Jain Dharm

Author(s): Sushilmuni
Publisher: A B Shwetambar Sthanakwasi Jain Shastroddhar Samiti
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010221/1

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jainAgamoM ke AdhAra para samanvayAtmaka vivecana - jaina dharma lekhaka: muni suzIla kumAra sahAyaka: AtmArthI mohana RSi jI mahArAja mahAsatI ujjvala kumArI jI prastAvanA lekhaka: anaMtazayanam AyaMgara adhyakSa lokasabhA, naI dillI prakAzaka a0bhA0 zve0 sthAnakavAsI jaina kAnphrasa bhavana, 12 leDI hADiMga roDa, naI dillI

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puraka : nyU iMDiyA presa, kanATa sarkasa, naI dillI : sarvAdhikAra surakSita mUlya : pAMca rupaye pani 2000 san 1958 vi0saM0 2015 vIra saM0 2484, zAke 1980

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zrI vardhamAna sthAnakavAsI jaina zramaNa saMgha ke prAcArya jainadharma divAkara, jainAgama ratnAkara zrI prAtmArAma jI mahArAja - kI sammati bahuta varSoM se aisI pustaka kI AvazyakatA anubhava kI jA rahI thI jo eka ajaina vyakti ko jaina siddhAMtoM * kA paricaya kraae| saMtoSa kA viSaya hai ki esa0 esa0 jaina kAnphresa ke karmaTha aura jaina dharma prabhAvaka ra kAryakartAoM ne isa ora dhyAna diyA hai aura jainadharma nAma kI pustaka taiyAra karavAI hai| pustaka maine AdyopAnta sunI hai| bhAva, bhASA aura zailI kI dRSTi se santoSaprada hai| varSoM se samAja ko jo kamI khaTaka rahI thI, AzA hai use pUrA karane me yaha pustaka meM sahAyaka siddha hogii| R WAsarestsASAwa

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mAramA PHARNADP anya sammatiyA~ bhAratIya gaNataMtra ke uparASTrapati, vizvavikhyAta dArzanika sarvapallI DAkTara rAdhAkRSNan mai dRDhatA pUrvaka kaha sakatA hU~ ki Aja ke yuga me rASTrIya evaM antarrASTrIya samasyAoM meM ahiMsA kA hamAre liye mahAn mUlya hai| phira bhI vAdhA yaha hai ki hama ahiMsA ke sambandha meM bAta karate hai, kintu ahiMsA ko jIvana meM nahIM utaarte| yadi yaha grantha (jaina dharma) pAThakoM ke anta karaNa meM ahiMsA kI pratiSThA kara saphA to yaha mahAntama kArya hogaa| nitambara 26-1958 naI dillI sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNana rASTra kavi zrI maithilIzaraNa gupta, ema0 pI0 zrI muni muzIla kumAra jI ne yaha grantha likha kara merI sammati me rASTra bhAratI ko eka ratna ko bheMTa do hai| isase jaina dharma kA vizvasanIya svarUpa mamAne meM nahAyatA milegii| phAraNa, yaha eka adhikArI vidvAn ke dvArA prastuta kiyA gayA hai| bIca-bIca meM ramaNIya uddharaNoM ne ise aura bhI smaraNIya banA dipA hai| maithilI zaraNa

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prastAvanA mai 'jainadharma', grantha kA abhinandana karate hue paramAnanda kA anubhava kara rahA hU~ kyoMki AdaraNIya suzIla kumAra jI jaise mahAmuni isa grantha ke lekhaka hai aura phira vidvAn evaM vidyArthI tathA sAtha hI sAmAnya mumukSu sajjano ke lie yaha grantha atyanta upAdeya hai| grantha kI bhASA sarala evaM sundara hindI rakhI gaI hai| muni suzIlakumAra jI svayaM saskRta ke eka prakANDa paNDita hai, unake jIvana me jainadharma kA tatvajJAna va jainadharma kA AcAradharma dono hI sAkAra ho uThe hai| jainadharma ke prasAra meM unhone apane (janasAdhu )jIvana kA utsarga kiyA hai| yaha grantha unhI ke dvArA nirmANa huA hai| ahisA jainadharma kA sarvocca siddhAnta hai| hisA ke vizvavyApI pracAra ke lie muni jI kRtasakalpa hI nahIM, apitu unake jIvana kA parama uddezya hai| Aja jagat dvitIya mahAyuddha ke uparAnta tRtIya zItayuddha kI AzaMkA se AkrAnta hai| mAnava jAti kI rakSA ke lie ahiMsA kI bhAvanA ko jagat aura jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM meM pratiSThApita karane ke lie koI kasara uThA nahIM rakhanI cAhie / ahiMsA ke sadbhAva se hI mAnavatA jIvita raha sakatI hai, zAnti saoNsa le sakatI hai aura vizva ko vidhvaMsa aura vinAza ke mahApralaya meM vilIna kara dene vAle zastro va astro se surakSita rakhA jA sakatA hai| yuddha evaM zastroM kA uttara ahiMsA hai| bhArata ke mahAna saMtoM jaise jainadharma ke tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva va bha0 mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko hameM par3hanA caahie| Aja unheM apane jIvana ma utArane kA sabase ThIka samaya A pahuMcA hai| kyoMki jainadharma kA tatvajJAna anekAnta (sApekSya paddhati) para AdhArita hai, aura jainadharma kA AcAra ahiMsA para pratiSThApita / jainadharma koI pArasparika vicAro, aihika va pAralaukika mAnyatAo para andha zraddhA rakhakara calane vAlA sampradAya nahI hai, vaha mUlataH eka vizuddha vaijJAnika dharma hai| usakA vikAsa evaM prasAra vaijJAnika DhaMga se huA hai| kyoMki jainadharma kA bhautika vijJAna, aura AtmavidyA kA kramika anveSaNa Adhunika vijJAna ke siddhAnto se samAnatA rakhatA hai| jainadharma ne vijJAna ke una sabhI pramukha siddhAnto kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| jaise ki padArtha vidyA, prANizAstra, manovijJAna, aura kAla, gati, sthiti, AkAza evaM tatvAnusaMdhAna / zrI jagadIza candra basu ne vanaspati me jIvana ke astitva ko siddha kara jainadharma ke pavitra dharmazAstra bhagavatI sUtra ke vanaspati kAyika jIvoM ke cetanatva ko pramANita kiyA hai| pratyeka dharma ne mAnava jAti ke lie naye-naye jJAnakSetro ko kholA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki pratyeka dharma apane Apa meM kucha asAdhAraNa vizeSatAoM se yukta

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hotA hai| jainadharma kI vizeSatA evaM mahAnatA anekAnta eva hisA ke sarvAGgINa vivecana para pratiSThita hai| sabhI dharma AtmA kI mukti para vizvAsa karate hai| janma evaM punarjanma ke bhava-bhramaNa se viyukta ho jAnA hI apanA parama dhyeya mAnate hai| jaisA ki mahAvIra svAmI ne sUtra kRtAMga meM batAyA hai ki :-- "nivAraNa seTThA jaha savva dhammA" arthAt sabhI dharmoM kA antima dhyeya mukti hai / jainadharma bhI nirvANa prApti ko hI dharma sAdhanA kA antima sAdhya mAnatA hai| aura isI uddezya ko siddhi ke nimitta usane mokSa mArga kA vidhAna kiyA hai| jo tIna siddhAntoM kA samanvita svarUpa hai / jaise ki samyak jJAna, samyak darzana, va samyak cAritra tInoM saMyukta rUpa me mokSa kA mArga hai| mujhe yaha dekhakara harSa huA hai ki zraddhaya muni suzIlakumAra jI ne yaha anya nazAstro ke AdhAra para taiyAra kiyA hai| jisase jainadharma ke prAmANika svarUpa ko saMkSipta eva surucipUrNa DhaMga se pAThaka prApta kara skeN| isa grantha kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki isakI sAmagrI digambara (SaTakhaNDAgam samayatAra, zrAvakAcAra Adi) evaM zvetAmvara (aMga, upAMga, mUla cheda, va jainAcAryo ke granya, umAsvAtI kA tatvArthasUtra) Agamo se saMcita kI gaI hai| samUcA grantha tIna khaNDo meM vibhAjita hai| jJAna khaNDa, darzana khaNDa, evaM cAritra khnndd| inhe kramazaH vargIkRta kara 13 adhyAyo me vibhakta kara diyA gayA hai| grantha meM jaina itihAsa va jaina saMskRti kA saMkSipta digdarzana bhI karAyA gayA hai| vidvAn lekhaka ne sAmpradAyika va vivAdAspada matabhedo ko grantha se dUra hI rakhA hai| lekhaka ne 'atIta kI jhalaka va jaina sabhyatA meM isa tathya ko adhika sundaratA se spaSTa kiyA hai ki jainadharma Aryadharma hai| jainadharma ke sabhI tIrthakara Arya the aura jainadharma kA purAnA nAma Arya dharma hI thaa| vaidika dharma, jainadharma ya vaddha dharma, Aryavarma ke hI aga hai / darzana eva siddhAnto ke dRSTikoNa se ye saba bhinna-bhinna hai, parantu ina saba kI saMskRti evaM pRSThabhUmi eka samAna hai| kyoki ina saba kA udgama sthAna mujhe isameM kicit bhI sandeha nahI ki isa grantha kA dhArmika kSetro meM svAgata kiyA jaayegaa| yaha grantha vidyArthiyoM evaM jijJAsuo ko mahAn jainadharma ke samajhane va unake prati dhAraNA banAne meM sahAyatA kregaa| mujhe vizvAsa hai ki parama adaraNIya muni sunIla kumAra jI mahArAja kA yaha jainadharma ke prasAra ke nimitta kiyA gayA gurutara prayAsa avazya suphala laayegaa| naI dillI, anaMtazayanama AyaMgara, aktUbara 1, 1958 // adhyakSa lokasabhA, naI dillI

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samarpaNA-patra zrI varddhamAna sthA0 jaina zramaNa saMgha ke AcArya zrI AtmArAma jI mahArAja tathA upAcArya zrI gaNezI lAla jI mahArAja ko sAdara samarpaNa vinayAvanata muni suzIla kumAra

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APA prAtma-nivedana jainAgamoM ke AdhAra para, jaina dharma ke sambandha meM sahI jAnakArI jagat ke vidvAnoM, dharma jijJAsuo va vidyArthiyo ke sAmane rakhane kI mere mana meM bahuta dera se mAkAMkSA rahI hai| a0 bhA0 zve0 sthAnakavAsI jaina kAnphreMsa ne ThIka isI Azaya kA eka prastAva pAsa kara isa prakAra kI jaina dharma para samatvayAtmaka pustaka likhane kA anurodha mere se va AtmArthI mohana RSi jI ma0evaM mahAsatI ujjvala kumArI jI se kiyA thaa| yaha mere mana kI bAta thii| maine bambaI ke nikaTa lonAvAlA jaina bandhuoM kI prArthanA svIkAra kara pArvatIya suramya vAtAvaraNa meM bahuta zIghra hI sArA masavidA taiyAra kara liyaa| cAra varSa ke bAda vaha pustaka Aja pAThakoM ke sAmane hai| mahAsatI jI dvArA preSita pustaka kA sahakAra evaM jaina samAja ke landha pratiSTha vidvAn zrI zobhAcandra jI bhArilla kA tampAdana isa pustaka ke saMvardhana meM sahayogI rahA hai| mere jaina dharma pustaka likhane kA Azaya zvetAmbara evaM digambara AgamoM ke mAdhAra para jaina samAja kI dhArmika ekatA ko protsAhana denA hai| aura sAtha hI sAya jaina dharma ke saMbaMdha meM phailAI gayI bhrAntiyo ko dUra kara jaina dharma kI gaharAiyoM kI ora bhI saMsAra kA dhyAna AkarSita karanA hai| pustaka meM 13 adhyAya hai, jaina itihAsa, jaina tatvajJAna, jaina samAja, jaina sabhyatA aura jainAcAra paddhati Adi sabhI kA paricaya isa pustaka meM zAstrIya AdhAra para dene kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| bhUleM honA svAbhAvika hai, jaina dharma jaise agAdha tatvajJAna evaM vizAla vAGamaya se paripUrNa dharma kA paricaya denA mere jaise anabhijJa gItArthI ke lie atyanta kaThina hai, kintu zraddhAvaza yaha merI premAJjali hai| ___anta meM mai jaina samAja ke karmaTha sevI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ananya upAsaka zrI kundanamala jI phirodiyA, sva0 zrI vinaya canda bhAI jauharI, AnandarAja surANA evaM sva0 zrI jagannAtha jI jainI ko bhUla nahIM sakatA jinakI utsAha bharI preraNAeM pustaka lekhana meM mujhe ullasita karatI rahI hai / --muni suzIla kumAra

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prakAzakIya ahiMsA Aja vizva-dharma hai| yuddha evaM vinAza ne ahiMsA ke mahatva ko jagat ke sAmane dhaulI-dhUpa kI taraha spaSTa kara diyA hai| vyakti evaM samaSTi ko surakSA, zoSaNahIna samAja kI kalpanA, nyAya va samAnatA ke mAnavIya siddhAnta ahiMsA ke binA kabhI sAkAra nahIM ho skte| gAdhI jI ke avataraNa ke bAda saMsAra ne ahiMsA ko khoja prAraMbha kI hai| kintu jaina-dharma ahiMsA kA saMdeza aura sAdhanA ko lie prAcInakAla se hI mAnava jAti kI sevA kara rahA hai| tathApi kheda hai ki jaina dharma ke udAra siddhAnto va maulika mAnyatAoM tathA divya dhAraNAoM aura alaukika gar3ha vidyAo kA lokavyApI pracAra na kiyA jA skaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki skUla-kAleja va vizva-vidyAlayoM meM par3hAI jAne vAlI pustakoM meM jaina dharma ko lekara aneka prakAra kI bhrAnta dhAraNAeM prasArita kI gaI hai| bhAratavarSa to ahiMsA pradhAna hai hI; parantu Aja samasta vizva ahiMsA aura zAnti kI ora jhAMka rahA hai, jainadharma meM ahiMsA kA sarvazreSTha svarUpa batAyA gayA hai, anyatra kahIM bhI ahiMsA kA aisA sUkSma aura virATa svarUpa nahIM milegaa| ataH a0 bhA0 zve0 sthAnakavAsI jaina kAMphreMsa ne jaina dharma ke maulika siddhAntoM ke paricaya ke rUpa meM eka sarvamAnya pustaka prakAzita karane ke sambandha meM prastAva pArita kiyA thaa| usI ke anusAra Aja "jaina dharma" pustaka ko prakAzita kara pAThakoM ko samarpita karate hue hameM apAra harSa ho rahA hai| pustaka ke lekhaka hai vizva-dharma sammelana ke preraka prasiddha saMta muni suzIlakumAra jI / sahakAra ke rUpa meM AtmArthI mohana RSi ma0 tathA mahAsatI ujjvalakumArI jI, unhI ke dvArA likhita jaina dharma pustaka ko isameM sahAyatA lI gaI hai| etadartha hama apanI tathA a0 bhA0 zve0 sthA jaina kAMphreMsa kI ora se unake AbhArI hai| muni suzIla kumAra jI ne atyanta kAryavyasta hone para bhI jo pustaka lekhana va saMzodhana sambandhI yoga diyA hai vaha sarAhanIya hai|

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isa pustaka meM kisI prakAra kI sAmpradAyikatA na Ave aura jaina siddhAntoM kA sarvamAnya paricaya mile, yahI dRSTi rakkhI gaI hai| jainoM ko apane dharma kA paricaya aura jJAna ho aura ajaino ko bhI jaina dharma kI jAnakArI mile yahI isa 'jaina dharma' pustaka kA dhyeya hai| 'jainadharma' kA adhika se adhika pracAra ho isa dRSTi se isa pustaka kA anuvAda gujarAtI, marAThI, tAmila Adi bhAratIya bhASAoM meM tathA aMgrejI, jarmanI, phrenca Adi videzI bhApAo meM bhI prakAzita karane kI hamArI bhAvanA hai| pustaka-sampAdana meM prasiddha paMDita zrI zobhAcandra jI bhArilla ne mahattvapUrNa yoga de kara hamArI cirakAlIna mahAn abhilASA pUrNa kI hai| etadarya ve dhanyavAda ke pAtra hai| hama zrI anaMtagayanam AyaMgara, adhyakSa loka sabhA ke atyaMta AbhArI haiM ki jinhoMne atyadhika kArya dhyastatA meM bhI isa anya kI prastAvanA likhane kI kRpA kii| prastAvanA meM jaina dharma ke prati unakI udArAzayatA hamAre liye spRhaNIya hai| inake atirikta zrI zAnti lAla vanamAlI seTha,zrI bhUparAja jaina ema0 e0, zrI jinendra mAnava, zrI somanAtha jozI zAstrI prabhAkara kA prUpha saMzodhana Adi kA samaya-samaya para diyA gayA sahayoga vismRta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa|| yadyapi azuddhiyoM kI ora se paryApta satarka rahA gayA, phira bhI kaI truTiyoM kA rahanA saMbhava hai| yadi pAThaka azuddhiyAM sUcita karane kA kaSTa kareMge to AgAmI saMskaraNa meM pariSkRta kI jA skeNgii| vinIta AnandarAja surANA (bhUtapUrva ema ela.e.) vijayAdazamI (Asoja 10 10) jasavaMtarAja mehatA, ema0pI0, vora saM0 2484 vi0 saM0 2015 / / saubhAgyamala jaina, (bhUtapUrva vitta maMtrI) tA0 21-10-58 dhIrajalAla kezavalAla turakhiyA, khImacanda maganalAla vorA maMtrI a0 bhA0 zve0 sthA0 jaina kAMphreMsa, naI dillI

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kahA~ kyA ? 1. maMgalAcaraNa 1. namaskAra, 2. magalapATha / 2. jainadharma kA svarUpa 3. atIta kI jhalaka 9-48 1. jaina dharma kA anAditva, 2. bhagavAn RSabhadeva, 3. upaniSado me jaina dharma, 4 purANo me jaina dharma, 5. jaina dharma ke tIrthakara, 6. bhagavAn neminAtha, 7. bhagavAn pArzvanAtha, 8. bhagavAn mahAvIra, 6. bhagavAn mahAvIra kA udAra sagha, 10. mahAvIra kI dena, 11. tatkAlIna dharma pravartaka, 12. gozAlaka, 13. mahAvIra aura buddha, 14. mahAvIra aura buddha me samAnatA aura vibhinnatA, 15. dono saskRtiyo kI mUla preraNA eka, 16. sAta ninhava aura anya vipakSI, 17 bhagavAn dvArA acelatva kI prazasA, 18. vaidika eva jaina saskRtiyA~, samanvayAtmaka vRtti meM paripUrNa, 16. anya dharmo para zramaNa-paramparA kI chApa, 20. prAcIna kAla me zramaNa-sasthA kA kapTa-sahana, 21. zramaNa aura pracAra, 22. mahAvIra aura bhArata kI tatkAlIna avasthA, 23. mahAvIra ke sAdhu, sevaka-senA, 24. loka-bhASA kA prazraya, 25. mahAvIra kI paramparA kI rakSA, 26. vizva ke nAma mahAvIra kA sandeza, 27. ziSya paramparA / 4. mukti-mArga 49-60 1. mukti kI paribhASA, 2. samyagdarzana, 3. samyagdarzana ke ATha aga--(ni zakita, nikAkSita, nirvicikitsA, amUr3ha dRSTitva, upavRhaNa, sthirI-karaNa, vAtsalya, prabhAvanA) /

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5. sanyA jJAna 61-112 1. samyag jJAna kA svarUpa-svarUpa, jJAna kI yathArthatA va ayathArthatA, jJAna ke bheda, jJAna kI pratyakSa parokSatA, matijJAna ke bheda, jJAna kA krama-vikAsa, zruta-jJAna, mati-zruta kA antara, zruta kA prAmANya, bheda, jainAcAryoM kI sAhitya sevA, avadhinAna, mana paryAya-jJAna, kevala jJAna / 2 vizva kA vizleSaNa (dravya vyavasthA)----dravya vyavasthA kA uddezya, dravya kyA hai, vizva kA mUla, pRthakkaraNa, jIvadravya, ajIva / 3. tattvacarcA--jIva, ajIva, puNya ke bheda, pApa, Asrava, savara, bandha, mokSa / 4. pramANa-mImAsA--pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama pramANa, upamAna pramANa / 5 nayavAda-naya kA svarUpa, naya kI satyatA, naya ke bhed| 6. anekAnta, 7 syAdvAda, 8 bhASA nIti-nikSepa vidhaan| 6. manovijJAna 113-133 1. idriyA~ (pAca), 2 idriyo ke viSaya, 3 mana, 4. lezyA (kRSNa lezyA, nIla lezyA, kApota lezyA, tejo lezyA, padma lezyA, zukla lezyA), 5 kaSAya--1 kaSAya kA artha-kapAya ke bheda 1 krodha, 2. abhimAna, 3. mAyA, 4. lobha / 7. jaina yoga 135-144 1 yoga / 2 jaina dharma me aSTAMga yoga-mahAvrata (yama), yogasagraha (niyama), kAyakleza (Asana), bhAvaprANAyAma (prANAyAma) pratisalInatA (pratyAhAra), dhAraNA (dhAraNA), dhyAna (dhyAna), samAdhi (smaadhi)| 3 dhyAna--prArtadhyAna, raudradhyAna, dharmadhyAna, (piNDastha dhyAna, padastha, rUpastha, rUpA tIta), zukla dhyAna 4. samAdhi / 8. bAdhyAtmika utkrAnti 147-153 1. caudaha guNasthAna--mithyAtva guNasthAna, sAsvAdana guNasthAna, mizra guNasthAna, avirata samyagdRSTi, dezavirati, sarvavirati guNasthAna, apramattasayata guNasthAna, apUrvakaraNa, anivRttikaraNa guNamyAna, sUkSma samparAya, upazAntamoha guNasthAna kSINamoha, sayogI kevalI, ayogI kevalI guNasthAna /

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9. karmavAda 155-173 1. jaina darzana meM karma kA sthAna - karma ke bheda (dravyakarma, bhAvakarma ), karmabandha ke do mukhya kAraNa, karmoM kA vargIkaraNa, karmo kA svabhAva (jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayukarma, nAmakarma, gotrakarma, antarAyakarma ), karmakSaya se lAbha, punarjanma kI prakriyA | 10. cAritra aura nItizAstra 1. dvividha dharma -- pragAra dharma, anagAra dharma, 2. vratavicAravrata kI paribhASA, vrata kI AvazyakatA, 3. mUlabhUtadoSa -- hiMsA, satya, zradattAdAna, maithuna, parigraha, 4 gRhastha dharma kI pUrva bhUmikA - saMgha kA vibhAjana, zrAvaka pada kA adhikAra, 5. gRhastha dharma, 6. aNuvrata - ahiMsANuvrata, satyANuvrata, acauryA - Nuvrata, brahmacaryANuvrata, parigraha-parimANa aNuvrata (guNavrata aura zikSAvrata ), 7. zrAvaka ke tIna prakAra -- pAkSika, naiSThika, sAdhaka, 8. jIvana nIti, 6. jIvana kA mUlAdhAra prahisA, 10. muni dharma, 11 pAMca mahAvrata, 12. pAca samiti, 13. tIna gupti, 14. anAcIrNa, 15. bAraha bhAvanAyeM, 16. cAra bhAvanA, 17, dazavidha dharma, 18. nirgantho ke prakAra, 16. Avazyaka kriyA, 20 sAdhanA kI kaThoratA, 21 sAghanA kA AdhAra, 22. mRtyukalA (salekhanAvrata ) / 175-217 11. jainadharma kI paramparA 219-230 1. jaina sampradAya, 2 bhArata ke AdhyAtmika nirmANa me jainAcAryoM kA yoga, 3 rAjAoM kA yogadAna, 4. maMtrI aura senApati, 5. jaina dharma kA prasAra / 12. jainavarsa ko vizeSatAe~ 231-242 1. jaina dharma kI vaijJAnikatA, 2 sRSTi racanA, 3 pRthvI kA AdhAra, 4 sthAvara-jIva, 5 lokottara- jJAna, 6 anekAnta dRSTi, 7. grahisA, 8 avatAravAda 6 guNapUjA, 10. aparigrahavAda |

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13. jana niSTAcAra 243-255 1 jaina gipTAcAra-deva aura guru ke prati, vandanApATha, zramaNo kA pArasparika ziSTAcAra, zrAvako kA pArasparika gipTAcAra, pati-patnI sambandhI, svAmI sevaka sambandhI 2 jaina parva--samvatsarI, dazalakSaNa parva., aNTAnhikA parva, Aya vila-oli parva, zrRta pacamI, mahAvIra jayantI, dIpAvalI, tathA salUno rakSAvadhana /

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maMgalAcaraNa namaskAramaMtra Namo arihaMtANaM, Namo siddhANa, Namo AyariyANaM / Namo uvajjhAyANaM, Namo loe savvasAhUNaM // (bhagavatI sUtra, pATha 1 / arthAt arhanto ko namaskAra ho, siddho ko namaskAra ho, prAcAryoM ko namaskAra ho, upAdhyAyo ko namaskAra ho, aura loka ke samasta sAdhujano ko namaskAra ho| maMgalapATha cattAri maMgalaM, arihaMtA maMgalaM, siddhA maMgalaM, sAhU maMgalaM, kevalipaNNatto dhammo mNglN| ___cattAri loguttamA, arihaMtA loguttamA, siddhA loguttamA, sAhU loguttamA, kevalipaNNatto dhammo loguttmaa| cattAri saraNaM pavajjAmi, arihiMtA saraNaM pavajjAmi, siddhAsaraNaM pavajjAmi, sAhUsaraNaM pavajjAmi, kevalipaNNatto dhammo saraNaM pavajjAmi / arthAt cAra maMgala hai -- 1. arhanta magala hai, 2. siddha magala hai, 3. sAdhu magala hai, 4. kevalI dvArA prarUpita dharma magala hai| loka meM cAra uttama hai -- 1. mahanta, loka me uttama hai, 2. siddha, loka meM uttama hai, 3 sAdhu, loka meM uttama hai, 4. kevalI dvArA prarUpita dharma, loka meM uttama hai / meM cAra zaraNa grahaNa karatA hU - 1. arhanta kI zaraNa grahaNa karatA hU, 2. siddha kI zaraNa grahaNa karatA hUM, 3. sAdhu kI zaraNa grahaNa karatA hU~, 4. kevalI dvArA prarUpita dharma kI zaraNa grahaNa karatA hai|

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***************************** AzIrvAda nANaNaM daMsaNeNaM ca caritteNaM taveNa ya / santIe muttie,baDDamANo bhavAhi ya // --uttarAdhyayana, a0 22, gA0 26 // * "sad jJAna, aTUTa niSThA, tathA cAritra bala ke sahAre * tapa, kSamA, aura nirlobhatA ke sambala se tuma sadA vRddhi pAte rhnaa|" ****************************

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.....0000.....00000000000000000..0.00 0000000000.00.000 ...................00000000............................. na hu jiNe ajja dissaI, bahumae dissaI maggadesie / saMpai neyAue pahe, samaya goyama mA pamAyae // buddhe parinivvuDe care, gAmagae nagareva sNje| saMtimangaM ca bUhae, samayaM goyama! mA pamAyae // -uttarAdhyayana, a0 10-pA0 31-36 / "he gautama ! mere nirvANa ke bAda loga kahege--nizcaya hI aba koI jina nahI dekhA jaataa|" para "he gautama ! merA upadiSTa aura vividha dRSTiyoM se pratipAdita mArga hI tumhAre lie pathapradarzaka rhegaa|" ___ grAma yA nagara jahA~ bhI jAno, vahA~ saMyata rahakara zAnti mArga kA prasAra karanA, ahiMsA mArga kA pracAra karanA kyoki : "zAnti" mArga para calane se hI dharma ke svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai|" .000.00.0000000000000000............................0000.... .........000.000...........000000........................ jaina dharma kA svarUpa

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jaina dharma kA svarUpa dharma ko lekara prAcIna kAla se hI cintako meM matabheda rahA hai| usI mata___ vividhatA kA phala yaha nikalA ki Aja jagata me dharma kI 2200 sampradAye astitva ma A cukI hai / aura bhI anya sampradAyoM kA nae-nae sampradAyo ke rUpa meM parivartana hotA calA jA rahA hai / mAnavajAti ke sAtha yaha kheda-janya ghaTanA prArambha se hI ghaTita hotI rahI hai, ki dharma kI zakti sadA se sAmpradAyiko ke hAtho kA khilaunA rahI hai aura vijJAna kI zakti rAjanItijJo ke izAro para nAcatI rahI hai| dharma aura vijJAna satya kA anusadhAna karate-karate manuSya ko mile hai| dharmoM ke anusadhAna kI janma-bhUmi eziyA hai| eziyA ke bhUkhaNDo se hI nikalI huI dharma kI dhArAgo ne samUce jagata ko prAplAvita kiyA hai / bhAratavarSa dharma ke anusaMdhAna me sabase Age hai / jaina, vaidika aura bauddha-dharma kI dhArAeM isI deza se nikalI hai, yadyapi joMstha, yahUdI, IsAI, islAma-dharma kI paramparAe~ IrAna, pailesTAina aura araba ke jana-mAnasa se prasphuTita huI hai aura lAprotse tAo aura kanphyUziyasa tathA sinto dharma kI dhArAgo ne cIna aura jApAna ko dharma kA pATha paDhAyA hai| jagata ke ina tamAma dharma-pravartako ne aisA kabhI nahI kahA ki hama eka nayA dharma pravartita kara rahe hai, apitu una saba ne eka hI svara me udghoSita kiyA hai

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jaina dharma ki hama usI eka akhaNDa satya ko prakaTa kara rahe hai jo trikAlAbAdhita rUpa se sadA vidyamAna rahA hai| ____ bhagavAna mahAvIra kahate hai --"jo jina arhanna bhagavanta bhUtakAla meM hue, vartamAnakAla meM haiM, bhaviSya me hoge una sabakA eka hI gAzvata dharma hogA, eka hI dhruva prarUpaNA hogI aura vaha yaha ki "sabbe jIvA na hantavA' kisI jIva kI himA mata karo, kisI ko mata satAyo aura na kisI ke parAdhIna bano, evaM na kisI ko parAdhIna vnaayo|" ____ bhagavAn buddha ne kahA -"bhikSuko maine eka prAcIna rAha dekhI hai, eka aisA prAcIna mArga jo ki prAcInakAla ke arihanto dvArA apanAyA gayA thA, maiM usI para calA aura calate hue mujhe kaI tatvo kA rahasya milA / " Rgveda kA mantra hai -"eka sada viprA bahudhA vadanti" "mat eka hai, vidvAn aneko prakAra se usakA pratipAdana karate hai|" jagata ke samasta dharma, dharma nahI hai apitu dharma kI vyAkhyAye hai, pUrNa satya nahI hai, satya kI khoje hai / ye saba satya ke anusadhAna hai| samanvita rUpa meM akhaNDa satya kA diDanirdeza karate hai| __ jainadharma use hI anekAnta dharma kahatA hai, vahI pUrNa hai aura mAzvata he kyoki anekAnta meM aikAntika Agraha nhiiN| aAgraha kA yaha phala huA ki Aja dharma kI sAta sI vyAkhyAye hamAre bhAratavarSa me upalabdha hai, kintu ve saba eka dUsare se bhinna hai aura unake mAnane vAle bhI bhinnatA kI ora bahe jA rahe hai| dharma ke usa paramaMkya aura asahamata sagama se hama dUra hote jA rahe hai / nizcita hai, ekapakSIyatA adhUrepana ko sadA se janma detI AI hai, anyathA dharmoM kA matabheda aura vivAda Agraha para khaDA na hokara svarUpa para khar3A hotA, satya aura tattva para AdhArita hotA / vastuta svarUpa se samasta dharma eka hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane yuga ke 363 dharmoM kA varNana kiyA hai jinameM kucha kriyAvAdI aura kucha vinayavAdI, evaM kucha ajJAnavAdI sampradAye thii| para unameM namanvaya nahIM thA, yahI eka sabase baDI bhUla rahI hai ki dharma ke eka pakSa para hama vala de dete haiM aura dUsare pakSa se hama pIche raha jAte hai| isI se AgrahavRtti kA udaya hotA hai| sthAnAga sUtra ke dvitIya sthAna me bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vatAyA hai ki dharma ke do pakSa hai- eka zruta aura dUsarA caaritr| 1. zruta ke tIna prakAra hai ----samyak zruta, nayazruta, mithyAzruta / nyAyAvatAra / /

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jaina dharma kA svarUpa zruta kA artha jJAna aura cAritra kA artha sadAcAra hai / jJAna ka dvArA vikAsa aura uddezya ko khoja karanA, prApti ke mArga DhUDhanA, aura cAritra kA artha hai--ki una samyagmArgoM para calakara lakSya-siddhi prApta karanA / khoja ke lie prakAza cAhie vaha jJAna detA hai, aura sadAcAra hame nirvANa detA hai| isI ko zruta-dharma ke sahAyaka rUpa me grAma-dharma, nagara-dharma Adi ke dasa bhedo' ko bhI dharma kA rUpa diyA gayA hai| dharma kA vAstavika uddezya bahirmukhatA se jhe antarmukhI banAnA hai / hamArA sarvasva zarIra nahI, yAtmA hai / zarIra kA sukha kAmya sukha hai, kintu hamArA apanA sukha kAmya sukha nahI ho sakatA kyoki vaha nAgazIla hai / isIlie jagata ke ve tamAma dharma jo hame bali ke dvArA athavA yajJa ke dvArA svargIya sukho kA AzvAsana vadhAte hai, ve AdhyAtmika mAnanda ke paramoddezya ko prApta karane vAle sAdhako ke lie grAhya nahIM hai| unako to AtmA kA Ananda caahie| Ananda aura sukha me yahI sabase vaDA antara hai ki sukha aindriya hotA hai aura Ananda AdhyAtmika / AdhyAtmika Ananda nitya, zAzvata aura 'dhruva' hai| Ananda kI prApti meM sabase bar3I bAdhA svabhAva-viparItatA aura vibhAvo kI pradhAnatA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pharmAyA hai ki "ajAna se mithyAtva aura mithyAtva se avrata aura avrata se pramAda eva pramAda se kaSAya ya saba vibhAva ha, ina vibhAvo ne hI AtmA ke asIma Ananda aura ananta jJAna ko daboca liyA hai|" jaba taka AtmA apane svarUpa ko pA nahI letI taba taka use jagata kI viphalatA ko anubhava karanA hI paDegA, bhava-bhramaNa kI vyAdhi me grasta honA hI paDegA / " zramaNa mahAvIra kahate hai-"vatthusahAvo-dhammo" vastu kA svabhAva hI dharma hai, arthAt prAtmA ke naisargika svarUpa ko pA lenA hI dharma hai, dharma AtmA kA sagIta hai| caitanya ke Urdhvagamana kI vRtti hI dharma kI jananI hai| dharma kA varNana vANI se nahI apitu anubhava se hI ho sakatA hai, prAtmA kI viveka aura caitanya zakti ne hI dUsare prAkRtika padArtho se bhinna amaratA kI ora prerita kiyA hai| kartavya aura Adarza kI vyAkhyAe~ dI hai, dukha nivRtti aura nirvANa prApti hI hamAre dharma kI lakSyasiddhi hai / AtmA ko karmANugo kI dhUla ne Dhaka diyA hai| ina karmoM ke bandhano ko pahicAno aura toDa do| bandhano ko pahicAnane ke lie jAna kI, aura banvano ko toDane ke lie cAritra kI AvazyakatA 1. sthAnAMga sthAna, 10

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jaina dharma hai| cAritra-rUpa-dharma kI vyAkhyA karate hue bhagavAn ne kahA ki - " grahamA sayama aura tapa hI dharma kA svarUpa hai / vaha utkRSTa aura maMgala hai / " grahitA ke viSaya meM hame sAvadhAnI se kAma lenA paDegA kyoki ahisA ke do prakAra hai-- eka niSedhaka aura dUsarA vidhAyaka / -and hiMsA kA niSedhaka rUpa Atmagata samasta prakAra ke doSoM kA zamana karatA hai aura vidhAyaka rUpa mithyAtva se samakita suvrata, zrapramAda, zrakapAya aura zubha yoga kI ora prerita karatA hai| mAnava ko grazubha se zubha kI ora tathA zubha se zuddha (prazasta zubha ) kI ora le calanA hI jainadharma kA uddezya hai aura grahasA usakI pUrti kA sAdhana hai / saba jIva jInA cAhate hai, ahiMsA unako amaratA detI hai / prazna vyAkaraNa-mUtra meM bhagavAn ne kahA hai : "grahasA samasta jagata ke lie pathapradarzaka dIpaka hai, DUbate prANI ko sahArA dene ke lie dvIpa hai, trANa hai, zaraNa hai, gati hai, pratiSThA hai, yaha bhagavatI ahiMsA bhayabhIto ke lie garaNa hai, pakSiyo ke lie grAkAzagamana ke samAna hitakAriNI hai aura pyAmo ko pAnI ke samAna hai| bhUkho ko bhojana ke samAna hai / samudra meM jahAja ke samAna hai, rogiyo ke lie auSadhi samAna hai, yahI nahI; bhagavatI ahisA inase bhI adhika kalyANakAriNI hai / yaha pRthvI, pAnI, agni, vAyu, vanaspati, vIja, harita, jalacara, sthalacara, nabhacara, basa, sthAvara Adi samasta prANiyo ke lie maMgalamaya hai / (prazna vyAkaraNa prathama savara dvAra) ni. sandeha ahiMsA hI mAtA ke samAna samasta prANiyoM kA sarakSaNa karane vAlI, pApa aura satApa kA vinAza karane vAlI aura jIvanadAyinI hai | ahiMsA amRta hai, amRta kA akSaya kopa hai aura hiMsA garala hai, garala kA bhaNDAra hai / " vyakti, samAja evaM rASTra ke jIvana me ahiMsA kI mAtrA jitanI - jitanI car3hatI jAyegI, sukha-zAnti eva sthAyI kalyANa kI mAtrA bhI utanI - utanI hI vaDhatI jAyegI / isake viparIta, jyoM-jyo hiMsA vikarAla rUpa dhAraNa karegI, jagata kA ghora vyakti kA jIvana azAnta, satapta, aura vyAkula dukhI hotA jAegA / hai prazna hotA hai -- jIvana me grAhasA kI pratiSThA kisa prakAra kI jA sakatI isakA uttara hai --sayama ke dvArA / isIlie ahiMsA ke pazcAt dharma kA dUsarA rUpa sayama batalAyA gayA hai| saMyama kA artha hai indriyo kA aura mana kA damana karanA arthAt unhe grAtmavagIbhUta karanA aura himApravRtti se bacAtA / sa

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jaina dharma kA svarUpa eka zAntA hai| ahiMsA sAdhya aura saMyama sAdhana hai| saMyama ke anuSThAna se hI ahiMsA kI sAdhanA sambhava hotI hai| jisane apanI indriyo ko ucchRkhala chor3a diyA hai mana ko belagAma kara rakhA hai aura jo prANiyo ke prati sahAnubhUtizIla nahIM hai, vaha asaMyamI ahiMsA kA pAlana nahIM kara sktaa| saMyama do prakAra kA hai-indriya-saMyama aura prANI-saMyama / indriyo aura mana ko apane-apane viSayo me pravRtti karane se roka kara Atmonmukha karanA indriyasaMyama hai aura SaTkAya ke jIvoM kI hiMsA kA tyAga karanA prANI-sayama hai| zAstro meM sattaraha prakAra kA jo saMyama pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, usakA sAra isI me A jAtA hai / / ___saMyama ke pazcAta dharma kA tRtIya rUpa prakaTa kiyA gayA hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki saMyama kI sAdhanA ke lie tapasyA anivArya hai| tapasyA kA artha icchAnirodha hai / manuSya kI icchAye apAra, asIma, aura ananta hai / unakI lAlasA pUrI karane ke lie Apa dauDege to daur3ate hI clege| kintu vaha tRSNA pUrI nahI ho sakatI aura ApakI daur3adhUpa samApta ho nahIM sktii| icchApUrti ke lie Apako asayama ke pApa-patha para calanA anivArya hogA aura vahA~ hiMsA-dAnavI Apako apanA lakSya banA legii| kA~To se bacane ke lie Apa sampUrNa bhUmaDala ko camar3e se maDha nahIM skte| buddhimAn manuSya apane pairo meM hI jUtA pahana letA hai| isI prakAra icchApro kI pUrti karanA asaMbhava hai, ataeva icchAo para niyatraNa kara lenA hI Apake lie ekamAtra sukhaprada mArga hai| yahI tapa kA mArga hai| taponuSThAna se manuSya saMyamazIla banatA hai aura sayamazIlatA se ahisA kI pratiSThA hotI hai / jisa vyakti ke antaratara me ahisA, sayama aura tapa kI triveNI nirantara bahatI rahatI hai, usakI AtmA itanI nirmala, niSkaluSa aura nirvikAra ho jAtI hai ki devatA bhI usake caraNo meM praNAma karake apane ko dhanya mAnate hai / ____eka jainAcArya ne jainadharma kA svarUpa pratipAdana karate hue batalAyA hai .--- "jahA~ anekAnta dRSTi se tattva kI mImAMsA kI gaI hai, arthAt pratyeka vastu ke aneka pahalupro kA vicAra karake sampUrNa satya kI anveSaNA kI gaI hai, khaNDita satyAMzoM ko akhaMDa svarUpa pradAna kiyA gayA hai, jahA~ kisI prakAra ke pakSapAta ko avakAza nahIM hai, arthAt zuddha satya kA hI anusaraNa kiyA jAtA hai aura jahA~ kisI bhI prANI ko pIDA pahucAnA pApa mAnA jAtA hai, vahI jainadharma hai|

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jaina dharma AcAra sambandhI ahisA, vicAra sambandhI ahiMsA arthAt satya evaM svAdAda kA sammilita svarUpa hI jainadharma hai|" jaina-dharma vijetAo kA dharma hai kyoki vaha rAgadveSa ke jItane vAle jina bhagavAn dvArA pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| karma-malalpa ariyo kA nAza karane ke kAraNa arihanta devo dvArA pratipAdita hone se ise nirgranya dharma bhI kahA gayA hai| zrImadbhAgavat me paramahasa dharma aura kaivalya-zruti meM ise yati-dharma kahA gayA hai| isa avasarpaNika kAla me bhagavAn RSabhadeva isake Adi pravartaka the aura bhagavAn mahAvIra 24 ve tiirthkr| yuga-yuga se java jIvana apane prAtmasvarUpa ko bhUla jAtA hai to arihanta vA AdvANI hame ahiMsA, sayama, tapa aura samanvaya kA udbodhana dete Ae haiM / vaha divasa dhanya hogA jisa dina hame jJAna, darzana, cAritra ke dvArA hama apane hI antara me mUrchita paramAtmA ko jAgRta kara sakege aura asIma Ananda eva ananta jJAna ko prApta kara skege| saccA yajJa tavo joI jIvo joiThANaM, jogA suyA saroraM kaarisNg| kammehA saMjama jogasantI, homaM huNAmi isiNaM pasatyaM // uttarAdhyayana0 12, gA0 44 / / he gautama ! tapa agni hai, jIva jyoti sthAna hai / mana, vacana, kAyA ke yoga kur3achI hai, zarIra kAripAga hai, karma iMdhana hai, sayama bhoga zAnti pATha hai| aise hI homa se maiM havana karatA huuN| RSiyo ne aise hI homa ko prazasti kahA hai|

Page #27
Live and Let Live jIvo aura jIne do ......ACOC0.......csc.scenesce se bemi, jeya aIyA, jeya paDuppannA, jeya AgamissAarihaMtA bhagavanto te savve eva mAikkhanti eva bhAsaMti eva paNaviti evaM paruvaMti - savve pANA, sabve bhUyA, savve jIvA, savve sattA, Na haMtavvA Na ajjAveyavvA Na parighitavvA Na paritAveyavvA Na kilAmeyavvA, uddaveyavvA, esa dhamme suddhe yie - sAsae samicca loyaM kheyanne hi paveie / - AcArAMga, a0 1, u0 1 / - .......ooo zramaNa mahAvIra kahate hai : - " mai kahatA hU~ ki jo atIta, vartamAna aura bhaviSyakAla meM arihata bhagavAn the, haiM, aura hoMge, ve saba isI prakAra kA upadeza, bhASaNa, pravacana aura pratipAdana karate the, kara rahe hai aura kareMge ki :-- sabhI jIvo ko apane samAna bhUta - jIva tathA satva ko mata mAro, samajha kara kisI bhI prANI gulAma mata banAo, pIr3A mata pahu~cAo aura kisI ko bhI satApa mata do aura na kisI ko udvigna kro| " yahI dharma dhruva hai, zAzvata hai aura nitya hai / 0008000.......scoes......................OODFOR atIta kI jhalaka oooooooo

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Page #29
pratIta kI jhalaka jaina dharma na to kisI dharmapravartaka puruSa ke nAma se pracalita huA hai aura na kisI pustaka ke nAma se / vaha to jino dvArA upadiSTa dharma hai| isa bhUtala para sadA kAla se jina hote A rahe hai, ataeva jainadharmaM kaba pracalita huA, yaha batalAnA sambhava nahI / pAzcAtya vidvAn pAdarI rAisa DeviDa ke zabdo me yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaba se yaha pRthvI hai, tabhI se jainadharma vidyamAn hai / phira bhI samaya-samaya para hone vAle tIrthakaro - jino dvArA usakA upadeza diyA jAtA hai aura vaha nUtana rUpa meM prakAza me AtA hai, isa dRSTi se use Adi bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| ananta jIva dharma kA anusaraNa karake apanA kalyANa kara cuke haiM, ananta jIva apanA uddhAra karege, aura aneka jIva kara rahe hai / dharma kA maMgala dvAra sadaiva khulA rahatA hai / phira bhI krUra kAla ke prabhAva se dharma kA patha kabhI-kabhI kahI-kahI avaruddha ho jAtA hai / use jina bhagavAn punaH pariSkRta karate haiM / yaha krama anAdi kAla se calA A rahA hai aura ananta kAla taka calatA rahegA / jainadharma me kAla paramparA vaidikadharma ke cAra yugo (satya, dvApara, tretA tathA kaliyuga ) kI bhA~ti mUlata: do bhAgo me vibhAjita kI gaI hai -- utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI / utsarpiNIkAla, vikAsakAla hai / isa kAla me jIvo ke bala, vIrya,

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12 jaina dharma puruSArtha, zarIra umra zrAdi kI tathA bhautika padArthoM meM rasa Adi kI vRddhi nirantara hotI rahatI hai / gravasarpiNIkAla hrAsakAla hai| ina gravanatimIlavAla me ukta bAto me nirantara hAni hotI calI jAtI hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki du.kha se sukha kI ora le jAne vAlA kAla utsarpiNIkAla aura sukha se dukha ( vRddhi me hrAsa) kI ora le jAne vAlA kAla avasarpiNIkAla kahalAtA hai / yaha dono kAla milakara kAlacakra kahalAte haiN| yaha sRSTi rUpI zakaTa ke do cakra hai| jaise gAr3I ke cakra meM Are bane rahate haiM aura ve usa cakra ko vibhakta karate haiM, usI prakAra utsarpiNI aura gravasarpiNI kAla me chancha. prAre hote hai / ina cAro kA kAlamAna sakhyAtIta varSo kA hotA hai / cha ro ke guNanippanna nAma rakhe gae hai. (1) sukhamA sukhamA atyanta sukharUpa / (2) sukhamA sukharUpa | (3) sukhamA dukhamA sukha-dukha rUpa / (4) dukhamA mukhamA dukha-sukha rUpa / (5) dukhamA dukha rUpa aura (6) dukhamA dukhamA, catyanta dukha rUpa / yaha avarsApaNIkAla ke cAro kA krama hai / utsarpiNIkAla ke cha yAro kA krama isase viparIta hai / vaha dukhamA sukhamA se prArambha hokara sukhamA sukhamA para samApta hotA hai / pratyeka uttarpiNI aura gravasarpiNI kAla me cauvIsa jina tIryaM - kara hote haiM / vaha pracalita yA luptadharma ko puna pracalita karate hai / isa samaya avasarpiNIkAla cala rahA hai aura hama loga usake pA~cave Are me gujara rahe hai / sukha dukha nAma ke cAre me dharmatIrthaMkaro kA janma hotA hai / isa avasarpiNIkAla ke tIsare Are me Adi tIrthakara bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA avataraNa huA / isI zrAre ke tIsa varpa aura sADhe prATha mAsa zeSa rahate unakA nirvANa ho gayA / zrImadbhAgavata aura manusmRti ke anusAra bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA janma manu kI pA~cavI pIDhI me huA thA / gaNanA karane para vaha kAla prathama satayuga kA antima caraNa nikalatA hai / usa satayuga ke bAda zrAja taka 28 satayuga bIta cuke hai / brahmA jI kI Ayu kA bhI bahuta-sA bhAga samApta ho cukA hai /

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atIta ko salaka ina ullekha ne bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke janma kI prAcInatA kA samarthana hotA bha0 rupamadeva ke pazcAt cauve prAre me gepa 23 tIrthakara hue hai, jiname bhagavAna mahAvIra pantima the| prathama pIra antima tIrthakara kA kAlika antara jainazAstro me koTi-koTi sAgara batalAyA gayA hai| nAgara (prakAzavarSa kI taraha) sakhyAtIta varSoM ke samUha kI sajA hai| isa avapiNI yuga meM jainadharma ke prAdi praNetA samAjasraSTA aura nItinirmAtA bhagavAn RSabhadeva hue hai| bhagavAn RSabhadeva bhUtakAla kI bAta hai| bhUtakAla bhI itanA purAnA ki vahA~ itihAsa kI pahaca nahIM / usa samaya isa bharatakSetra meM na dharma thA, na parivAra-prathA thI, na samAjavyavasthA thI, na rAjyagAsana thA, na nIti aura na kalA kA udbhava huA thaa| usa samaya kI prajA vRkSo ke phalo para avalambita thI, jinhe kalpavRkSa kI maMjA pradAna kI gaI hai| jainagAstro me vaha yugalakAla ke nAma se prasiddha hai, kyoki manuSya kA manupya ke sAtha agara koI samparka thA to vaha nara aura nArI kA hI thaa| bhagavAn Rpabhadeva ke pitA mahArAja nAbhi ye jo isa kAla ke antima kulakara ye| unakI mAtA kA nAma marudevI thA / yugalika sabhyatA meM hI unakA bAlyakAla vyatIta huaa| kAlacakra tejI ke sAtha ghUma rahA thaa| prakRti meM AmUla parivartana ho rahA thaa| mAnavaprakRti me bhogalipsA kA vikAsa ho rahA thaa| aura bhautika prakRti kI phaladAyinI zakti kA hrAsa ho rahA thaa| isa dohare parivartana ke kAraNa pahalI vAra azAnti kA udbhava huaa| jo vRkSa usa samaya kI prajA ke jIvananirvAha ke mAdhana the, ve paryApta phala nahIM dete the aura kRSikarma Adi se loga anabhijJa the| isa paristhiti meM eka bhArI prANa sakaTa A upasthita hyaa| usa saMkaTa kA mAmanA karane ke lie yugAnukUla jo nUtana vyavasthA kI gaI, usane bhogabhUmi ko karmabhUmi me pariNata kara diyA / guNa-karma ke AdhAra para bha0 Rpabhadeva ne mAnavavyavasthA kI ora karma

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jaina dharma puruSArtha para khar3A karake manupya ko svAvalambI banA diyaa| prajA ke hita ke lie lekha, gaNita, nRtya, gIta, sau prakAra kI gilpa-kalA Adi, bahattara kalAeM puruSo kI aura causaTha kalAe~ striyo kI nirmANa kii| (jambUdvIpapranapti, RSabha carita:) sarvaprathama apanI putrI brAhmI ko lipi kI zikSA dI aura isa kAraNa vaha lipi Ajataka brAhmI lipi ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| kRSi, go-pAlana, bhANDanirmANa Adi samasta karma, utpAdana tathA vitaraNa vyavasthA sava bhagavAn Rpabhadeva kI hI dena hai| ____Rpabhadeva jI kI sunandA aura sumagalA nAmaka do patniyAM thii| donoM se do kanyAno aura sau putro kA janma huA / jiname do bharata aura bAhubalI vizeSa vikhyAta hue| lokajIvana kI suvyavasthA karane ke pazcAt prajA kA bhAra apane putro ko saupa kara bhagavAna RSabhadeva parigraha se vimukta ho dIkSita ho ge| eka hajAra varSa taka nirantara kaThora tapazcaraNa karane ke pazcAt ve jina vItarAga evaM pUrNa jJAnI ho gae / tatpazcAt unhone samAja-vyavasthA kI taraha dharmavyavasthA karake mAnava-jIvana ko eka prazasta aura uccatara dhyeya pradAna kiyaa| gRhastho ke lie aNuvrato kA tathA sAvupro ke lie mahAvrato kA upadeza diyaa| bhagavAn ke dharmopadeza kI vaha vimala srotasvinI ati dIrgha mArga ko pAra karatI huI Ajataka pravAhita ho rahI hai| ____ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko vaidikadharma gratho me bhI paramocca pada prApta huA hai aura Rgveda me aneka sthalo para unakA nAmmollekha huA hai aura unakI stuti kI gaI hai| eka jagaha likhA hai- "he RSabhanAtha samrAT ! sasAra meM jagatarakSaka vrato kA pracAra kro| tumhI isa akhaNDa pRthvImaNDala ke sAra ho, tvacA rUpa ho, pRthvItala ke bhUSaNa ho, aura tumane hI apane divyajJAna dvArA AkAza ko nApA hai|" (Rgveda mU0 a03) kahane kI AvazyakatA nahI hai ki Rgveda ke isa mantra me bhagavAn ko vratavarma kA pracAraka aura ananta jAnI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| anyAnya sthalo para bhI unakI atyanta bhaktimaya stuti kI gaI hai| unake vratavarma kA bhI vahA~ ullekha milatA hai| zrImadbhAgavata me kahA hai- "he parIkSita / sampUrNa loka, deva, brAhmaNa aura gau ke parama guru bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA yaha vizuddha cAritra maine tumhe sunAyA hai| yaha cAritra manuSyoM ke samasta pApo ko haraNa karane vAlA hai|"

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atIta kI jhalaka bhAgavatakAra ne bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai aura unake upadezo kA gagaha bhI kiyA hai / unhone apabhadeva dvArA upadiSTa dharma ko paramahaMla-dharma aura bhagavAn ko ahaMnta batalAyA hai / ve kahate hai-"nAbhi rAjA ne saMsAra me dharma-vRddhi ke lie mokSa-prApti aura apavarga ko pathapradarzana ke lie apatyakAmanA kI, aura arihanta bhagavAn ko avatarita karane ke lie yana kiyA / " bAhANo aura Rpiyo ne rAjA kI kAmanA jAnakara uttara diyA-"mahArAja! yadi Apa arhana cAhate ho to avazya ApakI kAmanA pUrNa hogii|" phira brAhmaNo ne paramAtmA se prArthanA kI, paramAtmA ne brAhmaNoM kI prArthanA svIkAra kI aura arhan bhagavAn ko bhejaa| ____ "grahana nAma-rUpa prakRti ke guNo se nirlepa, anAsakta tathA moha se asaMspRSTa hote hai aura mokSa tathA apavarga kA mArga batalAte hai|" ___"Rpabhadeva AtmasvabhAvI the| anarthaparamparA (hiMsA Adi pApa) ke pUrNa tyAgI the| ve kevala apane hI Ananda meM lIna rahate tathA apane hI svarUpa meM vicaraNa krte|" "Rpabhadeva sAkSAt Izvara the| ve sarva samatA rakhate, sarva prANiyo se mitrabhAva rakhate aura sarva prakAra dayA karate the|" zrImadbhAgavata ne ucca svara se udghoSita kiyA hai ki usa RSabhadeva bhagavAn kA jyeSTha aura zreSThI guNI bharata nAmaka putra thA / vaha bhArata kA prAdi samrATa thA aura usI ke nAma se isa rASTra kA nAma "bhAratavarSa" par3A hai| bharata ko sampUrNa rAjya mila gayA, kintu 68 putrI ko kucha bhI nahIM milaa| ve udvigna hokara paramayogI RSabhadeva ke pAsa gae aura unake sAmana rAjyacintA kA zoka prakaTa kiyaa| bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne una 68 putro kI rAjya ke prati Asakti dekhakara vahuta hI gambhIra, marmasparzI aura kalyANakArI upadeza diyaa| usakA mUla ke anusAra sAra yaha hai :--- 1. he putro! mAnavIya saMtAno ! saMsAra meM zarIra hI kaSToM kA ghara hai| yaha bhogane yogya nahI hai| ise mAdhyama banAkara divya tapa karo jisase ananta sukha kI prApti hotI hai| tapa se anta karaNa-zuddhi aura anta karaNa-zuddhi se brahmAnanda prApta hotA hai|

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jaina dharma 2. he putro ! satpuruSo ke manAcAra se prIti karanA hI mokSa kA dhruda hAra hai| jo loka me aura naMsAra vyavahAra me prayojana mAtra ke lie Amaktikatrtavyabuddhi rakhatA hai, vahI samadI pranAnta sAdha hai| 1. jo indriyo aura prANo ke mukha ke lie nayA vAmanA-tRpti ke lie parizrama karatA hai, use hama acchA nahIM maante| kyoki garIra kI mamatA bhI yAtmA ke lie klezadAyaka hai| 4. sAdhu jaba taka Atmasvalpa ko nahIM jAnatA, taba taka vaha kucha nahIM jaantaa| vaha korA anAnI hai| jaba taka vaha karmakANDa (yana yAdi) me phaMsA rahatA hai, taba taka AtmA aura garIra kA saMyoga chUTanA nahIM hai / aura mana ke dvArA karmoM kA vandha bhI rukatA nahIM hai| 5 jo sajJAna prApta karake bhI sadAcAra kA pAlana nahIM karate ve vidvAn pramAdI bana jAte haiN| manuSya anAna bhAva se hI maithuna-bhAva meM praveza karatA hai aura aneka saMtApo ko prApta karatA hai| 6 nara kA nArI ke prati kAmabhAva hI hRdaya kI graMthi hai| isI ke kAraNa jIba kA ghara, kheta, putra-kuTumba aura dhana se AkarSaNa hotA hai| mohAsakti bar3hatI hai| 7. jaba hRdaya-prathi ko banAe rakhane vAle mana kA badhana githila ho jAtA hai, tava jIva ina sasAra se chUTane lagatA hai aura mukti prApta kara parama loka meM pahuMca jAtA hai| 8. sAra-prasAra kA bheda jAnane vAlA jIva vItarAga puraSa kI bhakti karatA hai| bhakti me anAnAnvakAra naSTa ho jAtA hai| taba jIva tRSNA, sukha-duHkha kA tyAga kara tatva ko jAnane kI icchA karatA hai tathA tapa ke dvArA mava prakAra kI cepTAyo kI nivRtti karatA hai| tabhI AtmA karmo kA nAza karake mukti prApta karatA hai| 6. vipayo kI abhilASA hI anvakapa ke samAna naraka me jIva ko paTakana vAlI hai| 10 he putro / jo heyopAdeya kI viveka dRSTi se anya haiM, aura kAmanAyo ne paripUrNa hai, vaha saMsArI kanyANa ke mUlapatha ko nahIM pahacAna sktaa| 11 jo purapa buddhi ko moha meM ulajhAkara aura kubuddhi vanakara unmArga para calatA hai, dagalu vidvAn ume kabhI bhI unmArga para nahIM calane dete|

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atIta kI jhalaka 12. he putro ! jo sthAvara aura jagama jIvo kI AtmA ko bhI mere samAna hI samajhatA hai aura karmAvaraNa ke bheda ko pahacAnatA hai, vahI dharma prApta karatA hai| dharma kA mUla tatva samadarzana hai| 13 jo sAdhaka yamo (mahAvrato) ko grahaNa karatA hai aura adhyAtma-yoga vivikta sevA dvArA prAtmasvarUpa sthiti kA jJAna karatA hai, zraddhA aura brahmacarya dvArA usakA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai, vaha apramAdI sAdhaka mukti ke nikaTa' pahuMcatA hai| 14 jo sarvatra vicakSaNatApUrvaka jJAna, vijJAna, yoga, dhairya, udyama tathA satva se mukta hokara vicaraNa karatA hai, vahI kuzala hai aura vahI merA anuyAyI hai| 15. karmAgaya ko vidhvaMsa karane ke lie hRdaya-prathi ko naSTa karo, yahI baMdha kA kAraNa hai / avidyA se hI vaya hotA hai / pramAda karmabaMdha me sahAyaka hotA hai| 16. isa AtmA kI apane kalyANa kI dRSTi naSTa ho gaI hai aura vaha svArtha ke pIche pAgala ho gayA hai / putro ! niSkAma aura nisvArtha hokara sukhaleza kI upekSA karake karmamUDhatA aura ananta du khagrastatA ko naSTa kro| 17 netro ke abhAva me jaise andhA kupatha para jA caDhatA hai, isI prakAra jIva karmAndha hokara kumArga kA anusaraNa kara rahA hai| kubuddhi hone ke kAraNa hI vaha sacce dharma para zraddhA nahIM krtaa| 15. he putro ! merA zarIra merA nahI hai, yaha to AtmA ke vibhAva kA duSphala hai| merA apanA to AtmasvabhAva hI hai| vahI merA saccA dharma hai| maine usa vibhAva rUpa adharma ko dUra kara diyA / ata mujhe loga zreSTha Arya kahate hai| 16 agnihotra me vaha sukha nahIM hai jo AtmayajJa meM hai| 20. maiM use hI yajJa aura dharma mAnatA hU~ jo satoguNa se yukta, zama, dama, satya, anugraha, tapa, titikSA aura anubhava se sampanna hotA hai| isI mArga se ananta AtmAyeM paramAtmapada prApta kara gaI hai| yahI zreSTha mArga hai| 21. sthAvara aura jagama jIvo para sadA abhaya dRSTi rakho, yahI saccA zreSTha mArga hai aura mohanAza kA kAraNa hai / muktiprApti ke lie prayatna karo, yahI sarvocca dhyeya hai| isI siddhi se ananta sukha prApta hotA hai| bhagavAn kA yaha upadeza sunakara unake putro ne sasAra tyAga diyaa| karmakANDa tyAga kara unhone paramahaMsa dharma (Atmadharma) kI paddhati kA anusaraNa kiyaa|

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jaina dharma bhAgavat me bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI tapasyA kA bahuta hI romAcakArI varNana kiyA gayA hai| upasargo, parIpaho aura saMkaTo ko pAra karate hue tathA vanavAma ke namasta dukho ko sahana karate hue bhagavAn avadhUta vega me vicarane lge| unakA mana avigvaNDita aura prazAnta thaa| ve mAnApamAna kI cintA na karake ghUmane rahate the| unake gArIrika atigaya kA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki unakI viSThA me me bhI mugadha yAtI thI, mArA vAtAvaraNa mugadhamaya bana jAtA thaa| eka dina unake karmAgaya kA anta yA gayA, samasta artha paripUrNa hone se miha bana gae, unhe kevala jJAna prApta ho gyaa| unakI prAtmA me paramAnanda thA, samasta proM kA jAna thA, ve niAkampa Alokastambha the| ___ bhagavAn Rpa bhadeva ke bhAgavatokna jIvana kI jainAgamo aura jaina-purANo se pUrI taraha tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| vAstava me bhAgavatakAra ne zrI RSabhadeva ke jIvana aura dharma ko vizuddha rUpa meM upasthita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| kahIM bhI unheM yaja-samarthaka yA vedAnuyAyI pradarzita nahI kiyA gayA hai| ___ vaidika-dharma ke caubIsa avatAro meM bha0 Rpabhadeva pAThave avatAra svIkAra kiye gae hai, magara unakA jIvana kisI bhI anya vaidika avatAra se mela nahI khAtA hai| vaha anUThA hai| upaniSadoM meM jainadharma bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke samaya me hI bhArata me do mukhya vicAra dhArAe~ pracalita ho gayI thI, eka dhArA vaha thI jisame karma (yajJa) kI pradhAnatA thI aura dUsarI vaha jisame vrata, niyama, sayama eva tapazcaraNa kI mukhyatA thii| ye vicAradhArAe~ Aja brAhmaNa vicAradhArA aura zramaNa vicAradhArA ke nAma se pracalita hai| bhagavAn Rpabhadeva zramaNa vicAradhArA athavA vrAtyadharma (vratavarma) ke Adya pravartaka the| ataeva upanipado me jahA~ kahI zramaNa vicAradhArA kA pratipAdana huA hai, vaha bhagavAn RSabhadeva dvArA pravartina jaina dharma hI samajhanA cAhie / jAvAla upaniSad me mahAyogI dattAtreya ne jina ahiMsAdi daza yamo kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, vahI Rpabhadeva dvArA upadigTa dharma ke mUla vrata hai| Rpabhadeva dvArA pralapita dharma se dattAtreya ke prabhAvita hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki vrAtya dharma vedo

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atIta kI jhalaka se bhI adhika prAcIna hai / vedo meM usakA varNana pAtA hai| dattAtreya navIna hai kyoMki upaniSad kAla me unakA prAdurbhAva huA hai| danAtreya yAjika kriyA kANDa aura bAhya zIca kA khaNDana karate hue kahate hai - "he suvrata, jo manuSya jJAna-gauca ko tyAga kara bAhya jala Adi se gauca mAnane kI bhramaNA me paDA hai, vaha suvarNa ko tyAga kara miTTI ke Dhele kA saMgraha karatA hai / " kyA koI brAhmaNadharmI Rpi isa prakAra udgAra prakaTa kara sakatA hai ? dUsarI jagaha vahI kahate hai -- "he mune / ahiMmA Adi sAdhano dvArA anubhavAtmaka jJAna prApta karake prAtmA avinAzI brahmapada prApta karatA hai|" unhoMne daza yamo kA pratipAdana kiyA aura unakA samarthana kiyA hai| tapa ke viSaya meM vaha kahate hai ---"he mane / kRcchacAndrAyaNa yAdi ko vaidika loga tapa mAnate hai, kintu hama use tapa svIkAra karate hai jisake dvArA AtmA sasAra bhramaNa se chUTakara, bandhana vimukta hokara mukti prApta kara sakatA hai|" dattAtreya jI ne apane ko vaidiko se pRthak prakaTa kiyA hai| ataeva amaMdigdha rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve zramaNagAgvA ke prAcArga the, kintu vaidika loga bhI unakA sammAna karate the| yadyapi zramaNa paramparA me samaya-samaya para aneka vicAraka santa sammilita hote rahe hai aura mahAvIra kAla me to mahAtmA buddha jaise prathamakoTi ke santa bhI usameM mammilita hue, kintu vedo aura upanipado se pUrva jainadharma ke pravartaka Rpabhadeva kI paramparA ke atirikta anya kisI prabhAvazAlI dharma yA dharmapravartaka kA paricaya nahIM miltaa| isa kAraNa dattAtreya ke vicAra jainadharma se hI prabhAvita svIkAra kie jA sakate hai| ____dattAtreya yadyapi brAhmaNo aura zramaNo ke madhya kI eka mahattvapUrNa kaDI ke garUpa me rahe, phira bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki brAhmaNo kA kriyAkANDa unhe abhISTa nahIM thaa| purANoM meM jainadharma upanipado ke anantara prAcInatA ke nAte padma-purANa kI gaNanA kI jA sakatI haiN| padmapurANa me jainadharma kA vistRta varNana milatA hai / vaidika sAhitya kI yaha eka vizepatA rahI hai ki usame jainadharma kI stuti to brAtyadharma, parama

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jaina dharma hasadharma, yA yatidharma Adi ke nAma se kI gaI hai aura jahA~-jahA~ khaNDana kiyA gayA, vahA~ jainadharma yA pAkhaDadharma nAma kA ullekha huA hai| padmapurANa me jainadharma kA khaDana kiyA gayA hai, phira bhI usa khaMDana se jainadharma ke Antarika svarUpa kA bodha ho sakatA hai| padmapurANa kA bhUmikhaDa tathA rAjA veNu kA varNana dhyAna dene yogya hai| RSiyo ne pUchA -~-"sUta jI! rAjA veNu kI utpatti java mahAtmA se huI to usane vaidika dharma kA parityAga kyo kara diyA ?" sUta jI bole-"maiM tumhe sArI kahAnI sunAtA hU~ / java veNu zAsana karatA thA, usa samaya usake darabAra me naMga-dhaDaga, vizAlakAya, zvetamastaka vAlA atizaya kAntimAn sAdhu oghA, kamaNDala lie jA phucaa|" (purANo se jaina sAdhu ke vepa ke sambandha me bhI paryApta paricaya milatA hai| padmapurANa se jaina sAdhu ke digambaratva kA patA calatA hai| zivapurANa ke "tuNDe vastrasya dhArakAH" arthAt-~-"mukha para vastra dhAraNa karane vAle", isa ullekha se sthAnakavAsI sAdhu ke veSa kA aura mahAbhArata ke uttuMka ke spaSTIkaraNa se zvetAmbara sAdhu ke vepa kA samarthana hotA hai / jAna par3atA hai, purANakAla me jaina sAdhuno ke tInoM veSa nizcita ho cuke the|) veNu ne pUchA-"pApa kauna hai ?" sAdhu ne uttara diyA--"mai ananta zaktimaya, jJAna-satyamaya AtmA huuN| satya aura dharma merA kalevara hai| yogI mere hI svarUpa kA dhyAna karate hai| mai jina svarUpa huuN|" rAjA ---"ApakA deva, guru aura dharma kyA hai ?" sAdhu .-"arihanta hamAre deva hai, nirgrantha hamAre guru hai aura dayA hI hamArA dharma hai / mere dharma me vajana, yAjana, vedAdhyayana jaisA kucha nahI hai| pitaro ke tarpaNa, valivaizvadeva Adi karmo kA tyAga hai| hamAre dharma meM arhan kA dhyAna hI uttama mAnA gayA hai|" ___ moha se mugdha manuSya zrAddha Adi karate hai| marane ke bAda mRtAtmA kucha khAtA nahI / brAhmaNoM kA khAyA mRtAtmA ko milatA nahI hai / dayA kA dAna karanA hI sarvazreSTha hai| rAjan ! ina mithyA karmo ko tyAga kara jIvo kI rakSA kara, dayAparAyaNa hokara pratidina jIvo kI rakSA kr| aisI

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atIta kI jhalaka dayA karane vAlA manuSya cAhe cANDAla ho yA zUdra, vahI hamAre dharma meM brAhmaNa kahA gayA hai| jinaM bhagavAn kA batAyA huyA vrata hI hamAre kalyANa kA saccA mArga hai| saba para dayA karo, zAtacitta hokara dayA kro| rAjA ne pUchA - "he aye ! ye brAhmaNa aura prAcArya gagA Adi nadiyo ko puNyatIrtha batalAte hai / yaha kahA taka satya hai ?" sAgha :-"nareza, AkAza se vAdala eka hI samaya jo pAnI barasAte hai, vahI pRthvI, parvata Adi sabhI sthAno me giratA hai / vahI vaha kara nadiyo me ikaTThA ho jAtA hai| nadiyA to jala bahAne vAlI hai| uname tIrtha kaisA ? sarovara aura samudra sabhI jala ke Azraya hai / pRthvI ko dhAraNa karane vAle parvata bhI kevala pApANarAzi hai| inameM tIrtha nAma kI vastu nahI hai|" "yadi samudra aura nadiyoM meM snAna karane se siddhi milatI to machaliyo ko to sabase pahale siddha ho jAnA caahie|" "he rAjendra ! eka mAtra jina hI sarvottama dharma hai aura tIrtha hai / saMsAra meM jina hI sarvazreSTha hai / unakA dhyAna kro|" rAjA veNu ke mana me arhata-dharma ke prati AsthA utpanna huI aura usane paramahaMsa dharma (jainadharma) svIkAra kara liyaa| isa ghaTanA se Rpiyo ko var3I cintA huii| yaha vRttAnta khUba vistRta hai / isake ullekha karane kA Azaya yaha hai ki purANakAla meM jainadharma kA prabhAva itanA baDhA huA thA ki rAjA veNu jaise bhAratasamrATa bhI unake anuyAyI bana gaye the| veNu kI yaha kahAnI spaSTa ghoSaNA kara rahI hai ki bAhyAcAra jainadharma kA svarUpa nahI, usakA vizvAsa jIvanazodhana para hai| aba jarA skandapurANa para dRSTi ddaalie| vahA Avantya rekhA khaNDa me pAkhaNDIjano ke tyAga ke prakaraNa me vratiyo kI nindA kI gaI hai| vaidika vrata aura narmadA ke snAna se pApavimukti eva mokSaprApti batalAI gaI hai| dUsare purANo tathA bRhadAraNyaka upanipad ke AtmaviSayaka gAye aura ajAtazatru ke praznottara bhI jainadharma kI ora saMketa kara rahe hai| sAdhanA ke kSetra me Arhat dharma kI sAdhanA sarvAdhika kaThoratama rahI hai|

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22 jaina dharma jainadharma bhArata kI usa sAdhanA kA pratinidhitva karatA zrAyA hai jo sArvabhauma hai, jo samAja ra vyakti meM pramRtatva kI prApti kA mUla srota rahI hai / jaina sAdhanA vastuzodhana kI prakriyA para nahI, jIvana-zodhana para vizvAsa karatI hai / atharvaveda me vrAtyo vrataniSTha muniyo kI sAdhanA ke jo ullekha pAye jAte hai aura bhAgavata me bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI kaThoratama sAdhanA kA jo citra upasthita kiyA gayA hai, usase bhalIbhAti prakaTa ho jAtA hai ki jainadharma kI sAdhanA zarIra kI mamatA para kuThArAghAta karake grahakAra aura mamakAra kA vinAza karatI huI agrasara hotI hai / vaha svarga ke svapna nahI dekha sakatI, mukti kA patha prazasta karatI hai / - viSNu dharmottara purANa khaNDa 2 gra0 131 me "hasagItA" ke nAma se yatidharmanirUpaNa kA alaga hI adhyAya rakhA gayA hai, jisame jaina sAbu ke niyamo ko hI yati dharma kA prAcAra batalAyA gayA hai / eka bAra bhojana, maunavRtti, indriyanirodha, rAga-dveSa rahitatA Adi jaina sAdhu ke guNa hI viSNupurANa me yatiyo ke guNa batalAye gaye hai / jainAgama me prasiddha daza dharmo ko hI yati dharma kahA gayA hai / vi0 0 pu0 zloka 59 / yogavAsiSTha me rAmacandra jI apanI kAmanA isa prakAra abhivyakta karate hai / " nAhaM rAmo na me vAcchA, bhAveSu ca na me manaH / zAntimAsyAtumicchAmi, svAtmanyeva jino yathA // " "maiM rAma nahI hU~, mujhe kisI vastu kI cAha nahI hai, merI zrabhilASA to yaha hai ki mai jinezvara deva kI taraha apanI grAtmA me zAnti lAbha kara sakU~ / " zivapurANa me bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko vizva kA kalyANakarttA batAyA gayA hai / ina saba ullekho kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva dvArA pratipAdita dharma kevala zramaNa paramparA kA mUlAdhAra hai, parantu vAhmaNa paramparA ko bhI usakI mahatvapUrNa dena hai / bhagavAn RSabhadeva isa yuga ke prathama dharma prarvataka hai / vedo, vaidika purANo aura jaina sAhitya me unakA upadeza vikala yA gravikala rUpa se upalabdha hotA hai / vaha bhArata kI hI nahI, vizva kI anupama vibhUti the / svanAmayanya bhagavAna RSabhadeva vizva ke prathama mahapi the I

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nAmAvalI isa prakAra hai - saMkhyA 1. 4 5. 6. 7 8. C. 10. 11. 12. 13. 18. 15 16. atIta kI jhalaka jainadharma ke tIrthaMkara jina caubIsa tIrthakaroM kA sAmAnya ullekha pahale diyA gayA hai, unakI 17. 18. 16. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. tIrthaMkara nAma zrI RSabhadeva jI zrI ajItanAtha jI zrI sabhavanAtha jI zrI zrabhindananAtha jI zrI sumatinAtha jI zrI pradmaprabhu jI zrI supArzvanAtha jI zrI candraprabhu jI kAzI candrapurI zrI puSpadata ( suvidhinAtha) jI kAkAndI zrI zItalanAtha jI zrI zreyAMsanAtha jI zrI vAsupUjya jI zrI vimalanAtha jI zrI granantanAtha jI zrI dharmanAtha jI zrI zAntinAtha jI zrI kunthunAtha jI zrI grarahanAtha jI zrI mallinAtha jI zrI muni suvratanAtha jI zrI neminAtha jI zrI zrariSTaneminAtha jI janmasthAna ayodhyA ayodhyA zrAvastI ayodhyA ayodhyA kauzAmbI zrI pArzvanAtha jI zrI mahAvIra svAmI jI bhaddalapura sihapurI - sAranAtha campA purI kampilA grayodhyA ratnapurI hastinApura hastinApura hastinApura mithilApurI rAjagRha mithilA 33 zaurIpura kAzI kuDaggrAma-vaizAlI iname se dharmanAtha, grarahanAtha aura kunthunAtha kA janma kuruvA me, muni suvratanAtha kA harivaza aura zepa tIrthakaro kA janma ikSvAkuvaza me huA thA /

