Jain Meghdutam ka Samikshatmaka Adhyayan

Author(s): Sima Dwivedi
Publisher: Ilahabad University
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010397/1

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merutuGgAcArya kRta jainameghadUtam kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya kI DI0 phil0 upAdhi hetu prastuta zodhaprabandha + QUOT UNIVERSITY OF ALL RAM! ALLAHABAD ARBORES TOT zodhakartrI sImA dvivedI zodhanirdezikA pro0 rAjalakSmI varmA saMskRtavibhAga ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya ilAhAbAda. 2002

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prastAvanA jaina dharmAvalambI kavijano ne apanI kAvyaracanA dvArA saMskRta-sAhitya ke bahumukhI vikAsa meM apanA vizeSa yogadAna diyA hai| sarvaprathama sAmantabhadra ne saMskRta-bhASA me bhakti rasa se ota-prota srotoM kI racanA kara saMskRta kAvya kA maGgalAcaraNa kiyaa| tadantara aneka jainakaviyo ne caritakAvyo, mahAkAvyo va dUtakAvyoM kI racanA kI yaha eka alpajJAta tathya hai ki jaina dharma ke siddhAnto ko lekara jaina kaviyoM ne saMskRta meM dUtakAvyoM kI racanA kI hai| prAyaH kAlidAsa dvArA viracita meghadUtam kA hI nAma adhika prakhyAta hai| jaina kaviyo ne meghadUta ke samAnajaina meghadUtam , pavanadUtam , zIladUtam Adi aneka dUtakAvyo kI racanA kI hai| jahAM pavanadUtam , zIladUtam pArzvabhyudaya Adi kI racanA meghadUtam kI samasyApUrti ke lie kI gaI hai vahI AcArya merutuGga ne jainameghadUtam kI eka svatantra kAvya ke rUpa meM racanA kI hai| isame kavi ne vipralambha zraGgAra rasa ko pradhAna mAnate hue kAvya kA paryavasAna zAnta rasa meM kiyA hai| jIvana ke carama lakSya mokSa ko AdhAra mAnakara isa kAvya kA praNayana kiyA gayA hai| prastuta zodha-prabandha kA viSaya 'AcArya merutuGga kRta jainameghadUtam kA samIkSAtmaka adhyyn'| inameM jainameghadUtam ke vividha pakSoM para gambhIratA se vicAra karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| isa zodha-prabandha meM ATha pariccheda hai| ___prathama adhyAya dUtakAvya kI paramparA se sambaddha hai| isake antargata 'dUta' zabda kI vyutpatti para saMskRta hindI zabdakoSa, abhidhAna cintAmaNi, agnipurANa Adi grantho ke anusAra kiyaahai| dUta kAvyoM ke prArambhika srota

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Rgveda va vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata zrImadbhagavata, bauga0 jAtaka kathAe~ dUtakAvyo ko do bhAgo me vibhAjita kara unakI gaveSaNAtmaka samIkSA kI gaI hai| dUta kAvyoM kA vargIkaraNa jaina jainetara kAvyo kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai| dUsare adhyAya meM AcArya merutuGga ke vyaktitva evaM kRtitvapara vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isame AcArya merutuGga ke sthiti kAla jIvana paricaya, unake jIvana se sambandhita mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAoM va racanAoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| tRtIya adhyAya kA zIrSaka hai kathAvastu aura critraangkn| isa adhyAya ke antargata kAvya kI kathAvastu tathA kavi kI caritrAGkana zailI kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana prastuta kiyA gayA hai / caturtha adhyAya kA viSaya hai jainameghadUtam kI rasa yojnaa| isa adhyAya meM sAhitya-zAstra ke vibhinna vidvAnoM ke anusAra rasatattva nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| vibhinna raso ke svarUpa kA bhI vizleSaNa karane kI ceSTA kI gaI hai| jainameghadUtam meM upalabdha vibhinna rasoM ke citraNa kI vizeSatAoM tathA kAvya ke aGgI va aGgabhUta rasoM kI samAlocanA isa adhyAya kA vicAraNIya viSaya hai| - kAvya zilpa nAmaka paJcama adhyAya meM kAvya kI bhASA zailI guNa rIti, alaGkAra, chanda Adi tattvoM va unake prayoga kI dRSTi se merUtuGgAcArya kI kavitA kA samIkSAtmaka Akalana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| chaThe adhyAya 'kAvya saundarya' ke antargata merUtaGgAcArya ke prakRti citraNa, vimbi vidhAna, tathA kAvya ke saundarya meM zrIvRddhi karane vAle bhAvapakSa va kalApakSa kI viziSTatAoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| sAtavA~ adhyAyahai jIvana dRSTi aura jIvana mUlya isameM kavi kI jIvana dRSTi ko samajhAne kI ceSTA kI gaI hai| kavi ne jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM ko

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apane kAvya meM samAhita kiyA hai isakI samIkSA kI gaI hai| AcArya merUtuGga jainamata me AsthA rakhate hai| isa kAvya ko unhoMne jaina siddhAntoM va jIvana mUlyo kA AkAra banAkara prastuta kiyA hai| antima adhyAya me merUtuGgAcArya ke kavirUpa kI sarvAGgINa samIkSA karate hue unake kAvya kI viziSTatAo kA sakSipta Akalana diyA gayA hai| jainadharma ke siddhAnto para AdhArita jainameghadUtam kAvya para prastuta prabandha vartamAna bhautakavAdI yuga meM jIvana ke parama lakSya kA saGketa dene meM sahAyaka siddha ho sakatA hai| isa zodha kArya meM jina sAhitya marmajJa vidvAnoM evaM mahAnubhAvoM kA sahayoga prApta huA hai, unake prati mai hArdika AbhAra vyakta karanA apanA punIta karttavya samajhatI huuN| ___ sarvaprathama mai apanI nirdezikA DA0 rAjalakSmI varmA ke prati AbhAra vyakta karatI hU~ jinake mArgadarzana me mai yaha kArya kara skii| mere mAtA-pitA kA tyAga evaM sahayoga bhI isa kArya kI saphalatA kA eka pramukha ghaTaka tattva rahA hai| mere sasurAla pakSa se jo sahayoga milA hai vaha bhI bahuta mahattva rakhatA hai| yaha zodha-kArya mere zvasura ke adhyayana ke prati lagAva kA dyotaka kahA jAya, to koI atizayokti na hogii| mere pati deva kA isa kArya me hara prakAra se merI sahAyatA karanA tathA samaya-samaya para utsAhavarddhana karate rahanA bhI isa kArya kI saphalatA me bahuta sahAyaka rahA hai| maiM ina sabhI zubhecchuoM ke prati hArdika AbhAra prakaTa karatI huuN| ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya ke pustakAlaya ke adhikAriyoM ke prati bhI dhanyavAda jJApita karanA nahIM bhuuluuNgii|

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4 gaGgAnAtha jhA saMskRta vidyApITha, pablika lAibrerI ke adhikAriyoM evaM hindI sAhitya sammelana kI pustakAlayAdhyakSa DA0 rItA pANDeya tathA anya karmacAriyo dvArA kiye gaye sahayoga ke lie maiM upakRta huuN| vArANasI vizvavidyAlaya tathA pArzvanAtha jaina pustakAlaya ke adhikAriyoM ne bhI isa kArya me apanA pUrNa sahayoga diyA hai|, unake prati bhI maiM kRtajJa heNuu| ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya ke saMskRta - vibhAga ke variSTha adhyApaka DA0 zaGkara dayAla dvivedI ne bhI mere zodha kArya meM amUlya, sahayoga diyA usake liemaiM unakI sadaiva RNI huuN| isake atirikta isa kArya me jina logo kA parokSa yA aparokSa rUpa me jo sahAyatA prApta huA hai, usake lie mai una saba ke prati AbhAra vyakta karatI huuN| zodha kArya ko isa rUpa meM prastuta karane meM mujhe zrImatI alakA dvivedI ke dvArA jo sahayoga prApta huA usake lie ve dhanyavAda kI pAtra haiN| gurUjanoM ke AzIrvAda se merA yaha prayAsa Apa sabake samakSa prastuta hai isameM merI alpajJatA se jo azuddhiyA~ raha gayIM hoM unake lie maiM vidvajjanoM se kSamA cAhatI huuN| savinaya, sImA vinaMtI (sImA dvivedI) zodhacchAtrA

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75-109 154-194 viSayAnukramaNikA pRSTha-saMkhyA prathamo'dhyAyaH dUtakAvya paramparA 1-62 dvitIyo'dhyAyaH merUtuGgAcArya kA vyaktitva aura kRtitva 63-74 tRtIyo'dhyAyaH kathAvastu aura caritrAGkana caturtho'dhyAyaH jainameghadUtam kI rasa yojanA meM rasa vimarza 110-153 (ka) rasa tattva (kha) jainameghadUtam paJcacamo'dhyAyaH kAvya zilpa (ka) bhASA (kha) zailI (guNa rItiyA~) (ga) alaGkAra (gha) chanda SaSTho'dhyAyaH kAvya saundarya (ka) prakRticitraNa (kha) bimbayojanA (ga) upamAna saptamo'dhyAyaH jIvana dRSTi evaM jIvana mUlya 214-222 aSTamo'dhyAyaH mUlyAMkana 223-231 sahAyaka-grantha sUcI 232-239 195-213

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prathamo'dhyAyaH dUta kAvya kI paramparA

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dUta kAvya kI paramparA saMskRta sAhitya me virahI nAyaka athavA nAyikA kA apanI preyasI athavA priyatama ke pAsa praNaya sandeza bhejanA hI dUtakAvya kA viSaya rahA hai| isalie ise 'dUtakAvya' athavA sandeza kAvya se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| dUtakAvya kI paramparA ke pUrva dUta zabda kI saMkSepa me vyAkhyA karanA Avazyaka hai, ataH dUta zabda kI vyAkhyA vibhinna zAstro ke anusAra isa prakAra hai dUta zabda kA zAbdika artha saMskRta-hindI kozAnusAra 'sandezahara' yA 'sandezavAhaka' hotA hai|' AMglabhASA me ise (Messenger) kahate hai| amarakoSa ke anusAra dUta zabda kI vyutpatti hai- du gatau+kta (ta) dUtA' dUtanibhyAM dIrghazca (u.3/90) sUtra dvArA du ke uko dIrgha hokara dUta zabda vyutpanna huA hai| amarakoSa meM dUta kA artha nimnavat spaSTa kiyA gayA / hai-syAtsandezaharo duutH| AcArya hemacandra ne abhidhAna cintAmaNi meM dUta kI paribhASA isa prakAra se kI hai-'syAtsandezaharodUtaH" isa prakAra dUta zabda kI vyutpatti ke AdhAra para sandezahAraka arthAt kisI eka vyakti ke sandeza ko usake dUsare abhISTa vyakti taka pahu~cAne vAle vyakti ko dUta kahate hai| saMskRta hindI koza pR. saM. 468, vAmana zivarAma ApTe amarakoSa 2/6/16 amarakoSa 2/6/16 abhidhAna cintAmaNi 3/398

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AcArya vizvanAtha ne dUta kA trividha rUpa spaSTa karate hue likhA hai : - nisRSTArtho mitArthazca tathA sndeshhaarkH| kAryapreSyastridhA dUto dUtyazcApi tthaavidhaaH||' dUta use kahate hai jise vividha kAryo hetu yatastataH bhejA hai| ye dUta 3 prakAra ke hai (1) nisRSTArtha (2) mitArtha aura (3) sandeza haark| nisRSTArtha dUta vaha hai jo dono (nAyaka athavA nAyikA) ke mana kI bAta samajhakara svayaM hI sabhI prazno kA samAdhAna kara letA hai aura pratyeka kArya ko svayaM susampAdita karatA hai - ubhayorbhAvamunnIya svayaM vadati cottrm| suzliSTaM kurUte kArya nisRSTArthastu sNskRtH||' mitArtha dUta vaha hai jo bAta to kama kare parantu jisa kArya ke lie bhejA gayA ho, usa kArya ko avazya sampAdita kara le tathA sandezahAraka dUta vaha hai jo utanI hI bAta kare jitanI use batAyI gayI ho| mitArtha bhASI kAryasya siddhakArA mitaarthkH| yAvadbhASitasandezahAra: sndeshhaarkH||' manu smRti me bhI dUta ke lakSaNa batAe gaye haiM - dUtaM caiva prakurvIta sarvazAstrAvizAradam / iGgitAkAraceSTajJaM zuciM dakSaM kulodgatam / / anuraktaH zucirdakSaH smRtimAndezakAlavit / sAhitya darpaNa 3/47 , , 3/48 " , 3/49

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vapuSmAnvItabhIrvAgmI dUto rAjJaH prazasyate / / ' rAjA ko cAhie ki vaha saba zAstro kA vidvAna, iMgita AkAra aura ceSTA ko jAnane vAlA zuddhacarita, catura tathA kulIna dUta ko niyukta kare / anurakta zuddha catura, smaraNa zakti yukta deza kAla kA vijJAta, surUpa vAlA nirbhIka evaM vAgmI dUta zreSTha hotA hai| Age calakara manu dUta kI mahattA kA varNana karate hai - AmAtye daNDa Ayatto daNDe vainayikI kriyA / nRpatau kozarASTre ca dUte saMdhiviparyayau / / dUta eva hi saMdhatte bhinattyeva ca saMhatAn / 2 dUtastatkurUte kArye bhidyante yena vA na vA / / garuNa purANa meM dUta kA lakSaNa nimnavat diyA gayA hai:buddhimAnmatimAzcaiva paracitopalakSakaH krUro yathoktavAdI ca eva dUto vidhIyate / / ' buddhimAna, matimAna, paracitAbhiprAya, vijJAtA, krUra tathA jaisA kahA jAye vaisA kahane vAlA dUta honA cAhie / 2 sAhitya ke rasa zAstra meM dUta kA eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / rati bhAva ke paripAka ke lie dUta aparihArya sA vidita hotA hai / zRGgAra rasa me avalamba aura Azraya ubhayAzrita aura ubhayAnvita rahate hai| nAyaka aura nAyikA meM donoM eka dUsare ke lie avalamba aura Azraya donoM hI hote hai| ataH ratibhAva kI samagra avasthiti ke lie nAyaka tathA nAyikA donoM meM rati bhAva 3 3 manu samRti 7 /63 - 64 22 "} 7/65-66 garuNa purANa 6/8/8

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jAgRta honA cAhie isalie dUta kI sAhitya me AvazyakatA mAnI gaI hai| sAhitya me nAyaka athavA nAyikA kI ora se dUta athavA dUtI kA bhejA jAnA sarvavidita hI hai| prAyaH viraha kI pUrvarAga aura mana avasthAoM meM dUta athavA dUtI preSaNa kA vyApAra dekhane me AtA hai| virahI jaba viraha me prakSipta ho jAtA hai taba use cetana aura acetana tathA pazu-pakSI aura manuSya kA viveka nahI rhtaa| vaha hara kisI ke sAmane haeNsatA rotA gAtA tathA pralApa karatA rahatA hai| aisI avasthA meM viraha nAyaka athavA nAyikA kA jisa kisI ko bhI dUta banAkara apane priya ke pAsa bhejanA kucha asvabhAvika nahIM hai| jaba cetana aura acetana kA hI viveka na rahe, taba pazu-pakSiyoM taka se apanI viraha vedanA kA nivedana karanA kucha bhI anucita nahIM pratIta hotA hai| isalie adhikAMza sandeza kAvyoM meM pazu-pakSI dUta banAe gaye hai| prakSipta avasthA to taba aura bhI adhika prakaTa hotI hai jaba hama pavana candra, padAMka, tulasI ityAdi ko bhI dUta kArya meM lagA huA dekhate haiM to Azcarya hotA hai| anta meM mana bhakti tathA zIla jaise sUkSma aura bhAvAtmaka padArtha ko bhI dUta kArya me niyukta kiyA huA pAte hai| kisI-kisI kAvya meM paurANika pAtroM ko bhI dUta kAryoM me sampAdita karate hue pAte haiN| isa prakAra ina dUta kAvyoM meM vibhinna pazu-pakSiyoM tathA anya jar3a cetana padArthoM ko bhI dUta kAryoM meM niyukta kiyA gayA hai| saMskRta kAvya sAhitya kI eka viziSTa paramparA ke rUpa meM isa dUta kAvya vidhA kA prArambha vaidika kAla se lekara Adhunika kAla taka spaSTatayA milatA hai| udAharaNatayA Rgveda ko dUtakAvyaparamparA meM dUtakAvya kA Adisrota mAna sakate hai kyokiM bhAratIya sAhitya meM Rgveda hI sarvaprAcIna grantha hai| isa veda meM sarvaprathama pazuoM dvArA dUta kArya karane kA ullekha milatA hai| AcArya vRhaspati kI gAyoM ko bala nAmaka asura ke yoddhA paNi loga jaba apaharaNa

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karake le jAte hai aura una gAyo ko guphA meM chipA dete hai, taba indra una gAyo kI khoja ke lie saramA nAmaka kutiyA ko paNi kepAsa bhejate haiN| saramA nadI ko pAra karake balapura pahu~catI hai aura vahA~ gupta sthAna meM chipAI huI gAyo ko khoja nikAlatI hai| isa avasara para paNi loga saramA ko apane pakSa me karanA cAhate haiN| isa samvAda se jJAta hotA hai ki bhAratIya sAhitya meM pazuo ko dUta rUpa me bhejane kI paramparA atyanta prAcIna hai| eka anya sthala para Rgveda me dUsarI kathA upalabdha hotI hai jisame rAjA rathavIti kI putrI ke prati zyAvAzva RSi apanA praNaya sandeza rAtri ke mAdhyama se bhejate hai isakA ullekha AcArya zaunaka dvArA praNIta bRhaddevatA me bhI milatA hai| Rgveda meM anya sthala para yama-yamI samvAda kA ullekha milatA hai|" vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM bhI dUta sampreSaNa sambandhI prasaMga dRSTigocara hotA hai| hanumAna jI ko kArya paTu evaM parAkramI samajhakara zrI rAmacandra jI svanAmAGkita aMgUThI sItA ke abhijJAnArtha dete haiM aura unhe dUta rUpa meM bhejate hai| sItA jI dvArA kucha sandeha prakaTa karane para hanumAna zrI rAmacandra ke guNa parAkrama kA varNana kara phira sItA jI se kahate haiM: tenAhaM preSito dUtastvatsakAzamihAgataH tvadviyogena duHkhArtaH sa tvAM kauzalamabravIt / / ' tadantara hanumAna jI sItA jI ko phira vizvAsa dilAte hai aura rAmacandra jI kI aMgUThI dikhAte haiM - 0/7/107 " 5/61/17,18,19 brahadevatA 5/74-75 bAlmIki rAmAyaNa sundarakANDa 34/35

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vAnaro'haM mahAbhAge dUto rAmasya dhiimtH| rAmanAmakiMta cedaM pazya devyagulIyakam pratyayArthaM tavAnItaM tena dattaM mahAtmanA samAzvasihi bhadraM te kSINaduHkhaphalA hysi|| anma me sItA jI hanumAna ko zrI rAma jI ko dUta mAna letI hai: evaM vizvAsitA sItA hetubhiH shokkrssitaa| upapannairabhijJAnairdUtaM tamadhigacchati / / ' sItA jI dvArA vApasa calane ke lie prastuta na hone para hanumAna jI unase kucha abhijJAna maoNgate hai| sItA jI abhijJAnArtha cUr3AmaNi detI hai aura apanA sandeza bhI bhijavAtI haiN| isa prakAra vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM dUta dvArA sandeza preSaNa mArga varNana tathA abhijJAna svarUpa kisI vastu kA denA kisI ghaTanA kA ullekha karanA yaha bAta pAI jAtI hai| ina sabhI bAto kA pUrA-pUrA sAmaJjasya kAlidAsa jI ke meghadUta meM bhI milatA hai| rAmAyaNa ke bAda mahAbhArata meM bhI dUta preSaNa kA vRtAnta kaI prasaMgoM me dekhane meM AtA hai| yudhiSThira zrIkRSNa ko hastinApura meM kauravarAja duryodhana kI sabhA meM dUta rUpa meM bhejate haiN| isa dUta sampreSaNa meM vizuddha rAjanaitika bhAva dRSTigata hotA hai, parantu mahAbhArata meM vanaparva ke nalopAkhyAna me Aye hue haMsa damayantI saMvAda ko to nizcita rUpa se hI sandeza kAvyoM kA patha pravartaka mAnanA pdd'egaa| haMsa-damayantI samvAda meM haMsa dvArA nala aura damayantI eka dUsare ke lAvaNya kI, guNa kI, yogyatA kI nirantara carcA sunate rahane se nala ra vahI 35/84 sundarakANDa 4

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aura damayantI paraspara apratyakSa rUpa se eka dUsare prema se karane lagate hai| eka samaya nala mana hI mana damayantI kA dhyAna karate-karate apane udyAna meM pahu~catA hai tabhI vahA~ para eka haMso kA samUha AtA hai| uname se eka haMsa ko nala pakar3a lete hai| vaha haMsa nala se kahatA hai tato'ntarikSago vAcaM vyAjahAra nalaM tdaa| hantavyo'smi na te rAjan kariSyAmi tava priyam / / damayantI sakAze tvAM kathayiSyAmi naissdh| yathA tvadanyaM purUSaM na sA maMsyati karhicit / / evamuktastato haMsamutsasarja mhiiptiH| te tu haMsAH samutpatya vidrbhaangmsttH||' isI prakAra 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 zloka me bhI haMsa damayantI se sambandhita bAtoM kA varNana nala ke sammukha karatA hai| isake atirikta rAjA nala kA bhI devatAoM ke dUta ke rUpa meM damayantI ke pAsa jAnA sarvavidita hI hai|' mahAbhArata ke atirikta zrImadbhAgavata meM bhI aise kaI sthala pAye jAte hai, jo ki nizcita rUpa se kaI dUtakAvyo ke AdhAra svarUpa hai| bhAgavata ke dazama skandha ke 30veM adhyAya meM isa prakAra kI kathA hai| eka bAra rAsa krIDA ke prasaMga meM bhagavAna kRSNa ke prema ko pAkara gopiyA~ kucha abhimAna karane lagatI hai| unake abhimAna ko dUra karane kI bhAvanA se kRSNa jI antardhAna ho jAte haiM aura unake viraha meM unmatta kI taraha azvattha, plakSa, nyagrodha, tulasI, mallikA, yuthikA aura Amra ityAdi vRkSoM se unakA patA / mahAbhArata vana parva (nalopAkhyAna) 53/20-23 mahAbhArata vana parva (nalopAkhyAna) 53/54

Page #16
pUchatI phiratI hai| zrImadbhAgavata ke dazama skandha ke 46ve adhyAya meM bhI sandeza kAvya athavA dUta kAvya kI kucha rUparekhA pAI jAtI hai| kRSNa jaba gokula se mathurA A jAte hai aura bahuta dinoM taka gokula jAne kA unhe avasara nahI milatA hai taba ve nanda aura yazodA ke duHkha ko dUra karane tathA gApiyo ko sAntvanA dene ke lie apane priya mitra uddhava ko gokula bhejate hai| isa prakAra nanda aura yazodA ke duHkha ko dUra kara jaba uddhava mathurA jAne ko udyata hote hai taba kucha gopiyA~ unake ratha ko rokakara khar3I ho jAtI haiN| tabhI kahI se eka bhramara A jAtA hai gopikAeN usako zrIkRSNa kA dUta samajhakara usase kahatI hai - madhupa kitavabandho mA spRzAGghri sapalyAH kucavilulita-mAlA kuGkumazmazrubhirvaH / vahatu madhupatistanmAninInAM prasAdaM yadusadasi viDambayo yasya dUtastvamIdRk / / ' zrImadbhAgavata ke isa prasaMga ke AdhAra para hI zrI rUpa gosvAmI ke uddhava sandeza tathA mAdhava kavindra ke uddhavadUta kI racanA huI hai| ukta prasaMga me bhramara ko bhI dUta kalpita kiyA gayA hai| ataH yaha prasaMga rUdra nyAya vAcaspati ke bhramara dUta tathA anya dUtoM kA bhI AdhAra hai uparyukta prasaMgo ke atirikta zrImadbhAgavata meM eka aura sthala para bhI dUta dvArA sandeza preSaNa kA kArya pAyA jAtA hai| rUkmiNI kA vivAha zizupAla se nizcita ho jAtA hai kintu rUkmiNI isa vivAha sambandha ko nahIM cAhatI haiM, vaha zrI kRSNa se vivAha karanA cAhatI haiM isI prasaMga meM vidarbha se dvArakA ko dUta ke rUpa meM eka brAhmaNa bhejA jAtA hai|' dUta ke pahu~cane para kRSNa jI usakA svAgata 1 8 2 zrImadbhAgavata 10 / 47/12 zrImadbhAgavata 10 / 52/21-27

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satkAra karate hai, kuzalamaMgala pUchate hai tathA usake Ane kA kAraNa bhI jAnanA cAhate hai| isI samaya brAhmaNa zrI kRSNa ko rUkmiNI kA sandeza sunAtA hai rUkmiNI ke isa sanadeza ko sunakara nizcita samaya para vidarbha deza me A jAte hai aura pUrvayojanAnusAra rUkmiNI ko pArvatI ke mandira se apahRta kara lAte hai| isa prasaMga me dUta dvArA pUrva anurAga ke kAraNa dUtasampreSaNa spaSTa hI hotA hai / bauddha sAhitya me bhI dUta sampreSaNa ke kaI prasaMga dekhane ko milatA hai / sarvaprathama jo eka kathA milatI hai vaha isa prakAra hai ki kAzI kA eka zreSTha apane kalaNDuka nAmaka dAsa kI khoja me apane eka pAlatU zuka ko bhejatA hai| zuka dAsa ko khojakara vApasa Akara zreSThI ko usakI sUcanA detA hai / ' eka dUsarI kathAnusAra eka vyakti zUlI ke daNDa ko prApta eka kAka ko antarikSa meM ur3ate hue dekhakara usake dvArA apanI priya patnI ke pAsa apanA sandeza bhijavAtA hai| vaha kAka se kahatA hai - - kuMtani jAtaka meM eka aisI kathA kA varNana hai kA varNana hai jo kozalarAjA ke pAsa rahatA thA aura sandeza sampreSaNa karatA thaa| ucce sakuNa DemAna pattayAna vihaMgama / 2 vajjAsi khotvaM vAmUrUM ciraM khosA karissati / / ' 1 9 2 eka anya sthala para eka aura kathA milatI jisame uttara pAJcAla kI atyanta rUpavatI rAjakumArI paJcAla - caNDI kA varNana milatA hai| paJcAla tathA videha deza kI rAjAoM meM gaharI zatrutA thI / paJcAla rAjA ne apane zatru ko kalaNDuka jAtaka, 127 kAma vilApa jAtaka 197 kuMni jAtaka 143 jisame eka aise pakSI ke samAna rAjA kA dUta

Page #18
nIcA dikhAne hetu eka cAla clii| usane apanI putrI kI prazaMsA me kaviyo se aneka racanAe~ nirmita krvaaii| saMgItajJo dvArA kucha pakSiyoM ke gale meM ghaNTiyaoN baMdhavAyI tathA una pakSiyoM ko kaviyo dvArA racita racanAe~ kaNThastha krvaayii| taba ina pakSiyo ko videha rAjA ke rAjya meM bhejA gyaa| ve pakSI paJcAla rAjakumArI ke rUpa lAvaNya kI prazaMsA evaM racanAoM kA gAyana karate tathA sAtha me yaha bhI kahate ki rAjakumArI videharAjA para anurakta hai aura vaha usI kA varaNa karanA cAhatI hai| pakSiyoM kA gIta sunakara videharAjA bhI anurakta ho gyaa| isa prakAra pakSiyo dvArA paJcAlarAjA ne videha rAjA para vijaya prApta kii| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki prAcIna kAla me loga pakSiyo ko prazikSita karake unase dUta kArya sampAdita karavAte the| bauddha sAhitya ke bAda hame jaina sAhitya meM bhI dUta sampreSaNa ke pramANa prApta hote hai| jaina sAhitya me 'paumacariyaM' sarvaprAcIna grantha hai jisake racanAkAra vimalasUri hai| isa kAvya meM kaI sthaloM para dUta sampreSNa kA prasaMga sarvapramukha hai| isa kAvya me bhI pavanasuta hanumAna ko kavirAja ne dUtarUpa meM upasthita kiyA hai| sarvaprathama jaba hanumAna zrI rAma se milate haiM, taba zrI rAma unako dUta rUpa me laMkA jAne ke lie kahate hai| hanumAna isa dautyakarma ko atilaghu samajha kara zrI rAma se kahate hai - 1 10 savve vi tujjha supurisa! paDiuvayArassa ujjayA amhe / gantUNa sAmi ! laMkaM, rakkhasabAhaM pasAemo / / sAmiya dehAssNattiM, tuha mahilA jeNa tattha gantuNaM / ANomi bhuyavaleNaM pecchasu ukkaNThio sigdhaM / / ' paumacaricaM, sundarakANDa 49/27-28

Page #19
isa prakAra hanumAna kI isa mahAgarjanA ko sunakara zrIrAma harSollAsita ho, sItA ke lie unako apanA sandeza dete hai| rAma kA sandeza pAkara pulakitabAhu hanumAna sItA kI khoja me cala pdd'e| laMkA pahu~cane para nirdhUma Aga sadRza bAye hAtha para mu~ha rakhe hue, khule bAla, A~sU bahAtI huI sItA jI kA unheM darzana hotA hai| devI sItA kI viraha kAtaratA ko dekhakara hanumAna jI atyadhika dukhita hote hai aura ve sItAjI ke samakSa turanta prastuta ho jAte hai| unheM apane sammukha dekhakara sItAjI ne hanumAna se pUchA kattha pase sundara / diTTho te lakkhaNeNa saha paumo nirUvahaaMgovaMgo? kiM va mahAsogasannihio ? / / aha vA kiM maha virahe, siDhilIbhUyasya viyaliorapaNe laddho bhadda! tume ki aMgulimuddao eso ? ' / / 1 yaha sunakara hanumAna sItA jI ko praNAma kara zrIrAma kI kuzalavArtA ke sAtha unakI dazA kA bhI varNana karate haiN| hanumAna zrI rAma kI kuzalavArtA kaha kara, bhojanakara sItA devI se kahate haiM. nivka bhoyaNavihI vinnaviyA mArUINa jaNayasuyA / ArUhasu majjha khandhe, nemi tahiM jattha tuha dio|| ' 3 usa sandarbha me sItA devI kulavadhU ke guNoM kA varNana karatI hai, apanA sandeza bhI zrI rAma ko dene ke lie kahatI hai| isa prakAra unakA 2 2 11 3 paumacariyaM, sundarakANDa 53 / 21-26 paumacariyaM, sundarakANDa 53 / 27-39 paumacariyaM, sundarakANDa 53 / 61-62 paumacariyaM, sundarakANDa 53/64-72

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12 sandeza lekara zrI rAma ke samakSa hanumAna upasthita hote haiM aura zrI rAma ko sItA devI kA sandeza sunAte hai|' isa prakAra pracIna saMskRta sAhitya me pazu-pakSiyo dvArA dUta sampreSaNa hotA thA jise dekhakara paravartI kaviyo ne bhI aneka dUta kAvya kI racanA kI jisame dUta vAhaka ke rUpa me pazu-pakSiyoM, acetana padArtho kA cunAva kiyaa| prAcIna kAla me pazu pakSI ko nAyaka banAkara kathA likhI gaI hai udAharaNArtha hitopadeza tathA pnyctntr| saMskRta sAhitya ke atirikta bhAratIya loka gIto me bhI pakSiyo dvArA patra bhejane kI paramparA thii| virahaNI dUra deza meM gaye pati kI yAda kara use sandeza kAka aura anya pakSiyo dvArA hI bhejatI thiiN| isa prakAra kAvya kI paramparA veda se lekara vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, zrImadbhAgavata, jaina grantha, bauddha grantha taka meM milatI haiN| vAlmIki rAmAyaNa ke bAda zrI bhAsa racita dUtavAkyam aura dUtaghaTotkaca kA bhI sthAna milatA hai| ___ ataH paravartI kaviyo ne prAcIna saMskRta sAhitya me dUta-sampreSaNa kArya se preraNA pAkara aneka dUtakAvyoM kI racanA kI hai| jisameM sarvaprathama kAlidAsa kA meghadUtam hai| saMskRta ke dUtakAvyoM kA Adimagrantha mahAkavi kAlidAsa kA meghadUtam hai| jisame dhanapati kubera ke zApa se nirvAsita eka virahI yakSa kI manovyathA kA mArmika citraNa hai| meghadUta kAlidAsa ke antaH prakRti tathA bAhya prakRti ke sUkSma nirIkSaNa kA bhavya bhaNDAra hai| yahA~ bAhya prakRti ko jo pradhAnatA paumacariyaM, sundarakANDa 54/3-11 saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa pra. saM. 227 - A. baldeva upAdhyAya

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13 milI hai vaha saMskRta ke anya kisI kAvya me nahIM / kAvya do bhAgo me vibhAjita hai pUrvamegha aura uttrmegh| pUrvamegha to yahA~ se vahA~ taka prakRti kI hI manohara jhA~kI yA bhAratabhUmi ke svarUpa kA hI madhura gAna hai| kavi kI painI dRSTi meM grISma Rtu kI manda pravAhinI nadI usa preSita patikA ke samAna pratIta hotI hai jo apane pati ke viyoga meM malina vasanA bana bar3e kleza se apanA jIvana bitAtI hai| prAkRtika dRzyo me vijJAnasammata tathyoM kA bhI paryApta saniveza hai| yakSa tathA usakI preyasI kI virahAvasthA kA varNana kara kavi ne mArmika manohara citra upasthita kiyA hai| meghadUta vastutaH viraha pIr3ita utkaNThita hRdaya kI marma bharI vedanA hai| jisake pratyeka padya me prema vihvalatA vivazatA tathA vikalatA apane ko abhivyakti kara rahI hai| pUrvamegha bAhya prakRti kA manorama citra hai to uttaramegha antaHprakRti, anubhava para pratiSThita abhirAma varNana hai| zraGgAra rasa ke vAtAvaraNa me hI paripuSTa mahAkavi kAlidAsa dvArA viracita isa dUta kAvya meM sandeza sampreSaNa hetu dhUma, teja, jala, vAyu ke saMyoga se nirmita megha ko cunA gayA hai| kAvya me mandAkrAntA chanda kA prayoga hai| kAvya meM zloko kI saMkhyA ke bAre meM mata vaibhinnya hai| baldeva upAdhyAya ke matAnusAra 111 zlAkoM kA kAvya hai| jabaki kAzI nAtha 121 zloka mAnate haiN| mallinAtha ne zlAkoM kI saMkhyA 115 batAyI hai| usI prakAra mekar3onala ne 115 zloka kahe hai aura vilsana ne isa kAvya kI zlokoM kI saMkhyA 116 dI hai| isa prakAra apanI vizvamohanI kathAvastu ke sAtha yaha dUta kAvya vizvavikhyAta ho gayA hai sAtha hI dUtakAvya kI paramparA kA siramaura bhI bana baiThA hai| yahA~ samasta dUtakAvyoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai - (ka) saMskRta sAhitya meM upalabdha jainetara duutkaavy| (kha) saMskRta sAhitya meM upalabdha jainduutkaavy|

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sarvaprathama DA0 rAma kumAra AcArya dvArA racita 'saMskRta ke sandeza kAvya' nAmaka pustaka me upalabdha dUtakAvyoM kA saMkSipta varNana prApta hotA hai - (ka) saMskRta-sAhitya me upalabdha jainetara dUtakAvya dhoyI yA dhoyika kavi kA pavanadUta 1. 2. pUrNa sArasvata kavi kA haMsadUta 3. anirjJAta kavi kA haMsasandeza 4. vedAnta-dezika kA haMsadUta 5. lakSmIdAsa kA zukasandeza 6. vAsudeva kavi kA bhRMgasandeza 7. uddaNDa kavi kA kekila sandeza udaya kavi kA mayUra sandeza 9. vAmana bhaTTa bANa kA haMsadUta 10. viSNudAsa kavi kA manodUta 11. viSNutrAta kA koka sandeza 12. rUpagosvAmI kA uddhavasandeza 13. rUpagosvAmI kA haMsadUta 14. mAdhava kavIndra kA uddhavadUta 15. zatAvadhAna kavi kA bhRMgadUta 16. rUdranyAya paJcAnana kavi kA bhramaradUta 17. rUdranyAya paJcAnana kA pikadUta 14 8.

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15 18. kRSNa sArvabhauma kavi kA padAMkadUta 19. tailaMga brajanAtha kA manodUta 20. zrIkRSNa nyAyapaJcAnana kA vAtadUta 21. bholAnAtha kA pAnthadUta 22. bijJasUri vIrarAghavAvArya kA hanumadUtam pavanadUta' (vi0 dvAdaza trayodaza zatAbdI) - pavanadUta eka sundara dUtakAvya hai| yaha kAlidAsa ke meghadUta ke anukaraNa para likhA gayA hai| 'dhUyi' 'dhoyI' 'dhoI' athavA 'dhoyika' nAmaka kavi isake racayitA hai| pavanadUta kI zloka saM0 101 tathA 103 me kavi ne apane lie svayaM kavikSmAbhRtAM cakravartI aura kavi narapati kahA hai| pavanadUtam ke anta me bhI iti zrI dhoyIkavirAjaviracitam ityAdi lekha milatA hai| pavanadUta kI kathA isa prakAra hai ki gaur3a deza ke rAjA lakSmaNa-sena kI dakSiNa digvijaya meM malayaparvata para kanaka nagarI meM rahane vAlI kuvalayavatI nAma kI eka gandharva . kanyA rAjA ko dekhakara usase prema karane lagatI hai| rAjA lakSmaNasena baMgAla meM jaba apanI rAjadhAnI me lauTa AtA hai, to kuvalayavatI usake viraha meM bar3I vyAkula rahane lagatI hai| vasanta Rtu ke Ane para vasanta kI vAyu ko apanA saMdeza vAhaka banA kara vaha rAjA ke pAsa apanI viraha vyathA sunAne ke lie bhejatI hai| meghadUta ke samAna dUtakAvya bhI mandAkAntA chando me likhA gayA hai| bhASA sarala sarasa aura prasAdaguNa yukta hai| haMsa sandeza' (vi0 trayodaza-zataka kA prArambha) - isa dUtakAvya ke racanAkAra zrI pUrNasArasvAta haiN| isa dUtakAvya kI kathA kAlpanika hai| dakSiNa saMskRta ke sandeza kAvya pR. saM. 238 - DA. rAma ku. A. vahI pR. saM. 253 '

Page #24
16 bhArata ke kAMcIpura nagara kI koI strI kisI utsava ke avasara para zrI kRSNa kI vijaya yAtrA dekhakara unake prema me mugdha ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra vyAkula avasthA me usakA kucha samaya vyatIta ho jAtA hai| anta me kRSNa-viraha meM cintita vaha ghUmate-ghUmate puSpavATikA pahuMcatI hai| vahA~ use eka rAjahaMsa dikhAI detA hai| vaha usakA svAgata karatI hai tathA usase kuzalavArtA ityAdi pUchatI hai| anta me apane priya kRSNa ke pAsa sandeza le jAne ke lie prArthanA karatI hai| samagra kAvya me kula 102 zloka haiN| viSaya kI dRSTi se yaha kAvya sarvathA navIna hai| isake atirikta kavi kI kalpanA tathA bhAva-vinyAsa bhI bar3e sundara hai| sukumAra bhAva tathA anubhUti ke varNana ke upayukta mAdhurya prasAda guNayukta bhASA hai| kAvya me vaidarbhI rIti hai| haMsa saMndeza' (vi0 saM0 caturdaza-zataka) - prastuta dUtakAvya ke racayitA vekaTanAtha yA vedAnta dezika haiN| isa dUtakAvya kI kathAvastu rAmAyaNa se saMbaddha hai| sItAjI kI khoja karane bAda jaba hanumAna jI laMkA se lauTa Ate hai, taba zrI rAmacandrajI rAvaNa se yuddha karane se pUrva antarima kAla me sItAjI ko sAntvanA dene ke lie rAjahaMsa ko dUta banAkara laMkA bhejate haiN| isa dUtakAvya me do AzvAsa hai| prathama AzvAsa me 60 tathA dvitIya meM 51 zloka hai| mandAkAntA chanda kA hI kAvya me prayoga hai| kAvya kI zailI bar3I madhura hai| prasAda aura mAdhurya guNa se kAvya ota prota hai| kliSTa aura lambe samAsa prAyaH isa kAvya meM nahI hai| haMsa sandeza nAmaka eka anya dUtakAvya bhI prApta hotA hai| isa dUta kAvya ke racanAkAra ke bAre me kucha jJAta nahIM hai| isa kAvya kI kathA isa prakAra hai - koI zivabhakta zivabhaktirUpI apanI ananya preyasI ke sukhada samparka se advaitAnanda meM magna thaa| apane pUrva karmoM ke prabhAva se mAyA ke saMskRta ke sandeza kAvya pR. saM. 268

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17 vazIbhUta ho jAne ke kAraNa vaha zivabhakti se viyukta ho jAtA hai| kisI taraha kucha dina bItane ke bAda vaha apane manarUpI haMsa ko dUtabanAkara zivaloka meM sthita apanI preyasI zivabhakti ke pAsa prema-sandeza dekara bhejatA hai-' isa prakAra bhASA bhAva chanda tathA prakriyA ina sabhI dRSTiyo se yaha sandeza kAvya sundara racanA hai| vRttiyoM ke sandarbha me kavi ne kahA hai - gauDavaidarbhapAMcAla bhAlAkAra sarasvatI yasya nityaM prazaMsanti santasasaura bhvedinH| zuka saMdeza:- isa dUta kAvya ke racayitA zrI lakSmI dAsa hai| zuka saMdeza kA racanA kAla 666 kolamba varSa san 1461 I. hai| isa dUtakAvya kI kathA isa prakAra hai - guNakApurI me zarada Rtu kI rAtri me apane prAsAda ke Upara do premI sukhamaya vihAra me magna the| itane meM nAyaka ko akasmAt aisA svapna AtA hai ki vaha apanI preyasI se bichur3a gayA hai aura ghUmateghUmate rAmezvara ke samIpa rAmasetu para pahu~ca gayA hai| tadantara svapna me hI vaha apanI preyasI ke pAsa zuka ke dvArA sandeza bhejatA hai| prastuta dUtakAvya meM mandAkrAntA chanda hai| alaMkAra yojanA tathA komala kalpanA se yaha kAvya bharA par3A huA hai| ga sandeza:-' yaha bhRga sandeza dakSiNa bhArata ke kisI vAsudeva nAmaka kavi kI racanA hai| yaha sandeza kAvya saM. 1575 I. meM likhA gayA hai| isa sandeza kAvya kI kathAvastu isa prakAra hai ki kisI samaya rAtri meM nAyaka apanI premikA ke sAtha apane prAsAda para nidrAvihAra kara rahA thaa| isI avasara para koI yakSI usake saundarya para mugdha hokara use malayaparvata para ur3A kara le jAne lgii| mArga meM apane yakSa ko AtA dekhakara vaha use syAnandUra me vahI pR. saM. 280 saMskRta ke sandeza kAvya pR. saM. 303

Page #26
chor3a jAtI hai, jaba vaha nAyaka jAgatA hai taba apane ko akelA pAkara use bar3A duHkha hotA hai| isa avasara para eka bhRMga ur3atA huA usake pAsa AtA hai basa, vaha usako hI dUta banAkara apanI preyasI ke pAsa bhejatA hai| kAvya eka sarasa racanA hai| vipralambha zRGgAra hI pradhAna rasa hai| viSaya bheda hote hue bhI kAvya me zailI kI eka rUpatA hai, ataH sundara bhAvoM ke sAtha lalita bhASA likhA gayA yaha kAvya pAThako ko mugdha karane vAlA hai| kokila sandeza' (vi0 paMcadaza- SoDaza zataka) isa dUtakAvya ke racanAkAra uddaNDa kavi hai| kokila sandeza kAvya kI kathAvastu isa prakAra haikoI premI apane prAsAda para preyasI ke sAtha premAlApa karate-karate so jAtA hai| prAtaH kAla hone para vaha dekhatA hai ki kampA nadI ke taTa para sthita kAMcI nagarI me bhavAnI ke mandira ke pAsa vaha par3A huA hai| isI avasara para use AkAza vANI sunAI par3atI hai ki varUNapura se vimAna dvArA AtI huI apsarAe~ use yahAeN le AI hai| yadi vaha pAMca mahine taka kAMcI me nivAsa karegA to phira kabhI usakA apanI preyasI se viyoga nahIM hogaa| isa AkAzavANI ko sunane ke bAda vaha vahA~ nivAsa karane lagatA hai| do tIna mahIne bAda vasanta Rtu ke Ane para atyadhika vihvala ho jAtA hai aura kokila se preyasI ke pAsa apanA sandeza le jAne kA prArthanA karate hai / bhAvoM ke anukUla, sarasa aura pravAhapUrNa bhASA hai| meghadUta kI zailI, chanda, viSaya vyavasthA tathA bhAva yojanA se yaha kAvya pUrNatayA prabhAvita hai / kahIM-kahIM bhAvasAmya ke sAtha-sAtha zabda sAmya bhI hai| kAvya kI zailI aura pravAha nirduSTa hai| 1 18 saMskRta ke sandeza kAvya pR. saM. 303 -

Page #27
mayUra saMdeza' - isa dUtakAvya ke racayitA udaya kavi hai| isa kAvya kA racanAkAla I paJcadaza zataka kA pUrvArdha athavAsa 1400I. ke kucha bAda kA samaya hI mayUra sandeza kA racanAkAla hai| uparyukta dUtakAvya kI kathAvastu isa prakAra hai:- mAlAbAra ke rAjA zrIkaNTha ke parivAra kA koI rAjakumAra apanI rAnI mAracemantikA ke sAtha prasAda kI chata para vihAra kara rahA thaa| vidyAdhara bhUla se usako pArvatI ke sAtha svacchanda vihAra meM saMlagna sAkSAt ziva samajha baitthe| unakI isa bhUla para yaha rAjakumAra unakA upahAsa karane lgaa| vidyAdharo ne isa para rAjA ko eka mAsa ke lie apanI preyasI se viyukta rahane kA zApa de diyaa| rAjA ke prArthanA karane para kisI taraha vidyAdharoM ne use syAnandara me rahane kI anumati de dii| apanI preyasI ke viraha me nimagna vaha rAjA mayUra dvArA apanI preyasI ke pAsa annakara nagarI meM sandeza bhejatA hai| isa dUtakAvya ke pUrvabhAga aura uttara bhAga do bhAga hai| pUrvabhAga meM 107 aura uttara bhAga meM 92 zloka haiN| vicAra tAratamya vastu varNana chanda tathA zilpavidhAna kI dRSTi se yaha kAvya megha saMdeza kA saphala anukaraNa hai| mAdhurya aura prasAda guNa hone para bhI lambe aura kliSTa samAsa hai| udAharaNa aviratamadadhArA dhoraNI paarnnodyn| mdmdhukrmaalaakuujitodghossitaaraam|| haMsadUta' - isa dUtakAvya ke racanAkAra vAmana bhaTTa bANa haiN| haMsadUta kA samayakAla vi0 paJcadaza zataka hai| haMsadUta kAvya kI kathA meghadUta kI jaisI hai| isa dUta kAvya meM kevala itanA bheda hai ki haMsadUta meM yakSa rAmagiri parvata para na rahakara sudUra dakSiNa bhArata meM kailAza parvata para rahatA hai aura megha ke sthAna para haMsa ko apanA dUta banAtA hai| isake do bhAga hai (1) pUrva bhAga / 2 saM0 ke sandeza kAvya pra0 saM0 333 saM0 ke sandeza kAvya pra0 saM0 333

Page #28
mayUra saMdeza' isa dUtakAvya ke racayitA udaya kavi haiN| isa kAvya kA racanAkAla I. paJcadaza zataka kA pUrvArdha athavAsa 1400 I. ke kucha bAda kA samaya hI mayUra sandeza kA racanAkAla hai| uparyukta dUtakAvya kI kathAvastu isa prakAra hai:- mAlAbAra ke rAjA zrIkaNTha ke parivAra kA koI rAjakumAra apanI rAnI mAracemantikA ke sAtha prasAda kI chata para vihAra kara rahA thaa| vidyAdhara bhUla se usako pArvatI ke sAtha svacchanda vihAra me saMlagna sAkSAt ziva samajha baitthe| unakI isa bhUla para yaha rAjakumAra unakA upahAsa karane lgaa| vidyAdharo ne isa para rAjA ko eka mAsa ke lie apanI preyasI se viyukta rahane kA zApa de diyaa| rAjA ke prArthanA karane para kisI taraha vidyAdharoM ne use syAnandUra me rahane kI anumati de dii| apanI preyasI ke viraha me nimagna vaha rAjA mayUra dvArA apanI preyasI ke pAsa annakara nagarI me sandeza bhejatA hai / isa dUtakAvya ke pUrvabhAga aura uttara bhAga do bhAga hai / pUrvabhAga meM 107 aura uttara bhAga me 92 zloka hai| vicAra tAratamya vastu varNana chanda tathA zilpavidhAna kI dRSTi se yaha kAvya megha saMdeza kA saphala anukaraNa hai| mAdhurya aura prasAda guNa hone para bhI lambe aura kliSTa samAsa hai| udAharaNa aviratamadadhArA dhoraNI pAraNodayan / madamadhukaramAlAkUjitodghoSitArAm / / 1 - haMsadUta' - isa dUtakAvya ke racanAkAra vAmana bhaTTa bANa haiN| haMsadUta kA samayakAla vi0 paJcadaza zataka hai| haMsadUta kAvya kI kathA meghadUta kI jaisI hai| isa dUta kAvya me kevala itanA bheda hai ki haMsadUta meM yakSa rAmagiri parvata para na rahakara sudUra dakSiNa bhArata me kailAza parvata para rahatA hai aura megha ke sthAna para haMsa ko apanA dUta banAtA hai| isake do bhAga hai (1) pUrva bhAga 2 19 saM0 ke sandeza kAvya pra0 saM0 333 saM0 ke sandeza kAvya pra0 saM0 333

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isame 61 zloka hai| (2) uttara bhAga isame 60 zloka haiN| mandAkrAntAchanda kA hI sampUrNa kAvya meM prayoga hai| mAdhurya aura prasAda guNa yukta bhASA meM hI kAvya kI racanA kI gaI hai| bhASA para kavi kA pUrNa adhikAra hai| sthAna-sthAna para bhAva pUrNa sUktiyA~ aura udAtta varNana isa kAvya me dRSTigocara hote hai jaise ko vA loke virahajanitAM vedanAM sodumii| ataH yaha sandeza kAvya prathama koTi kI sAhityaka racanA hai| manodUta'- dUta kAvyo kI paramparA me isa manodUta kAvya kA eka viziSTa sthAna hai| isa dUtakAvya ke racayitA viSNudAsa haiN| manodUta kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1521 hai| jaisA ki kAvya ke nAma se spaSTa hai isa kAvya meM mana ko dUta banAyA gayA hai| kavi viSNu dAsa svayaM eka bhakta ke rUpa me pAThako ke samakSa isa kAvya meM Ate haiN| saMsAra meM logoM ke pApoM aura duHkho kI cintA karate, vikala hokara ve bhagavAna kRSNa kI zaraNa meM jAne kA vicAra karate hai| ve apane mana ko dUta banAkara bhagavAna ke caraNa kamalo meM apanA namra nivedana sandeza ke rUpa meM bhejane kI ceSTA karate haiN| isa dUtakAvya me bhAvoM kI saralatA ke sAtha-sAtha bhASA bhI bar3I madhura aura lalita hai| zAnta rasa ke anukUla kAvya me mAdhurya guNa aura vedarbhI rIti kA hI anukaraNa hai| kAvya meM zabda vinyAsa kA naipuNya hai| basantalikA chanda hai| koka sandeza':- yaha dUtakAvya trivendrama saMskRta sIrija se prakAzita huA hai| koka sandeza kA racanAkAra viSNutrAta nAmaka koI kavi hai| isa kAvya meM eka rAjakumAra zrI vihArapura se kAmArAma nAmaka nagara meM apanI preyasI ke pAsa koka ke dvArA apanA prema sandeza bhejatA hai| kAvya meM mandAkrAntA chanda hai| kAvya kI kathA kAlpanika hai| vipralambha zrRMgAra pUrNa saMskRta ke sandeza kAvya pR0 saM0 345-354 saMskRta ke sandeza kAvya pR0 saM0 362

Page #30
kAvya me hai| kavi kA bhASA para pUrNa adhikAra hai| kAvya meM sarvatra pravAha pAyA jAtA hai| viSaya vyavasthA, zailI, chanda aura bhAva vinyAsa sabhI me meghadUta kA anukaraNa kiyA gayA hai| uddhava- -saMdeza' uddhava saMdeza dUtakAvya ke racayitA rUpa gosvAmI haiN| prastuta dUta kAvya kA samaya vi0 SoDaza zataka kA uttarArdha mAnA gayA hai| kavi ne apanI kalpanA se mArgavarNana, mArga me draSTavya sthAno kA mahatva, gopiyo ke carita kA kIrtana tathA anya ramaNIya prasaMga upasthita kara kAvya ko madhura banA diyA hai| uparyukta kAvya me zrIkRSNa gopiyoM kI viraha-vedanA kA varNana uddhava se karate haiM tatpazcAt rAdhA kI manovyathA kA ve vizeSa rUpa se ullekha karate hai tathA usako sAntvanA dene ke lie uddhava se gokula jAne kI prArthanA karate hai| kAvya kA mukhya rasa vipralambha zRgAra hI hai / samagra kAvya me mandAkrAntA chanda kA prayoga hai / kAvya meM kula 131 zloka hai| yaha dUtakAvya meghadUta ke anukaraNa para likhA gayA hai| ataH isakI bhASA zailI Adi para meghadUta kI spaSTa chApa dIkha par3atI hai| 21 - 2 haMdU isa dUtakAvya kI kathA kAlpanika hI hai| zrImadbhAgavata se preraNA lekara hI yaha kAvya likhA gayA hai| kAvya kI kathA isa prakAra hai / bhagavAn zrI kRSNa jaba akrUra ke sAtha mathurA cale jAte haiM taba rAdhA apane khinna mana ko bahalAne ke lie apanI sakhiyoM ke sAtha yamunA taTa para jAtI hai| vahA~ kRSNa kI smRti A jAne para tatkAla mUrchita ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra jaba vaha punaH caitanya ko prApta karatI haiM usI samaya kisI sakhI ko haMsa dikhAI par3a jAtA hai vaha use apanA dUta banAkara kRSNa kI sabhA meM mathurA bhejatI haiN| haMsadUta kAvya ke racanAkAra rUpagosvAmI hai| prAyaH dUtakAvyoM meM saMskRta ke sandeza kAvya pR0 saM0 375-76 saMskRta ke sandeza kAvya pR0 saM0 385

Page #31
maMgalAcaraNa kA prayoga nahI hotaa| lekina isa kavi ne kAvya ke Adi me kRSNa kI stuti me maMgalAcaraNa bhI kiyA hai| samasta kAvya me zikhariNI chanda kA hI prayoga hai| vaidarbhI rIti tathA mAdhurya guNa kA prayoga hai| isa dUta kAvya me kavi ne bhakti kI pavitra dhArA bahAI hai| / uddhavadUta' :- uddhavadUta ke racayitA zrI mAdhava kavIndra bhaTTAcArya haiN| isa dUtakAvya kA racanAkAla vi0 saptadaza zataka hai| jaisA kAvya ke nAma se spaSTa hai, isa kAvya meM uddhava ko dUta banAyA gayA hai| zrIkRSNa gopiyoM ke lie apanA saMdeza dekara uddhava ko mathurA se gokula bhejate hai| kAvya me vipralambha zrRMgAra kA mukhya rUpa se citraNa kiyA gayA hai| tadanusAra mAdhuryaguNa aura vaidarbhIrIti kA prayoga hai| mandAkrAntA chanda kA prayoga hai| kevala anta ke zloka meM anuSTup chanda kA prayoga hai| kAvya meM kula 141 zloka hai| bhramaradUta:- isa dUtakAvya ke racayitA rudranyAyapaJcAnana haiN| bhramara kAvya kA samaya vi0 saptadaza zataka kA uttarArddha hai| isa dUta kAvya kI kathA rAmAyaNa kI kathA se sambandha rakhatI hai| kavi ne apanI kalpanA se mUla kathA me eka aura ghaTanA bar3hA dI hai| rAvaNa jaba sItAjI ko hara kara laMkA le jAtA hai taba sItAjI kI khoja karate karate rAmacandra mAlyavAn parvata para pahu~cate hai| vahA~ se sItAjI kI khoja ke lie hanumAna jI ko laMkA bhejate haiN| hanumAna eka hI dina meM sItAjI kA patA lagAkara tathA cUr3AmaNi lekara vApasa A jAte hai| idhara rAmacandra jI sItAjI ke viraha meM vyAkula rahate hai, nikaTa ke sarovara me bhramara dikhalAI par3a jAtA hai| basa ve bhramara ko apanA dUta banAkara sItA ke pAsa bhejate haiN| kavi ne meghadUta se preraNA lekara hI yaha kAvya likhA hai| baMgAla ke saMskRta dUtakAvyoM meM yaha kAvya eka sarasa tathA sundara racanA hai| yadyapi viSaya bhAva tathA bhASA aura zailI ityAdi kI dRSTi se ' saMskRta ke sandeza kAvya pR0 saM0 397-98

