Jaganmohanlal Pandita Sadhuwad Granth

Author(s): Sudarshanlal Jain
Publisher: Jaganmohanlal Shastri Sadhuwad Samiti Jabalpur
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/012026/1

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114 paMDita jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha jaina vidyAyeM : vividha vidhAyeM paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda samiti

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paM. jaganmohana lAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha jaina vidyAyeM : vividha vidhAyeM saMpAdaka maMDala DA. vilAsa e0 saMgave, kolhApura DA0 (sau0) nIlAMjanA zAha, ahamadAbAda DA0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara, nAgapura DA. harIndrabhUSaNa jaina, ujjaina paM0 jamanA prasAda zAstrI, kaTanI DA0 naMdalAla jaina, rIvA prabaMdha saMpAdaka DA0 sudarzanalAla jaina, kAzI paM0 jaganmohana lAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda samiti ___kuMDalapura-jabalapura-rIvA jaina kendra, rIvA, ma0pra0 486 001 1989

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prakAzaka paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda samiti kuMDalapura, jabalapura evaM rIvA, ma0pra0 sahayogI saMsthAyeM di0 jaina siddhakSetra, kuMDalapura, damoha / zrI mahAbIra di. jaina pArimArthika saMsthA, satanA di. jaina atizaya kSetra, papaurA di0 jaina atizaya kSetra, khajurAho di0 jaina paravAra sabhA, jabalapura jaina TrasTa evaM jaina kendra, rovA prakAzana varSa / 1989 mUlya: 201-00 tArA priMTiMga varsa vArANasI (bhArata)

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Pt. JAGANMOHANLAL SHASTRI SADHUVAD GRANTHA JAIN VIDYAYEN : VIVIDH VIDHAYEN (JAINOLOGY : MANIFOLD FACETS) Editorial Board Dr. VILAS A. SANGWAY, KOLHAPUR Dr. (Mrs.) NEELANJANA SHAH, AHAMADABAD Dr. VIDYADHAR JOHRAPURKAR, NAGPUR Dr. HARINDRA BHUSHAN JAIN, UJJAIN Pt. JAMNA PRASAD SHASTRI, KATNI Dr. NAND LAL JAIN, REWA Managing Editor Dr. SUDARSHAN LAL JAIN, KASHI Pt. JAGANMOHANLAL SHASTRI SADHUVAD SAMITI Kundalpur-Jabalpur-Rewa Jain Kendra, Rewa 486001, (M. P.) 1989

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Publisher Pt. JAGANMOHANLAL SHASTRI SADHUVAD SAMITI Kundalpur, Jabalpur, Rewa, M. P. Associated Institutions Digamber Jain Siddhakshetra, Kundalpur, Damoh Shree Mahavir Digamber Jain Parmarthik Sanstha, Satna Digamber Jain Atishaya Kshetra, Papaura Digamber Jain Atishaya Kshetra, Khajuraho Digamber Jain Parwar Sabha, Jabalpur Jain Trust and Jain Kendra, Rewa Publication Year: 1989 Price: Rs. 2017 Printers Tara Printing Works Varenasi

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kuNDalapura ke bar3e bAbA jinake sumaraNa se china bhara meM, kaTa jAte karmoM ke dAvA, hamako bhava-sAgara pAra kareM de sanmati, vIra, bar3e baabaa| chAyAkAra-nIraja jaina

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prabandha samiti saMrakSaka maMDala zrI cArukItijI svAmI bhaTTAraka, mUDavidrI sAhU azoka kumAra jaina, dillI 050 mANikacaMdra jI cavare, kAraMjA zrI ratana lAla gaMgavAla, dillI samAjaratna sAha zreyAMsaprasAda jI. bambaI zrI niraMjana lAla jI bainADA, AgarA zrI dIpacaMda esa0 gArDI, uSAkiraNa, bambaI zrI jJAnacaMdra jI khidukA, jayapura zrI vIrendra hegar3e, dharmasthala zrI lAlacaMdra hIrAcaMdra dozI, bambaI zrI DAlacaMda jaina, sAgara zrI dhanya kumAra siMghaI, kaTanI adhyakSa dAdA nemIcaMdra jaina, jabalapura kAryAdhyakSa zrI bI0 ela0 jaina, bhAratIya vanasevA, ma0pra0 upAdhyakSa maMDala zrImaMta seTha riSabhakumAra khuraI zrI dharmacaMdra sarAvagI, kalakattA zrI vijayakumAra malaiyA, damoha zrI javAharalAla, bambaI zrI mulAyamacaMdra jaina, esa0 I0, khaMDavA zrI devendra siMghaI, AI0 e0 esa0 zrI vhI0 ke0 gA~dhI, I0 I0, satanA zrI vimala rAjA, jabalapura zrI DI0 ke 0 jaina, eDIje0, rIvA zrI rAjendra Ara. vhI., jabalapura seTha sumatacaMdra devendrakumAra jaina, kaTanI zrI subhASacaMdra jaina, kaTanI zrImatI caMdradevI motIlAla, sAgara zrI prakAzacandra jaina, satanA adhyakSa, Ayojana samiti saciva zrI prakAza siMghaI, eDavokeTa evaM noTarI, damoha pracAra saciva nirmala AjAda, jabalapura samanvayaka nandalAla jaina, jaina kendra, rIvA

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svAgatAdhyakSa zrI tArAghadra siMghaI, adhyakSa, kuMDalapura kSetra kameTI kailAzacandra jaina, adhyakSa, di0 jaina pAramArthika saMsthA, satanA svAgata maMtrI zrI hukamacaMdra jaina, netAjI, satanA sadasyagaNa zrI dazaratha jaina, khajurAho zrI vimala kumAra sorayA zrI go0 khazAlacaMdra, kAzI zrI DaoN. dharmacaMdra jaina, sivanI DaoN0 ke0 ela0 jaina, zahaDola zrI dayAcaMdra caMcala, papaurA maMtrI, jana zikSA saMsthA, kaTanI zrI khemacaMdra sarApha, kuMDalapura DaoN0 aravinda jaina, lalitapura zrI tArAcaMdra bAjhala, pathariyA zrI sundaralAla kavi, paTerA zrI TIkamacaMdra siMghaI, damoha zrI tozacaMdra modI, sAgara zrI surendra kumAra nAyaka zrI rUpacaMdra nAyaka, damoha zrI premacaMdra goyala zrI prakAza siMghaI, nainadharA zrI mahatAba siMha jaina, dillI zrI nirmala kumAra bajAja, damoha

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paMDita jaganmohana lAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda samAroha vidvat samiti 1. zrI bhaTTAraka cArukIrti jI, zravaNa belagolA 32. ,, ke0 sI0 jaina, sAgara vizva vidyAlaya 2. zrI bhaTTAraka cArukIrti jI, mUDabiDI 33. ,, vidyAdhara joharApurakara 3. munizrI samadarzI jI 34. paM0 dhanyakumAra maure 4. zrI jauharImala pArakha, jodhapura 35. paM0 mANaka caMdra jI cavare 5. svAmI satyabhakta jI, vardhA 36. DA. jagadIzacaMdra jaina 6. zrI ema0 ela0 jaina, kulapati, sAgara vizvavidyAlaya 37. ,, nIlAMjanAzAha 7. paM0 phUlacaMdra zAstrI, hastinApura 38. paM0 mallinAtha zAstrI 8. paM0 hIrAlAla kauzala 39. DA0 pI0 anaMta nArAyaNa 9. DA0 sudarzana lAla jaina 40. , vhI0 e0 saMgave 10. ., gokulacaMdra jaina 41. , karuNA jaina 11. , kapUracaMdra khataulI 42. zrI vhI0 ke0 gAMdhI, DUMgarapura 12. ,, jayakumAra jaina 43. naMdalAla jaina 13. , supArzva kumAra jaina, baDauta 44. zrI khuzAlacandra gorAvAlA 14. , jinendra kumAra jaina, sAsanI 45. DA0 bAbUlAla jaina, azoka nagara 15. , kundana lAla jaina 46. DA0 ke0 sI0 jaina, rIvA 47. zrI kamala kumAra jaina, chatarapura 16. , satyaprakAza jaina 48. paM0 pannAlAla kAvyatIrtha, kalakattA 17. ,, harIndra bhUSaNa jaina (sva0) 18. ,, Ara0 sI0 jaina, ujjaina 49. kastUracandra kAzalIvAla, jayapura 19. paM0 jamunA prasAda zAstrI 50. zrI vimala kumAra sorayA, TIkamagaDha 51. DA0 araviMda siMghaI, lalitapura 20. , dayAcaMdra zAstrI, ujjaina 21. DA0 subhASa koThArI 52. , rameza jaina, vijanaura 22. , narendra bhANAvata 53. nirmala AjAda, jabalapura 23. , saMjIva bhANAvata 54. bhUramala jaina, jabalapura ., mahendra sAgara pracaMDiyA 55. zrI pI0 sI0 jaina, CA vilAsapura 25. , Aditya pracaMDiyA 56. , ela0 ema0 jaina, DepuTI mainejara, ilAhAbAda 1. ,, kaMchedI lAla jaina 57. , motI lAla jaina, DAlamiyA nagara 27. ,, kezarImala baidya 58. paM0 govindarAya jaina, jhUmarItilaiyA 28. ,, gulAbacaMdra darzanAcArya 59. , satyaMdhara kumAra seThI, ujjaina 29. ,, padmacaMdra jI zAstrI 60. DA0 viSNukAnta zukla, sahAranapura 30. paM0 nAthUlAla zAstrI 61. , ema0 ema0 jozI, ilahAbAda vizvavidyAlaya 31. bra. kalyANadAsa jI, bahorIbaMda 62. zrI DA0 ema0 e DAkI, kAzI

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( iv ) 63. DA0 sAgaramala jaina, vArANasI 64. zrI sumati prakAza jaina, dillI 65. DA0 narendra prakAza jaina, phIrojAbAda 66. zrI ratana lAla kaTAriyA, kekar3I 67. , DA0 dharmacandra jaina, sivanI 68. DA0 sureza jaina, lakhanAdauna 69. ,, mahendra rAjA, dillI 70. , rAjakumAra jaina, dillI 71. , urmilA jaina, dillI 72. zrI saubhAgyamala jaina, zAjApura 73. ,, paMcamalAla jaina, amalAI 74. , esa0 ke0 jaina 75. , zIla candra jaina 76. , DI0 ke0 jaina, ati nyA0 77. DA0 DI0 sI0 jaina, nyUyArka 78. , pI0 esa0 jainI, kailiphorniyA 79. zrI kastUracaMdra satabhaiyA, rAyapura 80. DA0 sureza jaina, rAyapura 81. zrI Adarza jaina, jaja, aMbAha 82. mumukSu zAntA bahana, lADanUM 83. DA0 vAgIza zAstrI, kAzI 84. , sureza jaina, syAdvAda vidyAlaya 85. paM0 sumaticaMdra zAstrI, morenA 86. DA0 jI0 sI0 jaina, lakhanaU 87. , pI0 sI0 jaina, lakhanaU 88. , jyoti prasAda jaina, lakhanaU 89. , lAlacaMdra jaina, vaizAlI 90. , e0 ke0 jaina, aMkalezvara 91. ,, tArAcaMdra bakhzI, jayapura 92. zrI ela0 sI0 jaina, jabalapura 93. DA0 anupama jaina, vyAvarA 94. , cetana prakAza pATanI, jodhapura 95. ,, bhAgacaMdra bhAskara, nAgapura 96. zrI esa0 sI0 jaina, rIvA 97. DA0 esa0 sI0 laharI 98. zrI mahendra kumAra mAnava 99. zrI ratana pahAr3I, kAmaTI 100. DA0 sudarzana lAla jaina, kAzI 101. zrI motI lAla jaina, sAgara

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paNDita jaganmohanalAla jI zAstrI, kuMDalapura, 1990

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samitIya bhAratIya saMskRti meM viziSTa koTi ke mahApuruSoM kI prazasti, gAthA, stuti kI paraMparA vaidika yuga se lekara puSpadata-bhUtabali yuga, hemacaMdra yuga evaM Adhunika yuga taka avirata rUpa se pravAhita hai| isake aMtargata zUravIra, dAnavIra, rAjavIra, evaM tapovIroM kI gAthAoM se jana-jana bhalIbhA~ti paricita hai| isa paraMparA meM vidyAvIroM kI prazasti kA samAharaNa bhI svAbhAvika hai| yaha prakriyA vyaktigata jIvana ke liye preraNA, dhArmika evaM sAMskRtika vicAra evaM pariveza kI parirakSA, jIvantatA tathA vartamAna evaM bhaviSya ke UrdhvamukhI vikAsa kI dizA ke prati jAgarUkatA pradAna karatI hai| isakI upayogitA ke prati praznacihna atIta ke prati anAdara tathA vartamAna evaM bhaviSya ke prati upekSA kA pratIka hai| jaina saMskRti bhI isa prakriyA se anAplAvita kaise raha sakatI hai ? bIsavIM sadI ke dhArmika evaM sAMskRtika kSaraNa ke yuga meM isa yA isake samakakSa prakriyA kA avirata rahanA anivArya hai| isIliye pichale pacAsa varSoM meM isakI gati na kevala teja hI huI hai apitu isake uddezya va svarUpa meM vividhatA bhI AI hai| vAgIza zAstrI ke anusAra, pahale yaha prakriyA mAtra vyakti-pradhAna thI, yaha mAtra puSpamAlA 'patra-puSpa', evaM mAnapatroM meM sImita thii| aba yaha sAdhuvAdita ke mAdhyama se sthAyI, zodhonmukha, jJAna vardhaka, vicAra preraka saMdarbhasAhitya kI prastuti ke rUpa meM vikasita ho cukI hai| isa prastuti ke kama-se-kama cAra rUpa hamAre sAmane Aye haiM / inameM ( 1 ) vyaktigata jIvana ke vividha AyAma, (2) vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, ( 3 ) vyaktitva, kRtitva evaM dharma-saMskRti ke vividha AyAmoM kA paraMparAgata yA zodhagata paricaya, tathA ( 4 ) vizeSa viSaya ke zodhapUrNa kSitija samAhita haiN| ina rUpoM meM antima do rUpa navIna pIr3hI ke adhyayanazIla stara evaM zodhaci ko pallavita karate haiM aura vartamAna ko unnata karane kI preraNA dete haiM / ye rUpa bahu-zrama, bahu-samaya evaM bahu-vyaya sAdhya bhI hote haiM / vartamAna meM prathama rUpa to prAyaH adRzya ho gayA hai, para dUsare rUpa kI pracuratA dikha rahI hai| isI prakAra yadyapi cauthe rUpa kI viralatA hI hai, para tIsarA rUpa bhI paryApta pracalana meM hai| hamArA yaha prayatna uparokta upayogI evaM avirata paraMparA ko vibhinna prastutiyoM meM se tIsare rUpa kA pratIka hai| yaha bIsavIM sadI ke nava vidvat-baMdhuoM dvArA paraMparApUta vidyA-guru ke liye sAhityika yajJa kA prakalpa hai| paMDita jaganmohanalAla zAstrI aise vidyAvIra evaM zrAvakavIra haiM jinhoMne na kevala Adhunika vidyAvIroM kA srajana hI kiyA hai, apitu unhoMne apane gahana adhyayana se jaina vidyAoM ke AcAra-vicAra pakSa ko prakAzita bhI kiyA hai| gRhastha raha kara bhI unhoMne gRhatyAgI zrAvakavIratva kA abhyAsa kiyA hai| ve mUlAmnAyI paravAra kulAvataMsa hai| unake samAna virala-vIratA ke sAdhuvAda ke svAbhAvika vicAra kA udaya 1980 meM huA thA, paraMtu aneka nanu-naca ke bAda isako 1986 ke uttarArdha meM hI mUrtarUpa dene kA sakriya prayAsa kiyA jA skaa| isa prayAsa ke ghoSita hote hI aneka prakAra ke jhaMjhAvAta Aye, sahayogI asahayogI bane, upayogitA evaM niSThAyeM saMdigdha koTi meM AI, akRta kRtya kI koTi meM lAye gaye, vyaktigata vicAra sArvajanika vivAda ke viSaya bane / inake gata the, ahaMbhAvI the yA anya, yaha to nahIM kahA jA sakatA, para isase gurutA avazya vikRta kI gaI / hameM aisA lagatA hai ki vaha zAstrIya abhyAsa hI kyA jaba udvelanoM ke samaya hI usakI anukRti vismRta kI jAve / paraMparA ko upekSita bhI kara diyA jAve, to bhI somadeva ke gRhasthoM ke SaTkartavyoM, AzAdhara ke satraha zrAvaka guNoM, hema candra ke paiMtIsa mArgAnusArI guNoM tathA pravacanasAroddhAra ke ikkIsa zrAvaka guNoM ko vismRta

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kara dene kI bAta samajha meM nahIM AI / ye to mUlaguNoM ke bhI mUla guNa haiN| inakA apahAra karane vAle evaM karAne vAle ko zAstrajJa yA AgamajJa kahanA viDaMbanA hI hogii| inameM gurupUjA, guNaguru-yajana, jJAnavRddha-vayovRddha AcAravRddha sammAna, vRddhAnugAmitA evaM kRtajJatA ke guNa kyA anujJAvacanI ho sakate haiM ? hama 'pAsagassa uddesoNatthi evaM 'mAnitAH satataM mAnayanti' kaise bhUla gaye ? yahI zAstrIya AdhAra hamAre vicAra ko prabala banA sakA aura paMDita jI ke 'Apake tarka bar3e prabala rahe' kA AzIrvAda prApta kara skaa| isIliye ve A0 cavare jI ke 'upasarga-sahana' ke mata ke sahabhAgI bhI bana gye| hamane bhI maunI banakara saMvAdI mArga grahaNa kiyaa| isake anurUpa sabhI paristhitiyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara aneka sahayogI saMsthAoM evaM samitiyoM ke mAdhyama se hamane 1987 ke pahale dina se yaha kArya prAraMbha kara hI diyaa| isa hetu bhAI naMdalAla jaina ke anurodha para kuMDalapura kSetra para agasta 1987 meM eka baiThaka Ayojita kii| isameM sAdhuvAda Ayojana kI pUrI dvicaraNI yojanA svIkRta huI evaM ikkIsa sadasyoM kI prabaMdha samiti gaThita kI gii| inake nAma yathAsthAna pada sahita diye gaye haiN| isameM rikta sthAnoM para aneka naye sadasyoM kA manonayana bhI kiyA gyaa| aneka saMsthAoM ke sAtha kuMDalapura kSetra samiti isakI mukhya sahayogI bnii| isa para bhI saiddhAMtika ApattiyAM aaii| paMDita nAthU lAla zAstrI evaM bra. mANika caMda jI cavare ke matoM se inakA nirAkaraNa kiyA gyaa| sAdhuvAda grantha ke saMpAdaka maMDala kA gaThana kiyA gyaa| prAraMbha meM isameM tIna sadasya the, bAda meM ise SaT sadasyI banAyA gyaa| isake variSTha saMpAdaka aMtarrASTrIya khyAti prApta jaina samAjazAstrI DA0 AdinAtha saMgave kolhApura hai| lagabhaga paMdraha mAhoM meM grantha ke liye vibhinna khaMDoM kI sAmagrI prApta ho gyii| usakA saMpAdana kiyA gayA aura use prabaMdha samiti kI maI, 1988 kI baiThaka meM kucha carcAoM ke bAda, pArita karane kA prastAva svIkRta kiyA gyaa| isa baiThaka meM jaina samAja ke mUrdhanya vidvAn ke "paurapATa anvaya-1" lekha ke grantha meM samAharaNa para carcA tIkSNa rahI, usa para sAdhu janoM kA bhI dhyAna gyaa| aisA bhI lagA jaise A0 cavare jI ke anusAra prabaMdha samiti ke mukhya sahayogI saMpAdaka maMDala ke adhikAroM kA atikramaNa kara rahe hoN| hamane isa vyatikrama ko prAyaH eka varSa taka mauna raha kara sahana kiyA aura aMta meM sahayoga-sahayogibhAva kI ciMtA kiye binA aneka prakAra ke sujhAvoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara Avazyaka saMzodhana parivardhana kara graMtha ko mudraNArtha saupa diyA / isa prakriyA meM tathA apane pRSTha-sImA baMdhana ke kAraNa hama aneka vidvAna lekhakoM ke lekhoM kA samAharaNa nahIM kara sake haiN| AzA hai, hamAre sahayogI lekhaka hamArI paristhitiyoM ke samvedI hoMge aura hameM kSamA kareMge / saMbhavataH yaha graMtha maI-jUna 1989 meM mudrita ho jAtA, para DA0 jaina kI do mAha kI dIrgha videza yAtrA evaM usakI taiyArI kI vyastatA ne isa prakriyA ko bhI vilaMbita kara diyA / hameM prasannatA hai ki unhoMne lauTa kara isa kArya ko utsAhapUrvaka liyA aura yaha graMtha Apake samajha hai / mujhe vizvAsa hai ki isakI vividhA Apako rucikara lgegii| prAraMbha meM sAdhuvAda graMtha ke ladhutara AkAra kA anumAna thA, para paristhitiyoM kI jaTilatA ne ise kiMcita vRhat AkAra de diyA hai| kucha RNAtmaka hitaiSiyoM ne isakI sAmagrI kI koTi para rUr3hivaddhatA aura punarAvRtti kI dhAraNA pracArita kI hai| isameM kitanI rUr3hivaddhatA hai, yaha to sudhI pAThaka isake vividha khaMDoM kI viSaya-sUcI ke antargata sAmagrI ke adhyayana se anumAna lagA skeNge| hA~, punarAvRtti kI bAta vicAraNIya hai| sAraNI 1 se yaha patA calatA hai ki koI bhI sAdhuvAda graMtha isa doSa se achUtA nhiiN| phira bhI, isa graMtha meM yaha anya graMthoM kI tulanA meM na kevala alpa hai apitu usakA cayana sAmagrI kI jIvaMta upayogitA tathA graMtha garimA ke anurUpa kiyA gayA hai|

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23 100 - 42 56 0 74 46 0 ( vil ) sAraNI 1 : katipaya sAdhuvAda graMthoM kA vivaraNa graMthanAma prakAzana saMkhyA khaMDa lekha pRSTha pUrva prakAzita pratizata samagra Ayojana varSa pRSTha saMkhyA lekha pRSTha punarAvRtti samaya, varSa saMkhyA 1. varNI abhi0 graMtha 1949 593 523 103 2. choTe lAla smRti graMtha 1967 871 817 12 3. mahAvIra smRti graMtha 1975 308 120 4. paM0 caina sukhadAsa smRti 1976 490 418 5. paM0 su0caM0 divAkara a0 1976 400 324 6. paM0 ke0caM0zA0 a0graM0 1980 600 488 7. bAbUlAla jamAdAra graMtha0 1981 408 57 300 26 8. DA0 darabArI lAla ko0 1982 500 370 9. mAtA iMdumatI abhi-graMtha 1983 532 160 12.5 10. sAtyaM ghara seThI ,, ,, 1983 380 200 100 11. paM0 phUlacaMdra zAstrI graMtha 1985 680 68 506 12. bhavaralAla nAhaTA graMtha 1986 422 56 338 274 13. jIta abhi0 graMtha 1986 694 46 303 14. paM0 lAlabahAdura zAstrI 1986 400 15. A0 dezabhUSaNa graMtha 1987 1700 175 1150 142 16. arcanArcana graMtha 1988 / 1308 17. paM0 jaganmohanalAla zA0 1989 540 da 18. paM0 baMzIdhara vyA0 cA0 1989 19. vidvat abhinaMdana graMtha 1976 20. DA. pannAlAla sA0a0gra0 1989 0 0 50 200 || || h h h h h h h h h m w w s . . 425 hai 25 478 ___73 77 285 / m` ` ` l w ___ isa graMtha kI sAmagrI ko chaH khaMDoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| inake nAma kramazaH (i) paMDita paraMparA aura paMDita jI, (ii) dharma aura darzana: navayuga, (iii) dhyAna aura yoga, (iv) jaina vidyAoM meM vaijJAnika tathyaH samIkSaNa (v) itihAsa aura purAtatva aura (vi) sAhitya hai| kula lekha saMkhyA 83 hai| pratyeka khaMDa kI sAmagrI navIna pariveza evaM bhaviSya kA saMketa detI hai| ise adhikAdhika koTi ke pAThakoM ko rocaka banAne kA saMpAdaka maMDala ne prayAsa kiyA hai| isa viSaya meM unake samIkSApUrNa mata kI hameM jijJAsA rhegii| yaha prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki mudraNa meM truTiyA na hoM, para 'priMTarsa Devila' kaise hamAre prayatna ko saphala hone de sakatA hai ? hamArI asAvadhAnI bhI isameM kAraNa ho sakatI hai| kramavyaktikrama bhI ho sakatA hai / etadartha sudhI pAThaka hameM kSamA kareMge, aisI AzA hai| sAtha hI, yaha bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA Avazyaka hai ki vibhinna lekhoM meM vyakta vicAra lekhakoM ke svayaM ke haiN| unase samiti yA saMpAdaka maMDala sahamata hI ho, aisA nahIM mAnanA cAhiye / jaina saMskRti ne vicAra svAtaMtrya ko sadA prerita kiyA hai|

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( visi ) Ayojana kI prAyojanA ke samaya hI yaha dhAraNA rahI hai ki paMDita jI Akhila bhAratIya vyaktitva hote hue mUlata: viMdhya evaM madhya pradezIya haiN| ata: isa Ayojana kA Arthika pakSa isI kSetra se samRddha kiyA jAve / sAmAnyataH, aise sAhityaka AyojanoM ke liye isa kSetra kA yogadAna nagaNya hI rahA hai| jahA~ vidvat abhinaMdana graMtha jaise graMtha meM madhya pradeza kA Arthika yogadAna zUnyavat hI rahA hai, vahIM paM0 sumerucaMdra divAkara graMtha meM yaha 16% evaM paM0 kailAzacaMdra jI zAstrI ke graMtha hetu yaha 20% rahA / phira bhI, hamArI samiti ko isa bAta kI prasannatA hai ki isa Ayojana hetu hameM 80% se adhika yogadAna isI kSetra se milA hai| bhArata ke anya yogadAna milA hai| hamAre Ayojana ke anumAnita sattara hajAra ru0 ke vyaya ke mukhya mada graMtha prakAzana ( lagabhaga 50,000 == 00 ) aura yAtrA vyaya (prAyaH 10,000=00) rahe haiN| Ayojana saMbaMdhI jaTila sthitiyoM ko dekhate hue aura kArya ko gati dene ke liye baiThakoM evaM patrAcAra ke badale vyaktigata saMpakoM ko hI varIyatA dI gii| yaha AlocanA kA viSaya ho sakatA hai, para samiti yaha mAnatI hai ki yahI usake liye kAryasAdhaka upAya thaa| isI kAraNa yaha saMbhava ho sakA ki hamArA jaTila Ayojana anya saralatara AyojanoM ke samakakSa samaya meM sampanna ho pA rahA hai jaisA sAraNI 1 se prakaTa hai / isa Ayojana kArya hetu paMDita jI se saMbaMdhita aneka saMsthAoM vidvat pariSada, varNI zodha saMsthAna, syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya kAzI, paravAra sabhA, jabalapura, jaina zikSA-saMsthA, kaTanI, aneka TrasToM (bI0 esa0 jabalapura, jaina TrasTa, rIvA ), kSetroM-kuMDalapura, papaurA, khajurAhoM, evaM ziSyoM se sahayoga milA hai| damoha nagara se sarvAdhika sahayoga milaa| kaTanI bhI pIche nahIM rhaa| seTha dharmacaMda sarAvagI jaise sajjanoM ne parokSa jAnakArI ke AdhAra para sahayoga diyaa| vastutaH yaha kuNDalapura ke bar3e bAbA evaM bha0 saMbhavanAtha kI pratimA ke navottaraNa kA prabhAva hI hai ki 'pade pade vicchinnazaMku' pratIta hone vAle isa Ayojana ko pUrNatA mila skii| samiti kA Aya-vyayaka pRthaka se prasArita kiyA jA rahA hai| ___ isa Ayojana kA dvitIya caraNa, graMtha samarpaNa samAroha, kuMDalapura kSetra para AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke sAnnidhya meM jaina vidyA goSThI ke mAdhyama se saMpanna karane kA nizcaya thaa| paraMtu aneka vivazatAoM ne sthAnaparivartana ke liye bAdhya kiyaa| hama satanA kI mahAvIra di0 jaina pAramArthika saMsthA ke AbhArI haiM ki unhoMne isa Ayojana ko apane yahAM saMpanna karAne kA pUrNa uttaradAyitva liyaa| isa Ayojana hetu hamAre samanvayaka DA0 jaina ne 80,000 kimI0 se bhI adhika yAtrAyeM kI, 300 se adhika vyaktiyoM se samparka kiyA aura 3,500 se bhI adhika patra likhe / unakA zrama aura tyAga prazaMsanIya haiN| hameM lagatA hai ki unakI tIbra niSThA ke binA yaha kArya saMbhava nahIM ho paataa| unake kArya sAdhaka vacanoM yA vyavahAra se aneka jana anyathAbhAvI dikhe haiN| para hama jAnate haiM ki unakA uddezya aisA kabhI nahIM rahA / hama isa sthiti ke liye kSamAprArthI haiM aura samiti kI ora se DA0 jaina ko kRtajJatA jJApita karate haiN| aMta meM hama sabhI dAtAroM, lekhakoM, vidvat samiti, svAgata samiti evaM prabaMdha samiti, samAroha Ayojana samiti ke sadasyoM, vibhinna saMsthAoM, TrasToM evaM kSetra-samitiyoM ko dhanyavAda denA cAhate haiM jinake sahayoga ke binA samiti yaha gurutara kArya kaise kara sakatI thI? graMtha mudraNa ke nirNaya ke krAMtika kSaNoM ke hamAre sahayogI zrI pI0 ke0 jaina aura zrImatI kSamA jaina ke prati samiti kI kRtajJatA manohArI hI hogii| isa avasara para aneka lipikIya sahAyakoM ko bhI kaise bhulAyA jA sakatA hai ? mujhe vizvAsa hai ki yaha sAdhuvAda graMtha vidvat varga, adhyetA, anusaMghitsu evaM samAja ke pragatizIla vicArakoM ke liye sAravAn siddha hogaa| hamAre samagra prayAsa meM apUrNatA evaM truTiyA~ svAbhAvika haiN| usake liye samiti kI ora se hama kSamAprArthI haiM / mahAvIra jayantI, 1990 -prabaMdha samiti

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saMpAdakIya jaina samAja ke vizrata vidvadvara paMDita jaganmohana lAla jI zAstrI ke sAdhuvAda graMtha kI yojanA kA prastAva kuMDala pura kSetra para Ayojita agasta 1987 kI baiThaka meM pArita kiyA gayA thaa| tadanurUpa vartamAna saMpAdaka maMDala kA do caraNoM meM gaThana kiyA gayA / hameM duHkha hai ki isa maMDala ke do pramukha evaM anavarata preraka sadasya DA. harIndrabhUSaNa jI, ujjaina va DA0 kaMchedI lAla jaina, rAyapura hamAre bIca nahIM haiN| phira bhI, unakA AzIrvAda to hameM hai hii| vartamAna saMpAdaka maMDala ne arucikara paristhitiyoM meM bhI graMtha-hetu samucita sAmagrI kA saMkalana evaM saMpAdana kiyaa| pUjya paMDita jI kI icchAnusAra, hamane unake liye svataMtra khaMDa nahIM rakhA hai, apitu paMDita paraMparA khaMDa ke hI upa khaMDoM ke antargata unake byaktitva evaM kRtitva kI apUrva jhAMkI dI gaI hai| isa khaMDa hetu hameM prasannatA hai ki pUjya paMDita jI ne apanI sarala AtmakathA, nayI pIDhI ke liye vicAra evaM dainaMdinI ke rUpa meM apane vividha rUpa prakAzanArtha diye| hameM vizvAsa hai ki nava-paraMparA kA yaha kArya anumodita hI hogaa| isa khaMDa ke atirikta isa graMtha meM pAMca khaMDa aura haiN| inameM dhyAna aura yoga kA khaMDa vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya hai| digaMbara jaina samAja meM dhyAna-yoga viSayaka tulanAtmaka evaM sUcanA paraka sAmagrI, saMbhavataH sarva prathama, isI graMtha meM dI jA rahI hai| saMpAdaka maMDala kA vicAra hai ki dhyAna jahA~ vyaktitva ko UrjA-saMcaya se nikhAratA hai, vahIM usameM vyaktiyoM se bane saMpUrNa samAja ko nikhArane kI kSamatA hai| aise utkRSTa sAdhana ko vartamAna meM sarvatra sArvajanika rUpa diyA jA rahA hai| bIsavIM sadI ke aMtima dazakoM meM aise mahatvapUrNa viSaya kA samAhAra karanA Avazyaka mAnA gyaa| isake atirikta. vaijJAnika yaga meM jaina vidyAoM meM vaijJAnika tathyoM ke samIkSaNAtmaka khaMDa kA bhI apanA mahatva hai| isameM vartamAna ., vijJAna ke sAta viSayoM se saMbaMdhita lekha hai jo jaina zAstroM para AdhArita hai| isa prakAra kI ekatrita sAmagrI pUrva prakAzita kucha graMthoM meM bhI AI hai, para yahA~ sAmagrI kI navInatA pAThakoM ko manohArI evaM jJAnavardhaka siddha hogI, aisA vizvAsa hai| graMtha ke anya tIna khaMDoM-dharma-darzana, itihAsa-purAtatva evaM sAhitya kI sAmagrI bhI bIsavIM sadI ke pragati zIla vicAroM ke pariprekSya meM saMyojita kI gaI hai| isameM aneka AzAoM aura nirAzAoM ke bIja haiN| paraMparAvAda aura pragativAda ke samanvaya ke tarka haiM / isa sAmagrI se pAThakoM ko do lAbha to hoMge hI-sUcanA vardhana aura jJAna vardhana / adhikAMza lekhoM meM saMdarbha sUcanAyeM dI gaI haiM jinase pAThaka apanI ruci kA saMvardhana kara sakate haiM / ___ isa graMtha kI sAmagrI to viziSTa hai hI, isake lekhaka bhI viziSTa haiM / pAThaka dekheMge ki graMtha ke lekhakoM meM jaina samAja ke paraMparAgata supratiSThita lekhaka nagaNya hI haiN| inameM naI paudha hI adhika hai| yaha graMtha isa tathya kA pratIka hai ki vaTa vRkSoM ke tale bhI naI paudha janma le sakatI hai| isa naI paudha ko panapane ke liye sAdhujanoM evaM vidvajjanoM kA AzIrvAda hI cAhiye / lekhakoM ke atirikta, isa graMtha kI eka aura vizeSatA bhI pAThaka dekheNge| isa graMtha meM vividhA hai : jaina dharma aura saMskRti ke vividha AyAma, vividha najaroM se / vividhA ekadhA se sadaiva adhika manohArI hotI hai, aisA saMpAdaka maMDala kA vizvAsa hai| __ saMpAdaka maMDala una sAdhu-sAdhvI janoM kA AbhArI hai jinakA prAraMbha se hI isa kArya meM AzIrvAda rahA hai| yaha apane una sabhI deza-videza ke lekhakoM, saMsmaraNa preSakoM, zumAzaMsiyoM kA bhI AbhArI hai jinake sahayoga

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ke binA yaha graMtha mUrta rUpa nahIM le sakatA thaa| bhAI amara caMdra jI, satanA, nIraja jaina (phoTo) aura siMghaI dhanya kumAra jI kaTanI ke sahayoga se paMDita jI se saMbaMdhita sAmagrI mila skii| saMpAdaka maMDala unakA atIva RNI hai / saMpAdana ke kArya meM hameM kAphI parezAnI AI hai aura aneka lekhakoM kI saMpAdakoM kI katara-vyoMta se arucikaratA kA hama anumAna kara sakate haiN| phira bhI, hamArI peja sImA, artha sImA va samaya sImA ko dekhate hue be hamArI vivazatA ko kSamA kareMge, aisA vizvAsa hai| kAzI ke avataraNa-sahAyakoM meM DA. kamaleza, DA. premI evaM DA0 gokulacaMda bhI dhanyavAdAha haiM / mudraNa kArya meM sneha pUrNa sahayoga aura mArga darzana ke liye tArA presa ke vyavasthApaka zrI ramAzaMkara paMDyA hamAre vizeSa dhanyavAda pAtra haiM jinhoMne mudraNa meM truTiyAM kama karane kA bhArI prayAsa kiyaa| yadi ve raha gaI haiM, to hama hI kSamA prArthI haiN| aMta meM, saMpAdaka maMDala sAdhuvAda samiti ke padAdhikAriyoM ke prati apanA AbhAra vyakta karatA hai jinake snehapUrNa vizvAsa ne hameM isa durUha kArya ko pUrNa karane kA bala diyaa| kuMDalapura ke bar3e bAbA kA prasAda to sadaiva hamAre sAtha rahA hai / -saMpAdaka maMDala

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viSaya sUcI E:.. < upAdhyAya amara muni bhadrAraka cArukIrtijI, zravaNabelagolA bha0 cArukIti jI, mUDabiDI bra0 kalyANadAsa 555 <<< < manu viSNukAnta zukla prabaMdha samiti vidvat samiti samitIya saMpAdakIya AzIrvacana evaM zubhakAmanAyeM 1. AcArya vimalasAgara jI 2. AcArya vidyAsAgara jI muni arahasAgarajI evaM mAtA padmamatIjI zubha bhAvanA zubha kAmanA zubha AzIrvAda sadbhAvanA 8. svAmI riSi kumAra, RSikuMja Azrama 9. maMgalAzaMsanam madara TeresA, kalakattA 11. zrI ema. ela jaina, kulapati, sAgara vizvavidyAlaya 12. zrI rAdhAkAMta varmA, ( bhU0 pU0 ) kulapati, rIvA vizvavidyAlaya 13. zrI rAjendra kumAra jaina, vidizA 14. zrI mahendra kumAra mAnava, bhopAla 15. bejor3a, benajIra AgamI AcArya 16. DA0 jayakumAra jaina, mujaphpharanagara 17. zrI jJAnacaMda jaina, khuraI 18. zrI satyadhara kumAra seThI, ujjaina sevAbhAvI paMDita jI 20. preraka smRtikaNa 21. mere mAmA jI 22. amara rahe vyaktitva tumhArA 23. DA0 pannAlAla, sAhityAcArya, jabalapura 24. paM0 hIrAlAla jaina, dillI 25. aNuvratoM kI pratimUrti ..G Gnon DA0 mahendra sAgara pracaMDiyA, alIgar3ha DA0 esa0 sI0 jaina, jabalapura paM0 jIvanalAla zAstrI, lalitapura ratanacaMda jaina, svataMtratA saMgrAma senAnI mallinAtha zAstrI, madrAsa ... DA0 rAjArAma jaina, ArA

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( xii ) lh ly - bh ly - w - h - y 26. calatI-phiratI jina vANI gulAbacaMdra puSpa, TIkamagar3ha 7. anokhe vyaktitva ke dhanI dharmacaMdra sarAvagI, kalakattA 28. sadAzayI paMDita jI (sva0) bhUramala jaina, jabalapura vaMdanIya vibhUti paM0 nAthUlAla zAstrI, iMdaura 30. paravAra sabhA ke prANa dAdA nemIcaMda jaina, jabalapura 31. kalAbAja paMDita jI paM0 jamanAprasAda zAstrI, kaTanI 32. gurutA ke gaurava devendra kumAra zAstrI, nImaca 33. bar3e paMDita jI kA baDappana DA0 premasumana jaina, udayapura 34. mere Agama-adhyayana ke preraNAsrota bhuvaneMdu kumAra zAstrI, bAdarI mere ArAdhya paMDita jI seTha riSabhakumAra, khuraI 36. cumbakIya pravacanakAra evaM satsaMgI zrI ratanacandra jaina, satanA prakAza aura USmA ke ajasra srota dazaratha jaina, chatarapura 38. ekaniSTha vratI vidvAn gorAvAlA khuzAlacaMdra, kAzI 39. virodhAbhAsI guru : zata-zata vaMdana / DA0 sudarzana lAla, kAzI khaMDa 1-paMDita paramparA aura paMDita jI : (a) paMDita paramparA 1-1. prAcIna bhArata kI vaidika paMDita paraMparA DA0 natthU lAla gupta 1-2. bauddha saMskRti meM paMDita paraMparA DA0 caMdrazekhara prasAda 1-3. jaina paMDita paraMparA : eka paridRzya naMdalAla jaina, rIvA 1-4. vidhya kSetra ke jaina vidvAn -1. TIkamagar3ha aura chatarapura kamala kumAra jaina khaMDa 1 (ba)-paMDita jI : vyaktitva aura saMsmaraNa 1-5. janmakuMDalI, vaMkSavRkSa evaM vidyAvRkSa 1-6. merA jIvana vRtta paM0 jaganmohana lAla zAstrI 1-7. sva0 paM0 bAbU lAla jI : mere vidyA guru paM0 jaganmohana zAstrI 1-8. jaina zikSA saMsthA ke saMsthApaka aura saMcAlaka nIraja jaina 1-9. zrI atizaya kSetra kuMDalapura meM sthita zrI udAsIna Azrama ke saMsthApaka paM0 bAbU lAla zAstrI 1-10. sUjhabUjha evaM vAkcAturtha ke dhanI paMDita jI ke kucha zikSAprada saMsmaraNa (sva0) DA0 kaMchedI lAla jaina 1-11. morenA ke mere Adara pAtra aura mArgadarzaka DA0 jagadIza caMdra jaina khaMDa 1 (sa)-paMDita jI : kRtittva evaM samIkSaNa 1-12. adhyAtma amRtakalazaH eka samIkSA (sva0) DA. harIndra bhUSaNa jaina 1-13. zrAvakadharma pradIpa TIkA : eka samIkSA rAjendra, Ara0 vI0 1-14. paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI : lekha sUcI saMkalita 1-15. paMDita jI kI kRtitva sUcI, yAtrAyeM, abhinaMdana saMkalita

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1-16. paMDita jI se saMbaMdhita saMsthAyeM : saMpAdana 1-17. paMDita jI ke vividha rUpa 1-18. paMDita jI ke vartamAna udgAra 1-19. itihAsa ke pRSThoM se: bAbA gokUla caMdra jI 1-20. samAja kI paramopakArI sacetana nidhi 1-21. vinodI sahayogI kA sAdhuvAda 1-22. virAT mahAmAnava saMkalita saMkalita patrAcAra gaNeza prasAda varNI paM0 mANikacaMdra cavare paM0 phUlacaMdra zAstrI siMghaI dhanyakumAra jaina 102 103 111 112 113 115 116 yuvAcArya mahAprajJa svAmI satyabhakta saubhAgyamala jaina DA0 zrIraMjanasUri deva DA0 DI0 sI0 jaina DA0 vi0 joharApurakara DA0 karuNA jaina aura DA0 ke0 jana sohana rAja koThArI khaNDa 2-dharma aura darzana : navayuga 2-1. sA vidyA yA vimuktaye 2-2. jaina dharma : prAcInatA kA gaurava aura navInatA kI AzA 2-3. zramaNa saMskRti kA virAT dRSTikoNa 2-4. jainadharma meM ahiMsA 2-5. rileTivijma aiMDa iTsa prekTisa 2-6. yogi pratyakSa aura jyotirjJAna 2-7. jainadharmaH bhAratIyoM kI dRSTi meM (anu0) 2-8. vartamAna nyAya-vyavasthA kA AdhAra dhArmika AcAra saMhitA 2-9. ena enelisisa aiMDa eveluyezana Ava IsTarna aiMDa besTarna philAsophikala eproceja 2-10. mAnavIya mUlyoM ke hrAsa kA yakSa-prazna-mAnava 2-11. Adhunika yuga aura dharma 2-12. dhArmika pariprekSya meM Aja kA zrAvaka 2-13. jaina sAdhu aura bIsavIM sadI 2-14. videzoM meM jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra 2-15. videzoM meM dhArmika AsthA 2-16. jaina vidyAoM ke katipaya upAdhi-nirapekSa zodhakartA 2-17. Agama-tulya graMthoM kI prAmANikatA kA mUlyAMkana 2-18. sapAdazatakadvaya paramAtmastotra khaMDa 3-dhyAna aura yoga 3-1. dhyAna kA zAstrIya adhyayana 3-2. dhyAna kA vaijJAnika vivecana 3-3. prekSA meDITezana parasepzana Ava sAikika senTarsa 3-4. lezyA dhyAna 3-5. lezyA dvArA vyaktitva rUpAMtaraNa 3-6. baccoM ke liye dhyAna yoga kA zikSaNa pro0 DonAlDa eca0 vizapa DA0 rAmajI siMha DA0 hvI0 ena0 sinhA DA0 subhASa koThArI nirmala AjAda DA0 DI0 ke. jaina DA0 mahendra rAjA jaina saMkalita DA0 ena0 ela0 jaina paM. mANika caMdra cavare 107 ena0 ela0 jaina DA0 e0 kumAra munizrI mahendra kumAra yuvAcArya mahAprajJa mumukSu zAMtA jaina svAmI zaMkara devAnaMda sarasvatI 113 129 141 148 155 167

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(xiv ) 3-7. sukha zAMti kI prApti kA upAya : sahaja rAjayoga 3.8. pUrNa svAsthya ke liye yogAbhyAsa 3-9. AcArya haribhadra kI ATha yoga daSTiyA~ 3-10. sAiMTiphika sTaDIja ina yoga 3-11. NamokAra maMtra aura manovijJAna 3-12. jaina zAstroM meM maMtravAda 3-13. maMtrayoga aura usakI sarvatobhadra sAdhanA brahmAkumArI sunItA bahana svAmI niraMjanAnaMda sarasvatI satIza muni DA0 ema0 ela0 ghAroTe (sva0) DA0 nemacaMdra zAstrI prakAza caMdra siMghAI DA. rudradeva tripAThI 170 175 179 183 192 197 211 217 228 234 238 khaMDa 4--jaina vidyAoM meM vaijJAnika tathya :samIkSaNa 4-1. jJAna prApti kI Agamika evaM Adhunika vidhiyoM kA tulanAtmaka samIkSaNa 4-2. jaina zAstroM meM vaijJAnika saMketa 4-3. varNa : padArtha kA eka abhinna guNa 4-4. jaina thyorI Ava skaMdhAja oNra molIkyUlsa 4-5. jIva vicAra prakaraNa aura gommaTasAra jIva kAMDa 4-6. jaina zAstroM meM AhAra vijJAna 4-7. zAkAhArI AhAroM se UrjA 4-8. jaina siddhAntoM ke saMdarbha meM vartamAna AhAra vihAra 4-9. similariTIja vITabIna jaina esTronomI aiMDa vedAMga jyotiSa 4-10. jainAcArya nAgArjuna 4-11. kavi hastiruci aura unakI vaidyaka kRtiyA~ 4-12. rogopacAra meM graha zAMti evaM dhAmika upAyoM kA yogadAna 4-13. dArzanika gaNitajJa AcArya yativRSabha kI kucha gaNitIya nirUpaNAyeM DA0 ena0ela0 jaina paM0 jaganmohana lAla zAstrI DA0 anila kumAra jaina ena0 ela0 jaina ku0 aMbara jaina DA0 ena0 ela0 jaina DA0 madhu e. jaina DA0 rAjakumAra jaina / DA0 esa0 esa0 lizka pro0 ema0 ema0 jozI DA0 Ara0 pI0 bhaTanAgara DA0 jI0 sI0 jaina 253 267 279 287 294 298 301 305 pro0 anupama jaina 317 324 khaMDa 5 - itihAsa evaM purAtattva 5-1. mithilA aura jaina mata pro0 upendra ThAkura 5-2. jina mUrti lekha vizleSaNa : tIrthaMkara mAnyatA evaM __ bhaTTAraka paraMparA DA0 ena0 ela0 jaina 5-3. jaina saMskRti pratiSThApaka-AcArya kuMdakuMda vrAtya the gorAvAlA khuzAlacaMdra 5-4. jainoM kA sAmAjika itihAsa DA0 vilAsa e0 saMgave 5-5. rIvA ke kaTarA jaina maMdira kI mUrtiyoM para prazastiyA~ puSpendra kumAra jaina 5.6. bIsavIM sadI kI eka janetara jaina vibhUti : kuM0 digvijaya siMha DA0 ke0 ela0 jaina 5-7. paurapATa (paravAra) anvaya--1 paM0 phUlacaMdra siddhAntazAstrI 5.8. siddhakSetra kuMDalagiri phUlacaMdra zAstrI 343 346 351

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5-9. zrIdhara svAmI kI nirvANa bhUmi : kuMDalapura 5-10. digaMbara jaina paravAra samAja, jabalapura saMskAra dhAnI ke liye avadAna 5-11. zahaDola jile kI prAcIna jaina kalA aura sthApatya khaMDa 6 - sAhitya 6-1. kAmana TarminolojI ina arlI buddhisTa aiMDa jaina TaiksTsa 6- 2. kanakasena kA svataMtra vacanAmRta 62. prAcIna prazna vyAkaraNa vartamAna RSibhASita ( xv) aura uttarAdhyayana 6-4. jaina mithaka tathA unake Adi srota : bhagavAna riSabha 6-5. ajaina nATakakAroM ke hindI nATakoM meM jaina samAja darzana kI avadhAraNA 66. airAvata chavi 6-7. apabhraMza ke khaMDa aura muktaka kAvyoM kI vizeSatAyeM 6-8. jaina kaviyoM dvArA racita hindI kAvya meM pratIka yojanA 69. ardha kathAnaka punarvilokana 6-10. kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa 6-11 kuvalayamAlA kathA ke AdhAra para gollAdeza va gollAcArya kI pahicAna paMDita jaganmohana lAla zAstrI siMghaI nemIcaMdra jaina DA0 rAjendra kumAra baMsala ke0 Ara0 nAmana DA0 pI0 esa0 jainI DA0 sAgaramala jaina DA0 harIndra bhUSaNa jaina DA0 lakSmI nArAyaNa dube kuMdana lAla jaina DA0 Aditya pracaMDiyA DA0 mahendra pracaMDiyA DA0 kailAza tivArI DA0 bhAgIratha prasAda tripAThI 'vAgIza' zAstrI DA0 yazavanta malaiyA 375 380 383 393 398 404 415 421 423 427 431 438 443 447

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AzIrvacana evaM zubhakAmanAe~

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vyavahAra naya aura nizcaya naya nizcaya naya jIva kA yathArtha svarUpa batAtA hai| isake viparyAsa meM, vyavahAra naya vartamAna upAdhiyoM ke AdhAra para jIva svarUpa ko batAtA hai / nirupAdhika varNana na karane se vaha athArtha hai / tathApi, vyavahAra naya kI gaNanA mithyAjJAna meM nahIM hai, yaha samyak jJAna kA bheda hai / isameM saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya bhI nahIM hote| yaha sApekSa varNana hai / yaha manda buddhi ziSya ko sAmAnya mUrkhatA kI apekSA 'gadhA' kahane ke samAna hai / vyavahAra naya mithyAbhASI nahIM hai, samyag jJAna hai aura pramANa koTi meM AtA hai / adhyAtma amRta kalaza, 57

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paramapUjya AcArya zrI 108 vimalasAgara jI ke AzIrvacana paNDita jI samAja ke agraNI vidvAn haiN| sAtha-sAtha vratI bhI haiN| unakA jIvana samAja kI sevA meM botA hai aura bIta rahA hai| hamArI unako pUrNa 'samAdhirastu' hai / ve samAja ko uThAte hue jaina zAsana kI mahimA ko bar3hAte hue jana-jana ke liye kalyANakArI aura maMgalamaya hoN| ve apanI bhAvanAoM ko vRddhiMgata karate cale jAveM / yahI AzIrvAda hai| zramaNagiri (datiyA) ma0pra0, 14-2-89 / paramapUjya 108 AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI alikhita AzIrvAda isa Ayojana ke prAyojana se hI vibhinna caraNoM para prApta hote rahe haiM aura Aja bhI prApta haiN| muni zrI arahasAgara jI evaM mAtA pAmatI jo isa maMgalamaya sAhityika anuSThAna evaM jJAna-tapopUta ke guNagAna meM apanA AzIrvAda pradAna karate haiN|