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jaina dharma sabhI tIrthaMkaro kA jIvana kaThora tapomaya thaa| sabhI tIrthaMkaro ne pravrajyA agIkAra kI, tIvratapazcaryA kI aura pUrNa jJAna prApta kiyaa| kRta kRtya hokara bhI jagat ke samasta jIvo kI karuNA-bhAvanA se prerita hokara muktimArga kA upadeza diyA, vrato kI vyavasthA kI aura tatva kA yathArtha svarUpa vatalAyA / anta me nirvANa prApta kara paramAtmA bane aura siddha buddha tathA ananta yAtmika guNo se ___ samRddha hue| iname se bahupracalita tIna tIrthakaroM kA jIvana paricaya nIce diyA jAtA hai| bhagavAn neminAtha yaha yaduvaza ke mahAn pratApI mahArAja samudravijaya ke putra aura mahArAnI zivA ke Atmaja aura zrI kRSNa ke cacere bhAI the| vaidika sandhyopAsanA ke gAntimatra me "ariSTanemi zAntirbhavatu," ina zabdo se unakI stuti kI jAtI hai / vedo me bhI aneka sthalo para unakA ullekha huA hai| ___ rAjA ugrasena kI kanyA rAjamatI ke sAtha inakA vivAha honA nizcita huaa| bArAta ravAnA huI aura zvasuragRha pahuca hI rahI thI ki mArga me ariSTanemi ne pazupro kI karuNa cItkAra sunI / sArathI se pUchane para unheM vidita huA ki vArAtiyo ke mAsabhakSaNa ke lie yaha saba pazu ekatra kie gae hai / yaha jAnakara unhe asahya manovyathA huI / unakA anta karaNa karuNA se plAvita ho uThA, usI samaya unhone sArathI ko AjJA dekara sava pazuo ko bandhana-mukta karA diyaa| isa ghaTanA kA unake jIvana para sthAyI prabhAva pdd'aa| ve vivAha se mukha moDa kara virakta ho gaye aura tapasyA karane cale gaye / ___ bhagavAn ariSTanemi kA pazurakSaNa Andolana jUnAgaDha ke nikaTa se prArambha huA aura samUce saurASTra aura bhArata me phaila gyaa| isa tyAgamUlaka Andolana ne logo ke netra khola diye / Aja bhI saurASTra me zeSa sasAra kI apekSA bahuta kama hiMsA hotI hai, yaha bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke isa pazusaMrakSaNa Andolana kA hI phala hai| giranAra giri para ArUDha hokara ariSTanemi ne svata dIkSA dhAraNa kii| tapasyA karake karmo kA kSaya kiyA aura pUrNa jJAnI bane / anta me muktilAbha kara siddha ho ge|

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atIta ko talaka bhagavAn pAzrvanAtha teIsave tIrthakara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA janma 2800 varSa pahale huA thaa| ve rAjaputra the| mahArAjA azvasena inake pitA the / mAtA kA nAma vAmA devI thaa| bhArata ke vikhyAta. vidyAdhAma kAzI meM inakA janma huA thaa| gagAtaTa para eka tApasa agnitApa sahana kara rahA thaa| pArzvanAtha ne use batalAyA ki terI dhUnI ke lakkar3a meM nAga-nAgina kA eka joDA jala rahA hai| rAjakumAra kI yaha bAta sunakara tapasvI kruddha aura kSubdha ho gayA / tApasa ne agni me se vaha lakkar3a nikAla kara phAr3A to rAjakumAra kI bAta saca nikalI / darzakagaNa tApasa ke ajJAna kA vicAra kara mlAnamukha ho gaye / tApasa lajjita thA, kruddha thA, parantu vivaza thaa| mRtyu ke pazcAt tApasa devayoni meM janmA / udhara pAzvanAtha gRhatyAga kara sAdhu bana cuke the| usa deva ne apane apamAna kA pratizodha karane ke lie bhagavAna ko vahuta kapTa phucaaye| usane eka bAra unhe jalavRSTi meM DabA dene kI kucepTA kI, kintu usa nAga-nAgina ke yugala ne, jo mara kara dharaNendra deva aura padmAvatI ke rUpa me janmA thA, Akara bhagavAn kA upasarga nivAraNa kiyaa| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha bhArata ke prasiddhatama nAgavaMga meM utpanna hue the / Aja ke itihAsajJa vidvAno ne Apako aitihAsikatA isa prakAra svIkAra kI hai :-- "zrI pArzvanAtha bhagavAna kA dharma sarvathA vyavahArya thaa| hiMsA, asatya, steya aura parigraha kA tyAga karanA, yaha cAturyAma savaravAda unakA dharma thaa| isakA unhone bhArata bhara meM pracAra kiyA / itane prAcIna kAla me ahiMsA ko itanA suvyavasthita rUpa dene kA yaha sarvaprathama udAharaNa hai|" / ____ "zrI pArzvanAtha ne satya, asteya aura aparigraha-ina tIno niyamo ke sAtha ahiMsA kA mela vitthaayaa| pahale araNya meM rahane vAle RSi-muniyo ke AcaraNa me jo ahiMsA thI, use vyavahAra meM sthAna na thaa| tIna niyamo ke sahayoga se ahiMsA sAmAjika vanI, vyAvahArika bnii|" ina uddharaNo se vidita hogA ki ahiMsA ke sarvaprathama (itihAsa siddha) vyAvahArika prayoga-draSTA pArzvanAtha hI the|

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jaina dharma bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne lagabhaga 70 varSa taka bhAratavyApI zrahiyA gA pracAra kiyA aura 100 varSa kI umra meM sammeda zikhara para jAkara nirvANa prApta kiyA / bhArata meM hiMsA ko virAT banAne kA zreya bha0 pArzvanAtha kA hI hai, jinhone jagalI jAtiyo ko grahiMsaka banAyA / kRtajJatA prakAzana ke lie zrIra unake pAvana upadezo kI ciraramRti ke lie bhArata rASTra ne parvatoM taka ke 'pArasa' nAma rakha diye / sammeda zikhara kA dUsarA nAma "pArasanAtha - hila" hai / 26 prasenajita para hue barbara grAkramaNa ke avasara para kAzI-kImala rASTroM kI ora se zrApa akele hI usakI sahAyatA karane gaye / unhoMne eka hI zramRtavacana se eka dUsare ke khUna ke pyAse rAjAo ko zAnta karake mitra banA diyA thA / yaha unake vilakSaNa vAk kIgala kA aura prAntarika zucitA kA jvalata pramANa thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra usa yuga ke mahArAjA tathA gaNarAjya ke avipati ceTaka kI bahina pI trigalA devI / unakA vivAha jJAtRvazIya kSatriya siddhArtha ke sAtha huyA | jainazAstro me mahArAja siddhArtha kA ullekha "siddhatthe khattie" aura "siddhatthe rAyA, " ke nAma se huA hai / 1 yahI devI trizalA bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mAtA thI, aura siddhArtha bhagavAn ke pitA the / IsA se 566 varSa, pUrva RturAja vamanta jaba prapane nava yauvana kI agar3AI le rahA thA, naisargika supamA apanA sigAra kara rahI thI, prakRti prasanna thI aura jana-jana ke mAnasa me prapUrva ullAsa aura grAhlAda utpanna kara rahI thI, taba caitrazuklA trayodazI ke dina bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane janma se isa pRthvI ko pAvana kiyA / unakA nAma varddhamAna rakkhA gayA / } unake bAlyakAla kI aneka ghaTanAeM jaina graMtho meM ullikhita hai, jinase pratIta hotA hai ki varddhamAna "honahAra biravAna ke hota cIkane pAta" kI ukti ke anusAra bacapana se hI atIva buddhimAn, viziSTa jJAnavAn, dhIra, vIra zrIra sAhasI the / unake mAtA-pitA bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke anuyAyI the, 1 taeva grahiMsA, dayA, karuNA aura saMyamazIlatA ke vAtAvaraNa me unakA lAlanapAlana huA /

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atIta kI jhalaka barddhamAna meM eka bar3I janmajAta vizeSatA thI aliptatA - anAsakti kI / rAjaprAsAda meM rahate hue bhI zrora utkRSTa bhoga sAmagrI kI pracuratA hone para bhI ve samasta bhoga padArthoM meM anAsakta rahate the / unakI grantarAtmA me eka asAdhAraNa prakAza thA, eka divya jyoti thI, jo unheM eka nirAlA hI patha pradarzita karatI rahatI thI / 27 varddhamAna, svabhAva se hI atyanta gambhIra aura sAtvika the / unakI deha granupama svarNa samagaura varNa zraura zratizaya prANavAna thI / unakA zrAnana projasvI, lalATa aura vakSasthala vizAla thA / sAta hAtha UcA unakA sampUrNa zarIra asAdhAraNa saundarya kI puruSAkAra pratimA ke samAna thA / phira bhI unakA mAnasa vairAgya raMga se raMgA huA thA / ve kabhI-kabhI atizaya gaMbhIra pratIta hote, mAno sasAra ke duHkha-dAvAnala se pAra hone kI cintA me ho / iThalAtA huA yovana bhI unheM bhogo me nahI phasA sakA / unakI vRttiyA vastuta zrAtmAbhimukhI thI / - digambara-paramparA ke anusAra vaha gravivAhita hI rahe aura zvetAmbara - paramparA ke anusAra vivAhita hokara bhI ve kabhI bhogo me grAsakta nahI hue / 1 varddhamAna ke mAtA-pitA kA svargavAsa hugrA, usa samaya unakI avasthA 28 varSa kI thI / virakti ke janmajAta saskAra sabhavataH isa ghaTanA se ubhara prAye zrIra unhone apane jyeSTha bandhu nandivardhana ke samakSa dIkSita hone kA prastAva prastuta kara diyA / nandivardhana mAtA-pitA ke viyoga se vyAkula the hI, varddhamAna ke isa prastAva se unakI manovyathA kI sImA na rahI / nandivardhana ne unase kahA - ' bandhu, jale para namaka mata chiDako / mAtA pitA ke vichoha kI kathA hI dusaha laga rahI hai, tisa para bhI tuma mujhe nirAdhAra chor3a dene kI bAta kahate ho / maiM itanI baDI vyathA na saha sakUMgA / ' bhagavAn varddhamAna zratizaya namra, saumya, vinIta mora dayAlu the / kisI ko pIr3A upajAnA to dUra rahA, ve kisI ko mlAnamukha bhI nahI dekha sakate the / nandivardhana ke vyathA - nivedana se unhone sakalpa me parivartata to nahI kiyA magara do varSa ke lie use sthagita kara diyA / ina ko varSoM me ve gRhastha yogI kI bhAti rahate rahe / Akhira tIsa varSa kI bharI javAnI meM unhone gRha tyAga kiyA / vaha buddha kI bhAti, pArivArika jano ko sotA choDakara, rAtri me cupake cupake se nahI nikale, varan kuTumbiyo se anumati lekara tyAgI bane /

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jaina dhama yahI se varddhamAna svAmI kA sAdhaka - jIvana Arambha hotA hai / vAraha varSa, pAcamAsa aura pandraha dina taka kaThoratara sAdhanA karane ke pazcAt unheM kevala - jJAna kI prApti huI / 28 isa lambe sAvanA-kAla kA vistRta varNana jainAgamo me upalabdha hai / usase pratIta hotA hai ki varddhamAna kI sAdhanA apUrva aura adbhuta, thI / java hama unake tIvratama tapazcaraNa kA vRttAta paDhate haiM to vismaya se rogaTe khar3e ho jAte haiM / isa vizAla bhUtala para gramasya mahApuruSa, avatAra kahe jAne vAle viziSTa puruSa tathA tIrthakara hue haiM, magara itanI kaThina tapasyA karane vAlA puruSa dUsarA nahI huA / bhayAnaka se bhayAnaka yAtanAtro me bhI unhone aparimita dhairya, sAhasa evaM sahiSNutA kA Adarza upasthita kiyA / gopAla, zUlapANi yakSa, saMgama deva, caNDakauzika sarpa, gozAlaka aura lADha deza ke anArya prajAjano dvArA pahuMcAI gaI pIr3Ae bhagavAn kI ananta kSamatA aura sahiSNutA kA jvalanta nirdezana hai / romAcakAriNI upIr3A ke samaya bhagavAn himAlaya kI bhAti aDiga, aDola aura akampa rahe / tapazcaraNa meM asAdhAraNa vIryaM prakaTa karane ke kAraNa hI ve "mahAvIra" ke sArthaka nAma se vikhyAta hue / Agata kaSToM, parISaho aura pIr3Ao ko dRDhatApUrvaka saharSa sahana karane vAlA puruSa vIra kahalAtA hai, parantu bhagavAn to zrAtmazuddhi ke lie kabhI-kabhI kaSTo ko nimatraNa dekara bulAte, unake sAtha saMgharSa karate aura vijayI banate the / isa kAraNa vaha prativIra aura mahAvIra kahalAye / vizeSa varNana ke lie dekhie zrAcArAGga, (pra0 dvi0 zrutaskandha, kalpasUtra, Avazyaka niyukti AvazyakacUrNi Adi ) kitanI adbhuta bAta hai ki sADhe bAraha varSa ke tapasyAkAla me bhagavAn ne chaha mahIno jitanA lambA kAla nirAhAra aura nirjala rahakara bitA diyA / isa 12|| varSa ke dIrghakAla me unhone kula milAkara 346 dina bhojana kiyA aura zeSa dino meM upavAsa kiyA / aura yaha bhI kama Azcaryajanaka nahI ki unhone eka apavAda ke sivAya kabhI nidrA bhI nahI lI / jaba nIda Ane lagatI to ve thor3I dera caMkramaNa karake nidrA bhagA dete aura sadaiva jAgRta rahane kA hI prayatna karate rahate the / isase jJAta hotA hai ki abhyAsa ke dvArA nidrA para manuSya vijaya prApta kara sakatA hai| sarvotkRSTa sAdhanA ke phalasvarUpa bhagavAn mahAvIra ko sarvotkRSTa AdhyAtmika sampatti upalabdha huI / isase inheM sarvana aura sarvadarzI pada prApta huA /

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atIta kI jhalaka 29 tatpazcAt bhagavAn ne tatva ke svarUpa tathA mokSamArga kA pratipAdana kiyA / tIsa varSaM taka sthAna-sthAna para paribhramaNa karake anta meM pAvApurI pdhaare| mokSa kI ghaDI nikaTa thI, kintu ve vizva ko apanI puNyamayI, kalyANakAriNI zrIra paramapAvanI vAgdhArA se prAplAvita kara rahe the / Akhira kArtika kRSNA zramAvasyA ko rAtri meM ve samasta karmoM se vinirmukta, azarIrI siddha ho gae / bhagavAn mahAvIra vizva ke advitIya krAntikArI mahApuruSa the / unakI krAnti eka kSetra taka sImita nahI thii| unhone sarvatomukhI krAMti kA maMtra kA thA / AdhyAtmika, darzana, samAjavyavasthA, yahA taka ki bhASA ke kSetra me bhI unakI dena vahumUlya hai / unhone tatkAlIna tApaso ko tapasyA ke bAhya rUpa ke badale vAhyAbhyantara rUpa pradAna kiyA / tapa ke svarUpa ko vyApakatA pradAna kI / pArasparika khaNDana- maNDana meM nirata dArzaniko ko anekAntavAda kA mahAmaMtra diyA / sadguNoM kI gravagaNanA karane vAle janmagata jAtivAda para kaThora prahAra kara guNa-karma ke AdhAra para jAti-vyavasthA kA pratipAdana kiyA / inhone nAriyo kI pratiSThA ko bhUle hue bhArata ko sAdhvI- sagha banAkara pratiSThA pradAna kii| yajJa ke nAma para pazuo se khilavADa karane vAle svargakAmiyo ko svarga kA saccA mArga vatalAyA / nadI samudro meM snAna karane se, grAga meM jala marane se yA pASANo kI rAzi ikaTThI kara dene se dharma samajhane kI lokamUDhatA kA hrAsa kiyA / lokabhApA ko apane upadeza kA mAdhyama banAkara paNDito ke bhASAbhimAna ko samApta kiyA / sakSepa meM yaha ki mahAvIra svAmI ne samAja ke samagra mApadaMDa badala diye aura sampUrNa jIvana dRSTi me eka divya aura bhavya nUtanatA utpanna kara dI / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA udAra saMgha yo to bhagavAn mahAvIra ke caudaha haz2Ara sata zigya the, kintu gyAraha uname pradhAna, the, jo jaina paramparA me gaNadhara nAma se vikhyAta hai / yaha gyAraho ziSya pahale vaidika dharma ke anuyAyI the, aura veda-vedAga ke pAragAmI prakhara paNDita the / iname bhI gautama indrabhUti ke pANDitya kI sabake Upara dhAka thI / vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra se zAstrArtha karane gaye / para bhagavAn se prabhAvita hokara unake ziSya bana gaye / unake pazcAt zeSa daso ne bhI unhI kA anusaraNa kiyA / sabane tI dIkSA pragIkAra kI aura ve vIrasaMgha ke stabha vane / 1 bhagavAn ke anupama tyAgI, tapa aura sayamamaya upadeza sunakara vIrAgaka,

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jaina dharma vIrayakSa saMjaya, eNeyaka, seya, ziva, udayana tathA zaMkha, ina ATha samakAlIna rAjAno ne pravrajyA grahaNa kI thii| abhaya kumAra, meghakumAra Adi aneka rAjakumAro ne prabhu kA ziSyatva svIkAra kiyaa| skandhaka prabhRti aneka tApasa tapasyA kA rahasya jAnakara bhagavAna kI garaNa me Aye, rAjakumArI candanavAlA, devAnandA aAdi chattIsa hajAra nAgyiA mAdhvI-sagha me praviSTa huii| bhagavAn ke gRhastha anuyAyiyo me magadhAdhipati zreNika, kUNika (ajAtazatru), vaizAlIpati ceTaka (mahAvIra ke mAmA), avaMtIpati caNDapradyota Adi aneka bhUpati the / Ananda, kAma deva Adi lAkho zrAvaka the, jiname zakaTAla jaise dharmaniSTha kuMbhAra bhI sammilita the| harikegI aura metArya jaise atizUdra bhI bhagavAn ke sagha me sAvupada prApta kara sake the| kahanA na hogA ki usa jamAne me yaha eka javardasta krAnti thii| aba taka ke jJAta itihAsa me bhagavAn mahAvIra hI prathama mahApuruSa hai, jinhone aspRzyatA ke viruddha tIna aura saSTa svara me aAvAja uThAI aura aspRzyo ko apane magha me ucca pada pradAna kiyaa| mahAvIra kI dena 1 jAti-paoNti kI bhedabhAva bharI darAro ko dUra kara mAnava samAja ke lie mArvabhaumika eva sarvasulabha dharmavyavasthA sthApita karanA / brAhmaNa, vaizya, zUdra, kSatriya varNoM kA abhimAna Adi burAiyo ko miTAkara guNa vikAsa kI pora mAnava-jAti ko unmukha karanA hI mahAvIra kA adhika lakSya rahA hai| 2 vigaTa vizva me sacarAcara (jagama evaM sthAvara) samasta prANIvarga me eka zAzvata svabhAva hai aura vaha hai jIvana kI prAkAMkSA, sukha kI godha, mahAn banane kI utpreraNA aura paramAnanda prApta karane kI udbhAvanA / isalie kimI ko "mA haNo" na kapTa hI pahu~cAyo aura na kisI atyAcArI ko protmAhana hI do| 3 yAcAra me ahiMgA, buddhi me samanvaya aura vyavahAra meM aparigraha kA Adarga nAkAra kro| 4 AtmA kA svabhAva hI dharma hai aura vibhAva hI pravarma hai, yahI gaNa hai ki bhagavAn ne purupo kI taraha striyo ke bhI vikAma ke lie pUrNa janatA pradAna kI hai|

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atIta kI jhalaka 5. bhApA ke vyAmoha para jo ki abhI taka bhI bhArata kA khUna cUsa rahA hai, aura deza ko prAnto ke nAma se baMTavAre kara khaDita kara rahA hai, bhagavAna ne gaharA kuThArAghAta kiyA hai| isalie tatkAlIna paDitAU bhASA saMskRta meM tatvajJAna na dekara usa samaya kI Ama janatA kI bhApA ardha-mAgadhI prAkRta kA hI bhagavAn ne apanI vANI kA mAdhyama rakhA hai, jisame saba lAbha uThA sake / . 6 aihika aura pAralaukika sukha ke lie hone vAle pazuhiyA se bhare yaja, devIpUjana tathA pazubalikarma aura parva ke viruddha me bhagavAn ne apanI aAvAja balanda kI aura mayama, tapa, ahiMsA tathA puruSArtha pradhAna mArga kI mahattA sthApita kii| 7 unakA upadeza samatA, vairAgya, upagama, nirvANa, gauca, ajutA, nirabhimAna, kapAya, apramAda, nirvaira, aparigraha aAdi guNo ke vikAsa ke lie hotA thaa| 8 manuSya kA bhAgya Izvara ke hAtho me na dekara, manugya-manupya ko hI apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA tathA puspArtha kI pradhAnatA aura kAla, karma, niyati, svabhAva, tathA puruSArtha kA samanvaya sthApita karanA unakA mahattvapUrNa kArya thaa| imI kA nAma karmavAda hai| 6 AtmavAda, lokavAda, karmavAda, aura kriyAvAda mahAvIra kI vizepa dena hai| 10 pratyeka prAtmA, paramAtmA bana sakatA hai, rAgadvepa-rahita vyakti hI maccA brAhmaNa hotA hai| icchAyo kA nirodha hI yaja hai, aAtmA kI nirmalatA dhana-daulata se nahI / tyAga me hI kalyANa mabhava hai| ahakAra kA damana aura para kA rakSaNa hI kSatriyatva hai| maMmAra ke samasta jIvo ke prati maitrI, guNiyo ke prati pramoda, nirbala eva vipanna ke prati dayAbhAva aura viparIta vRtti vAle manuSya ke prati mAdhyastha bhAva rakhanA hI dharma hai| mahAvIra svAmI dUsaro ke prati hitapI eva apane prati zodhaka banane kA hI upadeza dete the| tatkAlIna dharma-pravartaka mahAvIra kAlIna anyAnya dharma pravartaka ---jAmAlI, makhalI puttagozAla pUraNakamyapa, prakruddhakAtyAyana, ajitakezI kambali, majaya velapitta aura

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jaina dharma gautamabuddha Adi Adi bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samAna kAla meM apanA-apanA dharma sthApita kara rahe the / iname jAmAlI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jAmAtA the, jo mahAvIra ke kevala-jJAna hone para 15 varSa pazcAt mahAvIra ke virodhI vana gae the / gozAlaka gogAlaka bhagavAna mahAvIra kA ziSya thA / usake sampradAya kA ullekha AjIvaka mata ke nAma se Aja bhI kahI-kahI zAstroM me pAyA jAtA hai| bauddha piTakoM meM bhI usakA ullekha hai| gogAlaka kA jIvana atyanta vilakSaNa thA, kintu jitanA vilakSaNa thA utanA hI ucchRkhala bhI thaa| usakA janma brAhmaNa kula me huA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra se use jJAna-prApti huii| AjIvaka sampradAya kI sthApanA me usake jIvana kA vikAsa huA / lekina usakI buddhi ne palaTA khAyA aura arihanta deva se usane vAda-vivAda kara parAjaya kA mukha dekhaa| anta me usane kSamA yAcanA kI, tatpazcAt usakA dehAnta ho gayA yahI gozAlaka kA rekhAcitra hai| jaina zAstroM ke anusAra gozAlaka ko bhagavAn mahAvIra se AdhyAtmika jAna kI virAsata milI thii| yahA taka ki ucca vidyAeM bhI usane bhagavAn kI kRpA se prApta kI thii| jiname tejolezyA jaisI ladhiyA bhI hai lekina usakI uddaNDa vRtti aura ucchRkhalatA ne usako AjIvaka sampradAya banAne ke cakkara me DAlA, aura usane kevala niyati ko mukhya siddhAnta banAkara sampradAya kI sthApanA kii| usa samaya to, gozAlaka kA varcasva eva prabhAva itanA thA ki sampradAya cala niklaa| lekina usakI mRtyu ke uparAnta usakA prabhAva kama ho gayA / gozAlaka kA jIvana sundara hote hue bhI zAlInatA-hIna thA, ataH mahAvIra ne use apane suzipya ke sthAna para kuziSya rUpa me svIkAra kiyA hai / ___ gozAlaka aura mahAvIra kA varNana bhagavatI sUtra me bahuta vistAra se diyA gayA hai| usakI tejolezyA se do sAdhuo kA bhasma ho jAnA aura bhagavAn ke dAha kA honA bhI zAstra me varNita hai| uparyukta sabhI dharma-pravartako se bhagavAna mahAvIra kA dArzanika, saiddhAntika ayavA AcAraviSayaka bahute matabheda hai / mahAvIra samanvaya-dRSTi athavA anekAntAtmaka vicAraNA ko hI mukhya mahatva dete the| ve aAgraha ko burA mAnate the|

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atIta kI jhalaka pitA vibhinna dRSTikoNo athavA Agika satyo kA samanvaya karanA hI anekAnta hai| mahAvIra aura buddha mahAvIra kA vizepa sAmanA buddha se huaa| buddha zAkya gotrIya the| zuddhodhana mahArAja ke putra the, ve bhI tapasvI bane, unheM jJAna bhI prApta huA, upadezaparamparA dvArA unhone bhI apane ko arihanta btaayaa| mahAvIra aura vuddha kI tulanA isa prakAra kI jA sakatI hai :mahAvIra vuddha siddhArya zuddhodhana mAtA vigalA mahAmAyA gotra kazyapa kazyapa grAma kSatriyakuDagrAma kapilavastu jAta jAta zAkya janma savat I0 pU0 596 I0 pU0 600 strI yazodA yazodharA satAna priyadarzanA (putrI) rAhula (putra) dIkSA 566 (30 varSa kI umra me) 571 (26 varSa kI umra me) Aditapa 12 varSa jJAna prApti RjuvAlukA taTa nirvANa vi0 sa0 se (527) varSa pUrva vi0 sa0 520 varSa nirvANa sthAna madhyama apApA (pAvApurI) kuzI nagara AyuSya 72 varpa 80 varpa mahAvrata pAca mahAvrata pAca zIla siddhAnta anekAntavAda kSaNikavAda (vibhajyavAda) mahAvIra, aura buddha meM samAnatA aura vibhinnatA jahA kucha vibhinnatAe hai, vahA bhagavAn mahAvIra aura buddha me samAnakhAe bhI hai| ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, tathA aparigraha aura tRSNA nivRtti Adi 6 varSa kA sthAna gayA

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34 jaina dharma me buddha kI bhI dRSTi bahuta UcI thii| brAhmaNasaMskRti ke sammukha ye dono zramaNasaMskRti ke ujjvala nakSatra the / na kevala eziyAI vamundharA para, varan samasta vizva ke kone-kone me dono ne apanI divya karuNA kA amRta pravAhita kiyA hai aura jJAna-prakAzadvArA vizva kI bhUta eva bhAvI pIDhiyoM ko mArga darzana diyA hai / jIvana-zovana, ahisA - pAlana aura zramaNa ke lie prAvazyaka niyamoM meM ina dono mahApuruSo meM sAmAnyatayA adhika antara nahI hai / donoM me bhoga ke prati gaharI ghRNA hai / rAga-dveSa ke prati zatrutA hai / Atmazuddhi ke lie utkaTa preraNA hai / ahisA dono ko priya rahI hai / donoM saMskRtiyoM kI mUla preraNA eka jaina saMskRti aura bauddha saMskRti kI mUla preraNA lagabhaga eka sI hai / "pArzvanAthA cA cArayAma" graMtha me paM0 dharmAnada kauzAmbI ne to yahA taka siddha kara diyA hai ki bhagavAn buddha ne bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke cAra yAma dharma kA hI pAMcazIla athavA graSTa aMga ke nAma se vikAsa kiyA hai / aitihAsika vidvAna to yahAM taka khoja kara cuke hai ki bhagavAn buddha pArzvanAthIya sampradAya ke kisI sAdhu ke sAtha rahe the / kintu bAda me jAkara unheM kaThora tapasyA ke prati ghRNA ho gaI aura unhone apanA alaga madhyama mArga nikAlA / "bhAratIya saskRti aura ahiMsA" me dharmAnaMda kauzAmbI ne bhagavAna pArzva - nAtha ke cAra yAma kI tathA buddha ke madhyama mArga kI bar3I sundara tulanA kI hai / samyak karma samyak vAcA samyak AjIva ( ahiMsA, asteya ) (asatya) ( aparigraha ) isa prakAra pArzvanAtha ke cAra yAmoM kA samAveza aSTAMgika mArga ke tIna grago me huA hai / zeSa pAca bhI grahisA ke hI poSaka hai / jaise samyak dRSTi, samyak saMkalpa, samyak vyAyAma samyak smRti aura samyak samAvi / buddha isa prakAra kA eva vAcA kA sayama, samyaktva karake mAnasika-zuddhi kI abhivRddhi kI kalpanA karate the / jaina aura bauddha dharma me cAhe dhArmika athavA saiddhAntika matabheda ho, to bhI

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atIta kI jhalaka 35. ina dono dharmo ne aura unakI saMsthAno ne vizva meM ahiMsA pracAra kArya kA bahuta vaDA anuSThAna racA hai| dono zramaNa saMskRti ke zuddha mUlAdhAra rahe hai / Aja bhI bauddha samAja me jainadharma ke prati zraddhAbhAvanA hai / sAta ninhava aura anya vipakSI 1. bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kevala jJAna ke 14 varSa pazcAt bahurata sampradAya ke sthApaka jamAlI ninhava kA nAma AtA hai| Aja to isa sampradAya kA nAma hI zeSa hai / 2 16 varSa bAda, jIva ke pradezo ko lekara, caturdaza pUrvadhArI prAcArya vasu ke ziSya tiSyagupta ne eka bahuta vaDA vitaNDAvAda khaDA kiyA thA / 3 mahAvIra nirvANa ke 214 varSa pazcAt zravyaktavAdI aSADhAcArya ne; 4 220 varSa bAda samucchedavAdI mahAgiri ke praziSya aura kauDiNya ke ziSya zvamitra ne sAdhAraNa bAto para prapaca uThAkara, sagha me phUTa DAlane kI koziza kI thii| 5 228 varSa bAda dveRiyavAdI mahAgiri ke praziSya aura dhanagupta ke ziSya gagAcArya ne bhI isI prakAra kA prapaca khaDA kiyA thA / 6. 544 varSa pazcAt, trirAzivAdI zrI gupta ke zipya rohagupta ne, aura 7 584 varSa pazcAt prabhadravAdI goSThA mahila ne sAdhAraNa sI bAto para gupta ra prazvamitra ke samAna phUTa DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA thA, parantu sagha aTUTa rahA / phUTa svaya phUTa gii| tatpazcAt inhone apane mata khaDe kiye / mahAvIra sagha me sAta ninhavo ne bhayakaratama phUTa DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA thA / kintu sagha kA saubhAgya rahA ki phUTa phala na sakI, aura sAto ninhavo ko parAsta honA par3A / sacela acela -- bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sagha me jo sabase baDI khaTakane vAlI bAta thI sacela aura acela kI vivAdAspada gutthI / isakA mUla kAraNa hai pArzvanAtha ke sAdhu sacela the aura mahAvIra kA bala acela hone kI ora thA / jisakA samAdhAna pAzvapAtyika kezI kumAra zramaNa ko, mahAvIra saMgha ke prathama gaNavara, gautamasvAmI ke dvArA diyA gayA thA / yAma, cAra aura pAMca - gautamasvAmI ne cAra yAma kI jagaha paoNca yAma sapratikramaNa, rAtri divasa kI vyavasthA kA jitanA tarkapUrNa uttara diyA, utanI

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jaina dharma vastro ke prati kaThora nIti nahIM apanAI / mokSa ke lie pAramArthika liga, sAdhana, jAna, darzana cAritra rUpa prAdhyAtmika sampatti kA nirdeza kiyA aura sacela, athavA acela ko laukika liMga mAtra kaha kara aura use pAramArthika nImA se bAhara kahakara, upekSA kara dI gii| yahI kAraNa the ki samAja me sacela aura acela kI koI nizcita aura niyamita rUparekhA taiyAra nahIM ho skii| mahAvIra ne mahAvrata aura pratikramANAtmaka anta zuddhi para jitanA daDhanA se bala diyA utanI dRr3hatA se sacela athavA acela ke ekAntika pakSa para nahI diyA / yahI kAraNa hai ki unake samaya me to vivAda samanvayAtmaka siddhAnto se aura pApiAtyika aura mahAvIra magha me mamajhotevAdI dRSTikoNa se samUtre saMgha me prema se kAma calatA rahA, kintu jambU svAmI eva bhadrabAhu jI ke sarvatomukhI vyaktitva ke samAja me se uTa jAne se sacela aura acela kA purAnA vivAda zvetAmbara aura digambara nAma se phUTa niklaa| itanA nizcita hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne java gRhatyAga kiyA taba eka vasana cela dhAraNa kiyA thA, kramanaH unhone hamezA ke lie usa vastra kA tyAga kara diyA aura pUrNata acela ho ge| AcArAga sUtra 1 zruta, adhyAya 6 uddezA prathama me unakI isa acelatva bhAvanA kA spaSTa varNana kiyA gayA hai| jaise ki - NocevimeNa vattheNa, pihissAmi tasi hemate / se pArae AvakahAe, eya khu aNudhammiya tassa / / savaccharaM sAhiyaM mAsaM, jaMNa rikkAsi datthagaM bhagavaM / acelae tato cAI, taM vausajja vattha maNagAre / No sevatI ya paravatya, parapAe vi seNa bhujitthaa| parivajjiyANa omANaM, gacchati saMrkhADa asrnnaae|| 19 arthAt bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dIkSA dhAraNa samaya indra pradatta eka devavastra prApta huA thA kintu bhagavAn ne yaha nizcaya kiyA ki maiM ise choDakara hI zIta nahUgA aura phira unhone grAjIvana vastra dhAraNa nahI kiyaa| isa deva-datta vastra ko panmparA stra me hI svIkAra kiyA aura teraha mAsa uparAnta utAra diyaa|

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atIta kI jhalaka tatpazcAt acelaka hokara vicarane lge| sarvathA vastra rahita vicaraNa karane lge| ve na to parAe pAtra meM bhojana karate the, mAnApamAna kA sarvathA tyAga kara, svaya bhagavAn gRhastho ke rasoIghara me jAkara nirdopa AhAra kI gavepaNA karate the| uparyukta pATha dvArA pramANita hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra sAdhanAvasthA meM sarvathA acela aura upakaraNa rahita the, kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra ne prAcArAga sUtra ke dUsare zrutaskandha me sAdhuao kI vasnaiSaNA me vastra rakhane kA spaSTa vidhAna kiyA hai / prAcArAga' mUtra 14 adhyAya prathama uddeze meM isakA spaSTIkaraNa milatA hai ki sA Una kA, pAna kA, kapAsa aura rUI kA vastra grahaNa kara sakatA hai| bhagavAn dvArA acelatva kI prazaMsA lekina vastra-vidhAna karane para bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra AcArAga ke chaThe adhyAya ke 3 uddeze me acelaka sAdhu kI prazamA karate hai aura sAdhu ke tIna manorayo me pahalA manoratha 'acela bhayo AvaI' ke dvArA acelaka banane kI aora sAdhu ko utprerita karate hai| kintu, ina uddharaNo se spaSTa acelakatva kA aikAntika Agraha rakhane vAlo ke lie vastra- vidhAna kiyA aura acelakatva ko Adarza rakhA isase aikAntika kisI bhI siddhAnta sacelakatva va pUrNa acelakatva kI puSTi nahI hotI hai| isalie zAstra meM pArvApAtyika paramparA meM se nikala kara mahAvIra saMgha meM sammilita hone vAle sAdhu aura sthaviro kA, jahA sabhI parivartano kA ullekha AtA hai, vahA para unakA sacelakatva se acelakatva kI ora Ane kA koI nirdeza prApta nahIM hotaa| jabaki unake cArayAma ke sthAna para pAca mahAvrata aura rAtridivasa ke pratikramaNa kA spaSTa vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / hamane uparyukta spaSTIkaraNa isalie Avazyaka samajhA hai ki zvetAmbara AmnAya me vastra para aura digambara aAmnAya me avastra para jora diyA gayA hai| lekina bhagavAn mahAvIra na sacelakatva aura acelakatva ke AgrahI the, na virodhI / kyoki bhagavAn mahAvIra ko vastravivAda me kucha rasa nahI thA aura na pAramArthika siddhi me vastro kA kucha bhI upayoga ve mAnate the| unhe to sAdhaka ke lie anta zuddhi kI adhikatama apekSA thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki usa samaya vastrAvastra ke vivAda ko samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa se sulajhA liyA gayA , hA,

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jaina dharma dravya, kSetra, kAla aura mAnava kI usame vyavasthA kara dI gii| jisake anusAra yugAnurUpa samasta sagha vAhya vidhAna me ucita parivartana kara sake / dhyAna rahe, acelakatva ke Agraha ke kAraNa digambara AmnAya me strI ke mokSa kA dvAra baMda kara diyA gyaa| isame hama Agraha kA vikRta rUpa kaha sakate hai / tyAga kI ora va DhanA eka satya siddhAnta hai, jo zreyaskara hai| kintu dravya, kSetra, kAla bhAva ke mahatva ko bhulAkara nahI, varan unako yogya kasauTI para kasakara hI kisI siddhAntAnusAra pragati karanA adhika zreyaskara hotA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI anya dharmoM para chApa zramaNa saskRti ke pratiSThApako me mahAvIra kA eka ananyatama sthAna hai| dhArmika andhazraddhA, janatA kI rUDhivAditA, aura pAkhaMDa ke ThekedAro ke viruddha mahAvIra ne krAti kI, aura sAtvika dharma kA pracAra kiyaa| ____ Atmazuddhi aura rAga-dveSanAga kI ora unakA pradhAna uddezya thA / jisakA prabhAva tatkAlIna vaidika paramparA para adhikatama pdd'aa| bhArata me zramaNa aura brAhmaNa ke nAma se ubhayamukhI AryasaMskRti kA saMsmaraNa huaa| jaina aura buddha dharma ke vicAro ko zramaNa-saskRti vaidika tathA vaiSNavo ke sampradAyo kI vicAradhArA ko vaidika-saMskRti ke nAma se pukArA jAtA hai| vaidika evaM jaina saMskRtiyAM-samanvayAtmaka vRtti se paripUrNa itihAsa tathA vaidika vADamaya isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki vaidiko ke pAsa zramaNa tathA sAdhu-sasthA ke lie koI suvyavasthita vidhAna-zAstra tathA prAcArazAstra upalabdha nahIM hai| yadyapi vauddho aura jainoM ke pAsa bhI gRhastho ke lie dharma-vidhAna ke sivAya gRhasthavarma ko batAne vAle dharmagratho kA abhAva hai| isIlie mai samajhatA hUM ki ye dono saMskRtiyA apane Apa me nahI, apitu / samanvayAtmaka vRtti me hI paripUrNa hai| yadi hama vaidika saMskRti ko peTa aura caraNa kaha sakate haiM, to jaina aura vauddha maskRti ko hRdaya aura mastiSka kaha sakate hai| saskAra aura zrAddha, karma aura tyAga, nivRtti aura pravRtti, ina savakA mela jIvana ke kSetra meM yadi Avazyaka hai to vaidika aura jaina saskRti kA bhI samanvaya atyadhika upayogI hai|

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atIta kI jhalaka aitihAsika bhAgoM me yadi sacoTa tarka dvArA isa saskRti ke AdAna-pradAna kA yathArya varNana kiyA jAye to hame kahanA hogA ki sAdhu sasthA kA vidhAna jaina aura bauddha dharma ke sivAya anyatra kahI upalabdha nahIM hai, vaidika dharma meM sAdhu dharma kA vidhAna kevala jaina AcAra gAstra kA vaidika chAyAnuvAda mAtra hai / jaina tathA dauddha sampradAya meM gRhasthakarmoM kA sAsArika vidhAna vaidika vidhAna kA bhAvAnuvAda mAna hai| jaina, bauddha tathA vaidika ye tIno vicAravArAeM samucita rUpa me hI vAstanika anekAnta kI ajasrapravAhinI amara dhArAe hai| inake sagama se bhAratIyasaskRti kA sUrya camakA hai| yaha nizcaya hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye tInoM dhArAe eka dUsare se prAmANika evaM anuprANita hai| tIno ne jI bhara kara eka dUsare se apane poSaNa tatvo ko prApta kiyA hai| kama se kama, nivRtti tyAga tathA sAdhu sasthA kA niyamita rUpa vaidikoM ko jaina dharma kI dena hai / ahiMsA kI pratiSThA tathA vaiSNavo kI AhAra zuddhi aura AtmA tathA paramAtmA kI ekarUpatA to vaidika dhArA ko jaina dharma kI hI virAsata hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ahiMsA ke atirikta sarvaprathama, bhAva-yaja kI sthApanA kI, jisase deza ke pavitratama brAhmaNo kI hisApradhAna yajJavRtti se ruci haTa gii| isI samaya, rAkSasI vRtti ko chor3akara rAjAno ne zrAvaka dharma svIkAra kiyA / vaidika gRhastho aura brAhmaNo para mahAvIra kI ahisA kI itanI chApa paDI ki Aja saikaDo varSoM se yAjJika hisA deza se lopa ho gii| sanyAsiyo, tridaNDiyo aura yogiyo kA adhikAdhika dhyAna ahisA tathA mahAvIra praNIta zramaNa-yAcAra-zAstra para gyaa| jisake phalasvarUpa adhyayana athavA zravaNa dvArA unhone apane sampradAyo me ve niyama lAga kie| tridaNDI sanyAsiyo kI kriyA para jainadharma kI zramaNa-paramparA kA pUrA prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| anya dharmoM para zramaNa-paramparA kI chApa buddha aura mahAvIra ke sAdhupro me saiddhAntika AcAra-sambandhI mAnyatAe to kitanI hI eka jaisI dIkhatI hai|

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40 jaina dharma jAmAlI aura gogAlaka kI paramparA ne mahAvIra svAmI kI zramaNa paramparA se hI pATha paDhA thaa| sacamuca, mahAvIra kI zramaNa-saMsthA apekSAkRta bahuta suvyavasthita aura samunnata thI / Aja bhI mahAvIra ke sAdhuao ke prAcAra-saMyama tathA tapa kI dhUma vaijJAnika vizva Azcarya se dekha rahA hai ki jaina sAdhu kisa prakAra itanA tyAga kara lete hai, aura apane jIvana kA kalyANa karane meM saphala hote hai / bhAratavarSa meM Aja bhI jaina sAdhuo ko jitanA vizvAsa tathA Adara diyA gayA hai, vaha saba mahAvIra kI samucita vyavasthA kA hI varadAna hai / tatkAlIna sakaTa aura-sAdhu-sasthA -jaina sAdhu parama paryaTaka hotA hai| isakA ghara vAra parivAra usake kandho para rahatA hai| grAma, piDolaka aura nagara piMDolaka sAdhuo ko bhagavAn ne pApI zramaNa taka kaha diyA kyoki eka jagaha adhika dera nivAsa karanA hI sayama zithilatA kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| jaina zramaNa pATa vihArI hai vaha dUsare ke sahAre ke AdhIna nahIM hai / use to apane hI pairo se samUcI-bhUmi, vikaTa aTavI tathA bhayAnaka vanAntara nApane par3ate hai / isalie zAstro me sAdhu sasthA para Ae hue ghoratama saMkaTo kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI, usa apavAda-mArga kA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai jise sAdhu samaya-samaya para ucita vidhAna ke anusAra avalambana rUpa meM apanA sake / sAdhu-sAdhvI ke sAmane mukhya samasyA cora-DAkuo kA upadrava, nadI pAra karane ke lie vAhana kA upayoga, bImArI, sarpa-vicchu kA viSailA upadrava miTAne ke lie auSadhopacAra, sakaTakAlIna sthiti meM rAjasasthA me jaina sAdhuno kA hastakSepa, vidharmI rAjA dvArA uThAye gaye upadrava kA nirAkaraNa, durbhikSa ke samaya bhikSA kI samasyA kA samAdhAna, dhArmika saMkaTa kA pratikAra, saMgha vipatti kA nivAraNa Adi samasta samasyAoM kA samAdhAna-bhagavAn mahAvIra ne viveka pUrNa AcaraNa karane ke lie apavAda mArgoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| prAcIna kAla me zramaNa-saMsthA kA kaSTa sahana samaya kI bahuta vicitra gati hai| ataeva, sAdhu-sAdhviyo ke lie dravya, kSetra, kAla bhAva kI maryAdA vAva dI hai| jisase samaya par3ane para sAdhu samAja saba ke sAtha anumati kara vizeSa vidhAna bhI banA sakatA hai, aisA adhikAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sagha ko diyA hai|

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atIta kI jhalaka 41 yadi aitihAsika gova evaM khoja kI dRSTi se dekhA jAya to Aja 2500 varSa pahale ke pichale jamAne me zramaNa saMsthA ko kina kina kaSTo kA sAmanA karanA paDA hogA, usakI kalpanA bhI nahI kI jA sakatI / bhayaMkara banAntaro meM hokara sAdhu zramaNo ko vihAra karanA paDatA thA / zrAvAdiyA dUra-dUra tathA bahuta thoDI thI / jaMgala, pahADa nadI-nAle, registAna saba me se hokara apanI rAha, Apa banAnI paDatI thI, kintu dhyAna rahe, zramaNa, sasAra kI bAdhAo ke vIca apanI rAha svayaM vanAne ke lie hI to mrAyA hai / lIka-lIka para calanA mahAvIra kA mArga nahI thA / kyoki lIka para brAhmaNoM kI yAjJika hiMsA aura kSatriyo ke uddaNDa jIvana kI gaharI chApa par3I thI / usa kAla me rAjyo kI zrarAjakatA bhI sAdhugro ke lie atyanta kaSTakArI zrI / kisI rAjA ke mara jAne para, rAjya sattA prApti ke lie jo bakheDe khaDe hote, unakA viSailA prabhAva sAdhuo para bhI paDatA aura unhe aneka bhAti trAsa diye jAte / usa samaya cora DAkuo ke gAva ke gA~va basate the, jinhe caurapallI kahA jAtA thaa| coroM kA netA unakA netRtva karatA / ye cora sAdhu aura sAdhviyo ko baDA dukha dete the / yadi rAjA vidharmI huA to jaina sAdhuo ko bar3I kaThinAiyA~ uThAnI paDatI thI / unheM bahudhA guptacara samajha kara pakaDa liyA jAtA thA / bastI ke nikaTa rahane vAle sAdhuo ko vaDI kaThinAiyA~ uThAnI paDatI thI / unheM bahudhA apane upAzraya athavA sthAnaka kA paharA denA par3atA thA / bahudhA durAcAriNI striyAM apana bhrUNa unake nikaTa chor3akara calI jAtI thI / cora corI kA mAla chor3akara cale jAte the / sarpa, bicchu aura kutte Adi se anya sAthI saMto kI nirantara rakSA karanI par3atI thI / duSkAla kI bhayakaratA kA prabhAva bhI bahuta burA paDatA thA / pATaliputra kA duSkAla kukhyAta hai, jabaki bhikSA ke abhAva me sahasro sAdhuo ko deza chor3anA par3A thA aura aneka grAgama gratha naSTa ho gae the / isa prakAra ke anekAneka kaSTa aura prAtaka - vizeSa upasthita hone para sAdhu ko dharma eva deha rakSA ke lie zarIra tyAga karane ko bhI vAdhya honA par3atA thA /

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jaina dharma zrAja ke gAtimaya rASTrIya jIvana meM jabaki sAmAjika nyAya aura rAjya zAsana kI samucita vyavasthA hai / kintu usa kAla ke kapTo kA anumAna lagAnA dupkara hai, jinakI jalatI jvAlA me jIvita nikala kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sahasro prajAtanAma sAbutro ne apane dharma aura kartavya kA pAlana kiyA thA / ve atyAcArI na rahe, jinhone aneka arAjakatva kAla meM hamAre pUrvaja sAdhugrI ko amAnavIya pIDAyeM dI thI, ve loga na rahe, jinake adharmamaya zAsana meM jaina sAdhugra kI kaSTa - kahAniyA bar3ha gaI thI, ve saba na rahe, para jainadharma aura jaina mAdhu zrAja bhI vidyamAna hai / yaha anyAya aura adharma para, nyAya, dharma aura satya kI jIta kA sabUta hai| 42 zramaNa aura pracAra mahAvIra kA dharma kisI kI janmagata, varNa-vargagata athavA samAjagata varSAMtI nahI hai | yaha to antazuddhi para bala dene vAlI atyanta vaijJAnika vicAradhArA hai, jo manuSya ko sahaja sarala tarIke se AdhyAtmika jIvana, aura laukika pAralaukika mukti kI ora le jAtI hai / grava, yaha to vyakti aura samAja kI sAvatA para nirbhara hai, ki vaha isa amRta me se kitanI bUMde prApta kara le | vicAra kA jIvana - pracAra Aja bhI pahale bhI -- vicAra kA jIvana, pracAra hai | vicAra dhArAye pracAra-prasAra ke AdhAra para jIvita rahatI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vicAro ko pracAra ne hI akSuNNa rakhA hai / yadyapi pracAra uddezya nahI hai, mAvya nahI hai, para vaha sAdhana avazya hai / vicAra dhArA kA jitanA vistAra hogA, samAja meM utanA hI pracAra hogA / vicAra-viSayaka jitanI jAnakArI baDhegI, utanI hI anuyAyI varga kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi hogI, aura vicAradhArA ko bhI jIvita rahane ke lie anukUla vAtAvaraNa milegA / pArasparika sauhArda, mahayoga eva sAhasa kA sacAra hogA / mahAvIra sabase baDe pracAraka eva divya sadeza savAhaka the / unhone apane samasta sAdhuo, zrAvako sAdhviyo aura zrAvikAoM ko AhvAna kiyA ki "dharma pracAra ke pavitratama granuSThAna me yayAgakti yoga dekara grAtmoddhAra eva paroddhAra karo ! " bhagavAn mahAvIra dharma pracArako, samAja vyavasthApako aura ahiMsA ke sevako ko sadaiva protsAhana dete the / upAsaka dagAgasUtra meM gozAlaka mata ke samakSa grArhatI vicAra dhArA ko vijayinI banAne vAle kuNDakoliyA zrAvaka ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ne "dhanyo'si kuNDakoliyANa tuma" kahakara dhanyavAda diyA hai /

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atIta kI jhalaka 43 zakha zrAvaka, kAmadeva tathA AnandAdi zrAvako kA vistRta varNana, gautama svAmI ko tapasviyo ke svAgatArtha jAne ke lie anumati denA va skandhaka sanyAsI jo gautama svAmI ke vAla mitra the unhe gautama gaNadhara ko svAgatArtha jAne kI anumati denA mahAvIra kI mahAnatA prakaTa karate hai| kegIkumAra zramaNa kA paradezI ko samajhAne ke lie jAnA, sAdhuoM kA nagara nagara me ghUmanA-yaha saba vyavasthAe pracAra ke lie hI huI thii| rAjA paradezI kA jIvana aura kezIkumAra zramaNa kA zvetAmbikA jAnA pracAra vRtti kA eka jvalanta udAharaNa hai| __dharma ke lie Avazyaka hai, pracAra pracAra vinA dharma kabhI Thahara nahI sakatA / isalie bhagavAn ne dharma prabhAvanA tathA dharma pradyota karanA samyaktva ke mahatvapUrNa aMga mAne hai / dIkSA se pahale bhagavAn mahAvIra ko navalokAntika devatAo ne jo prArthanA kI hai, usame bhI AtmakalyANa kI apekSA "sanva jagga jIva hiMyaM titya, pavattehi" kA ullekha AyA hai, arthAt jagat ke hita ke lie tIrtha kI pravartanA kro| (prAcArAga sUtra) vizva ke uddhAra ke lie hI ahisaka dharma kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne unhe dhanya puruSa kahA hai, jo sakaTo kA sAmanA karake ahisA tathA Ahato kI saskRti kA pracAra karate hai / mahAvIra aura bhArata kI tatkAlIna avasthA zramaNa paramparA ko adhika suvyavasthita karane ke kAraNa mahAvIra ke pAsa eka zAnti senA banAI gaI jo sAmAjika eva dhArmika kSetra me krAti kara skii| yahI kAraNa hai ki mahAvIra tatkAlIna burAiyo ke viruddha lar3a sake / yadyapi unakI vicAradhArA kA mor3a nivRtti-gAmI thA, tathApi vidhAyaka vicAra kama mahatvapUrNa nahI the / usa kAla me yajJo me jo hisA ho rahI thI, usakI amAnavIyatA se samAja aura prajA kApa uThI thii| lekina brAhmaNa eva uccavarga ke sammilita paDyantra ke phalasvarUpa kisI vyakti me itanI zakti nahIM thI ki vaha uTha khaDA hotA aura asAmAjika, amAnavIya pravRttiyo ke sacAlako ko lalakAratA / samAja eka baDA badIgRha thA, jahA varNAzrama aura bheda uccavargoM kI dayA aura dAna para nirbhara thaa| use vyaktigata svatatratA nahI thI, kyoki

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jaina dharma jAti aura sampradAya ke anyatra vyakti kA astitva nahI thA / aise adhakAramaya yuga meM prakAza kI kiraNa ke samAna mahAvIra kI mahAgirA guMjita huii| vyaktivyakti ko apanA muktidAtA milA / na kevala manuSya, varan pazupro ne bhI zAMti kI sAsa lI / yajJa kA jo dhUmila dhUmra pazu ke lahU aura majjA se gaMdhita thA, aba kevala ghI se pUrNa rahane lagA / mahAvIra ke sAdhu, sevaka senA jJAna, karma aura pANDitya ke dAvedAro ke sira jhuka gae yaha jJAna para hRdaya kI, karma para niSkAma bhAvanA kI aura pAMDitya para prema kI vijaya thI / yaha mAnavatA kI vaha sarvocca sthiti thI jo mAnava meM taba taka cale Ae dAnavatva kA anta karatI thI / yAtrika hisA kyA vada huI mAno karAla kAla ke kANDa kA mRtyugIta baMda ho gayA / prema, zAnti aura tyAga kA vAtAvaraNa mukharita huA / 44 isake atirikta mahAvIra svAmI ne tayugIna samasyAo para vistRta rUpa se vicAra pradarzita kie / yahA taka ki bhagavAn ne vyApAra me satulana, satya aura mUrcchA kA zrAvaka ko vrata diyA / sAdhu ke dvArA mahAvIra svAmI deza kI AdhyAtmika zikSA cAhate the / sevako kI eka aisI senA cAhate the jinake jIvana kA dharma manuSya mAtra ko AdhyAtmika mArga para lAnA ho / arthataMtra kI bhAvI vijaya se mahAvIra svAmI paricita the / unhone 4 panI dUra dRSTi se yaha jAna liyA thA ki manuSya dhana kA dAsa banane vAlA hai aura vana se dAsa banAne vAlA hai / isa roga se samAja kA nidAna karane ke lie mahAvIra ne vargahIna ahisaka samAja kA vidhAna diyA / samatA to unhone do hI, sAtha hI apanI svalpa zrAvazyakatA se adhika rakhanA bhI pApa batalAyA / aparigraha kA upadeza diyA / isI prakAra aNuvrata-vyavasthA kI / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mahAvrato kI vyavasthA aura jIvana-mukti kA uddezya aura pramAda ke prati ghRNA, pramANita karate hai ki ve akarma me karma aura karma abhAva meM mukti kA uddezya sAkAra karanA cAhate the / "" unhone bhAratIya jIvana meM grahisA kI prANa pratiSThA karate hue

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atIta kI jhalaka 45 sakalAtmaka hisA tyAgane para adhika jora diyA hai / hiMsA jIvana me hotI hai, para hilA ke kama se kama hone para ahisA kI ora unmukha rahanA hI bha0 mahAvIra ne zrAvaka kA Adarga udghopita kiyA hai / yadi manuSya isa prakAra jIvana vyatIta karatA hai to usakA jIvana ujjvala hotA hai, aura kalyANa ke nikaTa pahucatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bhArata ko azubha se zubha kI ora va zubha se zuddha kI ora pravRtta hone kA sadeza diyA hai| unakA sadeva vANI kI apekSA karma ke rUpa meM adhika thaa| karma ke AdhAra para diyA yaha sandeza samasta carAcara ke kalyANa-nimitta thaa| ve ahiMsA se maMtrI, satya se vizvAsa aura acaurya se niSkapaTa aura brahmacarya se teja grahaNa kara aparigraha se manuSya ko parama puruSArthI banAnA cAhate the| bhAratIya itihAsa ke una cAra mahApuruSo me se, jinhone Aja kI, sabhyatA kA nirmANa kiyA aura Arya saskRti kI pratiSThA kI uname, rAma kRSNa, buddha aura mahAvIra hai| ____ unhone bhoga para tyAga ko vijetA bnaayaa| manuSya kArya kare, parantu usakA uddezya pavitra ho| samyak jJAna ke lie dRSTi zuddha rakhakara dekhe| saMsAra kA adhyayana kre| vRttiyo ko zuddha kre| jaba taka manuSya apanA viveka jagA samAra patha para calatA rahegA, taba taka usake samasta karma subhAva vanate jaaege| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya saMskRti ahisAmaya, purupArthamaya aura sAhitya jIvanamaya, athavA jIvana muktimaya bana gyaa| loka bhASA kA prazraya loka jIvana para isa amRta vANI kA apAra prabhAva par3A / samAja kI ucchR khala avyavasthA kA anta pAyA aura manuSya ne manuSya banakara rahane kA sakalpa kiyA / usane acchA banane kA nata liyaa| sAhitya ke vividha kSetro me manuSya-mana kI sakAma pravRttiyo ko apanA bIja bone kA avasara na milaa| isase AdhyAtmika sAhitya kI unnati huI, aura jIvana sahaja svatatra huaA aura buddhi nirAmaya huI / bhagavAn lokabhApA me hI loka-sAhitya-nirmANa dekhanA cAhate the| isI hetu unhone lokabhASA kA Azraya liyaa| ve cAhate the ki sAhitya kalAtmaka aura sundara banAne vAlA ho|

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46 jaina dharma mahAvIra kI paramparA kI rakSA bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vurAI aura aviveka ke viruddha jo prAga mulagAI thI use nirantara jalAe rakhane vAle aura usakI cinagAriyo ko nabhAlane vAle una burAiyo aura aviveka ko naSTa na kara sake apitu aviveka unheM naSTa kara gayA / jisa jar3avATa, jAtivAda aura pUjIvAda ke viruddha mahAvIra uThe the, vahI jainiyo me ghara kara gyaa| antI eva apratyAkhyAnI kA jainadharma meM sthAna nahIM thA, na hai, lekina ve hI vratabhraSTa jAti se jaina kahalAne lge| Aja mahAvIra-paramparA kI rakSA karane kI sarvAdhika AvazyakatA uTha khar3I huI hai| ahiMsA, tyAga, aparigraha aura prema ke mArga se jAtIya jIvana vicalita ho gayA hai| use apane mArga aura apanI gati para lAnA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI paramparA hI use jIvita rakha sakatI hai| vizva ke nAma mahAvIra kA saMdeza bhagavAn ne ahisA ko mukti svarUpiNI mAnA hai| prema aura ahiMsA kA unakA divya sandeza pichale 2500 varSoM se vizva kI satrasta mAnavatA ko zAti detA rahA hai, lekina Aja jaba deza aura videza kI sImAe TUTa gii| aura manuSya ne samaya aura dUrI para vijaya prApta kara lI hai, usakI samasyA aura deza kI sImAe bahuta vRhad rUpa le cukI hai| sasAra pratipala saMkaTApanna sthiti se ghirA rahatA hai, kyoki bhArata jaise ahiMsaka dezo kI kamI hai, aura katipaya deza yuddha aura hisA me hI mAnava-jAti kA kalyANa dekha rahe hai| lekina, mahAvIra kA mArga apanA kara mAnava jAti eka divya gAti ko prApta karegI jo ahiMsA kA sambala banegI, aura ahiMsA, satapta saMsAra ko apane zAsana meM laayegii| yaha zAsana AtmazAsana hogA aura aise zAsana meM manuSya apane lie nahIM, dUsaro ke lie jiegaa| tava mahAvIra kA sandeza-~antarrASTrIya samAja racanA kA, vizvapAligrAmeMTa kA, vizva-sAkAra kA yaMtra, taMtra aura matra bnegaa| aura vaha dina dUra nahIM hai, kyoki manuSyatA apanI viSamatAyo aura viDambanAyo me paritrANa pAne ko baddha-parikara ho, khaDI hai /

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atIta kI jhalaka 47 ziSya-paramparA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sarvajyeSTha ziSya yadyapi gaNadhara indrabhUti the, magara bhagavAn ke nirvANa ke sAtha hI ve kevalI ho cuke the, ataeva sarvaprathama saMgha ke prAcArya kI upAdhi prApta karane kA zreya pAcave gaNadhara zrI sudharmA svAmI ko milaa| ina sudharmA svAmI se hI zruta kI paramparA jArI huii| sau varSa kI umra me inhe bhI nirvANa prApta ho gyaa| sudharmA svAmI ke pazcAt jambU svAmI dUsare prAcArya hue / yaha antima kevalI hue / inake bAda isa kSetra meM phira kisI ko mukti prApta nahIM huii| jambU svAmI ke pazcAt tIsare prAcArya prabhava svAmI the| pahale vaha pAca sau coro ke saradAra the| dUsare dina prabhAta meM muni dIkSA lene ko udyata jambU kumAra ke ghara corI karane gye| akasmAt jambU kumAra se sAkSAtkAra ho gayA aura vaha bhI vairAgI bana kara dIkSita ho ge| Akhira vahI unake uttarAdhikArI hue| jamba svAmI taka digamvara-zvetAmbara-paramparA kA eka rUpa hai| unake pazcAt dono paramparAmo me bheda ho gayA hai / zvetAmbara paramparA me prabhava, svayabhava, yazobhadra, sabhUti vijaya aura bhadrabAhu kA ullekha hai, to digambara paramparA me, viSNa, nandI, aparAjita, govardhana aura bhadrabAhu ke nAma milate hai| pratIta hotA hai, ki jambU svAmI ke pazcAt hI sagha kI ekatA zithila hone lagI thI, phira bhI matabheda ne ugra rUpa dhAraNa nahI kiyA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki dono paramparAe bhadrabAhu svAmI ko zrutakevalI svIkAra karatI hai| bhadravAhu svAmI samrAT candragupta maurya ke guru the| unhone vIranirvANa sa0 136 ke pazcAt AcArya yazobhadra ke pAsa dIkSA agIkAra kii| dIkSA ke samaya unakI umra 53 varSa kI thii| isa umra me dIkSita hokara bhI unhone 14 pUrvo kA jJAna prApta kiyaa| 14 varSa taka akhaNDa vIrasagha ke prAcArya rhe| 66 varSa kI umra meM unakA dehAvasAna ho gayA / unake samaya kI prasiddha ghaTanA dvAdazavIya durbhikSa hai, jisake kAraNa ve dakSiNa meM cale gye| isa durbhikSa kA sagha para gaharA aura sthAyI prabhAva pdd'aa|

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jaina dharma sagha chinna-bhinna ho gayA, zruti paramparA se calane vAle zruta kA bahuta sA bhAga vicchinna ho gayA / bar3e-baDe zrutadhara, aneka sAdhu, kAla ke gAla me samA gaye / ___ bhadravAhu svAmI ne daza Agamo para nirgukti racI, aimA jaina paramparA meM prasiddha hai| isake pazcAt koI zrutakevalI aryAn sampUrNa zrutadhara nahI huA, tathApi dono paramparAmo me aneka prabhAvazAlI, acyAtmaniSTha, siddhAnta ke mArmika jAtA, saMyama parAyaga aura prabhAvaka AcAryoM kA krama calatA rahA hai, jisame se kucha kA paricaya sAhitya ke prakaraNa ne diyA jaaygaa| zeSa AcAryoM ke paricaya ke lie aitihAsika gratho kA avalokana karanA caahie| guNehi sAhU aguNe'hi sAhU, gihAhi sAhU gugamaJcasAhU / viyANiyA appagamappaeNaM, jo rAga dosehiM, samo sa pujjo|| guNo se sAdhu hotA hai, aura aguNo se asAdhu / sadguNo ko brahaNa karo, aura durguNo ko chodd'o| jo apanI AtmA dvArA apanI AtmA ko jAnakara rAga aura dveSa me samabhAva rakhatA hai, vaha pUjya hai|

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saddhaM nagaraM kiccA , tava saMvara maggalaM / khaMti niuNa pAgAraM, tiguttaM duppaghaMsayaM // dhaNu parakkama kiccA, jIvaM cAIriyaM syaa| dhiiMca keyaNaM kiccA, sacceNa parimaMthae / tava nArAya jutteNa, bhittUNaM kamma kaMcuyaM / maNI vigaya saMgAmo, bhavAo parimuccae / --uttarAdhyayana, a0 9, gA0 20-22 / o sApaka ! zraddhA ko nagara banAkara, tapa savara rUpa argalA, kSamA rUpa / koTa, mana vacana tathA kAyA ke kramaza. burja, khAI tathA zata niyoM kI surakSApakti se ajeya durga bnaao| aura parAkrama ke ghanagya para, iryA samiti rUpI pratyacA caDhA kara, dhRti rUpI mUTha se pakar3a, satya rUpI cApa dvArA khIca kara, tapa rUpI bANa se, karma rUpI kacuka kavaca ko bhedana kara do, jisase saMgrAma me pUrNa vijaya prApta kara, mukti ke paramadhAma ko prApta kro| mukti-mArga

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mukti mArga "bujjhijjati tiuTTijjA, baMdhaNaM prijaanniyaa|" --suuygddaagsutt| jainadharma AdhyAtmika jJAna kI zakti para pUrNa vizvAsa karatA hai, jisase AtmA apane bandhano ko sadA ke lie toDa detA hai| aura apanI ananta asIma naisargika zaktiyo kA paripUrNa vikAsa karake zAzvata siddhi kA lAbha karatA hai| mahAvIra kahate hai-"gautama ! jo jAnatA hai, vahI bandhano ko toDatA hai| jJAna kI sArthakatA andhakAra ko dUra karake Aloka ko prApta karanA hai aura cAritra dharma kI AvazyakatA usa Aloka me dRSTigocara hone vAle doSo ko dUra kara Alokita sthAna ko svaccha evaM pAvana banAnA hai|" ___ jainadharma ke anusAra, jisase tatva kA yathArtha bodha milatA hai, vaha samyagjJAna kahalAtA hai, jisase tatvArtha para aDiga aDola vizvAsa prApta hotA .. hai, usa dRDha pratIti ko samyagdarzana kahA jAtA hai, aura jisa prAcArapraNAlikA ke dvArA anta karaNa kI vRttiyo ko niyaMtrita kiyA jAtA hai, jIvana ke antaraga aura bahiraga ko svastha eva sazuddha rakkhA jAtA hai, aisI doSanirnAzinI paddhati aura guNavikAsinI paddhati samyak cAritra kahalAtI hai| yahI jainadharma kI

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52 jaina dharma paramapAvanI triveNI hai| jisame snAna karane vAlA sAdhaka nirmala, nirvikAra aura niSkaluSa bana jAtA hai| jIvana zodhana aura mukti lAbha ke lakSya kI upalabdhi ke lie agrasara hone vAle sAdhaka ke jIvana me jJAna, Aloka, paramasatya kI zraddhA evaM ina dono se prerita pravRtti, vyavasthita rUpa se kArya karatI hai, jo isa tripuTI' kA avalambana letA hai, vahI sasAra me saccA AdhyAtmika yAtrI hai, mumukSu hai aura vahI anta meM caramasImA kA aAtmavikAsa prApta kara sakatA hai| AryAvarta ke sabhI Astika dharmo kA uddezya antata muktilAbha karanA hai, phira cAhe use paramatatva kI upalabdhi kahA jAya, caramapuruSArtha kI prApti kahA jAya, mukti yA siddhi kahA jAya athavA brahmalAbha Adi kucha aura kahA jAya / jainadharma pratyeka AtmA me IzvarIya guNo kI sattA ko dRDhatApUrvaka svIkAra karatA hai, aura una guNo kI svAbhAvika abhivyajanA ko hI mukti yA siddhi mAnatA hai| siddhilAbha ke lie vaha darzana, jJAna aura cAritra kI tripuTI kI anivAryatA svIkAra karatA hai aura spaSTa zabdo me ghoSaNA karatA hai ki jJAna vihIna: koI bhI karmakANDa kriyAkalApa tapa, japa, kAma-kleza, dehadamana Adi jaise uddezya kI siddhi nahI ho sakatI, usI prakAra kriyAhIna jJAna se bhI lakSya kI prApti nahI ho sktii| paramAtmadazA prApta karane kA ekamAtra mArga tIno kA jIvana me samanvaya honA hI hai / vastuta jJAna aura vizvAsa kA sAra zuddhAcAra hai| mAnava-jIvana me cAritra kA sarvAdhika mahatva hai| jIvana kI UcAI usake kore jJAna yA vizvAsa se nahI AkI jA sktii| divyatA kI ora hone vAlI yAtrA kA mukhya mApadaNDa cAritra hI hai| yahI kyo, dainika jIvana vyavahAra meM bhI hama dekhate hai ki vizvAsa aura jAna jaba taka manuSya ke jIvana meM sAkAra nahI ho jAte tava taka manuSya kisI bhI sAMsArika uddezya meM saphalatA prApta nahI kara sktaa| saMsAra eka ananta avirAma pravAha hai, to kyA jIva usame pASANakhaMDa kI bhA~ti bahatA luDhakatA aura Takkare khAtA hI rahegA? kyA mAnava ko isa 1 tividhai samme paNNatte, taMjahA, nANa samme, dasaNa samme caarittsmme| --sthAnAMga, sthA0 3, u0 4, sU0 194 2 nibbANa senA jaha savvadhammA, --sUtrakRtAga, a0 6, gA0 3 nANena vinAna hu~ticaraNa guNA, -uttarAdhyayana, a0 28, gA0

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mukti mArga sasAra me calanA hI hai ? usakI gati kA kahI virAma nahI hai ? koI Azrayasthala nahI, koI maMjila nahI ? agara aisA ho aura manuSya kI gati kI kahI aura kabhI vizrAnti na ho, to phira mumukSu kI sAdhanA kA uddezya hI kucha na hogaa| usakA sadAcAra, vizvAsa aura tatvajJAna-saba vyartha ho jaayege| magara nahI / jainadharma kA kathana hai-"avazya AtmA ko karmoM ke bandhano se mukti prApta hogii| isa kSaNika jIvana ke badale zAzvata jIvana kA lAbha hogA aura sasAra ke nissAra evaM du.kha va sukha se Upara uThakara avazya AtmA ko ananta sukhamaya mukti kA darzana hogaa| prAtmadarzana eva sahajasvarUpa kI upalabdhi hI samyak cAritra kA vaha zubha phala hai, jise manuSya apane prApya antima sAdhya tathA lakSya ko sunizcita rIti se prApta kara letA hai| jainatatvajJAna kI yaha eka sabase baDI vizeSatA hai ki vaha jIvana ko bujhe dIpaka kI taraha zUnya meM pariNata nahIM karatA, kisI virAT sattA meM AtmA kA vilInIkaraNa karake usake svatantra astitva ko samAptahIna banAkara pASANa kI bhA~ti jaDa nahI banAtA / jainadharma ke anusAra AtmA kI antima sthiti ananta sukha-savedana se paripUrNa aura asIma jJAna ke Aloka se sampanna hai| usa sthiti meM prAtmA kI divya zaktiyA~ nikhara uThatI hai, aura vaha parama jyotirmaya svarUpa ko prApta karatA hai| usa paramasukhamaya mukti kA jo rAjapatha ' jaina dharma ne nirdiSTa kiyA hai, vaha hai samyagjAna, samyagdarzana aura samyakcAritra kA samanvaya / yaha ratnatraya hI usa zAzvata sagIta kA prAroha banatA hai, jo gAyaka ko sadA ke lie mukti meM pratiSThita kara detA hai| samyagdarzana jainadharma jJAna ko sAdhya rUpa me svIkAra nahIM krtaa| jAna kA phala vijJAna arthAt heya-upAdeya kA viveka hai, aura vijJAna kA phala burAI ko choDakara acchAI ko svIkAra karanA hai / jJAna kA upayoga zraddhA kI svacchatA ke lie hai, aura zraddhA kA aTUTa bala jIvana godhana ke lie hai| ata jJAna kI yayArthatA para jitanA bala diyA gayA hai, utanA hI usakI saccI zraddhA para bhI diyA gayA hai| 1 "jIvAgacchanti sauggaI," -uttarAdhyayana a0 28, gA0 1-3 /

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jaina dharma AtmA ' para aura sAtha hI anya tathya bhAvo para-vastujagata para sajIva zraddhA honA hI samyagdarzana hai| jainadharma meM samyagdarzana 2 ko bahuta mahatva diyA gayA hai| samyagdarzana ke abhAva me vipula aura sUkSma se sUkSma jJAna bhI ajAna hI rahatA hai aura ugra se ugra anuSThAna bhI mithyAnuSThAna hotA hai 3 jAnAbhUti ke pIche yadi aTUTa vizvAsa, jIvita zraddhA yA dRDha pratIti na huI to jJAna kadApi hitAvaha nahIM ho sktaa| AtmA kI svarUpacyuti kA pradhAna kAraNa samyagdarzana kA abhAva hai| zraddhA ke vinA na to apane svarUpa para, aura na apane svAdhikAra kI maryAdA para, dRr3ha pratIti hotI hai, aura na sasAra ke ananta-ananta jaDa-cetana dravyo ke svatantra astitva para hI vizvAsa hotA hai| usa avizvAsI aura mithyAdarzI prAtmA kI yahI bhAvanA rahatI hai ki samUcA sasAra mere izAre para nAce, merI sattA svIkAra kare aura mere zAsana kA koI bhI ullaghana na kre| isa viSAkta dRSTi se AtmA ko hI bhrama me nahI DAla diyA hai, varan vizva kI zAnti kA bhI vidhvasa kiyA hai| dRSTi kI isa vimUDhatA kA kAraNa tatva ko yathArtha rUpa me na samajhanA aura usa para vizvAsa na karanA hI hai| jagat me jo sat hai, usakA kabhI vinAza nahI hotA hai, aura jo asat hai, usakI utpatti nahI hotii| jitane bhI maulika dravya isa loka me vidyamAna hai, be sava apane apane mUla svarUpa meM sthira rahate hai| eka dravya dUsarA dravya nahI banatA, kintu pratyeka dravya apanI anAdikAlIna paryAya-dhArA meM pravAhita ho rahA hai, isa prakAra pratyeka dravya kA rUpAntara hotA hai, magara dravyAntara nahIM hotaa| ___ mUla dravya chaha hai aura tatva nau hai / anekAnta dRSTi hI ina dravyo yA tatvo ko samajhane kI sarvazreSTha praNAlI hai| 1 uttarAdhyayana-a0 28, gA0 15 2 uttarAdhyayana-a0 28, gA0 30 3 uttarAdhyayana--a0 28, gA028 4 anuyogadvAra sUtra 141-124 / 5 sthAnAga sUtra, sthA0 9 sUtra /