Page #32
yaha kAvya meghadUta kA anukaraNa hai| phira bhI kAvya me aneka svatantra kalpanAeM pAI jAtI hai aura vipralambha zRMgAra kA to bar3A hI bhAva pUrNa citraNa kiyA gayA hai| kAvya kI bhASA madhura tathA prasAda pUrNa hai| samagra kAvya me 123 zloka hai| jo mandAkrAntA chanda me upanibaddha hai| pikadUta' :- pikadUta kAvya ke racayitA bhI rUdranyAyapaJcAnana hai| yaha pikadUta eka bahuta choTA sA dUtakAvya hai| isa dUtakAvya kI eka hastalikhita prati kalakatte ke pro0 cintAharaNa cakravartI ema0 e0 ke nijI pustakAlaya meM hai| isa kAvya meM mathurA me sthita zrIkRSNa ke pAsa rAdhA ne vRndAvana se pika ko apanA dUta banA kara bhejA hai| isa dUta kAvya kA samaya vikrama saptadaza zataka kA uttarArdha hai| dUtakAvyo ke zilpavidhAna me zArdUlavikrIDita chanda kA prayoga kara kavi ne apanI maulikatA kA paricaya diyA hai| viraha varNana meM tIvratA hote hue bhI zRGgArikatA saMyata rUpa se kAvya me pAI jAtI hai| bhAva tathA rasa ke anukUla kAvya meM mAdhurya guNa aura vaidarbhI rIti sarvatra pAI jAtI __bhRGgadUta :- yaha sandezakAvya 'nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya patrikA' saM. 3 disambara, 1937 meM prakAzita huA hai| prastutadUta kAvya ke racayitA zatAva dhAnakavi zrIkRSNa deva haiN| kAvya kI kathA isa prakAra hai- pUrNAnanda, paramapurUSa, kamalanayana zrI kRSNa bhagavAn ke viraha meM eka gopI atyanta vyAkula rahatI hai| cAMdanI rAta bhI kalpa ke samAna use pratIta hotI hai| eka dina sUryodaya hone para madhura-madhura gUMjatA huA eka bhaurAM use dikhAI par3a jAtA hai| basa, kRSNa ke pAsa apanA sandeza bhejane ke lie use apanA dUta banAkara zrI kRSNa ke pAsa bhejatI hai| yaha kAvya pUrNatayA meghUdata kI zailI para hI likhA gayA hai| mandAkrAntA chanda kA hI kAvya meM prayoga hai| kAvya kI / saM0 ke sandeza kAvya pR0 saM0 422-23

Page #33
bhASA prasAda guNayukta hai tathA bhAvo kI komalatA bhI hai| sthAna-sthAna para kokila zuka aura bhauro ke madhura rava tathA saMgIta kI madhura dhArA kA pravAha sA kAvya me dIkha par3atA hai| kAvya me anuprAsa kI chaTA darzanIya hai jaise 'kuJje kuo kalitakusume kalpayannagarAgam hai| padAGkadUta :-' prastuta dUtakAvya ke racayitA kRSNasArvabhauma haiN| isa dUtakAvya kA samaya vi. saM. 1780 hai| kRSNa ke viraha meM vyAkula tathA unmatta ho ghUmatI huI gopI apane ghara se yamunA taTa para sthita kisI kuMja meM jAtI hai| vaha kRSNa ko na pAkara vaha acetana avasthA meM ho jAtI hai| kucha samaya pazcAta mUrchA cetana avasthA kI sthiti Ane para use zrI kRSNa ke caraNa cihna dikhalAI par3atA hai ataH vaha zrIkRSNa ke caraNa cihna se dUta ke rUpa meM kRSNa ke pAsa mathurA jAne kI prArthanA karatI hai| kAvya meM kula 46 zloka hai| anta kA eka zloka zArdUlavikrIData chanda meM hai| zeSa samasta zloka mandAkrAntA chanda meM hI hai| isa dUtakAvya meM sAhitya bhakti aura darzana ina tIna dhArAo kA kAvya me apUrva saMgama hai| bauddha darzana kA khaNDana bhI kavi ne khUba hI kiyA hai| kAvya sarasa tathA apUrva saMgama hai| bauddha darzana kA khaNDana bhI kavi ne yathAsthAna khUba hI kiyA hai| kAvya sarasa tathA mohanIya manodUta :-' isa dUta kAvya kA lekhaka tailaMga brajanAtha haiN| manodUta kA samaya vi. saM. 1814 hai| isa kAvya kI kathA mahAbhArata kI draupadIcIra haraNa ghaTanA para Azrita hai| yudhiSThira dyUtakrIDA meM draupadI ko dAva para lagAte hai aura hAra jAte hai| duryodhana ke AdezAnusAra duHzAsana draupadI kA keza pakar3a kara use balapUrvaka rAjasabhA meM khIMca lAtA hai| vahA~ karNa usakA bar3A saMskRta ke sandeza kAvya pR. saM. 435-36 saMskRta ke sandeza kAvya pR. saM. 445-46

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tiraskAra karatA hai aura duHzAsana ko usake vastra utArane kA Adeza detA hai| isa asahAya avasthA meM draupadI bhagavAna kRSNa kI yAda karatI hai tathA kisI aura ko samIpa na pAkara mana ko hI dUta banAkara zrIkRSNa ke pAsa dvArakA bhejatI haiN| sampUrNa kAvya me kula 202 zikhariNI chanda hai| chanda kI dRSTi se dUta kAvya kI paramparA me yaha sarvathA navIna hai| bhASA me sarvatra pravAha pAyA jAtA hai| racanA prasAdaguNa yukta hai| karUNa rasa pradhAna hai| kavi ne yamaka aura anuprAsa kA bar3A camatkAra dikhAyA hai| kahI-kahI alaMkAra ke abhAva meM bhI layayukta madhura zabda vinyAsa dvArA kavi ne sundarapadyoM kI racanA kI hai yathA vinA divyoddhAraM bhavajaladhitAraM vrajavadhU hRdo hAraM rUpadraviNajitamAraM naravaram / / vAtadUta :-' prastuta dUtakAvya ke racayitA zrI kRSNanAtha nyAya paJcAnana hai| vAtadUta kA samaya vi. saM. 1922 hai| isa kAvya kI kathA rAmAyaNa se sambaddha hai| rAvaNa daNDAkaraNya meM paJcavaTI se sItAjI ko hara kara laMkA le jAtA hai| vahA~ azoka vATikA me ThaharA detA hai pativiyoga me sItAjI kA hRdaya vyAkula rahatA hai| vasanta Rtu meM zItala vAyu ke sukhada sparza se kucha zAnti kA anubhava karatI hai| anta me vAyu ko dUta banAkara usake sAtha zrI rAmacandra jI tathA lakSmaNa jI ke pAsa apanA viraha sandeza bhejatI haiN| meghadUta se preraNA pAkara yaha dUta kAvya likhA gayA hai| samagra kAvya meM 100 zloka hai| jo mandAkAntA chanda meM likhe gaye haiN| kAvya meM vipralambha zRGgAra rasa hote hue bhI saMyama se kAma liyA gayA hai| bhASA kI dRSTi se kAvya kucha durUha hI hai| mAdhurya tathA prasAda guNa kI kAvya meM nyUnatA hai aura gauDI rIti kA hI kAvya meM anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNArtha- caJcaccaJca kSata zata galadrakta dhArAkulAGgaH .....--taM sNjigaay|| saMskRta ke sandeza kAvya pR. saM. 451-52

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pAnthadUta : isa sandeza kAvya kI kevala eka hI hastalikhita prati (saM. 3890) iNDiyA Aphisa lAyabrerI, landana me surakSita hai / panthadUta kA racanAkAla Adhunika kAla hai| isa dUtakAvya kI kathAvastu zrImadbhAgavata se sambaddha hai| kRSNa aura gopiyo ke prema ko hI lekara yaha kAvya likhA gayA hai| kAvya kI kathA isa prakAra hai- yamunA ke kinAre koI gopI kRSNa kI smRti me mUrchita hokara gira par3atI hai| usakI sevikAye use jala ityAdi se cetana avasthA me lAtI hai| isI avasara para mathurA kI ora jAtA huA eka pathika dikhalAI par3a jAtA hai| basa gopiyAM usI ko apanA dUta banAkara kRSNa ke pAsa apanA prema sandeza bhejatI hai| isa kAvya me viraha kA varNana thor3A hai, para kRSNa ko taraha-taraha ke upAlambha diye gaye hai| isa kAvya me pathika ko gApiyo kA dUtakalpita karake kavi ne kAvya meM kucha vAstavikatA lA dI hai| 26 hanumaddUtam :-' isa kAvya ke racayitA zrI vijJasUri vIrarAghavAcArya hai| Adhunika sandezakAvyo me isa sandeza kAvya kA eka viziSTa sthAna hai| isa kAvya me meghUdata ke pratyeka pada kI caturtha paMkti ko lekara samasyApUrti kI gaI hai| kAvya kA samaya vi. saM. 1885 hai / isa kAvya kI kathA vAlmIki rAmAyaNa se sambaddha hai| rAmacandrajI ke dvArA hanumAna jI ko sItA jI kI khoja me laMkA bhejane kI ghaTanA ke AdhAra para isa dUta kAvya kI racanA kI gaI hai| kAvya kI kathA isa prakAra hai| prasravaNa giri para sugrIva ityAdi ke sahita rAmacandra jI Thahare hue haiN| sItA jI kI khoja ke lie vibhinna dizAoM 1 2 saMskRta ke sandeza kAvya pR. saM. 461-462 lekhaka tathA prakAzaka- DA. rAmakumAra AcArya ema. e. pIeca. DI. vyAkaraNAcArya pradhyApaka, svAtakottara saMskRta vibhAga garvamenTa kAleja ajamera | AgarA vi. dvArA saM. 1957 me pI. ecaDI. kI upAdhi ke lie svIkRtazodhagrantha vahI, pR. 470 - 479

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27 me vAnaro kA dala bhejA jA rahA hai| laMkA kI ora bheje jAte hue hanumAna jI ko vizeSa balazAlI tathA kuzala dekhakara rAmacandra jI unakA vizeSa svAgata karate hai| tathA abhijJAna svarUpa apanI a~gUThI dekara unheM sItA jI ke prati diyA jAne vAlA apanA sandeza bhI sunAte haiN| maulika dUta kAvya hone ke sAtha-sAtha meghUdata kI samasyA pUrti hone ke kAraNa Adhunika saMdeza kAvya me eka viziSTa sthAna rakhatA hai| mandAkrAntA chanda hI kAvya meM prayukta hai| yaha dUta kAvya do bhAgo me baeNTA huA hai pUrva bhAga meM 68 tathA uttara bhAga meM 58 zloka haiN| kAvya me vipralambha zRGgAra rasa pradhAna hai| viSaya, bhAva tathA zailI ityAdi kI dRSTi se yaha kAvya meghadUta jaisA hai| ataH bhAvoM tathA rasa kI samAnatA ne bhI kAvya ko durUha nahI banane diyA hai| zilpa vidhAna ke dRSTikoNa se bhI yaha dUtakAvya ThIka hI hai| meghadUta kI samasyApUrti hone ke kAraNa jainetara dUtakAvyo me isa kAvya kA eka viziSTa sthAna hai| uparyukta dUtakAvyoM ke atirikta anya aura bhI dUtakAvyoM kA anya kAvyo me ullekha milatA hai jinakA saMkSipta me varNana varNakramAnusAra isa prakAra hai| 1 aniladUtam : yaha dUta kAvya kRSNa kathA para adhArita hai| kAvya meM vAyu dvArA dautya-karma sampAdita karavAyA gayA hai| isa dUtakAvya ke racayitA zrI rAmadayAla tarka ratna hai / dUta kAvya kA prathama zloka hai: zrImatkRSNe madhupuragate nirmalA kApi bAlA gopI nIlotpalanayanajAM vAridhArAM vahantI / mlAniprAptyA zazadharanibhaM dhArayantI tadAsyaM gADhaprIticyutikRtajarA nirbharaM kAtarA'bhUt / prAcya vANI mandira kalakattA kI hastalikhita granthoM kI sUcI meM draSTavya / 1

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isa dUta kAvya kI kathA isa prakAra hai ki kRSNa ke mathurA cale jAne para nirmalA nAmaka eka gopabAlA viraha se bahuta vyAkula ho uThatI hai| apanI isa viraha vyathA ko zrIkRSNa taka pahu~cAne hetu vaha vAyu ko apanA dUta banAkara apanA viraha sandeza zrI kRSNa ke pAsa bhejatI hai| kAvya pUrNa rUpa me upalabdha nahI hai, usake kucha aMza mAtra upalabdha haiN| 28 abdadUta :- ' yaha dUta kAvya rAma kathA para AdhArita hai| usake racanAkAra zrIkRSNacandra hai| kAvya aprakAzita hai| mUlaprati tAlapatra para likhita surakSita hai| kAvya meM 149 zloka hai| kathA yaha hai ki zrI rAmacandra jI sItA ke viraha me vyAkula hai aura malayaparvata para vicaraNa karate hai aura tabhI AkAza me megha ko dekhakara atyadhika virahAtura ho jAte haiM aura use apanA dUta banAkara sItA ke pAsa apanA viraha sandeza bhejate haiN| 2 amara sandeza :- isa dUta kAvya ke racanAkAra ke viSaya me kiJcinmAtra bhI jAnakArI nahIM hai| isa kAvya kA ullekha sUcIpatra para prApta huA hai| kapidUtam : :- isa kAvya ke racanAkAra ke viSaya meM kucha bhI jAnakArI prApta nahI hai| DhAkA vizvavidyAlaya ke pustakAlaya (hastalikhita grantha saM. 975 vi.) me isa kAvya kI eka khaNDita hastalikhita prati upalabdha hai| kAkadUtam :- isa dUtakAvya ke racayitA kavi zrI gauragopAla ziromaNi jI hai| kAvya kI kathA kRSNa bhakti para AdhArita hai| isa kAvya meM dautya karma ko eka kAka dvArA sampAdita karavAyA gayA hai| 1 R aprakAzita (AcArya merUtuGga kRta jaina meghUdatam (bhUmikA mUla, TIkA evaM hindI anuvAda sahita ) DA. ravizaMkara mizra / zrI jIvAnanda sAgara dvArA unake kAvya saMgraha ke prathama bhAga ke tRtIya saMskRraNa meM san 1888 meM kalakattA se prakAzita DA. jona hebAlina dvArA unake kAvya saMgraha 1847 meM kalakattA meM prkaashit|

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29 isa dUtakAvya kI kathA isa prakAra hai ki rAdhA kRSNa ke viyoga meM bahuta vyAkula ho uThatI hai / ataH kAka ko apanA dUta banAkara (usake dvArA apanAviraha sandeza zrI kRSNa ke pAsa pahu~cAtI haiN| kAvya kA racanAkAla zaka saM. 1811 hai| kAvya bahuta hI sundara hai| kAvya sauSThava kI dRSTi se kAvya pUrNatA ko prApta hai / kavi ne apanI nipuNatA kA pUrA samAyojana kiyA hai| kAka darzanoparAnta zrI rAdhA ke mana meM do taraha kI bhAvanAe~ utpanna hone lagatA hai ki yA to yaha kAka merA upakAra hI karegA yA phira apakAra arthAta nAza hI kregaa| kAka me yaha donoM zubha aura azubha sUcaka bhAva sanniviSTa hai / yathA kAkodaro yAdRza eva jantoH kAkadhvajo vA jalasambhavasya / kAkolarUpaH kimu nAzako'tra kAko'yamAgAnmama sannidhAne / / isa dUtakAvya me aneka chando kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kAkadUtam : isa kAvya ke racayitA ke viSaya meM kucha bhI jJAna nahIM hai| mAtra 'sahRdaya' nAmaka mAsika patrikA ke aMka me isa kAvya kA ullekha milatA hai| 2 : kAkadUtam isa kAvya ke racanAkAra ke viSaya meM bhI jJAta kucha nahI hai| isameM kArAgAra me par3A eka brAhmaNa kAka ke dvArA apanI preyasI kAdambarI ke pAsa apanA sandeza bhejatA hai / yaha eka vyaMgyaparaka dUtakAvya hai| samAja ko naitikatA kI zikSA dene ke vicAra se racA gayA hai| baMgIyadUtakAvyetihAsa DA. je. bI. caudharI pra. 97 saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa - kRSNamAcAriyara, pR. saM. 365

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1 kIdUtam yaha dUtakAvya zrI kRSNa kI kathA para adhArita hai / yaha zrI rAmagopAla dvArA racA gayA hai| isameM dUta sampreSaNa kA kArya eka kIra arthAt zuka ke mAdhyama se karavAyA jAtA hai| zrI kRSNa se vRndAvana cale jAne para gopiyA~ unake viyoga me bahuta vyAkula hai aura apanI viraha vyathA kA sandeza eka kIra ke mAdhyama se zrI kRSNa taka pahu~cAtI hai| kAvya me 104 zloka hai| kAvya adyAvadhi aprakAzita hai| kIradUtam :-' yaha dUtakAvya vedAntadezika ke putra varadAcArya dvArA racA gayA hai| kIradUta kAvya aprApta hai / parantu maisUra kI gurU paramparA me isakA ullekha milatA hai| 3 kokiladUtam :- kRSNa bhakti ko lekara prastuta yaha dUtakAvya kavi zrI haridAsa jI dvArA racA gayA hai| kAvya kA racanAkAla zaka saM. 1777 hai| kAvya meM 100 zloka hai| kAvya mandAkrAntA me racA gayA hai| dUtakAvya kI kathAvastu nimna prakAra hai:- zrI rAdhA ke hRdaya me virahavyathA ati mArmikatA se samAviSTa ho cukI thI, kyoki unake priyatama zrIkRSNa unheM chor3akara mathurA ko cale gaye the| phalataH mana ko zAnta karane ke uddezya se rAdhA eka kokila ko hI apane priyatama ke pAsa sandeza dekara bhejatI hai| isa kAvya meM kavi kI nipuNatA pUrNa rUpa se pratibhAsita hotI hai / 30 kokilasandeza :- * dUtakAvya paramparA meM apane nAma kA yaha dUsarA dUta kAvya hai| isa kAvya kI racanA zrI narasiMha kavi ne kI hai| isakI kathA 1 2 Y zrI hariprasAda zAstrI dvArA saMkalita saMskRta hastalikhita grantho kI sUcI ke bhAga 1, pR. 39, saMkhyA 67 para draSTavya saMskRta ke sandeza kAvya- rAmakumAra AcArya pariziSTa 2 / kAlidAsa kI maNimAlA vyAkhyAsahita sudhAmaya pramANita dvArA kalakattA se baMgIya saM. 1391 meM prakAzita / adhAra pustakAlaya ke hastalikhita sUcIpatra ke dvitIya bhAga me

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isa prakAra hai ki eka kAmapIr3ita nAyaka apanI nAyikA ke pAsa apanA viraha sandeza kokila ke mAdhyama se bhejatA hai| isa prakAra isameM sandeza sampreSaNa kA kArya eka kokila ke mAdhyama se karavAyA gayA hai| 31 - kokilasandeza :- isa dUta kAvya ke pUrva isI nAma ke tIna aura dUtakAvya mile hai| isa dUtakAvya ke kAvyakAra zrI vekaTAcArya jI hai| isame bhI eka nAyaka apanI virahiNI nAyikA ke pAsa apanA sandeza eka kokila ke mAdhyama se bhejatA hai| kokila sandeza :-' isa dUtakAvya ke racanAkAra vedAntadezika ke putra zrI varadAcArya jI haiN| yaha dUtakAvya, isa kAvya paramparA meM apane nAma ke hI anya kAvyoM meM paJcama hai| isameM bhI kokila ke mAdhyama se eka virahI apanI virahiNI ke pAsa apanA viraha sandeza bhejatA hai / isa dUtakAvya kA ullekha maisUra kI gurU paramparA meM milatA hai| 2 kokilasandeza :- zrI guNavardhana dvArA praNIta yaha dUtakAvya isa paramparA kA SaSTham dUtakAvya hai| isame bhI sandeza kA sampreSaNa kArya koyala dvArA karavAyA gayA hai| 1 3 kRSNadUtam :- isa dUtakAvya ke racanAkAra zrI nRsiMha kavi jI hai| kAvya meM kRSNa ko dUta ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| isa dUtakAvya kA mAtra ullekha milatA hai abhI kAvya prakAzita nahIM ho pAyA hai| DablU epha. guNavardhana nyUyArka dvArA smpaadit| sIlona aiNTikverI, bhAga 4 pR. 111 para draSTavya, aprakAzita aDyAra pustakAlaya kI hastalikhita saMskRta granthoM kI sUcI ke bhAga 2 saMkhyA 4 para drssttvy|

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garUr3a sandeza :- apane nAma kA yaha dUsarA dUtakAvya zrI nRsiMhAcArya dvArA praNIta hai| jo ki tirUpati sthAna ke haiN| isa kAvya ke bAre me koI bhI anya sAmagrI nahI prApta hotI hai| gopIdUtam :-' yaha dUtakAvya kRSNa kathA para AdhArita hai| isa kAvya ke racanAkAra zrI lambodara vaidya jI hai| isa kAvya meM gopikAoM ne dhUli ke mAdhyama se zrIkRSNa ke pAsa sandeza bhejA hai| kAvya kA nAmakaraNa dUta para AdhArita na hokara dUta sampreSaNa kartA ke nAma para AdhArita hai| kathA kucha isa prakAra hai ki mathurA cale jAne para gopiyA~ zrIkRSNa ke viyoga me vyAkula ho utthii| mathurA jAte samaya gopiyoM ne zrIkRSNa kA anugamana bhI kiyA para niSphala hokara vApasa A gyiiN| usa samaya zrIkRSNa ke ratha se ur3atI huI dhUli ko dekha una gopiyo ne usI dhUli ko hI apanA dUta banAkara zrIkRSNa ke pAsa bhejakara apanA sandeza bhejA yathA gate gopInAthe madhupuramitau gopabhavanAd gatA yAvaddhUlI rathacaraNajA netrapadavIm / sthitAstAvallekhyA iva virahato duHkhavidhurA nivRttA niSpetuH pathiSu zatazo gopavanitAH / / 1 -- ghaTakharparakAvyam :-' saMskRta ke dUtakAvyoM me isa kAvya kA sthAna sarvaprathama hai| yaha dUtakAvya megha sandeza se bhI pahale kA likhA huA hai| 2 32 kAvya saMgraha : jIvAnanda vidyAsAgara jilda 3, pR. 507-530, kalakattA 1888 aprakAzita | pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA 51 -saMpAdaka DA. sAgaramala jaina AcArya merutuGga kRta jainameghadUtam bhUmikA, mUlaTIkA evaM hindI anuvAda sahita pR. saM. 40

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kathAvastu bhI lagabhaga meghUdata ke hI samAna hai| yadyapi nAma evaM svarUpa se yaha kAvya eka sandeza kAvya sadRza nahIM pratIta hotA, para vastutaH yaha kAvya bhI eka sandeza kAvya hI hai| mAtra 22 zloka ke isa atilaghukAya kAvya me vibhinna sumadhura karNapriya chandoM ko prayukta kara kavi ne isa kAvya ko eka saphala sandezakAvya kA svarUpa pradAna kara diyA hai| mahAkAvyo tathA meghadUtakAvya ke madhya me bhAvapakSa evaM kalApakSa ina dono dRSTiyo se yaha kAvya eka antarima zrRMkhalA kA kArya karatA hai| isa prakAra saMskRta ke sandezakAvyo ke vikAsa ke itihAsa me isa ghaTakharpara kAvya ke mahatva ko asvIkRta nahI kiyA jA sakatA hai| eka pustaka meM 'ghaTakharparakAvyam' na likhakara 'ghaTakapara' nAma kA kAvya milatA hai, jisame 21 padyoM kA choTA se saMgraha hai| isa dUtakAvya me varSAkAla ke prArambha me eka viyoginI dvArA apane priyatama ke pAsa bheje gaye sandeza kA varNana hai| isameM kavi ne yamaka ke viSaya me garvokti kI hai:- jIyeya yena kavinA yamakaiH pareNa tasmai vaheyamudakaM ghttkprenn| yamaka ke camatkAra ke atirikta ghaTakarpara eka sAdhAraNa koTi kI racanA hai| zailI kI kRtrimatA aura zAbdika ADambara kA Agraha ise kAlidAsa ke bAda kI racanA siddha karate hai| lekina jAkobI kA anumAna hai ki yaha meghadUta se pahale kI racanA hai kyoki yadi bAda me likhA gayA hotA to lekhaka ko garvokti karane kA sAhasa nahIM hotaa| parantu yaha kathana sarvathA nirAdhAra hai| isa kAvya kI zailI aura zabdoM kA prayoga ise kAlidAsa ke 'meghadUtama' se bAda kI racanA siddha karate haiN| candradUtam :-' dUtakAvya kI paramparA meM yaha apane nAma kA dUsarA dUtakAvya hai| isa kAvya ke kAvyakAra jambUkavi zrI vinayaprabhu jI haiN| isa ___ saMskRta gItakAvya kA vikAsa-DA. paramAnanda zAstrI DA. je. bI. caudharI dvArA san 1941 meM kalakattA se prakAzita (pArzvanAtha

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34 kAvya me bhI candra ke mAdhyama se hI dautyakarma sampAdita karavAyA gayA hai| kAvya ati laghu hai| isa dUtakAvya meM mAtra 23 zloka hai bhASA bahuta parimArjita hai| isame mAlinI chanda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kAvya laghu hote hue bhI atyanta ramaNIya hai| jhaMjhAvAta :- isa dUta kAvya kI racanA rASTrIya bhAvanA ko lekara kI gaI hai| racanAkAra zrutidevazAstrI hai| isa kAvya kI racanA san 1942 me hone vAle Andolana ke samaya huI thii| kAvya meM jhaMjhAvAta ko rokakara use dUta banAkara isake dvArA apanA sandeza- sampreSaNa kiyA gayA hai| netA jI subhASa candrabosa isa kAvya ke nAyaka hai| tathA unhone dvitIya mahAyuddha ke daurAna bArlina me rahakara bhAratIya svatantratA ko prApta karane me apanA saMgharSa jArI rakhA thaa| usI samaya netA jI ne eka dina rAtri meM uttara kI ora se Ate hue jhaMjhAvAta ko rokakara usI ke dvArA bhArata kI janatA ko apanA sandeza sampreSita kiyA hai| tulasIdUtam :-' isa dUtakAvya ke racanAkAra trilocana kavi haiN| yaha dUtakAvya kRSNa kathA para AdhArita hai| jaisA ki isa kAvya ke nAma se hI spaSTa hai ki isame tulasI vRkSa dvArA dautyakarma sampAdita karavAyA gayA hai| kAvya meM kula 55 zloka hai| kAvya kA racanAkAla zaka saMvata 1630 hai| kAvya kI kathA isa prakAra hai ki koI eka gopI zrIkRSNa ke viraha se saMtapta hokara vRndAvana meM praveza karatI hai| vahA~ eka tulasI ke vRkSa ko dekhakara atyadhika duHkha santapta ho jAtI hai aura usI dvArA apanA sandeza zrIkRSNa vidyAzrama granthamAlA 5 saMpAdaka sAgara mala jaina A. merUtuGga kRta jaina meghadUtam ( bhUmikA mUla TIkA hindI anuvAda sahita DA. ravizaMkara mizra pR. saM. 42-43 saMskRta sAhitya pariSad kalakattA ke pustakAlaya meM pANDulipi uplbdh| prAcya vANI mandira, kalakattA ke grantha sUcI patra ke grantha saMkhyA 137 meM draSTavya / aprakAzita

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ke pAsa bhejatI hai| kavi ne apanI bhAvanAoM ko kAvya meM mUrtarUpa de diyA hai| isalie kAvya atyadhika camatkArapUrNa bana gayA hai| tulasIdUtam :-' kavi zrI vaidyanAtha dvArA praNIta eka aura tulasIdUtam nAmaka dUta kAvya milatA hai| isakA racanA kAla zaka saMvata 1706 nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai| isa kAvya ko dekhane se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha kAvya prathama tulasIdUtam kAvya ke pUre-pUre anukaraNa para likhA gayA hai| donoM kAvyoM kI bhASA zailI racanA vaiziSTya saba samAna hai| kevala kAvyakAra aura racanAkAla se ina dono kAvyo kI bhinnatA jJAta hotI hai| kAvya bahuta sundara hai para isakA abhI taka pUrNAza upalabdha nahIM ho pAyA hai| dAtyUhasandeza :-' isa sandezakAvya ke bAre meM kucha bhI adhika jAnakArI nahI prApta hai| kAvya ke racayitA zrInarAyaNa kavi haiN| dUtavAkyam :- dUtakAvya paramparA meM AdikAvya 'rAmAyaNa' ke bAda bhI bhAsa racita isa dUtakAvya kI hI gaNanA hai| kAvya kI kathA vipralambha zRGgAra para AdhArita na hokara rAjanIti se sambandhita hai| yudhiSThira ke dUta zrI kRSNa duryodhana ke darabAra meM sandhiprastAva hetu jAte haiN| lekina duryodhana ise nahIM svIkAra karatA hai, pratyuta unhe apamAnita karatA hai| ataH zrIkRSNa use vinAza evaM mahAbhArata saMgrAma kI pUrva sUcanA dekara vApasa cale Ate haiN| kAvya bahuta sundara hai|' prAcya vANI mandira kalakattA ke grantha saMkhyA 137 ke rUpa meM drssttvy| aprakAzita (A. merUtuGgakRta jaina meghadUtam bhUmikA mUla TIkA hindI anuvAda Adi-DA. ravizaMkara mizra pR. saM. 43 / trAvanakora kI saMskRta hastalikhita granthasUcI kI grantha saM. 195 para draSTavya aprkaashit| prakAzita hai pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama grantha mAlA 51 saMpAdaka-DA. sAgarama

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dUtaghaTotkaca :-' dUtavAkyam ke racayitA zrI bhAsa hI isa dUtakAvya ke bhI racanAkAra hai| isameM bhI kathA prasaMga rAjanIti se prerita hai, zRGgAra para AdhArita nhii| mahAbhArata kA yuddha jaba avazyambhAvI ho jAtA hai taba zrI kRSNa ghaTotkaca ko dUta banAkara duryodhana ke pAsa bhejate haiN| gayA vaha vahA~ pahu~cakara vinAza kI sthiti se duryodhana ko avagata karAte hai, para duryodhana kucha nahIM sunatA hai| taba ghaTotkaca Adi bhI yuddha hetu taiyAra hote haiN| kAvya bahuta acchA hai| devadUtam :-' isa dUta kAvya ke kartA ke viSaya meM kiMcadapi jAnakArI nahI hai| parantu yaha kAvya hindI grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya se prakAzita Adhunika dUtakAvyo me ullekhita hai| ____nalacampU :-' anyadUtakAvyo kI bhA~ti isa dUtakAvya kI kathA rAmabhakti yA kRSNabhakti para AdhArita na hokara paurANika kathA para adhArita hai| puNyazloka nala kI kathA isa dUtakAvya me varNita hai| kAvya ke racayitA zrI trivikramabhaTTajI hai| kAla nirdhAraNa meM kucha mata vaibhinnya avazya hai para prApta sUtro ke AdhAra para I. san 915 me isa kAvya grantha kI racanA svIkRta huI kAvya meM nala evaM damayantI kI premakathA varNita hai| kAvya meM dUta sampreSaNa kI jhalaka eka hI sthAna para nahIM, pratyuta aneka sthaloM para milatI hai| haMsa eka pakSI vizeSa kAvya ke nAyaka evaM nAyikA hai jo donoM kA dUta AcArya merUtuGga kRta jainameghUdatam (bhUmikA mUla TIkA evaM hindI anuvAda sahita-DA. ravizaMkara mizra pR. saM. prakAzita (vahIM uddhRta hai pR. saM. 44) prakAzita (vahIM uddhRta hai pR. saM. 45) prakAzita (A. merUtuGga kRta jaiga meghadUtam bhUmikA, mUla TIkA evaM hindI anuvAda sahita-DA. ravi zaMkara mizra pR. saM. 45)

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banakara, una dono ke sandeza ko eka dUsare ke pAsa phuNcaataa| hai vahIM nala devatAo kA dUta banakara unake sandeza ko apanI priyA tathA kAvya kI nAyikA damayantI ke pAsa taka pahuMcAtA hai| kAvya bahuta hI vicitra hai| kAvya meM sAta ucchavAsa hai| jinameM saba milAkara 377 zloka hai| kAvya apUrNa hai| isa viSaya me racanAkAra ke prati eka kathA milatI hai ki eka bAra unhe rAjapaNDita pitA jI kI anupasthiti meM eka anya paNDita se zAstrArtha meM vijaya hetu vAgdevI se vara milaa| ki isa prakAra yaha kAvya adhUrA hI raha gyaa| apUrNa hone para yaha kAvya apane Apa me adbhUta hai| padmadUtam:- rAma kathA para AdhArita yaha dUtakAvya zrI siddhanAtha vidyAvAgIza dvArA praNIta hai| kAvya meM eka padya arthAt kamala ko dUta banAyA gayA hai| sAgara para pula bA~dhane hetu zrIrAma sAgara taTa para pahuMcate hai| sItAjI azoka vATikA me thii| yaha samAcAra sItAjI ko milatA haiM ki zrI rAmacandra sAgara taTa para pula bA~dhane hetu Aye haiN| isa samAcAra ko jAnane ke pazcAt sItA jI ke hRdaya meM tIvra milanotkaNThA utpanna hotI hai| para dUra hone ke - kAraNa yaha asambhava thaa| isalie azoka vATikA meM vidyamAna eka kaMmalapuSpa ko dekhakara usI ke mAdhyama se apanA viraha sandeza zrI rAma ke pAsa bhejatI hai| isa dUta kAvya meM kula 62 zloka haiN| niSkarSataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki prastuta kAvya eka pUrNa dUtakAvya ke rUpa meM apanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA padAGkadUtam-' kavi bholAnAtha dvArA yaha dUtakAvya racita hai| pUrva ke dUtakAvya kI bhA~ti isa dUta kAvya meM bhI padacihna ko hI, dUta ke rUpa meM vikrama saMvata 1225 meM kalakattA se prakAzita tathA iNDiyA Aphisa pustakAlaya ke kaiTalAga me pR. 1826 para draSTavya / iNDiyA Aphisa lAibrerI, keTalAga bhAga 6 grantha saM. 1467 aprakAzita

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niyukta kiyA gayA hai| kAvya abhI aprakAzita hai| mAtra sUcIpatra meM ullekhita pavanadUtam:-' isa dUtakAvya kI racanA zrI je. bI. padmanAbha ne kI hai isameM bhI pavana ko hI dUta rUpa meM nizcita kiyA gayA hai| pikadUtam:-' yaha dUtakAvya ambikAcaraNadeva zarmA dvArA praNIta hai| kAvya meM sandeza hAraka kA kArya pika dvArA hI sampAdita karavAyA gayA hai| kAvya kA sampUrNa bhAga upalabdha nahIM hai| kAvya kA kucha aMza hI prApta hai| isa kAvya me koI gopakAntA zrIkRSNa ke viyoga me vyAkula hai| parantu vaha koyala kI AvAja sunatI hai to prasanna ho jAtI haiM aura vaha koyala dvArA apanA sumadhura sandeza zrI kRSNa ke pAsa pahu~cAtI hai| pikadUtam:-' eka aura pikadUtam nAmaka kAvya milatA hai| isake racayitA ke viSaya meM jJAna nahIM hai phira bhI kAvya atyuttama hai| pika ko hI dUta banAkara isa kAvya kI racanA kI gaI hai| pikasandeza:- isa kAvya ke racayitA zrI raMganAthAcArya jI hai| isa kAvya me bhI eka pika ko dUta ke rUpa meM niyukta kara isake dvArA sandeza kathana kiyA gayA hai| kAvya prakAzita hai| plavaGgadUtam:-' saMskRta dUtakAvya paramparA kA yaha atyAdhunika dUtakAvya hai| isake racayitA pro. vanezvara pAThaka hai, jo rA~cI vizvavidyAlaya meM prophesara ke pada para adhiSThita hai| isa kAvya meM eka plavaGga ke dvArA dautya saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kRSNamAcAriyara, pR. 275 prAcya vANI mandira, kalakattA meM kAvya ke kucha aMza upalabdha hai (aprakAzita) zrI cintAharaNa cakravartI kalakattA ke vyaktigata pustakAlaya meM pANDulipi upalabdha haiM, (aprakAzita) subodha granthamAlA kAryAlaya, rAMcI dvArA prakAzita

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karma sampAdita karavAyA gyaa| isame do niHzvAsa hai pUrva niHzvAsa aura uttara nishvaas| isa dUta kAvya me koI bhAratIya vyakti naukarI karane ke lie apanI patnI ke sAtha pezAvara jAtA hai| vahA~ eka sarakArI naukarI karane lagatA hai| pezAvara ke nikaTa jAvaroda gA~va meM usakA choTA sA sundara makAna thA jisakI dIvAro para rAma-rAma nAma aMkita thaa| ataH vaha zrI rAma kA bhakta thaa| eka bAra use sarakArI kAma se vArANasI AnA par3atA hai| isI bIca pAkistAna aura bhArata me yuddha chir3a jAtA hai| aura vaha pAkistAna lauTane meM asamartha hokara apanI patnI-viyoga ke dino ko atyadhika kaSTa se vyatIta karane lagatA hai| cintA se vyathita hokara vizvanAtha mandira AtA hai| vahA~ maNDapa me bhakto ke sAtha zrIrAmacandra kI kathA sunatA hai| usa kathA prasaMga meM jaba vaha rAma dvArA sItA ke pAsa hanumAna se bheje gaye sandeza kI bAta vaha sunatA hai to use bhI apanI patnI kA smaraNa ho jAtA aura vaha smaraNa kara dhyAnamagna ho jAtA hai| A~khe khulane para vaha sAmane plavaGga (vAnara) ko dekhatA hai| plavaGga ko dekhakara vaha prasanna ho jAtA hai aura usakA satkAra karatA hai| usa plavaGga se apanI priyA ke pAsa sandeza pahu~cAne kI prArthanA karatA hai| isake sAtha hI vaha pAkistAna Ane vAle mArga ko vistAra se batAtA hai tathA usa gantapya mArga meM jitane bhI dhArmika aitihAsika sthala aura vyakti haiM unakA darzana karane kI bhI usase prArthanA karatA hai| dvitIya niHzvAsa me vaha bhAratIya vyakti dUta bane plavaMga yA bandara se apanI patnI ke virahI rUpa tathA usakI manodazA kA bhI varNana karatA hai| isaprakAra vaha plavaGga usakI prArthanA ko svIkAra karatA hai aura vaha pAkistAna jAne ko taiyAra ho jAtA hai| tabhI rAma kI kathA samApta ho jAtI hai aura bhaktoM ko dekhakara vaha plavaGga vahA~ se bhAga jAtA hai| jaba bhaktoM kI jayakAra sunakara pravAsI kA dhyAna TUTatA hai to vaha bahuta duHkhita ho jAtA hai| vaha atyanta khinna mana se apane sthAna para vApasa A jAtA hai| parantu usakI

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vikalatA bar3hatI jAtI hai| ataH aba vaha apane mana ke bhAvoM ko saMskRta padyo me nivaddha kara patnI ke nAma se dillI mantraNAlaya meM bhejatA hai| usake isa patra ko pararASTra mantrI pAkara usakI patnI kA patA lagAtA hai| tabhI dono dezo ke logo kA apane-apane deza meM pratyAvartana hotA hai| pravAsI tathA usakI patnI bhArata rahanA svIkAra karate hai| isalie bhArata sarakAra usakI patnI ko kAzI pahuMcA detI hai| vaha pravAsI apane klezoM ko bhUlakara harSa kA anubhava karatA hai| kAvya ke pUrva niHzvAsa meM 80 tathA uttara ni5zvAsa meM 24 zloka hai| kAvya atyAdhika rocaka hai| meghasandeza vimarza:-' kRSNamAcArya dvArA yaha dUtakAvya racA gayA hai| kAlidAsa ke meghUdata kA paravartI kAvya sAhitya para kitanA prabhAva pdd'aa| prastuta kAvya isa prabhAva kA spaSTa paricAyaka hai| buddhisandeza:- yaha eka Adhunika prakAzita racanA hai isake racayitA subrahmaNya sUri jI hai| isa dUta kAvya me buddhi dvArA sandeza sampreSita kiyA gayA hai| bhaktidUtam:-' mAtra zRGgArika kAvya ke rUpa meM yaha kAvya racA gayA hai| kAvya ke racanAkAra zrI kAlicaraNa hai| kAvya kA kathAnaka rAma va kRSNa bhakti para AdhArita na hokara svayaM kAvyakAra ke hI jIvana se sambandhita hai| kavi kAlIcaraNa kI priyatamA mukti apane priyatama se viyukta thii| isIlie mukti ke prati kavi ne bhakti-dUtI mukha se apanA sandeza bhejA hai| kAvya meM kula 23 zloka hai| isa prakAra kAvya atilaghu hote hue bhI sundara hai| saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa vAcaspati gairolAsaMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kRSNamAcariyara pR. saM. 380 pairA 352 zrI Ara. ela mitra ke saMskRta ke hastalikhita granthoM kI sUcI ke bhAga 3, saMkhyA 1051 pR. 27 para draSTavya (aprakAzita)

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bhramara sandeza:-' dakSiNa bhArata madrAsa ke kavi zrI mahAliGga zAstrI dvArA yaha dUtakAvya raciAta hai| kAvya kI kathA indradeva se sambandhita hai| kAvya me devarAja indra dvArA bhramara ko dUta banAkara indrANI ke pAsa apanA viraha sandeza bhejA gayA hai| bhuMga sandeza:- zrI gaMgAnanda kavi dvArA praNIta apane nAma kA yaha tIsarA dUtakAvya hai| yaha kAvya 15vI zatI ke pUrvAddha meM racA gayA hai| kAvya aprakAzita hai| isake sambandha me anya koI sUcanA nahI hai| madhukaradUtam:-' yaha dUtakAvya svatantra kathA para AdhArita hai| yaha dUtakAvya zrI rAja gopAla dvArA praNIta hai| kavi seNTrala kAleja baMgalaura meM san 1922 se 1934 taka saMskRta vibhAgAdhyakSa the| madhuroSThasandeza:-* isa dUtakAvya kA hastalikhita grantha sUcI meM mAtra ullekha hai| para isake zIrSaka se spaSTa hotA hai ki isame nAyaka-nAyikA ke prati dUta sampreSaNa kA mAdhyama koI sundara madhuroSTha rahA hai| manodUtam:- yaha dUtakAvya zrI rAma zarmA dvArA racita hai| sampUrNa kAvya zikhariNI chanda me nibaddha hai| yaha dUtakAvya sandeza pAne vAle evam bhejane vAle kI ukti prokti, rUpa meM prApta hotA hai| viSaya vibhAga hetu pariccheda zabda kA prayoga milatA hai| kAvya zArdUlavikrIDita chanda meM prApta hai| kAvya kI racanA bhAgavata tathA purANa kI kathA para AdhArita hai| isa prakAra manodUtam para trivendrama saMskRta sIrija se saM. 128 ke rUpa meM saMvat 1937 meM prakAzita saMskRta ke sandeza kAvya-rAmakumAra AcArya pariziSTa 2, aprakAzita saMskRta ke sandezakAvya, rAmakumAra AcArya pariziSTa 2 aprakAzita oriyaNTala lAibrerI, maisUra kA saMskRta hastalikhita granthoM kA sUcIpatra grantha saM. 251 para draSTavya aprakAzita

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bhakti rasa para AdhArita hai| isa prakAra manodUtam para bhakti rasa AdhArita eka saphala dUtakAvya hai|' manodUtam:- kisI ajJAtanAma kavi dvArA yaha dUtakAvya racA gayA hai| samAnyataH isame dArzanika tattva adhika samAviSTa haiM, kyoki kAvya me AtmA aura jIva kA sambandha dikhalAyA hai| __ manodUtam:-' yaha dUtakAvya bhaTTa harihara ke hRdayadUtam ke sAtha prakAzita ho cukA hai| isa kAvya kI racanA indireza ne kI hai| manodUtam:-* vikrama saMvata 1963 meM zrI bhagavaddatta nAmaka kavi ne mAtra 16-17 varSa kI laghutara avasthA me hI isa dUtakAvya kI racanA kI hai| isameM 114 zloka hai| yaha kAvya kavi kI kavitvazakti va vismayakAraka medhA kA spaSTa paricAyaka hai| __ mayUkhadUtam:-* isa dUtakAvya ke racayitA mAravAr3I kAleja raoNcI ke saMskRta ke vibhAgAdhyakSa pro. rAmAzISa pANDeya hai| yaha kRti bhI dUtakAvya paramparA kI atyAdhunika kRti hai| kAvya meM 111 mandAkrAntA zloka hai| isa dUtakAvya meM paTanA ke eka anusandhAtA chAtra ne iglaiDa meM apanI preyasI ke pAsa mayUkha (ravi kiraNa) ko dUta ke rUpa me preSita kiyA hai| isa dUtakAvya me paTanA se iglaiDa taka ke mahattvapUrNa sthaloM kA bhI varNana huA hai| baMgIya sAhitya pariSad kalakattA dvArA san 1937 meM prakAzita tathA "hRdayadUta" ke sAtha prakAzita, prakAzana cunnI lAla bukaselara, bar3Amandira, bhUlezvara, bambaI radhunAtha mandira pustakAlaya, kazmIra ke likhita granthoM kI sUcI patra pR. 160 aura 286 aprkaashit| cunnI lAla bukaselara, bar3A mandira, bhUlezvara, bambaI se prakAzita jainasiddhAnta bhAskara (1936 I.) bhAga 3 kiraNa pR. 36 / aprakAzita zyAma prakAzana nAlandA (bihAra) se I. 1974 meM prkaashit|

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mayUra sandeza:-' yaha dUtakAvya zrIraMgAcArya dvArA praNIta hai| isa kAvya me dUta sampreSaNa kA mAdhyama mayUra ko banAyA gayA hai| rAma yA kRSNa kathA para AdhArita na hokara kAvya kI kathA svatantra hai| mayUra sandeza:-' isa tRtIya mayUra sandeza ke racanAkAra zrI nivAsAcArya jI hai| eka svatantra kathA ko lekara isa kAvya kA bhI racanA kI gaI hai| kAvya bahuta sundara hai| mayUra sandeza:-' kisI ajJAta kavi dvArA racita isa dUtakAvya kA grantha bhaNDAroM kI sUciyo meM mAtra ullekha hI hai| eka svatantra kathA para hI yaha dUtakAvya bhI AdhArita hai| ____ mAnasa sandeza:-* apane antarmana ko dUta banAkara isa dUtakAvya me sandeza sampreSaNa sampAdita huA hai| kAvya ke racanAkAra zrI vIra rAghavAcArya haiN| jinakA kAla san 1855 se 1920 taka kA hai| yaha eka Adhunika dUtakAvya ke rUpa me dekhA jAtA hai| mAnasa sandeza:- sana 1959 se 1919 I. ke bIca meM isa dUtakAvya kI zrI lakSmaNa sUri jI ne racanA kI hai| isa dUtakAvya ke racanAkAra pacayappA kAleja, madrAsa meM saMskRta ke prophesara the| inake aneka grantha madrAsa se mudrita bhI ho cuke hai| aDyAra pustakAlaya ke hastalikhita granthoM ke sUcIpatra bhAga 2 se. 8 / madrAsa se prakAzita oriyaNTala lAibrerI, madrAsa ke hastalikhita saMskRta granthoM kI sUcIpatra ke bhAga 4 meM grantha saM. 4298 para draSTavya, aprkaashit| oriyaNTala hastalikhita pustakAlaya, madrAsa ke grantha saM. 2964 para draSTavya aprkaashit| saMskRta ke sandeza kAvya rAmakumArA AcArya pariziSTa aprakAzita

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mArUta sandeza:-' kisI eka ajJAtanAmA kavi dvArA racita isa dUtakAvya me mArUta dvArA sandeza sampreSaNa sampanna karavAyA gayA hai| kAvya prakAzita nahIM ho pAyA hai| ___ mitradUtam:-' dUta kAvya paramparA ke sabase Adhunika dUta kAvya ke rUpa me yaha mitra dUtam dUtakAvya prApta hotA hai| isa navIna dUtakAvya ke racanAkAra raoNcI vizvavidyAlaya ke saMskRta vibhAgAdhyakSa pro. dinezacandra pANDeya meghadUta se hI preraNA lekara isa navIna dUtakAvya kI racanA huI hai| rA~cI vizvavidyAlaya kA eka chAtra apanI eka sahapAThinI cArUdevI se prema karane lagatA hai aura vaha dhIre-dhIre adhyayana se vaha vimukha ho jAtA hai| isa kAraNa use vizvavidyAlaya se bahiSkRta kara diyA gyaa| vaha chAtra niSkAsita ho jAne para chAtrAvAsa ke nikaTa hI eka mandira meM rahane lagatA hai| vaha apanI premikA ke viyoga meM apane dila ko bahalAne ke lie usI sthAna para jAkara bhaTakatA rahatA hai, jahA~ kabhI dono eka sAtha bhramaNa karate the| eka dina vahI kalpanAloka meM vicaraNa karate-karate apanI preyasI ke dhyAna magna thA tabhI acAnaka dhyAna TUTane para apane sAmane eka mitra ko dekhatA hai| usI se apanI priyA ke pAsa sandeza bhejatA hai| mArga kA varNana bhI Adhunika hai| sandeza atizIghra pahu~cAne ke lie apane mitra ko vAyayAna se jAne ko kahatA hai| kyoMki usakI priyA parIkSA uttIrNa karane ke pazcAta rA~cI se kazmIra calI gayI hai| ataH rA~cI se kazmIra taka kA yAtrA varNana hai| kAvya meM 97 zloka haiN| navIna zabdoM kA prayoga haiN| vyAkaraNAtmaka truTiyA~ bhI nahIM milatI haiN| naitika tathA adhyAtmika upadeza bhI kAvya meM saMskRta ke sandaza kAvya raamkumaar| AcArya pariziSTa 2 aprakAzita saMskRta ke sandeza kAvya raamkumaar| AcArya pariziSTa 2 aprakAzita

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____45 milate hai| kAvya mandAkrAntA chando kA prayoga hai| kavi apanI kAvya nipuNatA pradarzanArtha prArambha me maMgalAcaraNa svarUpa ekAkSara evaM dvayakSarAtmaka tIsa zloka diye hai| kAvya kA sampUrNa aMza nahI upalabdha hai phira bhI kAvya advitIya hai| meghaprati sandeza':- dakSiNa bhArata ke Adhunika kavi zrI mandikala rAma zAstrI dvArA yaha dUtakAvya racA gayA hai| san 1923 I0 ke lagabhaga inhoMne isa dUtakAvya kI racanA kI hai| yakSa ke sandeza ko lekara megha alakApurI pahuMcatA hai| vahA~ vaha yakSa kI priyA ko yakSa kA sandeza sunAtA hai priya ke sandeza ko sunakara use viraha vyathA ke kAraNa ati vedanA hotI hai| ataH hAtha ke sahAre se kisI prakAra uThakara dhIre-dhIre vaha megha se vartAlApa karatI hai tathA yakSa ke pAsa apanA prati sandeza le jAne kI prArthanA karatI hai| isa kAvya meM megha dvArA yakSa ke sandeza ko sunakara apanI priyA megha ke hI dvArA yakSa ke pAsa apanA prati sandeza bhejatI hai| ataH isa kAvya kA nAma meghaprati sandeza ucita hI hai| kAvya ke prathama sarga meM 68 evaM dvitIya sarga 96 zloka hai| mandAkrAntA chanda bhI prayukta huA hai| isa prakAra yaha kAvya atisundara hai| yajJa milanakAvyam:- saMvat 19vIM zatI meM racA gayA yaha dUtakAvya mahAmahopadhyAya zrI paramezvara dvArA praNIta hai| inhone dharmakANDa, karma kANDa, nATaka kAvya koSa Adi vividha pakSoM para apane vicAra vyakta kiyA hai| mudgaradUtam:- paM. rAmagopAla zAstroM dvArA racita yaha dUtakAvya svatantra kathA para AdhArita eka ati manoraMjaka dUtakAvya hai| kavi ne kAvya meM mudgara arthAta gadA ko sandeza diyA hai| samAja meM phailI tamAma taraha kI bhraSTatAoM gavarnameMTa presa, maisura se san 1923 meM prakAzita saMskRta ke sandezakAvya rAmakumAra acArya, pariziSTa 2 aprakAzita

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tathA burAiyoM ko apane prahAra se Thokakara ThIka kara dene kI kathA ko sandeza kA rUpa diyA gayA hai| kAvya vyaMgyapUrNa hai| ___meghadUtam:-' vikrama kavi dvArA racita yaha dUta kAvya abhI taka anupalabdha hI hai, isakA mAtra ullekha hI upalabdha hotA hai| meghadUtam:- lakSmaNasiMhakRta yaha dUtakAvya kezavotsava smAraka saMgraha kI bhUmikA ke pRSTha 16 para ullikhita hai| meghadautyam:-' meghadUtam ke hI anukaraNa para isa dUtakAvya kI bhI racanA kI gaI hai| zrI trailokyamohana isa kAvya ke racanAkAra hai| meghUdata ke hI samAna mandAkrAntAM chanda meM hI isa kAvya kI bhI racanA huI hai| eka yakSa kisI kAraNavaza apanI priyA se virakta ho ekAnta meM jIvana yApana kara rahA thaa| priyA ke viyoga meM vyathita mana vAlA vaha yakSa, apanI priyA ke pAsa sandeza bhejane kA vicAra karatA hai| apane sAmane AkAza meM chAye medha ko dekhakara vaha usI ko apanA dUta banAkara apanI priyA ke pAsa use bhejatA hai| kAvya meM navIna zabdoM ke prayoga ke sAtha meghadUta ke bhI padoM kA prayoga milatA hai| viSayoM para aneka grantha likhe haiN| jaisA ki kAvya ke nAma se spaSTa hotA hai ki isame yakSa kA usakI preyasI ke sAtha milana varNita hai| kathAvastu meghUdata kI kathAvastu ke Age kI hai| isa kAvya me devotthAnI ekAdazI ke bAda yakSa-yakSiNI kA milana hotA hai| una donoM kI praNaya lIlAe~ bhI varNita hai| kAvya meM mAtra 35 zloka haiN| chanda mandAkrAntA hI hai| / jainagranthamAlA ke khetAmbara kAnphrensa, patrikA pR. 232 para draSTavya, aprkaashit| jainasiddhAnta bhAskara (1936 I.) bhAga 3, kiraNa 1, pR. 36, aprkaashit| jaina siddhAnta bhAskara bhAga 2 kiraNa 2 pR. 18, aprakAzita

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yajJollAsa:-' kRSNamUrti dvArA racita yaha dUtakAvya meghadUta kA paravartI kAvya sAhitya para par3e prabhAva kA paricAyaka hai| rathAGgadUtam:-* isa dUta kAvya ke racanAkAra zrIlakSmI narAyaNa hai| nAma ke AdhAra para yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki kisI ratha ke aGga ko dUta nizcita kiyA gayA hai| sUcI patra para isa kAvya kA ullekha milatA hai tathA maisUra se prakAzita bhI hai| vakadUtam-' yaha dUtakAvya mahAmahopadhyAya ajitanAtha nyAyaratna ne kI hai| isame kula 250 zloka hai anya sUtro ke AdhAra para prakaTa hotA hai ki kAvya meM vaka dvArA dautya sampreSaNa karavAyA gayA hai| yahI tathya nAma dvArA bhI spaSTa hotA hai| yaha dUtakAvya paramparA meM bilkula bhinna hai| isameM priya viyuktA madhukarI ne priyatama madhukara ke anveSaNArtha vaka ko dUta banAkara bhejA hai| vAGmaNDanaguNadUtam:-* zrI varezvara dvArA praNIta isa dUtakAvya meM kavi ne apane sUkta guNa ko dUta banAkara eka rAjA ke pAsa Azraya prApta karane hetu bhejA hai| kAvya atIva sundara hai| vAyudUtam:-" isa dUtakAvya ke kartA ke viSaya me kucha bhI jJAta nahIM hai| pro. mirAzI ne apanI pustaka meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai| viTadUtam:-' isa dUtakAvya ke bAre meM bhI koI vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM miltii| kavi kA nAma bhI ajJAta hai| kAvya kI eka prati surakSita hai| saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, vAcaspati gairolA pR. 902 aprkaashit| maisUra se prakAzita, ajyA lAibrerI ke hastalikhita saMskRta granthasUcIpatra ke bhAga 2 saM. 16 para draSTavya prAcya vANI mandira, kalakattA meM pANDulipi grantha saMgraha, saM. 143 paradraSTavya kAvya kI mUla prati lekhaka ke suputra zrI zailendranAtha bhaTTAcArya ke pAsa surakSitA ___ DA. je. bI. caudharI dvArA kalakattA se san 1941 meM prkaashit| kAlidAsa, pro. mirAzI, pR. 258 /

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viprasandeza:-' isa dUtakAvya ke racayitA mahAmahopAdhyAya zrI lakSmaNa sUri ne kI hai| isame rUkmiNI ne eka brAhmaNa ko apanA dUta banAkara zrIkRSNa ke pAsa apanA sandeza bhejA hai| viprasandeza:- yaha dUtakAvya apane nAma kA dUsarA dUtakAvya hai| yaha kaiganora nivAsI kocuni taMbirana dvArA praNIta hai| viprasandeza me eka vipra dvArA dautyakarma sampAdita karavAyA gayA hai| kisa prayojana se dUta bhejA gayA hai, isake viSaya me adhika jJAta nahI hai| kAvya kA mAtra ullekha prApta hotA hai| zyenadUtam :-* yaha kAvya zrI nArAyaNa kavi dvArA praNIta hai| kAvaya meM zyena arthAt bAja dvArA daitya karma sampAdita karavAyA gyaa| isa kAvya ke viSaya me bahuta adhika jAnakArI nahIM mila pAtI hai| zivadUtam:-' isa dUta kAvya kA bhI mAtra ullekha prApta hotA hai| isake racayitA taMjaura maNDala ke antargata maTukAberI ke nivAsI zrI nArAyaNa kavi jI hai| inhoneM kAvya aura gadya dono se sambandhita jIvana caritra likhA zukadUtam:-' yaha dUtakAvya zrI yAdavacandra dvArA racita hai| isa dUtakAvya me eka nAyikA eka zuka ke mAdhyama se apanA viraha saMdeza apane priya nAyaka ko pAsa bhejatI hai| arSa lAibrerI, vizAkhA paTTanam , aprakAzita pUrNa candrodaya presa, taMjaura se san 1906 meM prakAzita jarnala sosAdaTI Apha da rAyala eziyAtika (1900) pR. 763 evaM saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kRSNamAcAriyara, pR. 6689 pairA 727 aprkaashit| saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kRSNamAcariyara pR. 258 pairA 180, aprkaashit| vahI jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 2, kiraNa 2 pR. 64 aprkaashit|

