Jain Agam Vadya Kosh

Author(s): Tulsi Acharya, Mahapragna Acharya
Publisher: Jain Vishva Bharati
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/016097/1

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jaina sAdhAvATakoza vAcanA pramukha pradhAna saMpAdaka gaNAdhipati tulasI AcArya mahAprajJa muni vIrendra kumAra muni jayakumAra sapAdaka

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jaina Agama vAdya koza

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rAvaNa camIvarato prakAzana jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM

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jaina Agama vAdya koza vAcanA pramukha gaNAdhipati tulasI pradhAna saMpAdaka AcArya mahAprajJa saMpAdaka muni vIrendra kumAra muni jayakumAra prakAzana jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM

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prakAzaka : jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM 341306 (c) jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM ISBN: 81-7195089 sva. mANakacaMda jI sUryA kI puNya smRti meM unakI dharmapatnI zrImatI kezarabAI sUryA suputra kizana lAla kusuma devI supautra - sacina rImA, haippI - priyA sUryA (AmeTa/mumbaI) prathama saMskaraNa julAI 2004 mUlya 100/- (eka sau rupayA mAtra) kaMpoja - sarvottama sAhitya saMsthAna, udayapura mudraka : zrI vardhamAna presa, navIna zahAdarA, naI dillI- 32

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Agama sAhitya meM darzanazAstra, AcArazAstra Adi kA varNana hai| usake sAtha prAsaMgika rUpa meM aneka viSayoM kA nirUpaNa bhI prApta hai| prastuta koza se pUrva vanaspati koza aura prANI koza kA nirmANa ho cukA hai| 'jaina Agama vAdya koza' usI zrRMkhalA kA tIsarA koza hai| muni vIrendrakumAra aura muni jayakumAra ne isake nirmANa meM kAphI zrama kiyA | Agama adhyetA ke lie yaha bahuta upayogI hogA / 18 jUna 2004 dhAnIna (rAja.) AzIrvacana AcArya mahAprajJa

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sampAdakIya jaina AgamoM kA jJAna sUkSma aura gahanatama hai| isameM AtmavidyA ke sAtha-sAtha aneka mahattvapUrNa viSayoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| zAyada hI aisA koI viSaya ho jisakA ullekha Agama sAhitya meM na huA ho| kintu abhI taka kucheka viSayoM ko chor3akara aneka viSaya aise haiM, jinakA vidhivat sparza bhI nahIM kiyA gyaa| aneka viSaya achUte haiN| AvazyakatA hai ki una viSayoM ko chuA jAe aura bhAratIya saMskRti kI prAcIna dharohara ko vartamAna ke saMdarbha meM prastuta kiyA jaae| Aja prAcya bhAratIya vidyAoM para aneka vidvajjana zodha kArya kara rahe haiM aura aneka mahattvaparNa zodha graMtha prakAza meM Ae haiN| jaina paramparA ke vipula sAhitya para bhI kAphI zodha kArya huA hai aura ho rahA hai| gurudeva zrI tulasI evaM AcArya zrI mahAprajJa ke kuzala netRtva ne zodha kArya ko mahattvapUrNa gati pradAna kI, jisake phalasvarUpa aneka zodha pUrNa Agama evaM koza prakAza meM aae| prAcIna bhAratIya saMgIta vAdya para aneka zodha kArya hue haiM, jinakA AdhAra vaidika sAhitya rahA hai| kintu jainAgamoM meM prayukta vAdya vAcaka zabdoM ke viSaya meM kArya nahIM kiyA gyaa| saMbhavataH yaha pahalA kArya hai, jisameM jainAgamoM meM prayukta vAdya vAcaka zabdoM kI pahacAna kA kArya kiyA gayA hai| vAdya koza kI parikalpanA aura niSpatti gaMgAzahara maryAdA mahotsava (vi. saM. 2057) ke pazcAta AcAryazrI mahAprajJa kA padArpaNa bIkAnera huA dopahara ko bhojana ke pazcAt Tahalate hue pharamAyA-prANI koza kI bhAMti yadi vAdya koza bhI taiyAra ho jAe to arthAvabodha ke lie mahattvapUrNa kArya ho sakatA hai| kyoMki vyAkhyAkAroM ne adhikAMza zabdoM ko "lokato'vaseyA" "avyAkhyAtAstu bhedA lokataH pratyetavyAH' vAdyavizeSa, tUNa vizeSaH Adi-Adi kahakara unake avabodha kI pUrNa avagati nahIM dii| AcAryazrI mahAprajJa ne munidvaya (muni vIrendra kumAra, muni jayakumAra) ko kArya karane kA nirdeza diyaa| hama donoM saMta usI dina se isa kArya meM saMlagna ho ge| sarvaprathama hamane rAjapraznIya sUtra ko Adarza mAnakara jainAgamoM meM prayukta vAdya vAcaka zabdoM kI eka sUcI bnaaii| phira unake arthAvabodha evaM svarUpa nirNaya ke lie aneka graMthoM kA avalokana prAraMbha kiyaa| samaya ke sAtha bhASA zailI aura artha meM parivartana hotA hai, yaha sarvavidita hai| somezvara deva ne apane saMgIta graMtha 'mAnasollAsa' 3/572 meM 'taMtrIbhedaiH kriyAbhedaiH vINAvAdyamanekadhA' kahakara arthabheda aura kriyAbheda se vINAoM ke aneka prakAroM ko svIkAra kiyA hai|

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(sAta) yahI kAraNa hai ki AgamoM meM varNita aneka zabda aise haiM jinakI bhASA zailI aura arthAvabodha ke parivartana ke kAraNa unakI pahacAna duSkara sI ho gaI hai| vaisI sthiti meM yaha ulajhana paidA ho jAtI hai ki zabda-vizeSa kA bilkula sahI artha kyA honA caahie| isakA niSkarSa nikAlane ke lie anya Agama graMtha, anya samakAlIna sAhitya, vibhinna prakAra ke koza graMtha, Adhunika vAdya yaMtra se saMbaMdhita graMtha Adi kA vizleSaNa Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| kucheka zabdoM kA vimarza yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai _ 'AmoTa' zabda rAjapraznIya sUtra meM vAdya ke aMtargata ullikhita hai| Adhunika kisI bhI koza meM yaha zabda vAdya ke artha meM prApta nahIM huaa| phira prAntIya vAdya yaMtroM se saMbaMdhita pustakoM ke avalokana se jJAta huA ki 'AmoTa' zabda maMjIrA kA hI paryAya hai, jise maNipura aura tibbata ke nikaTavartI kSetroM meM AmoTa kahate hai| ataH artha kI saMgati baiTha gii| ___'naMdi' zabda nisi. 17/136 meM vitata vAdya ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai| vyAkhyAkAroM ne isakA spaSTArtha nahIM btaayaa| aneka kozoM evaM graMthoM kA avalokana karane ke bAda bhI isa zabda kA avabodha nahIM ho paayaa| DaoN. lAlamaNi mizra ne bhAratIya saMgIta vAdya meM ise AnaMda laharI ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA hai| AnaMdalaharI, naMdi kA hI paryAya hai| artha spaSTa ho gyaa| AgamoM meM aneka zabda dhvani ke AdhAra para ullikhita haiM jaise-kukkayayaM, duMdubhi aadi| 'kukkayayaM' zabda sUya. 1/4 / 38 meM prayukta huA hai| vyAkhyAkAroM ne isako khuMkhuNaka kahA hai| khuMkhuNaka vAdya, dhvani ke AdhAra para rakhA gayA pratIta hotA hai kyoMki kukkayayaM vAdya kI dhvani khuMkhuNaka jaisI hI nikalatI hai| 'duMdubhi' zabda utta. 12/36, anu. 569, pajjo. 95, rAja. 77, aupa. 67 Adi AgamoM meM prayukta huA hai| duMdubhi nagAr3A kI hI eka vizeSa prajAti hai| jisakA vAdana karane para duM duM dhvani nikalatI hai, isIlie isako duMdubhi kahA gayA hai| AgamoM meM vAdya vAcaka zabda rAjapraznIya, nizItha, bhagavatI, praznavyAkaraNa, AcAracUlA Adi AgamoM meM dIkSA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke darzana hetu devAgamana, zrotrendriya saMyama, dhArmika evaM sAmAjika AyojanoM ke prasaMgoM para vAdya vAcaka zabdoM kI lambI tAlikAeM prApta hotI haiN| vaidika vAGmaya meM saMgIta vAdyoM kA vistRta varNana prApta nahIM hotaa| "hiraNya kezI sUtra" meM tat vAdyoM ke aMtargata tAlluka vINA, kAMDavINA, picchorA, alAbuvINA, kapizIrSavINA kA nAma ullikhita hai| vitata vAdyoM ke aMtargata duMdubhi, dravya, ketumata vizvagotra ke nAma prApta hote haiN| ghana vAdyoM ke saMbaMdha meM koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| suSira vAdyoM ke aMtargata godhA, nAlI, tUNa, vANicI, veNu, bhArA dhunI, nAlikA kA ullekha milatA hai| vAdyoM kA prAcIna evaM Adhunika vargIkaraNa jainAgamoM meM saMracanA evaM vAdana kriyA ki AdhAra para vAdyoM ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai--tata, vitata, ghana aura sussir|

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(ATha) maharSi zata (jIvanakAla 200 IsA pUrva) aura dattila ne bhI uparokta vargIkaraNa ko mAnyatA pradAna kii| 1. tata (kArDophonika)-tAroM se svara utpanna karane vAle vAdya, jaise-sitAra, vINA, ekatArA aadi| 2. vitata (maimbrenophonika)-isa zreNI meM camar3e se mar3he hue tAla vAdya Ate haiM, jaise mRdaMga, muraja, huDukkA aadi| 3. ghana (ATophonika)-isa zreNI ke vAdyoM se svara nikAlane ke lie vAdyoM ko Apasa meM TakarAyA athavA gharSaNa kiyA jAtA hai jaise-tAla, maMjIrA, karatAla aadi| 4. suSira (eyarophonika)-isa zreNI meM phUMka athavA havA se bajane vAle vAdya Ate haiM, jaise-bAMsurI kAhalA, zaMkha, bIna aadi| inameM tata aura suSira mukhyataH svara vAdya haiM tathA vitata aura dhana laya vAdya haiN| nArada ne saMgIta makaranda meM tIna hI vargIkaraNa kiye haiM-Anaddha, tata aura ghn| bauddha sAhitya meM pAMca vargIkaraNa prApta hote haiM-Atata, vitata, Atata-vitata, ghana aura sussir| IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI se pUrva kohala ne ghana, suSira, carmabaddha aura taMtrI nAmaka cAra vAdya bheda kiye the| dUsarI se chaThI zatAbdI I. ke madhya racita tamila ke saMgama graMthoM meM hameM pAMca varga prApta hote haiM, tola-karuvi (tola=camar3A), naraMpu-karuvi (naraMpu-tAMta), tulaI-karuvi (tulaI-chidra), kaMja-karuvi (kaMja-dhAtu) aura miTAtru-karuvi (maanvkNtth-dhvni)| tamila vAdya meM karuvi kA artha hai-vaady| ___ Aja pUre vizva meM jainAgamoM evaM bhAratanATyazAstra meM prApta cAra vargIkaraNa hI vyApaka rUpa meM svIkRta haiN| navInatama prayAsoM ke anusa Adhunika ilekTrAnika vAdyoM ko eka ora chor3a dene para bhI ghana vAdyoM ke solaha, avanaddha ke gyAraha, suSira ke bAraha aura tata ke pandraha bheda upalabdha haiN| vAdya koza kI rUparekhA prastuta koza meM tata, vitata, ghana aura suSira vAdyoM kI kula saMkhyA 108 hai| unako akArAdi anukrama se saMyojita kiyA gayA haiN| isameM mUla zabda prAkRta bhASA ke haiN| ve moTe, gahare TAipa meM kramAMka se anugata haiN| unake sAmane koSThaka meM saMskRta chAyA dI gaI hai| jisa zabda kI chAyA nahIM banatI yAnI jo dezI zabda haiM ve mUla zabda hI koSThaka meM diye gaye haiN| yadi kisI zabda kA pAThAntara hai to usake Age (pA.) likhakara pAThAntara ko sUcita kiyA gayA hai| koSThaka ke Age pramANa sthala kA nirdeza hai| mUla prAkata zabda ke nIce hindI ke paryAya tathA kvacita anyAnya bhASAoM ke paryAya bhI diye haiN| eka hI zabda ke aneka vAdya prApta hone para una sabhI vAdyoM kA alaga-alaga varNana kiyA gayA hai| koza meM ullikhita vivaraNa aneka graMthoM se cayanita hone ke kAraNa isameM bhASA kI ekarUpatA nahIM hai, phira bhI viSaya kI pUrI jAnakArI ho ske| isake lie bhASA kA yatra-tatra parimArjana bhI kiyA gayA hai| 1. (ka) bharata nATya 28/3-tataM tantrIkRtaM zeyamavanaddhaM tu pauSkaram / ghana tAtastu vijJeyaH suSiro vaMza ucyte|| (kha) saMgIta cUr3AmaNi pR. 69-dattitena tu AnaddhaM tataM ghanaM suSiraM ceti caturvidhaM vAdyaM kIrtitam /

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(nau) jainAgamoM, vyAkhyAkAroM aura saMgIta graMthoM meM prApta varNana meM paraspara saMvAditA na hone para vimarza bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| DaoN. lAlamaNi mizra kI pustaka 'bhAratIya saMgIta vAdya', bI. caitanyadeva kI pustaka vAdya yaMtra', ema. e. puraMdara kI pustaka-'bhAratIya vAdya galu', zannokhurAnA kI pustaka 'rAjasthAna kA loka saMgIta' Adi pustakoM kA isameM kAphI upayoga kiyA gayA hai| aMta meM tIna pariziSTa diye gae haiM-- prathama pariziSTa meM akArAdi krama se prAkRta zabda tathA usake hindI Adi artha diye gaye haiN| dvitIya pariziSTa meM mUla prAkRta zabda tathA tata, vitata, ghana aura suSira vAdyoM kI tAlikA dI gaI hai| tRtIya pariziSTa meM saMdarbha graMtha sUcI prastuta kI gaI hai| AbhAra jIvana nirmAtA paramArAdhya gaNAdhipati zrI tulasI evaM hamAre preraNAsrota AcAryazrI mahAprajJajI 20vIM zatAbdI ke Agama-divAkara haiN| unake pratyakSa nirdezana meM yaha kArya saMpAdita karane kA saubhAgya hameM prApta huA / jaina vizva bhAratI dvArA prAyojita Agama sAhitya prakAzana ke aMtargata prakAzita sAre zodha-graMtha inake antaHdarzana (Tntuition) kI lejara kiraNoM kI painI pahuMca ke kAraNa samagra vidvajjagat meM prazaMsanIya hue haiN| prastuta graMtha meM bhI yatra-tatra jo unmeSa Ae haiM, unameM unakI prajJA kA akalpanIya yoga haiN| zraddheya yuvAcAryazrI mahAzramaNajI kI preraNA, protsAhana ne isa kArya ko gati pradAna kI hai| isa zrama sAdhya kArya meM munizrI dhanaMjayakumArajI kA avismaraNIya sahayoga evaM mArga darzana prApta hotA rahA, jisase yaha duruha kArya saMbhava ho skaa| zrI saMdIpa kumAra mehatA (borAbar3a) kA lipikaraNa Adi kAryoM meM sahayoga rahA hai| bhAratIya saMgIta vAdya pustaka ko upalabdha karAne meM zAsanasevI zrI mAMgIlAlajI seThiyA kA ullekhanIya sahayoga rhaa| prakAzana-vyavasthA meM jaina vizva bhAratI ke maMtrI zrI bhAgacaMdajI baraDiyA tathA bhAI zrI kizana jaina niSThA se sakriya rahe haiN| jJAta-ajJAta, pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se jina-jinakA sahayoga prApta huA haiM, unake prati kRtajJatA evaM shubhaashNsaa| AzA hai prastuta graMtha na kevala Agama adhyetAoM ke lie apitu isa kSetra meM zodha kArya karane vAle adhyetAoM ke lie bhI upayogI siddha hogaa| rAjasamaMda muni vIrendra kumAra muni jaya kumAra 5 jUna 2004

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(dasa) saMketa-sUcI anu. - pajjo . - pajjosanA kalpa abhi. - praznavyA.-- praznavyAkaraNa A. cU. bhaga. - bhagavatI anuyogadvAra abhidhAna ciMtAmaNi koza AyAra cUlA uttarajjhayaNANi uvAsagadasAo aupapAtika utta. rAja. - rAja. TI. rAjapraznIya rAjapraznIya TIkA uvA. au. sama. jambU. jambUdvIpa prajJapti rAja. samavAyAMga rAjasthAnI saMgIta ratnAkara gujarAtI jJAtA. - jIvA. jJAtAdharmakathA jIvAjIvAbhigama saM. ra. guja. kanna. - ThANaM sthAnAMga - baM. - dazA. ni. cU. pA. dazAzrutaskaMdha nizItha cUrNi u. pra. - nisi. - kannar3a baMgAlI uttarapradeza nizItha sUyagar3o pAThAntara - - prajJA. prajJApanA sUya.

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ADambaro (ADambara)-ThANaM 7/42, anuyogadvAra- isa vAdya para bajAI jAtI hai| musalamAna isako 301, nagAr3A, nakkArA nakkArA kahate haiM, nagAr3A isI kA bigar3A huA rUpa hai| rAjasthAna ke zekhAvaTI aura alavara kSetra meM nagAr3A vAdana kI pratiyogitAeM Ayojita kI jAtI haiN| nagAr3A yuddha ke vAdyoM ke sAtha bahuta prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| kintu Ajakala rAjasthAna ke utsavoM meM isakA pracAra adhika hai| nRtya maNDaliyoM meM isakA prayoga saMgati ke lie bhI hotA hai| maMdiroM meM isa vAdya kA prayoga adhika dekhane ko milatA hai| uttarapradeza kI nauTaMkI meM yaha nakkArA ke nAma se prayukta hotA hai| tathA isake bar3e bhAga kA pichalA hissA kucha nukIlA banAyA jAtA hai| vimarza-bhAratIya saMgIta ke lekhaka pro. kRSNarAva AkAra-naubata vAdya se kucha choTe isa vAdya kA gaNeza mUle evaM vAdya prakAza ke lekhaka AkAra do kaToroM ke samAna hotA hai| jinameM eka vidyAvilAsI paMDita ne ADambara zabda ko vaidika choTA aura dUsarA bar3A hotA hai| bar3A kaTorA tAMbe yagIna batAte hae vINA kA hI eka bheda mAnA hai| kA tathA choTA lohe kA banA hotA hai| bar3e kaTore DaoN. lAla maNi mizra ne apanI pustaka "bhAratIya para bhaiMsa kI tathA choTe para UMTa kI khAla mar3hI saMgIta vAdya" meM ADambara vAdya ko vINA ke hotI hai| yaha khAla camar3e kI baddhiyoM kI sahAyatA antargata spaSTataH svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| lekina se kasI jAtI hai| jaina AgamoM ke TIkAkAroM evaM kozakAroM ne vivaraNa-pUre uttara bhArata meM milane vAlA yaha eka ADambara zabda kA artha paTaha, nagAr3A karate hue avanaddha-vAdya hai| yaha eka vyakti ke dvArA do avanaddha (vitata) vAdya ke antargata svIkAra kiyA DaNDiyoM se bajAyA jAtA hai| bar3A nagAr3A nIce hai| isalie ADambara ko avanaddha vAdya ke svara meM tathA choTA nagAr3A bahuta UMce svara meM antargata liyA gayA hai| milAyA jAtA hai| donoM meM se choTe kI AvAja painI hotI hai| jise mAdi yA mAdA kahA jAtA hai| AmoTa, Amota pA. (AmoTa, Amota pA.) jabaki bar3e kI AvAja bhArI hotI hai, use nara rAja.-77 kahA jAtA hai| isake svara kI UMcAI ke lie prAyaH ise Aga meM seMkate hai| bar3e nagAr3e kI sataha AmoTa, maMjIrA, maMjIra, mjiiraa| meM eka cheda hotA hai jisase pAnI DAlakara Upara AkAra-tAla vAdya ke sdRsh| mar3hI khAla taka pahuMcAyA jAtA hai, jisake kAraNa vivaraNa-prAcIna kAla meM yaha vAdya tAla se choTA usakA svara nIcA hotA hai| kaharavA dAdarA ke evaM dhvani meM lagabhaga dhuMgharuoM ke samAna hotA thaa| atirikta vibhinna kaThina tAle tathA layakAriyA bhI yaha kAMsA, pItala, phUla tathA aSTadhAtu kA banAyA Jain Education Intemational .