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mukti mArga vItarAga kathita Agama inhe samajhane kA abhrAnta sAdhana hai / isa prakAra ke jIvanta vizvAsa ko tatvazraddhA kahate hai| tatvazraddhA hI samyagdarzana' hai| samyagdarzana kabhI-kabhI Antarika zuddhi se svata prApta ho jAtA hai, aura kabhI-kabhI satsagati se, yA paropadeza se prApta hotA hai| zAstra me inako kramaza nisargaja aura adhigamaja sajJA pradAna kI gaI hai| samyagdarzana kA virodhI guNa mithyAtva hai| jo zraddhA viparIta hai, satyaviruddha hai, vaha mithyAtva athavA mithyAdarzana hai| deva, guru aura dharma ke viSaya me bhramapUrNa yA viparIta dhAraNA banAne se mithyAtva kI utpatti hotI hai / manuSya ajJAnavaza yaha samajhane meM asamartha ho jAtA hai ki ArAdhya deva kaisA pAvana, pavitra, sampUrNa jJAnamaya aura sarvathA nirvikAra honA cAhie? isa tathya ko na samajhane ke kAraNa vaha mithyAtva ke cakkara me phaMsa jAtA hai / zAstra ke ThIka abhiprAya ko na samajhane ke kAraNa athavA kuzAstra ke svAdhyAya se zAstrIya mithyAtva AtA hai / yahA~ para yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhanI hogI ki bahuta kucha pAThaka kI dRSTi para zAstra kA samyak-mithyAtva nirbhara karatA hai| jisakI dRSTi nirmala hai, jo samyagdarzI hai, vaha mithyAzruta ko bhI anekAnta paddhati se sagata banAkara samyakazruta ke rUpa meM pariNata kara letA hai| isake viparIta, bhrAnta dhAraNAmo se grasta mithyAdRSTi samyakta ko bhI viparIta abhiprAya grahaNa kara mithyAzruta banA DAlatI hai| asat garu ke kAraNa bhI sasAra me mithyAtva phailatA hai| manuSya guru ke vAstavika svarUpa ko samajhe binA hI veSa, camatkAra, yA vAkkauzala ko dekhakara kisI ko guru mAna letA hai / isase vaha guru ke viSaya me mithyAtvI raha jAtA hai| manuSya dharma ke viSaya me yathArtha ko samajhe binA, paramparAgata dharmaviruddha rUDhiyo ko dharma samajha letA hai / vaha use kulAcAra, yA aisA hI kucha nAma dekara mAnatA hai aura mithyAtva kA zikAra banatA hai / jainadharma kA Adeza hai ki manupya ko isa prakAra viparyaya se vacakara aura durAgraha kA parityAga karake deva, guru aura dharma ke yathArtha svarUpa kA jJAna prApta karanA caahie| 1. tatvArthasUtra a0 1, sUtra 2 / 2 nandI sUtra 3. nandI sUtra /

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jaina dharma jo AtmA prakRSTa sAdhanA ke dvArA sarvajJa, sarvadargI, vItarAga, evaM anantazaktizAlI bana gayA hai, jisane mithyAtva, grajJAna, moha grAdi aneka prakAra ke vikAro para pUrNa rUpa se vijaya prApta kara lI hai, jo zuddha zrAtmasvarUpa kI upalabdhi kara cukA hai, vaha saccA deva hai / vahI arhanta paramAtmA kahalAtA hai / arhanta ko deva mAnane kI zraddhA, deva ke prati saccI zraddhA kahalAtI hai / 56 jisa mahAtmA ke jIvana me grahisA kI sugadha mahakatI hai, jo apane vizuddha AtmasvarUpa kI prApti ke lie prayatnazIla rahatA hai, jo pAca mahAvrato dvArA mukti kI anavarata sAdhanA karatA hai, aura jo vizva ke samasta jIvo kA kalyANa cAhatA hai, vaha saccA guru hai / AtmA ko pUrNatA kI ora le jAne vAlA, tathA tatva kA yathArtha jJAna karAne vAlA vItarAga kathita zruta, evaM mukti prApta karAne vAlA cAritra, dharma mAnA gayA hai ' / dayAmaya dharma aura anekAntamaya tatva hI yathArtha hai / grahisA hI samagra sadAcAra kI kasauTI hai / isa prakAra kI dRDha pratIti samyagdarzana kA mUla AdhAra hai / samyagdRSTi puruSa ke vicAra sulajhe hue hote hai / usame kadAgraha tathA matAgraha nahI hotA / vaha satya ko sarvopari mAnatA hai aura satya kI hI upAsanA karatA hai / vinamrabhAva se vaha satya ke prati samarpita hai / satya para usakI gravicala AsthA hai / dAnavI zakti bhI use satya se, dharma yA akhaNDa AtmavizvAsa se vicalita nahI kara sakatI 1 samyagdRSTi ko zuddha AtmasvarUpa kI jhAkI mila jAtI hai / vaha ananta prAtmika grAnanda se paricita ho jAtA hai / ataeva bhautika sukha use rucikara pratIti nahI hote / vaha bhoga bhogatA huA bhI uname lipta nahI hotA / samyagdarzana ko nirmala banAye rakhane ke lie pAca doSo se vacanA cAhie. 1. zaMkA, vItarAga ke vacana para avizvAsa / 2. kAkSA, paradharma ko agIkAra karane kI icchA / 3. dharma ke phala me sadeha karanA yA sato ke prati glAnibhAva rakhana 1. ThANAMga sUtra, ThANA 2, u0 1, sU0 72 2. upAsaka dazAMga a0 1,

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mukti mArga 4 mithyAdRSTiyo kI prazasA, aura 5. mithyAdRSTiyo kA ghaniSTha paricaya / mukti kI sAdhanA kA mUla samyagdarzana hai / samyagdarzana se hI AdhyAtmika vikAsa prArabha hotA hai / yaha svAbhAvika hai ki jaba taka lakSya zuddha na ho, aura dRSTi nirdoSa na bana jAya, taba taka manuSya kI sArI jAnakArI aura usake AdhAra para kiyA jAne vAlA prayAsa, saphala nahIM hotA / isI ke kAraNa samyagadarzana mukti kA prathama sopAna mAnA gayA hai| jaba antaHkaraNa meM samyagdarzana kI jyoti prakAzamAna hotI hai to anAdikAlIna andhakAra sahasA vilIna ho jAtA hai, aura samagra tatva apane vAstavika rUpa me udbhAsita hone lagate hai| tabhI AtmA ke prati pragADha ruci kA AvirbhAva hotA hai, aura sAsArika bhoga nIrasa pratIta hone lagate hai| yaha zuddha-dRSTi ke lie mukti kA dvAra khola detI hai / samyagdRSTi jIvana me prazama, savega, nirveda (virakti), anukampA aura Astikya kI pacapuTI bhAvanA AvirbhUta ho jAtI hai| vaha saba prakAra kI mUDhatAno se Upara uTha jAtA hai / aura zuddha muktimArga ko pahacAna letA hai / samyagdarzana ke ATha aMga jaise zarIra apane agopAgo me samAhita hai, usI prakAra samyagdarzana bhI apane ago me samAhitahai / samyagdarzana ke ATha aga hai, aura unakA svarUpa samajhane se samyagdarzana kA svarUpa samajha me A jAtA hai| una ago kA sakSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai 1 ni zakita' vItarAga aura sarvaja paramAtmA ke vacana kadApi mithyA nahI ho skte| kapAya athavA ajJAna ke kAraNa hI mithyA bhASaNa hotA hai| jo nikaSAya, vItarAga aura sarvajJa hone ke kAraNa pUrNajAnI hai, unake vacana satya hI hote hai / isa prakAra vItarAga vacana para dRDha zraddhA honA, ni zakita aMga hai| 2 ni kAkSita ----kisI prakAra ke pralobhana me paDakara paramata kI athavA sAsArika sukho kI abhilASA karanA, kAkSA hai / kAkSA na honA, ni kAkSita dharma hai| 1. "nissaMkoya" --uttarAdhyayana, a0 28, gA0 31

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58 jaina dharma 3 nirvicikitsA ---mani jana deha me sthita hokara bhI deha sambandhI vAsanA se atIta hote hai / ataeva ve deha kA saskAra nahIM karate / unake malina tana ko dekhakara glAni na karanA eva dharma ke phala me sandeha karanA, nirvicikitsA aga hai| 4 amUDhadRSTitva -samyagdRSTi kI pratyeka vicAraNA aura pravRtti vivekapUrNa hotI hai, usane apane jIvana kA jo prazasta lakSya niyata kara liyA hai, usakI ora Age baDhane me sahAyaka vicAra aura vyavahAra ko hI vaha apanAtA hai| kisI kA adhAnukaraNa vaha nahIM krtaa| soca vicAra kara pratyeka kArya karatA hai| jisase sagha ko lAbha ho, AtmA ujjvala ho aura dUsaro ke samakSa spRhaNIya Adarza khaDA ho, aisI hI usakI pravRtti hotI hai| isa prakAra apanI prajA ko jAgRta rakhanA aura pramAdagrasta na hone denA hI amUDhadRSTitva aga hai / / 5. upavR haNa --jo guNI jana hai, viziSTa jJAnavAn, maMyamI, dharmaprabhAvaka, samAjasevaka athavA samyagdarzI hai, unakI samucita sarAhanA karanA, unake utsAha kI vRddhi karanA, yathAzakti sahayoga denA, aura unhe baDhAvA dekara agrasara karanA upavR haNa aga hai| 6. sthirIkaraNa -sAsArika kapTo me paDakara, pralobhana ke vazIbhUta hokara, yA kisI anya prakAra se vAdhita hokara jo samyagdRSTi apane samyaktva se cyuta hone vAlA hai athavA cAritra se bhraSTa hone jA rahA hai, usakA kaSTa nivAraNa karake yA bhraSTa hone ke nimitta haTAkara, puna. use sthira karanA sthirIkaraNa aga hai| 7 vAtsalya sasAra sambandhI nAtedAriyo me sAdharmIpana kI nAtedArI sarvocca hai| anyAnya rizte moha-vardhaka hai, kintu sAdharmIpana kA sambandha aprazasta rAga ko dUra karane vAlA aura prakAza kI ora le jAne vAlA hai / aisA samajha kara sahadharmI ke prati usI prakAra Antarika sneha rakhanA, jaise gAya apane bachaDe para rakhatI hai, vAtsalya aga kahalAtA hai| 8 prabhAvanA --jagata me vItarAga ke mArga kA prabhAva phailAnA, dharma sambandhI bhrama ko dUra karanA, aura dharma kI mahattA sthApita karanA prabhAvanA aga hai| pratyeka vyakti me kisI na kisI prakAra kI viziSTa zakti vidyamAna rahatI hai| kimI meM vidyAvala to kisI me cAritravala, kisI me tyAgabala,

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mukti mArga 5e to kisI me tapobala, kisI me vAkAkti, to kisI me lekhana zakti hotI hai / jisame jo zakti ho usI ke dvArA dharmazAsana kA prabhAva baDhAnA samyagdRSTi apanA karttavya mAnatA hai / samyaktva ke ina grATha grago kA bhalIbhA~ti pAlana karane vAlA puruSa hI samyagdaSTi ke pada kA adhikArI hotA hai / purisA ! tumameva tumaM- mittaM ki bahiyA mittamicchaso ? purisA ! abhinigijjha evaM attANameva pamokkhasi / dukkhA he puruSa } hI terA mitra hai | he puruSa apanI AtmA ko vaza me kara / hogA / A0 3 / 3. 117-8 ? bAhara kyo mitra kI khoja karatA hai aisA karane se tU sarva dukho se mukta

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na cittA tAyae bhAsA kuo vijjANu sAsaNaM / visaNNa pAva kammehi, bAlA paMDiyamANiNo // --uttarAdhyayana, a0 6, gA0 11 / pahAvaMtaM nigiNhAmi suyarassI samAhiyaM / na me gacchaI ummaggaM maggaM ca paDivajjaI // -~~-uttarAdhyayana, a0 2, gA0 56 / / he sAdhaka ! nAnA prakAra kI bhASAmro kA vijJAna jIva ko durgata meM par3ane se nahIM roka sktaa| jo pApa karmo me nimagna haiM aura apane ko paNDita mAnate hai aise mUrkha manuSyo ko bhalA vidyAoM kA zikSaNa kahA~ taka sarakSaNa de sakegA? he sAdhaka | sadjJAna vaha hai jo bhAgate hue mana rUpI ghor3e ko jJAna rUpI lagAma dvArA acchI prakAra niyatrita kara le, isase sAdhaka terA azva unmArga me nahI jA sakegA, aura ThIka mArga ko grahaNa kara skegaa| SA - - samyagjJAna

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1. svarUpa :-jaina darzana ke anusAra jJAna caitanyasvarUpa hai| vaha AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa hai aura isalie AtmA se abhinna hai / yadyapi AtmA aura jJAna me guNI-guNa saMbadha hai, tathApi guNI aura guNa me jaina-darzana bheda nahI maantaa| ataeva prAtmA jJAnamaya hai / usa me ananta jJAnazakti svabhAva se hI vidyamAna hai, kintu jJAnAvaraNa karma se AcchAdita hone ke kAraNa jJAna kA pUrNa prakAza nahI hotA / jyo-jyo AvaraNa haTatA jAtA hai, jJAna prakAza baDhatA jAtA hai| jaba AvaraNa pUrNa rUpa se naSTa ho jAtA hai to AtmA kA sarvajJa rUpa prakaTa ho jAtA hai| koI bhI jJAna netra kI bhAti kevala paraprakAzaka nahI hotA, aura na svaprakAzaka hI jainadharma jJAna, jJAtA aura jJeya kI tripuTI me ekAntataH pArthakya svIkAra nahIM karatA / prAtmA jJAtA to hai hI, apane jJAna guNa se abhinna hone ke kAraNa jJAna rUpa bhI hai, aura svaya pratibhA sampanna hone ke kAraNa jJeya bhI hai| isI prakAra jJAna vastu ke bodha meM kAraNa hone se jJAna hai, aura svaprakAzya hone se jJeya bhI hai, aura kartRtva kI vivakSA se jJAna bhI hai| 1 "sva para prakAzakaM jJAnam", (jainanyAya tarka saMgraha)

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samyagjJAna 2. jJAna kI yathArthatA aura ayathAryatA:-yathArya vodha samyagjAna aura ayathArtha bodha mithyAjAna kahalAtA hai ' / yayArthatA aura ayathArthatA se kyA abhiprAya hai ? isa prazna kA uttara do prakAra se diyA jA sakatA hai-laukika arthAt dArganika dRSTikoNa se, aura AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa se| jisa jAna me sazaya, viparyAsa anadhyavasAya na ho, vaha jJAna dArzanika dRSTikoNa se yathArtha mAnA jAtA hai 2 / kintu AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa se vahI jAna yathArtha ho sakatA hai jisa ke pIche mithyAtva na ho / mithyAtva yA mithyAdarzana, jJAna ko mithyA vanA detA hai| jisa AtmA me samyagdarzana kI abhivyakti ho cukI hai, jisakI dRSTi zuddha ho cukI hai, usakA jJAna AdhyAtmika dRSTi se samyagjAna hai| isake viparIta jo jJAna sazaya Adi samAropo se yukta hai, arthAt jo saMzayayukta hai, sarpa ko rassI samajhane ke samAna viparIta bodha rUpa hai yA anirNAyaka hai, vaha dArzanika dRSTikoNa se ayathArtha hai, aura jisa jJAna ke pIche mithyAtva hai, durAgraha hai, durabhiniveza hai, AdhyAtmika jAgRti nahI hai, aura lakSya kI pavitratA nahI, vaha AdhyAtmika dRSTi se ayathArtha hai| 3. jJAna ke bheda :--jJAna sAmAnya rUpa se eka hai, phira bhI use vividha prakAra se bheda-prabheda karake samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai / jJAna kI taratama avasthAo, kAraNo evaM viSaya Adi ke AdhAra para yaha bheda-prabheda kiye gaye hai| mUlata jJAna pAca prakAra kA hai --- 1. matijJAna 2. zrutamAna 3. avadhijJAna 4. mana paryavajJAna 5 kevalajJAna 3 4. jJAna kI pratyakSa parokSatA -ina pAca jJAno me se pahale ke do arthAta matinAna aura zrutajAna parokSa hai, aura antima tIna jJAna pratyakSa hai| itara bhAratIya darzana sAdhAraNatayA indriyo dvArA hone vAle jJAna ko pratyakSa mAnate hai / 1.-2. dravya sNgrh| 2. sthAnAMga, sUtra, sthAna 2, u0 1, sUtra 71 / 3. nandI satra

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sasyajJAna netro me rUpa ko dekhanA, nAsikA se gadha kA jJAna honA, jihvA se rasa kA, tvacA se gItoSNa Adi spargoM kA, aura kAna se zabda kA jJAna honA, unake mantavya ke anusAra pratyakSa jJAna hai| kintu jainadarzana indriya-manojanya jJAna ko pratyakSa nahIM maantaa| jainadarzana ke anusAra vAstava meM pratyakSa jJAna vaha hai, jo indriyo aura mana kI sahAyatA kI apekSA na rakha kara sAkSAt AtmA se hI hotA hai / hA, loka vyavahAra ke anurodha se indriyajanya jJAna bhI pratyakSa kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu vaha sAvyavahArika pratyakSa hI hai, pAramArthika nhiiN| 5 matijJAna ke bheda --matijJAna kAraNabheda se do prakAra kA haiindriyajanya aura manojanya / ' cakSu Adi indriyo se hone vAlA jAna indriyajanya kahalAtA hai aura mana se hone vAlA manojanya / mana Antarika kAraNa hai aura rUpa Adi kisI eka hI vipaya Adi ko grahaNa nahIM karatA, isa kAraNa use anindriya kahate hai / matijAna sAmAnyarUpa se eka hone para bhI viSaya-bheda se pAMca prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai 2 / 1 mati, 2 smRti, 3 sajJA, 4 cintA, -5 abhinibodha / mati -vaha jJAna hai, jo indriya aura mana se utpanna ho, tathA vartamAnaviSayaka ho| smRti -pUrvAnubhUta vastu kA smaraNa krnaa| pUrvajanmo kA smaraNa isI ke antargata hai| saMjA -pUrvAnubhUta aura vartamAna meM anubhava kI jAne vAlI vastu me ekatva yA sAdRzya kA anusadhAna krnaa| isakA dUsarA nAma pratyabhijJAna bhI hai| cintA -bhaviSya kI vicAraNA / abhinivodha -anumaan| 6 jJAna kA krama vikAsa ---cetanA jIva kA jJAnarUpa guNa hai, aura mala me vaha eka hai| kahI vipaya ke AdhAra para aura kahI kAraNo ke prAdhAra para, aneka bheda-prabheda karake usakI mImAsA kI gaI hai / jJAna utpanna hotA hai to pahale pahala itanA sAmAnya hotA hai ki vaha vastu ke vizeSa dharmoM ko nahI 1 sthAnAMgasUtra sthAna 2 u0 1, sU0 71 / 2 nandI sUtra, matijJAna, gA0 80, tattvArthamUtra, 1-13 /

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jaina dharma jAna sakatA / vaha sattA mAtra kA grAhaka hotA hai, jisakI sattA ko vaha grahaNa karatA hai, usake nAma, guNa, kriyA, jAti Adi vizepa dharmoM ke jAnane me asamartha hotA hai| upayoga kI yaha prAthamika avasthA darzana kahalAtI hai / darzana ke pazcAt upayoga kI dhArA agrasara hotI hai| usa samaya bhI aneka avasthAe hotI hai / una sUkSma avasthAoM kA bhI jaina-zAstro meM digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| para yahA adhika vistAra me na jAkara cAra sthUla avasthAmo kA hI varNana kara denA paryApta hogA ve cAra avasthAe~ ye hai .-- 1. avagraha 2. IhA 3. avAya aura 4 dhAraNA 2 darzana me sattA nAmaka mahAsAmAnya (parasAmAnya) kA bodha ho pAyA thA, 'kucha hai, itanI-sI pratIti huI thii| usake anantara java upayoga ne aparasAmAnya (manuSyatva Adi avAntara sAmAnya) ko grahaNa kiyA aura 'yaha manuSya hai, aisI pratIti huI to vaha upayoga avagraha khlaayaa| aparasAmAnya ko jAna lene ke bAda upayoga kA jhukAva vizepa kI ora hotA hai / vaha jhukAva IhA kahalAtA hai / IhA vizepa kI vicAraNA hai| isa vicAraNA ke pazcAt java jJAna vizeSa kA nizcaya karane meM samartha ho jAtA hai to vaha avAya yA apAya kahalAtA hai| avAya ke pazcAt dhAraNAjAna hotA hai| usake tIna rUpa hai -avicyuti, vAsanA aura smRti / inake utpanna hone ke pazcAt avAya jJAna jitane kAla taka sthira rahatA hai, arthAt upayoga palaTatA nahIM hai, vaha avicyuti kahalAtA hai| upayoga palaTa jAne para pUrvavartI jJAna saMskAra kA rUpa grahaNa karatA hai to vAsanA kahalAtA hai| kAlAntara me koI nimitta pAkara vAsanA kA puna. jAgRta ho jAnA smRti hai| ___isa prakAra eka hI jJAna kI dhArA krama se vikasita hotI huI aneka nAmo se abhihita hotI hai| vikAsa-krama ke AdhAra para hI usake pUrvokta cAra bheda kiye gaye hai| ye cAro jAna pAMca indriyo se tathA mana se hote hai| isa prakAra kAraNa 1 dravyasaMgraha, gA0 43 / 2. nadIsUtra 27, tattvArthasUtra, 1-15

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samyagjJAna 67 ke AdhAra para avagraha Adi cAro ke chaha-chaha bheda hote hai aura saba milakara caubIsa bheda ho jAte hai / yahAM eka spapTIkaraNa kara denA Avazyaka hai| mana aura pAca indriyA~ ye jJAna ke chaha sAdhana do vargoM meM vibhakta hai, pahale varga me cakSu aura mana ko choDa kara zepa cAra indriyA~ sammilita hai, jo apane apane vipaya kA sparza karake use jAnatI hai| dUsare varga me mana aura cakSu-indriya hai, jo apane viSaya ko sparza kiye vinA, dUra se hI jAnatI hai / isa bheda ke kAraNa jJAna ke krama me bhI bhinnatA hotI hai| usa kramabheda ko mandakrama aura paTukrama kahate hai / mana aura netra paTukrama vAle, aura cAra indriyAM mandakrama vAlI hai| spargendriya ke sAtha jaba taka vAyu kA sparza na ho, vaha vAyu ko nahI jAna sakatA / jihvA ke sAtha padArtha kA sayoga hone para hI rasa kA jJAna hotA hai| isI prakAra gadha ke pudgalo kA nAsikA ke sAtha aura bhASAdravyo kA karNendriya ke sAtha sparza honA anivArya hai| tabhI unakA jJAna hotA hai| indriya aura viSaya kA yaha savadha vyaMjana kahalAtA hai| avagraha jJAna kA kAraNa hone se cAra prakAra kA yaha vyajana bhI avagraha hI kahalAtA hai| pUrvokta cauvIsa bhedo me ina cAra bhedo ko sammilita kara diyA jAya to matijJAna ke aTThAIsa bheda hote hai| 7 zruta jJAna -sAmAnyata zruta kA artha hai-'sunA huaa'| vaktA dvArA prayukta zabda ko sunakara zrotA ko vAcya-vAcakabhAva savadha kI sahAyatA se jo zabdabodha hotA hai, vaha zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai| isa paribhASA se spaSTa hai ki zrutajJAna se pahale matijJAna kA honA anivArya hai| jJAna ke dvArA zrotA ko zabdo kA jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha matijJAna hai| tadanantara usa zabda ke dvArA zabda ke vAkya padArtha kA jJAna honA zrutajJAna hai / . 8 mati-zruta kA antara -isa prakAra matijJAna aura zrutamAna me kArya-kAraNa kA savadha hai / matijAna kAraNa aura zrutajJAna kArya hai| matijJAna ke abhAva me zrutajJAna utpanna nahIM hotaa| yadyapi dono jJAna sAdhI hai, parokSa hai, tathApi uname bhinnatA hai| matijJAna mUka aura zrutajJAna mukhara hai / matijJAna 1. sthAnAgasUtra, sthAnAMga 6, tattvArthasUtra 1116 /

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68 jaina dharma prAya vartamAna viSaya kA grAhaka hai, jaba ki zrutajJAna trikAla viSayaka hotA hai| udAharaNa kI bhApA me yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki matijAna yadi dUdha hai, to zrutajJAna khIra hai| matijAna saNa hai to, zrutajAna usase banI rassI hai / abhiprAya yaha hai ki indriya-manojanya dIrghakAlIna jAnadhArA kA prAthamika aparipakva aza matijAna hai, aura uttarakAlIna paripakva aza zruta jJAna hai / zrutajAna agara apanI pUrNa mAtrA me prApta ho jAtA hai to manuSya zrutakevalI kahalAtA hai| zruta jJAna ke mUla do bheda hai 2 dravyazruta aura bhAva zruta / bhAva zruta jAnAtmaka hai aura dravya zruta zabdAtmaka / dravyazruta hI Agama kahalAtA hai| 9. zruta kA prAmANya -dharma ke kSetra meM Agama kI sarvAdhika mahattA hai / dharma kA dhurA Agama ke irdagirda ghUmA karatA hai| dhArmika vyakti kI dRSTi kriyA, sabhyatA aura saMskRti Agama se anuprANita hotI hai| aneka bhAratIya darzano kI bhAti jainadharma bhI Agama kA prAmANya agIkAra karatA hai; kintu usake prAmANya kI umane eka vigipTa kasauTI agIkAra kI hai| jainadharma Agama ko apauruSeya, anAdinidhana athavA Izvara dvArA preSita mAna kara chuTTI nahI pA letA / usakA kathana hai ki apauruSeya yA anAdi Agama asabhava hai| ataeva vItarAga puruSa dvArA praNIta Agama hI vizvasanIya eva pramANabhUta ho sakatA hai / jainajagat ke do mahAna dArzanika siddhasena aura samantabhadra ne svara me svara milA kara likhA hai-"jo prApta dvArA kathita ho, tarka dvArA ullaghanIya na ho, jisame pratyakSa athavA anumAna se vAdhA na pAtI ho, vahI saccA zAstra yA Agama hai / "3 yahA pahale hI vigepaNa dvArA yaha spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai ki apauruSeya hone ke kAraNa nahIM, varan prApta purupa dvArA pramANita hone ke kAraNa hI Agama ko prAmANika mAnA jAtA hai, kauna sA Agama prAptapraNIta hai aura kauna sA nahI ? yaha nirNaya karane ke lie zepa vizeSaNa prayukta kiye gaye hai| __ jainadharma ke anusAra anekAnta dRSTi ke pravartaka, akhaNDa satya ke drapTA, kevala jJAnI tIrthaGkara deva ne samasta jagata ke jIvo kI karuNA ke lie pravacana 1 "maI putvaM jeNa sua na maI mua punviA", nandisUtra 24 / 2 sthAnAMna sUtra, sthA0 2 / 3 sthAnAMga, sthA0 2-71

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samyagjJAna prasUno kI vRSTi kI hai / tIrthaGkara ke pradhAna ziSya gaNadhara deva apane buddhipaTa meM una kusumo ko jhelate hai aura pravacana-mAlA gUMthate hai / yaha pravacanamAlA jaina paramparA me pAgama-pramANa ke rUpa me svIkAra kI gaI hai| java tarka thaka jAtA hai, lakSya asthira hokara DagamagAne lagatA hai aura citta me cacalatA utpanna ho jAtI hai, to AdyapraNIta Agama hI mumukSu jano kA ekamAtra aAdhAra banatA hai| yaha pAgama hI dravyazruta kahalAtA hai aura dravyazruta ke sahAre utpanna hone vAlA jJAna bhAvabhuta kahalAtA hai / 10. bheda-kartR bheda se pAgama do bhAgo me vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| aMgapraviSTa aura aMgavAhya / jisa zruta kA sAkSAt tIrthaGkara bhagavAn ne upadeza diyA aura jise agAdha medhA eva buddhi ke dhAraka gaNadharo ne zabda-vaddha kiyA, vaha aMgapraviSTa kahalAtA hai| agapraviSTa kA zabdArtha hai-'ago me antargata" akSara-puruSa ke bAraha aga hai, jinake nAma ye hai ~~ 1 AcArAMga 2. sUtrakRta 3 sthAna 4 samavAya 5 vyAkhyAprajJapti 6. jJAtRdharmakathA 7 upAsakadazA 8. antakRdazA 9. anattaraupapAtika 10. praznavyAkaraNa 11 vipAka 12 dRSTivAda / ' ___ yaha bAraha aga samasta jainavADmaya ke mUlAdhAra hai| inhe 'gaNipiTaka' kahA gayA hai / ina agasUtro ke AdhAra para, inase aviruddha vibhinna sthaviro evaM AcAryoM dvArA racita pAgama agavAhya kahalAtA hai| aMgavAhya Agamo kI sakhyA nirdhArita nahI kI jA sakatI; magara unakI prAmANikatA kA AdhAra aga zAstra hI hai| jainAcAryoM ne vipula zruta kI racanA kI hai| bAraha upAgasUtra, cAra mUlasUtra, cAra chedasUtra, aura Avazyaka sUtra Adi Agama to hai hI, inakI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM bhI cUNi, niyukti aura TIkA Adi kA praNayana kiyA gayA hai, jisakA bahuta vaDA parimANa hai| isake atirikta bhI bahusaMkhyaka jainAcAryo ne AdhyAtmika, aura dArzanika sAhitya kA svatatra gratho ke rUpa me nirmANa kiyA hai aura Agama prarUpita sakSipta tattva kA hRdayagrAhI tarkasaMgata aura vizada vivecana kiyA hai / jainAcAryo 1 nandIsUtra 44 /

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jaina dharma kI bahuta-sI racanAe~ na kevala bhAratIya sAhitya, apitu vizva sAhitya ke vizAla bhaMDAra kI anamola maNiyA~ hai / 11 jainAcAryoM kI sAhitya-sevA ----prasagavaza yaha ullekha kara denA anucita na hogA ki jainAcAryoM ne sAhitya ke kisI bhI tatkAlIna pracalita aga ko achtA nahIM choDA hai| adhyAtma, nIti aura darzana to unake pradhAna aura priyaM viNya rahe hI hai, vyAkaraNa, kAvya, kopa, alakAra, chada, vaidyaka, jyotipa, maMtra, rAjanIti, itihAsa prAdi-Adi sabhI viSayo para unhone apanI kalama calAI, aura bhAratIya sAhitya ko vipulatA, nUtanatA eva divyatA pradAna kii| loka-bhApAtro ko sAhityika rUpa meM upasthita karane kI mUla kalpanA jainAcAryo kI hI dena hai| dakSiNa me bhI karNATaka bhApA ke prAcIna sAhitya me se jainAcAryo kI kRtiyA pRthaka kara dI jAe, to usame kucha zepa nahIM raha jaataa| isa prakAra bhArata kI prAkRta, maskRta tathA vibhinna prAntIya bhASApro kI samRddhi me jaino kA bahuta baDA bhAga hai| avadhijJAna -abhI taka jisa mati aura zruta-jJAna kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai. vaha parokSa jJAna thA, kyoki usakI utpatti indriyo aura mana para avAmbita thI, yaha dono jJAna nyUnAdhika mAtrA me sabhI sasArI jIvo ko hote hI hai / ekendriya se lekara pacendriya taka koI jIva aimA nahIM, jise yaha prApta na ho| yaha bAta dUgarI hai ki samyagdRSTi ke vaha jAna samyagjJAna aura mithyAdRSTi ke mithyAnAna hote hai, magara sAmAnya rUpa se vaha hote avazya hai| aba jina pratyakSa jAno kA svarUpa dikhalAnA hai, ve aise nahI / jahA~ taka managyo aura nIryakaro kA sambandha hai, unhe avadhijJAna sAdhanA ke dvArA hI prApta ho sakatA hai| vaha sAvanA maujUdA janma kI bhI ho sakatI hai, aura pUrvajanma kI bhI / aAtmA puna puna janma-maraNa kara rahA hai| vaha jaba navIna janma letA hai, to korA nahI janmatA, varan apane pUrvajanmo ke bhale-bure saskAro se anuprANita bhI hotA hai| ataeva jisa yAtmA ne pUrva janma me sAdhanA kI hai, vaha unale phalamvana vartamAna janma me avadhinAna prApta kara letA hai| avadhi kA artha hai 'sImA' yA 'maryAdA' / jaba aAtmA indriya aura mana kI mahAyatA ke binA hI, gAkSAt yAtmika zakti ke dvArA rUpI padArtho ko,

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samyagjhAna 71 maryAdita rUpa meM jAnane lagatA hai, taba usakA vaha jAna avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai| mAnava jAti IrSA kara sakatI hai ki devayoni aura narakayoni ke jIvo ko janma se hI avadhijJAna prApta rahatA hai / magara naraka yoni ke jIvo ke lie vaha adhika dukha kA hI kAraNa banatA hai / mana paryAyajJAna --mana paryAya jJAna viziSTa sAdhaka ko hI prApta hotA hai 2 / jisane sayama kI utkRSTatA prApta kI hai, jisakA anta karaNa atyanta nirmala ho cukA hai, vahI usa jJAna kA adhikArI hotA hai / isa jJAna ke dvArA kisI bhI samanaska prANI kI cittavRttiyo ko, manobhAvo ko jAnA jA sakatA hai| sayama kI utkRSTa sAdhanA manuSya yoni me hI hotI hai, ataeva yaha nAna manuSya ko hI ho sakatA hai / avavijJAna aura mana paryAyajAna-dono hI yadyapi apUrNa hai, tathApi vaha asAdhAraNa hai, unakI eka baDI vizeSatA yahI hai ki unakI utpatti na indriyo se hotI hai, na mana se| Atmika caitanyazakti hI unake prAdurbhAva kA kAraNa hai| (Adhunika vaijJAnika jise (Clairvoyance) kahate hai, usake sAtha kathacit avadhijJAna kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai / mana paryAya jJAna TailIpaithI yA (Mind Reading) se milatA-julatA hai / ) __kevala jJAna 3-jainadharma jAna kI parAkASThA ko ananta aura asIma mAnatA hai| brahmajJAna, AtmajJAna vA kevalajAna, jJAna kI usI parAkASThA ke bodhaka hai| __ jisa jJAna se trilokavartI aura trikAlavartI samasta vastue eka sAtha jAnI jA sakatI hai, vaha sarvottama jJAna, kevala jJAna kahalAtA hai / isa jJAna kI prApti hone para AtmA sarvajJa, sarvadarzI aura parama cinmaya vana jAtA hai| manuSya kI sAdhanA kA yaha antima phala hai / isa phala kI prApti hone para prAtmA jIvana-mukta ho jAtA hai, aura pUrNa siddha ke sannikaTa pahu~ca jAtA hai| 1 nandI sUtra 7 / 2. sthAnAMga sUtra0 sthA0 2, uddezA0 1, sU0 71 / 3 sthAnAMga sU0 sthAna 5, uddezA 3, sU0 463 /

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jaina dharma viSaya athavA kAraNa ke AdhAra para anyAnya jJAno ke aneka bheda-prabheda hote hai, kintu kevalajAna me koI bheda saMbhava nahIM, kyoki yaha paripUrNa jJAna hai, aura pUrNatA me kisI prakAra kI bhinnatA nahI hotI / ukta pA~ca jAno me se matijAna, zrutajAna aura avavijJAna, mithyAtva ke sasarga se mithyAjJAna bhI ho sakate hai / kintu mana paryava, aura kevalajAna mithyAdRSTi ko prApta nahI hote / ataeva ve samyagjAna hI hote hai| vizva kA vizleSaNa dravya vyavasthA 1 dravya mImAMsA kA uddezya -dravya athavA tattva kA bodha jIvana kI prakriyA kA mUlabhUta aga hai / zramaNa saskRti ke tattva nirUpaNa kA uddezya jijJAsApUrti nahI, cAritra-lAbha hai / isa jAnadhArA kA upayoga, sAdhaka Atmavizuddhi ke lie aura prativandhaka tattvo ke uccheda ke lie karatA hai| jaina dharma vaijJAnika dharma hai| usakA sAhitya nigUDha vaijJAnika mImAsA prastuta karatA hai / dravya vyavasthA jaina vijJAna kA vilakSaNa AviSkAra hai| Adhunika vaijJAnika anusaMdhAna jaina vijJAna ke akATya tathyo para apanI svIkRti kI muhara lagAtA jA rahA hai / jaina tatvajJAna aura Adhunika vijJAna kI samatAe~ aneka vAra vidvAno kA vismaya kA viSaya bana jAtI hai / bhautika sAdhano ke sahAre tattvaanveSaNa karane vAle vaijJAniko se AtmajJAnI mahAtmA kahIM Age bhI vaMr3ha gaye, yahI to Atma-sAkSAtkAra karane vAle dighya draSTAyo kA camatkAra hai| kintu jahA~ dono ke tattvanirUpaNa me bahuta kucha sAmya hai, vahI se dono ke uddezya meM bahuta vaDA vaipamya bhI hai / jaina dharma ke anusAra tattvajJAna muktilAbha kA eka anivArya sAdhana hai, jaba ki vijJAna kA lakSya vijJAna hI hai / pratyeka vicAra syAdvAda se parimArjita ho, aura pratyeka prAcAra ahisA se paripUrta ho to sAdhaka ke muktilAma me kucha vilamba nahI rahatA, isI kAraNa cAritra se bhI pUrva tavatnAna ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| 2. dravya kyA hai ? 1 'dravya', zabda 'drava' dhAtu se niSpanna hai| jisakA artha 1 guNaparyAyavad dravyam, tattvArtha sUtra0 a0 5, sU 38, uttarAdhyayana, a0 28, gA0 6 //

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samyagjJAna hai ki dravita honA, pravAhita honA / sasAra ke samasta padArtha utpanna hote hai, samaya pAkara naSTa hote hai, phira bhI unakA pravAha satata gati se calatA hI rahatA hai| isa prakAra tattva ke tIna svarUpa nizcita hote hai-utpanna honA, naSTa honA, dhruva banA rhnaa| kumbhakAra kheta me se miTTI lAtA hai, aura ghaDA banAtA hai / taba ghaDe kI utpatti hotI hai aura mRttikA kA nAza ho jAtA hai| mRttikA aura ghaTa, dono avasthAno meM vidyamAna sAmAnya tattva dhrauvya hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki prajanana aura vinAza kI avirata gatizIla dhArA me bhI padArtha kA mUla sthAyI rahatA hai| isI jJAna ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ne mAtRkA tripadI ' kahA hai| ina tIna azo kA samanvaya honA hI sat 2 kA lakSaNa hai / isa asIma aura ananta vizva kA kaNa-kaNa tIno azo se samanvita hai, jisame yaha tIno aga nahI, aisI kisI vastu kI sattA sabhava nahI hai| 3 vizva kA mUla -tAttvika eva maulika dRSTi se vizva kA vizlepaNa kiyA jAya to do tattva yA dravya upalabdha hote hai 3, cetana aura jar3a / katipaya dArganika jagat ke mUla me eka mAtra caitanyamaya tattva' kI sattA agIkAra karate hai to dUsare eka mAtra jaDa tattva kI / magara jainadharma na advaitavAdI hai, aura na anaatmvaadii| ataeva vaha dono tattvo ke svatantra astitva ko svIkAra karatA hai| jar3a tattva me itanI vividhatA aura vyApakatA hai ki use samajhane ke lie thor3e pRthakkaraNa kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / ataeva usake pAca vibhAga kara diye gaye hai / jIva ke sAtha una pAca prakAra ke ajIvo kI gaNanA karane se sat padArthoM kI sakhyA chaha sthira hotI hai / ve yaha hai : 1. jIva, 2 pudgala, 3 dharmAstikAya, 4. adharmAstikAya, 5. AkAza, 6. kAla / sat kA dUsarA nAma dravya hai / yaha samana carAcara loka inhI Sadravyo kA prapaca hai| inake atirikta anya kucha bhI nahI hai| dravya nitya hai, ataeva 1 mAuyANayoge, upanne vA, vigaye vAdhuve vA, sthAnAma, sthA0 10, 2 sahavvaM vA, vyAkhyAprajJapti, za0 8, u0 9 / 3. nIvadavyA ya, ajIva davA ya, anuyoga, sU0, 141

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74 jaina dharma loka bhI nitya hai| usakA kisI bhI bhautika lokottara zakti dvArA nirmANa nahI kiyA gayA hai / aneka kAraNo se samaya-samaya para usameM parivartana huA karate hai, parantu mUla dravyo kA na nAga hotA hai aura na utpAda hii| isI kAraNa jainadharma baneka muktAtmA (Izvaro) kI sattA svIkAra karatA huA bhI unhe sRSTikartA nahI maantaa| ___jIva, pudgala Adi ko dravya kahane kA kAraNa, unakA vividha pariNAmo se dravita honA hai| pariNAma yA paryAya ke vinA dravya nahI rahatA aura vinA dravya ke padArtha kA astitva nahIM hotaa| 4 pRthakkaraNa-hama jise vastu kahate hai, usame tIna aza vidyamAna hote hai-dravya, guNa aura paryAya ' / vastu kA nitya aga dravya hai, sahabhAvI aza guNa hai, aura kramabhAvI aza paryAya hai| eka udAharaNa dvArA ina tIno kA svarUpa samajhe-jIva dravya hai, usakA sadA vidyamAna rahane vAlA jJAna caitanya-guNa hai aura manuSya pazu, kITa, pataga Adi dazAye paryAya hai / yaha tIno aMga sadaiva paraspara anusyUta rahate hai, aura vastu kahalAte hai| nakSepa meM dravya vaha hai jo guNa aura paryAya se mukta ho, athavA jo utpAda aura vinAga se yukta hokara bhI apane mUla svabhAva kA tyAga na karane ke kAraNa dhruva ho| vastuno me pAI jAne vAlI bhinnatA do prakAra kI hotI hai-'anyatvarUpa' aura 'pRthaktva ruup'| dUdha aura dahI kI bhinnatA anyatva rUpa aura kAgaja tathA kalama kI bhinnatA pRthaktva rUpa hai| dUdha aura dahI ke paryAya me antara hai, magara mRla cya-pradego me nahI, jaba ki kAgaja aura kalama ke pradeza mUlataH pRthakpRthak hai / manuSya bAlaka hai, yuvA hai, vRddha hai / ina dagAno meM anyatva to hai, kintu pRthavandha nahIM, kyoki ina tIna avasthAno me mUlagata nanupya eka hI hai| dravya, guNa aura paryAya me bhI pRthaktva rUpa bhinnatA nahI hai| dravya ko yaha nAdinidhana gaktiyA~, jo dravya meM vyApta hokara vartamAna rahatI hai, guNa karatAtI hai, aura utpanna-vinaSTa hone vAle vividha pariNAma 'paryAya' kahalAte hai / ina dono kA samUha dravya kahalAtA hai| 1. uttarAdhyayana, 30 28, gA0 /

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samyagjJAna 75 ukta chaha dravyo meM se kAla ke atirikta pAca dravya astikAya? kahalAte hai, kyoki ve aneka pradego ke piNDarUpa hai / kAla dravya pradeza-pracaya rUpa na hone ke kAraNa astikAya nahI khlaataa| jIva dravya cetana aura, zeSa acetana hai / pudgala dravya mUrta' rUpa, rasa, gadha, sparza vAlA hai aura zeSa pAca amUrta hai / jIva aura pudgala dravya aura sakriyacAra dravya kriyAhIna hai / samasta loka me vyApta hone ke kAraNa uname gatikriyA sambhava nahI hai| dharmAstikAya, avarmAstikAya aura AkAza eka-eka akhaNDa piNDa hai, zepa dravya aise nahIM hai| 5 jIvadravya----jIva kA asAdhAraNa guNa, jisake kAraNa vaha anya dravyoM se pRthak siddha hotA hai, cetanA hai| cetanAvAn jIva ananta hai, pratyeka garIra meM pRthaka-pRthak jIva hai, jIva kA apanA koI AkAra nahI tathApi vaha jaba jisa zarIra me hotA hai usI ke AkAra kA aura usI ke barAbara hokara rahatA hai / eka jIva ke asaMkhya pradeza-avibhakta aza hote hai, aura ve prakAza kI taraha sakoca-vistAragIla hai| hAthI mara kara ciUTI ke padArtha me janma letA hai, to pradeza svabhAvata sikuDa kara ciU~TI ke zarIra me samA jAte hai / jJAtA, drapTA, upayogamaya, prabhu, kartA, bhoktA, baddha aura mukta yaha saba jIva ke vizepaNa hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate hai --"he gautama ! 8 jIva indriyo ke dvArA nahIM jAnA jA sakatA, kyoki vaha amUrta hai| amUrta hone se vaha nitya bhI hai|" ____ "he gotama | jIva' na lamvA hai, na choTA, na gola, na tikonA, na 1. nandI sUtra, sUtra 58 / 2 poggalatyikAya, rUvikAya, vyAkhyAprajJapti, za0 7, u0 10, 3 avaTThie nicce, nandI, sUtra 58 / 4 uttarAdhyayana, a0 28, gA0 8 / 5. uvogalakkhaNe jIve, bhagavatI za02 u010 6. pradeza sahAra-visargAbhyAM, pradIpavat, tattvArtha sUtra 5, 16 rAjapraznIya --sUtra 74, 7 uttarAdhyayana a0 28 gA0 11 8 uttarAdhyayana a0 14, gA0 19, 9. AcArAMga a0 1 /

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__76 jaina dharma caukora, na parimaNDala, na kAlA, nIlA, pIlA, rakta aura na gveta hai / sugaMdha aura durgandha usakA svarUpa nahI, khaTTA mIThA zrAdi koI rasa usame hai nahI / komala kaThora Adi sabhI sparza usase dUra haiM / vaha utpAda aura vinAza se pare hai, vaha strI nahIM, vaha puruSa nahIM, napusaka nahI, vaha arUpI sattA hai| vaha buddhi se nahI, anubhUti se grAhya hotA hai| tarkagamya nahI, svasavedanagamya hai| usakA paripUrNasvarUpa prakaTa karane me zabda asamartha hai|" "he gautama / jAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa, vIrya, sAmarthya-ullAsa, aura upayoga jIva ke lakSaNa hai|" "aham' (mai) pratyaya se jIva ko pratyakSata. pratIti hotI hai / jIva kA astitva pramANita karane ke lie granyAnya pramANa bhI hai| kintu 'aham' pratyaya sarvopari pramANa hai| pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki loka me jIva ananta hai / ve sava svabhAvataH samAna gaktiyo ke dhAraka hai, kintu karmo evaM AvaraNo ne uname anekarUpatA utpanna kara dI hai| usake AdhAra para sarvaprathama jIva do bhAgo me bAMTe jA sakate hai-sasArI aura mukta / samasta AvaraNo se rahita zuddha jIva mukta, aura AvaraNo ke kAraNa azuddha jIva sasArI kahalAtA hai| mukta jIva sabhI prakAra ke vAhya prabhAva se rahita hone ke kAraNa samAna hai, parantu samArI jIvo meM mukhyatayA karmaprabhAva ke kAraNa nAnA prakAra ke dRSTigocara hote hai|| karmaprabhAva se jIva artha bhautika jaisA bana gayA hai / jAnane dekhane kI ananta gakti hone para bhI prAkha ke vinA dekha nahI sakatA, aura kAna ke vinA suna nahIM sktaa| sasArI * jIva do kakSAmo me vibhakta hai-trasa mora sthAvara / jinheM sirpha eka sparzana indriya hI prApta hai, ve sthAvara jIva hai / jinhe do, tIna, cAra yA pAca indriyA~ prApta hai, ve trasa kahalAte hai / "vauddha darzana" meM vAIsa ("bauddha dharma darzana" pRSTha 328, sAkhyadarzana, tattvArthasUtra, a0 2, bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 5, u02,) aura sAkhya Adi darzano meM 1. sthAnAMga, sthAna 2, uddezA 1, sU0 57 /

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samyagjJAna 77 gyAraha idriyA mAnI gaI hai, magara jainadarzana pAca indriyoM svIkAra karatA hai| inake AdhAra para nIva ke pAca prakAra hote hai| jina abhAge jIvo ko sirpha eka sparzana indriya prApta hai, uname caitanya kI mAtrA svalpatama hai, ataeva sAdhAraNa logoM ne hI nahIM, adhikAza tattva-cintakoM ne bhI unake jIvatva ko nahIM samajha paayaa| unakA jIva vijJAna-apUrNa raha gayA hai / magara jainadarzana kI sarvagAminI dRSTi ne unhe dekhA hai aura unakA acchA khAsA vivaraNa bhI diyA hai / jainadarzana ke anusAra tAratamya hone para bhI ekendriyasthAvara- jIvo me cetanA ke sampUrNa vikAra upalabdha hote hai| unameM caitanya, sukhadu khAnubhUti, janma, maraNa, krodha, kaSAya, sajA Adi vidyamAna hai, jinase unake jIvatva kA samarthana hotA hai / aise jIva pA~ca' prakAra ke hai| 1 pRthvIkAya --2 mRttikA, dhAtu Adi pRthvI inakA zarIra hai / jaba taka pRthvI apane mUla piNDa se pRthka nahIM hotI, sajIva hai| 2. apkAya --3 jala hI jina jIvo kA zarIra hai, ve apkAya ke jIva hai| smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jala meM rahane vAle calate-phirate asasya jIva apkAya nahI hai / apkAya ke jIva unase pRthak hai, jinakA zarIra jala hI hai| 3. tejaskAya ---4 agni hai / jaise manuSya kA zarIra AhAra pAkara bar3hatA hai aura usake abhAva me kSINa hotA hai, usI prakAra agni bhI AhAra pAkara bar3hatI hai aura usake abhAva me kSINa hotI hai| isase usake jIvattva kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| 4. vAyukAya --5 vAyukAya havA hai| parapreraNA ke binA hI tirkI gati karanA jIva kA svabhAva hai, aura yaha svabhAva vAyu me pAyA jAtA hai| 5. vanaspatikAya :--6 vRkSa, paudhA aura latA Adi bhI sajIva haiM / jase 1. sthAnAga, sthAnAMga 5, uddezA 1, 0 364 / 2. uttarAdhyayana, a0 10, gAthA 2 / 3 AcArAMga a0 1 Pre

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78 jana dhama manuSya janma lekara bAla, yuvA aura vRddha hotA hai, vaise hI vanaspani bhI / umama manupyo ke hI samAna zayana, jAgaraNa, bhaya, lajjA Adi vikAra pAye jAte hai / jaise manuSya pathya AhAra se puSTa, aura apathya pAhAra se durbala hotA hai, umI prakAra vanaspati bhI hotI hai / manuSya kI taraha vanaspati para bhI vipa kA prabhAva hotA hai / anya prANiyoM kI taraha vanaspati bhI niyata Ayu ke bala para jItI hai| prasiddha bhAratIya vaijJAnika sara jagadIzacandra bosa ne vanaspati kA sajIva honA siddha kiyA hai| kheda hai ki yaha kArya prAge nahIM bar3hA, kintu eka samaya AegA java vijJAna, pRthvIkAya, Adi kI sajIvatA para bhI apanI svIkRti kI mohara lagAegA / isa kSetra meM jaina darzana aba bhI vijJAna se Age hai| dvIndriya jIva:--' jinheM sparza aura rasendriya prApta hai-aise dvIndriya jIva, gakha, sIpa, kRmi Adi haiN| trIndriyajIva :--' inheM eka ghrANendriya adhika prApta hotI hai / khaTamala, ciU~TI Adi isI koTi me hai| caturindriyajIva :--3 inheM netra bhI prApta hai / macchara, makkhI Adi cAra indriya vAle hai| paMcendriya jIva --manuSya, pazu, pakSI, deva, nArakI Adi pacendriya hai| inako pUrvokta cAra indriyo ke atirikta zravaNa-indriya bhI prApta hai| yaha kaI prakAra ke hai-jalacara, sthalacara, nabhacara, ura parisarpa, bhujapharisarpa aadi| koI garbhaja hote hai, aura koI samUrchima / koI samanaska aura koI amanaska hote hai / pA~co ekendriya jIvo me vanaspatikAya ke sivAya zeSa ke sAta-sAta lAkha avAntara bheda haiN| vanaspatikAya ke cauvIsa lAkha bheda hai| dvIndriya, zrIndriya aura caturindriya jIvo ke do-do lAkha prakAra hai / sava milAkara 84 lAkha jIva yoniyA hai5 ina saba jIvo kA vizada varNana, Apa vibhinna jainAgamo meM paayege| 1. prajJApanA prathama pada 2 prajJApanA prathama pada 3. prajJApanA prathama pada 4 prajJApanA prathama pada / 5. Adhunika vijJAna, dharma dravya ko Ethor or Principle of motion kahate hai|

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samyagjJAna 6. ajIvadravya .--jIvadravya ke digdarzana ke pazcAt ajIvadravya kI ora dhyAna de / jisame jIva ke guNa cetanA Adi nahIM hai, phira bhI jo utpAda, vyaya aura prauvya lakSaNa se sampanna hai aura jisa me guNo aura paryAyo kI vidyamAnatA hai, vaha ajIva dravya pAca prakAra kA hai-dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala aura kAla / dharmadravya -- yahA dharma zabda kevala jaina paramparA me hI pracalita eka pAribhASika zabda hai| vaha amUrta, akriya, akhaNDa aura lokavyApI dravya hai, phira bhI usameM nirantara pariNamana hotA rahatA hai| gatikriyA me pariNata jIva aura pudgala kI gati me sahAyaka hotA hai, jaise pAnI, machalI kI gati me, athavA lohe kI paTarI, rela kI gati me sahAyaka hotI hai, usI prakAra dharmadravya jIva aura pudgala kI gati meM sahAyaka hai / pAnI machalI ko, aura paTarI rela ko calane ke lie prerita nahI karate, phira bhI pAnI ke binA machalI, aura paTarI ke abhAva meM rela cala nahIM sakatI, isI prakAra dharma dravya kisI ko gamana karane ke lie vAdhita nahI karatA, phira bhI usake abhAva meM gati sabhava nahI hai / adharmadravya :-3 yaha dravya dharma dravya ke samAna hI hai, parantu isakA kAma jIva aura padagala kI sthiti meM sahAyaka honA hai| jaise tApa ke jhulase hue manuSya meM, chAyA dekha kara vizrAma karane kI ruci svayameva jAgRta ho jAtI hai, ataeva chAyA usakI vizrAnti kA nimitta hai, usI prakAra sthiti pariNata jIva aura pudgala kI sthiti me adharmadravya sahAyaka hai| yadyapi gati aura sthiti me jIva aura pudgala svatatra hai, kintu inakI sahAyatA ke binA gati aura sthiti sabhava nahI hai| ___ AkAzadravya --5 saba dravyo ko sthAna dene vAlA dravya AkAza hai| yaha samasta vastuo kA AdhAra hai aura Apa hI apane sahAre TikA hai / usakA aAdhAra koI anya dravya nahI hai| yaha bhI amUrta, akriya aura akhaNDa hai| sarvavyApI hai| nitya hone para bhI pariNamanazIla hai| (vaijJAnika AkAza ko 'spesa' 1. vaijJAnika ise Principle of rest kahate hai| 2 Avazyaka suutr| 3. vyAkhyA prajJapti za0 13, uddezA 4, sU0 481 / 4. vyAkhyAprajJapti za0 13, uddezA 4, sU0 481

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jaina dharma kahate hai| kATa aura hegela AkAza ko mAnasika vyApAra athavA kalpanA mAnate the, kintu AinsTIna ne siddha kiyA hai ki AkAza eka sat padArtha hai)| AkAga ke jitane bhAga me dharma aura adharma dravya vyApta hai, vaha bhAga lokAkAga yA loka kahalAtA hai| jo bhAga uname zUnya hai, vaha alokAkAga hai / dharma-adharma dravyo se gUnya hone ke kAraNa alokAkAza meM jIva aura pudgala kA gamana yA avasthAna bhI nahI hotA / ataeva alokAkAga, mUnA prAkArA hI AkAya hai / AkAza kA loka-khaNDa parimita hai, aura alokakhaNDa sabhI ora aparimita aura asIma hai| kAla dravya --1 kahA jA cukA hai ki sabhI dravya mUla svabhAva se nitya hone para bhI pariNamanazIla hai / yadyapi apane-apane pariNamana meM sava dravya Apa hI upAdAna hai, tathApi nimitta kAraNa ke abhAva meM kArya nahIM hotaa| ataeva dravyo ke pariNAma me bhI koI nimitta caahie| vahI nimitta kAla dravya hai / samasta vizva, kAla kI sattA ke bala para hI kSaNa-kSaNa meM parivartita ho rahA hai / vastue dekhate-dekhate navIna se purAtana aura jIrNa-zIrNa ho jAtI hai| yaha kAla kA hI prabhAva hai / (phrAsa ke prasiddha vaijJAnika vargasana ne siddha kiyA hai ki kAla eka Dynamic reality hai| kAla ke prabala astittva ko svIkAra karanA anivArya hai)| kAla kI sattA ke abhAva me hama kisI ko jyeSTha aura kisI ko kaniSTha kisa AdhAra para kaha sakate hai ? pudgala dravya -3 dRzyAtmaka akhila jagat pudgalamaya hai / grAma, nagara, bhavana, vastra, bhojana, vividha prakAra ke prANI varga ke zarIra Adi-Adi jo bhI hamArI dRSTi me Ate hai, sabhI pudgala hai / yadyapi yaha kahA nahI jA sakatA ki jo pudgala hai, vaha saba hame dRSTigocara hotA hai, parantu yaha avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki jo dRSTigocara hai, vaha pudgala hI hai| caya-apacaya honA aura bananA-vigar3anA-sava pudgala ke hI rUpa haiM / SaTdravyo meM eka mAtra pudgala hI marna arthAt varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza se yukta hai / 1. anuyogaddAra, dravyaguNaparyAyanAma, sU0 124, bhaganatI sU0, za0 25, uddezA 5, tU* 747 // 2. uttarAdhyayana, a0 28, gAthA 10 / / 3. bhagavatI mU0 10 13 uddezA 4 sU* 481 /

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samyagjJAna vaNa pAca hai kRSNa, nIla, pIta, rakta aura zveta / gaMdha do hai sugandha aura durgandha rasa pAca hai kaTuka, kapAya, tikta, amla, aura maSura / sparga pATha hai kaThina, mRdu, guru, laghu, gIta, uSNa, sUkSma aura snigdha / yaha saba vIsa pudgala ke asAdhAraNa guNa hai, jo tAratamya eva sammizraNa ke kAraNa sakhyAta, asakhyAta aura ananta rUpa grahaNa karate hai / zabda, gaMdha, sUkSmatA, sthUlatA, AkRti, bheda, adhakAra, chAyA, cA~danI aura dhUpa pudgala ke hI lakSaNa hai 2 / pudgala ke avasthAkRta cAra bheda 3 hai --skandha, deza, pradeza aura paramANu / sampUrNa pudgala piNDa skandha kahalAtA hai| skandha kA eka bhAga deza kahalAtA hai / skandha aura deza se juDA huA avibhAjya aza pradeza kahalAtA hai aura vaha pradeza jaba skaTa yA deza se pRthak ho jAtA hai taba paramANu kahalAtA hai| ___sAdhAraNatayA koI skandha vAdara, aura koI sUkSma hote haiN| vAdara skandha indriyagamya, aura sUkSma indriya agamya hote hai / inhe chaha bhAgo me vibhakta kiyA gayA hai .-- 1 bAdara vAdara skandha - jo TUTa kara juDa na sake, lakar3I patthara / 2. vAdara skandha - pravAhI pudgala jo TUTa kara jur3a jAte hai / 3 sUkSma bAdara - jo dekhane me sthUla kintu akATya ho, jaise - dhUpa, prakAza aadi| 4. bAdara sUkSma - sUkSma hone para bhI indriyagamya ho, jaise rasa, gadha, sparza, Adi / 5 sUkSma indriyo se agocara skadha, yathA-karmavargaNAdi 6 sUkSmasUkSma - atyanta sUkSma skandha, yathA-karmavargaNA se nIce ke dvayaNuka paryanta pudgala / paramANu, pudgala kA vaha sUkSmatama bhAga hai, jo puna vibhakta nahI ho 1. bhagavatI sU0 za0 12 uddezA 4, sa0 450 / 2 uttarAdhyayana, a0 28, gAthA 12 / 3 prajJApanA pariNAma paTa, 13 sU0 185 / 4 anuyogadvAra

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samyagjAna nahIM, pA hai ki paramANu Apa meM sampUrNa loka ko pA sakatA / paramANu me yadyapi pradeza bheda nahIM hai, magara guNabheda avazya hotA hai / usameM eka varNa, eka gadha, eka rasa, aura do sparza hote hai| zrAkha kA palaka girAne me jitanA samaya lagatA hai, usake asakhyAtave aga ko jainazAstra 'samaya'' kI sajA dete hai| jaise pudgala kA mUkSmatama paryAya paramANu hai, usI prakAra kAla kA sUkSmatama bhAga samaya hai| paramANu me acintya vega hotA hai, vaha eka samaya me sampUrNa loka ko pAra kara letA hai / jainazAstra batalAte hai ki paramANu Aga kI bhayAnaka lapaTo me se gujara kara bhI jalatA nahIM, pAnI se galatA nahI, sar3atA nahI, havA kA usa para asara hotA nahI, vaha abhedya, achedya, adAhya hai-avinazvara hai| hA, kisI skandha me java mila jAtA hai to usakA paramANu-paryAya nahI rahatA, tathApi usakI sattA banI rahatI hai| skandha ke pRthak hone para vaha puna paramANu kA rUpa grahaNa kara letA hai| _ jaina dharma kA paramANu vijJAna atyanta vizada aura gambhIra hai| jaina sAhitya meM jitanA cintana eva vizleSaNa paramANu ke viSaya meM upalabdha hai, utanA vizvasAhitya me kahI anyatra nhii| kahA jAtA hai ki Aja kA yuga paramANu-yuga hai, kintu jaina paramANu vijJAna ko samajha lene para spaSTa ho jAyegA ki Aja ke aNu-vaijJAnika vAstavika aNu taka abhI nahIM pahuMca sake hai / use pAne ke lie aba bhI gaharA gotA lagAne kI AvazyakatA hai / aNubheda kI jo bAta Aja kahI jA rahI hai, vaha vastuta skandha bheda-piNDabheda hai / aNu to avibhAjya hai| eka aNu kA dUsare aNu ke sAtha kisa prakAra sayoga arthAt vadha hotA hai ? kina vizepatAo ke kAraNa paramANu paraspara baddha hote hai, yaha jAnane ke lie jainAgamo kA abhyAsa karane kI AvazyakatA hai| (dekhie-bhagavatI sUtra, pannavaNAsUtra, pacAstikAya, tattvArthasUtra, aadi)| zabda paramANujanya nahI, skandhajanya hai, do skandho ke nagharpa se zabda kI utpatti hotI hai| kaI bhAratIya prAcArya zabda ko amUrta AkAza kA guNa kahate haiM, magara amUrta kA guNa mUrta nahI ho sakatA / zabda mUrta hai, yaha jaina mAnyatA aAja vijJAna dvArA bhI samarthita ho cukI hai| zabda kA kUpa Adi me pratidhvanita honA aura grAmophona me baddha honA usake mUrtatva kA pramANa hai / pudgala kA camatkAra---uparyukta chaha dravyo kA vistAra hI yaha jagat hai| isame inake atirikta koI sAtavA dravya nahIM hai| 1, anuyogadvAra / 2 sthAnAMga sthAna, 3 uddezA0 3 sU0 82 3. uttarAdhyayana, a0 28, gA0 8 /

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mukti mArga tattva-carcA pichale prakaraNa me dravyo ke sambandha me jo kucha kahA jA cukA hai, vastuta usI me tattva-carcA kA samAveza ho jAtA hai, kyoki jaise mUladravya jIva aura ajIva do hai, usI prakAra mUla tattva bhI yahI do hai| phira bhI jainazAstro me dravyo se pRthak tattva kA jo nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, usakA viziSTa prayojana hai| dravyanirUpaNa sRSTi kA yathArtha bodha prApta karane ke lie hai, jaba ki tattvavivecana kI pRSThabhUmi AdhyAtmika hai| sAdhaka ko isa vizAla vizva kI bhaugolika sthiti kA aura usake agabhUta padArthoM kA jJAna na ho, to bhI vaha tattvajJAna ke sahAre muktisAdhanA ke patha para agrasara ho sakatA hai, kintu tattvajJAna ke abhAva me kore dravya jJAna se muktilAbha honA sabhava nahI hai| heya, upAdeya aura jJeya kA vivekatattva vivecana se hI sabhava hai| niggaTha nAyaputta mahAvIra kA yaha amara ghoSa thA ki sAdhaka jaba taka svarUpa ko pahacAnane kI kSamatA nahI prApta kara letA, vaha mukti ke patha para agrasara nahIM ho sktaa| jainadharma jJAna ke do bheda kara detA hai--prayojanabhUta jJAna, aura aprayojanabhUta jJAna / mamA ke lie AtmajJAna hI 'prayojanabhUta jAna' hai, use apanI mukti ke lie yaha jAnanA anivArya nahI, ki jagata kitanA vizAla hai, aura isake upAdAna kyA hai ? use to yahI jAnanA cAhie ki AtmA kyA hai| sava AtmAe~ tattvata samAna hai, to uname vaiSamya kyo dRSTigocara hotA hai ? yadi bAhya upAdhi ke kAraNa vaiSamya pAyA hai, to vaha upAdhi kyA hai ? kisa prakAra usakA AtmA se sambandha hotA hai ? kaise vaha AtmA ko prabhAvita karatI hai ? kaise usase chuTakArA mila sakatA hai ? chuTakArA milane ke pazcAt AtmA kisa sthiti meM rahatI hai ? inhI prazno ke samAdhAna ke lie jainAgamo me tattva kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| sakSepa me yaha ki dravyanirUpaNa kA uddezya dArzanika eva laukika hai, aura tattvanirUpaNa kA uddezya prAdhyAtmika hai| tattva nau' hai --1 jIva 2 ajIva 3 puNya 4 pApa 5 prAstrava 6. savara 7 nirjarA 8 bara 6. mokSa / yaha jaina dharma kA prAdhyAtmika manthana tathA vikAsa ke sAdhaka aura 1 sthAnAMga, sthA0 9, sUtra, 665; uttarAdhyayana sUtra a0 28, gA0 14 //

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jaina dharma bAdhaka tattvo kA apanA maulika pratipAdana hai / jainadharma ithI tatvo ke AdhAra para jIva ke utthAna, patana, sukha, dukha aura janma-mRtyu Adi kI samasyAeM hala karatA hai| ina tattvo kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai| 1 jIva-jIva ke sambandha me pahale kahA jA cukA hai| jIva kahie yA AtmA, svabhAva se amUrta hone para bhI karmavandha ke kAraNa mUrta-sA ho rahA hai| pratyeka saMsArI jIva karma se prabhAvita hai| karmavandha AtmA ko parAdhIna aura dukhI banAtA hai| prAtmA karma upArjana karane me svatantra, kintu bhogane meM paratantra hai / AtmA svaya hI apane utyAna-patana kA nirmAtA hai / apane bhAgya kA vidhAtA hai| vaha na kUTastha nitya hai, aura na ekAnta kSaNika hI hai, kintu anya dravyo kI bhAti pariNAmI nitya hai|| 2. ajIva-ajIva kA varNana pahale A gayA hai| kahA jA cukA hai ki jIva karmabandha ke kAraNa hI apane vAstavika svarUpa se vacita hai| karma . eka prakAra ke pudgala hai| dekhanA cAhie ki jIva kA karma pudgaloM ke sAtha kyo aura kaise sambandha hotA hai| ___3. puNya-2"punAti, pavitrIkarotyAtmAnamiti puNyam / " "jo AtmA ko pavitra karatA hai athavA pavitratA kI ora le jAtA hai, vaha puNya hai / " puNya eka prakAra ke zubha pudgala hai, jinake phalasvarUpa AtmA ko laukika sukha prApta hotA hai aura AdhyAtmika sAdhanA me sahAyatA prApta hotI hai| dharma kI prApti samyak zraddhA, sAmarthya, sayama aura manuSyatA kA vikAsa bhI puNya se hI hotA hai| tIrthakara nAmakarma bhI puNya kA phala hai / puNya, mokSArthiyo kI naukA ke lie anukUla vAyu hai, jo naukA ko bhavasAgara se zIvratama pAra kara detI hai| Arogya, sampatti Adi sukhada padArthoM kI prApti puNya karma ke prabhAva se hI hotI hai| (AcArya hemacandra ne karmoM ke lAghava ko bhI puNya mAnA hai) "puNyata - karmalAghavalakSaNAt zubha krmodylmnnaacc|"--yogshaastr-pr0 4, zlo0 107 / jina prakAro se puNyopArjana hotA hai, unhe nau' bhAgo meM vibhakta kiyA hai. 1. appA kattA vikattA ya, uttarA0, a0 20 gA0 37 / 2 sthAnAMga, abhayadeva TIkA, prathama sthAna 2. navapuNNe, ThANAMga, gaNA 9.