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1 zukasandezaH - ' yaha bhI apane nAma kA dUsarA dUtakAvya hai| isameM bhI dautya kA kArya eka zuka ke mAdhyama se karavAyA gayA hai| isake racayitA dAkSiNAtya kavi kariMgamapalli nambUdarI hai| 2 zukasandeza:- zrI raMgAcArya dvArA praNIta apane nAma kA yaha tIsarA dUtakAvya hai| kathAvastu svatantra rUpa se racita hai| isameM bhI zuka dvArA sandeza sampreSaNa huA hai| 3 zukasandeza:- isa dUtakAvya ke racanAkAra vedAntadezika ke putra zrI varadAcArya hai| jaisA ki nAma se spaSTa hotA hai ki sandeza sampreSaNa kA kArya eka zuka ke dvArA hi karavAyA gayA hai| kAvya kA vizeSa ullekha nahI prApta hotA hai| 49 siddhadUtam: - * isa dUtakAvya meM kAlidAsa dvArA racita meghadUtam kI samasyApUrti bhara kI gaI hai| isake racanAkAra avadhUta rAmayogI haiN| isakA dUtakAvyaparamparA me mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| 5 subhagasandeza :- ' isa dUtakAvya ke racayitA zrI nArAyaNa kavi haiN| ye jayasiMhanAda ke rAjA rAmavarmA kI sabhA me kavi the / ataH isa dUtakAvya kA samaya 1541-1547 I. hogaa| kAvya kA kucha hI aMza prApta huA hai abhI prakAzita nahI hai| isa dUta kAvya meM 130 zloka hai| 1 2 3 5 zrI gusTava AparTa dvArA saMkalita dakSiNa bhArata ke nijI pustakAlayoM ke saMskRta hastalikhita grantha sUcI, madrAsa ke grantha saM. 2721 aura 6241 para draSTavya zrI levisa rAisa dvArA saMkalita maisUra evaM kurga ke saMskRta hastalikhita graMthoM kI sUcI, baMgalaura me grantha saM. 2250 para draSTavya aprakAzita / gurU paramparA prabhAva, maisUra (198) evaM saMskRta ke sandezakAvya rAmakumAra AcArya pariziSTa 2 aprkaashit| pATana se san 1917 meM prkaashit| jarnala oNpha rAyala eziyATika sosAyaTI (1884) pR. 440 para draSTavya /

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50 surabhisandeza:-' isa dUtakAvya ke racanAkAra Adhunika prasiddha kavi hai jinakA nAma zrI vIra valli vijaya rAghavAcArya hai| kAvya ati sundara hai| isa kAvya me Adhunika nagaroM kA varNana kiyA hai| hanumadUtam:- yaha dUta kAvya Azukavi zrI nityAnanda zAstrI dvArA praNIta hai| kAvya 19 vI zatI kA hai| isame meghadUtam ke pratyeka zloka kA caturtha paMkti kI samasyA pUrti kI gaI hai| isame 68 evaM 49 zloka hai| kAvya mndaakraantaa| chanda me racita hai| isa dUtakAvya ke 2 bhAga hai pUrva bhAga evaM uttrbhaag| isa dUtakAvya me hanumAna dvArA sItA jI kA patA lagavAyA gayA hai ataH sandeza sampreSaNa kA kArya hanumAna ne kiyA hai| isame kavi kA bhAva bahuta hI sundara hai usame maulikatA hai| isa dUtakAvya ke zloko me kucha navInatA jhalakane kA kavi ne pUrNataH prayAsa kiyA hai|' hariNasandeza-' isa dUtakAvya ke racayitA vedAntadezika ke suputra zrI varadAcArya haiN| isa dUtakAvya kA sandeza vAhaka hariNa haiN| kAvya kA mAtra ullekha prApta hotA hai| haritadUtam -* pro0 mirAzI ne apanI pustaka meM isa dUtakAvya kA mAtra nAma ullekha kiyA hai parantu isa dUtakAvya ke viSaya meM vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM ho paatii| haMsadUtam -' isa dUtakAvya ke racanAkAra zrI raghunAthadAsa hai| isa dUtakAvya meM haMsa dvArA sandeza sampreSaNa karavAyA gayA hai| isa dUtakAvya kI saMskRta ke sandeza kAvya rAma kumAra AcArya 2 aprkaashit| khemarAja zrIkRSNadAsa dvArA vikrama saMvata 1985 meM bambaI se prkaashit| khemarAja zrIkRSNadAsa dvArA vikrama saM0 1985 meM bambaI se prakAzita maisUra kI guruparamparA meM ullikhita, aprakAzita

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kathAvastu saMkSepa me isa prakAra hai| sItA ko rAvaNa apahRta kara letA hai, sItA ke viyoga me unake pati atyadhika vyAkula ho jAte haiM aura apane viraha tApa ko sahana nahI kara pAte hai tabhI unhe eka haMsa dikhatA hai usa haMsa dvArA vaha apane viraha sandeza sItA ke pAsa bhejate haiN| kAvya atilaghu hote hue rocaka hai| isa kAvya kA racanA sauSThava bhI sugaThita hai| hRdayadUtam - ' yaha dUtakAvya bhI anya dUtakAvya ke hI samAna hai jisame hRdaya ko dUta ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| kAvya kI kathA svatantra rUpa se kalpita hai| isa dUtakAvya ke racanAkAra zrI bhatRri hai| haMsadUtam me eka nAyikA apane priyatama nAyaka ke pAsa apanA sandeza hRdaya ko dUtabanAkara sampreSita kiyA hai| kAvya atilaghu hote hue bhI sundara hai| iMdireza nareza ke manodUtam ke sAtha hI yaha dUtakAvya bhI prakAzita huA thaa| . (kha) saMskRta-sAhitya meM upalabdha jaina dUtakAvya - jainakavi kAlidAsa dvArA racita meghadUtam ke prati vizeSataH AkRSTa the| adhikAMza jainakaviyo ne meghadUtam ke antima caraNoM ko hI samasyA rUpa se grahaNa kara usakI pUrti apanI ora se kI hai AcArya jinasena kavi ne to meghadUtam ke samasta padyo ke samagra caraNo kI pUrti kI hai| isa prakAra saMskRtasAhitya meM dUtakAvya kI paramparA ko Age baDhAne meM jaina kaviyoM kA vizeSa yogadAna hai| yahA~ para jainadUtakAvyoM kA saMkSipta me paricaya prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| auphekTa ke kaiTalogasa kaiTAlogaram ke prathama-bhAga pRSTha saM0 753 para ullikhita, aprkaashit| cunnIlAla bukaselara, bar3A mandira, bhUlezvara, bambaI se prkaashit|

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pArvAbhyudaya -' yaha jainadUtakAvya paramparA kA yaha prathama dUtakAvya hai isa kAvya ke racayitA jinasena dvitIya vIrasena ke ziSya the| inakA samaya aSTamazatI ke antimacaraNa se lekara navamazatI ke dvitIya caraNa taka mAnanA sarvathA samIcIna hai (lagabhaga 780-840ii0)| isa kAvya me cAra sarga hai jinakI kula zloka saM. 364 hai| kAvya kI bhASA praur3ha hai aura meghadUta ke samAna hI mandAkrAntA chanda kA vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai| samasyA pUrti ke rUpa meM medhdata ke samagra zloka isa kAvya meM prayukta hai| samasyApUrti kA AveSTana tIna rUpa me pAyA jAtA hai: (ka) pAdaveSTita megha kA kevala eka caraNa (kha) ardhaveSTiTa (do caraNa) (ga) antaritaveSTita (jisame ekAntarita dvayantarita Adi kaI prakAra hai) (ekAntarita meM bIca-bIca me naye pAda niviSTa hai| dvayantarita meM do pAdoM ke bIca me do naye pAdoM kA sanniveza hai| isa prakAra meghadUtIya mandAkrAntA ke samagra caraNa isa kAvya meM niveSTita kara diye gaye haiN| isame 23 veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha svAmI kI tIvra tapasyA ke avasara para unake pUrva bhava ke zatru zambara - ke dvArA utpAdita kaThora klezo tathA zRGgArika pralobhanoM kA bar3A hI rocaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| meghUdata jaise ghora zRGgArI kAvya ko anupama zAntisamanvita kAvya meM pariNata karanA kavi kI zlAghanIya pratibhA kA madhura vilAsa hai| kAvya kI zailI kucha adhika jaTila hai| samasyApUrti ke rUpa meM gumphita rahane se mUla paMktiyoM ke bhAva me yatra tatra viparyastatA A jAne ke kAraNa kAvya kucha durUha hai| isa dUtakAvya meM pArzvanAtha ke aneka janma-janmAntaroM kA samAveza huA hai| pArvAbhyudaya kI kathAvastu saMkSepa me isa prakAra hai ki podanapura ke nRpati aravinda dvArA vahiSkRta kamaTha sindhu taTa para tapasyA kara rahA thaa| usI samaya / saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa pR. saM. 327 (AcArya valdeva upAdhyAya)

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bhAtRprema ke kAraNa kamaTha kA anuja marUbhUmi usake pAsa gyaa| kintu krodha Aveza meM Akara kamaTha ne use mAra ddaalaa| aneka janmoM meM yahI krama calatA rahA hai| antima janma me kamaTha zambara aura marUbhUmi pArzvanAtha banate hai' pArzvanAtha ko sAdhanA se vicalita karane ke lie zambara aneka upasarga karatA hai, para pArzvanAtha apane mArga se vicalita nahIM hote hai| dharaNendra deva aura padmAvatI devI Akara pArzvanAtha ke upasarga ko dUra kara detI hai| anta me pArzvanAtha jJAna ko prApta karatA hai| isa ghaTanA se prabhAvita hokara zambara bhI pazcAttApa karatA huA pArzvanAtha se kSamAyAcanA karatA hai| kAvya kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki kavi ne samagra meghadUta ko isa kAvya meM samAviSTa kara diyA hai| nemidUtam - meghUdata ke caturthacaraNa kI samasyA pUrti ke rUpa meM do jaina dUtakAvya upalabdha tathA prakAzita hai jinameM eka hai nemidUta aura dUsarA hai shiilduut| nemidUta sAMgaNa ke putra vikrama kavi kI racanA hai| inake samaya tathA carita kA yarthAtha paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| phira bhI prema jI ne 13vIM zatI - aura vinaya sAgara jI ne 14 vIM zatI mAnA hai|' isame 22 ve tIrthakara neminAtha tathA unakI patnI rAjImatI kA carita citraNa kiyA gayA hai| nemikumAra virakta hokara tapazcaraNa ke lie jAne para viraha vidhurA rAjImatI ne eka vRddha brAhmaNa ko unakA kuzala sAmAcAra lene zrI nemi kI tapobhUmi meM bhejaa| kucha samaya pazcAta pitA kI AjJA lekara svayaM bhI eka sAdhvI ke sAtha vahA~ pahu~cakara anunaya vinaya karatI huI apane viraha dagdha hRdaya kI bhAvanAoM ko pralAparUpa meM vyakta karane lgii| pati ke tyAga saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa pR. saM. 0328 AcArya baldeva upAdhyAya

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tavazcaraNa kA prabhAva usa para itanA adhika par3A ki vaha bhI tapasvinI banakara tapasyA karane lgii| kavi ne isa kAvya me nAnA prakAra se dvArakA nagarI ke saundarya aura vaibhava kA citraNa kiyA hai| rAjImatI vividha upAyo se nemikumAra ko saMsArika sukho kA upabhoga karane ke lie prerita karatI hai| parantu unakA prayAsa niSphala rahatA hai| kAvya me vipralambha zRGgAra evaM zAnta rasa kA apUrva saGgama milatA hai| kAvya kA zubhArambha to viraha se hotA hai, para samApti zAnta rasa meM hotI hai| nAyaka athavA nAyikA kA sammilana zArIrika bhogoM ke lie nahI apitu mokSa saukhya kI prApti ke lie hotI hai| kavi kahatA hai - cakre yogAn nijasahacarI mokSasaukhyAptihetoH keSAM na syAdabhimataphalA prArthanA hyntmess| tAmAnandaM zivapuri parityAjya saMsAra bhAjAM bhogAniSTAnabhimatasukhaM bhojayAmAsa zAzvat / / isa taraha zRGgAra rasa kA zAntarasa me paryavasAna kara kavi ne mAnava vyavahAra me eka udAtta Adarza kI pratiSThA kI hai| nemidUta kAvya kI bhASA prasAdayukta hai, kAvya meM sarvatra pravAha hai| zAntarasa pradhAna hote hue bhI viraha bhAvanA kA sajIva aura sAMgopAMga citraNa kiyA hai| ___jainameghadUtam -' meghadUta ke padyoM kI samasyApUrti vAle ina dUtakAvyoM ko chor3akara jainakaviyoM kI isa viSaya meM svatantra racanAe~ bhI upalabdha hai| aisI racanAoM meM jainadUtam kA sthAna niHsandeha U~cA hai| yaha kAvya 4 sargoM meM vibhakta hai jo pUrvottara nemidUta meM varNita hai arthAt nemikumAra ke pravajyA lene para rAjImatI unake pAsa megha ko dUta banAkara apanA viraha sandeza / jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara se prakAzita 1924 meM

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55 sampreSita karatI hai| isa kAvya ke racayitA mahAkavi A. merUtuGga hai| phalataH isa kAvya me racanAkAla 14 vI zatI kA antima caraNa hai| jainameghadUtam kI bhASA samAsa yukta hai| kAvya ko kavi ne mAdhurya guNa se vibhUSita kiyA hai| rasa kI dRSTi se kAvya bar3I uccakoTi kA hai| zIladUtam - ' isa dUtakAvya ke racanAkAra muni zrI caritrasundaramaNi haiN| zIla jaise bhAva ko dUta banAnA kavi kI maulika pratibhA kA paricAyaka hai| isa dUtakAvya kA racanAkAla vi. saMvat 1487 hai| kAvya kA varNyaviSaya yahI hai ki sthUlabhadra pitA kI mRtyu kA samAcAra sunakara virakta ho jAtA hai aura parvata para nivAsa karane lagatA hai| ekabAra bhadrabAhu svAmI se usakA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai, vaha unase zikSA grahaNa karatA hai| gurU ke Adeza se vaha apanI nagarI me AtA hai| vahA~ unakI patnI kozA unhe punaH gRhasthI meM praviSTa hone ke prArthanA karatI hai| rAnI kI prArthanA ko sunakara sthUla bhadra kahate hai 'bhadre! aba mujhe viSayoM se rAga nahIM hai mujhe citrakalA bhI vana ke samAna pratIta hotI hai| saMsAra ke samasta sukha anitya aura kSaNa-bhaMgura hai| jJAna aura caritra hI AtmA ke zodhana meM sahAyaka hai|' isaprakAra sthUlabhadra kI bAteM sunakara kozA kA mana pavitra ho jAtA hai| usakI sArI vAsanAe~ jala jAtI haiM aura vaha sthUla bhadra ke caraNoM meM gira par3atI hai| vaha bhI sAdhanA mArga meM saMlagna ho jAtI hai| kAvya meM kula 131 zloka hai| kAvya meM nAyaka ne apane zIla ke prabhAva se prabhAvita kara apanI preyasI ko jaina dharma meM dIkSita kiyA hai| isI AdhAra para isa dUtakAvya kA nAma zIladUta rakhA gayA hai| kavi kA bhASA para pUrNa adhikAra hai| kAvya samasyA pUrti hone para bhI maulika kalpanA kA darzana hotA hai| kAvya kI bhASA sarasa tathA lalita hai| kahIM-kahIM sundara-sundara utprekSAe~ prayoga meM lAI gaI haiN| yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI se vIra saMvata 2439 meM prakAzita

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56 meghUdata samasyA lekha - (vi. saM. 1727) upAdhyAya meghavijaya kI 130 zloko kI racanA hai, jisame kavi ne megha ke dvArA yacchAdhipati vijayaprabhasUri hai| candradUtam - ' kharataragacchIya kavi muni vimalakIrti ne isa kAvya kI racanA kI hai| meghadUta antimacaraNa kI samasyApUrti svarUpa isa kAvya kI racanA huI hai| isa dUtakAvya kI kathAvastu isaprakAra hai ki kavi ne svayaM candra ko sambodhita kara zatruJjaya tIrtha meM sthita Adi jina RSabhadeva ko apanI vandanA nivedita karane ke lie bhejA hai| isa dUtakAvya meM spaSTa nahIM ho pAtA hai ki kavi ne kisa sthala para candra ko namaskAra kara use dUta ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA hai| mandAkrAntA vRtta meM hI nibaddha yaha kAvya bar3A hI bhAvapUrNa evaM kavi kI vidvattAA kA paricAyaka hai| isa dUtakAvya kA racanAkAla vi. saM. 1681 hai| yaha dUtakAvya avazya hI jainadUtakAvyoM kI zreNI meM viziSTa sthAna rakhatA hai| candradUtam' nAmaka eka aura dUta kAvya kA ullekha jinaratnakoza meM huA hai| jisake adhAra para vaha kAvya vinayaprabha dvArA praNIta hotA hai| pavanadUtam -* merUtuGga ke lagabhaga do zatAbdI bAda vAdicandra ne pavanadUtam nAmaka eka svatantra dUtakAvya kA praNayana kiyA hai| grantha kartA ne kAvya ke antima zloka me apanA paricaya diyA hai| saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa. pR. saM. 330 -baldeva upAdhyAya / zrI jinadatta sUri jJAna bhaNDAra, sUrata meM vi. saM. 2009 meM prkaashit| jinaratnakoza pR. 464 / " hindI anuvAda sahita hindI jaina sAhitya prasAraka kAryAlaya, bambaI se 1914 meM prkaashit|

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57 meghadUta ke samAna yaha bhI mandAkrAntA chanda me likhA gayA hai| isakI kathAvastu isa prakAra hai ujjayinI ke rAjA vijayanareza tathA unakI rAnI tArA ko hara le gyaa| rAjA pavana ke dvArA rAnI ko apanA sandeza bhejatA hai aura mArga me par3ane vAlI nadI parvata tathA nagaroM meM nivAsa karane vAlI striyoM tathA usakI vilAsavatI ceSTAoM kA sajIva varNana karatA hai / kavi vAdicandra kI pratibhA bahumukhI hai| phalataH inakA 16vIM zatI kA uttarArdha mAnA gayA hai| phalataH inakA 16 vI zatI kA uttarArdha mAnA gayA hai arthAt 17vIM zatAbdI / pavanadUta kAvya meghadUta ke anukaraNa para racA gayA hai| kAvya meM kula 105 zloka hai bhASA sarasa evaM prasAdayukta hai| isa dUtakAvya meM kavi kA dhArmika, sAmAjika evaM naitika dRSTikoNa bahuta hI U~cA hai| isa prakAra zRGgAra rasa ke sAtha hI sAtha isa dUtakAvya meM paropakAra dayA ahiMsA aura dAna Adi sadbhAvo kI prazaMsA bhI milatI hai| kAvya me maulika kalpanA kA sthAna-sthAna para darzana hotA hai| meghadUtasamasyAlekha isa dUtakAvya ke racayitA mugala samrATa akabara ne jagadguru kI upAdhi prApta jainamuni zrI meghavijaya hai| isa kAvya ke atirikta kucha anya kAvya bhI inake dvArA race gaye haiN| isa dUtakAvya kA samaya vi. saM. 1727 meM kI gaI hai| yadyapi kahIM bhI kAvya meM alaga se kavi kA nAma tathA racanAkAla ullikhita nahIM hai phira bhI kAvya ke antima zloka se kavi ke sambandha meM jJAna ho jAtA hai - mAghakAvyaM devagurormeghadUtaM prabhaprabhoH samasyArthaM samasyArthaM nirmame meghapaNDitaH / / 131 / / zrI jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara (rAjasthAna) se vi. saM. 1970 meM prkaashit|

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58 isa dUta kAvya me bhI meghadUta kI samasyApUrti kI gaI hai| kAvya meM gurU kI mahimA kA varNana kiyA hai| gurU ke viyoga me kavi vyAkula ho jAte hai aura apane gurU AcArya vijayaprabhasUri ke pAsa megha dvArA apanI kuzalavArtA kA sandeza bhejate hai| kAvya meM kavi ne gurU ke lie apanI vyAkulatA asAhAyAvasthA kA marmasparzI citraNa kiyA hai| kAvya kA antima zloka anuSTup chanda meM nibaddha hai| kAvya meM bhakti rasa kA prayoga hai| kAvya para jainadharma kA yatra-tatra spaSTa prabhAva hai| jaise kavi ne sthAna-sthAna para jaina pratibhAoM aura tIrthakaroM kA varNana hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki yaha kAvya eka jaina kavi dvArA racita jaina dharma viSayaka racanA hai| isa dUtakAvya kA dUtakAvya kI paramparA ko Age bar3hAne meM apanA eka viziSTa sthAna hai| indudUtam indudUta ke racayitA zrI vinaya - vijayamaNi hai| prastuta dUtakAvya kA samaya vi. saptadaza zataka kA uttarArdha tathA aSTAdaza zataka kA pUrvArdha hai| kAvya kI kathA isa prakAra hai zrI vijaya prabha surIzvara mahArAja sUryapura (sUrata) meM caturmAsa bitAte hai / unakI AjJA se unake ziSya zrI vinaya vijayamaNi mAravAr3a meM jodhapura nagara me caturmAsa bitAne ke lie A jAte hai| caturmAsa ke anta meM bhAdrapada pUrNimA kI rAtri meM candramA ko dekhakara unakA vicAra hotA hai ki usake dvArA apane gurU ke pAsa ve apanA sAMvatsarika kSamApaNa sandeza aura abhivandana bheje / candramA ko dUta kAvya meM niyukta karane se pUrva ve usakA svAgata karate haiM, usakI kuzalavArtA pUchate haiM aura phira usakI tathA usake saMbandhiyoM samudra, parijAta, lakSmI aura rAtri ityAdi kI bhI prazaMsA karate haiN| anta meM ve usase sUryapura (sUrata) jAne aura vahA~ vahu~cakara apane gurU zrItaNAgaNa yati ko apanI vijJapti sunAne ke lie saMskRta ke sandeza kAvya pR. saM. 218-225 t

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kahate hai| isa sandezakAvya me kevala 131 zloka hai| samagra kAvya mandA krAntA chanda me hI likhA gayA hai| kAvya merudata ke anukaraNa para likhA gayA hai| kAvya kA viSaya navIna hai| isa kAvya meM zAntarasa pradhAna hai| kAvya kA naitika aura dhArmika dRSTikoNa bhI ucca hai| kAvya me kavi ne lakSmI rAtri Adi kA bar3A saccA svarUpa pAThako ke samakSa prastuta kiyA hai| yadyapi kAvya kA zAnta rasa meM paryavasAna hai| phira bhI yatra tatra zRGgArika varNana bhI pAye jAte hai| jaina siddhAnta kI kRti hone ke kAraNa kAvya me yatra tatra jaina dharma kA prabhAva dRSTi gocara hotA hai| jaise kAvya ke Arambha meM 'svastizrINaM bhavanabhavanIkAnta-paMkti prnnmym| prauDhaprItyA paramapuruSaM pArzvanAthaM prnnmy|| kAvya me bhASA bhI prasAdaguNa se pUrNa hai| kAvya me satra pravAha de hai| sandeza kAvya athavA dUtakAvya kI paramparA meM kAvya kA eka viziSTa sthAna hai| 'indudUtam' nAmaka eka aura dUtakAvya prApta hotA hai jisake racayitA jaina kavi jambU hai| jiratnakoza meM mAtra isakA ullekha milatA hai| isake atirikta isa kAvya ke samabandha me koI bhI jAnakArI nahIM prApta hotI hai| - jainagranthAvalI me jambUkavi dvArA praNIta isa kAvya kA nAma 'candradUta' diyA gayA hai| isa dUtakAvya meM mAlinI vRtta meM racita 23 zloka hai| ____manodUtam - ' isa dUtakAvya ke kartA ke viSaya meM kucha bhI jJAta nahI hai| jainagranthAvalI meM isake viSaya meM mAtra itanI jAnakArI hai ki isameM 300 zloka hai tathA isakI mUlaprati pATaNa ke bhaNDAra meM upalabdha hai| mayUradUtakAvya -' 19 vIM zatI ke jaina kavi muni dhurandhara vijaya ne isa kAvya kI racanA kI hai| kAvya meM kula 180 zloka haiM, jinameM se / / jaina granthAvalI pR. 332 jaina grantha prakAzaka sabhA, ahamadAbAda se vi. saM. 2000 meM prakAzita granthAka 500

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adhikAMza zloka zikhariNIvRtta meM race gaye haiN| kavi kA vRtta ke sambandha meM yaha eka sarvathA navIna hI prayoga hai| yaha dUtakAvya gurUbhakti para AdhArita hai| isame bhI ziSya dvArA gurU ke pAsa vandanA evaM kSamApanA sandeza hI bhejA gayA kAvya kI saMkSipta kathA isa prakAra hai ki muni vijayAmRtasUri jo ki AcArya vijayanemisUri ke ziSya hai, vaha apane cartumAsa kAla ko kapaDavaNaja me bitAtA hai| usake gurU vijayanemisUri jAmanagara meM avasthita hokara apanA caturmAsa bitAte hai| caturmAsa kAla me gurU kA samIpya na prApta kara tathA gurU ke prati atIva zraddhA hone ke kAraNa vaha apane AdaraNIya gurU ke pAsa vandanA evaM kSamApana kA sandeza eka mayUra ke dvArA sampreSita karatA hai| yaha svatantra dUtakAvya hai| isame kAlidAsIya meghUdata se kisI prakAra kI sahAyatA nahI lI gayI hai| parantu kAvya me nagara Adi ke varNana me kAlidAsIya meghadUta jaisA tAratamya milatA hai| kAvya meM zrI sUrIndrAH evaM sUrIzvarAH jaise vizeSaNoM kA prayoga hai| kAvya meM jaina dharma kA ullekha hai, kAvya me karUNA, ahiMsA Adi bhAvoM para jora hai| ataH isase patA calatA hai ki yaha dUta kAvya jaina kavi dvArA praNIta hai| haMsapAdAMkadUtam -' isa dUtakAvya ke racanAkAra ke viSaya meM spaSTa jAnakArI nahIM milatI hai| isa dUtakAvya kA ullekha jaina vidvAna zrI agara candra nAhaTA ne apane eka lekha meM kiyA hai| yadyapi inhoMne isake astitva meM sandeha prakaTa kiyA hai| parantu vidvadratnamAlA ke ullekhAnusAra isa kAvya ko bhI jaina saMskRta dUtakAvyoM meM sammilita kiyA gayA hai| vidvadratnamAlA premI nAthu rAma pR. 46

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vacanadUtam - ' yaha dUtakAvya isa paramparA kA sabase navIna dUtakAvya hai| paM. mUlacandra zAstrI ne ise do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| yaha dUtakAvya jainadharma ke 23ve tIrthakara bhagavAna zrI neminAtha ke jIvana se sambandhita hai| kAvya ke prArambha me kavi ne rAjula ke Atmanivedana ko prastuta kiyA hai tathA uttarArdha me isa viyoginI kI vyathA ko parijanoM ke dvArA nivedita karavAyA hai| nemi aura rAjula kA prasaMga na kevala vairAgya kA eka apratima vicorotejaka marmasparzI prasaMga rahA hai| apitu usane sAhitya vizeSataH kAvya ko bhI prabhAvita kiyA hai| kavi ne rAjImatI ke viraha viyoga ko bar3I manohArI hRdayAvarjaka zailI meM prastatu kiyA hai| kAlidAsa dvArA viracita meghadUtam kI antima zloka kI paMkti ko lekara yaha dUtakAvya racA gayA hai| jisameM kavi ne nemi aura rAjula ke mArmika prasaMga ko saphalatApUrvaka prastuta kiyA hai| vairAgya kI pRSThibhUmi ke sAtha-sAtha ahiMsA, karUNA aura sAdhanA ke pratipAdana ke viSaya meM yaha kAvya anUThA hai| cUtodUtam -' isa dUtakAvya kI bhI racanA meghadUtam ke antimacaraNo ko lekara samasyApUrti svarUpa kI gaI hai| kavi ke viSaya meM vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM mila pAtI hai| isa dUtakAvya kI kathA bhI vizeSa nahI hai, isakI kathA isa prakAra hai- eka ziSya apane gurU ke zrI caraNo kI kRpAdRSTi ko apanI preyasI ke rUpa me mAnakara usake pAsa apane citta ko dUta banAkara bhejatA hai| meghadUta kI samasyApUrti ke kAraNa kAvya me mandAkrAntA chanda bhI prayukta hai| kAvya me kula 129 zloka hai| prakAzita zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra, mahAvIra jI sAhitya zodha vibhAga, mahAvIra bhavana savAI mAnAsiMha hAive jypuur| jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara vi. saM. 1970 me prkaashit|

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62 jabaki isa dUtakAvya kA viSaya dhArmika evaM jJAnaparaka hai phira bhI nizcita rUpa se yaha kahane meM mata bheda hai ki yaha dUtakAvya jaina dharma se sambaddha hai| ziSya ne gurU ke lie "zrI surIndrAH" 'zrI surIzvarAH' jaise vizeSaNo kA prayoga kiyA hai tathA jaina dharma kA ullekha kiyA hai| ataH isI AdhAra para yaha kahA jAtA hai ki yaha dUtakAvya jaina kavi dvArA viracita hai meghUdata ke zRGgAra rasa ke preraNA pAkara kavi ne advitIya pratibhA se kAvya ko zAnta rasa se vibhuSita kiyA hai| uparyukta dUtakAvyo ke varNana se aisA parilakSita hotA hai ki jainakaviyoM ko dUtakAvya kA nirmANa karane me atyadhika rUci thii| isIlie inhoMne adhika se adhika dUtakAvyoM kI racanA karake dUtakAvya kI paramparA ko Age bar3hAne me apanA mahanIya yogadAna diyaa| inhoMne apane kAvya me aneka navIna prayoga bhI kiye haiN| jaise inhone vijJapti patroM ko bhI dUtakAvyAtmaka zailI meM prastuta kiyA hai| isI prakAra zRGgAra rasa se ota-prota kAvyoM kA zAntarasa meM paryavasAna karake dUtakAvya ko eka nayA mor3a diyaa| jaina kaviyoM ne inhIM dUtakAvyoM ke mAdhyama se apane jainadharma ke dhArmika niyamoM, sAmAjika niyamoMsaMskAroM evaM tAttvika siddhAntoM ko janasAdhAraNa taka pahu~cAyA hai| isa prakAra jaina kaviyoM dvArA racita dUtakAvyoM kA saMskRta sAhitya meM sthAna hai /

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dvitIyo'dhyAyaH merutuGgAcArya kA vyaktitva aura kRtitva

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AcArya merUtuGga kA vyaktitva evaM kRtitva saMskRta dUtakAvyo me sarvaprAcIna kavi ziromaNi kAlidAsa kA meghadUtam hai| inake pazcAt anya kaviyo ne bhI dUtakAvyo kI racanA kii| jaina kaviyoM ne to saMskRta sAhitya me aneka dUtakAvyo kI racanA kara saMskRta ke vidvAno ko Azcarya cakita kara diyA hai| isa prakAra dUtakAvyoM kI paramparA ko Age bar3hAne me jaina kaviyoM kA advitIya sthAna hai| inhIM jainakaviyoM me AcArya merUtuGga kA nAma pramukha hai jinhone jainameghadUtam kI racanA kI hai| AcArya merUtuGga tatkAlIna sAhitya kSitija ke prakAzamAna nakSatra haiN| inake jIvana ke viSaya me vibhinna prakAra kI bhrAntiyA~ haiN| ___AcArya merUtuGga kA jIvana paricaya:- jaina sAhitya meM merUtuGga nAmaka tIna AcArya hue hai parantu kAvya jagat meM do hI AcArya milate hai| iname prathama AcArya merUtuGga sUri hai jo prabhusUri ke ziSya the| inhoMne baDhavANa me rahate hue vi. saM. 1361 (I. san 1305) meM saMskRta bhASA me 'prabandhacintAmaNi' kI racanA kI hai| dvitIya AcArya merUtuGgasUri acalagaccha ke eka vidvAn AcArya the| inake dvArA racita aneka mahattvapUrNa kRtiyA~ prApta hotI hai jinameM eka kRti jainameghadUtam hai| acalagacchIya AcArya merUtuGga-sUri jaina sAhitvya meM eka prasiddha vidvAn hue hai| inake jIvana ke viSaya meM vibhinna prakAra kI prAntiyA~ pAI jAtI hai| jaise inakA janma sthAna paTTAvalI ke anusAra nAnAgAma aura jAti jainameghadUtam - ravizaMkara mizra pR. saM. 71 zramaNa pR. saM. 59

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jo saMyamamArga grahaNakara yugapradhAna yogIzvara hogaa| cakrezvarI ke vacano ko Adara detI huI, dharmadhyAna me savizeSa anurakta hokara mAtA garbha kA pAlana karane lgii| saM. 1403 me pUre dino se pA~co graho ke ucca sthAna me Ane para nAladevI ne putra ko janma diyaa| harSotsavapUrvaka putra kA nAma vastigakumAra rakhA gyaa| kramazaH bAlaka bar3A hone lagA aura usameM samasta sadguNa Akara nivAsa karane lge| eka bAra zrI mahendraprabhasUri nANi nagara me pdhaare| unake upadeza se atimukta kumAra kI taraha virakta hokara mAtA pitA kI AjJA le saM. 1410 me vastigakumAra dIkSita hue| vairasiMha ne utsavadAnAdi me pracura dravya vyaya kiyaa| sUri maharAja ne navadIkSita muni kA nAma 'merutuGga' rkhaa| ' dIkSA ke samaya ve sAta varSa ke hI the| gurU ke sAnidhya me navodita bAlamunivara eka ke bAda eka siddhiyA~ prApta karane lge| vyAkaraNa sAhitya, chanda, alaMkAra, jyotiSa Agama Adi meM ve nipuNa bane / 65 saM. 1426 meM gurUdeva ne unheM sUripada diyaa| isa prasaMga para saMghapati narapAla zreSThi ne bhavya mahotsava kiyaa| aba ve zrI merUtuGga sUri ke nAma se prakhyAta hue| ve mantraprabhAvaka bhI the| ve aSTAMgayoga Adi meM nuipaNa the| AcArya eka bAra vicaraNa karate hue asAulI nagara padhAre yahA~ yavanarAja ko pratibodha dekara ahiMsA kA mArga smjhaayaa| rAsakara varNana karate haiM ki usAula isAkhaya banarAu paDibohiMue / ' kahatA lAgai pAkha, mAsa vAta chaI te dhaNiye / AcArya merUtuGga ke viSaya meM aneka prabhAvI avadAta prasiddha haiN| eka bAra sUrijI saMdhyAvazyaka kara kAyotsarga dhyAna meM sthita khar3e the ki eka kAle sA~pa ne Akara paira meM isa diyaa| sUri maharAja metArtha, damadanta, 1 2 zrI Arya adhyAya gautama smRti graMtha pR. saM. 25 jIvana jyoti yAni laghu paTTAvalI pR. 105

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cilAtIputra kI taraha dhyAna me sthira rhe| kAryotsarga pUrNa hone para maMtra, taMtra gArUr3ika saba prayogoM ko chor3akara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI pratimA ke samakSa dhyAnAsana jamAkara baiTha gye| dhyAna ke prabhAva se sArA viSa utara gyaa| prAtaH kAlIna vyAkhyAna daina ke lie Aye, saMgha me apAra harSadhvani phaila gii| tadanaMtara merUtuGga sUri aNahilapura pATaNa pdhaare| gacchanAyaka pada ke lie sumuhUrta dekhA gyaa| mahInoM pahale utsava prAraMbha ho gyaa| toraNa baMdaravAla maMDita vizAla maMDapa taiyAra huaa| nAnA prakAra ke nRtya vAditro kI dhvani se nagara guMjAyamAna ho gyaa| osavAla rAmadeva ke bhrAtA khImAgara ne utsava kiyaa| saM. 1445 phAlguna vadI 11 ke dina zrI maheMdraprabhasUri ne gacchanAyaka pada dekara sArI gacchadhurA zrI merUtuGga sUri ko samarpita kii| saMgrAmasiMha ne padaThavaNA karake vaibhava saphala kiyaa| zrI ratnazekhara sUri ko upacArya sthApita kiyA gyaa| saMghapati nalapAla ke sAnidhya me samasta mahotsava nirvighna saMpanna hue| sUri maharAja nirmala tapa, saMyama ArAdhanA karate hue yogAbhyAsa meM - vizeSa abhyasta rahate the| haThayoga prANAyAma rAjayoga Adi kriyAoM dvArA niyamita dhyAna karate the| grISma Rtu meM dhUpa meM aura zItakAla kI kar3Ake kI sardI meM pratidina kAryotsarga karake AtmA ko atizaya nirmala karane meM saMlagna rahate the| eka bAra Apa AbUgiri ke jinAlayoM ke darzana karake utarate the, saMdhyA ho gaI thii| mArga bhUlakara viSamasthAna meM pagadaNDI na milane para bijalI kI taraha camakate hue deva ne prakaTa hokara mArga dikhlaayaa| eka bAra pATaNa ke pAsa sathavADe sahita gurU zrI vicarate the| yavana senA ne kaSTa dekara saba sAdhakoM ko apane kabje meM kara liyaa| sUrijI yavanarAja ke pAsa phuNce| unakI AkRti lalATa ko dekhakara usakA hRdaya palaTa gayA aura tatkAla saba ko mukta kara lauTA diyaa| eka bAra gujarAta me mugaloM kA bhaya utpanna hone para sArA nagara sUnA ho gayA, para sUri zrI khaMbhAta meM sthita rhe| kucha dina bAda

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bhaya samApta ho jAne para sabhI vApasa lauTa aaye| sUrijI bAr3amera meM virAjate the, laghu pozAla ke dvAra para sAta hAtha kA lambA saoNpa Akara phuMkAra karane lagA, jisase sAdhviyA~ Darane lagI lekina zrI merUtuGga sUri ke prabhAva se yaha vighna dUra huaa| eka bAra sUri jI ne 1464 meM sAMcaura caumAsA kiyaa| azvapati (bAdazAha) vistRta senA sahita car3hAI karane ke lie A rahA thaa| saba loga dazoM dizAoM meM bhAgane lage the| ThAkura bhI bhayabhIta the, sUrijI ke dhyAna bala se yavana senA sAMcaura tyAga kara anyatra calI gii| isa prakAra sUrijI ke viSaya me aneko avadAta sunane ko milate hai / ' 67 isa prakAra zrI merutuGga ke viSaya me jo anekAneka avadAta ullikhita ho cuke haiM ina avadAto ke kAraNa AcArya ko kaI upAdhiyoM se vibhuSita kiyA gyaa| inheM 'mantraprabhAvaka' 'mahimAnidhi' Adi mAnada upAdhiyoM se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| AcArya ke prabhAvI upadezoM ke kAraNa vIMchIvADA, punAsA, vaiDanagara Adi nagaro me jinAlayoM kA nirmANa huA tathA unameM dhAtu pratimAo kI pratiSThApanAe~ bhI huii| AcArya zrI merUtuGga sUri kA ziSyaparivAra bhI bahuta bar3A thaa| inhoMne chaH AcArya, cAra upAdhyAya tathA eka mahattarA prabhRti saMkhyA - baddha pada sthApita kiye evaM dIkSita kiye| ina sabhI ziSyoM meM sarvAdhika pramukha jayakIrtisUri paTTadhara the| isake atirikta mANikya zekhara sUri, upAdhyAya dharmAnandagaNi Adi aneka vidvAna inake ziSya the| inake sAtha eka vizAla sAdhvI parivAra bhI rahatA thaa| unameM mahimAzrI jI nAmaka sAdhvI ko merUtuGga jI ne mahattarA pada para sthApita kiyA thaa| sAdhvI mahimA zrI dvArA racita zrI upadeza ciMtAmaNi kI avacuri prApta hotI hai| 2 zrI Arya adhyAyagautama smRti graMtha pR. saM. 25, 26 A. merutuGga kRta jaina meghadUtam - DA. ravizaMkara mizra bhUmikA pR. saM. 77

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racanAe~ unake dvArA racita sAhitya jaina aura bhAratIya saMskRti kA mahAmUla aMga hai| inakI nimna racanAe~ hai: (1) SaDdarzana samuccaya:- isa grantha kA aparanAma 'SaDdarzananirNaya' hai| grantha vikrama saMvat 1449 ke pUrva kA racA huA hai kyoM ki saptatibhASya TIkA me isa grantha kA ullekha huA hai:- kAvyaM zrI meghadUtAkhyaM SaDdarzana smuccyH| bhAratIya darzana meM isakA apUrva sthAna hai| isameM bauddha, mImAMsA, vedAnta, sAMkhya aura vaizeSika darzanoM ke mUlasiddhAntoM kA varNana kiyA hai| tadantara inakA khaNDana karate hue jainadarzana ko svatarko se paripuSTa kiyA gayA hai| saMkSipta hote hue bhI isa grantha meM jo tarka diye hai ve prabhAvayukta evaM nirNayAtmaka haiN| (2) bAlabodha vyAkaraNa:- isakA dUsarA nAma 'merUtuGgavyAkaraNa aura 'kumAravyAkaraNa' bhI hai| zrI mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI ne 'vyAkaraNa catuSka bAlabodha' tathA 'taddhita bAlabodha' do anya nAma bhI batAye haiN|' vyAkaraNa sambandhI ati gUDha tatvoM ko atyAdhika subodha banA dene vAlA yaha virala grantha hai| (3) jainameghadUtam :- yaha AcArya merUtuGga dvArA racita anupama grantha hai jisame jaina dharma kA paripAlana kiyA gayA hai aura jIvana ke mUla tattvoM ko batAyA gayA hai| zrI Arya jaya kalyANa kendra, zrI gautama nIti guNasAgarasUri jaina megha saMskRti bhavana Te. lAlajI punazI vADI deza saralalena ghATakopara (pUrva) bambaI- 400077 jIvana jyoti nAmaka pustaka meM varNita hai| jaina gUrjara kaviyo kA itihAsa mo. da. desAI bhAga 3 pR. 1572

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(4) dhAtuparAyaNa:- saptatibhASya me isa grantha kA ullekha milatA hai| isakA samaya vikrama saMvata 1449 ke pUrva kA mAnA jAtA hai| (5) rasAdhyAna vRti :- isakA dUsarA nAma rasAdhyAna TIkA aura rasAlaya bhI hai| kaMkAlaya nAmaka eka jainetara AcArya dvArA praNIta isa rasAdhyAna grantha kI AcArya zrI ne vikrama saMvata 1449 meM TIkA racI hai| (6) saptatibhASya TIkA :- jaina karma siddhAnta kA isa grantha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha kA samaya vikrama saMvat 1449 hai| yaha grantha saMskRta bhASA me racita hai jo ki A. merUtuGga ke vidvattA kA paricAyaka hai| (7) laghuzatapadI :- isakA dUsarA nAma 'zatapadIsAroddhAra' hai| laghuzatapadI meM 1570 zloka hai jo ki saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha haiN| isameM kavi ne apanA nayA vicAra prastuta kiyA hai| (8) kAmadeva caritra :- isa gadyakRti kI racanA kavi ne vikrama saMvat 1469 me kI thI isameM 749 zloka hai isa prakAra kA ullekha grantha . prazasti me milatA hai: evaM zrIkAmadevakSitipaticaritaM tatvaSaDvarddhi bhUmisaMkhye zrI merUtuGgAbhidhagaNagarUNA vatsare proktametat / / (9) padmAvatIkalpa:- prastuta racanA bhI AcArya merUtuGga dvArA kI gaI hai| aisA ullekha 'aMcalagacchadigdarzana' zrI pArzva pR. saM. 223 para tathA jIvana jyoti nAmaka pustaka meM pR. saM. 113 meM milatA hai| (10) zataka bhASya:- isakA dUsarA nAma saptatikA bhASya vRtti hai aisA pratIta hotA hai parantu AcArya zrI pArzva ne ise bhI AcArya zrI ke pRthak grantha kI saMkhyA dI hai| jIvana jyoti pR. saM. 113 meM zatapadI sAroddhAra nAma se uddhRta hai|

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70 (11) namutthaNaMTIkA:- caityavandana vidhi me namutthaNaM grantha ke sUtro para vRtti ke rUpa me isa grantha kI racanA kI gaI hai| (12) jIrAvallI pArzvanAtha stavaH - isameM kula 14 zloka haiN| mUla me 11 zloka aura anta me 3 zloka | isa stava kI racanA sarpa viSa ke nivAraNa hetu kiye the| isakA Adi hai OM namo devadevAya / isa stava kA dUsarA nAma trailokyavijaya mahAmantra hai / acalagaccha meM isa mantra kA atyadhika mahatva (13) sUrimantrakalpa sAroddhAraH - 558 zloka kI racanA kavi ne isa grantha me kI hai jo ki zuddha saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai| (14) saMbhavanAtha caritraH- AcArya merutuGga ne isa grantha kI racanA vikrama saMvat 1413 me kI hai| (15) zatapadI sAroddhAraH - isakA dUsarA nAma 'zatapadI samuddhAra' hai| isakI racanA 1456 me AcArya ne kiyA hai| (16) jesAsI prabandhaH - isa grantha ke viSaya meM zaGkA hai| zrI pArzva ne isakA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| ' (17) stambhaka pArzvanAtha prabaMdhaH- isakA mAtra nAmollekha milatA hai| isakI racanA AcArya ne saMskRta bhASA meM kiyA gayA hai| (18) nAbhivaMza kAvya :- AcArya dvArA racita isa mahAkAvya kA mAtra nAmollekha milatA hai| * aMcalagaccha digdarzana zrI pArzva pR. saM. 223 pr| aMcalagacchadigdarzana zrI pArzva pR. saM. 220 vahI aMcalagacchadigdarzana zrI pArzva pR. saM. 222

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(19) sUrimantra kalpa:- isa mantra kI mahimA prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM vizeSa rahI hai| aisA kahA gayA hai ki pratyeka gacchanAyaka ko isakI sAdhanA karanI caahie| AcArya merUtuGga dvArA racita 'sUrimantra kalpa' rahasyoM se bharI huI hai| (20) yaduvaMza sambhava kathA:- yaha bhI AcArya merUtuGga dvArA racita saMskRta me nibaddha mahAkAvya hai| isake viSaya meM vistRta jAnakArI nahIM hai mAtra nAmollekha milatA hai| (21) nemidUta mahAkAvya:- zrI pArzva ne nemidUta nAmaka eka mahAkAvya kI racanA bhI AcArya dvArA mAnA hai isa mahAkAvya kA nAmollekha 'aMcalagacchadigdarzana' meM pR. 223 para kiyA hai| (22) kRdavRtti:- kRdavRtti AcArya merUtuGga dvArA racita 'kAtantra vyAkaraNa' kI TIkA kA eka khaNDa hI hai| aisA zrI pArzvanAtha ne aMcalagacchadigdarzana me ullekha kiyA hai| (23) kAtantra vyAkaraNa bAlabodha vRtti:- isakI racanA vikrama saMvata 1444 meM kiyA hai| isako pahale 'kAlApaka vyAkaraNa' nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| isa grantha kA dUsarA nAma 'AkhyAtavRtti TippaNI' bhI hai|' ___ (24) upadeza cintAmaNi vRtti:- isakI racanA AcArya merUtuGga ne kaba kI isakA varNana ThIka se nahI mila pAtA hai| isa grantha meM 1164 zloka kI racanA saMskRta vRtti meM kI hai| (25) nAbhakanRpakathA:- yaha zrI merUtuGga dvArA racita gadya evaM padyamayI racanA hai| isameM 294 zloka haiN| isakI racanA vikrama saMvat 1464 aMcalagacchadigdarzana zrI pArtha pR. saM. 229

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72 me kI gaI hai| isame yaha ullekha kiyA gayA haiki durvyaya karane vAle manuSya kisa prakAra duHkha bhogate hai| (26) suzrAddha kathA :- isa grantha ke viSaya meM vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM mila pAtI hai parantu isa grantha kI racanA AcArya dvArA huI hai aisA grantho dvArA jJAta hotA hai| (27) catuSkavRtti:- yaha grantha bhI AcArya merutuGga dvArA racita hai isame vibhinna vyAkaraNa sambandhI viSayo para carcA kI gaI hai| (28) aMgavidyoddhAraH - ( aMgavidyoddhAra) isa grantha kA ullekha 'zrI Arya adhyAya gautama smRti graMtha' me merUtuGga sUri rAsa me aMcalagacchadigdarzana milatA hai| (29) RSimaNDalastavaH - isa grantha kA ullekha zrI pArzva ne aMcalagacchadigdarzana meM pR. saM. 223 meM kiyA hai isameM RSiyoM kI stuti kI gayI hai jo saMskRta kI kArikAoM meM nibaddha hai| * (30) paTTAvalI:- paTTAvalI ko zrI pArzva ne AcArya merutuGga ke racanAoM meM rakhA avazya hai / parantu isakI bhASA, ghaTanA Adi vividha vicAroM ke AdhAra para isa grantha ko zaGkA kI dRSTi se dekhA jAtA hai| isake atirikta (31) rAjImatI nemi sambandha (32) sUrimantroddhAra aura aMcalagacchadigdarzana zrI pArzva saM. 223 vahIM aMcalagacchadigdarzana zrI pArzva pR. saM. 223 vahI aMcalagacchadigdarzana zrI pArzva pR. saM. 223 vahI aMcalagacchadigdarzana zrI pArzva pR. saM. 223 vahIM aMcalagacchadigdarzana zrI pArzva pR. saM. 223 aMcalagacchadigdarzana zrI pArzva pR. saM. 223

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(33) mahA purUSa carita jo ki saMskRta bhASA me nibaddha hai isameM 5 sarga hai tathA RSabha, zAnti, nemi, pArzva aura mahAvIra ina 5 tIrthakaro kA varNana hai| (34) bhAva karma prakriyA (35) lakSaNazAstra (36) kalpasUtra vRtti bhI inhIM kI racanAe~ haiN| isa prakAra vividha sAkSya granthoM ke AdhAra para zrI AcArya merUtuGga dvArA racita 36 grantho kA nAmollekha milatA hai jinameM kucha grantho kA to vistRta ullekha prApta hotA hai aura kucha kA kevala nAma mAtra milatA hai usake viSaya me vistRta jAnakArI nahI mila pAtI hai| kucha aisI bhI grantha hai jinakI sthiti ke prati zaMkA vyakta kI gaI hai| AcArya ke jitane grantha upalabdha haiM unake AdhAra para kaha sakate hai ki inhone sAhitya jagata ko anUThA avadAna diyA hai AcArya merUtuGga ne apanA jIvana paTTaNa, khaMbhAta, bhar3auca, saupAraka, kukaMNa, kaccha, pArakara, sAMcaura, marU gujjara jhAlAvADa, mahArASTra, pAMcAla lATadeza, jAlora, ghoghA, anAM, dIva maMgalapura navA prabhRti sthAnoM meM vicaraNa aura dharmopadeza karate hue vyatIta kiyaa| saMvata 1471 meM mArgazIrSa pUrNimA somavAra ke pichale prahara meM uttarAdhyayana zravaNa karate hue arhatasiddhoM ke dhyAna meM magna zrI merUtuGgasUri jI ne ihalIlA kA saMvaraNa kiyaa| ' vahIM pR. 223 nAgendra gaccha kA ibihAsa pR. saM. 60 (paTTAvalI samuccaya prathama bhAga pR. 1314)

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74 AcArya merutuGga kA nAma acalagaccha ke itihAsa meM tathA saMskRta sAhitya ke dUtakAvyo kI paramparA me sadaiva svarNAkSaro me aMkita rhegaa| AcArya dvArA racita jainameghadUtam grantha saMsAra ke lie varadAna svarUpa hai jo yugoM-yugoM taka digbhramita mAnava hRdaya ko dizA aura zAnti pradAna karatA rhegaa|

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kathAvastu aura caritrA~kana . . . . vRtIyo'dhyAyaH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

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15 jainameghadUtam kI kathAvastu aura pAtroM kA caritrAMkana kathAvastu:- AcArya merUtuGga kRta jainameghadUtam kI kathAvastu saMkSepa me isa prakAra hai: prasiddha yaduvaMza me samudravijaya nAmaka rAjA the, jo atyanta balazAlI aura dhArmika the| inake jyeSTha putra kA nAma zrI nemi thA, jo jaina dharma ke 22ve tIrthakara mAne jAte haiN| zrI nemi rAjanIti dhuraMdhara bhagavAna zrI kRSNa ke cacere bhAI the| ye saundarya aura paurUSa ke ajeya svAmI the| samadravijaya ne zrI nemi kA vivAha ugrasena kI rUpasI evaM viduSI putrI rAjImatI se karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| vaibhava pradarzana ke usa guNa me mahArAja samudravijaya aneka barAtiyoM ko lekara putra neminAtha ke vivAhArtha gye| jaba barAta vadhU ke nagara 'girinagara' pahu~cI taba vahA~ para pazuo kI karUNa cItkAra zrI nemi ko sunAI pdd'ii| isa karUNa cItkAra ne neminAtha kI jijJAsA ko kaI gunA bar3hA diyaa| . patA lagAne para unheM jaba jJAta huA ki ina sabhI pazuoM ko kATakara unake AmiSa se vividha prakAra ke vyaJjana barAtiyoM ke svAgatArtha banAye jAyege to ve kaoNpa gye| unakI bhAvanA karUNA kI ajasra azrudhArA meM parivartita hokara pravAhita ho gii| isa ghaTanA ke bAda zrI nemi ko saMsAra se vairAgya utpanna ho jAtA hai aura ve isa duHkhamaya saMsAra ko tyAgakara tapasyA ke saMkalpa ke sAtha kAnana kI ora mur3a jAte haiN| unake isa saMkalpa ko jAnakara rAjImatI atyAdhika duHkhita ho jAtI hai| aura vaha bAra-bAra mUrcchita ho jAtI hai| isake pUrva apane priya ke prati usane apane Antara pradeza meM kitanI sukomala kalpanAe~ sa~jo rakhI thI, parantu akasmAt yaha kyA? nava vadhU kA ghUghaTa paTa uThAne se pUrva hI yaha nirmama paTApekSa kaisA? parantu bhAratIya nArI kI bhA~ti rAjImatI ne bhI apane

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mana mandira me zrI nemi ko pati ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kara liyA hai| apane sakhiyoM dvArA nAnA prakAra se samajhAne para bhI ve anya rAjakumAra se vivAha karane ke lie taiyAra nahI hotI hai| rAjImatI megha ko dUta banAkara zrI nemi ke pAsa bhejatI hai| usakA sandeza atyanta kArUNika viraha vedanA se yukta hai jinako sunakara kaThora se kaThAre mAnava kA hRdaya bhI dravita ho jAtA hai parantu zrI nemi to isa moha mAyA ko kSaNika mAnate haiM, ve cirAnanda ko pAnA cAhate hai isalie unake hRdaya para usake tIkSNa sanadeza kA koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA hai| anta me rAjImatI bhI apane svAmI kI zaraNa me jAkara vrata grahaNa kara letI hai aura unhIM kI taraha rAga dveSa se rahita hokara unake prabhAva se gine hue kucha hI dinoM meM paramAnanda ke sarvasva mokSa kA varaNa kara anupama zAzvata sukha ke prApta karatI hai|

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jainameghadUtama ke pAtroM kA caritrAGkana zrInemi yadyapi kAvyazAstrakAro ne khaNDakAvya yA dUtakAvyo ke nAyaka-nAyikA Adi pAtro kA caritrAGkana karate samaya kAvyazAstrIya vivecana karanA Avazyaka nahI smjhaa| parantu merI dRSTi se unameM bhI kAvyazAstrIya niyama kucha aMzoM meM vidyamAna rahatA hai| ataH yahA~ para mujhe nAyaka-nAyikA Adi ke caritrAGkana karane se pUrva saMkSepa meM kAvyazAstrIya vivecana karanA Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| - 77 dazarUpakakAra dhanaJjaya ne nAyaka ke viSaya me kahA hai ki nAyaka vinIta madhura, tyAgI, catura, priya bolane vAlA, lokapriya pavitra, vAk paTu prasiddha vaMza vAlA sthira yuvaka, buddhi, utsAha, smRti, prajJA, kalA tathA mAna se yukta dRDha, tejasvI, zAstroM kA jJAtA aura dhArmika hotA hai - netA vinIto madhurastyAgI dakSaH priyaMvadaH / raktalokaH zucirvAgmI rUDhavaMzaH sthiro yuvA / / 1 / / buddhayutsAhasmRtiprajJAkalAmAnasamanvitaH / zUro dRDhazca tejasvI zAstracakSuzca dhArmikaH / / 2 / / ' yaha nAyaka lalita, zAnta, udAtta aura uddhata bheda se 4 prakAra ke hote 1. dhIralalita komala (svabhAva tathA AcAra vAlA) nAyaka dhIralalita kahalAtA hai ' nizcinto dhIralalitaH kalAsaktaH sukhI mRduH / ' dazarUpakam 2/1, 2 pR. saM. 109 1 cintA rahita, kalAoM kA premI, sukhI aura

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nizcinto mRduranizaM kalAparo dhIralalitaH syAt / ' 2. dhIrazAntaH - sAmAnya guNo se yukta dvija Adi nAyaka to dhIra prazAnta kahalAtA hai| "sAmAnyaguNayuktastu dhIrazAnto dvijaadikH''| 3. dhIrodAttaH - utkRSTa antaHkaraNa (sattva) vAlA atyanta gambhIra, kSamAzIla AtmazlAghA nakarane vAlA, sthira ahaMbhAva ko dabAkara rakhane vAlA, dRDhavratI nAyaka dhIrodAtta kahalAtA hai 'mahAsatvo'tigambhIraH kssmaavaanviktthnH'| sthiro nigUDhAhaGkAro dhIrodAtto dRddh'vrtH||* dhIrodAtta kI paribhASA AcArya vizvanAtha ne dI haiavikatthanaH kSamAvAnatigambhIro mhaasttvH| stheyannigUDhamAno dhIrodAtto dRDhavrataH kthitH|' arthAt AtmazlAghA kI bhAvanAoM se rahita, kSamAzIla, ati gambhIra . duHkha-sukha meM prakRtistha, svabhAvataH sthira aura svAbhimAnI kintu vinIta kahA gayA hai| 4. dhIroddhataH - darpamAtsaryabhUyiSTho maayaacchdmpraaynnH| dhIroddhatastvahaGkArI calazcaNDo viktthnH||' dazarUpakam 21/pR. saM. 114 sAhityadarpaNa pR. saM. 140 sAhityadarpaNa pR. saM. 114 sAhityadarpaNa pR. saM. 214 sAhityadarpaNa pu. saM. 139, 3/32 dazarUpakam pR. saM. 120, 2/6 .