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2 jAtA thA, jinakA vyAsa lagabhaga 4 aMgula hotA thaa| isakA madhya kSetra bhI stanAkAra aura chidrayukta hotA thaa| usa chidra se sutalI pirokara aMguliyoM meM lapeTa kara vAdana kiyA jAtA thA / vartamAna meM yaha vAdya do choTI- gaharI gola paTTiyoM ke sadRza pItala tAMbA Adi ke mizraNa se banAyA jAtA haiN| pratyeka paTTI kA madhya bhAga pyAlI ke AkAra kA hotA hai, jisase unakA pUrA bhAga ekadUsare kA sparza kara sake / bajAne kI suvidhA ke lie donoM maMjIroM ke kinAre kA bhAga patalA hotA haiN| dhAtuoM ke mizraNa, prakAra, vajana, AkAra Adi para maMjIre kI dhvani nirbhara karatI hai| eka vizeSa prakAra kA nRtya 'terA tAlI' maMjIroM kI sahAyatA se hI utpanna huA hai| kasakuTa ke bane maMjIre kAMzI kahe jAte haiM jo AkAra meM sAmAnya maMjIroM se kucha bar3e hote haiN| loka saMgIta evaM bhakti saMgIta ke sAtha isakA vizeSa prayoga hotA hai| maNipura evaM tibbata ke nikaTavartI kSetroM meM ise AmoTa kahate haiN| AliMga (AliGga) jIvA. 3 / 78 rAja. 77 AliGga AkAra - gomukhI ke samAna pratIta hone vAlA eka avanaddha vAdya, jise vAdaka apane zarIra se AliMgita karake bajAtA thaa| vivaraNa - vartamAna meM yaha vAdya prApta nahIM hai| isake AkAra-prakAra evaM bajAne kI vidhi kA spaSTa ullekha bhI kahIM nahIM hai| anumAna ke AdhAra para zrI manamohana ghoSa ne nATyazAstra ke aMgrejI anuvAda meM AliMgya ko vAdaka ke zarIra se AliMgita rahane vAlA vAdya mAnA hai| vI. caitanyadeva ne vAdya yaMtra (pR. 35) meM ise eka bAMha meM dabAkara dUsarI ora se bajAne vAlA vAdya kahA hai| jaina Agama vAdya koza vimarza - DaoN. lAla maNi mizra ne apane zodha prabaMdha bhAratIya saMgIta vAdya pR. 90-91 meM AliMgya ko svataMtra vAdya na mAnakara mRdaMga kA hI eka hissA mAnA hai| zrI manamohana ghoSa evaM zrI mUle ne ise svataMtra vAdya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai 1 rAjapraznIya sUtra 77 meM bhI muraja, mRdaMga ke bAda AliMga zabda kA prayoga huA hai, jo isake svataMtra vAdya hone kA pramANa hai| (vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie draSTavya-bhAratIya saMgIta vAdya) kaMsatAla (kAMsyatAla) nisi. 17/138 rAja. 77, jambU 3/31 kAMsyatAla AkAra - yaha kAMse kI kamalinI ke patra ke AkAra kI hotI hai| isakA vyAsa 13 aMgula kA hotA hai| isake bIca do aMgula pramANa kI golAI tathA eka aMgula pramANa kI gaharAI vAlI nAbhi hotI hai| vivaraNa- tAla vAdya kI bhAMti isameM bhI madhya meM cheda hotA hai| jisameM alaga-alaga DorI DAlakara bhItara se gAMTha lagA dI jAtI hai| Upara kI ora usI DorI meM kapar3A lapeTakara isa prakAra bAMdha dete haiM ki vaha donoM hAthoM kI muTThiyoM meM pakar3ane ke lie mUTha kA kAma kreN| isake mukhya bola jhanakara kahe gaye haiN| prAcIna tathA madhya yugIna saMgIta - graMthAM meM isa vAdya ko ghana vAdya ke antargata liyA gayA hai| mAnasollAsa, saMgIta ratnAkara, saMgIta vizArada Adi prAyaH sabhI granthoM meM isakA ullekha prApta hotA hai| prAyaH devI-devatAoM kI stuti, maMdirA evaM zobhAyAtrA ke samaya tathA anya utsavoM para isakA prayoga kiyA jAtA | vimarza - aneka saMgItajJoM ne kAMsyatAla ko jhAMjha, jhallari kA hI paryAya mAnA hai| kintu yaha saMgata pratIta nahIM hotaa| kyoMki bhakta kavi kRSNadAsa ne

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+ jaina Agama vAdya koza jhAMjha, jhAlara aura maMjIrA kA alaga-alaga ullekha kiyA hai, jisase yaha patA calatA hai ki ye tInoM vAdya paraspara bhinna the| rAjapraznIya sUtra 77 meM bhI jhallari, jhAMjha ke bAda kAMsyatAla zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, jo kAMsyatAla ko jhAMjha aura jhallara se pRthak karatA hai| (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya- saMgIta vizArada, saMgIta sAra, saMgIta dAmodara) kacchabhI (kacchapI) rAja. 77, jIvA. 3/588, jambU. 3/31, jJAtA. 17/22 kacchapI vINA AkAra - isa vAdya kA AkAra phUle hue kachue kI pITha kI taraha hotA hai| isalie isako kacchapI vINA kahate haiN| isake khokhale peTa para camar3A mar3hA hotA hai, jo grIvA taka jAtA hai| kama lambAI vAle daMDa ke Upara eka ardhacandrAkAra meru lagA hotA hai, jisa para hokara pAMca tAra daMDa ke dUsare sire para lagI khUMTI taka jAte haiN| vivaraNa - binA parde evaM choTI gardana vAlI vINAoM meM sabase prAcIna kacchapI vINA thI, jise khIMca kara bajAyA jAtA thaa| kucha vidvAnoM ne kachuvAbIna athavA kachuA ke nAma se eka tata vAdya kA varNana kiyA hai, jo prAcIna kacchapI vINA se sarvathA bhinna sitAra kA hI eka bheda hai| prAcIna guphAoM, stUpoM, maMdiroM Adi kI mUrtiyoM meM citrita kiye gaye vAdyoM meM kacchapI vINA ke darzana hote haiN| AbAnera sthita harasata mAtA ke maMdira meM saMgItajJA kI eka mUrti ke hAtha meM sthita vINA prAcIna kacchapI vINA kI smRti ko tarotAjA kara detI hai| vimarza - nisi. 17/138 meM kacchapI ko ghana vAdya ke antargata liyA hai| nisi ke TIkAkAra ne "caturaMgulo dIho vA vRttAkRti" kahakara ghana vAdya hI svIkAra kiyA hai| kiMtu jJAtA. 17/32, rAja. 77 meM kacchapI ko vINA kA vAcaka mAnA hai| bharata nATya zAstra 33 / 15 meM maharSi bharata ne tatavAdyoM ke aMga tathA pratyaMga vAdyoM ke vivecana meM kacchapI vINA ko pratyaMga vAdya kahA hai| zrI manamohana ghoSa, sudhAkalaza evaM vidyAvilAsI paMDita Adi saMgItajJoM ne kacchapI ko vINA kA hI vAcaka mAnA hai| ukta vimarza se aisA lagatA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM kacchapI nAma ke do vAdya the jo tata vAdya ke rUpa meM svIkRta the| Adhunika saMgItajJoM ne kacchapI ko vINA kA vAcaka mAnA hai| isalie yahAM kacchapI ko vINA ke artha meM .

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4 svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| (vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie draSTavya-bhAratIya saMgIta vAdya, vAdya yaMtra) kacchabhI (kacchapI) nisi. 17/138 kcchpii| AkAra-tAla sadRza vivaraNa - yaha vAdya prAcIna tAla vAdya se AkAra meM kucha choTA hotA hai| kAMsA, pItala, phUla tathA aSTa dhAtu kA banatA haiM jisakA vyAsa lagabhaga cAra aMgula hotA hai| isakA madhya kSetra bhI stanAkAra hotA hai jahAM eka chidra hotA hai jisameM sUtalI piroyI rahatI hai| usako aMguliyoM meM lapeTa kara isakA vAdana karate haiN| vartamAna samaya meM vivAhAdika mAMgalika avasaroM para Dholaka ke sAtha gAna karatI huI grAmINa mahilAeM isakA vAdana karatI haiN| vimarza - nisi. 17/138 meM kacchapI ko ghana vAdya ke antargata liyA hai| nisi cU. dvi. 61 a meM "caturaMgulI dIho vA vRttAkRti" kahakara isako cAra aMgula vyAsa vAlA athavA cAra aMgula bar3A vRttAkRti vAdya kahA hai, jo uparokta vAdya vivaraNa ke sadRza hai| saMbhavatayA tAla vAdya ke sadRza hone ke kAraNa prAcIna granthakAroM ne isakA alaga se ullekha karanA Avazyaka nahIM smjhaa| (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-bhAratIya saMgIta vAdya) kacchabhI (kacchapI) rAja. 77, jIvA. 3/588, jambU. 3/31 kacchapI sitAra, sarasvatI vINA AkAra - uttara bhAratIya vINAoM ke sadRza / SUDSK jaina Agama vAdya koza vivaraNa - yaha vAdya vINA kA hI eka parivartita rUpa hai, jisake nIce eka capaTA tumbA lagA rahatA hai| tumbA grIvA ke eka ora cipakA hotA hai aura isakA UparI bhAga kASThaphalaka se DhakA hotA hai, jo capaTA yA thor3A sA phulA huA hotA hai| grIvA se eka lambI daMDa jur3I hotI hai, jise daMDI kahA jAtA hai| isake Upara pItala ke uttala parde lage hote haiM, jinheM vAMchita sthAna taka khisakAyA jA sakatA I capaTA tumbA hone ke kAraNa isa vAdya ko kachuvA sitAra, kacchapI sitAra bhI kahate haiN| (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya vAdya yaMtra) kaDaMba, karaMba pA. (kaDaMba, karamba pA.) rAja. 77 gaMjIrA, khaMjarI, kaMjIrA (dakSiNa), kaDaMba (kazmIra) dimar3I (mahArASTra) AkAra - Dhapha se choTA / vivaraNa- isa vAdya meM lagabhaga 30 senTImITara vyAsa kA lakar3I, pItala yA lohe kA banA eka th .

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jaina Agama vAdya koza DhAMcA hotA hai aura yaha eka khAla se mar3hA hotA hai| yaha khAla itanI khiMcI rahatI hai ki isako bajAte samaya ise r3hIlA karane ke lie gIle kapar3e se poMchate rahanA par3atA hai| vAdya ko aMgulI aura hathelI kA prayoga kara bajAyA jAtA hai| khaMjarI aura Dhaka meM kevala vyAsa kA hI aMtara ullekhanIya nahIM hai| khAsa aMtara yaha hai kI khaMjarI meM pItala kI choTI-choTI jhAMjha kI jor3iyAM DhIlI lagI hotI haiM jo bajAne para madhara jhaMkAra vivaraNa-dakSiNa bhArata meM zAstrIya saMgIta sabhAoM utpanna karatI haiN| meM prayukta hone vAlA yaha vAdya apanI alaga hI uparokta khaMjarI se choTI binA jhAMjha kI khaMjarI / pahacAna rakhatA hai| bhI hotI hai jo lagabhaga vAlista bhara kA phAsalA sta bhara kA phAsalA kASTha se nirmita isa vAdya kA AkAra kucha choTA rakhakara hAtha meM pakar3I jAtI hai aura dasare ke dvArA aura jhillI kI parte lagabhaga usI nApa kI hotI bajAyI jAtI hai| haiN| jhillI challoM para car3hI hotI hai, jo camar3e kI DoriyoM se eka dUsare se jur3e rahate haiN| vAdaka khaMjarI bher3a, bakarI, baila yA bhaiMse kI khAla se eka ora lakar3I se dUsarI ora aMguliyoM se banatI hai lekina kaMjIrA aura choTI khaMjarI eka bajAtA hai| ise itanI tAkata se bajAyA jAtA hai kisma kI chipakalI kI khAla se banatI hai| cUMki ki aMguliyoM kI rakSA aura AvAja kA vAMchita camar3A vAdya ko banAne ke daurAna hI DhAMce para kasa asara paidA karane ke lie aMguliyoM ke poroM para kara mar3ha diyA jAtA hai aura milAne kI guMjAiza gola paTTiyAM bAMdha lI jAtI hai| nahIM hotI isalie yaha vAdya bArIka saMgIta ke loka bhASA meM ise kaNaka, tavila ke nAma se jAnA upayukta nahIM hotaa| jAtA hai| mRdaMgam ke samAna pIpe ke AkAra kA yaha rAjasthAna meM kAlabeliyA aura jogiyoM kI hone ke kAraNa ise harItikI vAdya bhI kahate hai| maMDalI dvArA bajAyA jAtA hai| mahArASTra meM ise dimar3I, uttara bhArata meM khaMjarI, dakSiNa bhArata meM kaMjIrA, gaMjIrA aura kazmIra meM kaDaMba ke nAma se kaNita (kvaNita) jIvA. 3/588 jAnA jAtA hai| pAvA, vaMza-pAvA, kvnnitaa| (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-vAdya yaMtra) AkAra-bAMsurI ke sdRsh| vivaraNa-yaha vAdya nAthendra vaMzI kA eka bheda hai| isakA bAMsa nau aMgula kA hotA hai| isake mukha kaNaka (kanaka) praznavyA. 4/4 para bAMsa kI pattI lapeTa kara loka-rIti se isakA kaNaka, tavila (dakSiNa), hriitikii| vAdana kiyA jAtA hai| ise vaMza-pAvA bhI kahate haiN| AkAra-mRdaMga ke sdRsh| (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-saMgIta ratnAkara)

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jaina Agama vAdya koza karar3a (karaTa) jIvA. 3/588 rAja. 77 vivaraNa-vibhinna AkRtiyoM va kismoM meM vikasita karaTA, karaTa, krttii| yaha vAdya prAyaH sabhI prAntoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| ise AkAra-Dhola ke samAna pratIta hone vaalaa| loka saMgIta meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai| isakA nirmANa khera kI lakar3I yA Thosa bAMsa ke Tukar3oM se vivaraNa-yaha vAdya vijayasAra kI kASTha dvArA hotA hai| cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta yaha vAdya lagabhaga banAyA jAtA hai| jisakA piNDa 24 yA 21 aMgula do aMgula caur3A va bAraha aMgula lambA hotA hai| kA hotA hai| isakI paridhi 40 aMgula kI hotI hai| donoM mukhoM para car3hAva kI rIti se tIna-tIna isakA eka bhAga aMgUThA tathA tarjanI ke madhya tathA tAMta ke tAra bAMdhe jAte haiM tathA donoM makhoM para dUsarA tarjanI aura madhyamA ke bIca isa prakAra kATha yA lohe ke kar3e lagAkara unheM komala camar3e dabAyA jAtA hai jisase donoM bhAgoM ke bhItarI se lapeTa diyA jAtA hai| una kar3oM meM 14-14 cheda kinAre AsAnI se eka-dUsare kA sparza kara skeN| karake phira karaTA ke donoM mukha Dhola kI bhAMti mar3ha isI prakAra donoM hAthoM meM cAroM hissoM ko pakar3a diye jAte haiN| una 14 chedoM meM bIca-bIca ke chedoM kara maNibaMdha ko hilAte hue vAdana kiyA jAtA hai| isake vAdana se kiTa-kiTa kI dhvani nikalatI hai| ko chor3akara use kasane ke lie lie camar3e kI bandrI lagAI jAtI hai| usake khAlI chidroM meM phira Ajakala ise dhAtu kA bhI banAte haiN| baMgAla meM patale camar3e kI badrI pahale kI hI bhAMti lagAI isakA adhika pracAra dekhane ko milatA hai| jAtI hai, jisase baddhiyAM car3hAva-utAra yukta ho ___ Adhunika yuga meM pracalita karadhAna bIca meM do jAtI haiN| isake donoM kar3oM ke pAsa se eka tIna aMgula vistAra ke hote haiM tathA donoM agrabhAgoM taka aMgula caur3I camar3e kI paTTI bAMdhI jAtI hai jise kramazaH patale tathA nukIle ho jAte haiN| gale meM laTakA kara athavA kamara se bAMdhakara beMta (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-saMgIta sAra) kI DaNDI se, jo agra bhAga se mur3I huI, lagabhaga eka hAtha kI hotI hai, hAtha meM pakar3a kara vAdana kalatAla (karatAla, talatAla pA.) jambU. 3/31 kriyA karate haiN| karatAla, khar3atAla, kaThatAla, rAma gir3agir3I, (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-bhAratIya saMgIta ziTaziTI tatta gir3agir3I (vajra) vAdya) AkAra-lagabhaga pAMca iMca se dasa iMca lambe evaM lagabhaga do iMca caur3e do caturbhuja AkAra ke karaTi, karar3I (karaTI) jIvA. 3/588 lakar3I ke Tukar3e jinameM jhanajhanAhaTa karane vAle karaTA, karaTa krttii| laTakana lage hotA haiN| (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-karar3a) vivaraNa-karatAla eka ghana vAdya hai, jisameM khaMjarI ke samAna pIpala kI do choTI jhAMjhoM ke do sthAnoM para eka-eka jor3I lagI rahatI hai| yaha cAra Tukar3oM karadhANa (karadhmAna) jambU. 3/31 meM hotI hai jisameM do Tukar3e donoM hAthoM ke aMgUThoM kamrA, kamrikA, kamrATa, karadhAna, kaasstthtaal| meM tathA do donoM hAthoM kI uMgaliyoM meM pahanakara AkAra-kaThatAla ke sdRsh| bajAte haiN| isI uddezya se do Tukar3oM ke madhya

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jaina Agama vAdya koza aMgUThA praveza ke yogya chidra rahatA hai tathA do pAMca mukha banAye jAte the| isameM bIca kA eka Tukar3oM meM cAra aMguliyAM praveza kara sakeM, itanA mukha bar3A tathA zeSa mukha usase kucha choTe AkAra bar3A cheda rahatA hai| ke hote the| isa prakAra kA eka paMcamakhI ghaTa Aja bhinna-bhinna layoM ke pradarzana ke lie bhakti saMgIta bhI madrAsa myUjiyama meM rakhA hai| isake vAdana kI tathA kucha nRtyoM meM isakA prayoga hotA hai| vidhi kA ullekha bahuta spaSTa prApta nahIM hotaa| rAjasthAna meM karatAla tandUrA aura ekatArA ke (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-bhAratIya saMgIta sAtha prayoga kI jAtI hai| mahArASTra meM eka vizeSa vAdya) prakAra kI karatAla hotI hai jise cimpar3I kahate haiN| jo prAtaHkAlIna cAraNa (vAsudeva) ke hAtha meM kiNiya, kiNita (kiNita) rAja. 77 dekhI jA sakatI hai| jambU.3/37 karatAla vAdana meM tIvratA aura vicitratA ke lie lakar3I kI kaMghI aura anAja phaTakane vAle sUpa ko Dhola Dhaka bhI dAne ke sAtha prayoga meM lAte haiN| AkAra-sAmAnyataH belnaakaar| vivaraNa-sampUrNa bhArata meM pAe jAne vAlA yaha vAdya belanAkAra se lekara pIpe sadRza taka hotA hai| jo kalasiyA (kalazikA) rAja. 77 andara se polA evaM donoM ora camar3e se mar3hA kalaza, paMcamukha vAdya, trimukha vaady| rahatA hai| ise lohe kI sIdhI aura capaTI paratoM AkAra-kalaza jaisaa| ko Apasa meM jor3akara banAte haiN| ina paratoM ko jor3ane ke lie lohe aura tAMbe kI kIleM bArIbArI se prayoga kI jAtI haiN| isa vAdya para bakare kI khAla mar3hI rahatI hai| vAdya ko kasane-mar3hane ke lie kuNDala athavA gajare kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| ise kasane ke lie DorI kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, jisameM pIpala ke challe par3e hote haiN| isakA nara bhAga DaMDI ke dvArA. mAdA bhAga hAtha se bajAyA jAtA hai| zAyada hI aisA koI prAnta ho jahAM Dhola kA koI na koI rUpa pracalita na ho| Dhola mukhya rUpa se tyauhAroM ke avasara para bajAyA jAtA hai| yaha nRtya maMDaliyoM meM bhI saMgati karane ke prayoga meM lAyA jAtA hai| prAcIna samaya meM khatare kA sAmanA karane evaM vadha ke vivaraNa-isa vAdya kA muMha camar3e se mar3hA hotA thA, samaya nagara ke madhya meM isakA vAdana kiyA jAtA jo ekamukhI se lekara paMcamukhI taka hotA thA, thaa| nepAla evaM aneka AdivAsI kSetroM meM Aja bhI jisameM ghaTa ke mukha ke sthAna para do, tIna athavA pazuvadha ke avasara para ise bajAyA jAtA hai| .

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jaina Agama vAdya koza vimarza-jainAgamoM ke atirikta 'kiNita' zabda kA cikanI miTTI yA dhAtu kI banAI jAtI haiN| isa ullekha vAdya ke artha meM vedoM evaM saMgIta granthoM meM vAdya rUpI ghar3e kA peTa bar3A, gardana lambI evaM muMha prApta nahIM hotaa| vyavahAra bhASya 4/3 TI. pR. saMkucita hotA hai| 21 meM ise "vadha ke samaya nagara ke madhya bajAe vivaraNa-isa vAdya ko do prakAra se bajAyA jAtA jAne vAlA vAdya" kahA hai| lagatA hai kiNita vAdya hai| pahale prakAra meM ghaTa ko apanI goda meM sIdhA kA nAma prayoga ke AdhAra para rakhA gyaa| isIlie rakhakara hAtha kI hathelI se usakA mukha banda karate prastuta zabda ko Dhola kA paryAya mAnA gyaa| tathA kholate haiM, jisase ghaTa ke bhItara vyApta vAyu para dabAva par3atA hai aura usameM gaMbhIra dhvani utpanna kirikiriya (kirikiriya) A. cU. 11/3 hotI hai| yaha dhvani tabalA ke DaggI athavA Dholaka kirikiriya, kirikiTTaka, shuktivaady| ke vAma mukha ke anurUpa hotI hai| dAhine hAtha kI uMgaliyoM se athavA dhAtu kI kisI kaThora vastu aakaar-srpaakaar| ko cuTakI meM pakar3a kara ghaTa para prahAra karate haiM, vivaraNa-yaha 8 senTImITara se adhika caur3A tathA jisase tAla-vAdyoM ke dAhine mukha kI dhvani kA eka mITara se kucha jyAdA lambA eka ghanavAdya hai| bhAsa hotA hai| dakSiNa bhArata meM ise bajAne ke ise kAMse athavA lohe se banAyA jAtA hai. jisameM lie vAdaka apanI kamIja utArakara jamIna para eka sire kI zakla sAMpa ke phana jaisI hotI hai| baiThatA hai| ghar3e kA muMha vAdaka ke peTa se lagA isake saMpUrNa zarIra meM eka-eka aMgula dUrI para rahatA hai tathA ghar3A usakI goda meM rakhA rahatA hai| Adhe yava pramANa uThI huI rekhAeM hotI haiN| eka ise maMha para nahIM bajAyA jaataa| ghaTama-vAdaka ghaDe loha koNa se ina rekhAoM kA Ar3A-tirachA sparza ke maMha ke sAmane sthita apane peTa kA kauzalapUrNa karate hue vAdana kiyA jAtA hai| isameM se kirakira, upayoga karake ghaTama se vividha dhvaniyoM ko utpanna kirakira kI dhvani utpanna hotI hai| kara sakatA hai| karnATaka ke 13 zatAbdI ke aneka huisala maMdiroM isa prakAra ke vAdana se dakSiNI mRdaMga ke sabhI meM kirikiTTaka vAdaka kI adbhuta pratimAeM dekhI jA bola bajAye jAte hai| dakSiNI saMgIta kI sakatI haiN| saMgoSThiyoM meM kabhI-kabhI tAla-vAdya goSThI kA bhI sAraMgadeva ne saMgIta-ratnAkara 6/1200 meM loka Ayojana hotA hai jisameM mRdaMgam, maMjIrA (khaMjarI) pracalita vAdya kirikiTTaka ko hI zuktivAdya kahA tathA ghaTam (ghaTa) tInoM ke vAdaka kramazaH eka-dUsare hai| kabIlAI evaM loka-nRtyoM meM isa vAdya kA ke bAda vAdana karate hai| tathA kaThina evaM druta gati vizeSa upayoga kiyA jAtA hai| ke boloM kA camatkAra dikhAte haiN| dakSiNI zAstrIya (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya- saMgIta ratnAkara) kaNTha saMgIta ke sAtha saMgati meM bhI prAyaH ghaTa kA prayoga hotA hai| uttara bhArata meM isa vAdya ko loka vAdya kI zreNI kuMbhA (kumbhA) rAja. 77 meM aura dakSiNa bhArata meM ghaTam ke nAma se zAstrIya kuMbha, ghar3A, maTakI, kalaza vAdyoM meM ginA jAtA hai| AkAra-loka saMgIta meM isa vAdya kI kisameM,