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samyagjJAna 1. annapuNya bhojana kA dAna denaa| 2. pAna puNya pAnI kA dAna denaa| 3. layanapuNya nivAsa ke lie sthAna-dAna krnaa| 4. gayanapuNya zayyA, sastAraka-bichaunA Adi denA / 5. vastrapuNya vastra kA dAna denaa| 6. mana puNya mana ke zubha evaM hitakara vicAra / 7. vacanapuNya prazasta vANI kA prayoga / . . 8. kAyapuNya zarIra se sevA prAdi zubha pravRtti krnaa| . -- 6. namaskArapuNya - gurujano evaM guNI jano ke samakSa namrabhAva -- dhAraNa karanA, aura prakaTa karanA / puNya ke bhI do bheda hai .--1. dravya puNya aura 2. bhAva puNya / anukampA, sevA, paropakAra Adi zubha-vRttiyo se puNya kA upArjana' hotA hai| vizva, rASTra, samAja, jAti tathA dukhI prANiyo ke dukhanivAraNa karane kI bhAvanA, tathA tudanukUla pravRtti karane se puNya kA vandha hotA hai / aura inhI saguNo ko samyakdRSTipUrvaka sampAdana kiyA jAya, to yaha dharma tathA nirjarA ke bhI kAraNa bana jAte hai| pApa---jisa vicAra, uccAra eva AcAra se apanA aura para kA ahita ho aura jisakA phala aniSTa-prApti ho, vaha pApa kahalAtA hai / pApa-karma AtmA ko malIna aura dukhamaya banAte hai / nimnalikhita aThAraha azubha AcaraNo me sabhI pApo kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| 1 praannaatipaat-hiNsaa| 2. mRSAvAda-asatya bhApaNa / 3. adttaadaan-caurykrm| 4. maithuna-kAma-vikAra, laigika prvRtti| . 5. parigraha-mamatva, mUrchA, tRSNA, 6. krodha-gussA / saMcaya / 7 mAna-ahakAra, abhimAna / 8. mAyA-kapaTa, chala, SaDayantra, kUTanIti / 6. lobha-sacaya ke sarakSaNa kI 10. rAga-pAsakti / vRtti| 11 dvepa-ghRNA, tiraskAra, IrSyA 12. kleza-sagharSa, kalaha, laDAI, jhagar3A Adi / ___ Adi / 1 'bhagavatI, za0 7, u0 6, sUtra 286 /

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lr' ghr' 13. amyAkhyAna-doSAropaNa 14. pizunatA-cugalI 15. prprivaad-prnidaa| 16. rati-arati-harpa aura zoka / 17 mAyAmRSA-kapaTa sahita jhuutth| 18 mithyAdarzanazalya-ayathArtha zraddhA / Asrava ----1 AtmA me karmoM kA AnA aura unake Ane kA kAraNa Asrava kahalAtA hai / mana, vacana, aura kAya kI vaha saba vRttiyA, jinase karma AtmA kI ora AkRSTa hote hai, Asrava hai / prAsrava karmavandha kA kAraNa hai| AtmA ke loka me prAsrava hI karmoM kA pravezadvAra hai / mumukSu-jIva ko yaha jAna lenA anivArya hai ki vaha kauna-sI vRttiyA~ yA pravRttiyA hai, jinake kAraNa karmo kA Agamana hotA hai ? unhe jAne binA niruddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, aura muktilAbha bhI nahI liyA jA sktaa| Asravajanaka vRttiyo aura pravRittayo kI ThIka taraha gaNanA nahIM ho sakatI, tathApi vargIkaraNa karake jainazAstro me aneka prakAra se unakA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai / mUla meM unakI saMkhyA pAca hai ...1. mithyAtva viparIta shrddhaa| 2. avirati ahiMsA, asatya aadi| 3. pramAda kuzala anuSThAna me anAdara / 4. kaSAya krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha / 5, yoga mana, vacana aura kAyA kA vyApAra / saMvara- mumukSu jIva karmoM ke prAsrava ke kAraNo ko pahacAna kara jaba unase viruddha vRttiyo kA avalambana letA hai to Asrava ruka jAtA hai / Asrava kA ruka jAnA hI saMvara hai / udAharaNArtha-yathArtha zraddhAniSTha banane para mithyAtvajanya Asrava ruka jAtA hai, ahiMsA satya Adi vrato kA AcaraNa karane se avirati-janya prAsrava nahI hotA, apramatta avasthA me pramAdajanya Asrava nahIM hotA, vItarAgadazA prApta kara lene para kaSAya-janya prAsrava ruka jAtA hai, aura pUrNa AtmaniSThA prApta kara lene para yoga-janya Asrava ruka jAtA hai| karmAsrava kA nirodha mana, vacana, kAya ke aprazasta vyApAra ko rokane 1. samavAyAMga, samavAya 5 / 2. uttarAdhyayana, a0 29, sUtra 11 / 3 tattvArtha sUtra, a0 9, sUtra 2, sthAnAMgavRtti, sthA0 1 /

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samyagjJAna 87 se, vivekapUrvaka pravRtti karane se, kSamA Adi dharmoM kA AcaraNa karane se, anta.. karaNa meM virakti jagAne se, kapTa-sahiSNutA aura samyak cAritra kA anuSThAna karane se hotA hai| koI bhI sAdhaka yoga-kriyA ko sarvathA niruddha nahIM kara sktaa| uThanA, baiThanA, khAnA-pInA, sabhASaNa karanA Adi jIvana ke lie anivArya hai| jainazAstra ina pravRttiyo kI manAhI nahI karatA, parantu ina para aMkuza avazya lagAtA hai, aura vaha aMkuza hai viveka kaa| sAdhaka jo bhI pravRtti kare, vaha vivekapUrNa honI cAhie, usameM viveka kI AtmA bolanI cAhie, vaha samasta kriyAeM prAsrava hai jinake pIche aviveka kAma karatA hai, isake viparIta vivekapUrNa kI jAne vAlI kriyAye dharma aura saMvaramaya hai| nirjarAH--' saMvara navIna pAne vAle karmoM kA nirodha hai, parantu akelA saMvara mukti ke lie paryApta nhii| naukA me chidro dvArA pAnI pAnA Asrava hai| chidra banda karake pAnI roka denA savara smjhie| magara jo pAnI prA cukA hai, usakA kyA ho ? use dhIre-dhIre ulIcanA paDegA / basa, yahI nirjarA hai| nirjarA kA artha hai-~-jarjarita kara denA, jhADa denA / pUrvabaddha karmoM ko jhADa denA, pRthak kara denA nirjarA tattva hai| karmanirjarA ke do prakAra hai-- popakramika aura anaupakramika / paripAka hone se pUrva hI tapa prayoga Adi kisI viziSTa sAdhanA se, balAtkarmoM ko udaya me lAkara jhADa denA aupakramika nirjarA hai| apanI niyamaavadhi pUrNa hone para svataH karmoM kA udaya me AnA aura phala dekara haTa jAnA anaupakramika nirjarA hai| isakA dUsarA nAma savipAka nirjarA hai| yaha pratyeka prANI ko pratikSaNa hotI rahatI hai / bandha aura nirjarA kA pravAha avirAma gati se baDha rahA hai| kintu sAdhaka savara dvArA navIna Asrava ko niruddha kara, tapasyA dvArA purAtana karmoM ko kSINa karatA calatA hai / vaha anta me pUrNarUpa se niSkarma bana jAtA hai| magara yaha sAdhanA sarala nahI hai| isake lie sabhI para padArtho me 1. sthAnAga, sthA0 5, u0 1, sUtra 409 / / 2 jahA mahAtalAgassa, uttarAdhyayana, a0 30, gA0 5 / 3 uttarAdhyayana, a0 13, gA0 16 /

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jaina dharma anAsakti aura sAtha hI zrAtmaniSThA apekSita hai / aisA sAdhaka apane virAT caitanyamvarUpa ko prApta karanA hI apanA ekamAtra vyeya mAnatA hai / jainazAstra sAdhaka - jIvana kI anAsakti ko yo prakaTa karate hai. - 'avi appaNo videhami, nAyarati samAiya / ' sasAra ke anya padArthoM kI bAta to dUra rahI, sAdhaka kA apane zarIra para bhI mamabhAva nahI rahatA / vaha granta stha hokara svarUparamaNa me hI lIna rahatA hai / isI kAraNa sayamI sAdhaka ko gravipAka nirjarA kA amUlya tattva prApta hotA hai, jisake bala para vaha koTi-koTi karmoM ko kSaNa bhara me phala bhoge binA hI bhasma kara detA hai / graDola grakampa sAvaka jagat meM rahatA huA bhI, jagat se aura deha me rahatA huA bhI deha se aisA gralipta rahatA hai jaise kIcar3a, pAnI, aura Aga me paDA huA sonA apane svarUpa me zuddha banA rahatA hai / alipta bhAva se kiyA huA tapazcaraNa karmasaghAta para aisA prahAra karatA hai ki vaha jarjarita hokara grAtmA se pRthak ho jAte hai / jaina paribhASA meM ise 'sakAma' nirjarA kahate haiM | 88 vivaza hokara, hAya-hAya karate hue bhI karma bhoge jAte haiM, aura phala dene ke bAda ve nirjIva ho jAte hai / vaha grakAma nirjarA hai / sAdhAraNa sasArI prANI prakAmanirjarA dvArA hI karmoM ko jIrNa karate hai, parantu aisA karate-karate ve aura adhika navIna karma upArjana kara lete hai, jisase unheM mukti nahI mila pAtI | abhiprAya yaha hai ki icchApUrvaka samabhAva se kaSTa sahanA, sakAma nirjarA, aura granicchApUrvaka vyAkula eva azAntabhAva se kaSTa bhoganA, akAmanirjarA hai / bandha - grAtmA ke sAtha, dUdha-pAnI kI bhA~ti, karmo kA mila jAnA, vandha kahalAtA hai / kina vRttiyo evaM pravRttiyo se karmo kA grAva hotA hai, yaha hama dekha cuke hai, magara prazna yaha hai ki AtmA ke sAtha karmo kA vandha hotA kaise hai ' grAtmA rUpI aura karma pudgala rUpI haiM / grarUpI ke sAtha rUpI kA vandha kisa prakAra sabhava *9 ? isa prazna kA uttara yaha hai ki yadyapi AtmA apane svarUpa se arUpI hai; tathApi granAdi kAla se karmabaddha hone ke kAraNa rUpI bhI hai / mohagrasta 1. syAnAMga, sthAna 2, uddezA 2, prajJApanA paTa 23, sU0 5 /

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samyagjJAna sasArI prANI ne aba taka kabhI apanA amUrta svabhAva prApta nahIM kiyA hai, aura jaba vaha use prApta kara letA hai to phira kabhI karmabaddha nahIM hotaa| khanija svarNa kA miTTI ke sAtha kava sayoga huA, nahI kahA jA sktaa| isI prakAra prAtmA ke sAtha pahale-pahala kava karmoM kA bandha huA, yaha bhI nahI kahA jA sktaa| isa sambandha me jo kucha kahA jA sakatA hai, vaha yahI ki inakA sambandha anAdikAlIna hai| jaise cikane padArtha para rajakaNa Akara cipaka jAte ha, usI prakAra rAga-dveSa kI cikanAhaTa ke kAraNa karma AtmA se baddha ho jAte hai / rAga-dveSa, moha Adi jo vikRta bhAva karmapudgalo ke bandha me kAraNa hai, ve bhAva bandha hai, aura karma pudgalo kA Atmapradezo ke sAtha ekameka honA dravya bandha hai| pudgala kI aneka jAtiyo me eka 'kArmaNa' jAti hai / isa jAti ke pudgala sUkSmatara raja ke rUpa me sampUrNa loka me vyApta hai| jaba AtmA me rAgAdi vibhAva kA AvirbhAva hotA hai, vaha pudgala vahI ke Atmapradezo se baddha ho jAte hai, jahA~ ve pahale se maujUda the| yahI bandha kA svarUpa hai| bandha ke samaya una karmo me cAra bAte niyata hotI hai, jinake kAraNa vandha ke bhI cAra prakAra' kahe jAte hai| gAya ghAsa khAtI hai, aura apanI audarya yantrapraNAlI dvArA use dUdha ke rUpa me pariNata kara detI hai| usa dUdha me cAra bAte hotI hai - 1 dUdha kI prakRti (madhuratA) 2 kAlamaryAdA-dUdha ke vikRta na hone kI eka avdhi| 3 madhuratA kI taramatA, jaise bhaisa ke dUdha kI apekSA kama, aura vakarI ke dUdha kI apekSA adhika madhuratA honA aadi| 4 dUdha kA parimANa sera, do sera Adi / - isI prakAra karma me eka vizeSa prakAra kA svabhAva utpanna ho jAnA prakRtibandha hai| karma ke svabhAva asakhya hai, phira bhI unhe pATha bhAgo me vibhakta kiyA gayA hai, jinakA spapTIkaraNa pRthak pariccheda me diyA gayA hai| svabhAva-nirmANa ke sAtha hI usake baddha rahane kI kAla avadhi bhI nizcita ho jAtI hai, jise sthiti bandha kahate hai / phala (rasa) dene kI tIvratA athavA 1 samavAyAMga, samavAya 4 /

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jaina dharma mandatA 'anubhAgabandha' yA 'rasa bandha' hai, aura karmapradezoM kA samUha 'pradeza vanva" kahalAtA hai / 90 ina cAra bandho meM se prakRtivandha aura pradezavandha yogo kI cacalatA para nirbhara hote haiM, arthAt kitane karmadala bandha, aura uname kisa prakAra svabhAva utpanna ho, vaha bAta mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika spandana ke tAratamya ke anusAra nizcita hotI hai / karma kitane samaya taka AtmA ke sAtha vaddha rahe, aura kitanA manda, madhyama yA ugra phala pradAna kare, yaha niyati kaSAya kI tIvratA - mandatA para gravalamvita hai / mokSa - saMvara dvArA navIna karmoM kA zrAgamana ruka jAne aura nirjarA dvArA pUrvavaddha samasta karmoM ke kSINa ho jAne ke phalasvarUpa AtmA ko pUrNa niSkarma dazA prApta ho jAtI hai / jaba karma nahI rahate to karmajanita upAviyA~ bhI nahI rahatI, aura jIva apane vizuddha svarUpa ko prApta kara letA hai / yahI jainadharma-sammata mokSa hai / mukta dazA meM AtmA grazarIra, granindriya, ananta caitanyaghana, sarvajJa, sarvadarzI aura ananta Atmika vIrya se sampanna ho jAtA hai / vaha saba prakAra kI kSudratAoM se pratIta virAT svarUpa kI upalabdhi hai / vikAra hI vikAra ko utpanna karate haiM, jo AtmA sarvathA nirvikAra ho jAtA hai vaha phira kabhI vikAramaya nahI hotA / vaha zrAsrava aura bandha kekAraNo se sadA ke lie mukta ho jAtA hai / isI kAraNa mukta dazA zAzvatikahai / muktAtmA phira kabhI sasAra me avatIrNa nahI hote vaha janma-maraNa se zrAtyantika nivRtta hai / 3 grAtmA svabhAvata. UrdhvagatizIla hai / jisa prakAra mRttikA se liptatUvA jala meM choDa dene para nIce kI ora calA jAtA hai, aura TheTha paide para jA TikatA hai, kintu lepa gala jAne para halkA hokara pAnI kI sataha para nA jAtA hai, aura jaise gragnizikhA svabhAvata. Urdhvagati karatI hai, usI prakAra AtmA karmalepa se mukta hote hI svabhAvataH Urdhvagamana karatI hai / 1 uttarAdhyayana, a0 29, sUtra 72 / 2. uttarAdhyayana, a0 36, gA0 67 / 3 dazAzrutaskagha, a0 5, gA0 13 /

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samyagjJAna magara lokAkAza se Age gati sahAyaka dharmadravya nahIM hai| ataeva vahA~ usakI gati kA nirova ho jAtA hai, aura muktAtmA lokAna bhAga' meM hI pratiSThita ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra samasta aupAdhika bhAvo se chuTakArA pA lenA, caitanyAnubhUti kI pUrNa vizuddhi ho jAnA, yA AtmA kA parama-AtmA vana jAnA hI mokSa hai| yahI Izvaratva kI prApti hai| saMsAra-dazA me, prAtmA me jJAna aura prAnanda ke jo vikRta aza anubhava meM Ate hai, ve prAtmA ke svAbhAvika jJAna aura Ananda nAmaka guNa ke vikAra hai| mukta-dagA meM vaha apane zuddha svarUpa meM prakaTa ho jAte hai, ataeva muktAtmA pUrNa jJAna, aura pUrNa eva anirvacanIya Ananda kA anubhava karate hai| __ mokSa-lAbha hI mAnava-jIvana kA narama aura parama puruSArtha hai / yahI samasta sAdhanAmo kA sAra hai| pramANa-mImAMsA jainazAstro me jJAna kI mImAsA ke do prakAra upalabdha hote hai-Agamika paddhati se aura tArkika paddhati se| Agamika paddhati, aura tArkika paddhati me vastutaH koI maulika bheda nahIM hai, tathApi dono kA vargIkaraNa judA-judA hai| prAgamika paddhati ke vargIkaraNa ke anusAra jJAna ke pAca bheda hai-matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, mana paryAyajJAna, aura kevala jJAna / inakA digdarzana hama Age karege / tArkika paddhati ke anusAra sazaya, viparyAsa aura anadhyavasAya se rahita samyagjJAna, pramANa kahalAtA hai| pramANa jJAna ko cAra bhAgo me vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| 1. pratyakSa 2. anumAna 3. Agama aura 4. upamAna / inakA sakSipta svarUpa isa prakAra hai - 1 pratyakSa :-3 vizada jJAna arthAt jisa jJAna me vastugata vizeSatAe pracuratA se pratIta hotI hai, vaha pratyakSa hai| pUrvokta pAca jJAno me se mati jJAna 1 uttarAdhyayana, a0 36, gA0 57 / 2. paccakkhe, aNumANe, ovamme, Agame, anuyogadvAra / pramANadvAram / 3. se kiM taM paccakkhe ? anuyogadvAra-pramANadvAram /

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92 jaina dharma aura zruta jJAna parokSa hai aura grantima tIna avadhi, mana paryAya, aura kevala jJAna- pratyakSa' hai / pratyakSa meM bhI pravadhijJAna aura mana:paryayajJAna vikala yA Azika pratyakSa hai, aura kevala jJAna paripUrNa hone ke kAraNa sakala pratyakSa kahalAtA hai / matijJAna aura zrutajJAna vastuta parokSa hai, kintu loka-pratIti ke anusAra vaha sAvyavahArika pratyakSa bhI kahalAte haiM / 2. anumAna anumAna tarkazAstra kA prANa hai / yadyapi zranumAna pratyakSamUlaka hotA hai, to bhI usakA apanA viziSTa sthAna hai / anumAna ke dvArA hI hama sasAra kA adhikatama vyavahAra calA rahe hai / anumAna ke grAvAra para hI tarkazAstra kA vizAla bhavana khaDA huyA hai / a 4 kArya-kAraNa ke siddhAnta se anumAna pramANa kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai / agni se hI dhUmra kI utpatti hotI hai, aura agni ke prabhAva meM dhUmra utpanna nahI ho sakatA, isa prakAra kA kAryakAraNa bhAva vyApti yA avinAbhAva samvandha kahalAtA hai / isakA nizcaya tarka pramANa se hotA hai / zravinAbhAva nizcita ho jAne para kAraNa ko dekhane se kArya kA bodha ho jAtA hai / vahI bodha anumAna kahalAtA hai / kisI jagaha dhUma se uThate hue gubbAre ko dekhakara pradRSTa agni kI kalpanA svata hotI hai" yahI anumAna jJAna hai / kahIM koI zabda sunAI detA hai, to zrotA usI samaya nizcita kara letA hai ki yaha zabda manuSya kA hai athavA pazu kA hai / manuSyoM meM bhI amuka manuSya kA hai, aura pazuo me bhI gramuka pazujAti kA hai / isa prakAra kevala svara se svara vAle ko jAna lenA anumAna kA phala hai / anumAna ke do bheda hai . -- svArthAnumAna aura parArthAnumAna / anumAnakarttA java grapanI anubhUti se svayaM hI kisI tathya (jJeya - sAdhya ) kA hetu 1. parokkhe NANe duvihe, sthAnAMga sUtra, sthA0 2 / 2. tivihe paNNate, anuyogadvAra pramANadvAram / 3. se ki taM aNumANe, anuyogadvAra0 pramANadvAram / 4. anuyogadvAra, pramANadvAram, mallaghArIyA TIkA / 5 aggi ghUmeNaM 6 sakhaM saddeNaM

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samyagjJAna (sAdhana) dvArA jJAna prApta karatA hai, to vaha svArthAnumAna kahalAtA hai| aura jaba vaha vacanaprayoga dvArA kisI anya ko vahI tathya samajhAtA hai, to usakA vaha vacana-prayoga parArthAnumAna kahalAtA hai / svArthAnumAna jJAnAtmaka hai, aura parArthAnumAna vacanAtmaka hai| parArthAnumAna kA zAbdika rUpa kyA honA cAhie ? isa viSaya ko lekara bhAratIya nyAyazAstriyo ne bahuta vicAra kiyA hai| nyAyadarzana me parAryAnumAna ke pAca avayava svIkAra kiye gaye hai, jo isa prakAra hai - 1. parvata me agni hai (prtijnyaa)| 2. kyoki vahA dhUmra hai (hetu) / 3. jahA-jahA dhUmra hotA hai, vahAM-vahA agni hotI hai (vyApti) jaise rasoI ghara (udaahrnn)| 4. parvata me bhI dhUmra hai (upanaya) / 5. ataeva agni hai (nigamana) jaina tArkika samajhadAro ke lie iname se prathama ke do avayavo kA prayoga hI paryApta mAnate hai / alavattA kimI avodha vyakti ko samajhAne ke lie adhika avayavoM kA prayoga karanA Avazyaka ho to unake prayoga me koI hAni nahI samajhate / magara pAMco avayavo ke prayoga ko ve anivArya nahIM smjhte| 3. Agama pramANa --' zrutajJAna ke vivecana me Agama pramANa kA varNana kiyA jaayegaa| 4. upamAna pramANa -3 prasiddha padArtha ke sAdRzya se aprasiddha padArtha kA samyak bodha honA upamA yA upamAna pramANa kahalAtA hai| 'gavaya gau ke samAna hotA hai' yaha vAkya jisane suna rakkhA hai, vaha vyakti jaba acAnaka gau ke sadRza pazu ko dekhatA hai, to pahale sune hue usa vAkya kA smaraNa karake jhaTa samajha jAtA hai, ki yaha gavaya hai| isa prakAra darzana aura smaraNa dono ke nimitta se hone vAlA sadRzatA kA jJAna hI upamAna hai| 1 paMceviha paNNataM / 2. se kiM taM Agame, anuyogadvAra, pramANadvAram / 3 se ki ta ovamme, anuyogadvAra, pramANadvArama /

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jaina dharma pramANo kA yaha vargIkaraNa tarkAnusArI hone para bhI grAgamika hai / paJcAvatI tArkika AcAryoM ne pramANa kA vargIkaraNa dUsare prakAra se kiyA hai| unake anusAra pramANa do prakAra ke hai, pratyakSa aura parokSa / pratyakSa pramANa ke bhI do bheda hai ---sAvyavahArika pratyakSa, aura pAramArthika pratyakSa' / parokSa pramANa pAca prakAra kA hai - 1. smRti, 2 pratyabhijJAna, 3. tarka4 anumAna aura 5 aAgama / smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki isa vargIkaraNa me bhI pUrvokta vargIkaraNa se koI maulika yA vastugata pArthakya nahI hai| isame upamAna pramANa ko pRthaka sthAna nahI dekara, pratyabhijJAna meM sammilita kara liyA gayA hai| smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna aura tarka usa vargIkaraNa ke anusAra sAvyavahArika pratyakSa ke antargata hai| nayavAda 1. naya svarUpa --vizva ke samasta darzanazAstra vastutattva kI kasauTI ke rUpa me pramANa ko agIkAra karate hai| kintu jainadarzana isa sambandha me eka nayI sUjha detA hai| usakI mAnyatA hai ki pramANa akelA vastutattva ko parakhane ke lie paryApta nahIM hai / vastu kI yayArthatA kA nirNaya pramANa aura naya ke dvArA hI ho sakatA hai| jainetara darzana naya ko svIkAra na karane ke kAraNa hI ekAntavAda ke samarthaka vana gaye hai, jaba ki jainadarzana nayavAda ko aMgIkAra karane se anekAntavAdI hai| pramANa vastu kI samagratA ko, usake akhaNDa eka rUpa ko viSaya karatA hai / naya usI vastu ke azo ko, usake khaMDa-khaDa rUpo ko jAnatA hai| kisI bhI vastu kA pUrA aura samyak jJAna prApta karane ke lie usakA / vizlepaNa karanA anivArya hai / vizleSaNa ke binA usakA paripUrNa rUpa nahI jAnA jA sktaa| tattva kA vizleSaNa karanA aura vizlipTa svarUpa ko samajhanA naya kI upayogitA hai| 1. jaina nyAya tarka sagraha (yazovijaya) pramANa khaNDa /

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samyagjJAna nayavAda ke dvArA paraspara virodhI pratIta hone vAle vicAroM ke avirodha kA mUla khojA jAtA hai, aura unakA samanvaya kiyA jAtA hai / naya vicAro kI mImAsA hai| vaha eka pora vicAro ke pariNAma, aura kAraNa kA anveSaNa karate hai, aura dUsarI ora paraspara virodhI vicAro me avirodha kA vIja khoja kara samanvaya sthApita karate hai| kyA AtmA-paramAtmA aura kyA jar3a padArtha, sabhI viSayo me paraspara virodhI mantavya upalabdha hote hai| eka jagaha vidhAna hai ki AtmA eka hai, to dUsarI jagaha kahA gayA hai ki AtmAe ananta-ananta hai / aise viruddha dikhAI dene vAle mantavyo ke viSaya me nayavAda apekSA kI nIti apanAtA hai| vaha vicAra karatA hai ki kisa dRSTikoNa se AtmAe aneka hai ? isa prakAra ke dRSTikoNo kA anveSaNa karake una vicAro kI sacAI kA AdhAra khoja nikAlanA hI naya kA kAma hai, ataeva naya vividha vicAro ke samanvaya kI pIThikA taiyAra karatA hai / isalie nayavAda apekSAvAda bhI kahalAtA hai| jagata ke vicAro ke AdAna-pradAna kA sAdhana naya hai / pratyeka vastu ananta dharma-svabhAva guNa vidyamAna hai / unake viSaya me ananta abhiprAyo ko viSaya karane vAle naya bhI ananta hote hai / abhiprAya yaha hai ki ananta dharmAtmaka vastu ko akhaNDa rUpa meM jAnane vAlA jJAna pramANa kahalAtA hai, to usI vastu ke kisI eka dharma ko jAnane vAlA jJAna naya kahalAtA hai| pramANa anekAza grAhI hai, to naya eka aza kA grAhaka hai| 2. naya kI satyatA--kahA jA sakatA hai ki aneka azo meM se sirpha eka aza ko grahaNa karane vAlA naya mithyAjAna hai| naya yadi mithyAjJAna hai to vaha vastutattva ke nirNaya kA AdhAra kaise bana sakatA hai ? isa prazna kA uttara yahI diyA jA sakatA hai ki kisI bhI naya kI yathArthatA isa bAta para avalambita hai, ki vaha dUsare naya kA virodhI na ho| udAharaNa ke lie AtmA ko liijie| eka naya se AtmA nitya hai aura dUsare naya se AtmA anitya hai / AtmA kA prAtmava zAzvata hai, usakA kabhI vinAza sabhava nahI hai, isa dRSTikoNa se AtmA nitya hai| kintu AtmA zAzvata hotA huA bhI aneka rUpo meM parivartita hotA rahatA hai| kabhI manuSya ke paryAya me utpanna hotA hai, kabhI pazu-pakSI kI yoni me

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96 jaina dharma janma letA hai, to kabhI naraka kA kIr3A bana jAtA hai| isa dRSTikoNa se AtmA anitya bhI hai| yahAM nityatAgrAhI naya agara anityatAgrAhI naya kA virodha na kare, usake prati upekSA rakhe aura sirpha apane dRSTikoNa ke pratipAdana taka hI sImita rahe to vaha samyaknaya kahA jaaegaa| isake viparIta, jaba eka naya apana dRSTikoNa ke pratipAdana ke sAtha dUsare nayo ke dRSTikoNa kA virodha karatA hai to aisA karanevAlA naya mithyAnaya bana jAtA hai| sarala zabdo me kahanA cAhie-koI naya tabhI taka saccA hai, jaba taka vaha dUsare ko jhUThA nahI kahatA / jaba usane dUsare ko jhUThA kahA to vaha svayaM jhUThA ho gyaa| 3. nayabhedaH--kahA jA cukA hai ki eka vastu me ananta-ananta dharma hai aura usame eka eka dharma ko grahaNa karane vAlA abhiprAya naya kahalAtA hai| isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaba dharma ananta hai to naya bhI ananta hone caahieN| vAstava me aisA hI hai| jagat me pracalita abhiprAya yA vacana-prayoga gaNanA ma nahI pA sakate to unako grahaNa karane vAle nayo kI gaNanA bhI sambhava nahI / isIlie jainadarzana kahatA hai : 'jAvaiyA vayaNapahA, tAvaiyA ceva huMti nyvaayaa|' arthAt-jitane vacana ke patha hai, yA vastu sambandhI abhiprAya hai, utane hI naya ke prakAra hai| phira bhI vargIkaraNa ke siddhAnta kA upayoga kiyA jAya to una samasta nayo ko do bhAgo me vATA jA sakatA hai| 1 dravyAthikanaya aura 2 paryAyAthika ny|| mUla padArtha dravya kahalAtA hai aura usakI vibhinna aura dezo aura kAlo meM hone vAlI nAnA avasthAe paryAya kahalAtI hai| samasta vicAro kI pravRtti yA to dravya ke dvArA yA paryAya ke dvArA hotI hai, ataeva mUlabhUta do hI hai / draca nitya hai, ataeva nityatA ko grahaNa karanevAlA naya dravyArthika naya kahatAtA hai| 1. se ki taM gae ? tatamUlaNayA paNattA anuyogadvAra nayadvArama,

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samyagjJAna 17 madhyama rIti se ina dono nayo ke sAta bheda kiye gaye hai :-1 1. naMgama 2 sagraha 3. vyavahAra 4 RjusUtra 5. zanda 6. samabhirUDha aura 7. evaMbhUta / inakA makSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai : 1. naMgama :-- nigama arthAt lokarUDhi yA laukika saskAra se utpanma huI kalpanA ko naigama naya kahate hai| jaise caitrazuklA trayodazI Ane para kahanAaAja mahAvIra bhagavAn kA janma dina hai| vAstava meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma aDhAI hajAra varSa pUrva huA thA, phira bhI lokarUDhi ke anusAra aisA kahA jA makatA hai / yadyapi rAstA kahI AtA-jAtA nahI, phira bhI loga kahate hai -yaha gastA dillI jAtA hai| phUTe ghar3e meM pAnI cUtA hai, magara duniyA kahatI hai, ghar3A catA hai / jisa dRSTikoNa se aise kathana sahI samajhe jAte hai, vaha dRSTikoNa naigama naya kahalAtA hai| 2. saMgrahanaya--2 sagrahanaya kA artha hai abheda dRSTi / jaDa aura cetana tattvo kI jo dhArA samAna rUpa se pravAhita ho rahI hai, usI sAmAnya tattva ko mukhya karake sattAdharma kI pradhAnatA ko lakSya me rakhakara saba ko eka rUpa mAnane vAlA abhiprAya sagrahanaya kahalAtA hai| jar3a aura cetana eka hai, kyoki dono me eka hI sattA samAna rUpa se vyApta hai| saba AtmA eka hai, kyoki unakI svAbhAvika cetanA meM koI vilakSaNatA nahIM hai / manuSya mAtra eka hai, kyoki manuSyatva jAti eka hai / isa prakAra samAna dharma ke AdhAra para ekatva kI sthApanA karanA sagrahanaya hai| smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jina vastuo meM kisI samAna dharma ke AdhAra para ekatA kI kalpanA kI gaI hai, uname bahuta se viziSTa dharma bhI hote hai, jinake AdhAra para unheM eka dUsare se pRthaka kiyA jA sakatA hai| magara sagraha naya unhe svIkAra nahIM krtaa| 1. se ki taM Nae ? sattamUlaNayA paNNatA, sthAnAMgasUtra sthA0 7, sUtra 552 / 2 anuyogadvAra, nayadvAra, gA0 137 /

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jaina dharma ____3. vyavahAra naya ---' padArtho me rahe hue vizeSa arthAt bhedakArI dharmoM ko pradhAna karake uname bheda svIkAra karane kA dRSTikoNa vyavahAra naya hai| saMgraha naya abheda kI pradhAnatA para calatA hai, magara abheda se loka-vyavahAra nahI cala sktaa| jar3a aura cetana sattA kI samAnatA ke kAraNa bhale hI eka ho, magara jaDa me cetanA nahI hai, aura cetana jIva me cetanA hai / isa kAraNa dono kI bhinnatA bhI vAstavika hai| manuSyatva ke lihAja se manuSya mAtra eka hai sahI, phira bhI manuSya-manuSya me pratyakSa dikhAI dene vAlA antara bhI vAstavika hai| isa prakAra pRthakkaraNa vAdI dRSTikoNa vyavahAranaya hai / loka-vyavahAra abheda se nahI, bheda se calatA hai| sagrahanaya kI dRSTi me sADI aura pagar3I eka hai, magara sAr3I kI jagaha pagar3I, aura pagar3I kI jagaha sADI se kAma nahI calatA, dono meM bheda hai aura usa bheda ko svIkAra karanA hI vyavahAra naya hai| yaha tIna naya sAdhAraNatayA dravya ko hI pradhAna rUpa se grahaNa karate hai, ataeva inhe dravyAthikanaya kahA gayA hai / 4. RjusUtranaya ---2 kabhI kabhI mAnavIya buddhi bhUta aura bhaviSyat ke svapno ko ThukarA kara tAtkAlika lAbhAlAbha ko hI lAbhAlAbha svIkAra karatI hai / bhUtakAlIna vastu vinaSTa ho jAne ke kAraNa asat hai, aura bhaviSyatkAlIna utpanna na hone ke kAraNa asat hai| unakI koI upayogitA nahI / vartamAnakAlIna samRddhi hI vAstava me samRddhi hai| jo dhana naSTa ho gayA, aura bhaviSya me milegA, vaha korA svapna hai / Aja usakI koI sattA nhii| isa prakAra buddhi java vartamAna ko hI sarvasva mAnakara calatI hai, to vaha vartamAna viSayaka vicAra RjusUtranaya kahalAtA hai| 5. zabdanaya --3 pUrvokta cAra naya vastu ko pradhAna rakha kara vicAra karate hai / ataeva inhe arthanaya kahate hai| zabdanaya aura isase Age ke samabhirUDha tathA evabhUtanaya zabda sambandhI vicAra prastuta karate hai| ata yaha tIno 1. anuyogadvAra, naya dvAra, gA0 137 / 2. " " " " 138 /

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samyagjJAna zabdanaya kahalAte hai| gandanaya paryAyavAcI zabdo ko ekArtha svIkAra karatA hai, magara uname yadi kAla, liMga, kAraka, vacana yA upasarga kI bhinnatA ho to unhe ekArthaka nahI maantaa| lekhaka likhatA hai-'ayodhyA nagarI thii|' yadyapi ayodhyA nagarI lekhaka ke samaya meM bhI hai, phira bhI vaha 'hai' na likhakara 'thI' kyo likhatA hai ? isa prazna kA uttara zabdanaya yaha detA hai ki kAlabheda se ayodhyA nagarI me bhI bheda ho jAtA hai / ataeva lekhaka ke samaya ko ayodhyA aura hai tathA jisa samaya kI ghaTanA vaha likhatA hai, usa samaya kI ayodhyA aura thii| isIlie lekhaka 'ayodhyA thI,' aisA likhatA hai, 'ayodhyA hai' nahI likhatA hai| yaha kAlabheda se arthabheda kA udAharaNa hai| isI prakAra liMgabheda se bhI arthabheda ho jAtA hai yathA, nara aura nArI / upasarga kA bheda bhI artha me bheda utpanna kara detA hai| jaise prasthAnagamana, sasthAna-grAkAra / athavA AhAra, vihAra, prasAra, parihAra, sahAra, nIhAra aadi| ina udAharaNo ke AdhAra para kAraka aura vacana Adi ke bheda se vastubheda ho jAne kI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai| 6 samabhirUr3ha naya--1 yaha naya zabdanaya se bhI eka kadama Age baDhakara sUkSma zAbdika cintana karatA hai| kahatA hai-agara kAla aura liMga Adi kI bhinnatA arthabheda utpanna kara sakatI hai to vyutpatti (zabdo kI banAvaTa) ke bheda se bhI vastubheda kyo na mAnA jAya ? ata samabhirUDhanaya vibhinna paryAyavAcI zabdo ko ekArthaka nahI maantaa| isake matAnusAra sabhI koSa mithyA ha, kyoki ekArtha bodhaka aneka gabdo kA pratipAdana karate hai / koSa 'rAjA' 'nRpa' aura 'bhUpa' ko ekArthaka batalAtA hai, kintu inakI banAvaTa para dhyAna diyA jAya to unakA arthabheda spaSTa hai| rAjadaNDa ko dhAraNa karane vAlA: 'rAjA / ' manuSya kA pAlana karane vAlA 'nRp|' pRthvI kA rakSaNa karane vAlA, 'bhUpa' kahalAtA hai| agara 'nRpa' aura 'bhUpa' zabdo kA eka hI artha mAnA jAya to manuSya aura pRthvI kA artha bhI eka ho jAnA caahie| vaiyAkaraNo me 'zabdabhedAt arthabheda -arthabhedAt zabdabheda' arthAt 1 anuyogadvAra, nayadvAram, gAthA 139 /

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jana dharma zabda ke bheda se artha meM aura artha ke bheda se zabda me bheda ho jAtA hai, yaha pracalita siddhAnta isI dRSTikoNa para avalambita hai / 7 evaMbhUtanaya--' yaha naya sUkSmatama gAbdika vicAra hamAre sAmane prastuta karatA hai| isakA kathana yaha hai-yadi vyutpatti ke bheda se artha me bheda ho jAtA hai to jaba vyutpattilabhya artha kisI vastu me ghaTita ho, tabhI usa zabda kA prayoga karanA cAhie aura java vaha artha ghaTita na ho taba usa zabda kA prayoga nahI karanA caahie| evaMbhUtanaya samasta zabdo ko kriyAvAcaka hI mAnatA hai| saMjJAvAcaka guNavAcaka, bhAvavAcaka athavA avyaya Adi ke nAma se prasiddha sabhI zabda kriyAvAcI hI hai| pratyeka zabda se kisI na kisI kriyA kA hI bodha hotA hai| ataeva java padArtha, jaisI kriyA kara rahA ho, taba usI kriyA ke vAcaka zabda se use abhihita kiyA jA sakatA hai| udAharaNArtha-"adhyApaka" kA artha hai, paDhAne kI kriyA karana vAlA to jaba koI vyakti yaha kriyA kara rahA hai, to tabhI use adhyApaka kahA jA sakatA hai / java vaha khAtA, sotA yA calatA hai, taba adhyApana-kriyA nahI karatA aura isa kAraNa use adhyApaka bhI nahI kahA jA sktaa| adhyApana kriyA na karane para bhI yadi use adhyApaka kaha diyA jAya to phira dukAnadArI yA rasoIyA ko bhI adhyApaka kahane me kyA harja hai ? isa prakAra evabhUtanaya kriyA ko hI zabdaprayoga kA niyAmaka mAnatA hai| sAta nayo ke vivecana se spaSTa ho jAyegA ki nayavAda me ananta dharmo ke akhaNDa piNDa rUpa vastu ke kisI eka dharma ko pradhAnatA dekara kathana kiyA jAtA hai| usa samaya vastu me gepa dharma vidyamAna to rahate hai, magara ve gauNa ho jAte hai / isa prakAra satya ke eka aza ko grahaNa karane vAlA jJAna hI naya hai| nayo dvArA pradarzita satyAza aura pramANa dvArA pradarzita akhaNDa satya milakara hI vastu ke vAstavika aura sampUrNa svarUpa ke vodhaka hote hai / jainAgamo me naya siddhAnta nirUpaNa bahuta vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| aneka atha kevala isI viSaya ko samajhAne ke lie likhe gaye hai| 1. anuyogadvAra, nayadvAram, gAthA 139

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samyagjJAna anekAnta 101 santa saMskRti ke prANapratiSThApaka aura samanvaya siddhAnta ke praNetA zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne tatva vicAra kI eka maulika aura atizaya divya paddhati jagat ko pradAna kii| yahI nahIM, unhone vastu ke sarvAGgINa svarUpa ko samajhAne kI eka sApekSa bhASA-paddhati bhI dii| unhone batalAyA - " vicAra aneka haiM, aura vahuta bAra ve paraspara viruddha pratIta hote haiM, parantu uname bhI eka sAmajasya hai, avirodha hai, aura use jo bhalIbhA~ti dekha sakatA hai, vahI vAstava me tatvadarzI hai / " ? paraspara virodhI vicAro me avirodha kA AdhAra vastu kA anekadharmAtmaka honA hai / eka manuSya jisa rUpa me vastu ko dekha rahA hai, usakA svarUpa utanA hI nahI hai / manuSya kI dRSTi sImita hai, para vastu kA svarUpa sIma hai / pratyeka vastu virAT hai, aura ananta ananta gro, dharmo guNo aura zaktiyo kA piNDa hai / yaha grananta graza usame sat rUpa se vidyamAna hai / yaha vastu ke sahabhAvI dharma kahalAte hai / isake atirikta pratyeka vastu dravyazakti se nitya hone para bhI paryAya zakti se kSaNa kSaNa meM parivartanazIla hai / yaha parivartana (paryAya) eka do nahI, hajAra lAkha bhI nahI, ananta hai, aura ve bhI vasta kehI bhinna hai / yaha graza kramabhAvI dharma kahalAte hai / isa prakAra ananta sahabhAvI dharmo aura ananta kramabhAvI paryAyo kA samUha eka vastu hai / magara vastu kA vastutva itane meM bhI samApta nahI hotA, vaha isase bhI vizAla hai | jaise sikke ke do vAjU hote hai, aura dono vAjU milakara hI pUrA sikkA vanatA hai, usI prakAra pratyeka padArtha sattA aura sattA dono zo ke samudAya se banA hai / abhI jina dharmoM aura paryAyo kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, ve saba to sirpha sattA - hai / grasattA praza isase bhI virAT hai aura vaha bhI vastu kA graga hI hai / kisI bhI padArtha me itara padArtho kI abhAva rUpa se pAI jAne vAlI vRtti, vastu kA sattA praza hai / 1 syAdvAdamaMjarI, kArikA, 5 /

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102 jaina dharma spaSTatA ke lie eka udAharaNa liijie| ghaTa Apake sAmane hai| prApa Akho se ghaTa kA rUpa aura prAkAra hI dekha pAte hai| magara ghaTa sirpha rUpa aura AkAra mAtra nhiiN| ___ Apa ghaTa ko UcA uThAege to Apako usake kucha adhika dharma pratIta hoge, usakA gurutva mAlUma hogA, cikanApana pratIta hogA, aura bhI kucha mAlUma ho sakatA hai / magara ghaTa kA yaha svarUpa pUrA nahI hogaa| ghaTa kA pUrA svarUpa samajhane ke lie Apa kisI tatva-jJAnI kI garaNa liijie| vaha Apako batalAegA ki ghaTa me jaise, rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza Adi sthUla indriyo se pratIta hone vAle guNa hai, usI prakAra indriyo se pratIta na hone vAle guNa bhI hai, aura aise guNa ananta hai / ____ aba Apane samajha liyA ki ghaTa me ananta guNa vidyamAna hai / phira bhI kyA eka ghaTa kA svarUpa pUrA ho gayA ? tatvajJAnI kahegA-"jI nahI, abhI to ghaTa kA prAdhA svarUpa bhI Apane nahI samajhA / " ghaTa isase bhI kahI virAT hai / yahA taka to ghaTa me sadaiva rahane vAle (sahabhAvI) guNo kI hI bAta huii| magara ghaTa me ananta dharma aise bhI hai, jo sadaiva vidyamAna nahIM rahate, jo utpanna hote aura naSTa ho jAte haiN| aise dharma kramabhAvI dharma kahalAte hai| unhe paryAya bhI kahate hai| acchA ghaTa, ananta sahabhAvI dharmo aura ananta kramabhAvI dharmoM kA piNDa hai| yaha jAna lene para to ghaTa kA pUrA svarUpa jAna liyA, kahA jA sakatA hai| tatvajJAnI kahegA-"nahIM, yaha to ghaTa kI eka hI bAjU hai / ise sattA kI vAjU samajhie, abhI dUsarI asattA kI bAjU to achUtI hI raha gaI hai|" vaha asattA kI bAjU kyA hai ? ghaTa ghaTa hai, yaha sattA kI vAjU hai, aura ghaTa paTa nahI, mukuTa nahI, zakaTa nahI, lakuTa nahI, kaTa nahI, ghaTa ke sivAya aura kucha bhI nahI, yaha asattA kI vAjU hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki ghaTa meM ghaTa se bhinna jagata ke samasta padArthoM kI asattA rUpa se jo vRtti hai, vaha bhI ghaTa kA hI asattA rUpa svabhAva hai / ghaTetara padArtha ananta hai, ataeva ghaTa ke asattA-dharma bhI ananta hai| ina sadbhAva aura abhAva rUpa dharmoM ko jAna lenA hI ghaTa ko pUrI taraha 'jAna lenA kahalAtA hai| yaha ananta dharma jJAna ke binA nahI jAne jA sakate / ataeva zAstra kahatA hai "je ega jANai se savva jANai, je savva jANai se egaM jaanni|" jo eka padArtha ko jAnatA hai, vaha saba ko jAna letA hai, aura jo sava ko jAnatA hai, vahI eka ko jAna sakatA hai /

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samyagjJAna yadyapi jagat me mUlabhUta tatva do hI hai / jIva-cetanAtmaka aura ajIvaacetanAtmaka, kintu donoM hI apane apane svabhAva me, guNo me aura paryAyo me anantatA se sampanna hai| bAta kaThina-sI mAlUma hotI hai, magara satya kI AtmA ko pUrI taraha samajha lenA sarala nahI hai / phira bhI manuSya kI dRSTi sampanna ho, to dainika vyavahAra me Ane vAlI vastupro se bhI vaha bahuta kucha sIkha sakatA hai| ___ miTTI ke eka kaNa ko liijie| eka-eka kaNa me ananta-ananta svabhAvoMkA sammizraNa hai| usakA eka svarUpa nahI, eka AsvAda nahIM, eka raga-rUpa nahI / eka phuTa vargAkAra bhUkhaDa me kisAna kabhI kaDavI tIkhI aura caraparI mirca botA hai, kabhI madhura Ikha botA hai, aura kabhI saMtare yA nIbU kA peDa lagAtA hai / yaha sabhI cIje miTTI ke una kaNoM meM se hI apanA-apanA poSaNa, . svAda, rUpa, raga, saba kucha prApta karatI hai / miTTI eka hai / khAne me cAhe miTTI kA svAda miTTI jaisA hai, kintu bhinna bIjo kI zakti, usI miTTI me se, apanI apanI zakti ke anusAra apane svabhAvAnukUla abhISTa tatva ko khIca letI hai / aisI sthiti me agara koI kahatA hai ki miTTI kaTuka hI hai, to usakA aisA kahanA asat vyAkhyAna hogA, aura yadi koI yahI gATha bApa kara baiTha jAya ki miTTI meM eka hI svAda hotA hai, aura eka hI raga-rUpa hotA hai, to yaha hogI aAgraha kI jddtaa| yadyapi yaha kathana tatva ke nAte sApekSa satyA ho sakatA hai, tathApi guNa aura paryAya ke nAte vaha mithyA hI rhegaa| yaha huI jaDa padArtha kI vAta / aba eka cetana puruSa ke vipaya me bhI vicAra kara lIjie, eka hI puruSa ke kitane nAte hote hai ? vaha kisI kA pitA, kisI kA putra, kisI kA bhAI, kisI kA pati, zvasura, devara, jeTha, mAmA, bhAgineya, dAdA aura potA hotA hai / na jAne kitane sambandho kA ambAra usa para ladA hai ? parivAra ke bAhara vaha dukAnadAra hai, grAhaka hai, sAhUkAra hai, denadAra hai, guru hai, ziSya hai, kisI sasthA kA matrI, koSAdhyakSa aura sabhApati hai / na jAne kyA-kyA hai ? isa prakAra eka puruSa aneka rUpo me hamAre samakSa AtA hai| yadyapi pitRtva aura putratva Adi dharma paraspara virodhI jAna par3ate hai| magara apekSA bheda usa virodha kA mathana kara detA hai| anekAnta kI khUbI hI yaha hai ki pratIta hone vAle virodha kA vaha nivAraNa kara de / to jisa prakAra eka puruSa me paraspara viruddha se pratIta hone vAle

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104 jaina dharma pitRtva aura putratva Adi dharma vibhinna apekSAgro se susaMgata hote hai, usI prakAra pratyeka padArtha me sattA-asattA, nityatA-anityatA, ekatA-anekatA Adi dharma bhI vibhinna apekSAgro se susagata hai, aura uname kucha bhI virodha nahIM hai| isa tathya ko samajha lenA hI anekAntavAda ko samajha lenA hai| ___ tatva kI vicAraNA aura satya kI gaveSaNA meM sarvatra anekAnta dRSTi apanAI jAya to dhArmika sagharpa, dArzanika vivAda, paMthoM kI caukAvaMdI aura sampradAyo kA kalaha, mAnava saskRti kI AtmA ko AghAta nahI pahucA sktaa| isase samatvadarzana kI parama pUta preraNA ko bala milatA hai, aura manuSya-dRSTi udAra, vizAla aura satyonmukhI banatI hai| samAja, nIti, kalA aura vyApAra ke kSetra me aura sAtha hI gharelU sambandho me to anekAnta ko svIkAra karatI hai| vaha eka aisI anivArya tatva vyavasthA hai use svIkAra kiye binA eka Daga bhI nahI calA jA sakatA / phira bhI vismaya kI bAta hai ki dArzanika jagat use sarvamAnya nahIM kara skaa| dArzaniko kI isase vaDI dUsarI koI durbalatA, aura asaphalatA zAyada nahI ho sktii| __ kauna hai jo padArthoM kA upayoga karatA huaA, miTTI ke nAnAtva ko svIkAra na karatA ho, eka hI miTTI ghaTa, ITa, pyAlA Adi nAnA rUpo me hamAre vyavahAro me AtI hai / aAma apane jIvana kAla meM aneka rUpa palaTatA rahatA hai| kabhI kaccA, kabhI pakkA, kabhI harA aura kabhI pIlA, kabhI kaThora aura kabhI narama, kabhI khaTTA aura kabhI mIThA hotA hai| yaha usakI sthUla avasthAe~ hai / eka avasthA naSTa hokara dUsarI avasthA kI utpatti me dIrgha kAla kI apekSA hotI hai / magara usa bIca ke dIrgha kAla me kyA vaha Ama jyo kA tyo banA rahatA hai / aura sahasA hare se pIlA tathA khaTTe se mIThA ho jAtA hai ? nahI, grAma pratikSaNa apanI avasthAe palaTatA rahatA hai / magara ve kSaNa-kSaNa palaTane vAlI avasthAeM itane sUkSma antara ko lie hue hotI hai ki hamArI buddhi me nahI aatii| jaba vaha antara sthUla ho jAtA hai tabhI buddhi-grAhya banatA hai| isa prakAra asakhya kSaNo meM asakhya avasthA-bhedo ko dhAraNa karane vAlA Ama Akhira taka Ama hI banA rahatA hai| isa tathya ko jainadarzana yo vyakta karatA hai ki-padArtha kI mUla sattA hI, jo eka hone para bhI aneka rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai, padArtha kA mUla rUpa haidravya hai, aura usake kSaNa-kSaNa palaTane vAle rUpa paryAya hai| usakA niSkarSa yaha

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samyagjJAna 105 nikalA ki pratyeka padArtha ke do rUpa hai :- antaraga aura bahiraMga / antaraga dravya, aura bahiraMga rUpa paryAya kahalAtA hai / padArtha kA antaraMga rUpa eka hai, nitya hai, parivartanazIla hai, aura bahiraMga rUpa aneka, pranitya aura parivartanazIla hai / dravya paraspara viruddha zrananta dharmoM kA samanvita piNDa hai| cAhe vaha jaDa ho yA cetana, sukSma ho yA sthUla, usameM virodhI dharmoM kA adbhuta sAmaMjasya hai / isI sAmajasya para padArtha kI sattA TikI hai / aisI sthiti me vastu ke kisI eka hI dharma ko agIkAra karake aura dUsare dharmo kA parityAga karake vAstavika vastu svarUpa ko grAMkane kA prayatna karanA upahAsAspada hai, aura apUrNatA me pUrNatA mAnakara santoSa kara lenA pravacanAmAtra hai / anekAntavAdI kA dRDha vizvAsa hai ki sat kA kabhI nAga nahI hotA, aura sat kI kabhI utpatti nahI hotI / miTTI kA mUla dravya navIna banAyA jA sakatA hai / hA, usakA rupAntara svataH bhI aura dUsaro ke prayoga se bhI hotA rahatA hai / basa yahI dvividhAtmaka padArtha kI sthiti hai, jise aikAntika Agraha se nahI samajhA jA sakatA / ananta dharmAtmaka vastu ke vicAra me uThe hue anekavidha dRSTikoNo ko samucita rUpa se samanvita karane kI zrAvazyakatA hotI hai / usI AvazyakatA ne nayavAda kI vicAra saraNi ko prastuta kiyA hai / syAdvAda pichale prakaraNa me granekAntavAda ke viSaya me vicAra kiyA gayA hai / pRthak-pRthak dRSTikoNo se vastu ko samajhanA aura eka hI vastu me, vibhinna dRSTikoNo se sagata hone vAle kintu paraspara viruddha pratIta hone vAle aneka dharmo ko prAmANika rUpa se svIkAra karanA granekAntavAda hai / sAdhAraNa taura para anekAnta siddhAnta hI syAdvAda kahalAtA hai, kintu vAstava me anekAntasiddhAnta ko vyakta karane vAlI sApekSa bhASApaddhati hI syAdvAda hai / jaba hama mAna lete hai ki pratyeka vastu me ananta dharma vidyamAna hai aura una samasta dharmoM kA abhinna samudAya hI vastu hai, to use vyakta karane ke lie bhASA kI bhI AvazyakatA hotI hai / yaha anekAnta kI bhASA hI syAdvAda hai / ' 1 syAd ityavyayam anekAnta - dyotakaM, tata syAda vAda anekAntavAdaH / -- syAdvAda maJjarI, malliSeNasUri / met m

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jaina parma bhApA zabdoM se banatI hai, aura zabda dhAtuo se banate hai / eka dhAtu bhale hI moTe taura para anekArthaka mAnI jAtI ho, parantu eka kAta me, aura eka hI prasaga me, vaha aneka arthoM kA dyotana nahI kara sakatI, ataeva unase banA eka zabda bhI eka hI dharma kA bodha karAtA hai| hamAre pAsa koI eka gabda nahI, jo eka sAtha aneka dharmo kA pratipAdana kara sake / ataeva yaha Avazyaka hai ki vastu ke astitva, nAstitva Adi dharmoM kA sApekSAtmaka bhApA se kathana kiyA jAya / 'ghaTa hai' kaha kara hama ghaTa ke paripUrNa svarUpa ko vyakta nahIM kara sakata, kyoki isa vAkya dvArA ghaTa ke kevala astitva dharma kA hI bodha hotA hai| ghaTa me astitva kI taraha nAstitva Adi jo asakhya dharma hai, unakA isase vodha nahIM hotA / ataeva yaha vAkya ghaTa kI adhUrI jAnakArI detA hai / yahI nahI, ghaTa me jo astitva hai, vaha bhI sarvathA satya nahI, kintu eka dRSTikoNa se hI hai / yaha bAta bhI isa vAkya se dhvanita nahI hotii| prazna hotA hai ki eka hI zabda eka dharma kA bodhaka hotA hai, kintu vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hai| usakA kisI bhI eka zabda dvArA kathana nahI kiyA jA sktaa| aisI sthiti me do hI bAte ho sakatI hai-yA to eka vastu ko pUrI taraha kahane ke lie ananta zabdo kA prayoga kiyA jAya, athavA mauna sAdhakara baiThA jAya / ananta zabdo kA prayoga karanA sabhava nahIM hai, aura mauna sAdha lene se jagat ke saba vyavahAra Thappa ho jAte hai| phira apane abhiprAya ko prakaTa karane kA mArga kyA hai? __jaina dArzaniko ne bahuta vistAra se isa prazna kA uttara diyA hai| yahA~ sakSepa me yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki-syAdAdI java vastu kA astitva prakaTa karatA hai to vaha kevala 'asti' (hai) na kaha kara 'syAdasti' kahatA hai / 'asti' ke sAtha 'syAt' joDa dene se vastu me rahe hue nAstitva Adi kA nipedha bhI nahI hotA aura astitva kA vidhAna bhI ho jAtA hai| 'syAdvAda' zabda syAt' aura 'vAda' ina dono zabdo ke mela se banA hai| 'syAt' eka avyaya hai, jisakA artha hai-"kathacit"-kisI apekSA, athavA amuka dRSTikoNa se| kucha logo ko bhrama hai ki 'syAt' kA artha 'zAyada' hai aura isa kAraNa syAdvAda sazayavAda hai| magara yaha unakA bhrama hai| 'syAdvAda' me jo kucha hai, 'nizcita' hai / "yaha pitA hai athavA putra hai" isa prakAra anirNIta jJAna sazaya kahalAtA hai, magara "yaha vyakti apane pitA karmacanda kI apekSA se

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samyagjJAna 107 putra hai, aura apane putra devadAsa kI apekSA se pitA hai" isa prakAra sApekSa kathana ma sarAya ke lie koI avakAza nahI hai| pratyeka vastu meM apane nija ke svarUpa se sattA hai to para ke rUpa se asattA bhI hai / "ghaTa ghaTa hai', yaha jitanA satya hai utanA hI satya yaha bhI hai ki 'ghaTa paTa nahIM hai|' yahAM jaise ghaTaviSayaka astitva ghaTa kA hI svarUpa hai, usI prakAra paTa viSayaka nAstitva bhI ghaTa kA hI svarUpa hai ataeva pratyeka padArtha sat-asat rUpa hai| jI prakAra ghaTa na ekAnta rUpa se nitya hai, aura na ekAnta rUpa se anitya hai| dravya ke lihAja se nitya hai, to paryAya ke lihAja se anitya hai|' isa prakAra vastu me jitane bhI dharma hai, sava sApekSa hai / jisa apekSA se jisa dharma kA vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai, usI apekSA ko sUcita karane ke lie 'syAt' gabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| ima choTe-se "syAt" avyaya me adbhuta camatkAra bharA hai| yaha samasta virodhiyo ko naSTa kara detA hai, aura hameM sampUrNa satya kI jhAkI dilAtA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki anekAntAtmaka vastu ke anekAnta svarUpa ko prakaTa karane ke lie "syAt" zabda prayukta kiyA jAtA hai| jaba hama vastu ko nitya kahate hai to hame kisI aise zabda kA prayoga karanA cAhie, jisase usame rahI huI anityatA kA niSedha na ho jAya / isI prakAra jaba "anitya'' kahate hai taba bhI aise zabda kA prayoga karanA ucita hai jisase nityatA kA virodha na ho jAya / yahI bAta anya dharmo-sattA, asattA, ekatva, anekatva Adi-kA kathana karate samaya bhI samajhanI cAhie / saskRta bhASA meM aisA zabda "syAt" hai / "kathacit" zabda kA bhI usake sthAna para prayoga hotA hai| kisI bhI prazna kA uttara "hA" yA "nA" me diyA jAtA hai / inhI dono ke AdhAra para saptabhaMgI yojanA huI hai / vaha sAta bhaga yaha hai -- 1 asti-(hai) 1 natyi jIvA ajIvA vA, Neva sannaM nivesae / asthi jIvA ajIvA vA, evaM sanna nivesae / --sUtrakRtAga, a0 2, 5, 12, 13 /

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108 jaina dharma 2. nAsti-(nahI hai) 3. astinAsti-(hai, nahI hai) 4. avaktavya-(nahI kahA jA sakatA) 5 asti avaktavya-(hai, nahI kahA jA sakatA) 6. nAsti avaktavya-(-nahI hai, nahI kahA jA sakatA) 7. asti, nAsti avaktavya-(-nahI hai, avaktavya hai) 1. syAdasti --pratyeka vastu apane dravya, apane kSetra, apane kAla, aura apane bhAva se hai| 2. syAnnAsti-pratyeka vastu para dravya, parakSetra, parakAla aura parabhAva se nahIM hai| ina dono bhago kA Azaya yaha hai ki ghaTa (aura samasta padArtha) hai to, avazya, parantu vaha ghaTa miTTI dravya kI apekSA se hai, jisa jagaha hai usI jagaha hai, jisa kAla me hai, usI kAla kI apekSA se hai aura apane svarUpa se hai / vaha ghaTa paradravya se nahI hai' arthAt vaha suvarNa dravya kI apekSA nahIM hai--sone kA nahI hai, jahA hai usake sivAya dUsarI jagaha nahI hai, jisa kAla me hai, usase bhinna kAla meM nahI hai, aura jisa rUpa meM hai, usase bhinna rUpa me nahI hai| yaha do bhaga hI agale pAco bhago ke AdhAra hai| inhI ke sammizraNa se unakA nirmANa huA hai| 3 syAt, astinAsti ---isa bhaga ke dvArA vastu kA ubhayamukhI kathana kiyA jAtA hai, arthAt yaha prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai ki vastu kyA hai, aura kyA nahI hai ? prathama bhaga kevala astitva kA aura dUsarA bhaga kevala nAstitva kA vivAna karatA hai, jaba ki yaha bhaga dono kA vidhAna karatA hai| 4 syAt, avaktavya --pratyeka vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hone se sadA avaktavya hai / usakA paripUrNa svarUpa kisI bhI gavda dvArA vyakta nahI kiyA jA sktaa| kisI zabda me sAmarthya nahI jo ananta dharmo kA kathana kara ske| 1 appaNo AdiThe AyA, parassa AdiThe No AyA / bhagavatI, za0 12, u0 10, pA0 10 //

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samyAjJAna 109 yahI nahIM, pahale aura dUsare bhaMga me jina astitva aura nAstitva kA vidhAna kiyA hai, unakA bhI eka sAtha kayana nahI ho sktaa| yahI batalAne ke lie cauthA bhaMga hai| 5. asti, avaktavya --svarUpa se sat hone para bhI vastu samagra rUpa se avaktavya hai| 6 nAsti avaktavya-para rUpa ne asat hote hue bhI vastu samagra rUpa meM pravaktavya hai| 7 astinAsti, avaktavya ---svarUpa se sat aura pararUpa se asat hone para bhI vastu samagra rUpa meM avaktavya hai| isa viSaya ko vyAvahArika paddhati se samajhane ke lie eka sthUla udAharaNa diyA jAtA hai| Apa kisI rogI kI hAlata pUchane ke lie ge| Apane pUchA "rogI kA kyA hAla hai ?" isa prazna kA uttara sAta vikalpo (bhaMgo) me yo diyA jA sakatA hai :-- 1 svAsthya ThIka hai (asti)| 2. abhI avasthA ThIka nahIM (naasti)| 3. kala se ava ThIka hai, to bhI bhaya se mukta nahI (astinaasti)| 4. kucha kahA nahI jA sakatA ki hAlata ThIka hai, yA nahI (avktvy)| 5. hAlata kucha ThIka hai; parantu kahA nahI jA sakatA ki Akhira kyA hogA? (asti avktvy)| 6 hAlata ThIka nahI, nahI kahA jA sakatA ki Akhira kyA hogA (nAsti avaktavya) / 7 hAlata kala se ThIka hai, phira bhI ThIka nahI kahI jA sktii| nahI kaha sakate Akhira kyA hogA ? (astinAsti avktvy)| isa prakAra vastu me rahe hue pratyeka dharma kA sAta prakAra se kathana ho sakatA hai / jaise astitva dharma ke sAta bhaga Upara vatalAe gae hai, usI prakAra nityatva, ekatva Adi dharmoM ko lekara bhI hote hai| pUrvokta rIti se unhe samajhA jA sakatA hai| vizva kI vicAradhArAe ekAnta ke kIcaDa me phasI hai / koI vastu ko ekAnta nitya mAnakara cala par3A hai to dUsarA ekAnta anityatA kA samarthana

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110 jaina dharma kara rahA hai| koI isase Age baDhA bhI to usane vastu ke nityAnitya svarUpa ko gaDavar3ajhAlA samajha kara avyAkRta yA avaktavya kaha kara piNDa chuDA liyA phira bhI ina saba ne apane mantavya kI pUrNa satyatA para bala diyA, yahI saMgharSa kA kAraNa bnaa| jaina darzana anekAnta ke rUpa me tatvajJAna kI yathArtha dRSTi pradAna kara eka ora satya kA digdarzana karatA hai, to dUsarI ora dArzanika jagat me samanvaya ke lie sundara AdhAra taiyAra karatA hai| syAdvAda jaina darzana kA prANa hai aura usake pratyeka vidhAna me syAdvAda kA puTa rahatA hai' sUtrakRtAga sUtra me nirdeza kiyA gayA hai ki sAdhu ko vibhajyavAda kA prayoga karanA cAhie, arthAt syAdvAda paddhati kA avalambana lenA cAhie / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne caudaha pragno ke uttara, jinhe buddha "avyAkRta" kahate the, aura upaniSado ke rahasyapUrNa gUDhaprazno ke uttara, syAdvAda paddhati kA avalambana karake diye hai| bhASA nIti-nikSepa vidhAna jagat ke vyavahAra aura jJAna ke AdAna-pradAna kA mukhya sAdhana bhASA hai| bhASA ke vinA manuSyo kA vyavahAra nahIM cala sakatA aura na vicAroM kA AdAna-pradAna ho sakatA hai| manupya ke pAsa agara vyakta bhASA kA sAdhana na hotA to use Aja jo sabhyatA, saMskRti aura tatvajJAna kI amUlya nidhi prApta huI hai, usakI kalpanA karanA bhI azakya hotA va manuSya aura pazu me adhika antara na raha jaataa| bhASA kevala bolane kA hI sAdhana nahI, apitu vicAra karane kA bhI mAdhyama hai / janmagata paripuSTa bhASA, jo hamAre anta karaNa me sudRDhatA se sthita ho jAtI hai, usI me hama cintana-manana karate hai / bhApA kA zarIra vAkyo se nirmita hotA hai aura vAkya zabdo se / pratyeka gabda ke aneka artha ho sakate hai| pratyeka sthAna para prayukta huA zabda, prasaMga, Agaya, viSaya, sthAna, avasara aura vAtAvaraNa ke anusAra kitane hI prakAra ke abhiprAyo ko abhivyakta karatA hai| ataeva zabda ke mUla aura ucita artha 1. syAdvAda maMjarI, kArikA, 5 /

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samyagjJAna ko jAnane ke DhaMga jainAgamoM meM nizcita kiye gaye hai / zabdo kI mArmikatA, lAmaNikatA, prAMjalatA aura abhivyajanAgakti kA vistRta vivecana vyAkaraNa aura sAhitya viSayaka granyo meM upalabdha hotA hai| ganda dvArA pratipAdya arya kA ThIka taraha kaise jJAna kiyA jAya, isake lie jainadharma meM nikSepa kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| nikSepa kA sAmAnya artha hai-nikSepaNa karanA, yA rkhnaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate hai ki zabda ke vivakSita arya ko jAnane ke lie aneko prakAra ke nikSepo kA vidhAna ho sakatA hai, kintu kama-se-kama cAra nikSepo se kAma cala sakatA hai, kyoki, pratyeka ganda kama-ne-kama cAra arthoM me to prayukta hotA hI hai / vaktA yA lekhaka, zabda ko prAyaH cAra prakAra ke artho ke lie prayukta karatA hai-nAma, sthApanA, dravya athavA bhAva' / ina cAra arthoM me se gabda ko vaktA dvArA vivakSita aryoM me nikSepaNa karanA hI nikSepa kahalAtA hai / bhASA ke pratyeka zabda para unhe ghaTita kiyA jA sakatA hai yahA "rAjA" zabda ko hI liijie| 1. nAmanikSepaH-mAtA-pitA ne apane putra kA nAma "rAjA" rakha diyA / vAstava meM vaha rAjya kA upabhoga nahIM karatA, yahA taka ki rAjatatra kA virodhI hai, usame rAjA ke yogya guNa bhI nahI hai, phira bhI vaha rAjA kahalAtA hai| aise vyakti ko jaba rAjA kahA jAtA hai to vaha nAma nikSepa se rAjA kahalAtA hai| nAmanikSepa me vastu ke guNa-dharma kA vicAra nahI kiyA jAtA, kevala lokavyavahAra kI suvidhA ke lie gabda rUDha kara liyA jAtA hai| isa kAraNa "rAjA" nAma vAlA puruSa rAjA zabda ke paryAyavAcaka nRpati, bhUpati, nareza Adi zabdo dvArA abhihita nahIM kiyA jAtA / nAma-gabda tIna prakAra ke hote hai -- 1 yathArtha nAma, jaise jala me utpanna hone ke kAraNa 'jalaja' caitanyavAna hone ke kAraNa 'cetana' Adi nAma / 2 ayathArtha-jaise andhe kA nAma nayana sukha athavA hIrAcanda, motIcanda aadi| 1. anuyogadvAra sUtra, sUtra 8, tatvArthasUtra a0 1, 5,

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jaina dharma 3 arya zUnya nAma, jaise vAdyadhvani, khAsI, choka Adi / 2. sthApanAnikSepa - - kisI vastu ma granya vastu kA prAropa karanA sthApanAnikSepa hai / jaise--- rAjA kI mUrti yA usakA citra bhI rAjA kahalAtA hai / yadyapi uma mUrti yA citra me rAjA kA koI guNa nahI hai, tathApi usame rAjA kA Aropa kiyA jAtA hai jaba koI rAjA kI mUrti ko rAjA kahatA hai to samajhanA cAhie ki vaha sthApanA nikSepa hai / 112 sthApanAnikSepa ke lie prAcIna yuga me kASTha, mRttikA, vastra, prastara patra Adi para citra banA kara grathavA anya prakAra se kisI eka vastu me dUsarI vastu kA Aropa kiyA jAtA thA / grAja bhI mUrti yA sTaicU Adi vanAye jAte hai / 3 dravyanikSepaH -- jo pahale rAjA thA, athavA bhaviSya me rAjA vanane vAlA hai, vartamAna me nahI hai, use bhI rAjA gavda se vyavahRta kiyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra bhUtakAlIna yA bhaviSyatkAlIna paryAya kA vartamAna me Aropa karanA dravyanikSepa kahalAtA hai / 4 bhAvanikSepaH -- jo manuSya rAjya kara rahA hai, vaha bhI rAjA kahalAtA hai | isa prakAra vartamAna paryAya ko lakSya meM rakhakara java zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, to use bhAvanikSepa kahate haiM / jaba vyutpattinimitta athavA pravRttinimitta se vartamAna meM pUrA artha ghaTita hotA hai, tabhI vaha bhAvanikSepa kahA jA sakatA hai / prakRta prastuta aura avivakSita artha kA nirAkaraNa karake prakRta prastuta, aura vivakSita artha kA vidhAna karanA nikSepavidhi kA prayojana hai / jahA kahI, "mahAvIra" zabda grAyA ki zrApa bhagavAn mahAvIra ko hI samajha le to bahuta bAra anartha hone kI sambhAvanA hai / isa anartha se bacane ke lie agara grApa nikSepavidhi se " mahAvIra" zabda kA vizleSaNa kara DAleM, aura samajha leM ki vaktA kA nAma - mahAvIra, sthApanA - mahAvIra, dravya mahAvIra, aura bhAva mahAvIra me se kisa mahAvIra se abhiprAya hai, to zrApa sahI abhiprAya samajha sakege, aura anartha se vaca jaaege| isI uddezya se jaina zAstro me nikSepoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / smaraNa rahe ki cAro nikSepo me se bhAvanikSepa ko hI mahatvapUrNa evaM sArthaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai /

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....000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 egappa ajie sattU kasAyA indiyANi ya / te jiNittA jahA nAyaM, viharAmi ahaM suNI / / mano sAhassio bhImo, dusso paridhAvaI / taM sammaM tu nigiNhAmi dhamma sikkhAi kanyagaM / / --uttarAdhyayana a0 23, gA0 38-58 / .0000000000000000000000000...........................00000000000 he mahA mune ! mana eka durjaya zatru hai, krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ye cAra kapAya tathA zrota, cakSu, prANa, rasa aura sparza ye pAJco indriyA milakara dasa zatru banate hai / inhe maine ThIka rUpa se jIta liyA hai ata. Ananda me vicaratA huuN| 000000...00000000000.....00000000.00.............00.00000000.... he sAdhaka | mana bahuta hI sAhasika, raudra aura duSTa ava hai, jo cAro ora daur3atA hai| mai isa azva ko dharma zikSA dvArA anchI taraha kAbU karatA huuN| ....0000000.00000000000000000000....0000............00000000 manovijJAna

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manovijJAna indriyAM prANI kAma aura bhoga kA Ayatana hai / kAma mUrta aura grarUpI hai, kintu bhoga, rUpI aura grarUpI dono prakAra kA hotA hai / kAma, kAmanA aura spRhA kA astitva jIva meM hI upalabdha hotA hai / jaDa se jIva kI bhinnatA kAma se bhI pAI jAtI hai, kyoki kAma kA astitva jIva meM hI hai, ajIva me nahI hotA / jIva hI kAmI aura bhogI bana sakatA hai, ajIva nahI / kAma ke do rUpa haiM, rUpa aura zabda / manoja rUpa aura madhura zabdo kI lAlasA hI kAma hai / yadyapi rUpa zraura zabda dono hI paudgalika parivartita paryAya hai, aura bhoga tIna prakAra kA hotA hai / 1 gadha, 2 rasa, 3 sparza / kAma aura bhoga me sabase baDA antara yaha hai ki bhoga sayoga kI apekSA rakhatA hai / gadha, rasa aura sparza ke sayoga hue binA bhoga kA kAraNa nahI bana sakate, kintu rUpa aura zabda me sayoga kI adhika apekSA nahI rahatI / yadyapi zAstrakAro ne zabda ko bhI bhoga ke andara hI ginA hai, kyoki zabdo kA sayoga karNendriya ke sAtha hue binA zabda kA Ananda nahI liyA jA sakatA, kintu sUkSmatA ke kAraNa use kAma me bhI gina liyA jAtA hai / hA, pAco indriyo me se netra indriya ko kucha bhinna prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai, kyoki netra vastu ke sasarga

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116 jaina dharma kI apekSA prakAza tayA raga ke sahAre hI vastu-darzana kI jJAnAnubhUti kara / letI hai| kAma bhoga kevala pA~ca hI prakAra kA hai, ataH inha hI paoNca indriyA kahA jAtA hai / yadyapi vaidika sAhitya me pA~ca jJAnendriya aura pA~ca karmendriya rUpa se indriyo ke daza bheda mAne gae hai, aura vauddha sAhitya me indriyoM ke 22 bheda ginAe gae hai, kintu jaina dharma ina sabhI prakAra ke indriya bhedo kA pA~coM indriyo me samAveza kara detA hai| jaise ki pA~co karmendriyo ko, (vAk, pANi, pAda pAyu aura upastha) sparzendriya kA hI avAntara bheda mAna liyA gayA hai, kyoki ina kA mUlAdhAra tvam indriya mAnA gayA hai| tvacA jJAna tantu arthAt choTe-choTe chidra sparza kA savedana karate hai, aura chidro tathA roma kUpo ke dvArA tvacA ke jJAna tantu vastu ke sparza kA anubhava kara lete ha / ata. vAka-pANi Adi zarIra ke avayavo ko pRthak indriya mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| indriyo kA dravyarUpa mUrta hai, aura AtmA sarvathA amUrta / amUrta hone ke kAraNa hame AtmA kI sAkSAt upalabdhi nahIM hotii| phira bhI jina sAdhano se hama prAtnA ko jAnate hai, vahI sAdhana 'indriyA~' hai| 'eka garIra ko dekhate hI hama pahacAna lete hai ki yaha nirjIva hai, aura dUsare para dRSTi paDate hI hame jAna ho jAtA hai ki yaha sajIva hai / nirjIva kalevara me bhI indriyA~ banI hotI hai, magara ve apanA kArya nahI karatI, jaba ki sajIva zarIra me sava indriyA~ apanA-apanA kArya karatI rahatI hai| kAna sunate hai, A~kha dekhatI hai, nAka sUMghatI hai, hAtha-paira hilate hai| indriyo kA yaha vyApAra AtmA ke astitva kA paricAyaka hai| indriyA~ AtmA ke astitva kI paricAyaka nahI, AtmA ke dvArA hone vAle mavedana kA sAdhana bhI hai| yadyapi AtmA svabhAvata ananta jJAna darzanapuja hai, tayApi yAvaraNo ke kAraNa itanA nirbala bana gayA hai ki use indriyo kA avalambana lenA par3atA hai| ataeva AtmA kI rUpAdiviSayaka upalabdhi kA sAdhana bhI indriyA~ hI hai| 'indriyA~ paoNtra ha-(1) zrotra, (2) cakSu, (3) ghrANa, (4) ramanA aura (5) sparzana / - - - - 1. nandisUtra, sUtra 30, sthAnAMga sUtra, sthA0 5 /

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manovijJAna 117 jaina tarkazAstra me indriyo kI nyUnAdhika saMkhyA kA nirasana kiyA gayA hai, aura bhalI-bhA~ti siddha kiyA gayA hai ki yaha pA~co indriyA~ paraspara kathacit bhinna-bhinna hai, aura AtmA ke sAtha bhI inakA kathacin bheda aura abheda hI hai / / pAco indriyA do-do prakAra kI hai '-dravyendriya aura bhAvendriya / indriyo kA bAhya paudgalika rUpa dravyendriya kahalAtA hai, aura Antarika cinmaya rUpa bhaavendriy| dravyendriya ke bhI do bhAga hai 2 'nivRtti' arthAt indriyo kI vividha AkAra kI racanA, aura 'upakaraNa' arthAt saMvedana me sahAyaka svaccha pudgalo kI zakti / yo to jainAcAryoM ne indriyo ke sambandha me bhI kAphI gahana vicAra pradarzita kie hai aura nivRtti-indriya kA bhI bAhya nivRtti aura prAntarika nivRtti ke rUpa meM vizlepaNa kiyA hai, parantu hama yahA~ usa gaharAI meM nahIM utaranA caahte| AtmA kI saMvedanAtmaka zakti aura savedanA kA vyApAra bhAvendriya haiM, jise kramazaH labdhi aura upayoga kA nAma diyA gayA hai| AvaraNa ke kSayopazama se utpanna hone vAlI zakti lavdhi bhAvendriya hai, aura usa zakti kA vyApRta honA upayogabhAvendriya hai| netra indriya anya indriyo se kucha bhinna prakAra kI hai| cAra indriyA~ vAhya padArthoM ke arthAt apane-apane viSaya ke sasarga se uttejita hokara apane grAhya viSaya ko grahaNa karatI hai, kintu netra ko sasarga kI aAvazyakatA nahI hotii| vaha prakAza eva raga ke AdhAra se hI savedana karatI hai / isa prakAra cAra indriyA~ 'prApyakArI' aura cakSu indriya aprApyakArI hai / indriyo ke viSaya--"zrotrendriya kA viSaya zabda hai| zabda tIna prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai--jIva kA gabda, ajIva kA zabda aura mizrazabda / zabda eka prakAra ke pudgala paramANupro kA kArya hai| vaha paramANu 1. prajJApanAsUtra indriyapada 15vA / 2 prajJApanA, indriyapada 15vA / 3 prajJApanA sUtra, indriyapada, 15vA / 4 tatvArtha sUtra, 1119 / 5 prajJApanA sUtra, indriyapada 1119 / 6 prajJApanA sUtra bhASApada 1119

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118 jaina dharma sampUrNa loka meM vyApta hai| java vaktA bolatA hai, to ve pudgala zavda rUpa me pariNata ho jAte hai aura eka hI samaya me loka antima chora taka pahu~ca jAte hai| usakI gati kA vega hamArI kalpanA se bhI bAhara hai| jamIna para vanI pagaDaDiyo kI taraha AkAza me bhI zreNiyA hai, jo pUrva, pazcima, uttara, dakSiNa tathA Upara aura nIce kI ora phailI hai| vaktA dvArA prayukta gabda ina zreNI rUpa mAgoM se phailatA hai| zrotA yadi samazreNI me sthita ho to bhI vaha kore vaktA dvArA prayukta zabda nahI sunatA, balki vaktA dvArA prayukta zabda-dravyo tathA una zabdadravyo se vAsita hue bIca ke gabda dravyo ke saMgharSa se utpanna mizrazabdo ko sunatA hai / bhinna zreNI me sthita zrotA mizra zabda bhI nahI suna pAtA / vaha uccArita mUla gabdo dvArA vAsita gabda hI suna sakatA hai| vaktA dvArA uccArita yA bherI aAdi se utpanna zabdo ke saMgharSa se bIca me sthita bhApAvargaNA ke pudgala gavda rUpa meM pariNata ho jAte hai / ve vAsita gabda kahalAte hai| vizreNI meM dUsare-tIsare samaya me hI zabda sunAI detA hai para jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra bolA huyA ganda dUsare samaya me sunane yogya nahIM raha jAtA / isase anumAna hotA hai ki vizreNI me sunAI dene vAle zabda vaktA dvArA uccArita mUla gabda nahIM hai, varan usa gavda dvArA ve zabda rUpa meM pariNata kie hue dUsare hI zabda hai| jala me patthara DAlane se eka lahara utpanna hotI hai| vaha lahara anya laharo ko utpanna karatI huI jalAgaya ke anta taka jA pahu~catI hai| isI prakAra vaktA dvArA prayukta bhApAdravya agrasara hotA huA AkAza me sthita anyAnya bhApAyogya pudgalo ko bhApA ke rUpa meM pariNata karatA huA lokAnta taka calA jAtA hai| lokAnta meM pahuMcate hI usakI zrAvya-zakti samApta ho jAtI hai| parantu anyAnya bhApAdravyo ko zabda rUpa meM pariNata kara detA hai aura ve navIna utpanna hue zabda, mUla tathA mizra gabdo kI preraNA se gatimAn hokara vizreNiyoM kI pora agrasara hote hai / isa prakAra sirpha cAra samayo me sampUrNa nokAkAga una gabdo meM vyApta ho jAtA hai| (vizepa jAnakArI ke lie dainie-prajApanA mUtra, bhApApada) / tA indriya kA viSaya rUpa hai| rUpa kAlA, nIlA, pIlA, lAla aura sneta--pAna mAra hai| zeSa nava rUpa inhI ke mammizraNa ke pariNAma hai /