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arthAt jisame ghamaNDa aura DAha (mAtsarya) adhika hotA hai, jo mAyA aura kapaTa me kuzala hotA hai, ahaGkArI, caJcala, krodhI tathA AtmazlAghA karane vAlA hai, vaha dhIrodAtta nAyaka hai| dhIroddhata kA yahI svarUpa sAhityadarpaNa me bhI nirdiSTa hai - darpamAtsaryabhUyiSTho maayaacchdmpraaynnH| dhIroddhatastvahaMkArI calazcaNDo viktthnH|| arthAt jo ki mAyAyaTu ho, ugra svabhAva vAlA ho, sthira prakRti kA na ho, ahaMkAra aura darpa se bharA ho, aura jise nATakovida AtmazlAghA meM nirata kahA karate haiN| uparyukta caturvidha nAyakoM me pratyeka ke dakSiNa, dhRSTa, anukUla aura zaTha rUpa hone se saba milAkara nAyaka ke 16 bheda hote hai| zrI nemi jainamUghadUtam ke nAyaka hai| zrInemi ko hama dhIrodAtta nAyaka kaha sakate haiM kyoM ki ye utkRSTa antaH karaNa vAle atyanta gambhIra tathA dRDha - nizcayI hai| zrInemi vidvAnoM dvArA jainadharma ke bAisaveM tIrthakara ke rUpa meM mAne jAte haiN| mahAbhArata kAla meM inakA prAdurbhAva huA thaa| hari nAmaka prasiddha vaMza me utpanna samudra vijaya nAmaka rAjA ke putra the, inakI mAtA zivAdevI thiiN| zrInemi zrI kRSNa ke cacere bhAI the| isa prakAra zrI nemi yadukula meM utpanna hue zrInemi eka advitIya bAlaka the| inakA sUtikAkarma Adi dik kanyAoM ne kiyA thaa| ye zaizavakAla meM hI saba prakAra se puSTi prApta kara cuke the, kyoM ki vinA snAna ke hI sphaTika sadRza dhavala, vinA AbhUSaNoM ke hI atikAnti zAlI, vinA stanapAna ke hI, mAtra indriyapAna se hI, puSTa aMga

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vAle, tathA vinA zAstra darzana ke hI vidvAna pratIta ho rahe the| ataH zrI nemi kA rUpa saundarya bAlyakAla me bhI alaukika parama zobhA se yukta thaa| yuvAvasthA me zrInemi ke vyaktitva ke saundarya aura garimA kA to kahanA hI kyA? rAjImatI megha se apane svAmI kI sundaratA kA varNana karatI huI kahatI hai ki zrInemi ke pratyeka aMga ke kamala Adi kI upamA dI jA sakatI hai| parantu upamA dene ke bAda upamAdhikya doSa ho jAtA hai pUrNenduH zrIsadanavadanenAbjapatraM ca dRgbhyAM puSpAmodo mukhaparimalaiH riSTaralaM ca tlvaa| varye'dhei kvacidupamitiM dadhurevaM budhAzcedetAsyakairbhavati upmaadhikydossstthaapi||' arthAt nemi ke sundara vadana se pUrNacandra samAnatA ko prApta karatA hai, nemi ke netro se kamala-dala sadRzatA prApta karatA hai, nemi ke mukhaparimala se puSpa parAga bhI samAnatA ko prApta karatA hai, nemi ke zarIra se riSTaratna sadRzatA prApta karate haiN| yadi vidvajjana kahIM bhI varNanIya padArtha-samUhoM kI bhagavAna ke aGgoM dvArA upamA dete hai to bhI upamAdhikya doSa hotA hai| eka zloka meM to kavi ne kamala, kadalI stambha, gaMgA kA taTa Adi ko zrI nemi ke zarIra ke zalya mAnA hai padma padbhyAM ........ bAhupANidvayena' kamala unake caraNoM ke, kadalIstambha unakI urUoM ke, gaGgA kA taTa unakI kaTi ke, zoNa unakI nAbhi ke, pratolIdvAra unake vakSa ke, kalpavRkSa kI zAkhA unakI bhujA ke aura usake kisalaya unake karoM ke, pUrNacandra jainameghadUtam 1/24 jainameghadUtam 1/23

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unake zrImukha ke kamalapatra unake netroM ke, puSpa sugandha unake mukhAmoda ke aura uttamaratna unake zarIra ke zalya haiN| zrInemi dasa dhanuSa kI U~cAI ke barAbara the aura unakA zarIra nIlamaNi kI kAnti se yukta thaa| isa prakAra unakI sundaratA ko zabdoM dvArA vyakta karanA asambhava hai| zrInemi anupama vyaktitva ke dhanI the| jo bhI sambhAvya sarvotkRSTa guNa hai jaise- sAaubhAgya, atulita bala, janAhalAdaka rUpa lAvaNya, dUsaroM ko aprApta asImita jJAna maitrI, dhairya karUNA kSamA aura kAnti se yukta buddhimattA pUrNa vacana Adi ye saba guNa zrInemi prabhu meM hI prApta ho sakate haiN| eka zloka meM zrI neminAtha ke gaNoM kI mahanIyatA ke bAre meM kavi ne utprekSA kI hai ki zeSanAga ne neminAtha prabhu ke guNagAna ke lie hI hajAroM mukha dhAraNa kiye haiM evaM indra ne inheM dekhane ke lie hI hajAroM A~kheM lagA rakhI hai| brahmA pratidina prabhu zrInemi ke guNa gaNanA meM vyasta rahate hai| dina meM AkAza rUpI paTTikA ko mArjita kara rAtri meM prakAzita candramA kI kalaGka rUpI syAhI aura candramA rUpI dAvAta tathA usakI kiraNa rUpI lekhanI se tAroM rUpI aMko ke likhane ke vyAja se prabhu ke guNoM ko ginate hai| lekina Aja bhI una guNoM kI iyattA nahIM prApta kara ske| vyomatyAjAdahani kamanaH paTTikAM sampramRjya sphUrjallamAlakazazikhaTopAtramAdAya raatrau| ruglekhanyA gaNayati guNAn yasya nakSatralakSAdaGkAstanvanna khalu bhaveta'dyApi tessaamiyttaam|' jainameghadatam 1/26

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82 uparyukta varNano dvArA yaha jJAta hotA hai ki zrInemi ke guNoM kA varNana karane me brahmA bhI vyasta rahate hai / sAmAnya vyakti to unake guNoM kA varNana kara hI nahI sktaa| zrInemi ko saMsAra se kiJcit bhI lagAva nahIM hai| ve apane mAtA pitA dvArA vivAha hetu bAra bAra Agraha kiye jAne para unakI bAta ko asvIkAra nahI karate hai| balki bahuta sahajatA se yaha kahate hue unhe pratIkSA karane ko kahate haiM ki- 'lokaprItikAriNI zAma - mArdava, santoSa Adi guNo kI khAna ke samAna kisI kanyA koprApta karU~gA to usI se vivAha karU~gA' kahane kA abhiprAya hai ki loka prItikArI guNo se yukta eka mAtra dIkSA hI hai| mai samaya Ane para usI ko grahaNa karU~gA / zrInemi atyanta vinodI svabhAva ke haiN| eka bAra zrI nemi zrI kRSNa ke zastrAgAra meM praviSTa hue| vahA~ para unhoMne pAJcajanya zaMkha ko dekhaa| inhoMne dhvani sunane kI icchA se jaise hI use bajAnA cAhA ki vaise hI pratihArI ne kahA ki yaha zaMkha zrIkRSNa ke atirikta kisI anya dvArA nahIM bajAyA jA sakatA hai| pratihArI ke vacanoM ko sunakara zrI nemi ne zaMkha ko vinodapUrvaka hAtha meM dhAraNa kara bajA diyaa| zaMkha kI AvAja itanI adhika gambhIra thI jisako sunate hI zastrAdhyakSa saMjJA zUnya hokara pRthvI para gira par3e, ghoDe azvazAlA chor3akara aura hAthI gajazAlA chor3akara atyanta vega pUrvaka bhAgane lge| cAroM tarapha hA-hAkAra maca gayA sainiko ke hAthoM se zastra girane lage aura mahalo ke zikhara bhI Dhahane lge| zaMkha kI gambhIra dhvani se Darakara vIra loga rAjasabhA me ThiThake raha gaye, zrIkRSNa bhI, vyAkula hokara socane lage ki yaha kyA ho gyaa| zrInemi atyanta balazAlI the| ekabAra zrIkRSNa ne bhujabala kI parIkSA hetu mallabhUmi meM unakA AhvAna kiyaa| zrInemi ne kucha socakara zrIkRSNa se

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kahA ki hame sAmAnya logoM kI taraha mallabhUmi me nahIM lar3anA cAhie, hama dono me kauna kisakA hAtha moDa detA hai- isI se hama donoM ke bala kI parIkSA ho jaayegii| zrIkRSNa ne bhI isa bAta ko svIkAra kiyaa| prabhu zrInemi ke vAma hasta se sparza karate hI zrIkRSNa kI atyanta sudRDha bhujalatA kandhe taka svayaM jhuka gyii| zrIkRSNa ne socA ki akasmAt merI bhujA kamala nAla kI taraha kyoM ho gaI arthAt daiva yoga se hI aisA huA hai to aba maiM bhI isakI bhujA ko jhukAkara kyo na unake tulya balavAn bana jaauuN| zrInemi ne unake bhAva ko jAnakara apane vAma hasta ko zrIkRSNa kI ora baDhA diyaa| parantu pUrNarUpa se prayatna karane ke bAda bhI zrIkRSNa zrInemi kI bhujA ko usI prakAra jhukA nahIM pAye jisa prakAra samudra paryanta vistIrNa hue himAlaya kI dIrgha coTI ko hAthI nahIM jhukA pAtA hai| baliSTha zrIkRSNa zrInemi kI bhujA ko mukta kara unakA AliMgana karate hue bole- he bhaaii| saMsAra meM basanta Rtu kI sahAyatA se kAma aura vAyu kI sahAyatA se agni jisa prakAra ajeya ho jAte hai usI prakAra Apa bhI ajeya ho jAye vIkSApanno'pyadhihasamukho doSamunmucya doSmAnaGkepAliM dadaditi hariH svAminaM vyaajhaar| bhrAtaH / sthAmnA jagati bhavato'jarayanevAsamadya pradyumnAgnI iva madhunabhaH shvaassaahaayken|' unakI jitendriyatA kI jhalaka kaI sthAnoM para dRSTigata hotI hai udAharaNArtha vasanta Agamana para, zrIkRSNa kI patniyoM ke sAtha jalakrIDA Adi kA unake Upara koI prabhAva nahIM paDatA haiM yahA~ taka ki ve pANigrahaNa bhI nahIM karate haiN| . jainameghadUtam 1/49

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zrInemi dRDha saMkalpI the| eka bAra dIkSA grahaNa karane kA saMkalpa leneke bAda apane mArga se vicalita nahI hote hai| jaisA ki hama jAnate hai ki zrInemi jainadharma ke bAisave tIrthakara the| ataH uname Adarza mahApuruSa kA vyaktitva bhI dRSTigata hotI hai| unhe jIvana ke sarvocca lakSya kA jJAnahai / isa carama lakSya kI prApti ke lie saMsAra ke sukha Ananda Adi sabhI kucha tyAgakara dIkSAgrahaNa kara lete hai| rAjImatI rAjImatI jainameghadUtam kI nAyikA hai / rAjImatI kA caritrAMkana karane se pUrva hama kAvya zAstrIya dRSTi se nAyikAo ke bhedoM aura avasthAoM ke viSaya me batAnA cAhate haiN| tatpazcAt yaha bhI batAnA cAhate hai ki rAjImatI kisa prakAra kI nAyikA hai| 84 - kAvyAcAryo vizeSakara sAhityadarpaNakAra AcArya vizvanAtha tathA dazarUpakakAra AcArya dhanaJjaya aura kAvyadarpaNakAra ne kAvyAtmA rasa vivecana ke antargata Alambana AzrayarUpA nAyikA ko vibhinna bhedoM se prastuta kiyA hai| kAvyazAstrIya granthoM meM nAyikA bheda ke pramukha rUpa se 3 bheda milate hai- 1. svakIyA 2. parakIyA 3. sAdhAraNastrI / 'atha nAyikA tribhedA svAnyA saadhaarnnstriiti|" vinaya saralatA Adi guNo se yukta ghara ke kAma kAja meM nipuNa, pativratA strI svakIyA kahalAtI hai| 1 dazarUpakakAra ne bhI svakIyA nAyikA ke 3 bhedoM kA ullekha karate hue nimnalikhita paribhASA prastuta kiyA hai 'mugdhA madhyA pragalbheti svIyA zIlArjavAdiyuk' 2 vizvanAtha- sA.da. pR. 71, 3/56 dazarUpakam pR. saM. 135 1

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arthAt svakIyA nAyikA zIla tathA saralatA Adi se yukta hotI hai, vaha mugdhA, madhya, pragalbhA tInaprakAra kI hotI hai| sAhityadarpaNakAra ne svakIyA kI paribhASA - ' vinaryAjavAdiyuktA gRhakarmaparA pativratA svIyA' diyA hai|' parakIyA nAyikA para puruSa se anurAga karatI huI bhI use prakaTa na karane ke kAraNa parakIyA kI jAtI hai| sAmAnyA prAyaH vezyA hotI hai vaha dhIra evaM kalA pragalbha hotI hai| AcArya dhanaJjaya ke anusAra sAdhAraNastrI gaNikA klaapraaglbhydhaurtyyuk|''' ina nAyikAoM kI ATha avasthAeM hotI hai- 1. svAdhInapatikA 2. vAsakasajjA 3. virahotkaNThitA 4. khaNDitA 5. kalahAntaritA 6. vipralabdhA 7. proSitapriyA 8. abhisArikA / 1. svAdhInapatikA - svAdhInapatikA vaha nAyikA mAnI jAyA karatI hai jisakA praNayI usake prema kI Dora meM ba~dhA huA use chor3akara kahIM anyatra nahI jA sktaa| isake atirikta isakI yaha bhI vizeSatA hai ki (nAyaka keprati) isake vividha vilAsa bar3e vicitra aura manoraJjaka huA karate haiM kAnto ratiguNAkRSTo na jahAti yadantikam / vicitravibhramAsaktA sA syAtsvAdhInabhartRkA / / ' dazarUpakakAra ne svAdhInapatikA ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki 'jisa nAyikA kA pati samIpa meM sthita hai tathA usake adhIna hai aura jo prasanna hai vaha svAdhInapatikA hai ' AsannAyattaramaNA hRSTA svAdhInabhartRkA / * 1 85 2 3 * sA. da. pR0 72/3/56 dazarUpakam sAhityadarpaNa pR. saM. 168, 3 / 78 dazarUpakam pR. saM. 152

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2. vAsaka sajjA - priya ke Agamana kI AzA hone para jo harSa ke sAtha apane ko sajAtI hai vaha vAsakasajjA hai| 'mudA vAsakasajjA svaM maNDayatyeSyati priye|" AcArya vizvanAtha ne vAsakasajjA ke viSaya me apanA vicAra isa prakAra se prastuta kiyA hai - 'kurute maNDanaM yasyAH sajjite vaasveshmni| sA tu vAsakasajjA syaadvidvitiitysnggmaa||' arthAta 'vAsakasajjA vaha nAyikA hai jo, apane saje-dhaje raMgamahala meM, apanI sakhiyo dvArA sajAyI jAyA karatI hai aura apane priyatama se milane kI pratIkSA meM par3I rahA karatI hai| bharatamuni ke anusAra - ucite vAsake yA tu rtisNbhoglaalsaa| maNDanaM kurUte hRSTA sA vai vaajksaajjikaa||' 3. virahotkaNThitA - niraparAdha hote hue bhI priya ke dera karane para utkaNThita rahane vAlI nAyikA virahotkaNThitA kahalAtI hai 'cirayatyapyalIke tu virhotknntthitonmnaaH|' sAhityadarpaNakAra ke anusAra - 'virahotkaNThitA' vaha nAyikA hai jisakA priyatama, usase milane ke lie utsuka hone para bhI daivavaza, usase nahI mila pAtA aura isalie jise viyoga kI vyathA vihvala banA diyA karatI AgantuM kRtacitto'pi daivannAyAti ytpriyH| dazarUpakam pR. saM. 153 sAhityadarpaNa 3/85 nATyazAstra 22-213

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4. khaNDitA - kAvyamarmajJa usa nAyikA ko khaNDitA kahA karate hai jisakA hRdaya apane premI ke prati isalie IrSyA se kaluSita ho jAyA karatA hai kyo ki vaha apanI kisI dUsarI premikA ke sAtha apane prema sambhoga ko sUcita karane vAlI veSa-bhUSA me usake pAsa AyA-jAyA karatA hai| dazarUpakAra bhI isa khaNDitA paribhASA se adhika prabhAvita pratIta ho rahe haiM 'jJAte'nyAsaGgavikRte khaNDiterSyAkaSAyitA / " 5. kalahAntaritA krodha se (aparAdhayukta nAyaka ko ) tiraskRta karake pazcAttApa kI pIDA ( kA anubhava karane) vAlI kahalAntaritA nAyikA hai- 'klhaantritaa'mrssaadvidhuute'nushyaartiyuk'|' 6. vipralabdhA - priyatama ke nizcita samaya para na Ane ke kAraNa atyadhika apamAnita hone vAlI vipralabdhA kahalAtI hai'vipralabdhoktasamayamaprApte'tivimAnitA / ' nATyAcArya bharatamuni ne vipralabdhA kA yaha lakSaNa kiyA hai yasyAH dUtIM priyaH preSya datvA saMketameva vA nAgataH kAraNeneha vipralabdhA tu sA bhavet / / nATyazAstra 22/218 7. proSitapriyA - jisa nAyikA kA priya kisI kAryase dUsare dUra deza me sthita hotA hai, vaha proSita priyA kahalAtI hai / 'dUradezAntasthe tu 1 - 2 dazarUpakam 2/40 pR. 154 daza pR. 155 saM. 2/41

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kaarytHprossitpriyaa|" sAhityadarpaNakAra eva nATyazAstrakAra ne bhI yahI svarUpa nirUpaNa kiyA hai nAnAkAryANi samdhAya yasyA vai proSitaH priyH| sA rUDhAlakakezAntA bhavet prossitbhrtRkaa|| 8. abhisArikA - kAvya kovidoM kI dRSTi meM abhisArikA vaha nAyikA huA karatI hai jo ki kAma ke vaza meM par3I yA to apane praNayI ko apane pAsa bulAyA karatI hai yA svayaM apane praNayI ke pAsa pahu~cA karatI hai abhisArayate kAntaM yA mnmthvshNvdaa| svayaM vAbhisaratyeSA dhiirairuuktaabhisaarikaa||' jainameghadUtam kI nAyikA rAjImatI ko hama svakIyA varga ke antargata rakha sakate haiM kyoki vaha pativratA nArI hai| parantu nAyikA rAjImatI vivAha ke lie sajakara taiyAra hai vaha atyAdhika harSa ke sAtha apane svAmI ke Agamana kI pratIkSA karatI haiN| ataH yahA~ para rAjImatI kI vAsakasajjAvasthA pAyI jAtI hai| zrI nemi bArAtiyo ke bhojanArtha lAye gaye pazuoM ke karUNa cItkAra ko sunakara virakta ho jAte hai aura vivAha sthala se tatkAla hI vApasa hokara parvata zreSTha pavitra raivataka para Atma-zAnti evaM adhyAtmika sukha prApti hetu cale jAte hai| zrI nemi meM to jainadharma ke bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara hone ke kAraNa devatva guNa vidyamAna hai aura apane mArga se vicalita nahIM hote haiN| parantu rAjImatI to sAMsArika nAriyoM kI taraha hai| usameM bhI Adarza nArI ke sampUrNa guNa vidyamAna hai, ataH ve pati dvArA pANi grahaNa asvIkAra karake cale jAne para atyadhika vyAkula ho jAtI hai| yahA~ para ve proSitapatikA nAyikA hai| dazarUpakam pR. 156 2/43 nATyazAkha 22-299 sAhityadarpaNa 3/76

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AcArya merUtuGga ne jainameghadUtam me nAyaka ke caritra ko hI U~cA nahIM dikhalAyA hai varan nAyikA ke caritra ko bhI sarvocca zikhara para pahuMcA diyaa| kavi ne rAjImatI kA caritra citraNa karake yaha dikhalA diyA hai ki nArI kevala bhoga-vilAsa kI vastu nahI hai, balki vaha saccI jIvana saMginI hai| nAyikA apane pati kI tapasyA me bAdhaka na banakara sAdhaka bana gayI hai| kavi ne rAjImatI ke caritra kA citraNa karake nArI jAti ko gauravAnvita kiyA hai aura bhAratIya nAriyoM me AdhyAtmika samunnati kA tvalanta pramANa prastuta kiyA hai| jainameghadUtam me rAjImatI kI nimnAMkita caritragata vizeSatAeM dRSTigata hotI hai| rAjImatI me hRdayapakSa kI pradhAnatA hai| ve purUSa kI taraha buddhi pradhAna nahI hai| ve chala, kapaTa, dveSa, IrSyA Adi durguNo se dUra hai| usake hRdaya me dayA, prema, karUNA, sahAnubhUti Adi jaise guNa vidyamAna hai| rAjImatI ke hRdaya pakSa kI pradhAnatA kAvya meM prArambha se lekara anta taka dRSTigata hotI hai| vaha atyadhika bhAvuka hai apane svAmI ke viyoga meM itanA Atura ho jAtI hai ki acetana megha dvArA apanA sandeza zrI nemi ke pAsa bhejatI hai| usakI bhAvukatA ko dekhate hue usakI sakhiyA~ samajhAtI hai ki 'kahA~ vaha acetana megha aura kahA~ kuzala vaktAoM dvArA kahA jAne vAlA tumhArA sandeza? kisake sAmane kyA kaha rahI ho-yahI bhI tumhe jJAta nahI: 'kiM kasyAye kathayasi sakhi! prAjJacUDAmaNervA no doSaste prakRti vikRtermoha evAtra mUlam / / " rAjImatI ke hRdaya meM zrI kRSNa kI bhAryAoM ke prati kiJcit bhI IrSyA aura dveSa kI bhAvanA nahIM hai| vaha zrIkRSNa kI una patniyoM ko dhanya mAnatI hai jainameghadUtam 4/38

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jinhone parivAra ke sadasyo kI icchA se khelate hue zrI nemi ko dekhA hai? ve apane ko abhAgina strI mAnatI hai kyoki ve jaise hI apane svAmI kA smaraNa karatI hai vaise hI mUrcchita ho jAtI hai, ataH vaha zrI nemi kA smaraNa bhI nahI kara pAtI hai: 'dhanyaH manye jaladhara! harereva bhAryAH sa yAbhidRSTo dRgbhiH parijanamamuzchandavRtyApi kheln| kasmAjjajJe punariyamahaM mandabhAgyAstricelI yA tasyaivaM smaraNamapi hA mUcchanApThyA lven|' rAjImatI zrI nemi se itanA prema karatI hai ki use zrI nemi kI tulanA me anya rAjakumAra patthara baher3A kAMca ke Tukar3e tathA tAre pratIta hote hai| rAjImatI kA svAmI to usakI dRSTi meM svarNazikhara, kalpavRkSa, cintAmaNi tathA sUrya hai| vaha apane svAmI ke viyoga meM yoginI kI taraha unakA dhyAna karatI huI sampUrNa jIvana ko vyatIta karane kI pratijJA kara letI hai| isa prakAra - vaha bhAratIya nArI ke eka patitva ke Adarza ko prastuta kI hai| arntadvandvatA kI pradhAnatA nArI me sadaiva se vidyamAna rahI hai| usameM bhAvapraNatA hone ke kAraNa aMtaH saMgharSa svabhAvika hai| nArI kA bAhya pakSa gaMbhIra aura zAMta hotA hai parantu usake antaHkaraNa kI thAha koI nahIM le sakatA hai| nArI ke hRdaya meM arntadvandvatA se paripUrNa hajAroM lahareM uThatI haiM, jise samajhanA kaThina hai| ThIka isI prakAra jainameghadUtam kI nAyikA ke antaHkaraNa meM aneka prakAra ke arttadvandva uThate hai| rAjImatI jaba zrI nemi kA gavAkSa se darzana karatI hai ve hAthI para savAra hue, nAsikA para dRSTi lagAye hue tathA candana rAga ko - jainameghadUtam 2/24

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lagAne se gauravarNa vAle aura zubhra pavitra veSa vAle eka tarapha bhogI ke rUpa me dikhalAI dete hai to dUsarI tarapha padamAsana para baiThe nAsikA para dRSTi lagAye yogI ke rUpa me dikhalAI dete hai| zreyaH sArAgamamupayamAghaGgamagyAsansthaM....... yoginaMvA jai0 3/38 unake usa rUpa kA darzana karate samaya usame mohasamudra umaDa paDatA hai, usa samudra kI taraGga mAlAo se caJcalacitta vAlI jaDI bhUta hokara kSaNa bhara ke lie jaDI bhUta ho jAtI hai vaha kauna hai zrI nemi kauna hai vaha kyA kara rahI hai ityAdi kucha bhI jAna nahIM pAtI haiN| cetanatA Ane para vaha Age vicAra karatI huI megha se kahatI hai ki megha kahA~ to tribhuvana pati kahA~ tuccha jIva maiM phira bhI zrInemi nAtha vivAha hetu mere dvAra taka A phuNce| para dakSiNa netra ne phaDakakara mere bhAgya bhAva ko batAte hue mere kAma se yukta manoratha rUpI kamala samUho ko saMkucita banA diyA hai, arthAt inase vivAha hogA yA nahIM aisI AzaMkA mana me anAyAsa hI utpanna ho gii| isa prakAra rAjImatI meM aneka prakAra ke antardvandva uThate hai| rAjImatI manovaijJAnika bhI hai| usake manovaijJAnikatA kA paricaya prathama megha darzana se milatA hai| rAjImatI ne megha aura virahiNI striyoM ke kriyAkalApo ko atyanta manovaijJAnika DhaMga se vyakta kiyA hai nIlenIle zitilapanayan varSayatyazruvarNan garjatyasmin paTu kaTu raTan vidyayatyauNyamiryan / varSAsvevaM prabhavati zuce vipralabdho'mbuvAhe vAmAvargaH prakRtikuhanaH spardhate'nena yuktam / / ' jainameghadUtam 1/6

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arthAt varSAkAla me svabhAva se IrSyAlu virahiNIstriyA~ apane zoka ko utpanna karane vAle megha se jo IrSyA karatI hai vaha ThIka hI hai| (kyo ki) megha ke jo nIlatulya zyAmavarNa vAlA hone para virahiNI striyA~ bhI mukha ko zyAma banA letI hai aura jaba vaha megha barasatA hai to virahiNI striyA~ bhI azru barasAtI hai jaba vaha megha garajatA hai to ve bhI cAturya pUrNa kaTu vilApa karatI hai aura jaba megha bijalI camakatA hai to ve bhI uSNaniHzvAsa chor3atI hai| 92 anyatra sthaloM para rAjImatI ne ati manovaijJAnika DhaMga se nAvAmbuda aura kRSNa ke kRSNatva ko prastuta karatI hai| usakA kahanA hai ki dezasvAmI kRSNa aura navAmbuda ye donoM hI apane jisa arjita pApa se kRSNatva ko prApta hue hai use mai jAnatI huuN| unameM se eka yaha ki deza svAmI kRSNa to hamAre pati ke dvArA kI gaI nyAya kI hatyA kA niSedha na karane ke kAraNa kRSNatva ko prApta hue hai aura zrI nemi kRSNa ke anuja the hI dUsarA yaha megha gahana viyoga me agni tulya santApa pahu~cAne ke kAraNa kRSNatva ko prApta huA hai kRSNoM dezaprabhurabhinavazcAmbudaH viprayoge'gnisargAt / ' ...... rAjImatI vyavahAra kuzala bhI hai| vaha acetana megha se vaisA hI vyavahAra karatI hai jaisA eka cetana prANI ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai ise bhalI bhA~ti jJAta hai ki kisI se kArya sampAdita karAne se pUrva sarvaprathama usase dhaniSTatA sthApita karanI caahie| ataH ve megha se ghaniSTatA sthApita karatI hai anta meM megha se apanA sandeza zrI nemi ke pAsa pahu~cAne ke lie prArthanA karatI hai / 1 rAjImatI megha ko apane svAmI se sandeza kahane ke lie ucita samaya batAtI hai ve kahatI haiM 'hai dhImana / jaba zrI nemi bhagavAn samajanya sukha rasa ke pAna se pUrNa hokara kucha-kucha A~khe khole tabhI tuma unake caraNa kamaloM meM bhramara lIlA karate hue zAnta evaM saumya hokara madhura vacanoM se sandeza khnaa| jainameghadUtam 1/5

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rAjImatI me tarka zakti karane kI adbhuta kSamatA hai| upAlambha se paripUrNa usakA eka eka tarka sahRdaya rasika ke antastala ko bhedate hue pratIta hote hai svAmI zrI nemi ke vairAgya se rAjImatI atyanta santrasta ho jAtI hai aura taba marmAhata usake arntahRdaya se udbhUta manobhAva upAlambha ke rUpa meM pariNata hokara phUTa par3ate hai| rAjImatI apane svAmI se prazna karatI hai ki 'he naath| vivAha kAla me navIna tathA sthira premavAlI jisa mujhako Apane madhura tathA ghRtAkta kintu zItala kSaireyI kI taraha hAtha se bhI nahI huA thA, kAmAgni se atyanta uSNa ho evaM vASpapUrita evaM ananya muktA usI mujhako navIna kAnti vAle Apa Aja kyo nahI svIkAra karate haiN|' yAM kSaireyImiva navarasA nAtha vIvAhakAle .... ...... na sviikriyte| rAjImatI apane pati se yaha bhI tarka karatI hai ki 'he vibho yadi Apa bAda me muni banakara tyAganA cAhate the to pahale svajanoM kI buddhi se mujhako svIkAra hI kyo kiyA thaa| sabhI sajjana puruSa nizcala buddhi hone ke kAraNa 'hara zazi kalA nyAya) se unhIM unhIM vastuo ko svIkAra karate haiM jinakA nirvAha ve kara sakate haiN| ve Age tarka karatI hai 'AsI: pazcAdapi yadi vibho ! mAM mumukSurmumukSuH bhUtvA tatki prathamamurarIcarkarISi svbuddhyaa| santaH sarve'pyataralatayA tattadevAdriyante yannivoDhuM harazazikalAnyAyataH shknuvnti||' jainameghadUtam 4/15 jainameghadUtam 4/168 jainameghadUtam 4/16

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rAjImatI zrInemi se yaha jAnanA cAhatI hai ki jaba Apa pazuoM ke duHkho ko nAza karake unhe Anandita karate hai to apane bhakta mujhako vacano se hI kyoM nahIM Anandita karate hai| rAjImatI kI tArkika zakti jainameghadUtam ke caturtha aMka me darzanIya hai| rAjImatI viduSI mahilA hai| usake bheje gaye sandezoM me hame AdhyAtmikatA, dArzanikatA, manovaijJAnikatA Adi kI jhalaka milatI hai| rAjImatI kA sAhityika jJAna bhI uccakoTi kA hai| usane vividha alaMkAroM sUktiyo kA bhI sundara prayoga kiyA hai, usakI bhASA zuddha evaM parimArjita hai| udAharaNArtha rAjImatI ko nyAya darzana kA bhI jJAna hai| isakA patA usake vicAro se lagatA hai| ve kahatI hai ki pratyakSAdi pramANoM kI taraha smRti ko pramANa na mAnane vAle akSapAda mere vicAra se sahI nahIM hai arthAt unakA siddhAnta anubhava virUddha hai| jaba Apa mere dvAra se lauTa rahe the to maiMne pratyakSa Apako dekhA thA, jaba bAje gAje ke sAtha Apa vana ko jA rahe the jaba anubhava kiyA ki Apa vana ko prasthAna kara rahe haiM aura sakhiyoM ne kahA ki - zrI nemi ne dIkSA le lI hai to zabda pramANa ke dvArA Apake sanyasta hone ko jaanaa| tInoM pramANoM se jAnakArI hone para duHkha huA hI para jaba Apa smRti patha para Ate haiM arthAt ApakA jaba maiM smaraNa karatI haiM taba to aura bhI kaSTa hotA hai| isalie merA anubhava hai ki pratyakSAdi pramANoM kI taraha smRti ko bhI pramANa koTi meM naiyAyiko ko rakhanA caahie|' 'no pratyakSAnumitisamayairlakSyamANaH . . . . na dkssH|' rAjImatI dArzanikoM ke AdhAra aura Adheya meM mAtra aupacArika bheda ko svIkAra nahIM karatI hai ve kahatI hai ki hamArA hRdaya AdhAra haiN| Apa Adheya hai donoM meM spaSTa rUpa se antara hai kyoM ki hamArA hRdaya kleza magna hai aura jainameghadUtam 4/31

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Apa Ananda magna hai| vaha gADha bhogaiSaNA vAlA hai aura Apa niSkAma hai vaha mUDha hai Apa vijJa ziromaNa hai vaha tapita hai Apa zItalAtmA hai| vaha spaSTa hI rAga yukta hai aura Apa virakta hai| ataH AdhAra aura Adheya mAtra aupacArika nahI spaSTa bheda hai| klezAviSTe pramuditamatirdIrghatRSNe vitRSNe mUDhe mUDhetaraparivRDhastApite nirvRtaatmaa| tyaktaM rakte vasati hRdaye cedviraktomamezA''dhArAdheye tadupacarite kena bhedaantrenn||' AdhyAtmikatA kA paricaya nimnalikhita me milatA hai - rAjImatI zrI nemi ko samajhAtI hai ki Apa jisa mukti kAntA ko apanAnA cAhate hai vaha nirguNA hai, akulInA hai, adarzanIyA hai, gotra aura zarIra kA nAza karane vAlI hai tathA rAga rahita hai, isa prakAra kI mukti ke prabala icchuka Apa kevala nivRtti isa nAma se hI usameM Asakta hokara yadi sundara lalanAoM ko tyAga dete haiM to isa saMsAra meM Apake lie koI sthAna nahI hai arthAt Apa isa saMsAra me rahane yogya nahIM hai|' rAjImatI ko bhASA kA bhI acchA jJAna haiM apane sandeza meM vaha sthAnasthAna para sUktiyoM lokoktiyoM kA prayoga karatI hai, rAjImatI megha se kahatI hai ki zrI nemi aura zrIkRSNa kA pramadavana meM Agamana honepara grISma Rtu donoM kA svAgata karatA hai| isake bAda garjanA karate hue hAthI vAle zrIkRSNa ne phale hue vRkSoM ko dekhakara pIle pIle pake hue rasIle baDe baDe phaloM ko aise toDa jainameghadUtam 4/32 jainameghadUtam 4/25,26

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liyA jaise vidvAna kavi sarigrantho ke nirdoSa artha vAle sUkti samUha ko grahaNa kara letA hai - garjadagarjaH phalamatha lalau lIlayA'nAzravArthaM sAragranthAn kaviriva sudhIH sadguNaM sUktajAtam / / ' isI prakAra eka anyasthala para rAjImatI grISma Rtu ke dina aura rAtri kI vAstavika sthiti se paricaya karAtI hai| dina nirantara apane pratApa ke sAtha baDhatA rhaa| para rAtri apanI zItalatA ke kAraNa ghaTatI hI gaI to isame Azcarya kI koI bAta nahIM kyoM ki nirmala svabhAva vAle loga prAyaH unnati karate hai aura malina svabhAva vAle kSINatA ko prApta hote haiN| uparyukta sUktiyo ko dekhate hue hama kaha sakate hai ki rAjImatI ko bhASA para adhikAra hai| usane sAdhAraNa sI bAta ko sUktiyoM meM piro diyA hai| kahI kahIM to apanI bhASA ko upamAdi alaMkAroM se isa prakAra alaMkRta kiyA hai ki sAmAnya vyakti usakI kalpanA nahIM kara sakatA hai| rAjImatI ke bAhya saundarya ke viSaya meM alaga se kucha bhI nahIM milatA hai| parantu usakI sundaratA kA patA usI dvArA kahe gaye sandezoM se lagA sakate udAharaNArtha - rAjImatI zrI nemi se kahatI hai ki 'Apake jyeSTha bhrAtA zrIkRSNa eka hajAra sundariyoM ke sAtha krIDAgAra meM avizrAnta rUpa se vihAra karate hai aura Apa itanA samartha hote hue bhI eka sundarI ko bhI svIkAra karane kA utsAha nahIM krte|" / jainameghadUtam 2/38 jainameghadUtam 4/19

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uparyukta zloko se jJAta hotA hai ki rAjImatI atyanta sundarI hai, eka zloka se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki vaha gauravarNa kI hai| AcArya merutuGga ne rAjImatI ke bAhya zArIrika saundarya ke viSaya meM rUci na lekara usake Antarika saundarya ko nikhArA haiN| inake kAvya kI nAyikA atyanta bhAvuka dRDhAnurAgiNI tathA Adarza ramaNI hai| isake sAtha buddhimatI evaM viduSI bhI hai| rAjImatI atyadhika bhAvuka hai tabhI to ve sUkSma se sUkSma vastuoM ko atyanta bhAvukatA ke sAtha dekhatI hai aura use megha se varNana karatI hai| eka sthAna para ve varNana karatI hai ki saMsAra meM sabhI zoka se vimukta ho jAte haiM parantu mai hamezA ke lie zoka pAtra ho gaI huuN| krokI zokAdvasativigame ........ tvAbhavaM bhoH| 4/9 arthAta he medha! rAta ke bItane para cakravAkI dina ke anta me cakorI tathA zIta evaM grISmaRtu ke samApta hone para varSAkAla meM mayUrI zoka se mukta hotI hai| parantu mere svAmI zrI remi ne mujhe pUrNa yauvana me usI prakAra tyAga diyA jaise sAMpa kecula ko chor3a detA hai| aba maiM janma bhara ke lie usI prakAra zoka kA pAtra ho gaI hU~ jisa prakAra tAlAba hamezA ke lie jala kA pAtra ho jAtA hai| eka sthAna para ve apane hRdaya ko dhikkArate hue kahatI hai ki 'he hRdaya tuma do Tukar3e kyoM nahIM ho jAte ho| vaha atyanta dRDhAnurAgiNI hai sakhiyoM dvArA samajhAye jAne para ki anya kisI guNa sampanna rAjakumAra se to tumhArI zAdI ho hI jaayegii| cintA mata kre| sakhiyoM kI isa prakAra kI vANI use jale para namaka chiDakane jaisI lagatI hai| ataH ve unhIM ke samakSa pratijJA kara letI hai ki maiM yoginI kI

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98 taraha una bhagavAna zrI nemi ke dhyAna me hI apanA sArA jIvana vyatIta kara lU~gI "kvAnye bhUpAH kva bhuvanagurustasya tadyoginIva dhyAnAnneSye samayamiti tAH pratyatha pratyajAni / " 3/54 zrI nemi dvArA pANigrahaNa asvIkAra karane para aura chor3akara cale jAne para rAjImatI unake AneM kI AzA ko hRdaya meM rakhakara pratIkSA karatI hai| isa prakAra uparyukta sabhI bhAvo se usake bhAvuka dRDhAnurAgiNI kA paricaya milatA hai| yadyapi rAjImatI zreSTha rUpa raMgoM vAlI hai aura usakI vilakSaNa buddhimatI bhI hai phira bhI vaha zrI nemi ko jIta nahIM pAtI hai| antataH vaha apane jIvana kI sArthakatA zrI nemi ke samIpa jAkara dIkSA grahaNa karane meM, tathA unhI ke dhyAna me lIna hokara svAmI kI taraha rAga dveSa Adi se mukta hokara paramAnanda ke sarvasva mokSa kI prApti meM mAnatI hai isa prakAra jainameghadUtam kI nAyikA kAlidAsa ke meghadUtam kI nAyikA se pRthak pratIta hotI haiN| rAjImatI bhI viduSI, pativratA buddhimatI hai| parantu ve vidhidha kalAoM meM pravINa nahI hai jaisA ki yakSapatnI viyoga ke vyAkula kSaNoM me apane santapta mana ko sAntvanA dene ke lie kabhI kabhI aise bhAva pUrNa gItoM kI racanA karatI thI jisameM pati kA nAma ullekha hotA thA aura vINA bajAkara una pado ko gAne kA prayatna karatI thii| kabhI kabhI apanI priyatamA ke viyoga se kRza hue pati kA citra khIcakara manovinoda karatI thii| jainameghadUtam kI nAyikA apanI smRti paTala para hara kSaNa svAmI kA citra aMkita rakhatI hai| vaha asAdhAraNa strI hai| usakA saMyama, tapa aura tyAga, saundarya cirantana aura adhUmila hai| zrIkRSNa - kAvya meM zrIkRSNa kA varNana bahuta vistRta rUpa meM nahIM kiyA gayA hai| kucha zlokoM dvArA yaha jJAta hotA hai ki zrIkRSNa kA janma

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yaduvaMza me huA thaa| zrIkRSNa ke samaya ko mahAbhArata kAla ke antargata rakha sakate haiN| zrInemi inake cacere bhrAtA tho| inhone rAjanIti kI zikSA dI thii| zrIkRSNa nIlakAnti se yukta the aura unakI lambAI dasa dhanuSa ke barAbara thii| zrIkRSNa kuzala yoddhA bhI the| isalie unhone eka zastrAgAra bhI banavA rakhA thA jisameM sarala AyudhoM tathA tIkSNa dhAra vAle bANoM se yukta utkRSTa zobhA vAlI zastra zreNI thii| usa zastrAgAra meM pAJcajanya zaMkha rakhA huA thA jise zrI kRSNa bajA sakate the| ise bajAne para pralayakArI sthiti A jAtI thii| eka bAra zrI nemi ne isa zaMkha ko bajA kara pralayakArI sthiti lA dI zrIkRSNa bahuta bIra the| unakI bhujA me lAkho hAthiyoM ke samAna bala thaa| zrIkRSNa meM IrSyA bhAva nahI thA ve pUre Atma vizvAsa ke sAtha zrI nemi se laDate hai| ve hAra jAte hai phira bhI nirAza nahI hote haiN| zrIkRSNa vinodI svabhAva ke the| ve apane parijanoM evaM zrI nemi ke sAtha udyAna meM krIDA khelate hai| zrIkRSNa vidvAna bhI the| tabhI to ve pake hue rasIle bar3e bar3e phaloM ko usI prakAra tor3a lete haiM jisa prakAra vidvAna kavi sAra grantho ke nirdoSa artha vAle sUkti samUha ko grahaNa kara letA hai darza darza phalitaphaladAnapAkimaM pItalatvaM vibhradvabhuH sarasamakRzaM vAnazAlATavAnyat / garjadgarjaH phalamatha lalau lIlayA'nAzravArtha sAragranthAn kaviriva sudhIH sadguNaM sUktajAtam / / ' jainameghadUtam 2/38

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100 zrIkRSNa vilAsI thI the| ve zre nemi aura apanI patniyoM ke sAtha vasanta Rtu kA pUrA Ananda lete hai| unake sAtha bAvalI meM kaI bAra sthAna karate hai aura sundara sundara sarovaro ko dekhate hai tathA pradhAna sarita vApiyoM meM zrI nemi evaM apanI striyo kebIca sundara zarIra vAle zrIkRSNa hAthoM se jala samUha ko ulIcate huemadabharI dRSTi se kAmAnurakta striyo ke sAtha matavAle hAthI ke samAna jalakrIDA karate hai| zrIkRSNa vivAha saMskAra ko Avazyaka mAnate hai / zrI nemi dvArA vivAha asvIkAra kiye jAne para inhe svayaM samajhAne kA prayAsa karate haiM tathA apanI patniyo dvArA bhI vivAha ke prastAva ko svIkAra karAne meM pUrNataH sakSama hote hai| zrI kRSNa atyadhika vinamra svabhAva ke haiN| ve svayaM zrI nemi ke vivAha kA prastAva lekara rAjImatI ke pitA ke pAsa jAte haiM aura nItivAkyo kA kathana karate hue rAjImatI ko zrI nemi ke lie mAMga lete haiM 'dugdhaM snigdhaM samayatu sitAM rohiNIpArvaNenduM haimI mudrA maNimurughRNiM kalpavallI sumerum / dugjAmbhodhiM tridazataTinItyAdibhiH sAmavAkyaiH, zrInemyarthaM jhagiti ca sa madvIjinaM mAM yayAce / / ' jaise zakarA snigdha dugdha se milatI hai, rohiNI nakSatra pAvarNacandra se milatI hai, svarNamudrikA adhika kAntivAlI maNi se milatI hai, kalpalatA sumerU se milatI hai usI prakAra rAjImatI zrI nemi se mile isa prakAra nIti vAkyo ko kahate hue zrI kRSNa ne zIghra hI mere pitA se mujhe maaNgaa| jainameghadUtam 3/23

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102 zrI kRSNa kI satyabhAmAdi patniyoM kA caritrAGkana zrIkRSNa kI satyabhAmAdi patniyA~ viduSI haiN| ve atyAdhika sundara haiN| ve apane netro se kAma ko parAsta karane meM sakSama haiN| satyabhAmAdi pativratA nAriyaoN hai, ve pati kA izArA pAte hI saba milakara zrI nemi ko samajhAne me saMlagna ho jAtI haiN| kAvya meM inakA zrI nemi ke sAtha jalakrIr3A kA varNana ramaNIya r3haMga se ullekhita hai| sarvaprathama usa zrI kRSNa patnI kA ullekha milA hai jisaneM phUlo evaM naye-naye lAla patto se gu~thI jisa para bhauroM kA samUha maeNDarA rahA ho, aisI mAlA ko zrI nemi ko pahanA diyA hai| eka dUsarI kRSNa patnI kA ullekha milatA haiM, jo narma paNDitA hai| ve candana rasa ke naye-naye lavoM se zrI nemi ke sundara zarIra para vindu vinyAsa pUrvaka patravallI kI racanA karatI hai| phira unake sira para phUloM ke mukUTa ko rakhakara dina me hI candra evaM tArAo se yukta AkAza ko dikhalAne lgii| eka anya zrI kRSNa patnI haiM, jinheM bandhana mokSa, AtmA-paramAtmA ke viSaya me bhI jJAna hai ve zrI nemi se prazna karatI hai ki he lokottara / tuma mUrtimAna rAgapAza se ba~dhe hone para mokSa ko kaise prApta karoge? isa prakAra ke prazna ke bahAne zrI nemi ke kaTipradeza ko usI prakAra bA~dha detI haiM jaise prakRti AtmA ko bA~dha letI hai| kisI anya patnI ne candana rasa se bhigoye hue tathA paktiyoM meM rakhe hue sarasa phUloM se zrI nemi nAtha ke vakSasthaloM ko Dhaka diyaa| yadupati zrI kRSNa kI patniyA~ zveta tathA komala sAr3iyoM ko pahanane ke kAraNa prazaMsanIya haiN| ve apane kaTAkSoM se sAre jagata ko parAsta kara detI hai|

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103 kRSNa kI patniyA~ jalakrIr3A meM nipuNa hai| ve svarNima picakAriyo ko suzobhita jaloM ke raMgoM se bharakara muskurAte hue una bhagavAna zrI nemi ko sarAbora kara detI hai| ye ramaNIyA~ apane devara se atyAdhika prema karatI hai| ve sahasradala kamala puSpa ko tor3akara zrI nemi ke kAnoM meM pahanA detI hai kyoMki ve nahIM cAhatI ki yaha kamala parAsta hokara anya ke mukhakamala kI sevA kre| eka zrI kRSNa patnI ne zveta kamalo ko yaha kahakara zrI nemike gale meM pahanA diyA ki 'eka tU mere devara ke nirmala netroM se spardhA kara rahA hai|' rUkmiNI to zrI nemi ko sAkSAt kAmadeva kahatI hai| jainameghadUtam meM jaina dvArA ATha mUla karma prakRtiyoM kI tulanA kRSNa kI ATha paTarAniyo se kI gaI hai| usame sarvaprathama rUkmiNI kA varNana milatA hai| jo bahuta vinamra tathA ha~samukha hai| ve piduSI bhI hai| ve zrI nemi ko pANigrahaNa hetu bAdhya karatI hai| unakI prazaMsA karatI huI kahatI hai ki Apa hamArI bAto ko pRthvI kI taraha sahana karate hai, tabhI to hama niHsaMkoca bAta kara letI haiN| ve zrI nemi kI sundaratA ko strI ke binA vyartha batAtI hai / rUpaM - - - strIrabhUmiH 3/8 arthAt he devara kAma tumhAre rUpa ko dekhakara lajjita ho gayA arthAt chupa gyaa| indra ne Apake lAvaNya ko dekhane ke lie hajAroM netra dhAraNa kiye aura vana zrI ne to una donoM (rUpa aura lAvaNya) ke utkarSa ko aura bhI sajA diyA hai jaise zarada Rtu, candra aura sUrya zobhA vyartha hai| dUsarI paTarAnI kA nAma jAmbavatI hai jo bahuta tarka pUrNa vAkya zrI nemi ke samakSa prastuta karatI hai aura unase prazna karatI hai 'he devr| isa bAta ko Apa kyoM nahIM socate ki Adideva jaise mokSa kArya ke bhI pravartaka hai| to Apa usa daivI mArga ko chor3ane vAle koI navIna sarvajJa haiM kyA?

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104 'nAbheyopakramamiha yathA zreyaso'dhvA--..-jambivatyapyagAsIt / / ' tIsarI paTarAnI lakSmaNA hai jo zrI nemi ko samajhAte hae kahatI hai ki ve loga hI lakSmIvAn haiM jinakI lakSmI megha ke jala kI taraha dUsaroM ke upayoga ke kAma AtI hai| yadi ApakA rUpa samudra ke jala kI taraha dUsaroM ke kAma Ane vAlA nahIM hai to kyA Apa bhI, saMsAra me usI samudra kI taraha virakta nahI kahe jaayege| isa prakAra zrI nemi ko paropakAra karane ke lie kahatI hai| cauthI patnI kA nAma sImA hai jo mitabhASiNI hai| ve gRhastha Azrama ko bahuta adhika mahattva detI hai| ve zrI nemi ko samajhAte hue kahatI hai ki 'gRhastha brahmA kI taraha niSkAma hokara acchA nahIM mAnA jAtA hai| ataH Apa gurUjano kI bAta mAnakara upanI dvitIya patnI ko grahaNa kara Age ke saubhAgyAdi ko usI prakAra prApta kareMge jaise sabhI zuklapakSoM meM candramA dvitIya tithi kA vistAra kara agrima kalAoM ko prApta karatA hai|2| ____ pA~cavI paTarAnI gaurI haiN| ye zrI nemi se atyadhika prema karatI haiN| ye premakrodha ke kAraNa lAla ho jAtI haiN| gaurI vyaMgAtmaka zailI meM apanI bAta prastuta karatI haiM, inakA kahanA hai ki he AryApara! jo nArI bhagavAn zrI zAntinAtha jaise mukhyajinoM ke dvArA bhI mAnya hai usa nArI se dveSa karane vAle tuma kauna se siddha ho? aura bhI dekho -mahAvratI bhagavAna zaMkara bhI gaurI ko eka kSaNa ke lie bhI nahIM chodd'te|' isake pazcAt satyabhAmAdi kA varNana milatA hai| satyabhAmA ko atyadhika vyAvahArika jJAna hai| ye apanI sakhiyoM ko salAha detI haiM ki zrI jainameghadUtam 3/9 jainameghadUtam 3/10 jainameghadUtam 3/12

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105 nemi ko upadeza dvArA vaza me nahI kiyA jA sktaa| ataH Aja inhe gherakara zIghra hI apane vaza meM karake 'abalA' isa doSa ko usIprakAra miTA do jaise jJAna cittavRtti ko avarUddha evaM apane vaza meM karake doSoM ko dUra kara detA satyA styaapitkRtkvaakkopmaacsstt............-nodyH|' sAtavIM paTarAnI padmAvatI hai jo bahuta zAnta evaM gambhIra haiN| ye sabhI ko salAha detI hai ki hama logo ko ina para krodha nahIM karanI cAhie apitu prema se hI manAnA caahie|' AThavIM paTarAnI gAndhArI haiM jo vyaMgya aura prema se mizrita bAteM karatI hai| gAndhArI zrI nemi ko samajhAtI hai ki janma se hI brahmacaryavrata dhAraNa karake Apa brahmA se U~cA pada to pAoge nahI aura zAdI kara lene para bhI Apa usa pada ko prApta kareMge hii| ataH "evamastu" kahakara tuma hama sabako sukhI bnaao| hama tumhAre pairoM para giratI haiM, hama saba tumhArI dAsI hai, he iish| uparyukta cATukAritA se to rAjya bhI prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai, ataH isa cATukAritA se hama logoM ko sukha to do| ___isa prakAra zrIkRSNa kI paTarAniyA~ koI sAdhAraNa nArI nahIM hai| ye kAma ko bhI jitane meM samartha hai tathA zrI nemi jaise gambhIra vyakti jina svAmI ko bhI apanI bAta ko svIkAra karAne meM samartha haiN| samudravijaya- yadupati samudravijaya kathAnAyaka zrI nemi ke pitA hai| kAvya meM inake nAma tathA guNoM kA ati saMkSepa meM ullekha prApta hotA haiN| inheM kAvya me daso dizAoM ke svAmI 'dazAha' nAma se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai'tasmin mUrttA iva dazadizAM nAyakAH ye dshaarhaaH"| ye atyadhika balazAlI, / jainameghadUtam 3/13 jai. me. 3/14

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106 atiprakRSTa buddhi vAle hai| ye sadaiva dharma ke mArga para calate haiN| apanI prajA kA pAlana-poSaNa bhI bahuta ImAnadArI se karate haiN| inhIM saba puNyoM ke kAraNa yuddha meM ye sarvathA vijaya prApta karate hai| samudravijaya putra-vatsala pitA hai| apane putra ke janma ko sunakara atyadhika prasanna hote hai aura unakA sUtikA karma dik kanyAo dvArA sampanna karAte hai| zrI nemi kI yuvAvasthA ko dekhakara bhAva vihvala ho jAte hai tathA unheM pANigrahaNa karane ko kahate haiN| isaprakAra samudragupta meM sampUrNa rAjocita guNa vidyamAna hai| ve rUpavAn, zaktizAlI aizvarya sampanna tathA prakhara medhAvI vAtsalya premI haiN| zivA - zivA devI zrI nemi kI mAtA hai| eka sthala para zivA ko samudravijaya kI preyasI bhI kahA gayA hai-' teSAmAdyaH kSitipatiguruH zrIzivApreyasI ca prAjJoM dvaidhaM sukRtavijayI suprajAH shriismudrH||' zivA meM nArI sulabha sabhI guNa vidyamAna hai| ve atyadhika sarala svabhAva kI haiN| unake hRdaya meM vAtsalya prema kUTa-kUTa kara bharA huA haiN| apane putra ke rUpa-saundarya Adi guNoM ko dekhakara apAra prasannatA kI anubhUti karatI hai| isase adhika kavi ne kAvya meM zivA ke caritra kA vikAsa nahIM kiyA hai| ataH inake caritra ko ati saMkSipta meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| anyapAtra- jainadUtakAvya kI nAyikA rAjImatI ke mAtA-pitA ke viSaya me vistRta varNana nahIM milatA hai| kavi ne inake caritra ko atyanta alpa jainameghadUtam 1/14 jainameghadUtam 1/14

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107 zabdoM meM vikasita kiyA hai| yahA~ taka ki kavi ne unake nAmoM kA bhI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| anya kAvyoM ( neminAtha mahAkAvya evaM nemidUtam ) se yaha jJAta hotAhai ki rAjImatI ke pitA kA nAma ugrasena thaa| ye vAtsalya priya haiN| santati sukha me hI inakA sukha haiN| ve apanI putrI rAjImatI se itanA sneha karate hai ki usake vivAha maNDapa ko sajAne ke lie zreSTha sajjAkAroM ko bulAte haiN| uparyukta prasaMga se ye patA calatA hai ki kalA premI bhI haiN| ___ sakhiyA~ - kAvya meM rAjImatI kI sakhiyoM ke caritra ko bhI anadekhA nahI kiyA jA sakatA hai| inakA caritra bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| rAjImatI kI sakhiyA~ rAjImatI ko duHkhita dekhakara svayaM bhI duHkhita ho jAtI haiM aura usake duHkha ko pUrNataH dUra karane kA prayAsa karatI haiN| isaprakAra ve saccI mitra haiN| inakA svabhAva bhI atinizchala hai| rAjImatI kI sakhiyA~ pratyeka sthiti se samajhautA karanA jAnatI hai| ve rAjImatI kI pratyeka sthiti meM sAtha detI hai| vivAha hetu jaba zrI nemi rAjImatI ke dvArapara Ate haiM to usa samaya rAjImatI ke dakSiNa netra phaDakane lagate hai aura isa para rAjImatI ko AzaMkA hotI hai ki merA vivAha zrI nemi ke sAtha hogA yA nhiiN| rAjImatI kI AzaGkA ko jAnakara usakI sakhiyA~ atyadhika udvega ke kAraNa ghabarAjAtI hai| parantu use cupa rahane ko kahatI hai aura use amAGgalika bAtoM ko mana se nikAla dene ko kahatI hai zAntaM pApaM kSipasi sasite kSIrapUre'kSakhaNDAn / maGgalyAnAmavasara ihAmaGgalaM te khluuktvaa||' nemidUtam 1/1 jainameghadUtam 3/4

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108 rAjImatI kI sakhiyA~ dhairyazAlI tathA buddhimatI bhI hai| zrI nemidvArA pANi grahaNa asvIkAra kara dene para rAjImatI mUrcchita ho jAtI hai| aisI paristhiti meM usakI sakhiyA~ use dhairya dhAraNa karane ko kahatI haiM aura use samajhAtI hai ki yadi zrI nemi vivAha karane ke uparAnta tumase vimukha ho jAte to tumhArI sthiti samudra meM chor3I huI naukA sadRza hotii| parantu abhI kucha nahIM bigar3A hai anya kisI guNa sampanna rAjakumAra ke sAtha tumhArI zAdI jo jaayegii| cintA mata karo - agre dhUmadhvaja gurujanaM ceduduhya vyamokSyat tata pAthodhau pravahaNamupakSipya so'majjayiSyat / rAjAnyAnAmadhiguNataro'nyo'tha bhAvI vivoDhevyAlInAM gIrajani ca tadA me ksstkssaartulyH|' rAjImatI kI sakhiyoM ko adhyAtmika jJAna bhI hai| viraha se vyathita rAjImatI ke tIkSNa zabdoM ko sunakara use bahuvidha samajhAte hue sAre doSa kA kAraNa moha hI hai aisA batAtI haiN| tatpazcAt rAjImatI kI sakhiyA~ use anAyAsa utpanna hone vAle mahAmoha ko bodharUpI zastra se naSTa kara DAlane kA parAmarza detI haiN| kiM tvevaM te yadukulamaNervIrapalyA visoDhuM naitannyAyyaM tadimamadhunA bodhazastreNa chinddhi|' jainameghadatam 3/56 kiM vA kasyAgre kathayasi sakhi prAjJacUDAmaNe no doSaste prakRtivikRtamoha evAtra mUlam / jainamUghadatam 4/38 jainameghadUtam 4/39