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jaina Agama vAdya koza kukkayayaM (kukkayayaM) sUya. 1/4/38 tuMbavINA, khuMkhuNaka, rabAba / AkAra-Adhunika saroda tathA sAraMgI ke madhya kA vaady| kA aura caturbhuja tumbe kaa| isameM cAra mukhya tAra hote haiM jo tAMta ke bane hote haiN| eka lohe kA tAra hotA hai, jise cikArI kI bhAMti prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| siMdha prAMta meM ise khuMkhuNaka bhI kahate haiN| sUtrakRtAMga TI. pR. 116 meM "kukkayayaM ti khuMkhuNakam' kahakara khuMkhuNakam kahA hai| jaina rAmAyaNa meM bhI "khuNaNa-khuNaNa bAjai rabAba" kahakara rabAba kI pahacAna dI hai| kukkayaya (kukkayaya) sU. 1/4/38 jhunajhanA, jhuMjhanI, khulakhulA, khuMkhunA, gilkii| AkAra-nAriyala sdRsh| vivaraNa-nAriyala kA khola jhunajhunA jaise lokavivaraNa yaha eka binA parne ii aura kolI sItA vAdya kI hI eka kisma hai| thor3e se bIja yA kaMkarI vAlI vINA hai| kazmIra se lekara aphagAnistAna aMdara DAlakara isake muMha ko baMda kara diyA jAtA hai| taka isakA pracAra dekhane ko milatA hai, jahAM nAriyala ke khopare meM Amataura para eka mUTha bhI lagI isake tAra ko khIMca kara bajAte haiN| isa vINA meM hotI hai jise pakar3akara ise hilA-hilAkara bajAyA do se sAta taka tAra hote haiN| 'Aine akabarI' meM jAtA hai| ye sabhI Adima aura prAkRtika jhunajhune rabAba kI SaT taMtrIya, bAraha taMtrIya aura aThAraha nizcaya hI una dhAtu tathA lakar3I ke bane pariSkRta taMtrIya vAlA bhI kahA hai| jhunajhunoM ke AraMbhika rUpa haiM, jo prAyaH baccoM ke jhuMjhanI, khulakhulA, khaMkhunA aura gilakI nAmaka kazmIra meM Ajakala pracalita rabAba polI lakar3I khilaunoM ke rUpa meM dikhAI par3ate haiN| kA banA hotA hai| svara-peTI khAla se DhakI hotI (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-vAdya yaMtra) hai| daMDa meM khUTI lagI hotI hai| isa daMDa para eka patalA meru hotA hai jisake Upara tAMta kI chaha taMtrIyAM hotI haiM jo khaMTIyoM se kasI jAtI haiN| kutuMba, kuttuMbaka (kustumba, kustumbaka) rAja. 77, inake atirikta dhAtu kI gyAraha taMtrIyAM hotI haiM. jIvA. 3/78 jo anugUMja kA kArya karatI haiN| daMDa ke Ara-pAra kustumba, gopucchA, yvaakRti| isake dUra vAle sire ke tIna tAMta baMdhI rahatI haiM, AkAra-mRdaMga sdRsh| jo suroM kI sthiti kI ora iMgita karatI haiN| bAda vivaraNa-yaha vAdya mRdaMga jAti kA hI eka anavaddha meM vAdyoM meM isI prakriyA ko dhAtu ke paryoM ke rUpa vAdya thA, jo eka sire para kAphI caur3A aura dUsare meM vikasita kara liyA gayA hogaa| sire para kAphI saMkarA hotA thaa| baMgAla meM rAjasthAna ke loka vAdya meM prayukta hone vAlA pracalita zrI khola ke sadRza isameM kaI partoM vAle rabAba mukhyataH do prakAra kA hotA hai-gola tumbe do mukha hote the| isako bhI hAtha se bajAyA jAtA jain Education International

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10 jaina Agama vAdya koza thaa| vartamAna meM yaha vAdya prApta nahIM hotaa| kharamuhI (kharamukhI) nisi. 17/139, rAja. (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-bhAratIya vAdya galu) 77, pajjo. 75, 64, dasA. 10/17, aupa. 67, jIvA. 3/588 kutuMbara (kustumbara) rAja. 77 kharamukhI, kAhalA, bhuupaadd'o| AkAra-tIna hAtha lambA eka suSira vaady| kustuMbara, tumbakanArI, ghumtt| vivaraNa-isa vAdya kA nirmANa tAMbA, cAMdI athavA AkAra-sUrAhI sdsh| sone se hotA thaa| phUMka mArakara bajAe jAne vAlA yaha vAdya bhItara se khokhalA hotA thaa| isakI mukhAkRti dhatUre ke phUla ke sadRza hotI thii| bIca meM do chidra banAye jAte the| vAdana karane para hAthI ke sadRza hUM, hUM, hAhU' zabda utpanna hote the| ise vivAha Adi sabhI mAMgalika avasaroM para bajAyA jAtA thaa| laukika bhASA meM ise bhUpAr3oM ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thaa| vimarza-kharamukhI eka prAcIna suSira vAdya hai| isake nirmANa evaM AkRti ke bAre meM bhinna-bhinna mata prApta hote haiN| saMgIta ratnAkara aura saMgIta sAra ke anusAra isa vAdya kA nirmANa cAMdI, tAMbA athavA sone se hotA thaa| mukhAkRti dhatUre ke phUla ke vivaraNa yaha vAdya durdura vAdya kA hI eka vizeSa samAna hotI thii| saMgIta samayasAra 6/131-132 rUpa hai, jisakA prakAra eka bRhad surAhI sadRza ke kartA pArzvadeva ne bhI lagabhaga isI bAta kI hotA hai| yaha kazmIra ke loka vAdyoM meM apanA paSTi kI hai| kinta alpa paricita zabda koza evaM vizeSa sthAna rakhatA hai| isakA UparI hissA rAja. TI. pa. 49-50 meM "kharamahI kAhalA tasya camar3e se DhakA hotA hai aura nicalA bhAga khulA muhatthANe kharamuhAkAraM kaTThamayaM muhaM kajjaMti" hotA hai| isako goda meM khar3A rakhA jAtA hai aura kahakara kAhalA ko kASThanirmita evaM 'kharamukhAkAra aMguliyoM se bajAyA jAtA hai| govA aura mahArASTra batAyA hai| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kAhalA kA ghumaTa adhika gola aura choTI gardana vAlA haiN| kASTha nirmita bhI hote the| .. isameM nicalA bhAga khulA hotA hai, jisa para khAla kasakara mar3hI jAtI hai aura gardana kA muMha khulA gomuhI (gomukhI) rAja. 77, ThANaM 7/42, anu. rahatA hai| 301 kazmIra meM ise tumbaka nArI evaM tibbata ke nikaTa- gomukhI, narasiMghA (ma. pra.), raNasiMghA (himAcala), vartI kSetroM meM kustumbara nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| bAMkayA, vAragu (rAja.) bAMke (karnATaka) (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-vAdya yaMtra) AkAra-aMgrejI ke 'esa' akSara ke AkAra kA vAdya, dekhane meM isakA mukha gAya ke sIMga Jain Education Interational

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jaina Agama vAdya koza (goviSANa) sadRza lagatA hai| pa. 412 meM isakI vAdana-vidhi kA saMkSipta vivaraNa-yaha vAdya bhaiMse aura hiraNa ke sIMga kA vivaraNa dete hue likhA-"godhikA-bhANDAnAM kakSAbanA hotA hai| athavA pItala Adi dhAtuoM se hastagatAtodya vishessH'| bhAMDoM dvArA kAMkha aura banAyA jAtA hai| tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta yaha vAdya hAtha meM rakhakara bajAye jAne vAlA vaady| ataH ise phUMka mArane para jora se AvAja karatA hai| ghana-vAdya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isa vAdya ke kaI nAma haiM-uttara meM tUrI, gomukhI, (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-rAjasthAna kA rAjasthAna meM bAMkayA athavA vAraga. karnATaka meM loka saMgIta) bAMke, madhyapradeza meM raNasiMghA aura himAcala pradeza meM nrsiNghaa| isakA eka aura rUpa gujarAta meM ghaMTA (ghaNTA) prazna. 4/4 bhaga. 9/141, A. nAgaphanI kahA jAtA hai| jaisA ki nAma se prakaTa hai cU. 15/28 ki vAdya nAga ke AkAra kA hotA hai aura mukha ghaNTA kI jhAlara phana jaisI hotI hai jisakA mukha khulA aura do jIbha vAlA hotA hai| AkAra-pItala, jastA aura tAMbA Adi dhAtuoM ke mizraNa se banA bhArI aura moTe dala kA vAdya, jisake madhya bhAga meM eka choTI-sI ghuNDI laTakI gohiyA (godhikA) nisi. 17/138, ThANaM 7/ rahatI hai, jo ghaMTe ke bhItarI bhAga para AghAta 42, anu. 301, A. cU. 11/3 karatI hai| godhA, godhikA, gArasiyA kI lejim| vivaraNa-Adhunika yuga meM ghaMToM ke vibhinna AkAraAkAra-dhanuSa ke samAna pratIta hone vAlA vaady| prakAra dekhane ko milate hai| prAcIna kAla meM ghaMToM vivaraNa-bAMsa kA eka baDA dhanaSAkAra vAdya, jisameM kA svarUpa prAyaH eka samAna thaa| lohe kI jaMjIra aura pItala kI choTI gola pattiyAM ghana-vAdya ke antargata "saMgIta-zAstroM' meM jisa lagI rahatI hai| isake hilAne para jhanajhanAhaTa kI ghaNTA-vAdya kA varNana milatA hai, vaha Aja bhI dhvani utpanna hotI hai| bhAMDa jAti evaM gArasiyA maMdiroM meM AratI ke samaya pujArI ke bAeM hAtha meM jAti ke loga ise bajAte haiN| dekhA jA sakatA hai| zAstroM meM varNita prakAra se vimarza-DaoN. lAlamaNi mizra ne apane zodha-prabaMdha kucha choTA hone ke kAraNa Ajakala prAyaH ise "bhAratIya saMgIta vAdya' meM godhA vAdya ko saSira 'ghaNTI' kahA jAne lagA hai| isa ghaNTI athavA ghaNTe vAdyoM ke antargata liyA hai| bI. caitanyadeva ne kA zAstrIya saMgIta se koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| prAcIna godhA ko vAdya yaMtra meM vINA ke antargata liyA hai| gratho meM ghaTA kA zAstrokta rUpa isa prakAra thA :anuyogadvAra sUtra ke TIkAkAra ne TI. pR. 129 para prAcIna ghaNTA kAMse kA hotA thA jo ATha aMgula "carmAvanaddhavAdya-vizeSa" kahakara isake avanaddha- UMcA hotA thaa| isake mukha kI caur3AI cAra aMgula vAdya hone kA saMketa diyA hai| ukta vargIkaraNa kI hotI thI jo gola rahatA thaa| isa mUla piNDa satya pratIta nahIM hotA, kyoMki nisi. 17/138, meM eka chidra rahatA thA jisameM eka zalAkAnumA A. ca. 11/3 meM gohiyA zabda ko ghanavAdya ke gola daNDa AvazyakatAnusAra patalA yA moTA jar3a antargata liyA hai| AcArAMga ke TIkAkAra ne TI diyA jAtA thaa| isake nicale hisse meM eka loTA

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12 jaina Agama vAdya koza kar3A rahatA thaa| isa daMDa kI lambAI ATha aMgula hilAkara ina dhuMgharuoM se jhana-jhanAhaTa kI dhvani hotI thii| isake UparI sire para kamala ke phala nikAlate haiM aura usI ke sAtha gAte haiN| isa kA AkAra banAkara garur3a, hanumAna athavA anya prakAra ke dhuMgharu gAya aura bailoM ke gale meM bhI kisI iSTa devatA kI mUrti banA dI jAtI thI, bAMdhe jAte haiN| nicalA sirA, jo mukhya ghaMTA ke bhItara rahatA thA kacha loga tabalA-vAdana ke samaya eka hAtha meM tathA jahAM kar3A banA rahatA thA vahA cAra se chaha ghaMgharU bAMdhakara isa taraha vAdana karate haiM. mAnoM do aMgula taka lambA eka lohe kA AMkar3A laTakA vyakti alaga-alaga bajA rahe hoN| choTe AkAra diyA jAtA thA jisake nicale sire para eka gola ke cAMdI ke ghaMgharuoM se pairoM kA jo jevara banAyA dolaka rahatA thaa| jaba ghaNTA hAtha se hilAyA jAtA hai, use pAyala, pAyajeba yA paijaniyAM kahate jAtA thA taba vaha dolaka ghaNTA ke donoM bhAgoM para haiN| dhuMgharu ke binA kisI bhI natya kI kalpanA coTa karatA thA jisakI madhura dhvani vAtAvaraNa meM nahIM kI jA sktii| sAttvika bhAva bhara detI thii| prAyaH Aja bhI sabhI maMdiroM meM ghaMTA lagA rahatA hai, jise bhaktajana cittavINA (citravINA) rAja. 77, jJAtA.17/22 maMdira meM praveza karate samaya bajAte haiN| saptataMtrI vINA, citrA vINA, rabAba AkAra-aMguliyoM se bajAye jAne vAlI saptataMtrIya ghaMTiyA (ghaNTikA) pajjo. 74, rAja. 17,18, vINA, jo dekhane meM svara-maMDala vINA kI bhAMti jIvA. 3/305, prazna. 10/14 hotI hai| ghargharikA, ghaMTikA, kSudraghaMTA, ghughru| vivaraNa-maharSi bharata ke samaya se pahale tathA bAda AkAra-kisI bhI dhAtu kI gola ghaMTiyA, jinake meM nirmita guphAoM, maMdiroM tathA stUpoM Adi kI andara choTI kAlI mirca ke barAbara lohe ke Tukar3eM mUrtiyoM meM citrita vAdya-yaMtroM ko dekhane se aisA yA choTe patthara ke Tukar3eM rahate hai| inakA AkAra patA calatA hai ki usa samaya cAra-pAMca prakAra kI aMgUra se lekara bera taka kA hotA hai| vINAoM kA citraNa hI vizeSa rUpa se kiyA gayA vivaraNa-prAcIna tathA madhyakAla meM ina dhuMgharuoM ke hai, maharSi bharata ne vipaMcI tathA citrA vINAoM ko nAma kSudraghaNTikA, ghargharikA, marmarA, dhuMdharA Adi pramukha mAnA hai| isalie usa kAla meM nirmita pracalita the| inheM banAne ke lie lohA, kAMsA, prastara mUrtiyoM meM citrita vINAoM meM sarvAdhika pItala, phUla ityAdi dhAtuoM kA prayoga hotA thaa| vipaMcI tathA citrA ke darzana kiye jA sakate haiN| ghor3e athavA baila ke gale meM DAlane vAle dhuMdharu bar3e citrA ke sAta tAroM ko kisa prakAra milAyA jAtA hote haiM tathA nRtya meM pahane jAne vAle dhuMgharu choTe thA, yaha spaSTa patA nahIM cltaa| hote haiM jinheM mAlAkAra piro kara pairoM meM pahanate haiN| jivA tI hA citrA vINA kA pracAra kinnarI tathA ekataMtrI vINA ka bar3e golAkAra dhuMgharu jo camar3e kI paTTI para baMdhe ke kAraNa lagabhaga sAtavIM zatAbdI se terahavIM rahate haiN| inako zarIra para peTI kI taraha bAMdhate haiN| zatAbdI taka maMda par3atA gayA, jo lagabhaga caudahavIM rAjasthAna meM inakA prayoga bhairoM jI ke bhopAoM zatAbdI ke Asa-pAsa se rabAba ke nAma se phira dvArA hotA hai jo zarIra ke nicale bhAga ko sAmane AI aura sena vaMzajoM ke dvArA apanAe

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jaina Agama vAdya koza 13 jAne ke kAraNa atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta kara vivaraNa-AkAra va dhAtu kI bhinnatA ke AdhAra para skii| citrA vINA ke isa rabAba rUpa meM aThArahavIM isakI anaginata kismeM hai| 8 se 16 aMgula vyAsa zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM phira parivartana AnA prArambha vAle dhAtu kI taztarInumA banAvaTa ko jhAMjha kahate huA jisake kAraNa surasiMgAra tathA saroda nAmaka haiN| inake madhya meM DorI nikAlakara tathA usapara vAdya bne| tata vAdyoM meM saroda kA vartamAna meM kapar3A bAMdhakara hAtha se pakar3ane yogya kara lete haiN| mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| phira jhAMjha ko Apasa meM kinAroM para athavA eka (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-bhAratIya saMgIta kinAre se dUsare kI sataha para athavA donoM ko vAdya, bharata nATyazAstra, saMgIta ratnAkAra) sapATa satahoM para TakarAkara bajAyA jAtA hai| inameM jhanajhanAhaTa bharI dhvani utpanna hotI hai| ise mukhyatayA tAzA aura bar3e Dhola ke sAtha bajAte haiN| chabbhAmarI (SaDbhrAmarI) rAja. 77, jJAtA.17/22 zailAnI gAyaka, maMDaliyoM, harikathA gAne vAle SaDbhrAmarI, memerAjana, vakSavINA kalAkAroM, bhakti sabhAoM, nartakoM Adi ke sAtha AkAra-Adhunika giTAra se milatA-julatA vaady| yaha vAdya deza ke hara bhAga meM pAyA jAtA hai| vivaraNa-yaha eka prAcIna vINA thii| vakSa vINA ke prAcIna samaya meM ise AghATI ke nAma se jAnA nAma se vartamAna meM prApta hone vAlI yaha vINA jAtA thaa| SaDbhrAmarI kA hI eka parivartita rUpa hai| yaha vAdya bAMsa kI grIvA para cAra se chaha parde lagAkara jhallari (jhallarI) rAja. 77, ThANaM 7/42, banAyA jAtA hai| dUra-dUra lage do tAroM ko ina pardo dasA. 10/17, ThANaM 4/344, 10/43, anu. ke Upara dabAyA jAtA hai| pahalA tAra sura 301, nisi. 17/736, aupa. 67 nikAlatA hai, dUsarA usakA anugamana karatA hai| usake nIce do kaTe hue tumbe ke parde lage rahate haiN| jhallarI, bhANa, cakravAdya, krckr| isa vAdya ko, tumboM ke khule sire ko apane zarIra AkAra-valayAkAra evaM camar3e se mar3hA huA kI ora rakhakara pakar3A jAtA hai| tambe ko isake avanaddha vaady| viparIta dabAyA aura chor3A jAtA hai, jisase dhvani vivaraNa-yaha vAdya 10 aMgula moTA evaM 4 aMgula ko kama yA adhika kiyA jA ske| tAra bAyeM hAtha lambA hotA hai| isakA bIca Ara-pAra se polA se roke aura dAMye hAtha se chor3e jAte haiN| isa vAdya hotA hai| eka aMgula ke dala vAle isa vAdya ke ko memerAjana bhI kahA jAtA hai| eka mukha ko camar3e se mar3hA jAtA hai| bajAte samaya camar3e ko pAnI se bhigo kara bAeM hAtha se usakA kinArA dabAkara dAhine hAtha se bajAyA jAtA hai| jhaMjhA (jhaJjhA) rAja. 77 vimarza-saMgIta ratnAkara vAdyAdhyAya zloka(1139) jhAMjha meM jhallarI ke sAtha-sAtha isakA eka choTA rUpa AkAra-do bar3e cakrAkAra capaTe Tukar3e jinake madhya bhANa ke nAma se pracalita thA, aisA ullekha bhAga meM choTA sA gaDDhA hotA hai, jo dekhane meM dakhana ma milatA hai| isI jhallarI aura bhANa ko hI saMgIta to taztarI sadRza lagate haiN| pArijAta meM cakravAdya athavA karacakra ke nAma se

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14 jaina Agama vAdya koza saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai| isalie jhallarI ke TIkAkAroM ne jhallari ko cavinaddha vAdya ke paryAyavAcI nAmoM meM bhANa, karacakra, cakravAdya kA antargata liyA hai| bahuta saMbhava hai ki prAcIna kAla samAveza kiyA gayA hai| meM jhallari avanaddha evaM ghanavAdya donoM ke rUpa meM (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-bhAratIya saMgIta vikasita ho isalie isakA ghanavAdya aura avanaddha vAdya, saMgIta ratnAkara) vAdya ke rUpa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-saMgIta sAra, saMgIta pArijAta) jhallari (jhallarI) rAja. 77, ThANaM 7/42, dasA. 10/17, nisi. 17/736 jhoDaya (jhoDaya) nisi. 17/137 jhAlara, jhAlari, jaya ghNttaa| jhoDaya vINA, ekataMtrIya vINA, ghoSa vINA, ghoSavatI vINA, brAhmI vINA, ghoSaka viinnaa| AkAra-ekatArA sdRsh| vivaraNa yaha eka ati prAcIna vINA thI, jisakA ullekha prAyaH sabhI saMgIta graMthoM meM milatA hai| yaha vINA madhyakAla ke Asa-pAsa eka taMtrI vINA ke nAma se prasiddha ho gaI, jise prAcIna kAla meM jhoDaya, ghoSa, ghoSaka, ghoSavatI, brAhmI Adi nAmoM se jAnA jAtA thaa| AkAra-cakrAkAra thAlI, jo pItala, jaste aura ekatArA aura ekataMtrI vINA-do alaga-alaga vAdya tAMbe ke mizraNa se banAI jAtI hai| haiN| donoM eka tAra vAle hote hue bhI prayoga meM vivaraNa-Adhunika yuga meM yaha vAdya prAyaH hindU sarvathA bhinna haiN| prAcIna ekataMtrI kA vidhivat vAdana maMdiroM meM AratI ke samaya prayoga meM lAyA jAtA hotA thA, jisase sabhI svaroM ko nikAlA jAtA hai, jise jaya ghaMTA kahA jAtA hai| thaa| kintu vartamAna ekatArA kevala eka hI svara saMgIta ratnAkara 6/1190-1191 ke anusAra- utpanna karatA hai| jaya ghaMTA kAMse kA hotA thA jo samatala, cikanA isa vINA kA daMDa lambAI meM lagabhaga 140 semI. tathA gola hotA thaa| moTAI Adhe aMgula ke barAbara hotA thA aura daMDa ke nIce eka taMbA lagAyA jAtA hotI thii| isake vRtta ke kinAre para do chidra hote the thaa| tuilA kI bhAMti yaha vAdya bhI sIne ke AsajinameM DorI DAlakara laTakAne yogya banA liyA pAsa rakhA jAtA thaa| tAMta se banI taMtrI athavA jAtA thaa| ise bAeM hAtha meM pakar3akara dAeM hAtha meM tAra ko eka hAtha se khIMcA jAtA thA tathA dUsare koI kaThora vastu lekara bajAyA jAtA thA, jise hAtha meM bAMsa kA eka komala Tukar3A karmikA rahatA laukika bhASA meM jhAlari, jhAlara bhI kahate the| isI thA, jise taMtrI ke Upara dabAyA aura khisakAyA kA bRhad rUpa mahA ghaMTA hotA thA, jo kAMse athavA jAtA thaa| eka taMtrI para eka bar3A meru tathA tAMta aSTadhAtu se nirmita kiyA jAtA thaa| ke nIce bAMsa kA eka mulAyama Tukar3A hotA thA, vimarza-saMgIta sAra, saMgIta ratnAkara aura jaina jo jIvA kI taraha kAma karatA thaa| saMgIta zAstra |

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jaina Agama vAdya koza meM isakI vAdana vidhi kA vizada varNana kiyA gayA hai| DamarUha (Damaruka) nisi. 17/136 Damaru, budabudake, kuDukuDuppe (dakSiNa bhArata), nagAcaMga (tibbata) AkAra - reta ghar3I, bAlu ghar3I ke samAna / vivaraNa- zaMkara kA pratIka cihna Damaru atIta meM zAstrIya saMgIta kA pramukha vAdya thA lekina vartamAna meM ise loka aura AdivAsI saMgIta meM hI upayoga karate haiN| aneka kismoM vAlA yaha vAdya Damaru 10 semI. se do hAtha taka lambA tathA bIca meM ekadama patalA hotA hai| isake mukha kA vyAsa lagabhaga eka muTTI hotA hai, jo patale camar3e se DhakA rahatA hai| ye camar3e donoM ora se eka patalI rassI se kase rahate haiN| isa rassI ke madhya meM, jahAM vAdya patalA hotA hai, rassI ke Upara eka kar3e ke samAna rassI kasI rahatI hai aura usake donoM chora laTakate rahate haiN| inhIM donoM siroM para eka-eka ghuNDI banI hotI hai| ise sIdhe hAtha se madhya sthAna para pakar3a kara hAtha ghumAyA jAtA hai jisase ghuNDiyAM mukhoM para prahAra kara zabda utpanna karatI haiN| 15 vartamAna samaya meM jogI loga Damaru ke donoM ora kI ghuNDiyoM ko bAeM hAtha se pakar3a kara dAhine hAtha se beMta ke eka Ter3he Tukar3e se bajAte haiN| vartamAna ziva mandiroM meM isa sAmAnya AkAra se lagabhaga tigunA athavA caugunA bar3A Damaru hotA hai| isa bar3e AkAra ke Damaru kA rUpa prAyaH vartamAna huDuka jaisA hI hotA hai kintu vAdana-bheda ke kAraNa ise Damaru hI kahA jAtA hai| dakSiNa bhArata meM Damaru ko budabudake ke athavA kuDakuDuppe ke nAma se jAnate haiN| tibbata aura nikaTavartI kSetroM kA Damaru apanI racanA aura vAdana ke avasaroM ke kAraNa bahuta dilacaspI kA kAraNa banatA hai, jise sthAnIya bhASA meM nagAcaMga kahate hai| uttara bhArata meM DamarU kA vizeSa prayoga bandara, bhAlU Adi kA nAca dikhAne ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| DiMDima (DiNDima) rAja. 77, jIvA. 3/588 DiNDimA, tabula AkAra - paNava vAdya se kucha choTA / vivaraNa- isa vAdya kI lambAI eka yA savA hAtha kI hotI hai| donoM mukhoM kA vyAsa pauna hAtha hotA hai| DhAMcA kaThora lakar3I se banAyA jAtA hai| donoM mukha camar3e se mar3he jAte haiN| donoM mukhoM ke ghere meM camar3e kI Der3ha aMgula ghanatA kI kuNDalI bAMdhI jAtI hai| bAMyIM ora kA mukha kuNDalI ke aMdara hai| dAhinI ora kI kuNDalI sIdhI hai| dAhine mukha ko hAtha se bajAte hai aura bAMye mukha ko eka bittAlumbI lakar3I se isa vAdya ko gale aura dAhine pArzva meM TAMga kara bajAte haiN| isake zabdoM meM DiG, DiG mukhya hai| isI kAraNa se inakA nAma 'DiGa DiGa' pdd'aa| isa vAdya kA prayoga dakSiNa bhArata meM hI vizeSa rUpa se hotA hai| .