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manovijJAna gadhamavedana kA anubhava nAsikA dvArA prApta hotA hai| jaba vAyu ke mAya rAsAyanika gaMdha kaNa nAsikA meM praviSTa hote hai to vaha ghrANa ke roma kRpo ko uttejita karate hai| unakI uttejanA se prAtmA ko prANa anubhava hotA hai / yadi nAsikA ke dono puTa bada kara diye jAe, to gava kI anubhUti nahI hotI, isase sApha jAhira hai ki AtmA ko gadha savedana ghANa dvArA hI hotA hai / yadyapi gavasaMvedana aneka prakAra ke hote hai tathApi una saba kA samAveza sugadha aura durgadha meM hI ho jAtA hai| rasa kA savedana rasanA se hotA hai| rasanA yA jIbha tarala padArtha athavA lAra-mizrita padArtha ke sampaka se java uttejita ho uThatI hai, tabhI vaha apane jJAnatanupro dvArA rasa-savedanA utpanna karatI hai| rasa pAca prakAra kA hai / amla, madhura, kaTuka, kaSAyalA aura tIkSNa / ataeva rasa-mavedana bhI pAca hI prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai / sparzAnubhUti me sparzana indriya nimitta hotI hai sparzendriya kA dravyarUpa samagra tvacA hai / ATha prakAra ke sparga hI isa indriya ke viSaya hai, jo isa prakAra hai--uSNa, rUkSa gIta, cikkaNa, halkA, bhArI, karkaza aura komala / mana mAnava jIvana me mana kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| AtmA ke utthAna aura patana kA bhI vaha pradhAna kAraNa hai| isIlie vibhinna AdhyAtmika paramparAe bhI eka svara se manovijaya kI anivArya AvazyakatA udghoSita karatI hai, aura sAtha hI manovijaya ko duzzakya kArya svIkAra karatI hai / gItA meM zrIkRSNa svIkAra karate hai ki mana baDA valazAlI hai, aura jaise havA para kAbU pAnA sarala nahI, usI prakAra mana para kAbU pAnA bhI hasI-khela nahI / uttarAdhyayana, adhyAya 23, gAthA 58 me indrabhUti gautama jaise mahAzramaNa bhI mana ko sAhasI, bhayAnaka aura duSTa azva ke samAna batalAkara vahI bAta kahate hai / vAstava meM mana baDA jabardasta hai / vaha baDe-baDe yogiyo ko bhI aisA nAca nacAtA hai, jaise madArI bandara ko| kitane hI sAdhaka mana para niyatraNa pAne ke lie araNyavAsa agIkAra karate hai, parantu mana kSaNa bhara me unhe vilAsamaya rAjaprAsAda me lAkara khaDA kara detA hai, aura araNya me sAdhaka kA sirpha kalevara hI raha jAtA hai / koI-koI sAdhaka use jItane ke lie kaTakazayyA agIkAra karate hai, parantu mana unhe sukhada aura sukomala seja para pauDhA detA hai / kaTaka

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120 jaina dharma zayyA para unakI lAza hI dharI rahatI hai| sAdhaka cAhatA hai ki mai sAmyabhAva ke sarovara me avagAhana karU, magara mana use rAga-dvepa ke kIcaDa me phasA detA hai / __ mana me adbhuta mohinI zakti hai| jo use niyatrita karanA cAhatA hai, usI ko vaha apane niyatraNa me le letA hai, aura usa para manacAhA zAsana karatA hai| isa prakAra mana aparimita balazAlI hai| phira bhI gautama svAmI kahate hai-'mana durjaya hone para bhI ajeya nhii| vaha dharmazikSAmo ke prayoga dvArA jItA jA sakatA hai| zAstra me vairAgya aura abhyAsa ke dvArA usake vijaya kI zakyatA svIkAra kI hai| prazna hotA hai-'jisake sAmane bar3e-bar3e pahuce hue yogI bhI natamastaka ho jAte hai, aura hAra mAna baiThate hai, parantu jisa para vijaya prApta kiye vinA sAdhaka kI gAr3I-agAr3I nahI baDha sakatI, vaha mana kyA hai ?' indriyo kI bhAti mana bhI AtmA ke savedana kA eka sAdhana hai| para vaha indriya nahI, anindriya athavA noindriya kahalAtA hai| indriyA apane-apane niyata viSaya ko gocara karatI hai, jaise zrotra zabda sunatA hai, Akha rUpa ko hI aura nAka gadha ko hI grahaNa karatI hai, parantu mana sarvArthagrAhaka hai / vaha rUpa, rasa, gadha, sparza, zabda Adi sabhI viSayo meM aura sAtha hI amUrta padArthoM me bhI pravRtti karatA hai| indriyo dvArA sImita kSetra meM hI viSaya kI upalabdhi ho sakatI hai, parantu mana ke lie kSetra kI koI maryAdA niyata nahIM hai| vaha kSaNa bhara me svarga, naraka Adi akhila vizva kA cakkara kATa AtA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-'he mautama ! mana jar3a bhI hai aura cetana bhI hai| mana ke do rUpa hai-paudgalika aura caitanyamaya / paudgalika mana dravyamana kahalAtA hai, aura caitanyamaya mana bhAvamana / dravya mana vicAra karane meM sahAyaka hone vAle vizeSa prakAra ke pudgala paramANuo kI racanA-vizeSa hai, aura una paramANuo me pravAhita hone vAlI AtmA kI caitanyadhArA bhAva mana kahalAtI hai| arthAt manovargaNA ke pudgalo se banA huA tatvavizeSa dravya mana hai, aura AtmA kI cintana-manana rUpa zakti bhAvamana hai| dravyamana aura bhAvamana dono milakara hI apanA cintana kArya sampanna kara sakate hai / vicAra karanA, smaraNa karanA, socanA, yojanA karanA, icchA karanA, sneha karanA, ghRNA karanA, manana-cintana aura vizleSaNa Adi karanA, ye saba mAnasika vyApAra hai, aura ubhayAtmaka mana kI sahAyatA se hI yaha sampanna hote hai /

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manovijJAna 121 jainAgamoM meM mana ke AdhAra para bhI prANiyoM kA amanaska (asajJI) aura samanaska (saMjI) ke rUpa me vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai|' IhA, apoha, mArgaNA, gavepaNA, cintA aura vimarza karane kI yogyatA jisame hotI hai use zAstrakAra saMjI kahate hai, aura inake abhAva me jIva ko asaMjJI kahA jAtA hai| eka indriya se lekara cAra indriya vAle sabhI jIva amanaska hote haiM / pacendriya jIvo me koI-koI samanaska, aura koI-koI amanaska hote hai / yahA yaha smaraNIya hai ki bhAvamana aAtmA kI hI eka gakti hone ke kAraNa sabhI prANiyoM ko prApta rahatA hai, magara dravyamana ke abhAva me usakA upayoga nahIM ho sktaa| bhAvamana ko agara vidyut mAna liyA jAya, to dravyamana ko vijalI kA laTU mAnA jA sakatA hai| vidyut kA saMcAra honepara bhI jaise laTU ke abhAva me prakAza nahIM hotA, umI prakAra bhAvamana kI vidyamAnatA me bhI dravyamana ke abhAva me cintana prAdi manovyApAra nahI hote / zarIra kA rAjA, aura AtmA kA matrI hone ke kAraNa mana kabhI-kabhI AtmA ko moha me phamA letA hai, aura idhara-udhara bhaTakAtA hai, magara vahI mana jaba vazIbhUta ho jAtA hai, to ekAgratA ke lAbha meM sahAyaka banatA hai tathA matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| jaisA ki uttarAdhyayana meM kahA hai, 'mana ko vazIbhUta karane lie dharmazikSA kI AvazyakatA hai|' gItA kathita 'abhyAsa aura vairAgya' bhI isI ke antargata hai| 'mana kA nigraha karane se kyA lAbha hotA hai ?' gautama svAmI ke isa prazna kA uttara dete hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA thA----manonigraha se pAco indriyA vazIbhUta ho jAtI hai, viSaya vAsanA kA unmUlana ho jAtA hai, aura caMcalatA naSTa ho jAtI hai / manovijetA mumukSu ko ekAntasamAdhi athavA ekAgratA kA apUrva lAbha hotA hai| lezyA bhAratIya tattvagavepakoM ne manovijJAna kA--mAnasika vicAro, pariNAmo, vRttiyo aura cacalatApo kA bahuta Uce dharAtala para sarvAGgINa vizleSaNa kiyA 1 nandi sUtra, sUtra 40 / 2. uttarAdhyayana a0 23, gA0 36 /

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122 jaina dharma hai / jainatattva cintako kI usa vivecana evaM vizleSaNa me mahattvapUrNa dena hai / jainazAstro meM lezyA kA jo vivecana hai, vaha purAtana kAlIna manovijJAna kA eka mahattvapUrNa aura maulika adhyAya hai, jo Aja ke mAnasa-zAstriyo ke lie bar3A rucikara aura bodhaprada hai / lezyA kA yaha vivecana hajAro varSa pahale tava lipivaddha ho cukA hai, jaba Aja ke manovijJAna kA janma hI nahI huA thaa| lezyA-vicAra me yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki mAnasika vRttiyo kA kaisA varNa hotA hai ? manovicAro ko kitane vargo me vATA jA sakatA hai / manovicAro kA udgamasthala kyA hai ? uname varNa AtA kahA se hai ? Adi-Adi / __ mana ke vicAro me kisI-na-kisI prakAra kA varNa hotA hai, kyoki mAnasika cacala lahariyA pudgalo se sammizrita hotI hai aura pudgala mUrta hai / vaicArika samUha kA dravya rUpa pudagalamaya hotA hai / jaise vicAra vaisA varNa aura jaisA-jaisA vicAra vaise-vaise pudgala kA AkarSaNa / pratikSaNa parivartita hone vAle mana ke adhyavasAya asakhya hai| kabhI vaha zuddha zubhra zveta hote hai, to kabhI ekadama kAle aura kabhI mizrita hote hai / jainadharma kI paribhApA ve vaha mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika pariNamana 'lezyA' kahalAte hai / (grAvazyaka cUrNI) sphaTika svarUpata. ujjvala hotA hai, parantu usake nikaTa jisa varNa ke puSpa rakha die jAte hai, sphaTika usI varNa kA pratibhAsita hone lagatA hai / AtmA bhI sphaTika ke samAna hI ujjvala aura nirmala hai| magara AtmA ke pAsa jisa varNa ke pariNAma hoge, vaha usI varNavAlI pratibhAti hone lgegii| yadyapi sAdhAraNa taura para lezyA kA artha manovRtti, vicAra yA taraMga ho sakatA hai, kintu AcAryoM ne kazleiSa ke kAraNa bhUta zubhAzubha pariNAmoM ko hI lezyA kahA hai| koI-koI AcArya use yoga ke antargata svatatra dravya mAnate hai / magara yaha asadigdha hai ki dravya lezyA paudgalika hai / lezyAo ke varNa mana me uThane vAle zubhAzubha pariNAmo ke dyotaka hai| yadyapi pariNAma asaMkhya hai, ataeva unake sUkSma tAratamya ke AdhAra para lezyAno ke bhI asakhya vikalpa ho sakate hai, kintu unhe moTe taura para cha. bhAgo me vibhakta kara diyA gayA hai / ina cha. bhAgoM kI taratamatA dikhalAne ke lie eka jainAgama-prasiddha udAharaNa lIjie : chaha purupa jAmuna khAne cale / phalo se lade jAmuna vRkSa ko dekhakara

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manovijJAna 123 unameM se eka ne kahA-'lo bhAI, yaha rahA jAmuna kA per3a / basa, ise dharAzAyI kara de aura manacAhe phala khaae|' dUsare ne kahA---'vRkSa ko kATane se kyA lAbha he ? isakI moTI-moTI zAkhAe hI kATa lo|' tIsarA--'zAkhApro ko kATane kI bhI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? TahaniyA kATa lenA hI kAphI hogaa|' cauthA-'are bhAI, phalo ke gucche hI toDa lo na / ' pAMcavA---'hame to pake jAmuna cAhie / vahI kyo na toDe / ' chaThA---'mujhe tuma logo kI eka bhI vAta nahI jacI / jaba hame pake phala hI cAhie to phira nIce gire hue hI vIna-bIna kara kyo nahI khA lete / vyartha vRkSa ko, DAliyo, Tahaniyo yA gRccho ko kATane-toDane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai?' vicAro ke zubhatva-azubhatva kA tAratamya isa udAharaNa se samajhA jA sakatA hai| isI tAratamya ke AdhAra para lezyAo kA chaha prakAro me vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| chaha lezyAe yaha hai :1. kRSNalezyA, 2 nIla lezyA, 3. kApota lezyA, 4 tejo lezyA, 5 padmalezyA, 6 zukla leshyaa| lezyA ke saMbaMdha meM prazna karane para bhagavAn mahAvIra ne gautama se kahA 1 kRSNa lezyA --'he goyamA | kRSNa lezyA manovRtti kA nikRSTatama rUpa hai / kRSNa lezyA vAle ke vicAra atyanta kSudra, krUra, kaThora, aura nRzasa hote hai| vaha ahiMsA Adi vrato se ghRNA karatA hai| tInabhAva se pApAcaraNa karatA hai, avicArI, avivekI, bhoga-vilAsarata, iha loka-paraloka kI paravAha na karane vAlA, atIva svArthI aura apane kSudra Ananda ke lie jagat me pralaya lA dene vAlA hotA hai| 2 nIla lezyA--3'he goyamA / kRSNa lezyA vAle kI apekSA nIla lezyA vAle kI manovRtti kucha acchI hotI hai, kintu vaha IrSyAlu, asahiSNu, mAyAvI, nirlajja, pApAcArI, lolupa, apane sukha kA gaveSaka, vipayI, himAkarmI 1 uttarAdhyayana a034, gA0 21, 22, 2 " A0 34, gA0 23, 24 /

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124 aura kSudra hotA hai / magara apane svArtha ke lie dUsaro ke saMrakSaNa kA guNa usameM / hotA hai / ' 3. kApota lezyA -- ''isa lezyA vAlA he gautama ! mana vANI zrIra kArya se vakra hotA hai / mithyAdRSTi, apane dopo ko DhAkane vAlA aura paruSabhASI hotA hai, magara apane svArtha ke lie pazuo kA bhI saMrakSaNa karatA hai / ' 4 tejolezyA -- gotama ! isa lezyA vAlA puruSa pavitra, namra, acapala, dayAlu, vinIta, indriya jayI, pApa-bhIru aura AtmasAvanA kI AkAkSA rakhane vAlA hotA hai / vaha apane sukha kI hI apekSA nahI rakhatA, kintu dUsaroM ke prati bhI udAra hotA hai / ' 5. padmalezyA -- ' gautama / padma lezyA vAle kI manovRtti dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna me vicaraNa karatI hai / vaha puruSa kamala ke samAna apanI muvAsa se dUsaro ko Anandita karatA hai / sayama kA utkRSTa sAvaka, kaSAyo ke adhikAza para vijaya pAne vAlA, mitabhASI, jitendriya zrIra somya hotA hai / ' 6 zukla lezyA -- 4 ' he gItama / yaha manovRtti atyanta vizuddha hotI hai / zukla lezyA vAlA puruSa samadarzI, nirvikalpa dhyAnI, prazAnta granta karaNa vAlA, samiti gupti se yukta arthAt pratyeka pravRtti meM sAvadhAna aura azubha pravRtti se dUra, sampUrNa prANI sRSTi para premAmRta barasAne vAlA, aura vItarAga hotA hai / ' lezyAo dvArA vicAro kA zubha-azubhabhAva batAkara prArambha kI tIna lezyAo ko tyAjya aura antima tIna lezyAo ko upAdeya kahA hai / " pahalI tIna, pApa-lezyAe yA adharma - lezyAe hai / anta kI tIna, zubha yA dharmalezyAe kahalAtI haiM / antima zukla lezyA AtmavikAsa kI anivArya garta hai / agara manuSya kI vicAradhArA, kSudra, zubhratara aura zubhratama kI ora cala par3e to manuSya apanI AtmA kA zIghra hI kalyANa kara sakatA hai aura vizvazAnti ke lie bahuta kucha kara sakatA hai| 1 uttarAdhyayana, a0 34, gA0 25, 26, 17 11 33 12 2. 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 56, 57 mo 3 4 jana dhama shw 11 19 12 " 133 11 33 33 11 19 " 23

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manovijJAna 125 jaina dharma me kapAya aura lezyA kA atyanta sUkSma vivecana kiyA gayA hai, dravya aura bhAva rUpa se lezyA aura kapAya ke varNana me pAsparika sAmaJjasya isa prakAra ho gayA ki dono ko pRthak karanA dupkara bana gayA hai| phira bhI udAharaNa ke dvArA jainAcAryoM ne use isa prakAra samajhAyA hai ki jaise pitta ke prakopa se koSa bhaDaka uThatA hai usI prakAra lezyA ke dravya, kaSAyo ko uttejita karate hai / pariNAmo, vicAro tathA mAnasika udvego ko lezyA dvArA raga, gadha, rama nayA sparza Adi sabhI kucha prApta hotA hai| jaise kRSNa lezyA meM kAjala jaimA raga hotA hai, nIla leNyA me mora kI gardana jaisA nIlA raga rahatA hai, kApona lezyA me kabUtara jaimA, tejolegyA me manupya rakta jaisA, padma lezyA me campA ke phala jaisA, tathA zukla lezyA meM candramA jaisA raga rahatA hai / isI prakAra rasAsvAda me bhI antara hotA hai| kRSNa lezyA vAle puruSa ko kaDavI tUmbI jaimA, nIla vAle ko mirca, kapota vAle ko dADima, tejo vAle ko pake hue grAma, padma vAle ko ikSu rasa, aura zukla leNyA vAle ko mizrI jaisA AsvAda anubhava hotA hai| usI prakAra lezyAno meM sugadha aura durgandha kA bhI sahabhAva pAyA jAtA hai| lezyA ke pudgalo kA sparza aprazasta tIna kA karkaza, aura prazasta tIna kA navanIta jaisA komala hotA hai| jainAcAryoM ne lezyA aura kaSAya dvArA manomaya vaicArika jagat kA vilakSaNa varNana kiyA hai, Adhunika vijJAna me jo raga vijJAna ke dvArA mAnasika ruci kA parijJAna kiyA jAtA hai, kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra ne to lezyAno ke sUkSma vizleSaNa dvArA hamAre antarjagat kA spaSTa citra khaica kara hamAre sAmane rakha diyA hai| lezyApro ke jJAna se jagat azubha se zubha kI ora prayANa kare yahI samyagjJAna kA prayojana hai| kaSAya kaSAya kA artha-kaSAya jainadharma kA eka pAribhASika zabda hai| yaha 'kaSa' aura 'pAya' ina do zabdo ke mela se banA hai| kaSa kA artha hai 'karma' athavA 'janma-maraNa' / jisase karmo kA Aya yA bandhana hotA hai, athavA jisase jIva ko puna puna janma-maraNa ke cakra me par3anA paDatA hai, vaha kaSAya kahalAtA hai jo manovRttiyA AtmA ko kaluSita karane vAlI hai, jinake prabhAva se

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126 jana dhama AtmA apane svarUpa se bhraSTa ho jAtA hai, manovijJAna kI bhASA meM vaha kaSAya hai / praveza aura lAlasA kI vRttiyA kaSAya ko janma detI hai / vaha vRttiyAM bhI aneka prakAra kI hai / magara jainadharma meM unheM cAra bhAgo meM bAMTA gayA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne gautama svAmI se kahA - " he gautama! kapAya cAra hai 1 krodha, 2 mAna, 3 mAyA, 4. lobha / jainAgamo me ina kaSAyo kA vaijJAnika paddhati se vivecana milatA hai / 1 krodha -- krodha eka mAnasika kintu uttejaka savega hai / uttejita hote hI vyakti bhAvAviSTa ho jAtA hai, jisase usakI vicAra kSamatA aura tarka zakti bahuta kucha zithila ho jAtI hai / bhAvAtmaka sthiti meM bar3he hue praveza kI vRtti yuyutsA ko janma detI hai / yuyutsA zramarSa ko aura amarpa zrAkramaNa ko utpanna karatA hai / krodha aura bhaya me yahI pradhAna antara hai ki kova ke praveza meM AkramaNa kA, aura bhaya ke praveza me grAtma rakSA kA prayatna hotA hai / krodha kA praveza hote hI zArIrika sthiti parivartita ho jAtI hai / zrAmAzaya kI mayana kriyA, raktacApa, hRdaya kI gati, auaura mastiSka ke jJAnatantusava avyavasthita ho jAte hai, aura bhaya ke vaDhane para grAmAzaya kAma karanA hI vada kara detA hai / magara krodha meM rakta kA vaDhanA, hRdaya kA dhar3akanA aura jJAnatantu kA zanya honA vizeSa kriyAe hai / grata bhagavAn mahAvIra pharamAte hai'krodha - cAritra mohanIya karma ke udaya se hone vAlA, ucita anucita kA viveka naSTa kara dene vAlA, prajvalanarUpa grAtmA kA pariNAma krodha kahalAtA hai / ' krodha ke nAnA rUpa hote haiM / unheM pradarzita karane ke lie zAstra me krodha ke dasa nAma ginAye gae hai - jo moTe taura para samAnArthaka hone para bhI krodha ke bhinna-bhinna rUpo ke nidarzaka hai / ve yaha hai 1. krodha - savega kI uttejanAtmaka avasthA / 2 kopa- krodha se utpanna svabhAva kI cacalatA / 3. ropa- krodha kA parisphuTa rUpa / 4 dopa- svaya para yA para para dopa thopanA / 5 grakSamA-praparAdha ko kSamA na karanA - ugratA / 6. sajvalana - vAra-bAra jalanA, tilamilAnA / 7. kalaha-jora-jora se bola kara anucita bhASaNa karanA /

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manovijJAna 8. cANDikya- raudra rUpa dhAraNa karanA / 6. bhaMDana - pITane - mArane para utArU ho jAnA | 10. vivAda - grAkSepAtmaka bhASaNa karanA / yaha krodha kI vibhinna avasthAe hai jo uttejana eva praveza ke kAraNa utpanna hokara bhayakaratA utpanna karatI hai / ( bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 12, u0 5, pA0 2 1 ) 2. abhimAna - kula, bala, aizvarya, buddhi, jAti, jJAna Adi kisI vizeSatA kA ghamaMDa karanA mAna hai / manuSya me svAbhimAna kI mUla pravRtti hai hI, parantu jaba usame ucita se adhika zAsita karane kI bhUkha jAgRta hotI hai, aura jaba apane guNo eva yogyatAtro ko parakhane meM vaha bhUla kara jAtA hai, taba usake antaHkaraNa me mAna kI vRtti kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai / 127 abhimAna meM bhI uttejana aura grAvega hotA hai, kintu abhimAnI manuSya apanI ahaMvRtti kA poSaNa karatA hai / use grupane se baDhakara yA apanI barAbarI kA guNI korDa dIkhatA nahI / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne mAna ke bAraha nAma batalAye hai1. mAna - apane kisI guNa para jhUThI grahavRtti | 2. bhada-grahabhAva meM tanmayatA / 3. darpa-uttejanApUrNa grahabhAva / 4. stambha - pravinamratA / 5. garva-ahakAra / 6 pratyutkoza - apane ko dUsaro se zreSTha kahanA / 7 paraparivAda - paranindA | 8. utkarSa - grapanA aizvarya prakaTa karanA / 9. grapakarSa - dUsaro kI hInatA prakaTa karanA / 10 unnata - dUsaro ko tuccha samajhanA / 11 unnatanAma - guNI ke sAmane bhI na jhukanA | 12. durnAma - yathocita rUpa se na jhukanA / yaha saba mAna kI vibhinna avasthAe haiM / - bhagavatI, ga0 12, u05, pATha 3 / 3 mAyA -- kapaTAcAra mAyA kaSAya hai| zAstra meM isake pandraha nAma ginAye hai, jo isa prakAra hai- 1. mAyA - kapaTAcAra |

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128 jaina dharma 2 upAdhi-uge jAne yogya vyakti ke samIpa jAne kA vicaar| 3. nikRti-chalane ke abhiprAya se adhika sammAna karanA / 4 valaya-vakratApUrNa vcn| 5. gahana-Thagane ke vicAra se atyanta gUDha bhASaNa krnaa| 6 nUma-ugAI ke uddezya se nikRSTatama kArya krnaa| 7 kalka-dUsare ko hiMsA ke lie ubhAranA / 8. kurUpa-nindita vyavahAra / 6. jihmatA-ThagAI ke lie kArya manda krnaa| 10. kilviSika-maoNDoM kI bhAti kuceSTA krnaa| 11. AdaraNatA-anicchita kArya bhI apanAnA / 12. gahanatA-apanI karatUta ko chipAne kA prayala krnaa| 13. vcktaa-tthgii| 14. pratikucanatA-kisI ke marala rUpa se kahe gaye vacano kA khaDana krnaa| 15 sAtiyoga-uttama vastu me hIna vastu mizrita karanA / yaha sava mAyA kI hI vibhinna avasthAe hai| --bhagavatI, za0 12, a0 5, pA0 4 / 4 lobha--mohanIya karma ke udaya se citta me utpanna hone vAlI tRSNA yA lAlasA lobha kahalAtI hai| lobha kI solaha avasthAeM hotI haiM 1. lobha-saMgraha karane kI vRtti / 2. icchaa-abhilaassaa| 3. mUrchA-tIvratama sagrahavRtti / 4. kAkSA-prApta karane kI aashaa| 5. gRddhi-prApta vastu me Asakti honaa| 6. tRSNA-joDane kI icchA, vitaraNa kI virodhI vRtti / 7. mithyA-viSayo kA dhyAna / 8. abhidhyA-nizcaya se Diga jaanaa| 6. AzasanA-iSTaprApti kI icchA krnaa| 10. prArthanA-artha Adi kI yaacnaa| 11 laalpntaa-caattukaaritaa| 12. kAmAgA-kAma kI icchaa| 13. bhogAzA- bhogya padArthoM kI icchA /

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samyagjJAna vaNa pAtra hai kRpNa, nIla, pIta, rakta aura zveta / gadha do hai sugandha aura durgandha rasa pAca hai kaTaka, kapAya, tikta, amla, aura mapura / sparga ATha hai kaThina, mRdu, guru, laghu, gIta, uSNa, sUkSma aura snigdha / yaha saba bIsa padgala ke asAdhAraNa guNa hai, jo tAratamya eva sammizraNa ke kAraNa sakhyAta, asalyAta pora ananta rUpa grahaNa karate hai| gavda, gadha, sUkSmatA, sthUlatA, AkRti, bheda, adhakAra, chAyA, cA~danI aura dhUpa pudgala ke hI lakSaNa hai 2 / padagala ke avasthAkRta cAra bheda 3 hai --skandha, deza, pradeza aura paramANu / sampUrNa pudgala piNDa skandha kahalAtA hai| skandha kA eka bhAga deza kahalAtA hai / skandha aura deza se jur3A huyA avibhAjya aMga pradeva kahalAtA hai pIra vaha pradeza jaba skadha yA deza se pRthaka ho jAtA hai taba paramANu kahalAtA hai| sAdhAraNatayA koI skandha bAdara, aura koI sUkSma hote hai| vAdara skandha indriyagamya, aura sUkSma indriya agamya hote hai / inhe chaha bhAgo me vibhakta kiyA gayA hai ~~ 1. bAdara bAdara skandha - jo TUTa kara juDa na sake, lakaDI patthara / 2. bAdara skandha - pravAhI pudgala jo TUTa kara juDa jAte hai / 3 sUkSma bAdara - jo dekhane me sthUla kintu akATya ho, jaise - dhUpa, prakAza aadi| 4. bAdara sUkSma sUkSma hone para bhI indriyagamya ho, jaise rasa, gadha, sparga, Adi / 5 sUkSma indriyo se agocara skadha, yathA-karmavargaNAdi 6 sUkSmamUkSma atyanta sUkSma skandha, yathA-karmavargaNA se nIce ke dvayaNuka paryanta pudgala / paramANu, pudgala kA vaha sUkSmatama bhAga hai, jo puna vibhakta nahI ho 1 bhagavatI sU0 za0 12 uddezA 4, sa0 450 / / 2 uttarAdhyayana, a0 28, gAthA 12 / 3. prajJApanA pariNAma pada, 13 sU0 185 / 4 anuyogadvAra

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82 gamyagjJAna nahIM hai, magara detA hai| aura dIye hai| nAma hai, " kI hai| pha paramANu haiM, usI prakAra kA sUkSma bhAga hai| paramA meM pri vega hotA hai, vaha eka samaya meM sampUrNa lokamAra batalAte haiM ki paramANu pAva kI bhayAnakanapaTI meM gura bhI nahI, pAnI me galanA nahIM, naTanA nahIM zrabhedya, prachedya, vAsa hai-yavinamra hai / ho, kinI to unakA paramANu-paryAya nahIM rahatA, gANI ke pRthak hone para vaha pana paramANu kA rUpa jaina dharma kA paramANu vijJAna sAhitya meM jitanA cintana evaM utanA vizvasAhitya ne kahI satya nahIM / paramANu-yuga hai, kintu jaina paramANu vijJAna kI jAyegA ki Aja ke RNa-vaijJAnika vAstavika hai / use pAne ke lie aba bhI gaharA gotA lagAne kI AvazyakatA hai / aNuneda kI jo bAta Aja kahI jA rahI hai, vaha vastutastanyameva piNDabheda hai / RNu to avibhAjya hai / nahI pahuMca sake praveza sakatA / paramANa meM usameM eka varNa, eka gatha, eka rasa Ama kA palaka girAne meM zraNa ko jainamAstra 3 honA nahIM yaha meM jaba jAtA hai banatI hai| hai| aura gambhIra hai| na viSaya meM hai, dhAna kA bhuga pararASTa ho eka zrRNu kA dUsare aNu ke sAtha kisa prakAra yoga prarthAt baMdha hotA hai ? kina vizeSatAyo ke kAraNa paramANu paraspara vaha hote hai, yaha jAnane ke lie jainAgamo kA abhyAsa karane kI AvazyakatA hai / (desie - bhagavatI sUtra, pannavaNAsUtra, paMcAstikAya tattvArthamUtra, zrAdi) / zabda paramANujanya nahI, svanvajanya hai, do skandhoM ke saMgharSa se zabda kI utpatti hotI hai / kaI bhAratIya grAcArya zabda ko amUrta AkAna kA guNa kahate haiM, magara mUrta kA guNa mUrtta nahI ho sakatA / zabda mUrta hai, yaha jaina mAnyatA Aja vijJAna dvArA bhI samarthita ho cukI hai| zabda kA kUpa Adi me pratidhvanita honA aura grAmophona meM baddha honA usake mUrttatva vA pramANa hai / pudgala kA camatkAra -- uparyukta chaha dravyo kA vistAra hI yaha jagat hai | isameM inake atirikta koI sAtavA dravya nahI hai / 1, anuyogadvAra / 2 sthAnAMga sthAna, 3 uddezA 0 3 sU0 82 3 uttarAdhyayana, a0 28, mA0 8 /

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mukti mArga tattva-carcA _ pichale prakaraNa me dravyo ke sambandha me jo kucha kahA jA cukA hai, vastuta' usI me tattva-carcA kA samAveza ho jAtA hai, kyoki jaise mUladravya jIva aura ajIva do hai, usI prakAra mUla tattva bhI yahI do hai| phira bhI janazAstro me dravyo me pRthak tattva kA jo nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, usakA viziSTa prayojana hai| dravyanirUpaNa sRSTi kA yathArtha bodha prApta karane ke lie hai, jabaki tattvavivecana kI pRSThabhUmi AdhyAtmika hai / sAdhaka ko isa vizAla nizva kI bhaugolika sthiti kA aura usake agabhUta padArthoM kA jJAna na ho, to bhI vaha tattvajJAna ke sahAre muktisAdhanA ke patha para agrasara ho sakatA hai, kintu tattvajJAna ke abhAva meM kore dravya jJAna se muktilAbha honA nabhava nahI hai| heya, upAdeya aura jJeya kA vivekatattva vivecana se hI saMbhava hai / ningaTha nAyaputta mahAvIra kA yaha amara ghoSa thA ki sAdhaka java taka svarUpa ko pahacAnane kI kSamatA nahIM prApta kara letA, vaha mukti ke patha para agrasara nahI ho sakatA / jainadharma jJAna ke do bheda kara detA hai--prayojanabhUta jJAna, aura aprayojanabhUta jJAna / mumukSu ke lie prAtmajJAna hI 'prayojanabhUta jJAna' hai, use apanI mukti ke lie yaha jAnanA anivArya nahI, ki jagat kitanA vizAla hai, aura isake upAdAna kyA hai ? use to yahI jAnanA cAhie ki AtmA kyA hai| sava AtmAe~ tattvata samAna hai, to uname vaiSamya kyo dRSTigocara hotA hai ? yadi bAhya upAdhi ke kAraNa vaiSamya AyA hai, to vaha upAdhi kyA hai ? kisa prakAra usakA AtmA se samvandha hotA hai ? kaise vaha AtmA ko prabhAvita karatI hai ? kaise usase chuTakArA mila sakatA hai ? chuTakArA milane ke pazcAt AtmA kisa sthiti meM rahatI hai ? inhI prazno ke samAdhAna ke lie jainAgamo me tattva kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| sakSepa me yaha ki dravyanirUpaNa kA uddezya dArzanika eva laukika hai, aura tattvanirUpaNa kA uddezya AdhyAtmika hai / tattva nau' hai --1 jIva 2 ajIva 3 puNya 4 pApa 5. prAsrava 6. savara 7 nirjarA 8. vadha 6. mokSa / yaha jaina dharma kA prAdhyAtmika manthana tathA vikAsa ke sAdhaka aura 1 sthAnAga, sthA0 9, sUtra, 665; uttarAdhyayana sUtra bha0 28, gA0 14 /

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jaina dharma bAdhaka tattvo kA apanA maulika pratipAdana hai / jainadharma inhI tatvoM ke AdhAra para jIva ke utthAna, patana, sukha, dukha aura janma - mRtyu Adi kI samasyAe~ huna karatA hai / ina tattvo kA sakSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai / 1 jIva - jIva ke sambandha meM pahale kahA jA cukA hai / jIva kahie thA grAtmA, svabhAva se amUrta hone para bhI karmabandha ke kAraNa mUrta-sA ho rahA hai / pratyeka saMsArI jIva karma se prabhAvita hai / karmavan grAtmA ko parAdhIna aura dukhI banAtA hai / grAtmA karma upArjana karane me svatantra, kintu bhogane meM paratantra hai / AtmA svaya hI apane utthAna - patana kA nirmAtA hai / apane bhAgya kA vidhAtA hai / vaha na kUTastha nitya hai, aura na ekAnta kSaNika hI hai, kintu anya dravyo kI bhAti pariNAmI nitya hai / 84 2 ajIva -- jIva kA varNana pahale A gayA hai| kahA jA cukA hai ki jIva karmavandha ke kAraNa hI apane vAstavika svarUpa se vacita hai / karma eka prakAra ke pudgala hai / dekhanA cAhie ki jIva kA karma pudgaloM ke sAtha kyo aura kaise sambandha hotA hai / R 3. puNya -- " punAti, pavitrIkarotyAtmAnamiti puNyam / " "jo AtmA ko pavitra karatA hai athavA pavitratA kI ghora le jAtA hai, vaha puNya hai / " puNya eka prakAra ke zubha pudgala hai, jinake phalasvarUpa zrAtmA ko laukika sukha prApta hotA hai aura prAdhyAtmika sAdhanA me sahAyatA prApta hotI hai / dharma kI prApti samyak zraddhA, sAmarthya, saMyama aura manuSyatA kA vikAsa bhI puNya se hI hotA hai / tIrthaMkara nAmakarma bhI puNya kA phala hai / puNya, mokSArthiyoM kI naukA ke lie anukUla ghAyu hai, jo naukA ko bhavasAgara se zIghratama pAra kara detI hai | Arogya, sampatti yAdi sukhada padArtho kI prApti puNya karma ke prabhAva se hI hotI hai / ( AcArya hemacandra ne karmo ke lAghava ko bhI puNya mAnA hai ) "puNyata. - karmalAghavalakSaNAt zubhakarmodayalakSaNAcca / " -- yogazAstra - pra0 4, zlo0 107 / jina prakAro se puNyopArjana hotA hai, unheM nau bhAgo me vibhakta kiyA hai - 1. appA kattA vikattA ya, uttarA0, a0 20 gA0 37 2. sthAnAMga, abhayadeva TIkA, prathama sthAna 2. navapuNe, ThANAMga, ThANA 9

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samyagjJAna - 1. annapuNya bhojana kA dAna denaa| 2 pAna puNya pAnI kA dAna denaa| 3 layanapuNya nivAsa ke lie sthAna-dAna krnaa| 4. gayanapuNya zayyA, sastAraka-vichaunA Adi denaa| 5. vastrapuNya vastra kA dAna denaa| 6 mana puNya mana ke zubha eva hitakara vicAra / 7. vacanapuNya prazasta vANI kA pryog| 8. kAyapuNya zarIra se sevA grAdi zubha pravRtti krnaa| 6. nanaskArapuNya - gurujano eva guNI jano ke samakSa namrabhAva dhAraNa karanA, aura prakaTa krnaa| puNya ke bhI do bheda hai --1. dravya puNya aura 2 bhAva puNya / anukampA, sevA, paropakAra Adi zubha-vRttiyo se puNya kA upArjana' hotA hai / vizva, rASTra, samAja, jAti tathA dukhI prANiyo ke dukhanivAraNa karane kI bhAvanA, tathA tadanukUla pravRtti karane se puNya kA bandha hotA hai| aura inhIM madguNo ko samyakdRSTipUrvaka sampAdana kiyA jAya, to yaha dharma tathA nirjarA ke bhI kAraNa bana jAte hai| pApa-jisa vicAra, uccAra eva prAcAra se apanA aura para kA ahita ho aura jisakA phala aniSTa-prApti ho, vaha pApa kahalAtA hai / pApa-karma prAtmA ko malIna aura dukhamaya banAte hai / nimnalikhita aThAraha azubha prAcaraNo me sabhI pApo kA samAveza ho jAtA hai / 1. praannaatipaat-hisaa| 2. mRSAvAda-asatya bhASaNa / 3. adttaadaan-caurykrm| 4. maithuna-kAma-vikAra, laigika prvRtti| 5 parigraha-mamatva, mUrchA, tRSNA, 6. krodh-gussaa| sNcy| 7 mAna-grahakAra, abhimaan| 8. mAyA-kapaTa, chala, Sar3ayantra, kUTanIti / 6. lobha-sacaya ke sarakSaNa kI 10. rAga-prAsakti / vRtti / 11 dveSa-ghRNA, tiraskAra, IrSyA 12 kleza-sagharSa, kalaha, lar3AI, jhagar3A aadi| aadi| 1 bhagavatI, za0 7, u0 6, sUtra 286 /

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jaina dharma 13. amyAkhyAna-dopAropaNa 14. pizunatA-cugalI 15. prprivaad-prnidaa| 16. rati-arati-harpa aura shok| 17 mAyAmRpA-kapaTa sahita jhuutth| 18 mithyAdarzanazatya-ayathArtha zraddhA / Astava --' AtmA me karmoM kA AnA aura unake pAne kA kAraNa Asrava kahalAtA hai / mana, vacana, aura kAya kI vaha saba vRttiyAM, jinase karma AtmA kI ora AkRSTa hote hai, yAtrava hai / pAlava karmavandha kA kAraNa hai| ___AtmA ke loka meM Asrava hI karmoM kA pravezadvAra hai / mumukSu-jIva ko yaha jAna lenA anivArya hai ki vaha kauna-sI bRttiyoM yA pravRttiyA hai, jinake kAraNa karmoM kA Agamana hotA hai ? unhe jAne vinA niruddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, aura muktilAbha bhI nahI liyA jA sakatA / prAsravajanaka vRttiyo aura pravRittayo kI ThIka taraha gaNanA nahIM ho sakatI, tathApi vargIkaraNa karake jainazAstro me aneka prakAra se unakA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai / mUla me unakI malyA pAca hai .1. mithyAtva viparIta shrddhaa| 2. avirati ahiMsA, asatya aadi| 3. pramAda kugala anuSThAna me anAdara / 4. kaSAya krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha / 5, yoga mana, vacana aura kAyA kA vyaapaar| saMvara-2 mumukSu jIva karmoM ke prAsrava ke kAraNo ko pahacAna kara jaba unase viruddha vRttiyo kA avalambana letA hai to prAsrava ruka jAtA hai / prAstrava kA ruka jAnA hI savara hai| udAharaNArtha-yathArtha zraddhAniSTha banane para mithyAtvajanya Asrava ruka jAtA hai, ahiMsA satya Adi vrato kA AcaraNa karane se avirati-janya prAsrava nahI hotA, apramatta avasthA me pramAdajanya Asrava nahIM hotA, vItarAgadazA prApta kara lene para kaSAya-janya Asrava ruka jAtA hai, aura pUrNa AtmaniSThA prApta kara lene para yoga-janya Asrava ruka jAtA hai| karmAsrava kA nirova mana, vacana, kAya ke aprazasta vyApAra ko rokane 1. samavAyAMga, samavAya 5 / 2. uttarAdhyayana, a0 29, sUtra 11 / 3. tattvArtha sUtra, a0 9, sUtra 2, sthAnAMgavRtti, sthA0 1 /

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samyagjJAna 87 se, vivekapUrvaka pravRtti karane se, kSayA Adi dharmo kA AcaraNa karane se, anta.karaNa me virakti jagAne se, kaSTa-sahiSNutA aura samyak cAritra kA anuSThAna karane se hotA hai| koI bhI sAdhaka yoga-kriyA ko sarvathA niruddha nahI kara sktaa| uThanA, vaiThanA, khAnA-pInA, sabhASaNa karanA Adi jIvana ke lie anivArya hai| jainagAstra ina pravRttiyoM kI manAhI nahI karatA, parantu ina para akuza avazya lagAtA hai, aura vaha akuga hai viveka kaa| sAdhaka jo bhI pravRtti kare, vaha vivekapUrNa honI cAhie, usame viveka kI AtmA bolanI cAhie, vaha samasta kriyAe prAsrava hai jinake pIche aviveka kAma karatA hai, isake viparIta vivekapUrNa kI jAne vAlI kriyAye dharma aura saMvaramaya hai / nirjarA:-1 savara navIna pAne vAle karmoM kA nirodha hai, parantu akelA saMvara mukti ke lie paryApta nhii| naukA me chidro dvArA pAnI pAnA Asrava hai| chidra vanda karake pAnI roka denA saMvara smjhie| magara jo pAnI yA cukA hai, usakA kyA ho? use dhIre-dhIre ulIcanA paDegA / basa, yahI nirjarA hai| nirjarA kA artha hai-jarjarita kara denA, jhADa denA / pUrvabaddha karmoM ko jhAr3a denA, pRthak kara denA nirjarA tattva hai| karmanirjarA ke do prakAra hai-- praupakramika aura anaupakramika / paripAka hone se pUrva hI tapa prayoga Adi kisI viziSTa sAdhanA se, balAtkarmo ko udaya me lAkara jhADa denA aupakramika nirjarA hai| apanI niyamaavadhi pUrNa hone para svataH karmoM kA udaya me pAnA aura phala dekara haTa jAnA anaupakramika nirjarA hai| isakA dUsarA nAma savipAka nirjarA hai| yaha pratyeka prANI ko pratikSaNa hotI rahatI hai / bandha aura nirjarA kA pravAha avirAma gati se bar3ha rahA hai, kintu sAdhaka savara dvArA navIna prAsrava ko niruddha kara, tapasyA dvArA purAtana karmo ko kSINa karatA calatA hai| vaha anta me pUrNarUpa se niSkarma bana jAtA hai| magara yaha sAdhanA sarala nahI hai| isake lie sabhI para padArtho me 1. sthAnAMga, sthA0 5, u0 1, sUtra 409 / 2. jahA mahAtalAgassa, uttarAdhyayana, a0 30, gA0 5 / 3 uttarAdhyayana, a0 13, gA0 16 / .

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88 jaina dharma anAsakti aura sAtha hI AtmaniSThA apekSita hai / aisA sAdhaka apane vigaTa caitanyamvarUpa ko prApta karanA hI apanA ekamAtra dhyeya mAnatA hai / jainazAstra sAdhaka-jIvana kI anAsakti ko yo prakaTa karate hai.--- 'avi appaNo vi dehami, nAyarati mmaaiy|' sasAra ke anya padArthoM kI bAta to dUra rahI, sAdhaka kA apane zarIra para bhI mamabhAva nahI rhtaa| vaha anta stha hokara svarUparamaNa me hI lIna rahatA hai| isI kAraNa sayamI sAdhaka ko avipAka nirjarA kA amUlya' tatva prApta hotA hai, jisake vala para vaha koTi-koTi karmoM ko kSaNa bhara me phala bhoge vinA hI bhasma kara detA hai| aDola akampa sAdhaka jagat me rahatA huyA bhI, jagat se aura deha me rahatA huA bhI deha se aisA alipta rahatA hai jaise kIcar3a, pAnI, aura Aga me par3A huA sonA apane svarUpa me zuddha banA rahatA hai| alipta bhAva se kiyA huA tapazcaraNa karmasaghAta para aisA prahAra karatA hai ki vaha jarjarita hokara prAtmA se pRthak ho jAte hai / jaina paribhASA me ise 'sakAma' nirjarA kahate hai| vivaza hokara, hAya-hAya karate hue bhI karma bhoge jAte hai, aura phala dene ke bAda ve nirjIva ho jAte hai / vaha akAma nirjarA hai| sAdhAraNa sasArI prANI akAmanirjarA dvArA hI karmo ko jIrNa karate hai, parantu aisA karate-karate ve aura adhika navIna karma upArjana kara lete hai, jisase unhe mukti nahI mila paatii| abhiprAya yaha hai ki icchApUrvaka samabhAva se kapTa sahanA, sakAma nirjarA, aura anicchApUrvaka vyAkula evaM azAntabhAva se kaSTa bhoganA, akAmanirjarA hai| bandha -AtmA ke sAtha, dUdha-pAnI kI bhA~ti, karmoM kA mila jAnA, vandha kahalAtA hai| kina vRttiyo eva pravRttiyo se karmoM kA Asrava hotA hai yaha hama dekha cuke hai, magara prazna yaha hai ki AtmA ke sAtha karmo kA bandha hotA kaise hai ? AtmA arUpI aura karma pudgala rUpI hai / arUpI ke sAtha rUpI kA vandha kisa prakAra sabhava hai ? isa prazna kA uttara yaha hai ki yadyapi AtmA apane svarUpa se arUpI hai; tathApi anAdi kAla se karmavaddha hone ke kAraNa rUpI bhI hai| mohagrasta 1. sthAnAMga, sthAna 2, uddezA 2, prajApanA pada 23, sU0 5 /

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samyagjJAna 82 saMmArI prANI ne aba taka kAgI apanA amUrta svabhAva prApta nahIM kiyA hai aura jaba vaha use prApta kara letA hai to phira kabhI karmavaddha nahIM hotaa| khanina svarNa kA giTTI ke sAya kaba nayoga huA, nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isI prakAra mAtmA ke nAtha pahale-pahA kaba karmoM kA bandha huA, yaha bhI nahI kahA jA sktaa| isa sambandha meM jo kucha kahA jA sakatA hai, vaha yahI ki inakA sambandha anAdikAlIna hai| jaise cikane padArtha para rajakaNa pAkara cipaka jAte hai, usI prakAra rAga-dvepa kI cikanATa ke kAraNa karma prAtmA se vaddha ho jAte hai / rAga-dvepa, moha Adi jo vikRta bhAva karmapudgalo ke bandha me kAraNa hai, ve bhAva vandha hai, aura karma pudgalo kA Atmapradezo ke sAtha ekameka honA nya bandha hai| pudgala kI aneka jAtiyo meM eka 'kArmaNa' jAti hai / isa jAni ke pudgala sUkSmatara raja ke rUpa me sampUrNa loka meM vyApta hai| jaba prAtmA me rAgAdi vibhAva kA AvirbhAva hotA hai, vaha pudgala vahI ke Atmapradezo se baddha ho jAte hai, jahA~ ve pahale se maujUda the| yahI nandha kA svarUpa hai| bandha ke samaya una karmoM meM cAra bAte niyata hotI hai, jinake kAraNa bandha ke bhI cAra prakAra' kahe jAte hai| gAya ghAma khAtI hai, aura apanI praudarya yantrapraNAlI dvArA use dUdha ke rUpa meM pariNata kara detI hai| usa dUdha me cAra vAte hotI hai - 1 dUdha kI prakRti (madhuratA) 2 kAlamaryAdA--dUdha ke vikRta na hone kI eka avdhi| 3 madhuratA kI taramatA, jaise bhaisa ke dUdha kI apekSA kama, aura bakarI ke dUdha kI apekSA adhika madhuratA honA aadi| 4 dUdha kA parimANa sera, do sera Adi / isI prakAra karma meM eka vizeSa prakAra kA svabhAva utpanna ho jAnA prakRtivandha hai| karma ke svabhAva asaraya hai, phira bhI unhe ATha bhAgo me vibhakta kiyA gayA hai, jinakA spaSTIkaraNa pRthak pariccheda me diyA gayA hai| svabhAva-nirmANa ke sAtha hI usake baddha rahane kI kAla avadhi bhI nizcita ho jAtI hai, jise sthiti banva kahate hai / phala (rasa) dene kI tIvratA athavA 1. samavAyAga, samavAya 4 //

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jaina dharma mandatA 'anubhAgavandha' yA 'rasa bandha' hai, aura karmapradezo kA samUha 'pradeza vandha' kahalAtA hai / 90 ina cAra bandho meM se prakRtivandha aura pradezabandha yogo kI caMcalatA para nirbhara hote hai, arthAt kitane karmadala bandha, aura uname kisa prakAra svabhAva utpanna ho, vaha bAta mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika spandana ke tAratamya ke anusAra nizcita hotI hai / karma kitane samaya taka zrAtmA ke sAtha baddha rahe, aura kitanA manda, madhyama yA ugra phala pradAna kare, yaha niyati kaSAya kI tIvratA - mandatA para avalambita hai / mokSa 9 savara dvArA navIna karmoM kA Agamana ruka jAne aura nirjarA dvArA pUrvavaddha samasta karmoM ke kSINa ho jAne ke phalasvarUpa AtmA ko pUrNa niSkarma dagA prApta ho jAtI hai / jaba karma nahI rahate to karmajanita upAdhiyA~ bhI nahI rahatI, aura jIva apane vizuddha svarUpa ko prApta kara letA hai / yahI jainadharma-sammata mokSa hai / -- mukta dazA meM AtmA grazarIra, zranindriya, grananta caitanyaghana, sarvajJa, sarvadarzI aura ananta grAtmika vIrya se sampanna ho jAtA hai / vaha saba prakAra kI kSudratA se pratIta, virAT svarUpa kI upalabdhi hai / vikAra hI vikAra ko utpanna karate hai, jo AtmA sarvathA nirvikAra ho jAtA hai vaha phira kabhI vikAramaya nahI hotA / vaha Asrava aura vandha ke kAraNoM se sadA ke lie mukta ho jAtA hai / isI kAraNa mukta dazA zAzvatika hai / muktAtmA phira kabhI sasAra me zravatIrNa nahI hote vaha janma-maraNa se zrAtyantika nivRtta hai / 3 AtmA svabhAvata. UrdhvagatizIla hai / jisa prakAra mRttikA se lipta tUbA jala meM choDa dene para nIce kI ora calA jAtA hai, aura TheTha paide para jA TikatA hai, kintu lepa gala jAne para halkA hokara pAnI kI sataha para prA jAtA hai, aura jaise agnizikhA svabhAvata. Urdhvagati karatI hai, usI prakAra prAtmA karmalepa se mukta hote hI svabhAvata. Urdhvagamana karatI hai / 1 uttarAdhyayana, a0 29, sUtra 72 / 2 uttarAdhyayana, a0 36, gA0 67 // 3. dazAzrutaskagha, a0 5, gA0 13 /

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91 9 magara lokAkAza se Age gati sahAyaka dharmadravya nahI hai / ataeva vahA~ usakI gati kA nirodha ho jAtA hai, aura muktAtmA lokAgra bhAga meM hI pratiSThita ho jAtI hai / isa prakAra samasta aupAdhika bhAvo se chuTakArA pA lenA, caitanyAnabhUti kI pUrNa vizuddhi ho jAnA, yA zrAtmA kA parama AtmA bana jAnA hI mola hai / yahI Izvaratva kI prApti hai / samyagjJAna sasAra-dazA meM, zrAtmA me jJAna aura prAnanda ke jo vikRta graga anubhava me zrAte hai, ve zrAtmA ke svAbhAvika jAna aura zrAnanda nAmaka guNa ke vikAra hai| mukta - dagA me vaha apane zuddha svarUpa meM prakaTa ho jAte hai, ataeva muktAtmA pUrNa jJAna, aura pUrNa evaM granirvacanIya zrAnanda kA anubhava karate haiM / mokSa-lAbha hI mAnava-jIvana kA carama aura parama puruSArtha hai / yahI samasta sAghanAmo kA sAra hai / pramANa-mImAMsA jainazAstro me jJAna kI mImAsA ke do prakAra upalabdha hote hai - prAgamika paddhati se aura tArkika paddhati se / zrAgamika paddhati, aura tArkika paddhati me vastuta. koI maulika bheda nahI hai, tathApi dono kA vargIkaraNa judA-judA hai / grAgamika paddhati ke vargIkaraNa ke anusAra jJAna ke pAca bheda hai-- matijJAna, zrutajJAna, gravavijJAna, mana paryAyajJAna, aura kevala jJAna / inakA digdarzana hama Age karege / tArkika paddhati ke anusAra sagaya, viparyAsa aura granadhyavasAya se rahita samyagjJAna, pramANa kahalAtA hai / pramANa jJAna ko cAra bhAgo me vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / 1 1. pratyakSa 2. zranumAna 3 zrAgama aura 4. upamAna / inakA sakSipta svarUpa isa prakAra hai - 1 pratyakSa :- 3 vizada jJAna arthAt jisa jJAna meM vastugata vizeSatAe pracuratA se pratIta hotI hai, vaha pratyakSa hai / pUrvokta pAca jJAno me se mati jJAna 1 uttarAdhyayana, a0 36, gA0 57 / 2. paccakkhe, aNumANe, ovamme, Agame, anuyogadvAra / pramANadvAram / 3. se kiM taM paccakkhe ? anuyogadvAra pramANadvAram /

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92 jaina narma aura zruta jJAna parokSa' hai aura antima tIna pravadhi, mana paryAya, aura kevala jJAna- pratyakSa' hai / pratyakSa me bho zravavijJAna aura mana paryAyajJAna vikala yA yAgika pratyakSa hai, aura kevala jJAna paripUrNa hone ke kAraNa sakala pratyakSa kahalAtA hai / matijJAna aura zrutajJAna vastuta parokSa hai, kintu loka-pratIti ke anusAra vaha sAvyavahArika pratyakSa bhI kahalAte haiM / 2. anumAna - 3 - 4 anumAna tarkazAstra kA prANa hai / yadyapi anumAna pratyakSamUlaka hotA hai, to bhI usakA apanA viziSTa sthAna hai / anumAna ke dvArA hI hama saMsAra kA adhikatama vyavahAra calA rahe hai| anumAna ke AdhAra para hI tarkazAstra kA vizAla bhavana khaDA huA hai / kArya-kAraNa ke siddhAnta se anumAna pramANa kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai / gragni se hI dhUmra kI utpatti hotI hai, aura agni ke abhAva meM dhUmra utpanna nahI ho sakatA, isa prakAra kA kArya-kAraNa bhAva vyApti yA avinAbhAva sambandha kahalAtA hai / isakA nizcaya tarka pramANa se hotA hai / avinAbhAva nizcita ho jAne para kAraNa ko dekhane se kArya kA bodha ho jAtA hai / vahI bodha anumAna kahalAtA he | kisI jagaha dhUma se uThate hue gubbAre ko dekhakara adRSTa agni kI kalpanA svata hotI hai" yahI anumAna jJAna hai / kahI koI zabda sunAI detA hai, to zrotA usI samaya nizcita kara letA hai ki yaha zabda manuSya kA hai athavA pazu kA hai / manuSyo me bhI amuka manuSya kA hai, aura pazuo me bhI gramuka pazujAti kA hai / isa prakAra kevala svara se svara vAle ko jAna lenA anumAna kA phala hai / anumAna ke do bheda hai - svArthAnumAna aura parArthAnumAna / anumAnakarttA jaba apanI anubhUti se svayaM hI kisI tathya (jJeya - sAdhya ) kA hetu 1. parokkhe gANe duvihe, sthAnAMga sUtra, sthA0 2 / 2. tivihe paNNate, anuyogadvAra pramANadvAram / 3 se ki taM aNumANe, anuyogadvAra0 pramANadvAram / 4. anuyogadvAra, pramANadvAram, mallaghArIyA TIkA / 5 aggiM dhUseNaM 6. sakhaM saddeNaM

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samyAjJAna (sAdhana) dvArA jJAna prApta karatA hai, to vaha svArthAnumAna kahalAtA hai| aura jaba vaha vacanaprayoga dvArA kisI anya ko vahI tathya samajhAtA hai, to usakA vaha vacana-pragega parArthAnumAna kahalAtA hai| svArthAnumAna jJAnAtmaka hai, aura parAnumAna vacanAtmaka hai| parArthAnumAna kA zAbdika rUpa kyA honA cAhie ? isa viSaya ko lekara bhAratIya nyAyazAstriyo ne bahuta vicAra kiyA hai / nyAyadarzana me parArthAnumAna ke pAtra avayava svIkAra kiye gaye hai, jo isa prakAra hai : 1. parvata me agni hai (pratijJA) / 2. kyoki vahAM dhUmra hai (hetu) / 3. jahAM-jahA dhUmra hotA hai, vahA-vahA agni hotI hai (vyApti) jaise rasoI ghara (udaahrnn)| 4 parvata me bhI dhUmra hai (upanaya) / 5. ataeva agni hai (nigamana) jaina tArkika samajhadAro ke lie iname se prathama ke do avayatro kA prayoga hI paryApta mAnate hai / alavattA kinI avodha vyakti ko samajhAne ke lie avika avayavo kA prayoga karanA Avazyaka ho to unake prayoga me koI hAni nahIM samajhate / magara pAMco avayavo ke prayoga ko ve anivArya nahI samajhate / 3. Agama pramANa --' zrutajJAna ke vivecana me pAgama pramANa kA varNana kiyA jaayegaa| 4 upamAna pramANa -3 prasiddha padArtha ke sAdRzya se aprasiddha padArtha kA samyak vodha honA upamA yA upamAna pramANa kahalAtA hai| 'gavaya gau ke samAna hotA hai' yaha vAkya jisane suna rakkhA hai, vaha vyakti jaba acAnaka gau ke sadRza pazu ko dekhatA hai, to pahale sune hue usa vAkya kA smaraNa karake jhaTa samajha jAtA hai, ki yaha gavaya hai / isa prakAra darzana aura smaraNa dono ke nimitta se hone vAlA sadRzatA kA jJAna hI upamAna hai| 1 paMceviha paNNataM / 2. se ki taM Agame, anuyogadvAra, pramANadvAram / 3 se ki ta ovamme, anuyogadvAra, pramANadvAram /

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jaina dharma pramANo kA yaha vargIkaraNa tarkAnusArI hone para bhI prAgamika hai / pazcAdvartI tArkika prAcAryoM ne pramANa kA vargIkaraNa dUsare prakAra se kiyA hai| unake anusAra pramANa do prakAra ke hai, pratyakSa aura parokSa / pratyakSa pramANa ke bhI do bheda hai --sAvyavahArika pratyakSa, aura pAramArthika pratyakSa' / parokSa pramANa pAca prakAra kA hai - 1. smRti, 2 pratyabhijJAna, 3. tarka'4 anumAna aura 5 Agama / smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki isa vargIkaraNa me bhI pUrvokta vargIkaraNa se koI maulika yA vastugata pArthakya nahI hai| isame upamAna pramANa ko pRthaka sthAna nahIM dekara, pratyabhijJAna me sammilita kara liyA gayA hai / smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna aura tarka usa vargIkaraNa ke anusAra sAvyavahArika pratyakSa ke antargata hai| nayavAda 1. naya svarUpa --vizva ke samasta darzanazAstra vastutattva kI kasauTI ke rUpa me pramANa ko agIkAra karate hai / kintu jainadarzana isa sambandha me eka nayI sUjha detA hai| usakI mAnyatA hai ki pramANa akelA vastutattva ko parakhane ke lie paryApta nahI hai| vastu kI yayArthatA kA nirNaya pramANa aura naya ke dvArA hI ho sakatA hai| jainetara darzana naya ko svIkAra na karane ke kAraNa hI ekAntavAda ke samarthaka bana gaye hai, java ki jainadarzana nayavAda ko agIkAra karane se anekAntavAdI hai| pramANa vastu kI samagratA ko, usake akhaNDa eka rUpa ko viSaya karatA hai / naya usI vastu ke ago ko, usake khaDa-khaDa rUpo ko jAnatA hai / kisI bhI vastu kA pUrA aura samyak jJAna prApta karane ke lie usakA vizleSaNa karanA anivArya hai| vizlepaNa ke binA usakA paripUrNa rUpa nahA jAnA jA sakatA / tattva kA vizleSaNa karanA aura vizlipTa svarUpa ko samajhanA naya kI upayogitA hai| 1. jaina nyAya tarka sagraha (yanovijaya) pramANa manDa / nnmnt|

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samyagjAna nayavAda ke dvArA paraspara virodhI pratIta hone vAle vicAro ke avirodha kA mUla khojA jAtA hai, aura unakA samanvaya kiyA jAtA hai / naya vicAro kI mImAsA hai| vaha eka ora vicAro ke pariNAma, aura kAraNa kA anveSaNa karate haiM, aura dUsarI ora paraspara virodhI vicAro me avirodha kA vIja gboja kara samanvaya sthApita karate hai| kyA AtmA-paramAtmA aura kyA jaDa padArtha, sabhI viSayo me paraspara virodhI mantavya upalabdha hote hai| eka jagaha vidhAna hai ki AtmA eka hai, to dUsarI jagaha kahA gayA hai ki AtmAe ananta-ananta hai / aise viruddha divAI dene vAle mantavyoM ke viSaya meM nayavAda apekSA kI nIti apanAtA hai| vaha vicAra karatA hai ki kima dRSTikoNa se AtmAe aneka hai ? isa prakAra ke dRSTikoNo kA anvepaNa karake una vicAro kI sacAI kA AdhAra khoja nikAlanA hI naya kA kAma hai, ataeva naya vividha vicAro ke samanvaya kI pIThikA taiyAra karatA hai| isalie nayavAda apekSAvAda bhI kahalAtA hai| jagata ke vicAro ke AdAna-pradAna kA sAdhana naya hai / pratyeka vastu me ananta dharma-svabhAva guNa vidyamAna hai / unake viSaya me ananta abhiprAyo ko viSaya karane vAle naya bhI ananta hote hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki ananta dharmAtmaka vastu ko akhaNDa rUpa meM jAnane vAlA jJAna pramANa kahalAtA hai, to usI vastu ke kisI eka dharma ko jAnane vAlA jJAna naya kahalAtA hai| pramANa anekAza grAhI hai, to naya eka aza kA grAhaka hai| 2. naya kI satyatA-kahA jA sakatA hai ki aneka azo meM se sirpha eka aza ko grahaNa karane vAlA naya mithyAjAna hai| naya yadi mithyAjJAna hai to vaha vastutattva ke nirNaya kA AdhAra kaise bana sakatA hai ? isa prazna kA uttara yahI diyA jA sakatA hai ki kisI bhI naya kI yathArthatA isa bAta para avalambita hai, ki vaha dUsare naya kA virovI na ho| udAharaNa ke lie AtmA ko liijie| eka naya se AtmA nitya hai aura dUsare naya se AtmA anitya hai / AtmA kA yAtmatva zAzvata hai, usakA kabhI vinAza sabhava nahI hai, isa dRSTikoNa se AtmA nitya hai| kintu AtmA zAzvata hotA huA bhI aneka rUpo meM parivartita hotA rahatA hai / kabhI manuSya ke paryAya meM utpanna hotA hai, kabhI pazu-pakSI kI yoni me

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jaina dharma janma letA hai, to kabhI naraka kA kIDA bana jAtA hai| isa dRSTikoNa se AtmA anitya bhI hai| yahA nityatAgrAhI naya agara aninyatAgrAhI naya kA virodha na kare, usake prati upekSA rakhe aura sirpha apane dRSTikoNa ke pratipAdana taka hI sImita rahe to vaha samyakanaya kahA jaaegaa| isake viparIta, jaba eka naya apana dRSTikoga ke pratipAdana ke sAtha dUsare nayo ke dRSTikoNa kA virodha karatA hai to aisA karanevAlA naya githyAnaya bana jAtA hai| sarala zabdo me kahanA cAhie-koI naya tabhI taka saccA hai, jaba taka vaha dUsare ko jhUThA nahI kahatA / java usane dUsare ko jUThA kahA to vaha svaya jhUThA ho gyaa| 3. nayabhedaH--kahA jA cukA hai ki eka vastu me ananta-ananta dharma hai aura usame eka eka dharma ko grahaNa karane vAlA abhiprAya naya kahalAtA hai / isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaba dharna ananna hai to nava bhI ananta hone caahie| vAstava me aisA hI hai| jagat me pracalita abhiprAya yA vacana-prayoga gaNanA ma nahI jA sakate to unako gahaNa karane vAle nayo kI gaganA bhI sambhava nahI / isIlie jainadarzana kahatA hai - 'jAvaiyA vayaNapahA, tAvaiyA ceva huMti nyvaayaa|' arthAt-jitane vacana ke patha hai, yA vastu sambandhI abhiprAya hai, utane hI naya ke prakAra hai| phira bhI vargIkaraNa ke siddhAnta kA upayoga kiyA jAya to una samasta nayo ko do bhAgo me vATA jA sakatA hai / 1 vyAthikanaya aura 2 paryAyAthika naya / mUla padArtha dravya kahalAtA hai aura usakI vibhinna aura dezo aura kAlo me hone vAlI nAnA avasthAe paryAya kahalAtI hai| samasta vicAro kI pravRtti yA to dravya ke dvArA yA paryAya ke dvArA hotI hai, ataeva mUlabhUta do hI hai| dravya nitya hai, ataeva nityatA ko grahaNa karanevAlA naya dravyAthika naya kahalAtA hai| - 1 se ki taM gae ? sattamUlaNayA paNNatA anuyogahAra nayadvAram,

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. . ............0000 .......................... ullo sukkhova do chUDA, golayA mttttiyaamyaa| do vi AvaDiyA kuDDe, jo ullo sottha laggaI // evaM lagganti dummehA, je narA kAma lAlasA / virattA u na lagganti, jahA se sukka golae / -uttarAdhyayana, a0 25, gA0 42-43 / he gAvaka jisa prakAra eka sUkhI miTTI kA aura eka gIlI miTTI kA golA dIvAra me phekA jAya, to gIlA golA dIvAra se cipaka jAtA hai, sUkhA nahI cipakatA, usI prakAra jo kAma-lAlasA me Asakta, aura dupTa-buddhi vAle manuSya hote hai unhI ko saMsAra kA vadhana hotA hai aura jo kAma-bhoga se virata hote hai, una ko baMdhana nahIM hotaa|' .........00000000000..............00000.. .... prAdhyAtmika utkAnti

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AdhyAtmika utkrAnti caudaha guNasthAna AtmA kI kramika utkrAnti-jainadharma kA mantavya hai ki vizva meM anantaananta AtmAeM hai aura unakI apanI svatantra sattA hai, ve kisI eka virAT sattA kA aza nahIM hai, hA~, sabhI AtmAo kA mUla svabhAva samAna hai, usame koI vilakSaNatA nahI, bheda nahI, phira bhI unakA astittva pRthak-pRthak hI hai| pratyeka prAtmA kA maulika svarUpa eka hone para bhI sasAra kI AtmAo meM jo vibhinnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai, vaha aupAdhika hai / kamoM ke prAvaraNa kI taratamatA ke kAraNa hI AtmA-pAtmA me bheda dikhAI detA hai / AvaraNa kI taratamatA ananta prakAra kI hai, ataeva AtmA ke svAbhAvika guNo ke vikAsa aura hrAsa kI dazAe~ bhI ananta hai| phira bhI jJAniyo ne una dazAno kA vargIkaraNa kiyA hai aura vaha bhI aneka prakAra se--- ___ eka vargIkaraNa ke anusAra vikAsa-dazA kI dRSTi se prAtmAe~ tIna prakAra kI hotI hai--- 1. vahirAtmA (mithyAdI) 2. antarAtmA (samyagdarzI) 3 paramAtmA (sarvadarzI)

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148 jaina dharma jainazAstro me ina tIna prakAra kI AtmAno kI bhI cAdaha bhUmikAe~ vatalAI gaI haiM, jinhe guNasthAna kahate hai / pahalI ne tImarI bhUmikA taka kA jIva vahirAtmA kahalAtA hai| sAmAnyatayA cauyI se bArahavI bhUmikA vAlA, antarAtmA kahalAtA hai aura terahavI tathA caudahvI vAlA prmaatmaa| ____guNasthAna jainadharma ko maulika dena hai / caudaha guNasthAna meM prAtmA kI samasta vikAsa-hrAsa kI avasthAo ke citra dikhalAye gae haiN| iname samAra kI saba AtmAno kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| kisI bhI prAtmA kI koI bhI avasthA kyo na ho, usakA antarbhAva kisI-na-kisI guNasthAna me ho hI jAtA hai / yahA~ guNa kA artha hai-'pAtmA kI vizeSatA' / AtmA kI vizepatAe~ pA~ca prakAra kI hai, jinhe jIva kA bhAva bhI kahate hai| 1. karmoM ke udaya se utpanna hone vAlA bhAva 'audayika', 2. karma ke bhaya se utpanna hone vAlA bhAva kSAyika', 3. kapAya ke gamana se utpanna hone vAlA bhAva 'yopagamika', 4. kSayopazama se hone vAlA bhAva 'kSayopazamika' tathA 5. jo karmoM ke udaya Adi se utpanna na hokara svAbhAvika ho, vaha 'pAriNAmika' bhAva kahalAtA hai| yaha pA~ca prakAra ke jIva ke bhAva, yahA~ guNa kahe gae hai| ina guNo ke sthAno, arthAt bhUmikAmo ko guNasthAna samajhanA cAhie / ___ AtmA ke vikAsa-pravAha ko koI vibhakta nahI kara sakatA, to bhI sugamatA ke lie usakA vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| usI vibhAjana ke anusAra caudaha guNasthAna isa prakAra hai 1. mithyAttvaguNasthAna mithyaadRsstti| 2. sAsvAdana guNasthAna - mAsAdanasamyagdRSTi / 3 mizraguNasthAna mamyaga-mithyAdRSTi 4. aviratasamyagdRSTi asayata samyagdRSTi / 5. dezavirati mytaasNyt| 6. sarvavirati guNasthAna pramatasayata / 7. apramata guNasthAna apramatasayata 8. apUrvakaraNa 9. anivRttikaraNa guNasthAna - 10. sUkSmasamparAya darasAmparAya /

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AdhyAtmika utkrAnti 149 11 upazAntamoha gaNasthAna - upazAntakapAya vItarAga chadmastha / 12 kSINamoha kSINakapAya vItarAga chadmastha / 16 sayogikevalI sazarIramukta (jIvanmukta) 14. ayogikevalI azarIrIsiddha (pUrNamukta) 1 mithyAtvaguNasthAna--jaba AtmA meM yathArtha vizvAsa aura yathArtha vodha ke sthAna para ayathArtha aAgraha se ekAntatA kA abhiniveza, pabhAndhatA Adi durguNo kA samAveza hotA hai, usa samaya kI jIva kI sthiti mithyAttvaguNasthAna hai| mithyAtrI satya ko amat, dharma ko adharma aura kalyANa ko akalyANa mAnatA hai| vaha yAtmika sAdhanA ke viSaya me kartavya-akarttavya ke viveka se zUnya hotA hai / jIva kI yaha mUDha dazA athavA vikAro kI viparIta dazA mithyAttva hai| samAra kI adhikAza AtmAe~ isI guNasthAna me hai| yadyapi AtmA ke kramika vikAsa me mithyAttva ko guNasthAna kA pada nahI milanA cAhie, magara 'guNa' zabda sAdhAraNa hai aura usame laukika va alaukika sabhI kA samAveza hotA hai, isa kAraNa use bhI guNasthAna hI kahA hai| yahI AtmasAdhanA kI prAthamika bhUmikA hai / yahI se AtmA mithyAttva kA kSaya, upazama yA kSayopazama karake caturtha guNasthAna para pahuMcatI hai| kSaya kA artha hai 'naSTa karanA' aura upazama kA artha hai 'zAnta karanA' 'davA denA' / yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki mithyAttva kA kSaya karake samyaktva kI ora Age bar3hane vAlI AtmA kA phira samyaktva se patana nahI hotA, magara upazama karake Age bar3hane vAlI AtmA kA patana avazyabhAvI hai| 2. sAsvAdana-guNasthAna--jisa AtmA ne mithyAttva kA kSaya-vinAza nahI kiyA thA, kintu mithyAttva ko zAnta karake samyaktva kI bhUmikA prApta kI thI, usakA davAyA huA mithyAttva thor3I-sI dera meM phira ubhara pAtA hai aura vaha AtmA samyaktva se patita ho jAtI hai, jaba vaha samyaktva' se gira jAtI hai parantu mithyAtva kI bhUmikA para nahIM pahu~ca pAtI, patana ke patha para baDha rahI hai, phira bhI samyaktva kA kiMcit rasAsvAdana kara rahI hai, usa samaya kI AtmA kI dazA sAsvAdana guNasthAna hai / yaha sthiti bahuta thoDI dera taka hI rahatI hai| 3. mizra guNasthAna--kisI-kisI AtmA me aise ardhasatya-mizrita adhyavasAya utpanna hote hai, jiname satya aura asatya dono kA hI mizraNa hotA hai| vaha dolAyamAna avasthA mizra guNasthAna kahalAtI hai / yaha guNasthAna mithyAtva se U~cA hai, kintu pUrNa viveka ke abhAva meM satya ke prati dRDha pratIta nahI hone se isame sthiti DAvADola rahatI hai|

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150 jaina dharma 4. aviratasamyagdRSTi guNasthAna-samyagdarzana vighAtaka mohanIya karma kA kSaya, upazama athavA kSayopazama karake jisa AtmA ne samyagdarzana-zuddha zraddhA kI prApti kara lI hai, kintu cAritra vighAtaka-mohanIya karma kA kSaya na kara sakane ke kAraNa jo vrata aMgIkAra nahI kara sakatI, usa AtmA kI avasthA aviratasamyagdRSTi guNasthAna kahalAtI hai| __samyagdarzana kyA hai ? yaha anyatra batalAyA jA cukA hai / mukti ke tIna kAraNo me yaha ananyatama hai| yahA~ se mukti kI sAdhanA Arambha hotI hai| aviratasamyagdRSTi jIva bhale saMyama kA AcaraNa nahI kara sakatA, phira bhI use AtmajJAna prApta ho jAtA hai, vaha AtmA-anAtmA eva hita-ahita ke viveka se sampanna hotA hai| bhogo se piNDa nahI chuDA pAtA, phira bhI unameM alipta rahatA hai| vaha apane vicAro para pUrNa niyantraNa rakhatA hai / Arta jIvo kI pIr3A dekhakara usake hRdaya se karuNA kA vimala srota pravAhita hone lagatA hai / usakA lakSya aura bodha guddha ho jAtA hai aura vaha sayama ke patha para calane ko utkaMThita rahatA hai| 5 dezavirati guNasthAna--vahI samyagdRSTi jIva jaba ahiMsA, satya, pracaurya, brahmacarya Adi vrato kA Azika rUpa se pAlana karane meM samartha ho jAtA hai-gRhasthadharma kA AcaraNa karane lagatA hai, sUkSma pApa kA tyAga na kara sakane para bhI sthUla pApa kA tyAga kara detA hai, taba vaha isa guNasthAna me pahu~catA hai| isa guNasthAna vAle ke cAritra kA svarUpa cAritra ke prakaraNa meM vistAra se batalAyA gayA hai| 6. pramattaguNasthAna--AtmA ko apanI hInatA para vijaya pAne kA vizvAsa ho jAtA hai, taba vaha apanI apUrNatAo ko samApta karake sarvata mahAvratI vana jAtA hai, sUkSma pApo kA bhI parityAga kara detA hai / usa samaya vaha pramataguNasthAna me hotA hai| sAdhaka isa guNasthAna me sAdhu to bana jAtA hai, kintu pramAda ke vala ko samApta nahI kara paataa| pramAda pA~ca prakAra kA hai jaise ki . Alasya, kaSAya, nidrA, vikathA, indriya-bhogo ke kAraNa karttavya ke prati mana me anAdara kA bhAva utpanna honA pramAda hai| arthAt 1 madya - maadktaa-smbndhii| 2. vipaya - moha aura kAmukatA ke janaka rUpa, rasa Adi / 3. kapAya - krodha, mAna, kapaTa, lobha /