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upAdhyAya zrI amara muni vIrAyatana, rAjagira (bihAra) zrI cArukIrti bhaTTAraka svAmI jI jaina maTha, zravaNabelagolA, karnATaka, 573, 135 paNDita jI yathAnAma tathAguNa haiM / unake adhyayana, adhyApana evaM lekhana meM maulikatA hai / jaTila viSaya kI sarala, subodha evaM spaSTa vyAkhyA zrotA ko harSita kara sAdhuvAda ke liye prerita karatI hai / paNDita jI se merA paricaya unake sArasvata vAGmaya ke mAdhyama se hai jo pratyakSa paricaya se adhika mahatvapUrNa | paNDita jI apanI yazasvI racanAoM se samAja ke bauddhika kSetra ko prakAzamAna karate raheM, yahI zubha bhAvanA hai / zubha bhAvanA svastizrI bhaTTAraka cArukIti paMDitAcArya svAmI jI digambara jaina maTha, mUDabiDI, karnATaka, 574, 227 paNDita jaganmohanalAla jI zAstrI ke sAdhuvAda hetu Apa eka grantha prakAzita kara rahe haiM, yaha jAnakara mujhe prasannatA huI / zrI zAstrI jI jainadarzana ke bahuzruta vidvAn haiM / jaina sAhitya ke kSetra meM evaM jaina samAja ke liye zikSaNa, vyAkhyAna, lekhana ke rUpa meM unakI sevAyeM atyanta sarAhanIya rahI hai / unakI sevAoM kA sAdhuvAda sAmayika hai / hama ApakI yojanA kI saphalatA kI kAmanA karate 1 bra0 kalyANadAsa jo sIhorA roDa, jabalapura * paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha paNDita jaganmohanalAla jI zAstrI ke sAdhuvAdana ke avasara para jaina-vidyA-grantha prakAzana ke nirNaya se maiM bahuta prasanna hU~ / zrI paNDitajI isa samaya ke sarvotkRSTa vidvAn, dharmAnuzAsita, siddhAntavAdI zikSaka, lekhaka, sampAdaka aura vyAkhyAtA haiM / kRpayA isa kArya hetu hamAre AzIrvAda svIkAra kareM / 'bhadraM bhUyAt, vardhatAm' jinazAsanaM' aneka zubhAziSa paNDita jI bacapana se hI kuzAgrabuddhi aura guNI rahe haiM / Apane morenA aura vArANasI meM zikSA prApta kI hai / ApakI vANI jana-jana ko moha letI hai / Apake dvArA paripoSita zikSA-saMsthA kaTanI Aja aneka saMsthAoM kA samUha bana gayA hai / Apake kAraNa aneka sAdhusaMgha adhyayanArthaM kaTanI meM cAturmAsa karate haiM / gahana viSaya ko sarala karanA ApakI vizeSatA hai / maiM bhI unhoM ke prasAda se AtmakalyANa kI ora agrasara huA hU~ / Apa sadguru, hitacintaka, saMtoSI, sarala svabhAvI, jJAna bhaNDArI, aSTamadavikala, niraticAra vrata - pAlaka, paMcazIla, kaSAyatyAgI evaM kalyANamArgI haiN| maiM unake prati apanI sadbhAvanA vyakta karatA hU~ /

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AzIrvacana evaM zubhakAmanAeM svAmI riSi kumAra RSi kuMjAzrama, paMcamaTha, rIvA paramezvarI vivadamAnAnAM paMcAMdhAnAM gaja iva / cakSaSmAn kazcitteSAM vivAdaM zrutvA proktavAn sarveSAM yaSmAkaM kathanaM satyamiti / vivAdo nirrthkH| sarvANi aMgAni militvA gajo bhavati / tathaiva paramatatva-viSaye vidvAMsaH vividhAH vadaMti / AdhyAtmikacetanAyAH vividhastarIyAste'nabhavA eva mahAjanAnAM / ataeva sarva samIcInaM / idamitthameva na kazcita vaktaM paraM tatvaM / anubhavasya viSayo'yaM, na vivaadsy| vargavAda eva tiraskRto vivekibhiH nAnubhavo mahApuruSANAM / dharmasya purassarANi vizeSaNAni eva mithaH kalahasya kAraNAni, no dharmaH sAkSAt / dharmastu AcAraNasya viSayo, na vitaMDAvAdasya / sarve janAH sadAcAriNo bhuuyaasuH| sarve mahAjanAnanusarantu iti kAmanayA zubhayA ahamabhivAdayAmi jaina vidyAmanISiNaM mahAmuni kuMDalapura-saMtaM zrI jaganmohanazAstriNaM mahAbhAgamiti / maGgalAzaMsanam viSNukAnta zukla sahAranapura tapaHsvAdhyAyapUtAtmanAM vidhUtapApmanAM, ajJAnadhvAntanivAraNaikajJAna-divAkarANAM, anekapatraprasAdhakAnAM, sampAdakAnAM vividhapatrikANAM, aSTAzotivarSAvadhisamadhyApitajijJAsUnAM, zodhasaMsthAnagurukulapIThAdhIzAnAM, svAtantryayodhanajaya. bhaTAnAM, sarasvatIsamArAdhanatatparANAM, purANajJAnAmapi abhinavamatInAM, zuddhasvAntaHkaraNAnAM, guNagauravalubdhajagatAM paMDitapravarANAM jaganmohanalAlajainAnAM sAdhuvAdotsave teSAM zatAyuSyaM suyazaM baiduSyaM ca bhagavantaM vizvarUpaM kAmaye / parama zraddhAspada madara TeresA mizanarIja Ava ceriTIja, 54 e, loara sarkulara roDa, kalakattA-17 ahiMsA aura zAnti ke liye Apake sAhityika kArya kI saphalatA ke liye hama Izvara se prArthanA karate haiN| hama jina logoM ke sAtha rahate haiM, unheM hama IzvarIya pyAra ke prakAza meM namratApUrvaka kSamA karanA siikheN| yahI sacce bhrAtRtva evaM zAnti kA ekamAtra mArga hai /

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paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha zrI ema0 ela0 jaina kulapati, sAgara vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara ma0 pra0 ___ paNDita jaganmohanalAla jI zAstrI ke sAdhuvAda ke kArya prArambha karane se maiM ati prasanna huuN| kRpayA paNDita jI ko hamAre AdarabhAva vyakta kreN| hama sabhI loga unake dIrgha evaM sevAbhAvI jIvana kI kAmanA karate haiN| ve hameM sadaiva dhArmika cintana dete raheM / pro0 rAdhAkAnta varmA kulapati, avadheza pratApa siMha, vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA, ma0 pra0 __paM0 jaganmohana lAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda samAroha ke antargata sAdhuvAda grantha kA prakAzana pUre vidhya-kSetra ke liye gaurava kI bAta hai| zAstrI jI dharma aura dhyAna vidyA meM pAraMgata haiM tathA unhoMne rASTrIya AMdolana meM bhI bhAga liyA hai| unhoMne apane kuzala nirdezana meM prajJAzakti dvArA jo sAmAjika kArya sampanna kiye hai, ve cira-smaraNIya raheMge / grantha meM dharma-darzana ke sAtha ho kalA, itihAsa-pUrAtatva, dhyAna evaM vijJAna para Apa sAmagrI prakAzita kara rahe haiM. yaha eka upalabdhi hogI / maiM svayaM viMdhya kSetra ke jaina mandiroM evaM kalA para kAma kara rahA huuN| grantha ke prakAzana kI saphalatA ke liye merI zubhakAmanAe~ svIkAra kreN| zrI rAjendrakumAra jaina mAdhavagaMja, vidizA, ma0pra0 jinavANI kI nirantara sAdhanA meM rata paNDita jI kA vyaktitva sahaja, apUrva aura sarala hai| unhoMne adhyayanaadhyApana ke mAdhyama se samAja ke sAtha-sAtha svayaM ko bhI AcAra-saMhitA ke kaMTakAkINaM patha meM cintana-mananapUrvaka DhAlA hai| ve yathArtha meM sAdhuvAda ke pAtra hai| nirabhimAnI tattvaciMtaka AtmasAdhaka bar3e paNDita jo zatAyu hokara hamArA mArgadarzana karate rheN|

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AzIrvacana evaM zubhakAmanAeM zrI mahendra kumAra mAnava sampAdaka, paMcAyata rAja, bhopAla-2, ma0pra0 paNDita jaganmohanalAla jI kI sAdhuvAda-yojanA se maiM prasanna huuN| nizcaya hI paNDitajI nirabhimAnI evaM sAdhu prakRti ke paNDita haiN| ve jaina darzana ke marmajJa evaM jaina AcAra ke Adarza pathika haiN| ve darzana jJAna aura cAritra ke samaveta rUpa haiM / unheM mere praNAma kheN| bejor3a, benajIra AgAmI AcArya DA. mahendra sAgara pracaMDiyA alIgar3ha eka bAra paMDita maNDalI meM unhoMne merA bhASaNa sunA ve pAsa meM baiThe mitra-saMgI paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI se mere viSaya meM jAMca-par3atAla kara baitthe| paNDita jI bole-"are, yaha apanA DAkTara pracaNDiyA hai, prabhAvaka vaktA hai, vidvAn hai / " kAryakrama samApti para unhoMne apanI bhujAoM meM mujhe sameTa liyaa| unhoMne mujhe apanI do pustakeM bhI bhejI jo Aja bhI merA mArgadarzana kara rahI hai / yaha udAharaNa hai, "guNI janoM ko dekha hRdaya meM, merA prema umar3a Ave' / paNDita jI korI zAstra abhijJatA nahIM rkhte| ve mAtra zabda-sAdhaka bhI nahIM hai / tapasyA ke mArga para unake caraNa bahuta Age bar3ha gaye haiN| yaha bAta sarvathA virala mAnI jaavegii| jaba taka caraNa sadAcaraNamaya na ho, taba taka cintana kA mArga prazasta nahIM hotaa| paNDita jI Agama ke calate-phirate koza haiN| darzana ke AcArya haiN| caritra ke cUr3AmaNi hai| guNa ke prati saccI zraddhA koI unase sIkhe / isa triveNI-saMkula guNojana ko merA bAra-bAra abhivandana / hama jaina vidyAoM ke mUrdhanya manISI evaM jJAna tapopUta paMDita jagammohanalAla zAstrI kA abhivaMdana karate hue unake dIrghAyuSI mArgadarzana kI zubhakAmanA karate haiM : 1. sadasyagaNa, jaina TrasTa evaM jaina kendra, rIvA, ma0pra0 2. sadasyagaNa, khajurAho tIrthakSetra kameTI, chatarapura, ma0pra0 3. sadasyagaNa, papaurA kSetra kameTI, TIkamagar3ha 4. sadasyagaNa, sAdhuvAda samiti, rIvA-damoha-jabalapura 5. paMDita govindarAya zAstrI, jhUmarItilaiyA

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8 DA0 jayakumAra jaina mujaphphara nagara zrI jJAnacandra jaina vyAkhyAtA, khuraI apUjyA yatra pUjyante, trINi tatra pravardhante isa ukti ke anurUpa hI bhAratavarSa meM pUjya tyAgiyoM, vidvAnoM va vivekiyoM ke sAdhuvAda kI paramparA rahI hai / pUjya paNDita jI ke viSaya meM yaha vyatikrama azobhana lagatA thA / mahApuruSoM meM tyAga, vidvattA, viveka, satyAnveSaNa evaM sadvicArakatA ke guNa pAye jAte haiM / pUjya paNDita jI meM ina sabhI guNoM kA maNi-kAMcana saMyoga hai / ve saMskRta ke prakANDa vidvAn, kuzala pravacanakAra evaM parimArjita mati ke lekhaka haiM / ve gahana vicAroM ko sahaja abhivyakti dene meM kuzala 1 manasi vacasi kAye, puNyapIyUSapUrNAH tribhuvanamupakArazreNibhiH prINayantaH / paraguNaparamANUn parvatIkRtya nityaM nijahRdi vikasantaH santi santaH kiyantaH // paM0 satyandhara kumAra seThI ujjaina paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha pUjyAnAM ca vyatikramaH / dAridryaM maraNaM, bhayam // pUjya paNDita jI mahAn anekAntI evaM jinavANI ke marmajJa, unnAyaka evaM saMvardhaka haiN| ApakI kathanI-karanI meM ekarUpatA dRSTigocara hotI hai / Apa munibhakta haiM / Apa AcArya vidyAsAgara jo kI vAcanAoM meM pramukha bhAga lete rahe haiM / Apa jainadharma kI dhvajA sadaiva phaharAte raheM, yaho mero kAmanA hai / pUjya paNDita jI se sarvaprathama merA sAkSAtkAra sAgara kI vAcanA meM huA / maiMne unase kucha saiddhAntika carcAyeM kii| unake uttaroM se mujhe AbhAsa huA ki unake jJAna meM gahanatA hai, abhivyakti kI spaSTatA hai / vAstava meM paNDita jI zAnta sAdhaka haiM / ve sadaiva jJAnArAdhana meM rata rahate haiM / ve mA~ bhAratI ke sacce sevaka haiM / ve nirlobha tathA vitRSNa haiM / 'adhyAtma amRtakalaza' meM unake vicAra par3hane se mujhe atyanta zAnti milI hai| unake anusAra, vastu-svarUpa samajhane ke lie vyavahAra aura nizcaya naya ke do netra haiM / jaina saMskRti kA hArda ina netroM ke sadupayoga meM | paNDita jI purApIr3hI ke vidvAn haiM para rUr3hivAdI nahIM haiM / ve siddhAntavAdI mahApuruSa haiM / merA unheM zata bAra namana /

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AzIrvacana evaM zubhakAmanAe~ sevAbhAvI paNDita jI DA0 esa0 sI0 jaina javAharagaMja, jabalapura varNI gurukula, mar3hiyA jI prArambha meM lAkhA bhavana meM lagatA thaa| usa samaya paNDita jI usake adhiSThAtA the| prAyaH 2-4 dinoM meM kaTanI se Akara bAlakoM ko zikSA evaM upadeza dete the| eka bAra jabalapura meM maleriyA kA prakopa pdd'aa| gurukula ke bacce bhI usase achUte na rhe| golI to sabako khAnI hI par3atI thii| unhoM dinoM eka rogI bAlaka ne kakSA meM hI vamana aura dasta kara die / ghRNA ke kAraNa use sApha karane kA kisI ko sAhasa nahIM ho rahA thaa| saMyogavaza usI samaya paNDita jI kakSA meM aae| unhoMne rogI kI sevA para upadeza diyaa| para ghRNA ke kAraNa koI bhI chAtra isase prabhAvita na huaa| phalataH paNDita jI ne tatkAla kapar3e badale aura vamana-dasta ko sApha karane ke lie taiyAra ho gye| yaha dekha chAtroM ke mana meM uthala-puthala huii| eka chAtra ne tatkAla vaha vamana-dasta sApha kara diyaa| paNDita jI usase prasanna hae aura usakI phIsa mApha kara dii| tapara preraka smRti-kaNa zrI jIvanalAla zAstrI AyurvedAcArya lalitapura (a) Atmanirbhara bano eka bAra kaTanI vidyAlaya ke aneka chAtra paNDita jI ke AcAryatva meM siddhacakra vidhAna karAne jabalapura gaye the| hama loga jisa kamare meM Thahare the, usameM jhADU nahIM lagatI thii| kamare ko gandA dekha pUjya paNDita jI svayaM jhADU lekara use jhAr3ane lge| hama saba yaha dekha cakita ho gaye evaM pazcAttApa bhI karane lge| usa dina paNDita jI ne hameM kahA, "tuma loga apanA kAma bhI svayaM nahIM kara sakate / Alaso banakara dUsaroM ke bharose rahakara kabhI koI saphalatA nahIM pA sakoge / Atmanirbhara bno|" Aja bhI usakI yaha zikSA hamAre lie mArgadarzaka banI huI hai| eka bAra, isI prakAra, hama logoM ko khelate samaya sira meM coTa A gii| unhoMne kahA, "jyAdA mata khelA kro| dekhakara khelA karo / ati sarvatra varjayeta / " (ba) bajAvapi kaThorANi, mRdUni kusumAdapi zikSA-saMsthA kaTanI ko dinacaryA prAtaH 4 baje se prArambha hoto thii| prAyaH paNDita jI pratidina hI isa dinacaryA kA prArambha karAne Ate the| unake bhaya se ho hama logoM meM Aja bhI prAtaH uThane kI Adata par3I huI hai| isalie jaba kabhI ve na bhI Ate, to bhI hama prAtaH uTha hI baiThate the| na uThane vAle ke lie ve daNDa bhI dete the aura bAda meM samajhAte bhI the| vastutaH ve 'vajrAdapi kaThorANi, mRdani kusumAdapi' ko ukti ke jIvanta svarUpa rahe haiN| unakI isa anuzAsanapriyatA ne ho kaTano ke vidyAlaya ko garimA aura pratiSThA dilaaii| unake bhItara apane vidyArthiyoM ke lie hitakArI bhAvanAeM evaM svarNima bhaviSya kA bhAva banA rahatA thaa| ve hamAre jIvana-nirmANa ke lie kumbhakAra ke samAna the jyoM kumhAra mRtapiMDa ko, ghar3ha car3ha kAr3he khott| bhItara hAtha pasAra ke, bAhara mAre coTa / / sacamuca hI, unakA prabhAvI anuzAsana iso koTi kA thA / hama saba unake RNI haiM /

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paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha mere mAmA jI ratanacandra jaina svatantratA saMgrAma senAnI, jabalapura mujhe acchI taraha yAda hai ki mere mAmAjI jaba choTe the, to unakI bar3I cuTaiyA thii| usakI gAMTha kholane meM mujhe bar3A Ananda AtA thaa| jisa prakAra mere nAnAjI ne mujhe dhArmika saMskAroM kI rujhAna dI, usI prakAra mere mAmAjI ne bhI majhe krAntikArI deza-sevA ke badale satyaniSTha deza-sevA evaM pArivArika kartavyoM ke nirvAha kI bhAvanA ko jagAne meM atyanta dhairya evaM caturAI se kAma liyaa| anyathA maiM to bahaka hI jaataa| mere jaise aneka yuvakoM ko unhoMne sanmArga maiM lagAyA hogA, aisA merA vicAra hai / mujhe bacapana se hI hindIsevI vaMzIdhara jI Dayor3iyA, bAbA gokula prasAda jI evaM paMDita jI kA AzIrvAda rahA hai| vartamAna meM merI aneka sAmAjika, rAjanItika va anya pravRttiyoM meM lage rahane kA zreya isa tripuTI ko hI hai| maiM cAhatA hU~ ki paMDita jI amRtamayI vANI ko kaiseTa Adi ke mAdhyama se sthAyI rUpa diyA jAve / mere unheM zatazata prnnaam| amara rahe vyaktitva tumhArA mallinAtha zAstrI madrAsa 'vidvAneva vijAnAti, vidvajjanaparizramaM / kI nIti ke anusAra, paNDita jI kI prazaMsA kiye binA nahIM rahA A sktaa| ve zAstramarmajJa, aTUTa zraddhAlu evaM mahAn vyakti haiM / ve AcArya-muni bhakta, AcArya vidyAsAgara jI ke ananya buddhijIvI sevaka, ekAntavAda ke dUSaka evaM anekAntavAda ke poSaka haiN| unakI kRtiyoM evaM pravacanoM meM unako vidvattA kA paricaya milatA hai| bhagavAn se prArthanA hai ki aisA jJAnavRddha evaM tapobuddha vyaktitva amara rahe aura dharma kI jAjvalyamAna dhavala patAkA phaharAtA rahe / DA. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya jaina gurukula, mar3hiyAjo, jabalapura paMDita jI ke prati merA guru tulya zraddhAbhAva hai / ve mere vidyAguru ke sahAdhyAyI rahe haiM / inhoMne apane pitAjI se cAritra niSThA, gurUNAM guruH varaiyA jI se vyavahAra kI prAmANikatA, bar3e varNI jI se nispRhatA aura paM0 devakInandanajI se sAmAjika kAryoM meM nipuNatA prApta kI hai / ye sabhI unake vizeSa guNa haiM / paMDita jI aneka saMsthAoM ke mArgadarzaka haiM, siddhAnta graMthoM ko vAcanA ke sarjaka haiM aura 'adhyAtma amRta kalaza ke puraskRta lekhaka hai| unake sAdhuvAda-prasaMga para mere zatazaH abhivAdana /

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AzIrvacana evaM zubhakAmanAe~ paNDita hIrAlAla jaina mantrI, digambara jaina vidvat pariSad, dillI paNDitajI anupama, anukaraNIya evaM durlabha vyaktitva ke dhanI haiN| unakI vicAradhArA, jIvanapaddhati evaM kAryapaddhati para unake pitAjI ke atirikta pUjya varNI jI evaM paM0 devakInandana jI kA vizeSa prabhAva hai| isase paNDita jI jJAnI to bane hI, sAtha hI sAtha utkRSTa samAja-sevI, dRr3ha zraddhAnI, saMsthA-poSaka, chAtra-sahAyaka, manomAlinya-dUraka evaM adhyAtma mArgI bane / vastutaH ve vyakti nahIM, eka saMsthA hai| ve samAja kI bIsavIM sadI ke jIvanta itihAsa haiN| merI unase prArthanA hai ki isI sadI ke jaina samAja kA itihAsa likhakara bhAvI pIr3hI ke liye preraNAsrota bneN| paNDita jI apUrvavaktA, parama munibhakta, Adarza samAja sevI haiN| ve pragatizIla bhI haiN| unhoMne hI vidizA ke seTha zitAbarAya lakhamIcandra jI ko gajaratha na calAkara dhavalAMdi granthoM ke prakAzana kA sujhAva diyA thaa| isase jinavANI kI anupama sevA huI hai| paNDita jI se merA lagabhaga pacAsa varSoM se sambandha hai| maiM unake sabhI AkarSaka rUpoM se paricita haiN| kaTanI ko kendra banAkara unhoMne jo akhila bhAratIyatA ajita kI vaha nayI pIr3hI ke liye prakAza-dIpa haiN| yaha sadaiva apanI AbhA vikheratA rhe| aNuvratoM ko pratimUtti DaoN. rAjarAma jaina ArA ___ yadi mahAn dArzanika pleTo, sukarAta, arastU, kanphyUziyasa evaM AcArya samantabhadra ke vyaktitva kI jhAMkI lenA ho, to Apa paM0 jaganmohanalAlajI ke darzana kara liijie| hai aisA koI tyAgI mahAzrAvaka, jisane apane parivAra ke bharaNa-poSaNa ke lie athaka parizrama kiyA ho, apane putroM ko suyogya banAne ke lie jisane ghora sAdhanA kI ho aura jaba ve apane-apane kAryoM meM laga kara samRddha ho gae hoM, aura vArdhakya ke dinoM meM vizrAmapUrvaka usake phala-bhoga kA jaba samaya A gayA ho, taba svayaM apanI AjJAkAriNI dharmapalI, priya pUtroM evaM bhadraprakRti-putravadhuoM ko chor3akara gahavirata parivrAjaka ke veza meM nikala par3A ho? "zramaNa-saMskRti tyAga kI saMskRti hai, bhoga kI nahIM", isa sUkti-vAkya ko unhoMne akSarazaH apane jIvana meM utArA hai| pUjya paNDitajI jisa prakAra sAmAjika jIvana meM satyaniSTha rahe, usI prakAra sAhityika jIvana meM bhii| unakA viSayavastu kA vizleSaNa, gUDha dArzanika vicAroM kA sodhI sAdI sarala-bhASA meM spaSTIkaraNa to prazaMsanIya hai hI, isake atirikta bhI zata-pratizata naitika ImAnadArI unakI una bhUmikAoM meM dRSTigocara hotI hai, jahAM unhoMne una vyaktiyoM ke prati bhI apanA AbhAra pradarzita kiyA hai, jinase parokSataH yatkiJcat bhI sahAyatA yA preraNA unheM milI hai| __ Aja paNDita jI niraticAra aNuvratoM kI sAkAra mUtti bana gae haiM / ve aise vizAla vaTavRkSa hai, jinakI zItala chAyA meM sabhI ko sukha-zAnti milatI hai, vidvAnoM kI preraNA milatI hai, chAtroM ko patha-pradarzana, sAdhana-vihInoM kA sahAyatA aura samasyAgrastoM ko samasyAoM kA samAdhAna / unake sAnnidhya meM aisA anubhava hotA hai jaise satayuga punaH lauTa AyA ho|

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paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha calatI phiratI jinavANI gulAbacandra puSpa TIkamagar3ha bha0 mahAvIra kI dezanA ko hRdayaGgama kara usake talasparzI jJAna dvArA jinavANI ke pracAra-prasAra evaM aneka granthoM ke prakAzana se ApakA jIvana svayaM hI calatI phiratI jinavANI bana gayA hai| merI kAmanA hai ki "yAvata caMdra divAkarau" samAja ko ApakA mArgadarzana prApta hotA rhe| anokhe vyaktitva ke dhanI dharmacanda sarAvagI bhUtapUrva pArSada evaM vidhAyaka, kalakattA saMyoga kI bAta hai ki 1944 meM paMDitajI bhI ratha-yAtrA dekhane kalakattA padhAre aura jaina-bhavana meM Thahare / paMDitajI ke vyAkhyAna kaI zAstra sabhAoM meM hue| use loga bahuta rUci lekara sunate the| paMDitajI kA vyaktitva bhI anokhA thA, khAdI pahane logoM ko bahuta prabhAvita karate the| saMyoga se 9 navambara 1944 ko merA vivAha taya huaa| donoM parivAra jaina the aura cAhate the ki jaina-paddhati se vivAha ho / usa samaya kalakatte meM vivAha karAne ke lie jaina paMDita upalabdha nahIM the| paMDitajI ne yaha vivAha binA kucha rUpaye-paise lie sundara DhaMga se karAyA aura maiM mAnatA hU~ ki usakA hI pariNAma hai ki dekhate-dekhate 45 varSa pUre hone ko Aye / hama donoM pati-patnI svastha rahakara jIvana-yAtrA aura dharma-karma Adi kA pAlana kara rahe haiM / yaha paMDitajI kI niHsvArtha sevA kA hI prabhAva hai / maiM vIra prabhu se prArthanA karatA hU~ ki unheM svastha rakhakara zantAyu kreN| sadAzayI paMDita jI sva0 zrI bharamala jaina jabalapura 1962 meM maiMne 'cInI cunautI aura hama' nAmaka apane jIvana kA prathama lekha jaina-sandeza ke tatkAlIna saMpAdaka zAstrI jI kI sevA meM prakAzanArtha, sasaMkoca, bhejA / merI AzA ke viparIta, vaha lekha prazaMsanIya saMpAdakIya TippaNI ke sAtha prakAzita haa| yaha mere lekhana ke lie paNDita jI kI parokSa preraNA thii| mere jaise aneka udIyamAna lekhakoM ke bhI ve preraka bane, yaha mujhe jJAta hai| merI unase ghaniSThatA bar3hatI gii| eka bAra maiM eka dhRSTatA kara baitthaa| paNDita jI prAyaH jabalapura Ate rahate the / maiMne eka bAra unheM do kilo supArI lAne ke lie nivedana kiyaa| dUsare dina maiMne dekhA ki paNDita jI supArI kA jholA liye mere ghara ke sAmane khar3e haiN| unakI isa sadAzayatA ke lie merA sira unake pavitra caraNoM meM jhuka gyaa| maiM unakI zata-zata vandanA karatA huuN|

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AzIrvacana evaM zubhakAmanAeM caMdanIya vibhUti paM0 nAthUlAla jI zAstrI indaura, ma0pra0 maiM paNDita jI ko mathurA saMgha ke adhyakSa manonIta hone ke samaya se 1946 se ho jAnatA huuN| una dinoM vahA~ jaina jyotiSa aura vedI pratiSThAna-sambandhI zikSaNa zivira Ayojita kiyA gayA thaa| isa zivira meM paNDita jI kA hI mArgadarzana thA, jo saphala rhaa| 1944 meM vIra zAsana mahotsava ke avasara para vidvata pariSada kI sthApanA meM bhI ApakA amogha yogadAna thaa| ApameM samyagjJAna aura samyak caritra kA sumela kAMcana-maNi saMyoga hai / uttama vicAraka evaM samAja-vyavahAra ke sUkSmajJa hone se unhoMne samAja, vyakti evaM paJcAyatoM ke aneka vivAda sulajhAye haiN| ApakA jaina saMskRti ke saMrakSaNa evaM saMvardhana meM mahAn yogadAna hai| ve AgamAnukUla Adhunika vicAra bhI prastuta karate haiN| samAja ke saMgaThana meM bAdhaka vartamAna saMgharSa ko dekhakara Apa cintita haiN| anuzAsana binA bahunAyakatva samAja ko kahA~ le jAyagA, yaha vicAraNIya hai| ve hamArI vandanIya vibhUti haiM / merI kAmanA hai ki ve vidvat-gaNa rUpI upavana ko sadaiva surabhita karate raheM / paravAra sabhA ke prANa dAdA nemIcaMdra jaina maMtrI, paravAra sabhA, jabalapura maiM paMDita jI se pichale pacAsa varSoM se bhI adhika samaya se paricita huuN| jAtIya sabhAoM ke nirmANa ke yuga meM paravAra sabhA kA bhI sUtrapAta huaa| yaha jAtIya itihAsa, vikAsa tathA hitoM ke saMrakSaNa ke sAtha hI jaina sAmAjikatA ke sudRDha karane kA bhI kAma karatI hai / isane paMDitajI ke mArgadarzana meM lagabhaga ardhazatI kA jIvana pAyA hai| isa saMparka se maiMne unase bahuta kucha sIkhA hai-saMgaThana-zakti, saMsthA-saMcAlana kalA aura samAja ko le calane kI cturaaii| unake ye guNa hama sabako bala deM, yahI hamArI maMgalakAmanA hai| kalAbAja paMDita jI paMDita jamanAprasAda zAstrI kaTanI, ma0pra0 maiMne paMDita jI ke mArgadarzana meM jaina zikSA saMsthA, kaTanI meM aneka dazakoM taka kArya kiyA hai| phalataH maiM paMDita jI ko bhItara aura bAhara-donoM dizAoM se jAnatA huuN| jaina samAja kI bhItarI jaTilatAoM se paMDita jI paricita haiM aura unase muskurAte hue nipaTanA una jaise kalAbAja kA hI kAma hai / unake sAtha aneka khaTTe-mIThe anubhava jur3e hue haiM para maiMne haMsa-kSIra-nyAya kA sahArA lekara unameM guNagarimA hI adhika pAI hai| maiM cAhatA hU~ ki unakA mArgadarzana hameM sanmArga para lagAye rakhe / maiM unakA AzIrvAda-abhilASI haiN|

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paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha gurutA ke gaurava devendra kumAra zAstrI pradhAna saMpAdaka, "jaina saMdeza" nImaca, ma0pra0 zrImad rAyacandra aura bar3e varNI jI se prabhAvita hone ke pazcAt yadi kisI jIvana se jur3a sakA hU~, to vaha pUjya bar3e paMDita jI kA hai| cAdara ke bhItara chipA huA unakA sarala jIvana saMbhavata: isaliye nikaTa A sakA hai ki usameM kahIM bhedabhAva yA durAva nahIM hai / vaha vAstavikatA aura yathArtha ke adhika nikaTa hai / maiM do dazaka pUrva unake samparka meM pahalI bAra aayaa| unakI yathArthatA aura spaSTatA se mujhe samAja meM vidyamAna durbhedI SaDyaMtroM kA AbhAsa huaa| paMDita jI zrAvakAcAra ke sajIva saMsthAna haiM, AtmadhyAna ke hitakara ciMtaka haiM, samAja ke yathArtha mArgadarzaka haiM, aneka saMsthAoM ke mUrtimAna cAlaka haiN| unase jainoM kA hI nahIM, jainetaroM kA bhI bhalA huA hai| Aja bhI paMDita jI meM bAlaka jaisI saralatA, nizchalatA, nyAyAdhIza-jaisI nyAyabuddhi, vaktA-jaisI vAkpaTutA, vyAkhyAkArajaisI vivecana zailI aura siddhAntakAra-jaisI dRr3hatA evaM sAhityakAra-jaisI saMvedanazIlatA lakSita hotI hai| unake dRSTAntoM evaM udAharaNoM meM gurutA kA bhAna karAne vAlI nidhi meM guNa hI rahe haiN| guru guru hI hote haiM-anubhava meM, yukti meM, kalA-kauzala meM-kahIM se bhI parakhiye, ve apanI gurutA se bharapUra mileNge| yaha ukti paMDita jI ke liye pUrNata: caritArtha hotI hai / aise guru kI gurutA ko zatazata namana / bar3e paMDita jI kA bar3appana DaoN. premasumana jaina udayapura maiM kaTanI vidyAlaya meM 1954-60 meM rhaa| vahAM se maiMne madhyamA pAsa kii| maiM paMDita jI kA atyaMta priya chAtra rahA / sabhI loga vahA~ paMDita jI ko 'bar3e paMDita jI' kahate the| yaha bAta merI samajha meM tabhI AI jaba maiMne unakA svayaM anubhava kiyaa| hama sabhI loga prAraMbha meM Adara aura bhaya ke kAraNa unako sammAna dete the, para dhIre-dhIre yaha sahaja rUpa pA gyaa| paMDita jI svayaM ko zikSA-saMsthA ke karmacArI yA pradhAnAdhyApaka nahIM, apitu usakA aMga evaM paryAya mAnate the| yahI kAraNa hai ki isa saMsthA ne itanI pratiSThA pAI aura Aja ke aneka pIr3hI ke vidvAn isake snAtaka haiM / mere sAtha ghaTita aneka ghaTanAyeM paMDita jI ke bar3appana kI nizAnI haiN|

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AzIrvacana evaM zubhakAnAe~ (a) par3hAI aura sAntvanA sAmAnyataH maiM anuzAsana aura adhyayana priya mAnA jAtA thA / para eka bAra maiM madhyamA antima ke kucha chAtroM ke pralobhana meM Akara unake sAtha do-do zo sinemA dekhane calA gyaa| zAma ko hamArI khoja huI aura hama sinemA hAla se pakar3a- bulAye gaye / jaise-taise rAta to kaTI para prAtaH kI kakSA ke bAda paMDita jI ne mujhe rokA aura mujhe 10-15 beMta lagAye / anya chAtroM kI koI sajA nahIM dI gyii| mujhe mana meM kAphI becainI rhii| para, rAta jaba maiM so rahA thA, to paMDita jI ne mujhe uThAyA aura sajA ke bAre meM pUchA "maiM sabase garIba hU~, merA koI bar3A riztedAra nahIM hai / isIliye mujhe sajA milI / " maiMne kahA / "tuma nahIM samajhe / anya lar3ake dhanI haiM, unheM Age par3hanA nahIM hai / unheM kisI bhI vyasana se koI aMtara nahIM par3atA / para tumheM to Age par3hanA hai, tuma abhI se vyasanoM meM phaMsa jAoge, to Age kaise bar3hoge ? tuma Adarza vidyArthI ho / maiM tumheM nahIM bigar3ane denA cAhatA / " ina vAkyoM se merI sArI pIr3A to gaI ho, mujhe paMDita jI ke aMtaraMga bar3appana ke darzana bhI hue / (ba) eka samaya meM cAra parIkSAyeM usa varSa maiMne zikSA-saMsthA ke niyamoM ke viruddha varSa meM cAra parIkSAoM ( dhArmika, vaidyavizArada, maiTrika, pUrva madhyamA ) ke phArma bhre| kisI ne isakI zikAyata paMDita jI se kara dI / unhoMne mujhase taiyArI ke bAre meM puuchaa| phira unhoMne kahA, "jJAna bar3hAne ke liye yadi niyamoM meM bAdhA bhI par3atI hai, to mujhe Apatti nahIM hai / " bAda meM jaba maiM cAroM parIkSAoM meM saphala rahA, to paMDita jI ne mujhe puraskRta bhI kiyaa| unhoMne kahA, "hama zikSaka to kIcar3a meM par3e hue patthara ke samAna haiM jo apane vidyArthiyoM ko bedAga nikAlatA hai aura burAI kA kIcar3a unheM nahIM lagane detA / apanI zikSA aura saMskAra se hamAre vidyArthI bedAga jIvana bitAyeM, yahI hamArI kAmanA hai / " 15 mujhe lagatA hai ki mere sAtha unake anya ziSyoM ne bhI unakI isa kAmanA kA smaraNa rakhA hai / isIlie ve Aja pratiSThita padoM para hai / (sa) sAdhana aura sAdhya kI zreSThatA kaTanI kI par3hAI samApta kara paMDita jI mujhe banArasa bhejanA cAhate the / para mere pAsa to utane paise nahIM the / usI samaya kAzI se eka vidyArthI Aye aura vinaya karane para unhoMne apanA riTarna kaMsezana mujhe diyA / maiMne jaba paMDita jI se yaha kahA, to ve nArAja hue aura kaMsezana lekara unhoMne mere sAmane hI phAr3a diyA / kahane lage "tuma banArasa nIti sIkhane jA rahe ho / usakI nIMva kyA isa anIti para rakhoge ? sAdhya kI zreSThatA ke liye sAdhana kI zreSThatA bhI cAhiye / " unake isa upadeza se maiM to nirAza ho gyaa| para kucha hI kSaNoM meM maiM kyA dekhatA hU~ ? paMDita jI ne apanI jeba se tIsa rupaye nikAle aura mujhe diye / bole, "lo, banArasa jaao| vahA~ se vidvAn bana kara lauTanA / " unake isa vAkya ne merI jIvana dhArA hI badala dii| maiM Aja jo kucha bhI hU~, unakA AzIrvAda hI hai / paMDita jI siddhAnta aura zAstra ke jJAna meM jitane bar3e hai, usase kahIM adhika sadAcAra aura vyavahAra meM unakA bar3appana antarnihita hai /

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paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha mere Agama-adhyayana ke preraNA strota bhuvanendra kumAra zAstrI bAMdarI, sAgara lagabhaga 1980 se A0 vidyAsAgara jI kI satpreraNA se Agama-vAcanA kA kArya varNI smAraka bhavana se prAraMbha huaa| maiM prativarSa isameM sammilita hotA huuN| bar3e paMDita jI se bhI merA anta: paricaya ina vAcanAoM meM hI huaa| unhoMne mere saMkocI svabhAva ko jijJAsu rUpa meM pariNata kiyA, Agama sAhitya upalabdha karAyA aura unameM gati bnaaii| ve isa prakriyA meM mere preraNA srota aura sthitikAraka bhI bne| yaha merA saubhAgya hai ki maiM bhI unake sahaja sneha, udAratA, sahabhAgitA kA pAtra bana skaa| paMDita jI ke jIvana kAla ke tIna anubhavoM ke rUpa meM maiM apanI vaMdanAMjali prastuta karanA cAhatA huuN| (a) satya kI vijaya 1921 meM kucha dinoM ke liye paMDita jI banArasa meM dharmAdhyApakI karate the| vahA~ ke tatkAlIna prabaMdhaka se unakA kucha matabheda rahatA thaa| usane paMDita jI ke viruddha chAtroM ko bhar3akA kara eka riporTa maMtrI jI ke pAsa bhijvaaii| maMtrI jI cakita hue aura jAMca karane Aye / sacamuca hI, kucha lar3akoM ne paMDita jI ke viruddha sAkSI dii| para usI samaya vahAM sAgara ke mA0 nAnakacaMdra jI bhI maujUda the| unheM smaraNa AyA ki Aropita tithi ko to unhoMne paMDita jI ko apane yahAM bulAyA thaa| unhoMne maMtrI jI se yaha batAyA, to ve prabaMdhaka para ruSTa hue aura paMDita jI se kSamA mAMgane lge| (ba) kaSTa saSTiNatA meM AnaMda eka bAra paMDita jI evaM DA. pannAlAla jI sAgara ko mahAvIra jayaMtI ke avasara para kisI bar3e nagara meM bhASaNa hetu AmaMtrita kiyA gyaa| bhASaNa ke bAda samAja ne basa meM baiThAkara sAgara kI ora ravAnA kara diyA / jaba sAgara 15-16 kimI0 raha gayA, taba basa phela ho gii| rAtri kA adhikAMza bhAga donoM ne sar3aka para leTa kara gujArA / prAtaH cAra baje prasanna mudrA meM unhoMne kahA, "pannAlAla, vistara bAMdho aura paidala clo|" donoM vareNya paMDita apanA sAmAna lAde subaha 7 baje sAgara pahu~ce / (sa) saMsthA ke kArya ke liye saMsthA ko hI kirAyA eka bAra pUjya varNI jI evaM eka saMsthA ke padAdhikAriyoM ke Agraha se paMDita jI binA pArizramika liye usa saMsthA ke eka kamare meM dharmazikSA pracAra-prasAra kI bhAvanA se chaha mahIne taka rhe| kAma pUrA hone para paMDita jI kaTanI vApasa A gye| kucha dinoM bAda ukta saMsthA ke maMtrI kA cha: mAha ke kamare ke kirAye kA patra aayaa| paMDita jI ne unheM likhA ki ve to saMsthA ke kAma se hI vahAM rahe the| isa patra kI upekSA kara saMsthA ne kirAye ke liye smaraNapatra diyaa| paMDita jI ne kirAyA bheja diyA aura unheM apanI samAja-sevA kA hI pratidAna denA pdd'aa|

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AzIrvacana evaM zubhakAmanAeM mere ArAdhya paMDita jI zrInmata seTha riSabhakumAra khuraI, ma0pra0 pUjya paMDita jI kA mere parivAra se mere pitA jI ke samaya se hI sAmAjika saMbaMdha rahA hai| maiMne to unakA paricaya 1944 meM hI pAyA jaba khuraI meM gurukula kI sthApanA huI thii| isake bAda to 1949 meM hama vyaktigata saMbaMdhI bhI ho gye| hamAre kuTuMba para paMDita jI kI kRpA, saMrakSaNa evaM mArga-darzana sadaiva bane rhe| eka bAra AcArya samaMtabhadra jI mahArAja ke cAturmAsa ke samaya paMDita jI bhI khuraI rahe the| taba mujhe paMDita jI kI agAdha vidvattA aura prabhAvI pravacana kSamatA ne mohita kiyaa| ___ san 1946 meM kuravAI meM gajaratha-mahotsava huaa| usa samaya paravAra sabhA kA adhivezana bhI huaa| maiM adhyakSa thA / mujhe smaraNa hai ki paMDita jI ne paMDita devakInaMdana jI ke sahayoga se kitanI nIti evaM caturatA se usa adhivezana meM dassAoM ke pUjana-adhikAra kA prastAva pArita karAyA thaa| samAja ke samakSa upasthita yaha jvalaMta prazna Tala hI nahIM pA rahA thaa| __jaina samAja meM prAyaH sabhI jagaha guTabaMdI aura pArTIbaMdI rahI hai / inake kAraNa kabhI-kabhI vyavadhAna aura saMgharSa kI sthiti paidA ho jAtI hai| unheM hala karane aura saMgharSa DhAlane meM paMDita jI meM jo caturatA aura kSamatA hai, vaha merI jAnakArI meM abhI kisI vidvAn meM nahIM hai| unhoMne aneka paMcAyatoM kI gutthiyA~ sulajhAI bhaura aneka lar3ate parivAroM meM sukha-zAMti sthApita kii| unakA gaina siddhAnta kA adhyayana niSpakSa evaM gUDha hai| vyavahAra kI samanvayamUlaka dhAraNA unake 'amRta kalaza' kI TIkA meM spaSTa jhalakatI hai| AgamAnusArI bane rahanA unakA utkRSTa guNa hai / ve jJAna ke sAtha caritra meM bhI sarvopari hai / jahA~ taka saMbhava hotA hai, ve kisI munirAja ke sAtha rahanA pasaMda karate haiM / merI paNDita jI para aTUTa zraddhA hai / bhagavAn se merI prArthanA hai ki hama sabake bIca rahakara dharma aura samAja kI rakSA karate rheN| cuMbakIya pravacanakAra evaM satsaMgI mAsTara ratana caMda jaina satanA ma0pra0 paNDita jI prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva ke mahAn jaina vidvAn haiM / ve isa vRddhAvasthA meM bhI jaba pravacana karate haiM to unakI amRtamayI vANI se hRdaya AhlAdita hotA hai aura mAnasika kleza dUra hotA hai / mithyAtva bhAgatA hai. bhAvanAyeM komala hotI haiN| kaTanI kI zikSA-saMsthA ke pradhAnAdhyApaka aura pravacanakAra paMDita jI kA vyaktitva kitanA cumbakIya thA, isa bAta kA anumAna isI se lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki mere pitAjI ne unakI kanyA binA dekhe hI paMDita jI se mAtra carcA kara hI mere vivAha kI svIkRti de dI thI, "ApakI kanyA meM Apase bhAdhe guNa to hoMge hii|"

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paM0 jagamohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha mujhe jabalapura meM seTha harizcandra sumeracaMdra ke makAna meM paMDita jI, phUlacaMda jI, devakInaMdana jI va kailAza caMda jI kI hAsa-parihAsa evaM vidvattApUrNa goSThI dekhane kA saubhAgya milaa| tabhI maiMne anubhava kiyA ki manuSya ko pUrNatA prApta karane ke liye mastiSka, hRdaya aura zrama-tInoM kI saMtulita samAyojanA Avazyaka hai / yahI to rAja patha hai, yahI triveNI hai / paMDita jI ko samAja ke sabhI vratI evaM sAdhujanoM kA satsaMga milA hai| yahI nahIM, vartamAna meM sabhI digaMbara jaina sAdhugaNa apanI zAstrIya zaMkAoM evaM pravRttiyoM ke saMbaMdha meM Apase carcA karate haiN| A0 vidyAsAgara jI ne to Apako ApAtakAlIna AgamajJa ke rUpa meM hI mAnyatA de rakhI hai| hamArI samAja kA ahobhAgya hai ki hama unake mArgadarzana meM raha rahe haiM / hama sabhI unake svastha aura svazAsI jIvana kI kAmanA karate haiN| prakAza aura USmA ke ajastra strota dazaratha jaina adhyakSa, khajurAho kSetra kameTI, chatarapura, ma. pra. paMDita jI kA nAma lete hI aisI bhavya aura saumya puruSAkRti sAmane AtI hai jisane jaina-vidyA kA samudra-maMthana kI bhAMti gahana adhyayana, ciMtana va manana kara na kevala triratna khoje, apitu unheM apane jIvana meM utArane kI ceSTa kii| unhoMne sadaiva satya ko avicalita rahakara nirbhIkatA evaM dRr3hatA ke sAtha abhivyakti dI aura AvazyakatA par3I to apane vizvAsa aura niSThAoM ke liye kaSTa bhI utthaaye| unheM AlocanAyeM vicalita nahIM kara sakIM aura pralobhana pathabhraSTa nahIM kara ske| adhyAtma kI marmajJatA se utpanna sva-para viveka evaM adhyayana-adhyApana kI vRtti ke phalasvarUpa unameM eka vizeSa naitika evaM AdhyAtmika nikhAra AyA hai jisase unakI prAmANikatA evaM vizvasanIyatA meM kalpanAtIta vRddhi huI hai| isI kAraNa sAdhujana, vidvajjana evaM zreSThijana kaThina samaya meM unakA parAmarza lenA ucita samajhate haiN| unakI bhASA bar3I saMyamita, sImita, madhura evaM spaSTa hotI hai| unhoMne aneka rUpoM meM samAja kI sevA kI hai| inameM jaina tIrthoM kI rakSA-vyavasthA evaM pragati meM yogadAna karanA bhI saMmilita hai| isa kArya meM ve jyotipuMja to rahe hI haiM, kAryakartAoM ke saMbala bhI rahe haiN| vastutaH ve prakAza aura USmA ke ajasra srota haiM aura unameM donoM kA sundara samanvaya najara AtA hai| paMDita jI aneka bAra khajurAho padhAre aura unhoMne sadaiva isa kSetra ke saMrakSaNa aura saMvardhana meM apanA yogadAna kiyA hai| 1969 meM sAhU zAMti prasAda jI khujarAho Aye the| usa samaya paMDita jI bhI padhAre the| ve paMDita jI ke bar3e bhakta the| yaha paMDita jI kI hI kRpA thI ki unake satparAmarza se sAhU jI ne khajurAho kSetra para saMgrahAlaya evaM dharmazAlA ke nirmANa ke lie svIkRti dI thii| ma0pra0 tIrthakSetra kameTI ke gaThana ke avasara para bhI paMDita jI yahA~ Aye aura unake catura satparAmarza se hI zrI devakumAra siMha kAzalIvAla kA adhyakSIya cunAva huA thaa|

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AzIrvacana evaM zubhakAmanAyeM paMDita jI na kevala 1981 ke gajaratha meM Aye, apitu unhoMne bilaharI se kSetra ko kalacuri-kAlIna jaina mUrtiyA~ dilAne meM bhI hamArI sahAyatA kii| isI avasara para paMDita jI ke 'adhyAtma amRta kalaza' kA A0 vidyAsAgara jI ke sAnidhya meM, vimocana huA thaa| 1982 meM muni pArzvasAgara-vivAda ke samaya bhI paMDita jI ke Agamana ne kSetra kameTI kA utsAha bar3hAyA thaa| usa samaya samAja se unhoMne kahA thA, "hama mahAvIra ke uttarAdhikArI haiN| vairAgya ke samaya unhoMne jo chor3A, use hamane grahaNa kiyA ( rAga, dveSa, kaSAya Adi ) aura jo unhoMne grahaNa kiyA, use grahaNa karane meM hama sadaiva katarAte rhe| tIrtha kSetroM para to hama binA lar3e raha hI nahIM sakate / mahAvIra ke nAma para yaha saba dUra honA cAhiye / " unake bhASaNa kA bar3A prabhAva par3A aura samasyA kSaNoM meM hI samApta ho gii| san 1983 meM bhI paMDita jI ne zAMtinAtha jinAlaya ke navIna pharza kA udghATana sAhU zreyAMsa prasAda jI kI upasthiti meM kiyA thaa| . khajurAhoM ke samAna bhArata ke samasta di. jaina tIrthoM ke saMrakSaNa va vikAsa meM paMDita jI sahAyaka rahe haiN| phira bhI, buMdelakhaMDa ke tIrthoM kI to unhoMne mahatI sevAyeM kI haiN| mujha jaise sAmAjika kAryakartA ko paMDita jI ke sneha aura AzIrvAda kA mahAn saMbala rahA hai| vaha sneha aura AzIrvAda sadaiva prApta hotA rahe, yahI vIra prabhu se kAmanA hai| eka niSThavratI vidvAn khuzAla caMdra gorAvAlA, kAzI gurutva ke dhanI Adhunika di0 jaina pANDitya ke srota pUjyavara zrI 105 guruvara gaNeza varNI mahArAja the| inhoMne svayaM prathama chAtra hokara vArANasI meM syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya kI sthApanA paM0 ambAdAsa zAstrI ke AcAryatva meM kI thii| yaha lokottara ghaTanA jaina samAja ke itihAsa meM yuga parivartana kA oMkAra thii| phalata: dekhate-dekhate svayaMbhU paMDita guru gopAla dAsa jI ke AcAryatva meM siddhAnta jaina vidyAlaya murainA ke AvirbhAva ne zrImAnoM ko isa dizA meM prerita kiyaa| isase indaura, sahAranapura Adi ke vidyAlayoM ke samAna saMsthAyeM sthApita huyI / isase AMcalika pAThazAlAoM ne bhI guruvara gaNeza varNI se preraNA pAI aura cAroM pradhAna vidyAlayoM ke lie chAtra-sahayoga diyaa| jaganmohanamaya jaina-jaga jAnI di0 jaina pANDitya kI dUsarI pIr3hI ke pramukha vidvAnoM meM se paM0 jaganmohana lAla jI ko madhya bhArata kyA, pUre bhArata ko dene kA zreya kaTanI ke vidyAlaya ko utanA hI hai jitanA ki paMDita jI ke aughar3a manasvI, atisAhasI tathA guruvara gaNeza varNI ke dIkSA guru gokula dAsa jI ko inheM kaTanI ke tatkAlIna saMbhrAnta sva0 dAdA jI ke di0 jaina parivAra meM milAne kA thaa| yaha gaNeza varNI ke dIkSAguru ke vyaktitva kA hI prabhAva thA ki