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DhaMkuNa (DhaMkuNa) nisi. 17/139 A.cU. 11/2 DhaMkuNa, gopI yaMtra, gopI jaMtra AkAra-tunatunA sdRsh| jaina Agama vAdya koza aura svara badalane kI kSamatA rakhatA hai| kyoMki yaha tunatune kI apekSA kahIM adhika surIle aura gahare svara nikAla sakatA hai| isa vAdya ko prAntIya bhASA meM DhaMkuNa, gopI yaMtra, gopI jaMtra Adi kahate haiN| NaMdissarA (naMdIsvarA) jIvA. 3/598, jambU. 2/16 naMdIsvara (vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-naMdIghoSA) taMtI (tantrI) dasA. 10/18,24, pajjo. 54,75, ThANaM 8/10, aupa. 68, rAja. 77 jaMtrIvINA, tritaMtrIvINA, yaMtravINA, taMtrIvINA, sitAra, tmbuuraa| vivaraNa-mukhya rUpa se baMgAla, bihAra meM pAe jAne AkAra-sitAra ke samAna jo tumbe se banAI jAtI thii| vAle isa vAdya meM svara utpanna karane ke lie nimna bhAga ko kASTha aura camar3e se mar3hA jAtA hai| vivaraNa-isa vINA meM tIna tAra lage hote the kintu kholanumA kaTorA nIce se caur3A hotA hai jo isameM pAMca tAroM kA prayoga hone lgaa| jaisA ki kramazaH Upara kI ora saMkarA hotA calA jAtA hai| 'Aine akabarI' meM saMgIta vAdyoM kA varNana karate isameM lagabhaga tIna phuTa laMbe tathA patale bAMsa ko hue yaMtra vINA kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| nIce kI ora se lagabhaga DhAI phuTa taka cIra dete isa vAdya kA daNDa prAyaH eka gaja lambA hotA hai, haiN| Upara ke lagabhaga chaha iMca ke jur3e bhAga ko Upara aura nIce do kaTe hue tumbe lagAye jAte haiN| chor3a kara zeSa cire hue bhAga kI khapacciyoM ko isa ke daNDa para solaha parde lage rahate haiN| isameM chIla kara itanA patalA kara dete haiM ki vaha lagabhaga pAMca tAra lagAye jAte haiN| svaroM ko UMcA-nIMcA nau iMca taka phaila ske| nicale bAMsa kI ina karane ke lie paryoM ko sarakAyA jA sakatA hai| khapacciyoM ke choroM ko Upara se khule hue eka vAstava meM yaha tritaMtrIvINA prAcIna yaMtra vINA kA choTe tumbe se jor3a dete haiN| tumbe ke nicale bhAga hI nAma hai| meM eka chidra kara dete haiM jahAM se tAra lagAte haiN| kallinAtha ne saMgIta ratnAkara kI TIkA. pR. 248 isameM eka tAra hotA hai jo Upara se nIce taka meM "tatra tritantrikaM loke jantrazabdenocyate" kahakara jAtA hai| tritaMtrI ko hI yaMtra vINA kahA hai| yaha vAdya samAnadharmI tunatune se kahIM adhika capala kavi sUradAsa ne bhI yaMtra bajAne vAle ko yantrI

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jaina Agama vAdya koza kahakara saMbodhita kiyA hai| phalana maoNjha jyoM karuI to marI rahata dhure para DArI / aba to hAtha parI yantrI ke bAjata rAga dulArI // Aine akabarI, saMgIta pArijAta Adi meM jo tritaMtrIvINA kA varNana milatA hai, usase siddha hotA hai ki sitAra aura tambUrA tritaMtrI ke hI do vikasita rUpa haiN| saurendra mohana ThAkura ne 'yaMtra kSetra dIpikA' san 1882 ke Asa-pAsa likhI / ThAkura ne sitAra ko tritaMtrI vINA hI mAnA hai| zrI ThAkura abhimata hai - tritaMtrI vINA ko amIra khusaro ne hatAra kahanA zurU kiyA jo Age calakara sitAra ke rUpa meM prasiddha huA / (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-saMgIta sAra, bhAratIya saMgIta vAdya) tala (tala) rAja. 77, ThANaM 8/10, dasA. 10/ 18,24, aupa. 68 tala, tAlI, jAlsa AkAra - jhAMjha aura tAla se choTA / vivaraNa - isa vAdya kA nirmANa kAMse yA pItala se hotA hai| lagabhaga 5 senTImITara vyAsa vAle isa vAdya ke bIca kA ubhAra nahIM ke barAbara hotA hai| isako eka-dUsare ke AghAta dvArA bajAyA jAtA hai| (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-tAla) tAla (tAla) nisi. 17/138, pajjo. 9,54, ThANaM 8/10, dasA. 10/18,24 tAla, tAra ( brajabhASA) TAr3a (mahArASTra) AkAra - sAmAnyataH jhAMjha, maMjIrA se bar3A / vivaraNa-tAla-vAdya agni meM zuddha kiye huye kAMse se banAyA jAtA hai, jo do hissoM meM hotA hai| ye 17 donoM bhAga lagabhaga chaha aMgula vyAsa ke gola kAMse ke bane hue bIca se do aMgula gahare hote haiM / madhya meM cheda hotA hai| ina chedoM meM DorI DAlakara bhItara se gAMTha lagA dI jAtI hai jisase DorI nikalane na paaye| inheM isa prakAra banAyA jAtA hai jisase inakI dhvani zruti madhura ho / inameM se jisa tAla kI dhvani apekSAkRta kucha UMcI ho, bAeM hAtha ke aMgUThe ke bhItara hotI huI usakI DorI ko tarjanI meM lapeTa kara gadelI se pakar3A jAtA hai tathA dUsare tAla kI DorI ko dAhine hAtha kI tarjanI meM lapeTa kara aMgUThe ke agra bhAga se pakar3a kara bajAyA jAtA hai| bAeM hAtha kI zeSa aMguliyAM usa hAtha ke tAla kI dhvani ko niyaMtrita tathA mukta karane kA kAma karatI haiN| ina donoM tAloM meM se alpa nAda vAlI tAla arthAt bAeM hAtha kI tAla zaktirUpa tathA dAhine hAtha kI tAla zivarUpa samajhI jAtI hai| kRSNa-bhakta kaviyoM ne anya vAdyoM ke sAtha tAla vAdya kA bahulatA se varNana kiyA hai| braja meM isa tAla ko 'tAra' bhI kahate haiN| mahArASTra meM isI se milatA-julatA vAgha 'TAr3a' kahA jAtA hai, jo anya loka vAdyoM ke sAtha bajAyA jAtA hai| (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya- saMgIta dAmodara, vAdya prakAza) tuMbavINA (tumbavINA) nisi. 17/137, rAja. 77, AcU. 11/2 tambUrA, tAnapUrA AkAra - Adhunika sitAra ke sadRza cAra tAroM vAlI vINA / vivaraNa- gAyakoM ke lie tambUrA eka mahattvapUrNa tAra-vAdya hai| ise laukI yA kaddU ke tumbe se banAyA jAtA hai| isameM kisI gAne kI saragama nahIM

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18 jaina Agama vAdya koza nikalatI, kevala svara dene ke lie hI isakA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| gAyaka apane gale ke dharmAnusAra isameM apanA svara kAyama kara lete haiM aura phira isakI jhaMkAra ke sahAre unakA gAyana calatA rahatA hai| isameM do tumbe lage hote haiN| nIce kA tumbA gola aura Upara kA kucha capaTA hotA hai| isake andara pola hotI hai jisake kAraNa svara gUMjate haiN| tambUre meM cAra tAra hote haiM, jinameM tIna tAra sTIla ke tathA cauthA tAra pItala kA hotA hai| uttara bhAratIya tambUre aura karNATakIya tambUre kI banAvaTa meM kucha antara hotA hai vaha isa prakAra hai 3. karnATakIya tambUre kI ghur3aca meM haDDI ke sthAna para tAmra-patrikA kA prayoga hotA hai . usakA daNDa uttara bhAratIya tambUre se kama hotA hai| vibhinna gAyakoM ke baiThane ke alaga-alaga DhaMga hote haiN| kucha eka ghuTanA nIcA aura eka ghuTanA UMcA karake baiThakara tAnapUre kA vAdana karate haiN| kucha tAnapUre ko jamIna para liTAkara vAdana karate hai| vimarza-DaoN. lAlamaNi mizra ke (bhAratIya saMgIta vAdya pR. 42) anusAra tambUre kA sarvaprathama ullekha saMgIta pArijAta meM prApta hotA hai, ataH vartamAna meM prApta tambUre kA rUpa 13vIM zatAbdI ke bAda kA hai| DaoN. mizra agara vaidika granthoM ke sAtha-sAtha jainAgamoM kA adhyayana karate to unakI dhAraNA spaSTa ho jAtI ki tumbavINA kA varNana ati prAcIna hai| jainAgamoM meM aneka sthaloM para isa zabda kA ullekha milatA hai| AcArya malayagiri (vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI) ne rAja. TI. pR. 49-50 aura jIvA. TI. pR. 281 meM "tumbA yuktA vINA yeSAM te tumbavINAH" kaha kara tumbavINA vAdya kI puSTi kI hai| ataH tumbavINA prAcIna vAdya hai| (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-bhAratIya saMgIta vAdya) tuDiya (tUrya) pajjo. 9, 54, ThANaM 8/10, 1. uttara bhAratIya tambUre meM tabalI ke nIce laukI / dasA. 10/18,24, aupa. 68 kA tumbA lagAyA jAtA hai jabaki karnATakIya turuturI, tittarI, tuNDakinI, turahI, tUrya, tAturI, tambUre meM usa sthAna para lakar3I kA hI prayoga kombu (dakSiNa bhArata) kahala (ur3IsA) tutarI hotA hai| (marAThI) 2. karnATakIya tambUre kI tabalI sapATa hotI hai| AkAra-caMdrAkAra, sarpAkAra, aMgrejI ke sI akSara vaha uttara bhAratIya tambUre kI bhAMti bIca se uThI ke AkAra Adi kA 2 se 4 hAtha lambA suSira nahIM rhtii| vaady| pAyA

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jaina Agama vAdya koza vivaraNa-kAhalA ke samAna yaha vAdya bhI tAMbA, apane sAtha lekara calate haiN| yaha AkAra meM choTA cAMdI aura sone se nirmita hotA thaa| vartamAna meM hotA hai| lagabhaga 25 seMTImITara UMcA aura 15grAmavAsI, AdivAsI tAMbe yA pItala kI turahI kA 20 seMTImITara caur3A lakar3I kA polA, vartulAkAra prayoga karate haiN| prAcIna kAla meM prAyaH eka sAtha khola, jisakI nIce kI taha camar3e se mar3hI huI do tuNDakinI kA vAdana hotA thA, vartamAna meM prAyaH hotI hai| bAhara kI tarapha lagabhaga 75 seMTImITara eka kA vAdana hotA hai| vartamAna kAla meM turahI ke lambe bAMsa ke Tukar3e ko isameM kasa diyA jAtA aneka rUpa dekhane meM Ate haiN| inameM koI chidra nahIM hai| isa bAMsa ke Upara eka khUTI gAr3ha kara tAra hotA, kevala havA phUMkakara usake vibhinna dabAvoM se kasa diyA jAtA hai| yahI tAra nIce mar3he hue hisse UMce-nIce svaroM kI utpatti kI jAtI hai| dakSiNa taka jAtA hai| gAyaka isa tunatune ko apane hAtha meM sIdhI turahI ko kombu aura pItala kI meM pakar3e rahatA hai tathA aMgulI se tAra ko cher3a ghumAvadAra turahI ko tAturI kahate haiN| saMskRta meM kara vibhinna svara nikAlatA rahatA hai| mahArASTra ke sarpAkAra turahI ko vakrI kahate haiN| lokagItoM-khAsakara tamAzA aura pauvAr3A meM tunatune janmotsava, vivAhotsava, mAMgalika avasara aura kI saMgItAtmaka kSamatA kA sahI rUpa dekhane ko dhArmika zobhAyAtrAoM meM isakA vAdana kiyA milatA hai| tAra ko manacAhe svara meM milA liyA jAtA hai| jAtA hai tathA isake daNDa kI dAhine hAtha kI maTha meM pakar3a kara dAhine hAtha kI hI tarjanI aMgulI se vAdana kiyA jAtA hai| vAdana kI prakriyA sAmAnya tUNa (tUNa) nisi. 17/137, rAja. 77 ekatArA jaisI hI hai| ise mahArASTra meM tuNa-tuNe tuNa, tunatunA, tuNa-tuNa, tunn-tunne| kahate haiN| AkAra-Dibbe para baMdhe hue bAMsa ke smaan| tUNaka (tUNaka) prazna vyA. 10/14 tuilA, tUNaka AkAra-sAmAnya AkRti vAlI eka taMtrI viinnaa| vivaraNa-yaha vAdya bhI bahuta tejI se lupta hotA jA rahA hai| aura isake vAdaka bhI bahata kama haiN| isakA daMDa lambAI meM lagabhaga 9 aMgula tathA 20 semI. golAI kA hotA hai| isa vAdya meM bAMsa kI nalI para eka tAMta kasI rahatI hai| isameM na merU hotA hai, na muNdder| dUsarI ora koI khUTI bhI nahIM hotii| tailA kI UparI ora daMDa ke nIce AdhI kaTI laukI lagI hotI hai, yaha vAdya vAdaka ke zarIra ke samalaMba sthiti meM rahatA hai tathA laukI kI tuMbI vAdaka ke vakSa ke pAsa rahatI hai| eka vivaraNa-yaha vAdya prAyaH dakSiNa-madhya bhArata aura pazcima bhArata meM pracalita hai| vahAM ke bhikSuka ise Jain Education Intemational

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20 hAtha se tAMta ko khIMcA jAtA / tur3alA kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki tAMta para vAdaka kI kevala tIna aMguliyAM saMcAlita hotI haiM aura Upara yA nIce kiye binA sAtoM sura nikAlane meM samartha hotI haiN| (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya vAdya yaMtra) daddara ( daddara, dardaraka) rAja. 77, jIvA. 3/ 587 dardura, dardara, dardaraka AkAra ghaTa ke AkAra kA eka anavaddha vAdya jisakA mukha camar3e se mar3hA hotA thA / vivaraNa - yaha eka prAcIna vAdya thA / maharSi bharata ke samaya meM IsA se 200 varSa pUrva yaha eka mahattvapUrNa tAla vAdya thaa| kyoMki isakI gaNanA mRdaMga aura paNava ke sAtha kI gaI hai| maharSi bharata ke anusAra isakA mukha nau aMgula kA hotA thA, jisake Upara camar3e kI pUr3I kA vistAra bAraha aMgula kA hotA thaa| yaha camar3e kI pUr3I sutaliyoM se paNava ke samAna hI kasI rahatI thii| zabdoM ko vAdya para nikAlane ke lie donoM hAthoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| dAhine hAtha kA prayoga mukta, ardhamukta tathA banda dhvaniyoM ke vAdana ke lie hotA thA / bAeM hAtha kA prayoga dAhine hAtha ke sahAyaka ke rUpa meM hotA thaa| vartamAna meM isa nAma kA koI vAdya prApya nahIM hai kintu isa prakAra ke aneka loka vAdya Aja bhI prayoga meM haiM, jinheM alagaalaga kSetroM meM alaga-alaga nAmoM se jAnA jAtA hai| daddarigA (daddarigA, dardarikA) rAja. 77 dardarikA, laghu dardaraka AkAra - daddaraga se choTA / jaina Agama vAdya koza vivaraNa - yaha vAdya dardaraka se choTA hotA hai| isakI aneka kismeM bhAratIya loka saMgIta meM Aja bhI agala-alaga nAmoM se prApta hotI haiN| rAja. TI. pU. 49-50 meM "dardarikA laghu dardaraka" kahakara laghu dardaraka hone kA saMketa kiyA hai| isa vAdya ko goha nAmaka chipakalI kI khAla se banAyA jAtA hai| vibhinna svaroM ko nikAlane ke lie vAdaka camar3e ko DhIlA karatA hai aura kasatA rahatA hai| anudvAra hA TI pR. 66 meM bhI "godhA cammAvaNaddhA gohitA sA ya daddarigA" isako goha ke carma se niSpanna avanaddha vAdya mAnA hai| (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-daddaraga) duMdubhi, duMduhi (duMdubhi) utta. 12/36, anu. 569, pajjo. 75, dasA. 10/17. rAja. 77, aupa. 67 duMdubhi AkAra-nagAr3A ke sadRza / vivaraNa- dudubhi bahuta kucha Aja ke nagAr3e se milatA thA aura zaMku AkAra ke vAdyoM meM sabase prAcIna thA / isakA varNana jainAgamoM, piTakoM, vedoM evaM kathA - sAhitya meM milatA hai| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki duMdubhi eka lokapriya evaM pratiSThita vAdya thaa| aneka Adhunika saMgItakAra duMdubhi ko nagAr3A kA hI paryAyavAcI mAnate haiN| unake kathana ke anusAra - " DhuMDhuM bhati iti duMdubhiH " isa AvAja se duMdubhi kA nAma diyA gyaa| prAcInakAla meM isa vAdya ke do prakAra the-1. duMdubhi 2. bhUmi duMdubhi / bhUmi duMdubhi gaDr3hA khodakara tathA usako camar3e se mar3hakara banAI jAtI thI / prAcIna duMdubhi eka hI naga kA bar3A nagAr3A jaisA hotA thaa| vartamAna meM prApta duMdubhi prAcIna duMdubhi se bhinna hai, jisakA varNana

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jaina Agama vAdya koza 21 isa prakAra hai zabda ke vivaraNa meM prAcIna aura navIna donoM ke jisa prakAra tabale meM do naga hote haiM-eka dAMyA AdhAra para duMdubhi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| aura dUsarA bAMyAM donoM ko milAkara tabalA kahA jAtA hai| usI prakAra duMdubhi meM bhI do naga hote naMdi (naMdI) nisi. 17/136 haiN| eka bar3A nagAr3A jisakA zabda gaMbhIra hotA hai naMdI, upaMga, AnaMda laharI, khaMgama (baMgAla) tathA eka choTA nagAr3A jisakA zabda choTA tathA apaMga (rAja.) UMcA hotA hai| isa prakAra yaha do svara vAlA do naga kA vAdya duMdubhi kahalAtA hai| choTA nagAr3A AkAra-choTI Dholaka kA lagabhaga AdhA bhAga, miTTI kA banA huA hotA hai| jise 'jhIla' athavA jo do hissoM meM vibhakta tathA eka tAra se jur3A 'aghoTI' kahate haiN| yaha camar3e kA mar3hA huA tathA rahatA hai| camar3e kI hI DoriyoM se kasA huA hotA hai| dUsarA nagAr3A bar3A hotA hai jo zaMku ke AkAra kA dhAtu kA banA hotA hai| isake mukha kA vyAsa lagabhaga eka hAtha kA hotA hai tathA sthUla camar3e se mar3hA huA hotA hai| yaha nagAr3A icchAnusAra bar3A banAyA jA sakatA hai| yaha do zaMku AkAra kI gola lakar3iyoM se bajAyA jAtA hai jo prAyaH eka hAtha lambI hotI haiN| uttara pradeza meM pracalita nagAr3A jo nauTaMkI (svAMga) ke sAtha bajAyA jAtA hai, duMdubhi se pUrNa sAmya rakhatA hai| duMdubhi Anandotsava, vivAhAdi ke samaya tathA devamaMdiroM meM bajAyI jAtI hai| AgamoM meM sthAna-sthAna para prasannatA ke avasara para devatAoM dvArA daMdabhi vAdana kA varNana haA hai| yuddha ke samaya bhI duMdubhi kA vAdana hotA thaa| vivaraNa-isa vAdya kA prayoga bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM vimarza-hindI zabda sAgara meM duMdubhi kA artha Aja bhI samasta bhArata meM hotA hai| isa vAdya meM nagAr3A aura ghauMsA kiyA hai| 'da myUjika oNpha do DhAMce-eka bar3A, dUsarA choTA-eka hI tAra se iMDiyA' meM nagAr3A aura bherI, bhAratIya saMgIta vAdya jur3e rahate haiN| isameM lagabhaga huDuka kI sI dhvani pR 77 meM duMdubhi ko nagAr3A, damAmA Adi kA hI nikalatI hai, kintu huDuka kI rassiyoM ko DhIlA eka prakAra tathA saMgIta zAstra darpaNa meM duMdubhi ko aura kar3A karane se svara kI jo UMcAI-nIcAI nagAr3A kA hI paryAyavAcI mAnA hai| jaina TIkAkAroM prApta hotI hai, usase kahIM adhika UMcAI-nIcAI ne bhI isake bhinna-bhinna artha kie haiN| rAja. TI. pR. isa vAdya meM hotI hai| Adhunika yuga meM isakA 49-50 meM ise bherI ke AkAra kA tathA bhagavatI prayoga udayazaMkara jaise nRtyAcAryoM dvArA tathA aneka TI. pR. 476 meM 'DhakkA' mAnA hai| isalie prastuta philmoM meM hotA dikhAI par3atA hai| isameM W