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AdhyAtmika utkrAnti 4. nidrA - Alasya / 5. nI, bhojana yAdi ke viSaya me niSprayojana bAteM krnaa| ganyAvRSTi pora natI hone para bhI pramAda kA astittva hone se ise manAgacAna nahate hai| 7. apramattaguNarayAna-~-pAramArthI sAdhaka kI parama pavitra bhAvanA ke bala para kabhI-kabhI aigI avasthA prApta hotI hai ki anta.karaNa me uThane vAle vicAra nitAnta zuddha aura ujjvala ho jAte hai aura pramAda naSTa ho jAtA hai| para gamacinnana meM mAvadhAna rahatA hai| usa samaya kI sthiti apramataguNasthAna hai / yaha do prakAra ke hote hai 1. damyAna apramatta, 2. sAtizaya aprmtt| vasthAna apramata mAdhaka chaThe guNasthAna meM sAtaveM meM bAra-bAra caDhanA aura phira chaThe meM utaratA hai| jaba aAtmika tallInatA kI sthiti me pahucatA hai no nAnave guNasthAna para caDha jAtA hai aura jaba vaha tallInatA nahIM rahatI aura gamanAgamana, bhASaNa, bhojana Adi gahara kI kisI kriyA meM vyApta hotA hai to cho gaNasthAna meM utara pAtA hai / kintu bhAvo kA rUpa atyanta zuddha bana jAtA hai mo nAkamAtigaya pramata hokara asmalita gati me Upara caDhatA hai / usa samaya kA mAnizaya apramatta kahalAtA hai| nAtigaya apramatta mAdhu ke Upara caDhane ke bhI do prakAra hai-jinheM prAgama kI paribhApA meM upagama zreNI aura kSapaka zreNI kahate hai| jo mAdhaka cAritramohanIya karma kA upazama karatA huA aura Upara caDhatA hai, vaha AThave, nauve, dasave aura gyArahaveM guNasthAna taka jA pahucatA hai, kintu vahA~ usakI pragati ruka jAtI hai aura vaha nIce giratA hai, zAnta hue karma phira jAgRta ho jAte hai, ata. ume nIce AnA hI par3atA hai, kintu jo sAdhaka mohanIya karma kA kSaya karatA huA Upara caDhatA hai, vaha dasaveM guNasthAna se sIdhA bArahave guNasthAna meM pahucakara terahaveM guNasthAna me jA pahucatA hai aura paramAtmadazA prApta kara letA hai| 8. apUrvakaraNa---yahA~ karaNa kA abhiprAya adhyavasAya, pariNAma yA vicAra hai, abhUtapUrva adhyavasAyo kA utpanna honA apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna hai| isa gaNasyAna meM cAritra mohanIya karma kA viziSTa kSaya yA upazama karane se sAdhaka ko viziSTa bhAvotkarSa prApta hotA hai / isa guNasthAna me vibhinna samayavartI jIvo

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152 jaina dharma ke pariNAmo me visadazatA athavA eka samayavartI jIvo me visadRzatA aura kabhI sadRzatA bhI pAI jAtI hai| 9. anivRttikaraNa--sAtave guNasthAna me jaba sAtigaya apramata avasthA AtI hai to sAdhaka ke pariNAma utkRSTa ho jAte hai, kintu isa sthAna me utpanna hue bhAvotkarSa kI nirmala vicAradhArA aura bhI tIna ho jAtI hai| isa guNasthAna me vicAro kI taratamatA naSTa ho jAtI hai| vicAro kI sAmAnyagAminI vRtti kendrita aura sama samAna ho jAtI hai| yahA~ sAdhaka kI sUkSmatara aura avyaktatara kAma-sambandhI vAsanA, jise veda bhI kahate hai, samUla vinaSTa ho jAtI hai| 10. sUkSmasamparAya--mohanIya karma kA kSaya yA upazama karake AtmArthI sAdhaka jaba samasta kaSAya ko naSTa kara detA hai, kevala lobha kA atizaya sUkSma aza hI zeSa raha jAtA hai / usI prAtmotkarSa kI U~cI avasthA kA nAma sUkSma samparAya guNasthAna hai| 11 upazAntamoha guNasthAna--koI yoddhA zatru-senA ko naSTa karake kisI prayoga se thoDI dera ke lie vehoza karatA huA usake vyUha me praveza karatA hai / usakI kyA sthiti hotI hai ? zatru-senA thoDI dera me hoza me Akara use ghera letI hai aura usakA phala hai usa yoddhA kA anta honA / isI prakAra jo sAdhaka mohanIya karma ko naSTa (kSINa)na karake, sirpha upazAnta karake Age baDhatA hai, usakA bhI avazya patana ho jAtA hai, jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai, aisA sAvaka thoDI-sI dera isa gyArahave guNasthAna me rahakara aura samasta moha ko pUrNa rUpa se upazAnta karake bhI nIce gira jAtA hai| 12 kSINamoha guNasthAna--mohakarma kSaya karatA huA aAtmA, dasave guNasthAna me avaziSTa lobhAga kA bhI jaba kSaya kara detA hai aura pUrNa vItarAgatA ke ucca zikhara para grAsIna ho jAtA hai, to isa guNasthAna kI prApti hotI hai| mohakarma samasta karmoM me pradhAna hai, aura vahI samasta karmoM ko Azraya diyA karatA hai, bArahave guNasthAna meM usake kSINa hone para thoDI-sI dera me hI meM jAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya nAmaka tIna karma bhI naSTa ho jAte hai| 13 sayogI kevalo guNasthAna--jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa Adi ke kSaya ho jAne se isa guNasthAna me AtmA sarvaja, sarvadarzI aura ananta AdhyAtmika vIrya se sampanna ho jAtA hai / yaha jIvanamukta kI dazA hai|

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AdhyAtmika utkrAnti 153 isa guNasthAna me sayoga gabda joDane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki mana, vacana aura kAya kA yahA~ vyApAra-spandana hotA rahatA hai / 14. ayogIkevalI guNasthAna--isa guNasthAna kA kAla atyanta thoDA hai| na, i u, . la, ina pAMca hrasva-svaro kA madhyama vega se uccAraNa karane me jitanA samaya lagatA hai, bana utanA hI isa guNasthAna kA samaya hai / isa guNasthAna meM kAya aura vacana kA vyApAra to niruddha ho hI jAtA hai, para mAnamika vRttiyA~ bhI pUrI taraha naSTa ho jAtI hai / AtmA apane mUla svarUpa me sthira ho jAtA hai| nasAra-dagA kA anta ho jAtA hai| zeSa cAro nAma, gotra, antarAya aura prAyupya Adi aghAtika karma bhI naSTa ho jAte hai| guNasthAna kA anta honA hI janma-maraNa kA anta honA hai| prAtmA videha avasthA prApta kara zAzvata mukti prApta kara letI hai| guNasthAno ke sambandha meM vicAra karane se prAtmA ke utkrAnti krama kI kalpanA pA skegii| pratyeka prAtmA pahale-pahala prAthamika bhUmikA meM hotA hai / tatpazcAt yAtmavala prakaTa hone para ubhara pAtA hai| caturtha bhUmikA meM Ane para usakI dRSTi yathArtha ho jAtI hai / dRSTi siddha hone ke pazcAt vaha kriyAtmaka rUpa se muktipatha para calanA prArambha karatA hai aura vArahave guNasthAna meM nirAvaraNa hokara terahave guNasthAna meM sazarIra paramAtmA bana jAtA hai / caudahave guNasthAna ke anta meM muktidhAma prApta kara letA hai| utkrAnti ke isa krama se yaha bhI spaSTa hogA ki jainadharma ne kisI eka ko anAdi siddha paramAtmA svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| pratyeka prANI apane puruSArtha dvArA paramAtmapada pAne kA adhikArI hai|

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...................................000....00000000.000 .........000000000000000000 ..........0000.0 0 'appA kattA vikattA ya, duhANaya suhANaya / appA mittamamittaM ca, dupaThThiye, supaoi !' AtmA hI sukha aura du.kha ko utpanna karane, aura na karane vAlA hai| AtmA hI sadAcAra se mitra aura durAcAra se amitra (gatru) hai| --uttarAdhyayana 20, 37 / mAnava apane bhAgya kA svayaM vidhAtA hai / adRSTa athavA kisI anya prakAra kI rahasyAtmaka sattA kI parAdhInatA ko jainadharma svaya eka mAnasika dAsatA samajhatA hai| zubha-karma aura azubha-karma phala dene kI zakti svaya rakhate hai| jaise paramANu aura paramANugoM ke parivartana kI zakti paramANu se bhinna kisI sattA ke pAsa me nahI hotI hai / parivartita honA, yaha to paramAgu kA hI svayaM kA guNa hai| ThIka isI prakAra Izvara, deva Adi kisI ke mAdhyama aura kisI ke anugraha para hamArA bhAgya avalambita nahIM hai aura apane bhAgya kA vidhAna hamane svaya nirmANa kiyA hai| hamArI kriyA, hamAre yaugikaspandana, kASAyika sasparga tathA hamArA vAtAvaraNa aura bhAvanA kI maMdatA yA tIvratA, karma ke paramANo kA hamArI AtmA ke sAtha me bandhana joDate hai, jo avasara prApta hote hI hamAre antarmana ko phala kI ora prerita kara dete hai| yaha nizcita hai ki jainadharma AtmA ko kama karane me svatatra mAnatA hai, kitu bhogane me AtmA karmo ke AdhIna ho jAtI hai| 'zubha karo, zubha hogA'--'azubha karo, azubha hogA' yahI karmavAda kA siddhAnta hai| .00000000000000000000............0000000000000 .......................0000000000000000000000 karmavAda

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karmavAda sabhI Astika darzano ne eka aisI sattA aMgIkAra kI hai jo jIvatattva ko prabhAvita karatI hai| use svIkAra kiye binA jIvo me pratyakSa dRSTigocara hone vAlI viSamatA kI, tathA eka hI jIva meM vibhinna kAlo me hone vAlI virUpa avasthAno kI sagati kisI bhI prakAra sabhava nahI hai / sava jIva svabhAvata samAna hai to eka manuSya aura dUsarA kITa ke rUpa me kyo hai ? agara jIva nitya hai to mRtyu use kyo apanA zikAra banA letI hai ? agara virATa caitanya usakA svarUpa hai to jaDatA aura ajJAna ke gahana adhakAra me jIva kyo Thokare khA rahA hai ? amUrta hai to zarIra ke kArAgAra me kyo baddha hai ? isa prakAra kI praznamAlA jIvavirodhI dUsarI sattA ko svIkAra kiye vinA samAdhAna nahIM paatii| vaha sattA vedAnta me mAyA yA avidyA, sAkhya me prakRti aura vaizeSika darzana me adRSTa nAma se aMgIkAra kI gaI hai / jainadarzana use 'karma' kahatA hai / pratyeka darzana me usa sattA kA svarUpa bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA hai| kintu jainadarzana meM karma kA jaisA sAgopAga aura tarka-sagata vivecana hai, vaha anyatra kahI nahIM dekhA jaataa| jainAcAryoM ne karma-siddhAnta para vipula sAhitya-sRjana kiyA hai| pudgala dravya kI aneka jAtiyA~ hai, jinhe jainaparibhASA me vargaNAe kahate hai / uname eka kArmaNa-vargaNA bhI hai aura vahI karma-dravya hai / karmadravya sampUrNa loka

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158 jaina dharma meM mUkSma raja ke rUpa meM vyApta hai| vahI karmadravya yoga ke dvArA AkRSTa hokara jIva ke sAtha baddha ho jAte hai aura 'karma' kahalAne lagate hai| karma vijAtIya dravya hone ke kAraNa AtmA me vikRti utpanna karate haiM, aura use parAdhIna banAte hai / prAtmA-para padArthoM kA upabhoga karatA huA-rAgadveSa ke kAraNa kisI ko sukharUpa aura kisI ko dukharUpa mAnatA hai| sukha-dukha kI vaha anubhUti to tatkAla hI samApta ho jAtI hai, kintu avaziSTa rahe hue saskAra samaya Ane para apanA prabhAva dikhalAte hai / sasAra ke prANiyo kI pratyeka pravRtti ke pIche rAga-dveSa kI vRtti kAma karatI hai / vahI pravRtti apanA eka saskAra chor3a jAtI hai / usa saMskAra se punaH pravRtti hotI hai aura pravRtti se punaH saMskAra kA nirmANa hotA hai| isa prakAra vIja aura vRkSa kI taraha yaha silasilA sanAtana kAla se calA A rahA hai| karma siddhAnta kI bhASA me yahI bAta yoM kahI jAtI hai-karma do prakAra ke hai' 1 dravyakarma (karmavargaNAeM) aura bhAvakarma arthAt rAga-dveSa Adi viSaya bhAva / dono me dvimukha kArya-kAraNa bhAva hai / dravyakarma se bhAva karma aura bhAva karma se dravyakarma kI utpatti hotI hai / Azaya yaha hai ki pUrvavaddha dravyakarma jaba apanA vipAka dete hai to jIva me bhAvakarma-roSAdi vibhAva-utpanna hote hai aura una bhAva-karmoM se punaH dravyakarma utpanna ho jAte hai| yaha krama anAdi hai, parantu usakA anta ho sakatA hai| karmabaddha AtmA, vizva kI samasta vastuo ko anukUla aura pratikUla mAnakara do bhAgo me bATa letA hai| vaha kabhI nahI socatA ki mai saMsAra ke jIvo ke lie anukUla hU~ yA pratikUla hU~; kintu sasAra ke padArthajAta ko aura prANIjAti ko avazya do bhAgo meM vibhakta kara letA hai| usakI vicAra lahariyoM kI parisamApti yahI nahIM ho jAtI, apitu vaha anukUla samajhe hue para rAga karatA hai, aura pratikUla samajhe hue ko saMsAra se miTA denA cAhatA hai / yahI rAgadvepa vRttiyoM kA udgamasthala hai| inhI vRttiyo se karmadravyo kA AkarSaNa hotA hai aura ananta-ananta duHkhoM kI utpatti hotI hai| isa prakAra jaba taka AtmA me rAga-dvepa kI sattA hai taba taka pratyeka kriyA karma kA rUpa dhAraNa kara AtmA ke lie vandhanakAraka vanatI hI jaaegii| 1. dravya-saMgraha, gA0 31-32 //

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karmavAha 159 phala dene ke lie karmoM ko kisI anya zakti kI apekSA nahI hai, aura na hI kisI kI AjJA kI AvazyakatA hai| koI manuSya madyapAna karatA hai, to unmAda utpanna karane ke lie madirA ko kisI kI sahAyatA nahIM caahie| usake sevana se hI manuSya me unmattatA A jAtI hai, dugdhasevana se poSaNa milatA hai, bhojana se kSudhAnivRtti hotI hai aura pAnI se tRSA zAnti hotI hai / ina saba jaDa padArthoM ko apanA phala dene ke lie kisI anya sahAre kI talAza nahI karanI paDatI / isI prakAra jar3a hone para bhI karma svaya hI apanA phala pradAna karate hai| karma karane kI svatantratA jIva ko prApta hai, kintu phala dene kI sattA karma apane pAsa surakSita rakhatA hai| Ayurveda kA siddhAnta hai ki bhojana karate samaya kisI prakAra kA avAMchanIya kASAyika Avega, krodha Adi nahI honA cAhie aura mAnasika santApa ke hone para bhojana viSa bana jAtA hai| bhojana ke samaya mana zAnta, prazasta eva madhyastha ho to bhojana amRta bana jAtA hai / yahI bAta karma ke sambandha me bhI samajhI jA sakatI hai / anta karaNa me jaise-jaise zubha yA azubha, prazasta yA aprazasta bhAva hote haiM, usI prakAra kA karma-rasa banatA hai, to jaise hamAre manovega bhojana ke rasa ko zubha yA azubha banA dete hai, usI prakAra ve karmo ko bhI zubha yA azubha, rUpa meM pariNata kara dete hai / karmavandha kA pradhAna kAraNa mana hai, aura usake sahAyaka vacana tathA kAya hai / mana, vacana aura kAya kI ananta-ananta vRttiyA~ zubha bhI hotI hai aura azubha bhI hotI hai|' hiMsA, corI, maithuna Adi kAya ke azubha vyApAra hai dayA, sevA, brahmacarya kaSAya ke zubha vyApAra hai (asatya aura kaTu bhASaNa) vANI kA azubha vyApAra hai aura niravadya, satya eva madhura bhASaNa vANI kA zubha vyApAra hai| kisI ke vadha, bandhana Adi kA vicAra karanA mAnasika azubha vyApAra hai aura bhalAI socanA tathA para kA utkarSa dekhakara prasanna honA Adi zubha vyApAra hai| zubha vyApAro se puNya karma kA aura azubha vyApAra se pApakarma kA vandha hotA hai| parantu yaha nahI bhUla jAnA hai ki zubha azubha karma ke bandha kA mukhya AdhAra manovRttiyA~ hI hai| eka DAkTara kisI ko pIr3A pahucAne ke lie usakA vraNa cIratA hai| usase cAhe rogI ko lAbha hI ho jAe, parantu DAkTara to pApa karma ke bandha kA hI 1. dravyasaMgraha, gA0 38 //

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160 jaina dharma bhAgI hogaa| usake viparIta, vahI DAkTara agara karuNA se prerita hokara vaNa cIratA hai aura kadAcit usase rogI kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai, to bhI DAkTara apanI zubha bhAvanA ke kAraNa puNya kA bandha karatA hai| karmavandha ke mukhya do kAraNa hai--kaSAya aura yog| dUsare sava kAraNa inhI do me antarbhUta ho jAte hai / dasave guNasthAna taka ina dono kAraNo kI sattA rahatI hai / Age ke guNa sthAno me sirpha yoga hI kAraNa hotA hai / ataeva jo karmANu kaSAyo aura yoga se baMdhate hai, ve sAmparAyika karma kahalAte hai, aura jo kapAya ke abhAva me sirpha gamanAgamana Adi kriyAno ke kAraNa vadhate hai, ve IryApathika karma kahalAte hai| uccakoTi ke sAdhaka kI sthiti kapAyo kI sImA lAghakara samabhAvI bhI ho jAtI hai aura usa samaya usakI kriyA bhinna hI prakAra kI hotI hai| isa nathya ko samajhane ke lie jainazAstro me eka udAharaNa prasiddha hai AtmA ko svaccha dIvAra, kapAyoM ko goda aura yoga ko vAyu mAna liyA jAya to bandha kI vyavasthA saralatA se samajha me A jAyagI / AtmA-rUpI dIvAra para jaba kapAyo kA goda lagA rahatA hai to yoga kI A~dhI se ur3akara AI hUI karma-rUpI dhUla cipaka jAtI hai / vaha cipaka jitanI sabala yA nirbala hogI, bandha bhI utanA hI pragAr3ha yA zithila hogA aura dhUla zveta yA kAlI jaisI bhI hogI, vaisI cipakegI / hA~, kapAya kA goda yadi haTa jAya aura dIvAra sUkhI raha jAya to dhUla kA AnA-jAnA to nahI rukegA, kintu cipakanA vanda ho jaaegaa| basa, yahI antara hai sAmparAyika aura IryApatha karmo me / karma paramANuo kA AnA yogagakti ke balAvala para nirbhara hai| kintu bandhana kI tIvratA-mandatA yA cipakana kaSAyo ke bhAvAbhAva para nirbhara hai| vandhatattva ke vivecana me batalAyA jA cukA hai ki sthitivandha aura rasavandha kapAya se hotA hai / java kaSAyo kI sattA nahI rahatI phira na to karma AtmA me Thaharate hai aura na unakA anubhava hI hotA hai, yoga ke vidyamAna rahane se kama Ate to hai, magara Thahara nahI pAte hai| vAstava me janma-maraNa kA mukhya kAraNa kaSAya hai| kapAya ke abhAva meM 2. joga baMdhe, kaSAya bNdhe|

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karmavAda yoga laMgaDe se ho jAte hai / kapAyo kA anta hote hI AtmA kI pUrNatA prApta ho jAtI hai aura ghAtika karmoM kA vidhvasa ho jAtA hai / ghAtika aura aghAtika zanno se karmoM kI aAkramaNa-zakti aura varvaratA ko tathA mandatA ko sUcita kiyA gayA hai / jIva kI ananta jJAna darzana aAdi zaktiyo kA ghAta karane vAle karma ghAtika kahalAte hai| unameM kucha sarvaghAtI hote haiM aura kucha deshghaatii| kucha karma aise halke hote hai jo jIva ke guNa vikAsa me bAdhaka nahIM hote athavA vyAghAta nahI pahucAte / ve aghAtika kahalAte haiN| unakI vidyamAnatA se sampUrNa mukti nahI ho pAtI, tathApi ve sahana hI naSTa ho jAte hai / ve jIvanmukti me vAdhaka nahI hote hai| karmoM kA vargIkaraNa-karma mUlata eka hI prakAra ke hone para bhI jIva ke adhyavasAyo aura manovikAro kI taratamatA ke kAraNa aneka prakAra ke ho jAte hai / adhyavasAya aura manovikAra eka hI prANI ke pala-pala me palaTate rahate hai, ataeva unakI koI sasyA nirdhArita nahI kI jA sakatI hai, phira jagat ke jIva ananta hai| kyoki karmoM kA svabhAva, sthitikAla parimANa aura prabhAva adhyavasAyo ke anurUpa hI nizcita hotA hai / tathApi sugamatA se samajhane ke uddezya se svabhAva ke AdhAra para karma ke ATha vibhAga kiye gae hai ' -- 1 jJAnAvaraNa, 2 darzanAvaraNa, 3 vedanIya, 4 mohanIya, 5 AyuSya, 6. nAma, 7 gotra, 8 antarAya / karmoM kA svabhAva-- 1. jJAnAvaraNa--bAdalo kA vavaDara jaise sUrya ko AcchAdita kara letAM hai, usI prakAra jo karma pudgala hamAre jJAnatantuo ko supta aura cetanA ko mUcchita banA dete hai, ve jJAnAvaraNa svabhAva vAle kahalAte hai / jJAna pA~ca prakAra ke hai, ataeva use AvRta karane vAlA jJAnAvaraNa karma bhI paoNca prakAra kA hai: 1 matijJAnAvaraNa, 2 zrutajJAnAvaraNa, 3. avadhijJAnAvaraNa, 4 manaH paryAyajJAnAvaraNa, 5 - kevalajJAnAvaraNa / 2 darzanAvaraNa--rAjA ke daravAra me jAte hue puruSa ko jaise dvArapAla 1. prajJApanAsUtra, pada 21, u0 1, sU0 299 2 uttarAdhyayana, sUtra a0 33, gA0 2-3 /

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162 jaina dharma roka detA hai aura rAjA ke darzana me bAdhaka hotA hai, usI prakAra jo karma AtmA ke darzana guNa kA vAdhaka ho, vaha darzanAvaraNa kahalAtA hai| jAna se pahale hone vAlA vastu kA nirvizeSa bodha, jisame sattA ke atirikta kisI vizeSa dharma kI prApti nahIM hotI, darzana kahalAtA hai / darzanAvaraNa karma se AvRta karatA hai / yaha nau prakAra kA hai '--- 1. cakSudarzanAvaraNa-netrazakti ko avaruddha karame vaalaa| 2 acakSudarzanAvaraNa-netra ke atirikta zeSa indriyo kI sAmAnya anu bhavazakti kA avarodha karane vaalaa| 3. avadhidarzanAvaraNa-sImita atIndriya darzana ko rokane vAlA / 4 kevaladarzanAvaraNa-paripUrNa darzana ko AvRta karane vAlA / 5. nidrA-sAmAnya niid| 6. nidrA-nidrA gaharI niid| 7. pracalA-baiThe-baiThe A jAne vAlI nidraa| 8. pracalApracalA-calate-phirate bhI A jAne vAlI nidraa| 6 styAnagRddhi-jisa nidrA me prANI vaDe-baDe valasAdhya kArya kara DAlatA hai, jAgRtidazA kI apekSA aneka guNA adhika balavAn ho jAtA hai / yaha pAca prakAra kI nidrAe, darzanAvaraNa karma ke udaya kA phala hai / 3 vedanIya-talavAra kI dhAra para lage zahada ke samAna sAMsArika sukha kI aura duHkha kI vedanA isI kAraNa hotI hai| isake do bheda hai-sAtA-vedanIya aura asAtAvedanIya / sukha-rUpa savedanA kA kAraNa sAtAvedanIya aura dukha rUpa savedanA kA kAraNa asAtA-vedanIya karma kahalAtA hai| 4 mohanIya-~-moha eka unmAdajanaka vilakSaNa madirA hai, jo prANImAtra ko viveka vikala banA detA hai / yaha do prakAra kA hai darzanamohanIya aura cAritramohanIya: samyagdarzana kA prAdurbhAva na hone denA athavA usame vikRti utpanna karanA, darzanamohanIya karma kA kAma hai| yaha tIna prakAra kA hai|" 1. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, a0 33, sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 9 918 / 2 uttarAdhyayana, sUtra, a033 prajJApanA, satra, pada 29, u02, sU0 293 / 3 uttarAdhyayana, sUtra, a0 33, prajJApanA, sUtra, pada 29, u02, sU0 293 / 4 uttarAdhyayana, sUtra, a0 33,prajJApanA, sUtra, pada 29, u0 2, sU0 293 /

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karmavAda 1 mithyAtva mohanIya -satya meM asatya eva atattva me tattva kI pratIti krnaa| 2. samyak-mithyAtva mohanIya-satya aura asatya me mizrita zraddhA rkhnaa| 3 samyaktva mohanIya -samyagdarzana me azuddhatA paidA karane vaalaa| cAritramohanIya karma bhI do prakAra kA hai-kaSAya-cAritramohanIya aura nau kapAya cAritramohanIya-krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha, yaha cAra kaSAya hai / ina cAro ke bhI cAra-cAra prakAra hai, jinakA varNana kapAya prakaraNa meM kiyA jaaegaa| isa prakAra 444 = 16 kapAyo kA janaka kaSAya mohanIyakarma bhI solaha prakAra kA hai|' kaSAya ko bhaDakAne vAlI nI manovRttiyA~ hai / jinhe nau kaSAya kahA gayA hai| ve ye hai :1 hAsya jisase ha~sI Ave / 2. rati anurakti-sneha raag| 3 arati jisase aruci, dveSa utpanna ho| 4. zoka jisake kAraNa zoka kA bhAva utpanna ho| 5. bhaya jisake kAraNa bhIti utpanna ho| 6. jugupsA jisake kAraNa ghRNA utpanna ho / 7 strIveda jisake kAraNa puruSa se sahavAsa karane kI icchA ho| 8 puruSaveda jisake kAraNa strI se sahavAsa karane kI icchA ho| 6 napusakaveda - jisake kAraNa strI-puruSa dono ke sahavAsa kI kAmanA utpanna ho| yaha saba milakara mohanIya karma ke aTThAIsa bheda hai / yaha karma prANI kI vAstavika zraddhA-viveka ko jAgRta nahIM hone detA aura sAtha hI vividha prakAra ke manovikAro ko utpanna karake samyak cAritra ko nahI panapane detaa| mohakarma itara karmoM kA janaka aura vaDA pravala hai| 1 prajJApanA sUtra, pada 23, tattvArtha sUtra, a0 8, 9 / 2 prajJApanA sUtra, pada 23 tatvArtha sUtra, a0 2 /

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jaina dharma 5 Ayukarma-lohe kI beDI ke samAna hai, jisake khule binA svAdhInatA ke sukha kA anubhava nahI ho sktaa| yaha karma jIva ko manuSya, tiryaJca, deva aura nArakI ke zarIra me niyata avadhi taka kaida rakhatA hai| hamArI yaha jIvita dagA isI karma kA phala hai| 6 nAmakarma-citrakAra vibhinna raga sajo-saMjo kara apanI tUlikA kI sahAyatA se nAnA prakAra ke citra banAtA hai, usI prakAra nAmakarma jagat ke prANiyoM ke nAnA AkAra prakAra vAle zarIro kI racanA karatA hai| prANI sRSTi me jo Azcaryajanaka vaicitrya hame dikhAI detA hai, usakA kAraNa yahI karma hai / jainAgamo se isake aneka prakAra se bheda-prabheda dikhalAye gaye hai| una savakA ullekha na karake yahA~ 42 bhedo ko hI batalA denA paryApta hogaa| 1. gati nAma karma-jisake prabhAva se jIva manuSya, tiryaJca, deva yA nArakI cAra gatiyo me se eka gati pAtA hai / 2 jAti nAma karma-jisake kAraNa jIva ekendriya, hIndriya aAdi paryAya prApta karatA hai| 3. garIra nAma karma-jisase jIva ke pAMca prakAra ke zarIro me se gati ke anurUpa zarIra prApta hote hai| 4. aMgopAga nAma karma-isa karma ke prabhAva se zarIra ke ago aura upAgo kA nirmANa hotA hai / 5. bandhana nAma karma-yaha vaha karma hai jisake kAraNa pUrva-gRhIta pudgalo ke sAtha navIna grahaNa kiye jAne vAle pudgalo kA sambandha hotA hai| 6. saghAta nAma karma- jisa karma ke udaya se zarIra ke pudgala vyavasthita rUpa se sthApita ho jaae| .. 7. saMhanana nAma karma-isase zarIra ke asthipajara kI dRDha yA zithila racanA hotI hai| 8. sasthAna nAma karma-isase zarIra kI nAnA prakAra kI prAkRtiyA~ vanatI hai| 1. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, a0 33, prajJApanA satra, 23 / 2. prajJApanA sUtra saM0 293 /

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karmavAda 6. varNa nAma karma-isa karma se zarIra me gorA-kAlA Adi raga utpanna hotA hai| 10. gadha nAma karma-isa karma se zarIra me viziSTa gandha utpanna hotI hai| 11. rasa nAma karma-yaha zarIra me rasa utpanna hone ke kAraNa hai| 12 sparza nAmakarma-isase zarIra me kisI vizeSa prakAra kA sparga utpanna hotA hai| ___ 13 AnupUrvI nAma karma-nayA zarIra dhAraNa karane ke lie jIva ko kisI niyata sthAna para pahucAne vaalaa| 14 vihAyogati nAma karma-jisa karma ke udaya se jIva kI cAla acchI yA barI ho| yaha caudaha bheda piNDa prakRtiyo ke nAma se prasiddha hai, kyoki inameM se pratyeka ke aneka bhedopabheda hote hai / 15. agurulaghu nAma karma-hamArA zarIra zIze (dhAtu) kI taraha ekadama bhArI aura Aka kI rUI kI taraha ekadama halkA nahIM hai, yaha isa karma kA phala hai| 16 upaghAta nAma karma-agulI me chaThI agulI kI taraha "apanA hI aga apane ko pIDA kAraka honA", isa karma kA phala hai| 17. parAdhAna nAma karma-jisake phala svarUpa zarIra ke avayava para pIDAkArI na bne| 18 prAtapanAma karma-upNa prakAza rUpa zarIra banAne vaalaa| 16 zItala prakAzamaya-garIra ke nirmANa kA kAraNa / 20 ucchvAsa nAma karma-hama jo zvAsocchvAsa lete hai, vaha isI karma kA anubhava hai| 21 nirmANa nAma karma-jisase aga sughaDa eva yathAyogya banate hai / 22. tIrthakara nAma karma-vaha karma, jisake prabhAva se jIva tIrthakara banakara trilokapUjya hotA hai / iname trasadazaka aura sthAvaradazaka nAma se prasiddha bIsa prakRtiyA~ joDa dene se 42 bheda hote hai / ve prakRtiyA ye hai-- 1 trasa nAma karma-jisase trasa paryAya prApta ho / 2 bAdara-jisase apekSAkRta sthUla zarIra bane /

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166 jaina dharma 3. paryApta-jisa karma ke prabhAva se punarjanma ke samaya navIna zarIra, indriya, mana, zvAsocchvAsa Adi ke yogya pudgalo ko grahaNa karake garIra Adi kI cha. prakAra se pUrNatA prApta kI jAya / 4. pratyeka-jisase eka zarIra kA svAmI eka hI jIva ho / 5. sthira-yaha karma agopAgo ko apane-apane sthAna para sthira banAye rakhatA hai| 6 zubha-jisase gubha kI prApti ho| 7 subhaga saundarya prApta karAne vAlA / 8. susvara-jisase madhura svara mile / 6. prAdeya-jisake prabhAva se dUsaro para hamArI bAta kA asara ho / 10 yaza. kIrti-jisase yaga korti kA prasAra ho| sthAvara-dazaka-1. sthAvara, 2 sUkSma, 3 aparyApta, 4 sAdhAraNa, 5. asthira, 6. azubha, 7 dubhaMga, 8. dusvara, 6 anAdeya, 10. ayaga akIrti / nAma se hI spaSTa hai ki yaha daza karma pUrvokta dazoM se ThIka viparIta hai| yaha saba milakara nAma karma ke bayAlIsa bheda hai / vAstava me nAma karma kA kArya garIra kI racanA karanA, usakI vibhinna AkRtiyA~ banAnA jIva ko navIna janma lene ke sthAna para pahuMcAnA, basa yA sthAvara rUpa denA, garIra me kisI bhI prakAra kA raga-rUpa Adi utpanna karanA, sundara-asundara svara banAnA, Adi-Adi hai| yadyapi raga-rUpa eva svara Adi me bAhara ke bhI kAraNa apekSita hai, magara antaraga kA kAraNa nAma karma hI hai| isa karma kA kAryakSetra bahuta vyApaka hai, ataeva isakI prakRtiyo kI saMkhyA bhI anya karmoM se adhika hai| 7. gotrakarma--jaise kumhAra choTe bar3e vartana banAtA hai, usI prakAra jisa karma ke prabhAva se jIva pratiSThita athavA apratiSThita kula me janma letA hai, vaha gotrakarma hai / yaha do prakAra kA hai 1 ucca gotra, 2 aura nIca gotra / ' 1. prajJApanA mUtra, pada 23-9, 294 /

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karmavAda 167 8 antarAya karma--yaha abhISTa kI prApti meM aDagA lagA dene vAlA karma hai / yaha pA~ca prakAra kA hai|' 1 dAnAntarAya jisake kAraNa dAna dene kI icchA hone para bhI dAna na diyA jA sake / 2 lAbhAntarAya lAbha me bAdhA DAlane vaalaa| 3 bhogAntarAya bhoga-prApti me baadhk| 4 upabhogAntarAya upabhoga (puna puna kAma me Ane vAlI vastrAdi vastu) kI prApti me baadhk| 5. vIryAntarAya - vIrya-sAmarthya ke vikAsa meM vAdhaka / una ATha karmoM meM jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya karma ghAtika kahalAte haiM aura zepa cAra aghAtika hai| ATha karmoM ke isa digdarzana se pAThaka samajha sakege ki karma kA kAryakSetra atyanta vyApaka hai / jIva kI sabhI Antarika vRttiyA~ aura sAtha hI vAhya AkRtiyA~ karma kA hI pratApa hai| jaina siddhAnta me karmoM kA varNana itanA vyavasthita hai ki usame kahI kSati yA nyUnatA najara nahIM AtI / karma-vyavasthA ke antargata unakI vibhinna dazAo ko bhI samajha lenA Avazyaka hai / ve mukhya rUpa se daza hai / 2 1 vanya kamoM kA AtmA ke sAtha baddha honA aura uname pahale kahI huI cAra bAte-svabhAva, kAla, maryAdA, prabhAva aura parimANa utpanna ho jaanaa| 2. utkarSaNa baddha hue karmo kI kAlamaryAdA aura phala-vRddhi ho jaanaa| 3 apakarpaNa kAla-maryAdA aura phala me nyanatA ho jaanaa| 1. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, a0 33 tattvArtha sUtra, a0 8-13 / 2. 'vya-saMgraha TIkA, gA0 33 /

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jaina dharma kabhI-kabhI aisA hotA hai ki prANI azubha karma kA bandha karake zubha vicAra kArya meM pravRtta ho jAtA hai / usake bAda ke isa vicAra aura vyavahAra kA asara pahale ke azubha karmoM para par3atA hai aura vaha yaha ki unakI lambI kAla maryAdA aura vipAka zakti me kamI ho jAtI hai| ise apakarpaNa kahate hai / kabhI-kabhI isase viparIta sthiti meM jIva kAlamaryAdA aura vipAka zakti me vRddhi bhI kara letA hai vahI utkarSaNa kahalAtA hai / 168 4. sattA -- karma banvate hI apanA asara nahI prakaTa karane lagate / jaise mAdaka vastu kA sevana karate hI nazA nahI A jAtA, dhIre-dhIre AtA hai, usI prakAra karmavandha ke pazcAt bIca kA niyata samaya, jise zravAvAkAla kahate haiM, samApta hone para hI karma kA phala hotA hai / bandha hone ke aura phalodaya para hI karma kA phala hotA hai / bandha hone aura phalodaya hone ke vIja karma grAtmA meM vidyamAna rahate haiM / jainazAstro me vaha gravasthA 'sattA' ke nAma se prasiddha hai / 5. udaya-karma kA phaladAna udaya kahalAtA hai / agara karma apanA phala dekara nirjIrNa ho to vaha phalodaya, aura phala diye vinA hI naSTa ho jAe to vaha pradezodaya kahalAtA hai / 6 udIraNA -- mahInA - bIsa dina me vRkSa para pakane vAle phala ko loka kRtrima garmI pahuMcAkara eka hI dina meM pakA lete hai, isI prakAra bandha ke samaya niyata huI kAlamaryAdA meM kamI karake karma ko jaldI udaya me le grAnA udIraNA hai / apakarSaNa ke dvArA sthiti ghaTa jAtI hai aura niyata samaya Ane se pahale hI jaba grAyu pUrI bhoga lI jAtI hai, to use loka vyavahAra me kAlamRtyu aura zAstrIya paribhASA meM prayukarma kI udIraNA kahate haiM / 7. saMkramaNa --eka karma ke aneka avAntara bheda hai / eka kama apane najAnIya dUsare bheTa me badala sakatA hai| yaha adala-badala me sakramaNa kahalAtA hai / smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki mUla grATha karmo se eka karma palaTa kara dUsarA karma nahIM bana sakatA / para eka hI karma kI avAntara prakRti palaTa sakatI hai| hA~, inameM do apavAda hai / prathama yaha ki prAyukarma ke gravAntara bhedo kA sakramaNa nahI hotA, manuSyAyu agara bandha cukI hai to palaTa kara vaha devAyu, anya koI grAyu nahI ho sktii| dUsarA apavAda yaha hai ki darzanamohanIya, cAritramohanIya ke rUpa meM nahI palaTatA, aura cAritramohanIya, darzanamohanIya nahIM banatA /

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kamavAda 169 8. upazama--karmoM ko vidyamAna rahate bhI udaya me Ane ke lie akSama banA denA upazama hai / jaise agAra ko rAkha se aimA davA denA ki vaha apanA kAya na kara ske| 9. nidhatti--karmoM kA sakramaNa aura udaya na ho sakanA nidhatti hai| 10. nikAcanA--karmoM kA aise pragADha rUpa me bandhanA ki utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa, saMkramaNa Adi na ho sake (isame bhI virala apavAda ho sakatA hai)| karmakSaya se lAbha-jo karma AtmA kI jisa zakti ko naSTa karatA, nyUna karatA yA vikRta karatA hai, usake kSaya se vahI zakti prakaTa hotI, pUrNa hotI yA zuddha hotI hai / sugamatA ke lie usakA nirdeza kara denA anucita na hogaa| 1 jJAnAvaraNa ke haTane se ananta jJAnazakti prakaTa hotI hai| 2. darzanAvaraNa ke haTane se ananta darzanazakti jAgRta hotI hai| 3. vedanIya kA kSaya ananta sukha prakaTa karatA hai / ! 4. mohanIya ke kSaya se paripUrNa samyaktva aura cAritra kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| 5. Ayukarma ke kSaya se ajara-amaratA kI anantakAlIna sthiti prApta hotI hai| 6. nAmakarma ke kSaya se amUrtatva guNa prakaTa hotA hai| jise ananta muktAtmA eka hI jagaha avagAhana kara sakate haiN| 7. gotra karma se agurulaghutva guNa prApta hotA hai| 8 antarAya ke kSaya se ananta gakti va vipula lAbha prApta hotI hai| 6 karma-bandha aura karma-kSaya kI prakriyA kA varNana tatvacarcA meM kiyA jA cukA hai| punarjanma kI prakriyA AtmA eka zAzvata dravya hai| vaha utpAda aura vinAza se rahita hone para bhI pariNAmI hai| bAhya aura Antarika kAraNo se usame aneka paryAya utpanna hote aura naSTa hote rahate hai / aisA na hotA to punarjanma bhI sambhava na hotA aura puNya-pApa ke phalasvarUpa hone vAle sukha-dukha kA bhoga bhI magata na hotaa| yo to pariNAma kI dhArA avirAma gati se pravAhita ho rahI hai, koI kSaNa nahI jisame mUla avasthA kA sUkSma parivartana na hotA ho, phira bhI saba se

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170 jaina dharma sthUla parivartana punarjanma kA hai / prAtmA apane vartamAna zarIra kA parityAga karake nUtana zarIra grahaNa karatI hai / yahI punarjanma hai / punarjanma ke sambandha me eka vicAraka ne likhA hai ki-' manuSya ikAI nahI hai, parantu anekatA kA puJja hai, vaha suSupta hai, vaha svayaM cAlita hai| vaha bhItara se asatulita hai, use jAganA caahie| eka honA cAhie, apane Apa saMzlipTa aura mukta honA cAhie / manuSya kI kalpanA eka bIja se kI jAtI hai, jo ki vIja ke nAte mara jAyegA, aura paudha ke rUpa me punarjIvita hogA / gehU~ kI do hI sambhAvanAe hai, yA to vaha pisa kara ATA bana jAe, aura roTI kA rUpa le le, yA use phira vo diyA jAe, jisase akurita hokara vaha phira paudhA vana jAya / manuSya, sampUrNa aura antima sattA nahI hai, vaha aisI sattA hai jo apane Apa ko badala sakatI hai, jo punarjanma le sakatI hai| yaha parivartana ghaTita karake punaH-puna janma lene ke lie, jAgarita hone ke lie, yatna karanA sabhI dharmo kA dhyeya hai|" jainadharma ke anusAra jIva Ayukarma ke udaya se jIvita rahatA hai| apane jIvana-kAla me jIva kSaNa-kSaNa me pUrvavaddha Ayukarma ke daliko (pudgalo) ko bhoga rahA hai / 2 yukta dalika pRthak hote jAte hai aura jaba Ayukarma ke samasta dalika bhoga lie jAte hai tava jIva ko vartamAna zarIra tyAga kara nayA zarIra dhAraNa karanA par3atA hai| yaha eka aTala prAkRtika niyama hai ki matyu se pUrva hI jIva agale janma ke lie Ayu vAdha letA hai / pahale kI Ayu samApta hote hI vaha usa zarIra kA tyAga kara detA hai aura usI samaya navIna Ayukarma kA udaya ho jAtA hai| isI sthiti meM jIva agalI yoni ke lie AtA hai| zrAyukarma ke daliko kA bhoga do prakAra se hotA hai, jise hama prAkRtika aura prAyogika kaha sakate hai / svAbhAvika krama se jo dalika, jaba udaya hone lagatA hai, usI usakA samaya bhoga udaya me AtA hai, yahI prathama prakAra hai| magara kabhI-kabhI pAyudalika niyata samaya se pahale hI udaya me A jAte hai ise akAla-mRtyu yA sAkasmikamaraNa bhI kahate haiM, isake sAta kAraNa hai-- 1. "bauddha-dharma ke 2500 varSa" meM sarvapalli rAdhAkRSNan / 2 AvIcikamaraNa, bhagavatI, zataka 13, u07, pA0 19 /

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karmavAda 171 ajjhavasANanimitte, AhAre, veynnaaapraaghaate| phAse ANApANU, sattavihaM jhijjae AU // ThANAga sUtra, ThANA 7 / arthAt--1 atyanta tIvra harpa-zoka Adi, 2 vipa-zastra Adi kA prayoga, 3 AhAra kI atyadhikatA yA sarvathA aprApti, 4. vyAdhijanita vedanA, 5 aAghAta, 6 sarpa Adi kA dazana aura 7 zvAsanirodha, ina sAta kAraNo se Ayu kA kSaya hotA hai, tAtparya yaha hai ki jo Ayu dhIre-dhIre bhogI jAne vAlI thI, vaha ina meM se kisI bhI eka kAraNa ke upasthita hone para zIghra bhoga lI jAtI hai| Ayu bhoga lene ke pazcAt AtmA ke pradeza kabhI-kabhI bandUka se golI kI bhAti zarIra se bAhara ekadama nikala jAte hai, aura kabhI dhIre-dhIre nikalate hai / ekadama nikala jAnA "samohiyA-maraNa" kahalAtA hai, aura dhIre-dhIre nikalanA "asamohiyA-maraNa" kahalAtA hai| maraNa ke pazcAt gati nAmakarma ke udaya ke anusAra jIva ko agalI gati me jAnA paDatA hai| use navIna janma ke yogya sthAna me pahucA denA AnupUrvI nAma karma kA kAma hai / AnupUrvI nAmakarma use niyata utpatti-kSetra me pahucA detA hai| purAtana zarIra tyAga kara nUtana zarIra grahaNa karane ke lie jIva kI jo gati hotI hai, vaha vigrahagati kahalAtI hai| vigraha arthAt isa zarIra se naye zarIra me jAne ke liye AtmA kI gati ko vigrahagati kahate hai| anyatra kahA jA cukA hai ki jaise pRthvItala para bane hue mArgoM se manuSyo kA AvAgamana hotA hai, usI prakAra gaganatala me banI huI zreNiyo ke anusAra hI jIva kI gati hotI hai / punarjanma ke lie jAne vAle jIva ko yadi sIdhI zreNI mila jAe to, use isa mahAyAtrA meM sirpha eka samaya lagatA hai / sIdhI zreNI na ho, aura eka bAra mur3anA par3e, to do samaya aura do moDa khAne paDe, to tIna samaya lagate hai / sAdhAraNatayA tIna samaya meM hI jIva apane utpatti kSetra me pahucatA hai, viralA avasara aisA hotA hai ki jaba cAra samaya laga jAte hai / vigrahagati ke samaya yadyapi sthUla zarIra nahI rahatA, tathApi kArmaNa aura tejasa nAmaka do sUkSma zarIra vidyamAna rahate hai| kArmaNa zarIra ke dvArA hI usa samaya jIva kA vyApAra hotA hai, aura vaha utpatti sthAna para pahucatA hai|

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172 jaina dharma utpatti sthAna para pahucate hI jIva ko apane yogya naI sRSTi racanI par3atI hai| nAgano me chaH paryAptiyA~ mAnI gaI hai| paryApti kA artha hai 'puurnntaa'| ve ye hai-- 1. AhAraparyApti, 2 garIra-paryApti, 3. indriyaparyApti / 4. zvAsocchvAsa-paryApti, 5 bhASA-paryApti aura 6 mana -paryApti / 1. AhAra paryApti - apanI gati ke anusAra zarIra-nirmANa ke yogya pudgalo ko grahaNa karane kI gakti kI puurnntaa| 2. garIra-paryApti garIra-nirmANa kI zakti kI pUrNatA / 3. indriyaparyApti indriyo ke yogya pudgalo ko grahaNa karane aura unhe indriyo ke rUpa me pariNata karane kI zakti kI pari pUrNatA / 4. zvAsocchvAsaparyApti - zvAsocchvAsa ke yogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa karane, unhe zvAsocchvAsa rUpa meM pariNata karane aura phira chor3ane kI gakti kI pUrNatA / 5 bhASA-paryApti bhASAvargaNA ke yogya pudgalo ko grahaNa karake, bhASA-rUpa meM pariNata karake, bolane kI gakti kI puurnntaa| 6. mana -parNapti manovargaNA ke pudgalo ko grahaNa karake, unheM mana ke rUpa meM pariNata karake, aura unakI sahAyatA se manana karane kI zakti kI puurnntaa| utpattisthAna meM jIva sarvaprathama ina gaktiyo ko prApta karatA hai| ina meM se ekendriya jIvo ko cAra, hIndriya se lekara amanaska pacendriya taka ke jIvo ko pAca aura namanaska pacendriya jIvo ko chaho zaktiyA~ prApta hotI hai / ina zaktiyoM ke dvArA jIva apane garIra, indriya Adi kA nirmANa karatA hA nirmANa karane kI yaha gaktiyoM se lagabhaga pauna ghaTe meM prApta ho jAtI hai,

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karmabATa 173 phira dhIre-dhIre nirmANa kArya calatA rahatA hai| para devo aura nArako ke janma kI prakriyA kucha bhinna prakAra kI hai jo anya grantho se jAnI jA sakatI hai| jainazAstro ke anusAra janma tIna prakAra ke hai-- 1 garbha 2 sammUchima 3. upapAta / mAtA-pitA ke raja-vIrya ke sammizraNa ke phalasvarUpa hone vAlA janma garbhajanma hai| idhara-udhara ke pudgalo ke sammizraNa ke phalasvarUpa hone vAlA janma sammUchima-janma kahalAtA hai| deva aura nAraka jIvo kA janma upapAta janma kahalAtA hai| jarAyuja, arthAt patalI-sI jhillI me lipaTe hue janma lene vAle manuSya Adi / aNDe se janma lene vAle pakSI Adi, aura potaja arthAt janma lene ke pazcAt jaldI hI dIDa-bhAga kara sakane vAle hariNa Adi garbhaja hote hai| nAnA prakAra ke kIr3e-makauDe Adi jIvo kA jo garbhaja nahI hai, sammUchimaja hote hai / deva aura nAraka aupapAtika kahalAte hai / suSTi ke samasta prANI ina tIno meM se kisI eka prakAra se janma dhAraNa karate hai / hA~, jo mahAbhAga navIna Ayu kA vandha nahIM karate, aura kArmaNa zarIra kA bhI anta kara dete hai, ve ajanmA ho jAte hai / ve janma-maraNa se mukta siddha paramAtmA kahalAte hai|

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00000000000000000000000.....00000.. dhammajjiyaM ca vavahAre, buddhehAyariyaM syaa| tamAyarato vavahAraM, garahaM nAbhi gacchaI // -uttarAdhyayana, a0 1, gA0 42 / dharmahIna nIti jagat ke lie abhizApa hai, aura nItihIna dharma korI vaiyaktika sAdhanA hai, ata mahAvIra kahate hai ki he sAdhaka, jo vyavahAra dharma se utpanna hai aura jJAnI puruSo ne jinakA sadA AcaraNa kiyA una vyavahAro kA AcaraNa karane vAlA puruSa kabhI nindA ko prApta nahIM hotaa| 100000000000000000...000000000000 000000000000000000000000001 cAritra aura nItizAstra

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cAritra yora nItizAstra dvividha dharma 1 cAritra kA mahattva -- jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI triveNI dhArA sIdhI mukti kI ora vahI jA rahI hai kintu mAnava apanI-apanI kSamatA ke anusAra usakI gaharAI meM praveza karatA hai / uddezya siddhi ke sahI patha ko pahacAna lenA, jJAna kI bAta rahI, aura usa para vizvAsa prakaTa karanA zraddhA kI vAta, kintu calanA to apanI-apanI zakti para hI nirbhara hai / koI mandagati se cala pAtA hai, kintu koI tIvragati se calane meM samartha hotA hai | tIvra calane vAle ko apanI tamAma manovRttiyo ko kendrita, indriyoM ko niyantrita, tathA upAdhi ko svalpa - svalpatara karake bhAganA paDatA hai| yadi bhAganA sambhava nahI ho to manda manda calanA suvidhAnusAra bhI ho sakatA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne yahI tathya yo vyakta kiyA hai- dhamme duvihe paNNatte, tajahA - agAravamme ceva, aNagAra - dhamme caiva / ThANAgasuta, sthA0 2 | 1. tatvArtha sUtra, a0 1, sU0 1 /

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178 jainadharma hA dharma arthAt muktimArga para calane ke prakAra do hai-- 1. agAra dharma aura 2. anagAradharma / gRhasthI me rahate hue aura pArivArika, sAmAjika evaM rASTrIya uttaradAyitvo ko nibhAte hue muktimArga kI sAdhanA karanA agAradharma hai / jise zrAvakavarma yA gRhasthadharma bhI kahate hai| jo viziSTa sAdhaka gRha-tyAga kara sAdhu jIvana agIkAra karate hai, pUrNa ahiMsA aura satya kI ArAdhanA ke lie asteya, brahmacarya ko, aparigraha ko agIkAra karate hai unakA prAcAra anagAradharma kahalAtA hai| ___ yadyapi zrAvaka aura sAdhu, mukti kI sAdhanA ke lie jina dato kA pAlana karate haiM, ve mUlata eka hI hai, parantu dono kI paristhitiyA bhinna hotI hai / ata. unake vratapAlana kI maryAdA me bhI bhinnatA hotI hai| samasta laukika uttaradAyitvoM kA parityAga kara, sayama aura tyAga me hI ramaNa karane vAlA sAdhu jina ahiMsA Adi vrato ko pUrNa rUpa se pAlatA hai, zrAvaka unhe AMzika rUpa me pAla sakatA hai| isa prakAra yogyatA-bheda ke kAraNa hI agAradharma aura anagAradharma kA bheda kiyA gayA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki ahiMsA Adi vrato ko pUrNa rUpa se pAlane vAlA sAdhaka, sAdhu yA mahAvratI kahalAtA hai, aura Azika rUpa me pAlana karane vAlA sAdhaka zrAvaka kahalAtA hai / vratavicAra vrata kI paribhASA--jIvana ko sughaDa banAne vAlI, Aloka kI ora le jAne vAlI maryAdAe niyama kahalAtI hai| athavA jo maryAdAe sArvabhauma hai, jo prANI mAtra ke lie hitAvaha hai, aura jinase svapara kA hita-sAdhana hotA hai, unhe niyama yA vrata kahA jA sakatA hai| apane jIvana me athavA anubhava me Ane vAle doSo ko tyAgane kA jaba dRDha sakalpa utpanna hotA hai, tabhI vrata kI utpatti hotI hai| vrata kI AvazyakatA--saritA ke satata gatizIla pravAha ko niyantrita rakhane ke lie do kinAre Avazyaka hote hai| isI prakAra jIvana ko niyantrita, maryAdita aura pragatizIla banAye rakhane ke lie vrato kI AvazyakatA hai / jaise 1. nizzalyo vratI, tatvArtha sUtra, a0 7, mUtra, 18, Avazyaka catu0 A0 sUtra 7 /

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cAritra aura nItizAstra 179 kinAro ke abhAva me pravAha chinna-bhinna ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra vratavihIna manupya kI jIvana-zakti bhI chinna-bhinna ho jAtI hai| ataeva jIvana-zakti ko kendrita karane aura yogya dizA me hI usakA upayoga karane ke lie nato kI atyanta AvazyakatA hai| AkAga me U~cA uDane vAlA pataga socatA hai-"ki mujhe Dora ke vandhana kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? yaha bandhana na ho to mai svacchanda bhAva se gaganavihAra kara sakatA hU"; kintu hama jAnate hai ki Dora TUTa jAne para pataga kI kyA hAlata hotI hai / Dora TUTate hI pataga ke unmukta vyomavihAra kA svapna bhaga ho jAtA hai, aura use dhUla me milanA paDatA hai / isI prakAra jIvana-pataga ko unnata rakhane ke lie vrato kI Dora ke sAtha bandhe rahane kI AvazyakatA hai| mUlabhUta doSa--pratyeka vyakti me bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke dopa pAye jAte hai| unakI gaNanA karanA sabhava nhii| tathApi una sava dopo ke mUla kI yadi khoja kI jAe to vidita hogA ki mUlabhUta doSa pA~ca hai / jo zeSa samasta doSo ke janaka hai aura jo vyakti ke jIvana me panapa kara use nAnA prakAra kI burAiyo kA pAtra banA dete hai / ve yaha hai'.--- 1. ahiMsA, 2. asatya, 3 adattAdAna, 4. maithuna aura, 5 parigraha / ina pAca dopo ke kAraNa hI mAnavatA satrasta hotI aura kucalI jAtI hai / inhI ke prabhAva se mAnava dAnava, rAkSasa, cora, luTerA, anAcArI, lobhI, svArthI, prapacI, mithyAbhAvI aura na jAne kina-kina vurAiyo kA ghara vana jAtA hai| yahI dopa hai jo AtmA ke utthAna ke mArga me caTTAna kI bhAti prADe Ate hai, aura jaba manuSya ina para pUrNa rUpa se vijaya prApta kara letA hai to use mahAtmA eva paramAtmA banane me kSaNa bhara kA vilamba nahI lgtaa| yaha dopa mAnava tathA anyAnya jIvadhAriyo me bhI janma-janmAntara ke kusaskAro ke kAraNa prazraya pA rahe hai / vastuta yahI AtmA ke vAstavika zatru hai| rAga aura dveSa inake janmadAtA hai| pUrvokta paoNca doSo me bhI hiMsA sabase baDA doSa hai, saba se baDA pApa . hai aura vahI anya samasta pApo kA janaka hai| sAdhAraNatayA prANaghAta ko hiMsA kahate hai, parantu hiMsA aura ahiMsA 1 tatvArtha sUtra, a0 7, sU0 1, /

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180 jaina dharma kA svarUpa gambhIra aura sUkSma cintana kI apekSA rakhatA hai / hiMsA, pramAda me / aura ahisA viveka me chipI huI hai / manobhAvanA hI hiMsA-ahiMsA kI nirNAyaka kasauTI hai| kisI ke prANo kA vadha ho jAnA hI hiMsA nahIM hai, kintu pramAdavaga arthAt rAga-dveSa ke vazIbhUta hokara prANo kA jo vadha kiyA jAtA hai vahI hiMsA hai / prazna ho sakatA hai ki-"kisI prANI kI rakSA karate hue agara usake prANo kI hAni ho jAe, athavA apanI ora se sAvadhAna rahane para bhI akasmAt koI jIva kisI ke nimitta se mara jAe to kyA use hiMsA kA doSa lagegA ?" isa prazna kA uttara hai-"nhii| rakSA karate hue agara prANahAni huI hai, aura tumhArA viveka pUrNa rUpa ne jAgRta rahA hai, to tuma hisA ke phala ke bhAgI nahIM hooge| alavattA agara tumane asAvadhAnI kI hai, pramAda ko Azraya diyA hai, yA tumhAre citta me kaSAya utpanna huA hai to avazya tumhe hiMsA kA bhAgI honA pdd'egaa|" prANavadha sthUla kriyA hai aura pramAda yoga sUkSma kriyA hai| prANavadha dravya hiMsA kahalAtA hai aura pramAda yoga bhAva himA / bhAva hisA ekAnta hiMsA hai, jaba ki dravya hisA ekAnta hisA nahI / bhAva himA kI maujUdagI me hone vAlI dravya hiMsA hI hiMsA hai| jaise cikitsaka karuNAbhAva se sAvadhAnI ke sAtha rogI kA Aparezana karatA hai, kintu rogI kisI kAraNa mara jAtA hai, to vaha dravyahiMsA cikitsaka ke hisA janita pApavandha kA kAraNa nahIM hogii| isake viparIta lobha-lAlaca athavA kisI anya kAraNa se cikitsaka rogI ko viSamizrita auSadha detA hai aura Ayu lambI hone ke kAraNa rogI mRtyu se baca jAtA hai taba bhI cikitsaka hiMsA ke pApa kA bhAgI ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra jainadharma hisA ko kriyA para nahI varan mukhyataH bhAvanA para Azrita mAnatA hai / bhAvanA hI hisA aura ahisA kI acUka kasoTI hai / asatya-asat bhASaNa karanA dUsarA doSa hai / asat kA artha hai 'ayathArtha' 1 tatvArya sUtra, a0 7, sUtra 3 / 2 pramattayogAt prANa vyaparopaNaM hiMsA, tatvArtha sUtra, a0 7, sU0 13 / / 3. bhagavatI sUtra, za0 1, u0 1, sU0 48 /

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cAritra aura nItizAstra' 181 aura aprazasta / jo vastu yA ghaTanA jaisI hai use vaisI na kahakara anyathA kahanA ayathArtha asatya hai| jise sAdhAraNa jana bhI asatya mAnate hai, parantu jo vajana dUsaro ko pIDA pahucAna ke lie bolA jAtA hai, jisake pIche durbhAvanA kAma kara rahI hotI hai, vaha bhI asatya hotA hai ata use aprazasta asatya kahate hai| kisI nirdhana ko kagAla kahanA, cakSuhIna ko ciDhAne yA coTa pahucAne ke lie andhA kahanA, kisI durbala ko dukhI kahane ke lie mariyala Adi kahanA, athavA hiMsAjanaka yA hisottejaka bhASA kA prayoga karanA, yaha saba asatya me parigaNita hai, phira bhale hI vaha tathya yA yathArtha hI kyo na ho| adattAdAna--svAmI kI icchA yA AjJA ke binA kisI vastu ko grahaNa karanA apane adhikAra meM karanA adattAdAna hai| kisI kI vastu mArga me gira paDI hai yA koI apanI vastu kahI rakhakara bhUla gayA hai, use har3apa jAnA yA davA lenA bhI adattAdAna me hI sammilita hai / java manuSya lAlaca-vRtti ko svacchanda choDa detA hai, taba anadhikRta vastu para bhI adhikAra karane kA prayatna karatA hai / nIti-anIti ke viveka ko tilAjali de detA hai aura jaise-taise bhI apanI lolupatA kI pUrti karatA hai / isI bhAvanA se adattAdAna-corI ke pApa kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| maithuna--strI aura puruSa ke kAmodvegajanita pArasparika sambandha kI lAlasA eva kriyA maithuna kahalAtI hai| maithuna ko abrahma kahA hai aura use abrahma kaha kara yaha sUcita kiyA gayA hai ki kAma-doSa AtmA ke sadguNo kA nAza karane vAlA hai| yo to pratyeka pApa AtmAko kaluSita karane vAlA hI hai, kintu maithuna ke pApa me eka bar3I bAta yaha hai ki kaI bAra usakI paramparA dIrgha kAla ke lie cala paDatI hai / isa pApa ke cakkara me paDa kara vyakti anyAnya pApo kA prAya zikAra banatA hai| yaha pApa AtmA ke sadaguNo kA ghAta karatA hai| zarIra ko ni satva banAtA hai / samAja kI naitika maryAdAo kA ullaghana karatA hai aura abhyudaya me vikaTa bAdhAe upasthita karatA hai / ataeva yaha bhayAnaka pApa hai / parigraha-kisI bhI parapadArtha ko mamatva bhAva se grahaNa karanA, parigraha . 1 prazna vyAkaraNAMga, Azrava-dvAra 2 / 2 prazna vyAkaraNAga, Azrava-dvAra 3 / 3 prazna vyAkaraNAga, Azrava-dvAra 4 //

Page #200
182 jaina dharma kahalAtA hai| mamatva, mUrchA yA lolupatA hI vAstava ma parigraha hai / " umI se saMsAra ke adhikAza dukha utpanna hote hai / bhautika padArthoM para Asakti rakhane se viveka naSTa ho jAtA hai / AtmA apane svarUpa se vimukha hokara aura rAga-dvepa ke vIbhUta hokara aneka doSo kA sevana karatA hugrA lakSya bhrapTa ho jAtA hai / yaha pAca mahAn dopa haiM, jinase sasAra ke samasta dopoM kI utpatti hotI hai / itihAsa sAkSI hai ki inhI Topo ke kAraNa manuSya apanA aura sasAra kA ahita karatA AyA hai / magara doSo kA zamana ho jAe to gAnti aura sthAyI eva sacce sukha kI prApti meM vilamba na lage / AtmA ko ina dopo se mukta karanA hI jainadharma kI sAdhanA kA mukhya lakSya hai / jaba yaha sAvanA apanI pUrNatA para pahuca jAtI hai, tava zrAtmA, paramAtmA paDha kA adhikArI bana jAtA hai / pAtroM kI yogyatA eva kSamatA kA vicAra karake jainadharma me yaha sAvanA do bhAgo meM vAMTa dI gaI hai, jise hama pahale agAradharma (gRhastha dharma) aura dUsarA dhanagara ( sAdhu- dharma) ke nAma se kaha cuke hai / " 2 * gRhasthadharma kI pUrva bhUmikA saMgha kA vibhAjana - bhagavAn mahAvIra te jaba dharmazAsana kI sthApanA kI to svAbhAvika hI thA ki use sthAyI aura vyApaka rUpa dene ke lie ve saMgha kI bhI sthApanA karate / kyoki saMgha ke vinA dharma Thahara nahI sakatA | jaina sagha cAra zreNiyoM meM vibhakta hai / 1. sAbu, 2. sAdhvI, 3. zrAvaka, 4. zrAvikA / inameM sAdhu ra sAdhvI kA zrAcAra lagabhaga eka-sA aura zrAvaka-zrAvikA kA grAcAra eka-sA hai / jaina saba meM zrAvaka aura zrAvikA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai | zrAvaka kA zrAcAra muni dharma ke lie nIva ke samAna hai / usI ke Upara muni ke AcAra kA bhavya prAsAda nirmita huA hai / dharma saMgha kI sthApanA eka mahattvapUrNa vAta thI aura usame bhI gRhastho ko samucita sthAna milanA, zramaNa bhagavAn kI vizAlatA aura udAratA kA 1. dArvakAlika, a0 6, gAyA 21 / 2 ThANAMga sUtra, sthA0 2, u0 1 /

Page #201
183 cAritra aura nItizAstra paricAyaka hai / kucha loga samajhate hai ki jainadharma nivRttimaya dharma, aura tyAgiyovairAgiyo ke hI kAma kI hI cIja hai, kintu unakA yaha bhrama jaino kI saMgha vyavasthA kA vicAra karane se hI haTa sakatA hai| zrAvaka pada kA adhikAra-jainadharma me jaise muniyo ke lie Avazyaka prAcAra praNAlikA nirdiSTa kI gaI hai, aura usa AcAra kA pAlana karane vAlA sAdhaka ho muni kahalAtA hai, usI prakAra zrAvaka hone ke lie bhI kucha Avazyaka zarta hai / pratyeka gRhastha zrAvaka nahI kahalA sakatA, balki viziSTa vrato ko agIkAra karane vAlA gRhastha hI zrAvaka kahalAne kA adhikArI hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra zrAvaka banane kI yogyatA prApta karane ke lie sAta durlasano kA tyAga karanA Avazyaka hai-ve durvyasana ye hai 1 juA khelanA, 2. mAsAhAra, 3 madirApAna, 4 vezyAgamana, 5 gikAra, 6 corI aura 7. parastrIgamana / yaha sAto hI kuvyasana jIvana ko adha patana kI ora le jAte hai / iname se kisI bhI eka vyasana meM phaMsA huA abhAgA manuSya, prAyaH sabhI vyasano kA zikAra bana jAtA hai| ina sAta kuvyasano me se niyamapUrvaka kisI bhI vyasana kA sevana na karane vAlA hI zrAvaka banane kA pAtra hotA hai| zrAvaka banane ke lie--ina sAta durvyasano ke tyAga ke atirikta gRhastha meM anya guNa bhI hone cAhieM / jaina paribhASA me unhe mArgAnusArI ke guNa kahate hai / kyoki jina mArga kA anusaraNa karane ke lie ina guNo kA honA Avazyaka hai / uname kucha ye hai nItipUrvaka dhanopArjana kare, zipTAcAra kA prazasaka ho, guNavAn puruSo kA Adara kare, madhurabhApI ho, lajjAzIla ho, gIlavAn ho, mAtA-pitA kA bhakta evaM sevaka ho, dharmaviruddha, dezaviruddha, evaM kulaviruddha, kArya na karane vAlA, pAya se adhika vyaya na karanevAlA, pratidina dharmopadeza sunane vAlA, niyata samaya para parimita sAtvika bhojana karane vAlA, paraspara virodha-rahita dharma artha eva kAma rUpa trivarga kA sevana karane vAlA, atithi, dona-hIna jano eva sAdhu-santo kA satkAra karane vaalaa| guNo kA pakSapAtI, apane Azrita jano kA pAlana-poSaNa karanevAlA, AgA-pIchA mocane vAlA, saumya, paropakAra-parAyaNa, kAma-krodha Adi

Page #202
184 jaina dharma Antarika zatruno ko naSTa karane me udyata, aura indriyo para kAbU rakhane vAlA ho / ityAdi guNo se yukta gRhastha hI zrAvaka dharma kA adhikArI hotA hai| jainazAstro me prakArAntara se zrAvaka kI 21 vizeSatAyo (guNo) kA bhI uslekha hai| yathA 1 zrAvaka kA kisI ko kaSTa dene kA svabhAva nahI honA cAhie / 2 tejasvI aura sazakta svabhAva vAlA ho, antara kA saumyabhAva usake cehare para prativimbita ho| __3 zAnta, dAnta, kSamAzIla, milanasAra, vizvAsa-pAtra aura zItala citta ho| 4. apane vyavahAra se lokapriya ho| 5. krUratA se rahita ho| 6 lokApavAda se Dare, iha-paraloka ke viruddha kArya na kre| 7 gaTha, dhUrta evaM avivekI na ho| 8 dakSa ho-vyavahAra kuzala ho aura eka najara me hI AdamI ko parakha le| 6 lajjAgIla ho| 10 dayAvAna ho| 11 madhyasthabhAvI ho-bhalI-burI bAta sunakara, yA vastu ko dekhakara, rAga-dvepa na kare, AsaktizIla na ho| 12 sudRSTimAn-antaHkaraNa me malInatA na ho, AMkho se amRta jhare, aura samyagdRSTi ho| 13 guNAnurAgI ho| 14 nyAya yukta pakSa grahaNa kare, anyAya kA sAtha na de / 15 dIrghadRSTi ho-bhaviSya kA vicAra karake vyavahAra kre| 16 vizeSajJa ho-arthAt sat-asat, hita, ahita eva guNa avaguNa ko parIkSA karane me kuzala hoN| 17 vRddhAnugAmI ho, arthAt anubhavI vyaktiyo ke anubhava kA lAbha letA huaA pravRtti kre| 18. vinayavAn ho| 16 raga-raga me kRtajJatA bharI ho|

Page #203
cAritra aura nItizAstra 185 20 "paropakArAya satA vibhUtaya' arthAt satpurupo kA sarvasva parahita ke lie hI hotA hai, aisI unakI jIvana nIti ho / 21 labdhalakSya ho, arthAt apane jIvana ke prazasta lakSya ko prApta karane vAlA ho| __ jisa gRhastha ke jIvana me ullikhita vizeSatAe A jAtI hai, usakA jIvana Adarza gRhastha-jIvana ho jAtA hai| tabhI vaha zrAvadhA-dharma ko agIkAra karane aura usakA samacita rUpa se pAlana karane meM samartha hotA hai| gahasthadharma jaina zAstra kA vidhAna hai--"cAritta dhmmo|" arthAta "cAritra hI dharma hai|" cAritra kyA hai ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna karate hue kahA gayA hai ___ "asuhAdo viNivittI, suhe pavittI ya jANa cArittaM" arthAt "azubha karmo se nivRtta honA aura zubha karmo me pravRtta honA, cAritra kahalAtA hai / vastuta. samyak-cAritra yA sadAcAra hI manuSya kI vizeSatA hai| sadAcArahIna jIvana gandhahIna puSpa ke samAna hai| cAritra dharma ke niyama gRhastha varga aura tyAgI ke lie pRthak-pRthak vatalAye gae hai / gRhastha-varga ke lie batalAe gae vrato kA arthAt zrAvaka dharma kA, yahA makSipta svarUpa prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| aNuvrata aNuvrata kA artha hai choTA vrata 1 ahiMsANuvrata-pahalA vrata sthUla prANAtipAta viramaNa arthAt jIvo kI hiMsA se virata honA hai| saMsAra ma do prakAra ke jIva hai, sthAvara aura trasa / jo jIva apanI icchA anusAra sthAna badalane meM asamartha hai, ve sthAvara kahalAte hai / pRthvIkAya, apkAya (pAnI), agnikAya, vAyukAya aura vanaspatikAya, yaha pAca prakAra ke sthAvara jIva hai / ina jIvo kI sirpha spargendriya hI hotI hai| ataeva inhe ekendriya jIva bhI kahate hai| sukha-dukha ke prasaga para jo jIva apanI icchA ke anusAra eka jagaha se dUsarI jagaha pAte hai, jo calate-phirate aura bolate hai, ve trasa jIva hai / ina trasa jI vo me do indriyo vAle, koI tIna indriyo vAle, koI cAra indriyo vAle, koI

Page #204
186 jaina dharma pAca indriyo vAle hote hai| namAra ke samasta jIva sa aura sthAvara vibhAgoM meM sammilita ho jAte hai| muni dono prakAra ke jIvo kI hiMsA kA pUrNa rUpa se tyAga karate haiN| parantu gRhastha aisA nahIM kara sakate, ataeva unake lie sthUla hiMsA ke tyAga kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / niraparAdha trasa jIva kI saMkalpapUrvaka kI jAne vAlI hiMsA ko hI gRhastha tyAgatA hai| jainagAstro me hiMsA cAra prakAra kI vatalAI gaI hai| 1 prArambhI hiMsA, 2 udyogI hiMsA, 3 virodhI hinA aura 4 saMkalI hiNsaa| 1. jIvana nirvAha ke lie, Avazyaka bhojana-pAna ke lie, aura parivAra ke pAlana-poSaNa ke lie anivArya rUpa se hone vAlI hisA prArambhI hisA hai / 2. gRhastha apanI AjIvikA calAne ke lie, kRpi, gopAlana, vyApAra Adi udyoga karatA hai aura una udyogo meM hisA kI bhAvanA ta hone para bhI jo hisA hotI hai, vaha udyamI yA udyogI hisA kahalAlI hai| 3. apane prANo kI rakSA ke lie, kuTamba-parivAra kI rakSA ke lie athavA aAkramaNakArI zatruno se deza kI rakSA karane ke lie kI jAne vAlI hisA virodhI hiMsA hai| 4. kisI niraparAdha prANI kI, jAna-bUjha kara, mArane kI bhAvanA sa hisA karanA saMkalpI hisA hai / cAra prakAra kI isa hisA me gRhastha pahale vrata me sakalpI hiMsA kA tyAga karatA hai aura zeSa tIna prakAra kI hisA me yathAzakti tyAga karake ahiMsA vrata kA pAlana karatA hai| ahisA vrata kA zuddha rUpa se pAlana karane ke lie pAca dopo se bacate rahanA caahie| 1. kisI jIva ko mAranA, pITanA, trAsa denA, 2. kisI kA agabhaga karanA, apaga banAnA, virUpa krnaa| 3 kisI ko vanvana me DAlanA, yathA-tote ke pIjare me vanda karanA, kutto 1. prazna vyAkaraNa Azrava dvAra, 2. upAsaka dazAMga a0 1 /

Page #205
cAritra aura nItizAstra 187 ko rassI se vAdhe rakhanA, mAna ko piTAre me banda kara denA, esA karane se una prANiko kI svAdhInatA naSTa ho jAtI hai aura unhe vyathA pahucatI hai| 4 ghoDe, baila, khaccara, gadhe Adi jAnavaro para sAmarthya se adhika bojha lAdanA, naukaro se adhika kAma lenA / 5 apane Azrita prANiyo ko samaya para bhojana-pAnI na denA tathA rAtri bhojana Adi namasta doSo kA tyAga ahisANuvrata kI bhAvanA me Avazyaka hai / 2 satyANuvrata-sthUla asatya bolane kA sarvathA tyAga karanA aura sUkSma asatya ke prati nAvadhAna rahanA dvitIya vrata hai| yadyapi syUla aura sUkSma asatya kI koI nizcita paribhASA denA kaThina hai, tathApi jisa asatya ko duniyA asatya mAnatI hai, jisa asatya bhASaNa se manuSya jhUThA kahalAtA hai, jo lokanindanIya aura rAjadaNDanIya hai, vaha asatya sthUla asatya kahalAtA hai / zrAvaka aise sthUla asatya-bhASaNa kA tyAga karatA hai| jhUThI sAkSI denA, jhUThA dastAveja yA lekha likhanA, kisI kI gupta vAta prakaTa karanA, cugalI karanA, saccI-jhUThI kaha kara kisI ko galata rAste para le jAnA, yAtmapragasA aura paranindA karanA Adi sthUla mRSAvAda me sammilita hai / isa vrata kA bhalIbhAti pAlana karane ke lie ina pAco bAto se vacanA caahie|' jaise ki - 1. dUsare para mithyA doSAropaNa karanA / 2. kisI kI gupta vAta prakaTa krnaa| 3 patnI Adi ke sAtha vizvAsa ghAta karanA / 4 dUsare ko galata malAha denaa| 5 jAlasAz2I karanA, jhUThe dastAveja Adi likhanA / 3.acauryANavata-mana, vANI aura zarIra se kisI kI sampatti ko binA aAjJA na lenA acauryANuvrata kahate hai / corI bhI do prakAra kI hai sthala corI, aura mUkSma corii| jisa corI ke kAraNa manuSya cora kahalAtA hai, nyAyAlaya se daNDita hotA hai, aura jo corI loka meM corI ke nAma se vikhyAta hai, vaha sthUla corI hai| rAste me calate-calate tinakA yA kakara uThA lenA yA isI prakAra kI koI dUsarI vastu usake svAmI se AnA prApta kie vinA grahaNa kara lenA sUkSma 1. upAsaka dazAMga, a0 1 /