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isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki rAjImatI kI sakhiyo me eka sacce mitra ka pratyeka guNa vidyamAna hai aura kAvya me unhone apane karttavya kA nirvAha meM koI bhuri nahI kI hai| niSkarSataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki AcArya merUtuGga ne kAvya me jinapAtro kA pratyakSa yA aparokSa citraNa kiyA gayA hai ve vastutaH cAritrika vividhatAo se yukta hai|

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caturtho'dhyAya jainameghadUtam kI rasa yojanA rasa tattva, jainameghadUtam meN| rasa vimarza

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110 jainameghadUtam kI rasa yojanA (ka) rasa tattva AcArya merutuGga kRta jainameghadUtam me rasa vimarza karane ke pUrva hama rasa kA sAmAnya paricaya, saMkhyA vibhinna kAvyo ke anusAra usakI saMkhyA, raso ke sthAyI bhAva, tattvo para vicAra karanA Avazyaka samajhate haiM - ___ rasa kI AdipraNetA aura vyAkhyAtA AcArya bharata hI mAne jAte hai inhone rasa kA manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa nATya ke sandarbha meM kiyA hai| niHsaMdeha rasa kA preraNA-srota veda evaM anya prAcIna sAhitya rahA hogaa| rasa Ananda svarUpa hai isa prakAra kA vivaraNa upaniSadoM meM milatA hai| rasoM ko rasa ke AnandAtmakatA hone ke kAraNa para brahma paramezvara yA AtmA kA bhI rasa rUpa meM hI RSiyo ne ullekha kiyA hai|' vyutpatti ke adhAra para rasa pada kI siddhi do rUpoM meM kI jAtI hai - (ka) rasyate AsvAdyate iti rsH| (kha) rasate iti rsH| uparyukta prathama aMza AsvAda kA artha prakaTa karatA hai kintu dvitIya aMza rasa meM dravatva kI sthiti mAtra kA bodha karAtA haiN| sAhityazAstra meM rasa pada kA prayoga kAvyAnanda kA bodha karAne ke lie hotA hai| rasa ko rasa kyoM kahA jAtA hai? isake kAraNa ko bhI zAradAtanaya ne rasa pada kI vyutpatti ke mAdhyama se vyakta kara diyA hai| vibhAva, anubhAva, vyabhicArI tathA sAttvikoM dvArA vardhita tattva nAyakAdi kA Azraya pAkara nATya bhArata aura bhAratIya nATyakalA pR.saM. 222

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111 me naTa Adi dvArA anukaraNa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAne vAlA sthAyIbhAva hI sAmAjiko ke mana meM rasatA prApta karatA hai| sthAyI bhAva prAcIna saMskAro dvArA rasamaya hote hai aura rasamayI anubhUtiyA~ hI rasa kI saMjJA prApta karatI hai| tasmAd - -yattato rasAH / / ' rasa kise kahate haiM ? vibhinna AcAryoM ke anusAra rasa kI paribhASA nATakalakSaNaratnakoza ke grantha ke anusAra rasa kA lakSaNa nimnalikhita hai vibhAvasyAnubhAvasya vyabhicAriNa eva ca / saMyogAdunmiSeya bhAva sthApyeva tu raso bhavet / / ' arthAt jaba vibhAva, anubhAva tathA vyabhicArI bhAvoM ke pArasparika saMyoga dvArA sthAyI bhAva vikAsa prApta kare to vahI rasa ho jAtA hai| dazarUpakam me AcArya dhanaJjaya rasa kA lakSaNa dete hue kahate haiM - vibhAvairanubhAvaizca sAttvikairvyabhicAribhiH AnIyamAnaH svAdyatvaM sthAyI bhAvo rasaH smRtaH / / (4/1/ daza.) arthAt vibhAva, anubhAva, sAttvikabhAva evaM vyabhicAriyoM ke dvArA jaba ratyAdi sthAyI bhAva AsvAdya carvaNA ke yogya banA diyA jAtA hai, to vahI rasa kahalAtA hai| 1 bhAva prakAza- tR. a. pR. saM. 59 (bhAva prakAzana - eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana pR. saM. 92 ) nATakalakSaNa ratnakoza // 191 // pR0 182 (sAgaranandI vyAkhyAkAra paM. zrI bAbUlAla zukla, zAstrI prakAzaka- caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja Aphisa, vArANasI, vidyAsAgara presa, vArANasI)

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112 bharatamuni praNIta nATyazAstra para AdhArita abhinava bhAratI meM zrI abhinava gupta ne rasa kI paribhASA nimnalikhita diyA hai 'vibhAvAnubhAvavyabhicArisaMyogAdrasaniSpatti' atra bhalollaTaprebhRtayastAvadeva vyAcakhyu - vibhAvAdibhiH saMyogo'rthAt sthAyinastato rsnisspttiH| tatra vibhAvazcittavRtteH sthAyyAtmikAyA utpatau kAraNam anubhAvAzca na rasajanyA atra vivkssitaaH| teSAM rasakAraNatvena gaNanAnarhatvAt / api tu bhaavnaamev| te ye'nubhAvAH vyabhicAriNazca cittavRtyAtmakatvAt yadyapi na sahabhAvinaH sthAyinas tathApi vAsanAtmaneha tasya vivakSitAH teSAM rasakAraNatvena gaNanAnarhatvAt / api tu bhAvAnAmevA ye'nubhAva vybhicaarinnshc| cittavRttyAtmakamatvAt yadyapi na sahabhAvinaH sthAyinaH tathApi vAsanAtmaneha tasya vivkssitaaH| draSTAnte'pi vyaJjanAdimadhye kasyacidvAsanAtmakatA sthaayivt| anyasyodbhUtatA vyabhicArivat tena sthAyyeva vibhAvAnubhAvAdibhirUpacito rsH| sthAyI bhvtvnupcitH| sa cobhyorpi| anukArye'nukartaryapi cAnusandhAnabalAt iti|' AcArya vizvanAtha ne rasa kI paribhASA apane grantha sAhityadarpaNa meM nimnalikhita prakAra se diyA hai - vibhAvenAnubhAvena vyaktaH saMcAriNA tthaa| rasatAmeti ratyAdiH sthAyI bhAvaH sacetasAm / / arthAt sahRdaya ke hRdaya meM ityAdirUpa sthAyIbhAva jaba vibhAva, anubhAva aura vyabhicArIbhAva ke dvArA abhivyakta ho uThate haiM taba AsvAda athavA AnandarUpa ho jAtA hai aura 'rasa' kahate jAte haiN| kAvyaprakAzakAra AcArya mammaTa kI bhI yahI rasa dRSTi hai - abhinavabhAratI SaSTho'dhyAyaH pR. 269

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kAraNAnyatha kAryANi sahakArINi yAni ca / ratyAdeH sthAyino loke tAni cennATyakAvyayoH / / vibhAvA anubhAvAstat kathyante vyabhicAriNaH / vyaktassa tairvibhAvAdyaissthAyIbhAvo rasaH smRtaH / / 113 isa prakAra vibhAvAdi dvArA abhivyaJjita hone para sthAyIbhAva hI rasa ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai aura taba vaha rasa alaukika Ananda kA janaka bana jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha jaise naTa apanI bhUmikA meM raMgamaMca para vAcika Adi abhinayoM dvArA cittavRttiyoM kA pradarzana karatA hai, sAmAjika yA darzaka sAdhAraNIkaraNa dvArA una bhAvoM kA anubhava karatA hai| rasAsvAdana yA kAvyArthAnubhUti meM bhAvoM ko ThIka yahI sthiti hai| usake spaSTIkaraNa meM nATayazAstra kA vaha zloka avalokanIya hai jisameM kahA gayA hai ki ' jo artha vibhAvo dvArA abhivyakta aura anubhAvoM dvArA vAcika AMgika evaM sAttvika abhinayo dvArA pratIti ke yogya hotA hai use bhAva kahA jAtA hai - 1 "vibhAvenAhRto yo'rtho hyanubhAvastu gamyate / vAgaGgasatvAbhinayaiH rasa bhAva iti saMjJitaH / / " ( nATyazAstra 7/1 ) kavi apane kAvya kauzala se loka caritoM kI udbhAvanA karatA hai aura una antarbhAvoM ko naTa yA abhinetA raMgamaMca para prastuta karatA haiN| abhinetA apane vibhinna abhinayoM dvArA kavi ke antarvyApAroM ko raMgamaMca para prastuta kara darzako yA sAmAjikoM ke mana meM unheM parivyApta karatA hai, AsvAdana yogya banAtA hai| kAvyazAstra me isI ko sAdhAraNIkaraNa kahA jAtA hai| ' bhAratIya nATya paramparA aura abhinaya darpaNa pRSTha saM. 177 vAcaspati gairolA saMvartikA prakAzana karalebAga kAlonI, ilAhAbAda dvArA prakAzita prathama saMskaraNa 1967

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114 rasAsvAdana meM sahRdaya sAmAjikoM kI manodazA vicitra huA karatI hai| isame vicitratA isalie rahA karatI hai kyo ki anya kisI bhI anubhava me aisI bAta nahI huA krtii| yaha manodazA mana ke sattvodreka kI dazA hai| athavA yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM ki sAmAjika jana kA vaha mana hI 'sattva' hai jisake rajoguNa aura tamoguNa kAvyArthaparizIlana ke dvArA, apane apane prabhAvo ke prakAzana meM, asamartha ho jAyA karate hai| rajomaya mana caJcala huA karatA hai aura tamomaya mana para moha saMkaTa kI chaTA chAyI rahatI hai| mana kI caJcalatA aura mohAndhatA ke nivAraNa ke lie yogIjana samAdhi kA sahArA liyA karate hai| kintu kAvyarasika kiM vA nATyapremI logoM ke mana kA mohasaMkaTa kAvya athavA nATya ke bhoga se hI bhagAyA jAyA karatA haiN| sarvaprathama nATyazAstra vyAkhyAkAra AcArya bhaTTanAyaka ne hI 'rasAsvAda meM mana kI dazA' kA eka manovaijJAnika nirUpaNa kiyA thaa| bhaTTanAyaka ke anusAra kAvya- nATya kI bhAvakatAzakti to sAmAjikoM meM 'sahRdayatA' kA saMcAra kiyA karatI hai aura jaba sahRdayatA kA saJcAra hone lamatA hai taba sAmAjikoM meM vaha bhoga saJcarita hone lagatA haiM jo eka vicitra anubhava, eka alaukika mAnasa adhyavasAya hai| yaha nATyAnanda, yaha rasabhoga aisA hai jo 'parabrahmasvAdasavidha' huA karatA hai| isake svarUpa kA yadi vizleSaNa kiyA jA sake to yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha 'satvodreka prakAzAnanandamayanijasaMvidvizrAntisalakSaNa' hai, aisA hai jise sAkSAt eka ahaMparAmarza kaha sakate haiN| yaha ahaMparAmarza aisA hai jisameM mana kA sattvaguNa, rajas aura tamasa se anuvidva hote hue bhI, rajas aura tamas ko dabAkara, apane pUrNasvarUpa meM prakAzita rahatA hai mana kA yaha sattvodeka ekamAtra AnandAtmaka AtmasaMvedanasvarUpa hai| bhaTTanAyakasammata yaha 'bhoga', yaha 'sattvoTekaprakAzAnandamayanijasaMvidvizrAnti' rUpa anubhava abhivyaktivAdI AcArya abhinavagupta ke

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115 anusAra rasAsvAdana kI sAdhana sAmagrI nahIM apitu sAkSAt rasa kA prANabhUta camatkAra athavA Atmalaya hai| sAhityadarpaNakAra ne bhI AcArya abhinava gupta ke samAna 'rasa' ko akhaNDasvaprAkAzAnandacinmaya' kahA hai athavA yaha 'rasa' kA anubhava, sahRdaya sAmAjiko kA sAkSAt AtmasAkSAtkAra rUpa hai jisake hote hue mana kI caJcalatA kiMvA mohAndhatA bhAga jAyA karatI hai| svAbhimata- isa prakAra sthAyI bhAva jaba vibhAva anubhAva vyabhicArI bhAvo dvArA abhivyaMJjita hotA hai to vaha rasa kahalAtA hai| yaha rasa alaukika hotA hai jise sahRdaya hI anubhUta karate hai / yaha anubhUti sAdhAraNIkaraNa dvArA hotI hai| vastutaH jaba abhinetA raMgamaMca para abhinaya karatA hai to sahRdaya jana sAdhAraNIkaraNa dvArA una bhAvo kA anubhava prApta karate haiN| usa samaya unake hRdaya me rajas aura tamas ko abhibhUta karake sattvaguNa AvirbhUta ho jAtA hai| sattvaguNa prakAzamaya hai, Anandamaya hai ataH isake dvArA jJeyAntara kA samparka nahIM hotA hai| sahRdaya sAmAjikoM ko rasAnubhUti karate samaya aisA pratIta hotA hai| mAnoM vaha rasa sAkSAt rUpa se hRdaya meM praviSTa ho rahA hai| isa prakAra hama vilakSaNa AsvAda ko rasa kaha sakate hai| rasoM kI saMkhyA tathA saMjJA - AcArya bharatamuni ke anusAra rasoM kI saMkhyA nimnalikhita haiM - zRGgArahAsyakaruNAraudravIrabhayAnakAH bIbhatsAdbhutasaMjJau cetyaSTau nATye rasAH smRtAH / / ' nATya meM svIkRta rasa ATha haiM (1) zRGgAra (2) hAsya (3) karuNa (4) raudra (5) vIra (6) bhayAnaka (7) vIbhatsa tathA (8) adbhuta nATyadarpaNa meM nimnalikhita rasoM kI vivecanA kI gaI hai. nATyazAstram 6/ 16

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44 'zRGgAra- hAsya- karuNa- raudra- vIra-bhayAnakAH / vIbhatsAdbhuta zAntAzca, rasAH sadibharnava smRtAH / / "" AcArya vizvanAtha ke anusAra rasa kI saMkhyA 'zRGgArahAsyakaruNaraudravIrabhayAnakAH vIbhatso'dbhuta ityaSTau rasAH zAntastathA mataH / / ' 2 AcArya mammaTa ke anusAra - zRGgArahAsyakaruNaraudravIrabhayAnakAH / ' vIbhatsAdbhutasaMjJau cetyaSTau nATye rasAH smRtAH / / arthAt zRGgAra, hAsya, karuNa, raudra, vIra, bhayAnaka, bIbhatsa aura adbhuta nAmaka ( ye ATha) rasa nATya meM kahe gaye haiN| AcArya mammaTa ne zAnta rasa ko 'zAnto'pi navamo rasaH smRtaH yahA~ nATya zravya donoM meM zAnta rasa kI sattA svIkAra kI hai| 2 44 3 isa prakAra hameM jJAta hotA hai ki nATya kAvya meM ATha hI rasa hote haiM kintu zravya ke pAThya kAvyoM meM zAnta nAmaka navama rasa bhI hotA hai| isa taraha ATha hI rasa hai| ina AThoM kA srota udgama sthala zAnta hai| 1 nATyadarpaNa ( rAmacandra guNacandra ) 3 / 165 sA.da. 3/182 pR. 230 kA. pra0 4 / 29 116 - "" " zAntaM zAzvatamaprameyamanagham ' bhagavAna paramaziva zAnta haiM zAzvata haiM nitya haiM pramA ke bAhara hai, anagha niSkalaMka / " zAntAkAraM bhujagazayanam ityAdi sabhI jagahoM me prabhu paramAtmA ko hI zAnta rasa zabda se kahA hai aura usI ko

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rasa zabda se bhI kahA hai aura apane grantha kA rasagaMgAdhara nAma rakhane kA bhI paNDitarAja kA yahI Azaya hai| ataH zAnta rasa kA artha hai parama ziva / 117 "mamaivAMzo jIvaloke" isa gItokti ke anusAra jIva paramAtmAkA aMza haiN| aba siddha karate hai ki zAnta sabakA udgamasthala haiN| bharata ne isI bhAva ko dRSTi me rakhakara likhA hai - na yatra duHkhaM na sukhaM na dveSo nApi matsaraH / samaH sarveSu bhAveSu sa zAntaH kathito rasaH / / bhAvAH vikArA ratyAdyAH zAntastu prakRtirmataH / vikAraH prakRterjAtaH punastatraiva lIyate / / svaM svaM nimittamAsAdya zAntAdbhAvaH pravartate / / punarnimittApAye ca zAnta evopalIyate / evaM navarasA dRSTA nATyajJairlakSaNAnvitAH / / arthAt jahA~ na duHkha hai na sukha hai, na dveSa hai aura na matsara hai arthAt dUsaro kI acchAI meM burAI nikAlane kI yA dekhane kI bhAvanA vahIM hai aura jo saba bhAvo me samAna hai vaha prasiddha zAnta rasa hai / ' navo rasoM ke sthAyI bhAva ko jAnane se pahale sthAyI bhAva kise kahate haiM? isa para vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai ' sthAyI bhAva kI paribhASA karate hue AcArya vizvanAtha ne sAhityadarpaNa meM likhA hai ki 'sthAyIbhAva usa bhAva ko kahate haiM, jo na to kisI anukUla bhAva se tirohita huA karatA hai aura na 1 nATyazAstra bharatamuni prathamabhAgAtmakam pU. saM. 68 sampA. sAhityAcArya zrI madhusadanazAstrI ema. e.

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kisI pratikUla bhAva ko dabA karatA hai / vaha anta taka eka rasa banA rahatA hai aura usame rasa ke anukaraNa kI mUla zakti nihita hotI hai / "aviruddhA virUddhA vA yaM tirodhAtumakSamAH / 11 asvAdAGkurakando'sau bhAvasthAyIti sammataH / / ' sAhityadarpaNa meM navo rasoM ke AdhAra para sthAyI bhAvoM ke 9 bheda nirUpita kiye gaye haiM - ratirhAsazca zokazca krodhotsAhau bhayaM tathA / jugupsA vismayazcetthamaSTau proktAH zamo'pi c|| ' arthAt zRGgAra rasa kA sthAyI bhAva rati, hAsya rasa kA hAsa, karuNa rasa kA zoka, raudra rasa kA krodha, vIra rasa kA utsAha, bhayAnaka rasa kA sthAyI bhAva bhaya, tathA bIbhatsa kA jugupsA, adbhuta rasa kA sthAyIbhAva vismaya tathA zAnta rasa kA sthAyI bhAva zama hotA hai / navo rasoM kA saMkSipta paricaya 118 1 - " zRGgAra rasa zRGgAra rasa kA svarUpa 'zRGgAra' zabda kI vyutpatti ('zRGgaM nRcchati' iti zRGgAraH ) se hI spaSTa ho jAtA haiN| zRGga kA abhiprAya hai (kAmukayugala ke utpIDaka) kAmAvirbhAva kA aura zRGgAra kA abhiprAya hai usakA jo isa prakAra kAmodbheda se saMbhUta ho| isa rasa ke Alambana prAyaH uttama prakRti ke hI premIjana huA karate haiN| isake uddIpana vibhAva candra- candrikA, candanAnulepana, bhramara jhaMkAra Adi / isake anubhAva prema ko bhRkuTi bhAva hote haiN| rati isakA sthAyI bhAva hai| isakA varNazyAma hai aura abhimAnI deva viSNubhagavAna haiN| zRGgAra rasa do prakAra kA hotA hai - sAhityadarpaNa 3/175

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119 (1) vipralambha (2) sNbhog| vipralambha vaha zRGgAra rasa hai jisameM nAyaka nAyikA kA parasparAnurAga to pragAr3ha huA karatA hai kintu paraspara milana nahIM hotaa| vipralambhazRGgAra 4 prakAra kA hotA hai (1) pUrvarAga-vipralambha (2) mAna vipralambha (3) pravAsa vipralambha (4) karuNa viprlmbh| (1) pUrvarAga vipralambha - pUrva rAga kA abhiprAya hai rUpa saundarya Adi ke zravaNa athavA darzana ke paraspara anurakta nAyaka-nAyikA kI usa dazA ko jo ki unake samAgama ke pahale kI dazA huA karatI hai| rUpa saundarya kA varNana to dUta, vandI sakhI Adi ke mukha se sambhava hai auradarzana saMbhava hai indrajAla me, citra meM, svapna athavA saakssaat| isameM 10 kAma dazAyeM saMbhava hai (1) abhilASa (2) cintA (3) smRti (4) guNakathana (5) udvega (6) saMpralApa (7) unmAda (8) vyAdhi (9) jaDatA (10) mRti (maraNa) inameM 'abhilASa' kA abhiprAya hai- paraspara spRhA cintA kahate hai jaba paraspara prApti ke upAyo kA cintana kiyA jaay| 'unmAda' kahate haiM jaba jar3a cetana meM viveka kara pAnA sambhava na ho| 'pralApa' kA tAtparya hai aTapaTa bAtacIta jo ki mana ke bahaka jAne meM svAbhAvika hai| dIrgha nizvAsa, pANDutA kRzatA Adi kA nAma 'vyAdhi' hai aura jise jar3atA kahA jAtA hai vaha zArIrika kiM vA mAnasika nizceSTatA hai| vipralambha zRGgAra meM maraNa kA varNana niSiddha hai kyoM ki isase rasa vicchanna ho jAtA hai| kintu yadi isakA varNana kiyA bhI jAya to kevala do hI prakAra se kiyA jA sakatA hai- (1) maraNAsanna dazA ke rUpa meM aura (2) maraNa kI hArdika abhilASA ke rUpa meN| vaise isa DhaMga se ki mara kara bhI zIghra purnajIvana mila jAya yahA~ maraNa kA varNana kiyA bhI jA sakatA hai| __ pUrvarAga vipralambha ke sambandha meM yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki pUrvarAga bhI isa prakAra kA huA karatA hai (1) nIlIrAga jo bAharI dikhAve meM nahIM

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120 dikhalAI par3atA hai| (2) kusumbharAga isameM anurAga bAharI camaka damaka to rakhatA hai kintu hRdaya se haTa jAtA hai| (3) maJjiSThArAga vaha anurAga hRdaya meM bhI hotA hai bAharI dikhAve me bhI AtA hai| (2) mAna vipralambha - mAna kA abhiprAya hai kopa (praNaya kop)| isake do bheda hai (1) praNayasamudbhavaH - isameM akAraNa kopa kA bhAva rahatA hai| (2) IrSyAsamudbhava kisI dUsarI premikA para apane premI kI Asakti ke dekhane, sunane anubhava karane ke kAraNa, nAyikA kA prema-kopa (3) pravAsa vipralambhA -pravAsa kA abhiprAya hai kAryavaza zApavaza athavA saMbhramavaza nAyaka ke dezAntara gmn| pravAsa vipralambha meM nAyikA kI ye ceSTAye huA karatI hai - aGgamAlinya, vastramAlinya, ekaveNI dhAraNa, nizvAsa ucchvAsa, rodana, bhUmipatana aadi-aadi| isame 10 kAmadazAyeM svabhAvika hai - (1) aGgoM kA asauSThava, (2) santApa (3) pANDutA (4) durbalatA (5) aruci (6) adhIratA (7) anAlambanatA (8) tanmayatA (9) unmAda (10) muurchaa| maraNa kI isakI 11 vI dazA hai| (4) karuNa vipralambha -karuNa vipralambha vaha zRGgAra prakAra hai jise premI aura premikA meM se kisI eka ke divaMgata ho jAne kintu purnajIvita ho sakane kI avasthA meM, jIvita bace dUsare ke hRdaya ke zoka saMvalita ratibhAva kA abhivyaJjana kahA gayA hai| yaha yahA~ dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki premI aura premikA meM se kisI eka kI Atyantika mRtyu se milana kI atyanta nirAzA athavA paraloka meM milana kI AzA kI avasthA meM jo rasa abhivyaGgya ho sakegA, vaha karuNa rasa hI hogaa| na ki karuNa vipralammA saMbhoga zRGgAra - darzanasparzanAdIni niSevete vilaasinau|

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yatrAnuraktAvanyonyaM saMbhogo'yamudAhRtaH / / ' arthAt paraspara prema-page nAyaka aura nAyikA ke darzana paraspara sparzana Adi-Adi kI anubhUti kA pradAtA jo rasa hai vaha 'saMbhogazRGgAra' hai| 121 saMbhogazRGgAra ke uddIpana vibhAvo meM sabhI RtuyeM, candra candrikA, sUrya, jyotsanA, candra aura sUrya ke udaya aura asta jalavihAra, prabhAta, madhupAna, rAtrikrIDA, candanAdi ke anulepana bhUSaNa dhAraNa kiM vA anyAnya svaccha, sundara tathA sumadhura padArtha antarbhUta haiN| saMbhoga zRGgAra ke ye cAra prakAra bhI pratipAdita kiye gaye hai - (1) pUrvarAgAnantara ( 2 ) mAnAnantara saMbhoga (3) pravAsAnantara saMbhoga ( 4 ) karuNa vipralambhAnantara saMbhoga / (2) hAsya rasaH zAradAtanaya ne hAsya rasa para apanA vicAra prakaTa karate hue sarvaprathama isa rasa kI vyutpatti kisa prakAra huI hai isa para carcA kiyA hai| 'hAsa' dhAtu se hAsa pada kI vyutpatti ko spaSTa karate hue hAsa pada ke sAtha 'ap tathA ghaJ' pratyayoM kI carcA kI haiM ap pratyayAnta 'has' dhAtu se hAsa pada kI racanA hotI hai| isa has ko hAsa taka pahu~cane meM punaH ghaJ pratyaya jaise kisI pratyaya ke sahayoga kI apekSA banI rahatI hai ghaJ pratyayAnta has dhAtu se hAsa pada kI vyutpatti kA sIdhA sambandha dikhAyI detA haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki zAradA tanaya ne hAsa pada ko ghaJanta athavA donoM pratyayoM se vyutpanna batAyA hai| Age inakA kathana hai- jisake dvArA ha~sAyA jAya vahI hAsya hai| 'hAsyate'sAviti yatastasmAddhAsyasya nirvahaH / vikRtAMga vaya, dravya, 1 sAhityadarpaNa 3/210

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122 bhASA, alaMkAra evaM anya ceSTAmaya kAryo se loka ko ha~sAne ke kAraNa yaha hAsya kahalAtA hai| AcArya vizvanAtha ne hAsyarasa ke sandarbha meM kahA hai - vikRtAkAravAgveSaceSTAdeH kuhakAdbhavet hAsyo hAsasthAyibhAvaH zvetaH prthmdevtH|| 214 / / vikRtAkAravAkceSTaM yamAlokya hsejjnH| tamatrAlambanaM prAhustacceSToddIpanaM matam / / 215 / / ' arthAt hAsya vaha rasa hai jise 'hAsa' sthAyIbhAva kA abhivyaJjana kahA jAyA karatA haiN| isakA AvirbhAva AkAra vikRti, vAgavikRti, veSavikRti, ceSTA vikRti kiM vA anyAnya prakAra kI vikRtiyoM ke varNana athavA abhinaya se huA karatA hai| isakA varNa zveta hai aura isake adhiSThAtRdeva prathamagaNa hai| isakA Alambana vaha vyakti hai jisameM AkAra, vANI aura ceSTA kI vikRtiyAM dikhAyI diyA karatI haiM aura jise dekha-dekha loga ha~sA karate haiN| aise hAsyAspada vyakti kI jo ceSTAye haiM ve hI yahA~ 'uddIpana' kA kAma kiyA karatI hai| isake anubhAva varga meM netra nimIlana, mukha-vikAsa Adi kI gaNanA hai| isake jo vyabhicArI bhAva hai ve haiM nidrA, Alasya avahitthA aadi| isake 6 bheda hai (1) uttama prakRtigata 'smita' hAsya (2) uttama prakRtigata 'hasita' hAsya (3) madhyama prakRtigata 'vihasita' hAsya (4) madhyama prakRtigata 'avahasita hAsya (5) adhama prakRtigata 'atihasita' haasy| AcArya dhanaJjaya ne hAsya rasa kA svarUpa batAyA hai "vikRtAkRtivAgveSairAtmano'tha parasya vaa| bhAvaprakAza, pR. 49 sAhityadarpaNa, 3/214-215, pR. saM. 251

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123 hAsaH syAtparipoSo'sya hAsyastriprakRtiH smRtH|' apane yA dUsare ke vikAra yukta AkAra, vacana tathA veSa Adi se jo hAsa hotA hai usakA paripoSa hAsya rasa kahalAtA hai| ise triprakRti kahA gayA hai| inhone bhI isake cha: bhedo kA ullekha kiyA hai| (3) vIra rasa - vIra pada kI vyutpatti para vicAra karate hue zAradAtanaya ne jJArthaka tathA khaNDanArtha 'rA' dAne tathA 'lA' dAne dhAtuo kA ullekha kiyA hai| vIra rasa kI utpatti para vicAra karate hue zAradAtanaya ne ise Rgveda se utpanna batAyA haiN| isI prakAra vAsuki evaM nArada ke vicAroM kA ullekha karate hue zAradAtanaya kA kahanA hai ki rajoguNa viziSTa sattvavRtti vAle ahaMkAra se jo vikAra utpanna hotA hai ise vIra rasa kahate haiN| vyAsokta mArga se tripuradAha ke bhAvAbhinaya prasaMga se vIrarasa kI utpatti huI hai| vIra rasa tIna prakAra kA hotA hai (1) yuddhavIra (2) dayAvIra (3) daanviir|' vIra rasa ke sandarbha meM AcArya dhanaJjaya ne kahA hai vIraH pratApavinayA dhyvsaaysttvmohaavissaadnyvismyvikrmaadyaiH| utsAhabhUH sa ca dayAraNadAnayogAt tredhA kilAtra mtigrvdhRtiprhrssaaH||' arthAt pratApa, vinaya adhyavasAya, sattva, moha, aviSAda naya, vismaya parAkrama ityAdi (vibhAvoM) ke dvArA hone vAle utsAha ( sthAyIbhAva) se vIra dazarUpakam 4/75 pR. saM. 391 bhAvaprakAza dazarUpakam 4/62

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124 rasa hotA hai| aura vaha dayA yuddha aura dAna anubhAvo ke yoga se isa prakAra kA hotA hai| usame mati garva, dhRti, praharSa ( vyabhicAribhAva) huA karate haiN| sAhityadarpaNAnusAra vIra rasa kA svarUpa - uttamaprakRtirvIra . . . . . . . samanvitazcaturdhA syAt / / ' arthAt 'vIrarasa' vaha hai jise 'utsAha' nAmaka sthAyIbhAva kA AsvAda kahA gayA haiN| isake Azraya uttama prakRti ke vyakti hai| isakA varNa svarNa-varNa hai aura isake devatA hai mhendr| isake 'Alambana' vibhAva vijetavya zatru Adi hai aura ina vijetavya zatru Adi kI ceSTAye isake uddIpana vibhAva haiN| yuddhAdi kI sAmagrI kiM vA anyAnya sahAyaka sAdhanoM ke anveSaNa isake 'anubhAva' rUpa hai| dhRti, mati, garva, smRti tarka, romAJca Adi Adi isake vyabhicArI bhAva hai| isake ye 4 bheda spaSTa hai - (1) dAnavIra (2) dharmavIra (3) yuddhavIra (4) dyaaviir| tAtparya yaha hai ki vIra rasa hI dAna dharma-yuddha aura dayAvIra rUpa me caturvidha pratIta huA karatA hai| (4) adbhutarasaH - adbhuta kI utpatti ahaMkArahIna rajomizrita vIrarasa kI AdhAra bhUta sthitiyo se mAnI jAtI hai| isa rasa kI utpatti kA varNana karate hue zAradAtanaya kA kahanA hai ki asuro kA vadha karate hue jaba zaMkara ne pArvatI kI ora dekhate tathA muskurAte hue asuroM ke asaMkhya bANoM ko eka hI bANa se jalA diyA usa samaya samasta prANiyoM meM adbhuta bhAva jAgRta huA isalie vIrarasa se hI adbhuta rasa kI utpatti mAnI jAtI hai|' adbhuta rasa ke viSaya meM AcArya dhanaJjaya ne kahA hai'atilokaiH padArthaiH syAdvismayAtmA rso'yutH|| sAhityadarpaNa 3/232 se 234 dazarUpakam 4/78-79

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125 karmAsya saadhuvaadaashruvepthusvedgdgdaaH| harSAvega dhRti prAyA bhavanti vybhicaarinnH|| arthAt alaukika padArthoM (ke darzana zravaNa Adi) se utpanna hone vAlA vismaya (sthAyIbhAva) hI jisakA jIvana ( AtmA) hai, vaha adbhuta rasa haiN| sAdhuvAda azru, kampana, prasveda, tathA gadgada honA Adi usake kArya anubhAva hai, harSa Avega aura dhRti ityAdi vyabhicArI bhAva hai| AcArya vizvanAtha ne adbhuta rasa ke sandarbha me kahA hai adbhuto vismayasthAyibhAvo . . . . vybhicaarinnH|| adbhuta vaha rasa hai jise ' vismaya' ke sthAyI bhAva kA abhivyaJjaka kahA karate haiM isakA varNa pIta hai| isake devatA gandharva haiN| isakA Alambana alaukika vastu hai| alaukika vastu kA guNa-kIrtana isakA uddIpana haiN| stambha, kheda, romAJca, gadgadasvara, saMbhrama, netravikAsa Adi-Adi isake anubhAva hai| isameM vitarka, Avega saMbhrama harSa Adi vyabhicArI bhAva paripoSaNa kA kAma karate haiN|' (5) raudrarasaH - raudrarasa kA paricaya dete hue zAradA tanaya kA kahanA hai ki svaraguNa yukta vibhAva jaba svAnukUla anya bhAvo ke sAtha sthAyIbhAva meM vidyamAna rahatA hai taba vaha svakIya abhinaya ke sahAre prekSakoM kA rajoguNa tathA tamoguNa yukta mana ahaMkAra ke sAtha sthAyIbhAva ke jisa AsvAdya rUpa kA anubhava karatA hai, use raudrarasa kahA jAtA hai| isa rasa meM ceSTA rajoguNa aura tamoguNa viziSTa rahatI hai| sAhityadarpaNa 3/242 se 244 bhAva prakAzana- eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana pR. saM. 148

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126 AcArya vizvanAtha ke anusAra raudrarasa vaha rasa hai jisakA sthAyI bhAva krodha huA karatA hai| isakA varNa rakta hai aura isake devatA rUdra hai| isame Alambana se zatru kA varNana kiyA jAyA karatA hai, aura zatru kI ceSTAe~ uddIpana vibhAva kA kAma karatI hai| isakI vizeSa uddIpti muSTiprahAra, bhUpAtana, bhayaMkara kATamAra, zarIra vidAraNa saMgrAma aura saMbhrama Adi se huA karatI hai| isake anubhAva hai bhrUbhaGga, oSThanidarzana, bAhusphoTana, tarjana svIkRta vIrakarmavarNana, zastrotkSepaNa, ugratA, Avega, romAJca, sveda kampa, mada, AkSepa, krUradRSTi aadi| isake vyabhicArIbhAvoM meM moha amarSa Adi kA sthAna (6) karuNa rasa - karuNa rasa kA paricaya dete hue zAradAtanaya kA kathana hai ki jaba rUkSa guNa yukta vibhAva anya sahayogI bhAvoM ke sAtha zoka nAmaka sthAyIbhAva me vidyamAna rahate haiM, taba svAnurUpa abhinaya ke sahayoga se cittAvasthA tamorUDha jar3Atmaka mana jisa vikAra kI AsvAdya sthiti kA anubhava karatA hai use karuNa rasa kahA jAtA hai| zAradAtanaya ne karuNa rasa kI utpatti para vicAra kiyA hai| tadanusAra yaha eka apradhAna rasa hai jisakI sthiti raudrarasa para nirbhara hai kyo ki isakI utpatti raudra se hI hotI hai| dono meM antara kevala yahI hai ki raudra meM rajoguNa tathA ahaMkAra kI sthiti vidyamAna rahatI hai, kintu karuNa meM ina donoM hI sthitiyo kA abhAva rahatA hai| vyAsokta mArga se bhI karuNa rasa kI utpatti para prakAza DAlA gayA hai isake anusAra vIrabhadra dvArA yajJavidhvaMsa kI sthiti meM devatAo para jo vikaTa prahAra kiyA gayA usase rudana, krandana kI dhvani vyApta ho uThI, isI ne sakhiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha pArvatI ke mana meM karuNa bhAva sAhityadarpaNa

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ko jAgRta kiyaa| isa vivecanAnusAra bhI raudra se hI karuNa rasa kI utpatti batAyI gayI hai| yamarAja ko karuNa rasa kA devatA batAyA gayA hai| 127 sAhityadarpaNakAra ke anusAra 'karuNarasa' vaha rasa hai jise zokarUpa sthAyIbhAva kA pUrNAbhivyaJjana kahA gayA hai| isakA AvirbhAva iSTanAza aura aniSTa prApti se saMbhava hai| isakA varNa kapotavarNa hai aura yama isake devatA mAne gaye haiN| isakA 'sthAyI' bhAva 'zoka' hai| isakA jo Alambana hai vaha vinaSTa vyakti hai| isake uddIpana varga meM dAhakarma Adi kI gaNanA hai daivanindana, bhUmipatana, krandana vaivarNya, ucchvAsa, nizvAsa, stambha pralapana Adi Adi isake anubhAva mAne gaye haiN| sAtha hI sAtha nirveda, moha apasmAra, vyAdhi, glAni, smRti, zrama, viSAda jar3atA, unmAda aura cintA Adi usake vyabhicArI bhAva hai|' (6) vIbhatsa rasa bIbhatsa kA paricaya dete hue ApakA kathana hai ki nindita guNayukta vibhAva jaba sthAyI bhAva meM anya sahayogI bhAvoM ke sAtha vidyamAna rahate hue sAmAjikoM ke buddhyavastha evaM asattvayukta cidanvayI mana meM vikAra utpanna karatA hai to tatkAlIna bhAva ke AsvAdya rUpa ko vIbhatsa kahA jAtA hai ? - 1 zAradAtanaya ne bIbhatsa kI utpatti para vicAra karate hue ise yajurveda se utpanna batAyA hai aura tama evaM satva yukta mana se bAhyArthaka kA Azraya lekara bIbhatsa rasa ko utpanna hone vAlA siddha kiyA hai| vyAsokta mArga se vIbhatsa kI utpatti para vicAra karate hue prastuta granthakAra kA kahanA hai ki brahmasabhA meM naToM ne jisa samaya zaMkara ke kalpanA mArga kA abhinaya kiyA usa samaya bRhat sabhA meM naToM ne jisa samaya zaMkara ke kalpAnta karma kA abhinaya kiyA usa samaya brahmA ke uttaramukha se bhAratI vRtti ke sahAre bIbhatsa rasa utpanna sAhityadarpaNa 3 / 222-224

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128 huaa|' bIbhatsa ke do prakAra hote haiN| paristhitiyo ke AdhAra para isakA nidhariNa hotA hai| (1) rUdhirAdika kSomakAraka vAtAvaraNa meM anubhUta hotA hai (2) viSThAdika udvegakAraka vAtAvaraNa me bodhagamya hotA hai| kucha vidvAna vAk, kAya tathA mana ke AdhAra para isake tIna prakAra mAnate haiN| vaise bIbhatsa kA mAnasa rUpa hI usakI svAbhAvika dazA ko vyakta karatA hai| AGgika to kRtrima mAnA jAtA hai| AcArya vizvanAtha ke anusAra 'bIbhatsa' vaha rasa hai jise 'jugupsA' ke sthAyIbhAva kA abhivyaJjana mAnA jAyA karatA hai| isakA varNa nIla hai| isake devatA mahAkAla haiN| isake Alambana durgandhamaya mAMsa rakta, bheda Adi hai| inhI durgandhamaya mAsa ke kIr3e par3ane Adi ko isakA uddIpana vibhAva mAnA jAtA haiN| niSThIvana, Asyavalana, netra saMkoca Adi inake anubhAva hai| moha, apasmAra, Avega, vyAdhi tathA maraNa Adi isake vyabhicArI bhAva hai| (8) bhayAnaka rasa - bhayAnaka rasa kA paricayAtmaka varNana karate hue zAradAtanaya ne bIbhatsa ke karma ko hI bhayAnaka batAyA hai| isa sandarbha meM bhayAnaka ko bIbhatsa kA Azrita rasa batAyA gayA haiN| isa rasa kA paricaya dete hue zAradAtanaya ne kahA hai ki jaba vikRta nAmaka vibhAva apane upayogI anya bhAvoM ke sahayoga se sthAyIbhAva meM vidyamAna rahatA huA sAmAjikoM ke cittAvasthA tamo'nvayI sattvAnvita mana ko AsvAdya sthiti meM upasthita karatA hai taba AsvAdya-bhAva ko bhayAnaka rasa mAnA jAtA hai| badherdhAtossanantasya .. .. . bIbhatsa iti sNjnyyaa| bhA pa dvi. adhi pR. 59 paM. 14-18 viiespadarpaNa 3/ 239-241 jugupsAsthAyibhAvAstu .........mrnnaadyaa|

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129 rasa viSayaka dRSTiyoM para vicAra karate hue zAradAtanaya ne Arocaka, anutseka evaM aviddha tathA viddha Adi bIbhatsa kI dRSTiyo kI bhayAnaka kI dRSTiyo ke sAtha eka rUpatA batAte hue upasthita kiyA hai| bhayAnaka rasa kA vibhAva vikRta nAmaka vibhAva ko mAnA gayA hai| bhayAnaka ke Alambana vibhAva kI carcA ke prasaMga meM bhayaMkara araNya ke praviSTa tathA mahAsaMgrAma meM vicaraNa karane vAle evaM gurujano ke prati aparAdha karane vAle ko Alambana vibhAva rUpa meM yaha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| bhayAnaka-rasa viSayaka anubhAvoM tathA sAttvikabhAvo kI sthiti anya rasoM kI sthitiyoM se pUrNataH sAmya bhAva se upasthita kI gaI hai| bhaya ko bhayAnaka kA sthAyI bhAva mAnA jAtA hai bhayAnaka rasa kA saMcArIbhAva zaMkA, nirveda cintA, jar3atA, glAni, dInatA, Avega, mada, unmAda, viSAda, vyAdhi, moha, apasmRti, trAsa Alasya bIca-bIca meM stambha, kampa, romAJca, sveda Adi kA honA tathA vivarNatA mRtyu bhaya, gadgada Adi sthitiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| AcArya vizvanAtha ke anusAra ' bhayAnaka' vaha rasa hai jise bhayarUpa sthAyI bhAva kA AsvAda kahA jAtA haiN| isakA varNa kRSNa hai aura isake devatA kAla hai| kAvya kovidoM ne strI kiM vA nIca prakRti ke logoM ko isakA Azraya mAnA hai isakA Alambana bhayotpAdaka padArtha hai aura aise bhayotpAdaka padArtho kI bhISaNa ceSTAyeM isake uddIpana vibhAva kA kAma karatI haiN| vivarNatA, gadgadabhASaNa, pralaya, sveda, romAJca, kampa, itastataH avalokana Adi-Adi isake anubhaavhai| isake vyabhicArIbhAvoM meM jugupsA, Avega, saMmoha, saMjAha glAni, dInatA, zaGkA, apasmAra, saMbhrama, maraNa Adi Ate haiN|' AcArya dhanaJjayAnusAra bhayAnaka rasa kI paribhASA nimnalikhita hai sAhityadarpaNa 3/235-238

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130 vikRtisvarasattvAderbhayabhAvo bhyaankH| srvaanggvepthusvedshossvaivrnnylkssnnH|| dainysmbhrmsNmohtraasaadisttshodrH||' arthAt vikRta zabda athavA sattva (parAkrama, prANI pizAca Adi) Adi vibhAvo se utpanna hone vAlA bhaya nAmaka sthAyI bhAva hI (paripuSTa hokara) bhayAnaka rasa hotA haiN| sAre zarIra kA kaoNpanA, pasInA chUTanA, mUMha sUkha jAnA, raMga phIkA par3a jAnA ( vaivaLa) Adi isake cihna (kArya anubhAva) hote haiN| dInatA, sambhrama, sammoha, trAsa Adi isake vyabhicArI bhAva hai| (9) zAnta rasa - zravya yA pAThya kAvyoM meM zAnta nAmaka navama rasa kA bhI prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| cUMki zAnta rasa kA abhinaya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isalie nATya meM zAnta rasa kA prayoga nahIM hotA hai| AcArya bharatamuni zAnta ko atirikta rasa mAnate haiN| AcArya dhanaJjaya bhI kahate haiM ki sUkSma tathA atIta aura sabhI vastuoM ko zabda dvArA pratipAdita kiyA jA sakatA hai ataH zAnta rasa bhI kAvya kA viSaya hotA hai, isa tathya kA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| isalie yaha kahA gayA hai zamaprakarSo'nirvAcyo muditaadestdaatmtaa|' arthAt yadi zama nAmaka sthAyI bhAva kA prakarSa zAnta rasa hotA hai to vaha anirvacanIya hai| kintu jo muditA Adi haiM unake svarUpa meM hI hote haiN| AcArya mammaTa bhI zAnta rasa ko svIkAra karate haiMnirvedasthAyibhAvo'sti zAnto'pi navamo rsH|' dazarUpakam 4/80 pR. saM. 395 dazarUpakam 4/45

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131 arthAt jisakA niveda sthAyIbhAva hai vaha zAnta rasa bhI navama rasa hai| AcArya vizvanAtha ne zAntarasa kA svarUpa nimnalikhita prakAra se varNita kiyA hai - zAntaH zamasthAyibhAva . . . . nirvedhrsssmrnnmtibhuutdyaadyH| arthAt zAnta vaha rasa hai jo ki 'zama' rUpa sthAyI bhAva kA AsvAda huA karatA haiN| isake Azraya uttama prakRti ke vyakti hai| isakA varNa kunda zveta athavA candrazveta hai| isake devatA zrI bhagavAn nArAyaNa haiN| anityatA kiM vA duHkhamayatA Adi ke kAraNa samasta sAMsArika viSayo kI niHsAratA kA jJAna athavA sAkSAt paramAtmasvarUpa kA jJAna hI isakA Alambana vibhAva hai| isake uddIpana haiM pavitra Azrama, bhagavAna kI lIlA bhUmiyA~ tIrtha sthAna, ramya kAnana, sAdhu saMtoM ke saMga aadi| romAJca Adi isake anubhAva haiM aura isake vyabhicArI bhAva hai nirveda, harSa, smRti, mati, jIvadayA aadi|' kAvyAnuzAsanakAra ne 'zama' ko zAnta kA sthAyIbhAva mAnate haiM - 'vairAgyAdivibhAvo yamAdyanubhAvo dhRtyAdivyabhicArI zamaH zAntaH' vairAgyasaMsArabhIrutAtattvajJAnavItarAga- parizIlanaparamezvarAnugrahAdivibhAvo yamaniyamAdhyAtmazAstracintanAdyanubhAvo dhRtismRtinirvedamatyAdivyabhicArI tRSNAkSayarUpaH zamaH sthAyibhAvazcarvaNAM prAptaH zAnto rsH|' nATyadarpaNakAra ke bhI anusAra zama hI zAnta kA sthAyI bhAva hai - kAvyaprakAzaH 4/47 pR. saM. 157 sAhityadarpaNa 3/245-248 kAvyAnuzAsana 2/17

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132 sNsaarmy-vairaagy-tttv-shaastrvimrshnH| zAnto'bhinayanaM tasya kSamA dhyaanopkaartH|| deva-manuSya nAraka. . . . . zAntoraso bhvti|' isa prakAra sAhityadarpaNakAra, kAvyAnuzAsanakAra tathA nATyadarpaNakAra 'zama' ko zAnta rasa kA sthAyIbhAva mAnate hai| ataH sabhI AcAryoM ne zAnta rasa nAmaka navama rasa ko svIkAra kiyA hai| rasa bhAvoM kA nirUpaNa rasa ke sabhI prakAroM kA varNana karane ke pazcAt unake bhAva tattvoM para yahA~ saMkSepa meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai - vibhAva - AcArya bharata ne nATyazAstra (4/2) meM vibhAva kI paribhASA karate hue likhA hai ki 'jJAna kA viSayIbhUta hokara jo bhAvoM kA jJAna karAye aura unheM paripuSTa kare, ve vibhAva kahe jAte hai 'jJAyamAnatayA tatra vibhAvo bhaavposskRt|' AcArya bharata ne vibhAva kA artha vijJAna batAyA hai (vibhAvo vijJAnArthaH 7/4) yaha vijJAna jise vibhAva kahA gayA hai, sthAyI evaM vyabhicArI bhAvoM kA hetu haiM jisake dvArA sthAyI evaM vyabhicArI bhAva vAcika Adi abhinayoM ke mAdhyama se vibhAvita hote hai, arthAt jo vizeSa rUpa se jAne jAte hai, unhe vibhAva kahA jAtA hai| nATya meM viSayavastu ke anekAneka artha AMgika Adi abhinayo para avalambita hote hai unako vibhAvanA vyApAra dvArA vyakta kiyA nATyadarpaNa tRtIya vivekA

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133 jAtA hai, arthAt sahRdaya sAmAjika kI pratIti ke yogya banAyA jAtA hai| isalie unhe vibhAva kahA jAtA hai| bahavo'rthA vibhAvyante vaagnggaabhinyaashryaaH| anena yasmAttenAyaM vibhAva iti sNjnyitH|| ( nATyazAstra 7/4) isaprakAra rasAnubhUti ke kAraNoM ko vibhAva kahA jAtA hai| zAradAtanaya ne vibhAva ke ATha aise guNo kA ullekha kiyA hai jiname se pratyeka kA bhinna-bhinna raso ke sAtha pRthak- pRthak sambandha nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| lalita guNa kA sarvaprathama varNana hai jise zRGgAra kA vibhAva kahA jAtA hai|' AcArya vizvanAtha ne vibhAva kI paribhASA dete hue kahA hai'ratyAdhubodhakA loke vibhAvAH kaavynaattyyoH|' arthAt loka me jo-jo padArtha laukika ratyAdi bhAvo ke udbodhaka huA karate haiM ve hI kAvya nATya meM niviSTa hone para 'vibhAva' kahe jAyA karate haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki loka-jIvana ke rAmAdi puruSoM ke hRdaya meM rati hAsa-zokAdi bhAvoM ke udbodhaka ke rUpa meM jo sItAdirUpa kAraNa hai, ve hI kAvya nATya meM niviSTa hone para, vibhAva kahe jAte haiN| kAvya nATya meM samarpita sItAdi ko isalie vibhAva kahA karate haiM kyoM ki 'inhIM ke dvArA sahRdaya sAmAjikoM kI anAdiratyAdi vAsanA rUpa meM aMkurita hone se samartha banAyI jAyA karatI hai| dazarUpakakAra ne vibhAva kA yaha abhiprAya prakAzita kiyA hai bhAratIya nATya paramparA aura abhinaya darpaNa pR. saM. 171-172 bhAvaprakAzana- eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 119 ( zAradAtanaya) sAhityadarpaNa 3/ pR. saM. 135-136

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'jJAyamAnatayA tatra vibhAvo bhAvapoSakRt ' rasa ke udbhAvako me vibhAva vaha hai jo svayaM jAnA huA hokara (sthAyI) bhAva ko puSTa karatA hai|' yaha vibhAva-mImAMsA rasa-carvaNA ke sAdhana rUpa meM bAda ke nATyAcAryo ne svIkRta kI hai / dazarUpakakAra ne isIlie kahA hai - kAvya nATya ke kSetra me janakatanayAdi vizeSatAoM se zUnya, vastutaH sAdhAraNIkRta sItAdi ko 'vibhAva' kahA karate haiN| aisA isalie kyoM ki isI se sAmAjika hRdaya me ratyAdi vAsanAyeM sphurita huA karatI hai| ' nATyadarpaNakAra kI bhI yahI vibhAva dRSTi hai 'vAsanAtmatayA sthitaM sthAyinaM rasatvena bhavantaM vibhAvayanti, AvirbhAvanAvizeSeNa prayojayanti ityAlambanoddIpanarUpA lalanodyAnAdayo vibhAvAH,' vibhAva ke do prakAra hote hai| (1) Alambana aura (2) uddIpana / jisako Alambana karake yA Azraya mAna kara rasa kI utpatti yA niSpatti hotI hai, use Alambana vibhAva aura jisake dvArA rati Adi sthAyI bhAvoM va uddIpana hotA hai, use uddIpana vibhAva kahate haiN| udAharaNArtha zakuntalA ko dekhakara duSyanta ke mana meM rati kI utpatti hotI hai, ukta donoM ko dekhakara sAmAjiko ke mana meM bhI rasa kI utpatti hotI haiN| yahAeN zakuntalA aura duSyanta donoM, zRGgAra rasa ke Azraya hai aura caoNdanI, prAkRtika vAtAvaraNa tathA ekAnta Adi donoM kI rati ke uddIpaka hone ke kAraNa uddIpana vibhAva hai| * 1 2 3 4 134 dazarUpakam 4/2 saM. 258 nanu ca sAmAjikAzrayeSu . dazarUpakam caturthaH prakAzaH pR. saM. 385 nATyadarpaNa tRtIya viveka bhAratIya nATya paramparA aura abhinaya darpaNa kazcidAzrayamAtradAyinI vidadhati ?