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22 jaina Agama vAdya koza hAsyAtmaka dhvani utpanna hotI hai tathA svara kI eka mukha saMkIrNa aura dUsarA mukha vistRta hotA UMcAI-nIcAI itanI adhika prApta kI jA sakatI hai| hai ki usakA aneka rUpoM meM upayoga kiyA jA vivaraNayaha vAdya sAmAnyataH madaMga se AkArasakatA hai| upaMga kA jo rUpa baMgAla meM pracalita prakAra meM bar3A hotA thA, jise vizeSa khuzI ke hai, use khaMgama yA AnaMda laharI kahate haiN| avasara para bajAyA jAtA thaa| rAjasthAna meM ise apaMga kahate hai| isa vAdya kA (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-mRdaMga) prayoga saperoM aura loka gAyakoM-virahA yA AlhA gAyakoM dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-bhAratIya saMgIta nakula (nakula) rAja. 77 vAdya) nakula, nakulI, nkulaa| AkAra-do taMtrI yukta nakulAkRti viinnaa| naMdighosA (naMdighoSA) rAja. 77. 173. jIvA. vivaraNa-isa vINA kA ullekha prAyaH saMgIta ke 3/598, jambU. 3/171 sabhI graMthoM meM prApta hotA hai| saMbhavataH isakA naMdighoSa pracAra IsA kI tIna-cAra zatAbdI pUrva se lekara terahavIM zatAbdI paryanta taka rhaa| mattakokilA vivaraNa-naMdighoSa kisI eka vAdya kI dhvani kA vINA jisa prakAra hAtha kI aMguliyoM se cher3akara vAcaka nahIM hai, apitu aneka vAdyoM kI dhvani kA bajAyI jAtI thI, usI prakAra isako bhI bajAyA sUcaka hai| utta. TI. pR. 305 meM "dvAdaza tUrya jAtA thaa| kintu isa vINA ke rUpa kA koI saMghAto nandI tasya ghossH'| kahakara dvAdaza vAdyoM spaSTa saMketa prApta nahIM hotA hai| ke ghoSa ko naMdIghoSa kahA gayA hai| IsA se lagabhaga 200 varSa pUrva maharSi bharata ne katapa DA. lAlamaNi mizra ne bhAratIya saMgIta vAdya pa. vinyAsa kA varNana kiyA hai, jisakA artha hotA 45 meM ise nakula ke AkAra kA mAnA hai| hai-vINA Adi vAdakoM ke lie baiThane kI vyvsthaa| (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-saMgIta sAra, prAcIna saMgIta graMthoM meM paMca mahAzabda aura paMca saMgIta pArijAta) vAdya kA varNana milatA hai| paMca mahAzabda meM turahI, ghar3iyAla, Dhola, huDakkA aura zahanAI-ke saMyukta nAlI (nAr3I) jIvA. 3/78 . vAdana ke zabda hote the| karnATaka, kerala aura nAlI, naadii| ur3IsA meM Aja bhI paMca vAdya kA pracalana hai| AkAra-bAMsurI ke sdRsh| (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-vAdya yaMtra) vivaraNa-yaha eka purAnA vAdya thaa| nAda utpanna karane vAlI vaMza-nalikA hone ke kAraNa prAraMbha meM naMdImuiMga (naMdI mRdaMga) rAja. 77, jIvA. 3/78 isakA nAma nAdI bhI thaa| nAdI nAma se abhihita naMdI mRdaMga hone vAlI baMzI meM kitane randhra hote the, isakA AkAra-Dholaka ke sadRza avanaddha-vAdya, jisakA ullekha kahIM prApta nahIM hotaa|

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jaina Agama vAdya koza (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-bhAratIya saMgIta vAdya) nAlI (nAr3I) jIvA. 3 / 78 naDa, nar3ha, nAlI / AkAra-mazaka kI taraha phUMka se bajAyA jAne vAlA vAdya / vivaraNa- isa vAdya kA nirmANa kagore ke per3a kI prAkRtika lakar3I se hotA hai, jo bAMsa ke samAna hI hotI hai| jisa prakAra zIzI phUMka kara bajAyI jAtI hai, usI prakAra ise bhI kinAre se phUMka kara bajAyA jAtA hai| phUMkane vAle sthAna se isake chidra bahuta dUra hote haiN| muMha kI phUMka dvArA mazaka meM pUrI havA bhara lI jAtI hai, phira bAsurI kI taraha usameM lagI huI nalI para aMgulI ke saMcAlana se svara paidA kiye jAte haiN| isa vAdya meM tIna yA cAra chidra hote haiN| kucha parivartana ke sAtha isa vAdya kA pracAra sindha pradeza taka pAyA jAtA hai| yaha jaisalamera kI caravAhA jAti aura rAjasthAna ke bhaupoM ke dvArA bajAyA jAtA hai| (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-rAjasthAna kA loka saMgIta) paDaha (paTaha) aupa. 67, nisi. 17/136, pajjo. 75, dasA. 10/17, rAja. 77 Dholaka paTaha, AkAra - bherI ke sadRza eka avanaddha vAdya / vivaraNa- zAstrIya aura loka saMgIta- donoM meM mahattvapUrNa vAdya ke rUpa meM prayukta hone vAlA paTaha vAdya Aja bhI Dholaka ke nAma se prakhyAta hai| saMgIta graMthoM meM isakA vistAra se vivaraNa prApta hai| paTaha do prakAra kA hotA hai- dezI tathA mArgI / 23 mArgI paha isakI lambAI Der3ha hAtha se DhAI hAtha taka kI hotI hai tathA bIca kA bhAga kucha uThA huA hotA hai| isake dAhine mukha kA vyAsa sAr3he gyAraha aMgula tathA vAma mukha sAr3he dasa aMgula kA hotA hai / kATha bhItara se khokhalA hotA hai tathA usake donoM mukha gola hote haiN| dAhine tathA bAMeM mukha para lohe athavA kATha kI haMsulI pahanA kara unheM camar3e se lapeTa diyA jAtA hai| dAhine mukha para patalA camar3A tathA vAma mukha para moTA camar3A mar3hA jAtA hai| ina haMsuliyoM meM sAta-sAta cheda kara rezama kI DorI piro dI jAtI hai, jisameM sonA, pItala athavA lohe ke challe DAla diye jAte haiM, jinheM AvazyakatAnusAra khIMca kara svara milA liyA jAtA hai| dezI paTaha isakI lambAI Der3ha hAtha kI hotI hai tathA isakA dakSiNa aura vAma mukha kramazaH sAta tathA sAr3he chaha aMgula vyAsa ke hote haiN| zeSa bAteM mArgI paTaha kI bhAMti hI hotI haiN| paTaha ke lie khaira kI lakar3I sarvazreSTha mAnI gaI hai| dezI paTaha ke AkAra meM

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24 jaina Agama vAdya koza sAmAnya aMtara bhI ho sakatA hai| prAyaH sabhI mRdaMga ke bAda paNava ko hI sabase adhika mahattva mAMgalika avasaroM para isakA vAdana kiyA jAtA diyaa| maharSi bharata ke anusAra paNava kA AkAra isa prakAra haivimarza-saMgIta pArijAta meM "paTaha Dholaka iti solaha aMgula lambA. madhya bhAga bhItara kI ora bhASAyAm' kahakara Dholaka artha kiyA hai| saMgIta dabA, jisakA vistAra ATha aMgala tathA jisake sAra meM bhI prAcIna paTaha ko madhyakAlIna Dholaka donoM mukha pAMca aMgula ke hoM, vaha paNava hai| Adhe kA paryAya mAnA hai| aMgUThA ke samAna moTA usakA kATha hotA hai aura (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-saMgIta ratnAkara) bhItara kA khokhalA bhAga cAra aMgula ke vyAsa kA hotA hai| paNava ke donoM mukha komala camar3e se mar3he paNava (paNava) nisi. 17/137 jAte the, jinheM sutalI se kasa diyA jAtA thaa| paNava vINA, pallava vINA sutaliyoM kA yaha kasAva kucha DhIlA rakhA jAtA thA AkAra-gaja se bajAe jAne vAlI vINA sdRsh| jise vAdana ke samaya bAyeM hAtha se madhya bhAga ko vivaraNa yaha eka ati prAcIna tata vAdya thA, dabAkara tathA DhIlA kara AvazyakatAnusAra UMcIjisakI vibhinna kismeM Aja bhI pUre bhArata meM nIcI dhvani nikAlI jAtI thii| prApta hotI haiN| isa vAdya meM svara peTI prAyaH yuga parivartana ke sAtha-sAtha vAdyoM kI mahattA meM bhI nAriyala ke khola kI athavA lakar3I kI banAI parivartana AyA. jisake pariNAma svarUpa paNava vAdya jAtI haiM jo vAdaka ke kaMdhe ke pAsa rahatI hai aura Aja kahAra, ahIra aura bhAMDa jAti kA hI vAdya daMDa nIce bhujA kI ora bar3hA hotA hai| gaja hathelI banakara raha gyaa| dakSiNa bhArata meM aba bhI kahIMse nIce kI ora pakar3A jAtA hai tathA tAra aMgulI kahIM maMdiroM meM isakA prayoga dekhane ko milatA hai, ke poroM se pakar3e jAte haiN| kintu uttara bhAratIya ziva maMdiroM meM ise bar3e kerala meM isa vAdya ko pallava, bihAra, baMgAla ke AkAra kA Damaru mAnA jAtA hai| AdivAsI kSetroM meM paNava, maNipura meM penA Adi (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-bharatanATya kahate haiN| zAstra) paNava (paNava) nisi. 17/137, dasA. 10/17, paripari (paripari) nisi. 17/139 pajjo. 64,75, rAja. 77, aupa. 67, prazna paripari vyA. 10/14 aakaar-shNkhaakRti| paNava, bar3e AkAra kA hudduk| vivaraNa-prAcIna paripari bAMsurI vAdya aneka bAMsa AkAra-Adhunika hur3aka ke sadRza, kintu AkAra- nalikAoM se banAI jAtI thI, jo vAdana ke samaya prakAra meM bdd'aa| paripariyA dhvani utpanna karatI thii| vartamAna meM isa vivaraNa-paNava eka ati prAcIna avanaddha vAdya thaa| prakAra kI zaMkhAkRti bAMsurI prAyaH lupta sI hai| isakA ullekha jainAgamoM, vedoM, piTakoM aura saMgIta kintu vartamAna meM zaMkhanumA baMsI banAne ke lie granthoM meM aneka sthaloM para huA hai| maharSi bharata ne zaMkha ke baMda sire ko kATa diyA jAtA hai, jisase

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jaina Agama vAdya koza 25 bhItara ke ghumAvadAra bhAga dikhane lage, kabhI-kabhI parivAdinI, saptataMtrI vINA banda sire ke pArzva meM eka hoda bhI kara diyA vivaraNa-parivAdinI vINA kA ullekha sarvaprathama jAtA hai. phira cheda yA kATe bhAga meM bAMsa yA prAcInatA kI daSTi se jainAgamoM meM aneka sthaloM pItala kI nalI lagA dete haiM, jisake dvArA phuuNk| para prApta hotA hai| usake bAda kAlidAsa evaM mArakara vAdana karate haiN| saMgIta makaranda meM isa vINA kA nAmollekha haA (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-vAdya yaMtra) hai| vAdyaprakAza 30 meM "saptabhiH taMtribhi (vINA) dRzyate parivAdinI" kahakara parivAdinI ke saptataMtrI vINA hone kA saMketa kiyA hai| rAja. TI. pR. 40parilI (parilI) rAja. 77 50 meM bhI parivAdinI ko saptataMtrI vINA kahakara parilI, phiphalI, phirilI, phililii| uparokta bAta kI puSTi kI gaI hai| kintu kisI AkAra-bAMsurI sdRsh| bhI graMtha meM isake AkAra-prakAra kA varNana nahIM vivaraNa-yaha vAdya lagabhaga 15 seMTI. lambe bAMsa kiyA gyaa| se nirmita hotA hai jisakA eka sirA khulA aura vimarza-saMgIta graMthoM meM sAta tAra vAlI vINAoM ke dUsarA baMda hotA hai| khulA sirA nicale adhara para aneka nAma prApta hote haiM, jaise-citrA, saptataMtrI, dharA jAtA hai aura isako khaDA pakaDA jAtA hai parivAdinI aadi| inake viSaya meM vistRta tathA isa dvAra se phUMka mArI jAtI hai| spaSTa hai ki jAnakArI ke abhAva meM varNana karanA saMbhava nahIM hai isa yaMtra se bahuta hI sarala dhune bajAyI jA sakatI lekina bhinna-bhinna nAmoM ke AdhAra para inake haiN| isase thor3I jaTila phiphalI meM nala thA bAMsa AkAra-prakAra kI bhinnatA spaSTa parilakSita hotI kI alaga-alaga nApa kI kaI naliyoM ko Apasa hai| meM bAMdhA jAtA hai aura vaha kAphI kucha eka choTe beDe jaisI lagane lagatI hai| bhinna-bhinna lambAI kI pavvaga, paccaga (parvaka, pratyaka) jambU. 3/31 naliyAM hone ke kAraNa unake svara bhI alaga parvaka, mukhavINA, choTA naagsr| alaga vistAra ke hote haiN| choTI bAMsurI kI dhvani AkAra-veNu sdRsh| adhika tIkhI hotI hai| hamAre deza meM pAyI jAne vAlI phiphalI yUropa kI penapAipa hotI hai| vivaraNa-mukhavINA eka prAcIna suSira vAdya hai| dakSiNa bhAratIya sAhitya meM isakA ullekha 12vIM AsAma ke lhoTA nAgAoM meM lagabhaga eka mITara zatAbdI ke graMthoM se prAraMbha hotA hai| lambI bAMsa kI patalI bAMsurI pAyI jAtI hai, jise eka bAlizta kA narasala lekara use bhUrjapatra meM phililI, parilI ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| lapeTa diye jAne para vaha mukha vINA kahalAtA thaa| (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-dahisTrI oNpha isameM mukha kI vAyu se dhvani utpanna hotI hai| myujikala iMsTrameMTsa) isako choTA nAgasara aura parvaka bhI kahate haiN| isakA prayoga nATakoM meM hotA thaa| parivAyaNI (parivAdinI) rAja. 77, jIvA. 3/ muMha se bajAe jAne vAlA vAdya hone ke kAraNa ise 588, praznavyA. 10/14 mukha vINA kahA jAtA hai| Avazyaka cU. pR. 300

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26 jaina Agama vAdya koza meM bhI ise muMha se bajAyA jAne vAlA vAdya kahA vAdya, iMDiyana myUjika iMsTrUmeMTsa) (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-iMDiyana phoka piripiriyA (piripiriyA) rAja. 71, bhaga. 5/ myUjika iMsTrUmeMTsa) 64, A. cU. 11/4 muralI, mAragI muralI, piripiri pavvIsaga (pavvIsaga) prazna. 4/4 AkAra-bAMsurI sdRsh| pravisaka, pinAkI vINA, pinAka, suravitAna, penA, vivaraNa-yaha vAdya bAMsarI kA hI eka bheda hai| pennA vINA isakA bAMsa do hAtha se kucha bar3A hotA hai| bajAne aakaar-dhnussaakaar| ke lie eka mukha-randhra hotA hai tathA svarotpatti ke vivaraNa-yaha eka ati prAcIna vAdya hai, jisakA lie cAra chidra hote haiN| isakA nAda atyanta ullekha prAyaH sabhI saMgIta graMthoM meM prApta hotA haiN| manohArI hotA hai| kucha paravartI AcAryoM ne ise isa vAdya kA daMDa 41 aMgula kA hotA hai| sire 'mAragI muralI' ke nAma se bhI saMbodhita kiyA hai| para eka aMgula caur3A tathA madhya meM do aMgula asama ke AdivAsI kSetroM meM ise piripiri kahate caur3A rahatA hai| isake donoM siroM para paune do haiN| aMgula chor3akara eka-eka aMgula lambe tathA paune do| (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-saMgIta sAra) aMgula caur3e mohare lage rahate haiN| ina moharoM ke Upara madhya meM eka tAMta baMdhI rahatI hai| daMDa ke nicale bhAga meM tIna tumbe isa prakAra lage rahate haiM pirilI, piralI (pirilI, piralI) jIvA. 3/ ki vAdaka ke baiThane kI sthiti meM nicalA tumbA 588, jambU. 3/31, jIvA. 266, ja.pR. 101 donoM pairoM ke bIca meM, bIca kA tumbA bagala meM piralI, puMgI, jijIvI, tumbI, bIna, nAgasara, tathA antima tumbA kaMdhe para A jAtA hai| isa maDavari, mahudi, pIpiharI prakAra vINAvAdaka kI aisI sthiti bana jAtI hai AkAra-lambI nalI ke madhya lagI huI tumbI ke jaise koI dhanurdhArI dhanuSa lekara baiThA ho| yaha vINA sdRsh| kamAna se bajAyI jAtI hai, jisakI lambAI 21 aMgula hotI hai| isameM parade nahIM hote| tAMta tathA kamAna meM virojA lagAyA jAtA hai| vimarza-saMgIta graMthoM meM 'pavvIsaga' nAmaka vAdya kA ullekha prApta nahIM hotaa| pavvIsaga dezI bhASA kA zabda hai, jisakI saMskRta chAyA-pravisaka ho sakatI hai| pravisaka pInAkI vINA ko kahate hai isalie prastuta zabda ke antargata isakA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-bhAratIya saMgIta Jain Education Interational For Private & Personal use only

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jaina Agama vAdya koza 27 vivaraNa-deza meM sarvatra hI sapere loga isa vAdya kA poyA (poyA) bhaga. 5/64 prayoga karate haiN| gaMgAjalI ke AkAra kA eka mahatI kAhalA tumbA lekara usake peMde meM itanA bar3A cheda karate haiN| bhagavatI TI. pR. 216 meM ise "poyA nAma mahatI ki usameM se do bAMsurI ke AkAra ke bAMsa jA kAhalA" kahakara mahatI kAhalA hone kA saMketa skeN| ina bAMsuriyoM meM Upara kI ora narasala ke kiyA hai| do rIDa lage rahate haiM, jaise ki baccoM kI sITiyoM (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-kharamuhI, peyA) meM hote haiN| ye donoM moma se bhalI bhAMti cipakAye hue rahate haiN| nIce ke peMde ko bhI moma se acchI prakAra cipakA diyA jAtA hai, jisase vAyu bAhara na baddhaka (baddhaka) rAja. 77, praznavyA. 10/14 nikala ske| donoM bAMsoM meM bAMsurI ke samAna tArapA, ghoMghA, khoMgADA, Dobaru, baddhaka, sAta chidra Age tathA eka chidra pIche kI ora hotA (mahArASTra) AkAra-lagabhaga puMgI sdRsh| ina nalikAoM meM se eka dhuna bajAne ke kAma AtI hai, dUsarI kevala sura nikAlane ke| ise puMgI, jijIvI, tumbI yA bIna bhI kahate haiN| saMskata meM isakA nAma nAgasara hai| laukika bhASA meM ise piralI ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| vartamAna meM bAMsa kI nalikAoM ke sthAna para do yA tIna suta vyAsa vAlI pItala kI nalI kA bhI prayoga karate haiM, jisake kAraNa isa vAdya ko mahuvari bhI kahate hai| peyA (peyA) rAja. 77 peyA, mahatI kAhalA AkAra-sAmAnya kAhalA se bdd'aa| vivaraNa isa vAdya kI saMracanA kA siddhAMta puMgI vivaraNa-isa vAdya kA AkAra kharamuhI (kAhalA) sadRza hai| laukI ke do yA tIna lambe tumboM ko se kAphI bar3A hotA thA, jisakI dhvani bhI tIvra eka sAtha jor3akara yaha vAdya banAyA jAtA hai| lambe evaM gaMbhIra hotI thii| vartamAna meM yaha vAdya prApta tuMbe ko marAThI meM 'dUdhiyA bhopalA' kahate haiN| nahIM hai| bAMsurI sadRza isameM svara randhroM kI vyavasthA hotI vimarza-saMgIta ke graMthoM meM peyA nAma ke kisI vAdya hai| pIche kI ora eka chidra banAkara usameM eka kA ullekha prApta nahIM hotaa| rAja. TI. pR. 126 nalI (mAutha pIsa) lagA dete haiN| jo mukharandhra kA meM "peyA nAma mahatI kAhalA" kahakara isako kArya karatA hai| isameM bajane vAlI eka hI pattI mahatI kAhalA kahA hai| hotI hai, jo kapATa kA kArya bhI karatI hai|

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28 jaina Agama vAdya koza isase phUMkI gaI havA khokhalI laukI meM bhara jAtI baddhIsaka, buAMga, dhanuSAkAra vaady| hai, vaha dAba bar3hAtI hai aura taba bAMsa kI do / aakaar-dhnussaakaar| naliyoM se pravAhita hotI hai| puMgI kI taraha isameM bhI tharatharAne vAle parde lage hote haiM, jo dikhAI nahIM dete| isameM bAhara bhI chidra hote haiM jo saMgIta bajAne ke kAma Ate haiN| eka aura atirikta bhAga hai jo mahudI meM nahIM hotA, yaha dhvani ko dizA va vistAra dene ke lie TIpa hotI hai| yaha TIpa athavA coMgA tAr3a kI pattiyoM kA banA hotA hai, jisakI pattiyoM ko cIrakara Apasa meM gola gola sIle AkAra meM buna diyA jAtA hai| tArapo gujarAta ke grAmINa aMcaloM aura mahArASTra ke varalI logoM meM pracalita eka khAsa prakAra kA phUMka vAlA vAdya hai| isa vAdya ko do-tIna laukI ke tumbe ko jor3akara banAte haiM isalie kaI kSetroM meM ise baddhaka bhI kahate haiN| bhAdrapada (sitambara) mAha ke dUsare pakhavAr3e meM jaba dhAna kI phasala kATane ko taiyAra hotI hai, varalI grAmINa ekatrita hote haiM aura tArapoM kA svara kaIkaI rAta taka kAphI dUra se hI sunA jA sakatA hai| Azvina (akTUbara) mAha ke AraMbha se hara roja sUraja Dhalate hI tArapo nRtya kiyA jAtA hai| vAdaka golA banAkara bIca meM khar3e ho jAte haiM aura nartaka unake irda girda gola gola ghUmate haiN| tArapo-vAdaka mur3ate haiM to ve bhI mur3a jAte haiN| ve kabhI bhI tArapo-vAdaka kI ora pITha nahIM karate haiN| vizeSa vivaraNa yaha eka prAcIna tata vAdya thA. jisakI avasaroM para varalI bhArI saMkhyA meM mahAlakSmI aneka kismeM Aja bhI alaMga-agala kSetroM meM maMdira para ikaTThe ho jAte haiM, jahAM dhArmika pravacana bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se prApta hotI haiN| ur3IsA kA hotA hai aura utsava ke aMga ke rUpa meM unakA buAMga isI vAdya kA eka prakAra hai, jisakI paraspara mukAbalA bhI hotA hai| lambAI lagabhaga eka mITara hotI hai| (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya- vAdya yaMtra) ise bAMsa kI nalI, pratidhvani utpanna karane vAle khola tathA rasse se banAyA jAtA hai| aMDe ke baddhIsaga (baddhIsaga) rAja. 77, A. cU. 11/2, AkAra ke bAMsa ke khola para kAgaja cipakA kara prazna vyA. 10/14 ise dhvani roka yaMtra meM badala diyA jAtA hai| koI