Page #206
188 jainadharma corI hai| gRhastha ke lie sampUrNa corI kA tyAga karanA kaThina hai, tathApi sthUla corI kA tyAga karanA hI caahie| sedha lagAnA, jeba kATanA, DAkA DAlanA, sUda ke bahAne kisI ko lUTa lenA, Adi sthUla corI ke antargata hai| acauryANuvratI ko ina pAca vAto se vacanA cahie --- 1. corI kA mAla kharIdanA / 2. cora ko corI karane meM sahAyatA denA / 3. rAjya-rASTra ke viruddha kArya karanA, jaise ucita 'kara' na denA aadi| 4. nyUnAdhika nApa-tola krnaa| 5. milAvaTa karake azuddha vastu vecnaa| 4. brahmacaryANuvrata-kAmabhoga eka prakAra kA mAnasika roga hai / usakA pratikAra bhoga se nahIM ho sktaa| yaha samajha kara mAnasika bala zArIrika svasthatA aura pAtmika prakAza kI rakSA ke lie saMbhoga se sarvathA bacanA pUrNa brahmaryavrata hai| jo pUrNa brahmacarya kI ArAdhanA nahI kara sakatA, use kama-se-kama para strIgamana kA tyAga to karanA hI caahie| isa prakAra parastrItyAga aura svastrI santoSa karanA brahmacaryANuvrata hai| sabhoga kI pratikriyA me asaMkhya sUkSma jIvoM kA vadha hotA hai| isase rAga, dveSa aura moha kI vRddhi hotI hai / vaha samasta pApo kA mUla hai / ataeva jo gRhastha use apanI patnI taka sImita kara letA hai aura patnI meM bhI atyAsakti nahIM rakhatA, vaha anta me kAma vAsanA para pUrNa rUpa se vijaya prApta kara sakatA hai| brahmacaryANuvratI ko nimnalikhita pAca vAto se bacanA cAhie ----- 1 kisI rakhela Adi ke sAtha kasambandha sthApita karanA / 2. kumArI yA vezyA Adi ke sAtha gamana karanA / 3 aprAkRtika rUpa se maithuna sevana krnaa| 2. apanA dUsarA vivAha karanA tathA dUsaroM ke vivAha sambandha syApita karate phirnaa| 5 kAmabhoga kI tIvra abhilASA rkhnaa| 5. parigraha parimANa aNuvata--parigraha sasAra kA baDe se bar3A pApa hai| 1. upAsaka dazAMga, a0 1 / 2 upAsaka dazAMga a01|

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cAritra aura nItizAstra 189 Aja sasAra ke samakSa jo jaTila samasyAeM upasthita hai, sarvavyApI varga sagharSa kI jo dAvAgni prajvalita ho rahI hai, vaha sava parigraha - mUrchA kI dena hai / jaba taka manuSya ke jIvana me amaryAdita lobha, lAlaca, tRSNA, mamatA yA gRddhi vidyamAna hai, taba taka vaha zAntilAbha nahI kara sakatA / ataeva parigraha kI sImA kara lenA Avazyaka hai / yahI parigrahaparimANa aNuvrata kahalAtA hai / isa aNuvrata kA agara vyApaka rUpa se pAlana kiyA jAya to bhUmaMDala ko svargadhAma banane meM pala bhara dera na lage / sarvatra mukha aura zAnti kAsAmrAjya sthApita ho jAya / isa aNuvrata kA pAlana karane ke lie nimnalikhita pAca dopo se vacanA zrAvazyaka hai -- 1. makAno, dukAno tathA kheto kI maryAdA ko kisI bhI bahAne se vadAnA / 2. isI prakAra sone-cAdI grAdi ke parimANa ko bhaga karanA / 3. dvirada ( naukara ) tathA catuppada (gAya, ghoDA Adi) ke parimANa kA ullaghana karanA / 4 mudrA. javAharAta prAdi kI maryAdA ko bhaga karanA / 5. dainika vyavahAra me grAne vAlI vastra, pAtra, grAsana grAdi vastu ke lie parimANa ko ullaghana karanA / guNavrata aura zikSA vrata -- pUrvokta pAca praNuvrata gRhastha ke mUla vrata hai / unakA bhalI bhAti zrAcaraNa karane ke lie kucha aura vrato kI bhI AvazyakatA hotI hai / jinase mUla vrato kI sapuSTi, zrIra vRddhi aura rakSA hotI hai| unhe uttara vrata kahate hai, unheM bhI do bhAgo me vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / guNavrata aura zikSA vrata / guNavrata tIna, aura zikSA vrata cAra hai / " yaha saba milakara zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata kahalAte hai / unakA sakSipta svarUpa isa prakAra hai 1 digvrata 2 -- manuSya kI abhilASA grAkAza kI bhAti asIma aura agni kI taraha vaha samagra bhUmaNDala para apanA ekacchatra sAmrAjya sthApita karane kA madhura svapna hI nahI dekhatI, varan usa svapna ko sAkAra karane ke lie vijaya- abhimAna bhI karatI hai / grartha lolupI mAnava tRSNA ke vaza hokara vibhinna dezo me paribhramaNa karatA hai| videzo meM vyApAra-sasthAna sthApita karatA hai aura idhara-udhara mArA-mArA phiratA hai / manuSya kI isa nirakuza tRSNA ko niyantrita 1 aupapAtika sUtra, vIradezanA / 2 upAsaka dazAga a0 1 /

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190 jaina dharma karane ke lie digvata kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / isa vrata kA dhAraka zrAvaka samasta dinAyo meM gamanAgamana kI maryAdA karatA hai, aura usame vAhara sava prakAra ke vyApAro kA tyAga kara detA hai / 2. upabhoga-paribhoga parimANa--eka bAra bhogane yogya AhAra Adi upabhoga kahalAte hai| jinheM puna. punaH bhogA jA sake, aise vastrapAtra, Adi ko paribhoga kahate hai| ina padArthoM ko kAma meM lAne kI maryAdA vAva lenA upabhogaparibhoga parimANa vrata hai / yaha vrata bhojana aura karma (vyavasAya) se do bhAgo meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / bhojana padArtho kI maryAdA karane se lolupatA para vijaya prApta hotI hai| vyApAra sambandhI maryAdA kara lene se pApapUrNa vyApAro kA tyAga ho jAtA hai| 3. anartha daNDa tyAga-vinA prayojana hisA karanA anarthadaNDa kahalAtA hai| vivekazUnya manuSyoM kI manovRtti cAra prakAra se vyartha hI pApa kA upArjana karatI hai1. apadhyAna dUsaro kA burA vicaarnaa| 2. pramAdAcarita jAti - kula Adi kA mada karanA tathA vikathA, nindA Adi krnaa| 3 hisApradAna hisA ke sAdhana-talavAra, vandUka, vama Adi kA nirmANa karake dUsaro ko denA, sahAraka zastro kA AviSkAra krnaa| 4 pApopadeza - pApa-janaka kAryoM kA upadeza denaa| isa vrata ko aMgIkAra karane vAlA sAdhaka kAmavAsanA varddhaka vArtAlApa nahI karatA, kAmottejaka kuceSTAe nahIM krtaa| asabhya-phUhaDa vacano kA prayoga nahIM karatA, hiMsAjanaka zastro ke AviSkAra, nirmANa yA vikraya me bhAga nahIM letA, aura bhogopabhoga ke yogya padArtho me adhika Asakta nahI hotaa| 4 sAmAyikavata--2 mana kI rAga-dveSamaya pariNati viSamabhAva hai| isa vipamabhAva ko dUra karake jagat ke samasta padArthoM me taTasthabhAva samabhAva sthApita karanA hI jaina sAdhanA kA uddezya hai / kyoki samabhAva ke abhAva ma maccI zAnti kA lAbha nahI ho sktaa| isI kAraNa AItI sAdhanA carama uddezya samatA ko kendra mAnakara mukti kI ora gayA hai| 1. upAsaka dazAMga a01| 2. upAsaka dazAMga a01|

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cAritra aura nItizAstra 191 samabhAva ko prApta karane, vikasita karane aura sthAyI banAne ke lie jisa vrata kA anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai, vaha sAmAyika vrata hai / isa vrata kI AgavanA kA kAla 48 miniTa nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai / isa kAla meM gRhastha zrAvaka ko samasta pApamaya vyApAro kA tyAga karake Atmacintana karanA caahie| sAmAyika ke samaya me prApta huI samabhAva kI preraNA ko jIvanavyApI banAne kA yarana karanA cAhie / 5 dezAvakAzikavrata --- digvrata meM jIvana paryanta ke lie kiye gae diyAo ke parimANa ko eka dina yA nyUnAdhika samaya ke lie kama karanA, aura usa parimANa se bAhara samasta pApa kAryo kA tyAga karanA dezAvakAzika vata hai | 2 6. pauSavavrata --- jimase prAtmika guNo yA dharma bhAva kA poSaNa hotA hai, vaha pauSaghavrata kahalAtA hai / isa vrata kA zrAcaraNa prAya aSTamI, caturdazI mAdi viziSTa tithiyo meM kiyA jAtA hai| eka rAta-dina upavAsa karanA, akhaDa brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA, tatvacintana, dhyAna, svAdhyAya eva grAtmaramaNa karanA aura saba prakAra kI sAsArika upAdhiyoM se chuTakArA lekara sAdhu sarIkhI vRtti vAraNa kara lenA, isa vrata kI caryA hai / 7. atithisaMvibhAga -- 3 jinake grAne kA samaya niyata nahI hai, unheM gratithi kahate hai / nirgrantha zramaNa pahale sUcanA die binA Ate hai / unhe sayamopayogI AhAra Adi kA dAna karanA zratithi- savibhAga vrata hai / magrahaparAyaNa manovRtti ko kRza karane, tathA tyAgabhAvanA ko jAgRta eva vikasita karane ke lie isa vrata kI vyavasthA kI gaI hai / atithi zabda se mukhyata sAdhu kA artha dhvanita hotA hai, kintu zrAvaka kA hRdaya itanA udAra, sadaya aura dAnazIla hotA hai ki sAdhu ke sivAya anya dIna-dukhI bhI usake dvAra se nirAza hokara nahI loTatA / ina vAraha vrato kA pAlana karane se zrAdhyAtmika unnati, sAjAjika nyAya tathA kSva para sukha kI prApti hotI hai| pratyeka gRhastha yadi bAraha vrato kI 1 upAsaka dazAMga a0 1 3 upAsaka dazAga a0 1 / 2 upAsaka dazAga a0 1 /

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192 jaina dharma maryAdAo kA pAlana kare to saMsAra svarga bana sakatA hai, aura pratyeka prANI ke sAtha bandhubhAva sthApita hone se pUrva zAnti kA vAyumaNDana nirmita ho sakatA hai / zrAvaka ke tIna prakAra vratoM kA praNu prAzika rUpa se pAlana karanA kahalAtA hai| kintu pratyeka gRhasya kI gurUpa sAdhanA bhI samAna koTi kI nahIM ho sakatI / Amira apanI kSamatA ke anusAra hI gRhastha ina vrato kA pAlana karanAtA hai, ataeva usakI sAdhanA meM aneka koTiyA ho jAnA svAbhAvika hai / una koTi bheda ke zrAvAra para zrAvaka tIna prakAra ke hote hai 1. pAkSika, 2 naiSThika 3. sAdhaka / jo eka deza se ( aMzata ) hiMsA kA tyAga karake zrAvaka dharma gragIkAra karatA hai, vaha pAkSika zrAvaka kahalAtA hai| jaba vaha nirdoSa niraticAra rUpa se vrata kA pAlana karane lagatA hai, taba naiSThika kahalAtA hai / vahI zrAvaka jaba pUrNa rUpa se dezacAritra kA pAlana karatA hai aura zrAtmA kI svarUpaparisthiti meM lIna ho jAtA hai, tava sAvaka zrAvaka kahalAtA hai / jIvana-nIti zrAvaka aura sAdhu dono hI mumukSu hote hai / dono AtmAzuddhi ke patha ke pathika hote hai / dono kA uddezya muktilAbha karanA hai| dono sayama kI sAdhanA meM nirata rahate hai aura pApa se bacane kA prayatna karate hai / phira bhI dono kI paristhitiyo me antara hai / sAbu sarvathA aparigrahI aura anArabhI samasta pApakRtyo ke tyAgI hote haiM, kintu zrAvaka gRhastha avasthA meM rahane ke kAraNa aisA nahI ho sakatA / kyoki usakA parigraha aura Arambha amaryAdita nahI hotA / jainazAstro me mahAparigraha aura usake lie kiyA jAne vAlA mahArabha naraka gati kA kAraNa batalAyA gayA hai / ataeva zrAvaka kI jIvana nIti aisI sarala aura sAdI honI cAhie ki vaha gratpArabhI aura alpaparigrahI rahakara hI apanA aura apane parivAra kA nirvAha kara le | zrAvaka kA darjA pAne ke lie yaha eka anivArya zarta hai / zrAvaka parigraha kI eka maryAdA vAgha letA hai, jisase vaha tRSNA para akuza lagA sake / usa maryAdA ko nibhAne ke lie vaha bhogopabhoga kI vastuo

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cAritra aura nItizAstra kI maryAdA kara letA hai, aura nirarthaka sagraha kA bhI tyAga kara detA hai| isa prakAra zrAvaka kA jIvana atyanta sAdA bana jAtA hai| AjIvikA ke nimitta une koI bar3A pApa nahI karanA pdd'taa| jisa AjIvikA yA vyavasAya se vizeSa hisA hotI hai, jisase vyakti meM pratikatA vaTatI hai, aura samAja ayavA rASTra ko kSati pahucatI hai, zrAvaka usane dUra rahatA hai| jaina-paribhASA me aisA vyavasAya karmAdAna kahalAtA hai / prAdarga zrAvaka karmAdAna kA tyAgI hotA hai| vRkSo ko kATa-kATa kara koyalA banAnA, ThekA lekara jagala ko ujADanA, hAthI dAta Adi kA vyApAra karanA, madirA jaisI mAdaka vastupro kA vikraya krnaa| prANaghAtaka viSa vecanA, manuSyo me bekArI vaDhAne vAle yantro se dhadhA karanA, aura durAcAriNI striyo se durAcAra karavA kara dravyopArjana karanA, Adi nidya karmoM se zrAvaka dUra rahatA hai| upAsaka dazAga sUtra meM Adarza zrAvako ke caritra vatalAye gaye hai / una zrAvako ke pAsa jitanI bhUmi, gAye aura pUjI maujUda thI, utanI hI unhone parigraha kI maryAdA kI thii| prAnanda zrAvaka ke yahA lAkho gAye thii| pAca sau halo se khetI hotI thii| vaha baDA vyApAra karatA thA phira bhI vaha maryAdA se jyAdA parigraha nahIM hone detA thaa| isase jAna paDatA hai ki vaha vANijya kRSi aura gopAlana karake, apane sAmAjika kartavya kA pAlana karatA huA bhI usase koI munAphA nahI uThAtA thA, yA apane munAphe kA sarvasAdhAraNa me vitaraNa kara detA thaa| kahA jA sakatA hai ki jise munAphA nahIM kamAnA, use vyApAra karane kI AvazyakatA hI kyA hai ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki vyApAra kA uddezya vyaktigata svArthasAdhanA nahI, varan samAja sevA karanA hai| prajA ke abhAvo kI pUrti ke lie vyApAra honA caahie| sava jagaha sabhI vastueM sulabha nahIM hotii| koI vastu kahI itane adhika parimANa meM paidA hotI hai ki anyatra na bhejI jAya, to vRthA paDI-paDI saDatI rahe / dUsarI jagaha usake abhAva me loga kaSTa pAte hai| isa paristhiti meM vyApArI sAmane AtA hai, aura vaha jarUrata vAlI jagaha para usa cIja ko le jAkara prajA ke abhAva ko dUra karatA hai| vyApArI na ho to prajA abhAvagrasta hokara parezAna ho jAya, kyoki pratyeka vyakti apanI-apanI AvazyakatAno kI pUrti ke lie pRthak-pRthak Ayojana nahI kara sktaa|

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194 jaina dharma vyApArI kI yaha mahattvapUrNa sevA hai / yaha sevA karatA huA vyApArI apane nirvAha ke lie kucha aza bacA letA hai / jise munAphA kahate haiN| jisa vyApArI ke jIvana nirvAha kA dUsarA srota maujUda hai, use munAphA lene kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| phira bhI vaha prajA ke abhAvo ko dUra karane ke lie sevA ke rUpa meM vyavasAya karatA hai| 'jainazAstra isa Adarza vyApAra nIti kI ora saketa karate hai| zrAvaka kI jIvana-nIti kI isase acchI kalpanA A sakatI hai / jaina zrAvaka santoSa ke sAtha apanA jIvana nirvAha karatA hai / pratidina vItarAga deva kI pUjA (bhAva-bhakti) karanA, guru kI upAsanA karanA, svAdhyAya karanA, sayama kA sevana karanA, yathAzakti tapasyA karanA aura yathocita dAna denA gRhastha kA dainika kartavya hai| cAritra kA mUlAdhAra ahiMsA gRhastha ke vrato kA no zabda-citra khIcA gayA hai, use paDhane se eka bAta sahaja hI dhyAna me A sakatI hai, vaha yaha hai ki vahA sasAra ko choDakara bhAgane kI bAta nahI hai| sasAra ko mithyA mAnane yA avAstavika kahane kI bhramapUrNa bAta bhI nahI hai / jagat ke prANiyo se apanA sambandha-viccheda kara lene kA prazna bhI nahIM hai / isa samagra sAdhanA kA pradhAna-AdhAra hai--"sarvabhUtAtmabhUtatA" arthAt prANImAtra ko prAtmIya bhAva se agIkAra krnaa| dUsare zabdo me yahI ahisA hai| ahisA kI bhUmikA para hI vrato kI vizAla aTTAlikA kA nirmANa huA hai| ahisA se hI sarvasamAsaMskRti kA prAdurbhAva huA hai| mAnavatA ke utthAna aura AtmavistAra kA mAdhyama ahisA hI hai / ahisA se hI sArvabhauma zAnti kA sarjana hogaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainadharma me ahisA ko hI dharma eva sadAcAra kI kasauTI mAnA gayA hai| ahisA jaina saskRti kI AtmA hai / ahisA se hI AtmA kI puSTi hotI hai / ahisA AdhyAtmika jIvana kI nIva hai, jIvana kA mUla mantra hai| ahisA daivI zakti hai, ahisA parama dharma, aura parama brahma hai| ahisA vIratA kI saccI nizAnI hai| mAnava aura dAnava me ahisA aura hisA kA hI antara hai / ahisA hI sukha-zAnti kI jananI, aura jagat kI rakSA karane vAlI alaukika zakti hai|

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cAritra aura nItizAstra 195 sADe bAraha varSa aura pandraha dina taka kaThoratama tapazcaryA karane ke pazcAt bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sarvaja samadarzI hokara jo maunabhaga kiyA to unake mukha se yahI ghoya hugrA-"mA haNa, mA haNa / " kisI prANI ko mata mAro, mata maaro| kinI kA chedana na karo, na kro| kisI ko paritApa na pahucAyo / mAroge to maranA pddegaa| chedoge to chidanA paDegA, bhedoge to bhidanA pddegaa| paritApa pahucAyoge to paritapta honA pddegaa|" bhagavAn ne kahA--jo arihanta atIta-kAla meM ho cuke hai, vartamAna meM vidyamAna hai, aura bhaviSya me hoge una saba kA eka hI Adeza aura eka hI upadeza hai ki kisI bhI prANI, bhUta, jIva aura satva ko kisI bhI prakAra se glega na pahuMcAyA jaay| yahI dharma zuddha, nitya aura sAzvata hai / jJAnI-jano ne pUrI taraha anubhava karake aura sasAra ke svarUpa kA vicAra karake isa dharma kI prarUpaNA kI hai| choTe-moTe mabhI prANiyo ko duHkha apriya, aura sukha priya hai / sabhI ko jIvana ipTa aura maraNa aniSTa hai| tuma apane sukha ke lie dUsaro ko satAyoge, to dUsare bhI apane sukha ke lie tumhe satAege / isa prakAra sabhI jIva hisA ke dvArA sukha prApta karane kA prayatna karage, to pariNAma me du kha hI Age AegA / koI sukhI na ho skegaa| ataeva janadharma ne dRDhatApUrvaka yaha vidhAna kiyA hai ki bhagavatI ahisA kI varadAyinI chatrachAyA meM hI vAstavika sukha kI upalabdhi ho sakatI hai / muni dharma vaya aura yogyatA--vizva ke samasta dharma tyAga ko pradhAnatA dete haiN| parantu jainadharma ne tyAga kI jo maryAdAe sthApita kI hai, ve asAdhAraNa hai / vaidika varma ke samAna jainadharma ne tyAgamaya jIvana agIkAra karane lie vaya-vizeSa kA koI nirdhAraNa nahI kiyA hai| vaha nahIM kahatA ki jIvana ke tIna caraNa bItane ke bAda antima cauthA caraNa sanyAsa ke lie hai / jIvana kSaNa-bhagura hai aura koI nahI jAnatA ki kauna jIvana ke cAro caraNa samApta kara sakegA aura kauna nahI ? mRtyu manuSya ke mastaka para sadaiva maDarAtI rahatI hai aura kisI bhI kSaNa jIvana kA anta A sakatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina-zAstra Azrama-vyavasthA ko svIkAra nahIM krte| vaya para jora na dene para bhI jainazAstro meM tyAgamaya jIvana agIkAra

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196 jaina dharma karane vAle vyakti kI yogyatA zravazya nirdhArita kara dI gaI hai / jise zubha tattvadRSTi prApta ho cukI hai, jisane AtmA granAtmA ke svarUpa ko samajha liyA hai, jo bhoga ko roga aura indriyavipayoM ko vipa samajha cukA hai, ataeva jisake mAnama-sara meM vairAgya kI UrmiyA laharAne lagI hai, vahI tyAgI banane ke yogya hai / pUrNa virakta hokara, zarIra-samvandhI mamatva kA bhI parityAga karake jo AtmA-ArAdhanA meM hI salagna rahanA cAhatA hai, vaha muni dharma agIkAra karatA hai / samAja kA rakSaka, rASTra kA sainika aura parivAra kA popaka vana kara hI manuSya pUrNatA nahI prApta kara sakatA / use ina kartavyo se bhI pAra hokara jIvana ke antima mArga ko akele hokara bhI pAra karanA par3atA hai / tabhI grAtmA ko sarvocca siddhi kA lAbha hotA hai / carama sAdhanA ke vIhar3a patha para ekAkI cala paDane vAlA sAdhaka hI muni, zramaNa sAdhu, bhikSu yA tyAgI kahalAtA hai / zramaNatva kI ucca bhUmikA sparza karane ke lie gRha-parivAra, dhana sampatti grAdi bAhya padArthoM kA tyAga karanA par3atA hai, magara yahI paryApta nahIM hai / saccA zramaNa vahI hai jo jIvana me gaharI jaDa jamAye hue Antarika vikAro para vijaya prApta kara sakatA hai tathA jisake lie mAna-apamAna, nindA-stuti aura jIvana-maraNa ekAkAra ho jAte haiM, vaha tiraskAra ke garala ko amRta banA kara pI jAtA hai / magara kaTuka vacana bolakara kisI kA tiraskAra nahI karatA / vaha anIha aura anAsakta raha kara bhI sampUrNa pRthvI kI apanA mAnatA hai aura sasAra ke jIvo ko maitrI zraura karuNA pradAna karatA hai / vaha calatI phiratI sasthA banakara jagat me AdhyAtmikatA kI ujjvala jyoti prajvalita rakhatA hai / zramaNa kA aham itanA virAT rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai ki kisI bhI kRtrima paridhi meM vaha samA nahIM sakatA / isalie vaha rASTrIya graham kA samarthana nahI karatA / usake Age yaha saba manovRttiyAM sakIrNa hai / zravAstavika hai / khaTa jIvana ke prati usakI grAsthA hai, vibhinna raga-rUpo meM baTI TukaDiyo me nahI / sAbu sasAra kI bhalAI me kabhI vimukha nahI hotA, parantu usakA pratiphala pAne kI kisI bhI prakAra kI kAmanA nahI rakhatA / vaha apanI pIDA ko varadAna mAnakara taTastha bhAva se sahana kara jAtA hai, magara parapIr3A usake lie 1. uttarAdhyayana, a0 19, gA089, 90, 92 /

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cAritra aura nItizAstra 197 asahya hotA hai / yaha satya hai ki usakI sAdhanA kA kendravindu AtmotthAna hI hai, kintu lokakalyANa usake prAtmotthAna kA sAdhana hotI hai / AtmakalyANa ke uddezya se loka kalyANa karane karane vAle ke citta me ahakAra nahI utpanna hotA, aura ina prakAra mAdhu apanI sAdhanA ko kalupita hone se bacA letA hai, kyoki usake mana meM yaha bhAva barAvara vanA rahatA hai ki maiM apanI bhalAI ke lie dUsaro kI bhalAI kara rahA hU / jaina sAdhu vaha naukA hai, jo svaya tairatI hai aura dUsaro ko bhI tAratI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kahate hai--sAdhuo / zramaNa nirgrantho ke lie lAghavakama-se-kama sAdhano se nirvAha karanA, nirIhatA-niSkAma vRtti, amUcchA-anAsakti, prAgRddhi, aprativaddhatA, akrodhatA, amAnatA, niSkapaTatA aura nirlobhatA hI prazasta hai| isa prakAra kI sAdhanA ke dvArA sAdhu apane janma-maraNa kA anta karatA hai, aura pUrNa siddhi lAbha kara paramAtmapada prApta kara letA hai| yo to jainazAstro me sAdhu ke AcAra-vicAra kI prarUpaNA bahuta vistAra se kI gaI hai / usakA sakSipta varNana karane para bhI kaI pustake bana sakatI hai| tathApi yahA atisakSepa me usakA digdarzana karAnA hai|| pAMca mahAvata pAca mahAvrata sAdhutva kI anivArya zarta hai| inakA bhalIbhAti pAlana kie binA koI sAdhu nahI kahalA sktaa| mahAvrata isa prakAra hai 1 ahiMsAmahAvata--jIvanaparyanta asa aura sthAvara sabhI jIvo kI mana, vacana, kAya se hisA na karanA, dUsaro se na karAnA, aura hiMsA karane vAle ko anumodana na denA, ahisA mahAvrata hai|| __ sAdhu kA mana amRta kuNDa, vANI amRta kA pravAha, aura kAyA amRta kI deha ke samAna hotI hai| prANI mAtra para vaha akhaDa karuNA kI vRSTi karatA hai / ataeva vaha nirjIva hue acitta jala kA hI sevana karatA hai| agnikAya ke jIvo kI hisA se bacane ke lie agni kA upayoga nahI karatA / pakhA Adi hilAkara vAyu kI udIraNA nahIM karatA / kanda, mUla, phala Adi kisI bhI prakAra kI vanaspati kA sparza taka nahIM krtaa| pRthvI kAya ke jIvo kI rakSA ke lie jamIna khodane Adi kI kriyAe nahI karatA / mahAvrata-dhArI sthAvara aura calatephirate trasa jIvo kI hisA kA pUrNa tyAgI hotA hai|

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198 jaina dharma 2. satyamahAvrata--mana se satya socanA, vANI se satya bolanA aura kAya se satya kA AcaraNa karanA aura sUkSma asatya kA bhI kabhI prayoga na karanA, satya mahAvrata hai| AtmasAdhaka puruSa satya ko bhagavAna mAnatA hai| vaha mana, vacana yA kAyA se kadApi asatya kA sevana nahIM krtaa| use mauna rahanA priyatara pratIta hotA hai, phira bhI prayojana hone para parimita, hitakara, madhura aura nirdopa bhApA kA hI prayoga karatA hai| vaha vinA soce-vicAre nahI boltaa| hisA ko uttejanA dene vAlA vacana nahI nikAlatA / hasI-majAka Adi bAto se, jinake kAraNa asatya-bhApaNa kI sabhAvanA rahatI hai, usase dUra rahatA hai / __3. acaurya mahAvrata--muni saMsAra kI koI bhI vastu, usake svAmI kI mAnA lie vinA grahaNa nahIM karate, cAhe vaha ziSya Adi ho cAhe nirjIva ghAsa Adi ho / dAta sApha karane ke lie tinakA jaisI tuccha cIja bhI pAjA lie vinA nahIM lete| 4 brahmacarya mahAvrata--sAdhaka kAmavRtti aura vAsanA kA niyamana karake pUrNa brahmacarya kA pAlana karatA hai| isa durdhara mahAvrata kA pAlana karane ke lie aneka niyamo kA kaThoratA ke sAtha pAlana karanA Avazyaka hotA hai / unameM se kucha isa prakAra hai (ka) jisa makAna me strI kA nivAsa ho, usame na rahanA / ' (kha) strI ke hAva-bhAva, vilAsa Adi kA varNana krnaa| (ga) strI-puspa kA eka Asana para na baiThanA / (gha) strI ke aMgopAMgo ko sthira dRSTi se na dekhanA / (Da) strI-puruSa ke kAmukatApUrNa gabda na sunanA / (ca) apane pUrvakAlIna bhogamaya jIvana ko bhulA denA aura aisA anubhava karanA ki zuddha sAdhaka ke rUpa me merA nayA janma huA hai| (cha) sarasa, pauSTika, vikArajanaka, rAjasa aura tAmasa AhAra na krnaa| (ja) maryAdA se adhika AhAra na krnaa| murgI ke aDe ke barAbara 1 jaise sAdhaka puruSa ke lie strI kA samparka varNya hai, usI prakAra strI ke lie puraSa kA samparka bhI varjanIya hai|

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cAritra aura nItizAstra 199 adhika se adhika battIma kaura bhojana karanA sAdhu ke AhAra kI maryAdA hai| (a) snAna, maMjana, zRgAra Adi karake Akarpaka rUpa na bnaanaa| 5. aparigraha mahAvrata-mAdhu parigrahamAtra kA tyAgI hotA hai, phira bhale hI vaha ghara ho, dhana-dhAnya ho, yA dvipada-catuppada ho yA kucha anya ho / vaha madA ke lie mana, vacana, kAya se samasta parigraha ko chor3a detA hai / pUrNa asaga anAsakta, aparigraha aura amamatvI hokara vicaraNa karatA hai| sAdhutA kA pAlana karane ke lie use jina upakaraNo kI anivArya AvazyakatA hotI hai, unake prati bhI use mamatva nahIM hotaa| yadyapi mUrchA ko parigraha kahA gayA hai, tathApi bAhya padArtho ke tyAga se anAsakti kA vikAsa hotA hai, ataeva vAhya padArtho kA tyAga bhI Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| pAMca samiti pApa se bacane ke lie mana kI prazasta ekAgratA, samiti kahalAtI hai| mahAvrato kI rakSA ke lie pA~ca prakAra kI samitiyA~ sAdhu dharma kA Avazyaka aga haiN| vaha isa prakAra hai1 ryAsamiti jIvo kI rakSA ke lie, sAvadhAnI ke mAtha, cAra hAtha Age kI bhUmi dekhate clnaa| 2. bhApA-samiti hita, mita, madhura aura satya bhASA bolanA / 3. epaNAsamiti nirdopa eva zuddha AhAra grahaNa karanA / 4 pAdAnanikSepaNasamiti - kisI bhI vastu ko sAvadhAnI ke sAtha uThAnA yA rakhanA, jisase kisI jIva-jantu kA ghAta na ho jaay| 5. pariSThApanikA-samiti - mala-matra Adi ko aise sthAna para vijita karanA jisase jIvotpatti na ho aura kimI ko ghRNA yA kaSTa bhI na ho| tIna gupti indriyo kA aura mana kA gopana karanA, arthAt unhe asatya pravRtti se haTAkara AtmAbhimukha kara lenA, gupti ke tIna bheda isa prakAra hai

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200 jaina dharma 1. manogunti - 2. vananagupti 3. kAyagupti mana ko aprazasta, azubha vA kutsita saMkalpo se httaanaa| asatya, karkaga, kaThora, kapTajanaka athavA ahitakara bhASA ke prayoga ko roknaa| zarIra ko asat vyApAro se nivRtta karake zubha vyApAra meM lagAnA, uThane baiThane, sIne, jAgane Adi gArIgika kriyAno me yatlA--sAvadhAnI rkhnaa| anAcIrNa sAdhu kI sAdhanA kA vyavasthita rUpa se nirvAha ho, isa prayojana se jainagAstroM me vAvana anAcIrNo kA ullekha kara diyA gayA hai| anAcIrNa vaha kRtya hai jinakA maharSi sAdhako ne AcaraNa nahIM kiyA hai| ataeva jo anAcAraNIya hai, iname sAdhu kI lagabhaga sArI tyAjya vAhya caryA kA samAveza ho jAtA hai / inakA sakSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai-- 1. auddezika apane nimitta banAye hue bhojana, pAnI, makAna yA kisI bhI anya padArtha ko grahaNa krnaa| 2. niryApaNDa megA eka hI ghara se AhAra lenA, bhrAmarI-vRtti kA Azraya na lenaa| 3. krItakRta sAdhu ke lie kharIdI huI vastu le lenaa| 4. abhyAhRta - upAzraya me yA jahA sAdhu ThaharA ho, vahAM zrAvaka AhAra Adi lAkara de aura use grahaNa kara lenaa| 5. tribhakta rAtri me bhojana karanA / 6. snAna - nhaanaa| itra, candana Adi sugandhita padArtha kAma me laanaa| 8. mAlya mAlA phnnaa| 6. vIjana pakhe, puDhe yA vastra Adi se havA krnaa| 10 mannivi dUsare dina ke lie bhojana kA magraha kara rkhnaa| 11. gRhipAtra gRhastha ke pAtra me pAhAra krnaa| 12. rAja piNDa - rAjA ke lie vanA pauSTika AhAra lenaa| 13. kimicchaka dAna- dAnazAlA Adi meM jAkara sadAvarta lenA, bhikhAriyo ko dI jAne vAlI bhikSA me se hissA baTA lenaa| 7. gaMdha

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' 14. saMvAhana 15. dantadhAvana 16. saprazna 17. dehapralokana 18. aSTApada 16. nAlika 20. chatravAraNa 21. cikitsA 22. upAnaha 23. jyotirArabha 24. zayyAtarapiNDa 27 gAtramardana 28. gRhivaiyAvRtya 25. AsandI 26. gRhAntaraniSadyA 30 taptAnivRtti - 31. prAturasmaraNa 32. mUlI khAnA 33. adarakha khAnA 26. jAtyAjIvikA Bagal - - - -- cAritra aura nItizAstra zarIra ko zrAnanda dene vAlA tailamardana karanA / , majana Adi kA prayoga karake dAto ko camakadAra banAnA / gRhastho se unakI nijI pArivArika bAte pUchanA | kA muha dekhanA / Adi khelanA / caupar3a grAdi khelanA / sira para chatarI Adi proDhanA / roga na hone para bhI valavRddhi ke lie auSadha sevana karanA / cikitsA karavAnA | 20 jUte, khaDAU, mauje yAdi pahananA / dIpaka jalAnA, cUlhA jalAnA athavA kisI bhI prakAra se agni kA vyavahAra karanA / jisakI AjJA lekara makAna meM ThaharA ho, usake ghara se AhAra lenA / palaga, khATa Adi kA upayoga karanA / roga, tapazcaryA janita durbalatA eva vRddhAvasthA yAdi vizeSa kAraNa ke binA gRhastha ke ghara me baiThanA / pIThI Adi lagAnA / gRhastha se paira dabavAne prAdi kI sevA lenA yA usakI sevA karanA / sajAtIya yA sagotrI vanakara AhAra Adi prApta karanA / pUrI taraha ucita na hone para bhI, jala Adi le lenA | kaSTa grAne para apane kuTumbI jano kA smaraNa / karanA, patnI-putra Adi ko yAda karanA / gaDeriyA lenA / 34. ikSukhaDa 35. kando kA upabhoga karanA /

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202 jaina dharma 36. jaDI-bUTI Adi kAma meM laanaa| 37. sacitta phala khaanaa| 38. vIjoM kA bhakSaNa krnaa| 39-45 saucala namaka, saidhA namaka, sAmAnya namaka, romadezIya namaka, samudrI namaka, pAkhukhAra namaka kAma me lenaa| 46. dhUpana - zarIra yA vastra Adi ko dhUpa denaa| 47. vamana niSkAraNa muha me uMgalI DAla kara yA auSadha lekara vamana krnaa| 48-46. vastIkarma - gudAmArga se koI vastu peTa me DAlakara dasta karanA tathA julAba lenaa| 50. ajana kAjala yA suramA lgaanaa| 51. dantavarNa dAMta rgnaa| 52. zArIrika balavRddhi ke lie kuztI Adi vyAyAma krnaa| jaina sAdhu ke lie ina anAcIrNo kA tyAga karanA Avazyaka hai| bAraha bhAvanAe~ manuSya ke bAhya vyavahAra usake manobhAvo ke mUrtarUpa hote hai / ataeca sAdhanA ko sajIva banAne ke lie mana ko sAdhane kI anivArya AvazyakatA hai| mana ko sAdhane tathA zraddhA aura virakti kI sthiratA aura vRddhi ke lie jaina zAstroM me anuprekSApo kA vidhAna hai| puna. puna. cintana karanA anuprekSA hai| isake bAraha prakAra hai - 1 anitya bhAvanA-jagat kA pratyeka padArtha nAzazIla hai, anitya hai, vana, vaibhava, sattA parivAra Adi sava kSaNa bhagura hai| lakSmI sadhyAkAlIna lAlimA kI bhAti anitya hai / jIvana jala ke bulabule ke samAna hai, aura yauvana vAdala kI chAyA ke samAna hai / inake naSTa hone me vilamba nahI lagatA / ina anitya padArtho ke lie nitya aAnanda se vacita honA buddhimattA nahI hai / 2. azaraNa bhAvanA--vikarAla mRtyu ke paje me se koI kisI ko bacA nahIM sktaa| antima samaya me vizAla mainya, bala, dhana ke bhaNDAra aura vRhada parivAra kucha kAma nahIM aataa| ataeva kisI para bharosA karanA nAdAnI hai|

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cAritra aura nItizAstra 203 3 saMsAra bhAvanA isa bhAvanA me sasAra ke vAstavika svarUpa kA cintana kiyA jAtA hai / yathA sasAra me kyA rAjA, kyA raka, koI sukhI nahI hai / pratyeka ko kisI na kisI prakAra kA dukha satA rahA hai| sabhI samArI jIva janma-maraNa ke cakkara me paDe hai / Aja jo grAtmIya hai, agale jIvana me vahI parAyA vana jAtA hai / parAyA apanA ho jAtA hai / ataeva grapane parAye kA bhedabhAva kalpanA para nirbhara hai / na koI apanA hai, na parAyA hai / 4. ekatva bhAvanA--- jIva akelA hI janmatA, maratA aura sukha-dukha bhogatA hai / paraloka kI mahAyAtrA ke samaya koI kisI kA sAtha nahI detA / 5. anyatva bhAvanA - - jagat ke samasta padArtho se grAtmA ko bhinna mAnanA aura usa bhinnatA kA bAra-bAra cintana karanA, anyatvabhAvanA hai / 6. azucibhAvanA -- zarIra sambandhI moha ko naSTa karane ke lie zarIra kI zucitA pAvanatA kA punaH puna cintana karanA vairAgyavRddhi ke lie atyanta upayogI hotA hai / 7. Asrava bhAvanA - dukho ke kAraNoM para vicAra karanA grasravabhAvanA hai / dukho kA kAraNa karmabandha hai / karmoM kA bandha kina kina kAraNo se hotA hai ? rAga, dveSa, ajJAna, moha, hisA, asatya, asantoSa, pramAda, kaSAya Adi kisa prakAra AtmA ko karmoM se lipta kara dete hai ? ityAdi cintana grAsava bhAvanA hai / 8. saMvara bhAvanA - dukho ke eva karmavandha ke kAraNo kA kisa prakAra nirodha kiyA jA sakatA hai / yaha cintana karanA savarabhAvanA hai / 9. nirjarA bhAvanA- jo karma pahale bandha cuke haiM, unheM kisa prakAra naSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai, isa prakAra kA cintana karanA nirjarA bhAvanA hai| 10. lokabhAvanA -- noka ke puruSAkAra svarUpa kA cintana karanA, lokabhAvanA hai / 11. vodhidurlabha bhAvanA - jisase AtmA kA utthAna hotA hai, jiname sAra prasAra kA viveka prApta hotA hai aura jisake prabhAva se grAtmA mukti prApta karane meM samartha banatA hai, vaha jJAna bodhi kahalAtA hai / usakI durlabhatA kA vicAra karanA bodhidurlabha bhAvanA hai / 12 dharmabhAvanA -- dharma ke svarUpa kA aura usakI mahimA kA cintana karanA dharmabhAvanA hai /

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204 jaina dharma cAra bhAvanA ina vAraha bhAvanAo ke atirikta sAdhaka ke jIvana ko unnati ke zikhara kI ora le jAne ke lie cAra bhAvanAe aura hai-maitrI, pramoda, karuNA, aura madhyastha | 1. maitrI - bhAvanA - jaba taka sAdhaka ke antaHkaraNa meM prANImAtra ke prati maitrI kA bhAva vikamita nahI hotA, taba taka grahisA kA pAlana bhI nahI ho sakatA dUsaro ke prati grAtmIyatA ke bhAva kI sthApanA aura apanI taraha dUsaro ko dukhI na karane kI vRtti, athavA icchA, maMtrI kahalAtI hai| maMtrI bhAvanA kA vikAna hone para manuSya dUsare kA kaSTa dekhakara chaTapaTAne lagatA hai, aura unakA nivAraNa karane lie koI kasara nahI rakhatA hai / manuSya kI hRdaya bhUmikA jaba maitrIbhAva se musaskRta ho jAtI hai, tabhI usameM grahiMsA satya Adi ke paudhe panapate hai / unake grantakaraNa se anAyAsa hI yaha zabda phUTa paDate hai mitto me sabve bhUesu / vairaM majjhaM Na kegaI // isa bhUtala para basane vAle prANI, cAha ve manuSya ho pazu-pakSI ho athavA kITa-pataga hoM, mere mitra hai / koI merA zatru nahI hai / kyoki sasAra ke samasta prANiyo ke sAtha merA ananta ananta vAra grAtmIyatA kA sambandha ho cukA hai / isa prakAra kI maitrIbhAvanA kI paridhi jyo- jyo yar3hatI jAtI hai, grAtmA meM samabhAva kA vikAsa hotA calA jAtA hai aura rAga-dveSa kA bIja kSINa hotA jAtA hai / anta me manuSya ko aisI sthiti prApta hotI hai, jahAM jIva mAtra meM Atmadarzana hone lagatA hai / usa sthiti meM hisA yA para pIr3A ke lie koI avakAza nahI rahatA / 2. pramoda bhAvanA - guNI jano ko dekhakara granta karaNa meM ullAsa honA pramodabhAvanA hai| prAya. manuSya me eka mAnasika durbalatA dekhI jAtI hai / vaha yaha ki eka manuSya apane se Age baDhe hue manuSya ko dekhakara IrSyA karatA hai / yahI nahIM, kabhI-kabhI IrSyA se prerita hokara vaha use girAne kA bhI prayatna karatA hai | jaba taka isa pravRtti kA nAga na ho jAya, ahiMsA aura satya Adi Tika nahI makate / isa durvRtti ko naSTa karane ke lie pramodabhAvanA kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai /

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cAritra aura nItizAstra 205 3 kAruNya - bhAvanA - pIr3ita prANI ko dekhakara hRdaya meM anukampA honA pIr3A kA nivAraNa karane ke lie yathocita prayatna karanA karuNA bhAvanA hai / karuNA bhAvanA ke abhAva me ahisA yAdi vrata surakSita nahI raha sakate / mana me jaba karuNA bhAvanA sajIva ho uThatI hai to manuSya apane kisI vyavahAra athavA vicAra se kisI ko kaSTa nahI pahucA sakatA / yahI nahI, kisI dUsare nimitta se kapTa pAne vAle kI upekSA bhI vaha nahIM kara sakatA / 4. mavyasyabhAvanA -- jinase vicAro kA mela nahI khAtA athavA jo sarvathA saMskArahIna hai, kisI bhI prakAra kI savastu ko grahaNa karane ke yogya nahI hai, jo galata rAha para calA jA rahA hai aura sudhArane tathA sahI rAste para lAne kA prayatna saphala nahI ho rahA hai, usake prati upekSAbhAva rakhanA madhyastha bhAvanA hai / manuSya me prAya asahiSNutA kA bhAva dekhA jAtA hai / vaha apane virodhI yA virodha ko sahana nahI kara pAtA / matabheda ke sAtha mana-bheda hote dera nahI lagatI / kintu yaha bhI eka prakAra kI durbalatA hai / isa durbalatA ko dUra karane ke lie mAdhyasthabhAva jagAnA Avazyaka hai / isa bhAvanA se virodhI vicAra manuSya ko kSubdha nahI karatA aura usakA samabhAva surakSita banA rahatA hai / yaha cAra bhAvanAe Ananda kA nirmala nirjhara hai / manuSya kA jo grAntarika satApa zItala pavana, candana - lepa yA candramA kI ahlAdajanaka kiraNo se bhI zAnta nahI ho sakatA, use zAnta karatI hai| ina bhAvanAo se jIvana virAT aura samagra vanatA hai / jina prAdhyAtmika guNo ke vikAsa ke lie sAdhanA kA patha aMgIkAra kiyA jAtA hai unake vikAsa meM yaha upayogI siddha hotI hai / dazavidha dharma yadyapi jIva apane zuddha svarUpa ko prApta na kara sakane ke kAraNa janmamaraNa ke cakra me paDA hai, phira bhI svabhAva se vaha amaratva kA svAmI hai / maranA usakA svabhAva nahI hai / apane isa svabhAva ke prati avyakta AkarSaNa hone se hI jIva ko maranA aniSTa hai / anyAnya jIvadhAriyoM meM to viveka kA vikAsa nahI hai, magara manuSya vikasita prANI hai / usake sAmane bhaviSya kA citra rahatA hai / vaha jAnatA hai ki isa jIvana kA anta avazyambhAvI hai / ataeva vaha java zarIra se amara rahanA asambhava samajhatA hai, to kisI dUsare rUpa me zramara hone kA prayatna karatA hai / koI kIrti ko cirasthAyI banA kara amara rahanA cAhatA hai, koI santAna paramparA ke rUpa me apane nAma para vijayastambha banAnA, athavA

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206 jaina dharma dUsare smAraka khaDe karanA, yaha saba amara banane kI prAntarika preraNA kA hI / phala hai / magara kheda hai ki koI bhI bhautika padArtha manuSya kI isa abhilASA ko tRpta nahI kara sakatA / bhautika padArtha sava nAzagIla hai, aura jo svayaM nAgagIla hai, vaha dUsare ko amara kaise banA sakatA hai / hA, amaratva pradAna karane kI zakti hai karma me / jainazAstra kahate hai ki dagavidha dharma manuSya ko amara banAtA hai / isI kAraNa jaina sAdhugro ke lie inakA pAlana karanA Avazyaka batalAyA gayA hai / usakA saMkSipta svarUpa yaha hai 1 kSamA--kSamA ahisA dharma kA eka vibhAga hai| aparAdhI ko kSamA dene aura apane aparAdha ke lie kSamA yAcanA karane se jIvana divya vana jAtA hai| jainazAstra me sAdhu ke lie dRDhatApUrvaka kSamA yAcanA karane kA vidhAna hai / zAstra kahatA hai sAdhuno ! tumase kisI kA aparAdha ho gayA ho to sAre kAma choDa se aura saba se pahale kSamA mAgo / java taka kSamA na mAMga lo; bhojana mata karo, gauca mata karo aura svAdhyAya mata kro| kSamA yAcanA karane se pahale muha kA thUka gale na utaaro| tIrthakaro ke isa kaThora vidhAna kA pariNAma yaha hai ki na kevala jama meM hI varan zrAvaka me bhI, kSamAyAcanA kI paramparA aba taka akSuNNa rUpa se calI A rahI hai / ve pratidina, prati pakhavAr3e, prati caumAsI aura prativarSa khale hRdaya se apane aparAdhoM ke lie kSamAyAcanA karate hai| jaino kA sabase baDA dhArmika parva, jo pardUpaNa ke nAma se vikhyAta hai, kSamA yAcanA kA hI parva hai| usa samaya samasta jaina muni aura zrAvaka sabhI jIvo se apane se jJAta-ajJAta sabhI aparAdho ke lie vinamrabhAva se kSamA mAMgate hai / 2. mArdava--citta me komalatA aura vyavahAra meM namratA honA mArdava dharma hai| mArdava kI sAdhanA vinaya se hotI hai / jaina dharma me vinaya ko itanA mahatva diyA jAtA hai ki jaina-dharma vinayamUlaka dharma hI kahalAtA hai| zAstra kahate hai-"dhammassa viNo mUla / " arthAt dharma kI jaDa vinaya hai / mArdava dharma kI siddhi ke lie jAti, kula, dhana, vaibhava, sattA bala, buddhi 1. haribhadra sUri dvArA uddhRta, saMgrahaNI gAthA, samavAyAMga 10 samabhAva sthAnAMga sUtra /

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cAritra aura nItizAstra 207 zruti aura tapasyA Adi ke mada kA tyAga karanA Avazyaka hai| apane Apako UcI jAti aura ucca kula kA samajha kara dUsaro ke prati hInatA kA bhAva rakhatA isI prakAra dhana, vaibhava Adi ke ghamaNDa me Akara kisI ko tuccha samajhanA mada hai| sAdhu saba prakAra ke mado kA tyAga karake mArdava dharma kI ArAdhanA karate hai / 3 Arjava-RjutA athavA saralatA ko Arjava kahate hai| vicAra, vANI aura vyavahAra kI ekarUpatA hone para isa dharma kI sAdhanA hotI hai| isa kI sAdhanA ke lie kuTilatA kA tyAga karanA anivArya hai| Arjava dharma samAja meM pArasparika vizvAsa ke lie jitanA Avazyaka hai utanA hI buddhi kI nirmalatA ke lie bhI Arjava se nirmala banI huI buddhi vastu ke satya svarUpa ko grahaNa karane meM samartha hotI hai| kuTilatA ke tyAgI purupa ko kisI prakAra kA chala kapaTa prapaca nahIM karanA paDatA / usakA citta zAnta, kaluSatAhIna aura sarala rahatA hai / 4 zauca-lobha kA tyAga karanA zauca dharma hai| sAdhaka ke jIvana meM rahA huA tuccha padArtha kA lobhabhI anarthakAraka hotA hai, lobha se sabhI sadguNa napTa ho jAte hai / ataeva sAdhaka ko ziSya lobha, kItilobha, aura pratiSThA lobha se bhI dUra rahanA hotA hai / dhana-sampatti Adi bhautika padAtho kA lobha to use sparza kara hI nahI sktaa| 5. satya--pAca aNuvrato eva mahAvrato ke vivecana me satya ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai| mUla vrato me satya kI gaNanA karake bhI punaH daza dharmoM meM use sthAna denA , satya ke viziSTa mahatva kA bodhaka hai| jaina zAstro me baDe hI mArmika aura prabhAvazAlI zabdo me satya kI mahimA bakhAnI gaI hai| prazna vyAkaraNa zAstra meM kahA hai "jaM saccaM taM khu bhagavaM / " "arthAt satya hI bhagavAn hai / " isake pazcAt satya kA mahatva dikhalAte hue kahA hai--satya hI loka me sArabhUta vastu hai / vaha mahAsamudra se bhI adhika gambhIra hai, meru parvata se bhI adhika sthira hai / candra maNDala se bhI adhika saumya hai / sUrya maNDala se mI adhika tejasvI hai / zaratkAlIna AkAza se bhI adhika nirmala hai aura gandhamAdana parvata se bhI adhika saurabhavAna hai| 6. saMyama--manovRttiyo para, hRdaya meM utpanna hone vAlI kAmanAoM para indriyo para, akuza rakhanA sayama hai|

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208 jaina dharma pAzcAtya vicAradhArA se prerita kaI bhAratIya jana bhI Aja lAlasAno kI tRpti me jIvana kA utkarSa samajha baiThe haiM / icchAyo kA damana karanA ve pauruSahInatA kA cinha mAnate haiN| magara isa bhrAnta garaNA kA pariNAma hamAre sAmane hai / mAnava jAti kI AvazyakatAe dinodina baDhatI jA rahI hai, aura manuSya unakI pUrti kI mRgatRSNA me parezAna ho rahA hai| niraMkuza kAmanAo kI badaulala hI samAra nAnA prakAra ke saMgharSo kA akhADA bana rahA hai| koI nahI jAnatA ki manuSya kI kAmanA kisa kendra para jA thamegI aura kava manuSya kI parezAniyoM aura saMghoM kI itizrI hogI ? yaha jAnanA sambhava bhI nahIM hai / kyo "icchA hu AgAsa samA annNtiyaa|" jaise AkAza ananta hai, usI prakAra icchAeM bhI ananta haiM / eka icchA kI pUrti hone se pahale hI aneka navIna icchAno kA prAdurbhAva ho jAtA hai / spaSTa hai ki mana aura indriyo ko sayata kie binA aura lAlasAmro ko kAbU meM kie vinA, na vyakti ke jIvana me tuSTi pA sakatI hai, aura na samAja, rASTra yA vizva me hI zAnti sthApita ho sakatI hai| ataeva jaise prAdhyAtmika unnati ke lie sayama kI AvazyakatA hai, usI prakAra laukika samasyAoM ko sulajhAne ke lie bhI vaha anivArya hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra hamArA patha pradarzana karate hue kahate hai "kAme kamAhI, kamiyaM khudukkhaM / " / arthAt-~-agara tumane kAmanAo ko lAMgha liyA, to dukho ko bhI / lAMgha liyA / 7. tapa--jainadharma me tapa ko mahatvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai| tapasyA ke dvArA samasta kArya siddha hote hai, tapa asAdhAraNa magala hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane samaya me pracalita tapasyA ke sakIrNa rUpa kI vizAlatA pradAna kI hai, usa samaya me dhUnI tapanA, kATo para leTanA, garmI ke dino me dhUpa meM khaDA ho jAnA, gIta me jalAgaya me praveza karanA Adi kAyaklega hI prAyaH tapa samajhA jAtA thaa| para jaina-dRSTi sakucita aura vahirmukhI nahI hai| unake anusAra AtmA ke guNo kA popaNa karane vAlA tapa hI vAstavika tapa hai| isa kAraNa jainazAstro me tapa ke do vibhAga kara die gae hai-vAhya aura Abhyantara / upavAsa karanA, kama khAnA, amuka rasa athavA amuka vastu kA tyAga kara denA Adi bAhya tapa hai, aura apanI bhUlo eva apane aparAdho ke lie prAyazcita karanA,

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cAritra aura nItizAstra 209 gurujano kA vinaya karanA, sevA karanA, svAdhyAya karanA aura utsarga (tyAga) karanA antaraga tapa hai| 8. tyAga-~-aprApta bhogo kI icchA na karanA aura prApta bhogo se vimukha ho jAnA, tyAga hai / jIvana me sacce tyAga kA jaba AvirbhAva hotA hai, taba manuSya kama se kama sAdhana-mAmagrI se bhI santuSTa eva Anandamaya rahatA hai| bhoga-lolupa vyakti pracura mAmagrI pAkara bhI santoSa kA anubhava nahIM kara sakatA / vyaktiyoM ke jIvana meM tyAga-bhAva jAgRta karane se anAvazyaka vastupro kA magraha nahIM kiyA jAtA, pariNAmata dUsare loga uname vacita nahIM hote, aura vipamatA phailane se rukatI hai| 9 kicanatA--kimI bhI vastu para mamatva na honA, kisI bhI padArtha ko apanA na samajhanA, aura phUTI kauDI bhI apane adhikAra meM na rakhanA akiMcanatA hai / mamatva samasta dukho kA mUla hai| java para-padArtha ko apanA mAnA jAtA hai to usake vinAza yA viyoga se dukha hotA hai| jo kisI bhI padArtha ko apanA nahI mAnatA, use dukha hI kyA ? du kha kA mUla mamatA aura sukha kA mUla samatA hai| 10. brahmacarya--gava prakAra ke viSayavikAra se dUra rahakara brahma arthAta prAtmA me vihAra karanA brahmacarya haiM / vrato ke prakaraNa meM isakA vicAra kiyA jA cukA hai| ina daza dharmoM kA pAlana karanA muniyo ke lie paramAvazyaka hai / zrAvako ko bhI apanI zakti ke anusAra pAlana karanA caahie| vyakti aura samaSTi kI zakti ke lie yaha dharma kitane Avazyaka ha, yaha vAta ina para vicAra karane me gahana samajhI jAtI hai| nintho ke prakAra prAtmA anAdikAla se vikAragrasta calA A rahA hai| dIrghakAlIna maskAro me Upara uThanA bhI kaThina hotA hai, anAdi kAlIna saskAro se sarvathA Upara uTha jAnA kitanA kaThina hai, yaha kalpanA kara lenA sarala hai / prayatna karatekarate aura nirantara sAvadhAna rahate-rahate bhI bhUtakAlIna saskAra kabhI-kabhI ubhara 1 manusmRti aura viSNupurANa meM bhI yati dharma ke daza bhedo ke nAma ne inakA varNana kiyA gayA hai| yati zabda se zramaNa dharmo kA hI bodha hotA hai|

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jaina dharma pAte hai aura isa kAraNa sAdhu jIvana kI sAdhanA me taratamatA honA anivArya hai / isa tAratamya ko lekara jainazAstro meM nirgrantha zramaNo kA aneka prakAra se vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| unameM se yahA zramaNo ke pAca bhedo kA ullekha kara denA ucita pratIta hotA hai / ve pAca' prakAra ke zramaNa-nirgrantha yaha hai--- 1 pulAkanirgrantha--gehU kI phasala kATa kara usakA Dhera kiyA jAtA hai, to usame dAne kama aura itara bhAga adhika hotA hai, usI prakAra jisa nirgrantha me guNo kI apekSA doSo kI mAtrA adhika vidyamAna hai, vaha pulAka kahalAtA hai| 2 bakuzanimrantha--gehU kI kaTI huI putrAla ko alaga kara diyA jAya, aura bAle-bAle alaga chATa lI jAye, to ghAsa apekSAkRta thor3A raha jAtA hai, phira bhI dAno se adhika hI hotA hai / isI prakAra jisa nirgrantha me pulAka kI apekSA adhika guNa hai / phira bhI doSoM kI apekSA guNo kI mAtrA adhika nahI baTa sakI, vaha bakuganimrantha kahalAtA hai| 3 kuzIlanirgrantha---kaSAyakuzIla nirgrantho me do zreNiyA hotI hai kapAya kuzIla aura pratisevanA kuzIla / kapAyakuzIla nirgrantha sayama pAlatA hai, zAnAbhyAsa karatA hai aura yathAzakti tapasyA karatA hai, phira bhI usake anta karaNa me kapAya umaDa AtA hai| kapAya ko dabAne kA prayatna karane para bhI vaha pUrA saphala nahIM hotaa| vaha kaTuka vacana aura nindA sunakara kruddha ho jAtA hai| Atma pragasA sunakara abhimAna karatA hai aura zipya tathA sUtra ke lobha se chaTakArA nahI paataa| pratisevanA kuzIla nirgrantha--pratisevanA kuzIla nigrantha jJAna kI samyak prakAra se ArAdhanA nahIM karatA, darzana kA virAdhaka hotA hai aura cAritra kA tathA liga kI virAdhakatA kA bhI usame dopa ho sakatA hai, aura vaha tapAdi kA niyANA bhI kara letA hai isI lie use pratisevanA kugIla kahate hai| 5 nirgrantha--nirgrantha jo apanI sAvanA ke antima zikhara para pahucane hI vAle hai, jo larvana-sarvadarNI vanane hI vAle hai, ve sAdhu nirgrantha kahalAte hai / 1. paMca piyaMThA paNNattA-pulAe, vause, kusale, NiyaMThe siNAe, bhagavatI za0 25, u06|

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cAritra aura nItizAstra 211 5. snAtakanimrantha--jinakI sAdhanA phalita ho cukI hai, jo samasta Atmika vikAro ko naSTa karake vItarAga, sarvajJa, sarvadarzI ho cuke hai, jinhe jIvanmukta dazA prApta ho cukI hai, ve arihanta snAtakanimrantha kahalAte hai| prAvazyaka kriyA ____ cAhe aNuvratI sAdhaka ho, cAhe mahAnatI, use apanI sAdhanA ko agrasara karane ke lie nitya nayI sphati, aura preraNA milanI caahie| isase sAdhanA pIche na haTa kara Age baDhatI jAtI hai| isa uddezya kI pUrti ke lie jainagAstro me kucha nityakRtyo kA vidhAna hai| jinhe zrAvaka aura sAdhu dono karate hai / vaha nityakRtya chaha hai / vaha itane Avazyaka mAne gaye hai ki jainazAstro me unhe Avazyaka nAma me hI abhihita kiyA gayA hai| unakA digdarzana yo hai-- 1 sAmAyika-- rAga-dvapamaya vicAro se cittavRtti ko pRthak karake madhyastha bhAva me rahanA sAmAyika hai| samasta pApamaya kriyAno kA tyAga karake do ghaDI paryanta samabhAva ke sarovara me avagAhana karanA zrAvaka kI sAmAyika kriyA hai| sAdhu kI sAmAyika jIvana paryanta rahatI hai| kyoki sAdhu sadaiva samabhAva me ramaNa karate hai| 2 stavana--tIrthakaro ke guNo kA kIrtana karanA / tIrthakara deva Adarza mahApurupa hai| jinhone Atmazuddhi kA carama rUpa hamAre sAmane prastuta kiyA hai / unake guNo ke kIrtana se, kIrtana karane vAle ko apane nija ke svAbhAvika guNo kA paricaya eva smaraNa hotA hai / una guNo ko prApta karane kI preraNA milatI hai aura dRSTi nirmala hotI hai / 3 vandanA---pUjanIya puspo ke prati mana, vacana, kAya ke dvArA prAdara prakaTa karanA vandanA hai / pAca parameSThI pUjanIya hai| 4. pratikramaNa--pratikramaNa zabda kA artha hai--pIche phiranA, loTanA / tAtparya yaha hai ki pramAda ke kAraNa zubha sakalpa se vicalita hokara azubha sakalpa me cale jAne para puna zubha sakalpa kI pora AnA pratikramaNa kahalAtA hai / isa Avazyaka kriyA me agIkAra kie hue vrato me truTiyA, bhUle ho gaI ho, unakA cintana karake pazcAttApa kiyA jAtA hai| 1 Avazyaka sUtra /

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212 jaina dharma sAdhu aura zrAvaka ke vrata pRthak-pRthak hai, ataeva dono kA pratikramaNa bhI bhinna-bhinna hai / pratikramaNa ke pAca bheda hai- 1 daivasika, 2 rAtrika, 3. pAkSika, 4 caturmAsika aura 5. sAvatsarika / dina bhara meM hue dopo kA sadhyAsamaya cintana karanA ( pratikramaNa karanA) daivasika aura rAtri sabadhI doSo kA prAta kAla cintana karanA rAtrika pratikramaNa kahalAtA hai / pandraha dina ke doSo kA cintana karanA pAkSika, cAra mAsa ke doSo kA cintana karanA cAturmAsika aura varSa bhara ke doSo kA pratikramaNa karanA, sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa hai / daivasika aura rAtrika pratikramaNa pratidina sandhyA aura prAta samaya kie jAte hai | pAkSika pratikramaNa pUrNimA aura amAvasyA ke dina sadhyAsamaya, cAturmAsika pADhI, kArtikI aura phAlgunI pUrNimA ko tathA sAvatsarika pratikramaNa bhAdrapada mAsa me paryUSaNa parva ke antima dina kiyA jAtA hai / 5 kAyotsarga -- zarIra sambandhI mamatva ko haTAne kA abhyAsa karanA kAyotsarga zrAvazyaka hai / isase dehAdhyAsa haTatA hai, aura samabhAva kA vikAsa hotA hai / 6 pratyAkhyAna -- icchAo kA nirodha karane ke lie pratyAkhyAna (tyAga) kiyA jAtA hai / AhAra, vastra, dhana Adi bAhya padArtho kA tyAga karanA, dravyapratyAkhyAna aura rAga-dveSa, grajJAna, mithyAtva Adi kA tyAga karanA bhAva pratyAkhyAna hai / sAdhanA kI kaThoratA jaina zramaNa kI AcAra paddhati sasAra me muktisAdhanA kI kaThoratama praNAlI hai| kezalucana, bhUmizayyA, paidala vihAra, aniyata vAsa arthAta varSAkAla ko chor3a kara grAma nagara me eka mAsa grathavA sAta dina se adhika na ThaharanA, phUTI kauDI bhI pAsa meM na rakhanA, sAtha hI indriyo para vijaya prApta karane ke lie satata jAgRta rahanA, antaHkaraNa me kalupatA na Ane denA, bhUkha-pyAsa sardI-garmI DAsa-macchara kA darzana Adi ke kaSTo ko dhairya ke sAtha sahana karanA, hamezA hareka vastu yAcana karake hI grahaNa karanA, zrAhAra-pAnI kA lAbha na hone para

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bhArina aura nItizAstra 213 viSAda na karake ume tapasyA kA lAbha mAna lenA Adi aisI caryA hai, jisake lie jIvana ko eka khAsa taraha ke sAye me DhAlane kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| sAdhanA kA AdhAra iname pahale mAdhu-jIvana kI caryA kA jo ullekha kiyA gayA hai, usase pAThaka ko yaha syAla avazya A jAegA ki jaina-sAdhu vairAgya aura tyAga kI mAkSAt pratimA hotA hai| uma ke tyAga-vairAgya kA AdhAra kyA hai ? yaha prazna baDA ho sakatA hai| isa kA uttara zAstro meM diyA gayA hai| dAstava me ima ugra sAdhanA kA uddezya Atma-zuddhi hai / yAtmA ananta jAna, ananta darzana, amIma aAnanda aura virAT cetanA kA dhanI hokara bhI karma upAdhi ke kAraNa sAsArika duHkha kA bhAjana bana rahA hai| karma kI upAdhi isa sAdhanA ke vinA naSTa nahI ho sktii| isI kAraNa sAvu isa sAdhanA ko svecchApUrvaka agIkAra karatA hai| bairAgya kI kSaNika taraga me baha kara sAdhu bana jAne se kAma nahI cltaa| aimA karane vAlA vyakti na idhara kA aura na udhara kA hI rahatA hai, aise asthiracitta logo ko sAvadhAna karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai-"tU jisa zraddhA ke sAtha ghara choDakara nikalA hai, jIvana ke antima zvAsa taka usI zraddhA kA nirvAha kr|" jisa zraddhA aura viramita se prerita hokara manuSya zramaNatva agIkAra karatA hai, jIvana-paryanta usako sthAyI banAe rakhanA sAdhAraNa bAta nahI / usake lie zramaNa ko kSaNa bhara kA bhI pramAda na karake nirantara jAgRta rahanA par3atA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai suttA amuNI, muNiNo sayA jAgaraMti, aacaaraag| "jo pramAda me paDa jAtA hai, vaha munitva se cyuta ho jAtA hai, ataeva manijana sadaiva jAgate rahate hai|" satata jAgRti ko banAe rakhane ke lie jainazAstro me sAdhuno ke lie vividha upAyo kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| jinakA nistAra-bhaya se yahA ullekha nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai|

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214 jaina dharma mRtyukalA (saMlekhanAvata) janadRSTi ke anusAra dharma eka kalA hai aura dharmakalA kA sthAna samasta kalAyo meM sarvopari hai| "savvA kalA dhammakalA jigaI" arthAt dharmakalA saba kalA ko jItatI hai| dharmakalA jaise sarvocca hai, usI prakAra sarvavyApaka bhI hai| jaise jIvana ke pratyeka vyApAra me vaha prota-prota rahanI cAhie, usI prakAra mtyu meM bhI jagan ke sabhI dharmopadeSTAyo aura nItipraNetAno ne jIvana kI kalA kA rUpa mAnava jAti ke samakSa prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| magara mRtyu jo jIvana kA hI dUmaga pahalU yA anivArya pariNAma hai kI kalA kA sundara nidargana bhagavAn mahAvIra ne karAyA hai, jaisA anyatra kahI dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| mRtyu kI kalpanA bhI atyanta bhayAvaha hai| sabhavata saMmAra meM adhika me adhika bhayakara koI vastu hai, to vaha mauta hI hai / para bhagavAn mahAvIra jaise anUThe kalAkAra ne use bhI utkRSTa kalA kA rUpa pradAna kiyA hai| usa kalA kI sAdhanA meM saphalatA prApta kara lene vAlA sAvaka hI apanI sAdhanA meM uttIrNa samajhA jAtA hai| jIvana kalA kI sAdhanA ke pazcAt bhI mRtyukalA kI sAdhanA meM jo asaphala ho jAtA hai, vaha middhi me vacita hI raha jAtA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai-"matyu se bhayabhIta honA ajJAna kA phala hai / mRtyu koI vikarAla daitya nahIM hai / mRtyu manuSya kA mitra hai aura use jIvana bhara kI kaThina sAvanA ko satphala kI ora le jAtI hai / mRtyu sahAyaka na bane to manupya aihika dharmAnuSThAna kA pAralaukika phala-svarga aura mokSa-kaise prApta kara sakatA hai ?" __kArAgAra se manuSya ko mukta karane vAlA upakAraka hotA hai / to isa garIra ke kArAgAra se chur3A dene vAlI mRtyu ko kyo na upakAraka mAnA jaay| isa kRmikula se makula eva jarjara deha rUpI pijaDe se nikAlakara divya deha pradAna karane vAlI mRtyu se adhika upakAraka aura kauna ho sakatA hai ? vastuta. mRtyu koI kapTakara vyApAra nahIM varan TUTI-phUTI jhopaDI ko choTakara navIna makAna meM nivAsa karane ke samAna eka Anandaprada vyApAra hai / kintu anAna janita mamatA isa naphe ke vyApAra ko ghATe kA vyApAra banA detA hai, aura anAnI jIva ko apane parivAra aura bhogasAdhano ke vichoha kI kalpanA karake mRtyu ke mamaya hAya-hAya karatA hai, tadapatA hai, chaTapaTAtA haiM aura

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cAritra aura nItizAstra 215 yAkula-myAnula ho jAtA hai, parantu natvadanI pugpa anAsakta hone ke kAraNa madhyasvabhAva meM sthira rahatA hai aura jIvana bhara kI sAdhanA ke mandira para svarNakAlA caTA letA hai| vaha parama mAnna eva nirAkula bhAva se apanI jIvana yAtrA pUrI karatA hai. aura isa prakAra apane vartamAna ko hI nahIM, bhavipya ko mI magalamaya banA letA hai| gayana nIra dharma maryAdAyo meM Abaddha jIvana hI mokATa nIyana hai| maNayama kA kaThora gAdhanA me jIvana kI uddAma aura undra pala vRttiyoM kA niyantrita karanA bhayamI puspa ke lie Avazyaka hai| jaina dharma jIvana me palAyanavAdI nIti para vizvAsa nahIM rakhatA, apitu sayama aura natopa, gvAdhyAya aura nA viveva aura vairAgya dvArA igI jIvana meM AdhyAtmika yantiyoM kA vikAsa najapada pA lenA hI, yaha dhyeya siddhi mAnatA hai| jainadharma rahatA ki "jaba tapa jIyo, viveka aura mAnanda se jItro, dhyAna aura samAdhi kI nanmayatA meM jIyo, ajhiA aura satya ke pramAra ke lie jIro, aura jaba mRtyu Aye to prAtma-sAdhanA kI pUrNatA ke lie, punarjanma meM apane AdhyAtmika lakSyamiddhi ke lie ayavA mokSa ke lie, matyu kA bhI, samAdhipUrvaka varaNa kro| mRtyu ke Ane se mana kI ekAgratA, dhyAna tanmayatA tathA tadAkAratA kA Ananda lo| kintu jagat meM jIvana ko aicchika ipTa, priya aura mukhada samajhA gayA hai, aura mRtyu ko apriya, bhayAvaha, tayA aniSTakAraka mAnA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mRtyu ke samaya sAdhaka yadi moha kA tyAga na kara pAyA to jIvana kI sAdhanA para kAlinya puta jAtI hai aura dono janma varvAda ho jAte hai / bhagavAn ne mRtyu vijJAna ke vigada vivecana me mRtyu ke bhI 17 prakAra batAye hai ---- 1 prAvIcimaraNa kSaNa-kSaNa me AyukSaya hotI hai, yaha kSaNa-kSaNa kA maraNa hai, mRtyu / 2 tad bhavamaraNa zarIra kA anta, dehAnta ho jaanaa| 3 avabhi maraNa AyupUrNa hone para mRtyu kA honA / 4. pAdyantamaraNa dono bhavo me eka hI prakAra kI matyu kA honaa| 5 bAlamaraNa jJAnadarzana hIna hokara vipa-bhakSaNa Adi se mrnaa| 6 paNDita maraNa samAdhi bhAva ke sAtha deha tyAga krnaa| 7. zrArAna maraNa sayama puSTa hokara mrnaa| 8. vAlapaNDita maraNa - zrAvakapane me maraNa arthAt aNuvrata hI dhAraNa kara mrnaa|

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216 jana bama 9. sazalya maraNa paraloka kI suravAzA ke sAtha yA mana me kapaTa lekara mrnaa| 10. pramAda maraNa sakalpa vikalpa se mukta hokara jIvana tyAga krnaa| 11. vagAt matyu indriyAdhIna athavA kaSAyAdhIna hokara maranA 12. vipula maraNa sayamazIla vrata Adi pAlana meM asamarthatA dekha apavAta krnaa| 13. gadvapaSTha maraNa yuddha ke maidAna me laDate hue maranA / 14. bhaktapAna maraNa - vidhipUrvaka tyAga karake maranA / 15. igita maraNa samAdhipUrvaka mrnn| 16. pATopa gamana maraNa - sAhAra Adi tyAga kara vRkSa ke samAnanizcala / bhAva se mrnaa| 17. kevali maraNa - kevala jJAna ho jAne ke bAda nirvANa praapti| ina mRtyu ke bhedo me bAlapaNDita maraNa, paNDita maraNa tathA antima zeSa ke cAra maraNa, jainadharmAvukUla maraNa hai| jainadharma ne mRtyu ke samaya samAdhi maraNa ke nimitta abhyasta ho jAne ke lie sathArA, sallekhanA, tathA sastAraka-vistAra para sone ke samaya rAtri ko bhI sAgArI sathArA karane kA vidhAna kiyA hai| pratirAtri isa prakAra sathArA karane se samAdhi maraNa kI kalA kA jJAna bhI ho jAtA hai, aura akasmAt sote-sote hI matyu ho jAye to jagat ke moha kI pApa kriyA bhI nahIM lagatI / isa sathAre me antara itanA hI hotA hai ki yaha sAgArI sathArA kahalAtA hai, arthAt mokara uThane para, athavA roga zAnta ho jAne para, kaSTa vikala jAne para yaha niyama samApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| kyoki sathAre kI maryAdA lene para vyakti kA jagat kI athavA apanI hI kisI bhI upAdhi para adhikAra nahI rhtaa| mRtyu kalA me zikSA bhI yahI dI jAtI hai jisase marane ke samaya sAdhaka mamatva kA pUrNata tyAga kara ske| isI lie sabhI prakAra kI mRtyu me se samAvi maraNa ko hI zreSTha mAnA gayA hai / yaha vivekayukta samAdhimaraNa, paNDitamaraNa aura sakAmamaraNa bhI kahalAtA hai| prANAntakArI sakaTa, durbhikSa, jarA athavA asAdhya roga hone para, jaba jIvana kA rahanA saMbhava na pratIta ho, samAdhi maraNa agIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| jainagAstro meM samAdhi maraNa kA vistRta varNana hai| ise mRtyumahotsava kI bhAva pUrNa sajJA dI gaI hai aura aneka prakAra ke bheda-prameda karake imakA vizada varNana kiyA gayA hai|

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cAritra aura nItizAstra 217 mamAdhimaraNa agIkAra karane vAlA mahAsAdhaka saba prakAra kI moha-mamatA ko dUra karake zuddha AtmasvarUpa ke cintana me lIna hokara samaya yApana karatA hai| use pAca doSo se bacane ke lie satarka kiyA gayA hai - 1. ihalokAzamA aihika sukho kI kAmanA karanA / 2. paralokAgasA pAralaukika sukho kI kAmanA krnaa| 3. jIvitArAsA samAdhisaraNa ke samaya pUjA-pratiSThA hotI dekha kara adhika samaya taka jIvita rahane kI icchA krnaa| 4. maraNAzamA bhUkha, pyAma yA rogajanita vyAdhi se kAtara hokara jaldI marane kI icchA krnaa| 5. kAmabhogAzamA - indriyo ke bhogo kI AkAkSA krnaa| samAdhimaraNa lene vAle mahAtmA ko ina pA~ca doSo se bacanA cAhie, aura pUrNa samabhAva meM sthita hokara mamAdhimaraNa ke paramAnanda ko kaluSita nahI , karanA caahie| bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA nirdiSTa mRtyukalA kA yaha sakSipta digdarzana hai| dasa kalA kI upAsanA zrAvaka aura sAvu dono ko karanI caahie| 1 upAsakakzAka-sUtra, a0 1, bhagavatI, zataka 13, u08 pA0 30 /