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135 sAhityadarpaNa me bhI isake do bhedo kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai - 'AlambanoddIpanAkhyau tasya bhedAvubhau smRtau|' ina dono bhedo meM Alambana vibhAva nAyakAdi ko kahate haiM kyoM ki inhIM ke sahAre, inhI ke sAtha, sAdhAraNIkaraNa hone ke kAraNa sAmAjikoM ke hRdaya meM rasa kA saJcAra huA karatA hai| uddIpana vibhAva ke sandarbha meM AcArya vizvanAtha ne kahA hai- uddIpanavibhAvAste rasamuddIpayanti ye| bhinna-bhinna raso ke bhinna-bhinna uddIpana vibhAva haiM jo rasa ko uddIpta kiyA karate haiM- unhe uddIpana vibhAva kahate haiN| vaise rasa ke uddIpana vibhAva kA abhiprAya hai una-una padArthoM kA jo sAmAjika-hRdaya meM udbuddha ratyAdi bhAva kA uddIpana kiyA karate rasArNavasudhAkara'kAra ne nimna padArthoM ko 'taTastha'uddIpana vibhAva kahA taTasthAzcandrikA dhaaraagRhcndrodyaavpi|| kokilaalaapmaakndmndmaarutssttpdaaH| latAmaNDapa- bhUgeha diirghikaajldaarvaaH|| prsaadgrbhsNgiitkriiddaadisridaadyH| evamUhya ythaakaalmupbhogoropyoginH||' sAhityadarpaNa 3/29 pR. saM. 137 sAhityadarpaNa 3/131 pR. saM. 199 rasArNavasudhAkara prathama vilaas|

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AcArya vizvanAtha ke anusAra ye nimnodiSTa padArtha uddIpana vibhAva varga nAyaka-nAyikA Adi kI vividha AGgika ceSTAye, samucita deza, upayukta samaya Adi / meM Ate hai - 136 niSkarSataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki rasa ko utpanna karane meM vibhAva kA bahuta mahattvapUrNasthAna hai| sAdhAraNatayA manuSya meM jo rati Adi bhAva hote haiM use vibhAva sAdhAraNIkaraNa dvArA rasAsvAdana karAtA hai| isakI abhivyakti vAcika, AGgika Adi abhinayo dvArA hotI hai| arthAt jisake dvArA sahRdayo ke rati bhAva jAgRta hote hai vahI hetu vibhAva hotA hai| udAharaNa ke lie jaise nAyaka ke mana me jo rati Adi bhAva hai vaha nAyikA ko dekhakara udbuddha rahA hai ataH yahA~ nAyikA ko vibhAva kahA jaayegaa| isa prakAra Alambana jo ki isakA pahalA bheda varNita hai isI kA Azraya lekara jo sahRdayajanoM ke hRdaya meM rati bhAva vAsanA rUpa meM hotA hai vaha avirbhUta hotA haiM tathA uddIpana vibhAva dvArA vaha aura bhI pradIpta hotA hai / anubhAva rasa niSpatti meM sthAyI bhAva rasa ke abhyantara kAraNa haiN| isI prakAra Alambana uddIpana vibhAva usake bAhya kAraNa hai| kintu anubhAva tathA vyabhicArI bhAva usa abhyantara rasa niSpatti yA rasAnubhUti se utpanna zArIrika tathA mAnasika vyApAra haiN| nATyazAstra ( 7/4) meM kahA gayA hai ki 'vAcika tathA AMgika abhinaya ke dvArA ratyAdi sthAyI bhAva kI abhyantara anubhUti kA jo bAhya rUpa meM anubhava karAtA hai, use anubhAva kahate haiM vAgaGgAbhinayeneha yatastvartho'nubhAvyate / - zAkhAGgopAGgasaMyuktastvanubhAvastataH smRtaH / / AcArya bharata ne anubhAva kI paribhASA karate hue (nATyazAstra 7/5) likhA hai ki 'jinake dvArA vAcika AMgika aura sAtvika abhinaya anubhAvita hote haiM, unheM anubhAva kahate haiM (anubhAvyate'nena vAgaGgasattvakRto'bhinaya

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137 iti)' zarIra ke vibhinna aGgoM tathA upAGgoM kI ceSTAoM dvArA kiye jAne vAle abhinaya se anubhAvoM kA sambandha sthApita karate hue nATyazAstra (4/3) meM kahA gayA hai ki ve Antarika bhAvo ke sUcaka hai isalie vahA~ bhrU-kaTAkSa Adi vikAro ko anubhAva kI saMjJA dI gayI hai|' 'anubhAvo vikArastu bhaavsNsuucnaatmkH|' AcArya bharata ne vibhAvoM tathA anubhAvoM ko lokaprasiddha mAnA hai, kyo ki ve mAnava svabhAva ke aMga hai, loka me unakI sthiti svAbhAvika hai| vijJajano kA kahanA hai ( nATyazAstra 7/6) ki -- vibhAva tathA anubhAva loka pravRtti ke anusAra hote haiN| loka jaisA vyavahAra karatA hai, ve tadAnusAra usakA anukaraNa karate haiM isalie loka meM prApta jJAna ke AdhAra para hI nATya meM unakA pradarzana hotA hai| lokasvabhAvasaMsiddhA lokyaatraanugaaminH| anubhAvA vibhAvAzca jJeyAstvAbhinaye budhaiH|| anubhAva vastutaH rasAnubhUti kI bAhya abhivyaMjanA ke sAdhana hai aura unameM zArIrika vyApAra kI pramukhatA hotI haiN| abhinetA kRtrima rUpa me ina anubhAvo kA abhinaya karatA haiN| anukArya duSyanta Adi kI antastha rasAnubhUti kI bAhya abhivyakti anubhAvo ke rUpa meM hotI haiN| rasAnubhUti ke anantara utpanna hone ke kAraNa unheM anubhAva nAma diyA gayA hai (anu pazcAt bhavanti itynubhaavaaH)|' sAhityadarpaNakAra anubhAva kA svarUpa pratipAdita karate hue kahate hai - 'udbaddhaM kAraNaiH svaiH svairbahirbhAvaM prkaashyn| bhAratIya nATya paramparA aura abhinaya darpaNa pR. saM. 172 bhAratIya nATya paramparA aura abhinayadarpaNa pR. saM. 172-173

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hI DhaMga se spaSTa kiyA hai - anubhAva kA saMkSipta abhiprAya nATyadarpaNakAra ne isa paMkti meM apane liGginaM rasamityanubhAvA: stambhAdayaH / " 'anu liGganizcayAt pazcAt bhAvayanti gamayanti 1 anubhAva kA svarUpaM AcArya dhanaJjaya ne isa prakAra se prastuta kiyA hai - 'anubhAvo vikArastu bhAvasUcanAtmakaH / " arthAt (rati Adi) bhAvo ko sUcita karane vAlA vikAra (zarIra Adi kA parivartana) anubhAva hai| 2 anubhAvoM kA tAtparya manogata bhAvoM ke sAkSAt abhivyaJjaka upAdAnoM jaise ki bhravikSepa Adi se hai| manogata bhAvoM ke ye sAkSAt abhivyaJjaka upAdAna isalie 'anubhAva' kahe jAte haiM kyoM ki ratyAdirUpa manogata bhAvoM ke udbodhana me hI inakI utpatti sambhava hai| bhrUvikSepa Adi kA anubhAva honA yaha siddha karatA hai ki inake dvArA hetubhUta ratyAdi bhAvoM kI abhivyakti hotI hai| anubhAvoM kI cAra zreNiyA~ hai - (1) cittArambhaka, jaise ki bhAva- hAva-helA Adi (2) gAtrArambhaka, jaise ki lIlA, vilAsa, vicchitti Adi / (3) vAgArambhaka, jaise ki AlApa, 3 (4) ddhyAraMbhaka, jaise ki rIti, vRtti Adi / 139 nATyadarpaNa tRtIya viveka dazarUpakam 4/3 pR. saM. 261 sAhityadarpaNa 3 pR. saM. 201 vilApa, saMlApa Adi

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140 uparyukta anubhAva ke prasaMga meM sAttvika bhAva kA prasaGga AyA hai, ataH saMkSepa me sAttvika bhAva kyA aura kauna hai? isakA nirdeza prastuta hai - AcArya dhanaJjaya ne ATha sAttvika bhAvoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - stambhapralayaromAJcA: svedo vaivrnnyvepthu||5|| azruvaisvaryamityaSTau, stmbho'sminnisskriyaanggtaa| pralayo naSTasaMjJatvam, zeSAH suvyktlkssnnaaH||' sAhityadarpaNakAra ne bhI sAttvikabhAvoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - (1) stambha (2) sveda (3) romAJca (4) svarabhaGga (5) vepathu (6) vaivarNya (7) prly| ina AThoM sAttvika bhAvoM kA svarUpa nimnalikhita hai - (1) stambha - bhaya, harSa, roga Adi ke kAraNa mana kiM vA zarIra ke vyApAroM kA ruka jAnA stambha hai| (2) sveda * rati prasaGga, Atapa (dhUpa), parizrama Adi ke kAraNa zarIra se nikala par3ane vAle jala ko (pasInA) 'sveda' kahate hai (3) romAJca - harSa, vismaya, bhaya Adi ke kAraNa roMgaTe ke khar3e hone ko romAJca kahA jAtA hai| (4) svarabhaGga . madyapAna, harSa, pIr3A Adi ke kAraNa gale ke rUMdha jAne vikRta ho jAne kA nAma svarabhaGga hai| (5) vepathu - anurAga, dveSa, parizrama Adi ke kAraNa va zarIra kI kaMpakaMpI ko vepathu kahA jAtA hai| dazarUpakam 4,5,6

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(6) vaivarNya - * 2 varNavikAra kA nAma vaivarNya hai| - viSAda, mada, roSa Adi ke kAraNa utpanna hue 141 (7) azru - duHkha, praharSa Adi ke kAraNa utpanna hone vAle netra jala ko azru kahate haiN| (8) pralaya sukha athavA duHkha ke atireka me ceSTAzUnyatA kiM vA jJAnazUnyatA pralaya hai|' isa prakAra antataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki ratyAdi bhAva jo manuSya ke andara nihita hai vaha jaba bAhya jagata meM vANI yA aGgoM ke abhinaya dvArA prakaTa karate hai to use hama anubhAva kI saMjJA de sakate haiN| uddIpana aura Alambana vibhAva se ratyAdi bhAva hRdaya me udbuddha huA karatA hai| parantu vahI ratyAdi bhAva jaba AGgika ceSTAoM dvArA loka jIvana me kAvya-nATaka meM prakAzita hotA hai to use hama anubhAva kA svarUpa pradAna karate hai / inakI sthiti svabhAvika mAnI jAtI hai| anubhAva meM zArIrika vyApAra jaise kaTAkSa Adi kI pramukhatA mAnI jAtI hai| anubhAva rasAnubhUti karAne me sAdhana ke rUpa meM hote hai| vyabhicArIbhAva - AcArya vizvanAtha vyabhicArIbhAva kA svarUpa prastuta karate hue kahate hai vizeSAdAbhimukhyena caraNAdvyabhicAriNaH / sthAyinyunmagnanirmagnastrayastriMzacca tadbhidAH / / ' arthAt ve bhAva vyabhicArI bhAva kahe jAte hai jo (vibhAva aura anubhAva kI apekSA) vizeSa utkaTatA kiM vA anukUlatA se (vAsanArUpa se sAmAjika sAhityadarpaNa 3 / 135 se 139 tk| sAhityadarpaNa 3 / 140

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hRdaya meM sadA virAjamAna) ratyAdi sthAyI bhAvoM ko rasAsvAdana meM pariNata kiyA karate hai tathA jinhe sthAyIbhAvo meM samudra meM budabuda kI bhA~ti unmajjita kiM vA nimajjita hote hue dekhA jAyA karatA hai| 142 vyabhicArIbhAva kI abhinava bhAratI- sammata vyAkhyA AcArya hemacandra ke ina zabdo meM hai 'bhAvayanti cittavRttayaH hetupraznamAhuH / ' 1 hemacandra kA kAvyAnuzAsana 2/18 . utsAhazaktimAnityatra tAtparya yaha hai ki ratyAdi athavA nirvedAdi cittavRttiyo ko hI bhAva kahA jAtA haiM, cittavRttiyoM ko 'bhAva' isalie kahA jAtA hai kyoM ki kavi kalA kiMvA nATyakalA kI varNanA aura aGkana zakti inhe 'AsvAdya banA diyA karatI haiN| lokajIvana meM ye cittavRttiyA~ rasa athavA AsvAdarUpa meM anubhava kA viSaya nahIM banatI hai| yaha kalAjIvana kI mahimA hai jisake kAraNa ye rasa rUpa se pratIta haiN| ina cittavRttiyoM ko isa dRSTi se bhI 'bhAva' kahate hai kyoki kAvya-nATya ke kSetra meM sAmAjikoM kA hRdaya inase vyApta ho jAtA hai| aba ina cittavRttiyo me sthira aura asthira rUpa kI dvividha cittavRttiyA~ haiN| sthira cittavRttiyA~ jaise ki rati Adi aisI haiM jo prANimAtra ke hRdaya meM, janma se hI saMskAra rUpa meM virAjamAna rahA karatI haiN| 'aba vyabhicArIbhAva' una asthira cittavRttiyoM kA, kalA-jagata meM prasiddha, nAma hai jo sthAyI cittavRtti sUtra me piroyI pratIta huA karatI haiN| kabhI ye cittavRttiyA~ udita hotI hai, kabhI asta hotI hai| anantara vaicitrya ke sAtha iname avirbhAva - tirobhAva kI A~khamicaunI calA karatI haiN| inake kAraNa sthAyI cittavRttiyA~ citra-vicitra lagA karatI haiN| sthAyI cittavRttiyoM meM DUbanA - utarAnA inakI vizeSatA hai| isIlie inheM vyabhicArIbhAva kahA gayA hai| 'glAni' vyabhicArI bhAva haiM koI

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143 kahe yaha glAna laga rahA hai to pUchA jAtA hai- aisA kyo? glAni ke hetu kA yaha prazna isa bAta kA pramANa hai 'glAni' asthira' mano bhAva haiM kintu 'rAma utsAha kI zakti se bharapUra hai' aisA kahane para koI nahIM pUMchatA aisA kyo? isase spaSTa hai ki 'utsAha' eka sthira manobhAva hai| dazarUpakakAra vyabhicArIbhAva kA lakSaNa nimna prakAra se dete haiM - "vizeSAdAbhimukhyema carantI vybhicaarinnH| sthAyinyunmagnanirmagnAH kallolA iva vaaridhau||' arthAt vividha prakAra se abhimukha calane vAle bhAva vyabhicArI bhAva kahalAte hai, jo sthAyI bhAva se isI prakAra prakaTa hokara vilIna hote rahate hai, jisa prakAra sAgara meM trngge| bharata ke nATyazAstra meM vyabhicArI bhAva kI yaha vyutpatti dI gayI hai - "vividhamAbhimukhyena raseSu carantIti vybhicaarinnH|' AcArya vizvanAtha ne bhI vyabhicArIbhAva ke 33 bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - (1) nirveda (2) Avega (3) dainya (4) zrama (5) mada (6) jar3atA (7) auyya (8) moha (9) vibodha (10) svapna (11) apasmAra (12) garva (13) maraNa (14) alasatA (15) amarSa (16) nidrA (17) avahitthA (18) autsukya (19) unmAda (20) zaGkA (21) smRti (22) mati (23) vyAdhi (24) trAsa (25) lajjA (26) harSa (27) asUyA (28) viSAda dazarUpakam 4/7 pR. saM. 267 nATyazAstra saptama adhyAya

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144 (29) dhRti (30) capalatA (31) glAni (32) cintA aura (33) vitrk| vyabhicArIbhAva pada kI vyutpatti - vyabhicArIpada kI niSpatti karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki vi evaM abhi upasargo ke gati tathA saMcAlana artha meM car dhAtuse vyabhicArIpada niSpanna hotA hai| isa dRSTi se vibhinna raso me anukUlatA ke sAtha unmukha yA saMcarita hone vAle bhAvoM ko vyabhicArI kahA jAtA hai| ye vyabhicArI vibhinna anubhAvo se yukta AMgika vAcika evaM sAttvika abhinayoM dvArA sthAyIbhAvoM ko rasa rUpa meM vyakta karate hai arthAt sthAyI bhAvo ko rasa taka le jAte haiN| isI AdhAra para AcArya bharata ne unakI paribhASA (nATyazAstra 7/142-171) meM kahA hai ki 'jo rasa meM nAnArUpa se vicaraNa karate hai aura raso ko puSTa kara AsvAdana yogya banAte haiM unhe vyabhicArI bhAva kahate haiM (vividha abhimukhyena raseSu carantIti vyabhicAriNaH vAgAGgasattvopetAH prayoge rasAnnayantIti vybhicaarinnH)| ve usI prakAra sthAyI bhAvo ko rasoM taka le jAte hai, jaise loka pracalita paramparA ke anusAra 'sUrya amuka dina yA amuka nakSatra ko prApta karAtA yA le jAtA hai| isa dRSTAnta me yadyapi yaha nahIM kahA gayA hai ki sUrya dina yA nakSatra ko apanI bAjuo yA kandhoM para uThAkara le jAtA hai, phira bhI loka meM pracalita hai| jaise sUrya yA nakSatra yA dina ko dhAraNa karatA hai yA le jAtA hai usI prakAra vyabhicArIbhAva sthAyIbhAvoM ko dhAraNa karate yA rasa taka le jAte haiN| ve sthAyIbhAvoM ko rasa rUpa meM bhAvita karate haiN| isalie unheM vyabhicArI kahA gayA hai| sAhityadarpaNa 3/141 pR. saM. 205 bhAratIya nATya paramparA aura abhinaya darpaNa pR. saM. 175

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145 rasa kA adhiSThAna kyA hai ? (dhanaJjaya aura dhanika kA rasa viSayaka dRSTikoNa) saMskRta kAvyazAstra meM isa prazna para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai ki rasa kA adhiSThAna kyA hai? rasa kA AsvAdya koI rasika vyakti karatA hai; vaha rasa usake hI andara hotA hai yA kahIM anyatra yA to mUlapAtra me ho sakatA hai yA usakA abhinaya karane vAle nara me| dhanika kA isa viSaya meM mata yaha hai ki rasa rasika me hI vidyamAna rahatA hai : kyoki vahI AsvAdana karatA haiM paragata vastu kA koI AsvAdana nahIM kara sktaa| rasa ko hama mUlapAtragata nahIM mAna skte| isameM kaI kAraNa haiM- eka to zamAdi mUla pAtra jinakA abhinaya kiyA jAtA hai, isa samaya vidyamAna nahIM hote| ve atIta kI vastu ho cuke hote hai ataH unake bhAva kA bana jAtA hai| yadyapi bhartRhari jI ne kahA hai ki zabda me bimba banAne kI zakti hotI hai| isa prakAra varNanA ke AdhAra para hamAre antaH karaNoM meM rAmAdi ke bimba kA nirmANa ho sakatA hai| para bimba vibhAvAdi rUpatA ke sampAdana me hI kAraNa hotaa| AsvAda pravartaka nahI ho sktaa| kAraNa rUpatA me usakA upayoga ho sakatA hai, svarUpa sampAdana meM nhii| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki kavi aitihAsika rAma meM rasotpAdana ke lie kAvyaracanA nahIM karatA; kintu usakA uddezya sahRdayoM ko Ananda detA hai| sahRdayo ko rasasambaddha Ananda kI hI prApti ho sakatI haiM ataH rasa ko svagata yA hRdayagata hI mAnanA caahie| eka anya tarka yaha hai ki yadi anukAryagata rasa mAnA jAyegA to jisa prakAra do vyaktiyoM ko eka dekhakara yaha pratIti ho jAtI hai ki amuka vyakti' meM paraspara rati hai athavA una vyaktiyoM ko khule meM prema pradarzana karate dekhakara lajjA kA anubhava hotA yA bhAratIya nATyazAstra aura raMgamaMca- DaoN0 rAma sAgara tripaatthii| prathama saMskaraNa 1971 prakAzaka- azoka prakAzana, naI sar3aka, dillii|

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146 IrSyA hotI hai athavA svayaM rasakAnta se anurAga utpanna ho jAtA hai yA unase dveSa ho jAtA hai, yahI bAta kAvya meM hone lgegii| kintu kAvya meM aisA hotA nhiiN| usame do vyaktiyo ke prema kA abhinaya dekhakara yA usakA varNana par3hakara sahRdaya ke hRdaya meM svataH Ananda utpanna ho jAtA hai jo loka me nahIM hotaa| ataH rasa anukAryagata nahIM hote| vyaMgya vahIM vastu hotI hai jo anya prakAra se vidyamAna siddha kI jA ske| udAharaNa ke lie dIpaka se ghar3A vyakta hotA hai| rasa pahale se rAma ityAdi meM nahI mAnA jAtA haiM ataH rasa kI vyaMjanA vyApAra ke dvArA pratIti siddha nahIM kI jA sktii| aba nartaka kI rasAdhiSThAnatA kA prazna zeSa raha jAtA hai| isa viSaya me dhanika kA mata hai ki nartaka ko rasa kA adhiSThAna mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai| kintu usa samaya vaha rasAsvAdana parizIlaka ke rUpa meM karegA, nartaka ke rUpa meM nhiiN|

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147 (kha) jainameghadUtam meM rasa-vimarza AcArya merUtuGga ne jainameghadUtam meM mukhya rUpa se do hI rasoM kA prayoga kiyA hai (1) zRGgAra rasa tathA isake donoM bhedoM (ka) vipralambha zRGgAra (kha) saMyoga zRGgAra rasa (2) zAnta rs| inhoMne jainameghadUtam meM rasa yojanA kI saphala niSpatti ke lie rasa ke sabhI tattvoM kA kuzalatA se samAveza kiyA hai| sarvaprathama hama zRGgAra rasa ko lete haiN| zRGgAra kA abhiprAya hai jo kAmodbheda se saMbhUta ho| jainameghadUtam kI nAyikA rAjImatI kAmodbheda se saMbhUta hai, ataH ise hama zRGgAra rasa kI koTi me rakha sakate hai / zRGgAra rasa ke Alambana ke viSaya me kahA gayA hai ki prAyaH uttama prakRti ke premI jana huA karate hai| hama jainameghadUtam me bhI AcArya merUtuGga ne Alambana ke rUpa me nAyaka zrI nemi evaM nAyikA rAjImatI kA varNana kiyA hai jo uttama prakRti ke haiN| zRGgAra rasa 3 ke vibhAva ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki isake antargata candra - candrikA, candAnulepana bhramara jhaMkAra Adi hote haiM, AcArya merUtuGga jI ne bhI uddIpana vibhAva ke rUpa meM candramA, candanAnulepana, prAkRtika vAtAvaraNa ityAdi kA prayoga jainameghadUtam meM kiyA hai| prAkRtika vAtAvaraNa se to sampUrNa kAvya hI bharA huA hai jo ki rAjImatI ke hRdaya meM sthita rati bhAva ko aura bhI uddIpta karatA hai| udAharaNArtha - "sadhrIcIbhiH skhalitakvacananyAsamAzUpanItaiH sphItaistaistai malayajajalArdrAdi zItopacAraiH / pratyAvRtte kathamapi tatazcetane dattakAntA kuSThotkaSThaM navajalamucaM sAnidadhyau ca dadhyau / / "" jainameghadUtam 1/3 1

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arthAt sakhyioM ke dvArA zoka gada-gada vacano ke sAtha zIghra hI kiye gaye loka-prasiddha candana - jarlA vastrAdi prabhUta - zItopacAra ke dvArA kisI prakAra cetana ke lauTane para rAjImatI ne pati ke hRdaya me tIvra utkaNThA jagAne vAle megha varSAkAla meM naye-naye U~ce megho ko dekhakara yuvatiyoM ke mana meM apane priya ke prati tathA yuvako ke mana meM apanI priyA ke prati sahajatayA utkaNThA utpanna ho jAtI hai - ko dekhA aura socA ataH uparyukta zloka me uddIpana vibhAva kA avalokana hotA hai| yahAeN uddIpana vibhAva ke rUpa me megha yuvaka yuvatiyoM ke hRdaya meM sthita ratibhAva ko jAgRta karake apane premI tathA apanI preyasI keprati utkaNThA utpanna karatA hai| 148 AcArya bharatamuni ne anubhAva kI paribhASA dete hue kahA hai ki 'jinake dvArA vAcika AMgika aura sAttvika abhinaya anubhAvita hote haiM use anubhAva kahate hai| jainameghadUtam meM vAcika AMgika tathA sAttvika abhinaya anubhAvita hote hai nIlenIle zitilapanayan varSayatyazruvarSan garjatyasmin paTu kaTu raTan vidyayatyauSNyamiryan / varSAsvevaM prabhavati zuce vipralabdho'mbuvAhe vAmAvarga: prakRtikuhanaH spardhate'nena yuktam / / ' 1 arthAt varSAkAla meM svabhAva se IrSyAlu virahiNI striyA~ apane zoka ko utpanna karane vAle megha se jo ISyA karatI haiM vaha ThIka hI hai (kyoMki) megha ke nIla tulya zyAmavarNa vAlA hone para ve bhI mukha ko zyAma banA letI haiN| jaba megha barasatA hai taba ve bhI azru barasAtI hai, jaba vaha garajatA hai to virahiNI jainameghadUtam 1/6

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149 cAturya pUrNa kaTu vilApa karatI hai aura jaba bijalI camakatI hai to ve bhI uSNaniHzvAsa chor3atI haiN| ___ uparyukta zloka me anubhAva kI 4 zreNiyoM meM se 'vAgArambhaka' nAmaka zreNI kA prayoga hai jisameM AlApa vilApa saMlApa Adi pAyA jAtA hai| yahA~ bhI megha jaba garajatA hai to virahiNI vilApa karatI haiN| azru Adi sAttvika bhAva hai jo anubhAva ke antargata Ate haiN| yahA~ virahiNI striyoM me mukha kA zyAmavarNa ho jAnA tathA uSNa niHzvAsa Adi chor3anA ityAdi unake hRdaya me udbaddha ratyAdi bhAvo ko bAhara prakAzita karane vAle aGgAdi vyApAra haiM jo anubhAva kI saMjJA prApta karate hai| jainameghadUtam me 'pralaya' nAmaka sAttvika bhAva bhI prApta hote hai, pralaya kA tAtparya hai jnyaanshuunytaa| jJAnazUnyatA kA paricaya to rAjImatI ke kathano me milatA hai, vaha acetana megha ko apanA dUta banAtI hai yaha usakI jJAnazUnyatA hI kahI jaayegii| jJAnazUnyatA kA darzana nimna likhita zloka meM hotA hai arthoktAyA svacaritatateH svapnavatsA'tha sadyAH sNjaanvypynhitdhiiryussttsuptotthitev| saMpazyantI virahavivazA zUnyamAzAH kadAzApAzAmuktA mudiramuditaM paryabhASiSTa bhuuyH||' arthAt isake bAda prAtaH kAla sokara uThI huI sI, asAvadhAna buddhi vAlI viraha se vyAkula kutsita AzA bandhana se bA~dhI huI tathA sabhI dizAo ko zUnya sI dekhatI huI rAjImatI apanI AdhI kahI huI kathA kA smaraNa karatI huI megha se punaH bolii| jainameghadatam 2/26

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150 vyabhicArI bhAva ke sandarbha meM vicAra karane para hama dekhate hai ki vyabhicArI bhAvoM ke 33 bhedoM meM se glAni nAmaka vyabhicArI bhAva kI bahulatA milatI hai| glAni kA tAtparya hai zarIra vANI aura mana ke vyApAro me glApana (durbltaa)| glAni kA udAharaNa aneka sthAnoMpara prApta hotA hai udAharaNArtha rAjamatI zrI nemi ke viyoga me bAra-bAra murchita ho jAtI hai apane ko dhikkAratI huI kahatI hai ki he hRdaya tuma do Tukar3e kyoM nahI ho jaate| antataH zrI nemi ke viyoga se rAjImatI ko itanA adhika glAni hai ki vaha AtmahatyA karane ko tula jAtI hai| isaprakAra AcArya merUtuGga ne rasa ke sabhI tattvoM ko saphalatA pUrvaka samAhita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| isa prakAra jaba hama vipralambha zRGgAra rasa ke prakAro para vicAra karate hai to hama dekhate hai ki pUrvarAga kA kucha aMza kAvya ke prArambha me milatA hai| jaba rAjImatI zrI nemi kA gavAkSa se sAkSAt darzana karatI hai, vaha una para anurakta ho jAtI hai yaha samAgama se pUrva kI sthiti hai| parantu yaha anurakta bhAva kevala rAjImatI meM hai, zrI nemi to pUrNataH rAga zUnya hai| / ___AcArya merUtuGga ne vipralambha zRGgAra rasa ke antima prakAra karuNa kA bhI prayoga apane kAvya meM kiyA hai| jainameghadUtam kAvya kA prArambha hI viyoga kI atikArUNika sthiti se hotA hai| nAyaka zrInemi vivAha-bhoja ke lie kATe jAne vAle pazuoM kA karuNa krandana sunakara virakta ho jAte haiM aura vivAha sthala se tatkAla hI vApasa hokara parvatazreSTha pavitra raivataka para AtmazAnti evaM adhyAtmika sukha prApti hetu cale jAte haiN| zrI nemi ke vairAgya dhAraNA kI sUcanA pAte hI kAmapIr3itA rAjImatI mUrchita ho jAtI hai|' vipralambha zRGgAra rasa meM 10 kAmadazAe~ hotI haiM- unameM abhilApa, cintA, smRti, guNakathana, udvega, saMpralApa unmAda, vyAdhi, jar3atA, mRti (-) ityaadi| jainameghadUtam 1/2

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151 usame 'unmAda' jisameM ki jar3a cetana me viveka nahIM ho pAtA hai yahI jar3a cetana ke viveka kA abhAva rAjImatI meM hai tabhI to ve acetana megha ko zrI nemi ke pAsa dUta banAkara bhejatI hai| 'vyAdhi' nAmaka kAmabhAvanA kA bhI varNana hai isake antargata dIrghaniHzvAsa pANDutA, kRzatA Adi Ate hai| isa kAvya me bhI dIrgha niHzvAsa, pANDutA, kRzatA kA varNana hai - dhyAtvaivaM sA . . . . mugdhaavaacetyuvaac|| arthAt navIna meghoM se sikta bhUmi kI taraha niHzvAsoM ko chor3atI huI tathA mada ke Avega ke kAraNa yuktAyukta kA vicAra na karatI huI rAjImatI, meghamAlA jisa prakAra prabhUta jala ko barasAtI hai usI prakAra azruo kI dharAvRSTi karatI huI duHkha se ati dIna hokara pUrva me kahe gaye ke anusAra dhyAna karake madhura vANI meM megha se bolii| isa prakAra niHzvAsa Adi ko vyAdhi nAmaka kAmabhAvanA meM samAhita kara sakate haiN| yuktAyukta kA vicAra na kara pAnA eka prakAra kI mAnasika niHzceSTA hai ataH ise hama jar3atA nAmaka kAmabhAvanA meM samAhita kara sakate haiN| AcArya vizvanAtha Adi ke anusAra vipralambha zRGgAra rasa ke antargata maraNa kA varNana niSiddha hotA hai kyoM ki isase rasa vicchinna ho jAtA haiM yadi isakA varNana kiyA bhI jAtA hai to maraNAsanna ke rUpa meM yA maraNa kI hArdika abhilASA ke rUpa meN| ataH AcArya merutuGga ne apane isa kAvya meM rAjImatI ke maraNa kI abhilASA ko prakaTa kiyA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki zRGgAra rasa ke donoM pakSoM saMyoga tathA vipralambha zRGgAra rasa kA prayoga karate samaya unameM vidyamAna sabhI vizeSatAoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai jisase kahIM bhI rasa avacchinna nahIM huA hai| jainameghadatam 1/9

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152 jainameghadUtam me AcArya merutuGga ne zRGgAra ke dono pakSo kA varNana karane ke pazcAta unako zAnta rasa meM samAviSTa kara diyA hai| jaina meghadUtam me abhivyaJjita zAnta rasa kI sudhAdhArA rAgadveSa se grasta mAnava samAja ko zAzvata Ananda pradAna karane kI kSamatA rakhatA hai| kAvya ke prArambha me hI zrI nemi ke rAgazUnyatA kA darzana hotA hai jisameM ve rAjImatI ko tyAgakara parvatazreSTha pavitra raivataka ko svIkAra karate hai kazcitkAntAmaviSayasukhAnIcchuratyantadhImA.....raivatakaM sviickaar|| uparyukta zloka me zAnta rasa kI jhalaka AtI hai| zAnta rasa kI abhivyaJjanA karatI huI rAjImatI kI sakhiyA~ zrI nemi ke adhyAtmaparaka vizeSatAoM kA varNana karatI haiM aura rAjImatI ko samyag jJAna rUpI zastra se mahAmoha rUpI malla ko mAra DAlane ko kahatI haiM rAgAmbhodhau lalitalalanAcATuvAgbhaGgibhiryaH ... . . . sprssttumpykssmaastaaH|| sakhiyoM kI isa prakAra ke vacanoM ko sunakara rAjImatI zrI nemi ke samIpa jAkara dIkSA grahaNa kara letI hai sadhrIcInAM vacanaracanAmevamAkarNya sA'tho patyuAnAdavahitamatistanmayatvaM tthaa''pt| saGkhyAtAhairadhigatamahAnandasarvasvasadmA tasmAdbhaje'nupamiti yathA zAzvatI saukhyalakSmIm / / ' jainameghadatam 1/1 jainameghadatam 4/40

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arthAt sakhiyo kI isaprakAra kI vacana racanA ko sunakara rAjImatI pati kA dhyAna karatI huI tanmaya ho gii| isake bAda kevala jJAna koprApta bhagavAna nemi ke samIpa jAkara dIkSA grahaNa kara pati ke dhyAna meM lIna hokara svAmI kI taraha hI rAgadveSa Adi se yukta hokara kucha hI dinoM meM vaha paramAnanda ke sarvasva mokSa koprApta kara anupama tathA ananta sukha ko prApta karatI hai| jainameghadatam meM bhI zAntarasa ke prayoga meM zama nAmaka sthAyI bhAva hai, isa rasa kA Azraya rAjImatI evaM 22veM tIrthakara zrI neminAtha haiM pazu hiMsA Adi ke kAraNa utpanna duHkha se saMsAra ke prati niHsAratA hI Alambana vibhAva hai aura uddIpana vibhAva pavitra raivataka parvata hai, vyabhicArIbhAva nirveda, jIvadayA Adi hai| 153 isa prakAra zRGgAra rasa kA paryavasAna to zAnta rasa meM hotA hai parantu ise hama isa kAvya kA aGgI rasa kA rUpa nahIM de sake kAvya kA aGgIrasa vipralambha zRGgAra rasa hai| ina donoM rasoM ke atirikta kavi ne kAvya ke dvitIya sarga meM zrIkRSNa aura zrI nemi kI bhujabala kI parIkSA me vIra rasa kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| zrI nemi ke vAma hasta se sparza karate hI zrIkRSNa kI sRdRr3ha kI huI bhujalatA kandhe taka svayaM jhuka jAtI hai - - haste savye spRzati kimapi svAmino'nekapasyA / ' 2 naMstAskandhaM haribhujalatA sA svayaM stabdhitApi / / ' jainameghadUtam 4/42 jainameghadUtam 2/44

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paJcamo'dhyAya kAvya zilpa bhASA, zailI (guNa rItiyA~), alaMkAra, chanda

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154 kAvya zilpa 1- jainameghadUtam kI bhASA- AcArya merUtuGga kA bhASA para pUrNa adhikAra hai| vaha bhASA ko jisa prakAra se cAhate haiM usa prakAra se nacA sakate hai| inakI bhASA sabala puSTa aura susaMgaThita hai| isame uccakoTi kI kalpanAoM ke sAtha hI bhAva gAmbhIrya bhI hai| kalpanA kI U~cI ur3Ana se bhASA camatkRta ho gaI hai| bhASA aura zabdakoza para asAdharaNa adhikAra hone ke kAraNa unakI bhASA meM asAdharaNa manoramatA praur3hatA, prAMjalatA aura pariSkAra hai| kavi ne bhAvoM ke anukUla bhASA kA prayoga kiyA hai| kAvya meM mukhyataH gaur3I aura vedI rItiyA~ hI vidyamAna hai| mAdhurya guNa se abhivyaJjanA kara kavi ne bhASA ko mAdhurya guNa se paripUrNa kara diyA hai| oja guNa kI ramaNIya chaTA kA darzana zrI neminAtha dvArA zaMkha bajAne aura zrI kRSNa ke sAtha bhujabala kI parIkSA ke samaya hotA hai| prasAda guNa kA bhI darzana kiJcita sthalo para ho jAtA hai| kavi kI bhASA meM rasa kA ajasra pravAha dRSTigata hotA hai| kavi ne bhAvoM ke anukUla rasoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| kavi ne zRGgAra ke donoM pakSoM saMyoga evaM vipralambha tathA vIra, zAnta rasoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| bhASA meM dhvani kA camatkAra bhI dekhane yogya hai| kAvya kA prArambhika zloka dhvani se pUrita milatA hai - kazcitkAntAmaviSayasukhAnIcchuratyanta dhImAnenovRttiM tribhuvanagurU: svairmujjhaanyckaar| dAnaM datvAsuratarurivAtyucca dhAmarurukSuH

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155 puNyaM pRthvIdharavaramatho raivataM svIcakAra / / eka aura udAharaNa dekhie jisameM virahiNI striyo ke hone vAlI kAma vyathA dhvani rUpa meM abhivyAJjita ho rahI hai - nIlenIle zitilapanayan varSayatyanuvarSan garjatyasmin paTu kaTu raTan vidyayatyauSNyamiryan / varSAsvevaM prabhavati zuce vipralabdho'mbuvAhe vAma vargaH prakRtikuhanaH spardhate'nena yuktam / arthAt kavi kA vyAkaraNa, darzana manovijJAna, dhvani vijJAna, kAvya zAstra Adi viSayoM para adhikAra hai| kavi ne duHkhAkartum aura sukhAkurvataH do navIna vyAkaraNa kA prayoga kiyA hai| isI prakAra kucha navIna aise zabdoM kI racanA kI hai jinakA bhAva samajha pAnA atyadhika kaThina hai yathA zuGgikA (2/15) prAbhRta', ulUla dhvani', kSaireyI Adi aise zabda hai jinakA artha saralatA pUrvaka nikAla pAnA ati duzzaka hai| kucha aise bhI zabda hai jinakA kavi ne navIna artha nikAlA hai jaise barkara' kA krIr3A se, hallIsakaM kA striyo kA nRtya vizeSa se aura uSA" ko rAtri ke samAna kahA hai| aisA pratIta jainameghadUtam 1/1 jainameghadUtam 1/6 jainameghadUtam 3/17 jainameghadUtam 2/15 jainameghadUtam 2/37 jainameghadUtam 3/28 jainameghadUtam 4/15 jainameghadUtam 2/12 jainameghadUtam 2/16 jainameghadUtam 4/34

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156 hotA hai ki kavi ne ina sabhI kA prayoga apane bhASA adhikAra ko pradarzita karane ke lie hI kiyA hai| kavi kA bhASA para asAdharaNa adhikAra hai| ina navIna prayogo dvArA bhASA me durUhatA to AyI hai parantu unameM bhAvAbhivyakta kI kamI nahIM hai| kavi dvArA yatra-tatra sarala bhASA kA bhI prayoga darzanIya hai - pUraM pUraM surabhisalilaiH svarNazRGgANi raGgAt sAraGgAkSyaH smitakRtamamuM sarvato'pyabhyaSiJcan / dhArA dhaaraadhr| saralagAstAzca vArAmapArAH smArAdo'GgaprasRmarazarAsArasArA virejuH / / arthAt sAraGgAkSI una ramaNiyo ne apanI svarNima picakAriyo ko surabhita jalo ke raGgo se bhara kara muskurAte hue una bhagavAna zrI nemi ko sarAbora kara diyaa| he megh| sIdhI jAtI huI jala kI ve apAra dhArAe~ bhagavAna zrI nemi ke aGgo kI ora calAe gaye kAma ke vANoM kI vRSTi sI zobhita ho rahI thii| kavi ne kAvya meM aneka subhASitoM kA prayoga kiyA hai jisase bhASA aura bhI cArUtara bana gayI hai| yathA '-santaH prAyaH parahitakRte nAdriyante svamartham / sAragranthAn kaviriva sudhIH sadguNaM suuktijaatm| 'naitannodyaM vimalarucayaH prAyazo hi zvayanti, kSIyante cAbhyadhigatatamaH stomabhAvaH svabhAvAt" Adi ina subhASitoM se bhASA ko alaGkata kiyA hai| isa prakAra AcArya merUtuGga prakANDa vidvAna kavi hai unakI vidvattA kAvya meM pada-pada para parilakSita hotI hai| bhASA para pUrNa adhikAra hone ke jainameghadUtam 2/45 jainameghadUtam 3/18 jainameghadUtam 2/38 jainameghadUtam 2/31

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157 kAraNa AcArya ne aneka navIna zabdoM kI racanA kI hai| lekina apracalita zabdo ke prayoga se bhASA kliSTa ho gaI hai| kliSTa hote hue bhI bhASA bhAva kI abhivyakti karane meM samartha hai| hama kaha sakate hai ki kavi kI bhASA kliSTa hote hue bhI madhura hai|

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158 zailI jainameghadUtam kI zailI kI samAlocanA se pUrva zailI kI pramukha ghaTaka tattvo kI paricayAtmaka vyAkhyA Avazyaka hai| zailI ke pramukha ghaTaka tattvaguNa, rIti, alaMkAra yojanA, chanda Adi hai| isa prasaMga me sarvaprathama kAvyazAstrIya dRSTi se guNa nirUpaNa kiyA jA rahA hai - guNanirUpaNa vAmana Adi AcAryo ke anusAra 'kAvya ke zobhA janaka dharmoM ko guNa kahate hai 'kAvyazobhAyAH kattAro dharmA gunnH'| guNa rasa ke dharma hai- yaha siddhAnta dhvani dArzaniko kA eka pariniSThita kAvya siddhAnta hai| AcArya Anandavardhana ne spaSTa kahA hai "tamarthamavalambante ye'GginaM te guNAH smRtaaH| aGgAzritAstvalaMkArA mantavyAH kaTakAdivat / / " / ye tamartha rasAdilakSaNamaGginaM santamavalambante te guNAH zauryAdivat vAcyavAcakalakSaNAnyaGgAni ye punastadAzritAste'laGkArA mantavyAH kttkaadivt|' AcArya mammaTa ne bhI guNoM ko rasa dharma batalAyA hai| isI ke AdhAra para ve guNo ke tIna bheda svIkAra karate hai:- mAdhurya, oja, aura prsaad|' yadyapi bharatamuni ke nATyazAstra ke satrahaveM adhyAya meM dasa guNoM kA vivaraNa milatA hai: kAvyaprakAza 8/pR. saM. 414 dhvanyAloka dvitIya udyota mAdhuraujA prasAdAkhyAstrayaste na punardaza (kAvya prakAza 8/68 pR. saM. 4/16)

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159 'zleSa prasAdaH samatA samAdhiH mAdhuryayojaH padasaukumAryam / arthasya ca vyaktirUdAratA ca kAntizca kAvyasya rUpaM guNA drshte||' arthAta zleSa, prasAda, samatA, samAdhi, mAdhurya, oja, pada saukumArya, arthavyakti, udAratA, kAnti ye dasa guNa haiN| vAmana ne bhI dasa guNoM kI vyAkhyA kI hai| AcArya mammaTa kA mata hai ki kAvya me mAdhurya, oja tathA prasAda tIna hI guNa hote hai| vAmana Adi ke kahe hue dasa guNa nahI hote hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki unameM ke kucha guNa inhIM tIna ke antargata hai tathA kucha doSoM ke abhAva mAtra hai aura unameM se kucha to guNa pada ke adhikArI hI nahI hai kyokiM kisI rUpa meM yA kisI udAharaNa me ve doSa rUpa meM hI dRSTigocara hote hai|' ___sAhitya darpaNakAra ne bhI prAcIna AlaGkAriko ke dvArA zabda guNa ke rUpa me ginAye gaye guNoM ko oja guNa meM samAveza kiyA hai| sAhityadarpaNakAra ne bhI guNo ke tIna prakAroM ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai:- 'mAdhuryamojo'tha prasAda iti te tridhaa|' iname mAdhurya guNa vaha hai jise eka aisA AhlAda athavA Ananda kaha sakate hai jisakA svarUpa sahRdaya hRdaya kI 'druti' athavA 'dravIbhUtatA' hai - 'cittadravIbhAvamayo hrAdo maadhurymucyte|' kAvya prakAzakAra ke anusAra citta kI druti kA kAraNa jo ahlAdakatA arthAta Ananda svarUpatA hai vahI mAdhurya hai aura vaha zRGgAra rasa meM hotA hai'ahlAdakatvaM mAdhurya zRGgAre drutikAraNam / ' bharatamuni nATya zAstra 17/96 kAvyaprakAza 8/96 pR. 430 sAhityadarpaNa 8/ pR. 643 kAvya prakAza 8/68 pR. 416

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160 yaha mAdhurya guNa karUNa vipralambha zRGgAra tathA zAnta rasa meM uttarottara utkRSTatara ho jAtA hai kyoMki kramaza: atyadhika druti kA kAraNa hotA hai karUNe vipralambhe tacchAnte cAtizayAnvitam / dhvani dArzanika Ananda vardhana kI ye paMktiyA~ bhI kAvya prakAzakAra kI mAnyatA ko ho pramANita karatI hai - zRGgAre vipralambhAkhye karUNe ca prakarSavat mAdhuryamArdatAM yAti yatastatrAdhikaM mnH|' AcArya vizvanAtha ne bhI mAdhurya guNa ke kSetra kA nirUpaNa karate hue kahA hai ki yaha mAdhurya saMbhoga zRGgAra, karUNa rasa, vipralambha zRGgAra aura zAnta rasa me anugata rahA karatA hai aura iname bhI uttarottara madhura lagA karatA hai'saMbhoge karUNe vipralambhe zAnte'dhikaM krmaat|" ___ isa prakAra se yaha 'mAdhurya' sambhoga zRGgAra kI apekSA vipralambha zRGgAra meM aura vipralambha zRGgAra kI apekSA karUNa rasa meM aura karUNa rasa kI apekSA zAnta rasa me uttarottara utkRSTa lagA karatA hai kyoki sahRdaya ke hRdaya kI AtA yA dravIbhAvamayatA saMbhoga kI apekSA vipralambha meM aura vipralambha kI apekSA karUNa me aura karUNa kI apekSA zAntarasa me adhika bar3hI rahA karatI hai isa 'mAdhurya' ke abhivyaJjana ke jo nimitta hai ve ye haiM kAvya prakAza 8/pR. 417 dhvanyAloka locana TIkA 2/8 sA. da. 8/2/ pR. saM. 644

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161 (1) varNa jo ki apane-apane varga ke antya varNa se milakara zruti madhura dhvani kI sRSTi kiyA karate hai, anya varNa se asaMyukta repha aura mUrdhanya NakAra bhI isa zreNI meM Ate hai| (2) asamasta racanA (3) alpasamAsavatI racanA (4) madhura pada yojanA 'mUrdhina vargAntyavarNena yuktASTaThaDaDhAnvinA raNau laghU ca tadvyaktau varNAH kAraNatAM gatAH avRttiralpavRttirvA madhurA racanA tthaa|" dUsarA parigaNita guNa 'oja' hai| 'oja' sahRdaya hRdaya kI vaha dIpti athavA prajvalita prAyatA hai jisakA svarUpa citta kI vistRti athavA uSNatA hai| yaha oja, vIra, bIbhatsa aura raudrarasa meM uttarottara prakRSTarUpa se virAjamAna rahA karatA hai| 'ojazritasya vistArarUpaM diipttvmucyte| vIrabIbhatsaraudreSu krameNAdhikyamasya tu||2 kAvya prakAzakAra mammaTa ke anusAra oja 'dIptikaraNa' hai dIptirUpa nahIM, jaisA kI isa paMkti se spaSTa hai: 'dIptyA'tmavistRterheturojo vIrarasasthitiH" sA. da. 8/3 pR. 645 sA. da. 8/4 pR. 4 kA. pra.8/69

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arthAta jise 'oja' kahate hai sahRdayahRdaya kI vaha dIpti athavA prajvallita prAyatA hai jisakA svarUpa citta kI vistRti athavA uSNatA hai| yaha vIra, bIbhatsa aura raudrarasa meM uttarottara prakRSTarUpa se virAjamAna rahA karatA hai| bIbhatsaraudrarasa meM oja kI adhikatA hotI hai aisI mAnyatA AcArya mammaTa kI hai| ' ' ke abhivyaJjaka sAdhana nimna hai guNa vargasyAkratRtIyAbhyAM yuktau varNau dantimau / / ' uparyadho dvayorvA sarepho TaThaDaDhaiH saha / zakArazca pakArazca tasya vyaJjakatAM gatA / / tathA samAso bahulo ghaTanauddhatyazAlinI / arthAta varNa-jaise ki ka varga Adi vargoM ke prathama (ka, ca, Ta, ta, pa) aura tRtIya (ga, ja, Da, da, ba) varNoM kA unake apane-apane atyanta varNoM (varga ke prathama varNoM ke antya varNa kha, cha, Tha, tha, pha vargoM ke tRtIya varNoM ke antya varNa (dha, jha, Dha, dha, bha) se saMyoga (jaise kI puccha baddha Adi me) nIce Upara athavA donoM ora se, kisI varNa ke sAtha saMyukta repha (jaise vaktra, nirhAda Adi me) saMyukta athavA saMyukta Ta, Tha, Da aura Dha tAlavya zakAra aura mUrdhanya SakAra (2) dIrghasamAsavatI racanA ( 2 ) auddhatyapUrNa pdyojnaa| 1 oja guNa kA tIsarA prakAra 'prasAda guNa' hai| prasAda guNa sahRdaya hRdaya kI eka aisI nirmalatA hai jo ki citta meM usI bhA~ti vyApta ho jAtI hai jisa 3 162 - 2 sA. da. 8/5 sA. da. 8/6 bIbhatsaraudrarasayostasyAdhikyaM krameNa ca (kAvya prakAza 8/69 )

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163 bhaoNti sUkhI lakar3I meM aag| yaha 'prasAda' sabhI rasoM kA dharma athavA svarUpavizeSa hai aura isakI avasthiti sabhI racanAoM kI vizeSatA huA karatI hai 'cittaM vyApnoti yA kSiptaM shusskendhnmivaanlH|| sa prasAdaH samasteSu raseSu racanAsu c|" kAvyaprakAzakAra ne 'prasAda guNa' kA yaha svarUpa viveka kiyA hai - zuSkendhanAgnivat svacchajalavatsahasaiva yH| vyApnotyanyatprasAdo'sau sarvatra vihitsthitiH|' arthAt jisa prakAra sUkhe indhana me agni tathA svaccha meM jala sahasA vyApta ho jAtA hai, isI prakAra jo guNa sahasA hI anya arthAt citta meM vyApta hotA hai, vaha prasAda muNa hai, vaha sarvatra vidyamAna rahatA hai| __ prasAda ke abhivyaJjaka sAdhana ve zabda haiM, jinake artha unake zravaNa mAtra se hI jhalaka uThate hai| isa prakAra sAhityadarpaNakAra kAvyaprakAzakAra evaM AcArya Anandavardhana ne mAdhurya, oja, prasAda tIna kAvya guNoM kI mAnyatA pradAna kI hai| ataH vibhinna AcAryoM ke vicAroM para dRSTi DAlane ke pazcAt kAvya guNa ke tIna prakAroM ko hI mAnyatA pradAna kI jA sakatI hai| AcArya merUtuGga kRti meM vibhinna guNoM meM abhivyakti kisa prakAra huI hai, isa para samprati dRSTi kSepa kiyA jA rahA hai - "kazcitkAntAmaviSayasukhAnIcchuratyanta dhImAnenovRttiM tribhuvanagurUra' svairmujjhaanyckaar| sA. da. i. 5,6 kAvya prakAza 8/70

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164 dAnaM datvAsuratarivAtyucca dhAmArurukSuH puNyaM pRthvIdharavaramatho raivataM svIcakAraH / / " arthAta tInoM loko ke upadezaka tathA atyanta buddhimAn kisI ne cidAnanda ko pAne kI icchA se sabhI pApa vyApAroM kI mUla kAraNa kAntA (rAjImatI) ko tyAga diyaa| tadantara suratarU ke sadRza (sammapati) kA vitaraNa karake acyucca pada para ArohaNa ke icchuka banakara parvatazreSTha pavitra raivataka ko svIkAra kiyaa| yahA~ para zrI nemi na kahakara unheM 'tribhuvana' guru zabda se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| vyaMgArtha "tribhuvanaguru' zabda se vyaJjanA vyApAra dvArA zrI nemi artha digdarzita hotA hai| prathama sarga ke dvitIya zloka meM bhI mAdhurya guNa kI abhivyaJjanA kI gaI hai - dIkSAM tasminniva navaguNAM saiSaNAM cApayaSTi prdyumnaadhaambhiiripucmuumaattvtyekviire| tadbhakteticchalitajagatA klizyamAnA nikAmaM kAmenAzu priyavirahitA bhojakanyA mumuurch|| isakA sAmAnya arthaH- una advitIya vIra zrI nemi ke dvArA apanI usa zatrusenA (kAma jisameM pramukha hai) jisameM kAmadeva Adi baliSTha vIra hai, kI ora navIna pratyaJcA tathA bANa se yukta dhanuSa ke grahaNa karane ke samAna zIlAdi nava guNoM evaM ahArAdi zuddhi se samanvita dIkSA grahaNa karane para samasta saMsAra ko chalane vAlI kAma rUpI (zrInemi ke) pramukha zatru yaha jainameghadUtam 1/1

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165 jAnakara ki hamAre zatru zrI nemi ke bhakta hai, atyanta pIr3ita kI jAtI huI, priya virahitA bhojakanyA rAjImatI mUrcchita ho gyii| mAdhurya gaNu ke kAraNa vyaMgyArtha kucha isa prakAra hai- moha Adi mahAzatruo ko parAsta karane meM zrI nemi ne kAma jisameM pramukha hai aisI viSaya samUha zatru senA ke prati jaba zIla kSamA Adi navIna guNo vAlI tathA eSaNA samiti se yukta dIkSA ko grahaNa kiyA taba unakA upakAra na kara sakane vAle, chala yuddha me kuzala kAmadeva dvArA aisA jAnakara ki yaha rAjImatI nemi bhakta bhI hai tathA asahAya bhI hai, isalie atyanta pIr3ita kI jAtI huI bhojakanyA rAjImatI mUrcchita ho gyii| kavi ne zRGgArika prasaMgo ke varNana meM mAdhurya guNa kA prayoga kiyA hai| kAvya meM mAdhurya lAne kA pUrA prayAsa kiyA hai| parantu kucha apracalita aura gUr3ha zabdo ke prayoga se kAvya durUha bana gayA hai jise samajhane ke lie sAmAnyajana to kyA sahRdaya rasika bhI koSa palaTane ke hetu majabUra ho jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha jainameghadUtam ke eka zloka me isIprakAra ke apracalita kliSTa zabdo kA nidarzana milatA hai - kAciccaJcatparimalamilallolarolambamAlAM mAlAM bAlArUNakizalayaiH sarvasUnaizca klaptAm / neme kaNThe nyadhita sa tathA cAdribhiccApayaSTyA reje snigdhacchavizititanuH prAvRSeNyo yathA tvam / / ' arthAta kisI patnI ne sabhI prakAra ke phUloM evaM naye, lAla patte se guMthI jisa para bhauroM kA samUha maDarA rahA ho aisI mAlA ko zrI nemi ke gale jainameghadUtam 2/19

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166 meM pahanA dii| usa mAlA se yukta ve usI prakAra zobhita hue jisa prakAra varSARtu me sundara kRSNa varNa tuma (megha) indradhanuSa se zobhita hote ho| uparyukta zlokoM ke pado me kliSTatA digdarzita hai| eka anya sthala para kavi ne pado me madhuratA lAne ke lie ramaNIya bhAvo kI abhivyaJjanA kI hai - zrI khaNDasya dravanavalavairnarmakarmANi bindu bindunyAsaM vapuSi vimale patravallI lilekh| pauSpApIDaM vyadhi ca parA vAsare tAratArA sAraM garbhasthitazazadharaM vyoma sNdrshyntii||' arthAta eka anya patnI narma karma kI paNDitA thI candana rasa ke nayenaye lavo meM zrI nemi ke sundara zarIra para binduvinyAsa pUrvaka patravallI kI racanA kii| phira unake sira para phUlo ke mukUTa ko rakhakara dina meM hI candra evaM tArAoM se yukta AkAza ko dikhalAne lgii| ____ arthAta zrI nemi kA zarIra zyAma varNa hone se AkAza tulya thA patravallI tArAoM ke sadRza thI tathA phUloM kA mukuTa candramA kI taraha lagatA thaa| prastuta zloka meM kavi ne madhuratA evaM sarasatA lAne kA pUrNataH prayAsa kiyA hai| kavi ne isaprakAra ke zRGgArika prasaMgoM ko mAdhurya guNa ye vibhUSita kiyA hai| kAvya meM vipralambha zRGgAra mAdhurya guNa ke kAraNa madhuratama kI parAkaSThA para pahu~ca gayA hai| jaise sakhiyoM dvArA samajhAye jAne para ki tuma dUsare rAjakumAra ke sAtha vivAha kara lenA, isa prakAra kI bAtoM ko sunakara jainameghadUtam 2/20

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167 rAjImatI kI antaH karaNa kI salilA kagAro ko tor3akara baha jAtI hai aura vaha yoginI ke rUpa meM jIvana vyatIta kara DAlane kI pratijJA kara letI hai| kva grAvANaH kva kanakanagaH kvAkSakAH kvAbharadruH kAcAMzAH kva kva divijamaNiH kvoDupaH kva dhuratnam / kvAnye bhUpAH kva bhuvanagurustasya tadyoginIva dhyAnAnneSye samayamiti tAH pratyatha prtyjaani||' arthAta he megh| kahA~ patthara aura kahA~ svarNa zikhara? kahA~ baher3A aura kahA~ kalpavRkSa? kahA~ kAMca ke Tukar3e aura kahA~ cintAmaNi, kahA~ tAre aura kahA~ bhagavAn sUrya? kahA~ anya rAjakumAra aura kahA~ tribhuvanaguru zrI nemi prabhu? ataH maine sakhiyo ke samakSa hI yaha pratijJA kara lI ki maiM yoginI kI taraha una bhagavAna zrI nemi ke dhyAna meM hI apanA sArA jIvana vyatIta kara luuNgii| AcArya merUtuGga ne rAjImatI ke antaH bhAvoM kI vyakta karane ke lie - viziSTa zabdo kA Azraya liyA hai tathA use mAdhurya guNa se vibhUSita kiyA hai| isase unake racanA kauzala meM aura bhI nikhAra A gayA hai| kavi ne ojaguNa kA prayoga karake apanI pravINatA kA paricaya diyA hai| eka sthala para AcArya ne oja guNa kA utkRSTa rUpa dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| eka bAra zrI nemi zrI kRSNa ke zastrAgAra meM praviSTa hote haiN| vahA~ pAJcajanya zaMkha ko dekhakara bajA dete hai| zaMkha bajate hI pralayakArI sthiti A jAtI hai isakA kavi ne bahuta ojapUrNa DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai: tasminnIze dhamati .......... hastikaM ca' jainameghadUtam 3/54 jainameghadUtam 1/36

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168 arthAta zrI nemi prabhu zaMkha bajAte hI zastrAdhyakSa, jar3a se kaTe hue vRkSa kI bhA~ti, saMjJAzUnya hokara, tatkAla pRthvI para gira par3e azvazAlA chor3akara bhAgate hue ghor3o ne apanI gati se mana ko bhI parAjita kara diyA, hAthiyoM ne bhI gajazAlA kA usI prakAra tyAga kara diyA jisa prakAra mUrkha vidvAn kA Azraya chor3a detA hai arthAt bhayavaza vidvAnoM kI sabhA se calA jAtA hai| nagara kI striyo ne vakSasthala para dhArita hAra kI taraha mukha me hA-hA zabda dhAraNa kiyA arthAt ve hAhAkAra karane lagI phAlguna mAsa me (girate hue) vRkSo ke pattoM kI taraha sainikoM ke hAtha se astra girane lge| parvata kI coTiyo kI taraha mahaloM ke zikhara Dhahane lage zaMkha kI dhvani se ativyAkula hokara raivataka bhI pratidhvani ke bahAne nAda karane lagA arthAt zaMkha kI pratidhvani usa parvata se Ane lgii| zaMkha kI gambhIra dhvani se Darakara 'aba jo hone vAlA hai vahI hogA' isa bhayAkrAnta lajjA ke kAraNa hI vIra loga rAjasabhA me ThiThake raha gaye 'yaha kyA ho gayA' isa prakAra cakita hokara zrI kRSNa vyAkula ho utthe| zrInemi tathA zrIkRSNa ke bIca bhujabala kI parIkSA ko AcArya ne ojapUrNa DhaMga se prastuta kiyA haiM zrIkRSNa tathA zrI nemi ke bhujabala ko dekhane ke lie manuSya aura devagaNa pRthivI aura AkAza maNDala meM zIghra ekatra ho gye| sabhI ke rakSaka zrI nemi ke vAma hasta se sparza karate hI zrI kRSNa kI atyanta sudRr3ha kI huI bhujalatA kandhe taka svayaM jhuka gyii| haste savye spRzati kimapi svAmino'nekayasya, nyastAskandhaM haribhujalatA sA svayaM stbdhitaapi|' jainameghadUtam 1/36 jainameghadUtam 1/38 jainameghadUtam 1/44

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169 zrIkRSNa ne apanI bhujA kA jhuka jAnA eka daiva yogamAnA zrI nemi ne inake bhAvo ko jAnakara vajra ko bhI tRNa banA dene vAle apane vAma hasta ko zrIkRSNa kI ora bar3hA diyaa| atyAdhika prayAsa ke pazcAt zrIkRSNa zrInemi kI bhujA ko jhukA nahI pAye adreH zAkhA marudiva manAkcAlayitvA salIlaM svAmI bAhAM harimiva hariM dolayAmAsa viSvak / tulyaigoMtrAjjayajayaravodghoSapUrvaM ca muktAH siddhasvArthaM divi sumanasastaM tRSevAbhyapaptan / ' arthAt jisa prakAra vAyu vRkSa kI zAkhA ko hilAkara usa para baiThe hue bandara ko bhI kampita kara detA hai, usI prakAra zrI nemi prabhu ne krIDA-pUrvaka apanI bAhu ko thor3A sA hilAkara zrI kRSNa ko jhakajhera diyaa| usa samaya AkAza meM jayakAra pUrvaka devatAo dvArA prakSipta puSpa zrInemi ke pAsa usIprakAra A gire jaise apane gotra se niSkAsita manuSya svArthasiddhi hetu AzrayadAtA kI zaraNa me, jayakAra karate hue jAtA hai| isa prakAra jainameghadUtam meM mAdhurya guNa sarvatra vidyamAna hai| oja guNa kA prayoga atyalpa huA hai| ina donoM guNoM se kAvya jIvanta ho uThA hai| mAdhurya guNa kA vipralambha zRGgAra aura zAnta rasa meM prayoga kara kavi ne kAvya ko atyadhika ramaNIya banA diyA hai| mAdhurya ojaguNa kI apekSA prasAda guNa kI upasthiti prAyaH nagaNya hI hai kintu kahIM kahIM unakI jhalaka dikhalAI detI hai jaise - "ucaizcakruH pratidizamavispandamAkandanAga skandhArUDhA kalakalaravAn kokilAH kAntakaNThAH / jainameghadUtam 1 / 48 1