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29 jaina Agama vAdya koza bhI kAgaja yahAM taka ki akhabArI kAgaja aura raMga vivaraNa-isa vAdya kI gaNanA sAmAnya vINA ke paraMge patale kAgaja kI sundara kataraneM jor3akara ise rUpa meM hotI hai, jo AkAra-prakAra meM ekataMtrI nayanAbhirAma rUpa diyA jAtA hai| isase pratidhvani vINA se bhinna hai| yaha vAdya prAyaH ghumakkar3a sAdhu, paidA hotI hai aura ise eka AkarSaka rUpa raMga bhI saMtoM evaM yAcakoM ke hAtha meM dekhA jAtA hai, jisa sulabha ho jAtA hai| isa bAMsa kI TokarI ko bAMsa para ve svAntaH sukhAya bhajana gAte haiN| isakI daMDa ke nIce madhya bhAga meM bAMdha diyA jAtA hai| banAvaTa nimnokta prakAra kI haibAMsa daMDa ke donoM khule mukhoM para per3a kI mur3I huI lagabhaga chaha iMca paridhi kA moTA tathA tIna phuTa TahaniyAM kUca dI jAtI haiN| ye TahaniyAM kucheka lambA bAMsa kA daMDa banAyA jAtA hai, jisake semI. lambI hotI hai| paTuve kI rassI se isake UparI sire se do iMca chor3akara sAmane kI ora donoM siroM ko jor3a diyA jAtA hai| isase bUma- eka khUTI lagAI jAtI hai, jisameM tAra phaMsA rahatA bUma jaisI dhvani nikalatI hai| hai| nIce lagabhaga 24 iMca vyAsa kA tambA lagAyA tamilanADu tathA kerala kA billAdI vAdyam,gujarAta jAtA hai| yaha tumbA sitAra meM zobhA ke lie tathA rAjasthAna kA rAmaNahatthA athavA rAmaNastra lagane vAle Upara ke tumbe se AkAra meM kucha bar3A baddhIsaga vAdya kI hI prAcIna kismeM haiM, jinameM kucha hotA hai| isa tumbe ke madhya bhAga meM donoM ora se AdhunikatA kA puTa dRSTigocara hotA hai| aisA chidra banAte haiM, jisase uparyukta bAMsa kA daMDa (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-vAdya yaMtra, tumbe ke garbha meM praveza kara antima chora se dUsarI bhAratIya vAdya galu) ora nikala aaeN| tumbA meM daMDa kA praveza chidra isa nApa se banAte haiM jisase vaha usameM majabUtI se cipaka jAe aura majabUta banAne ke lie daMDa ballakI (ballakI) rAja. 77 aura tumbe meM saresa Adi cipakAne vAlA masAlA ballakI, sAmAnya vINA, (ekatArA) lagAkara usakI atirikta jur3AI bhI kara dI jAtI AkAra-eka tAra vAlI sAmAnya viinnaa| hai| tumbe kA UparI bhAga lagabhaga 21 iMca kI golAI se kATa kara nikAla dete haiM tathA isa sthAna para patalI kI huI khAla mar3ha dete haiN| prAyaH khAla ko pAnI meM bhigokara, use cAroM ora se khIMca kara tumbI ke Upara rakhakara phUladAra kIloM se mar3ha dete haiN| isI khAla ke madhya-kSetra meM choTI sI ghor3I rakhI jAtI hai, jisake Upara tAra rakhA jAtA hai| ghor3I ke pAye Upara ke tAra ke dabAva ke kAraNa khAla se cipake rahate haiN| ekatArA meM phaulAda kA 2 yA 3 nambara kA tAra car3hAyA jAtA hai jo eka chora para khUTI se baMdhA hotA hai tathA dUsare chora para daMDa ke usa bhAga se baMdhA hotA hai jo tumbA ke garbha se hotA huA lagabhaga Der3ha iMca Education International

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30 jaina Agama vAdya koza bAhara nikalA rahatA hai| bhAmarI (bhrAmarI) rAja. 77, jJAtA 17/22 jisa para eka tAra hotA hai, use ekatArA, jisa bhrAmarI vINA, rudra vINA, ziva vINA, taMjorI para do tAra hote haiM use do tArA kahate haiN| vINA vimarza-prastuta zabda kA ullekha kevala jainAgamoM AkAra-kinnarI vINA ke sdRsh| meM prApta hotA haiN| rAja. TI. pR. 49-50 meM vivaraNa-bhAratIya saMgIta meM kucha varSoM pUrva taka "ballakI-sAmAnyato vINA' kahakara ise sAmAnya ___ sarvAdhika lokapriya sthAna rakhane vAlI isa vINA vINA mAnA hai, isIlie sAmAnya vINA kA varNana kA daMDa caur3e tathA komala bAMsa kA banA hotA hai| kiyA gayA hai| isake eka chora ke nIce eka capaTA meru hotA hai| isake daMDa ke nIce do binA kaTe tumbe vicitra bhaMbhA (bhambhA) rAja. 77, jIvA. 3/31, jambU. vINA kI hI bhAMti lage hote haiN| suroM ke lie 3/31, jJAtA. 17/22 cAra mukhya taMtriyAM hotI haiM, jinake nIce bAMsa ke daMDa para moma se jur3e sIdhe khar3e patale cAra parde bhambhA, DhakkA, DhaMkA hote haiN| eka hAtha kI aMguliyAM jaba taMtriyoM ko AkAra-Dhavasa ke sdRsh| cher3atI haiM, dUsarA hAtha pardo ke Upara unheM rokatA vivaraNa-yaha vAdya vijayasAra ke kATha se banatA hai| hai| mukhya taMtriyoM ke atirikta do sahAyaka taMtriyAM isakI lambAI eka hAtha tathA paridhi 39, aMgula hotI haiM tathA daMDoM ke dUsarI ora bhI eka taMtrI kI hotI hai| isake donoM mukha teraha-teraha aMgula ke lagI hotI hai| hote haiN| donoM mukhoM ko kar3e camar3e se lapeTA jAtA saMgIta pArijAta evaM saMgIta sAra meM rudra vINA ke hai tathA usame sAta-sAta cheda kara camar3e se mar3ha chaha bheda aura batAye gaye haiN| ina samasta bhedoM ko diyA jAtA hai| una chedoM meM moTA DorA lagAyA tAra kI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para pratipAdita kiyA jAtA hai| isako bAMyIM bagala meM dabAkara dAhine gayA haihAtha se DaNDI dvArA bajAyA jAtA hai| 1. jisa rudra vINA meM do tAra lage hoM, use vimarza-isa vAdya kA nAmollekha jainAgamoM meM nakulI vINA kahate haiN| aneka sthaloM para huA hai| rAja. TI. pR. 49-50 2. jisa rudra vINA meM tIna tAra lage hoM, use meM bhaMbhA ko DhakkA kA paryAya mAnA hai jo ki tritaMtrI vINA kahate haiN| avanandra vAdya ke antargata AtA hai| jJAtA. 17/ 3. jisa rudra vINA meM cAra tAra lage hoM, use 22 meM bhaMbhA ko vINA ke antargata liyA hai| bahuta rAjadhAnI vINA kahate haiN| saMbhava hai-jisa prakAra jhAlari nAma ke do vAdya 4. jisa rUdra vINA meM pAMca tAra lage hoM. use avanaddha aura ghanavAdya ke rUpa meM pracalita the, usI prakAra bhaMbhA bhI vINA ke rUpa meM vikasita ho| vipaMcI vINA kahate haiN| kiMta bhaMbhA nAmaka vINA kA varNana aprApya hone ke 5. jisa rudra vINA meM chaha tAra lage hoM, use kAraNa prastuta zabda ko anavaddha vAdya ke antargata sarvarI vINA kahate haiN| liyA hai| 6. jisa rudra vINA meM sAta tAra lage hoM, use

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jaina Agama vAdya koza parivAdinI vINA kahate haiN| yadyapi isa vINA ko bajAne vAle aba bahuta kama loga haiM, phira bhI rabAba Adi kI bhAMti abhI isakA sarvathA lopa nahIM huA hai| Agama kAla meM ise bhrAmarI vINA kahate the, yahI vINA sAmAnya parivartana ke sAtha 13vIM zatAbdI meM taMjorI, 16-17vIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa sarasvatI evaM rudra vINA ke nAma se prasiddha huI / bherI (bherI) aupa. 67, nisi. 17/136, rAja. 77, naMdI gA. 44, anu, 522, dasA. 10/17, pajjo. 64,75 bherI AkAra - belanAkAra | vivaraNa - yaha vAdya ati prAcIna vAdya thA, jisakA prayoga yuddhoM, julUsoM tathA vivAhotsavoM Adi para hotA thaa| yuddha kI cIkha-pukAra, sainikoM meM utsAha kA saMcAra tathA zatruoM meM AtaMka phailAne ke lie prayukta Dhola vAdana meM anya tata vAdyoM ke sAtha bherI kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| 13vIM zatI meM likhe gaye "saMgIta ratnAkara" meM jo ki saMgIta para race sarvazreSTha graMthoM meM se eka mAnA jAtA hai, bherI kA saMkSipta varNana milatA hai - isa vAdya kA Dhola tAMbe kA banA hotA hai| yaha lagabhaga 65 senTImITara lambA aura do mukhoM meM pratyeka 25 senTImITara vyAsa kA hotA hai| eka mukha hAtha se bajAyA jAtA thA aura dUsarA koNa se| usa samaya bherI kI aneka kismeM vikasita thIM, jaise-madana bherI, raNa bherI, Ananda bherI, mahA bherI aadi| Aja bhI bherI kI belanAkAra aneka kismeM prApta hotI haiM, jinakA prayoga aneka kAryoM ke lie kiyA jAtA haiN| vimarza - bhaga. TI. pR. 217 meM bherI ko mahADhakkA, in Education International 31 bhaga. TI. pR. 476 meM mahAkAhalA tathA rAja. TI. pR. 49-50 meM bherI ko DhakkA kA paryAya mAnA hai| yaha vimarzanIya hai| saMgIta graMthoM meM bherI, DhakkA aura kAhalA bhinna-bhinna vAdya ke rUpa meM varNita hai| makariya (makarika) nisi. 17/138 makara, paTTavAdya, zrIparNI / AkAra - caukhaTAkAra / vivaraNa - yaha vAdya beMta kASTha kA caukhaTAkAra banAyA jAtA hai, jo 32 athavA 30 aMgula lambA tathA eka hAtha caur3A hotA hai| sArakA sadRza Upara-nIce tAra se baMdhA hotA hai| isa tAra meM choTe-choTe challe lage hotA haiN| ise vakSa ke sAmane athavA goda meM rakhakara aMgUThe tathA aMguliyoM meM rAla lagAkara ghisate hue bajAyA jAtA hai| vartamAna meM isa prakAra ke vAdya kA prayoga nahIM ke samAna hai| kaI saMgItajJoM ne ise maMDala vAdya kahA hai| (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-saMgIta ratnAkara) maDDaya (maDDaka, maDDaya) nisi. 17/136, rAja. 77 mAdala, maDDalam

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32 AkAra - mRdaMga ke sadRza / vivaraNa- isa vAdya kA DhAMcA miTTI se belana ke AkAra kA banAyA jAtA hai| isakA eka muMha choTA va dUsarA bar3A hotA hai| choTA, jise nArI kahate haiM. 10-12 aMgula caur3A hotA hai va bar3A muMha jise nara kahate hai, 16 aMgula caur3A hotA hai| isa para hiraNa yA bakare kI khAla mar3hI jAtI hai| isakI khAla sIdhI DoriyoM dvArA kasI jAtI hai| mAdala meM challe nahIM lagAye jAte / svara ko UMcA aura nIcA karane ke lie isake donoM mukhoM para yava kA ATA lagAyA jAtA hai| vizeSa rUpa se yaha vAdya bhIla aura garAsiyA jAti dvArA bajAyA jAtA hai| bhIloM ke vivAha meM, mandiroM meM yaha bahuta sunane meM AtA hai| isakI AvAja bahuta teja hotI hai| mukhya rUpa se isakA prayoga jAtIya nRtya maMDaliyoM meM hotA hai| baMgAla tathA bihAra kI bhIla tathA santhAla jAtiyoM ke mAdala se yaha bhinna hai / maddala (mardala) dasA. 10/24, rAja. 77 mardala AkAra - mRdaMga ke sadRza vivaraNa - yaha eka prAcIna avanaddha vAdya thA, jise madhyakAlIna evaM Adhunika saMgItajJoM ne mRdaMga kA hI paryAya mAnA hai| eka madhyakAlIna lekhaka ne mardala kA varNana kiyA hai, jisake anusAra mardala lagabhaga 40 senTImITara lambA tathA bIca meM phUlA, lakar3I se banA vAdya hai| isake eka mukha kA vyAsa 24 senTImITara tathA dUsare mukha kA vyAsa lagabhaga 25 senTImITara hotA hai| donoM mukhoM para pake cAvala meM rAkha milAkara lepa kiyA jAtA hai| vimarza - sAraMga deva (saMgIta ratnAkAra vAdyAdhyAya 1027) tathA DaoN. lAlamaNi mizra ne ( bhAratIya jaina Agama vAdya koza saMgIta vAdya pR. 96) mardala ko mRdaMga kA hI paryAya mAnA hai, jo ThIka pratIta nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki rAja. 77 meM mRdaMga, muraja aura mardala kA bhinnabhinna vAdyoM ke rUpa meM nAmollekha huA haiM / rAja. TI. pR. 49-50 meM "mardala - ubhayataH samaH vAdyavizeSaH " kahakara mardala ke mukhoM ko samAna batalAyA haiN| saMbhava hai ki isa prAcIna vAdya kA lopa madhyakAla se pUrva hI ho gayA ho / mahati, mahatI ( mahatI) jIvA. 3 / 588, jambU. 3/31, rAja. 77 mahatI vINA, mahAvINA, nArada vINA, mattakokilA vINA, vana vINA / AkAra - saMtUra ke sadRza / vivaraNa - mahatI vINA kA ullekha jainAgamoM va saMgIta ke graMthoM meM prApta hai| yaha eka prAcIna vINA thI, jise nArada kI vINA bhI kahate the| nAnyadeva ne bharata bhASya meM mahatI vINA ko ikkIsa tAra vAlI kahA hai| kolakAtA saMgrahAlaya meM mahatI vINA nAma se jo vINA prApta hai, usameM bhI ikkIsa tAra haiN| ukta vINA ko hI kaI vidvAnoM ne mahatI vINA mAnA hai| kintu jambU. TI. pR. 101 aura rAja. TI. pR. 49 meM mahatI ko zatataMtrikA vINA" kahakara ise sau tAra vAlI vINA kahA hai| bI. caitanya deva ne (vAdya yaMtra pR. 96) sau tAra vAlI vana vINA athavA mahAvINA kA varNana kiyA hai, jise DaMDiyoM se bajAyA jAtA thA / vAdya yaMtra ke daMDa meM dasa chidra hote the aura pratyeka chidra se dasa tAra nikalate the| isa prakAra kula milAkara sau tAra hote the| kucha vidvAnoM ne vana vINA ko hI mahatI vINA kA mUla svarUpa mAnA hai|

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jaina Agama vAdya koza 33 mahAbherI (mahAbherI) ThANaM 7/42 anu. 301 aura baMgAla kA khola Adi AkAra aura saMracanA mahAmerI meM asamAnatA hote hue bhI mRdaMga hI kahe jAte haiN| AkAra sAmAnya bherI se bdd'aa| dakSiNa meM mRdaMgam hI eka aisA vAdya hai, jo vivaraNa-isa vAdya kA nirmANa tAMbe se hotA thaa| zAstrIya saMgIta sabhAoM meM saMgata ke lie prayoga isakI dhvani tIvra evaM gaMbhIra hotI thii| ise zaMkha kiyA jAtA hai| karnATakIya saMgIta meM pracalita ke sAtha bajAyA jAtA thaa| 'mRdaMgam' apane Apa meM adbhuta hai, jisakA varNana (vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-bherI) isa prakAra hai-isa vAdya yaMtra kA khola lakar3I kA hotA hai aura lagabhaga 60 senTImITara lambA hotA hai| jaisAki isa saMdarbha meM Avazyaka hI hai, yaha muiMga (mRdaMga) rAja. 77, aupa. 67,68 ThANaM bIca se phUlA hotA hai aura isakA eka mukha dUsare 7/42, 8/10, dasA. 10/17,18, prajJA. 2/ se bar3A hotA hai| dAyAM makha bAMeM kI apekSA ka 30, jambU. 2/12 choTA hotA hai| mukhoM kI saMracanA bhI kucha bhinna mRdaMga, pakhAvaja hotI hai| isa vAdya para vAdana se turanta pahale ATe kI loI madhya bhAga meM lagA dI jAtI hai, ise vAdana ke uparAMta haTA diyA jAtA hai| lakar3I ke Tukar3e aura patthara se dAyeM pinnala ko Thoka bajAkara vAdya ko milAyA jAtA hai| jisa vAdya ko uttara bhAratIya mRdaMga athavA pakhAvaja ke nAma se jAnate haiM usI ko dakSiNa bhArata meM mRdaMgam kahate haiN| pakhAvaja kA AkAra-prakAra mRdaMgam jaisA hI hai, kevala banAvaTa meM thor3A antara pratIta hotA hai| jo isa prakAra hai-mRdaMgam ke samAna yaha bhI lakar3I kA banA hotA hai, thor3A sA adhika lambA, isameM jhilliyAM bhI kaI hotI haiM kintu unakA vyAsa thor3A alaga hotA hai| dakSiNa ke vAdyoM kI taraha isake bhI dAyeM mukha para eka kAle mizraNa kA lepa AkAra-Dholaka ke sadaza avanaddha vAdya jisakA kiyA jAtA hai, jise syAhI kahate haiN| bAyIM ora eka mukha saMkIrNa tathA dUsarA mukha vistRta hotA isameM bhI mRdaMgam kI taraha ATe kA lepa lagAyA jAtA hai| AkRti aura mApa ke atirikta eka jo vivaraNa-isa vAdya kA varNana jainAgamoM, bauddha piTakoM Ama antara hai ina donoM vAdyoM meM, vaha yaha hai ki evaM prAcIna saMgIta ke graMthoM meM aneka sthaloM para pakhAvaja meM eka chor3akara eka DorI ke nIce lakar3I prApta hotA hai| Aja bhI mRdaMga kI aneka kismeM ke guTake lage hote haiM jinheM sura ke sAtha milAne alaga-alaga nAmoM se prApta hotI haiN| jaise-dakSiNa ke lie Upara-nIce kiyA jA sakatA hai| bhArata kA mRdaMgam, hindustAnI saMgIta kA pakhAvaja Adhunika yuga meM mRdaMga ke dakSiNa mukha meM

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34 jaina Agama vAdya koza aadi| ATe athavA miTTI kI pUlikA ke sthAna para muraya, murava (muraja) nisi. 17/139, rAja. lohe ke cUrNa Adi se banA masAlA lagAyA 77, dasA. 10/17, pajjo. 75, anu. 375, jAtA hai| aupa. 67 vimarza-sAraMga deva ne (saMgIta ratnAkAra vAdyAdhyAya muraja, murasu (tamila), murava (iMDoneziyA) 1027) mRdaMga ko muraja aura mardala kA paryAya AkAra-mRdaMga ke sdRsh| mAnA hai| abhinava guptAcArya ne (nATaya zAstra 34 vivaraNa-muraja kA AkAra bhI mRdaMga aura mardala adhyAya pR. 460) muraja kA paryAya mAnA hai| DaoN. jaisA hI pratIta hotA hai lekina usake bajAne vAle lAlamaNi mizra ne (bhAratIya saMgIta vAdya pR. 95) mukha apekSAkRta choTe the| saMskRta sAhitya ke muraja aura mardala kA paryAya mAnA hai| yaha atirikta saMgama kAla ke tamila sAhitya meM murasu vimarzanIya hai kyoMki rAja. 77, aupa. 67, dasA. kI kaI kismoM kA varNana milatA hai yathA-vIra 10/17,18 meM muraja ke bAda mRdaMga zabda AyA murasu (yuddha vAdya), tyAga murasu (jisakA vAdana hai, jo do bhinna vAdyoM kA sUcaka hai| bI. caitanya dAna yA anudAna kI ghoSaNA ke lie hotA thA) deva ne (vAdya yaMtra pR. 42-43) bhI muraja aur| mRdaMga ko do bhinna-bhinna vAdya mAnate hue uparokta muraja kA calana iMDoneziyA meM hone ke pramANa haiM kathana kI puSTi kI hai| jahAM isakA nAma murava ho gyaa| vimarza-sAraMga deva ne (saMgIta ratnAkAra vAdyAdhyAya muguMda, maguMda (mukunda) rAja.77, jIvA. 3/588 1027) muraja ko mRdaMga kA paryAya mAnA hai| zrI khola, khola, mukunda, mkNd| abhinava guptAcArya ne (nATya zAstra 34 adhyAya AkAra-muraja sdRsh| pR. 405) bhI ukta kathana kI puSTi kI hai| yaha vivaraNa yaha eka ati prAcIna avanaddha vAdya hai, vimarzanIya hai kyoMki rAja. 77 dasA.10/17 meM jisakI aneka kismeM alaga-alaga kSetroM meM pAI mRdaMga aura muraja kA bhinna-bhinna vAdya ke rUpa meM nAmollekha huA hai| yaha saMbhAvanA kI jA sakatI jAtI haiN| bhakti aura kIrtana ke sAtha isa vAdya kA hai-AkAra-prakAra kI sAmyatA ke kAraNa gaharA saMbaMdha hai| kahate haiM-caitanya deva mahAprabhu kA madhyakAlIna evaM Adhunika saMgItajJoM ne muraja ko yaha priya vAdya thaa| mRdaMga kA hI paryAya mAna liyaa| yaha vAdya lagabhaga pauna mITara lambA hotA hai, dUsare mukha kI apekSA eka mukha kAphI caur3A hotA hai| yaha lakar3I yA pakI miTTI kA hotA ragasigA (ragasigA) jIvA. 3/588 hai aura mRdaMga kI bhAMti kaI partoM vAle do mukha kA ragasigA, raNasigA, raNasiMga vakrI, raNasiMga hotA haiN| AkAra-zahanAI sdRsh| yaha baMgAla meM khola, zrI khola, maNipura, nAgAlaiMDa vivaraNa yaha eka prAcIna suSira vAdya thA, jisakI meM mukuMda, makaMda, puMga Adi nAmoM se jAnA jAtA aneka kismeM Aja bhI prApta hotI haiN| yaha tIna hAtha lambI tAMbA athavA pItala kI khokhalI nalI, hai|