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20 paM0 jaganmohanadAsa zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha paMDita jaganmohana lAla jI ne AbhijAtya ekaniSThatA ke sAtha lambe vratI jIvana ko Atma nihnava ke sAtha sagaurava nibhAyA hai| sahAdhyAyI apane atisAhasI zArdUla paMDita sva0 rAjendra kumAra jI, AjIvana gurukulI, syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya tathA jinavANI ke athaka sAdhaka sva. paM0 kailAza candra jI tathA pravAhapatita mAravAr3I jaina samAja ke lie prakAza-stambha adamya sAhasI paM0 cainasukha dAsa jI ke samAna madhyabhArata kI vigata arddhazatI bhI paM0 jaganmohana lAla maya hai| jAgarUka draSTA di. jaina mahAsabhA ke amarAvatI adhivezana se Arabdha hrAsa yA saMkoca ke samAna paMDita jI ne jAtIya sabhAoM ke Arambha ko unmana hokara dekhA hai| zikSA-saMsthAoM ke vikAsa aura kSINatA ko bhI ve 'kAla: kalirvA kaluSAzayo vA' mAnane ke sAtha-sAtha aMtarmukha ho jAte haiN| ve kahate haiM ki 'kahIM hama logoM se hI koI bhUla to nahIM huI hai jo apane sAmane hI inakA kRSNapakSa dekhane ko vivaza haiN|' kintu unakI kalpanA hai ki inake sAtha bhI duSamAsuSamAdi calate haiN| isI kalpanA ke bala para unake saguNa sahayogI socate haiM ki syAdvAda tathA siddhAnta vidyAlayoM meM hI nahIM, apitu sAgara, kaTanI, sADhUmala pAThazAlAdi meM bhI "aIhai phaira vasanta Rtu, ina DAlana pai phuul|" avazya hogaa| pradarzana-pracAra se pare apanI dainaMdina caryA ke samAna di0 jaina samAja tathA dezacintA bhI paMDita jI ke nityakRtya haiN| samAja kI bahirmukhatA, pradarzana, vyaktitva prakAza tathA kolAhalamaya AyojanoM ko bhI ve dezagata vartamAna sthiti kA prabhAva mAnate haiN| ve mAnate haiM ki bhArata phira bhArata hogA tathA zramaNa nahIM; apitu zramaNa-sampradAya bhI bhArata kI mUla bAtya-saMskRti kA anukaraNa karake Adarza nAgarikatA arthAt icchAparimANa kA Adarza upasthita kreNge| ve apanI isa mAnyatA kA upadeza na dekara ise apane AcaraNa dvArA pratiSThita karate haiN| yahI kAraNa hai unake samparka meM eka bAra Ane para, vyakti aura samaSTi unake agAdha siddhAnta jJAna, prabhAvaka vaktRtA tathA prazAnta vyaktitva se abhibhUta hokara kahatA hai ki maiMne pahile samparka meM na Akara apanI apAra hAni hI kI hai| vivekI vratI pUjyavara AcArya zrI 108 samantabhadra mahArAja ko bhI inake jJAna tathA AcaraNa ko dekha kara 'bhavanti bhavyeSu hi pakSapAta:' ho gayA thaa| AcAryazrI ne kahA "paMDita jI pratimA bddh'aaiye|" paMDita jI kA vinamra nivedana thA "mahArAja, grahIta hI niravadya nahIM nibhtiiN| Age kaise bddhuuN|" lagatA hai ki guruvara gaNezavarNI ke pairoM kI asamarthatA ke samAna tyAga meM bhI vahI Adarza hai jo inake guru ke dIkSA guru kA thaa| virakti kA uttarottara varddhamAna vikAsa jJAna, dhyAna tathA icchA-nirodha meM hone para hI saMbhava hai| isa vyaktitva kA cirakAla taka hameM sAnnidhya rahe, isa kAmanA ke sAtha savaMdanA zata-zata praNAma /

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AzIrvacana evaM zubhakAmanAeM virodhAbhAsI guru ko zata zata bandana DaoN. sudarzana lAla jaina rIDara, hindU vizvavidyAlaya, kAzI (1) nAma meM virodhAbhAsa-'jaganmohana' zabda ke cAra artha saMbhava haiM-(1) jo jagat ko mohita kare ( jagat svAkarSakaguNAdibhiH zarIrAdibhirvA mohayatIti jaganmohanaH ) / (2) saMsAra meM kAmadeva ke samAna mohana svabhAvI ( jagati mohanavat kAmavat mohanaH jaganmohanaH ) / (3) jise jagat se moha nahIM hai, aisA vItarAgI ( jagati moho nAsti yasya saH jaganmohanaH ) / (4) jagat ke prANiyoM ke lie zivasvarUpa kalyANakArI ( jagate mohanaH zivaH kalyANakaraH etannAmako devo vA jaganmohanaH ) / ina cAra zabda-vyutpattiyoM meM se prathama do unake sarAgIpana ko sUcita karatI haiM jabaki aMtima do unake vItarAgabhAva ko prakAzita karatI haiN| vastuta: apekSA bheda ( naya bheda ) se ve bAhara se sarAgI ( gRhastha ) aura andara se vItarAgI ( sAdhaka ) haiM / hindU purANoM meM eka kathA AtI hai| jaba samudra-manthana se amRta nikalA, to use pAne ke lie deva aura rAkSasa donoM meM chInA-jhapaTI hone lgii| taba bhagavAn viSNu ne rAkSasoM ko Thagane ke lie 'mohanI' kA rUpa dhAraNa karake amRta ko rAkSasoM se bacAkara devoM ko diyA thaa| isI taraha paM0 jaganmohana ne rAkSasarUpI karmazatruoM ko Thagane ke lie apanA jaganmohana rUpa banAkara unheM ThagA aura apanI deva-tulya jJAna cetanA ko jAgRta kiyaa| (2) kArya kSetra meM virodhAbhAsa-jisa prakAra nAma meM virodhAbhAsa dikhatA hai, usI prakAra kArya kSetra meM bhI virodhAbhAsa dikhatA hai / jaise--prakAza nahIM parantu samAja ke prakAzastambha haiM, trizalAnandana (bhagavAn mahAvIra) nahIM, parantu trizalAnandana-pathAnugAmI haiM, mRga nahIM, parantu kastUrI (prathama patnI kA nAma, jinase san 1922 meM vivAha thA) ko dhAraNa karate haiM, phUla nahIM parantu phUlamatI (dvitIya patnI kA nAma jinase san 1934 meM vivAha huA thA) se samalaMkRta haiM, mohana ( kAmadeva yA kAmadeva kA vANa ) nahIM, parantu jaganmohana haiM, gokula nahIM parantu gokulaprasAda ratna ( paM0 jI ke pitA kA nAma ) haiM, amara ( deva ) nahIM, parantu amaracandra ( paM0 jI ke putra ) ke janaka haiM, deva nahIM parantu devadvaya ( paM0 jI ke do putra ) se pUjita haiM, bhagavAn RSabha nahIM parantu RSabha-kSamA (paM0 jI kI putravadhU, bha0 RSabha dvArA pratipAdita kSamA guNa ke dhAraka ) se vibhUSita haiM, rAjanetA nahIM parantu rAjanIti niSNAta haiM, palaTa svabhAvI nahIM; parantu palaTUrAma jI (paM0 jI ke hitaiSI ) ke bhakta haiM, bha0 gautama buddha nahIM parantu siddhArtha (paM0 jI kA putra ) ke pitA haiM, ratnAkara ( samudra ) nahIM parantu guNaratnoM ke Akara haiM, AkAza nahIM parantu zazidvaya ( indu aura zazi ye do kanyAyeM haiM, zazi putravadhU bhI hai ) se veSTita haiM, brahmacArI ( brahmacarya pratimAdhArI ) haiM parantu muktiramA ke cirAliGgana ke abhilASI haiM, karmaTha ( bha0 pArzvanAtha para upasarga karane vAlA ) nahIM, parantu karmaTha haiM, tyAgI nahIM parantu rAgadveSa ke tyAgI haiM ( tyAga para padArtha kA hotA hai, sva kA nhiiN| ataH koI bhI tyAgI nahIM hai| parantu vyavahAra naya se rAgadveSa ke tyAgI haiN|) (3) vividha guNoM ke Akara-jaise dIpAvalI meM nagara vividha dIpamAlAoM se suzobhita hotA hai, vaise hI unake caitanya nagara meM aneka guNamAlAoM kA sadA nivAsa hai| inhIM guNoM ke kAraNa Apa gAr3hAndhakAra meM dIpaka haiM, vipatti meM bandhu haiM, duHkha rUpI samudra meM naukA haiM, aura samasyAoM ke sulajhAne meM mantrazakti sampanna haiM / inake atirikta, syAdvAda kI sAkSAt pratimUrti, samAja sudhAraka, antarjAtIya vivAha samarthaka, ekatA ke abhilASI,

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paM0 jaganmohanadAsa zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha teraha-bIsa pantha meM samajhautAvAdI, vidvatpariSad ke prANa, di0 jaina saMgha ke prANa pratiSThApaka, samudravat gambhIra, saumyamUrti, anuzAsana priya, sAdagI kI mUrti, zAnti patha ke pathika, udAra evaM sarala hRdaya, tarka vAgIza, saMskRtaprAkRta Adi bhASAoM ke udbhaTa vidvAn, zAnti niketana ( kaTanI vidyAlaya ) ke niketana, svAdhyAya premI, kuzala pravaktA, AgamajJa, vividha patra-patrikAoM ke mArgadarzaka, jaina saMdeza ke bhUtapUrva sampAdaka, aneka saMsthAoM ke sakriya kAryakartA, aneka puraskAroM evaM sammAna patroM se sammAnita, dezapremI, rAjanIti niSNAta, chAtroM ke hitaiSI tathA sarvadharma samanvayavAdI zrAvakadharmapradIpa (grantha ke anuvAdaka) ke pradIpaka, zrAvakAcAra sAroddhAra (grantha ke anuvAdaka) ke uddhAraka tathA adhyAtma amRta kalaza svAtmabodhinI kI praznottarI TIkA ke racayitA hai| (4) sapta saMkhyA se sambandha-sAtaveM tIrthaGkara supArzva nAtha kI janma bhUmi syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya kAzI meM adhyayana karane ke kAraNa Apa meM sapta saMsthA kA praveza kara gyaa| phala svarUpa Apa sAta pratimAdhArI, sapta vyasana tyAgI, sAta bandhuoM aura putroM se putravanta, sAta nayoM ke jJAtA, saptabhaGgI ke vyAkhyAtA, sAta sthAnoM se vizeSa sambandhita (zahaDola, kaTanI, mathurA, sAgara, morenA, kAzI aura kuNDalapura), saptama varSa meM mAtR viyogI, sAta karmoM (Ayu karma chor3akara) kA pratikSaNa prakRti bandha aura pradeza bandha karate hue bhI sthiti aura anubhAgabandha se virakta ho ge| (5) parivAra maMDala-jo dhanya kumAra jaise anuja sahayogI se satata pariveSTita ho, vaha svayaM kyoM na dhanya ho ? jo nAma aura guNoM se indu aura zazi nAmaka candravadanA kanyAoM kA janaka ho, vaha svayaM AhlAdakatA sundaratA, zItalatA Adi candra guNoM se kyoM na paripUrNa ho ? pramoda aura vinoda se yukta amaracanda, devacanda, devakumAra jaise suragaNoM kA jo janaka ho, vaha siddhArtha kA janaka kyoM na ho ? kSamA, samatA, mamatA kI mInA se jar3ita tathA zazi pratibimbita guNamAlA se jisake putra samalakRta ho, vaha svayaM kyoM na guNoM-ratnoM kI nidhi ho ? (6) kaTanI aura kuMDalapura nivAsa meM hetu-jaise kisAna phasala ke taiyAra hone para kaTanI karatA hai, vaise hI jJAnArjana ke bAda ratnatraya rUpI phasala kI kaTanI karane ke lie kaTanI meM hI ramane vAle, athavA jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kI kaTanI phaTanI karake jJAnasvabhAvI AtmA kI rakSA karane hetu kaTanI ko kAryakSetra cunane vAle, athavA dUsaroM ke ajJAnAndhakAra ko kATane hetu kaTanI ko nivAsa sthAna banAne vAle, athavA ratnatraya kI karanI aura karmoM kI kaTanI meM nizcaya-vyavahAra naya ke dvArA samanvaya karane kI icchA se kaTanI ko hI kArya kSetra cunane vAle guruvarya ne kaTanI ko hI raNabhUmi bnaayaa| jaise kuNDala se kAna alaGkRta hotA hai, usI prakAra mahAvIra rUpI kuNDala se alaGkRta siddha kSetra kuNDalapura kA Azraya hI sacce alaGkAra kA sAdhana hai, aisA jAnakara pIche kuNDalapura meM ho lavalIna ho ge| aise svanAma dhanya vItarAgI, ApAtataH virodhAbhAsI parama pUjya guruvayaM ko merA zata zata vandana jinake padArpaNa se na kevala unakA janma sthala zahaDola grAma dhanya hai, apitu samasta bhUmaNDala dhanya hai|

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jaina vidvata saMgoSTa 7.8 sitambara 1982 bhAratIya jJAnapIThalI zrI AcArya zAnnisAga bamba tatvAvA ayori jaina vidvata goSThI, bambaI, 1982 meM paNDitajI kA abhinandana taraddhabA adhivezana bInA karahA digambara jaina vidvat pariSada, bInA bArahA ke adhivezana (1978) meM paNDitajI Ein Education International

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mahAmastakAbhiSeka ke avasara para zravaNabelagola meM paNDitajI, 1981 sahese Researt mulA Bene bhI TIMR.RUM.IN nuhAyA .. 4-0 . Resow.mhar / borakara (a) paNDitajI kI sAmAnya lipi (ba) svataMtratA AMdolana ke samaya saMprasAraNa kI gUr3ha lipi, 1921 (kAzI) paNDitajI ke ananya sahayogI zrI dhanya kumAra siMghaI, kaTanI

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khaNDa 1 paNDita paramparA aura paNDita jI (3T) paNDita paramparA

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jo madyapAyo vaidya ko, kuzikSita nara ko, mUrkha saMnyAsI ko, kAyara yoddhA ko, vegarahita azva ko, kuladhvaMso putra ko, kumantriyoM se ghire rAjA ko, upadravasahita deza ko, yauvana ke garva ko aura para-puruSI strI ko chor3ate hai, ve paMDita haiN| sarvopayogI zlokasaMgraha

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prAcIna bhArata kI vaidika paMDita paramparA DaoN. natthUlAla gupta zikSA adhikArI, kendrIya vidyAlaya saMgaThana, bhopAla bhArata jina vividha sAMskRtika upAdAnoM ke kAraNa vizva meM gurupada para adhiSThita rahA, unameM bhArata kI svarNima AcArya-paramparA kA apanA viziSTa sthAna hai| Aja ke kampyUTara-yuga meM zikSA ke kSetra meM, cAhe jitane bemisAla vaijJAnika upakaraNoM kA pracalana kiyA gayA ho, kintu guru kI aparihAryatA sadiyoM se pratiSThita rahI hai| zAstroM kA kathana hai ki AcArya ke upadeza ke bala para hI ziSya ke hRdaya meM jJAna aMkurita evaM pallavita hotA hai| ataH jJAna ke kSetra meM, vizeSataH parA evaM aparA vidyA ke kSetra meM AcArya kI aparihAryatA cirakAla se rahI hai| AcArya ke isa gurutva ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI bhAratIya paramparA use, samyak Adara aura pratiSThA pradAna karatI rahI hai| AcArya kI pratiSThA kA pramukha kAraNa thA-usakA garimAmaya caritra / ve sadAcaraNa ko na kevala vidyArthiyoM meM sthApita karate the. apitu svayaM bhI apanI vidyA ke anukUla AcaraNa karate the / vartamAna AcArya pahalI bAta meM saceSTa hai, kintu dUsarI ke prati udAsIna / isIlie usake upadeza kAragara nahIM ho pA rahe haiN| ve yamaniyamazIla hokara satata zAstrAbhyAsa ke dvArA vividha zAstroM kA rahasyodghATana karate the| vAyupurANa ke nimna svayamAcarati yasmAd AcAraM sthApayatyapi / Acinoti ca zAstrArthAn yamaiH saMniyamairyutaH // kathana se spaSTa hai ki AcAryatva prApti ke lie sadAcaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha zAstroM kA gahana AloDana bhI anivArya thaa| aisA karane se hI unameM zAstropapatti kI kSamatA AtI thI aura ve AcAryatva se vibhUSita hote the| ziSTatA AcArya kA eka anivArya lakSaNa thaa| binA ziSTatA ke koI AcArya nahIM mAnA jAtA thaa| 'vidyA vinayena zobhate' yaha ukti isI tathya kA phalitArtha haiN| vAstavikatA yaha thI ki ziSTatA ke binA vidyA-prApti asambhava mAnI jAtI thii| vinaya ke binA zraddhA nahIM aura binA zraddhA ke jJAna lAbha nhiiN| isIliye to gItA kI ukti hai-"zraddhAvAMllabhate jJAnam / " ziSTatA kA ghaniSTa sambandha adhyetA athavA adhyApaka ke AcaraNa se mAnA jAtA thaa| dambha, darpa, krodha, moha, ahaMkAra, mAtsarya Adi durguNoM se rahita vyakti ko hI ziSTa kahA gayA hai| zukranIti ke anusAra mImAMsA, nyAya, vedAnta, vyAkaraNa meM tatpara, tarka kA jJAtA, bodha karAne meM samartha aura tattva kA jJAtA zAstravita hotA hai kintu jo vyakti veda kA jJAtA aura zruti-smRti, purANoM ke paThana-pAThana meM samartha ho, use zrutajJa kahA gayA hai| mahAkAvya-yuga meM hameM zAstravit aura zratajJa ke bIca koI vyAvataMka rekhA nahIM dikhAI pdd'tii| eka hI vyakti zrutajJa evaM zAstrajJa-donoM hote the / vAstava meM aise manISI AcAryatva ke adhikArI hote the| aise AcArya kI sevA karake veda kA marma samajhakara sAdhaka iSTa-prApti meM saphala hotA thaa| manu ne isa brAhmaNa ko AcArya kahA hai jo ziSya kA yajJopavIta saMskAra karake use kalpa (yajJavidyA) tathA rahasyoM (upaniSadoM) ke sahita vedazAkhA par3hAve / jo jovikArtha veda ke ekadeza (maMtra tathA brAhmaNa bhAga) ko tathA vedAGgoM (zikSA, kalpa, vyAkaraNa, nirukta, jyotiSa aura chandazAstra) ko par3hAve, use 'upAdhyAya' kahA hai / vahA~ saMskAra karAne vAle

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26 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa karmakAMDI ko 'guru' kahA gayA hai| manusmRti meM AcArya athavA upAdhyAya brAhmaNa ko hI kahA gayA / mahAkAvya yuga meM vizeSataH mahAbhArata meM vidyA ke kSetra meM varNa-bandhana zithila hI pratIta hote haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki hama parazurAma, droNa, kRpa jaise brAhmaNoM meM adbhuta kSAtra-bala pAte haiM, to bhISma, yudhiSThira jaise kSatriyoM meM apUrNa brAhmateja kI jhAMkI pAte haiN| mahAbhArata meM dvijoM ke atirikta anya vargoM ke bhI ucca zikSA-prApti se sambaddha ullekha prApta hote haiN| zikSA-kSetra meM aneka nimnakUlotpanna vidvAna apane prakhara pANDitya ke kAraNa prakhyAta the| inameM zUdrAgarbhotpanna vidura, sUtajAtIya saMjaya, lomaharSaNa Adi ullekhanIya haiN| mahAbhArata meM aisI aneka, rAjakanyAoM kA ullekha hai jinakA vivAha RSiyoM se huA thA / cyavana RSi ko rAjakanyA sukanyA aura gautama ko ahalyA byAhI gaI thii| aneka RSi-kanyAoM ne kSatriya rAjAoM kA varaNa kiyA thaa| asurAcArya zukra kI kanyA devayAnI ne yayAti kA, kaNva kI pAlitA putrI ne duSyanta kA varaNa kiyA thaa| aise udAharaNa bhI isa tathya ke jJApaka haiM ki RSi athavA AcArya varga ke prati logoM meM asIma zraddhA thii| rAjakIya aizvarya meM palI rAjakanyAe~ bhI RSiyoM ke sAtha sAdagIpUrNa jIvana bitAne meM gaurava kA anubhava karatI thiiN| rAjA zaryAti kI suputrI sukanyA apane vRddha evaM netrahIna pati cyavana kI sevA apramatta hokara karatI thii| AcAryatva ke sopAna ___ pANini ne cAra prakAra ke zikSakoM kA ullekha kiyA hai-AcArya, pravaktA, zrotriya aura adhyApaka / inameM AcArya kA sthAna sarvocca thaa| AcArya ko hI ziSya ke upanayana kA adhikAra thaa| mahAbhArata meM ina cAroM prakAra ke zikSakoM kA ullekha milatA hai| ina cAroM prakAra ke zikSakoM kI pratiSThA bhI vaisI hI thI jaisI ki pANini-kAla meM / mahAbhArata meM RSi sanatsujAta kA kathana hai ki jaise yatnapUrvaka muMja ke bhItara se sIMka nikAlI jAtI hai, vaise hI bhautika deha ke bhItara nigUr3ha Atmatattva kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA jAtA hai| bhautika zarIra to mAtA-pitA se mila jAtA hai, kintu satya ke saMsAra meM nayA janma kevala AcArya kI kRpA se hotA hai / manu ne zikSakoM ko tIna koTiyoM-AcArya, upAdhyAya aura guru kA pUrvokta paribhASAnusAra nirUpaNa kiyA hai|" manu kI dRSTi meM AcArya kA mahattva upAdhyAya kI apekSA dasagunA hai-"upAdhyAyAndazAcArya" / vedAdhyApana ke stara ke anusAra mahAbhArata meM zikSakoM kI tIna zreNiyoM kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai-chandovit, vedavit aura vedyavit / jo bahupAThI, padakrama, jaTA, ghana Adi kI rIti se vedoM ko kaNThastha karate the, unheM chandovit kahA jAtA thaa| dUsarI koTi meM ve vidvAna Ate the jo SaDaMga veda kA arthasahita adhyayana adhyApana karate the| ve madhyama koTi ke vidvAn mAne jAte the, jinheM vedavita kahA gayA hai| zreSTha koTi ke vidvAn vedyavita the jo jAnane yogya parama tattva ko jAnate the| ye vedyavita koTi ke vidvAn hI AcArya kahalAte the| isase spaSTa hai ki korA veda-parAyaNa nahIM, apitu vedoM ke mAdhyama se satya kA sAkSAtkAra karanA saccI vidvattA kI kasauTI thii| RSi aura AcArya yAska ne RSi ko 'sAkSAtkRtadharmA' kahA hai| RSi kA lakSaNa batAte hue ve kahate haiM ki jo abhISTa padArthoM kA sAkSAtkAra karate haiM, ve RSi kahalAte haiN| ye unheM upadeza dete haiM jo sAkSAtkArI nahIM hote|" kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki kevala bedAbhyAsa karAne se hI koI RSitva ko nahIM prApta karatA thA, apitu una veda-RcAoM ke pIche jinakI apanI tapasyA aura AtmAnubhava hotA thA, ve hI sahI artha meM 'RSi' padavAcya hote the| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate hai ki sabhI RSi AcArya mAne jAte the, kintu sabhI AcArya 'RSi' pada se suzobhita nahIM hote the / Rgveda ke dUsare maNDala se sAtaveM maNDala taka pratyeka maNDala ke mantradraSTA RSi eka hI parivAra ke haiM / ina RSiyoM meM kramazaH gRtsamada, vizvAmitra, vAmadeva, atri, bharadvAja, vasiSTha athavA inake vaMzajoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai|

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prAcIna bhArata kI vaidika paMDita paramparA 27 aSTama maNDala ke adhikAMza RSi kaNva parivAra ke haiN| prathama, navama tathA dazama maNDala ke mantra draSTA RSiyoM meM vividha parivAra ke RSiyoM ke samAveza hai| ina RSiyoM ke cAritrika vaiziSTaya kI jhAkiyAM hameM vedoM meM vibhinna sthaloM meM dikhAI detI hai| inake vaibhava ko sUrya ke vaibhava ke samAna pUrNa aura unakI mahimA ko sAgara ke samAna gambhIra batAyA gayA hai| isake sAtha hI aise sandarbho kI bhI kamI nahIM, jahAM ye RSi (jinheM paravartI sAhitya meM sarvajJa nirUpita kiyA gayA hai ) apane jJAna kI sImA svIkAra karate haiM athavA mAnavIya durbalatA ke zikAra hote haiM / 17 kavi yA AcArya prAcIna granthoM se 'kavi' zabda kA prayoga kahIM-kahIM ramaNIyArtha-pratipAdaka zabdoM ke sRjanakartA ke rUpa meM na hokara eka dArzanika, nItijJa, krAntidarzI evaM zAstrakAra ke rUpa meM huA hai / yadi kavi zabda kA artha kAvyapraNetA hI hotA, to gItA meM 'kavInAm uzanA kaviH' ke sthAna para zAyada 'kavInAM vAlmIki kaviH' kA prayoga hotA / mahAbhArata meM nItijJatA evaM zAstrajJAna ke kSetra meM zukrAcArya kI zreSThatA svIkAra karate hue hI unheM zreSTha kavi kahA gayA hai / mahAbhASya18 meM isI artha meM pANini ko kavi kahA gayA hai| Rgveda meM aneka sthAnoM para kavi zabda kA prayoga mantradraSTA RSi ke lie bhI huA hai| mahAbhArata meM zAstravacanoM ke lie 'kAvyAM giraH29, 'kAvyAM vAcaM'" jaise padoM kA prayoga aneka bAra hA huA / Aja bhI Ayurveda ke niSNAta AcArya apane nAma ke Age 'kavirAja' kA prayoga karate haiN| saptaSi aura AcArya mahAbhArata meM arjuna ko upadeza dete hue kRSNa kahate haiM ki sAta maharSijana (saptarSi), cAra unase bhI pUrva hone vAle sanakAdi tathA svAyambhuva Adi caudaha manu-ye saba mere saMkalpa se utpanna hue haiM / 22 ina saptarSiyoM ke lakSaNa batAte hue vAyupurANa meM kahA gayA hai ki kSamA, satya, dama, zama, samatA Adi bhAvoM kA jo adhyayana karane vAle haiM, ve RSi mAne gaye haiN| ina RSiyoM meM saptagunI dIrghAyu, mantrakartA, aizvaryavAn, divyadRSTiyukta, guNa-vidyA aura Ayu meM vRddha, dharma kA sAkSAtkAra karane vAle aura gotra calAne vAle sAta gotra RSiyoM ko hI saptarSi kahate haiN| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki ye saptarSi pratyeka manvantara meM bhinna-bhinna hote haiN| mahAbhArata ke zantiparva meM jina pramukha vedAcAryoM kA parigaNana saptarSiyoM meM kiyA gayA hai, ve marIci, atri, pulastya, pulaha, Rtu aura vasiSTha hai / 24 vedoM ke AcArya catardaza athavA aSTAdaza vidyAoM meM vedoM kA sthAna pramukha hai| veda-vedAMgoM meM pAraMgata honA pANDitya athavA AcAryatva kI prApti ke lie Avazyaka samajhA jAtA thA / ataH prAyaH sabhI AcArya vedavid the| kintu mahAbhArata meM upa. ryukta sAta mukhya vedAcAryoM kA ullekha yaha jJApita karatA hai ki vAstavika rUpa meM vedAcArya vahI kahalAtA thA jo vedanihita satya kA sAkSAtkAra kara letA thaa| kevala vedapAThI brahmaNa vedAcArya kahalAne ke adhikArI na the| vaidika sAhitya meM hameM jina RSiyoM ke nAma upalabdha hote haiM, unake prathama cAra sampradAya batAye gaye hai-RSi, RSikA, RSiputra aura maharSi / 25 inakA mUla abhidhAna 'muni' thaa| ataH RSi-muniyoM ko AcAryoM kI koTi meM ginanA sarvathA saMgata hai| AcAryatva ke pratimAnoM ko purassRta evaM sthApita karane vAloM meM ye agraNI rahe hai| sAMkhyAcArya yAjJavalkya-vizvAvasu-saMvAda meM sAMkhyazAstra ke AcAryoM ke nAmoM kA parigaNana kiyA gayA hai| gandharva vizvAvasu yAjJavalkya se kahate haiM ki paMcaviMza (sAMkhya) kA adhyayana unhoMne yAjJavalkya ke atirikta jaigISavya, ArSagaNya, bhikSu paMcazikha, kapila, zuka, gautama, ASTiSeNa, garga, nArada, Asuri pulastya, sanatkumAra aura zukra ke samAna anya AcAryoM se bhI

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28 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa kiyA thA / 26 paM0 udayavIra zAstrI ke 'sAMkhyadarzana kA itihAsa' zIrSaka grantha meM sAMkhyadarzana ke 32 AcAryoM ke parigaNana meM uparyukta AcArya bhI sammilita haiM / dharmazAstra ke praNetA yAjJavalkya smRti ke Arambha meM pratiSThita dharmazAstra - prayojakoM kI saMkhyA bIsa batAI gaI hai| inameM manu, atri, viSNu, hArIta, yAjJavalkya, uzanA (zukrAcArya), aGgirA, yama, Apastamba, saMvarta, kAtyAyana, bRhaspati, parAzara, vyAsa, zaMkha, likhita, dakSa, gautama, zAtAtapa aura vasiSTha kA samAveza hai / pArAzara smRti meM bhI lagabhaga ina sabhI dharmazAstrakAroM kA ullekha huA haiM | kRSNadvaipAyana vyAsa apane pitA parAzara se kahate haiM ki unhoMne manu, vasiSTha, kazyapa, gargAcArya, gautama, zukra, atri, viSNu, saMvarta, dakSa, aMgirA ke dvArA racita dharmazAstroM ko sunA hai / isI prakAra zAtAtapa, hArIta, yAjJavalkya, zaMkha, kAtyAyana Adi dvArA racita granthoM kA zravaNa kiyA hai / 20 vAstukalA ke AcArya matsyapurANa" meM aThAraha vAstuzAstropadezakoM ke nAmoM kA parigaNana huA hai-bhRgu, atri, vaziSTha, vizvakarmA, maya, nArada, nagnajit, vizAlAkSa, purandara, brahmA, nadIza, zaunaka, garga, aniruddha, zukra aura bRhaspati Adi / inameM se prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM kA ullekha mahAbhArata meM vividha sandarbhoM meM huA hai / AcArya evaM paNDita uparokta vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki AcArya, guru, upAdhyAya Adi zabdoM kA viziSTa sambandha vedArtha-grahaNa kI gahanatA evaM adhyayana-adhyApana ke vividha prakAroM se thA, kintu 'paNDita' zabda se vedAdi zAstroM ke adhyayana-adhyApana ke atirikta laukika viveka bhI samAhita thA / jaise Aja par3he-likhe 'mUrkha' pAye jAte haiM, vaise usa samaya bhI the, inakI saMkhyA bhale hI Aja jaisI adhika na rahI ho / 'cAra buddhimAna mUrkhoM kI kathA' (mUrkhacatuSTayakathA ) isI yathArtha kI ora saMketa karatI hai ki korA zAstrIya jJAna saphala lokayAtrA hetu paryApta nahIM hai / 'paNDita' ke lie 'prAjJa' zabda kA bhI prayoga milatA hai / jisa vyakti meM zAstrIya jJAna ke atirikta pApa-puNya kA viveka; zubha-azubha, apane parAye, kathya-akathya, grAhyaagrAhya Adi kI pahacAna; sukha-duHkha, jaya-parAjaya, sampatti - vipatti meM samabuddhi, vinaya, satya evaM saMyata bhASaNa Adi guNa hoM, use 'prajJAvAn' yA 'prAjJa' kahate the / bhIma Adi viziSTa pAtroM / vastutaH rAmAyaNa evaM mahAbhArata jaise mahAkAvyoM meM vasiSTha, vAlmIki, yudhiSThira, ke lie 'mahAprAjJaH' vizeSaNa prayukta huA hai / uparyullikhita guNoM kI sAmUhika saMjJA 'prajJA' thI yahI 'prajJA' zabda kAlAantara meM 'paNDA' ke rUpa meM apabhraSTa hokara pracalita huA / ur3IsA meM madhyayuga meM isa 'paNDA' zabda ko zAstraniSNAta karmabrAhmaNoM ne apane kulAbhidhAna (upanAma) ke rUpa meM aGgIkAra kara liyA thA aura yaha Aja bhI pracalita hai / 'paNDA' zabda kI divyatA - bhavyatA dekhakara svayaM ko gauravAnvita karane ke lie tIrthasthaloM meM sthApita brAhmaNoM yajamAnoM ne bhI ise apanA liyA, kintu kAlAntara meM unake lolupa evaM garhita AcaraNa ke kAraNa 'paNDA' zabda kI khUba durgati huI aura zAyada Aja bhI ho rahI haiM / mahAbhArata (gItA presa) ke udyoga parva ke 33 veM adhyAya meM paNDita ke jo lakSaNa batAye gaye haiM, vahI 'prajJA' (paNDA) kA vAstavika artha hai / apane putroM ke duSkRtyoM ko lekara dhRtarASTra bahuta udvigna aura cintAtura hote haiM, unheM nIMda mahAmahima vidura unheM sAntvanA dete haiM aura nahIM AtI (prajAgaraNa - parva) / ve AdhI rAta ko yudhiSThira ko bulavAte haiM / unakI cintA dUra karate hue kahate haiM ki jo pahale nizcaya karake kArya kA Arambha karatA haiM, kArya ke bIca meM nahIM rukatA, samaya ko vyartha nahIM jAne detA aura citta ko vaza meM rakhatA hai, vahI paNDita kahalAtA hai / paNDitajana zreSTha karmoM meM ruci rakhate haiM, unnati ke kArya karate haiM aura bhalAI karanevAloM meM doSa nahIM nikAlate / jo apanA Adara hone para harSa

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prAcIna bhArata kI vaidika paMDita paramparA 29 ke mAre phUla nahIM uThatA, anAdara se santapta nahIM hotA tathA gaMgAjI ke kuNDa ke samAna jisake citta ko kSobha nahIM hotA, vaha paNDita kahalAtA hai / sampUrNa bhautika padArthoM ko asaliyata kA jJAna rakhanevAlA, saba kAryoM ke karane kA DhaMga jAnanevAlA tathA manuSyoM meM sabase bar3hakara upAya kA jAnakAra hai, vahI manuSya paNDita kahalAtA hai / jisakI vANI kahIM rukatI nahIM, jo vicitra DhaMga se bAtacIta karatA hai, tarka meM nipuNa tathA pratibhAzAlI hai tathA jo grantha ke tAtparya ko zIghra batA sakatA hai, vahI paNDita kahalAtA hai| jisakI vidyA buddhi kA anusaraNa karatI hai aura buddhi vidyA kA tathA jo ziSTa puruSoM kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana nahIM karatA, vahI paNDita kI padavI pA sakatA hai / uparyukta se prajJA (paNDA) zabda kA artha spaSTa hotA hai / isI prakAra kI prajJA (paNDA) se yukta vyakti paNDita kahA jAtA thaa| adhikAMza AcArya paNDita hote the; kintu ukta artha meM pANDitya ke lie zAstrIya jJAna anivArya na thaa| Aja bhI prAjJa evaM vivekI hone ke lie koI upAdhi athavA padavI (DigrI) anivArya nahIM / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki 'paNDita' zabda guru, upAdhyAya evaM AcArya kA samIpI hote hue bhI inase kahIM adhika vyApaka evaM gurutara hai / itihAsa meM vizvAmitra, jamadagni jaise AcArya bhI kabhI-kabhI avivekapUrNa kRtyoM meM lipta pAye jAte haiM aura zUdrAgarbhotpanna vidura, zorA kumhAra, raidAsa camAra, julAhA kabIra, mAMsa vikretA vyAdha Adi bhI RSitulya evaM mahAprAjJa-sA AcaraNa karate dikhAI dete haiM / paNDita aura AcAryoM ke uparokta divya-bhavya vyaktitva aura kRtitva se yaha spaSTa hai ki prAcIna paNDita aura AcArya vividha zAstroM ke pAradarzI vidvAn huA karate the| eka paNDita ke liye veda-vedAMga, dharmazAstra, yoga, vAstukalA, darzana Adi kA AcArya honA eka sAdhAraNa bAta thii| vaha Ajakala ke samAna vizeSajJatA ke kajarauTe meM svayaM kI alpajJatA ko chipAne kA ochA prayAsa nahIM karate the| jJAna akhaNDa samajhA jAtA thaa| Aja hamane apanI suvidhA ke liye usake vividha khaNDa kara diye haiM / phira bhI, kheda hai ki usa khaNDa vizeSa ko bhI upekSita kara diyA jAtA hai| __ Aja kA AcArya aura paNDita pAThazAlAoM, mahAvidyAlayoM evaM vizvavidyAlayoM meM simaTanA cAhatA hai / yadyapi use rASTra kA nirmAtA avazya kahA jAtA hai, kintu samUce zaikSika tantra meM usakI sahabhAgitA kA abhAva, kArya karane kI svatantratA kA abhAva, Adi usake mana ko kacoTate rahate haiN| isIliye vaha anAsthA evaM AtmahInatA kI bhAvanA se grasta hokara vividha naitika, sAmAjika, sAMskRtika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ke prati udAsIna pAyA jAtA hai| use mAtra dUsaroM ke AdezoM kA pAlana karane kA kartavya karanA par3atA hai| isI kAraNa adhyayana aura svAdhyAya meM usakI ruci sImita ho gaI hai| usake sAmane ucita jIvana-darzana va AdarzoM kA abhAva-sA dikhatA hai| merA vicAra hai ki Aja ke paNDita ko bhI AcAryoM kI prAcIna garimA prApta karanI caahiye| isa garimA ke Adarza kI khoja meM vaha bhaTaka gayA hai| kyA hama Adarza-prastuti kara pA rahe haiM ? kyA bhaviSya meM bhI kara pAyeMge ? .. sandarbha: 1. na vinA gurusambandhaH jJAnasyAdhigamaH / -zAnti 32.622 / AcAryAddhava vidyA viditA sAdhiSThaM praapytiiti| -chAndogya 4.9.3 / nItze kA mantavya tulanIya, "An academic system without the personal influence of teachers upon pupils is an arctic winter." 2. vAyupurANa 59.30 / tulanIya-AcAryaH kasmAta, AcAraM grAhayati, AcinotyarthAn Acinoti buddhimiti vaa| -nirukta 1.2 /

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30 paM.jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAghuvAda anya [khaNDa 3. ziSTAH khalu vigatamatsarA nirahaMkArAH kumbhIdhAnyA, alolupAH, dambhadapalobhamohakrodhavivarjitAH / -baudhAyana dharmasUtra 1.1.1.5 / 4. zukranIti, 27.9 / 5. vahI, 2.77 / 6. guruM yastu samArAdhya dvijo vedamavApnuyAt / tasya svargaphalAvAptiH sidhyate cAsya mAnasam ||-shaanti 184.9 / 7. upanIya tu yaH ziSyaM vedamadhyApayed dvijaH / sakalpaM sarahasyaM ca tamAcArya pracakSate // ekadezaM tu vedasya vedAGgAnyapi vA punaH / yo'dhyApayati vRttyarthamupAdhyAyaH sa ucyate // -manu0 2.140-41 / 8. sukanyA cyavanaM prApya pati paramakopanam / prINayAmAsa cittajJA apramattAnuvRttibhiH // -zrImadbhAgavatapurANa 9.3.10 / 1. aSTAdhyAyI 2.1.65 / 10. udyogaparva 4.6-8 / 11. manu0 2.140-42 / 12. manu0 2.145 / 13. udyoga0 43.29 / 14. udyoga0 43.31 / 15. nirukta 1.20 / 16. Rgveda 7.3.8 / 17. At the same time, we have passages in which the rishis distinctly speak of their own consciousness of ignorance and inability to fathom the profound depths of the universe and knowledge, as against the omniscience prescribed to them by later writer e. g. 1. 164, 5, 6 and 37.-Ghate's Lectures on Rigved (Revised and enlarged by V. S. Sukathenkar), 3rd ed. P. 116. 18. 114.51 para bhASya / 19. te ciddhi pUrve kavayo gRnnntH| -Rgveda 7.53.1 / ___ta id devAnAM sadhamAd Asan RtAvAnaH kavayaH pUrvyAsaH / -Rgveda 7.7.6.4 / 20. sabhA0 55.3 / 21. sabhAparva 56.7 / 22. bhISmaparva 32.6 / 23. vAyupurANa 61.93-94 / 24. zAntiparva 327.61 / 25. munInAM caturvidho bhedaH, RSayaH, RSikA, RSiputrAH, maharSayaH / -harizcandra bhaTTAraka, carakatantra, sUtrasthAna, 107 / 26. zAntiparva 306.57-60 / 27. pArAzara smRti 1.12-15 / 28. matsyapurANa 252.2-4 / 29. mahAbhArata, udyogaparva 33.29-34 /

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bauddha saMskRti meM paNDita paramparA DA0 candrazekhara prasAda navanAlandA mahAvihAra, nAlandA, bihAra jaina samudAya meM paNDita zabda kA prayoga vizeSataH una gRhastha vidvAnoM ke lie hotA hai jo apane pANDitya, dharmajJAna evaM AcAranipuNatA se jaina saMskRti evaM samAja kA samvardhana-sampoSaNa karate haiN| aise paNDitoM kI jainoM meM viziSTa paramparA hai| vidvAnoM kI dhAraNA hai ki isa paramparA kA prArambha lagabhaga terahavIM sadI se huA hai| isa samaya taka bauddha dharma apanI janmabhUmi se luptaprAya ho cukA thaa| sambhavataH isI kAraNa jainoM kI bhA~ti bauddha samudAya meM koI mAnya paNDita paramparA nahIM sthApita ho skii| phira bhI, atIta se hI bhArata evaM anya bauddha dezoM meM gRhasthoM kI bauddha dharma ke vikAsa meM bhUmikA rahI hai, ise nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| vartamAna meM paNDita gRhasthoM kI yaha bhUmikA prabala hotI huI do mukhya rUpoM meM ubhara kara sAmane AI hai / Adhunika zikSApaddhati ke vikAsa evaM vistAra ke sAtha bauddha dharma evaM darzana bhI vibhinna rUpoM meM adhyayana evaM gaveSaNA kA viSaya banA / gRhasthoM meM bhI isake adhyayana ke prati ruci bddh'ii| deza kI badalatI huI rAjanItika, sAmAjika evaM Arthika paristhitiyoM ne vidvAnoM ko isa naye kSetra meM Ane kI preraNA dii| janasAdhAraNa ne usakA netRtva svIkAra kiyA aura unakA svarUpa saMghanAyaka dharmAcAryoM ke samAna mAnA jAne lgaa| isase AcAryoM ke sAtha gRhastha dharmaguruoM kA eka pRthak varga ubharA / ina logoM ne bauddha dharma ke parijJAna aura prasAra meM nayA AyAma prastuta kiyaa| bauddha dharma aura pAlibhASA ke adhyayana-adhyApana meM bhAga lene vAle gRhastha vidvAnoM kA eka dUsarA varga bhI aba sAmane A rahA hai| isa varga meM bauddhoM ke atirikta itara dharmAvalambI bhI samAhita haiM jo vizva ke sabhI bhAgoM meM pAye jAte haiN| isa varga ke vidvAnoM kA pramakha dhyeya bauddha-dharma evaM darzana ke prAcIna evaM vartamAna svarUpa ko paramparAgata evaM vaijJAnika DhaMga se samajhanA-samajhAnA hai| jaina dharma ke samAna bauddha dharma bhI pradhAnataH bhikSu dharma hai| isakA carama lakSya duHkhanirodha evaM nirvANa prApti hai / isake lie yaha anivArya hai ki duHkha ke mUla-ajJAna aura tRSNA ko nirmUla kiyA jaaye| isa kArya ke lie pArivArika jIvana ko bAdhA evaM dhUli-dhUsarita tathA pravrajyA ko mukta AkAza kahA hai / duHkhanirodha kI kAmanA karane vAloM ke lie pravrajyA lekara bhikSu jIvana ko apanAnA anivArya thaa| buddha ke sampUrNa upadeza bhikSuoM ko lakSya kara hI die gaye the| phira bhI, gRhasthoM ke lie bho bauddha dharma meM sthAna thaa| unheM upAsaka/upAsikA kahA jAtA thaa| isake lie yaha Avazyaka thA ki ve gRhastha jIvana ke uttaradAyitvoM ko nibhAte hae dharmAnakala jIvana vyatIta kareM tathA vartamAna aura bhAvI jIvana ko sukha aura zAntipUrNa bnaayeN| isa lakSya kI prApti ke lie yaha vihita thA ki ve buddha, dharma evaM saMgha meM zraddhA rakheM evaM zIla yA sadAcAra kA pAlana kreN| buddha aura unake ziSya cArikA hetu gRhasthoM ke ghara jAte the| bhojanoparAnta unheM dAnakathA, zIlakathA Adi kA upadeza dete the| gahasthoM ko dharma-darzana jAnane-samajhane kI koI sImA nirdhArita nahIM thii| unakI kSamatA ko nagaNya bhI nahIM mAnA jAtA thaa| eka bAra buddha se pUchA gayA, "bhante, gRhastha ho gantavya taka paheMcane meM saphala hote haiM, prabajita nhiiN| aisA kyoM?' buddha ne uttara diyA, "Auso, prazna gRhastha aura prabajita kA nahIM, samyak mArga kA hai| jo samyak mArga para calegA, vahI gantavya prApta kregaa|" buddha yaha nahIM mAnate the ki bhikSu banane mAtra se dharma-darzana kA pUrNa jJAna ho sakatA hai yA ki ve ho isake ekamAtra adhikArI haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki buddha ne

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32 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI abhinandana grantha [ khaNDa dharma aura vinaya ko vyakti se Upara rkhaa| unhoMne apane bAda kisI bhI ziSya ko saMgha kA uttarAdhikArI manonIta karane se inkAra kiyA aura svayaM ko dharma evaM vinaya ke zAstA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyaa| buddha ke ziSyoM meM yogya vyaktiyoM kA abhAva nahIM thaa| unhoMne svayaM kaI ziSyoM ko apane samakakSa mAnA thaa| buddha ke jIvana ke antima dinoM meM bhI mahAkazyapa jaise mahAsthavira vidyamAna the| inhoMne hI buddha ke mahAparinirvANa ke zIghra bAda hI unake upadezoM kA saMgraha evaM saMgAyana kraayaa| buddha ke upadeza maukhika the aura saMgAyana ke bAda bhI alikhita rhe| ina upadezoM ko sarvaprathama siMhala meM rAjA bahugAminI abhaya ne prathama sadI IsApUrva meM lipibaddha kraayaa| buddha ke jIvanakAla meM aneka bAra bhikSuoM ne anya tIthikoM ke mata.ko buddha upadeza mAnane kI galatI kI thii| aisI galatiyoM ke nivAraNa ke lie buddha ne 'mahopadeza' kiyA, "yadi koI kahe ki maiMne yaha buddha ke mukha se sunA hai, grahaNa kiyA hai, to na use prasannatA se grahaNa karo aura na usakA tiraskAra kro| use sUtra evaM vinaya se milAkara dekho| yadi vaha unake anurUpa hai, to grahaNa kro| yadi vaha anurUpa nahoM hai, to samajho ki usa vyakti ne dharmopadeza ko ThIka se nahIM samajhA hai|" yaha ullekhanIya hai ki buddha ne apane mUlabhUta upadezoM ko itanA spaSTa kara diyA thA ki unake sambandha meM vibheda kI gaMjAiza hI nahIM thii| phira bhI, buddha ke bAda unake samadAya meM jo matAntara hae. ve unake upadezoM kI vyAkhyA ko lekara hI hue| bauddha-saMgha 18 sampradAyoM meM vibhAjita haa| lekina koI bhI sampradAya anya ke dharma aura vinaya ko buddhavacana mAnane se inkAra nahIM krtaa| buddha ne dharma ko buddha aura saMgha ke Upara rkhaa| unakA dharma tathAgatoM dvArA anubhUta sanAtana mArga hai jisakA unhoMne bhI sAkSAtkAra kiyaa| isakI tulanA vismRta nagara ke utkhanana se kI gaI hai| buddha kA sthAna mArgadarzI kA hai, be duHkhanirodhagAminI pratipadA ko Alokita kiyA karate haiN| isa mArga para ArUr3ha hokara sAdhaka caramAnta taka pahu~ca sakatA hai / yaha alaga bAta hai ki samyak jJAna-mArga ke ajJAna se vaha aisA na kara sake / aisI sthiti meM hI buddha aura dharmAcAyA ke nirdezana evaM preraNA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / buddha ne apane ziSyoM se kahA thA, "bahujanoM ke hita ke lie, bahujanoM ke sukha ke lie cArikA karate hue dharma ko dUsaroM taka phucaao|" ye sabhI upadeza bhikSuoM ko lakSya kara diye gaye the| bauddha-sthaviroM ne inheM sUtrabaddha kiyaa| isa sambandha meM gRhasthoM kI bhUmikA ke sambandha me kucha ullekha nahIM miltaa| lekina bauddhadharma ke vikAsa meM buddha ko gRhasthoM kA paryApta sahayoga milaa| aneka dhano gRhasthoM aura rAjAoM ke saMrakSaNa meM buddha dharma kA prasAra huaa| buddha ke mahAparinirvANa ke kucha hI samaya bAda ajAtazatru ne buddha ke upadezoM ke saMgraha aura saMgAyana ke lie saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyaa| mahAsAMdhika sagIti ke vivaraNa meM isa kAya meM gRhasthoM kI bhUmikA kA kucha ullekha hai| saMgha ke prathama vibhAjana ke bAda prativAdiyoM ne jo saMgIti bulAI thI, usameM gRhasthoM ko bhI sammilita kiyA gayA thaa| yadyapi vahA~ gRhasthoM kI koTi aura bhUmikA ke sambandha meM vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM miltii| sUtroM evaM zAstroM se sambandha rakhane vAle gRhasthoM meM agraNI devAnAMpriya priyadarzI azoka hai / unhoMne buddha ke upadezoM ko jagaha-jagaha utkIrNa karavAyA, dharma ko zAsana kA AdhAra banAyA aura deza-videzoM meM dharma pracAra kiyaa| isa dizA meM rAjA minAnDara kA nAma bhI ullekhanIya hai| inakI jijJAsA ne bhikSa nAgasena ke sAtha saMvAda karAyA aura 'milindapaNhA' jaisI amUlya nidhi avatarita huI / yaha prathama zatAbdi kI racanA mAnI jAtI hai / anya bauddha dezoM meM aise aneka gRhasthoM ke nAma ginAye jA sakate haiN| inameM eka vizeSa ullekhanIya nAma jApAna ke rAjakumAra sotoku kA hai| inake darabAra meM hI sAtavIM sadI meM bauddhadharma ko rAjakIya mAnyatA prApta huI

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bauddha saMskRti meM paMDita paramparA 33 thii| rAjakumAra ne sotoku ne saddharmapuNDarIka sUtra para jApAnI meM bhASya likhakara vahAM kI janatA meM bauddha dharma ko bodhagamya bnaayaa| usane bauddha dharma ke AdarzoM ke AdhAra para deza ke lie saMvidhAna bhI taiyAra kiyaa| sotoku ne dharma ke pracAra-prasAra meM jApAna meM azoka kI bhUmikA nibhaaii| bauddha dharma-darzana ke vikAsa meM aneka gRhasthoM ne yogadAna kiyA hai para aise gRhasthoM kI koI mAnya paramparA nahIM bana pAI hai| vartamAna meM aise gRhasthoM kI paramparA do rUpoM meM ubhara kara AI hai| isa sadI meM anAgArika dharmapAla aura dharmAnanda kosaMbI ke samAna dharma-marmajJoM ne bauddha dharma ke prati logoM kI niSThA ko sudRr3ha karane kA durdhara prayatna kiyaa| isa dizA meM bAbA ambeDakara kA nAma bhI vizeSa ullekhanIya mAnanA cAhie jinake prabhAva se bauddhadharma bhArata meM punaH jAgRta huaa| bAbA sA0 ne logoM ko vartamAna sandarbha meM buddha ke upadezoM kI upayogitA smjhaaii| AcArya narendra deva, nathamala TATiyA, sI0 Ara0 upAsaka tathA anya vidvAn bhI isI koTi meM Ate haiN| yaha spaSTa hai ki bhikSu-saMsthA kI tulanA meM buddha-samudAya meM gRhastha vidvAnoM kI saMsthA sadaiva durbala rahI hai| isa dRSTi se jApAnI gRhastha dharma-marmajJoM kI bhUmikA ati-sarAhanIya hai| eka samaya AyA jaba jApAna meM rASTravAdo bhAvanA ko ubhArane ke lie vahA~ bauddha dharma ko videzI banA diyA gyaa| isa durgati se rakSA ke lie prabuddha gRhastha dharma-paNDita Age Aye aura bauddha gRhastha paMDita paramparA kA janma huaa| isa paramparA ke vyaktiyoM ne dvitIya vizva yuddha kI parAjaya evaM paramANu bama ke narasaMhAra se trasta jApAnavAsiyoM ko bauddhadharmasaMgata nidAna khojane hetu sahAnubhUtipUrvaka mArga nirdeza denA prArambha kiyaa| isase gRhastha dharma paMDitoM ko pratiSThA bar3hI aura logoM kI buddha dharma ke prati AsthA bhI bddh'ii| isase gRhastha bauddha-paramparA ke vikAsa meM bhI sahAyatA milii| isa samaya sobhAgakAI evaM rissokoseIkAI paramparAyeM jApAna meM bar3I sammAnita hai| unake netAoM ko jApAna meM saMghanAyakoM tathA dharmAcAryoM ke samAna hI sammAna milatA hai / pichale cAlIsa varSoM meM jApAna ne punaH Arthika samRddhi pA lI hai| isase unameM pAzcAtya AcAra-vicAra aura rahana-sahana kA rogana car3ha gayA hai| unheM jIvana jaTila pratIta hone lagA hai| jApAnI gRhastha vidvAnoM kA dhyAna isa ora gayA hai| ve dharma ko jIvana meM adhikAdhika upayogI banAne kA prayatna kara rahe haiN| unakA kathana hai ki samRddhi ke jIvana ko chor3a kara aparigrahI jIvana Aja ke samAja kA Adarza nahIM ho sktaa| ataH yaha prayatna Avazyaka hai ki mAnava meM mAnavIya guNoM kA hrAsa na ho| isaliye dharma ko jIvana kA AdhAra mAnanA anivArya hai| Aja vyakti kI sabase prabala samasyA bilagAva evaM vyaktivAda kI hai| vaha apanI samasyAoM meM hI itanA vyasta rahatA hai ki samAja kI cintA ke lie avakAza hI use nahIM rhtaa| ye gRhastha-samudAya ke netA 'dhArmika baiThakoM ke mAdhyama se Aja ke samAja meM sAmAjikatA kA sUtra pirone kA prayatna kara rahe haiN| ve vyaktigata evaM samaSTigata samasyAoM kA dharma-saMgata samAdhAna khojane kA prayatna bhI karate haiN| isa prakAra jApAna ke gRhastha bauddha dharmAcArya bauddha dharma ko adhikAdhika upayogI banAne meM lage haiM aura use eka nayA AyAma de rahe haiN| bhArata ko bhI aisI hI paramparA kA vikAsa karanA caahiye|