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170 saMnayantaM tribhuvanajaye kAmarAjaM jigISUn nagnapraSThA iva yatibhaTAn dhiirmaahvaanyntH||' arthAt nizcala AmravRkSa kI DAliyoM para baiThe madhura kaNTha vAle koTi kokila pakSI sabhI dizAo me ucca svara se dhvanita kara rahe the, jaise tInoM loka ke vijaya ke lie taiyAra kAmadeva ko jItane kI icdA vAle yatisamUha rUpI yoddhAoM ko yuddha meM dandubhi bajAne vAle kAmadeva ke zreSTha cAraNa yuddha ke lie lalakAra rahe ho- ki aba kAmadeva A rahe haiM yuddha ke lie taiyAra ho jaao| eka anya sthala para bhI prasAda guNa kI jhalaka dRSTigata hotI hai:nIlenIle zitilapanayan varSayatyazruvarSan garjatyasmin paTu kaTu raTan vidyytyaussnnymiryn| varSAsvevaM prabhavati zuce vipralabdho'mbuvAhe vAmAvargaH prakRtikuhanaH spardhate'nena yuktam / / arthAta varSAkAla me svabhAva se IrSyAlu virahiNI striyA~ apane zoka ko utpanna karane vAle megha se jo IrSyA karatI hai, vaha ThIka hI hai| (kyoMki) megha ke nIlatulya zyAmavarNa vAlA hone para ve (virahiNI striyA~) bhI mukha ko zyAma banA letI hai, jaba vaha (megha) barasatA hai taba ve (virahiNI striyA~ bhI azru barasAtI haiM, jaba vaha (megha) garajatA hai to virahiNI striyA~ cAturya pUrNa kaTu vilApa karatI hai aura jaba vaha (megha) bijalI camakAtA hai to (virahiNI striyA~) bhI uSNaniHzvAsa chor3atI hai| nimnalikhita anya sthaloM para bhI prasAda guNa kI pratIti hotI hai: jainameghadUtam 2/6 / jainameghadUtam 1/6

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171 anyA lokottara! tanumatA rAgapAzena baddho mokSaM gAse kathaMyamiti? mitaM sasmitaM bhaassmaannaa| vyaktaM raktotpalaviracitenaiva dAmnA kaTIre kAJcIvyAjAtprakRtirivaM taM cetanezaM bbndh||' dhanyA manye jaladhara! harereva bhAryA sa yAbhidRSTo dRgbhiH parijanamanazchandavRtyApi kheln| kasmAjjajJe punariyamahaM mandabhAgyA stricelI yA tasyaivaM smaraNamapi hA! mUrchanAptyA lven||| uparyukta sabhI zlokoM ko par3hane ke yA sunane mAtra se hI artha sahasA hI citta meM vyApta ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra sampUrNa kAvya ko kavi ne tIna guNoM se vibhUSita kiyA hai| inameM sarvAdhika prayoga mAdhurya guNa kA huA hai| oja guNa kA prayoga prathama sarga ke kucha hI zlokoM meM milatA hai, parantu atyalpa hote hue bhI ojaguNa ke prayoga se kAvya me sajIvatA A gaI hai| yadyapi AcArya merutuGga kI kliSTa bhASA hai, phira bhI kahIM-kahIM bhASA ke pravAha meM saralatA kI jhalaka spaSTa dikhalAI detI hai| ina-ina sthaloM para prasAda guNa ne apanA sthAna banA liyA hai| kavi ne tInoM guNoM kA prayoga atyanta kuzalatA se kI hai| rItiyA~ AcArya merutuGga kRta kAvya meM prayukta rItiyoM ke pUrva rIti para zAstrIya vivecana prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai jainameghadUtam 2/21 jainameghadUtam 2/24

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172 kAvya me rIti tattva kyA hai? isakA vicAra vimarza kiyA jA rahA hai| sAhityadarpaNakAra ne 'rIti' kI paribhASA jo nirUpita kI hai vaha isa prakAra hai - rIti aGga racanA kI bhA~ti pada racanA athavA pada saMghaTanA hai jo ki rasabhAvAdi kI abhivyaJjanA me sahAyaka huA karatI hai? 'pada saghaTanA rItiH raGga saMsthAvizeSavatA upakI rsaadiinaam|' __sAhityadarpaNakAra ke anusAra rIti aura saMghaTanA eka hI vastu hai| rIti athavA 'saMghaTanA' rasa abhivyakti kI nimittabhUtA hai aura isIlie sAhityadarpaNakAra ne use rasabhAvAdi kA upakI mAnA hai| kAvyaprakAzakAra ne rIti tattva para koI vizeSa prakAza nahIM DAlA kyo ki prAcIna dhvanivAdI AcAryo kI dRSTi meM 'vRtti' aura 'rIti' kA rahasya varNasaMghaTanA vaiziSTa ke atirikta aura kucha nahIM thaa| dhvanikAra kA spaSTa kathana hai - ___varNasaMghaTanA dharmAzca mAdhuryAdayaste'pi pratIyante tadanatirikta vRtyo vRttayo'pi yAH kaizcidupanAgarikAdyAH prakAzitAH, tA api gatAH zravaNogocaram rItiyazca vaidarbhI prbhRtyH| rIti cAra prakAra kI hai - vaidarbhI, gauDI, pAJcAlI aura laattii|' rIticatuSTaya meM vaidarbhI aura gauDI kI mAnyatA meM bhAmaha aura daNDI kI yaha ukti pramANa hai - iti mArgadvayaM bhinnaM ttsvruupniruupnnaat| tabhedAstu na zakyante vaktuM prtikvisthitaaH| ikSakSIra guDAdInAM mAdhuryasyAntaraM mahat / sAhityadarpaNa 1/1, sAhityadarpaNa navama pariccheda pR0saM0 658 sAhityadarpaNa pR0 658 1/1

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173 tathApi na tadAkhyAtu sarasvatyApi paaryte|' rIti catuSTaya kI mAnyatA me sAhityadarpaNakAra kA abhiprAya vastutaH yahI hai ki 'jaba kAvya rasAtmaka vAkya hai to rIti isakI eka vizeSatA avazya hai| bhAvaprakAzakAra kI kAvya samIkSA ko paryApta rUpa se prabhAvita kiyA hai, rIti catuSTaya kA yaha saMketa dhyAna dene yogya hai - prativacanaM pratipuruSaM tadavAntarajAtitaH prtipriiti| AnantyAt saMkSiSya proktA kavibhizcaturdheva ta evAkSaraM vinyAsAstA evAkSarapaktayaH puMsi puMsi vizeSeNa kApi kApi srsvtii| rIti catuSTaya me vaidarbhI vaha rIti hai jise mAdhurya abhivyaJjaka vargoM se pUrNa asamasta athavA svalpa samAsayukta lalita racanA kahA gayA hai "mAdhurya vyaJjakairvarNaM racanA llitaatmikaa| AvRttiralpA vRttirvA vaidarbhI riitirissyte|' vaidarbhI ke sambandha me mahAkavi zrIharSa kI yaha sUkti bar3I sundara haidhanyasi vaidarbhI gurNarUdauraryayA samAkRSyat naissdho'pi| iti stutiH kA khalu candrikAyA yadapdhimapyuttaraM sviikroti|' vaidarbhI ke sambandha me (kAvyAlaMkAra ke racayitA) AcArya rUdraTa kA yaha mata hai - asamastaikamAsayuktA dazabhirguNaizca vaidrbhii| kAvyadarza 1-101-102 bhAvaprakAza pRSTha 11, 12 sAhityadarpaNa pR0 660, pariccheda 9 naiSadhIyacarita 3, 116

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174 vargadvitIya bahulA svalpaprANAkSarA ca suvidheyaa| arthAta vaidarbhI rIti athavA lalita pada racanA isa prakAra kI huA karatI hai jisame samasta padAvalI kA prayoga nahIM huA krtaa| jahA~ ekAdha pada samasta ho jAya to koI hAni nhiiN| jisameM zleSAdi daso zabda guNa virAjamAna rahA karate hai, jisameM dvitIya varga arthAta ca varga ke vargoM kA bAhulya sundara lagA karatA hai aura jisameM aise varNa rahA karate haiM jo ki svalpa prayatna se uccarita ho sakate hai| AcArya bhAmaha ke anusAra zleSa, samatA, prasAda, madhuratA, sukumAratA, arthavyakti, udAratA, kAnti, oja, samAdhi ina dasa guNoM kA vaidarbhI rIti me honA Avazyaka hai zleSaH prasAdaH samatA mAdhuryaM sukumAratA arthavyaktirudAratvamojaH kaantismaadhyH| iti vaidarbhamArgasya prANA daza guNAH smRtA eSAM viparyayaH prAyo dRzyate gauddvrmiini|' gauDI vaha rIti hai jise ojaguNa ke abhivyaJjaka varNo se pUrNa, samAsa- pracura udbhaTa racanA kahA gayA hai| ojaH prakAzakairvarNabandha ADambaraH punH||3|| samAsa bahulA gauDI'- rItivAda ke pravartaka AcArya vAmana ke anusAra gauDI rIti kA svarUpa yaha hai - 'samastApyudbhaTapadAmojA kAnti guNAnvitAm / kAvyAdarza 1/41/42 sAhityadarpaNa 9/3

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176 'samasta paJcaSapadAmojaH kaantismnvitaam| madhurAM sukumArAM ca pAJcAlI kavayo viduH||" lATI vaha rIti hai jisameM vaidarbhI aura pAJcAlI dono rItiyoM kI vizeSatAeM virAjamAna rahA karatI hai| lATI tu rItivaidarbhI pAJcAlyorantara sthit|' AcArya rUdraTa ke anusAra gauDI pAJcAlI lATI kA svarUpa viveka vaha pAJcAlI lATIyA gauDIyA ceti nAmato'bhihitA laghumadhyAyataviracanA smaasbhedaadimaasttr|| dvitripadA pAJcAlI lATIyA paJca saptavA yAvat zabdAH samAsavanto bhavati yathAzakti gauddiiyaa||' kisI kAvyAcArya ke mata meM lATI kA svarUpa yaha hai lATI rIti aisI - huA karatI hai jisameM saMyukta varNo kA prayoga svalpamAtra meM hI huA karatA hai aura jisame prakRtopayukta se ramaNIya varNya vastu kI eka apanI hI chaTA chiTakA karatI hai| katipaya kAvyAcAryoM ne rIti catuSTaya kA yaha sakSipta svarUpa batAyA __ vaidarbhI rIti kA abhiprAya 'madhurabandha,' gauDI kA abhiprAya mizrabandha aura 'lATI rIti' kA abhiprAya 'mRdubandha' hai| sAhityadarpaNa pR0 saM0 661, 9 pariccheda sAhityadaparNa 9/ pR0 saM0 661 kAvyalaMkAra 2/4/5

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177 jainameghadUtam aura rItiyA~ jainameghadUtam meM vaidarbhI gauDI, pAJcAlI tathA lATI rItiyo me se kavi ne mukhyataH gauDI rIti kA hI prayoga kiyA hai| pAJcAlI rIti kA bhI darzana kaI sthalo para hotA hai| zrI nemi dvArA zaMkha bajAne ke prabhAva kA varNana kavi ne atyanta ojapUrNatA se vyakta kiyA hai jisameM gauDIrIti kA prayoga huA hai "tasminnIze dhamati jalajaM chinnamUladruvatte zastrAdhyakSAH sapadi vigalaccetanA peturukm AzvaM cAzu vyajayata mano mandurAbhyaH praNazyanmUDhAtmevAmucata caturopAzrayaM hAstikaM c||" zrInemi prabhu ne zaMkha bajAte hI zastrAdhyakSa, jar3a se kaTe hue vRkSa kI bhA~ti, saMjJAzUnya hokara, tatkAla pRthvI para gira pdd'e| azvazAlA chor3akara bhAgate hue ghodd'o| ne apanI gati se mana ko bhI parAjita kara diyA hAthiyo ne bhI gajazAlA kA usIprakAra tyAga kara diyA, jisaprakAra mUrkha vidvAna kA Azraya chor3a detA hai arthAt bhayavaza vidvAno kI sabhA se calA jAtA hai| AcArya ne nimnalikhita zloka meM oja rIti kA sundara nidarzana prastuta kiyA hai 'hArAvAptIradadhata hRdIvAnane pauranAryo yodbhurgucchacchadavadapatan phAlgune'strANi paanneH| prAkArAgrayANyapi vijagalurgaNDazailA ivAneH pUccakre ca prtirutnibhaadbhribhiirujjyntH||" jainameghadUtam 1/36.

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arthAt nagara kI striyoM ne vakSasthala para dhArita hAra kI taraha mukha me hA hA zabda dhAraNa kiyA arthAt ve hAhAkAra karane lgii| phAlguna mAsa me vRkSo kI pattoM kI taraha sainikoM ke hAthoM se astra girane lge| parvata kI coTiyo kI taraha mahaloM ke zikhara Dhahane lage, zaMkha kI dhvani se ati vyAkula hokara raivataka bhI prati dhvani ke bahAne nAda karane lagA arthAt zaMkha kI pratidhvani usa parvata se Ane lagI / 178 uparyukta zloka meM kavi ne gauDI rIti kA prayoga kiyA hai kyoki isame samAsa bAhulya hai tathA dha, cha, Da, bha jaise mahAprANa varNoM kA prayoga hai| 'yoddhurgucchacchadavadapatan ' pada me anuprAsa vaizibdha bhI hai| isa prakAra ojarIti kA yaha sundara udAharaNa hai| yadyapi sAhityadarpaNakAra ke anusAra kAvya meM pAJcAlI rIti kA kahI darzana nahIM hotA, parantu jaisA ki bhojarAja ne pAJcAlI rIti kI paribhASA dI hai ki pAJcAlI rIti vaha rIti hai jisameM pA~ca yA chaH padoM se adhika pada vAle samAsa nahI prayukta kiye jAyA karate, jisameM oja aura kAnti ke guNa virAjamAna rahA karate hai aura jo ki mAdhurya ke abhivyaJjaka kiM vA komala varNoM se pUrNa pada racanA huA karatI hai| isa paribhASAnusAra jainameghadUtam meM kaI sthalo para pAJcAlI rIti kA digdarzana hotA hai| jaise nimna zloka meM pAJcAlI rIti kA prayoga digdarzita hotA hai - " taptAzmeva sphuTati hi hirukapreyaso hRnmamaitatatkAruNyArNavamupatadaM preSayAmyabdametam / mandaM mandaM svayamapi yathA sAntvayatyeSa kAntaM jainamUghadUtam 1 / 1

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matsandezairdavamiva davapluSTamutsRSTatoyaiH / / ' arthAt yaha merA hRdaya sphuTa rUpa se priya ke binA tapta pASANa kI bhA~ti vidIrNa ho rahA hai, isa kAraNa maiM sAmane dRzyamAna karuNA ke sAgara megha ko apane preyasa ke samIpa bhejatI huuN| jisa prakAra yaha megha apane mukta jala se dAvAnala se dagdha vana ko dhIre zAnta karatA hai, usI prakAra yaha mere svAmI ke hRdaya ko bhI manda-manda gati se svayaM hI mere sandeza ke dvArA sAttvanA degaa| ' z r uparyukta zloka ke mAdhurya ke abhivyaJjaka komala varNoM se pUrNapada racanA hai jaise mandaM mandaM aadi| sAtha hI oja aura kAnti ke guNa bhI virAjamAna haiM ataH bhojarAja kI paribhASA ke anusAra uparyukta zloka meM pAJcAlI rIti kA prayoga svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1 kAvya ke dvitIya sarga meM bhI pAJcAlI rIti kA nidarzana milatA hai jisame mAdhurya guNa ke abhivyaJjaka kiM vA komala varNoM se pUrNa pada racanA prastuta kI gaI hai pUraM pUraM surabhisalilaiH svarNazRGgANi raGgAt / sAraGgAkSyaH smitakRtamamuM sarvato'pyabhyaSiJcan / 2 179 dhArA dhArAdhara / saralagAstAzca vArAmapArAH smArAdo'GgaprasRmarazarAsArasArA virejuH / / " " arthAt sAraGgAkSI una ramaNiyoM ne apanI apanI svarNima picakAriyo ko surabhita jaloM ke raMgo se bhara kara muskurAte hue una bhagavAna zrInemi ko sarAbora kara diyaa| he megha / sIdhe jAtI huI jala kI ve apAra dhArAeM bhagavAna zrI nemi ke aGgoM kI ora calAye gaye kAma ke vANoM kI vRSTi sI zobhita ho rahI thii| jainameghadUtam 1 / 8 jainameghadUtam 2/45

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180 (ga) alaMkAra kAvya kI nirmiti zabda aura artha ke saMyojana se ghaTita hotI hai| alaMkAra kAvya dharma hote hai, ataH sAmAnya vyakti kI vANI meM inakI upasthiti dRSTigata hotI hai| phira atirikta saMvedanazIla aura pratibhAsampanna kaviyo kI bhASA meM unakI chaTA vizeSa saundaryamayI ho uThe yaha svabhAvika hI hai| kAvyazAstra ke vibhinna AcAryoM ne kAvya me zobhAdhAyaka tapva alaMkAra kA lakSaNa dete hue unakI paribhASAeM prastuta kI hai jinameM se katipaya mukhya paribhASAoM kA ullekha yahA~ kiyA jA rahA hai AcArya mammaTa ne alaMkAra kI paribhASA prastuta karate hue kahA haiupakurvatti taM santaM ye'GgadvAreNa jaatucit| haaraadivdlngkaaraaste'nupraasopmaady:|' arthAt jo (dharma) aGga arthAt aGgabhUta zabda aura artha ke dvArA (usameM utkarSa utpanna kara) vidyamAna hone vAle usa (aGga) rasa kA hAra ityAdi ke samAna kabhI niyama se kahIM upakAra karate haiN| ve anuprAsa tathA upamA Adi alaGkAra kahalAte haiN| AcArya vizvanAtha ke anusAra alaMkAra zabda aura artha ke una asthira dharmoM ko kahA karate hai jo (mAnava ke zarIra kI zobhA ke bar3hAne vAle) aGgada (bAjUbanda)Adi alaMkAra (kAvya ke zarIrabhUta) zabda aura artha kI zobhA baDhAyA karate haiM aura (antatogatvA) kAvya ke AtmabhUta rasa aura bhAva ke abhivyaJjana meM sahAyaka huA karate haiM, "zabdArthayorasthirA ye dharmA kAvyaprakAza 8/67

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181 zobhAtizAyinaH rasAdInupakurvanto'laGkArAste'GgadAdivat'' agnipurANa meM alaMkAra ko kAvya kA anivArya dharma batAyA hai- kAvya zobhAkarAn dharmAn alaMkAra prcksste| kAvya meM alaMkAra kI upayogitA kAvya ke vAcya vAcaka rUpa aGgI ko zobhAvardhakatA ke hI kAraNa hai jaisA ki locanakAra ne spaSTa kahA haivAcyavAcakalakSaNAnyaGgAni ye punaH tadAzritAste'laGkArAH mantavyAH kaTakAdivat / ' alaMkAra kA AdhAra zabda aura artha hote hai| isa pravRtti ke bIja bhAmaha me khoje jA sakate haiN| kAvyAlaGkAra meM zabdArthoM ko kAvya kA lakSaNa diyA gayA hai, ataH kAvya sambandhI samasta vizeSatAoM kA adhyayana zabda evaM artha ke zIrSakoM meM karanA svAbhAvika hai| isI hetu alaMkAra tIna prakAra ke hote hai zabdAlaGkAra, arthAlaGkAra aura ubhyaalngkaar| jo zabdapara Azrita hai; zabda kA parivartana ho jAne para arthAt kisI zabda kA paryAyavAcI zabda rakha dene para jahA~ alaMkAra nahIM rahatA (zabdaparivRttyasahatva zabda ke parivartana ko na sahanA) ve zabdAlaGkAra hai| kintu jo artha para Azrita haiM, jahA~ kisI zabda kA paryAyavAcI zabda rakha dene para jahA~ alaMkAra rahatA hai / (zabdaparivRttisahatva) zabda ke parivartana ko sahanA) ve arthAlaGkAra kahalAte haiN| jo alaMkAra zabda aura artha dono para Azrita hai ve ubhayAlaGkAra hai|' AcArya merUtuGga kRta jainameghadUtam meM anuprAsa, yamaka, zleSa, punaruktavadAbhAsa, upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA, samAsokti, dRSTAnta aprastutaprazaMsA, nidarzanA, tulyogitA, vyatireka, atizayokti, anumAna, parikara Adi alaMkAroM kI chaTA darzanIya hai| isa prakAra kavi ne zabdAlaMkAra, arthAlaGkAra evaM ubhayAlaGkAra tInoM prakAra ke alaMkAro kA kAvya meM yathAvidhi prayoga kiyA sAhityadarpaNa 10 dhvanyAloka locana 2.3 kAvyaprakAza navama ullAsa: pra. saM. 436-37

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182 hai| ina sabhI alaMkAroM me sarvAdhika alaMkAra ke rUpa me zleSa hI prayukta hai| ataH kavi ko zleSAlaGkAra atyadhika priya hai| zleSa alaGkAra ko lekara kAvyazAstriyoM me bahuta matabheda hai ki ise kisa varga meM rakhA jaayegaa| anta meM samAdhAna yahI bana sakA hai ki zleSa kahA~ zabdAlaGkAra hai aura kahAM arthAlaGkAra ? rudraTa ne 'zleSo'rthasyApi' likhakara zleSa ko ubhayAlaGkAra mAnA hai| parantu rUdraTa ke kathana ko kisI anyarUpa meM lekara bhoja ne ubhayAlaGkAra kA 'vivecanAya paricchedamArabhate' isa pariccheda ke antargata caubIsa ubhayAlaGkAro kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| ina caubIsa alaGkAroM me se kevala zleSa aura saMsRSTi ko chor3akara kisI bhI dUsare alaGkAra ko kisI bhI paricita AlaGkArika ne prabhayAlaGkAra nahI mAnA hai ? 1 kAvyazAstrakAra AcArya mammaTa ne zleSa kI paribhASA isa prakAra prastuta hai ki- 'vAcyabhedena bhinnA yad yugapad bhASaNaspRzaH zliSayanti zabdAH shlessaa'saavkssraadibhirssttdhaa|' arthAt artha kA bheda hone se bhinna zabda eka sAtha uccAraNa ke kAraNa jaba milakara eka ho jAte haiM to zleSa zabdAlaGkAra hotA hai|' AcArya merUtuGga ko zleSAlaGkAra sarvAdhika priya hai / zleSa alaGkAra ke prayoga se AcArya merUtuGga kI pratibhA camatkRta ho uThI hai inakA zleSa prayoga atyanta uccakoTi kA hai| kAvya ke prArambha meM hI zleSAlaGkAra kA darzana hotA kazcitkAntAmaviSayasukhAnIcchuratyantadhImAnenovRttiM tribhuvanagurUH svairamujjhAJcakAra / bhAratIya sAhityazAstra aura kAvyAlaGkAra bhAga alaGkAroM kA svarUpa vikAsa ke antargata pR. saM. 236,7 lekhaka DaoN. oma prakAza prakAzaka nezanala pabliziMga hAusa dillI 26 dariyAgaMja, dillI- 11006, prathama saMskaraNa- 1973 2 kAvyaprakAza 9/84

Page #192
yahA~ eka hI vAkya se usI pada se anya artha ke udbhava ke kAraNa zleSa alaGkAra hai jaise kazcit zabda meM zleSa spaSTa hotA hai| kyo ki usa pada se zrI neminAtha kA bodha ho rahA hai isI prakAra prathama sarga ke dvitIya zloka me bhI zleSAlaGkAra kI spaSTa jhalaka AtI hai - dIkSAM tasminniva nava guNAM saiSaNAM cApayaSTiM / pradyumnAdyAmabhiripucamU mAttavatyekavIre / tabhakteticchalitajagatA klizyamAnA nikAmaM dAnaM datvA suratarurivAtyuccadhAmArurukSaH / puNyaM pRthvIdharavaramatho raivataM svIcakAra / / ' kAmenAzu priyavirahitA bhojakanyA mumUrccha / / ' yahAeN tasmin eka vIre zrI nemi ke lie prayukta kiyA gayA hai 'priyavirahitA bhojakanyA' se rAjImatI kA bodha hotA hai ataH yahA~ bhI zleSAlaGkAra hai| AcArya ne anya kaI sthaloM para zleSa alaMkAra ko bahulatA se prayoga kiyA hai|' sarvAdhika zleSa ke prayoga se kAvya durUha bana gayA hai ataH kucha subodhatA lAne hetu kavi ne anya alaMkAroM kA Azraya liyA hai| kavi ne upamA alaMkAra kA prabhUta prayoga kiyA hai| inakI upamAeM kucha navIna pratIta hotI haiN| inhoMne kavi sampradAya meM sAdhAraNatayA pracalita upamAnoM kA upayoga na karake paurANika dArzanika vyAvahArika AdhyAtmika navIna upamAnoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| ' jainameghadUtam 1 / 1 jainameghadUtam 1 / 2 jainameghadUtam 1 / 7, 11, 14, 20, 21, 32, 37, 39, 42, 43, 48, 2/1, 2, 4, 10, 18, 27, 29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 37, 40, 43, 3/4, 6, 12, 38, 39, 5 183 2 3

Page #193
nimnalikhita zloka me dArzanika upamA kA sundara nidarzana hai - anyA lokottara ! tanumatA rAgapAzena baddho mokSaM gAse kathamiti ? mitaM sasmitaM bhASamANA / vyaktaM raktotpalaviracitenaiva dAmnA kaTIre kAJcIvyAjAtprakRtiriva taM cetanezaM babandha / / ' arthAt eka dUsarI kRSNa kI patnI ne ha~sate hue saMkSepa meM yaha kahate hue ki he lokottara / tuma mUrtimAna rAgapAza se ba~dhe hone para mokSa ko kaise prApta karoge ? lAla kamalo kI mAlA ko mekhalA ke bahAne zrI nemi ke kaTi pradeza me aise bA~dha diyA jaise prakRti AtmA ko baoNdha letI hai| yahA~ kavi ne dArzanika upamAna 'prakRti AtmA ko bA~dha detI hai kA prayoga kiyA hai| eka anya sthala para AdhyAtmika upamAna kI spaSTa jhalaka pratIta hotI 184 narte'rtInAM niyatamavarAvAvarIyAM tapasyAM yasyodarkaH satatasukhakRtyamarthyaM satAM tat / dAmatkarmaprasita bhavino mocayiSye carIn vAM nemiH pratyAdizaditi hariM bhUri nirbadhayantam / / ' arthAta bAra-bAra Agraha karate hue zrIkRSNa ko zrI nemi ne yaha kahakara manA kara diyA kI he kRssnn| isa tapasyA (dIkSA) ke binA strI nizcita hI bAdhAoM ko dUra nahIM kara sktii| sajjanoM kA vahI kArya prazaMsanIya hotA hai 1 2 jainameghadUtam 2/21 jainameghadUtam 3/48

Page #194
jisakA pariNAma sadaiva sukhakArI ho mai karmapAza se ba~dhe hue samasta prANiyo ko inhI pazuo ke samAna mukta kruugaaN| yahA~ samasta prANiyo ko pazuoM ke samAna mukta karanA cAhate haiN| prastuta zloka me samasta prANiyo aura pazuoM me sArdhamya sthApita kiye jAne ke kAraNa upamA alaGkAra hai / 185 nimnalikhita zloka meM sRSTipadArthIya aura vyAvahArika upamAo kA sundara prayoga dRSTigata hotA hai - yA kSaireyImiva navarasAM nAthA vIvAhakAle sArasnehAmapi suzizirAM nAgraho pANinA'pi / sA kiM kAmAnalatapanato'tIva vASpAyamANA 'nyocchiSTA navarUcibhRtA'pyadya na svIkriyate / / ' arthAt he naath| vivAha ke samaya me navIna tathA sthira premavAlI jisa mujhako Apane madhura tathA ghRtayukta kintu zItala khIra kI taraha hAtha se bhI nahI chuA thA, kAmAgni se atyanta uSNa ho evaM vASpapUritaM evaM ananyamuktA usI mujhako navIna kAnti vAle Apa Aja kyoM nahIM svIkAra karate / 1 yahA~ vivAha ke samaya me navIna tathA sthira buddhi vAlI rAjImatI kA sAdharmya madhura tathA ghRtayukta kintu zItala khIra se (sRSTipadArthIya) se kI gaI hai ataH yahAeN upamAlaGkAra hai| rUpaka alaMkAra ke prayoga se kAvya ramaNIya ho uThA hai| vahI 4/15

Page #195
186 ___ jaisA ki kAvyazAstrAkAra ne rUpaka kA lakSaNa nirUpita karate hue kahA hai:- 'tadrUpakamabhedo ya upamAnopamayeyoH' arthAt upamAna aura upameya kA abheda rUpaka alaMkAra hai| nimnalikhita zloka rUpaka alaMkAra kA eka sundara nidarzana hai| isame rUpaka alaMkAra kA lakSaNa pUrNataH ghaTita ho rahA hai - hArAvAptIradadhata hRdIvAnane pauranAryo yodbhurgacchacchadavadapatan phAlgune'trANi paanneH| prAkArAgryANyapi vijagalurgaNDazailA ivAneH pUccakre ca pratirutanibhAd bhuuribhiirujjyntH||' arthAt nagara kI striyo ne vakSasthala para dhArita hAra kI taraha mukha me hA hA zabda dhAraNa kiyA arthAt ve hAhAkAra karane lagI phAlguna mAsa meM vRkSo ke patto kI taraha sainikoM ke hAtho se astra girane lge| parvata kI coTiyoM kI taraha mahalo ke zikhara Dhahane lage, zaMkha kI dhvani se ati vyAkula hokara raivataka bhI pratidhvani ke bahAne nAda karane lagA arthAt zaMkha kI pratidhvani usa parvata se Ane lgii| yahA~ upamAna hAra aura upameya hAhAkAra zabda upamAna phAlguna mAsa ke patte kI taraha upameya zikhara kA DhahanA Adi me upamAna upameya kA abheda varNana hai, ataH rUpaka alaMkAra hai| isI prakAra aneka sthaloM para rUpaka alaMkAra digdarzita hotA hai| kAvyaprakAza 10/93 jainameghadUtam 1/37

Page #196
187 AcArya merUtuGga ne utprekSA alaMkAra kA prabhUta prayoga kiyA hai| jainameghadUtam ke pratyeka sarga me utprekSA alaMkAra ke prayoga darzanIya hai jo atyanta uccakoTi ke haiN| nimna zloka me kitanI sundara utprekSA prastuta kI hai gaI hai - haa| trailokyaprabhunayanayoH spardhanAdenasAM nau vRtte pAtraM prarudita itIvAnutapte sazabdam / / ' anutapte prarudita iva arthAt anutapta hokara rote hue se ve kamala suzobhita hue, meM utprekSA alaGkAra spaSTa hai| isI prakAra jainameghadUtama ke cAroM sargo meM utprekSA kA prayoga milatA hai| udAtta alaMkAra ke nirUpaNa meM bhI AcArya merUtuGga ne paryApta rUci pradarzita kI hai| vastu kI samRddhi kA varNana 'udAtta alaMkAra' hai 'udAttaM' vastunaH sampat / nimnalikhita zloka udAtta alaMkAra kA sundara udAharaNa hai - 'vizvaM vizvaM sRjasi rajasaH zAntimApAdayan yA saGkocena kSapayasi tamaH stommunnihRvaanH| sa tvaM muJcannatizayanatastrAyase dhuumyone| taddevaH ko'pyabhinavatamastvaM tryiiruupdhrtaa||' yahA~ para dhUmayone arthAt megha ko akhila vizva ke sRSTikartA, andhakAra samUha kA vinAza karane vAle, vizva ko kSaya karane vAle, vizva ke pAlanakartA / vahI 3/1 uttarArdha kAvyaprakAza 10/115 jainameghadUtam 1/11

Page #197
tathA abhinava trirUpadhArI kahA gayA hai arthAt megha ko samRddha tathA zreSTha batalAyA gayA hai, ataH yahA~ udAtta alaMkAra kI spaSTa pratIti ho rahI hai| 188 alaMkAra ke nirUpaNa me AcArya merutuGga siddhahastatA hai| aneka sthalo para kavi ne eka hI sAtha kaI alaMkAroM ko eka sAtha upasthita kara apanI kAvya pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai| nimnalikhita zloka meM eka sAtha chaH alaMkAro kA prayoga bahuta nipuNatA ke sAtha kiyA hai kazcitkAntAmaviSayasukhAnIcduratyantadhImA novRttiM tribhuvana gurU: svairamujjhAJcakAra / dAnaM datvA suratarurivAtyuccadhAmArurukSuH puNyaM pRthvIdhara - varamatho raivataM svIcakAra / ' uparyukta zloka me 'kazcitkAntAM tyaktvA raivataM svIcakAra' kahA~ gayA hai ataH usake upalakSaNa ke kAraNa yahA~ avasara alaGkAra spaSTa ho rahA hai| kAntAM tyaktvA me viSayasukha kI icchA hetu hai isalie hetu alaMkAra hai| yahA~ do kriyAoM kA paraspara sambandha hai jaise zrI nemi ko tyAgakara parvatazreSTha raivataka ko svIkAra kiyA, ataH dIpaka alaMkAra hai / puNyaM pRthvIdhara varaM isa kathana se jAti alaMkAra bhI parilakSita hotA hai| eka hI vAkya se usI para se anya artha ke udbhava ke kAraNa zleSAlaGkAra hai| surataruriva meM upamA alaMkAra bhI hai| isa prakAra uparyukta zloka meM kavi ne eka hI zloka meM kaI alaMkAroM ko bahuta nipuNatA ke sAtha samAhita kiyA hai| 1 jainameghadUtam 1/1

Page #198
189 aisA hI eka zloka dekhA jA sakatA hai, jisame eka sAtha ATha alaGkAro kA AcArya ne suniyojana kucha isa DhaMga se kiyA hai jisase usa zloka kA mUlabhAva aura bAhya zilpa kiJcidapi naSTa nahIM hone pAyA hai- yathA vAtA vAdyadhvanimajanayan valgu bhRGgA agAyaM - stAlAn dadhe parabhRtagaNa: kIcakA vaMzkRtyam / vallayo lolaiH kizalayakarairlAsyalIlAM ca tenustadbhaktyeti vyaracayadiva prekSaNaM vnylkssmiiH|' yahA~ para 'vanalakSmI' Adi aprakRti se prakRti 'vAyu hI' jisameM vAdaka hai, bhuMga jisame madhura gIta gA rahe hai, Adi kI upamA dI jAne ke kAraNa nidarzanA alaGkAra; latAoM kA nartakI ke samAna nRtya karane ke kAraNa atizayokti alaGkAra; kizalaya aura kara meM abheda hone ke kAraNa rUpaka alaGkAra 'tenustadbhaktyeti' isa kriyA kA ekatva hone ke kAraNa dIpaka alaGkAra hai, zloka ke pUre bhAva me utprekSA hone se utprekSA alaGkAra; . 'vanalakSmI' isa zleSayukta vizeSaNo dvArA aprakRta kathana hone se samAsokti alaGkAra hai| isa prakAra AcArya ne eka sAtha kaI alaGkAroM kA prayoga saphalatA pUrvaka kiyA hai| AcArya merutuGga kalpanA ke utkRSTa kalAkAra haiM, inhoMne zabdAlaGkAra tathA arthAlaGkAra ke prayoga meM apanI anUThI kalpanA kI abhivyakti kiyA hai| zleSa alaGkAra kA sarvAdhika prayoga kavi ke pANDitya kA sUcaka hai| kintu kahI-kahI zleSa ke prayoga se itivRtta kI svabhAvikatA meM vyAghAta utpanna huA hai, parantu isase kAvya kI bhASA evaM svarUpa para kahIM bhI bhAva bhaMgatA yA kramabhaMgatA nahIM A pAyI hai| ' jainameghadUtam 2/14

Page #199
190 niSkarSataH AcArya merutuGga ne una sabhI alaGkAro ko apane kAvya me sthAna diyA hai jo alaGkAra sAhityazAstra ke pramukha alaGkAra hai| ina alaGkAro ke prayoga se kAvya kI sundaratA aura bhI nikhara gaI hai|

Page #200
191 (gha) chanda sampUrNa sRSTi laya me ba~dhI huI hai| pRthvI sUrya Adi sabhI graho me gati, laya hai| yaha laya sUkSma se sthUla taka hai| manuSya ke bhAvo me bhI laya hotI hai| isa laya kI abhivyakti chanda se hotI hai| ___hamAre sAhityacAryoM ne vibhinna prakAra ke zRGgAra, vIra, zAnta, hAsya, karUNa Adi raso me vibhinna prakAra ke chando kA prayoga kiyA hai| jo kuzala kavi hai vaha rasa aura paristhitiyoM ke anukula tathA bhAvo ke vAtAvaraNa kI sRSTi ke lie vibhinna prakAra ke chando kA prayoga karatA hai| ___ AcArya merUtuGga ne bhI apanI kRti meM rasa aura bhAvo ke anusAra chanda kA prayoga kiyA hai jisakA nAma hai mndaakraantaa| mandAkrAntA chanda kise kahate hai| tathA isake viSaya meM vibhinna AcAryoM ne kyA kahA hai? isa para bahuta saMkSepa me jAnanA Avazyaka hai| chandazAstra Adya grantha 'piGgalachandaH sUtram' me mandAkrAntA chanda kA lakSaNa isa prakAra diyA gayA hai: mandAkrAntA mbhau natau tgau g smudrrtusvraaH|' AcArya bharata ne mandAkrAntA ko "zrIdharA' nAma se sambodhita karate hue isakA lakSaNa isa prakAra diyA hai: catvAryAdau ca dazamaM gurUNyatha trayodazam caturdazaM tathA paJca ekAdazamathApi c| yadA saptadaze pAde zeSANi ca laghUnyapi piGgalachandA:sUtram 7/11

Page #201
192 bhavanti yasminsA jJeyA zrIdharA nAmato ythaa'|| suvRttatilaka me kavi kSemendra ne mandAkrAntA chanda kA lakSaNa dete hue likhA hai ki saptadaza akSaro vAle isa vRtta me cAra, cha: evaM sAta akSaro para virati hotI hai: catuHSaTsaptavirativRttaM saptadazAkSaram mandAkrAntA mbhntaistggaishcaabhidhiiyte|' zrI bhaTTakedAra viracitam 'vRttaratnAkAra' me mandAkrAntA kA svarUpa isa prakAra pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai: mandAkrAntA jaladhiSaDagaimbhauM natau tAd gurU cet / arthAt jisa padya ke pratyeka caraNa me krama se magaNa, bhagaja, nagaNa do tagaNa aura do gurU ho use 'mandAkrAntA' chanda kahate haiN|' uparyukta sabhI grantho ke AdhAra para hama isI niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki mandAkrAntA 17 akSaro se yukta hotA hai arthAta cAro caraNoM me 17-17 akSara hote hai| uname prathama, caturtha, dazama, gyArahavA~, terahavaoN, caudahavA~, solahavA~ evaM satrahavA~ akSara guru tathA zeSa akSara laghu hote hai| gaNoM ke AdhAra para ise isa prakAra samajhA jA sakatA hai ki isameM magaNa, bhagaNa nagaNa, do tagaNa aura do gurU hote haiN| magaNa bhagaNa nagaNa tagaNa tagaNa gurU 555 SII III 551 551 55 nATya zAstram 15/76,77 suvRttatilakam 1/35 vRttaratnAkara 3/95 pR. saM. 144

Page #202
193 AcArya merUtuGga ne apanI pratibhA dvArA mandAkrAntA chanda me apanI svatantra kavikalpanA se jainakathA ko racakara kAvya jagata ko eka nayA AyAma diyA hai| jaisA ki mandAkrAntA kA lakSaNa pUrvavartI AcAryoM dvArA diyA gayA hai usakA pUrNataH AcArya ne pAlana kiyA hai tathA mandAkrAntA chanda meM upanibaddha kAvya kA pratyeka zloka bhI chanda racanA kI kasauTI para paripakva siddha hotA hai| katipaya udAharaNa darzanIya hai - magaNa bhagaNa nagaNa tagaNa tagaNa gurU sss / / / / ''|| '' kazcitkA ntAmavi Sayasu khAnIcchu ratyanta dhImA sss / / / / / ssss nenovRttiMtribhu vanagu rU:svaira mujjhAJca kAra 555 SII 111 551 551 55 dAnaMdatta vAsura taruri vAtyucca dhAmAru rukSaH 555 511 11 551 551 55 puNyaM pRthvIdhara varama thoraiva tasvIca kaar|| 555 SII III 551 551 55 uparyukta zloka me pratyeka caraNa 17 akSaroM kA hai, jisameM pahalA, dUsarA, tIsarA, cauthA, dasavA~, gyArahavA~, terahavA~, caudahavA~, solahavA~ evaM satrahavA~ varNa guru hai, zeSa varNa laghu hai| yathA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 jainameghadUtama 1/1

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194 sss 5 / / / / / ' ' / ' ' ka/zci/ta/kA ntA/ma/ti pa/ya/su khA/ nIca chu / rat /yan 15 16 17 / ss ta/ dhI/ mAn kavi kAlidAsa ke anusAra mandAkrAntA chanda meM anta ke do akSara guru aura prathama cAra, dvitIya chaH tathA dvitIya sAta varNo para virAma honA caahie|' kavi merUtuGga ke bhI kAvya meM isa bAta kA nidarzana milatA hai| yathA kazcitkAntA (4)/ maviSayasukhA (6)/ nIcchuratyantadhImA (7)/ pratyeka zloka mandAkrAntA ke suspaSTa lakSaNoM dvArA vibhUSita kAvya kI zobhA bar3hAne tathA rasAsvAdana karAne me pUrNataH sakSama hai| kAvya kI nAyikA rAjImatI atyadhika zoka se pIr3ita hai tathA vaha bAra-bAra mUrchita ho jAtI hai aura apane viSAda evaM pIr3A ko atyadhika manda-manda gati se rUka-rUka kara apane sandeza ko mandAkrAntA chanda me nibaddhata kara megha se sunAtI hai tathA use jAkara kahane ke lie prerita karatI hai| AcArya ne mandAkrAntA chanda kA prayoga kara apane kAvya ko jIvanta banA diyA hai| kliSTa zabdoM kA prayoga karate hue kahI bhI kAvya kI madhuratA me kamI nahIM Ane dI gayI hai| zruta bodha 18

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SaSTho'dhyAyaH kAvya saundarya prakRti citraNa, bimbayojanA, upamAna

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195 kAvyasaundarya (1) prakRti citraNa - prakRti mAnava kI zikSikA hai, bhAvanAoM kI poSikA hai, sukha-duHkha kI saGginI hai evaM astitva kI dhAtrI hai| mAnava jIvana svayaM prakRti ke vizAla jIvana kA eka aGga hai| phira kavi to pratibhAsampanna evaM kalpanAzIla hone ke kAraNa prakRti se kaise dUra raha sakatA hai vaha prakRti kI sahAyatA se hI apanI kalpanA ko sAkAra rUpa pradAna karatA hai| samasta saMskRta vAGgamaya me prakRti varNana apanA vizeSa mahattva rakhatA hai| AcArya merutuGga kRta jainameghadUtam meM bhI prakRti kA bhavya rUpa dRSTigata hotA hai| kavi ne prakRti kA lalita tathA sukumAra donoM hI pakSoM kA varNana kiyA hai| ataH kAvya me prakRti kA saumya rUpa sarvatra vidyamAna hai| kavi ko prakRti se atyadhika anurAga hai tabhI to usane surataru ke sadRza U~cA jo raivataka parvata hai usako tapasyA sthalI ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| ___AcArya merutuGga kI prakRti varNana ke kucha vaiziSTya hai- kavi ne prakRti ke uddIpanAtmaka svarUpa ko apanAyA hai, mAnavIya saMvedanA ko spaSTa karane ke lie unake samAna ghaTanAo ko prakRti meM DhUDhA hai, kavi ne tInoM Rtuo kA baDA hI svabhAvika evaM sajIva varNana kiyA hai, kisI bhI vAtAvaraNa kA varNana karane meM prakRti kA Azraya liyA haiN| kavi ne prakRti se jo bimba cayana kiyA hai ve mAnavIya bhAvanAo ke sAtha sAmAnAntara calate haiM aura mAnavIya bhAvanAo ko abhivyakti karane meM sahAyaka hai| kavi ne tInoM RtuoM varSARtu, basantaRtu evaM grISma Rtu kA bar3A hI svabhAvika evaM sajIva citraNa kiyA hai| sarvaprathama kavi ne varSA Rtu kA

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196 sajIva citraNa kiyA hai| varSAkAla ke kAle kAle meghoM ko dekhakara kisakA mana bhAva-vibhora nahI ho uThatA ataH ina navIna megho ke darzana se sahajatayA hI mana ke bhAva uddIpta ho jAte hai| kAvya ke prathama sarga meM aise hI dRzyo ko dekhakara pati ke viyoga se duHkhita rAjImatI ke hRdaya meM tIvra utkaNThA jAgRta hotI hai aura vaha socane lagatI hai ki varSAkAla ke naye naye U~ce megho ko dekhakara yuvatiyo ke mana meM apane priya ke prati tathA yuvako ke mana meM apanI premikA ke prati sahajatayA utkaNThA utpanna hotI hai|' ___ kavi ne bAhya tathA antaH prakRti ke samanvaya se kAvya kI zobhA ko dviguNita kara diyA hai| mAnavIya saMvedanA ko spaSTa karane ke lie kavi ne unake samAna ghaTanAo ko prakRti meM DhUDhA hai| mAnavIya saMvedanA ko spaSTa karane vAle eka antaH prakRti kA rucira rUpa dekhie- varSAkAla meM svabhAva se IrSyAlu virahiNI striyA~ apane zoka ko utpanna karane vAle megha se jo IrSyA karatI hai vaha ThIka hI hai kyo ki megha ke nIlatulya zyAmavarNa vAlA hone para ve bhI mukha ko zyAma banA letI hai, jaba megha barasatA hai to virahiNI striyA~ . bhI azru barasAtI hai, jaba vaha garajatA hai to ve bhI cAturyapUrNa kaTu vilApa karatI hai aura jaba megha vijalI camakAtA hai to virahiNI striyA~ bhI uSNa niHzvAsa chor3atI hai| jainameghadUtam kI prakRti prIti kI sAkAra mUrti hai| prakRti ke sabhI padArtha bhAvamaya evaM cetanAmaya haiN| ve mAnavIya bhAvoM se ota-prota hai| megha apane mukta jala se dAvAnala se dagdha vana ko dhIre-dhIre zAnta karatA haiM isIlie rAjamatI bhI apane svAmI ke pAsa usake dvArA sandeza bhejakara unake jainameghadUtam 1/3 pratyAvRtte kathamapi tatazcetane dattakAntA kuNThotkaNThaM navajalamucaM sAnidhyau cadahayau 1/3 vahI 1/6

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197 hRdaya ko manda-manda gati se saMtoSa denA cAhatI hai| isa prakAra yaha megha karUNA kA sAgara hai, yaha dIna dukhiyoM ke duHkhoM ko sunatA hai, apane sattva se pRthvI ko sIMcate hue akhila vizva kI sRSTi karatA hai, andhakAra samUha kA vinAza karatA hai| ataH yaha megha atinamra koI abhinava trirUpadhArI deva hai| isa prakAra kavi ne prakRti ko sajIva pAtra kI bhA~ti varNana kiyA hai| kavi ne varSAkAlIna megha kA citraNa karane ke pazcAt vasanta Rtu kA hRdayagrAhI bimba ubhArA hai| vasanta ke Ane para naye naye kapola evaM sundara sundara pattoM se mukta vRkSa rAga-parAga rUpI lakSmI ke sAkSAt nivAsa kI taraha zobhita ho rahe mana me rAga ko utpanna karane vAle phUlo kI raja se AkAza ko vyApta karatI huI kamiyoM ke lie priya malayAcala kI havAeM manda manda baha rahI hai arthAt aisA laga rahA hai kAmadeva ke ghoDe svacchandatApUrvaka vicaraNa karate hue kAma rUpI phUloM ke rAga rUpI dhUla se pUre AkAza ko vyApta kara rahe hai| vasanta ke Agamana para parvata kI zobhA avarNanIya pratIta ho rahI hai - rejuH krIDaupayikagirayo rAjAtAlIvanADhyAH zyAmA: kAmaM kizalitanagA niSkramocAparAtAH sannahyantaH smaranarapateH ketanavAtakAntAH sindUrAktA iva karaTino vrnnysauvrnnvrnnaaH|' arthAt vasanta ke Ane para vanoM ke kAraNa kAle dIkhane vAle krIDAyogya parvata kAmarUpI rAjA ke yuddha ke liye taiyAra hAthiyoM kI taraha zobhita ho rahe haiN| parvata para uge tAr3a ke vRkSa hI unakI dhvajAe~ haiM vRkSoM ke jainameghadUtam 2/3

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198 navIna lAla lAla patte hI unake zarIrapara lipta sindUra evaM varNanIya sunahare kele kI paMktiyA~ hI unake daoNta para maDhA huA sonA hai| vasanta Rtu ke suhAvane prAkRtika dRzya kevala mAnava hRdaya ko nahIM varan pazu-pakSiyoM tathA anya acetana vastuo me bhI prema vihvalatA aura apUrva utkaNThA kA saMcAra karate hue dikhAI dete haiN| manohara kUjana karate hue rAjahaMsa talAbo me cAroM tarapha khela rahe hai, jo kAma rUpI rAjA ke dvArA zatru nagarI meM praveza ke samaya bajAye jAne vAle zaMkhoM kI taraha laga rahe haiM tathA eka AmravRkSa se dUsare AmravRkSa para jAne vAlI toto kI paMktiyA~ naye naye patto se bA~dhI gayI vandanavAra kI zobhA ko dhAraNa kara rahI hai| cAro tarapha prakRti kI aisI ramaNIya chaTA dekhakara mAnava, pazu-pakSI to apanA sUjha-bUjha khoye hI rahate hai| yati loga bhI aisI vasanta Rtu kI sampadA ko dekhakara Darane lagate hai ki kahIM kAmadeva hama para AkramaNa na kara de| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kAmadeva ne bhI unake Dara kA kAraNa samajha liyA hai aura apanI senA ko taiyAra kara vijaya kI dandubhi bajAkara yatiyoM ko - lalakAra rahA haiN| kavi ko prakRti kI sUkSma se sUkSma vastuoM ke manorama saundarya me kAmadeva dhanuSa, bANa, kaTAra Adi se susajjita yuddha ke lie taiyAra dikhalAI detA hai| vasanta meM khilane vAle ardha vikasita phUloM ke bhItara chipI huI tathA kucha dIkhane vAlI pIlI pIlI kesaroM vAlI kAmadeva ke kandhe para ba~dhe hue tarakasoM me rakhe hue, dIpta tathA sundara svarNamukha vAle vANoM ke samAna suzobhita ho rahI hai| nagara ke bAharI bAgoM meM, mUla meM tathA zikhara bhAga me sIdhe vRkSo kI tanoM se lipaTI huI madhya bhAga meM phaloM ke gucchoM se ladI huI tathA apane utkaTa parimala gandha ke kAraNa bhauroM ke samUha se ghirI / jainameghadUtam 28

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latAeM dhanuSa aura bANa caDhAe hue kAmadeva kI zobhA koprApta ho rahI hai| ' zikhara para ghire hue bhramara samUharUpI zirastrANa rUpI bAho me phala rUpI DhAlo ko dhAraNa kiye balkala rUpI kavaca ko pahane hue patto ke aMkuraNa rUpI muskAna evaM zuko ke zabda rUpI kilakilAhaTa se yukta vRkSa, dhanuSa bANa se yukta utkRSTa yoddhA kI taraha zobhita ho rahe hai / ' 199 isa prakAra AcArya ne vasantu Rtu kA jaisA snigdha evaM hRdayahArI varNana kiyA hai vaisA anyatra pAnA durlabha hai| bAhya prakRti kA varNana karate samaya aisA pratIta hotA hai unakI antarAtmA prakRti ke sAtha tadAkAra ho gaI hai| eka sthAnapara vana me Aye hue zrIkRSNa aura zrI nemi kI sevA me vana lakSmI ne nRtya gIta kA Ayojana kiyA haiN| usa samaya kI zobhA kA kavi ne kitanA sajIva citraNa kiyA hai vAtA vAdyadhvanimajanayat valgu bhRGgA agAyaM stAlAn dadhre parabhRtagaNa: kIcakA vaMzakRtyam / vallyo lolaiH kizalayakarlAsyalIlAM ca tenastadbhaktye vyaracayadiva prekSaNaM vanyalakSmIH / ' arthAt usa samaya vana kI zobhA aisI laga rahI thI mAno vanyalakSmI ne una dono kI sevA meM nRtyagIta kA Ayojana kiyA ho| jisameM vAyu vAdya yantro ko bajA rahA hai, bhaure sumadhura gIta gA rahe ho, koyaloM kA samUha tAla de rahA ho, chidrayukta bA~sa vaMza varNana kara rahe haiM tathA latAe~ apane hilate hue patto se nRtya kara rahI hai| 1 jainameghadUtam 2/9 jainameghadUtam 2/10 jainameghadUtam 2/14

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200 kavi ne vana lakSmI kI sundaratA kA varNana kisI ramaNIya yuvatI se kama nahI kiyA hai tArAcAribhramaranayanapadmavaddIrghakAsyA kiJciddhAsyAyitasitasumA shunggikaavyktraagaa| tAbhyAM tatra prasavajarajaH kuGkumasyandaliptI nAnAvarNaccha nivasanA praikSi vineylkssmiiH|' arthAt bhramararUpI putaliyo vAle kamala hI jisake netra hai, kamaloM se yukta vApiyA~ hI jisake mukha hai ujjvala puSpa hI jisakI muskurAhaTa hai, phaloM se giratA huA puSparaja hI jisakA kuGkamalepa hai aura nAnA prakAra ke patte hI jisake vastra hai, isa prakAra kI vaha vanalakSmI hai| kavi ne varSARtu, vasantaRtu kA varNana karane ke pazcAt grISma Rtu kA varNana kiyA hai| grISma Rtu bhI mAnavIya bhAvanAse ota-prota hai| ye bhI vasanta Rtu kI bhA~ti zrI nemi aura zrIkRSNa kA bhavya svAgata karatI haiN| grISma Rtu jyeSThamAsa ke Age kara rasadAra phalo se yukta Amra vRkSa ko namrIbhUta zAkhA rUpI bhujA se evaM pRthivI para gire hue Amra phaloM se una donoM kA svAgata kiyaa| kavi kI asAmAnya kAvya pratibhA isa kAvya ke akSara akSara meM mukharita hotI huI dikhAI detI hai| kAvya meM eka tarapha prakRti ke lalita rUpa kA darzana hotA hai dUsarI tarapha prakRti kA kaThora rUpa kA darzana hotA haiN| grISma Rtu meM sUrya kI pracaNDa dhUpa se parezAna logoM kA kavi ne kaisA svabhAvika varNana kiyA hai- grISma Rtu meM sUrya ke pracaNDa dhUpa se nadI ke taTa kA bAlU 1 jainameghadUtam 2/15 jainameghadUtam 2/36

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201 atyadhika garama ho jAtA hai jo mArga meM calane vAle pathiko ko jalA detA hai| pratApI sUrya ke uSNa kiraNo se kamaloM ke nivAsa sthAna tAlAba sUkha gaye haiN| grISma meM tApa ke vistAra se pIDita logo ke hAthoM se jalakaNa varSA evaM vAyu ke lie ilAye jA rahe paMkhe aise zobhita ho rahe hai mAno zItalatA rUpI baDe vRkSa ko tor3ane ke lie lAkhoM zarIra dhAraNa karane vAle dhUpa rUpI matavAle hAthI ke madakaNa TapakAne vAle caJcala kAna hoM - tApavyApAkulitajanatapaJcazAkhe, tuSArAn saMvarSadbhiH pvntulitaistaalvRntairvireje| dhartuH zailyonnatatarubhide varmalakSANidharmavyAlasyeva srutamadakaNaiH karNatAlairvilolaiH / / kAvya me vibhinna prakAra ke bimboM kA prayoga prApta hotA hai| kavi ne jo bhI bimba cayana kiyA hai ve mAnavIya bhAvanAoM ke sAtha samAnAntara calate hai| aise hI dhvani bimba kA eka anUThA nidarzana dekhie, jisameM prakRti bhI zrIkRSNa kI patniyo ke sAtha nATaka ke zobhAvarddhana me sahAyaka hote hai| aisA pratIta hotA ki zrI nemi zrIkRSNa kI patniyo se ghire hue navarasoM se yukta nATaka kara rahe hai| aisA tathA usa nATaka me ramaNiyoM dvArA uchAle gaye jala se utpanna dhvani mRdaGga kI dhvani hai, laharoM ke jhokoM se hilatI huI kamalinI acchI prakAra se nRtya karane vAlI nartakI hai evaM bhramara kA guJjAra kAnoM ko priya lagane vAlA gIta hai|' prakRti meM sarvatra sneha, karUNA, AturatA, vihvalatA, saMvedanA aura sukumAra Adi mAnavIya bhAvanAoM kA sAmrAjya dRSTigocara hotA hai| eka jainameghadUtam 2/34 jainameghadUtam 2/44 tAsAM lIlollalanajanitA ...... shuddhsnggiitriitiH| 2/44 jai.