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jaina Agama vAdya koza 35 jo tIna sthAnoM se kaTorInumA banI ho, raNasiMga gharSaNa ke dvArA svara ubhArane vAlA vAdya kahA hai| vakrI kahalAtI hai| PG. 35 (1) isameM SaDja, paMcama kI dhvaniyAM nikalatI haiN| isako pracAra meM raNasiMga, raMgasiMgA kahate haiN| riMgisiyA (riMgisiyA, riMgisikA) rAja. 77 riGgisikA, gharSaNa vAdya, rigaabraiyaa| AkAra - dAMte yukta bAMsurI sadRza / vivaraNa- isa vAdya kA nirmANa mukhyataH bAMsa kI nalikA se hotA hai| lagabhaga 50 semI. lambe bAMsa ke khokhale Tukar3e lekara, usakI sataha para DheroM Ar3e-tirache dAMte kara diye jAte haiN| isakI dIvAra meM prAyaH eka choTI sI darAra bhI kara dI jAtI hai, jisase gharSaNa karane vAle yaMtra ke dvArA adhika gUMja utpanna ho ske| kabhI-kabhI adhika gUMja paidA karane ke lie isameM eka choTA tumbA bhI lagA dete haiN| char3I ke dvArA gharSaNa karane para eka prakAra kI dhvani paidA hotI hai| jambU. TI. pR. 101 meM bhI ise loka saMgIta va kabIlAI saMgIta meM ise mukhya rUpa se prayoga meM lete haiN| (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya- bhAratIya vAdya galu) rigisigI (rigisigI) jambU. 3/31 rigisigI, rApoNi (AsAma) gharSaNa vAdya / AkAra - bAMsa kI eka mITara lambI char3I / vivaraNa- yaha vAdya kirikiTTaka aura riMgisikA kI jAti kA vAdya hai| ise kucha-kucha vAyalina kI taraha pakar3A jAtA hai aura usI hAtha meM pakar3I huI eka kaur3I ko bAMsa ke dAMtoM para tejI se UparanIce calAyA jAtA haiM, jisake gharSaNa se dhvani utpanna hotI hai| AsAma meM ise rAponi kahate haiN| kabIlAI va loka saMgIta meM isa vAdya kI aneka kismeM prayoga meM AtI haiN| lattiya (lattiya) nisi. 17/138, rAja. 77, A. cU. 11/2 lattiya, brahmatAlam, kAMsyavAdya /

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36 AkAra - taztarI sadRza / vivaraNa-yaha vAdya kAMse kA banAyA jAtA hai, jisakA eka bhAga capaTA aura Upara kI ora ubharA rahatA hai| isa vAdya ko pakar3ane ke lie isake gola capaTe bhAga meM DorI DAlakara unheM saMbaddha kara diyA jAtA hai| isakA prayoga r3hola bajAte samaya athavA nRtya ke sAtha kiyA jAtA I (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-saMgIta vAdya galu) vaMsa (vaMza) nisi. 17/139, naMdI. gA. 38, rAja. 77, jambU. 3/31 vaMzI, bAMsurI AkAra - veNu ke sadRza / vivaraNa - yaha bhArata kA ati prAcIna suSira vAdya hai, jise prAyaH mele Adi ke avasara para bikate hue dekhA jAtA hai| Adhunika yuga meM bAMsurI kI aneka kismeM prApta haiN| prAcIna kAla meM vaMzI banAne ke lie cikanA, sIdhA tathA binA gAMTha ke bAMsa kA prayoga to karate hI the, khaira kI lakar3I, hAthI dAMta, lAla candana tathA sapheda candana kI bhI bAMsurI banatI thI / lohA, kAMsA, cAMdI, sonA Adi kI bhI bAMsuriyAM banAI jAtI thiiN| bAMsuriyAM gola AkAra kI sIdhI tathA cikanI hotI thiiN| prAyaH kaniSThA aMgulI praveza kara sake itanI polI hotI thI / vaMzI kI lambAI 10 aMgula se lekara 35 aMgula taka hotI hai| UparI bhAga meM do, tIna athavA cAra aMgula chor3akara eka aMgula ke pramANa se eka cheda kiyA jaina Agama vAdya koza jAtA hai, jise mukharandhra kahate haiN| bAMsurI kI lambAI ke anupAta meM 4 se 15 taka cheda kiye jAte haiN| mukharandhra ke pAsa vAdana ke lie eka coMca sI banA dI jAtI hai| jaba saMgItakAra coMca se havA phUMkatA hai to isa cheda kI pattI ke kinAroM se havA ke TakarAne se dhvani paidA hotI hai| vAdaka apanI aMguliyoM se randhroM ko kholate, baMda karate samaya surIlI dhvani nikAlatA hai| isa kisma kI vaMzI ko uttara bhArata meM bAMsurI kahA jAtA hai| saMgIta sAra aura saMgIta ratnAkara meM isake 14 bheda kiye gae haiM-jaise umApati, tripuruSa, caturmukha, paMcavaktra Adi / vaccaga (vaccaka) jIvA. 3/588, jaM. pra. 101 alagojA, vaccaka, bIna / AkAra - satArA sadRza / vivaraNa- yaha eka prAcIna vAdya hai| loka saMgIta meM isakA vizeSa prayoga hotA rahA hai| ise bAMsa athavA lakar3I ko polA kara ke banAyA jAtA hai| isameM do bAMsurI rahatI haiM, jinameM cAracAra chidra hote haiM, jinheM eka sAtha phUMkA jAtA hai| isameM donoM hAthoM kA prayoga hotA hai tathA pratyeka bAMsurI para tIna-tIna aMguliyAM rakhI jAtI haiN| isa vAdya se saMgati bhI hotI hai aura svataMtra rUpa se bhI vAdana kiyA jAtA hai| isa vAdya kA svara bahuta UMcA hotA hai phalataH isake sAtha gAne vAle bhI bahuta UMce svara se gAte haiN| sindhu pradeza meM sAdhAraNa aMtara ke sAtha ise vaccaka kahate haiN| rAjasthAna ke alavara jile meM meva ise gItoM ke sAtha bajAte haiN| rAjasthAna ke laMgAo ne isake AMtarika guNa kA upayoga kara ise loka saMgIta ke yogya banAyA hai|

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jaina Agama vAdya koza 37 vaddhIsaga (vaddhIsaga) nisi. 17/137 aura zAstrIya saMgIta taka pracalita hone kA gaurava vaddhIsaka, buAMga, dhanuSAkAra vaady| prApta hai| isakA kAraNa Ar3I bAMsurI kA vaividhyapUrNa honA pratIta hotA hai| bhAratIya saMgIta (vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-baddhIsaga) apanI AvRttiyoM ke sUkSma aMtara kI utkRSTatA tathA adAkArI meM bahuta samRddha hai| pahale ko zruti varamuraya (varamuraja) prazna vyA. 10/14 aura dasare ko gamaka kahA jAtA hai| yaha aMgaliyoM zreSTha muraja . ke capala saMcAlana, phUMka janita havA ke dabAva tathA AkAra-sAmAnya muraja se bdd'aa| bAMsurI ke adhara para rakhane ke koNa meM aMtara lAkara kiyA jAtA hai| vivaraNa-yaha vAdya muraja kI hI eka zreSTha prajAti thI, jise vizeSa avasaroM para upayoga meM liyA yaha vAdya eka sire para khulA aura dUsarI ora se baMda hotA hai| baMda sire se kucha hI semI. nIce eka jAtA thaa| cheda phUMka mArane ke lie hotA hai, jisako muhAnA (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-muraja) yA phUMka mArane kA randhra kahate haiN| vAdya yaMtra meM thor3I-thor3I dUra para aneka randhra hote haiM, jinake vallaki (vallakI) pra. vyA. 10/14, jJAtA. Upara aMgulI ke saMcAlana se dhuna bajAyI jAtI hai| 17/22 isakA nirmANa bAMsa, pItala, cAMdI Adi se kiyA valkI jAtA hai| vivaraNa yaha eka prAcIna vINA thI jisakA ullekha jainAgamoM evaM saMgIta graMthoM meM prApta hotA hai| vAliyA (vAlikA) nisi. 17/138 saMgItopaniSatsAroddhAra 4/9 meM isa vINA kA mAtra kaTolA, sUpa vAdya, vaalikaa| ullekha huA hai| abhidhAna ciMtAmaNi meM AkAra-viSama caturbhujAkAra khokhalA vaady| "caMDAlAnAM tu vallakI' kahakara ise caMDAloM kI vINA mAnA hai| kiMtu kisI bhI grantha meM isake vivaraNa-yaha vAdya prAcIna samaya meM pUre bhArata meM svarUpa tathA vAdana saMbaMdhI koI jAnakArI prApta alaga-alaga nAmoM se prApta hotA thA, jise nahIM hotii| ataeva isake svarUpa Adi ke saMdarbha vartamAna meM kaTolA vAdya, sUpa vAdya, vAlI vAdya meM kucha bhI kahanA saMbhava nahIM hai| kahate haiN| madhyapradeza ke Abula mAriA saMgIta aura nRtya meM isa vAdya kA prayoga karate haiN| yaha kASTha se nirmita vAlI (vAlI) rAja. 77 kucha-kucha sUpa jaisA hotA hai| laMbAI kI ora ADI vaMzI, vAlI khulA rahatA hai tAki usa ora kI taMga jhirI ke AkAra-bAMsurI ke sdRshH| mAdhyama se aMdara se use khokhalA kiyA jA vivaraNa-Ar3I bAMsurI saMpUrNa deza meM sarvAdhika ske| yaha dhana-vAdya vAdaka ke gale meM laTakA rahatA lokapriya aura suparicita hai| yaha apane varga kA hai aura char3iyoM se pITakara bajAyA jAtA hai| aisA akelA vAdya bhI hai jise AdivAsI, loka (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-vAdya yaMtra)

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38 jaina Agama vAdya koza vicittavINA pA. (vicitra vINA pA.) jJAtA. 17/ taraha se mile hone para mukhya tAroM ke sAtha bajAte 22 hue atirikta jhaMkAra utpanna karate haiN| vicitra vINA vicitra vINA kA vAdana atyaMta kaThina hone ke AkAra-Adhunika sitAra ke sdRsh| kAraNa tathA tAnasena ke vaMzajoM dvArA rudra-vINA rabAba ko apanAye jAne ke kAraNa madhyayuga meM isakA prAyaH lopa ho gayA thA, kiMtu ina dinoM yaha apane vikasita rUpa meM phira pracAra meM A rahI hai| yadyapi aba bhI isa vINA ko bajAne vAle deza meM ine-gine loga hI haiN| sAmAnya rUpa se yaha dekhane meM aisI pratIta hotI hai, mAno rudra vINA se paradeM nikAla diye gaye haiM, aura saba kucha vahI hai| kiMtu sUkSma dRSTi se dekhane para donoM kA aMtara spaSTa ho jAtA hai| Jull vipaMci (vipaJcI) nisi. 17/137, rAja. 77. A. cU. 11/2 vipaJcI, nautaMtrI viinnaa| AkAra-tambUrA sdRsh| vivaraNa-citrA vINA kI bhAMti isa vINA ko bhI aMguliyoM se bajAyA jAtA thaa| vaidika yuga ke vivaraNa-vicitra vINA bhAratIya saMgItakAroM dvArA pazcAt jina taMtrI vAdyoM kA vikAsa huA, unameM bajAyA jAne vAlA binA paryoM kA sitAra hai| vipaMcI kA nAma mukhya hai| maharSi bharata ne isako isakA daMDa lagabhaga savA mITara laMbA hotA hai| pramukha vINAoM meM mAnA hai| isa vINA meM nau isameM donoM ora do bar3e taMbe lage hote haiN| jaise taMtriyAM hotI thI jinheM sAta zuddha tathA antara ki anya samakAlIna vINAoM meM hotA hai, isameM kAkalI yukta svaroM meM milAyA jAtA thaa| vartamAna bhI daMDa ke eka ora vizAla meru hotA hai aura meM isa nAma kI koI vINA prayoga meM nahI aatii| dUsarI ora taMtriyAM bhI hotI haiM jinheM cikArI kahA vimarza-nAnyadeva ne bharata bhASya meM aura sAraMgadeva jAtA hai, jo sura dene ko cher3I jAtI haiM, mukhya ne saMgIta ratnAkara meM "vipaJcyAM navataMtrISu" tAra bhI mijarAba pahanI aMguliyoM se bajAye jAte kahakara vipaMcI ko nau taMtrI vINA kahA hai| jabaki haiN| rAga bajAne ke lie koca ke eka gole se rAja. TI. pra. meM "vipaMcI tritaMtrIvINA"-vipaMcI ko unheM dabAyA aura chor3A jAtA hai| mukhya tAroM ke tritaMtrIvINA mAnA hai| ho sakatA hai ki Agama nIce lagabhaga eka darjana yA usase adhika tAra kAla meM vipaMcI yukta vINA ho, jo bAda meM nau lage hote haiM jinheM taraba kahA jAtA hai, jo ThIka taMtrI vINA ke rUpa meM vikasita ho gaI ho|

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jaina Agama vAdya koza 39 vINA (vINA) nisi. 17/137, rAja. 77, anu. 250, jIvA.3/285, prazna vyA. 10/14 vINA veNu (veNu) nisi. 17/139, jIvA. 3/588, A. cU. 11/4, bhaga. 21/17 veNu AkAra-vaMzI sdRsh| vivaraNa yaha eka prAcIna suSira vAdya hai| isakA ullekha jainAgamoM, vedoM evaM uttaravartI graMthoM meM prApta hotA hai| vibhinna prakAra vAlI veNu kA nirmANa prAyaH bAMsa kI nalikA dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| veNu kI lambAI AvazyakatA para nirbhara karatI hai aura usake anusAra badalatI rahatI hai| choTI veNu teja gati aura UMcI AvAja ke lie tathA bar3I, veNu dhImI gati aura nIcI AvAja ke lie hotI hai| veNu palAsiya (veNu palAsiya) sUya. 1/4/38 mUrsiMga, bhUcaMga, mukha-caMga, veNu palAsiya, morcNg| AkAra-vibhinna AkAra vAlA taMtrI yukta vaady| vivaraNa-jainAgamoM, vedoM evaM uttaravartI graMthoM meM vINAoM kA vizada varNana prApta hotA hai| taMtrI yukta sabhI prakAra ke vAdyoM ko vINA ke antargata athavA tat vAdyoM ke antargata mAnA gyaa| prAcIna samaya meM eka taMtrI vINA se lekara zata taMtrI vINA taka kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| jaise-alAbu vINA, ekatArA, AlApinI, citrA, vicitrA, bhrAmarI, kinnarI, ballakI, vipaMcI-nau taMtrI yukta vINA. mahatI tathA vANa vINA-zata taMtrI yakta vINA aadi| prAcIna aise aneka vINAeM haiM, jo vartamAna meM prApta nahIM hotI jaise-citrA, mahatI vipaMcI aadi| saMgIta ratnAkara saMgItasAra Adi graMthoM meM vINAoM ke AkAra-prakAra evaM vAdana-vidhi kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| Jain Education Interational

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40 AkAra - trizUla ke sadRza / vivaraNa - yaha vAdya mukhyataH bAMsa kA hI banAyA jAtA thA, kiMtu aba lohe kA bhI banAyA jAtA hai| yaha sAta-ATha seMTImITara laMbAI kA eka choTA-sA loka vAdya hai, jo rAjasthAna tathA uttara pradeza ke braja kSetroM meM pAyA jAtA hai| kintu dakSiNa bhAratIya saMgIta sabhAoM meM mRdaMga, ghaTa tathA khaMjIrA vAdyoM ke sAtha sahAyaka tAla vAdya ke rUpa meM isakA bahuta istemAla hotA hai| isa vAdya kA mukhya caukhaTA golAkAra hotA hai, jisakA vRtta pUrA nahIM hotA / isa adhUre vRtta ke donoM aMtima chora laMbe kAMToM ke rUpa meM bAhara nikale rahate haiN| ina donoM kAMToM ke bIca kI jagaha meM eka patalI jIbha rahatI hai, jisakA eka sirA cakra ke bhItarI hisse se jur3A rahatA hai aura dUsarA sirA mukta hotA hai| donoM kAMToM se yaha thor3I sI adhika lambI bha hotI hai| vAdaka bhUcaMga ko eka hAtha se pakar3akara usake donoM kAMTe vAle sthala ko apane dAMtoM ke bIca majabUtI se pakar3e rahatA hai| aba vaha dUsare hAtha kI aMguliyoM se donoM kAMToM ke bIca vAlI jIbha ko vINA ke tAra ke samAna cher3akara jhaMkRta karatA hai| vAdaka kA mukha isa kriyA meM gUMja utpanna karane vAle anunAdaka kA kArya karatA hai| isa prakAra mukha kI AkRtiyAM badala-badala kara tathA sAMsa para niyaMtraNa rakhate hue vAdaka atyaMta pariSkRta evaM komala dhvaniyAM paidA karatA hai| hindI sAhitya meM isa vAdya ko mukha caMga bhI kahA gayA hai, kyoMki yaha mukha arthAt muMha meM rakhakara bajAyA jAtA hai| sUya. TI. pR. 116 se bhI uparokta kathana kI puSTi hotI hai| ise suSira vAdya aura ghana vAdya donoM hI kaha sakate haiN| loka vAdyoM ko sammilita bajAte samaya mukha caMga kI dhvani apanA eka alaga hI AkarSaNa rakhatI hai| vevA (vevA) nisi. 17/139 pepA, vevA (tibbata) jaina Agama vAdya koza AkAra - jur3I huI do nalikAoM ke sadRza / vivaraNa - yaha vAdya hamAre deza ke sabhI bhAgoM meM nahIM pAyA jaataa| isameM lagabhaga 20 seMTImITara lambI do naliyAM hotI haiM, jo randhroM ke pAsa Apasa meM jur3I hotI haiN| eka sire para eka pattI athavA rIDa hotI hai, jo yA to bAMsa kI nalI se r3hakI hotI hai athavA khulI rahatI hai| yaha sirA muMha meM rakhA jAtA hai aura AvAja paidA karane ke lie isameM phUMka mArI jAtI hai| pratyeka nalI ke dUsare sire para bhaiMsa kA sIMga athavA dhAtu kA coMgA bhoMpU kI taraha kAma meM lAne ke lie lagA hotA hai| nRtya tathA gAna kI saMgati ke lie prayukta hone vAlA yaha pepA vAdya mukhya rUpa se AsAma meM prApta hotA hai| phUMkane ke lie isameM vizeSa prakAra kI rIDa kA prayoga hotA hai| isake eka sIMga meM vAdana ke lie tIna tathA dUsare meM cAra chidra hote haiN| isI ke sadRza vAdya ko tibbata evaM nikaTavartI kSetroM meM vevA kahA jAtA hai| .

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jaina Agama vAdya koza 41 (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-bhAratIya vAdya se nikAlA jAtA hai| isakI do jAtiyAM galu) 'dakSiNAvarta' tathA 'vAmAvarta' nAma se prasiddha hai| saMgIta pArijAta ke anusAra vAdyopayogI zaMkha kA saMkha (kha) rAja 77. utta 11/15 ThANaM peTa bAraha aMgula kA hotA hai| usameM mukha kA cheda 7/42, dasA. 10/17, naMdI. 4, anu. 301 bera ke bIja ke barAbara hotA hai tathA usake Upara zaMkha patalI dhAtu kA kalaza banAte haiN| isa kalaza ko mukha meM rakhakara zaMkha ko vAdya kI bhAMti bajAyA jAtA hai| tAnasena kRta saMgItasAra nAmaka graMtha meM pR. 111para zaMkha kA vizeSa vivaraNa prApta hotA hai jo nimnavat "jahAM zaMkha gyAraha aMgala ko lambI hoya aura zuddha jAkI nAbhI bhItara soM savAMrI hoya" yaha tIna dhAtu ko bhogalI ke AkAra sikhara lagAie jomeM zaMkha ko mula Adhe so sikhara lgaaie| tala sikhara ke mukha upara Adhe aMgula ke pramAna cheda krie| sikhara ke bhItara ur3ada bhAve aisoM cheda karie so saMkha jaanie| so yA zaMkha ko do hAtha meM leke (huM bhuM dhAM diga diga) ina pATAkSara so bjaaie| AkAra-vibhinna AkAra evaM prakAra ke| vivaraNa-zaMkha bhArata kA ati prAcIna suSira vAdya saNAliya (saNAliya) nisitra 17/138 hai| Agama yuga se hI isakA prayoga dhArmika tthaa| zrI maMDala, ghaMTI bAjA, yunalo (cIna), thAlI yuddha Adi meM hotA hai| prAcIna kAla meM zaMkha ke taraMga, sunaalii| aneka rUpa pracalita rahe haiN| vizeSa rUpa se eka AkAra-lagabhaga Der3ha mITara UMcA dhAtu kA eka nalI banAkara usake Adi yA aMta meM zaMkha ddhaaNcaa| lagAkara vAdana kI prakriyA prAcIna kAla se pAyI vivaraNa-isa prAcIna ghana vAdya ke DhAMce meM lohe yA jAtI hai jo saMgIta-zAstroM ke anusAra madhya yuga kAMse kI 8,13 yA 16 gola capaTI pleTeM laTakI taka vartamAna rhii| rahatI haiN| ye pleTeM bhinna-bhinna moTAI tathA vyAsa Adhunika kAla meM zaMkha kA prayoga dhArmika utsavoM kI hotI haiM, jinako saptaka ke manacAhe svaroM meM meM hI prAyaH hotA dekhA jAtA hai jisakA rUpa milAyA jA sakatA hai| prAkRtika hI hai| dhuna nikAlane ke lie ina svaroM ko lakar3I kI zaMkha eka sAmudrika jIva kA DhAMcA hai, jo samudra DaMDI ke prahAra se bajAyA jAtA hai| loka saMgIta Jan Education International