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jaina paMDita paraMparA : eka paridRzya naMdalAla jaina galsa kAleja, rIvA, ma0pra0 mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM kI vartamAna donoM hI paraMparAyeM bhadrabAhu prathama (376-300 I0 pU0) ko AdarapUrvaka mAnatI haiM / saMbhavataH inake bAda hI zvetAMbara-digambara paraMparAoM ne vikasita honA prArambha kiyaa| zvetAmbara paramparA meM sAdhuoM ko ho saMgha aura samAja kA AdhyAtmika netRttva milA jo abataka cala rahA hai| prArambha meM, digambara paramparA meM bhI puSyadanta-bhUtabali, guNadhara, umAsvAti, pUjyapAda, akalaMka, vidyAnanda, vAdirAja, dharmabhUSaNa (yati), nemacandra cakravartI Adi ne vibhinna yugoM meM dhArmika, sAhityika evaM sAMskRtika netRtva pradAna kiyaa| ye sabhI sAdhu, yati yA AcArya the| uttaravartI samaya meM sarvaprathama digambarAcArya prabhAcandra (980-1065 I0) ko AcArya aura paMDita zabda se abhihita pAyA jAtA hai evaM AzAdhara (1180-1250 I.) ko to spaSTataH hI paMDita kahA gayA hai / bhAgya se, donoM vidvAnoM kA kAryakSetra dhArAnagarI ho rahA hai, ataH dhArA ko digambara paramparA ko paMDita prathA ko puSpita karane kA zreya diyA jAve, to yaha anucita nahIM hogaa| isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki AcArya to sAdhuvezI hI hote the| paMDita prAyaH gRhastha hote the| sambhavataH prabhAcandra gRhasthAvasthA meM hI apanI vidvattA meM khyAta ho cuke the, bAda meM ve AcArya bane hoNge| ___ yaha sambhava hai ki jainoM meM paMDita paramparA kI preraNA vaidika saMskRti se milI ho jahA~ prArambha se hI gRhastha paMDita aura RSi sAhityaka evaM dhArmika jAgaraNa tathA anuSThAnoM ke liye mAnya rahe haiM / dhArmika kaTTaratA ke madhyayuga meM apanI surakSA evaM saMrakSaNa ke liye "sarvameva hi jainAnAM, pramANaM laukiko vidhiH / yatra samyaktvahAnirna, yatra na vratadUSaNaM / " kA siddhAnta apanAte hue jainoM ne aneka bAhya karmakAMDoM ko bhI apnaayaa| isake antargata devapUjana, vidhAna, pratiSThA, saMskAra, kathAvAcana, mantra-taMtra prayoga, tIrthakarAtirikta devapUjana Adi kI kriyAoM ne jainadharma meM pratiSThA paaii| inameM se aneka mAnyatAoM para bIsavIM sadI meM Adarza saiddhAntika UhApoha ho rahe haiN| phira bhI. aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ye tatva aba jaina dhArmika evaM sAmAjika saMskRti ke aMga bana gaye haiN| inakI manovaijJAnika vyAvahArikatA ko saiddhAntika tarkoM se vidalita zAyada hI kiyA jA ske| uparokta kArya sAdhujana to kara nahIM sakate the, ataH sAdhu aura gRhasthoM ke madhyavartI ucca AcAra-vicAra vAlI bhaTTAraka aura paMDita paramparAyeM jainoM meM svayameva vikasita huii| inameM prArambha meM sAtha hI bhaTTAraka bane, para bAda meM avivAhita rahane vAle AcaravAnoM ko bhaTTArakatva milA / inhoMne aura inake ziSya-praziSyoM ne apane samaya meM dharma-saMrakSaNa evaM kriyAkAMDoM kA netRtva kiyA / rAjya anuzaMsA bhI paaii| inhoMne maTha banAye aura usameM rahane lge| parigraha aura adhikAra ke kAraNa inake AcAroM meM parivartana huA, jisase sAdhu-saMsthA kI pratiSThA bhI girI / AzAghara' to apane yuga meM inheM 'mleccha ke samAna' kahane se nahIM cUke / phira bhI, yaha saMsthA dakSiNa bhArata meM Aja bhI pratiSThita hai / isake viparyAsa meM, paMDita gRhastha ke rUpa meM rahakara bhI dhArmika evaM sAmAjika netRtva karate the / aitihAsika dRSTi se yaha paramparA nirmANa eva poSaNa kA yuga mAnA jA sakatA hai / bhaTTAraka aura paMDita-donoM hI isa koTi se samAna hai| sAtavIM-AThavIM sadI ke dhanaMjaya saMbhavataH sabase pahale gRhastha the jinhoMne isa kSetra meM pratiSThA prApta kii| bhaTTArakoM ke jo ziSya isa prakAra ke kArya karate the, ve 'pAMDe' kahalAte the| paMcAdhyAyokAra rAjamala pAMDe. paM. banArasIdAsa ke guru sama paM0 rUpacanda pAMDe tathA hemacanda pAMDe Adi solahavIM sadI ke udAharaNa haiM / bhaTTAraka paramparA ke kSINa hone para pAMDe nAma mahatvahIna ho gayA aura paMDitoM ke hAtha ho dharmaruci

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jaina paMDita paraMparA : eka paridRzya 35 ko jagAye rakhane kA kAma rahA / isa bIca aneka kaviyoM (somadeva 908.970 I0; puSyadaMta, hastimalla (1161-81 I0), harizcandra, dhanapAla, tejapAla, raidhU (15-16 voM sadI), zrIdhara (1100-83 I0) Adi ne apane kAvyAtmaka upAkhyAnoM dvArA dharmacakra ko jIvantatA pradAna kii| aisa pratIta hotA hai ki 13-15 vIM sadI meM bhaTTAraka paramparA ke prabhAva ke kAraNa paMDita AzAdhara ke uttaravartI do sau pacAsa varSoM meM paMDita paramparA nAmarUpeNa hI rhii| phira bhI, yaha viSaya zodhanIya hai / para pichale pAMca sau varSoM meM paMDitoM kI aneka koTiyoM ne digambara paramparA kI aneka rUpoM meM sevA kI hai| isake pUrvavartI varSoM meM laukika vidhiyoM ke samAveza se dharma kA adhyAtma tatva AvataprAya ho gayA thaa| paMDitoM kI prathama paMkti ne isa tatva ko punaH pratiSThita kara pAMca sau varSoM kI jar3atA ko dUra karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| isa bahAdura paMkti kA digambara-zvetAmbara-donoM ora se sAhityika evaM saiddhAntika virodha haa| isake phalasvarUpa lagabhaga 1618-20 meM bhaTAraka narendrakIti ke samaya rAjasthAna ke sAMgAnera meM digambaroM ke do paMtha-terApantha aura bosapantha-ho gye| usa samaya pracalita paMtha bIsapaMtha aura saiddhAntika paMtha terApantha kahalAyA / vartamAna paMDita varga ina donoM ko poSita karatA hai| paramparApoSI paMDitoM ke vivaraNa ke atirikta jaina itihAsajJoM dvArA paMDita paramparA para koI vizeSa kArya nahIM kiyA gayA hai / isase isa sambandha meM paryApta sUcanAoM kA bhI abhAva hai / satIzakumAra ne apane vyApaka uddezya ke anurUpa lekhaka va vaijJAnikoM kI koTi meM aneka paMDitoM kA vivaraNa diyA hai / phira bhI, jaina vidvAnoM se sambandhita sUcanAoM kI dRSTi se zAstri pariSad kA prakAzana adhika upayogI hai / isameM aneka apUrNatAyeM, hai, pichale eka yuga meM aneka nUtanatAyeM bhI jur3I hai, phalataH ukta saMsthA ko isake parivarSita saMskaraNa kI dizA meM sakriya rUpa se vicAra karanA cAhiye / vastutaH aitihAsika dRSTi se, paMDita paramparA ko tIna yugoM meM vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai; (i) svAntaHsukhAya sarjanA evaM upadezanA yuga (ii) pracAra-prasAra, anusaMdhAna evaM sAmAjika preraNA kA yuga aura (iii) zikSA anuSThAna evaM sAhitya sarjanA kA yuga / sAraNI 1 se spaSTa hai ki prathama yuga (1500-1800) ke vidvAnoM meM tIna vyavasAyI, cAra rAjasevI tathA cAra anirdiSTa vyavasAyI rahe haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki inameM dyAnatarAyajI kI sthiti sabase kamajora rahI hai / phira bhI, ye sabhI dharma ke siddhAntoM kA jIvana evaM samAjavyApI mahatva samajhate theM / apanI isa vicAradhArA kA lAbha unhoMne samAja ko dene kA prayatna kiyaa| unhoMne bhaktidhArA aura usake sAhitya ko vikasita kiyA, prAcIna granthoM ko janabhASA meM prastuta kiyaa| sambhavataH jayapuravAsI paM0 daulata rAma (1682-1772) ne jainoM ke vyaktigata jIvana meM trepana kriyAoM ko pratiSThita kiyaa| jo Aja bhI jainoM ke AcAra-vicAra ke aMga banI huI hai| isa prakAra bhaktivAda, kriyAkAMDa evaM tatkAlIna bhASA meM jinavANI ke prastutokaraNa ke kArya ke liye prathama yuga ko zreya diyA jAnA cAhiye / isa yuga meM AgarA, jayapura evaM bihAra paMDitoM ke pramukha kendra rahe haiN| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki isa yuga meM paMDitoM kI AjIvikA samAjanirbhara nahIM thii| ve svAntaHsukhAya evaM paropakArahetu hI dhArmika carcAyeM evaM sAhitya sRjana karate the| aise logoM kI saMkhyA kama hI hotI hai / tIna sau varSoM meM kevala gyAraha mahatvapUrNa nAma hameM mile haiN| dvitIya yuga ke vidvAnoM meM prathama kI apekSA kAphI vividhatA pAI jAtI hai| inameM Adhe se adhika mAnya paMDitoM ne jainadharma kA svayameva adhyayana kiyA / ye AjIvikA hetu samAja para Azrita bhI nahIM rhe| inhoMne dharma aura samAja meM jAgarUkatA lAne kI svAntaHsukhAya pravRtti ko kAryarUpa diyaa| inakA kArya samAja meM ghAmika zikSA evaM siddhAntoM kA pracAra pramukha rahA hai| vairisTara campatarAya, je0 ela0 jainI aura bra0 zItala prasAda jI to videzoM meM bhI dharma-pracArArtha gaye, aMgrejI meM jainadharma viSayaka sAhitya-sRjana evaM anuvAda kArya kiyaa| varNIjI aura varaiyAjI bIsavIM sadI meM jaina zikSA prasAra ke AdiparuSa mAne jA sakate haiN| isa sadI ke AThaveM dazaka kA vareNya jaina vidvata samAja inake dvArA sthApita saMsthAoM kI hI dena hai| zrI premI jI aura mukhtAra sA0 te apanI adhyayanazIlatA se jaina-vidyAoM meM anusandhAna tathA

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jaunapura 36 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa sAraNI 1. vibhinna yugoM meM paMDita paraMparA (1) prathama yuga : svAntaH sukhAya sAhitya sarjaka evaM upadezaka (1500-1800) 1. rAjamala pAMDe 1545 -1623 AgarA paMcAdhyAyI, lATI saMhitAdi 2. paM0 rUpacaMda pAMDe 1550-1637 banArasIdAsa ke gurusama 3. paM0 banArasIdAsa 1586-1643 ardhakathAnaka, nATaka samayasAra 4. paM0 dyAnatarAya 1676-1726 AgarA stuti, svayaMbhU-pAzvanAtha stotra 5. paM0 daulatarAma 1632-1772 jayapura pana kriyAkoza, bhASAkAra 6. paM0 bhUdharadAsa 1693-1749 AgarA vinatI, stutikAra 7. paM0 ToDaramala 1714-1766 jayapura mokSamArga prakAzaka, bhASAkAra 8. paM0 jayacaMda chAvar3A 1738-1802 jayapura bhASA TIkAkAra 9. paM0 vRndAvana 1791-? bihAra bhASA TIkAkAra 10. paM0 sadAsukhadAsa 1795-1870 jayapura bhASA TokAkAra 11.50 daulatarAma 1798-1866 hAtharasa chaha DhAlA (ii) dvitIya yuga : pracAra-prasAra, anusandhAna evaM sAmAjika preraNAyuga ( 1800-1900) 1. bairisTara caMpatarAya 1867-1942 dillI kI Ava noleja Adi, pracAra 2. paM0 gopAladAsa varaiyA 1867-1917 AgarA jaina si0 pravezikA, zikSaNa 3. paM0 gaNezaprasAda varNI 1874-1961 haserA jIvanagAthA, zikSA-pracAra 4. paM0 jugala kizora mukhtAra 1877-1968 sarasAvA vorasevA maMdira, anekAMta 5. bra. zItala prasAda 1779-1942 lakhanaU samAja-sudhAraka, pracAraka 6. bairisTara je0 ela0 jainI 1882-1927 sahAranapura aMgrejI meM anuvAdaka pracAraka 7. paM0 nAthUrAma premI 1881-1960 devarI aitihAsika zodha, prakAzaka 8. bhujabalI zAstrI 1887-1980 karnATaka zodhaka, upadezaka 9. paM0 vaMzIdhara nyAyAlaMkAra 1890-1972 maharaunI zikSaka, upadezaka 10.50 devakI naMdana zAstrI 1892-1962 bundelakhaMDa anuvAdaka, vyAkhyAtA * 11. paM0 makkhanalAla zAstrI 1895-1980 AgarA zikSaka, upadezaka, paraMparApoSI 12.50 cainasukhadAsa nyAyatIrtha 1899-1969 jayapura vidvAn, zikSA prasAraka (iit ) tRtIya yuga : zikSA, sAhitya sarjanA evaM anuSThAna yuga ( 1901-) 1. paM0 kastUracaMdra zAstrI 1900-1966 rAyasena sarAkoddhAraka, upadezaka 2. bAbU kAmatA prasAda jaina 1901-1964 alIgaMja jaina dharma-pracAra, lekhana 3. paM0 phUlacaMdra zAstrI 1901 lalitapura vidvAn, lekhaka vyAkhyAkAra 4. paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI 1901 zahaDola zikSaka, upadezaka, vratI 5. paM0 kailAzacaMdra zAstrI 1903-1987 nahaTaura zikSaka, lekhaka, anuvAdaka 6. paM0 hIrAlAla zAstrI 1904-1983 sADhUmala vidvAna, zodhaka 7. paM0 sumerucaMdra divAkara 1905 sivanI SaTkhaMDAgama uddhAraka, lekhaka 8. paM0 vaMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya soraI nyAyAcArya, vyApArI vidvAn

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11 jaina paMDita paraMparA: eka paridRzya 37 9. bAlacaMda siddhAntazAstrI 1905-1988 soraI zodhaka 10. paM0 parameSThIdAsa 1908-1981 maharaunI patrakAra, samAjasevI 11.50 paramAnaMda zAstrI 1908-1980 pannA vidvAn, zodhaka 12. DA0 jagadozacaMdra jaina 1909 baMbaI zodhaka, zikSaka, lekhaka 13. DA. mahendra kumAra nyAyAcArya 1911-1959 khuraI nyAyAcArya, zikSaka, lekhaka 14.50 pannAlAla sAhityAcArya 1911 sAgara dharma-sAhitya ke udgAtA 15.50 indracandra zAstrI 1912-1986 hisAra lekhaka, zikSaka 16. DA0 jyotiprasAda jaina 1912--1988 meraTha zodhaka, vidvAn 17. DA0 darabArIlAla koThiyA 1913 soraI nyAyAcArya, lekhaka 18.50 nAthUlAla zAstrI 1913 jayapura zikSaka, pratiSThApaka 19.50 hIrAlAla kauzala 1914 lalitapura zikSaka, anuSThAnaka 20. DA0 nemIcaMdra zAstrI 1915-1974 rAjasthAna zikSaka, zodhaka, lekhaka 21. DA. lAlabahAdura zAstrI AgarA paraMparApoSI vidvAn 22. paM. balabhadra jaina AgarA saMpAdana, lekhana 23. zrI khuzAlacaMdra gorAvAlA 1917 gorA samAjasevI senAnI 24. DA0 gulAbacaMdra caudharI 1917-1986 siloMDI prazAsaka, lekhaka, zodhaka 25. paM0 amRtalAla zAstrI 1919 jhAMsI sAhityarasika vidvAn 26. DA0 kastUracaMdra kAzalIvAla 1920 jayapura itihAsa-zodhaka 27.kSu0 jinendra varNI 1921 pAnIpata jainendrasiddhAntakoSa 28. DA. harIndrabhUSaNa jaina 1921-1989 narayAvalI zikSaka, sAhityasevI 29. zrI bAlacaMdra jaina gorakhapurA purAtatvavid 30. zrI lakSmIcaMdra jaina 1926 sAgara jaina gaNitajJa 31.zrI nIraja jaina 1928 purAtatvI, samAjasevI 32. DA0 naMdalAla jaina 1928 zAhagar3ha vijJAnavid, zikSaka 33. DA. kaMchedIlAla jaina 1929-1989 pathariyA zikSaka, samAjasevI 34. DA. rAjArAma jaina 1929 mAlathauna prAkRtavida, zodhaka, zikSaka 35. DA0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara 1935 - kAraMjA zikSaka, zodhaka (ba) januSThAnaka paMDita 36. vANIbhUSaNa jamanA prasAda zAstrI 1914 zikSaka, anuSThAnaka 37.50 mohanalAla zAstrI 1914 barAyaThA sAhityasevI, prakAzaka 38.50 zikharacaMdra jI pratiSThAcArya 1917 bacharolI pratiSThAcArya 39. paM0 gulAbacaMdra puSpa 1924 TIkamagar3ha pratiSThAcArya 40.50 motIlAla mAtaMDa 1932--- riSabhadeva pracAraka, pratiSThAcArya 41.50 vimalakumAra sorayA 1940 maDAvarA pratiSThApaka sevAbhAvI prakAzana kA kSetra vikasita kiyaa| vastutaH inhoMne zikSaNa kA kArya to nahIM kiyA, para zikSaka taiyAra karane kI bhUmikA bnaaii| inhoMne jainadharma ke pracAra aura gahana adhyayana kI dizAeM do| sAmAnya paribhASA meM, inameM se anekoM ko paNDita nahIM kahA jAtA, para unhone paMDitoM ke samAna ho kArya kiye haiM / ye apane yuga kI Adarza mUrtiyAM haiN| rITho

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38 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa isa yuga kI antima pAMca vibhUtiyAM bIsavIM sadI kI digambara paNDita paramparA kI sthApaka hai| inhoMne na kevala banArasa, jayapura yA anya sthAnoM kI saMsthAoM meM adhyayana adhyApana hI kiyA, apitu aneka dhArmika evaM sAmAjika saMsthAoM kA nirmANa evaM saJcAlana bhI kiyaa| inakI AjIvikA kA pramukha srota bhI samAja-sevA hI rhaa| bIsavIM sadI ke vizrata jaina vidyA manISI inakI ziSya-paramparA meM hI Ate haiN| inhoMne aneka prakAra kI sAmAjika va dhArmika pravRttiyoM ko pratiSThita karane meM apanA amUlya yogadAna kiyA hai| ye uttama vyAkhyAkAra evaM bhASA TokAkAra bhI rahe hai / inameM se kucha vibhUtiyoM ne pUrvavartI svAntaHsukhAya kI paNDita paribhASA se saMkramaNa kiyA aura AjIvikA-sukhAya kI paribhASA ko mUrtarUpa diyaa| isase inakI svayaM kI pratiSThA meM cAra cA~da to avazya lage, para inakA parivAra aura pArivArika jIvana kina paristhitiyoM meM rahA, yaha anubhava kI hI bAta hai| inake kevala eka paNDita ke putra ne hI sAmAjika saMsthAoM meM AjIvikA grahaNa kii| anya kI santAnoM ne adhika upayogI evaM Adhunika kSetra ko AjIvikA hetu cnaa| bIsavIM sadI Ate-Ate paNDitoM kA kArya-kSetra kAphI bar3ha gyaa| aneka sAmAjika evaM zikSaNa saMsthAoM. kSetroM tathA anya pravRttiyoM ko calAne ke liye paNDitoM kI AvazyakatA anubhava kI gii| jainoM para nAstikatA ke prahAra bhI, aneka ora se, isa sadI ke pUrvArdha meM hue / yaha samaya thA jaba paNDitoM ko apanI vidvattA evaM caturatA kA pradarzana karanA par3A evaM jainoM ke jainatva kI surakSA evaM prabhAvanA karanI pdd'ii| zAstrArtha saMgha kA nirmANa ina vidvAnoM ne hI kiyA thA jo bAda meM di0 jaina saMgha meM pariNata hokara Aja bhI eka jIvanta saMsthAna ke rUpa meM kAma kara rahA hai| paNDitoM kI isa kA hI yaha phala hai ki Aja jaina vidyAoM aura unake itihAsa kI ora deza-videzoM meM paryApta anusandhAna kiye jAne lage haiN| tIsare yuga meM paNDita pIr3hI ke kAryoM meM bar3o vyApakatA aaii| sAmAnya paNDita kA sArA samaya samAja meM dhArmika zikSA pradAna karane, svAdhyAya yA zAstra-sabhA karane, dhArmika anuSThAna yA sAmAjika kriyAkalApoM ko sampanna karane, sAhitya ke bhASAntara evaM sUjana karane evaM AvazyakatA par3ane para dharma kI saiddhAntika evaM vyAvahArika surakSA evaM prabhAvanA karane meM laga jAtA hai / isI se samAja kI sAmAjiktA tathA ekarUpatA banI huI hai| ina sabhI kAryoM ke liye samAja ne paNDitoM kI sevAyeM grahaNa kI (kabhI-kabhI unhoMne svayaM bhI dI, para aise prakaraNa apavAda hai)| parantu samAja ne unako samucita AjIvikA-sAdhanoM ke viSaya meM dhyAna se nahIM socA / zAstrI ke anusAra paNDita masAlacI ke samAna bane rahe jo svalAbha na lekara dUsaroM ko lAbhAnvita karane meM apanA aura AzritoM kA pUrA jIvana bebasI aura bhaTakana meM gujAra dete haiN| apane kAryoM kA suphala unheM sAmAjika bhatrsanA ke rUpa meM milatA hai / sAmantavAdI manovRtti ke anurUpa unheM bAharI pratiSThA ke bAvajUda Antarika vitRSNA kA hI zikAra honA par3atA hai| isI kAraNa yaha paramparA jaise hI bIsavIM sadI ke vyApaka pariveza meM vikasita huI, vaise hI eka hI pIr3hI meM rUpAntarita ho gii| isa sthiti kA anubhava sabhI ko hone lagA hai / phira bhI, isake sudhAra kI ora dhyAna dene kA samAja ke netAoM ko avasara hI kahA~ hai ? bIsavIM sadI yA tIsare yuga kI paNDita por3hI ke jaina vidvAnoM ko spaSTataH tIna vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| pahale varga meM kAzI, morenA, sAgara yA jayapura Adi meM par3he hue zAstrIya vidvAn Ate haiN| ye Aja apane jIvana ke sAtaveM-AThaveM dazaka meM cala rahe haiN| inameM adhikAMza Agama-poSI haiN| ye bIsavIM sadI kI samasyAoM kA uttara zAstrIya maryAdAoM meM dete haiN| inakI zAstrajJatA, bhASAntaraNa-kSamatA evaM vyAkhyAnazailI anUThI haiN| inakI AjIvikA kA mukhya srota sAmAjika saMsthAyeM ho rahI hai| Ajakala yaha varga do koTiyoM meM vibhAjita dikhatA hai| pAzcAtya vidhi zikSaNa meM niSNAta loga unheM vaha mAnyatA nahIM denA cAhate jo samAja unheM detI rahI hai| isa sthiti ko dekhakara isa varga ke aneka paNDita utparivartita hokara Age aaye| inhoMne prArambha meM sAmAjika AjIvikA grahaNa kii| bAda meM yagAnarUpa yogyatAyeM prApta kara samAjetara kSetra grahaNa kiyaa| isase inakA samAja meM jo sthAna thA, vaha to rahA ho, anya vidvat samAja meM bhI inakI pratiSThA bar3hI / ve Arthika dRSTi se paryApta svAvalambI bhI bane /

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jaina paMDita paraMparA : eka paridRzya 39 isa sadI ke cauthe-pAMcaveM dazaka meM mUrti chAtravRtti ke samAna yojanAoM se eka nayI paNDita pIr3hI kA nirmANa huaa| ye paNDita na kevala jaina vidyAoM ke hI jJAtA the, apitu inhoMne pAzcAtya zikSA kA bhI avasara paayaa| isase aneka jainavidyAvijJa ke sAtha vyavasAya-vidyAoM meM bhI niSNAta bane / Aja aneka vizva vidyAlayoM, jaina mahAvidyAlayoM yA saMskRtaprAkRta saMsthAnoM meM yahI pIr3hI sAmane hai / yahI pIr3hI takanoko kSetra meM bihAra, uttara-pradeza, rAjasthAna, madhyapradeza, mahArASTra Adi meM apanA yaza kamA rahI hai| yaha pIr3ho apanI guru-praguru paramparA kI tulanA meM samAjetara srotoM se apanI AjIvikA grahaNa kiye hue haiM aura apane pUrvavartI variSThoM se sampanna banatI jA rahI hai / isa pIr3hI ko jahA~ jaina-janetara vidvat-samAja meM acchA sthAna prApta ho rahA hai, vahIM jaina samAja meM, sAmAnyataH, usako vaha mAnyatA nahIM hai jo zAstrIya paNDitoM kI Aja bhI hai / isase isa pIr3hI meM kucha viziSTa mAnasikatA ke darzana hote haiM jo samAja ke prati upekSAvRtti ke dyotaka hai / isa varga meM purAne samaya kI svAntaHsukhAya sAmAjika ruci kI vRtti ke bho artha-sukhAya ke rUpa meM pariNata hone se adhyAtmasAdhaka digambara samAja kI sthiti eka nirvAta avasthA meM pahuMcatI jA rahI hai| AcAryoM ne kahA hai, "AdahidaM kaadbvN"| Akhira paNDita yA vidvAn ko bhI to AtmA hai| inhoMne apane guruoM ke udAharaNa dekhakara samAja kA marma samajhA hai aura tadanurUpa vRtti apanAnA apanA kartavya mAnA hai| isa dvitIya varga ke vartamAna aura bhaviSya ke prati zaMkita hokara jaina saMsthAoM meM punaH ekapakSIya zikSAnIti banI / isake yugAnurUpa na hAne se do pariNAma hue : (i) saMsthAoM meM uccatara adhyayana hetu vidyArthI AnA kama ho gayA / (ii) adhikAMza vidyArthI pAzcAtya paddhati para AdhArita upAdhiyoM yA unake samakakSa zikSaNa ke prati AkRSTa hae / unheM isI dizA meM AjIvikA ke acche srota pratIta hue / phalataH Aja sthiti yaha hai ki prAcya paddhati kI jaina zikSA prAyaH samApta dikha rahI hai aura zuddha nayI koTi ke Adhunika vidvAn janma le rahe haiN| inheM paNDita mAnane ko samAja taiyAra nahIM dikhtaa| ye jametara kSetroM meM hI apanI AjIvikA ke prati AzAvAn haiN| yaha varga vartamAna pIr3hI ke tIsare rUpa kA pratinidhi hai| isameM bhI sAmAjikatA tathA dharma ke prati mAdhyastha bhAva hai / isa varga ko saMkhyA kramazaH varSamAna hai| Adhunika paNDita varga kI ye tInoM hI koTiyA~ pUrvavartI koTi se bhinna stara para cala rahI hai| prathama varga ke mAjika evaM sAhityika saMsthAoM aura viziSTa zrImantoM se sahacarita hokara jIvana-kSetra meM rhe| inakI jJAnagarimA aura bAhya cAritra kI dhAka samAja para rhii| inhoMne aneka saMsthAoM kI sthApanA meM mIla ke patthara banakara bhASAntarita dhArmika sAhitya kA prakAzana kraayaa| isa pIDho ne jaina vidyAoM se sambandhita dhArmika, sAhityika, sAMskRtika evaM rAjanItika paramparA para vidvattApUrNa gaveSaNAyeM kii| isase jainetaroM meM bhI jaina vidyAoM ke prati anusandhAnAtmaka dRSTi koNa se anurAga utpanna huaa| isa varga ke paNDitoM ne naI pIDho ko janma to avazya diyA. para use preraNA yA mArgadarzana nahIM diyaa| isase inake ziSya varga ne jo, jahA~, jaisI dizA milI, grahaNa kii| isa varga kI utparivartita por3hI ne pratyakSataH to nahIM, parokSataH apane ziSya-praziSyoM ko naI dizA grahaNa karane ko preraNA dii| phalataH mUlabhata AdhAra ke bAvajUda bhI ve samAja para anAzrita AjIvikA kSetroM kI ora mur3e / unhoMne yaha bhI prayatna kiyA ki yA to ve svayaM apanI sAmAjika sAhityika saMsthA banAyeM yA aisI saMsthAoM meM apanA sthAna pAyeM jahA~ unake bhautika lakSya saphala ho skeN| prathama varga kI pIr3hI ko 91% santati ne paNDita vyavasAya nahIM apnaayaa| yaha tathya bhI ziSya-praziSyoM ko acarajakArI hote hue bhI unake manomanthana kA kAraNa bnaa| sambhavataH isI tathya ne unheM sAmAjika AjIvikA ke prati

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40 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa upekSita bnaayaa| phira bhI naye varga ne jaina dharma aura saMskRti kA nAma Age bar3hAyA hai| apane anusandhAnoM dvArA unhoMne jaina vidyAoM ke aneka aise pakSoM para prakAza DAlA hai jo isake pUrva anudghATita the| unhoMne apane pAzcAtyapaddhatigata evaM tulanAtmaka adhyayanoM dvArA vizva meM jaina vidyAoM ko gaurava diyA hai| Aja yahI pIr3hI vizva ke aneka bhAgoM meM honevAle rASTrIya evaM antarrASTrIya sammelano meM jaina vidyAoM ke pracAra-prasAra ke avasara pA rahI hai| inake yogadAna ko nagaNya nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isa yuga ke uparokta tInoM vargoM ke paNDita sAmAnyataH dharma-zAstrajJa evaM mukhyataH vidyAvyasanI rahe haiN| inhoMne dhArmika evaM sAmAjika kriyAoM ke pravartana kA netRtva nahIM kiyaa| yaha netRtva bhI sAmAjikatA ke liye Avazyaka hai| samAja meM sadaiva pratiSThApATha, udyApana, vidhAna, paJcakalyANaka Adi pravRttiyAM calatI rahatI haiN| inakA saJcAlana kauna kare ? pahale yaha kArya bhaTrAraka pantha meM dIkSita loga karate the| inake abhAva meM paNDitoM kA eka madhyama varga bhI bIsavIM sadI meM udita huaa| isa varga meM vidyAvyasanI kama, kriyAkAMDajJAnI adhika hai| yaha kSetra aba Arthika dRSTi se bhI AkarSaka bana gayA hai| isa varga kI saMkhyA bhI aba bar3hane lagI hai| jayapura evaM zAstripariSada ke zivira bhI isa kSetra ke liye prazikSaNa dene lage haiN| isa taraha jJAnakAMDI paNDitoM kI paramparA kI tulanA meM kriyAkAMDajJoM kI saMkhyA kucha bar3ha rahI hai| ise zubha lakSaNa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isase samAja meM aneka prakAra ke aise vAtAvaraNa panapane lage hai jo dhArmika aura naitika siddhAntoM se vicalita hone kI ora agrasara karate haiM / isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki sAdhu aura paNDita paramparA ne jaina saMskRti evaM sAhitya ke saMrakSaNa, pravartana evaM saMvardhana kA kAma kiyA hai| isa samaya ye paramparAyeM zAstrIya mAnyatAoM ke anurUpa vAtAvaraNa evaM kSamatAoM ko kSoNatA se apanA astitva zaktizAlI rUpa se prakaTa karane meM jaTilatA kA anubhava kara rahI hai| digambara paramparA ke pUjya sAdhu aura AcArya AcAra-pravaNa to hote hai, para inameM vicAra aura adhyayana-mananazIlatA virala hai| paMDitoM kI sthiti bhI Upara batAI jA cukI hai| yaha sacamuca hI sakriya evaM gahana cintana kA prazna hai ki aisI sthiti meM hama jaina saMskRti kI rimA ko kaise abhivadhita kara sakeMge? isI prazna kA samAdhAna khojane lagabhaga ATha varSa pUrva dillI meM 'jaina paMDita paramparA : bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya' para eka goSThI Ayojita kI gaI thii| usameM vidvAn vaktAoM se paMDitoM ke bhaviSya para kucha karaNIya sujhAvoM ko AzA tho para mujhe lagatA hai ki DaoN0 dayAnanda bhArgava kA nimna kathana vastusthiti ko spaSTa karatA hai: "paNDita bhAva sAdhu evaM bhAvayajJa kA pratIka hai| isa pratIka ke bhUtakAla kI carcA sabhI vaktAoM ne kI hai, para bhaviSya kI kisI ne carcA hI nahIM kii| kyA yaha paramparA bhaviSya meM naSTa honevAlI hai ? paNDita ko jJAna-AcAra vRddha honA cAhie aura samAja ko usakI AkAMkSAoM kI pUrti karanA caahie|" Aja samAja-Azrita yA samAja anAzrita vidvAn ko bhaviSya kI cintA hI nahIM dikhatI, sambhavataH use vartamAna hI adhika mahatvapUrNa dikhatA hai / dUradarzIpana kA yuga samApta ho gayA lagatA hai| isa paramparA ke kSoNa hote jAne kA anubhava sabhI kara rahe haiN| isakA mUla kAraNa yaha hai ki lakSmIvandana ke isa yuga meM sarasvatI putroM ko, samAja bhautika tathA mAnasika dRSTi se samucita poSaNa nahIM pradAna krtaa| isakI dazA 'jaina sandeza' ke 30 julAI 87 ke aMka ke eka samAcAra se anumAna kI jA sakatI hai jahA~ eka paNDita ko pichale 40 varSoM se 73 = 00 rupaye mAsika vetana diyA jA rahA hai| vidvat pariSad ke 300 = 00 ru0 mAsika ke nyUnatama vetana ke prastAva kI sAmAjika mAnyatA kA yaha eka acchA udAharaNa hai| varNI smRti grantha 1974 meM zAstrI ne paNDita paramparA kI kSINatA ke pAMca kAraNa batAye haiN| samAja-Azrita bahusaMkhyaka paNDitoM kI yahI niyati rahI hai / isake nimna pariNAma sAmane Ate rahe :

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1] (1) adhikAMza acche vidvAnoM kA pArivArika jIvana kaSTamaya rahA / (2) adhikAMza acche vidvAnoM ne apanI AjIvikA hetu dvitIyaka srota ke rUpa meM vibhinna sAhityika, sAmAjika saMsthAoM ko bhI apanI sevAeM dene kI prakriyA apanAI / lagane lagA / (3) eka samaya aisA AyA ki ye dvitIyaka srota vyaktiniSTha ho gaye / inameM naye logoM kA praveza asambhava-sA (4) paNDita ne ruci ke anurUpa kathanoM evaM kA bhI unheM AbhAsa milaa| bauddhika jar3atA ke anuyAyI bana gaye / jaina paMDita paraMparA : eka paridRzya 41 dekhA ki samAja ke karNadhAra mukhyataH dhanapati hI hote haiM / unhoMne anubhava kiyA ki unakI pravRttiyoM se hI jIvikA cAlU rakhI jA sakatI hai| parivartana yA navInatA ke prati aruci isI ke anurUpa unhoMne vyavahAra karanA prArambha kiyA / ve sthitisthApakatA ke poSaka evaM (5) paNDita ne parAzritatA ko to apanI niyati mAnA para unhoMne apanI santati ko isa sthiti se ubhArane kA dRr3ha antaHsaMkalpa liyA | isake phalasvarUpa paNDitoM kI santatiyoM ke 97% ne vyavasAyoM kI paitRkatA ko bhAratIya paramparA ko asvIkAra kiyA / yaha sthiti paNDita pIr3hI ke hrAsa kA pramukha kAraNa hai / vaha adhika nAstika evaM bhautika banI / (6) apane kuNThA evaM abhAvagrasta jIvana ke abhizApa ke kaSToM ke anubhava se isa kSetra meM Ane ke lie prerita nahIM kiyA / ve isa prakriyA meM dharma-adharmaM dravya ke samAna phala hue : (a) kisI bhI paNDita kA koI yogya uttarAdhikArI na bana sakA ! (ba) isa kAraNa paNDitoM kA apane-apane kSetroM meM ekAdhipatya to huA para bhaviSya andhakAramaya isa sthiti meM naI pIr3hI madhyastha ho gaI / paNDita janoM ne kisI ko bhI udAsIna bane rhe| isake aneka (sa) samucita preraNA ke abhAva meM naI pIr3hI ne AjIvikA ke adhika upayogI kSetra cunane kI svataMtratA lI / (7) vidyamAna pIr3hI dvArA preraNA ke abhAva evaM vartamAna pariveza meM samAja se samucita jIvikA kI pratyAzA ke abhAva kI AzaMkA se samAja dvArA sthApita sAgara, kAzI, bInA Adi kI saMsthAoM kI hariyAlI sUkhane lagI / isa samaya yA to ve bhagnAvazeSa ho rahI haiM yA dizA badala rahI haiM / gayA / (8) ina pariNAmoM ke apavAda meM bhI kucha loga pAye jAte haiM / inakI sevAyeM bhI sAmAnya paNDitoM kI apekSA adhika sthAyI koTi kI mAnI jAtI haiM / ina pariNAmoM ke pariprekSya meM yadi hameM dhArmikatA evaM sAmAjikatA kI jyoti prajvalita rakhakara jIvana ko pragata banAtA hai, to hameM paNDita paramparA ko surakSA evaM saMvardhana ko bAta socanI hogI / hameM uparokta pariNAmoM kA vizleSaNa kara aisI prakriyA nirdhArita karanI hogI jo isa paramparA ko kSoNa hone ke kAraNoM kA nirAkaraNa kara sake / yaha prasannatA kI bAta hai ki isa ora kucha saMsthAoM kA dhyAna gayA hai / ve niyamita saMsthAoM evaM alpakAlika ziviroM ke mAdhyama se bIsavIM sadI ke AThaveM dazaka ke uttarArdha kI paNDita por3hI taiyAra kara rahI haiN| unheM Arthika svAvalambana kA AzvAsana bhI diyA jA rahA hai / isa por3hI ke agaNita paNDita Apako bhAdrapada mAsa meM tathA anya avasaroM para bhArata ke kone-kone meM dharma dhvaja phaharAte mileNge| samAja meM aneka kSetroM meM isa pIr3hI ke prati Akroza bhI vyakta kiyA jA rahA hai / anekAnta siddhAnta ke mAnane vAle ghora ekAntavAda kA Azraya lekara matabhedoM kI tIvratA para 6

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42 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa utarate dikhate haiN| vaise paNDitoM meM matabheda koI naI bAta nhiiN| isakA prabhAva samAja ko vikRta na kare, yaha mahatvapUrNa hai / samAcAra patroM kI sUcanAoM se patA calatA hai ki isa samaya pramukha do matoM ke poSaka paNDitoM kA anupAta 95 : 235 hai / isase samAja meM vikRti ke lakSaNa prakaTa hote dikhate haiN| vidvAnoM kA uttara hai ki ve vikRti kI zikSA nahIM dete, zAstrIya mArga kA upadeza dete haiM / para yadi samayasAra ke pArAyaNa se TIkamagar3ha, lalitapura, karelI, ujjaina, hastinApura aura anyatra sira-phuTauvala hotI hai, to isakA parokSa mala to khojanA hI caahiye| aise mArga ko sanmArga meM pariNata karane kA upAya kyA hai ? yaha vartamAna paNDita paramparA ke sAmane jaTila prazna hai / nayI pIr3hI ko Arthika svAvalambana ke sAtha aise praznoM kA samAdhAna bhI khojanA hogaa| yadi naI evaM bhAvI pIr3hI 'AdahidaM kAdabba' ke upadeza se prasUta AtmakendraNa kI vRtti se digambara pantha ko mukta kara kucha udAratA de sake, to samAja para usakA ananta upakAra hogaa| nirdeza 1. AzAdhara, paNDita; anagAra dharmAmRta, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1977 peja 18 / 2. nAthUrAma premI (sampA0, sva0); adhaMkathAnaka, yuvA phaiDarezana, jayapura, 1987, peja 87 / 3. nemicandra zAstrI; bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unako AcArya paramparA, 1-4, di0 jaina vidvat pariSad, sAgara, 1974 / 4. dekhie nirdeza 2 peja 49 / 5. satIza kumAra jaina; progresiva jainsa Ava iMDiyA, zramaNa sAhitya saMsthAna, dillI, 1975 / 6. sorayA, vimalakumAra; vidvat abhinandana grantha, zIstri, baDIta, 1976 / 7.paM. daulatarAma; jaina kriyA koSa, jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA, 1927 / 8. zAstrI, paM0 padmacandra; anekAnta, dillI, 40, 1, 1987, peja 30 / 9. zAstrI, paM0 jaganmohanalAla; varNI smRti-prantha, di0 jaina vidvat pariSad, sAgara, 1974, peja 37 /

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vindhya kSetra ke jaina vidvAn-1. TIkamagar3ha aura chatarapura kamalakumAra jaina chatarapura svatantratA prApti ke uparAnta choTI riyAsatoM ke saMgha meM vilInIkaraNa yojanA ke antargata bundela khaNDa aura baghela khaNDa kI 36 riyAsatoM ko milAkara 1948 meM vindhya pradeza kA nirmANa huA thaa| isameM rIvA, satanA, zahaDola, sIdhI, pannA, chatarapura, TIkamagar3ha aura datiyA ke ATha jile samAhita he| vindhya kSetra ke sAMskRtika vikAsa meM jaina dharma aura saMskRti kA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| bundela khaNDa kSetra ke chatarapura, TIkamagar3ha aura pannA jile to isa dRSTi se vipula bhaNDAra ke srota hai| jahA~ chatarapura jile meM droNagiri, rezaMdIgiri ke samAna tIrthabhUmiyA~ hai, vahIM vahA~ khajurAho jaise vizvavikhyAta kalAtIrtha bhI haiN| udamaU, dhabelA, jagata sAgara, chatarapura, jacaTTa Adi meM vipula jaina purAtattva upalabdha ho rahA hai| Tokamagar3ha jile meM bhI papaurA, ahAra, bar3A gAMva Adi tIrthabhUmiyoM ke atirikta bhUdaura Adi sthAnoM para janamatiyA~ paryApta sthAnoM para Aja bhI bikharI par3I hai| pannA jile meM sIrA pahAr3I, salehA, ajayagar3ha Adi aise sthAna haiM jahA~ vipula jainamUrtiyA~ haiM / isa kSetra ke jaina-purAtatvI hone ke kAraNa isa kSetra meM jaina bidvAnoM ke astitva kA anumAna sahaja hI hotA hai| chatarapura evaM TIkamagar3ha aise jile hai jahA~ prAyaH grAmAnugrAma meM jaina mandira aura samAja pAyI jAtI hai| isase bhI anumAna lagatA hai ki isa kSetra meM jaina vidvAn paryApta mAtrA meM hone cAhie / inake vivaraNa ke saMkalana ke lie paryApta samaya evaM zodha kI AvazyakatA hai| prastuta vivaraNa isa dizA meM kArya karane kI preraNA degA, aisA vizvAsa hai / isa lekha meM TIkamagar3ha evaM chatarapura jile ke kucha vidvAnoM kA vivaraNa dene kA prayatna kara rahA huuN| TIkamagar3ha ke jaima vidvAna : (1) paMDita devIdAsa jI TIkamagar3ha jile ko jaina vidvAnoM kI khAna mAnA jAtA hai| pichale tIna sau varSoM ke itihAsa ko dekhane para yahA~ aneka bidvAnoM kA patA calA hai| ye pratibhA ke dhanI the| inhoMne jaina sAhitya ke kSetra meM ullekhanIya kArya kara sammAnanIya sthAna prApta kiyA hai| TIkamagaDha ke vidvAnoM meM sarvaprathama zrI devIdAsajI kA nAma pramukhatA se liyA jAtA hai| inakA janma isa jile ke digaur3A grAma meM huA thaa| inakA vizeSa paricaya upalabdha nahIM hai| phira bhI, inhoMne jIva caturbhedAdi battIsI kI racanA 1753 I0 meM kI tho| yaha unako pahalo racanA mAnI jAtI hai| itanA to nizcita hai ki isa samaya kavi kI Ayu lagabhaga 20-25 varSa kI rahI hogii| ataH unakA janma 1728-33 ke bIca huA hogaa| granthakAra kI antima racanA pravacanasAra padyAnuvAda hai / ise 1767-68 meM samApta huA batAyA gayA hai| isameM hI granthakAra ne apanA paricaya diyA hai| ye golAlAre jAti ke zrI santoSamanajI ke suputra the| devIdAsajI kI racanAyeM vividha rUpa meM haiN| jaba taka inakI 29 racanAyeM prApta huI hai| inameM pUjana, bhajana kI aneka racanAyeM haiN| inakI caturvizati jinapUjana nAmaka racanA droNaprAMtIya navayuvaka sevA saMdha, droNagiri (chatarapura) ne prakAzita kI hai| inakI racanAoM meM jIva caturbhedAdi battIsI, paramAnanda stotra, jina antarAvalI, dharma paccIsI, paMcapada paccIso, pukAra paccIsI, vItarAga paccIsI, darzana chattIsI, ar3atIsI, buddha bAbanI, tIna mUr3hatA, devazAstra guru pUjA, zIlAMga caturdazI, sapta vyasana kavittaM, dazadhA samyaktva trayodazI, viveka battIsI, svajoga rAcharo, bhavAnarAbalI,

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44 paM0 jara mohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa joga paccIsI, paMcacaraNa kavitta, dvAdaza bhAvanA bAvanI, jina stuti, AdinAtha stuti, 24 tIrthaharoM kI pUjAyeM, aMga pUjA, phuTakara bhajana, paJcamakAla kI viparIta dazA aura pravacanasAra padyAnuvAda Adi prasiddha haiN| yadyapi kavi svayaM ko alpajJa mAnatA hai, para inakI racanAoM kI koTi utkRSTa mAnI gaI hai| kavi ne apanI racanAyeM prAyaH svAntaH sukhAya evaM jina bhaktivaza likhI hai| unakI racanAoM meM pUjana-bhajanoM ke atirikta aneka saMskRta-prAkRta AdhyAtmika granthoM ke padyAnuvAda pramukha haiN| kavi ne apanI racanAoM meM savaiyA, kabitta Adi chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| inhoMne sarvatobhadra, kaTArabandha, kamalabandha Adi mizrabandha kI bhI racanAyeM kI haiN| ina racanAoM se kavi kI adbhuta kavitvazakti kA paricaya milatA hai| inakI adhikAMza racanAoM meM AdhyAtmikatA, udbodhanAtmakatA tathA bhaktivAda ke darzana hote haiN| bundela khaNDa meM ye atyanta lokapriya hai| inameM mAnava mAtra ko svayaM ko pahacAnane kA mArga batAyA gayA hai| ye racanAyeM hindI jagata meM bhI mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhatI hai / pa0 ThAkuradAsa jI bI0 e0 zAstrI TIkamagar3ha jile ke yazasvI jaina vidvAnoM meM paM0 ThAkuradAsa jI zAstrI kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| ApakA janma tAlabehaTa jilA lalitapura meM huA thaa| bAda meM Apa TIkamagar3ha meM Akara rahane lage the| bI0 e0 evaM zAstrI karane ke pazcAta Apane zikSA vibhAga meM adhyApana kiyaa| Apa saMskRta, hindI va aMgrejI ke bahazrata vidvAna the| jaina dharma meM vizeSa ruci hone ke kAraNa Apane jainazAstroM kA gahana adhyayana kiyaa| ApakI pratibhA se tatkAlIna orachA nareza zrI vIrasiMhaja deva atyanta prabhAvita the| sAhityika ruci ke kAraNa zrI banArasIdAsa jI caturvedI aura zrI yazapAla jana se bhI ApakA sambandha rhaa| AdhyAtmika santa paMDita gaNeza prasAda jI varNI bhI Apase atyanta anarAga rakhate the| bAbajI zikSA-saMsthAoM ke saMcAlana meM bar3e dakSa the| isIliye Apa zrI vIra di0 jaina saMskRta vidyAlaya. papaurA ke 18 varSa taka maMtrI rahe / Apake maMtritva kAla meM vidyAlaya kI bar3I unnati huii| unake samaya meM vidyAlaya se aise yogya chAtra nikale jA Aja jainoM meM coTI ke vidvAn gine jAte haiM / niHsaMdeha bAbUjI eka sajIva saMsthA the / ApakA jIvana sAdA aura vicAra ucca the| bAbUjI kuzala lekhaka aura vaktA the| Apake aneka mahatvapUrNa lekha hai jo vartamAna zodhakartAoM ke liye mArga darzaka haiM / ApakA lekha, "ahAra nArAyaNapura aitihAsika sthala hai" mahattvapUrNa eva khojapUrNa hai / yaha ahAra kI prAcInatA eva purAtatva kI sAmagrI para mahatvapUrNa prakAza DAlatA hai| Apane atizaya kSetra papaurA kA paricaya bhI "papaurASTaka" ke nAma se saMskRta meM likhA hai / Apane saMskRta maMgalASTaka kA hindI meM padyAnuvAda bhI kiyA hai / Apa apane samaya ke prabhAvI vidvAn evaM vaktA rahe haiN| pro. sukhanandana jI pro0 sukhanandanajI TIkamagar3ha jile ke vyutpanna vidvAna, kuzala evaM nirbhIka lekhaka aura vaktA ke rUpa meM jAne jAte rhe| ApakA janma baramA tAla nAmaka choTe se grAma meM huA thaa| Apane saMskRta-hindI meM ema0 e0 evaM sAhityAcArya kI upAdhiyAM prApta kii| Apa eka sAtha hindI, saMskRta aura aMgrejI ke vidvAn rahe haiN| Apane sahAramapura gurUkula meM pradhAnAcArya evaM vyAkaraNa-sAhityAdhyApaka ke pada para kArya kiyA / Apa bahuta samaya taka zrI di0 jaina snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, bar3auta meM rIDara evaM saMskRta vibhAgAdhyakSa rahe hai / janadarzana meM nayavAda para zodha prabandha likhakara pI0 eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi prApta kii| ApakI ruci adhyayana, cintana, pravacana aura lekhana meM rahI hai / Apa ucca koTi ke lekhaka evaM