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.....0000.00.0000... ....000.........0000... jambahIve NaM bhaMte ! dIve bhArahe vAse imIse osappiNIe devANu ppiyANaM kevatiyaM kAla titthe aNusajjissati ? goyamA ! jambaddIve bhArahe vAse imIse osappiNIe mamaM egavIsaM vAsasahassAI titthe aNusijjassati / -~-bhagavatI, za0 2, u0 8 / ..........................................0000 .00.0.000000............................. ___ "he bhaMte ! anhita bhagavata dvArA pravattita yaha dharma-tIrtha isa avasarpiNI kAla meM jambUdvIpa ke bhArata deza me kaba taka calegA?" "he gautama / merA dharma tIrtha isI avasarpiNI kAla me jambUdvIpa ke bhArata deza meM 21 hajAra varSa taka clegaa|" .........00.00000000000000........................ PARE jaina-dharma kI paramparA

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jaina dharma kI paramparA bhArata ke prAdhyAtmika nirmANa me jainAcAryoM kA yogadAna bhArata ke mAskRtika nirmANa meM jainAcAryoM kI kitanI mahattvapUrNa dena hai, ima savadha meM aba taka koI vyavasthita vicAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| kintu amadigdha rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainAcAryoM ne apane ucca koTi ke tyAgamaya aura mayamapUrNa jIvana aura upaDhego me bhArata kI saskRti ko bahuta prabhAvita kiyA hai| unakI dena anaThI hai| jaba ma pUrva, dakSiNa aura uttara ke antarmAnama kA sAkSAtkAra karanA cAhege, no hA~ calacitra kI bhaoNti jainAcAryoM kI bhavya jhAMkiyaoN dRSTigocara hogI, jinakA prabhAva aAja naka bhArata kI kalA aura jana-jana ke mAnasa para akSuNNa evaM vyApaka rUpa se par3A hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra se 170 varSa bAda utpanna hone vAle mahAn prAcArya bhadravAha ko kauna bhulA sakatA hai, jinhone apane yogavala se bhaviSya ko jAnakara magava kI janatA aura mamrATa candragupta ko dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa kA saketa kiyA thaa| unhI ke upadezo kA phala thA ki mamrAT candragupta unake mAtha dakSigayAtrA me gayA, bhikSa banA, aura anta me jainavidhi ke anusAra samAdhimaNa karake kRtakRtya ho gyaa| prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke dakSiNa pravAma ke pariNAma baDe dUragAmI, sthAyI prabhAva

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222 jaina dharma vAle, aura anogye siddha hue| isa pravAma ke phalasvarUpa magadha kA jaina saba do bhAgo me ba~Ta gyaa| isakA duSpariNAma digambara-zvetAmbara ke sampradAya bheda ke rUpa meM prakaTa hugrA, magara dUsarA mahattvapUrNa muphala yaha hayA ki unhone dakSiNa ke (kalana, hoyamela, gaga Adi) ke rAjadago para pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa me jainadharma aura ahigA kA jo prabhAva choDA, vaha pAryoM aura draviDo kI ekatA kA kAraNa banA / mahAn zrunadhara AcArya bhadrabAha pUrva aura uttara ke mavara mammilana kI prayama kaDI the| grArya mahAgiri aura Arya muhamnI ke giAya guNasundara ne samrAT samprati kI sahAyatA se bhArata ke vibhinna prAnto ke atirikta aphagAnistAna, yUnAna aura Igana grAdi egiyA ke samasta gapTro meM jaina dharma kA vyApaka pracAra kiyaa| mUtraya ga ke pratiSThApaka umAsvAti, bhArata ke mahAn dArganika middhamena divAkara ne jaina tarkazAstra ko vyavasthita rUpa pradAna kiyA aura prAcArya kundakunda ne AdhyAtmika gratho kI racanA karake aura svAmI mAmantabhadra ne tarkazAstra kI pratiSThA karake jaina sAhitya ko samRddha bnaayaa| jaba hama vikrama kI pahalI mahasrAbdI para dRSTi dauDAte hai, to sahasA ho aneko viniyA~ digvAI detI hai, jinhone mAhitya ke vividha ago ko puSTa karane me marAhanIya prayatna kiyA hai| devadhigaNIkSamAzramaNa, jinabhadragaNIkSamAzramaNa abhayadeva, haribhadra, gIlAka, dhanezvara mUri, kAlikAcArya, jinadAsa mahattara Adi aura dUsarI sahasrAbdI ke kalikAla sarvana hemacandrAcArya, vAdI deva mUrI, yagovijaya Adi ve prAcArya hai, jinhone dhArmika, rAjanItika, sAhityika tathA AdhyAtmika vicAro se dega ko sampanna banAyA hai| dUsarI tarapha prAcArya gaNadhara, bhUtavalI, puSpadanta,. kundakunda, pUjyavAda, pAtrakemarI, akalaka, vidyAnandI, siddhAntacakravartI nemicandra jinamena, anantavIrya, prabhAcandra Adi bhI hai jinhone dakSiNa aura uttara ko apanI pratibhA se prabhAvita kiyA hai| bhArata ke nirmANa me jainAcAryoM kA yogadAna yadyapi mukhyatayA AdhyAtmika rahA hai, tathApi gajarAta kA sAmrAjya kumArapAla ko ahiMsA kI dIkSA, tathA dakSiNa me vijaya nagara kI rAjya-vyavasthA me ahisA kI pratiSThA tathA vihAra aura mathurA pradezo me, ahimaka vAtAvaraNa utpanna karane me bhI inhI prAcAryoM kA yoga rahA hai / jaba taka bhAratavarSa me hisA aura bhUtadayA, nirAmipa bhojana, durvyasano ke prati vRNA, madyapAna evaM cAritrika nirbalatAgro ke viruddha jo mAhika bhAvanA dikhAI detI hai usake pIche jainAcAryoM kA pravala hAya rahA hai|

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jaina dharma kI paramparA jainAcAryo ne tathA jaina mAvo ne zrahiMsA, tapa, tyAga kI kasauTI para jo ujjvala svarUpa vizva ke sAmane rakhA hai, vaha grAja bhI bhArata ke lie gaurava kI vastu hai / 223 saurASTra meM grahimaka bhAvanA ko jo ullekhanIya prazraya milA hai, vaha jainAcAryoM kI hI dena hai / usakA phala aneka rUpo me hamAre sAmane grAyA / svAmI dayAnanda ne veDhI kA jo grahimAparaka artha kiyA aura mahAtmA gAdhI ne jo grahiMsAnIti grapanAI, usake pIche maurASTra kA ahiMsAmaya vAtAvaraNa hI kAraNa hai / gAdhI jI ko to jaina santa becara svAmI ne vilAyata jAne se pUrva madya, mAsa aura parastrIgamana kA tyAga karavAyA thA / kavi rAjacada bhAI ne unheM pUrNa grahimaka banA diyA / grAmamAra grahamA kI ora baDhane kI soca rahA hai / yaha prasannatA kI bAta haiM / kintu jaina magha ne himA se bharI vigata zatAbdiyoM meM grahimA kI jo divya jyoti jalAe rakkhI vaha usakI bhArata ko, vizva ko aura samasta mAnavatA ko saba se baDI dena haiM / rAjAoM kA yogadAna bhAratIya itihAsa kA gaharA grAloDana karane vAle kucha vidvAno kA mata hai ki brahmavidyA yA prAdhyAtmika jJAna kSatriyoM meM prAraMbha hokara brAhmaNo ke pAsa pahu~cA / jaina itihAsa isa grabhimata kI puSTi karatA hai / RSabhadeva se lekara mahAvIra paryanta cIvImo tIrthakaro kA janma rAjavazo me hI huyA thA / pratyeka tIrthakara ke kAla me granekAneka jaina rAjA bhI hue / cakravartI bhI hue, jinhone jainendrIya dIkSA dhAraNa kI, aura jainadharma ke pracAra aura prasAra meM yoga dAna diyA / una saba kA itihAsa grAja upalabdha nahI / tathApi bha0 mahAvIra ke samamAmayika aura unake paJcAdvartI kucha rAjAo kA ullekha kara denA granucita na hogA, jinhone jaina dharma kI prabhAvavRddhi meM yoga dekara grupane ko dhanya banAyA hai / ceTaka tathA anya rAjA -- rAjA ceTaka bhagavAn ke prathama zramaNopAsaka the / vaizAlI ke gratyanta prabhAvazAlI aura vIra rAjA the / vaha graThAraha dezo ke gaNarAjya ke adhyakSa the / unhone pratijJA kI thI ki maiM apanI kanyAe~ jaina ke sivAya kisI anya ko nahIM duuNgaa| nIti kI pratiSThA aura zaraNAgata kI rakSA ke lie ceTaka ko eka bAra magadharAja kUNika ke sAtha bhISaNa magrAma karanA paDA thA / sindhu sauvIra ke udayana, gravatI ke pradyota, kauzAmbI ke zatAnIka

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224 jaina dharma campA ke dadhivAhana, aura magadha ke zreNika rAjA, ceTaka ke dAmAda the| yaha mabhI rAjA jaina dharma ke anuyAyI the| rAjA udayana ne to bhagavAn ke nikaTa dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| zreNika aura kUNika-itihAsaprasiddha magadhAdhipati vimbasAra, jaina mAhitya me zreNika nAma se bhI prasiddha hai| unakI gAthAe~ jaina sAhitya me prasiddha hai| zreNika ke putra samrAT kUNika bhI bhagavAn ke parama bhakta the| kUNika ke putra udayana ne bhI jaina dharma kI hI garaNa gahI thii| kAzI-kaugala ke aThAraha licchavI, aura matlI rAjAno ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirvANa mahotsava manAyA thaa| isase pratIta hotA hai ki yaha saba rAjA jaina dharma se prabhAvita the| maurya samrATa candragupta--candragupta jainadharma ke anuyAyI the / bhadrabAhu svAmI ke nikaTa, muni dIkSA agIkAra karake maimUra (dakSiNa) gaye / zramaNa-belagolA kI guphA me aAtmasAdhanA kii| inake matrI cANakya bhI jainavarmI the aura jaina zrAvaka gaNI ke putra the| samrATa azoka---azoka candragupta ke pautra the| unhone ahisA kI jo sevA kI hai, vaha prasiddha hai| "arlI phetha Apha azoka" nAmaka pustaka ke anusAra azoka ne ahimA viSayaka jo niyama pracArita kiye, ve bauddho kI apekSA jaino ke sAtha adhika mela khAte the| pazu-pakSiyo ko na mArate, nirarthaka jagalo ko na kATane, aura viziSTa tithiyo eva parvadino meM jIvahimA bada rakhane Adi ke Adeza jaina dharma se milate hai| samrATa samprati--samprati azoka ke pautra the / yaha eka bAra yuddha me vijaya prApta karake khuzI-khuzI mAtA ke pAsa phuNce| dekhA, mAtA ke cehare para prasannatA ke badale, A~gyo me praoNmU hai| kAraNa pUchane para mAtA ne vanalAyA-- naramahAra karake prApta kI gaI vijaya, saccI vijaya nhiiN| saccI zAnti ahisA ke dvAga hI prApta kI jA sakatI hai| ityAdi upadeza suna kara mamprati ne prakhyAta jaina muni Arya suhastI me jainadharma agIkAra kiyaa| samrAT samprati ne anArya dezo meM jaina dharma ke pracAra ke uddezya me, jainadharmArAdhako ke lie dharmasthAno kI vyavasthA kanyAI thii| anArya prajA ke utthAna ke lie samprati ne mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA hai| unane dharmapracAraka bhejakara jainadharma kI zikSAeM pramArita kii| aneka vidvAnoM kA

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jaina dharma ko paramparA 225 mana hai ki yAja jo gilAca azoka ke nAma se prasiddha hai, sabhava hai ve samprati ke nikhavAre hue ho / / kaliMga cakravartI khAravela - impI san se pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI meM mahArAjA sAveta e / usa yuga kI rAjanoni me khAravela saba se adhika mahattvapUrNa vyakti the| unake samaya meM jainadharma kA va utkarSa huaa| unake prayAsa meM jaina sAdhugro tathA jaina vidvAnoM kA eka sammelana huA / jaina-maba ne unheM mahAvijayI memarAjA tathA mikSarAjA aura dharmarAjA kI bhI padavI pradAna kii| jainadharma ke pati kI gaI khAravela kI sevAeM bahumUlya hai / vaha pratyanta pratApI rAjA hue hai| kalacUrI aura kalabhravaMzI rAjA - klacUri rAjavaMza madhyaprAnta kA sabase vaDA rAjavA thA / sAThavI-nauvI zatAbdI meM usakA pravana nAma camaka rahA thA / isa vaMza ke rAjA jainayama ke kaTTara anuyAyI the / tripurI inakI gajavAnI thii| pro0rAsvAmI kA kathana hai ki inake varAja grAna bhI jaina kalAra ke nAma se nAgapura ke grAsanbhAga mojaDa hai / hoyasela vaMzI rAjA -- hAyamela vA ke aneka rAjA, zramAtya aura senApati jainayama ke anuyAyI the / mudatta murti isa vaza ke rAjaguru the| pahale yaha cAlukyo ke mANDanika the, para 1916 meM unhone svataMtra rAjya kI pratiSThA kI thI / gagavazI rAjAImA kI dUsarI sadI me gaga rAjAo ne dakSiNa pradeza meM apanA rAjya sthApita kiyaa| gyArahavI sadI taka ve vistRta bhUkhaNDa para zAsana karate rhe| yaha saba rAjA parama jaina the| isa vaga ke prathama rAjA mAnava the, jinhe koNI varmA bhI kahate hai / vaha jainAcArya minandi ke ziSya the / unake samaya me jainadharma, rAjadharma vana gayA thaa| isI vaga kA durvinIta rAjA prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa jainAcArya pUjyapAda kA ziSya thA / eka aura rAjA mArasiha ne aneka rAjAo para vijaya prApta karake, aizvaryapUrvaka rAjya karake anta me bhikSu kA pada agIkAra kiyA / jainAcArya jitasena me pAdamUla me samAdhimaraNapUrvaka Ayu pUrNa kii| zilAlekha ke AdhAra meM unakI mRtyu I0 sa0 975 meM huI / isa RNa kI mahilAe~ bhI jinendra deva kI mahAn upAsikAe~ thI / rAjA mAramiha dvitIya ke suyogya matrI cAmuNDarAya the / gArasiMha ke putra rAjamalla ke vaha pradhAnamaMtrI, aura menApati hue| vaha dRDha jainadharmAnuyAyI the / siddhAntacakravartI nemicandra cAmuNDarAya ke dharmaguru the / kanaDI bhASA me likhita " tripaThilakSaNa" mahApurANa unakI prabhitra racanA hai| inhI cAmuNDarAya ne zramaNa velagolA me, 1

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228 jaina dharma - macyA baDhatI ghaTatI rahI hai, kintu jaina dharma kI saritA kabhI mUmbI nahIM, vaha sanA se mAnava-jAti ko gAnti kA sadega detI rahI hai| janatA para aura rAjAno para jaina dharma kA bahuta baDA asara rahA hai| bhArata ke bar3e-bar3e samrAT jaina dharma ke dhvaja kI yA me AtmanirIkSaNa kA pATha paDhate rahe haiN| svaya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya me hI jaina dharma magadha' kA rAjya-dharma thaa| tAtkAlika bhArata ke 16 pramuva gajyo me jaina dharma bahuta tejasvI rahA thaa| bha0 mahAvIra ke mAmA kI pA~ca putriyo ne hI pA~ca rAjAno ko jaina dharma kI dIkSA dI thii| yadyapi mahAgajA ceTaka kI mAta putriyA~ thI, kintu iname me do to, brahmacAriNI hI rahI thii| maga ina pA~co me se prabhAvatI ne sindhu mauvIra ke samrAT udayana ko, givA ne avannIpati caNDapradyota ko, celaNA ne magadhAdhipati zreNika ko, mRgAvatI ne vatsapati gatAnIka ko aura padmAvatI ne agadega ke adhipati davivAhana ko jaina dharma ko ora unmukha kiyA thaa| usa samaya ke rAjAmro aura rAjakumAro rANiyo aura rAjakumAriyoM para zramaga mahAvIra kA itanA prabhAva thA ki kitane hI gajaputro aura rAjaputriyo ne mAdhu dharma kI dIkSA taka grahaNa kI thii| vaha jaina dharma kA svarNa yuga thA, cAro pora jai| dharma kI mAdhanA kA svara gUMja rahA thaa| gajyAzraya jainadharma ko pUrNatayA prApta thA kintu jaina dharma prAcAra kA dharma hai| use rAjyAzraya yA vyakti ke Azraya kI taDapa nahI hai usa samaya yadi rAjyastara para vidhAna ke nAte jaina dharma pracAronmukha banAyA jAtA no atyadhika vistRta ho jaataa| vintu jaina dharma lokaSaNA aura loka magrahapvRtti ko dhArmikatA ke lie anivArya garta nahIM mAnatA, phira bhI jainadharma kA pracAra bddhaa| saba me pahalI kSati jaina dharma ko ceTaka aura koNika ke vaivAli yuddha me haI, usame jaina dhama ke mAnane vAle 18 rAjAmro kA vinAga ho gayA, ceTaka kI parAjaya huI, aura, koNika vijita hone para bhI jaino kA glAni-pAtra bana gayA aura ata me vaha bauddha ho gyaa| phira do zatAbdI ke bAda jaina dharma kA varcasva gaptavaga ke rAjatva kAla me vnaa| mahAgajA magIka ke pautra mamprati ne to guru guNasundara kI prAjJA lekara jaina dharma ko vizva vistRta karane ke lie bahuta prayatna kiyA para mamprati ke pazcAt jaina dharma ke pramAra kI paramparA cala nahIM skii| yahI kAraNa hai ki usa samaya jaina dharma IrAna, aphagAnimnAna aura grIya grAdi samagra dego me phailaa| yahI nahIM apitu jaina dharma ne grIsa ke mahAn cintaka pAithegorasa ko "prArhana" dharma kI dIkSA dii| Aja bhI masAra meM 1 kaMboja, pAJcAla, kauzala, kAzI, vatsa, zrAvastI, vaizAlI, magadha, baga, kuzamthala aga, dhana phaTaka, AMdhra, kaliMga, avaMtI, minbusauvIra /

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jaina dharma kI paramparA 229 pAithegoriyana nAMgo kI kamI nhiiN| unake sidvAnta, unakI mAnyatAe jaina dharma meM granaprANina hai| digambara paTTAvaliyo me no pihitAzrava (pAithegorasa) nAma ke mata kA ullekha milatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra se 20 varSa pUrva pAithegorasa bhArata me pAye the, aura unhone bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke sAdhuno me jaina-dIkSA grahaNa kara grIsa me jaina dharma kA pracAra kiyA thaa| tatva aura middhAnta kI daSTi se jaina dharma grAja vizva-vyApI banA jA rahA hai kyoki vizva me sAmAjika, maiddhAntika, aura rAjanaitika netA-gaNa ahisA ko hI sarvazreSTha siddhAnta ke rUpa meM ravIkAra karate hai| Aja yuddha ke viruddha zAntivAdiyoM kA morcA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke usa kathana ke anamAra bana rahA hai jisame unhone kahA thA ki --- "mA haNo, mA haNo" (mata hiMsA karo, mata hiMsA karo) kA upadeza dene kI bhI preraNA dI thii| janavamaM eka vicAradhAga he jo mAmAjika niyamo va vyAvahArika gambandho ko parivartana karanA dhama ke liye anAvazyaka gamajhatA hai| jaina dharma na to kisI kI bhApA parivartita karanA cAhatA hai, na kimI kI vivAha gaddhati meM hastakSepa karanA cAhatA hai, aura na hI rAjya tathA bhotika samRddhi para usane kabhI vizvAma kiyA hai, vaha no mAnavatA ke jAgaraNa, vikAroM ke niyatraNa aura Atmadarzana kA sadeza vizva meM phailAnA cAhatA hai| ye sabhI samrATa' svaya zuddhAcaragI the, inake zAsanakAla me niraparAdha prANiyo kI hatyA banda rahI hai, loga mukhI aura samRddhizAlo the| sabhI apane-apane niyata kAryoM ko kiyA karate the, eka ko dUsare ke prati IrSyA yA Dhepa nahIM thA, U~canIca ke bhedo ko puNya-pApa kA phala samajhate the, isI lie pApa karma se haTa kara, guNya karma karane kA yathAgakti prayatna karate the| zAsaka kabhI kisI ke dharma yA sAmAjika niyama meM kisI prakAra kA hastakSepa nahIM karate the| prajA kI rakSA-vyavasthA ke lie bhUmi aura cuGgI kara ke atirikta koI kara nahIM lete the, vaha yA "surAjya" jise loga cAhate hai| dakSiNa bhArata me gagavazIya Adi jaina dharmAnuyAyI rAjAno ne maikaDo varSa taka niSkaTaka rAjya kiyA hai| cAmuNDarAya Adi vIro ne apanI zakti kA paricaya diyA hai| Aja bhI muDavikrI me rAjavaza ke uttarAdhikArI vidyamAna hai / 1. prasiddha jaina samrATo kI tAlikA pR0 230 para dekhie|

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-- krama / - - nAma samrATa nimbasAra m prajAtazatra = = m - - udayana mahApadma candragupta bindumAra azoka maurya w sh bhAratavarSa ke aitihAsika kSatriya jaina samrAT tathA bhUpati vaza | zAsana-kAla isnI pUna / kula varSa / rAjadhAnI vizepa vivaraNa zizunAga 543---461 / 52 / rAjagraha upanAma zreNika, bha0 mahAvIra ke momaa| 461-~~-456 pATalIputra | upanAma, koNi, buddha ke gama kaaliin| 456-413 sikandara bhArata me pAyA 323----- 322-168 bhArata praayaa| maurya 268-173 273-~-232 bhArata kA mahAn mamrAT gajya ke kevala cAra vA na rahA phira pAda bana gyaa| agotA kA pos| cadI 177-~152 liga kolaga nijaga kiyaa| man 78 IsvI bInda-mana meM do sampradAya hue| paramAra 375 ujjaina nInI yAnI phAhiyAna paayaa| paramAra nIno gAtI henagAga paayaa| rASTrakUTa tomara 1000-1050 zrAvasnI | gaigada gAlAra marAjA ko pada ga maaraa| cAlukya 1142----1173 mahinapura parihAra dilalI pAra me gahalo TAranavAlA jaina dharma is samprati khAravela kanika vikramAditya " AAM kannauja 750 amoghavarga sahila devarAya kumArapAla hem (hemarAja) . - - meenaweiomonam

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SREESS.Oncazose "jattA te bhaMse! avaNijjaM avvAyAhaM phAsugravihAraM ?" "somilA ! jattA vise, jayaNijjaM pi me avyavAhaM pi me phAsUyabihAraM pi me / , 000000coocooooooogeb -- bhagavatI, za0 18, 3010 1 "he bhate ! Apake dharma me yAtrA, yApanIya avyAvAdha praura vihAra hai nayA ?" ... " he somila, hai ! tapa, niyama, sayama, svAdhyAya, dhyAna aura Avazyaka Adi yogoM meM hamArI yatnA kI pravRtti hI hamArI yAtrA hai / " indriya aura kapAyo ko jItanA hI yApanIya hai / vAta, pitta, kapha aura sannipAta rogo kI upazAnti aura azubha karmo kA udaya meM nahI AnA hI avyAvAdha hai / udyAna, dharmazAlA, strI- pazu rahita zuddha Asana grahaNa karanA hI hamArA prAsuka vihAra hai / "he somila / sayama kI prApti dravya, naya aura nikSepa ke jJAna-vijJAna ke binA nahI ho sakatI / " yahI dharma kI vizeSatA hai / CODEC 08000....socccccpoisonspocop008Ecocoooo jaina-dharma kI vizeSatAe~

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jaina dharma kI vizeSatAe~ jaina dharma kI vaijJAnikatA--pichale prakaraNo me jaina dharma kI mAnyatAe~ makSepa meM batalAI jA cukI hai| dhyAnapUrvaka unhe paDhane se jaina dharma me, anya dharmoM kI apekSA jo vizepatAe~ hai, unakA AbhAsa mila sakatA hai| kintu unakI ora vigepa spase dhyAna AkarSita karane ke lie unakA pRthak ullekha kara denA hI ucita hogaa| tattva kA jAna tapasyA eva sAdhanA para nirbhara hai| satya kI upalabdhi itanI sarala nahIM hai ki anAyAsa hI vaha hAya laga jAya / jo niSThAvAn mAdhaka jitanI adhika tapasyA, grAra sAdhanA karatA hai, use utane hI guhya-tattva kI upalabdhi hotI hai| pUrvavartI tIrthakaro kI bAta choDa de aura carama tIrthakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke hI jIvana para dRSTipAta kare to spaSTa vidita hogA ki unakI tapasyA aura sAdhanA anupama aura asAdhAraNa thii| bha0 mahAvIra sADhe bAraha varSoM taka nirantara kaThora tapazcaryA karate rhe| usa asAdhAraNa tapazcaryA kA phala bhI unhe asAdhAraNa hI milaa| ve tatvabodha kI usa carama sImA kA sparza karane meM saphala ho sake, jise sAdhAraNa sAdhaka prApta nahI kara pAte / vAstava me jainadharma ke sidvAnto me pAI jAne vAlI khUviyA~ hI unakA rahasya hai / jaina mAnyatAe~ yadi vAstavikatA kI

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234 jaina dharma sudRDha nIva para avasthita aura vijJAnasammata hai to unakA rahasya bhagavAn mahAvIra kA tapojanya paripUrNa tattvajJAna hI hai| sRSTi racanA-udAharaNa ke lie sRSTi racanA ke hI prazna ko le lIjiye, jo dArzanika jagat me atyanta mahattvapUrNa AdhArabhUta hai| vizva me koI darzana yA mata na hogA, jisane isa gambhIra prazna kA uttara dene kA prayAsa na kiyA ho| kyA prAcIna, aura kyA navIna, sabhI darzana isa prazna para apanA dRSTikoNa prakaTa karate hai| magara vaijJAnika vikAsa ke isa yuga me uname adhikAza uttara kalpanAmAtra pratIta hote hai| isa mabadha me mahAtmA buddha vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai, jinhone binA kisI sakoca yA jhijhaka ke spaSTa kaha diyA ki loka kA prazna avyAkRta hai-anirNIta hai| isakA prAgaya yahI liyA jA sakatA hai ki loka-vyavasthA ke sababa me nirNayAtmaka rUpa se kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isa spaSTokti ke lie gautama buddha dhanyavAda ke pAtra hai, magara loka ke viSaya me hamAre anta karaNa me jijJAsA sahaja rUpa se udita hotI hai, usakI tRpti isa uttara se nahIM ho paatii| aura jaba hama jijJAsA tRpti ke lie isa vipaya ke vibhinna darzano ke uttara kI ora dhyAna dete hai, taba bhI nirAzA kA sAmanA karanA paDatA hai| sRSTi racanA ke vipaya me aneka prazna hamAre samakSa upasthita hote hai| prathama yaha ki sRSTi kA vidhivat nirmANa huA hai yA nahIM? agara nirmANa huA hai, to isakA nirmAtA kauna hai ? yadi nirmANa nahIM huA to sRSTi kahA~ se AI ? sRSTi-nirmANa se pahale kyA sthiti thI ? ina prazno para dArganika kabhI sahamata nahI ho ske| eka kahatA haisRSTi deva' ke dvArA utpanna kI gaI hai| to dUsarA kahatA hai---"brahma yA brahmA naM isakI racanA kI hai|' kisI kA mata hai ki Izvara isakA nirmAtA hai, aura kisI ke matAnusAra prakRti se sRSTi banI hai| koI svayabhU ko sRSTi kA kartA kahate hai| koI aDe se usakI utpatti batalAte hai| unakI mAnyatA ke anusAra yaha carAcara vizva, aDe se utpanna huA hai| jaba sasAra meM koI bhI vastu nahI thI taba brahmA ne pAnI me eka aDA utpanna kiyaa| bar3hate-baDhate vaha bIca me se phaTa gyaa| usake do bhAgo me se eka se Urdhva-loka kI aura dUsare se adholoka kI utpatti huii| 1. sUtra kRtAMga 30 zru0, bha0 1, u0 3 /

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jaina dharma ko vizeSatAeM koI svabhAva se vRSTi kI utpatti svIkAra karate hai, koI kAla se, koI niyani me aura koI yadRcchA se / nRSTi se pahale kauna-sA tattva thA, isa viSaya me bhI vibhinna darzano me marnakya nahIM hai| kisI ke mantavya ke anusAra sRSTi se pahale jagat asat thA"asahA idamana grAsIt / " dUsare kahate hai-"sadeva somyedamana grAsIt" arthAt he saumya / jagat mRSTi se pahale sat thaa| kisI kA kahanA hai--"AkAzaH parAyaNam" arthAt sRSTi se pUrva AkAza-tattva vidyamAna thaa| koI isa mantavya ke viruddha kahate hai :-- ___ "nayeha kiJcanAgra AsIt / " "mRtyunavedamAvatamAsIt" sRSTi se pahale kucha bhI nahI yA, sabhI kucha mRtyu se vyApta thA, arthAt pralaya ke samaya naSTa ho cukA thaa| abhiprAya yaha hai ki jaise sRSTi-racanA ke sabadha me aneka mAnyatAe~ hai, usI prakAra supTipUrva kI sthiti ke sabadha me bhI paraspara viruddha mantavya hamAre samakSa upasthita hai| __ sRSTiprakriyA sababI ina paraspara viruddha mantavyo kI AlocanA jainadarzana me vistArapUrvaka kI gayI hai| use yahA~ prastuta karane kA avakAza nahI / tathApi yaha samajhane meM koI kaThinAI nahI ho sakatI ki ina kalpanAo ke pIche koI vaijJAnika AdhAra nahI hai| yadi sRSTi se pUrva jagat sat mAna liyA jAya to usake naye sire se nirmANa kA prazna hI upasthita nahIM hotaa| jo sat hai vaha to hai hii| yadi sRSTi se pUrva jagat ekAnta asat thA aura asat se jagat kI utpatti mAnI jAye to zUnya se vastu kA prAdurbhAva svIkAra karanA paDegA, jo tarka aura buddhi se asagata hai| isI prakAra sRSTinirmANa kI prakriyA bhI tarkasaMgata nahI hai| isa viSaya me jaina dharma kI mAnyatA dhyAna dene yogya hai| jaina dharma ke anusAra jar3a aura cetana kA samUha yaha loka sAmAnya rUpa se nitya aura vizeSa rUpa se anitya hai| jaDa aura cetana me aneka kAraNo se vividha prakAra ke rUpAntara hote rahate hai| eka jaDa padArtha jaba dUsare jaDa padArtha ke sAtha milatA hai taba dono meM rUpAntara hotA hai, isI prakAra jaDa ke samparka se cetana me bhI rUpAntara hotA rahatA hai| rUpAntara kI isa avirAma paramparA me bhI hama mUla vastu kI sattA kA anugama spaSTa dekhate hai| isa anugama kI apekSA se jaDa aura cetanA anAdikAlIna hai, aura ananta

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236 ___., jaina dharma kAla taka sthira rahane vAle hai| gat kA zUnya rUpa me pariNamana nahI ho sakatA, aura zUnya se kabhI sat kA prAdurbhAva yA utpAda nahI ho sakatA hai| / paryAya kI dRSTi se vastuo kA utpAda aura vinAga avazya hotA hai / / parantu usake lie deva, brahma, Izvara yA svayabhu kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, ataeva na to jagat kA kabhI marjana hotA hai, na pralaya hI hotA hai / ataeva loka nAzvata hai| prANIzAstra ke vizepaja mAne jAne vAle zrI je0 bI0 esa0 hAlDena kA mata hai ki ----"mere vicAra me jagat kI koI Adi nahI hai| sRSTivipayaka yaha siddhAnta akATya hai, aura vijJAna kA carama vikAsa bhI kabhI isakA virodha nahIM kara sktaa|" pRthvI kA AdhAra-prAcIna kAla ke dArzaniko ke sAmane eka jaTila samasyA aura khaDI rahI hai| vaha hai isa bhUtala ke TikAva ke sabadha meM, yaha pRthvI krima AdhAra para TikI hai| isa prazna kA uttara aneka manIpiyo ne aneka prakAra me diyA hai| kisI ne kahA-"yaha gepanAga ke phaNa para TikI hai| koI kahate hai, "kachue kI pITha para ThaharI huI hai", to kisI ke mata ke anusAra "varAha kI dADha pr|" ina saba kalpanAlo ke lie grAja koI sthAna nahIM raha gayA hai| __ jainAgamo kI mAnyatA isa savadha meM bhI vaijJAnika hai| isa pRthvI ke nIce banodadhi (jamA huA pAnI) hai. usake nIce tanu-bAta hai aura tanuvAyu ke nIce prAkAga hai| grAkAza svapratiSThita hai, usake lie kisI grAdhAra kI AvazyakatA nahI hai| __ lokasthiti ke isa svarUpa ko samajhAne ke lie eka bar3A hI sundara udAharaNa diyA gayA hai| koI puruSa camaDe kI magaka ko vAyu bhara kara, phulA de aura phira magaka kA muMha majabUtI ke sAtha vA~va de| phira mazaka ke madhya bhAga ko bhI eka raspI se kasa kara bAMdha de| isa prakAra karane se magaka kI pavana do bhAgo me vibhakta ho jAyegI aura mazaka DugaDugI jaisI dikhAI dene lgegii| tatpazcAt mazaka kA muMha khola kara UparI bhAga kA pavana nikAla diyA jAya aura usake sthAna para pAnI bhara kara puna magaka kA muMha kasa diyA jAya, phira bIca kA bandhana khola diyA jAya, aisA karane para magaka ke UparI bhAga me bharA huA jala Upara hI TikA rahegA, vAyu ke AdhAra para ThaharA rahegA, nIce nahI jAegA, kyoki mazaka ke UparI bhAga me bhane pAnI ke lie vAyu prAdhAra rUpa hai| isI prakAra vAyu ke aAdhAra para pRthvI Adi Thahara hue hai| bhagavatI mUtra za0 1, u0 6 /

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jaina dharma kI vizeSatAe~ 237 sthAvarajIva-jaina dharma vanaspati pRthvI, jala, vAya aura teja me caitanya gakti svIkAra karake unheM sthAvara jIva mAnatA hai| zrI jagadIzacandra vasu ne apane vaijJAnika parIkSaNo hAga banampati kI majIvatA pramANita kara dI hai| usake pazcAt vijJAna pathvI kI jIvatvazakti ko svIkAra karane kI ora agrasara ho rahA hai| vivyAta bhagarbha vaijJAnika zrI phrAsima ne apanI dazavIya bhUgarbhayAtrA ke mammaraNa likhate hue Ten years under earth nAmaka pustaka meM liyA hai ki.--- "maiMne apanI ina vivina yAtrAmo ke daugana me pRthvI ke aise-aise svarUpa de hai jo Adhanika padArthavijJAna meM virodhI the| ve svarUpa vartamAna vaijJAnika mRnizcina niyamo dvAga samajhAye nahIM jA skte|" isake pazcAt ve apane hRdaya ke bhAva ko abhivyakta karate hue kahate hai--- "no prAcIna vidvAno ne pRthvI meM jIvatvazakti kI jo kalpanA kI thI, vyA vaha satya hai ?" zrI-phrAminna bhUgabha mavavo anvepaNa kara rahe haiN| eka dina vaijJAnika jagat pRthvI kI najIvatA svIkRta kara legA, aimI pAgA kI jA sakatI hai| jaina dharma ke anusAra pratyeka prAtmA me ananta jJAnazakti vidyamAna hai, parantu jaba taka vaha karma dvArA grAcchAdita hai, taba taka apane amalI svarUpa meM prakaTa nahA ho paatii| jaba koI sabala prAtmA prAvaraNo ko ni zeSa kara detI hai, to bhUta pAra bhaviSya vartamAna kI bhaoNti mApha dikhAI dene lagate haiM / suprasiddha manovaijJAnika DA0 je0 bI0 rAina ne anveSaNa karake aneka aAzcaryajanaka tathya ghopita kiye hai| una tathyo ko bhautikavAda ke pakSagAnI vaijJAnika svIkAra karane me hicaka rahe hai, magara unhe amAnya bhI nahI kara sakate hai| eka dina ve tathya antima rUpa meM svIkAra kiye jAyege, aura usa dina vijJAna prAtmA tathA sampUrNa jJAna (kevala jAna) kI jaina mAnyatA para apanI svIkRti kI mohara lgaaegaa| lokottara jJAna--dhyAna aura yoga jaina-sAdhanA ke pradhAna aga hai / jaina dharma kI mAnyatA ke anusAra dhyAna aura yoga ke dvArA vismayajanaka AdhyAtmika gaktiyo kI abhivyakti kI jA sakatI hai| Adhunika vijJAna bhI isa mAnyatA ko svIkAra karane ke lie agrasara huaA hai| isa sabadha me prasiddha vidvAn DA0 grevAlTara kI The leaving brain nAmaka pustaka paThanIya hai| ve kahate hai -

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238 jaina dharma bhanekAnta dRSTi darzana zAstra kA uddezya zuddha sodha kI upalabdhi aura usake dvArA samasta badhano se vimukti pAnA hai| manuSya kA antima lakSya mukti hai, kyoki mukti ke vinA zAzvata bAnti kI prApti nahI ho sktii| bova mukti kA sAdhana hai, magara yaha bhI smaraNIya hai ki vaha duvArI khaDga hai / jAna ke sAtha agara namratA hai, udAratA hai, nippakSatA hai, sAtvika jijJAsA hai, sahiSNutA hai, to hI jAna, AtmavikAsa kA mAdhana banatA hai| isake viparIta jAna ke sAtha yadi uddaDatA, sakIrNatA, pakSapAna eva amahiSNutA utpanna ho jAtI hai to vaha adha patana kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| mAnavIya dAbalya se utpanna yaha avAchanIya vRttiyA~ amRta ko bhI viSa banA detI hai|" jainadharma ne usa kalA kA prAviSkAra kiyA hai, jo jAna ko vipAkta banane se rokatI hai| vaha kalA jAna ko satya, giva, aura sundara banAtI hai, uma kalA ko jainadarzana ne anekAntadapTi kA nAma diyA hai, jisakA nirUpaNa pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| yaha dRSTi pararapara virodhI vAdo kA sAdhAra samanvaya karane vAlI, paripUrNa satya kI pratiSThA karane vAlI aura buddhi me udAratA, namratA, mahiSNutA aura sAttvikatA utpanna karane vAtI hai| dArzanika jagat ke lie yaha eka mahAn varadAna hai| ___ ahiMsA mAnava jAti ko mAmabhakSaNa kI avAchanIyatA eva anipTakaratA samajhA kara mAsAhAra se vimukha karane kA sUtrapAta jaina dharma ne hI kiyA hai| samasta dharmoM kA AdhArabhUta aura pramukha sidvAnta ahiMsA hI hai| yaha mantavya banAne kA avakAza jaina dharma ne hI diyA hai| jainadharma ne ahisA ko itanI dRDhatA aura savalatA ke sAtha apanAyA, aura jainAcAryoM ne ahisA kA svarUpa itanI prakharatA ke sAtha nirUpaNa kiyA, ki dhIre-dhIre vaha sabhI dharmoM kA aga bana gii| jaina dharmopadegako kI yadi mavaye bar3I eka saphalatA mAnI jAya, to vaha ahiMsA kI sAdhanA hI hai| unakI badaulata hI grAja ahiMsA vizvamAnya siddhAnta hai| deza-kAla ke anusAra usakI vibhinna gAgvAeM prasphuTita ho rahI hai| jaina dharma kI, ahiMsA ke rUpa me eka mahAn dana hai, jise vizva ke manIpI kabhI bhUla nahI skte| yo to bhagavAn Rpabhadeva ke yuga me hI ahimA tattva, prakAza meM A cukA thA magara jAna paDatA hai ki madhyakAla meM puna hisA-vRtti uttejita ho utthii|

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jainadharma kI vizeSatAeM 239 taba bAInave tIrthakara bhagavAn ariSTanemi ne ahimA kI pratiSThA ke lie joradAra prayAsa kiyaa| unhone vivAha ke lie zvasuragRha ke dvAra taka pahu~ca kara bhI pazupakSiyo kI hinA ke virodha me vivAha karanA asvIkAra karake tatkAlIna kSatriyavarga meM bhArI manamanI paidA kara dii| vAsUdeva kRSNa ke bhAI ariSTanemi kA vaha gAhamapUrNa unmarga nAyaka hayA aura mamAja me pazo aura pakSiyo ke prati vyApaka mahAna bhani jaagii| unake pazcAt tIrthakara pArzvanAtha ne sarpa jaise vipaile prANiyo para apanI karuNA kI varSA karake, logo kA dhyAna dayA kI ora AkarSita kiyaa| phira bhI dharma ke nAma para jo himA pracalita thI, use niggepa karane ke lie carama nIrya kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne prabhAvazAlI upadeza diyaa| Aja yadyapi hisA pracalina hai, phira bhI vicAravAn loga use dharma yA puNya kA kArya nahIM samajhate, balki pApa mAnate hai| isa dRSTiparivartana ke lie jaina-parampaga ko bahuna udyoga kannA pddaa| avatAravAda jaina barma ke viziSTa siddhAnto para vicAra karate samaya eka vAta anAyAsa hI dhyAna me A jAnI hai| vaha hai usake avatAravAda kI mAnyatA / prAtgA kI canma aura vizada sthiti kyA hai, yaha darzanazAstra ke cintana kA eka pradhAna prazna rahA hai| vibhinna darzano ne isa para vicAra kiyA hai aura apanAapanA dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA hai| baudvadarzana ke anusAra citta kI paramparA kA avaruddha ho jAnA, AtmA kI carama sthiti hai| isa mAnyatA ke anusAra dIpaka ke nirvANa kI bhA~ti AtmA zUnya me vilIna ho jAtA hai| kaNAda muni kA vaize pikadarzana prAtmA kI antima sthiti mukti svIkAra karatA hai, para usakI mukti kA svarUpa kucha aisA hai ki use samajha lene para anta - karaNa meM mukti prApta karane kI preraNA jAgRta nahIM hotii| kaNAda Rpi ke mantavya ke anusAra mukta grAtmA jAna aura sukha se sarvathA vaMcita ho jAtA hai| jJAna aura mugva hI prAtmA ke amAdhAraNa guNa hai aura jaba inakA hI samla uccheda ho gayA to phira kyA AkarSaNa raha gayA mukti me ? sasAra me jitane anAdimukta ekezvaravAdI sampradAya hai, unake mantavya ke anusAra koI bhI AtmA, Izvaratva kI prApti karane meM samartha nahI ho sktaa| Izvara eka advitIya hai| jIva jAti se vaha pRthak hai| masAra me adharma kI vRtti

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240 jaina dharma aura dharma kA hrAsa hone para usakA manAra meM hotA hai| usa samaya vaha paramAtmA meM prAtmA kA rUpa grahaNa karatA hai| jaina zrama avatAravAda kI usa mAnyatA ko svIkAra nahIM karanA / jaina dharma pratyeka grAtmA kI paramAtmA banane kA adhikAra pradAna karatA hai| aura paramAtmA banane kA mArga bhI prastuta karanA hai, kintu paramAtmA ke puna bhAvataraNa kA virodha karatA hai| isa prakAra hamAre samakSa ucca se ucca jo Adarza sabhava hai, usakI upalabdhi kA grAzvAsana aura pathapradarzana jainadharma me milatA hai| vaha AtmA ke ananta vikAsa kI sabhAvanAyo ko hamAre samakSa upasthita karanA hai| jaina dharma kA yaha pratyeka nara ko nArAyaNa, aura bhakta ko bhagavAn, banane kA adhikAra denA hI usakI maulika mAnyatA hai / guNapUjA jainadharma sadaiva guNapUjA kA pakSapAtI rahA hai| jAti, kula, vaMga gathavA bAhya veSa ke kAraNa vaha kisI vyakti kI mahattA gragIkAra nahIM karatA / bhAratavarSa me prAcIna kAla me eka aisA varga calA AtA hai jo varNavyavasthA ke nAma para granya vargoM para apanI mattA sthApita karane ke lie, tathA sthApita kI huI mattA ko kSuNNa banAye rakhane ke lie eka grakhaNDa mAnava jAti ko aneka khaDoM meM vibhakta karatA hai| guNa aura karma ke AdhAra para, samAna kI suvyavasthA kA dhyAna rakhate hue vibhAga kiyA jAnA to ucita hai, jisame vyakti ke vikAsa ko adhika-seare rakAza ho parantu janma ke AdhAra para kisI prakAra kA vibhAga karanA sarvathA anucita hai / " eka vyakti duzIla, ajJAna aura prakRti me tamoguNI hone para bhI pramuka varNa vAle ke ghara me janma lene ke kAraNa samAja me pUjya zrAdaraNIya, pratiSThita zrIra U~cA samajhA jAya. aura dUsarA vyakti sugIla jJAno aura manoguNI hone para bhI kevala amuka kula meM janma lene ke kAraNa nIca aura, tiraskaraNIya mAnA jAya, yaha vyavasthA samAja-vAtaka hai| itanA hI nahIM, aisA mAnane se na kevala samAja ke eka bahusaMkhyaka bhAga kA grapamAna hotA hai / pratyuta yaha gadguNa aura sadAcAra kA bhI ghora apamAna hai / isa vyavasthA ko agIkAra karane se durAcAra, sadAcAra me U~cA uTha jAtA hai, grajJAna, jJAna para vijayI hotA hai aura tamoguNa matoguNa ke mAmane AdarAspada bana jAtA hai / yahI aisI sthiti hai jo guNagrAhaka vivekI jano ko nA nahI ho sakatI / " (nirgrantha pravacana bhASya, pRSTha 286 ) ataeva jaina dharma kI mAnyatA hai ki guNoM ke kAraNa, koI zakti grAdara

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jaina dharma kI vizeSatAeM 241 NIya honA cAhie aura avaguNo ke kAraNa anAdaraNIya eva apratiSThita honA caahie| isa mAnyatA ke popaka jainAgamo ke kucha vAkya dhyAna dene yogya hai ___ mastaka muDA lene se hI koI zramaNa nahIM ho jAtA, prokAra kA jApa karane ___ mAtra se koI brAhmaNa nahIM bana sakatA, araNyavAsa karane se hI koI muni nahI hotA ___ aura kuga-cIra ke parivAnamAtra se koI tapasvI kA pada nahI pA sakatA / (unagadhyayana a0 25 sUtrakRtAga 1 zru0, a0 13, gA0 6, 10, 11) / samabhAva ke kAraNa zramaNa, brahmacarya kA pAlana karane se brAhmaNa, jAna kI upAsanA karane ke kAraNa muni, aura tapazcaryA me nigta rahane vAlA tApasa kahA jA makatA hai| krarma (AjIvikA) se brAhmaNa hotA hai. karma me kSatriya hotA hai, karma se vaizya hotA hai, aura karma me zUdra hotA hai| manuSya-manuSya meM jAni ke AdhAra para koI pArthakya dRSTigocara nahIM hotA magara tapasyA (madAcAra) ke kAraNa avazya hI antara dikhAI detA hai| (uttarAdhyayana) ina uddharaNo se spaSTa hogA ki jaina dharma ne jangagata varNavyavasthA eva jAti__ pAti kI kSudra bhAvanAyo ko prazraya na dekara guNo ko hI mattva pradAna kiyA hai| isI kAraNa jaina magha ne manuSya-mAtra kA varNa eva jAti kA vicAra na kagate hue samAna-bhAva se svAgata kiyA hai| vaha AtmA aura paramAtmA ke bIca me bhI koI alavya dIvAra svIkAra nahIM karatA to AtmA-aAtmA aura manupya-manuSya ke bIca kaime svIkAra kara sakatA hai| aparigrahavAda masAra kA koI bhI dharma parigraha ko svarga yA mokSa kA kAraNa nahI mAnatA hai| kintu saba dharma eka svara me ise heya ghopita karate hai| IsAI dharma kI prasiddha pustaka bAibila kA yaha ullekha prAya sabhI jAnate hai ki -"sUI kI noka me se U~Ta kadAcit nikala jAya, parantu dhanavAn svarga meM praveza nahIM kara sktaa|" parigraha kI yaha kaDI-me-kaDI AlocanA hai| idhara bhAratIya dharma bhI parigraha ko samasta pApo kA mUla aura Atmika patana kA kAraNa kahate hai| kintu jaina dharma me aparigraha ko vyavahArya rUpa pradAna karane kI eka bahuta sundara praNAlI nirdiSTa kI gaI hai|

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242 jaina dharma jaina saMgha mukhyatayA do bhAgo me vibhakta hai-tyAgI aura gRhastha / lAgI varga ke lie pUrNa aparigrahI, akiMcana rahane kA vidhAna hai| jaina tyAgI sayamasAdhanA ke lie anivArya katipaya upakaraNo ke atirikta anya koI vastu apane adhikAra me nahI rkhtaa| yahA~ taka ki agale dina ke lie bhojana bhI apane pAna nahIM rakha sktaa| usake lie aparigraha mahAvrata kA pAlana karanA anivArya hai| gRhasthavarga aparigrahI rahakara saMsAra-vyavahAra nahIM calA sakatA aura ima kAraNa usake lie pUrNa parigrahatyAga kA vidhAna nahIM kiyA gayA hai, use sarvathA aniyantrita bhI nahI choDA gayA hai| gRhastha ko zrAvaka kI koTi meM Ane ke lie apanI tRSNA, mamatA evaM lobha-vRtti ko sImita karane ke lie parigraha kA parimANa kara lenA caahie| parigraha-parimANa zrAvaka ke pA~ca mUla vratoM me anyatama hai| isa vrata kA samIcIna rUpa se pAlana karane ke lie zrAvaka ko do vrata aura aMgIkAra karane par3ate hai, jisakA bhogopabhoga parimANa aura anarthadaMDa-tyAga ke nAma se gRhasthadharma ke prakaraNa me ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai| parimita parigraha kA vrata tabhI ThIka taraha se vyavahAra meM A sakatA hai, jaba manupya apane bhoga aura upayoga ke yogya padArthoM kI eka sImA banA le aura mAtha hI nirarthaka padArthoM se apanA saMbaMdha viccheda kara le| isa prakAra aparigraha vrata ke lie ina sahAyaka vrato kI bar3I AvazyakatA hai| arthatapNA kI Aga me mAnava-jIvana bhasma na ho jAya, jIvana kA eka mAtra lakSya dhana na vana jAya, jIvana-cakra dravya ke irda-girda hI na ghUmatA raha, Ara jIvana kA uccatara ladhya mamatva ke adhakAra meM vilIna na ho jAya, isake lie aparigraha kA bhAva jIvana me AnA hI caahie| yadi aparigraha bhAva jIvana meM A jAya, aura sAmUhika rUpa me A jAya to arthavaiSamyajanita sAmAjika samasyAe svata hI samApta ho jAtI haiN| unheM hala karane ke lie samAjavAda yA sAmyavAda yA anya kimI navIna vAda kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rhtii| jaina dharma kA yaha aparigrahavAda Adhunika yuga kI jvalanta samasyAo kA sundara samAdhAna hai, ataeva samAjazAstriyoM ke lie adhyayana karane yogya hai| isase vyakti kA jIvana bhI ucca aura prazasta banatA hai aura sAtha hI samAja kI samasyAe~ bhI sulajha jAtI hai|

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. .............000. 00.......0000000...000000000000000000 .............................0000....00000...... vivattI aviNIyassa, saMpattI viNiyassa ya / jasseyaM duhao nAyaM, sikkhaM se abhigacchaI / / --80, 9,2, 21 // naccA namaI mehAvI, loe kittI se jaayi| havA kiccANaM saraNaM, bhUyANaM jagai jahA // --uttarAdhyayana, a0 1, gA* 45 / he sAdhaka | sabhyatA kA mUla vinaya hai, avinaya nahI / ata. avinIta ko vipatti prApta hotI hai aura suvinIta ko sampatti ye do bAte jisane jAna lI hai, vahI zikSA prApta kara sakatA hai| he sAdhaka ! vinaya ke svarUpa ko jAnane vAlA sadA namra rahatA hai, aura vaha isa loka me kIrti prApta karatA hai| jisa prakAra pRthvI samasta vanaspati aura prANiyo ke lie AdhAra rUpa hai, usI prakAra vinIta puruSa bhI samasta guNo kA AdhAra rUpa hotA hai| ....................................... 0000000.0000................0000.....0000.....000.0.00.00..." jaina-ziSTAcAra

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jaina ziSTAcAra jaina dharma bhArata kA eka prAcIna dharma hai, jaina dharma ke 24 tIrthakara isI bhArata-bhUmi me utpanna hue hai| jaina samAja bhAratIya samAja ke sAtha sadA prabhinna rahA hai, grAryatva ke nAte jaina aura jaina tIrthakara grAryavA me hI paidA hue haiM / jaina dharma prArambha se hI koI jAtigata dharma nahI banA, vaha sadA se eka cintanAtmaka mukti mArga ke rUpa meM hI sthita rahA hai / sAsArika, rAjanItika tathA zAsanika grahabhAvanA thavA adhikAra- epaNA kA usane kabhI popaNa nahI kiyA / bhAratIya sabhyatA aura prAryasaskRti ko jaino kI bahuta mahattvapUrNa dena hai / para vaha prAryatva ke gragabhUta hone ke nAte parAI nahI, aura na hI grAkrAmaka rUpa se balAt thopI gaI hai, apitu jaina-dharma ke nAte nirgrantha patha kA anuyAyI hai, tathA jAti, vaMza, sabhyatA saMskRti aura rakta ke sambandha ro grArya hai| jaina aura jainenaro me paramparA se vivAha sambandha hote grAye hai, kyoki jaina dharma sAmAjika sambandho meM hastakSepa nahI karatA, ta jaina ziSTAcAra aura sabhyatA me va bhAratIya sabhyatA me koI maulika grantara nahI hai' phira bhI jaina dharma ke vicAroM, siddhAnto kA jo anuyAyiyo para prabhAva paDA hai, usase katipaya vizeSatAo ko janma milA hai| isakA kAraNa hai jaina dharma kI vinayagIlatA / jaina dharma me vinaya aura samatA para pratyadhika bala diyA hai, prAyazcitta, vinaya, tathA vaiyAvRtma (sevAdharma ) ko tapa kA antara svarUpa batAyA hai / prAyazcitta

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246 jaina dharma se prabhAva kA nAga hotA hai, aura vinaya me namratA tathA viveka ko bala milatA hai ! jaina ziSTAcAra kA artha hai vinaya / ' jJAna, darzana tathA cAritra ke prati zraddhA rakhanA aura ina guNo ke bhAraka ke prati Adara rakhanA jainAgama me bahuta bar3A tapa batAyA hai / " mana, vacana, tathA kAyA ko prazasta, pApakArI tathA vRNAkAraka kArya se haTAkara prazasta, puNya-kAraka tathA upayogapUrvaka uThane-baiThane kI sabhyatA kI ora unmukha honA mahAn tapa batAyA gayA hai / 3 jainAgama me lokavyavahAra ko ThIka DhaMga se sAvane ke lie bhI lokIpacAra vinaya kA ullekha kiyA hai / adhyApaka guru kI AjJApAlana, zrAdara ke sAtha guru se vyavahAra karanA, jJAnadAna nimitta namratApUrvaka dAna denA, dukhI jIvo ke prati komala bhAva rakhanA, dezakAla kI vijJatA aura saba se premamaya grAtmIyapana ke anukUla rUpa se snehabharA vyavahAra karanA bhI jainadharma ke anusAra dharma kI pradhAnatama sevA hai / " sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka, zrAvikA arihaMta, siddha, deva, dharma, tathA guru ke prati zragAtanA - zranAdarabhAva nahI rakhanA hI jaina sAdhu aura zrAvako kA parama karttavya hai / jainagAstro me gragAtanA kA bahuta vistRta varNana hai, guru kI prazAsanA 32 prakAra kI batAI jAtI hai / guru ke zrAge khaDA honA, guru ke Asana para baiTha jAnA, guru ke Age calanA, tukAra kA prayoga karanA, Adi granAdara bhAvo kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / isI prakAra viziSTa vyaktiyo ke prati bhI jaino ke ziSTAcAra kA uga niyata hai jaise ki ---- 1. deva aura guru ke prati : - jaina zramaNopAsaka jaba tIrthakara bhagavAn ko upadeza sabhA me grathavA sAdhu ke nivAsa sthAna para jAtA hai, to use pA~ca bAte karanI cAhie~, jo jaina paribhASA me paoNca abhigama ke nAma se prasiddha hai / ve ye hai- 1. bhagavatI sUtra, za0 25 / 2 dd 13 " 3. 13 " 11 4. bhagavatI sUtra za0 25 /

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jaina-ziSTAcAra 247 1 phUlamAlA sacitta Adi vastupro ko haTA denA yAvazyaka hai| 2 acitta vastuo kA tyAga grAvazyaka nhiiN| 3 chatra-cavara Adi aizvarya ke cihna tathA jUtA, chatarI Adi padArtha na le jaanaa| 4 tIrthakara yA sAdhu para dRSTi paDate hI hAtha jodd'naa| 5 mana kI cacalatA tyAga kara ekAgra honaa| (bhagavatI sUtra) 2 bandanApATha-tIrthakara yA sAdhu ke samakSa pahu~ca kara nimnalikhita pATha paDha kara unhe vandanA kI jAtI hai-- "tikkhutto AyAhiNa, payAhiNa karemi, vadAmi namasAmi, sakkAremi, samANemi, kallANa magala devaya ceiya pajjuvAsAmi, matthaeNa vdaami|" ___-Avazyaka sUtra, sAmAyika paatth| arthAt--bhagavan | mai tIna bAra dakSiNa se prArabha karake pradakSiNA karatA hU~, vandanA karatA hU~, namaskAra karatA hU~, sanmAna karatA huuN| Apa kalyANa aura maMgala ke rUpa hai| devatA svarUpa hai, caitya-jJAna svarUpa hai| mai ApakI puna -puna. upAsanA karatA huuN| mastaka jhukA kara vandanA karatA huuN| 3 bhamaNoM kA pArasparika ziSTAcAra-~jaina magha me vandanIyatA kA AdhAra paryAyajyeSThatA hai| arthAt pratyeka muni apane se pUrva dIkSita muni ko namaskAra karatA hai| isame umra Adi kisI anya bAta kA vicAra nahIM kiyA jAtA / putra yadi pahale dIkSita ho cukA hai aura pitA pazcAt dIkSita huA hai to pitA apane putra ko namaskAra kregaa| sUtrakRtAga a0 2, u0 2 sUtra me batalAyA hai ki cakravartI rAjA bhI yadi bAda me muni dIkSA grahaNa kare to usakA kartavya hai ki vaha pUrvadIkSita apane dAsa ke dAsa ko bhI lajjA aura sakoca na karatA huyA vandanA kre| muni vana jAne para manuSya kA gRhastha jIvana samApta ho jAtA hai aura eka navIna hI jIvana kA sUtrapAta hotA hai| 4 zrAvakoM kA pArasparika ziSTAcAra-zAstrIya ullekho se patA calatA hai ki prAcIna kAla me zrAvikAe~ aura zrAvaka bhI apane se baDe zrAvaka ko vandanA kiyA karate the| -bhagavatIsUtra, 12zataka, zakha-pokkhalI savAda /

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248 jaina dharma 5 pati-patnI sambandhI-~-dampani ko pRthaka pAyA para hI nahIM, apitu pRthak-pRthak kakSo me gayana karanA caahie| patnI jaba pati ke namIra pAnI hai to pati AdarapUrNa madhura gandI me usakA svAgana karanA hai / vaiThane ko mahAgana prabhAta karatA hai| kyoki jainAgamo meM patnI pati kI "dhammagahAyA". arthAta dharmagahAyikA mAnI gaI hai| --upAsaka dagAga / 6 svAmI-mevaka saMbaMdhI--jaina zAstro meM mevaka kA "kAdambiyapuri" arthAt kauTumbika purupa parivAra kA hI madada ke rUpa meM ulalA kiyA gayA hai| samrATa bhI apane mevaka ko "devANupiyA' kaha kara mavAcana kanne hai / devANapiyA kA artha hai-"devo ke pyaare|" kitanA praudArya, kitanA mAdhurya hai yoga kitanA sneha bharA he, ina zabdo meN| __ "devANuppiyA" zabda nabodhana kA mAmAnya zabda hai| svAmI gavata ko, sevaka svAmI ko, pati patnI ko, patnI pati ko aura pratyeka pratyeka ko prAya. inI zabda se sabodhita karatA hai| jaina parva parva, dharma aura samAja ke antarmAnasa kI mAmUhika abhivyakti hai| vyaSTi aura samaSTi ke jIvana krama meM jisa vizvAsa. vAraNA tathA utmAha kI AvazyakatA paDanI hai, usakI pUrti paryoM se hotI hai| parva aura utsava dono hI mAnava kI mUlabhUta bhUka maskAra nirmANa, sabhyatA zikSaNa, aura saskRti abhivyajana kA kArya pUrA karate hai, kisI bhI dharma ayavA samAja kI AdhArabhUta pRSThabhUmi ko samajhane ke lie parvo aura utsavo ko jAna lenA atyAvazyaka hai| pratyeka dharma ke zAstra siddhAnta, aura pratIka kI taraha apane maulika rUpa me parva bhI hote hai| dArzanika, dhArmika, mAmAjika aura saiddhAntika vibhinnatA hI parvo kI vibhinnatA kA kAraNa hai| jainadharma ke bhI kucha apane parva hai| eka jaina bhI varSa ke kisI-na-kimI dina ko parva kA rUpa dekara apane dhArmika svarUpa kA mAkSAtkAra karatA hai| parvo kA mIyA sambandha samAja-anuyAyI varga se hai, kintu paryoM kA mUla rUpa dharma ke prAntara vicAro se utprerita hotA hai / jaina parva jaina dharma kA pratinidhitva karate hai jaina parva mAnava se khela-kUda, grAmoda-pramoda, bhoga-upabhoga ayavA harpa va vipAda kI maoNga nahI karate, apitu ve to manuSya ko tapa, tyAga, svAdhyAya, ahimA, satya prema, vizvavandhutva tathA vizva maMtrI kI bhAvanA ko protsAhita karate hai| jaina parvo ko do spo meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai, jaise ki,

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jaina-ziSTAcAra 249 mavatsarI-paySaNa parva, dazalakSaNIparva, sAyambilaaSTAnhikA, zrutapacamI, zrAdi to dhArmika parva hai| mahAvIra jayatI, vIra gAsana jayantI, dIpAvalI, salUno ( rakSAvavana) zrAdi sAmAjika parva hai| saMvatsarI-vetAmbara sampradAya me samvatsarI pardUpaNaparva ko parvAdhirAja kahA jAtA hai| jaina zAstro me paryupaNa ke dino me se AThave dina savatsarI ko dharma kA garvocca pavitra dina mAnA gayA hai| zramaNa sudharmA kahate hai ki he jambU / ' ina parva ko zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ASADha pUrNimA se 1 mAsa 20 dina ke bAda manAyA thaa| cAturmAsa me eka mAsa aura 20ve dina arthAt bhAdrapada zuklA 5 ko gavatnarI parva AtA hai| prAtma guddhi ke isa mahAna parva ko jaise bhagavAn manAte hai usI prakAra gautama svAmI, umI prakAra AcArya, upAdhyAya tathA zrIsagha manAtA hai| samvatsarI kI gata kA kisI bhI prakAra se ullaghana nahIM karanA caahie| samavAyAga sUtra me savatsarI kA samaya nizcita karate hue yaha bhI batAyA hai ki cAturmAsa ke 50 dina bAda aura 70 dina gepa rahate savatsarI parva kI yArAdhanA karanI caahie| ___savatmarI ke aATha divamo ko pardUpaNa kahate hai| samvatmarI aura paryaMpaNa dono meM kevala itanA hI antara hai, ki savatmarI prAdhyAtmika sAdhanA-krama me barSa kA antima aura sarvaprathama dina kA bodhaka hai, aura paryupaNa zabda tapa aura vairAgya sAdhanA kA udbodhaka hai| ata. mavasatsarI kA artha hai, varSa kA prArabha aura paryuSaNa kA artha hai kapAya kI gAnti / AtmanivAsa tathA vairAgyavRtti / papaNa ke artha ko prakaTa karane vAle prAgamo me kitane hI zabda upalabdha hote hai, jaise ki pajjamaNA, pajjomavaNA, pajjusaNA, aadi| pardUpaNa kA zAbdika artha hai, pUrNa rUpa se nivAsa karanA, aAtmaramaNa karanA aura pajjomavaNA kA artha hai, kaSAyo kI sarvathA upazAnti / anAdikAlIna prAtmA me sthita vikAro kA sarvathA nAga karanA, tathA UrdhvamukhI vRtti dvArA Urdhvagamana karanA hI pajjosavaNA kA vAstavika artha hai| jaina sAdhu aura sAdhvI, ina ATha dino me 1. kalpasUtra, 'teNa kAleNaM-samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre vAsANaM savo sairAe mAse viikkante vAsAvAsaM pajjosaveI / " 2. samavAyAga sUtra, "samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre vAsANa savIsaI rAimAte vaikkante sattariAha rAidiehi sesehi vAsAvAsaM pjjosveii|"

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250 jaina dharma varSa bhara me lage aticAro kA pAlonana, kegalaMcana, paryuSaNAlalA vAnana, vamati, bhagavadAgadhana aSTama tapa, tathA sAmbatmarika pratikramaNa kapa cha upanAmo ko avazya karate hai| zrAvaka aura dhAvikA ina dino meM vyAvahArika tathA jAgatika sambantrI se alaga haTa kara nirantara dharma mAdhanA tathA tapasyA me lIna rahate hai, aura gaMvatsarI ke dina to jaina samAja kA koI bhI baccA taka yathA gakya,tapa. svAdhyAya aura kayAzravaNa ke binA nahIM rhte| pATha dina taka kitane hI jaina, bhAdra kRSNA 12 me bhAdra zuklA pacamI taka nirjala aura nirAhAra rahakara eka hI sthAna meM dhyAna prAra svAdhyAya me hI payUSaNa parva manAte hai / samvatmarI ke sAyaM pratikramaNa ke avasara para pratyeka jaina ko caurAsI lAkha jIvAyoni se mana, vacana, kAyA pUrvaka kSamAyAcanA karanI par3atI hai| isa dina bhI jo kSamAyAcanA nahIM mAMgatA hai, aura na hI kSamA pradAna karatA hai, vaha jaina kahalAne kA adhikArI bhI nahIM hai| prema minnana, bibamaMtrI tathA vizvavAtsalya hI isa parva kA mukhya prAdhAra hai| dazalakSaNaparva-digambara sampradAya meM payUSaNa parva ke sthAna para daza lakSaNa parva manAyA jAtA hai| bhAdra zuklA pacamI me bhAdra gu0 anantacaturdagI taka isa parva kI mArAdhanA kI jAtI hai| pratidina dharma ke dazalakSaNoM kA kramaza vivecana hotA hai| uttama kSamA, mArdava, aArjava, gauca, satya, sayama, tapa, tyAga AkiMcanya paura brahmacarya rUpa dazadharmo kA vyAkhyAna, abhyAsa tathA tattvArtha mUtra ke daza adhyAyo kA kramaza svAdhyAya kiyA jAtA hai / dharma ke vizAla vATa maya me dharmake ina dagarUpI ke lie kisI bhI dharma me koI bheda nahIM hai| manu jI ke dharma ke daza lakSaNa, padmapurANa ke yati dharma aura jainadharma ke daza yatidharma paraspara me eka hI hai| ina dino me jaina bhAI yathAzakya vrata pIpava upavAsa Adi tapa kriyA kA bhI anuSThAna karate haiN| ina paryo ke dino me jaina samAja meM eka utsAha chAyA rahatA hai, aura jaina mandira dharmasthAna tathA svAdhyAya bhavana janatA se khacAkhaca bhare rahate hai| anatacaturdazI ke dina kisI kisI sthAna para virAT jalUsa bhI nikAlA jAtA hai| ____zvetAmvara sampradAya kA paypaNa parva aura digambara sampradAya kA dazalakSaNa parva paripUrNa hiMsA ke viruddha jaina jAti kA sAmUhika abhiyAna hai| ata prAcInakAla se jaina ina dino me anya prakAra kI hisA kasAI khAne Adi bhI baMda karavA dete hai| samrATa akabara ne to AcArya hIravijaya sUrIzvara ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara apane sAmrAjya meM ina dinoM meM hiMsA banda karavA dI thii| isI prakAra prAja bhI bhArata ke kitane hI prAnto me samvatsarI ko himA banda rahatI hai| aSTAnhikA parvaH-tathA AyaMbila-olI parvaH-digambara sampradAya

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jaina-ziSTAmAra 251 meM kArtika, phAlgana aura ApAr3ha mAsa ke antima pATha dino me siddha bhagavAn kI ArAdhanA tathA svAdhyAya rUpa dhArmika kriyAe~ utsAha ke sAtha kI jAtI hai / zvetAmbara sampradAya me caitra aura asauja me saptamI se pUnama taka 6 dina AyaMbila tapa kI sAdhanA kI jAtI hai| hajAro jaina bhAI aura bahina prAyambila tapa karate hai| prAyambila tapa kA artha hai amla rasa se rahita bhojana, jisame rasa, gava, svAda, ghRta, dugdha, chAcha prAdi kisI bhI prakAra se mizrita nahI kiyA jAtA hai| jaina varga kI prAsvAda mAdhanA kA yaha bahuta vicitra aura upayogI upakrama hai| bhuta paMcamI-digambara sampradAya me isa parva ko AcArya puSpadanta aura bhUtavali ke dvArA nirmita "paT gvaNDAgama" nAmaka siddhAnta grantha kI parisamApti ke rUpa meM aura svAdhyAya preraNA me ise manAyA jAtA hai| jyeSTha zu0 pacamI ko unhone yaha granya sagha ko samarpita kiyA thA, sAdhika sammAna zruta jJAna ke prati baDhe, yahI isakA uddezya hai|' zvetAmvaro me zruta paJcamI kAttika zuklA pacamI ko manAI jAtI hai| zratArAdhanA aura zruta jJAna ke prati aTUTa niSThA tathA vinaya prakaTa karanA hI isakA uddezya hai| mahAvIra jayantI-caitraguklA trayodazI ke dina zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janma jayantI jaina samAja me dhUmadhAma ke sAtha manAI jAtI hai| isa varSa to mahAvIra jayantI, amerikA, igalaiNDa Adi meM bhI manAI jAne lagI hai| isa dina vizAla samAroha ke sAtha cauvIsave tIrthakara mahAvIra ke jIvana, siddhAnta tathA darzana tathA dharma ke viSaya me manana kiyA jAtA hai| utsava, jalUsa, bhApaNa Adi kA rocaka rUpa se kAryakrama rahatA hai| Ajakala mahAvIra jayantI rASTrIya tathA antarASTriIya rUpa dhAraNa karatI jA rahI hai| isI prakAra anya 23 tIrthakaro kI sAmAnyatayA jayantiyA~ manAI jAtI hai / bIpAvalI-zrAvaNa pUrNimA, dagaharA, dIpAvalI tathA holI bhArata ke rASTrIya parva hai| cAro varNoM ke anusAra pratyeka parva kA eka-eka vyAvahArika aura vArmika sandeza hai| kramaza. jaise ki jAna, kSAtratva, lakSmI aura manorajana tathA 1. syeSThasita pakSa paMcamyAM cAturvarNya saMgha saMbhavataH / / satpustakopakaraNa ya'mAt kriyApUrvakaM pUjAm // 143 (indranandi zrutAvatAra)

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252 jana dharma zuddhi aura dhArmika rUpa se tapasyA, brahmacarya, prAtmajJAna (lakSmI) tathA zrAtmA guddhi dIpAvalI bhI bhArata kA prasiddha tathA lokavyApI tyohAra hai| to bhI dIpAvalI kA aitihAsika udgama rUpa vivaraNa kimI gratha me upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| kintu zvetAmbara' Agamo aura digambara purANore meM isa nambala meM vistRta ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| prAzaya dono kA eka hai| zramaNa mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke samaya nava licchavi aura nava malligajAtro ne popatra bana kara racA thaa| kArtika amAvasyA kA dina thA / rAtri ke samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirvANa ho gyaa| usa samaya rAjAno ne AdhyAtmika jJAna ke mUrya mahAvIra ke abhAva me ratnI ke prakAza se usa sthAna ko dedIpyamAna kiyA thaa| paramparAgata umI prakAra janatA dIpa jalAkara usa parama jAna kI upAsanA kara preraNA prApta karatI hai, isI kA nAma dIpAvalI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki dIpAvalI parva jano ke lie mahattvapUrNa parva hai| salUno rakSA bandhana-brAhmaNa logo ke hAtho me rAgviyA~ bA~cate samaya, isa parva kA mahattva tathA itihAsa pratipAdaka iloka patrA karate hai, jisakA prAzaya he ki "jima rAkhI se dAnavo kA indra mahAbalI balirAjA bAMdhA gayA usase maiM tumhe bA~dhatA hU~, aDiga aora aDola hokara merI rakSA kro|"3. balirAjA kI kathA vAmAnavatAra ke prasaga me uddhRta avazya ho gaI hai, kintu isase rakSA badhana ke mahattva kA anubhava nahIM milatA hai| jaina sAhitya me isI parva ke sambandha meM kayA atyanta prasiddha hai| jaina sAno se ghRNA aura dvepa rakhane vAle balI ko mahArAja padma se upakRta rUpa se varadAna pUrti ke nimitta sAta dina kA rAjya mila gayA thA, akasmAt akampanAcArya apane sAta sau ziSyo sahita udhara yA nikale, bali ko badalA lene kA avasara prApta huaa| usane muni sagha ko eka vAr3e me ghera kara puruSameva yajJa me bali karane kI tthaanii| eme sakaTa kAla me eka vaikriya labdhidhArI muni viSNukumAra se prArthanA kI gaI ki Apa hI isa muni magha para Aye sakaTa ko dUra kiijie| napasyA me lIna viSNukumAra muni, muni varga kI rakSA nimitta nagara me Aye aura apane bhAI padmarAja 1. kalpasUtra / 2. hrivNsh| 3. yena baddho balI rAjA, dAnavendro mhaablii| tena tvAmapi badhnAmi rakSa mA cala mA bala //

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253 jaina-ziSTAcAra ko samajhAyA ki bhAI, isa kuruvaza me no mAdhugro kA Adara hotA AyA hai, kintu isa prakAra kA pApakArI kukRtya nahIM hugraa| padmarAjA ko dugva to bahuta thA,kintu vaha vacanabaddha thA, ata usane apanI vivagatA btaaii| viSNukumAra mani vali ke pAsa pahuMce aura usase muni magha ke nie sthAna maaNgaa| bali ne kahA ki acchA mai DhAI kadama jagaha detA hU~, usame gha lo| ina para viSNakumAra jI ko ropa huA aura apanI zakti kA camatkAra unhoMne vahAM pragaTa kiyA, aura eka paira sumerU parvata para rakhA aura dUsarA mAnupottara parvata para, aura tImaga kadama bIca me laTakane lgaa| yaha dekha kara pRthvIvAmI jana anyanna bhavya ho gae, bali kSamA mAMgane lagA, gajya umane vApasa kara diyA, aura mamacA maMkaTa Tala gyaa| munijano para saMkaTa pAyA dekha kara logo ne anna-jala kA tyAga kara diyA thaa| maMkaTa Talane para mani jaba ghara nahI Aye to loga bhojana kaise kre| yAta mau muni jitane ghara A sakate the, utane ghara gaye aura bAkI ne zramaNo kA smaraNa kara, pratIka banA kara bhojana kiyA, ata umI dina se rakSAbaMdhana ke dina dono ora managya kA citra banA kara rAgvI bAMdhane kI prathA cala pddii| isa prathA ko Aja bhI unabhAnta meM "mIna" kahate hai mauna gabda "zramaNa" kA hI apabhrama hai|' 1. jaina dharma" phailAzacandra shaastrii|

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