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42 jaina Agama vAdya koza vAdyoM meM ise zrI maMDala, thAlI taraMga, ghaMTI bAjA, sunAlI Adi nAmoM se jAnA jAtA haiN| ise mukhya rUpa se vivAha ke avasaroM evaM loka saMgIta meM bajAyA jAtA hai| saduya (saduya) nisi. 17/136 saduya, DakkA, ddNkaa| AkAra-huDukkA sdRsh| vivaraNa-yaha vAdya huDukkA jAti kA hI eka vAdya hai| saMgIta graMthoM meM DakkA ke nAma se isakA ullekha prApta hotA hai| yaha eka vAlista lambA evaM bhItara se polA kASTha kA banA hotA hai| isakA madhya bhAga patalA tathA donoM mukhoM kA vivaraNa-prAcIna vAdyoM meM zRMga vAdyoM kA vizeSa vyAsa ATha aMgula kA hotA hai| mahattva rahA haiM aura haiN| yaha prAcIna sIMga vAdya isake donoM mukhoM para cAra-cAra tAMbe kI kIleM pahale baila ke aura bAda meM dhAtu ke banane lge| rakhI jAtI haiM, jinameM do urdhvamukhI tathA do prAcIna yahUdI graMthoM meM bakarI athavA meMr3he ke sIMga adhomukhI hotI haiN| ina kIloM meM do-do tAMteM bAMdhI ke prayoga kA varNana milatA hai| inake sIMga ko jAtI haiN| inake donoM mukha huDukkA kI bhAMti camar3e bhAMpa meM garma karake banAyA jAtA thA tAki yaha se maDhe jAte haiN| isakA bAraha aMgula kI zalAkA komala ho jAye tathA isakI bhItarI majjA nikala lekara dAhine hAtha se vAdana kiyA jAtA hai| bAyeM jAye aura sIMga mur3a jaaye| navavarSa ke avasara para hAtha meM hAthI dAMta kA eka Tukar3A, jo javA kI maMdiroM meM bajAyA jAne vAlA sIMga bakarI kA hotA bhAMti hotA hai, lekara tAMtoM ko bajAyA jAtA hai| thA, jisakA nala sone se mar3hA jAtA thaa| upavAsa isameM huDukkA ke hI pATAkSara hote haiN| ke dinoM meM bajane vAle sIMga meMr3he, gola aura cAMdI saMgIta graMthoM meM isake nirmANa evaM vAdana vidhi ke se mar3he nala vAle hote the| anusAra ise tat aura avanaddha donoM vAdyoM kA rUpa AdivAsI jIvana vyavahAra meM zRMga zabda kA pracura mAnA hai| prayoga huA hai| udAharaNArtha bhIla ise sIMga kahate loka bhASA meM yaha saduya, DakkA, DaMkA ke nAma se haiN| madhyapradeza ke mar3iyA ise kohuka kahate haiN| jAnA jAtA hai| uttara-pUrva ke AdivAsI kSetra meM 'agAmI' aura lhoTA nAgAoM dvArA bhaiMsoM ke sIMga kA prayoga hotA hai jise aMzAmI-relikI kahate haiN| vaha AdhA siMga (zRMga) rAja. 77 mITara lambA hotA hai aura nala yA mAutha pIsa kI zRMga, siMgi, kohuka (ma. pra.), siiNg| taraha kAma Ane ke lie usameM bAMsa kI eka choTI AkAra-gola, lambe, vibhinna AkAra ke| sI nalI lagI hotI hai| saMthAloM ke pAsa 'sAkanA'

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jaina Agama vAdya koza 43 dasA. 10/17, aupa. 67, jambU. 3/209 haDakkA , huDuka, huDUka (u. pra.) hurukkA , Deru, DaDakkI / hai jo bhaisoM kA sIMga hai| isa pazu tathA hiraNa ke sIMgoM kA prayoga uttara pradeza meM kiyA jAtA hai| pahale ko ghisAna aura dUsare ko siMgI kahate haiN| Adhunika yuga meM zRMga prAyaH hiraNa athavA bArahasiMgA ke sIMga se banate haiN| pItala ke bhI zRMga banAye jAte haiN| hiraNa ke sIMga kI banI huI siMgI prAyaH jogI bajAte dekhe jAte haiN| dhAtu ke bane hue zRMga kA vAdana rAjasthAna, nepAla tathA dakSiNa meM aba bhI hotA dikhAI par3atA hai| susumAriyA (zizumArikA) rAja. 77 zizumArikA vivaraNa-yaha eka prAcIna ghana-vAdya thA, jisake PG.43 AkAra-prakAra ke bAre meM koI varNana prApta nahIM AkAra-Damaru se bdd'aa| hotA hai| vivaraNa-yaha do mukhA avanaddha vAdya 16 aMgula vimarza-rAja. 77 ke atirikta prastuta zabda kA laMbA tathA bIca meM se kucha patalA hotA hai| isake ullekha vAdya ke artha meM vedoM evaM saMgIta graMthoM meM mukha kA vyAsa ATha-ATha aMgula hotA hai| jhillI prApta nahIM hotA hai| Aine-e-akabarI meM vicitrA sAdI hotI hai aura lagabhaga Damaru jaise AkAra para vINA ko vAdyoM kA zumAra kahA hai, jo ki tata mar3hI jAtI hai| isameM kucha cheda karake DoriyAM kasI vAdya ke antargata AtA hai| lekina zizumAra jAtI haiN| DorI ke aMta meM eka anya DorI hotI TakarAkara bajAe jAnevAlA ghanavAdya thaa| hai| isI ko pakar3akara yaha vAdya bajAyA jAtA hai| svara kI UMcAI-nIcAI ke lie huDukka kI sughosa (sughoSa) rAja. 77, jI. 3/78, jaMbU. rassiyoM ko DhIlA aura kar3A kiyA jAtA hai| 5/22 alaga-alaga kSetroM meM ise huDukkA, huDUka, sughoSa hurukkA, Deru, DaDukkI Adi ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| uttara bhArata meM kahAra jAti ke logoM AkAra-ghar3iyAla sdRsh| dvArA isakA prayoga kiyA dekhA jAtA hai| vivaraNa-jaina vyAkhyAkAroM ne ise prathama devaloka meM (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-saMgIta pArijAta) prApta hone vAlA indra kA ghaMTA kahA hai, jise indra ke Adeza se aneka kAryoM ke lie prayukta kiyA jAtA hai| huDukkI (huDukka) rAja. 77 huDukkI huDukka (huDukka) rAja. 13, pajjo. 75,64, AkAra-huDukkA se chottaa| Jan Education International For Private & Personal use only .

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jaina Agama vAdya koza vivaraNa-yaha vAdya haDukkA kI hI eka prajAti hai, vivaraNa-isa vAdya kA AkAra DhakkA se kAphI jisakA AkAra hur3akkA se choTA hotA hai| bar3A hotA hai, jisakI dhvani bhI tIvra aura gaMbhIra (vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya har3akkA) hotI hai| vimarza-jainAgamoM ke atirikta saMgIta graMthoM meM horaMbha nAmaka vAdya kA ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai| horaMbha (horambha) rAja. 77, jIvA. 3/588, rAja. TI. pa. 40-50 meM horaMbha ko mahADhakkA kA jambU. 3/0, paryAya mAnA hai| horaMbha, mahADhakkA (vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-bhaMbhA) AkAra-sAmAnyataH DhakkA se bdd'aa|

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pariziSTa

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pariziSTa-1 akAra Adi anukrama se prAkRta zabda evaM hindI artha ADambara nagAr3A, nakkArA kukkayayaM 8 tuMbavINA, khuMkhuNaka, AmoTa, Amota 1 AmoTa, maMjIrA, maMjIra, rabAba majIrA kukkayaya 9 jhunajhunA, jhuMjhanI, AliMga AliGga / khulakhulA, khuMkhunA, kaMsatAla kAMsyatAla gilakI kacchabhI kacchapI vINA kutuba kuttuMbaka 9 kustumba, gopucchA, kacchabhI kacchapI yavAkRti kacchabhI kacchapI sitAra, kuMtuMbara kustuMbara, tumbakanArI, sarasvatI vINA ghumaTa kaDaMba, karaMba 4 gaMjIrA,khaMjIrA, kaMjIrA, kharamuhI kharamukhI, kAhalA, kaDaMba, dimar3I bhUpAr3o kaNaka kaNaka, tavila, harItikI gomuhI gomukhI, narasighA, raNakaNita pAvA, vaza-pAvA, siMghA, bAMkayA, vAragu, kvaNitA bAMke karar3a karaTA, karaTa, karaTI gohiyA godhA, godhikA, karaTi, karar3I 6 karaTA, karaTa, karaTI gArasiyA, kI lejima karadhANa kamrA, kamrikA, kamrATa, ghaMTA ghaNTA karadhAna, kASThatAla ghaMTiyA ghargharikA, ghaMTikA, kSudrakalatAla karatAla, khar3atAla, kaThatAla, rAma gir3agir3I, ghaMTA, dhuMgharu gir3agir3I cittavINA saptataMtrI vINA, citrA kalasiyA kalaza, paMcamukha vAdya, vINA, rabAba trimukha vAdya chabbhAmarI SaDbhrAmarI, memerAjana, kiNiya, kiNita 7 Dhola, Dhaka vakSa vINA kirikiriya kirikiriya, kirikiTTaka, jhaMjhA zukti vAdya jhallari jhallarI, bhANa, cakrakuMbhA kuMbha, ghar3A, maTakI, vAdya, karacakra kalaza jhallari jhAlara, jhAlara, jayaghaMTA jhAMjha

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48 jaina Agama vAdya koza jhoDaya Damaruha DiMDima DhaMkuNa mMMC NaMdissarA taMtI tala tAla tuMbavINA tuDiya jhoDaya, ekataMtrI vINA, ghoSa vINA, ghoSavatI vINA, brAhmI vINA, ghoSaka viinnaa| Damaru, budabudake, kuDukuDuppe, nagAcaMga DiNDimA, tabula DhaMkuNa, gopIyaMtra, gopIjaMtra naMdIsvara jaMtravINA, tritaMtrIvINA, yaMtravINA, taMtravINA, sitAra, tambUrA tala, tAlI, jAlrA 17 tAla, tAlI, TAr3a 17 tambUrA, tAnapUrA 18 turuturI, tittarI, tuNDakinI, turahI, turya, tAturI, kombu, kahala, tutarI tuNa, tunatunA, tuNa-tuNa, tuNa-tuNe tuilA. tUNaka 20 dardura, dardara, dardaraka 20 dardarikA, laghudardaraka 20 duMdubhi 21 naMdI, upaMga, AnaMda laharI, khaMgama, apaMga naMdighosa naMdImRdaMga nakula, nakulI, nakulA nAlI, nAdI naGa, nar3ha, nAlI paTaha, Dholaka paNava,vINA,pallava vINA paNava paNava, bar3e AkAra kA huDuka paripari paripari parilI parilI, phiphalI, phirilI, phililI parivAyaNI parivAdinI, saptataMtrI vINA pavvaga, paccaga 25 parvaka, mukhavINA, choTA nAgasara pavvIsaga pravisaka, pinAkI vINA, pinAka, suravitAna, penA, pennAvINA piripiriyA 26 muralI, mAragI muralI, piripiri pirilI, piralI 26 piralI, puMgI, jijIvI, tumbI, bIna, nAgasara, mahuvari, mahudi, pIpiharI __ peyA, mahatI kAhalA poyA mahatI kAhalA baddhaka tArapA, ghoMghA, khoMgADA, Dobaru, baddhaka baddhIsaga baddhIsaka, buAMga, dhanuSAkAra vAdya ballakI ballakI, sAmAnya vINA, ekatArA bhaMbhA bhambhA, DhakkA, DhaMkA bhAmarI bhrAmarI vINA, rudravINA, zivavINA, taMjorI vINA bherI bherI makariya makara, paTTavAdya, zrIparNI maDya mAdala, maDDalam maddala mardala mahati, mahatI mahatI vINA, mahAvINA, nAradavINA, mattakokilA vINA, vana vINA peyA tUNa tUNaka dadaraga daddarigA duMdubhi, duMduhi naMdI my naMdighosA naMdImuiMga nakula nAlI nAlI my my my POPM M0 my paDaha paNava

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jaina Agama vAdya koza 0 mahAbherI muiMga muguMda, maguMda vicittavINA vipaMci 0 34 vINA veNu muraya, murava ragasigA veNa palAsiya 39 riMgisiyA vicitravINA vipaJcI, nau taMtrIya vINA vINA veNu mUrsiMga, bhUcaMga, mukhacaMga, veNu palAsiya, mora-caMga pepA, vevA zaMkha zrImaMDala, ghaMTIbAjA, yunalo, thAlI taraMga, sunAlI saduya, DakkA, DaMkA zRMga, siMgi, kohuka. 40 rigisigI mahAbherI mRdaMga, pakhAvaja zrI khola, khola, mukunda, makaMda muraja, murasu, murava ragasigA, raNasigA, raNasiMga vakrI, raNasiMga riMGgasikA, gharSaNa vAdya, rigAbraiyA rigisigI, rAponi, gharSaNa vAdya lattiya, brahmatAlama, kAMsya vAdya vaMzI, bAsurI alagojA, vaccaka, bIna baddhIsaka, buAMga, dhanuSAkAra vAdya zreSTha muraja vallakI Ar3I vaMzI, vAlI kaTolA, sUpa vAdya, vAlikA vevA saMkha saNAliyaTa lattiya vaMsa 42 saduya siMga vaccaga vaddhIsaga 36 37 sIMga suMsumAriyA sughoSa 37 huDukka 43 varamuraya vallaki vAlI vAliyA zizumArikA sughoSa huDukkA , huDuka, huDUka, hurukkA, Deru, DaDukkI huDukkI horaMbha, mahADhakkA 37 3 huDukkI horaMbha

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tata vAdya - jo vAdya taMtrI yukta hote hai, use tata vAdya ke antargata liyA gayA hai| kacchabhI kacchabhI kukka cittavINA chabbhAmarI jhoDa DhaMkuNa taMtI tuMbavaNA tUNa tUNaka naMdi naMdighosA nakula paNava parivAyaNI pavvIsaga baddhIsaga ballakI bhAmarI mahati, mahatI vRddhIsaga vallaki vicitravINA vipaMci vINA pariziSTa-2 vivata vAdya - jo vAdya carmAvanaddha hote haiM, use vitata vAdya ke aMtargata liyA gayA hai| ADambara AliMga kaDaMba, karaMba kaNaka karaGa karaTi kalAsiyA kiNiyA, kiNita kutuMba, kuttuMbaka kutuMbara jhallari DamarUha DiMDima daddaraga daddaragA duMdubhi, dui dighoSa naMdImuiMga paDaha paNava bhaMbhA bherI maDDaya maddala mahAbherI muiMga

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jaina Agama vAdya koza mukuMda, masuMda muraya, murava varamuraya saduya huDuka huDukkI horaMbha ghana vAdya - paraspara TakarAkara athavA gharSaNa ke dvArA jina vAdyoM ko bajAyA jAtA hai use ghana vAdya ke aMtargata liyA gayA hai| AmoTa, Amota kaMsatAla kacchabhI karadhAna kalatAla, karatAla kirikiriya kukkayayaM, kuMbhA gohiyA ghaMTA ghaMTiyA jhaMjhA jhallari NaMdissarA tala tAla naMdighosA makariya riMgisiyA rigisigI lattiya vAliyA palAsiya saNAliya sumArA gho suSira vAdya - phUMka se athavA havA se bajAe jAne vAle vAdya ko suSira vAdya ke aMtargata liyA gayA hai / kaNika kharamuhI gohI tuDiya naMdighosA nAlI nAlI paripari parilI pavvaga, paccaga piripiriyA pirilI, piralI peyA baddhaka ragasigA vaMsa vaccaga vAlI veNu veNu palAsiya vevA saMkha siMga 51

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pariziSTa-3 saMdarbha graMtha sUcI 1. anuyogadvAra sUtra DivIjana, gavarnameMTa oNpha iMDiyA) vAcanA pramukha gaNAdhipati tulasI esa. kRSNAsvAmI saMpAdaka-AcArya mahAprajJa 10. uvAsagadasAo prakAzaka jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM saMpAdaka-muni nathamala (AcArya mahAprajJa) 2. anuyogadvAra maladhArIyA TIkA prakAzaka-jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 1974 zrI kezara bAI jJAna maMdira 11. aupapAtika pATaNa, sana- 1939 saMpAdaka-muni nathamala (AcArya mahAprajJa) 3. anuyogadvAra hAribhadrIyA TIkA prakAzaka-jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 1974 seTha devacaMda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra 12. aupapAtika TIkA bambaI, saMvat-1973 paMDita dayAvimalajI graMthamAlA, dvitIya saMskaraNa, saM. 1994 4. abhidhAna cintAmaNi koza 13. kannar3a hindI zabda koza lekhaka-kalikAla sarvajJa zrImada hemacandrAcArya saMpAdaka-DaoN. ena. esa. dakSiNAmUrti anuvAdaka-saMpAdaka-vijaya kastUra sUri hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga prakAzaka-jasavaMta giradharalAla zAha prathama saMskaraNa-1971 ahamadAbAda, vi. saM. 2013 14. jaMbUdvIpa prajJapti 5. abhinava bhAratI-abhinava guptAcArya saMpAdaka-muni nathamala (AcArya mahAprajJa) 6. alpa paricita zabda koza prakAzaka-jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 1974 saMpAdaka-AcArsa AnaMda sAgara sUri, 15. jaMbUdvIpa prajJapti TIkA devacaMda lAlabhAI jaina pustakodvAra nagInabhAI chelAbhAI jhaverI, bambaI, sUrata, prathama saMskaraNa-1974 san 1920 7. AcAra cUlA 16. nAyAdhammakahAo saMpAdaka-(muni nathamala) AcArya mahAprajJa vAcanA pramukha-AcAryazrI tulasI prakAzaka-jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM saMpAdaka-yuvAcArya mahAprajJa 8. iMgliza pAlI DikzanarI prakAzaka-jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM pIbI motIlAla banArasI dAsa, dillI 17. jJAtAdharmakathA TIkA 9. iMDiyana myUjika-zAhindA zrI siddhacakra sAhitya pracAraka samiti, iMDiyana myUjikala iMsTrameMTsa (pablikezana sUrata, san 1952

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jaina Agama vAdya koza 53 18. jIvAjIvAbhigama saMpAdaka-muni nathamala (AcArya mahAprajJa) prakAzaka-jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM prathama saMskaraNa-1974 19. jIvAjIvAbhigama TIkA devacaMda lAlabhAI jaina pustakodvAra saM. 1995 20. ThANaM saMpAdaka-mani nathamala (AcArya mahAprajJa) prakAzaka-jaina vizva bhAratI, la prathama sNskrnn-1974| 21. nAlaMdA bRhad hindI koza 22. di myUjika oNpha iMDiyA-atiyA begama 23. di myUjika oNpha iMDiyA-bhopale 24. di myUjikala insTrUmeMTsa-sI. Ara. De 25. pAiasaddamahaNNao saMpAdaka-hara govinda dAsa prakAza-prAkRta TesTa sosAyaTI banArasa-1963 26. paurANika saMdarbha koza-DaoN. ena. pI. 27. prajJApanA vAcanA pramukha-AcAryazrI tulasI saMpAdaka muni nathamala (AcArya mahAprajJa) prakAzaka-jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 28. prazna vyAkaraNa vAcanAkAra-AcAryazrI tulasI saMpAdaka-yuvAcArya mahAprajJa prakAzaka-jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 29. prajJApanA TIkA Agamodaya samiti bambaI-1918 30. praznavyAkaraNa TIkA-Agamodaya samiti bambaI-1919 31. prAkRta hindI koza DaoN. ke. Ara. caMdrA prakAzaka-prAkRta jaina vidyA vikAsa phaMDa ahamadAbAda-15 32. bRhaddezI-mataMga (jIvanakAla-5vIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa) 33. bhagavaI vAcanA pramukha-AcAryazrI tulasI saMpAdaka-yuvAcArya mahAprajJa prakAzaka-jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 34. bharata kA saMgIta siddhAMta DaoN. kailAzacaMdra deva bRhaspati 35. bharata koSa-pro. rAmakRSNa kavi 36. bharata nATyazAstra-bharata muni (jIvanakAla-IsA se 200 varSa pUrva) 37. bharata nATya zAstra (aMgrejI anuvAda) ___ -zrI manamohana ghoSa 38. bharata bhASya-nAnyadeva 39. bhAratIya saMgIta kA itihAsa-umeza jozI 40. bhAratIya saMgIta-pro. kRSNarAva gaNeza mUle 41. bhAratIya saMgIta vAdya DaoN. lAla mizra maNi prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha bI.-45-47, kanATa plesa, naI dillI 42. bhAratIya saMgIta meM vAdyavRnda DaoN. kavitA cakravartI prakAzaka-rAjasthAnI graMthAgAra sojatI geTa ke bAhara, jodhapura 43. bhAratIya vAdya-bI. sI. deva sTeTa borDa phaoNra liTarecara eMDa kalcara bambaI 44. bhAratIya vAdya galu-ema. e. puraMdara karnATaka yunivarsiTI kannar3a 45. bhAratIya vAdya kA itihAsa jI. eca. tArAlekara mahArASTra yUni. buka proDakzana borDa-meraTha 46. mahAbhArata 4, gItA presa gorakhapura saMpAdaka nArAyaNa rAma AcArya san 1946

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54 47. myUjikala iMsTrUmeMTsa oNpha di varlDa kArla iMgela, Ara. ena. prinTarsa, jayapura 48. myUjikala iMsTrUmeMTsa oNpha iMDiyA bI. sI. deva deara hisTrI eMDa evolyUzana 49. myUjikala iMsTrUmeMTsa ina skalpacara jI. eca. tArAlekara, ema. tArAlekara 50. mANaka hindI koza 51. rAja praznIya vAcanA pramukha - AcAryazrI tulasI saMpAdaka - yuvAcArya mahAprajJa prakAzaka- jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 52. rAjapraznIya TIkA gUrjara grantharatna kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda, vi. saM. 1974 53. rAjasthAnI zabda koza saMpAdaka - DaoN. sItArAma lAlasa caupAsanI zikSA samiti, jodhapura 54. rAjasthAnI saMgIta aura saMgItakAra pratApa siMha caudharI jayapura priNTarsa prAiveTa limiTeDa, ema. AI roDa, jayapura 55. rAjasthAna kA loka saMgIta - zanno khurAnA siddhArtha pablikezansa, naI dillI 56. rAjataraMgiNI-kalhANa 57. yaMtra koSa- ema. esa. Taigora 58. yaMtra kSetra dIpikA- sara saurendra mohana ThAkura (jIva. 1882) 59. vAdya yaMtra - bI. caitanya deva anuvAdaka - alakA pAThaka prakAzaka nezanala buka TrasTa iMDiyA e-5, grIna pArka, naI dillI 60. vAdya prakAza-vidyA vilAsI paMDita (jIvanakAla - 1780) 61. vaidika inDeksa 62. vipAkazruta- aMgasutANi, bhAga-3 prakAzaka - jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM prathama saMskaraNa- 1974 jaina Agama vAdya koza 63. vipAkazruta TIkA Agamodaya samiti - baMbaI - 1920 64. zrImadbhagavatagItA 65. saMgIta ratnAkara sAraMgadeva (jIvanakAla - 13vIM zatAbdI) 66. saMgIta cUr3AmaNi- jagadeka malla 67. saMgIta kamaranda-nArada ( jIvanakAla - IsA kI prathama zatAbdI) 68. saMgIta rAja - kumbhakarNa 69. saMgIta pArijAta-ahobala (jIvanakAla - 17vIM zatAbdI) 70. saMgIta - samayasAra, pArzvadeva 71. saMgIta sudhA-raghunAtha 72. saMgIta darpaNa - dAmodara paMDita 73. saMgIta sAra - tAnasena 74. saMgIta zAstra - ke. vAsudeva zAstrI 75. saMgItopaniSatsAroddhAra- sudhA kalaza 76. samavAyAMga sUtra vAcanA pramukha - AcAryazrI tulasI saMpAdaka - yuvAcArya mahAprajJa prakAzaka - jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 77. zabdakalpadruma 78. rAja praznIya vAcanA pramukha - AcAryazrI tulasI saMpAdaka - yuvAcArya mahAprajJa - prakAzaka- jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 79. sUrya prajJapti vAcanA pramukha - AcAryazrI tulasI saMpAdaka - yuvAcArya mahAprajJa prakAzaka - jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 80. hariyANavI zabda koza 81. hinda zabda sAgara 82. hiraNyakezI sUtra

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bara sel ktrii| pl EE >> tiI lAina jjaa bhijaa gudhudii bhej (je.)