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1] vindhya kSetra ke jaina vidvAn- 1. TIkAgar3ha aura chatarapura 45 prabhAvaka vaktA rahe haiM / Apa apanI yogyatA ke bala para meraTha vizvavidyAlaya meM borDa Apha sTaDIja evaM saMskRta pariSada ke sadasya rahe haiN| ApakI yogyatA, samAja-sevA evaM sAhitya-sRjana se prabhAvita hokara vIra nirvANa bhAratI ne samAja ratna kI upAdhi evaM 2500/- ru0 kA puraskAra pradAna kara sammAnita kiyaa| samAja kA yaha honahAra, yogya vidvAna asamaya meM hI isa dharA se sadaiva ke liye uTha gayA / zrI paM0 khunnI lAla jI ( 1900 - 1988 ) nirantara zAstra svAdhyAya meM rata zrI paM0 khunnI lAla jI ( aba jJAnAnanda jI ) kA janma 1900 meM huA thA / dharma, nyAya, vyAkaraNa kA adhyayana karane ke pazcAt Apane vyavasAya karanA prArambha kiyaa| Apa samAja sevA ke kSetra meM hamezA Age rahe haiM / zrI digambara jaina vidyAlaya, papIrA jI ke sambardhana meM ApakI sevAyeM maMtrI - adhyakSa ke rUpa meM prApta hotI rahI haiM / Apane akalaMka sarasvatI sadana, "jJAnAmRta" pustakAlayoM kI sthApanA kI / Apake pravacana prabhAvazAlI hote haiM / Apa jJAna aura caritra ke dhanI haiM / Apa atyanta sarala svabhAva ke haiM aura anokhI sUjhabUjha ke haiM / isIse ve samAja kI jaTila se jaTila gutthiyoM ko AsAnI se hala kara dete haiM / sAmAjika vaimanasya ko to Apa isa taraha khatma karA dete haiM jaise kabhI rahI hI na ho| dIna-anAthoM ke prati Apa dayAlu prakRti ke haiN| jJAna, cAritra aura mRdu vyavahAra se Apa samAja meM bahumAnya haiM / zrI paM0 govinda dAsa jI (1919 - ) purAtattva kI khAna ahAra, jilA TIkamagar3ha meM paM0 govinda dAsa jI kA janma san 1919 meM huA / koThiyA vaMza meM janma lene ke kAraNa Apa apane nAma ke sAtha koThiyA bhI likhate haiM / Apane ema. e., sAhityAcAryaM, nyAyatIrtha kI parIkSAyeM uttIrNa karane ke pazcAt mahAra, indaura, murainA Adi ke jaina vidyAlayoM meM pradhAnAcArya ke rUpa meM kArya kiyA hai / ApameM sAhityika pratibhA hai / ApakI racanAoM meM jJAnamAla paccIsI, ahAra vaibhava, amarasandeza, ahAra darzana, prAcIna zilAlekha ( ahAra ) prakAzita haiM tathA zAntinAtha saMgrahAlaya kI paricayAtmaka sUcI, candraprabhu carita, cauthA sarga kI hindI-saMskRta TIkA, dharmazarmAbhyudaya chaThavA~ sarga kI hindI-saMskRta TIkA, ahAra kA itihAsa, rAMgA kI cAMdI nATaka aprakAzita mahatvapUrNa racanAyeM haiM / Apa saMskRta, hindI aura vyAkaraNa ke vidvAna haiM tathA adhyApana - adhyayana - lekhana hI Apake pramukha kArya haiM / Apa atyanta sarala, vinamra aura mRdu svabhAvI haiM / Apake dvArA racita sAhitya mahatvapUrNa hai / aprakAzita sAhitya ko zIghra prakAzita karane ke liye prakAzakoM kI pratIkSA hai / Apa kuzala vaidya bhI haiM / paM0 kizorI lAla jI (1905 - 1953) pratiSThA vizeSajJa paM0 kizorI lAla jI zAstrI mUlataH mAlathauna jilA sAgara ke nivAsI haiN| ApakA karane ke uparAMta Apane sAdUmala evaM papaurA vidyAlaya meM vyavasAya karane lage / Apane pratiSThA graMthoM kA adhyayana kara saha-sampAdaka rahe haiM / Apane vidhavA-vivAha mImAMsA, zUdra ApakA jIvana sAdA, sarala thA janma 1905 meM huA thaa| zAstrI taka zikSA grahaNa zikSaNa kArya kiyA / san 1943 se Apa apanA svataMtra pratiSThA kArya kiyaa| nau varSa taka Apa jainagajaTa ke jalatyAga mImAMsA Adi mahatvapUrNa lekhoM dvArA samAja ko svastha vicAra diye haiN| aura dhArmika zraddhA aTUTa thI / 1 zrI paM0 gulAba candra jI puSpa (1924 > kakaravAhA jilA TIkamagar3ha ke janme 'puSpa' upanAma se prasiddha mRdubhASI, sarala, zrI gulAba candra jI puSpa jyotiSa, vaidyaka aura pratiSThA ke niSNAta vidvAn haiM / saMgIta meM vizeSa ruci hone se Apake dvArA karAye jAne

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46 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa vAle dhArmika Ayojana prabhAvaka hote haiN| Apa kA janma aSAr3ha zukla 8 san 1924 meM huA thaa| ApakI sAhitya janA meM bhI ruci hone ke kAraNa paMcakalyANaka bhajana Adi Apane svayaM race haiN| cikitsA vidvAna evaM saMgraha ApakI sampAdita racanAyeM haiN| pratiSThA kAryoM meM Apa siddhahasta haiN| Apane siddhakSetra droNagiri, kizanagar3ha, khajurAho, saradhanA, hastinApura, ahamadAbAda, vInAbArahA Adi sthAnoM meM paMcakalyANaka jinabimba pratiSThA evaM mahA gajaratha mahotsava jaise vizAla mahotsava bar3I kuzalatA, yogyatA, prabhAvanA aura nirvighnatA se sampanna karAye / Apako droNaprAMtIya navayuvaka sevA-saMgha ne 1977 meM sammAnita kara vANIbhUSaNa kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA hai / paM. kamala kumAra jI zAstrI vANIbhUSaNa paM0 kamala kumAra jI nArAyaNapura, jilA TIkamagar3ha ke nivAsI haiN| ahAra, papaurA evaM indaura ke vidyAlayoM meM zikSA grahaNa karane ke uparAMta Apane zrI di0 jaina vIra vidyAlaya, papaurA meM kucha samaya taka pradhAnAdhyApaka ke pada para kArya kiyaa| Apa kuzala evaM prabhAvI vaktA haiN| ahamadAbAda meM Apako vANIbhUSaNa kI upAdhi se alaMkRta kiyA gayA hai| ApameM sAhitya ke prati ruci hai / papaurAdarzana ApakI padya racanA hai / sAtha hI, samaya-samaya para jaina patroM meM samAja sudhAraka lekha prakAzita hote rahate haiN| Apane 1964 meM gajaratha patrikA papaurA jI kA sampAdana bhI kiyA hai / Apa mRdubhASI, prasannacitta, udAra aura karmaTha sAmAjika kAryakartA bhI haiN| paM0 pUrNa candra jI "sumana" kakaratrAhA jilA TIkamagar3ha ke vidvAn sumana nAma se prasiddha paM0 pUrNacandra jI ne kAvyatIrtha, zAstrI taka zikSA prApta karane ke bAda zAhagar3ha, navApArA rAjima ke jaina vidyAlayoM meM bahuta samaya taka adhyayana kArya kiyaa| isake pazcAt durga meM svataMtra vyavasAya sthApita kiyA hai| pUjya varNI jI se prabhAvita evaM preraNA prApta kara Apane kavitA karanA prArambha kiyaa| saMgIta meM vizeSa ruci ke kAraNa sumana saMgIta saritA kI racanA kii| isake alAvA nemI kAvya, bhaktAmara padyAnuvAda, abhinaya, nATaka evaM saMvAdoM kI racanA kI hai| Apa prAyaH sAmAjika saMgaThana evaM sadhArAtmaka lekhoM ko likhate haiM jo jaina mitra, chattIsagar3ha kesarI, dainika navabhArata Adi meM samaya-samaya para prakAzita hote rahate haiM / rAjanIti meM bhI Apa sakriya haiM / jaina vidvAnoM kI daSTi se niHsaMdeha TIkamagar3ha jilA vidvAnoM kI khAna rahA hai| yahA~ aneka yogya vidvAn, sAhityakAroM va lekhakoM ne janma lekara jaina samAja, saMskRti evaM dharma kI mahAn sevA karate huye rASTra kI bhI mahatI sevA kI hai| uparokta vidvAnoM ke atirikta paThA nivAsI paM0 vAre lAla jI ne, jinheM sarvasAdhAraNa rAjavaidya ke nAma se jAnatI hai, lagabhaga 40 varSa se adhika ahAra kSetra ke maMtrI ke rUpa meM mahatI sevA kI hai, prasiddha jyotiSI aura vaidya rahe haiN| varamAtAla ke zrI brajalAla jI ema. e., ema. eDa., kArI nivAsI paM0 ratana candra jI, erorA jilA TIkamagar3ha ke zrI paM0 saramana lAla jI upanAma divAkara, mavaI ke paM0 bAbUlAla jI sudheza, jatArA jilA TIkamagar3ha ke paM0 dhanazyAma dAsa jI zAstrI Adi aise vidvAn haiM jinake dvArA jaina dharma aura saMskRti kI mahatI sevA ho rahI hai| ye sAmAjika saMgaThana ke liye mahatvapUrNa kArya kara rahe haiN| chatarapura jile meM jaina vidvAn purAne vindhya-pradeza meM chatarapura jilA jaina saMskRti, purAtattva aura sAhitya se sampanna rahA hai| yahA~ jaina saMskRti evaM purAtattva ke pratIka zrI digambara jaina siddhakSetra droNagiri, rezandIgiri (nainAgiri) evaM kalAtIrtha khajurAho ke alAvA chatarapura ke samRddha vizAla jaina mandira, DerA pahAr3I sthita cahAra dIvArI ke andara cAra vizAla jaina mandira,

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1] vindhya kSetra ke jaina vidvAn-1. TIkamagar3ha aura chatarapura 47 melA grAunDa meM sthita jaina mandira, urda maU kA prAcIna zAntinAtha digambara jaina mandira, dhaurA ke vizAla jaina mandira, jagata sAgara ke jaina mandira, acaTTa meM prApta prAcIna jaina pratimAyeM isa bAta ke jIvanta pramANa haiN| jile meM lagabhaga 30% grAmoM meM jaina samAja aura jaina mandira haiN| jile meM jaina samAja kI paryApta saMkhyA hone para nizcata hI vidvAnoM kI bahulatA honI cAhiye / isa dRSTi se jaba hama itihAsa dekhate haiM to lagabhaga 300 varSoM se yaha pramANa milate haiM ki yahA~ paryApta jaina vidvAn rahe haiM / inhoMne apane dharmArAdhana ke alAvA sAhitya sambarddhana evaM sRjana meM bhI mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyA hai / gaur3a rAjAoM kI pUrva rAjadhAnI khaTaulA meM jaina samAja bahumAnya rhaa| vahA~ bhI-vidvAnoM kI paramparA rahI hai / varddhamAna purANa ke racayitA paM0 navala zAha khaTaulA ke hI mUla nivAsI the| bAda meM Apane bhelasI jilA TIkamagar3ha apanA nivAsa bnaayaa| unhoMne apane graMtha ke anta meM apanA paricaya diyA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki unake pUrvaja to bhelasI ke nivAsI the| ye khaTolA meM rahate the| chatarapura meM sthita DerA pahAr3I ( jise pAMDe bAbA bhI kahate haiM ) para paM0 bhAgavalI aura bAla kizuna ke rahane kA ullekha milatA hai / inakA kArya zAstra likhane kA rahA hai / paryApta prayAsa karane para chatarapura jile ke jina jaina vidvAnoM kI jAnakArI prApta ho sakI hai aura jinhoMne jaina dharma, samAja evaM sAhitya kI zrIvRddhi meM apanA yogadAna diyA hai, unakA saMkSipta paricaya yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai| yaha zodhakartAoM ke liye lAbhakArI hogA, aisI AzA hai / kavivara paNDita navala zAha ( 1743-) varddhamAna purANa ke racayitA kavivara navala zAha ke pUrvaja TIkamagar3ha jilA ke grAma bhelasI ke nivAsI the| bAda meM ye khaTolA meM A gaye the jo chatarapura jile kI vijAvara tahasIla meM bar3AmalaharA ke pUrva meM lagabhaga 10 mIla kI dUrI para sthita hai| pUrva meM yaha grAma unnata grAma rahA hai aura gaur3a rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI rahA hai / jaina samAja ke sAtha hI sabhI sampradAya ke vyakti nivAsa karate the| vartamAna meM yaha grAma Ujar3a ho gayA hai aura mAtra kucha kRSakoM ke ghara hI vahA~ para sthita haiN| kavi ne apanI racanA meM svayaM apanA paricaya diyA hai| navalazAha ke vaMzaja prakRti prakopa ke kAraNa grAma bhelasI chor3a khaTaulA meM A gaye the| inake pitA kA nAma detA rAma aura mAtA kA nAma prAnamati thaa| ye cAra bhAI the jinameM jeSTha navalazAha hI the| isake alAvA tulArAma, ghAsIrAma aura khumAna siMha anya bhAI the| navalazAha jaina siddhAnta ke adhikArI vidvAn the aura ye kAvyagata sabhI chaMdoM ke jJAtA the| inhoMne sakala kIrti AcArya ke vardhamAna purANa ke AdhAra para vardhamAna purANa kI padyAtmaka racanA kI hai| kavi ne pUrNa vidvAn hote huye bhI apanI laghutA ko pragaTa kiyA hai / unhoMne varddhamAna purANa kI racanA bhaktivaza evaM svAntaHsukhAya kI / ise graMtha ke anta meM kavi ne svayaM bhI likhA hai| kavi ne apane janma ke sambandha meM kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| apane grantha meM unhoMne yaha ullekha to kiyA hai ki ye golApUrva caMderiyAvaMza ke the| ataH inakA samaya nirdhAraNa inake dvArA racita varddhamAna purANa kI samApti samvat se kiyA jA sakatA hai / vardhamAna purANa kI samApti vi0 saM0 1825 phAguna zukla pUrNamAsI budhavAra san 1768 ko huI hai / isase yaha anumAna to lagAyA hI jA sakatA hai ki kavi kA janma isa samvat se kama 25-30 varSa pUrva avazya huA hogA / ataH inakA janma kAla 1743 se pUrva kA honA caahiye| kavi dvArA racita varddhamAna purANa kI racanA 16 adhikAroM meM huyI hai| kavi ne isa purANa kI racanA 16 adhikAroM meM hI kyoM kI, isakA aucitya svayaM kavi ne hI batAyA hai / unhoMne solaha svapna, SoDaza kAraNa bhAvanA, solaha svarga tathA cadramA kI 16 kalAoM meM solaha kI saMkhyA kA mahatva dekhA aura apane purANa meM solaha adhyAya rakhe / isa purANa meM Apane jaina-jAtiyoM ke sambandha meM bhI vivaraNa diyA hai /

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48 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa kavi ne apane grantha meM chappaya, caupAI, dohA, gItikA Adi sabhI chandoM kA upayoga kiyA hai| isase kavi ke chandazAstra aura kAvyagata sabhI vizeSatAoM kI vizeSajJatA kA patA calatA hai| yaha grantha jaina siddhAnta ke marma se bharA-pUrA hai / isameM mahAvIra kA sampUrNa caritra bar3I sundaratA ke sAtha likhA gayA hai / kavivara paNDita javAhara lAla jI chatarapura meM janme javAhara lAla jI aise kaviyoM meM se haiM jo mahatvapUrNa avasaroM para prAyaH smaraNa kiye jAte haiM / jaina sampradAya ke saMyama aura sAdhanA ke parva daza lakSaNa ke antima dina hama apane kavi kA smaraNa unake dvArA racita DhAroM ke mAdhyama se ( jo kalazAbhiSeka ke samaya kI jAtI hai, ) karate haiN| chatarapura nagara meM hara daza lakSaNa kI caturdazI ko kalazAbhiSeka ke samaya Aja bhI kavivara paNDita javAhara lAla jI dvArA racita DhAroM kA hI vAcana kiyA jAtA hai| javAhara lAla jI ke pitA kA nAma motIlAla thA aura ye bhArUmurI bhArilla gotra ke the| inake mAmA amarAvatI meM rahate the| vi0 saM0 1891 san 1834 ke lagabhaga ve chatarapura chor3akara amarAvatI cale gaye / unhoMne paMcakalyANaka vidhAna, sammeda zikhara siddha kSetra pUjA, muktAgiri pUjA, antarikSa prabhu antarajAmI Adi kI racanA kii| Apa kI kavitA-zakti anokhI thii| jaina siddhAnta kA gahana adhyayana thaa| ApakI racanAoM meM adhyAtma hI adhyAtma bharA hai| kavi kI padAvalI meM 31 sarasa pada saMkalita haiN| ye pada saMsAra kI a tathA manuSya jIvana kI sArthakatA kI ora saMketa karane vAle haiM / kavi kA dRSTikoNa saMkucita nahIM hai| unhoMne apane padoM meM prANImAtra ko bhI sambodhita kara sahI mArga dikhAyA hai / kavi ne kahA hai ki vaha saMsAra meM akelA hI AyA hai, akelA hI jAvegA, koI sAthI nahIM hai| isase bhava saMsAra se pAra utArane ke liye bhagavAn se prIti kr| aise aneka pada haiM jinake mAdhyama se kavi ne prANI ko apane durlabha mAnava jIvana kA sadupayoga kara zubhagati prApta karane kI salAha dI hai| kavi ne soraThA, lAvanI, dohA, kaharavA Adi kA prayoga kiyA hai| kavi kI racanAyeM jaina sAhitya meM zreSTha sthAna rakhatI haiN| inakA vyaktigata jIvana zodha kA viSaya hai| paM0 paramAnanda jI zAstrI ( 1908-1979) jaina itihAsa, purAtatva evaM saMskRti ke adhikArI vidvAnoM kI zreNI meM paM0 paramAnanda jI zAstrI kA nAma pahale liyA jAtA hai| paM0 paramAnanda jI kA janma chatarapura jile meM rezandIgiri (nainAgiri) ke nikaTa grAma nivAra meM zrAvaNa kRSNa 4 vi0 saM0 1965 (san 1908) ko huaa| Apake pitA sa0 siMdhaI zrI darayAva siMdhaI evaM mAtA mUlAbAI thiiN| grAma meM hI prArambhika zikSA prApta karane ke uparAnta zrI gaNeza varNI di0 jaina saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara se nyAyatIrtha, nyAyazAstrI kI zikSA grahaNa kI / bundelakhaNDa ke AdhyAtmika santa pUjya gaNeza prasAda jI varNI se jaina nyAya ke prameya kamala mArtaNDa, aSTa sahasrI jaise atyanta kaThina graMthoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| khataulI, salAvA aura zAhapura ke jaina vidyAlayoM meM adhyApana kArya karane ke pazcAt 1936 meM zrI vIra sevA mandira TrasTa sarasAvA meM itihAsavid jugala kizora jI mukhtAra ke sAnidhya meM pahu~ca gaye / ApakI ruci nirantara prAcIna granthoM ke adhyayana meM rahatI thii| isase saubhAgya se Apako apanI ruci ke anusAra graMthoM ke Alor3ana, adhyayana aura prakAzana sthala vIra sevA mandira jaisA sthAna milA jahAM Apane jaina sAhitya-saMskRti kI jo mahAn sevA kI hai, vaha jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa meM svarNAkSaroM se aMkita hai| paMDita jI patrakAritA meM agraNI vidvAn rahe haiN| Apane aneka mahatvapUrNa, khojapUrNa zodha nibandhoM ko likhA hai| prAcIna vidvAnoM kI aprakAzita mahatvapUrNa racanAoM kI khoja kI aura unakA jIvana paricaya evaM unakI

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vindhya kSetra ke jaina vidvAna-1. TIkamagar3ha aura chatapura 49 racanAoM para lekha samAja ke sAmane lAne kA zreya liyaa| Apane prAcIna vidvAnoM meM devIdAsa jI digaur3A aura unake dvArA racita anekoM racanAyeM, jo yatra-tatra zAstra bhaNDAroM meM hastalikhita rUpa meM par3I thI, khoja kara aura unake prakAzana kI vyavasthA kara durlabha mahatvapUrNa jaina bhajana, pUjAyeM samAja ko sulabha kI haiN| droNa prAntIya navayuvaka sevA saMgha, droNa-giri dvArA vartamAna cauvIsI jina pUjana kA prakAzana ApakI hI preraNA se huA hai| Apane lagabhaga 300 zodhapUrNa nibandha likhe haiM jo anekAnta, jaina sandeza zodhAMkoM, jaina siddhAnta bhAskara Adi mahatvapUrNa patrikAoM meM prakAzita haye haiN| unake nibandhoM kA hI eka pRthaka se saMkalana kara prakAzana kiyA jAya, to niHsandeha jaina sAhitya para zodha karane vAle zodhArthiyoM ke liye anokhA saMdarbha-graMtha bana skegaa| ApakA sAhitya ke kSetra meM itanA vizAla kArya hai ki yadi koI vizvavidyAlaya inake zodhapUrNa nibandhoM aura sAhityika kAryoM kA Akalana kare, to DI. liTa kI sammAnita upAdhi prApta ho sakatI hai| itihAsa, purAtatva kI mAsika patrikA anekAnta ke Apa bahuta samaya taka sampAdaka rahe haiN| paMDita jI ne apane jIvana meM jaina sAhitya kA khUba cintana, manana aura lekhana kiyA hai| jaina siddhAnta ke mahatvapUrNa Agamagrantha mokSamArga prakAzaka, anubhava prakAza, jaina grantha prAbhRta saMgraha, dvitIya bhAga, jaina tIrthayAtrA saMgraha, jinavANI saMgraha, purAtana jaina vAGmaya sUcI Adi kA sampAdana, ekI bhAva stotra, samAdhitaMtra, iSTopadeza kA anuvAda evaM jainagranthaprazastisaMgraha prathama bhAga kA sahasampAdana Apane bar3I kuzalatA se kiyA hai| Apane nemInAtha purANa, artha prakAzikA kI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA likhakara ina granthoM kA mahatva bar3hA diyA hai / niHsandeha Apa jaina sAhitya ke kSetra meM aise anokhe vidvAn hue haiM jisake lie 'na bhUto na bhaviSyati' kI ukti akSarazaH caritArtha hotI haiM / purAtatvavid bAlavandra jI ema0 e0 (1924- ) zrI bAlacandra jI kA madhyapradeza ke purAtatvavidoM meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| ApakA janma siddha-kSetra droNagiri ke pAzrva bhAga meM sthita grAma gorakhapura meM huaa| Apane kAzI se prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa-saMskRti evaM purAtatva meM ema0 e0 kI zikSA prApta kara prinsa Apha velsa myUjiyama bambaI meM saMgrahAlaya vijJAna kA prazikSaNa prApta kiyaa| isake bAda Apa madhya pradeza zAsana ke purAtatva vibhAga meM vibhinna padoM para kAryarata rahe / ApakI likhane meM ruci thii| isase paurANika AkhyAnoM ko Apa likhate rhe| Atma samarpaNa aura jala khaNDakAvya ApakI prakAzita racanAyeM haiN| isake bAda 1947 se ApakI ruci purAtatva evaM mudrAzAstra kI ora gaI aura taba se purAtatva sambandhI mahatvapUrNa lekhoM ko likha kara purAtatva kI mahatvapUrNa patrikAoM meM prakAzita karAte rahe / purAtatva kI patrikA epigrAphiyA iNDikA, jaranala Apha inDiyana myUjiyama, jaranala Apha nyUmismeTika mosAiTI Apha inDiyA, jaranala Apha inDiyana hisTrI, ur3IsA-hisTArika jaranala Adi meM Apake lekha prakAzita hote rahe haiN| ApakA jaina pratimA vijJAna mUrtikalA kA jJAna karAne vAlA mahatvapUrNa grantha hai / isake alAvA chattIsagar3ha kA itihAsa aura chattIsagar3ha ke utkIrNa lekha bhI mahattvapUrNa haiN| ye donoM racanAe~ abhI aprakAzita haiN| Apane kalA mAsika patrikA evaM jaranala Apha nyUmismeTika sosAITI Apha inDiyA kA sampAdana bhI kiyA hai| Apa purAtattva vibhAga meM upa saMcAlaka pada se sevAnivRtta huye haiN| Apane apane sevA kAla meM rAyapura evaM jabalapura ke purAtatva saMgrahAlayoM kI sAjasajjA kI haiM / zAnti nAtha jaina kalA saMgrahAlaya khajurAho kI sAjasajjA bhI Apa apane hI nirdezana meM karA rahe haiM / Apane hindI meM purAtatva viSayaka eka anya mahatvapUrNa grantha bhI likhA hai jo prakAzana kI pratIkSA meM hai / isa samaya Apa jabalapura meM rahate haiM /

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50 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa zrI brajalAla jI chatarapura (1774- ) vidvat paramparA meM chatarapura nagara ke zrI brajalAla jI kA bhI mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| inakA janma san 1774 meM haA thaa| pitA kA nAma salle thaa| Apa kapar3e kA vyApAra karate the aura TopiyA~ banAne kA kArakhAnA bhI thaa| Apa kuzala vaidya the| Apa kA svabhAva vinodI thA aura jyotiSa meM ApakI ruci thii| dharma meM prakANDa zraddhA thii| samaiyA hote haye bhI mUrti pUjA meM vizvAsa rakhate the| apane dainika kAryoM ke alAvA jo samaya bacatA thA, usameM Apa zAstroM kA lekhana karate the| Apa acche kavi aura nATakakAra ke rUpa meM jAne jAte rahe haiN| Apa dvArA racita dazahare kA balidAna nATaka se prabhAvita hokara tatkAlIna rAjA zrI vizvanAtha siMha ne tAlAboM meM machalI mAranA, zikAra-khelanA, balidAna, dhArmika parvo para vadhazAlAoM ko banda rakhane kA Adeza prasArita kiyA thaa| Apa acche samAja sudhAraka bhI the| samAja meM phailI kurItiyoM ke nivAraNArtha unhoMne sAhitya kA sRjana kiyaa| kavi kI racanA vanitA-vihAra kurItiyoM ke nivAraNArtha gIta, dAdarA, gajala, banarA Adi kA saMgraha hai| braja lAla jI ke samaya meM vivAha Adi ke avasara para kucha aisI kurItiyAM thIM jo dravya kharca hone ke sAtha hI azobhanIya bhI lagatI thiiN| inakA unhoMne joradAra virodha kiyA hai| kavi ne bAla-vRddha-vivAha aura kanyA-vikraya kA bhI virodha kiyA hai| AbhUSaNa priya nArI ke lie sacce AbhUSaNa kyA haiM, isa para bhI kavi ne likhA hai| kavi tAraNa paMtha ko mAnane vAlA thaa| ataH tAraNa svAmI ke granthoM meM bhI zaMkA hone para usake sambandha meM bhI kavi ne likhA hai| kavi ne para strI-sevana jaise duSkarmoM ke prati bhI AgAha karate huye cetAvanI dI hai| kavi rASTra premI bhI the| inakI dazahare kA balidAna nAmaka racanA rASTra-prema se ota-prota hai| kavi kI anya sphuTa racanAyeM bhI haiM jo sabhI dhArmika bhAvanA se otaprota samAja sudhAra kI ora agrasara haiM / paM0 gorelAla jI zAstrI ( 1908 san 1908 meM paM0 gorelAla jI zAstrI kA janma pAvana bhUmi siddha-kSetra droNagiri meM huaa| Apa do bhAI aura eka bahina haiN| jeSTha zrI vihArI lAla jI tathA bahina kA svargavAsa ho gayA hai| Apake pitA zrI bhUre lAla jI the| prAraMbhika zikSA grahaNa karane ke pazcAta sAr3hamala, lalitapura tathA indaura ke jaina vidyAlayoM meM zikSA grahaNa kii| bundelakhaNDa ke AdhyAtmika saMta pUjya gaNeza prasAda jI barNI ke samparka meM Ane para san 1928 meM prAnta meM vyApta ajJAna andhakAra ko miTAne ke lie siddhakSetra droNagiri meM pUjya varNI jI ne gurudatta di. jaina saMskRta vidyAlaya kI sthApanA kI aura usake saMcAlana kA bhAra Apake sabala kandhoM para rkhaa| Apa utsAhI, suyogya vidvAn to the hI, jJAna-pipAsu hone ke kAraNa jJAnArjana kaise-kisa prakAra kiyA-karAyA jAtA hai, yaha Apa jAnate the| ataH Apane bar3I hI yogyatA aura utsAha ke sAtha vidyAlaya kA saMcAlana kiyaa| pariNAma svarUpa. thor3e se samaya meM hI vidyAlaya lokapriya ho gayA aura zikSA prApta karane ke lie chAtroM kI eka khAsI bhIDa Ane lgii| Apane sthApanA kAla se san 1964 taka vidyAlaya meM pradhAnAcArya ke pada para raha kara saikaDoM vidvAnoM ko taiyAra kiyA hai| Apane na kevala zikSA ke kSetra meM hI kArya kiyA hai, apitu sAmAjika utthAna ke kSetra meM bhI prAraMbha se kArya kiyA aura prAnta meM vyApta kurItiyoM, maraNa bhoja, bAla-vivAha, vRddha-vivAha, daheja-prathA Adi ko bhI dRr3hatA se dUra karane meM apanA yogadAna diyaa| droNa prAntIya sevA pariSad ke mAdhyama se Apane prAnta meM samAjotthAna ke kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa kArya kiye haiN| paMDita jI pratibhAzAlI rahe haiN| kAvya pratibhA janmajAta hone ke kAraNa Apane sAhitya ke kSetra meM kama kArya nahIM kiyA / Apane bAraha bhAvanA, jaina gArI saMgraha, sumana saMcaya, droNagiri pUjana, bhakti pIyUSa, droNagiri

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[9 vindhya kSetra ke jaina vidvAn - 1. TIkamagar3ha aura chatarapura 51 vandanA kI racanA kara jaina sAhitya meM zreSTha sAhitya kI sarjanA kI hai / vivAha ke samaya prAya: abhadra gAriyoM kA pracalana hone kI paddhati bahuta akharI aura unhoMne isako miTAne ke lie sundara dhArmika, zikSAprada gAriyoM kI racanA kara unake sthAna para pracalita kraayaa| Apake dvArA racita jaina gAriyAM Aja bhI mahatvapUrNa parvo para gAyI jAtI haiM / bAraha bhAvanA to paM0 jI kI eka anokhI racanA hai| unhoMne isake mAdhyama se saMsAra kI asAratA kA sundara citraNa kiyA hai / vyakti apane karmoM ke dvArA hI phala prApta karatA hai / jo jaisA karegA, vaha vaisA hI bharegA / paMDita jI ne isa tathya ko eka naI bhAvanA ke dvArA vyakta kiyA hai / vAstava meM ina bhAvanAoM ke mAdhyama se jaina siddhAnta kA jJAna prApta hotA / racanA sarala, subodha aura hRdayasparzI hai aura bhAvanAvibhora karane vAlI hai / Apa sampAdana aura lekhana kalA meM bhI pIche nahIM haiM / Apane rAmavilAsa tathA nAmamAlA kA kuzalatA ke sAtha sampAdana kiyA hai| cidAnanda smRti grantha, jo vAstava meM zodhArthiyoM ke lie eka mahatvapUrNa saMdarbha grantha hai, ke Apa pradhAna sampAdaka rhe| adhyApana kAla meM Apa mArtaNDa hasta likhita mAsika patrikA kA sampAdana karate the aura chAtroM ko patrakAritA, sampAdana kA kArya sikhalAte rahe haiM / samyagdarzana para pUjya varNI jI ke pravacanoM kA bhI Apane sampAdana kiyA hai / vartamAna meM Apa tyAga ke mArga kA anusaraNa karate huye saMnyAsiyoM ko dhArmika zikSA evaM pravacana kA lAbha dete huye Atma-kalyANa meM lage huye haiM / Apane aba droNagira ke bratI Azrama ko apanA kAryakSetra banAyA hai / paM0 makundI lAla jI phojadAra droNagiri meM phojadAra vaMza eka aisA vaMza hai jisameM gata cAra pIr3hiyoM meM vidvAn huye haiM / paM0 mukundI lAla jI phaujadAra eka kuzala pratiSThAcArya ke sAtha hI kavi bhI rahe haiM / inhoMne sundara dhArmika bhajanoM kI racanA kI hai| unakA eka bhajana " kabhI bhI avasara milegA hamako, svarUpa nija meM samAyageM hama " mArmika bhajana haiN| hameM kheda hai ki parivAra vAloM ne unake dvArA racita bhajanoM ko bhI surakSita nahIM rakha pAyA aura nizcita hI sAhitya jagat meM eka acche dhArmika gIta sAhitya kI kamI ho gaI / makundI lAla jI ke suputra rAma vagasa jI bhI usI paramparA ko Age bar3hAne vAle vidvAn hue haiN| pratiSThAcArya ke alAvA Apa kuzala cikitsaka bhI the / Apa meM svabhAvika kAvya pratibhA thI / Apake dvArA racita bhajanoM kA saMgraha rAma vilAsa ke rUpa prakAzita hai| rAma vilAsa eka gAyana maMjarI haiM / usameM saMgrahIta bhajana bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa haiM / paM0 paM0 kamalApati jI phojadAra paM0 rAma bagasa jI ke suputra paM0 kamalApata jI bhI pratiSThAkAryoM meM dakSa the / paM0 motI lAla jI phojadAra paM0 kamalApata jI kI paramparA ko unake suputra paM0 motI lAla jI ne Age bddh'aayaa| jahA~ taka mujhe smaraNa hai isa paramparA meM paM0 motI lAla jI hI yogyatama aura antima vidvAn the / Apane mahatvapUrNa vizAla pratiSThAoM, gajarathoM ko zuddha digambara AmnAya se sampanna karAyA / pratiSThAkAryoM meM siddhahasta hone ke sAtha sampAdana kalA meM bhI kuzala the / Apake dvArA sampAdita dIpa mAlikA pUjana, vartamAna caturviMzati jina pUjA vidhAna droNa prAMtIya navayuvaka saMgha, droNagiri dvArA prakAzita racanAyeM haiM / paM0 kamala kumAra zAstrI ema. e. droNagiri kI vidvat paramparA meM zrI paM0 gore lAla jI zAstrI ke suputra zrI kamala kumAra kA nAma ullekhanIya hai / isake dvArA sAmAjika sevA ke sAtha hI sAhitya sRjana kA kArya bhI ho rahA hai| vartamAna meM jina mUrti prazasti lekha, jaina tatvadarzana, droNagiri, kSu0 cidAnanda mahArAja Adi racanAyeM prakAzita haiM / kSu0 cidAnanda

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52 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa smRti graMtha ke sampAdana aura prakAzana kA zreya bhI Apako hI hai| aneka smArikAoM kA saphala sampAdana bhI Apa kara cuke haiN| vartamAna meM Apa barAbara lekhanakArya karate rahate haiN| Apa zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra khajurAho meM aneka varSoM se maMtrI haiM / Apa digambara, jaina mahAsamiti jaina pariSad, mahAbIra TrasTa Adi saMkhyAoM se sambaddha hai| Apa madhya pradeza zAsana ke zikSA-vibhAga meM kAryarata hai| zrI paM0 amara candra jI pratiSThAcArya paM0 amara candra jI bakasvAhA jilA chatarapura ke nivAsI the| ye jaina siddhAMta ke vidvAna hone ke sAtha hI pratiSThApATha meM dakSa the| inhoMne aneko paMcakalyANaka pratiSThAyeM, gajaratha mahotsava, mandira-vedI pratiSThA jaise mahatvapUrNa kArya kiye / paNDita jI maMtra vidyA meM dakSa the aura inhoMne kaI maMtra siddha kiye the| vizAla pratiSThA samArohoM meM ole-pAnI kI aksara jo bAdhA AyA karatI thI, vaha unakI maMtra zakti se prabhAvahIna ho jAtI thii| maMtrazakti ke sambandha meM inake viSaya meM kaI Azcaryajanaka ghaTanAyeM prasiddha haiN| 50 kamalApata jI kuTaurA pratiSThAcAryoM kI paramparA ke kuTaurA nivAsI paM0 kamalApata jI kA bhI nAma sammAna ke sAtha liyA jAtA hai| inhoMne aneka vizAla pratiSThAoM evaM gajarathoM ko kraayaa| ye pratiSThA vidhi ke vizeSajJa the aura sabhI kriyAyeM zuddha digambara AmnAya se sampanna karAte the| zrI paM0 dulIcandra jI pratiSThAcArya (1894-1979) __ paM0 dulI candra jI kA janma san 1894 meM grAma bAjanA meM huA thaa| pitA zrI giradhArI lAla jI the / prArambhika zikSA prApta kara grAma bAjanA meM hI rAjya samaya meM sarakArI sevA karanA prArambha kii| pratiSThA kAryoM meM ApakI ruci thii| phalata zrI paM0 amara candra jI bakasvAhA se pratiSThA vidhiyoM kA jJAna prApta kara svataMtra rUpa se pratiSThA kArya karAne lge| Apane anekoM mahatvapUrNa paMcakalyANaka, gajaratha mahotsava prabhAvanA ke sAtha sampanna karAye / mandira-vedI pratiSThA, siddha cakra vidhAna ke jaise dhArmika kArya to Apa prAyaH karAte hI rahate the| sAmAjika kAryoM meM ApakI ruci thii| isase sAmAjika utthAna ke kArya kiye / droNaprAntIya sevA pariSad, droNagiri ke Apa bahuta samaya taka adhyakSa rahe haiN| sArvajanika kSetra meM bhI Apa prabhAvazAlI the| dhanuSayajJa jaise vizAla samArohoM meM Apa adhyakSa rahe haiN| grAma paMcAyata bAjanA ke to Apa lagabhaga 35 varSa taka sarapaMca rahe haiN| Apa prabhAvazAlI vaktA the| Apane zrI digambara jaina siddha-kSetra droNagiri ke vikAsa aura unnati ke lie mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyA hai| ApakI sAmAjika sevAoM se prabhAvita hokara 1970 meM droNaprAntIya navayuvaka sevA saMgha, droNagiri ne tathA 1977 meM gajaratha mahotsava samiti. droNagiri ne ApakA abhinandana kiyA thaa| ApakA svargavAsa 23 akTUbara 1979 ko haa| DA. narendra vidyArthI pAvana bhUmi droNagiri ke aMcala dhanaguvAM meM janme aura zrI gurudatta digambara jaina saMskRta vidyAlaya meM par3he DA0 narendra kumAra jI ko sAdhAraNa samAja vidyArthI nAma se jAnatI hai| Apa chatarapura jile ke vidvAnoM kI paramparA meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiN| Apane zAstrI, sAhityAcArya, kAvyatIrtha, ema0 e0 kI ucca zikSA prApta kara zodha prabandha likhA aura pI0 eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi prApta kii| sArvajanika jIvana meM ApakA praveza chAtra jIvana se hI hai| svataMtratA Andolana meM bhAga lekara jela yAtanAyeM bhI sahana kii| 1955-56 meM vindhya-pradeza vidhAna-sabhA ke sadasya rahakara Apane apane kSetra kA bahuta vikAsa kiyA hai| sar3akoM kA nirmANa, kuyeM-tAlAboM kI marammata, pAThazAlA bhavanoM kA nirmANa tathA prAthamika

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1] vindhya kSetra ke jaina vidvAn - 1. TIkamagar3ha aura chatarapura 53 cikitsAlayoM kI sthApanA, DAkakhAnoM kI suvidhA, siMcAI hetu bA~dhoM ke nirmANa kI svIkRti Adi karAkara Apane apane kSetra kA paryApta vikAsa kiyA hai / sAmAjika kSetra meM bhI ApakA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna rahatA hai / sAhitya ke kSetra meM to ApakA yogadAna hai amUlya hai / varNI sAhitya kA sampAdana hI ApakA aisA abhUtapUrva kArya hai jisase Apako hamezA yAda rakhA jaavegaa| ApakI achUta koI nahIM pustaka ko zAsana se puraskAra prApta huA hai / Apane abhI taka lagabhaga 15 graMthoM kA sampAdana evaM lekhana kArya kiyA hai / Apake dvArA likhita zodha prabandha bhAgavata purANa ke AdhAra para varNita bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA tulanAtkaka adhyayana eka mahatvapUrNa zodha hai / yaha ApakI vizeSatA hai ki Apane apane parivAra meM patnI aura putrI ko bhI sAhitya sRjana kI ora utsAhita kiyA hai / zrI lakSmaNa prasAda jI prazAMta vidyArthI jI ke grAma dhanaguvA meM hI janmeM aura gurudatta digambara jaina saMskRta vidyAlaya, droNagiri meM zikSA prApta karane vAle yazasvI snAtaka zrI lakSmaNa prasAda jI prazAnta una vidvAnoM meM haiM jinhoMne jaina zikSA saMsthAoM meM zikSA prApta kara lambe arase taka jaina zikSA saMsthAoM meM hI zikSaNa kA kArya kiyA / zrI prazAnta jI ne 15 varSa se adhika zrI gaNezavarNI digambara jaina saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, morAjI bhavana, sAgara meM zikSaNa kArya karate huye sampAdana - lekhana kA kArya kiyA / sAmAjika kurItiyoM ke nivAraNa kI ora to Apane krAnti jaisA kArya kiyA / kurItiyoM, kurUDhiyoM ke nivAraNa evaM sAmAjika utthAna ke liye Apane droNaprAntIya sevA pariSad kI sthApanA ko aura unake mAdhyama se samAja ko bahuta Age lAye / samAjotthAna ke sambandha meM Apane apane uttejanApUrNa bhASaNa diye aura lekha likhe | Apane samAdhi-tantra evaM kSatra cUDAmaNi kA padyAnuvAda kiyA / Apa janmajAta kavi haiM / Apane bAlakoM ke liye sundara kavitAoM kI racanA kI jisapara Apako madhya pradeza sAhitya pariSad se puraskAra bhI prApta huaa| Apa svayaM anuzAsita haiM aura dUsaroM ko anuzAsana meM rahane kI zikSA bhI dete haiM / Apa bar3e-bar3e samArohoM evaM sevAdaloM kA samAyojana kuzalatA se karate haiM / vartamAna meM Apa zAsana kI sevA se avakAza prApta kara cuke haiM aura eka patrikA ke sampAdaka haiM / Apa ema. e., AcArya evaM kAvyatIrtha haiM / Apake dvArA racita sAhitya Thosa sAhitya ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai / > DaoN0 bhAga candra jI bahmaurI (1938bahmaurI grAma jilA chatarapura meM 31 disambara 1938 ko janmeM zrI DaoN0 bhAga candra jI ke pitA kA nAma zrI seTha gore lAla jI evaM mAtA zrImatI tulasAbAI thI / prArambhika zikSA apane janma-nagara meM hI prApta kara sAgara aura vArANasI meM zikSA grahaNa kii| Apane ema. e. (saMskRta - pAli), sAhityAcArya, vidyAvAcaspati, sAhityaratna kI parIkSAyeM uttIrNa kii| kAmana veltha kI skAlarazipa se laMkA meM bauddha sAhitya meM jaina dharma viSaya para zodha san 1966 se Apa nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya meM pAli- prAkRta ApakI sAhitya sRjana meM ruci hai jisase nirantara ApakI ema. e. pAThyakramoM meM bhI svIkRta hai / bauddha sAhitya mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / Ajakala Apa eka bAla prabandha likhakara pI. eca DI. kI upAdhi prApta kI / vibhAga ke vyAkhyAtA evaM adhyakSa pada para AsIna haiN| lekhanI calatI rahatI hai / Apake dvArA likhita sAhitya para Apake kaI grantha prakAzita ho cuke haiM jinakA sAhitya jagat meM patrikAkA sampAdana bhI kara rahe haiM / Apane apanA eka prakAzana saMsthAna bhI sthApita kiyA hai jisase Apake aneka ke grantha prakAzita ho cuke haiM / DaoN0 nandalAla jaina ( 1928 ) inakA vivaraNa isI graMtha meM anyatra diyA gayA hai / jainadharma kI vaijJAnika mAnyatAoM ke saMdarbha meM Apake cAra darjana zodhapatra haiM /

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54 paM0 jamanmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha vaidya dAmodara candra jI dhaurA (1916 ) grAma dhaurA jilA chatarapura meM san 1916, pUsa zukla 5vIM ko zrI dAmodara jI kA janma huA / droNagiri vidyAlaya meM zikSA prApta kara apanA grahastha jIvana vyatIta karate hue svAbhAvika kAvya pratibhA hone ke kAraNa kavitA racane lage / dhIre-dhIre jaise hI kAvya meM nikhAra AtA gayA, mahatvapUrNa racanAyeM banane lagI / apane guru paM0 gore lAla jI zAstrI se apanI racanAoM kA saMzodhana karAkara Age bar3he aura aba to dAmodara jI candra upanAma se vikhyAta prasiddha kaviyoM kI zreNI meM haiM / inake dvArA racita hIroM kA khajAnA, nItiratnAkara, jaina gArI saMgraha, mahatvapUrNa racanAyeM haiM / pUjya varNI jI dvArA likhita merI jIvanagAthA kA padyAnuvAda santavarNI jI nAma se kara Apane eka mahAkAvya kI racanA bhI kI hai jo lokapriya bana gayA hai| Apa samAja sudhAraka, kuzala vaktA, karmaTha kAryakarttA haiM / Apa vaidya meM bhI nisvAtta haiM / zrImatI viduSI DaoN0 ramA jaina jaina samAja meM vidvAn hI nahIM, viduSI bhI mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhatI haiN| DaoN0 ramA jaina unameM prathama haiM / zrImatI ramA jaina DaoN0 narendra vidyArthI kI dharmapatnI haiM / Apane ema0 e0 kAvyatIrtha, nyAyacandrikA, zAstrI kI zikSA prApta kara pariniSThita bundelI kA vyAkaraNika adhyayana viSaya para zodha-prabaMdha likha kara pI0 eca DI0 kI upAdhi prApta kI hai| Apa kI lekhana kArya meM bahuta ruci hai / isase Apane acche sAhitya kA sRjana bhI kiyA hai / Apake dvArA likhita bhagavAn mahAvIra lokapriya pustaka hai| isake alAvA Apane varNI jI kI merI jIvana gAthA kA jIvana yAtrA ke rUpa meM sampAdana kiyA hai| 'Apa samAja meM nAriyoM kI unnati kisa prakAra ho sakatI hai ' para barAbara socatI rahatI haiM / nArI ke utthAna ke saMdarbha meM Apane diye haiM / Apa sarala, nirabhimAnI, suyogya vaktA aura Adhunika ADambaroM se bahuta dUra haiN| mahArAjA mahAvidyAlaya, chatarapura meM hindI - vibhAga meM sahAyaka prAdhyApaka haiM / nizcita hI Apa jaisI suyogya mahilA para samAja ko garva hai / mahatvapUrNa lekha likhe haiM / utsavoM meM bhASaNa vartamAna meM Apa paM0 kamala kumAra jI nyAya tIrtha svAhA jilA chatarapura ke nivAsI zrI paM0 kamala kumAra jI nyAyatIrtha vartamAna meM kalakattA meM rahakara dhArmika zikSaNa evaM zAstra pravacana karate haiM / sAhitya aura vyAkaraNa meM Apa niSNAta vidvAn haiM / pUrva meM Apa zrI gaNeza varNI digambara jaina saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara meM vyAkaraNa adhyApaka rahe haiN| saMskRta kA jJAna ApakA uccakoTi kA hai / DaoN0 lAlacaMdra jaina Apa kizanagar3ha jilA chatarapura meM 1944 meM janmeM tathA kizanagar3ha, chatarapura, sAdUmala, kAzI evaM mujjapharapura meM prazikSita hokara vartamAna meM prAkRta evaM jaina vidyA saMsthAna vaizAlI ( bihAra ) ke kAryakArI nidezaka haiM / Apa jaina darzana evaM bhAratIya darzana ke khyAti prApta vidvAn haiM / Apane abataka lagabhaga pacAsa zodhapatra prakAzita kiye haiM / jaina darzana meM Atma vicAra nAmaka ApakA zodhagrantha lokapriya hai / Apa aneka saMsthAoM se vibhinna rUpoM meM saMbaMdhita haiM / Apake aneka grantha prakAzanAdhIna hai / Apane aneka chAtroM ko zodha kA nirdezana kiyA hai / isake sAtha hI paM0 vijaya kumAra jI sAhityAcArya, ema0 e0 ( prAkRta, saMskRta ), paM0 dharaNendra kumAra jI zAstrI, DA0 mahendra kumAra jI ema0 e0 sAhityAcArya, pI eca DI0, zrI ratana candra jaina ema0 e0 AcArya, paM0 amara candra jI zAstrI, zrI mahendra kumAra jI mAnava, zrI surendra kumAra jI Adi jaina samAja ke aise vidvAn haiM jo nirantara jaina dharma, saMskRti kI sevA kara rahe haiN| inake viSaya meM Age prakAza DAlA jAvegA /

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khaNDa 1 paNDita paramparA aura paNDitajI (ba) paNDitajI : vyaktitva aura saMsmaraNa

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1. prathama bhUra bAhU gotra 2. dUsare AjA ke mAmA 3. tIsare bApa ke mAmA 4. cauthe AjI ke mAmA vaMza-vRkSa tulasI caudharI pUrana caudharo T bhairoM caudharI I gokula prasAda (bra0 ) I paM0 jaganmohana lAla I amaracanda I amoda, pramoda Adi abhijita jIvana-paricaya janmakuNDalI aura aThasakhA bu0 6 zu0 3 vAchalla DeriyA 5 sU0 7 rA0ma0 8 bIbI kuTTama chitarA 2 janma saM0 1958, rAsa kA nAma bhojarAja zAke 1823 dvi0 zrAvaNa sudI 12 vRSalagne uttarASAr3ha nakSatre dvitIyacaraNe 5. 6. 7. 1 ke0 8. 2009 12 ca0 10 pA~ce lar3akA ke mAmA bhArU chaThe nAnA ke mAmA sohalA sAte mahatArI ke mAmA bahuriyA AThe nAnI ke mAmA siggA vidyA vRkSa paM0 gopAla dAsa baraiyA paM0 vaMzIdhara, devakInandana jI T pa0 jaganmohana lAlajI T paM0 nAthUrAma DoMgarIya I DA0 gulAbacanda caudharI DA0 sudarzana lAla jaina

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paNDitajI kA parivAra IA paNDitajI kI dharmapatnI paNDitajI, AhAra lete huye

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jamI Som etrick lArA SHRI PARSHWANATH BRAHMACHARYASHR (GURUKUL) ELLORA ap-TPS zrI pArzvanAtha gurukula kA udghATana www.jainelibrary.or kalakattA ke damadama havAI aDDe para jApAna yAtrA ke samaya paM0 divAkara ko vidAI dete hue

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merA jIvana vRtta paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI kaTanI mere para-AjA zrI tulasIdAsa caudharI indrAnA (jabalapura) ke nivAsI the| kisI kAraNa vaza kAlAntara meM majholI (jabalapura) meM Akara nivAsa kiyaa| mere AjA kA nAma thA zrI bhairoM caudharI aura pitA jI kA nAma zrI gokula prasAda / mere mAmA sigarAmapura (saMgrAmapura) jilA damoha ke adhivAsI the| ve tIna bhAI the| mere pitA do bhAI the| unameM bar3e bhAI ke putra caitUlAla jI the| unakI do bahaneM thiiN| choTe ke ekamAtra putra maiM thA aura eka hI merI bahina thI jo jabalapura meM siMghaI baTI lAla jI ko byAhI thii| mere bar3e cacere bhAI kI mAtra do kanyAeM thiiN| eka penDrA, dUsarI DoMgaragar3ha meM byAhI gii| eka bAra majhaulI meM plega kI bImArI phailane para mere mAtA-pitA zahaDola gye| vahA~ merI cacerI bar3I bahina bmAhI thii| mere bahanoI the lAlA jainIlAla jI / bar3e dharmajJa the| merA janma zahaDola meM sAvana sudI 12 vi. saM. 1958 ko huA thaa| majhaulI meM maiM kakSA do taka par3hA thaa| yadyapi majhaulI ke Asa-pAsa pitA kI jamIMdArI thI, para pitA jI kI adAlatI lata ke kAraNa vaha saba samApta ho gaI aura ve vahA~ se calakara sivanI aaye| sivanI vAle pannA lAla Teka caMda jI kI Ar3hata dukAna piMDaraI meM thI, vahA~ usa dukAna para munIma ho gye| mere cacere bhAI aura choTe mAmA bhI usI dukAna para munImI kA kAma karane lge| vi. saM. 1966 meM zrI sammeda zikhara jI para sivanI nivAsI zrI pUrana zAha jI dvArA nirmANita teraha paMthI koThI ke jina maMdira kI aitihAsika gajaratha paMca-kalyANaka pratiSThA huii| zikhara meM pratiSThA ke sAtha gajaratha calanA prathama ghaTanA thI, kAraNa yaha prathA mAtra bundelakhaMDa meM hI usa samaya cAlU thii| karIba 10-15 varSa se anya prAntoM meM bhI gajaratha kahIM kahIM hue haiN| zikhara jI meM lAkhoM kI bhIr3a thii| bundelakhaMDa meM yaha bhI eka niyama thA ki aisI pratiSThA meM samAgata dharma-bandhuoM kI tIna dina bhojana vyavasthA (pakkI) kI jAtI thii| mere pitA jI ko zrI pUrana zAha jI ne ina tIna jyonAroM ke sAre intajAma kA kAma sauMpA / isa kAraNa karIba eka mAha unako yahA~ rahanA par3A / merI mAtA jI bhI vahIM Akara sAtha rahI aura maiM bhii| vahA~ ke dUSita jala kA prabhAva merI mAtA jI para par3A aura vahA~ se lauTane para divaMgata (thor3e hI dinoM meM) ho gii| piMDaraI meM paM0 palTUrAma jI pujArI the / svAdhyAyI jJAnI puruSa the| unake pAsa merI dharma zikSA huii| prAthamika zAlA meM kakSA 4 pAsa kii| mere pitA bhI paM0 palTUrAma jI ke sahavAsa se svAdhyAya premI bane / kAlAntara meM unhoMne vrata lekara brahmacArI jIvana bitaayaa| trikAla sAmAyika unakA vrata bana gyaa| dukAna meM mAlika ko patra diyA ki hama aba sarvisa na kareMge, anya vyavasthA bnaaveN| dukAna mAlika kA patra thA ki Apa sahayogI rayoM se hI kAma karAveM / mAtra do ghaMTA dukAna Akara unakA kAma dekha kara ciTThI-patrI kA javAba de| ApakA vetana (usa samaya 50 rU0 mAha thA) Apako diyA jaayegaa| ise svIkAra karane para bhI eka dina dopahara ko sAmAyika meM alasI kI saudA kA dhyAna A gayA ki ise beca denA cAhie anyathA bahata ghATA lgegaa| Akara saudA beca diyA aura sarvisa aMtima rUpa se chor3a dI va likha diyA ki yaha parigraha aura ciMtA hamAre dharma dhyAna meM bAdhaka hai, ataH maiM na kara sakaMgA aura kAma saba zeSa munImoM ko saupa diyaa|