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zloka me kavi ne vAtsalya prema kA kitanA navIna evaM hRdayahArI citra upasthita kiyA hai 202 tyaktvA nAga dRDhitaparamaprema hastena hastaM vaddhvA bandhorgaja iva gajasyaiSa bambhramyabhANaH vIkSAJcakre sarasasarasIH sasmitaM pANipadmairAmbhInarmAniva kalarutAn patriNaH khelayantI / ' arthAt he megh| una zrIkRSNa ne hAthI ke hAtha ko chor3akara apane prema ko aura dRDha karate hue, zrInemi ke hAtha se hAtha milAkara ghUmate hue ha~sate hue talAbo ko dekhA jisameM havA ke jhoMkoM se hilate hue kamaloM ke sAtha kalarava karate hue jalapakSI khela rahe the| ve aise laga rahe the jaise talAba rUpI maoN kamala rUpI hAtho se rote hue baccoM kI taraha zabda karate hue pakSiyoM ko khilA rahI ho / prAkRtika saundarya tathA mAnavIya saundarya dono kA hI AcArya ne apane kAvya me bar3ha caDhakara varNana kiyA hai| inake adbhuta kAvya kI prazaMsA kahAM taka kI jaay| kavi kI bimbasaMyojanA bhI uccakoTi kI hai| bimba saMyojanA kA eka ramaNIya udAharaNa darzanIya hai, jisameM zrI nemi ke aMgoM kI sundaratA kA varNana padmaM padbhyAM sarasakadalIkANDa urvoryugena / svarvAhinyAH pulinamamalaM neminaH zroNinaiva / zoNo nAbhyAJcati adRzatAM gopuraM vakSasA ca mUghadUtam 2 / 39

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203 chudro zAkhAnavakizalayo baahupaannidvyen|' arthAt kamala unake caraNo ke, kadalI stambha unakI urUo ke, gaGgA kA taTa unakI kaTi ke, zoNa unakI nAbhI ke, pratolIdvAra (toraNa) unake vakSa ke, kalpavRkSa kI zAkhA unakI bhujA ke aura usake kisalaya unake karoM ke pUrNacandra unake zrImukha ke, kamala patra unake netroM kepuSpa sugandha unake mukhAmoda ke aura uttama ratna unake zarIra ke tulya hai| pUrNanduH ...... upmaadhikydossstthaapi| nemi ke sundara vadana se pUrNacandra sadRzya prApta karatA hai| nemi ke netroM se kamala-dala sadRza prApta karatA hai| nemi ke zarIra se riSTaratna sadRzatA prApta karate hai| agara vidvajjana kahIM bhI varNanIya padArtha samUho kI bhagavAna ke aGgoM dvArA upamA dete haiM to bhI upamAdhikya doSa hotA hai? kavi ne aneka sthalo para sundara kalpanA kA paricaya diyA hai| aisI hI eka adabhuta kalpanA ko dekhie jisameM prakRti manuSya kI taraha rote pazcAttApa karate hue dikhAI detI hai| jalakrIDA kara nikale hue una bhagavAn zrI nemi ke karNAbhUSaNa bane hue kamala jalabUMdoM ko TapakAte hue evaM guJjAra karate hue bhramaro se yukta hokara aise laga rahe the, mAnoM ve rote hue pazcAttApa kara rahe hoM, ki 'hAya mai prabhu ke netro kI spardhA karane ke kAraNa pApa kA pAtra bana gayA hU~ eka anya sthala para kavi ne zrI nemi ke zyAmavarNa zarIra ke pratyeka aGga se ho rahe jalasrAva ko aneka prakAra se kalpanA kiyA hai dAnacyetirdvipa iva jharanirjharo vAJjanAdriH piNDIbhUtaM viyadiva manAk zAradaM varSadabdam / ninye sarvApaghananipatanmeghapuSpo'JjanAbhaH jainameghadUtam 1/23

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204 zrImAnnemiH saparivRDhatAM phullakaGkellimUlam / / ' bhagavAna zrI nemi eka puSpita azoka ke vRkSa kI mUla meM baiTha gye| zyAmavarNa vAle zrInemi ke pratyeka aGga se jalasrAva ho rahA thA, aisA laga rahA thA mAno koI madasrAvI gaja ho athavA aisA aJjana parvata ho jisase jharane baha rahe ho yA zarad Rtu me thoDA thoDA jala barasAne vAle ekatrita megho se yukta AkAza ho| ___ isa prakAra kavi kI pratyeka kalpanA meM prakRti ke suramya dRzya dRSTigocara hote hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prakRti ke binA kAvya adhUrA raha jaataa| jainameghadUtam 3/2

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205 bimba yojanA bimba' bimba kA AvirbhAva kalpanA se hotA hai aura bimboM se pratIka kaa| bimba vidhAna kalA kA kriyA pakSa hai jaba kalpanA mUrta rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai, taba bimba utthita hote hai aura jaba punaH punaH prayoga ke kAraNa kisI bimba kA nizcaya artha nirdhAraNa ho jAtA hai, taba pratIka kA nirmANa hotA hai| ataH tAttvika dRSTi se bimba kalpanA aura pratIka kA madhyastha bindu hai| "bimba vidhAna bahuta aMzoM me kalAkAra kI sahajAnubhUti kI abhivyakti kI saphalatA ko pramANita karatA hai aura kalAkAra kI saundaryacetanA ko bhI dyotita karatA hai| vastutaH vimba vidhAna kalA kA vaha mUrta pakSa hai jisase kalAkAra kI bhAvanA se zliSTa saundaryAnubhUti ko vastu satya kA saMsparza yA tadagata sampRkta AdhAra ke sAtha sAdRzyAbhAsa mila jAtA hai| zAyada isIlie pAzcAttya saundaryazAstriyoM tathA kAvyAcAryoM ne bimba . vidhAna ko kavikI abhivyaMjanA kA anivArya evaM nirvaikalpika prasAdhana mAnA bimba vastujagat ke saMsarga se mana meM utpanna arUpa bhAva saMvedanoM ko rUpa pradAna karate hai| isake atirikta saMzliSTa evaM samRddha vimba abhivyaMjanA ko rUpa sajjA aura alaMkaraNa bhI pradAna karate hai| kAvya me bimba kI yaha upayogitA hai| sAdhAraNa artha meM kAvyagata bimba zabdo dvArA nirmita citra hai| zabdoM dvArA citra khaDA karanA bimba kI mUlabhUta vizeSatA hai| bimba yathA tathya aura paMtakAvya me kalA zilpa aura saundarya pR. saM. 20-21 saundaryazAstra ke tattva- DaoN0 ku. vimala pR. 201

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206 sarvAGgINa hote haiM tathA eka avicchinna vastu vyApAra kA pratipAdana karate hai| bimba anekArtha vyaMjaka hote hai tathA kAvya ke jIvanta tattva mAne jAte hai| ataH utkRSTa kalAkRti yojita bimbo ke dvArA apane kSetra me AyI huI vastuoM ko geTe ke kathanAnusAra kaMkrITa yunivarsala banA dete haiN| kAvya saundarya kI dRSTi se bimba yojanA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| jainamUghadUtam me AcArya merutuGga ne bimboM kA prayoga atyadhika kuzalatA se kiyA hai| inhone prAkRtika bimba sAmAjika bimba, dhvani bimba, gaMdha evaM sparza bimba Adi sabhI prakAra ke bimboM ko apane kAvya me sthAna diyA hai| kavi ne apanI kalpanA ko bimbo ke mAdhyama se mUrta rUpa pradAna kiyA hai inake kAvya meM kAlpanika bimbo kA Adhikya hai| kavi ne bimboM kA cayana prAkRtika kSetra se adhika kiyA hai| kavi ne jIvana ke zAzvata malyo ko bimboM ke mAdhyama se vyakta kiyA hai| kAvya me spaSTa aura yathArthavAdI bimboM kA prAdhAnya hai| kavi ne sUkSma se sUkSma tathA sthUla se sthUla bhAvoM ko bimboM ke mAdhyama se varNana kiyA hai| jainameghadUtam ke prathama sarga meM ekasthAna para dhvani bimba pratibimbita hotA hai nIlI nIle zitilapayana varSayatyanuvarSan garjatyasmin paTu kaTu raTan vidyytyaussnnyrmiyn||' uparyukta zloka meM megha kA garajanA tathA virahiNI striyoM ke cAturya pUrNa kaTu vilApa dvArA dhvani bimba vyaJjita hotaahai| nimnalikhita zlokoM meM sAmAjika pratibimba kI jhalaka milatI haikRSNo dezaprabhurabhinavazcAmbudaH kAlimAnaM jainameghadUtam 1/6

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nyadhyAsaste tadavagamayAmyenasaivArjitena / tatraiko'smatpativiracitA zreSapeSAniSedhA danyo'smAkaM gahanagahane viprayoge'gnisargAt / ' isI prakAra nimna zloko me zrI kRSNa kI patniyA~ zrI nemi ko pANigrahaNa karane ke lie Agraha karatI hai isameM bhI sAmAjika bimba draSTavya hai 1 prakRti bimba se to mAno pUrA kAvya hI bharA par3A hai| prakRti se grahIta sundara bimbo kA udAharaNa draSTavya hai 2 rUpaM kAmastava nizamayan vrIDito'bhUdanaGgo lAvaNyaM cAbibha RbhuvibhurlocanAnAM sahasram / tArUNyazrIvyaziSadatha te puSpadantau zaradvannetA'raNyaprasavasamatAM tvaM binA strIramUni / / ' uttasthe'tho sapadi gadituM vAgmisImA susImA dhImana / pazyAkala iva gRhI na praNApyaH / tatvaM tanvannanu gurUgirA svadvitIyAM dvitIyAM prApsyasyagryA vidhuriva kalAH sarvapakSe valakSe / ' 3 207 vAnaspatyA: kalakizalayaiH kozikAbhiH pravAtaiH stasyArAjanniva tanubhRto rAgalakSmInivAsAH / jainameghadUtam 1/5 jainameghadUtam 3/8 jainameghadUtam 3/11

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udyanmohaprasavarajasA cAmbaraM pUrayanto' bhIkAbhISTA malayamarutaH kAmavAhA: prazaMsuH / ' vasanta ke Ane para naye naye kapoloM evaM sundara sundara patto se mukta vRkSarAga parAga rUpI lakSmI ke sAkSAt nivAsa kI taraha zobhita ho rahe the| mana meM rAga ( kAma) kI utpanna karane vAle phUloM kI raja arthAta puSpa parAga kaNoM se AkAza ko vyApta karatI huI kAmiyo ke lie priya, malayAcala kI havAye svecchA pUrvaka baha rahI thI arthAt aisA laga rahA thA ki kAmadeva ke ghoDe svecchApUrvaka vicaraNa karate hue kAma rUpI phUlo ke rAga rUpI dhUla se pUre AkAza maNDala ko vyApta kara rahe haiN| saMkrIDantaH dalakizalayAmuktamaGgalyadAmnaH / / ' manohara kUjana (zabda karate hue rAjahaMsa tAlAboM meM cAro tarapha khela rahe the, jo kAma rUpI rAjA ke dvArA zatrunagarI meM praveza ke samaya bajAye jAne vAle toto kI paktiyA~ naye naye patto se bA~dhI gaI vandanavAra kI zobhA ko . dhAraNa kara rahI thii| jainameghadUtam meM kavi ne gaMdha evaM sparza bimba kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| nimna zloka me gaMdha bimba draSTavya hai - dhyAtvaivaM sA navadhanadhRtA bhUrivoSNAyamAnA yuktAyuktaM samadamadanAvezato'vindamAnA / astrAsAraM puru visRjatI vAri kAdambinIva hInA duHkhAdatha dakamucaM mugdhavAcetyuvAca / / sparza bimba kA prayoga nimnalikhita zloka meM dekhie 1 2 ......... 208 jainameghadUtam 2/2 jai

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209 vyomavyAjAdahani kamanaH paTTikAM sampramRjya sphUrjallakSmAlakazazikhatIprAtramAdAya rAtrau / ruglekhinyA gaNayati gRNAn yasya nakSatralakSAdaGkAstanvanna khalu bhavate'dyApi teSAmivoktAm / / arthAt brahmA pratidina prabhuneminAtha ke guNagaNana me hI vyasta rahate haiM dina me AkAza rUpI paTTikA ko mArjita kara rAtri meM prakAzita candramA kI kalaGkarUpI syAhI aura candramA rUpI dAvAta tathA usakI kiraNa rUpI lekhanI se tAroM rUpI aMko ke likhane ke vyAja se prabhu ke guNoM ko ginate haiM lekina Aja bhI una guNoM kI iyattA nahIM prApta kara ske|

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210 (3) upamAna AcArya merUtuGga ne jainameghadUtam me jIvana ke tathya mUlya ko adhika gaharAI se samajhAne ke lie tathA usake saundarya bodha ke utkarSa rUpa dikhAne ke lie aprastuta vidhAna kA prayoga kiyA hai| kavi ne apane kAvya me dArzanika prAkRtika, dhArmika, aitihAsika, paurANika Adi vibhinna prakAra ke upamAno kA prayoga kiyA hai| kavi ne aprastuta vidhAna kA prayoga vyAvahArika evaM jana jIvana se grahaNa kiyA hai adhikAMza aprastuta vidhAna kA prayoga paurANika tathAna navIna donoM rUpoM meM milatA hai| isa prakAra sthUla upamAnoM kA bhI prayoga milatA hai| dArzanika upamAno kA prayoga AcArya merUtuGga ne aneka sthaloM para atyanta nipuNatA se kiyA hai| isaprakAra ke aprastu vidhAnoM meM vicitra prakAra kI sajIvatA kI jhalaka AtI hai| nimnalikhita zloko me dArzanika upamAnoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai:anyA lokottara-...... ........ babandha' eka dUsarI kRSNa kI patnI ne haMsate hue saMkSepa meM yaha kahate hue ki-he lokottr| tuma mUrtimAn rAgapAza se ba~dhe hone para mokSa ko kaise prApta karoge? lAla kamalo kI mAlA ko mekhalA ke bahAne zrI nemi ke kaTi pradeza meM aise bA~dha diyA jaise prakRti AtmA ko bA~dha letI hai| yahA~ para kavi ne kitanI sundara dArzanika upamA prastuta kI hai| ki jisa prakAra prakRti AtmA ko bA~dha letI hai, usI prakAra zrI kRSNa kI patnI ne usa mAlA ko zrI nemi ke kaTipradeza meM bAMdha diyA hai| jainameghadUtam - 2/21

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211 nimnalikhita zloka me atyAdhika aprastuta vidhAna kA prayoga huA haipatyAkUtaM yadupatigRhA: saMvidAnA madAnAmAdyaM bIjaM nivasitazlakSNapattorvavAH / dRkkoNena tribhuvanamapi kSobhayantyaH parIyu: karmApekSAH paramapuruSaM mohasenAH prabhuM tam / / 243 / / zrI kRSNa kI patniyoM ne apane pati kA saMketa pAte hI madoM ke mUla kAraNa una prabhu zrI nemi ko usI prakAra ghera liyA jaise karma kI upekSA rakhane vAlI mohasenA AtmA ko ghera letI hai| kAvya me prAkRtika upamAno kA prayoga bhI sthAna-sthAna para milatA hai - lAgne'bhyAsIbhavati divase dArakarmaNyakarmAyArabhyanta prati yadugrahaM vyktkRtyaantraanni| vAsantAhe pratitaru yathA pallavAni prakAmaM pusspotpaadynykhilglitprtnptraantraanni||3|25||' lagna ke dina jaise-jaise najadIka Ane lage vaise hI sabhI yAdavoM ke ghara me anya kAryoM ko chor3akara usI prakAra vivAha se sambandhI kArya hone lage jaise basanta ke Ane para vRkSoM se purAne patte girane lagate haiM aura naye patte evaM puSpa vRkSo me lagane lagate haiN| kavi ne anya zlAko meM bhI prAkRtika upamAnoM kA prayoga kiyA hai - dugdhaM snigdhaM ...........mAM yyaace|3/23|| jainameghadUtam 2/43 jainameghadRtam 3/23 jainameghadUtam 3/25

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213 tasyAM zreNidvayasapayasi-............... nemim / / 2 / 42' kaTi bhAga paryanta jalavAlI, khile kamalo vAlI, ratnajaTita dRr3ha svarNa sIr3hiyo vAlI usa dIrghikA 'bAvalI' me zreSTha sundarI samUha ke sAtha harSa se khelate hue zrI nemi kA zrIkRSNa ne usI prakAra eka cakkara lagAyA jaise candramA tArA samUha ke sAtha merU kA cakkara lagA rahA ho| 1 jainameghadUtam 2/42

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saptamo'dhyAyaH jIvana dRSTi evaM jIvana mUlya

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214 jIvana dRSTi evaM jIvana mUlya AcArya merutuGga kA sAhitya kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| AcArya merUtuGga jainI haiM ataH inakI jaina dharma meM pUrNa AsthA hai| inhoneM jaina dharma ke prakhyApana hetu jainameghadUtam kI racanA kI hai| jisameM inhoneM jainadharma ke 22 veM tIrthakara zrI nemi ke jIvana caritra ke AdhAra para jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM ko pratipAdita karate hue jIvana ke mUlya evaM jIvana dRSTi ko darzAyA hai| kavi ne 'mokSa' ko hI jIvana kI dRSTi evaM jIvana kA mUlya samajhA hai| mokSa kI prApti 'mi ratna' ke mAdhyama se kI jAtI hai aisA jainadarzana kI mAnyatA hai| prasiddha jaina dArzanika umA svAmI kA kahanA hai ki samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyagcaritra hI mokSa ke sAdhana hai| ye tInoM milakara hI mokSa kA sAdhana banate hai alaga-alaga nhiiN| ataH ye triratna kahe jAte haiN| kAvya kA nAyaka zrI nemi ke caritra meM ye triratna (samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcaritra) kI pUrNataH prApti hotI hai| 1. samyagdarzana - samyagdarzana kA tAtparya hai saccI AsthA yA shrddhaa| hame yathArtha saccI AsthA ke binA nahIM prApta ho sktaa| ataH samyagdarzana hI samyagdRSTi utpanna karatA hai| samyagdarzana ke ATha aMga batalAye gaye haiM: 2. niHzaMkatA - satyamArga ke apusaraNa meM sAdhaka ko niHzaMka honA caahie| apane gantavya mArga para tathA mArgadraSTA para avicala vizvAsa yA aTTa zraddhA honI caahie| kAvya me zrI nemi satya-mArga meM niHzaMka haiM, ve apane mAtA-pitA evaM strI dhana-sampatti sabhI kucha tyAga kI aTUTa zraddhA se apane gantavya mArga para bar3hate jAte haiN| ___ samyagdarzanajJAnacaritramokSamArgaH - tattvarthAdhigamasUtra 1/1

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215 (3) ni:kAkSitA - niHkAkSitA samyagdarzana kA pramukha aMga hai| isake antargata sAdhaka ko niSkAma hokara sAdhanA me laganA cAhie tathA kisI prakAra ke laukika sukha kI icchA nahIM honI cAhie aura sAdhaka ko nirIha honA caahie| jainameghadUtam me sAdhaka niSkAma bhAva se apanI sAdhanA me lage hue hai unhe anya kisI prakAra kI sukha kI icchA nahI hai| (4) nirvicikitsA - sAdhaka ko manuSya ke zArIrika vaibhava yA daridratA Adi para dhyAna na dekara use usake guNoM para hI dhyAna denA caahie| yaha bhI samyagdarzana ke pramukha aMga hai| (5) amuddhadRSTi - sAdhaka meM itanA viveka honA cAhie ki vaha kumArga para calane vAlo kI bAto me na Aye tathA sanmArga se vicalita na ho| kAvya ke nAyaka zrI nemi bhI apane jIvana paryanta sanmArga se vicalita nahI hue hai| (6) upavRMhaNa - sAdhaka ko apane guNoM ko bar3hAte rahane kA prayatna karanA caahie| (7) sthirIkaraNa - kisI bhI pralobhana meM par3akara sanmArga kA tyAga nahI karanA cAhie tathA apanI sthiti suhRda karanI caahie| jainameghadUtam meM zrI nemi mAtA -pitA tathA zrIkRSNa aura zrI kRSNa kI patniyoM dvArA lAkha kahane para yA pralobhana dene para bhI kisI prakAra ke pralobhana meM nahIM Ate haiM aura sanmArga kA tyAga nahIM karate hai ve nirantara mokSa kI prApti me lage rahate (8) vAtsalya - sAdhaka ko apane sahayogI dharmAvalambiyoM se sneha karanA caahie| zrI nemi apane sabhI sambandhiyoM ke sAtha sneha karate haiM parantu apanI sAdhanA meM kisI prakAra kI bAdhA nahIM pahu~cAnA cAhate haiN|

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216 (9) prabhAvanA - sAdhaka ko apane sacce dharma kA pracAra karanA caahie| pA~ca prakAra kI mithyAdRSTi zaMkA, AkAMkSA, vicikitsA, anyadRSTi, prazaMsA tathA anyadRSTi saMstava se bacanA caahie| zrI nemi jaina dharma ke pracAra ke lie jaina dharma ke sabhI siddhAntoM kA pAlana karate hai sAtha hI pA~co mithyA dRSTi se bacane kA prayAsa karate hai| samyagdarzana ke pazcAt samyajJAna aura samyagcaritra ke viSaya me saMkSepa me ullekha karate hai kyoki ina tIno samyagdarzana samyagjJAna aura samyakcaritra kA paraspara ghaniSTa sambandha hai| ina triratno dvArA hI manuSya mokSa mArga ko prApta kara sakatA hai| samyajJAna' - samyajJAna tathA samyagcaritra meM ghaniSTha saMbadha hai| samyajJAna kI utpatti mithyAdRSTi ke samApti se hotI hai| jIva tathA ajIva ke mUla tatvo kA jJAnaprApta karanA hI samyajJAna hai arthAta jIva tathA ajIva kA bheda karanA samyagjJAna' se saMbhava hai| isI kAraNa samyagjJAna mokSa kA sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| jainameghadUtam ke nAyaka zrI nemi kI mithyA dRSTi samApta ho gaI hai| unhe jIva tathA ajIva ke mUla tatvo kA jJAna hai| tabhI to ve moha utpanna hone vAle karmo ke baMdhana meM ba~dhanA hI nahIM cAhate hai| samyakcaritra - caritra ke do aMza hai pravRttimUlaka tathA nivRttimUlaka pravRttimUlaka caritra baMdhana kA kAraNa hai tathA nivRttimUlaka caritra mokSa kA kAraNa hai| pravRttimUlaka vihita karmoM kA varjana tathA nivRttimUla vihita kAryoM kA AcaraNa hI samyaka caritra hai| saMkSepa meM samyakcaritra usako kahate hai jo bhAratIya darzana - DA. bI. ena. siMha - DA. AzA siMha svaparAntaraM jAnAti yaH sa jAnAti iSTopadeza 33

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217 mAnA jA cukA hai aura jo jAnA jA cukA hai aura jo karma me pariNata kiyA gayA ho| aMhisA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, aura aparigraha ye samyakcaritra ke aMga hai| 1- aMhisA:- ahiMsA ko jaina darzana meM parama dharma mAnA gayA hai| ahiMsA hI parama dharma, mAnava kA saccA dharma, mAnava kA saccA karma mAnane vAle kevala jaina loga hai| yaha kahanA atizayokti nahIM hogI ki vaidika saMskRti kI apekSA zramaNa saMskRti me ahiMsA kA adhika mahattva hai| vaidika saMskRti me jIvo ke prati dayA kA bhAva rakhanA hI ahiMsA kA artha mAnA jAtA hai| parantu yajJa me diye gaye nirIha pazu kI bali ko hiMsA nahIM mAnA jAtA use ahiMsA mAnA jAtA hai| jaina darzana meM kisI ko mAranA to dUra choTe jIva ko kaSTa pahu~cAnA bhI hiMsA hai| jaina dharma me hiMsA ke do prakAra batalAye gaye hai- dravyahiMsA tathA bhaavhiNsaa| kisI ko kaSTa pahu~cAne kA bhAva na hone para bhI yadi hiMsA ho jAya to vaha dravya hiMsA hai| isake viparIta kisI ko ghAta pahu~vAne yA kaSTa pahu~cAne kA bhAva ho to vaha bhAva hiMsA hai| yarthAtha meM bhAva hiMsA hai| dravya hiMsA bhI hiMsA hai parantu isame pApa nahIM lgtaa| __ arthAt ahiMsA zabda kA abhidhArtha hai 'hiMsA' kA tyAga aura hiMsA me mana, vANI aura karma tIno se hone vAlI hiMsA zAmila hai| ahiMsA se tAtparya yaha hai ki kisI manuSya ko kisI prakAra kI hAni na phuNcaaeN| parantu jaina dharma vyaktigata pakSa ko kevala vahIM taka mahattva detA hai jahA~ taka usakI nIti kA antima lakSya manuSya ke vyaktitva kA vikAsa hai| AcArya merutuGga kA dRSTikoNa hai ki manuSya ko apane jIvana meM ahiMsA dharma kA pAlana karanA caahie| isa vrata ke pAlana se manuSya antima

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lakSya taka pahu~cane me sakSama hotA hai| kavi ne kAvya me ahiMsA dharma kA pAlana bhI kiyA hai| zrI nemi ahiMsA ke parama pujArI hai| jainameghadUtam ke tRtIya sarga me vivAha sthala para pazuo ke karUNa kandana ko sunakara aura yaha jAnavara ki ina pazuo ke mAsa se vivAha kI zobhA bddh'egii| zrI nemi atyanta duHkhita hote hai sAtha hI yaha saMkalpa karate hai ki 'maiM ina pazuoM ko chur3Akara dIkSA grahaNa kara luuNgaa|' 218 antataH zrI nemi mauta ke Dara ke kAraNa kaoNpate hue tathA asahyAvasthA me dIna hokara Upara dekhane vAle una pazu-pakSiyoM ko usI prakAra chur3A dete hai jaise rAjA prasanna hone para sAparAdhI logo ko chor3a detA hai / 'dInotpazyan puravananabhazcAriNazcArabandhaM 1 baddhAna bandhairgalacalanayorvepino mRtyubhItyA | ' yahA~ para zrI nemi ne ahiMsA dharma kA pUrNataH pAlana kiyA hai| 2- satya mithyA vacana kA parityAga tathA yathA dRSTi, yathAzruta vastu ke svarUpa kA kathana hI satya kahalAtA hai| satya kevala yarthAtha svarUpa kA kathana hI nahIM varana hita bhI hai| yadi bhAvanA meM ahita ho athavA jisase kisI ko kaSTa pahu~catA ho to vaha satya vacana asatya haiN| jaina darzana meM satya kA svatantra sthAna nahIM varan satya ahiMsA kI rakSA ke lie batalAyA gayA hai| asatya vacana ke 4 prakAra hai: - (1) kisI sat vastu ke svarUpa, sthAna, kAla Adi ke sambaMdha meM jhUTha bolakara asat use batalAnA / 1 (2) kisI asat vastu ke svarUpa, sthAna, kAla Adi ke viSaya meM jhUTha bolakara use sat btlaanaa| jainameghadUtam 3/44

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219 (3) kisI vastu ke yarthAtha svarUpa ko chipAkara kucha dUsarA varNana kara denaa| (4) ahita, amaMgala, apriya vacana bolnaa| kAvya ke nAyaka zrI nemi ne satya mArga kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| inhoMne jIvana ke vAstavika satya ko pahacAnA hai| ve jhUThe saMsAra ke baMdhanoM meM ba~dhanA nahI cAhate hai| mAtA-pitA dvArA pANigrahaNa hetu bArambAra Agraha karane para unhe madhura vANI me yaha kaha kara pratIkSA karAte hai lapsye lokampRNaguNakhanI cetakannItadvikSye 'tIkSNokto tyAga maryata kiytkaalmesso'pylkssyH| arthAta yadi maiM lokapratikAriNI zAma mArdava, santoSa Adi guNo ke samAna kisI kanyA ko prApta karU~gA to usI se vivAha kruugaaN| inake kathana kA abhiprAya hai ki prItikArI guNo se yukta eka mAtra dIkSA hI hai samaya Ane para usI ko grahaNa kruuNgaa| yahA~ AcArya ne jIvana vyApI satya ko svIkAra kiyA hai| isIprakAra zrI nemi kabhI bhI kisI ko ahita, amaMgala apriya vacana nahI bolate hai| kAvya meM zrI nemi zrIkRSNa kI patniyo kA mana rakhane ke lie rAjImatI se vivAha karane ko bhI taiyAra ho jAte hai jabaki ve vivAha karanA nahIM cAhate hai| ataH ve unheM kisI prakAra kA apriya bAta bolakara duHkhita nahIM karanA cAhate hai| isa prakAra zrI nemi ne satya kA pAlana kiyA hai| 3- asteya - sarvathA aura vRtti kA tyAga karanA asteya kahalAtA hai| jainadarzana me ghana sampatti ko manuSya kA vAhya jIvana kahA gayA hai| ataH dhana sampatti kA apaharaNa hiMsA mAnA gayA hai| asteya vrata ke nimnalikhita aMga hai (1) svayaM corI karanA corI karane kI preraNA denaa|

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220 (2) corI kA mAla khriidnaa| (3) kisI ko nApa taula me kama yA adhika denaa| (4) kama kImata kI vastu ko adhika mUlya meM becnaa| (5) kisI asAmanya paristhiti se lAbha uThAne ke lie vastu ke mUlya me vRddhi| uparokta pA~ca prakAra kI caura vRtti se bacanA hI asteya hai| AcArya merUtuGga ne jainameghadUtam me asteya vrata kA pratyakSa rUpa se kahI bhI varNana nahIM kiyA hai kyoki kAvya ke nAyaka zrI nemi jainadharma ke 22veM tIrthaMkara hai arthAt unake lie asteya kI parikalpanA karanA apanI dRSTikoNa meM ucita nahI samajhate haiN| parantu aparokSa me hama asteya kA darzana karate haiM jaise kAvya me kavi ne aparigraha kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| aparigraha asteya vrata ke binA asaMbhava hai| bahmacarya:- kAmavAsanA kA parityAga karanA hI brahmacarya hai| brahmacarya ke agralikhita aMga batalAye gaye hai - (1) durAcAriNI striyo se bcnaa| (2) azlIla bAto kA tyAga krnaa| (3) zakti se adhika bhoga na krnaa| (4) aprAkRtika maithuna se bacanA aadi| saMkSepa me apanI strI se saMyoga tathA parAyI strI se viyoga donoM hI brahmacarya ke aMga hai| kAvya me zrI nemi ne kaThora brahmacarya vrata kA pAlana kiyA hai| zrI nemi svapna me bhI kisI strI ke viSaya meM nahIM socate haiN| yahA~ taka ki ve

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pANigrahaNa ke lie bhI taiyAra nahI hai| zrI nemi kI jitendriyatA ko dekhakara prakRti bhI Azcarya se sira pITane lagatI hai| inake brahmacaryavrata ko dekhakara gAndhArI bola uThatI hai ki janma se hI brahmacaryavrata dhAraNa karake Apa brahma se U~cA koI pada to pAoge nahI aura zAdI kara lene para bhI Apa usa pada ko prApta karege hii| ataH 'evamastu' kahakara Apa hamasaba ko sukhI banAo, hama Apake pairoM para giratI haiM, hama saba ApakI dAsI haiM Iza ! upayukta cATukAritA logo ko sukha to do| ' hama 221 isaprakAra zrI nemi AjIvana avivAhita raha kara kaThora brahmacarya vrata ke niyama kA pAlana karate haiN| aparigraha - viSayAsakti kA tyAga hI aparigraha hai / strI putra dhana sampatti Adi me jo Asakti hai vahI mamatva kahalAtA hai| isa mamatva kA tyAga hI aparigraha hai| manuSya viSayoM kI ora svabhAvataH AkRSTa hotA hai| vaha sadA dhana sampatti indriya sukha ko bar3hAne vAle viSayoM kI hI ciMtA karatA hai| yahI parigraha kA svarUpa hai sabhI viSayoM meM maiM parigraha buddhi kA parityAga hI aparigraha hai| jainameghadUtam ke prathama sarga ke prathama zloka meM hI AcArya merutuGga ne aparigraha vrata kA pAlana kiyA hai| kAvya ke nAyaka zrI nemi mokSa pAne kI icchA se apanI kAntA rAjImatI kA parityAga kara dete hai aura sampUrNa sampatti kA bhI vitaraNa karake tapasyA ke lie raivataka parvata para cale jAte haiN| kazcitkAntAmaviSayasukhAnIcchuratyantadhImA novRttiM tribhuvanagurUH svairamujjhAJcakAra / jaina meghadUtam 3/15 gAndhArI -- raajympyaapymiish|

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222 dAnaM dattvAsuratarurivAtyuccadhAmArurukSuH puNyaM pRthvIdharavaramatho raivataM sviickaar||' isa prakAra AcArya merutuDga ne samyagcaritra ke pratyeka bindu kA kAvya me citraNa kiyA hai| niSkarSataH hama spaSTa rUpa se kaha sakate haiM ki AcArya merUtuGga kI jIvana dRSTi jaina dharma para AdhArita hai| inhone jainameghadUtam ke mAdhyama se apane isa dRSTikoNa ko darzAyA bhI hai| AcArya ne jaina darzana ke eka-eka aMga ke AdhAra para zrI nemi ke caritra kA varNana kiyA hai! jainamatAnusAra jIvana kA mUlya mokSa hai| yaha mokSa triratno se hI prApta ho sakatA hai| aisA AcArya merUtuGga ne isa kAvya meM iMgita kiyA hai| yahI jaina dharma kA bhI mata hai| jainameghadUtam 1/1

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aSTamo'dhyAyaH mUlyAMkana

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___223 223 jainameghadUtam kA mUlyAMkana jainameghadUtam AcArya merutuGga kI kAvya pratibhA kA jvalaMta nidarzana hai| sandezakAvya kA Adarza udAharaNa svarUpa yaha kAvya antaH prakRti evaM bAhya prakRti dono ke rucira citraNa me apUrva hai| yaha cAra sargoM ke laghu kalevara kA hone para bhI jIvana ke mUla rahasyoM kA sandeza dene meM samartha racanA hai| kavi ne eka vizeSa uddezya tattvajJAna ke pratipAdana ko lekara isa kAvya kRti kI racanA kI hai aura ve isame saphala bhI hue hai| kAvya me bhAvo kA naisargika pravAha hai| zrI nemi ke caritra ke prati AcArya kI pragAr3ha zraddhA hai| yaha zraddhA inake kAvya kI mArmikatA aura manoharatA ke lie uttaradAyI hai| ghaTanAoM ke varNana me kavi jitanA kuzala aura jAgarUka hai utanA hI zlAghanIya haiN| bhAvo ke citraNa me bhI utanA hI dakSa aura samvedanazIla hai| hRdaya para sadyaH prabhAva utpanna karane vAlI spRhaNIya upamAo ke prayoga se aneka varNana atyanta svabhAvika aura prabhAvapUrNa ho gaye haiM; cAhe ve antaH prakRti ke ho cAhe bAhya prakRti ke| AcArya ne vyAvahArika jagata se hI apanI upamAe~ gRhIta nahIM kI, apitu adhyAtmika va zAstrIya upamAoM kA bhI kuzala prayoga kiyA hai| itanI saccI parakha hone para bhI AcArya dvArA upamAoM ke prayoga meM kahIM-kahIM asAvadhAnI ho gaI hai jisase kAvya me adhikopamA doSa tathA hInopamA doSa dRSTigata hotA hai| jaise eka sthAna para kavi ne nAyaka ke aGgo kA varNana nIce se Upara kI ora kiyA hai jabaki kavi paramparA meM aGgoM kI sundaratA kA varNana Upara se nIce kI ora kiyA jAtA hai - padmaM padbhyAM saralakadalIkANDa Urvoryugena svarvAhinyA pulinamamalaM neminaH shronninaiv|

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224 zoNo nAbhyAJcati sadRzatAM gopuraM vakSasA ca chudro zAkhAnavakizalayo baahupnnidvyen||' pUNenduH ...............-upmaadhikydossstthaapi|' arthAt kamala unake caraNo ke kadalIstambha unakI urUoM ke gaGgA kA taTa unakI kaTi ke zoNa unakI nAbhi ke, pratolIdvAra (toraNa) unake vakSa ke, kalpavRkSa kI zAkhA unakI bhujA ke aura usake kisalaya unake karoM ke, pUrNacandra unake zrI mukha ke, kamalapAtra unake netro ke, puSpa sugandha unake mukhAmoda ke aura uttama ratna unake zarIra ke sadRza hai|' nemi ke sundara vadana se pUrNacandra kA, nemi ke netroM se kamala dala kA tathA nemi ke zarIra se ratna kA sAmya hai| (yadi vidvajjana kahI bhI varNanIya padArtha samUho kI bhagavAna ke aGgo dvArA upamA dete hai to bhI upamAdhikya doSa hotA hai)| jahA~ kAvya meM upameya kI apekSA upamAna adhika hIna pratIta hone lagatA hai to vahA~ para hInopamA doSa A gayA hai udAharaNArtha tvaM jiimuut| prathitamahimAnanyasAdhyopakAraiH ............-jagajjantu jiivaatulkssmyai|' arthAta he jiimuut| jo upakAra anyoM ke lie asAdhya hai una upakAroM ke karane ke kAraNa Apa vikhyAta mahimA vAle hai Apako dekhakara aisA kauna hai jo apanI dRSTi ko phailI huI hathelI ke sadRza vizAla nahIM banA detA hai jainameghadUtam 1/23 vahI 1/24 jainameghadUtam 1/23 vahI 1/24 jainameghadUtam 1/12

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Apane apane dAna se una prasiddha kalpavRkSa aura cintAmaNi ko bhI nIce kara diyA hai, jagata ke jIvana kI lakSmI ko dhAraNa karane Apako kauna nahI caahtaa| 225 AcArya merUtuGga mAnava manovijJAna ke samvedanazIla jJAtA hai| AcArya ne nAyikA kI bhAvanAo kA varNana atyanta manovaijJAnika rIti se kiyA hai| prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai ki AsamAna me kAle megho ke Ate hI samasta jIva-jantu prANI Adi prasanna ho jAte hai / yaha bhI eka manovaijJAnika tathya hai| isI manovaijJAnikatA ko kavi ne kAvya me vyakta kiyA hai| eka sthAna para AcArya merUtuGga ne viraha santapta mAnava citta ko duHkhI karane vAle megha ke manovaijJAnika prabhAva ko 'ekaM tAvadvirahihRdayadrohakRnmeghakAlo" yaha kahakara spaSTa kiyA hai| isI prakAra virahiNI striyoM ko isa meghakAla meM hone vAle kaSTa kA jainameghadUtam me kavi ne ati manovaijJAnika citraNa kiyA hai- " varSAkAla meM svabhAva se ISyAlu striyA~ apane zoka ko utpanna karane vAle megha se jo IrSyA karatI hai, vaha ThIka hI hai| kyoki nIlatulya jaba yaha megha zyAma varNa ho jAtA hai, to ve bhI mukha ko zyAma banA detI hai| jaba yaha megha barasatA hai to ve bhI azru barasAtI haiN| yaha megha garajatA hai, to ve bhI cAturyapUrNa kaTu - vilApa karatI hai aura jaba yaha megha vidyuta camakatA hai to virahiNI bhI uSNa niHzvAsa chor3atI hai| 2 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki kavi ne meghAgamana se prANiyoM para hone vAle manovaijJAnika prabhAvoM kA sUkSmatA ke sAtha citraNa kiyA hai| 1 jainameghadUtam 1/4 jainameghadUtam 1/6

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226 isa kAvya meM prakRti kA varNana atyanta sajIva aura hRdayAvarjaka hai| AcArya kI sUkSma dRSTi ne prakRti ke sUkSma rahasyo ko sAvadhAnI se hRdayaMgama kiyA hai| inhoMne grISma, zarada evaM vasanta Rtu kA varNana itanA sajIva kiyA hai ki ve hamAre netro ke sAmane sajIva ho uThatI hai| manuSya tathA prakRti kA maMjula sAhacarya tathA dono me adbhuta ekAtmatA dikhAkara kavi ne mAnava aura prakRti ko paraspara pUraka rUpe meM citrita kiyA hai| AcArya ne prakRti ke hRdaya ke pratyeka spandana ko pahacAnA hai| isa kAvya meM kavi ne jitane bhI upamAna diye hai| uname se adhikAMza prakRti jagata se gRhIta hai| alaMkAra kI dRSTi se yaha kAvya uccakoTi kA hai| alaMkAra nirUpaNa me AcArya merutuGga ati nipuNa haiN| jainameghadatam meM niyojita anekavidha alaMkAra unakI kAvyapratibhA ke nidarzana haiN| kAvya meM pratyeka alaMkAra apane Apa me eka vizeSa camatkRti rakhatA hai| prAya: jainameghadUtam kA pratyeka zloka cAra pA~ca alaMkAroM ke gucchaka se alaMkRta hai| AcArya alaMkAra pratibhA meM siddhahasta hai, tabhI to eka hI zloka meM sAta ATha alaMkAroM ke samUha se saniveza hone para bhI usa zloka kA mUla bhAva aura zilpa naSTa nahIM hone pAyA hai, udAharaNArtha 'vAtA vAdyadhvanimajanayan valgu bhRGgA agAyaM - stAlAn dadhe parabhRtagaNaH kIcakA vaMzakRtyam / vallyo lolaiH kizalayakarailAsyalIlAM ca tenustadbhaktyeti vyaracayadiva prekSaNaM vnylkssmiiH||' yahA~ para aprakRti se prakRti kI upamA dI jAne ke kAraNa atizayokti alaMkAra; kisalaya aura kara meM abheda hone ke kAraNa rUpaka alaMkAra; jainameghadUtam 2/14

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227 'tenustad bhaktyeti' isa kriyA kA ekatva hone ke kAraNa dIpaka alaMkAra, zloka ke pUre bhAva me utprekSA hone se utprekSA alaMkAra; 'vanalakSmI' isa zleSayukta vizeSaNa dvArA apakRta kA kathana hone se samAsokti alaMkAra; 'vallyo lolaiH kisalayakarairlAsyalIlA' me anuprAsa alaMkAra tathA uparyukta alaMkAra ke saMyoga se saMkara alaMkAra samAviSTa ho rahA hai| isaprakAra sAta-ATha alaMkAro kA samAveza hone para bhI isa zloka kA bhAva khaNDita nahIM huA hai AcArya merutuGga kA zleSa bhI prazaMsanIya hai| kintu kahI-kahI atyanta kliSTa ho jAne se kAvya me durUhatA A gaI hai| phira bhI sAmAnyata: AcArya kI alaMkAra yojanA sundara aura prabhAvotpAdaka hai aura apane alakRta kAvya zilpa dvArA jainameghadUtam ne sAhitya jagata meM mahatI pratiSThA evaM prazaMsA arjita kI hai| rasa kI dRSTi se yadi hama isa kAvya kA mUlyAMkana kareM to hama dekhate hai ki AcArya merutuGga jaina matAvalambI kavi hone ke kAraNa anya jainakaviyoM kI hI bhA~ti zRGgAra ke ubhaya pakSoM ko carama bindu para pahu~cAkara bhI kAvya kA paryavasAna zAnta rasa meM hI karate haiN| zAnta rasa rAga dveSa se grasta mAnava samAja ko zAzvata Ananda kI prApti karAne kI kSamatA rakhatA hai| kavi kA bhI mUla uddezya yaha hai, isIlie zRGgAra ke dono pakSoM kI pramukhatA dete hue anta meM usakA paryavasAna inhoMne zAnta rasa meM kiyA hai| isa kAvya kA pradhAna rasa vipralambha zRGgAra hI hai| yaha rasa priya viyoga se vyathita nAyikA kI manaH sthiti ko to spaSTa karatA hai sAtha hI sAMsarika bhogoM ke prati usakI virakti ko bhI pradarzita karatA hai| kAvya me pramukha rUpa se zRGgAra tathA zAnta rasa evaM kucha sthala para vIra rasa kA bhI sundara paripAka huA hai| kAvya zilpa kI dRSTi se yadi kAvya kA avalokana kareM to hama dekhate haiM ki kavi ne jisa prakAra ke bhAvoM kI abhivyakti kI hai, unhIM ke anukUla

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228 rasa kA prayoga kiyA hai aura rasa ke samyaka paripAka me sahAyaka guNo kA hI prayoga kiyA hai| jahA~ zRGgAra rasa aura zAnta rasa kA prasaMga hai vahA~ kavi ne mAdhurya guNa kA samAveza kiyA hai kyoMki mAdhurya guNa yukta zabdAvalI atyAdhika komala hotI hai| jahA~ kAvya me vIratA aura ugra bhAva kA pradarzana karanA hai, vahA~ kavi ne oja guNa kA sahArA liyA hai| jahA~ bhAva aura bhASA kI sahaja sampreSaNIyatA abhISTa hai| vahA~ kavi ne prasAda guNa kA Azraya liyA hai| zAyada kavi ne kAvya ko mAdhurya guNa se vibhUSita karane ke lie hI kAvya kI bhASA ko vyaJjanA sikta kara diyA hai, sundara vAkya vinyAsa tathA alaMkAroM kI jhaDI lagA dI hai| isa prakAra kavi ne tInoM guNoM kA kuzala prayoga kara kAvya kI prabhAvotpAdakatA bar3hA dI hai| "bhASA puSpa hai to zailI usakI surabhi hai|" ataH bhASA aura zailI kA paraspara pragAr3ha sambandha hai| kavi merUtuGga kI kAvya bhASA prAyaH kliSTa hai| vinyAsa bhI samAsAkula hai| ga, dha, cha, Da, bha jaise mahAprANa varNo kA analpa prayoga hai, sAtha hI anuprAsa alaGkAra kA bhI pracura prayoga hai, ataH niSkarSataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki kavi dvArA mukhyataH gauDI rIti kA hI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| vaidarbhI tathA paJcAlI rItiyo kA bhI yatra-tatra darzana ho jAtA hai|' __AcArya merutuGga bhASA ke samrATa hai| zabdoM para unakI adbhuta prabhutA hai| inake kAvya meM kucha aise zabda milate hai jinakA prayoga sAhitya meM sAmAnya rUpa se dekhane ko nahI milatA hai| aise prayoga AcArya ne sambhavataH apane bhASA para adhikAra ko pradarzita karane ke vicAra se hI kiye haiM; tabhI to unhone aise zabdoM ko apane kAvya meM prayukta kiyA hai jinake artha kisI / jainameghadUtam 2/12

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229 pramukha koza meM khojane para bhI nahIM milte| jaise amA, hallIsaka, kharU, vazA Adi kavi ne kahIM-kahIM atyanta ramya kalpanAoM ko bhI bar3I durUha bhASA me prastuta kiyA hai|" caritra nirmANa kI dRSTi se yadi kAvya kA mUlyAMkana kiyA jAya to hama dekhate hai ki AcArya ne pAtro ko itanI sajIvatA ke sAtha citrita kiyA hai unakI maJjula mUrti hamAre netro ke samakSa upasthita ho jAtI hai| kAvya ke nAyaka zrI nemi kA caritra kAvya kA pramukha caritra hai| ve kAvya nAyaka hai| ye jainadharma ke 22veM tIrthaMkara haiN| ye Adarza vyaktitva ke svAmI haiN| inakA vyaktitva sundara aura prabhAvazAlI hai| inameM ve sabhI guNa vidyamAna hai jo eka Adarza yogI meM milate haiN| inakA svabhAva vinodI hai| sAtha hI ye atyanta parAkramI bhI haiN| kAma vAsanA inake andara raMca mAtra bhI vidyamAna nahIM hai, tabhI to atyanta sundarI aura guNavatI rAjakumArI rAjImatI ko tyAgakara aura apanI sampatti kA dAna karake tapasyA ke lie raivataka parvata para cale jAte haiN| zrI nemi jAgarUka hai| zrI nemi atyanta vairAgyavAna mahApurUSa haiM aura sAMsArika pralobhana inhe Atma-sAkSAtkAra ke saMkalpa se DigA nahIM paate| ina para apane cacere bhAI zrI kRSNa tathA unakI patniyoM dvArA kI jAtI huI nAnA prakAra kI jala krIr3Ae~, basanta kA Agamana tathA rAjImatI ke upAlambha aura azruoM kA koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA hai| dUsarI pAtra ke rUpa meM kAvya kI nAyikA rAjImatI ke caritra kA aGkana karake AcArya ne nArI jAti kI pratiSThA kI hai| AcArya ne rAjImatI ke caritra ko sarvocca zikhara para asIna kara yaha Adarza prastuta kiyA hai ki nArI kevala bhoga-vilAsa kI vastu nahIM hai vaha saccI jIvana saGginI hai| vaha mokSa ra vahI 2/16 jainameghadUtam 2/25 vahI 2/4

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230 rUpa jIvana ke carama lakSya prApta karane kI sAmarthya rakhatI hai| rAjImatI viduSI hai| use sAhitya, darzanazAstra Adi kA acchA jJAna hai| usakA hRdaya komala bhAvanAoM se bharA huA hai| vaha dayA, karUNA, prema, sahAnubhUti Adi guNo se yukta hai| vaha atithi-satkAra meM kuzala hai| vaha eka pativratA nArI hai; eka bAra zrI nemi ko pati ke rUpa me varaNa karane ke bAda anya kisI purUSa se vivAha karane ke lie taiyAra nahIM hotI hai| rAjImatI kA caritrAGkana karate samaya kavi mAnava-mana meM apanI gaharI paiTha kA paricaya dete hai| prathama megha darzana para rAjImatI kI uktiyo ke dvArA ve virahiNI strI kI bhAvanAoM aura ceSTAo tathA megha ke bIca upasthita bhAvasaMvAda ko bar3I manovaijJAnika pakar3a ke sAtha ubhArate hai| rAjImatI kA citraNa unhoMne bhAvuka kintu buddhimatI strI ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| svAmI ke vairAgya se duHkhI aura marmAhata vaha unheM taraha-taraha se samajhAne kA prayatna karatI hai| unake jIvana meM apanA sthAna aura mahatva vaha aneka tarko se siddha karatI hai| jainameghadUtam me ina do pramukha pAtroM ke atirikta zrIkRSNa aura unakI patniyo ke caritra hamAre sAmane Ate haiN| zrIkRSNa zrI nemi ke cacere bhAI the| ina dono me atyadhika sneha the| AcArya ne kAvya meM zrI kRSNa ke vyaktitva ko bahuta choTe-choTe prasaMgoM ke mAdhyama se ubhArA hai| kAvya meM zrI kRSNa vidvAna, dayAlu, vinamra, balazAlI, rasika aura AkarSaka pati kI bhUmikA meM Ate hai| ye gRhastha Azrama ke sAtha-sAtha mAnava jIvana ke parama lakSya mokSa kI prApti karane me vizvAsa rakhate haiN| zrIkRSNa atyanta sahRdaya haiM aura kisI ko duHkhita nahIM dekha skte| zrI kRSNa kI patniyoM kA caritra svabhAvikatA ke sAtha citrita hai| ye pativratA nArI hai| ye apane pati kI AjJA kI avahelanA nahIM krtii| zrI

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231 kRSNa kI ATho patniyA~ viduSI hai; unhe adhyAtmika dArzanika, sAhityika sabhI prakAra ke viSayoM kA jJAna hai| ye apane devara zrI nemi se atyadhika prema karatI hai| ye sabhI milakara zrI nemi se jala-krIr3A karatI haiM aura unheM rAjImatI kA pANi grahaNa karane ke lie taiyAra karane ke lie ceSTA karatI haiN| kAvya meM anya pAtro ke rUpa me zrI nemi ke mAtA-pitA bhI haiN| inake pitA kA nAma zrI samudra aura mAtA kA nAma zivA devI hai| zrI samudra rAjAo me zreSTha hai aura dazo dizAo ke svAmI haiN| ve atyanta dhArmika aura balazAlI hai| inake rAjya me inakI prajA sukhI hai| apane puNya karmoM ke kAraNa ye sadaiva vijaya ko prApta karate hai| ye ati prakRSTa buddhi vAle haiN| zivA devI aura zrI samudra kA hRdaya vAtsalya prema se bharA huA hai; zrI nemi ke mAtA pitA pramadavana me yuvatiyo ke sAtha krIr3A karate hue yadukumAroM ko dekhakara bhAva vihvala ho jAte haiN| unhe pANigrahaNa karane kA Agraha karate haiN| zrI nemi ke mAtA-pitA ko apane putra kA vivAha dekhane kI atyadhika lAlasA hai| isa prakAra AcArya kI tUlikA se citrita pAtra pAThako ke citta para apanA amiTa prabhAva DAlate hai| saccA kavi vahI hai jo saMsAra kA vividha anubhava prApta kara unake mArmika pakSa ke grahaNa meM samartha hotA hai; aura isa kasauTI para kasane se AcArya merutuGga kA dUtakAvya 'jainameghadUtam' kharA utaratA hai|

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sahAyaka-grantha sUcI

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232 sahAyaka grantha sUcanikA agnipurANa abhinava rasa siddhAnta abhijJAna zAkuntalam amarakoza maharSi vyAsa, prakAzana saMskRta saMsthAna, barelI, dvitIya saMskaraNa, 1969 lekhaka- DaoN0 dazaratha dvivedI, prakAzanavizvavidyAlaya prakAzana, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1973 kAlidAsa prakAzana, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, vArANasI prathama saMskaraNa, 1970 sampAdaka haragovinda zAstrI, prakAzana caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja Aphisa, vArANasI-1 prathama saMskaraNa 1970 rAjAnakarUpayaka, prakAzana caukhambhA prakAzana, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1971 puruSottama zarmA caturvedI, prakAzaka- motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1967 lekhaka- mohana avasthI, prakAzana hindI pariSad, prathama saMskaraNa, 1962 bhavabhUti, sampAdaka- janAdanazAstrI, prakAzaka motIlAla banArasIdAsa dillI, prathama saMskaraNa 1963 AcArya guNabhadra, saMskRta anuvAdaka paM0 patrAlAla alaMkAra sarvasva alaMkAroM kA kramika vikAsa Adhunika hindI kAvya zilpa uttararAmacaritam uttarapurANa

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Rgveda kAlidAsa kI amara kRtiyA~ kAlidAsa kA saundaryabodha kAvyaprakAza kAlidAsa kI amara kRtiyA~ 233 sAhityAcArya ekosaptatimayavarSa prakAzana saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI, 1962 lekhaka- vI0pI0 bhAskarazAstrI prakAzaka sukhapAla gupta, Arya buka Dipo, karaula bAga dillI, prathama saMskaraNa 1962 lekhaka - DaoN0 zaMkaradatta ojhA, prakAzana agravAla zivAjI mArga, lakhanaU kAlidAsa ke kAvya AcArya mammaTa, vyAkhyA AcArya vizvezvara, prakAzana jJAnamaNDala li0, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1960 kAlidAsa ke saundarya liddhAnta arcanA prakAzana prathama saMskaraNa 1964 aura meghadUta lekhaka bI0 pI0 bhAskara zAstrI, prakAzaka sukhapAla gupta, Arya buka Dipo karaula bAga dillI, prathama saMskaraNa 1972 kAlidAsa ke sAhitya meM vimba lekhaka bhavAnI datta kANDa pAla, prakAzaka zabda zrI vidhAna prakAzana zodha prabandha evaM durlabha sAhitya ke prakAzaka saptalAsasa zahIda bhagatasiMha mArga, AgarA prathama saMskaraNa 1985 lekhaka rAmapratApa tripAThI, prakAzana kitAba mahala (ptA0) limi0, ilAhAhAbAda prathama saMskaraNa 1966 kAlidAsa kI lAlitya yojanA lekhaka hajArI prasAda dvivedI prathama rAjakamala prakAzana

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234 li0, 8 phauja bAjAra, dillI-6, vi0saM0 1960 kAlidAsa ke kAvya meM dhvanitattva lekhaka DaoN0 majulA jAyasavAla, prakAzana caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI kAlidAsIya meghadUtam sampAdita vI0jI0 parAMjape, prakAzana Dekana buka sTAla, phArgyusana kAleja roDa, pUnA, dvitIya saMskaraNa, 1941 kAvyAdarza daNDI kapi, prakAzana zrI kamalamaNi granthamAlA kAryAlaya, vArANasI vi0saM0 1938 kAvyAlaMkAra rUdraTa, vyAkhyA rAmadeva zukla, prakAzana- caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1966 kAvya evaM kAvyarUpa lekhaka DaoN. jagadIza prasAda kauzika, prakAzaka grantha vikAsa sI-36 rAjapArka, Adarzanagara, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa 1987 cAra tIrthakara lekhaka paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, saMpAdaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, prakAzaka pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodhasaMsthAna, vArANasI, Ai0TI0AI0 roDa, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1989 chandomaJjarI gaMgAdAsa, 'prabhA' vyAkhyAsahita, prakAzaka caukhambA amarabhAratI prakAzana, vArANasI jinaratnakoza haridAmodara velaNakara, prakAzana bhaNDArakara oriyaNTala risarca iMsTITyUTa pUnA, 1944 / / jainagranthAvalI prakAzaka- zrI jaina zvetAmbara kAMphreMsa, bambaI, vi. saM. 1965

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235 rekhA jainameghadUtam AcArya merutuGga prakAzaka- zrI jaina AtmAnandasabhA, bhAvanagara, san 1224 jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa lekhaka- DA0 jagadIza candra jaina va DA0 mohana bhAga 2 lAla mehatA, prakAzaka- pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna jainAzrama hindI yunivrsitth| prathama saMskaraNa 1969 jaina dharma ke aitihAsika rUpa lekhaka- DA0 jhinakU yAdava, digvijaya siMha ema. e. (zodha chAtra) prakAzaka- iNDika akAdamI, bhAratIya saMskRti sAhitya ke pramukha prakAzaka evaM vikretA varANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 1981 I. jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa lekhaka- zrI gulAbacanda caudharI prakAzaka- pArzvanAtha bhAga 6 vidyAzrama, zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI-5 jaina siddhAnta bhAskara bhAga 2 lekhaka- zrIyuta cintAhastA cakravartI ema. e. (patrikA) kAvyatIrtha ArA dvArA prakAzita vikrama saMtava 1996 jIvana jyoti lekhaka- zrI guNasAgara sUrizvara jI.ma.sAheba, merutrayodazI prakAzaka- Aryarahita jaina tatva jJAna vidyApITha dvArA saMcAlita, zrI kalyANa sAgara sari grantha, prakAzaka kendra vI. saM. 2038,Arya saM. 803 dazarUpakam dhanikakRyA'valoka vyAkhyayA sametam , (samIkSAtmaka bhUmikA bhASAnuvAda vyAkhyA TippaNI sahita) sampAdaka- DA0 zrI nivAsa zAstrI prakAzaka- zikSA sAhitya ke mudraka evaM prakAzaka, subhASA bAjAra