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58 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDaM panAgara (jabalapura) meM vimAnotsava thaa| vahAM bhI merI eka cacerI bahina byAhI thii| mere pitA usa utsava meM Aye the| maiM choTA thA, so sAtha hI thaa| isa samaya yaha prathA thI ki anya choTe grAmoM kI jaina pAThazAlAoM ke bAlaka aise mahotsavoM para Ate the aura koI viziSTa loga unakI dhArmika parIkSA lete tathA pAritoSika bhI diyA karate the / yahI parIkSAlaya thA aura anya koI vyavasthA nahIM thii| mere pitA ke mausere bhAI kaTanI meM rahate the| ve pAMca bhAI the| unameM jyeSTha the kanhaiyAlAla (dAdA), dasare giradhArI lAla jI jo usa samaya divaMgata ho cuke the| tIsare ratanacanda jI (lAlA jI ke nAma se vikhyAta the), cauthe the darabArIlAla jii| pA~caveM prmaanndjii| inameM ratanacanda jI usa mahotsava meM Aye the| vahA~ upasthita chAtroM kI parIkSA huii| maiMne piMDaraI meM ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra kI mAtra gAthAe~ yAda kI thiiN| unakA zIrSaka yadi Apa boleMge, to usa zloka ko sunA sakatA thA, para artha samajhAne samajhane kI yogyatA na thii| mujhase cAra bAra prazna kie gye| maiMne cAroM bAra ke uttarasvarUpa zloka sUnA die, to zrI ratanacanda jI ne eka rupayA mujhe diyaa| kaTanI ke ina sabhI pAMcoM bhAiyoM se mere pitA umra meM jyeSTha the| ataH unheM saba "vIra" nAma se saMbodhita karate the| zrI ratanacaMdajI ne merA paricaya pUchA / unheM jaba jJAta huA, to mere pitA jI se kahA, 'vIra, jaba bhAbhI divaMgata ho gaI aura Apa vratI brahmacArI ho gaye, taba isa bAlaka ko sAtha-sAtha lekara kahA~ phiroge? ise hameM de do, hama isakI zikSA-dIkSA kA saba prabaMdha kareMge, Apa nirvikalpa hokara apanA vratI jIvana bitaaveN| Apa bhI kaTanI hI rheN| mere pitA kucha samaya kaTanI rahe aura mere lAlana-pAlana kI sampUrNa vyavasthA dekhakara nirAkula hue| unhoMne dekhA ki tyAgI brahmacArI jo dhArmika utsavoM meM Ate haiM, ve maile-kucale kapar3oM meM hone se tathA zikSA kI kamI se bhI samAja meM apamAnita hI hote haiN| kharca bhI samAja se mA~gate haiN| yaha durdazA dekhakara vicAra kiyA ki tyAga kA mArga aprazasta aura anAdRta ho rahA hai| ataH unhoMne eka tyAgI udAsIna Azrama kI sthApanA kI kalpanA kI aura zIghra hI kuMDalapura meM usakI sthApanA kI jo Aja bhI saMcAlita hai| meM bhI Ajakala usI Azrama meM rahatA hai| aba Azrama meM jo bhI tyAgI brahmacArI hai, ve saba apanA kharca svayaM vahana karate haiN| Azrama para unakA vyaya-bhAra nahIM hai| mAtra rasoI vAlI bAI Azrama phaMDa se rakhI gaI hai| madhyakAla meM mere pitA ke sAmane 14/15 gRhatyAgI rahate the, jo grAma - grAma jAkara dharmAcaraNa kI zikSA dete the| usa samaya bundelakhaMDa meM kAphI dharmAcaraNa kA pracAra huA, jo Aja bhI pAyA jAtA hai| pUjya paM0 gaNeza prasAda jI usa samaya taka paNDita to the, brahmacArI the. para vratI na the| hamAre pitA jI ke dhyAna meM AyA ki gaNeza prasAda yadi vratI hoM, to dharma pracA meM uttama ho sakatA hai| kAraNa pAkara paM0 jI ke mana meM bhI yahI dhyAna aayaa| ve sAgara se kuMDalapura ko ravAnA e aura mere pitA jI kuMDalapura se sAgara ko| madhya meM damoha dharmazAlA meM dono kI mulAkAta ho gaI aura donoM kuMDalapura A gye| bar3e bAbA ke samakSa unhoMne hamAre pitA se saptama pratimA kI dIkSA lI aura pUjya varNI jI ke nAma se prasiddha hue| unake pavitra jIvana ko va jJAna va samAja kI adbhuta kahAnI sampUrNa jaina samAja meM suprasiddha hai| maiM kaTanI pAThazAlA meM par3hatA rahA / 11 sAla kI umra meM mere pitA ne mujhe mathurA meM bhartI karAyA aura svayaM morenA paM0 gopAla dAsa jI ke pAsa chaH mAha gommaTasAra kA abhyAsa karate rhe| maiM ATha mAsa bAda kaTanI A gayA aura vahA~ jaina pAThazAlA meM rahA / 15 varSa kI umra meM punaH morenA vidyAlaya meM praveza kiyaa| vahA~ tIna varSa taka vizArada tRtIya khaMDa taka kI parIkSA dii| morenA siddhAMta vidyA kA gar3ha thaa| usI kI mukhyatA thii| merA

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11 merA jIvana-vRtta 59 vyAkaraNa jJAna kama thaa| usakI pUrti ko maiM banArasa calA gayA aura tIna varSa vahA~ vyAkaraNa sAhitya va nyAya kI zikSA lii| san 20 meM gAMdhI jI kA asahayoga Andolana zuru huaa| ve kAzI Aye aura unake prabhAva se hamane saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya kI sarakArI parIkSAoM kA bahiSkAra kara diyaa| paM0 kailAza caMda jI ne bhI bahiSkAra kara diyaa| ve morenA gaye aura meM kaTanI A gyaa| unake Agraha se maiM bhI punaH morenA gayA aura donoM ne eka sAtha siddhAMta ke uccatama korsa ko pUrA kiyaa| morenA chor3ane ke pUrva eka ghaTanA ghaTita huii| mere pitA jI apane do sahayogI brahmacAriyoM ke sAtha buMdelakhaMDa meM dharma pracAra karate hue kakarahaTI paMcakalyANaka ke bAda chatarapura sTeTa ke eka choTe grAma meM bImAra par3a gaye, laMghaneM ho gii| donoM sAthI bhI bImAra ho gye| mujhe tAra likhaa| maiM bar3I kaThinAI se vahA~ pahu~cA, samasyA jaTila thI, paisA pAsa na thaa| apanI saba paristhiti apane mitra paM0 kailAzacanda jI ko patra dvArA likhii| ve vahA~ se kaTanI hokara lAlA ratanacaMda jI kaTanI se kharca yogya rupayA lekara bhaTakate-bhaTakate mere pAsa pahu~ce / mere ko ronA A gyaa| jisane jIvana meM bhI jaMgala na dekhA ho, vaha 20 sAla kI umra meM aisI bIhar3a rAstA pAra kara merI duravasthA meM sAthI huaa| usakA sneha maiM jIvana bhara nahIM bhUla skaa| tInoM brahmacAriyoM ko vahA~ se laayaa| jabalapura meM bhI acche na he| mere pitA do dina pUrva saMnyAsa lekara svargadhAma pdhaare| yaha smaraNa rahe ki usa samaya kAzI vidyAlaya meM dharmazAstra ke paThana-pAThana kI vyavasthA na thii| cUMki maiM gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa taka par3ha kara kAzI gayA thA, ataH maiM maMtrI jI kI AjJA se chAtroM ko, jo choTI kakSAoM ke the, unheM dharma zikSaNa dene kA bhI ( avaitanika ) kArya karatA thaa| morenA kI zikSA samApta kara maiM kaTanI A gyaa| kAzI vidyAlaya ke maMtrI the zrI bAbU sumati lAla jii| unakA patra AyA ki syA0 mahAvi0 meM aba Apa dharmAdhyApaka kA kArya kareM, 50/- mAsika vetana hama Apako deNge| cUMki kaTanI meM bhI vidyAlaya thA aura maiM vahA~ par3hAne lagA thA, para kAzI vidyA-kendra hai, ataH usakA AkarSaNa thA Age mArga meM bar3hane kaa| maiMne use svIkAra kara liyA aura apane abhibhAvaka zrI lAlA jI (ratana caMda jI) ko patra dikhAyA / unhoMne kahA ki kahIM mata jaao| maiMne tumheM isI hetu par3hAyA thA ki jo dAna hamane yahA~ pAThazAlA meM zikSA ke lie nikAlA hai, usakI pUrti karanA hai| 50 / - hama bhI deMge, yahA~ rho| maiMne kahA ki samAja kI sarvisa mujhe nahIM karanA , kAzI kI bAta dUsarI hai| unhoMne kahA ki tumheM sArA kharca hama deMge, jaisA ki Aja taka diyA hai| maiMne ise svIkAra kiyA, merA to lAlana-pAlana hI unhoMne kiyA hai| mere pitA kI mere viSaya kI sArI citAe~ bhI apane Upara le lI thIM aura bhaviSya bhI merA apane hAtha meM rakha rahe haiM aura samAja kI naukarI se mujhe bacA rahe haiM, taba mana ke mutAbika pUrI murAda ho rahI hai / kRtajJatA kA bhI yahI takAjA hai| maiMne pUrNa rItyA Atma samarpaNa kara diyaa| zrI sumati lAla jI maMtrI, kAzI vidyAlaya ko patra diyA ki maiM yahI kAma karane lagA hU~, Apa mere sAthI paM0 kailAza caMda jI ko bulA leM, ve A jaayeNge| maiM bhI patra unako de rahA huuN| phalataH paM0 kailAza caMda jI kAzI meM pradhAnAdhyApaka bane aura maiM yhaaN| sana 1922 meM merA vivAha mere abhibhAvakoM aura ristedAroM ne kara diyA thA aura san 1923 meM hamane zikSA pUrNa kara usa sthAna para kArya kiyaa| san 1925 meM maiMne saMskRta chAtroM ko udyoga sikhAne kI dRSTi se kucha mojA, baniyAna banAne, kapar3e sIne Adi kI zikSA kA prabandha saMsthA meM kiyA para usameM jaisI cAhiye, saphalatA nahIM milii| taba maiMne Ayurveda kI zikSA saMskRta chAtroM ko upayukta mAnI aura vaha vidyAlaya meM prArambha kii| kAnapura kanhaiyAlAla jI vaidya ke pAsa macaMda ko bhejA jise mAsika vatti dAdA jI ne dii| do chAtra kalakattA zrI bAbUlAla jI rAjavaidya ke pAsa bheje / unako bhI mAsika vRtti dAdA jI ne dii| ye zikSA prApta kara A gaye / devacandra jI kaTanI meM apanA davAkhAnA calAte the jo Aja bhI unake bAda unake suputra calA rahe haiN| unake choTe bhAI premacandra jI AyurvedAcArya bhI kara cuke

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6. paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa the| bahuta sundara kuzAgra buddhi the| zrIbAbUlAla jI rAjavaidya ne yogya pAtra mAnakara bilkula garIba dekhane para bhI apanI kanyA sundarabAI kA vivAha unake sAtha kara diyA aura saba prakAra kA daheja va sahAyatA unakI kI / ve ujjaina meM davAkhAnA khole the para unakA kucha samaya bAda dehAvasAna ho gyaa| Ayurveda zikSA ke liye alaga se kharca kI vyavasthA saMsthA nahIM kara sakatI thii| phalataH zrIkhemacaMdajI avaitanika zikSA dete rhe| pazcAt sa0 si0 kanhaiyAlAla giradhArIlAlajI kI ora se davAkhAnA kholA gyaa| usameM prAraMbha se kSemacaMdajI aura bAda meM kezarImalajI AyurvedAcArya kAma karate the / zrIkezarImalajI ne 40 sAla taka saMsthA ke chAtroM ko Ayurveda kI zikSA avaitanika dii| dUsare chAtra paM0 bAbUlAla jI kalakattA kI TreniMga lekara jaba Aye the, to zahaDola meM seTha nathamala dvArA sthApita davAkhAnA meM savisa karate the| para Aja 40 sAla se svataMtra davAkhAnA vahA~ calA A rahe haiN| unhoMne acchI kIrti aura dhana arjita kiyaa| samAja ke bAlakoM kI dharma zikSA kA avaitanika kArya karate haiM / aba vRddha ho gaye haiM tathA gatamAsa hI divaMgata ho ge| san 1925 meM maiM dUsare jilA kA~gresa kA pratinidhi banakara kAnapura kAMgresa meM zAmila huaa| san 1930 meM maiMne jaMgala satyAgraha ke jela-yAtriyoM ke parivAroM kI sahAyatA kI / maiMne kucha samaya taka kAMgresa kI ora se buleTina bhI nikaalaa| san 1927 meM parama pUjya AcArya zrI 108 zAMti sAgara jI kA sasaMgha cAturmAsa kaTanI meM huaa| usake pUrva hI si0 hIrAlAla kanhaiyA lAla jI mirjApura dvArA kaTanI meM eka chAtrAvAsa kA nirmANa 40-50 hajAra rupayA lagAkara karAyA aura 4000/-nanada dekara usakA TrasTa DIDa likha diyA / saMsthA ko lIja para jamIna sarakAra se bhI prApta kI jA cukI thI jise prApta karane meM mujhe sa0 si0 dAdA jI, seTha pIramala jI, sva0 50 bAbUlAla jI, jo mere prAraMbhika vidyA guru the, mAsTara bhaiyAlAla jI Adi ne pUrNa sahayoga diyA aura phAresTara sahita, jo yahA~ nagarapAlikA adhyakSa the, unase pUrNa sahakAra lekara sahAyatA pAI thii| kaTanI saMskRta vidyAlaya meM zAstrI kakSA taka par3hAI calatI thI, kAzI meM AcArya parIkSA taka / chAtra saMkhyA ucca kakSAoM meM kama rahatI thI para adhyApaka to usake liye rakhanA par3atA thaa| paM0 kailAza caMda jI ekabAra kaTanI aaye| paraspara parAmarza huA ki isase samAja kA dhana jyAdA kharca hotA hai| ataH hama yahA~ madhyamA taka hI claaveN| zAstrI parIkSA hetu chAtroM ko kAzI bheja deM, to adhyApa kharca kama ho jAyegA aura kAzI meM chAtroM ke sAtha meM ye chAtra bhI par3ha leNge| kAzI meM prathamA kakSA tor3a dI jaaye| prAraMbhika prathamA ke chAtra saba kaTanI hI par3heM / isa samajhaute ke anusAra 40 sAla donoM vidyAlaya cle| kaTanI meM prAraMbha ke varSoM meM kucha chAtra zAstrI yA nyAyatIrtha parIkSA pAsa kara nikle| paM. nAtharAma jI DogarIya, paMDita gulAba caMda jI, paMDita bAbUlAla jI, paMDita rAmaratana jI, paMDita nAthUlAla jI Adi nyAyatIrtha, siddhAMtazAstrI, koI kAvyatIrtha aura koI vyAkaraNatIrtha bhI hue| AyurvedAcArya to pacAsoM jaina-janetara chAtra bane, jo yatra-tatra apanI svataMtra AjIvikA kara samAja kI sevA kara rahe haiM / inameM pramukha haiM nAthUrAma jI DogarIya paM0 kSemacandra jI, premacandra jI, paM0 bAbUlAla jI, paM0 bAbUlAla jI chapArA, paM0 hukamacaMda jI, paM0 motIlAla jI aadi| maiM saMsthA saMcAlana kArya hetu pardUSaNa parva, aSTAhnika parva, mahAvIra jayaMtI Adi parvo tathA vedI pratiSThA, gajaratha paMcakalyANaka pratiSThAoM para jAkara samAja se saMsthA ko Arthika sahAyatA prApta karAtA thaa| isI sahAyatA ke bala para saMsthA ke Arthika saMcAlana kA bhAra thA /

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merA jIvana-vRtta 61 sana 1935 meM saMsthA meM mAdhyamika zAlA kI sthApanA huI jo abhI bhI cala rahI hai| sana 40 meM kanyA mAdhyamika zAlA bhI pUjya varNI jI ke sadupadeza se calI jo 8 varSa clii| kucha vighna-bAdhAe~ bhI AI jinako pAra kara bhI saMsthA ko saMcAlita banAye rakhane meM zAlA kI vyavasthApaka samitiyAM saphala rhiiN| san 1938 meM maiM bhA0 di0 jaina paravAra sabhA kI ora se prakAzita 'paravAra bandhu' mAsika patra kA meM sampAdaka cunA gyaa| zrI sa0 si0 dhanya kumAra jI bhI saha-saMpAdaka cune gaye aura unake sahayoga se vaha pA~ca varSa calatA rhaa| isake bAda "vIra saMdeza" patra kA bhI maiMne do varSa sampAdana kiyA / ( san 47 meM akhila bhA0 paravAra sabhA kA pradhAna maMtrI cunA gayA jisakA kArya meM 25 sAla karatA rhaa|) ___ san 53 meM maiM bhA0 di0 jaina saMgha mathurA kA pradhAnamaMtrI cunA gyaa| usa pada para 20 varSa rahA / "jaina saMdeza" ke sampAdana kA dAyitva bhI mujha para san 55 meM A gyaa| san 57 se zrI paM0 kailAza caMda jI kA sahayoga milA / san 69 ke bAda "jaina saMdeza" kA kArya paM0 kailAza caMda jI hI pUrNa rItyA saMbhAlate rhe| varNI graMthamAlA kA bhI maiM madhya kAla meM upAdhyakSa aura pazcAt adhyakSa rhaa| sadasya Aja bhI haiN| yaha pragatizIla saMsthA Aja bhI varNI-zodha-saMsthAna ke nAma se hai| isa saMsthA ke saMcAlana kA mukhya zraya paMDita phUlacaMda jI zAstrI ko hai| ina saba saMsthAoM ke saMcAlana meM paM0 phUlacaMda jI kA bhI sahayoga mujhe satata milA hai| jainetara samAja kaTanI kI bhI mujha para AsthA rhii| zikSA saMsthA meM nagara ke aneka ajaina chAtra mere pAsa saMskRta aura jaina dharma kI zikSA pAte rhe| sva0 DaoN0 hIrAlAla jI rAyabahAdura prakhyAta vidvAn the| ve DipTI kamiznara bhI rhe| unakI pustakeM deza-videza meM bhI calatI thI aura cala rahI haiN| itihAsa ke premI the| purAtatva kI khoja meM unakI khAsa dilacaspI thii| unakI eka pustaka meM zrI rAmacandra jI ke mAMsa bhakSaNa va zikArapriya hone tathA sItA mAtA dvArA gaMgA jI ko madya ke ghaTa car3hAne kI carcA AI thii| hindU samAja meM tahalakA maca gyaa| unhoMne zAstrArtha kA caileMja diyaa| hindU samAja ke mukhya loga mere pAsa Aye, mujhase caileMja svIkAra kara zAstrArtha karane kA premaparNa Agraha kiyaa| kaTanI ke brAhmaNa vidvAnoM ne unake anunaya ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA, taba ve mujha se Agraha karane lge| maiMne svIkAra kara liyA aura dasa hajAra kI janatA ke bIca unake pramANoM kA va tarkoM kA spaSTa uttara dekara usameM saphalatA pAI jisase sthAnIya hindU samAja ko bahuta saMtoSa huaa| vindhya-pradeza ke spIkara zrI zivAnanda jI ne eka bAra kaTanI meM apane bhASaNa meM prAcIna hindu RSiyoM ko tathA jaina tIrthaMkaroM ko bhI mAMsa sevana karane vAlA khaa| maiMne unake pAsa jAkara unakA samAdhAna kiyA tathA nirAkaraNa kiyaa| unheM apane zabda vApisa lene va janatA se kSamA mAMgane kA Agraha kiyaa| unhoMne apanA vaktavya vApisa liyA aura likhita kSamA yAcanA kI, apanI bhUla ko sudhArA / yaha unakA bar3appana thA jo sarAhanIya hai| unakI isa sajjanatA kI chApa Aja bhI mujha para hai / mathurA di0 jaina saMgha pahale zAstrArtha saMgha thaa| usake pramukha sthApanakartA paM0 rAjendra kumAra jI nyAya tIrtha the| aneka bAra Arya samAja se. saMgha ne paM0 jI ke tattvAvadhAna meM zAstrArtha kara vijaya paaii| aMtima zAstrArtha meM paM0 karmAnanda jI Arya samAjI zAstrArthI ne zAstrArtha ke aMta meM apanI parAjaya ke sAtha-sAtha jaina dharma bhI svIkAra kiyA aura kAlAntara meM kSallaka pada bhI prApta kiyaa| ina kAryoM se saMgha kA prabhAva jainetara samAja meM bhI thA / mere pradhAnamaMtritva ke kAla meM do bAra zAstrArtha ke caileMja bAye para saMgha ke nAma se hI zAstrAthiyoM ne zAstrArtha karane se iMkAra kara diyA aura ve nahIM hue|

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62 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa sva0 siMghaI tor3alamala jI kaTanI ke prakhyAta paMca the| unhoMne samAja ke sahayoga se kaTanI meM eka jina maMdira bnaayaa| anta samaya ve bahuta pIr3ita va duHkhI the| mujhe bulAyA, mere samajhAne para ve Azvasta hue aura do makAnoM kA dAna ghoSita kara zAMti se jIvana sudhAra kara mRtyu ko varaNa kiyaa| unake do bhAI the| donoM divaMgata ho cuke the| donoM kI dharmapatnI ne unake dAna kA eka TrasTaDIDa likha diyA jo si0 toDalamala kanhaiyAlAla jaina paramAthika TrasTa ke nAma se Aja bhI acche rUpa meM saMcAlita hai| kaTanI ke usa maMdira ke liye, bilaharI ke prAcIna maMdiroM ke jorNoddhAra meM, jinavANI pracAra va tIrtha rakSA meM isakA Aja bhI mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| Aja TrasTa kI yaha saMpatti karIba 15 lAkha kI hai| sa. siM0 kanhaiyAlAla giradhArI lAla jI ne bhI apane anuja zrI ratana caMda jI, daravArIlAla jI, paramAnanda jI ke sahayoga se kanhaiyAlAla ratana caMda jaina zikSA TrasTa kI sthApanA kI tathA unake suputroM ne dhanya kumAra abhaya kumAra jaina zikSA TrasTa kI sthApanA kii| donoM TrasTa kramaza; san 1915 aura 1944 meM bane / kaTanI jaina saMsthAoM meM ina TrasToM kA mahatvapUrNa yoga rahA hai / sabhI TrasTa tIna lAkha ke haiM / saMskRta bhASA aura jaina dharma kI zikSA ina TrasToM kA mukhya uddezya hai / isakI pUrti hetu jo saMsthAe~ di0 jaina samAja meM sthApita haiM, unako bhI yathAsamaya ye TrasTa sahayoga de rahe haiN| sa0 siM0 kanhaiyAlAla jI ( dAdAjI ) ne apane jIvana kAla meM apanI pUrI jAyadAda - kI eka vasIyata banA dI thI jisase unakI putriyoM, parivAra, mandira aura dhArmika saMsthAoM kA poSaNa hotA hai / isa TasTa dvArA jaina dharmazAlA ke nirmANa meM eka lAkha rupayoM kA yogadAna kiyA hai| apanI isa vasIyata kI prAparTI Aja 2.925 lAkha kImata kaTanI jaina maMdira tivarI vAloM ke maMdira ke nAma se prakhyAta hai| mUla nAyaka bhagavAna caMda prabhU hai / isakI ora se sAhitya prakAzana bhI hotA hai / ina sabhI saMsthAoM aura TrasToM ke nirmANa meM va saMcAlana meM maiMne zaktyanusAra apanA yogadAna diyA hai| mere pitA jI ne san 15 meM mujhe pAMca aNuvrata diye the| usake bAda paramapUjya zrI 108 AcArya zAMti sAgara jI se maiMne san 1928 meM dvitIya pratimA ke vrata liye aura san 76 meM zrI 108 AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI se saptama pratimA ke vrata liye| unakA kaTanI meM padArpaNa huA thaa| kaTanI meM aura bhI choTI-moTI saMsthAeM sthApita hai, saMcAlita hai / yahA~ mujhe unakA sAMnidhya prApta huaa| kuMDalapura kSetra kA maiM 6 varSa adhyakSa rhaa| san 76 meM vahA~ mere adhyakSa kAla meM aitihAsika gajaratha paMcakalyANaka hue| kucha sajjana isake virodha meM bhI the| unake dvArA sAmAjika tathA adAlatI bAdhAe~ bhI isa kArya meM AI para apane sahayogiyoM ke sahayoga se aura jina dharma ke prabhAva se sarva kAma nirvighna hae / sa0 si0 kanhaiyAlAla giradhArI lAla jI Adi pUre siMghaI parivAra kA mujhe jIvana bhara sahArA milaa| unake kAraNa hI mujhe kaTanI saMsthA kI Arthika sahAyatA milI jisase sevA kA avasara milaa| merA sabhI kharca unhoMne svayaM tathA apane TrasTa dvArA vetana ke rUpa meM diyA / jaina samAja meM kisI vidvAn ko usake jIvana bhara isa prakAra ke kharca kA saMbhavataH yaha eka hI udAharaNa hai| aba merI Ayu kA 88vA varSa cala rahA hai| maiM 12 sAla se sabhI kAryoM se nivRtta ho kuMDalapura kSetra sthita udAsIna Azrama meM rahakara apanA jIvana dharma sAdhanApUrvaka vyatIta kara rahA huuN| merI sAmAnya jIvanakathA ukta prakAra hai| yadyapi aura bhI aneka ghaTanAyeM haiM, tathApi una sabakA saMniveza yahA~ nahIM kara rahA huuN| apane snehiyoM ke atyAgraha se ukta paMktiyA~ likhI gaI haiN| mere prAraMbhika vidyAguru

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1] merA jIvana-vRtta 63 sva0 paM0 bAbUlAla jI kaTanI the| morenA meM nyAyAcArya paM0 mANikacaMda jI, sva0 paM0 baMzIdhara jI evaM paM0 devakI nandana jI evaM jagannAtha jI zAstrI the| ina sabakA paricaya ukta kathAnaka meM na A sakA / kAzI ke prakhyAta naiyAyika paM0 ambAdAsa jI zAstrI mere guru the| anya gurujana bhI the| ___ ina 88 varSoM meM samAja ke aneka baMdhuoM se samparka AyA, anekoM kA snehabhAjana rahA / una sabakA ullekha isa choTe se lekha meM saMbhava nahIM hai| khuraI gurukula, ailorA gurukula, vidvat pariSad Adi saMsthAoM kI sthApanA meM va nirmANa meM bhI merA yathAzakya yogadAna rahA hai| itanI saMkSipta sUcanA ke sAtha maiM virAma letA huuN|

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sva0 paMDita bAbUlAlajI : mere vidyAguru paM0 jaganmohanalAla jI zAstrI kuMDalapura mere prArambhika vidyAgurusvargIya paM0 bAbUlAla jI ke pUrva nivAsa kA mujhe patA nahIM hai / maiMne apane bacapana se unheM kaTanI meM hI saparivAra rahate dekhA / kabhI unhoMne yaha batAyA thA ki kaTanI Ane ke pUrva ve sarakArI zAlAoM meM zikSikIya kArya kara cuke the / ve mere pitA jI ke sAthI aura mitra the / unake Ane ke 5 varSa pUrva, san 1903 meM kaTanI meM saMskRta zikSA kA prArambha ho cukA thA / ise saMskRta vidyAlaya kI sthApanA to nahIM kaha sakate kyoMki sva0 paM0 nAthUrAma lameMcU, jo mUlataH karahala ke nivAsI the aura una dinoM kaTanI meM rahate the, unhoMne apane nivAsa para hI 2-4 chAtroM ko saMskRta par3hAnA prArambha kara diyA thaa| tIna varSa taka isI prakAra saMskRta kA zikSaNa calatA rahA / isI pAThazAlA ko saMskRta vidyAlaya ke rUpa meM sthAyitva dene ke lie san 1906 meM samAja ne eka jamIna kharIdI aura bAraha hajAra ke cande se vidyAlaya bhavana kA nirmANa kraayaa| use saMskRta pAThazAlA kA nAma diyA gyaa| bAhara se bhI eka-do chAtra A gaye, unake rahane kI vyavasthA bhI usI bhavana meM kI gaI / san 1908 meM paM0 bAbUlAlajI ne nagara ke bAlaka-bAlikAoM ko zikSA dene ke abhiprAya se, hindI mAdhyama kI jaina pAThazAlA kA prArambha kiyaa| pAThazAlA lagane lagI / paM0 bAbUlAlajI hI usake pradhAna adhyApaka the / isa zAlA kI bandhu kucha asaMtuSTa aura ruSTa ho gae jo saMskRtazAlA calAte the / yahI kaTanI samAja jisakA ullekha paM0 bAbUlAla jI ne apane lekha meM kiyA hai| unhIM dinoM meM pravezikA ke pAThazAlA meM par3hA / isameM bhI saMskRta par3hAI jAtI thI jisake lie saMskRta zikSaka rakhe gaye the / meM dhArmika zikSA ke sAtha laukika mandira ke pIche kI koTharI meM vaha kucha samaya ke pazcAt zrI kSullaka pannAlAlajI ke prayatna yA prabhAva se jaba samAja kA matabheda samApta huA aura donoM pakSoM meM saujanya sthApita ho gayA, taba yaha hindI zAlA bhI paM0 nAthUrAma lameMcU dvArA 1903 meM sthApita saMskRta pAThazAlA se sambaddha hokara usI navanirmita zAlA bhavana meM calI gaI / sthApanA se samAja ke ve matabheda kA kAraNa banA lie do varSa taka isa paM0 bAbUlAlajI eka dharmaniSTha, laganazIla, karmaTha aura samAja- priya vidvAn the / ve sadaiva apane chAtroM ko hara prakAra se suyogya aura saMskAra-sampanna banAne ke lie prayatnazIla rahate the| Ajakala ke zikSakoM kI taraha ve mAtra vetanabhogI zikSaka na the jo ghar3I para nigAha rakhakara Adhe mana se kArya karate haiM / vidyArthiyoM se alaga se phIsa lekara TyUzana kI paddhati una dinoM kaTanI-jaisI jagaha meM prAya: prArambha hI nahIM huI thI / paNDitajI zAma-sabere aura rAtri meM bhI chAtrAvAsa ke chAtroM kI sahAyatA krte| unakI dekha-rekha vyavasthA Adi kA sArA kArya ve sevAbhAva se avaitanika hI karate the / ve sacce arthoM meM vidyAnurAgI the aura apane vidyArthiyoM para pitRvat sneha karate the / saMsthA kI samunnati ke liye sadA tatpara rahate the / eka suyogya jJAnArAdhakra kI taraha adhyApana meM saMlagna rahate hue paNDita jI hamezA apane liye bhI jJAna pipAsu bane rahe / ATha-nau varSa adhyApana karane ke uparAnta san 1917 meM ve svayaM siddhAnta-graMthoM ke adhyayana ke

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sva0 paNDita bAbUlAlajI : mere vidyAguru 65 lie morainA cale gye| una dinoM morainA meM guruvara paM0 gopAladAsajI baraiyA digambara jaina samAja ke sarvopari mAnyatA prApta, prasiddha aura sevAbhAvI vidvAn the| jJAnapipAsA zAnta karane ke lie unake pAsa bahuta dUra-dUra se loga Ate the| morainA se vApisa Akara paM0 bAbUlAlajI ne apanI AjIvikA ke liye kaTanI meM hI TopiyoM kI dukAna khola lii| taba mere pitAjI ke anurodha para paM0 kundanalAla jI sarakArI sarvisa chor3akara paM0 bAbUlAlajI ke sthAna para, kaTanI pAThazAlA ke pradhAna adhyApaka pada para aae| paM0 kundanalAla jI TreNDa adhyApaka the| zAsakIya sevA meM unakI acchI pratiSThA thii| maiM moranA tathA banArasa se apanI zikSA pUrI karake san 1923 meM kaTanI AyA aura isI pAThazAlA meM adhyApaka kA kArya karane lgaa| kAlAntara meM yahIM pradhAnAdhyApaka bana gyaa| paM0 kundanalAla jI ne zikSikIya kArya chor3a diyA aura apanA nijI vyavasAya karane lge| 0 bAbUlAla jI vyApAra meM saMlagna ho jAne para bhI isa pAThazAlA kI unnati ke lie sadA prayatnazIla rhe| saMsthA ke lie jaba jo sahayoga cAhA gayA, vaha unakI ora se upalabdha hotA rhaa| ve isa saMsthA ke lie si0 kanhaiyAlAla jI evaM si0 ratanacaMda jI ko sadaiva dAna dene kI preraNA karate rahate the| pAThazAlA kA vistAra hotA gyaa| chAtrAvAsa kA abhAva khaTakane lagA aura vidyAlaya ke liye bhI sthAna kI kamI par3ane lgii| taba navIna bhavana ke lie zAsana se upayukta jamIna kI prApti ke lie maiMne prayAsa kigaa| paM bAbUlAla jI ne isameM mujhe pUrA sahayoga diyaa| bhUmi prApta ho jAne ke uparAnta maiMne saMsthA ke bhavana nirmANa ke lie mirjApura nivAsI siM0 hIrAlAla kanhaiyAlAla jI se dAna kA anurodha kiyaa| siMghaI jI se isa dAna kI svIkRti dilAne meM bhI paM0 bAbUlAla jI kA mahatvapUrNa sahayoga rahA / siMghaI jI se unake parivAra kA kucha riztA bhI thaa| ata: unake sahayoga se hama mirjApura vAloM se dAna kI svIkRti pAne meM saphala hue| isa prakAra mirjApura vAle siMghaI hIrAlAla kanhaiyAlAla jI ne saMskRta vidyAlaya aura chAtrAvAsa ke lie apanI ora se pUrA bhavana banavAkara samAja ko samarpita kiyaa| Aja kaTanI nagara ke bIcoMbIca yaha vizAla aura AkarSaka do maMjilA bhavana, kacaharI ke ThIka sAmane apanA sira U~cA kiye hue, apane nirmAtA kI kIrti kA udghoSa karatA haA zAna se khar3A hai| jaina zikSA-saMsthAna ke chAtrA aura saMskRta-zikSA Adi saba vibhAga usI meM calate haiN| isa prakAra mujhe yaha svIkAra karane meM gaurava kI anubhUti hotI hai ki kaTanI kI jaina zikSA-saMsthA ke saMcAlana meM, aura usakI cahuMmukhI abhivRddhi meM, mujhe apane prArambhika vidyAguru sva0 paM0 bAbUlAla jI kA mArgadarzana prApta huaa| vAstava meM unhIM kI sahAyatA, sahayoga aura AzIrvAda se hI mujhe apane prayatnoM meM barAbara saphalatA milatI rahI, ataH maiM unake paramopakAra kA sadA RNI huuN| paNDita jI ne jIvana ke aMtima samaya meM isa saMsthA ke bAre meM yaha patra likhakara, jaina patroM meM prakAzita karAne ke nirdeza ke sAtha mere pAsa bhejA thaa| isa patra meM kucha aisI bhI ghaTanAoM kA ullekha thA jinake bAre meM pahale mujhe bhI patA nahIM thaa| parantu vaha merI prazaMsA se bharA thA, isalie maiMne use prakAzita nahIM kraayaa| panAgara meM san 1968 meM, 83 sAla kI Ayu meM paNDita bAbUlAla jI kA dehAvasAna haa| saMsthA ke prati unakI sevAyeM tathA apane prati unakA sneha evaM upakAra-merI smRti meM AdarapUrvaka cira-sthAyI haiM /

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jaina zikSA-saMsthA ke saMsthApaka aura saMcAlaka nIraja jaina satanA, ma0pra0 bIsavIM zatAbdI ke pahale dazaka meM eka nispRha zikSAvratI adhyApaka ne samAja ke bAlakoM ko jaina dharma ke saMskAroM ke sAtha zikSA dene ke abhiprAya se, sarakArI naukarI chor3akara, eka dina eka choTI-sI koTharI meM apane jJAna-yajJa kA zubhArambha kiyaa| unakA ropA huA vaha paudhA dhIre-dhIre bar3hakara thor3e hI samaya meM eka vizAla aura chAyAdAra vRkSa ke rUpa meM vRddhiMgata huaa| saMyoga kI bAta yaha rahI ki usI mahAn adhyApaka ke eka suyogya ziSya ne usa paudhe ko apane jIvana bhara sIMcA aura saMrakSaNa diyaa| guru ne apanI pacahattara sAla kI Ayu meM usa vidyAlaya kA lekhA-jokhA likhakara apane ziSya ko sauMpa diyaa| ziSya ne apanI prasaMzA ke paraheja ke kAraNa paccIsa varSa taka usa dastAveja ko apane baste meM sabase nIce bAMdha kara rkhaa| Aja, itihAsa kI zRMkhalAe~ jor3ane ke prayAsa meM vaha mahatvapUrNa virAsata akasmAt hAtha laga gaI / aba taka ziSya mahArAja bhI 'bAbA jI' banakara apane pitA dvArA sthApita udAsIna Azrama meM pahuMca cuke haiM / usa parama nispRhI, sevAbhAvI adhyApaka kA nAma thA paM0 bAbU laal| unake suyogya ziSya ko hama paM0 jaganmohana lAla zAstrI ke nAma se praNAma karate haiN| ve kaTanI kI jaina zikSA-saMsthA ke prAthamika kakSA ke vidyArthI se lekara pradhAna adhyApaka aura pramukha-saMcAlaka taka vibhinna rUpoM meM apane pUre samaya isa saMsthA se jur3e rhe| Aja bhI unheM aura saMsthA ko alaga-alaga nahIM mAnA jAtA / vastutaH jaina zikSA-saMsthA kaTanI kA itivRtta prakArAntara se paNDita jaganmohana lAla jI kI kahAnI hai, aura paNDita jI kA jIvana paricaya prakArAntara se saMsthA kA hI paricaya hai| savAI siMghaI ratana candra jI ne san 1918 meM paccIsa hajAra rupaye kA dAna nikAlA / apane dAna-patra meM unhoMne yaha nirdeza kiyA ki isa rAzi se byAja kI jo Aya ho, usakA AdhA bhAga jaina pAThazAlA ke chAtrAvAsa kI vyavasthA meM vyaya kiyA jAya aura zeSa AdhI rAzi jaganmohana lAla kI AjIvikA ke lie upayoga meM AtI rhe| yaha dAna-patra paM0 bAbU lAla jI kI preraNA se likhA gayA aura unake tathA dAtAra ke bIca meM hI rhaa| jaganmohana lAla jI ko bhI yaha vyavasthA bahata dinoM taka jJAta nahIM thii| yaha dAna-patra kacce kAgaja para kisI munzI ke hAtha se likhAyA gayA thaa| isa para dAtAra ke hastAkSara bhI nahIM the| kAlAntara meM ise vaidhAnika rUpa dene ke lie jaba san 1935 aura 1939 meM prayAsa kiye gaye, taba isa viSaya meM samAja meM aisA bhrama phailA diyA gayA jisase kaTanI meM isa bAta ko lekara kaI saptAhoM taka eka Andolana sA chir3A rhaa| khaira, dAna-patra kA prakaraNa to apane DhaMga se kucha dinoM meM samApta ho gayA parantu isa ghaTanA ne siMghaI jI kA mana sAmAjika kAryoM ke prati khaTTA kara diyaa| vAstava meM dAna-patra kI rajisTrI karAte samaya apanI sampatti kA aura bhI bhAga ve usameM sammilita karanA cAhate the parantu phira apane aMta samaya taka ve aisA nahIM kara paaye| eka moTI rUpa-rekhA banI, para isI bIca san 1939 meM hI unakA dehAvasAna ho gyaa| unake maraNoparAnta unake uttarAdhikAriyoM kI ora se unakI bhAvanA ke anurUpa, pUrvajoM ke dAna ke rUpa meM, 51,000 hajAra kI rAzi dAna meM nikAlI aura usakA vidhivat TrasTa banA diyA gyaa|

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jaina zikSA-saMsthApaka aura saMcAlaka 67 san 1923 meM paM0 jaganmohana lAla jI kaTanI Akara saMsthA meM adhyApana karane lage parantu unhoMne koI vetana, yA apane nirvAha ke lie koI kharca kabhI bhI zikSA-saMsthA se nahIM liyaa| san 1930 taka to, niyamita adhyApaka hote hue bhI, saMsthA ke vetana rajisTara meM paNDita jI kA nAma taka nahIM thaa| isake bAda jaba eka bAra jilA zAlA nirIkSaka ne unase anurodha kiyA ki yadi ApakA nAma vetana rajisTara para rahegA to usa rAzi para bhI zAsakIya anudAna milegA aura saMsthA kI bhalAI hogii| Apa nAma na dekara saMsthA kI hAni karA rahe haiM / taba paNDita jI ne saMsthA ke vetana rajisTara para apanA nAma likhane kI anumati dii| parantu apanA vetana yA kharca ve hamezA siMghaI jI ke pArivArika TrasTa se hI lete rhe| paNDita jI dvArA svIkAra kI gaI isa rAzi ne kabhI TrasTa kI Aya kI unake liye nirdhArita sImA ko pAra nahIM kiyaa| usase kucha kama, 3/4 yA 4/5 rAzi meM hI ve apanA kAma calAte rhe| kAlAntara meM unake putra vyavasAya meM agrasara hue aura aba eka sampanna-sukhI parivAra ke rUpa meM vyavasthita haiN| maiM samajhatA hU~ kathA kI isa zRMkhalA ke sabhI pAtra apane Apa meM aise mahAn rahe jo Aja samAja ke kisI bhI varga yA vyakti ke liye Adarza udAharaNa ho sakate haiM / paNDita bAbU lAla jI apanI lagana ke pakke aura vidyA-prasAra ke prati gahana-niSThA vAle vyakti the| svargIya siMghaI baMdhu vAtsalya-pUrita, udAra aura dUradarzI mahApuruSa aura hamAre guru jI paNDita jaganmohana lAla jI eka aise sAdhaka haiM jinhoMne samAja ke aMdhakAra-AveSThita konoM taka jJAna kA prakAza pahu~cAne meM apanA pUrA jIvana hI lagA diyaa| aise zubhAnudhyAyI vyaktitva sadaiva samAja kI saMstuti aura zraddhA ke pAtra rahe haiM / samAja ko unase dIrghakAla taka preraNA milatI rahegI, aisI AzA hai|

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zrI atizaya kSetra kuMDalapura meM sthita zrI jaina udAsIna Azrama ke saMsthApaka paM0 bAbU lAla jI zAstrI bhU0pU0 pradhAnAdhyApaka, jaina pAThazAlA, kaTakI, madhya-pradeza pUjya bAbA gokala prasAda jI varNI ke saMsmaraNa aura ziSya ko AzIrvacana kaTanI kI jana zikSA saMsthA se Aja jaina samAja bhalI-bhAMti paricita hai| yaha saMsthA prativarSa aneka vidyArthiyoM ko vidvAn banAkara jana-sAdhAraNa kI bhalI-bhA~ti sevA kara rahI hai aura dinoMdina pragatizIla hai| isakI pragati meM isakA suvyavasthita rUpa meM ho rahA saMcAlana mukhya sahAyaka hai, jo ise lokapriya banAkara isakA bharaNapoSaNa kara rahA hai| isakA zreya isake suyogya saMcAlaka vANI-bhUSaNa, vratI paMDita jaganmohanalAlajI siddhAntazAstrI ko hai| jisa bhA~ti zaizava avasthA meM mAtA kI amita mamatA se hae lAlana-pAlana aura sikhAye gae bolacAla, vyavahAra Adi kA smaraNa kara kRtajJa-jana vayaska hone para apanI mAtA kI sevA karanA apanA kartavya mAnatA hai, ThIka usI prakAra ye bhI isa saMsthA kI sevA karane meM athaka parizrama kara rahe haiN| Aja ke pacAsa varSa pUrva isa saMsthA kI jananI jaina pAThazAlA meM Apane hindI, aMgrejI aura saMskRta bhASA meM laukika tathA jainadharma viSayaka jJAna bAlabodha aura pravezikA kakSAoM meM par3hakara prApta kiyA thA aura usI ke AdhAra para snAtakottara jJAna saMpAdana kara samAja va rASTra-sevA tathA jainadharma prabhAvanA bar3hAne meM samartha hue| ye saMsthA ke usI RNabhAra ke cukAne ke rUpa meM Aja athaka parizrama kara rahe haiN| Apane apane bAlya jIvana meM apane pUjya pitA svargIya bAbA gokala prasAdajI kI vratI jIvanacaryA se jo Adarza sadAcAra kA abhyAsa kiyA thA, Aja apanA usI ke anukUla indriya-jita vratI jIvana banAye hue apane chAtroM ko bhI sadAcArI banA rahe haiN| itanA hI nahIM, cAritra pAlana meM atyanta pramAdI paMDitoM ke sanmukha Adarza bhI upasthita kara rahe haiN| paMDita jI ke pitA zrImAn gokala prasAda jI jabalapura jilAntargata majhaulI kasbA ke nivAsI sad gRhastha sajjana the| ApakI eka kanyA vinayazrI aura eka putra jaganmohana-mAtra do santAneM thiiN| Apa kanyA kA pANigrahaNa jabalapura ke kAleja ke vidyArthI sadAcArI navayuvaka siMghaI baTTIlAlajI ke sAtha karAkara nizcinta huye the ki daivadurvipAka se kaheM san 1909 meM bImArI se AkrAMta hokara ApakI sulakSaNA AjJAkAriNI pativratA dharmapatnI svargavAsinI ho gii| inake viyoga se Apa duHkhI ho gye| isake kucha dinoM ke pazcAt Apa kaTanI meM aaye| yahA~ Apake mausere bhAI sa. si. kanhaiyA lAla jI, ratana caMda jI, darabArI lAla jI aura paramAnaMda jI sammilita rUpa meM rahate the| ye kaTanI ke supratiSThita savAI siMghaI kanhaiyA lAla giradhArI lAla pharma ke svAmI the| ina cAroM bhAiyoM ne ApakA acchA Adara kiyA, bhalI-bhAMti samajhA bujhAkara Apake saMtapta cittA ko sAMtvanA phuNcaaii| ataeva Apa kaTanI meM rahane lge| bar3e bhAI kanhaiyA lAla jI ne Apake punarvivAha karane kI carcA bhI calAI, paraMtu Apane udAsIna vRtti kI ora pragati kara rahe apane citta ko punaH vanitA rUpI ber3I meM bAMdhane meM apanI asamarthatA dikhaaii| Apane jainAgama kA svAdhyAya dvArA adhyayana karanA aura manana karanA, vairAgya upAvana bhAvanAoM kA cintana karanA hI apanA lakSya bnaayaa| usa samaya maiM kaTanI kI isI jaina pAThazAlA meM adhyApaka thaa| isakI sthApanA san 1908 meM huI thii| usa samaya yatra-tatra jo jaina samAja kI pAThazAlAyeM cAlU thIM, unameM

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zrI atizaya kSetra kuMDalapura meM sthita zrI jaina udAsIna Azrama ke saMsthApaka 69 rAtri ke samaya sarakArI skUloM meM par3hane vAle vidyArthiyoM ko kevala dharma viSaya kI zikSA hI dI jAtI thii| skUloM meM pAMca cha: ghanToM meM bhASA, sAhitya, maNita, bhUgola, padArtha vijJAna Adi aneka viSayoM ko par3hane meM tallIna vidyArthI isa dharma zikSA ko grahaNa karane meM bahuta kama mana lagAte the| merA sujhAva thA ki prayojanIya vyAvahArika viSayaka jJAna karAne vAle vividha viSayoM ke sAtha eka hI zAlA meM sAtha meM jaina dharma kI bhI zikSA dI jAve, jisase ve ise bhI manoyoga se grahaNa karake lAbhAnvita hote rheN| yadyapi maiM skUla ke pAThya viSayoM kI zikSA dene meM bhalI-bhAMti abhyasta thA, paraMtu jaina dharma viSayaka jJAna se prAyaH achUtA hI thA, kintu use pAne ke liye atyaMta lAlAyita thA aura prayatnazIla bhI thA / jJAna ke binA kriyAyeM phaladAyaka nahIM hai| bAbA jI ne aisA anubhava karake AtmA ke parama kalyANakArI caritra ko sArthaka banAne ke liye Amama jJAna kA abhyAsa karanA Avazyaka maanaa| ataeva ise prApta karane ke liye Apane jaina zAstroM kA svAdhyAya karanA prAraMbha kiyA aura Agama jJAna ko prApta karane kI abhilASA rakhane vAle apane bhAI sa. si. ratana caMda jI tathA paTavArI giradhArI lAla jI aura mujhako apanA sAthI banA liyaa| aba hama cAroM jJAna-pipAsuoM ke sahayoga se isa kakSA kI par3hAI prArambha huii| pratidina zrI jina maMdira meM prAtaH kAla Der3ha-do ghaMTA baiThakara zAstroM kA adhyayana hone lgaa| hama cAroM hI paraspara meM eka-dUsare ke adhyApaka aura vidyArthI banakara zAstra par3hate, carcA karate aura apanI buddhi ke anusAra nirNaya karane lge| jisa bAta kA saMtoSajanaka nirNaya na hotA athavA jisa chaMda yA paMkti yA zabda kA artha nikAlane meM buddhi kAma na karatI, usake sambandha meM nirNaya karAne- artha samajhane ke vAste kitAba para use likhane lge| deva-yoga se, jaba kabhI pUjya paMDita ziromaNi gopAla dAsa jI varaiyA se yA usa samaya ke paMDita gaNeza prasAda jI tathA anya jaina paMDitoM se bheMTa ho jAtI. taba likhI huI zaMkAoM kA, praznoM kA nirNaya karA lete, artha ko samajha lene the| isa prakAra satat prayatnazIla rahane se ati alpakAla meM hI chaha DhAlA, dravya saMgraha, ratnakaraMDazrAvakAcAra, mokSazAstra, arthaprakAzikA, nATaka samayasAra, paMcAstikAya Adi mahAn granthoM kA adhyayana karake tatvajJAna ke artha ko saMcaya karane ke yogya pU~jI rUpa meM kucha jJAna prApta kara liyaa| hama sabakA yaha zubha prayatna cAlU hI thA ki isI aksara para satanA se pUjya kSullaka bAbA pannA lAla jI kA kaTanI meM zubhAgamana huaa| Aphke Agamana se isa svAdhyAya maNDalI ke pramukha zrI bra. mokala prasAda jI ko bar3A harSa huaa| ApakI udAsIna bhAvanA ko preraNA prApta huii| sAtha hI, yaha AzA huI ki kaTanI ke vidyamAna phUTa mahArAnI ko bidA milegI jisake liye Apa pahile se prayatna kara rahe the| bAbA jI ke upadeza se barasoM se ( pArTiyoM meM ) jo vaimanasya phailA thA, vaha dUra ho gyaa| barasoM se jo khAna-pAnAdi vyavahAra baMda thA, vaha cAlU ho gyaa| parantu isake sthAna meM eka nayI bAdhA upasthita ho gii| bAbA jI chape hue zAstroM ke paThanapAThana karane ke virodhI the| isa kAraNa Apane zrI maMdira jI meM baiThakara chape zAstroM kA par3hanA baMda karA diyaa| sAtha hI, zAstrabhaMDAra meM vidyamAna chape zAstroM ko vahA~ se uThavA diyaa| bAbAjI ke isa Adeza se samyagjJAna ke prasAra meM jo ror3A aTakA, usase svAdhyAya premI baMdhuoM ke citta meM bar3A AghAta phNcaa| paraMtu upAya kyA thA, guru-pada para ArUr3ha kSullaka mahArAja ke Adeza ko ullaMghana karane kI kisameM sAmarthya thI kyoMki usake ullaMghana karane vAle ke liye bhaviSya meM naraka kI bhArI yAtanA ko bhogane ke sibAya vartamAna meM paMcoM dvArA diye jAne vAle daMDa ko sahane kA bhaya thaa| yadyapi kucha dinoM taka hamArI adhyayana kakSA kA kArya sarasvatI bhaMDAra meM saMgRhIta likhita zAstroM ke paThana-pAThana rUpa meM calatA rahA, paraMtu likhita zAstroM meM lekhakoM kI anabhijJatA se tathA pramAda ke kyA se aneka azuddhiyA~ hone se aneka sthaloM para zabdoM ke hI samAna vAkya ke vAkya chUTe hue hone ke kAraNa

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7050 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa vAstavika artha ke bodha karane meM bar3I ulajhana upasthita hone lgii| jaina pAThazAlA meM cAlU pAThyakrama meM jaina dharma viSayaka chape hae graMtha chahaDhAlA, dravyasaMgraha, ratnakaraMDazrAvakAcAra, mokSazAstra Adi granthoM ke par3hAne meM bAbAjI ke isa Adeza kA pratibandha nahIM lagA thaa| isako maiMne chAtroM kA aura apanA zubha bhAgyodaya hI mAnA thaa| kSullaka mahArAja ke isa Adeza se chape zAstroM ke adhyayana meM AI huI bAdhA ke kAraNa bAbAjI (gokula prasAdajI) ke jJAna-pipAsu mana meM bahuta hI khinnatA huii| ise kama karane ke liye Apane tIrthayAtrA kI bAta socI / Apake isa vicAra ke patA lagane para Apa ke parama snehI bandhu sa0 siM0 kanhaiyAlAlajI ne isakI anumodanA karate hue isa yAtrA meM hone vAle sampUrNa vyaya kA bhAra binA mAMge hue hI vahana kara liyaa| basa, phira kyA thA, apanI ekamAtra pUMjI bAlaka jaganmohana ko sAtha meM lekara Apane yAtrArtha prasthAna kara diyaa| Apane aneka tIthoM kI baMdanA karate hue san 1911-12 meM paramapUjya zrI gomaTezvara bhagavAn ke pAdapadmoM ke darzana karake narabhava ko saphala banAyA, tadanaMtara yahA~ se calakara AsapAsa ke kSetroM meM vidyamAna bhavyajanoM ko Atmabodha karAne vAle zrI jinabimboM ke darzana karate hae Apa belagA~va meM aaye| saMyoga kI bAta thI ki isa avasara para zrI dakSiNa prAMtIya digambara jaina sabhA kA vArSika adhivezana ho rahA thaa| adhivezana ke adhyakSa pada ke liye svAgata kAriNI samiti ne apane prAMta kI jaina janatA se sanmAnanIya nirbhIka spaSTavaktA, jainadharma kI prabhAvanA baDhAne meM kaTibaddha rahane vAle udAra paMDitapravara paMDita gopAladAsajI varaiyA ko niyata kiyA thaa| isa adhivezana - meM sammilita hone ke liye kaTanI se jAne vAle sa0 siM0 ratana candajI tathA anya sajjanoM ke sAtha merA bhI vahA~ pahu~canA huA thaa| adhivezana kA sampUrNa kArya nirvighnatApUrvaka Ananda se sampanna haa| sabhAdhyakSa pada se diye hae bhASaNa se sarvasAdhAraNa janatA ko saMtoSa huA, vidvAnoM ko aneka saiddhAntika gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne kA lAbha milaa| isa adhivezana meM uttara tathA madhya bhArata ke aneka dhImAn aura zrImAn jainabandhu padhAre the| kaTanI se gaye hue hama saba bandhuoM ko usa samaya bar3A harSa huA jaba belagA~va meM apane zraddhA-bhAjana bAbA gokalaprasAda jI ko Atmaja jaganmohana sahita dekhA / Apa tIrthoM kI yAtrA karate hue sakuzala vahA~ padhAre the| adhivezana samApta hone para hamArI maMDalI vahAM se calakara bambaI hotI huI kaTanI ko vApisa A gaI aura sAtha meM bAbAjI ko Agraha karake sAtha meM livA le aaii| zrI 105 pUjya chullaka pannAlAlajI ke jAne ke pazcAt kaTanI meM zrI 105 pUjya aillaka pannAlAlajI mahArAja kA zubhAgamana huA, Apane samyagjJAna ke prasAra meM parama sahAyaka hone vAle zAstroM kA chape hae hone mAtra se niSedha karane ke diye hue chullaka mahArAja ke Adeza ko ahitakara kahA aura kheda prakaTa kiyA tathA chape zAstroM ko maMdira jI meM rakhane tathA unake paThana-pAThana karane kI AjJA pradAna kii| aillaka mahArAja ke Ane ke samaya bAbA gokala prasAdajI kaTanI se yAtrArtha cale gaye the| belagA~va se Ane para bAbAjI ne apanI svAdhyAya kakSA punaH cAla kara dii| kucha samaya pazcAt kaTanI meM plega kA prakopa hone se nagaranivAsiyoM ko bAhira jAnA par3A, roga zamana hone para jaba hama loga nagara meM Aye, taba puna: svAdhyAya kakSA cAla ho gaI / yadyapi bAbAjI kA kaTanI meM apane suhRda sa: si kanhaiyAlAla jI ratanacaMdajI dvArA pUrNa suvidhAeM hone se mana binA kisI vighna-bAdhAoM ke sukhapUrvaka dharmasAdhana meM vyatIta ho rahA thA, paraMtu Apake mana meM sadaiva aisI bhAvanA rahane lagI thI ki kabhI aisI suvidhA prApta ho jAya ki kisI tIrthakSetra meM apane hI samAna udAsIna dRtti vAle mumukSu, tyAgI, brahmacArI bhavyajanoM ke samAgama meM sneha kA lAbha prApta hone lge| usa samaya Aja kala ke samAna udAsIna Azrama nahIM the| Apa isI avasara para zrI atizaya kSetra kuMDalapura meM vidyamAna zrI 1008 bhagavAn mahAvIra jI kI yAtrA karane ke liye damoha ko gaye, aura jana sahayoga se Azrama kI sthApanA bhI kuMDalapura meM kii| daivayoga se kucha samaya bAda sAgara se nyAyAcArya paMDita gaNeza prasAda jI kA bhagavAna mahAvIra jI ke darzanArtha AnA huA aura damoha meM

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zrI atizaya kSetra kuMDalapura meM sthita zrI jaina udAsIna Azrama ke saMsthApaka 71 bAbAjI se bheMTa hii| paMDita jI ne brahmacarya pratimA dhAraNa karane kI apanI abhilASA Apase prakaTa kii| yaha sunakara Apa ko bar3A harSa haA, jJAnopArjana karake usake prasAra meM tana-mana se dattacitta paMDitajI ke mana ko vrata pAlana kI ora AkarSaNa bAbA jI ke liye parama pramoda kA kAraNa thaa| bAbA jI ke prati AcaraNa meM samyaka cAritra kI vAstavikatA kI jhalaka dekhakara paMDita jI ne Apase saptama pratimA ke vrata grahaNa karane kI icchA prakaTa kI aura zrI 1008 paramapUjya bhagavAn ke bimba ke Age bAbA jI se brahmacarya pratimA ke vrata grahaNa kiye| jJAna prasAda ke satprayatna meM aharniza prayatnazIla mahAvidvAn isa yuvaka ko cAritra pathArUr3ha karake bAbA jI kaTanI ko lauTa aaye| bAbA jI kI manogata kAmanA ko sphUti prApta huii| Apa kA mujhapara pyAra ke sivAya vizvAsa bhI thaa| ataeva Apane mujhase apanI hArdika abhilASA kaha sunaaii| sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA ki udAsInAzrama ke upayukta isa kSetra meM kuMDalapura atizaya kSetra hai| basa, phira kyA thA, Azrama kI vRddhi ke lie yojanA taiyAra kI gaI, sAtha hI kaTanI kI jaina pAThazAlA ke jaina chAtrAvAsa meM, jisakI sthApanA san 1913 meM pUjya varNI jI ne kI thI, rahane vAle chAtroM ke bhojana Adi kI vyavasthA ke lie zAlA ke parama hitaiSI sa0 siM0 ratanacanda aura maiM, grISma kAla ke eka mAha ke avakAza meM devarI, sihorA, panAgara, umariyA, zahaDola, akalatarA aura rAjanAdagA~va Adi sthAnoM meM DepUTezana rUpa meM jAte the aura isa bhramaNa meM lagabhaga bAhara sau rupayoM kI sahAyatA prApta kara lAte the| igra bhramaNa meM hameM jagadalapura (bastara sTeTa) nivAsI zrI munnAlAla karor3elAlajI, dIpacandajI Adi se bhI sahAyatA prApta hotI thii| Azrama kI unnati kI yojanA bana jAne para isa varSa bAbA jI aura maiM jaganmohana ko sAtha lekara bhramaNArtha nikle| ghara meM Avazyaka kArya ke kAraNa ratanacaMda jI kA jAnA nahIM ho skaa| sahAyatA prApta karake hamArI maNDalI kaTanI vApisa A gii| mujhe usa samaya isa bAta kI kalpanA nahIM thI ki hamAre sAtha meM saMsthA kI sahAyatA ke lie nikalA pAThazAlA kA yaha bAlaka vidyArthI ApanA bhaviSya jIvana, apanI jJAnadAtrI janmI isa jaina pAThazAlA kI sevA meM hI bitaayegaa| caMdA karake vApisa Ane para maiMne saM0 siM0 kanhaiyA lAla jI se bAbA jI kI bhAvanA kaha sunaaii| ise sunakara ve bole ki bhaiyA kA vicAra to acchA hai, acchA hove ki ye yahA~ hI rahakara tyAgI vratI bhAiyoM ko bulA leM aura hamako unakI sevA suzrUSA karane kA avasara deveM aura zubha dAna meM yoga dene kI suvidhA prApta karAkara hamako puNya kA bhAgI banAveM / yaha sunakara maiMne unase kahA ki ApakI udAratA tathA zubha bhAvanA kA bAbA jI ko pUrNa paricaya hai| ApakA unake prati jo agAdha vAtsalya hai, jise bhI ve khUba jAnate haiM, parantu isa sthAna kI apekSA ve isa mahatvapUrNa saMsthA ke lie kuMDalapura kSetra ko adhika upayukta samajhate halapura kSetra ko adhika upayukta samajhate haiN| siM0 jI ne bAbA jI ke ina vicAroM ko sunakara mujhase kahA ki hamArI ora se unase kaha do ki ve apanI icchAnusAra kArya kareM aura apane manuSya jIvana ko dharma-sAdhana meM vyatIta kreN| rahI jaganmohana kI bAta, so isake lie hama pahale hI kaha cuke hai ki ve isake bharaNa-poSaNa, vidyAdhyayana, vivAha Adi kI cintA chor3akara isase niHzalya ho jaaveN| hama cAroM bhAI ise putravat mAna rahe haiM aura Age bhI mAnate rheNge| inake pAsa abhI jo kucha gahanA Adi hai, ise bhI ye Azrama ke bhaNDAra meM jamA karAkara niHzalya ho jaaveN| hamase jahA~ taka banegA, inake bhaviSya jIvana meM bhI inakI yathAzakti vaiyAvRtti karate rheNge| mujhase siM0 jI ke ye vicAra sunakara bAbA jI ko parama saMtoSa haa| aba inhoMne udAsIna Azrama meM rahane ke lie, tyAgI-vratI bhAiyoM kI khoja karane ke lie prasthAna kiyaa| ye kaTanI se damoha padhAre aura vahA~ kI jaina samAja ke sanmukha apanI icchA prakaTa kii| isakI samAja ne hRdaya se anumodanA karate hue sarAhanA kI aura zrI kuMDalapura kSetra meM khole gaye isa Azrama kI vyavasthA kA bhAra vahana karane kA vacana bhI inako diyaa|

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72 50 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha bAbA jI ne usa samaya taka bhramaNa karake pAI huI dAna kI sampatti, va apanI dI huI sampatti samAja ke sammukha rakha dii| phira damoha kI samAja ne udAsIna Azrama kI sahAyatA karane ke lie eka samiti kA saMgaThana kiyA aura usake padAdhikArI niyata karake koSAdhyakSa mahAzaya ke pAsa usa sampatti ko udAsIna Azrama ke khAte meM jamA karA diyaa| Azrama kI Arthika sahAyatA hetu bAbA jI jaina samAja kI dhana-kubera nagarI indaura gye| kisI vizeSa asavara para vahA~ samAja ekatrita kii| inhoMne sabhA meM apane udgAra prakaTa karane kI icchA vyakta kI, paraMtu saraseTha sA0 ne inakI sAdhAraNa vezabhUSA se inheM koI caMdA mAMgane vAlA garIba jAnakara bolane kA avasara nahIM diyaa| usa samaya seThajI ke pAsa bra. darayAva siMhajI sodhiyA rahate the| unhoMne seThajI ko bAbA jI kA paricaya kraayaa| taba seThajI ne inheM bolane kA avasara diyaa| tyAgI Azrama kI mahatI AvazyakatA sunakara seThajI ko parama Ananda haa| tInoM hI bhAiyoM ne gyAraha-gyAraha hajAra rupayA dekara indaura meM Azrama kholane ke lie bAbA jI se prArthanA kii| bAbAjI ko bahuta Ananda huA aura ve seThajI kI icchAnusAra cAra mAha indaura meM Azrama kI sthApanA tathA usake saMcAlana ke lie rhe| bAda meM bra. pannAlAlajI godhA ko indaura Azrama kA adhiSThAtA banavAkara bAbAjI kuMDalapura vApisa Ane lge| seTha sA0 cAhate the ki ye yahA~ hI raheM para bAbAjI kuMDalapura AnA cAhate the| seThajI bole "phira tumheM yahA~ se kyA milA?" bAbAjI ne kahA- "eka Azrama cAhatA thA, so mujhe yahA~ dUnA lAbha milA, do Azrama ho gye|" seTha sAhaba ko unakI dharmaniSTha nirIha-vRtti para Azcarya haa| bAbAjI kuMDalapUra vApisa A gye| kucha samaya pazcAt kaTanI meM sa0 siM0 ratanacaMdajI ko zarIra meM ghora vedanA huii| usa samaya inake agraja sa0 siM0 kanhaiyAlAlajI ne inase mamatApUrNa zabdoM meM kahA-"bhaiyA, sAhasa karo, bhagavAn kI bhakti zIghra hI tumhArI isa vedanA ko dUra kregii| hamArA tumase isa avasara para yaha Agraha hai ki binA kisI prakAra kA saMkoca kiye, jitanI cAho utanI sampatti dAna kara do| 'azrupAta karate hue agraja ke ina mamatA bhare vacanoM ko sunakara ratanacaMda bole" "bhaiyA, aura bhAiyoM ko bhI bulA lo|" isI samaya bhAI darabArIlAla aura paramAnanda bhI vahA~ A gaye aura vinamra hokara bole--"bhaiyA, jo kucha dene kI icchA hove, de ddaalo| tumhAre diye hue isa dAna se hone vAle puNya meM hama bhI to bhAgIdAra rhege|" basa phira kyA thA, ratanacaMdajI ne merI sAkSI dete hae kahA'"jisa dina Apane paccIsa hajAra rupayoM kA rehananAmA likhAyA thA, hamane kakkA se usI dina kahA thA ki hamArI icchA hai ki bar3e bhaiyA yaha rehananAmA vidyAdAna meM likhA deN|" ratanacaMdajI kI yaha bAta saca thI, maiMne bhI ise ThIka khaa| ise sunakara upasthita tInoM baMdhuoM ne kahA---' isa rakama ko hama saba usI samama se, bhaiyA kI icchAnusAra, vidyAdAna meM denA svIkAra karate haiN|" kucha samaya pazcAt ratanacaMda jI svasya ho gye| inake svasya ho jAne para, ina saba bhAiyoM ne dAna meM dI haI paccIsa hajAra kI rakama va isase milane vAle byAja kI kula rakama kA vidhivat dAna-patra likha diyaa| isameM se AdhI rakama se hone vAlI Aya jaina chAtrAvAsa kI sahAyatArtha, aura zeSa AdhI rakama se hone vAlI Aya jaganmohanalAla ko sadaiva sahAyatArtha dI jAtI rahe jise prAptakara ve apanI gRhasthI ke kharca kI cintA se nizcinta rahakara, jJAna prasAra ke kArya meM rata rheN| isa dAnapatra ke mAdhyama se siMghaI jI ne, chAtrAvAsa ke saMsthApaka anuja ratanacaMda kI manobhAvanA kI, aura bAbAjI ko diye hue vacana kI, jaganmohana lAla ke bharaNa-poSaNa Adi ke bhAra vahana kI pUrti ke artha yaha stutya kArya kiyA /

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zrI atizaya kSetra kuMDalapura meM sthita zrI jaina udAsIna Azrama ke saMsthApaka 73 morainA ke siddhAnta vidyAlaya aura banArasa ke syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya se snAtaka banakara kaTanI Ane para paMDita jaganmohanalAlajI ne kaTanI ke jaina pAThazAlA ke saMcAlana kA bhAra samhAlA aura mana-vacanakArya se dattacitta rahakara usa saMsthA ko pragati kI ora bar3hAte hue pAThazAlA se Aja jaina-zikSA-saMsthA ke rUpa meM pariNata kara diyA hai| Aja isa saMsthA ke antargata jaina saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya cala rahA hai, jisameM jaina siddhAnta ke granthoM ke sAtha nyAya, vyAkaraNa, sAhitya, Ayurveda aura saMskRta bhASA kI zikSA dI jAtI hai| isake sAtha, zAsana se mAnyatA prApta eka jaina miDila skUla, jaina mAdhyamika zAlA aura bAlaka-bAlikAoM ke lie jaina bAlabodhanI pAThazAlA kA bhI saMcAlana ho rahA hai| paMDita jI apane abhibhAvaka svargIya savAI siMghaI jI ke kuTumba ke prati pUrNa sahAnubhUti rakhate hae kRtajJatA ke sAtha unake dAna ko sArthaka kara rahe haiN| Apa apanI vratIcaryA ko pAlate hae jaina samAja kI aneka bhAratavarSIya jaina sabhAoM, pariSadoM aura gurukuloM Adi ke adhyakSa, maMtrI Adi adhikAra ke pada prApta karake unameM apanI yogyatApUrvaka sucAru rUpa se saMcAlana meM yogadAna de rahe haiN| paMDita jaganmohana lAla ko apane pUjya pitA ke Adarza vratI jIvana ko AMzika paraMtu nirdoSa rUpa meM pAlate hue, tathA apane pUjya gurujanoM tathA abhibhAvakoM dvArA sthApita kiye hue vidyAlaya-chAtrAvAsa Adi rUpa vRkSa ko samhAlane meM va usakI pragati karane meM tallIna dekhakara merA mana sadaiva parama prasanna rahatA hai| vizvavandya 1008 zrI vIra prabhu se merI prArthanA aura manokAmanA hai ki mere priya paMDita jaganmohana lAla ko apane paropakArI kAryoM ke karane meM sadaiva sabuddhi aura sahAyatA prApta hotI rahe / 10

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sUjhabUjha evaM vAkacAturya ke dhanI paMDitajI ke kucha zikSAprada saMsmaraNa DA0 ke0 ela0 jaina, rAyapura samAja meM vidvAnoM ko upekSA evaM avamAnanA paMDita jaganmohana lAla jI zAstrI bhI apane vyAvahArika jIvanakAla meM aneka bAra samAja kI upekSA evaM avamAnanA ke zikAra hue haiM / aisI sthitiyoM meM bhI unakI Azubuddhi evaM caturatA unakI pratiSThA kA hI kAraNa bnii| eka bAra unheM paryuSaNa parva meM pravacanArtha bambaI ke bhUlezvara maMdira kI ora se AmaMtrita kiyA gyaa| jaba paMDita jI vahA~ pahu~ce, to vahA~ ke padAdhikArI ne rAzana-sAmagrI kI kaThinAI dUra karane hetu rAzana kArDa banavAne (asthAyI) ke liye paMDita jI se khAdya evaM ApUrti vibhAga ke kAryAlaya meM calane kA nivedana kiyaa| ve isa sthiti kI kalpanA taka nahIM kara sakate the ki bambaI jaise nagara meM pahale hI dina rAzana kAryAlaya se rAzana kArDa banavAne para hI vahA~ kI samAja se bhojana prApta hogaa| socakara unhoMne padAdhikArI jI kahA, "maiM zuddha bhojana karatA hU~ aura apane pAsa khAdya sAmagrI bhI rakhatA huuN| Apa merI cintA na kreN|" unhoMne tatkAla kaTanI tAra kiyA aura dUsare hI dina unake pAsa paryApta khAdya sAmagrI pahuMca gii| isa tAtkAlika sUjha-bUjha se paMDita jI ke Atmagaurava kI rakSA to huI hI, isake sAtha hI, patA calane para bambaI samAja ke logoM ne uparokta padAdhikArI ko bhI pratADita kiyA aura paMDita jI se kSamAyAcanA kii| sayoga se, unhIM dinoM ahAra kSetra ke do pracAraka vidvAn vahA~ phuNce| paMDita jI ne samAja ke logoM se unake bhojanAdi kI vyavasthA ke liye saMketa diyaa| eka sajjana bole-inakI vyavasthA to hoTala meM karA deNge| paMDita jI ne kahA, "ye paryuSaNa ke dina haiN| phira bhI, una vidvAnoM ko na kevala hoTala meM bhojana hetu bhejA gayA, apitu apane bhojana kA bila bhI unheM hI cukAnA pdd'aa| eka ghaTanA paMDita jI ke adhyayana kAla kI pannA, ma. pra. se saMbaMdhita hai| eka bAra ahiMsA pracAriNI sattA kI ora se paMDita jI paM ramAnAtha jI ke sAtha dharma-pracAra hetu pannA gye| una dinoM vahA~ 10-15 ghara jainoM ke the| ve maMdira meM pravacana bhI karate the| yAtAyAta saMbaMdhI kaThinAI ke kAraNa vahA~ unheM kucha adhika dina rukanA pdd'aa| garmI ke dina the, to pAnI bhI kiMcit kaSTa sAdhya thaa| una dinoM samAja ke kisI bhI vyakti ne ina donoM ko bhojana pAnI taka ke liye nahIM pUchA / ve gur3a-ciroMjI khAkara aura Ama cUsakara apane dina bitAte the| inake nivAsa ke sAmane eka brAhmaNI rahatI thii| usane unase pUchA, "tuma loga kyA khAte-pIte ho? kucha banAte bhI nahIM ho|" paMDita jI ne use sahI sthiti bnaaii| usa dina usane pAnI chAnakara bhojana banAyA aura donoM ko apane ghara bhojana kraayaa| zAma ko vaha brAhmaNI vahA~ ke pramukha jaina ke ghara gaI aura bolI, "tumhArA samAja kaisA hai? tuma paMDitoM aura vidyArthiyoM ko do cAra dina bhojana bhI nahIM karA sakate ?" eka anya avasara para, navayuvaka sabhA, ajamera ke maMtrI ne mahAvIra jayantI ke avasara para paMDita jI ko AmaMtrita kiyaa| paMDita jI vahA~ gaye aura cAra-pAMca dina rhe| vahAM unhoMne sarvadharma sammelana evaM muslima

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9] sUjhabUjha evaM vAkcAturya ke dhanI paNDita jI ke kucha zikSAprada saMsmaraNa 75 dharmagRha meM bhI bhASaNa diyA aura pratiSThA arjita kii| itane dinoM nimaMtraNakartA sajjana ne paMDita jI se na mulAkAta hI kI aura na unakI vyavasthA kI jAnakArI hI kii| jaba paMDita jI lauTane lage, taba unhoMne sonI jI se kahakara nimaMtraNakartA sajjana ko bulvaayaa| unhoMne unheM salAha dI, "bhaviSya meM aisI bhUla mata karanA ki kisI vidvAn ko nimaMtrita karo aura phira use pUcho hI nahIM / " vidvAnoM kI upekSA ke bhI saMbaMdhita haiN| eka aneka anubhava haiM bAra paMDita jI paMDita jI ke smaraNakoza meM isa prakAra svayaM kI aura anya jo choTe sthAnoM ke hI nahIM, damoha, bhopAla jaise samAja- pradhAna nagaroM se kuMDalapura kSetra ke adhyakSa nirvAcita hue| isa para hI akhavArabAjI aura rAjanIti ho gaI / sAmAjika kSetra ke atirikta, sAhityika kSetra meM bhI isa tIrtha kI ora se paMDita jI ko kaDuA ghUMTa pInA par3A hai| dhArmika vRtti ke saMskAra evaM samyak cAritra ne hI unheM prabalita kiyA hai / jaba AmaMtrita vidvAnoM kI yaha sthiti hai, to binA bulAye vidvAnoM ke sAtha hone vAle vyavahAra kI to kalpanA hI kI jA sakatI hai / aise avasaroM para vidvAnoM ko apane svAbhimAna kI rakSA svayaM karanI par3atI hai / / yaha durbhAgya kI bAta hai ki Aja bhI isa sthiti se koI vizeSa parivartana AyA ho, aisA nahIM lagatA / do varSa pUrva mahAvIra jayaMtI ke avasara para jabalapura meM hI eka vidvAn ke sAtha aisA hI huA thA mere sAtha bhI zahaDola meM hI dharma pracAra karane vAloM ne isI prakAra vyavahAra kiyA thaa| samAja ke aneka mukhiyA Aja bhI paMDita ko samAja cAlita pAThazAlA vAlA mAnate haiM aura kahate hai, "paMDita jI kauna hote haiM ?" yahI kAraNa hai ki samAja meM kramaza: paMDita paramparA kA hrAsa huA hai aura naye zAstrajJa bIsavIM sadI ke anusAra vyavahAra karane lage haiM / varNI smRti graMtha, 1974 meM paMDita jI ne likhA thA ki (1) nAstikatA kI vRddhi (2) vidvAnoM ke prati sammAna bhAvanA kA abhAva (3) vetana kI alpatA ( 4 ) paMDitoM se karmacArI jaisA vyavahAra tathA ( 5 ) vyaktigata jaTilatAoM ne isa pravRtti kI gati teja kI hai| samAja ko cAhiye ki vaha isa paramparA ko zruta saMrakSaNa hetu hI sahI, jIvaMta banAye rakhe / dUsare kI pragati meM sAdhaka banane kI pravRtti AdhAra para / paMDita jI se samaya-samaya para huI carcA ke merI aisI dhAraNA banI hai ki ve upAdAna ko hI saba kucha mAnate haiM, nimitta ko vizeSa mahatva nahIM dete parantu maiM kArya saMpAdana meM donoM ko hI barAbara mahatva detA hU~ / isaliye yaha mAnatA hU~ ki upAdAna kI yogyatA ke sAtha-sAtha paMDita jI dvArA aneka prakaraNoM meM dI gaI suvidhA, sahAyatA yA sAdhana ke nimittoM se bhI logoM ne jIvana meM pragita kI hai| apanI saMbhAvita mAnyatA ke bAvajUda bhI unameM parahita nimittatA kI vRtti sadA rahI hai / yahA~ kucha hI prakaraNa diye jA sakate haiM / (a) merI vyaktigata sahAyatA jaba paMDita jI 1953 - 73 ke bIca jaina saMgha ke pradhAnamaMtrI evaM 'sandeza' ke sampAdaka the, taba maiM kucha dinoM taka vyavasthApaka kA kArya karatA thA / maiM kAryAlaya jaldI nipaTA letA thA / merI icchA thI ki maiM 'sAhityAcArya' kI niyamita kakSAyeM par3heM aura apanA bhaviSya sudhArUM / paMDita virodha karane para bhI kAryAlaya kI "yadi saMsthA ke kAma kA nukasAna na ho mujhe isa bAta kA bhI anubhava hai ki jI ne isa hetu mujhe na kevala anumati dI, apitu aneka pracAraka vidvAnoM ke sAikila ke upayoga kI bhI anujJA dii| unhoMne virodhiyoM ko samajhAyA, tathA vyakti kI unnati hotI ho, to bAdhaka na banakara sAdhaka bananA cAhiye / " jaina saMsthAoM ke aneka adhikArI aisI pravRtti ke nahIM pAye jAte /

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76 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa sAmAnyataH paMDita jI kA apane adhInastha kAryakartAoM evaM vidvAnoM ke prati madhura evaM sasammAna vyavahAra rahatA thA / isIliye kAryakartAgaNa aura sahayogI pITha pIche bhI unakI prazaMsA kiyA karate the / unakA yaha prayAsa rahA hai ki kuzAgra buddhi chAtra arthAbhAva ke kAraNa adhyayana se vaMcita na raha pAve / (ba) kSamAdAna se sIkha eka bAra saMgha ke eka pracAraka ne dUragAmI pracArayAtrA ke liye mujhe prathama zreNI ke yAtrAvyaya kA bila diyA aura usane kalpita TikiTa nambara likha diyaa| jAMca karane para mujhe patA calA ki kisI viziSTa dina prathama zreNI kA koI TikiTa hI nahIM bikaa| saMbaMdhita pracAraka ne apanI bhUla svIkAra kii| maiMne paMDita jI se isakI rirpoTa kI, unhoMne pradhAnamaMtrI ke rUpa meM vidvAn ko samajhAyA aura usakI bhUla ko kSamAkara diyaa| isase usakA bhaviSya hI sudhara gayA / (sa) tela cora kI sahAyatA jaba paMDita jI kAzI meM adhyayana karate the, usa samaya vidyAlaya ke chAtrAvAsa meM bijalI nahIM thI / chAtroM ko par3hane ke lie lAlaTena yA DibbI kA tela diyA jAtA thA / una dinoM eka chAtra rAta meM kAphI dera taka par3hate the aura unakA tela unheM pUrA nahIM par3atA thA / ataH ve rAta meM dUsaroM kI lAlaTenoM kA tela corI se nikAla kara apanI DibbI meM DAla kara par3hA karate the / eka rAta aisA karate hue paMDita jI ne unheM dekha liyaa| pUchane para unhoMne saca bAta batA dii| paMDita jI ne usa chAtra se kahA, "Aja tela curAte ho, yahI Adata bana gaI, to Age anya cIjeM bhI curAoge / aisA nahIM karanA cAhiye / " paMDita jI ne yaha bAta apane pitA jI se khiiN| isa chAtra ko AvazyakatAnusAra tela ke lie paise de diyA karo / " kiyA / yaha chAtra bAda meM acche vidvAn bane aura unhoMne eka grantha kI TIkA bhI kI / unhoMne udAratApUrvaka kahA, "tuma apanI ora se paMDita jI ne bAbA jI kI AjJA kA pAlana isI prakAra, eka bAra eka sahayogI vidvAn ke putra ko bhI unhoMne zikSA saMsthA meM azaMkAlika kAma dekara adhika vetana diyA aura sahAyatA kii| isa suvidhA se usa chAtra kA adhyayana niraMtara calatA rahA aura usane jIvana meM acchI pragati kI / eka anya chAtra kaTanI se par3hakara vArANasI gayA / eka bAra vaha paMDita jI ke pAsa AyA aura bolA, "paMDita jI, mere pAsa parIkSAphArma bharane ko paisA nahIM hai / yadi phArma nahIM bhara sakA, to barSa barabAda ho jAyagI / " paMDita jI ne apane jyeSTha putra ko usakI sahAyatA karane kA nirdeza diyaa| bAda meM vaha chAtra ucca adhyayana kara acche pada para pahu~ce / sUjhabUjha evaM caturAI : (a) zahaDola ke nAyaka parivAra meM sulaha paMDita jI ne aneka avasaroM para vyaktigata samasyAoM evaM sAmAjika saMsthAoM kI jaTila paristhitiyoM para apanI caturatA eva sUjhabUjha kA upayoga kara jana-sAmAnya ko prabhAvita kiyA hai / zahaDola ke pratiSThita evaM dhArmika nAyaka parivAra meM baTavAre ko lekara vaimanasya ho gyaa| mAmalA nyAyAlaya meM bhI gyaa| eka bAra paMDita jI eka vedI pratiSThA ke samaya zahaDola Aye / donoM pakSoM ne apanA prakaraNa paMDita jI ko samajhautA karAne hetu sauMpa diyaa| unhoMne bhI apanI yAtrA sthagita kara apanI sUjha-bUjha evaM caturAI se donoM pakSoM meM rAjInAmA karA diyA / ise maiMne hI lipibaddha kiyA thA aura isakI prati mere pAsa aba bhI maujUda hai / isameM paMDita jI ke vyaktitva ne bhI mahAyatA kI / donoM pakSoM ne mAmale uThA liye aura aba samRddha vyApAra kara rahe haiM /

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1] sAdhuvAda Ayojana kA cakravyUha TUTA paMDita jI ke sAdhuvAda Ayojana kI yojanA kI pRSThabhUmi 1980 meM nirmita huI thii| apane anubhavoM ke AdhAra para isakI bAta sunakara ve parezAna se ho jAte, isameM unhoMne kabhI svayaM ruci nahIM dikhAI / isa viSaya meM unake bhakta ne upayogitA, paraMparA pAlana evaM ImAnadArI saMbaMdhI praznacinha bhI prakaTa kiye| unhoMne mujhe likhA thA ki maiM isakA virodhI hU~ evaM jaina saMdeza meM prativAda prakAzita karAnA cAhatA hU~ / paMDita jI ke rukha ko bhA~pa kara yaha yojanA aneka bAra aneka kAraNoM se sthagita hotI rhii| paraMtu jaba yaha carcA samAcAra patroM meM matamatAntaroM kA viSaya banI aura AyojakoM kI sadAzayatA para praznacinha lagane lage, taba eka acche cakravyUha kA nirmANa-sA pratIta hone lagA / vivAda kA pratyuttara saMvAda hI hai / yaha dhyAna meM rakhakara hamAre mitra DA0 jaina jaise dhuna ' ke pakke vyakti ne isa Ayojana hetu saMkalpa liyA aura maiM bhI unake sAtha ho gayA / isake kaI kAraNa the / mujhe unakA yaha tarka bahuta jaMcA ki paNDita jI ke samAna zAstrajJa nemacaMdra sUri, hemacaMdra aura AzAdhara paNDita ke dvArA nirdiSTa gRhasthoM ko apane kartavyoM ko karane meM kaise bAdhaka ho sakate haiM ? isase maiMne sujhAva diyA ki zAstrIya nirdezoM ke aMtargata Ane vAle karttavyoM ke prati Apa taTastha raheM / Akhira, isake bAvajUda bhI DA0 dharmaM sAgara jI kA abhinaMdana grantha prakAzita huA hI hai| yahI nahIM, A0 dezabhUSaNa jI kA 'AsthA evaM cintana' se unake AzIrvacana sahita lokArpita huA hai aura aba AcArya zrI vimala sAgara jI ke yajJa kI taiyArI cala rahI hai / mujhe lagatA hai ki pUjya paMDita jI ko merA nivedana ja~cA apanA kara cakravyUha ko tor3ane jaisA mahAn preraNAdAyI kArya kiyA / bhI ATha varSa ke prayatna liye aise hI sAhityika aura unhoMne taTastha rukha sUjhabUjha evaM vAkcAturya ke dhanI paNDita jI ke kucha zikSAprada smaraNa 77 sahayoga kA abhAva kArya meM utanA bAdhaka nahIM hotA, jitanA usakA virodha / paNDita jI ne apane mauna bhAva se AyojakoM kI sabhI bAdhAyeM dUra kI ora unakA zakti-saMcaya bar3hAyA / sarvadharma sammelana evaM daragAha zarIpha, ajamera meM pravacana, 1950 mahAvIra jayaMtI, 1950 ke avasara para paMDita jI ajamera nimaMtrita the / usa avasara para eka sarvadharma sammelana Ayojita kiyA gayA thA / isameM lagabhaga 5000 loga upasthita the / vaktA ko dUsare ke dharma para AkSepa na karate hue bhASaNa kI zarta thii| para vaidika pratinidhi ne jaina dharma ko nAstika kaha hI diyaa| paMDita jI to anekAntI tthhre| unhoMne kahA "yadi maiM ApakA veda nahIM mAnatA, isaliye nAstika hU~, to Apa bhI muslimoM kA kurAna, IsAiyoM kI bAibila aura jainoM kA mokSazAstra nahIM mAnate, isaliye Apa bhI hama saba logoM kI dRSTi se nAstika hai / " paMDita jI ne astitva kA vyutpatti-labdha artha batAyA ki astitva meM vizvAsa karane vAlA Astika kahalAtA hai / kisakA astitva ? apanA AtmA kA paramAtmA kA punarjanma, paraloka aura karmaphala kA kisI kA bhI astitva vizvAsI Astika hai / yahA~ vaiThe sabhI loga Astika haiM kyoMki ve inameM se kisI na kisI ke astitva meM AsthAvAn haiM / paMDita jI ke isa vAkcAturya ne sabhI zrotAoM ko maMtramugdha kara diyA / vaktAgaNa to prabhAvita hue hI, para vahA~ kI daragAha zarIpha ke maulavI sAhaba atyaMta prabhAvita hue / unhoMne paMDita jI se daragAha zarIpha para pravacana hetu nivedana kiyA / unhoMne kahA, "subaha Apa hamAre maMdira Aiye / phira zAma maiM Apake yahA~ calU~gA / " subaha maulavI sAhaba jaina maMdira pahu~ce, pUrNa zuddhatA aura vinaya ke sAtha pravacana meM baiThe / karmaNA jaina ke vizvAsI paMDita jI ko 'janmanA jainoM' kI najaroM meM bhaTakAva dikhA, unhoMne molavI sAhaba ko apane bagala meM baiThane kA nivedana kara liyA aura phira zAnta vAtAvaraNa meM rAjA zreNika dvArA yazodhara muni ke gale meM sarpa DAlane kI kathA sunAI /

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78 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa maulavI sAhaba yaha sunakara cakita raha gaye ki muni jI ne AMkheM kholate hI rAnI celanA aura zreNika donoM ko dharmavRddhi kA AzIrvAda diyA evaM samabhAva prakaTa kiyaa| maulavI sAhaba ko jijJAsA huI ki koI bhI vyakti apane virodhI para samadRSTi kaise ho sakatA hai ? unheM jaina sAdhu ke darzana kI abhilASA bhI huii| sara seTha sonI jI kI anumatipUrvaka paMDita jI apane vAkcAturya se 400 zrAvakoM ke sAtha daragAha zarIpha para bhASaNa karane gye| vahAM 4-5 hajAra jana-samudAya maujUda thA / Apane 40 minaTa ke bhASaNa meM zrotAoM meM rASTrIyatA, ekatA, bhAIcArA tathA ahiMsA ke pAlana kI vyAkhyA se eka nayA jAgRti maMtra phUMka diyaa| Apane muslima bhAiyoM ko atithi batAyA aura unake khudA kI ibAdata karate hue kahA ki jaba khudA ne hameM aura jAnavaroM ko- sabhI ko, duniyA ko banAyA hai, khudA kI banAI duniyA kI vastuoM ko tor3e, to kaisA lagegA ? ahiMsA hI hameM mAIcArA sikhAtI hai / hameM eka dUsare se mela-milApa karanA batAtI hai| sabhI dharmoM meM yahI sikhAyA gayA hai / isa taraha dharmaM vizeSa kA nAma liye binA sabhI dharmoM ke mUla siddhAnta kI prabhAvaka carcA ajamera meM kAphI samaya taka calI | isa vyAkhyAna ko ajamera ke sabhI patroM, AjAda, navajyoti, amara bhArata tathA daravAra ajamera ne mukhapRSTha para prakAzita kiyA / yaha ghaTanA paMDita jI kI vyAkhyAna - kalA evaM viSaya prastAva kI prabhAvI vidhi kA nirUpaNa 1 sanmati sandeza ke 'rAma' aura paMDita jI kI sUjhabUjha varSa 1957-58 kI bAta hai jaba kSu0 sahajAnaMda varNI kI varada chatrachAyA meM 'sanmati sandeza' mAsika jabalapura se prakAzita hotA thA / usameM bhagavAn rAma ke saMbaMdha meM eka lekha prakAzita huA / yaha jaina rAmAyaNa para AdhArita thA / pArasparika mata pratispardhA ne isa lekha ko sAMpradAyika rUpa de diyA / basa kyA thA, jainetara saMpradAya ke logoM ne jaina borDiMga ke jaina maMdira kI choTI-bar3I mUrtiyoM ko khaMDita kara diyA / kucha bar3I mUrtiyA~ to isa prakAra tor3I gaI thI ki jainetara loga bhI duHkhI hue| kucha hI samaya meM isa ghaTanA ne vikarAla rUpa liyA aura jainoM ke sAtha durvyavahAra, mArapITa, dUkAnoM kI lUTapATa evaM kSatikaraNa ke kArya kiye gaye / sarakAra se guhAra karane para usane zrI gamana lAla vAgaDI va suzrI rUparAnI ko uttejanA zAnta karane evaM sauhArda sthApita karane ke liye jabalapura bhejaa| jaina samAja, jabalapura kI ora se aneka tarka-vitarkoM ke bAda paMDita jI ko pratinidhi banAyA gayA / zAsana ke pratinidhi ke rUpa meM zrI mizrI lAla jI gaMgavAla ne sujhAva diyA, "ghaTanA to ghaTa hI gaI hai| aba ina mUrtiyoM ko sirA denA cAhiye aura aise upAya karanA cAhiye ki bhaviSya meM aisI ghaTanAoM kI punarAvRtti na ho / " citra prakAzita hue the aura samUce deza kA jaina zAsana ke pratinidhiyoM se kahA, "hama Apake liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki zAsana eka janasabhA hameM koI Apatti usa samaya 'dharmayuga' patrikA meM khaMDita mUrtiyoM ke samAja kSubdha thA / isa kSetra ko zAnta karane ke lie paMDita jI ne sujhAva kA Adara karate haiM / para samAja ke kSobha ko zAnta karane ke dvArA aisI ghaTanA ke liye kheda prakaTa kare evaM AzvAsana de / isake bAda mUrtiyoM ko sirAne meM nahIM hogI / " aneka prakAra ke matoM ko sunane ke bAda yukti se kAma liyA gayA aura sabhI saMpradAya evaM pArTiyoM ke sahayoga se janasabhA Ayojita huI aura usameM jaina samAja ke prati hue durvyavahAra evaM unakI mUrtiyoM ke prati kiye gaye asammAna ko anucita batAte hue bhaviSya ke liye surakSA kA AzvAsana diyA gyaa| isa avasara para paMDita jI ne bar3A mArmika bhASaNa diyA /

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sUjhabUjha evaM vAkcAturya ke dhanI paNDita jI ke kucha zikSAprada saMsmaraNa 79 . . unhoMne kahA, "hindU riSabhadeva ko avatAra mAna kara pUjate haiN| hama unheM bhagavAn mAna kara pUjate haiM / ve rAma ko avatAra mAna kara pUjate haiM, hama bhI unheM siddha mAnakara pUjate haiM / patrikA ke lekha meM rAma ko siddha mAna kara hamane unheM pUjya hI mAnA hai, unakA koI anAdara to nahIM kiyA hai| mokSagAmI mAna kara bhI pUjya hI mAnA hai| isameM kyA gAlI dI? isa prakAra riSabha aura rAma meM pUjyatA kI dRSTi se koI aMtara nahIM hai / phalataH jisane bhI riSabha kI mUrti khaMDita kI hai, usane rAma kI mUrti to pahale hI khaMDita kara lii| hama apane NamokAra maMtra meM siddha ke rUpa meM rAma ko pratidina namaskAra karate haiM / aisI sthiti meM kyA mUrti khaMDana vivekapUrNa mAnA jA sakatA hai ? zrI magana lAla vAgaDI ne bhI kahA ki unhoMne vaha lekha par3hA hai jo mUrti-khaMDana kAMDa kI jar3a hai| usameM koI bhI anucita bAta nahIM hai / maiM kaha sakatA hU~ ki jainoM ke sAtha anyAya huaa| jana sabhA ke bAda paMDita jI ne nirNaya liyA ki khaMDita mUrtiyoM ko dUsare dina zobhAyAtrA sahita narmadA meM vijita kiyA jaave| isake liye niHzulka vasoM kI vyavasthA kI gaI aura visarjana hetu lagabhaga 5000 jainAjaina janatA ekatra hii| isa avasara parama0 pra0 ke tatkAlIna mukhyamaMtrI DA0 kATajU, zrI mizrI lAla jI gaMgavAla tathA jabalapura saMbhAga ke kamiznara bhI maujUda the| visarjana samAroha zAstrokta vidhi se garimAmaya vAtAvaraNa meM saMpanna huaa| isa samAroha ke avasara para yaha AvAja bhI AI ki isake liye muhUrta zodhanA cAhiye / paMDita jI ne vAkcAturya se kahA, "janma aura vivAha ke muhUrta dekhe Ate haiM / maraNa kA muhUrta nahIM dekhA jaataa| jaba pratiSThita mUrtiyAM khaMDita ho gaI, to muhUrta kA mahatva hI kyA rahA ?' yaha ghaTanA paMDita jI kI tatkAla buddhi evaM vAkcAturya kI ajIba misAla hai|

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morenA ke mere Adara pAtra aura mArgadarzaka DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina baMbaI morenA jaina vidyAlaya kabhI eka zAna thii| mujhe bhI kucha samaya vahAM adhyayana karane kA avasara milA hai| mere jaise naye vidyArthI kA dhyAna eka bAta kI ora bArabAra jAtA vaha thI jaganmohana lAla jI aura kailAzacaMdra jI kI jodd'ii| jaba dekho, taba eka sAtha / eka sAtha rahate, eka sAtha par3hate, sAtha hI snAna karane jAte, sAtha-sAtha deva darzana ke lie maMdira jAte, eka sAtha bhojanAlaya meM bhojana karate aura sAyaMkAlIna bhramaNa meM bhI sAtha-sAtha rahate / lagatA thA eka AtmA do zarIroM meM vidyamAna hai| hama loga bar3e gaurava ke sAtha unakI pravRttiyA~ dekhate aura mana hI mana garva kA anubhava karate-vidyAlaya ke variSTha vidyArthI jo ve the| zAyada hI unase bAtacIta karane kA kabhI zubha avasara milA ho| aura to aura, sAmane A jAne para 'abhivAdana' karane kI bhI himmata kabhI nahIM huii| eka bAra garmI kI chuTTiyoM meM maiM najIbAbAda gayA huA thaa| dekhatA kyA hUM ki donoM snehI mitra choTe tAMge para savAra hue cale A rahe haiM / lekina kyA Apa samajhate haiM ki maiMne unase milane kI yA hAtha jor3akara abhivAdana karane kI himAkata kI ? nahIM, bilakula nahIM / maiM eka ora ko khisaka gayA jisase ve mujhe dekhakara pahacAna na skeN| variSTha chAtra jo ve the| mere Adara ke pAtra / __ yaha jAnakara dukha hotA hai ki Ajakala morenA-jaise aneka purAne jaina vidyAlayoM kI garimA kSINa ho gaI hai| vastutaH purAtana aura nUtana ke bIca honevAle saMgharSa meM hama burI taraha phasa gaye haiN| yuvakoM ko mArgadarzana kI AvazyakatA hai| arthakarI vidyA kI vyAvahArikatA ke Age dharmazAstra kI mahattA siddha karane kI AvazyakatA hai / yaha prasannatA kI bAta hai ki morenA vidyAlaya meM par3ha paDita jI ne jaina samAja meM pratiSThita evaM viziSTa Adara kA sthAna banA liyA hai| ve nayI pIr3hI kA mArga darzana kareM, yahI kAmanA hai|

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khaNDa 1 paNDita paramparA aura paNDitajI (sa) paNDitajI kRtitva evaM samIkSaNa

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adhyAtma amRta-kalaza : eka samIkSA Astro harIMdra bhUSaNa jaina nidezaka, anekAMta zodhapITha, bAhubalI-ujjaina (ma0 pra0) jainoM meM kuMdakuMda ke prAbhRtatraya kI mAnyatA pichale eka hajAra varSoM se avicchinna banI huI hai / isameM bhI samayasAra kA mahattva sarvAdhika hai / yadyapi yaha grantha mukhyatayA yati aura munijanoM ko zubha evaM zuddha upayoga ke prati preraNArtha nibaddha hai phira bhI isameM jJAnI ke samAna ajJAnI bhI ajJAna vimUDhAtA, jJAnamaya praNAdhyana ke anusAra jJAnabhAva ke uccatama stara ko prApta karane ke liye prerita kiye gaye haiM / isa grantha para AzAcandra, jayasena, zubhacandra, rAjamala, banArasIdAsa, gaNeza prasAda varNI Adi kI TIkAyeM isakI mahattA aura lokapriyatA vyakta karatI haiN| paMDita jI ke anusAra (i) gurujanoM dvArA jAgRta ruci, (ii) indaura meM do bAra paryUSaNavAcanA ke samaya jijJAsuoM ke zaMkA-samAdhAnoM ke prakAzana kA tIvra Agraha evaM (iii) svAMta: sukhI Atmaprabodha ke pariprekSya meM amRtacaMdra ke samayasAra ke padyabaddha 'amRta kalazoM' para unhoMne vistRta TIkA likhI aura usakA nAma 'adhyAtma amRta kalaza' rakhA / anya TIkAoM kI tulanA meM jijJAsuoM ke hitArtha 477 praznoM kA AdhyAtmika evaM Agamika dRSTi se kiyA gayA samAdhAna isa graMtha kA hArda evaM vaiziSTya hai / adhyAtma amRta kalaza 1927 semI0 ke 409 pRSThoM meM nibaddha hai| prastAvanA, prAkkathana Adi ke 70 pRSTha isake atirikta haiM / isakA prathama prakAzana 1977 meM zrI caMdraprabha digaMbara jaina maMdira, kaTanI se huA / isakI dvitIyAvRtti 1981 meM AI aura aba tRtIyAvRtti mudraNa meM gaI hai| isase isa graMtha kI lokapriyatA jJAta hotI hai / isa prakAzana saMsthA ke sarvasva zrI dhanyakumAra siMghaI ne saMsthAparicaya meM isa bAta para bala diyA hai ki jina maMdira kA dravya kevala maMdira-mUrti nirmANa meM hI vyaya na Upara bhI vyaya kiyA jAnA caahiye| yaha jinavANI prasAra ke lie preraka prakriyA hai / ( isI maMdira se abhI kumAra kavi racita 'Atmaprabodha' bhI paMDitajI ke bhASAnvayArtha sahita prakAzita huA hai / ) paMDitajI ke ananya sahAdhyAyI sva0 paM0 kailAzacaMdrajI zAstrI ke 'prAkkathana' evaM paM0 phUlacaMdrajI zAstrI ke 'jinazAsana' zIrSaka vaktavyoM se tathA upAdhyAya zrI vidyAnaMdajI evaM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke nirdezAnugrahoM se isa graMtha kI AgamAvirodhitA tathA prAmANikatA puSTa hotI hai / kara jinavANI ke graMtha kI prastAvanA isa TIkA graMtha kI prastAvanA meM TIkAkAra paMDitajI ne prAmANika sAkSyoM dvArA amRtakalazakAra amRtacandra ko nadisaMdhI AcArya yathAjAtarUpa nirguNatA ke poSI evaM zuddhAmnAyI pramANita kiyA hai aura unakA samaya 905 - 996 I0 nirNIta kiyA hai| isake atirikta paMDitajI ne amRtacandra aura jayasena dvArA kI gaI 'samayasAra ' TIkAoM meM pAI jAne vAlI bhASA-saMkhyAoM ke antara sambandhI DA0 upAdhye kI vyAkhyA ko Alokita karate hue spaSTa mata diyA hai ki inameM adhikAMza gAthAyeM kSepaka haiM mUla nahIM / unhoMne yaha bhI uddhRta kiyA hai ki balabhadrajI ne apane samayasAra -saMpAdana ke samaya paiMtIsa tAr3apatrIya pratiyoM meM se ajamera va mUr3aviDI kI prAcIna pratiyoM meM amRtacandra ke anurUpa hI gAthAyeM paaiiN| samayasAra para bhAvI lekhakoM ko yaha tathya dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye / sAtha hI unheM prAcIna AcAryoM kI kRtiyoM ke antaH - parIkSaNa evaM samIkSaNa ke bAda hI unakI yathArthatA kA pratipAdana karanA cAhiye / ina matoM se aneka bhrAMtiyA~ nirasta huI haiM / prastAvanA ke dUsare aMza meM ATha aise granthAMtagati prakaraNoM kA saMkSepaNa kiyA hai jo vartamAna yuga meM carcA ke viSaya bane hue haiN| inameM se nimna carcAyeM mahatvapUrNa haiM : (i) paMDitajI ne yaha spaSTa batAyA hai ki Arambhika aura AdhyAtmika nirUpaNa dRSTiyoM meM mAtra AbhAsI virodha hai / yaha nayadRSTi se sAmaMjasya aura avirodha kA rUpa letA hai / eka ora jahA~ adhyAtma mArga

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84 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa zuddhopayogI hai, vahIM Agama-mArga zuddhopayoga ko bhI mahatva detA hai kyoMki yahI zuddhopayoga kA mArga hai| adhyAtmadRSTi sAkSAt sAdhana ko hI sAdhana mAnatI hai jaba ki Agamika dRSTi ise to svIkAra karatI hI hai, anya bimittoM ko bhI sAdhana mAnatI hai / Agamika dRSTi paryApta vyApaka hai eyaM sarvajana hitAya hai / eka dRSTi siddhAnta hai, to dUsarI siddhAnta taka pahu~cAne kA mArga hai / isI AdhAra para vratAdi kI upayogitA kA paMDitajI ne pUrI taraha samarthana kiyA hai| (ii) paMDita jI dhAvaka ko, ajJAnI ko bhI samayasAra--jaise siddhAMta granthoM ke adhyayana-manana kA adhikArI mAnate haiM aura, saMbhavataH padmanaMdi ke 'tat prati prIticittena nizcataM bhavet bhavyo' ke mata ke samarthaka hai| dvAdazAnaprekSA meM uttama, madhyama aura jaghanya pAtroM kA nirUpaNa bhI isI mata kA poSaka hai| isa prakaraNa meM yadi kicit Anubhavika, bauddhika yA manana-stara kI koTi kA nirUpaNa bhI, zAstrIya bhASA ke sAtha hotA, to adhika upayukta hotaa| (ii) kuMdakuMda bar3e vaijJAnika the| unakA kathana hai ki jIvana ke zuddhatattva ko svAnubhUti, svasaMvedana pratyakSa se hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| use mere kahane se svIkAra na kreN| paMDita jI ne pAyA hai ki amRtacaMdra ne apane kalazoM meM lagabhaga do darjana sthaloM para adhyAtma-vidyA kI svAnubhavitA kA ullekha kiyA hai| vaijJAnika bAhyajagat ke liye prayoga-siddhatA ko mahatva detA hai to AdhyAtmika antarjagat ke liye antaHprayogoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| paMDitajI ne dravya evaM paryAyagata zuddhatA kI carcA kara amRtacandra ke AbhAsI birodhI kathanoM (pravacanasAra 237, 254) kA acchA samAdhAna kiyA hai| (vi) paMDita jI ne caturtha guNasthAnI avirata samyagdRSTi ko pramANopeta tarkoM ke dvArA samyaka cAritrI batAyA hai, para saMyamAcaraNI nhiiN| vaha saMyamAcaraNI anantAnubaMdhI ke atirikta anya kaSAyoM ke abhAva meM hI ho sakatA hai / isakA artha yaha hai ki saMyamAcaraNa cAritra kA stara uccatara hotA hai| (v) paMDita jI ne matizruta jJAniyoM ke Atma-pratyakSa saMbaMdhI carcA meM matijJAna ke svasaMvedana-rUpa pAla ke saMbaMdha meM aneka AcAryoM ko mata dekara apanI gambhIra evaM tulanAtmaka adhyayanazIlatA kA paricaya diyA hai| unhoMne paMcAdhyAyI ke anusAra, matijJAna ke svAnubhUtyAvaraNa-bheda ke kSayopazama meM Atma-pratyakSatva kA samarthana kiyA hai / inakI parokSatA para-padArtha jJAna meM hI hai / graMtha meM vaNita kucha zaMkA-samAdhAna __ zaMkA-samAdhAna 'AtmaprabodhinI' TIkA kA hArda hai| yaha paMDita jI kI nizcaya-pradhAna vyavahAronmukhI bauddhikatA ko prakaTa karatI hai| yaha unakI bahuzrutajJatA, hastAvalaMba siddhAMtajJatA, tarkazakti evaM tatkAmI buddhi kA bhI AbhAsa detI hai| unhoMne maMgalAcaraNa, tIrthaGkara kI stuti, zarIrAdhArita jinavANI mUrti kI vyavahAranayAtmaka upAdeyatA evaM bhASA-rUpakatA, kevalI kI jar3avANI kI zubhakArya nimittatAjanita upayogitA, jIva ke liye prathama hastAvalaMba evaM vibhAva varNanAtmaka rUpa meM vyavahAranaya kI samyaktvatA, panihArina aura nRtyAMganA ke udAharaNa ke dvArA satyaasatyArtha ke heyo-pAdeyarUpa artha kA pratibodhana, AdhyAtmika dRSTi se putra-mitrAdi yA mahApuruSoM kI jayaMtiyoM ko avatI dazA kA mAnakara aviveka rUpa meM svIkRti evaM dIkSA divasa yA tIrthaGkara kalyANakoM ko samyag darzana ke preraka ke rUpa meM manAne kI svIkRti, vartamAna saMsArI jIva kI vibhAva paryAyatA ke bhedajJAna kI sodAharaNa prarUpaNA, pravacana kI anaikAnikatA, dravya aura bhAvakarma ke jar3a honepara bhI unakI jIva ke sAtha anubhAga-zakti saMyogajadita nimittanaimittikatA, rAgAdi vikAroM ke astitva evaM satyatva ke tathya ko gauNa mAnakara zuddhanaya kI ora pravRtti-preraNA, svabhAva-vibhAvoM kA anyonya sambandha, zuddha jIva kI avabodhanatA, dravya kI kAlikatA evaM paryAya kI tatkAlatA ke

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adhyAtma amRta-kalaza : eka samIkSA 85 kAraNa satyAsAmArthatA, saMzaya-viparyaya anadhyavasAya ke abhAva se vyavahAra naya kI samyagnayatA evaM sApekSa satyatA, vyavahAra cAriya kI zubhopayogitA, mokSamArga nimittatA evaM puNya baMdhakatA, jIva kI karmAdhArita saMsaraNazIlatA kI ayathArthatA evaM vyavahAratA, dravyAbhAva pUjA kA anukaraNa, Adara, tadguNalabdhibhAvanA, rAga-tyAga vRtti ke vapana, zubhabhAvavRddhise raNa Adi lakSyoM ke kAraNa mahatI upayogitA, kSetrapAla zAsana devatA Adi kI pUjA kI anAgamikatA evaM mithyAtvatA, jIva kI sAdhya-sAdhakatA evaM vyavahAra tathA yathArtha jIvatA, vyavahAra aura nizcayanaya kI apekSA jIva kI unnIsa prakAra kI vividharUpatA, hetu-prakRti, anubhAga evaM Azraya kI apekSA, jAti evaM AcAragata zubhAzubha karma kI vyavahAranayika vyAkhyA, mithyAbodhArtha AgamajJAna tathA bAhya cAritra kI dravyaligitA evaM bhAvAnucArI phalapradattA, jJAna kI pariNAmana kriyatA, zubhopayoga kI puNyabaMdhakatA evaM mokSamArga-akAraNatA, dravya-paryAyojaya zuddhatA evaM azuddhatA kI apekSA saMsArI aura mukta kI paribhASA, jJAna kI hI mokSakAraNatA, jJAnAbhAva ke badale vikArI jJAna kI ajJAnatA, saMnyAsa aura sallekhanA kI ekArthakatA, jJAnI kI abaMdhakatA kI rAgAzikatA ke AdhAra para vyAkhyA, saMyama kI puNyabaMdhakAraNatA, kevalI kI nirmohatA kA nirdayatA pariharaNa, cittavRtti ko sthira rakhane kI prakriyA kI puruSArthatA, heya para rAgAtmakatA kA abhAva, rAgAdibhAboM meM jIva kI upAmAna kAraNatA, dravyakarma kI bhAvakarma ke prati upAdAna kAraNatA, nimitta aura upAdAna kAraNoM kI bahiraMga evaM aMtaraMga kAraNatA evaM yogyatA vyavahAra aura nidyayanaya kI para evaM mUla sApekSatA, upayogitA evaM svAzraya paryAyarUpaheyopAdeyarUpa-satyAsatyarUpatA jaise aneka viSayoM para apane spaSTa vicAra vyakta kiye haiN| bhASAtmaka vivecana paMDita jI ne kalazoM ke zAstrIya evaM sUkSma saiddhAntika matoM kI prasthApanAoM ko sahaja evaM bodhagamya bhASA kA veza dekara jana-sAmAnya ko upakRta kiyA hai| unakI bhASA meM aneka buMdelakhaMDI zabda aura muhAvare pAye jAte haiM jisase bhASA kA mAdhurya bhI ojasvitA le letA hai| sthAna-sthAna para unhoMne aneka alaMkAroM kA upayoga kiyA hai aura bhASA meM camatkArikatA utpanna kI hai| kuMdakuMda ke jaTila AdhyAtmika viSayoM kI praznosarI meM bhASA kI saralatA jitanI mahatvapUrNa hai, utanA hI vyAkhyA meM laukika udAharaNoM kA prayoga bhI viSaya vastu ke arthAvabodha ke liye mahanIya hai| paMDita jI ne laukika jIvana ke dainaMdinI udAharaNa dekara arthabodha ko sugama banAyA hai| unhoMne udAharaNoM meM jala-dugdha, svarNa-patthara, dUdha-zakkara, panihArina, nRtyAMganA, lAla-zveta vastra, dharmazAlA, sUryaprakAza, ghI kA ghar3A, darpaNa meM pratibiMba, ghara aura par3osI, gehU~ kA paudhA aura gehU~, vyavahAra aura paramArtha, naze meM gur3a aura miTTI kA bhakSaNa, dukAna aura munIma, dukAnadAra aura grAhaka, viSamAraka auSadhi, pyAsA aura gaMdalA pAnI, haldI aura cUne ke mizraNa kI raktavarNatA evaM upayogavRtti kI anyakttA para anubhUti ke aneka udAharaNa diye haiN| kucha mahatvapUrNa carcAoM ke niSkarSa amRta-kalaza kuMdakuMda ke mukhyata: vizvaSonmukhI pratipAdana para AdhArita hai lekina isameM vyAvahArika jIvana kI carcAoM kI upekSA nahIM kI gaI hai| yaha spaSTa batAyA gayA hai ki puNya-pApa, heya-upAdeya, baMdha-abaMdha, zubhazuddha Adi kI sUkSma-carcAoM meM hamAre sAMsArika jIvana kI jo bhI dayanIya sthiti ho, para upAdAna yogyatA ko pratiphalita karane meM nimitta vyavahAra kI anadekhI nahIM kI jA sktii| vastuta: nimitta aura upAdAna athavA nizcaya vyavahAra kI carcA vastu-jJAna kI sUkSmatA evaM tIkSNatA kI pratIka hai, inakI upayogitA ke vilopana kI nhiiN| apane-apane kSetra meM donoM kI satyatA hai, para kuMdakuMda vyavahAra mArga ko nizvayamArga kA mAdhyama mAnakara ise kucha uccatara yA pramukha dhyeya mAnate haiN| isa AdhAra para hI paMDita jI ne praznottarI meM aneka viSaya para Adhunika dRSTi se apanA mata prastuta kiyA hai inameM se kucha nimna haiM :

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86 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa (1) pUjA evaM vAhya yA vyavahAra caritra ke pAlana kA mahatva / (2) kore zAstrajJAnI ke jJAnI na hone kI vyaakhyaa| (3) sadguru saMgati evaM tatvajJAna kA jIvana meM upayoga / (4) jar3a evaM ajJAnI meM mUchita caitanya ke kAraNa aMtara / (5) samyaktva ke ATha aMgoM kI Adhunika vyAkhyA / (6) munisevAdi kAryoM kI vyavahAraparaka upayogitA kA samarthana / (7) prabhAvanA ke aMgoM ke rUpa meM dhArmika mahotsavoM ke atirikta Adhunika prakAra ke vidyA, AjIvikA, AvAsa Adi dharma avirodhI evaM dharma-aghAtI dAnoM kA samarthana / (8) vyavahAra-cAritra ke abhAva meM nizcaya cAritra kA abhAva / (9) ahiMsaka mAdhyama kI AjIvikA kI graahytaa| (10) samadRSTitA kI rAga-baMdha-abaMdhakatA ke AdhAra para mArmika vyaakhyaa| (11) kevala jJAna yA mAnane se kucha nahIM hotA jo mAnane ke anusAra calatA hai, vahI mukta hotA hai / (12) jJAna nahIM, apitu jJeyoM ke prati rAga kI baMdhakatA kI prajJApatA / (13) pazu-pakSiyoM kI aparigrahajanya sAdhutA ke abhAva kI vyAkhyA / vyavahAra aura nizcaya kI bhUla-bhulaiyA meM sAmAnyajana naya-vivakSA kA dRSTikoNa jJAnavardhaka hone para bhI sAmAnya jana ko aneka avasaroM para bhUla-bhulaiyA evaM anirNaya kI sthiti meM DAla detA hai| isa TIkA meM bhI aise aneka prakaraNa haiM jo isa tathya ko paripuSTa karate haiN| udAharaNArtha, nimna praznottara dekhiye : prazna : Apa sabhI ko sahI kaha dete haiN| kyA galata kucha hotA hI nahIM ? uttara : hA~, galata kucha hotA hI nahIM hai / dRSTibheda se hI galata aura sahI kahA jAtA hai| isa AdhAra para rassI ko sAMpa, kA~ca ko maNi, zukti-rajata Adi ke samAna bhramajJAna evaM bhrama kI bhramavAdI kI svadaSTi se satyatA siddha kI hai| isI prakAra vyavahAra evaM nizcaya ke satyAsatya nirNaya meM daSTibheda kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| jIva ke kartRtva-bhoktRtva ke viSaya meM karma kI nimittatA kA vyAvahArika daSTikoNa upAdAna paddhati se gauNa ho jAtA hai| vastutaH upAdAna kI carcA sAmAnya jana ke liye kiMcita duruha-sI pratIta hotI hai| rAgAdi pravRttiyoM kI pudgalAtmakatA kI ajJAnarUpa meM vyAkhyA tathA unheM azuddha jIvopAdAna kI mAnyatA Adi ke samAna praznottariyA~ eka nizcit bauddhika stara kI apekSA rakhatI haiN| isa stara kI upalabdhi jJAnAvaraNa karma ke vizeSa kSaropazama se hI saMbhava hai| isake abhAva meM hI bhUtakAla meM kuMdakuMda eka hajAra varSa taka ajJAta rahe aura aba isa yuga meM bheda-vijJAna ke kAraNa banate pratIta hote haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jJAnAnaMda svabhAva aura bheda-vijJAna kI sahI vyAkhyA vyAvahArika jagata ke liye bodhagamya nahIM ho pA rahI hai| paMDita jI ne 'adhyAtma amRta-kalaza' meM isakI yuktisaMgatatA evaM sahaja bodhagamyatA ke liye durdhara prayAsa kiyA hai| mujhe vizvAsa hai ki isa grantha ke rucipUrvaka adhyayana se nizcaya aura vyavahAra yA nimitta-upAdAna saMbaMdhI mAnyatAoM ke saMbaMdha meM a ho sakeMgI / aMta meM paMDita jI kA nimna sAra mananIya hai "yadi baMdhana svIkAra karanA hai, to zubha baMdhana svIkAra kriye| zubha pariNAma kariye / yadi baMdhana svIkAra nahIM hai, to Apa zubha-azubha rAga meM vItarAga bhAva svIkAra kriye| kyoMki donoM prakAra ke pariNAma baMdhana ke hetu hone se aparAdha haiN|"

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zrAvaka dharmapradIpa TIkA : eka samIkSA zrI rAjendra Ara0 vI0 jabalapura (ma0pra0) zrAvaka dharma pradIpa: eka paricaya karnATaka meM janame rAmacaMdra ne AcArya zAntisAgara jI se kSullaka evaM munipada meM dIkSita hokara kramazaH pArzvakIti aura 108 kunthusAgara nAma pAyA / apanI adhyayanazIlatA evaM ojapUrNa vANI se Apa AdhyAtmika evaM dhArmika dRSTi se atyanta hI lokapriya evaM Adarza sAdhu bane / Apane apanI caryA ke daurAna aneka (lagabhaga 30) grantha likhe| inameM saMskRta meM likhita zrAvaka dharmapradIpa bhI eka hai| paM0 kailAzacaMdra jI zAstrI ke anusAra, isa grantha meM zrAvakAcAra kA varNana jinasenAcArya kI paddhati para kiyA gayA hai jisameM zrAvakoM ko pAkSika, naitika evaM sAdhaka kI koTi meM sarvaprathama vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha meM pAMca adhyAyoM ke 211 zlokoM ke mAdhyama se zrAvakoM kI tInoM koTiyoM (pAkSika eka adhyAya, naiSThika cAra adhyAya) kA varNana kiyA hai| isake zlokoM meM anuSTupa, indrabajrA, upajAti, aura vasantatilakA chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| bhASA ati sarala aura prabhAvakArI hai| isameM kucha pUrvAcAryoM ke samAna sallekhanA ko 12 vratoM meM sammilita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| bIsavIM sadI kI dRSTi se yaha grantha atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM kucha navIna bAteM bhI AI haiM / 'vizva meM sukha-zAnti kA kAraNa duSTa kA nigraha aura sajjana kA saMrakSaNa hai' spaSTa hI dvitIya vizva yuddha ke prabhAva kA pratIka hai| sUtaka-carcA bhI zrAvakAcAra granthoM meM to naI hI hai| AcAryazrI kA aura paMDita jI kA kaTanI se hI pragAr3ha paricaya rahA hai / ve unase prabhAvita bhI rahe haiN| unake darzanArtha 1943 meM paMDita jI iMdaura se bAsavAr3A gye| kucha dina rahane ke bAda jaba paMDita jI lauTate samaya puNyAzIrvAda lene gaye, taba AcAryazrI ne unheM 'zrAvaka dharmapradIpa' kI prati dete hue usakI hindI va saMskRta TIkA hetu Adeza diyaa| paMDita jI ne ise saharSa svIkAra kiyA aura yaha bhI socA ki isa kArya se ve apane pUjya pitAjI ke usa apUrita Adeza kA bhI parokSataH pAlana kara sakeMge jo ve DhUMDhArI bhASA kI kaThinAI ke kAraNa nahIM kara sake the| yaha to sujJAta nahIM hai ki isa grantha kI saMskRta aura hindI TIkA karane meM paMDita jI ko kitamA samaya lagA, para grantha kA prathama saMskaraNa 'varNI granthamAlA' se saMbhavataH 1955 meM prakAzita huA thaa| san 1980 meM isakA dvitIya saMskaraNa prakAzita huA hai| saMskRta evaM hindI TIkA kI vizeSatAyeM grantha ke TIkAkAra ke saMbaMdha meM zAstrI jI kA yaha mata zata-pratizata satya hai ki ve apane samaya ke Adarza vidvAn haiN| unhoMne apanI TIkAoM ke mAdhyama se mUlagrantha ke mahatva ko caugunA kara diyA hai| mujhe to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki unakI yaha TIkA svataMtra grantha ke hI samakakSa ho gaI hai| mUla grantha ke sUkSma vivecana kA Adhunika yuga ke pariprekSya meM vistAra isakI vizeSatA hai| grantha kI saMskRta TIkA kI bhASA ati sarala hai aura yaha a-saMskRtajJa ke liye bhI kiMcit prayAsa se bodhagamya ho sakatI hai| 'TIkA' kI bhASA meM prabhAvotpAdaka upamA, udAharaNa, lokoktiyoM Adi se jIvantatA pAI jAtI hai| saMskRta TIkA kA hindI meM bhI artha diyA gayA hai|

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88 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa aneka zlokoM aura prakaraNoM kA bhAvArtha to atyaMta mahatvapUrNa hai| saca pUchiye, to yaha bhAvArtha hI isa grantha kI AtmA hai| isakA adhyayana karane para jJAta hotA hai ki pUjya paMDita jI Agama-paramparA poSaka vidvAna haiM aura unhoMne aneka visaMgatiyoM kA isI dRSTi se samAdhAna bhI kiyA hai| saMbhavata: unakA yaha mata hai ki Aja kI jaTila sthiti va samasyAoM kA samAdhAna prAcIna evaM Agamatulya zAstroM ke anusaMdhAna, nirdeza evaM saMketoM ke anurUpa hI kiyA jAnA caahiye| prantha ke vayaM viSayoM para carcA : deva aura guru ko paribhASA prAcIna jainAcAryoM ke saMdarbho ke kAraNa TIkA ko adhikAdhika prAmANika batAyA gayA hai| isake kAraNa TIkAkAra kI bahuzrutajJatA bhI prabhAvazAlI rUpa meM parilakSita huI hai| TIkAkAra ke anusAra pratyeka paMDitamanya sadguru nahIM ho sktaa| sadguru vahI mAnA jA sakatA hai jo (i) antaH aura bAhyarUpa se nirguntha ho, (i) kaSAyavAn evaM viSayAbhilASI na ho, (iii) jJAna, dhyAna aura tapa meM lIna rahe, (iv) paramavItarAgI aura pUrNajJAnI ho, (v) nispRha ho aura (vi) paropakArI ho| ina vizeSaNoM meM cauthA vizeSaNa to paMcamakAla meM saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH anya vizeSaNoM se yukta puruSa ko bhI sadguru mAnA jA sakatA hai| isake gurutva yA upadezita tatva kI parIkSA karanI hogii| yadi vaha tatva vara-hara, snehakara, samabhAvotpAdaka hai, to upadeSTA sadguru hai / vaha nindAtmaka paddhati ko nahIM apanAtA / yaha paddhati nIca gotra kA baMdha karatI hai / TIkAkAra ke ye vicAra atyanta sAmayika evaM anukaraNIya haiM / durbhAgya se yaha yuga aisI jaTila gati se cala rahA hai ki sadguru ke upadezoM ko zraddhApUrvaka sunanevAloM ke mAdhyama se hI usakA gurutva prakAzita hone ke badale dhUmila hone lagatA hai| itihAsa meM isa prakAra ke ameka udAharaNa haiN| ina zrotAoM ne hI paMtha yA saMpradAyoM ko janma diyaa| yadi aisA na hotA, to mAnavadharma ke eka hote hue bhI vizva ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM aura bhArata meM aneka nAmAMkita dharma kyoM hote ? samAna mAnavIya uddezyoM ke bAvajUda bhI, unake anuyAyiyoM meM vivAda aura dharmAntaraNa kI pravRtti kyoM hotI? ina saba sthitiyoM kA uttaradAyitva pratyakSa rUpa se sAkSAt bhaktoM para hI jAtA hai, parokSa rUpa se kisI para bhI kyoM na jAve ? sadgurutva kI pratiSThA ke liye anuyA guNadharmI banane kA prayatna atyanta Avazyaka hai / sadgurutva kI paribhASA meM Agama meM staritA bhI apekSita hai / TIkA meM yaha prazna anuttarita to hI hai ki yadi guru evaM guru bhaktoM meM virodha parilakSita ho to samIcInatA kA AdhAra kyA hogA? hA~, patrAcAra meM avazya zAstramata kI varIyatA prakaTa kI gaI hai| bhAvaka kI carcA Adarza sadguru kI carcA meM Adarza bhakta para kucha vicAra svAbhAvika hai| vastutaH bhakta to zrAvaka hI hotA hai| zrAvaka kA artha hI sunanevAlA aura pAlanevAlA hotA hai| isI ke liye to yaha grantha hai| zrAvaka kI prathama koTi ke liye yajJopavIta, arcanA (pUjA) aura dAnarUpa kartavya batAye gaye haiM / TIkAkAra ne arcanA aura dAna ko vyApaka artha meM liyA hai| pUjA ke antargata devapUjA aura deva-vANI kA saMgraha, rakSA evaM svAdhyAya bhI sammilita kiyA gayA hai| isake vistAra meM (i) deva mandira kA nirmANa, (ii) mUrtisthApanA, (iii) vidyAlaya sthApanA, (iv) sarasvatI bhaMDAroM kI sthApanA aura rakSA, (v) sadguruoM kA AhAra, auSadha aura pustakAdi ke dAna (samarpaNa) dvArA satkAra, (vi) saddharmopadezaka ( evaM saddharma pracAraka ) pustakoM kA janahita meM prakAzana, evaM (vii) jinavANI kA uddhAra va prakAzana, (viii) vidyA pracAra ke liye yogya puruSoM kI dhanAdi dvArA sevA ke kArya samAhita haiN| TIkAkAra ne ina kAryoM ko vibhinna prakaraNoM meM kama-se-kama 9 sthAnoM para ginAyA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki zrAvaka vyaktihita ke kArya to karatA hI hai, use aneka sAMskRtika, sAhityika va prabhAvanAtmaka kArya samAjahita meM bhI karanA cAhiye / arcA ke samAna TIkAkAra ne dAna kA bhI vyApaka artha kiyA hai| dAna kA artha svArtha tyAga ke atirikta sevAdharmitA se bhI liyA gayA hai| yaha sevAmitA bhI dharma aura dhArmika, samAja, jAti, grAma, deza va

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1] zrAvaka dharmapradIpa TIkA : eka samIkSA 89 rASTra ke rUpa meM vyApaka mAnI gaI hai| TIkAkAra ne yaha batAyA hai ki kevala paropakAra nimittaka dAna yA sevA hI prazaMsanIya hai| alpa svArthI dAna yA sevA ko Adarza to nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, para vaha amAnya ho, aisA bhI nahIM hai| zrAvaka kI dUsarI koTi ke pramukha lakSaNoM meM sAta vyasanoM kA tyAga tathA aSTa mUlaguNoM kA dhAraNa samAhita hai| yaha AdhAra uttarottara pratimA-zreNiyoM para ArUr3ha hone ke liye Avazyaka hai / yaha zrAvaka kramazaH eka se gyAraha pratimAoM kA abhyAsa dvArA grahaNa kara uccatara AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke patha para ArUDha hotA hai| zrAvakadharmapradIpa kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki isameM pahalI darzana pratimA kA varNana tIna adhyAyoM ke 147 zlokoM meM vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| isake viparyAsa meM, anya dasa pratimAoM kA varNana pAcaveM adhyAya ke mAtra 49 zlokoM meM kiyA gayA hai| isase darzana pratimA kA mahatva samajha meM A sakatA hai| vidvAn TIkAkAra ne AcAryazrI ke mantavyoM ko paramparAnusAra puSTa karate hue unheM Adhunika pariprekSya meM bhI suvicArita kiyA hai| udAharaNArtha, samyaktva ke ATha aMgoM meM upagUhana, sthitikaraNa aura prabhAvanA aMga vyakti kI dRSTi se to ThIka, para samAja aura pariveza kI dRSTi se atyanta mahatvapUrNa haiM / upagRhana aMga ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki vyakti meM bhAvadharmazUnya dravya AcaraNa se yA asamarthatA se, zithilatAyeM saMbhAvita haiM jo parokSarUpa se dharma kI hI nindA-pAtra hotI haiM / vastutaH nindA do taraha se utpanna hotI hai / dharma pAlakoM kI galatiyoM se tathA nindakoM kI ajJAnatA yA durbhAva se / TIkAkAra ne zrAvakoM ko isa nindA ke dUra karane ke liye pA~ca upAya sujhAye haiM jo anukaraNIya haiN| sthitikaraNa aMga viSayaka carcA meM sAdhu ko sakAma saMyamI evaM zrAvaka ko deza saMyamI kahA gayA hai| phira bhI, saMjvalana kaSAya ke aMza ke kAraNa donoM ora hI saMyama meM bAdhA AtI hai| isase saMyama se vicalana saMbhava hai| saMyama ko to asidhArA para calane kI tulanA meM kaThina batAyA gayA hai| isameM zarIra evaM cittavRtti kI latAyeM haiN| roga, pariSaha, bAdhA Adi se vicalita hone para sthitikaraNa svAbhAvika hai| lekina yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki yaha prakriyA vivekapUrNa ho| hamArA prayatna yaha honA cAhiye ki aisI sthiti meM dharma/AcAra kA satsvarUpa samajhA kara dharma mArga kI ora pravartana karAyeM / yadi hamArI vivekapUrNa prakriyA phalavatI na ho aura vicalana meM sudhAra na ho, to saMyamI bheSa ke tyAga ke liye bAdhyatA hI ucita hai jisase anya saMyamiyoM para usakA kuprabhAva na par3e / TIkAkAra ne yaha mahatvapUrNa bAta kahI hai| isa viSaya para samAcArapatroM meM vivAda bhI chir3A huA hai| prabhAvanA aMga ke nirUpaNa meM TIkAkAra anya matAvalaMbiyoM dvArA pralobhana, pratAr3ana, Adi mAdhyamoM se kiye jA rahe dharmAntaraNoM ko anItikara niMdya evaM heya mAnatA hai| dharma kI unnati dhArmika upAyoM se hI honI cAhiye / cAra prakAra ke dAnoM dvArA sevA ko bhI dharma pracAra kA upAya mAnA gayA hai| gRhastha ke liye to svArtha tyAga dvArA uparokta 8 prakAra kA sevA kArya hI dharma pracAra kA saccA upAya hai / isake liye adhyayana-adhyApana kI vyavasthA karatA. vibhinna rUpa meM grantha prakAzita kara jinavANI kA uddhAra evaM prakAzana karanA tathA cikitsAlaya Adi kholanA sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa haiN| TIkAkAra ne isa saMbaMdha meM anya matAvalaMbiyoM dvArA kI jA rahI aisI hI kucha pravRttiyoM kI prazaMsA bhI kI hai| jaina zrAvaka bhI isa dizA meM nAma kamAyeM, isase unake dharma kI sarvatonmukhI prabhAvanA hogii| zrAvakoM ke ATha guNoM meM svanindA evaM gardA ke guNa vartamAna yuga meM atyanta hI vAMchanIya haiM / TIkAkAra ne inheM vizvazAnti ke liye rasAyana aura mahauSadhi batAyA hai| lobha aura avizvAsa kI bhAvanA prajAtaMtra kI ghAtaka siddha ho rahI hai / saMvegAdi guNoM kA bhAvana evaM AcaraNa isa duSpravRtti ko dUra karane kA vyaktigata upAya hai|

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90 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha | khaNDa sapta-vyasana zrAvakoM ko juA Adi sAta vyasana (burI AdateM) nahIM apanAnA cAhiye / ye vyasana hiMsA (zikAra, mAMsa madhu), corI (stena), brahmacarya (vezyA, parastrI) tathA parigraha (juA khelanA) pApoM ke rUpAntara hI haiM / ye sva-para-ahitakArI haiN| TIkAkAra ne inake viSaya meM sundara tarkoM kA upayoga kiyA hai| Ajakala zAkAhAra-pracAra ke yuga meM mAMsabhakSaNa ke zAstrIya doSoM ke sAtha yadi kucha naI khojeM bhI samAhita hotI, to aura bhI acchA hotA / vaijJAnika daSTi se per3a-paudhoM yA ekendriya jIvoM ke mRta zarIra ko aneka nigodiyA, bekTIriyA apaghaTita kara kArbanacakra ko calAne meM sahAyaka hote haiM / parajIvI taMtra sadaiva mRta jIva zarIroM ko apanA poSaka banAte haiN| mAMsa meM bhI aise hI jIva apaghaTana karate rahate rahate haiN| isIliye yaha paMcendriya janya yA adhikendriya janya hone se to abhakSya hai hI, asaMkhya ekendriyoM kA Azraya hone se bhI abhakSya hai| isI prakAra, madyapAna ke bAhya prabhAvoM kI zAstrIya carcA (cittavikRti, buddhinAza, nirlajjatA, svairAcAra Adi) ke sAtha yahA~ bhI nayI vaijJAnika khojoM kA vivaraNa mahatvapUrNa ho sakatA thaa| isase madya tyAga kI adhika preraNA mila sakatI thii| madya kiNvana kriyA se banAyA jAtA hai| isameM asaMkhya sthAvara evaM trasajIva bhAga lete haiN| isake pIne se zarIra-taMtra kI aneka jIvita kozikAyeM vikRta ho jAtI haiN| corI karane ke vyasana ke sambandha meM atyanta mahatvapUrNa bAta kahI gaI hai ki jo loga bhAjI kharIdate samaya taula se jyAdA cAra patte bhAjI aura rakha lete haiM, unake dAna kA kyA mahatva mAnA jA sakatA hai ? ye sabhI vyasana moha aura mithyA dRSTi ke pratIka haiN| TIkAkAra ne vyasana ke prakaraNa se Upara uThakara corI kI vyApaka paribhASA dI hai| usakI mAnyatA hai ki jina kAryoM meM para-dravyApaharaNa kI bhAvanA evaM tadanukUla kRti hotI hai, ve sabhI kArya pratyakSataH corI na hote hae bhI dhArmika dRSTi se cauryalakSaNa meM samAhita haiM / milAvaTa, nApa-taula meM gar3abar3I, rAja-kara-apavaMcana, binATikiTa yAtrA, Adi caura karma hI haiM / inake nimitta surakSAtmaka prayatna (jhUThe bahI khAte Adi) bhI isIke antargata mAne jAte haiN| yaha vyApaka paribhASA vyApArapradhAna evaM sevA-pradhAna zrAvakoM ke AcAra ke liye mahatvapUrNa haiN| isa vicAradhArA ke AdhAra para kitane zrAvaka apane ko nirvyasanI kaha sakate haiM / juA khelane ke vyasana ko vyApaka artha meM lete hue TIkAkAra kA kathana hai ki svAsthyarakSA, jJAnavRddhi, sadAcAra Adi zubha uddezya se kiye jAne vAle hor3a ke kArya doSAdhAyaka nahIM haiN| ise parigraha kA hI eka rUpa mAnanA caahiye| pA~ca pApa acche zrAvaka ko pA~ca pApoM se sthUlarUpa se bacanA caahiye| jo kevala trasa jIvoM kI saMkalpI hiMsA kA tyAga karate haiM, ve acche gRhastha mAne jAte haiM kyoMki ve udyogI, ArambhI evaM virodhI hiMsA ko anivAryarUpa se parityAga nahIM kara sakate / hA~, ve pApopahata vRttiyA~ svIkAra na kareM, yaha dhyAna meM rhe| ina hiMsAoM kI sAmAjika evaM rASTrIya pariprekSya meM TIkAkAra ne jo vyAkhyA dI hai, vaha mananIya hai| saMkalpI hiMsA aura anya tIna hiMsAoM kA antara bhI mahatvapUrNa hai / saMkalpI hiMsA kI jAtI hai aura anya hiMsAyeM ho jAtI haiM / saMkalpI hiMsA ke samAna anya hiMsAoM se bacane kA upAya karate rahanA zrAvaka kI zobhA hai| hiMsA ke samAna satya kI saMkSipta carcA bhI mahatvapUrNa huI hai| dhArmika dRSTi se jyoM kA tyoM bolanA bhI satya hai aura kahIM para vaha satya nahIM bhI hai| yaha anekAntI dRSTikoNa sva-para kalyANa kI dRSTi se apanAyA jAnA caahiye| vipattikara, kalahakara evaM bhrAntikara vacana satya hone para bhI zAstrIya dRSTi se niMdya mAne jAte haiN|

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1] zrAvaka dharmapradIpa TIkA : eka samIkSA 91 parigraha kA varNana anya pApoM kI tulanA meM kama kiyA hai, jabaki yaha bhI Adhunika vyakti tathA samAja meM carcA kA viSaya rahatA hai| parigraha ke antargata dhana-dhAnya bhI Ate haiN| yaha svAbhAvika prazna hai ki jaba parigraha pApa hai, to dhanI honA puNya kA phala kyoM mAnA jAtA hai ? TIkAkAra isakA uttara dete hue batAte haiM ki laukika sukha-utpAdaka dhana puNya kA phala hai aura AkulatA evaM asAtA utpAdaka dhana pApa kA phala hai| yahA~ bhI anekAnta dRSTi kA upayoga kara donoM prakAra kI sthitiyoM kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| vastuta: sukha aura duHkha kI anubhUti aMtaraMga pavitratA para nirbhara karatI hai| isakI pahicAna bar3I jaTila hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki yadi apavAda chor3a deM, to parigraha kI puNyAtmakatA atyaMta vivAdagrasta hai| yahI to vyakti, parivAra, samAja evaM deza meM azAnti kI janmadAtA hai / pratyakSataH sukhI dikhane vAle vyaktiyoM ke vastutaH sukhI hone ke tathya kI satyatA vardhamAna manodaihika evaM kAya-mAnasika rogiyoM kI saMkhyA se mUlyAMkita kI jA sakatI hai / isaliye to parigraha parimANa, zrAvaka ke liye vrata mAnA gayA hai| aSTa mUlaguNa samantabhadra, AzAdhara aura madhyavartI AcAryoM kI tulanA meM kuMthusAgara AcArya aSTa mUlaguNoM kI dhAraNA se bhakSyAbhakSya vicAra ko vyakta karate haiN| ve ATha abhakSya ( tIna makAra, paMca uduMbara phala ) padArthoM ke tyAga ko mUlaguNa kahate haiN| vyAkhyA meM TIkAkAra ne abhakSyatA ke pAMca AdhAra batAye haiN| jaina kriyA koSoM meM varNita bAisa abhakSyoM ko inhIM AdhAroM meM samAhita kiyA hai : 1. trasa jIva ghAta, 2. bahu-sthAvara ghAta, 3. mAdakatA utpAdana 4. loka viruddhatA, tathA 5. rogotpaadktaa| ___ abhakSya bhakSaNa se buddhi bhraSTa hotI hai, dayA dharma naSTa hotA hai, krUratA utpanna hotI hai, lobhAdi kaSAyoM kA prAbalya hotA hai| yaha mata kSetra, kAla evaM deza bhedApekSayA hI grahaNa karanA cAhie anyathA bhArata ke anya matAvalaMbI RSimuniyoM kI bAta to chor3iye, sArA pazcimI jagat durguNI mAnA jAnA cAhiye jisake buddhikauzala evaM camatkAroM kA hama andhAnusaraNa-jaisA kara rahe haiN| vastutaH uparokta ATha abhakSya bhAratIya AhAra ke sAmAnya ghaTaka kabhI nahIM rahe, ye to Akasmika ghaTaka haiN| inake na khAne se uparokta durguNoM meM nizcita rUpa se kamI dekhI gaI hai| phalataH zreyo mAgiyoM ke liye inheM utsarga rUpa se hI abhakSya mAnA gayA hai| isI prakAra ajJAta phala, tuccha phala evaM zuSkIkRta phala va sabjI, bhramarAdi yukta phala Adi kI parIkSA dvArA dekhabhAla kara, zodhita kara hI khAne kI bAta kahI gaI hai| basa jIvaghAta ke nivAraNa ke liye yaha anivArya hai| grantha meM AhAra ke samaya ke darzana ke dasa, sparzana ke bIsa, zravaNa ke dasa antarAyoM kA bhI vistAra hai| inake Ane para bhojana kA tyAga mAtra karanA zrAvaka kA lakSaNa nahIM hai, una antarAyoM kA, upasargoM kA nirAkaraNa usakA prathama kartavya hai| isa prakaraNa meM granthAntaroM meM varNita anya antarAyoM kA bhI saMketa diyA gayA hai| zrAvaka kI dinacaryA prastuta grantha meM zrAvaka kI Adarza dinacaryA kA vivaraNa diyA hai| isameM yaha mahattvapUrNa bAta kahI gaI hai ki gArha sthika azuddhiyoM ke kAraNa prAtaHkAla uThakara maMgalavAkyoM kA uccAraNa nahIM, smaraNa karanA caahiye| saMbhavataH smaraNa mAnasika, AdhyAtmika yA antaHkriyA hai jabaki uccAraNa zArIrika kriyA hai| zauca, dantadhAvana, tailamardana evaM snAna ke bAda pUjana/darzana karanA cAhiye / zAstropadeza sunanA caahiye| isake bAda bhojana aura phira nIti-pUrvaka AjIvikA ke kArya / sAMdhya bhojana, zAstropadeza aura phira maMgalavAkyoM ke smaraNa ke sAtha rAtri vizrAnti / zrAvakoM ke Atmika vikAsa ke liye bAraha bhAvanAoM kA cintana tathA kSamA hI dasa dharmoM kA pAlana hai| parizrama karane kA abhyAsa karate rahanA caahiye| ye uttaravartI sAdhu jIvana ke poSaka haiN| zrAvaka ke SoDaza-saMskAroM kI bhI

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92 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa anivAryatA batAI gaI hai, puruSArthoM kA bhI vistAra hai jinameM udyama, udyoga aura unnati ke prayatna samAhita haiN| ye puruSArtha mAnavagati meM hI sAdhya haiM / yaha to ThIka hai, para ve pUrNatayA puruSa varga dvArA hI sAdhya haiM ( nirvANa to kevala puMveda se hI milatA hai ), isaliye puruSArtha haiM, isameM kiMcit pAribhASika sudhAra vAMchanIya hai| sAmAnyataH puruSArtha prayatna kA dUsarA nAma hai| yaha apanI yogyatAnusAra sabhI kara sakate haiN| zrAvaka ke anya kAryoM meM mRtaka saMskAra evaM sUtaka-avadhi pAlana kI vyAkhyA uttama huI hai| TIkAkAra ne 'vilayA daMDavata' kI pravRtti kI nindA kI hai aura ahiMsAdharma ke pracAra ke liye pazcima yAtrA kA samarthana kiyA hai| unake anusAra dharma prabhAvanA se hI mAnava janma saphala hotA hai| yadyapi AgamoM meM adhyAtma vidyA ko hI mUla vidyA mAnA gayA hai, phira bhI yahA~ nyAya, vyAkaraNAdi upayogI vidyAoM yA pApazruta ke adhyayana ko bhI kartavya batAyA gayA hai| unakA yaha kathana mananIya hai ki zAstra svAdhyAya ko zastra-grahaNa ke samAna kaSAya poSaNa kA mAdhyama nahIM banAnA cAhiye / svAdhyAya ke atirikta mauna, japa aura dhyAna ke lAbha aura abhyAsa kA sujhAva zrAvaka ko diyA gayA hai| prAcIna jIvana paddhati ke ye anivArya tatva the| isa sadI meM pazcimI prabhAva se, inakI upekSA hone lagI hai| vaijJAnika zodhoM se punaH isa ora jAgRti utpanna ho rahI hai / zrAvakoM ke vrata prAcInazAstroM meM zrAvakoM ke 12 vratoM ( 5 aNuvrata, 3 guNabrata, 4 zikSAbata ) kA varNana hai| inameM kahIM sallekhanA kA samAveza hai aura kahIM vaha pRthak hai / acAryazrI ne sallekhanA ko vratoM ke atirikta mAnyatA dI hai| pAMca pApoM ke viparIta dhAvakoM ke liye paMca vratoM kA vidhAna hai| sAmAnyata: cauthe vrata ko zAstroM meM brahmacarya kahA gayA hai para isa grantha meM use parastrItyAga, svadArasaMtoSa kA nAma diyA gayA hai| yaha zrAvaka ke liye upayukta bhI hai kyoMki brahmacarya kA artha atyanta sUkSma aura adhyAtma pradhAna mAnA jAtA hai / isa prakaraNa meM kAmavAsanA ko saMsAra evaM vratabhaMga kA pradhAna kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| isakA niyaMtraNa aura niyamana vyakti aura samAja kI svastha pragati ke liye Avazyaka hai| isI prakAra, pA~caveM vrata kA nAma granthakAra ne parigraha-parityAga rakhA hai para TIkAkArane use parigraha parimANa ke rUpa meM vyakta kiyA hai| isake liye AzA aura asaMtoSa rUpa meM agni ko saMtoSarUpI amata se zAnta karanA Avazyaka hai| yadi dhArmika jIvana bitAyA jAve, to parigraha parimANa svataH hI ho jAtA hai| parigraha meM vRddhi yA asImatA kA kAraNa dhArmika jIvana ho hI nahIM sktaa| TIkAkAra kA sujhAva hai ki yadi kisI kAraNavaza parigraha (dhana, saMpatti) adhika ho gayA hai to usakA sadupayoga dhArmika evaM sAhityika sevA meM hI karanA caahiye| yaha pAyA gayA hai ki vibhinna zAstroM meM bhogopabhoga vrata ke aneka nAma haiN| isakI sthiti bhI kahIM gANavatoM meM hai. to kahIM zikSAvratoM meN| isa grantha meM ise zikSAkta mAnA gayA hai| isa vrata ke dvArA parigraha-parimANa ko aura bhI kSINa karane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| yadyapi bhoga aura upabhoga ke artha bhinna-bhinna hai, para isa vrata ke atIcAra mukhyataH AhAroM se hI saMbaMdhita hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai jaise upabhoga saMbaMdhI koI atIcAra hI na hoN| sAmAnyataH sacitta kA artha sajIva yA harita vanaspati se liyA jAtA hai / sacittAhAra kA tyAga pAMcavIM pratiSA meM honA cAhiye, phira use vrata pratimA kA atIcAra kyoM batAyA gayA hai ? TIkAkAra ke anusAra bhakSyatA kI samayasImA se bAhara bhakSyoM ko khAnA bhI sacitAhAra hai| ata: khAdya padArthoM ko samaya-sImA meM hI khAnA cAhiye / pA~cavIM pratimA meM unakA brata yA tyAga hI apekSita hai, vahA~ samaya-sImA kA koI prazna hI nahIM uThatA / kucha vidvAn yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki yaha atIcAra mUlaguNoM kA honA caahie| kyoMki mUlaguNa pAkSika zrAvaka ke sAticAra hI

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zrAvaka dharmapradIpa TIkA : eka samIkSA 93 hote haiN| naiSThika pratimA ke niraticAra hote haiM / malaguNa TIkAkAra ne bhI isI mata kA samarthana karate hue batAyA hai ki bhogopabhoga vrata kA sacittAhAratva atIcAra eka vicAraNIya prazna hai / unakA yaha bhI sujhAva hai ki sacitta upalakSaNa hai, yaha bhoga ke samAna upabhogoM ke sImana para bhI lAgU honA caahie| isa prakAra pratIta hotA hai ki sacittAhAra se saMkalpita grahaNa yA sImAoM kA ullaMghana artha lenA caahie| isameM svarNa, vastra, puSpamAla Adi sabhI samAhita ho jAte haiN| TIkAkAra kI yaha navIna vyAkhyA usake maulika vicArabhAva ko prakaTa karatI hai| TIkAkAra ne samaMtabhadra ke dvArA diye gaye atIcAroM se bhI apanA mantavya suspaSTa kiyA hai| sacitta kI carcA abhakSya, atithisaMvibhAga evaM sacitta tyAga pratisAtva ke saMdarbho meM bhI kI gaI hai| isa vivaraNa ke bAvajUda bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki mUlaguNa, abhakSya, bhogopabhoga vrata aura sacittatyAga pratimA ke uddezyoM meM punarAvRtti to hai hI / ahiMsaka vRtti kI uttarottara sUkSmatA ke AdhAra para hI isakA nirAkaraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai / atithi saMvibhAga vrata kI vizeSa vyAkhyA ke anusAra yaha zrAvaka ko supAtroM ( sAdhu yA sAdhutva kI ora pravRtta) ko AhAra, zAstra evaM saMyama upakaraNa (pIchI, kamaMDalu cazmA) auSadha aura sthAna (abhaya) dAna dene kI pravatti kA vrata hai| unhoMne sAdhu yA zrAvaka ke liye char3I ko saMyama evaM svAdhyAya kA sAdhana na hone se usako upakaraNa dAna nahIM mAnA hai| yaha mata vartamAna pariveza evaM sAdhu ke vyApaka kriyA kalApa ko dekhate hue kiMcit vicAraNIya pratIta hotA hai| vaise to Ajakala unake dvArA nirUpita aneka vastuyeM sAdhu-saMgha ke sAtha hI calatI haiM, bhale hI ve dAna na mAnI jaave| saMbhavataH dAtA unheM saMgha ke liye detA hai| isa prathA ko TIkAkAra kI dRSTi se ra hI mAnA jaavegaa| atithi zabda kA vyApaka artha lene para sAdhu-saMgha, zrAvaka-zrAvikA evaM anya suyogya pAtra bhI usake aMtargata AtA hai| ye dharma-sadhAka dAna haiN| kucha samAja-sAdhaka dAnoM kI bhI TIkAkAra ne carcA kI hai..karuNA dAna, samavRtti dAna, anvayadatti dAna Adi sthAnAMga meM bhI dasa dAnoM kI carcA AyI hai| ina sabhI se pratyakSa meM pAtra sevA hotI hai aura parokSa meM puNyabaMdha hotA hai| TIkAkAra ne saMsAravardhaka evaM pApotpAdaka padArthoM ke dAna ko kudAnoM meM ginAyA hai| dharma-prabhAvanA, jJAnavardhaka sAhitya pracAra, rathayAtrA Adi vivekapUrNa evaM svArtha-tyAgI dRSTi se kiye gaye kAryoM meM dravya, samaya evaM jIvana kA upayoga karane vAle uttama dAnI mAne gaye haiN| AcArya vinobA ne aise hI sAmAjika uddezyoM ke liye jIvana-dAna, dhana-dAna evaM samaya-dAna kI prakriyA pracalita kI thii| TIkAkAra ne eka sAmayika prazna upasthita kiyA hai ki kyA dhanI puruSa hI dAna de sakatA hai ? uttara dete hae unhoMne spaSTa kiyA hai ki dhanI kA dAna to AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha ke kAraNa hotA hai lekina dAna nyUnatama AvazyakatAoM ke liye saMgrahIta dhana yA sAmagrI se hotA hai| usameM zraddhA, vinaya, sevA evaM sahAnubhUti kA rasa atirikta rUpa se samAhita rahatA hai| phalataH dAna eka manovRtti hai jo kisI meM bhI sahaja yA paristhitivaza prasphuTita ho sakatI hai atithi saMvibhAga ke atIcAroM meM bhI AhAra dAna saMbaMdhI do atIcAra haiN| inameM bhI sacitta zabda kA prayoga hai| TIkAkAra ne sacittatA ke viSaya meM eka prazna uThAyA hai| kyA per3oM se TUTe hue evaM jamIna se khode gaye phala, phala, patte Adi sacitta ataeva abhakSya mAne jAveM? kucha logoM kA isa viSaya meM bhinna mata hai| yaha kahanA to sahI nahIM lagatA ki phala, phUla, pattI, tanA Adi vRkSa yA vanaspatiyoM ke aMga nahIM haiN| yadi ye vRkSoM ke aMga nahIM haiM, to vRkSa hI kise kaheMge? hA~, mAnava ke zarIra-aMgoM kI tulanA meM vanaspatiyoM ke ina aMgoM kI apanI-apanI vizeSatAyeM hotI haiN| brAyophAilama tathA bigoniyA jaise vanaspatiyoM ke aMga aliMgI vidhiyoM se naye sajAtIya punarjanana kara sakate haiM lekina sabhI vanaspati aisA nahIM karate / vikAsa aura punarjanana ko sajIvatA kA cinha mAnA

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94 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha | khaNDa jAtA hai / adhikAMza kAma meM AnevAle patte (kelA, chevalA, amarUda) aura bhAjiyoM meM yaha guNa nahIM pAyA jaataa| ve hare avazya hote haiM / ataH prajananI, punarjananI yA phira sar3e gale harita kA sacitta se vyavahRta karanA cAhiye, anya ko nahIM / adhikAMza vanaspati zAkoM se saMbaMdhita dhAraNAyeM harita evaM sacittatA (prajananI) ke saMbaMdha ke avinAbhAvI mAnane ke kAraNa bhrAmaka-sI pratIta hotI hai| isaliye yaha Avazyaka hai ki vanaspatiyoM kI dhArmika sacittatA (sajIvatA, punarjanana) kI dRSTi se sUcI banAI jAve aura tadanurUpa unakI AhAra yogyatA (atIcAratA) nirdhArita kI jaave| dhAvaka kI pratimAyeM yA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI sIr3hiyA~ pratyeka zrAvaka apane Atmika vikAsa ke liye apane abhyAsa va cAritrya kI pUrNatA ke AdhAra para gyAraha sIr3hiyoM ko pAra karane kA lakSya rakhatA hai| inameM pahalI aura dUsarI sIr3hI to darzana aura vratoM ke rUpa meM huii| ina vratoM ko aura bhI sUkSmatara dRSTi se evaM niraticAra sAdhane ke liye Age kI pratimAyeM haiN| TIkAkAra ke anusAra uccatara pratimAoM ko tabhI dhAraNa karanA cAhiye jaba ve Agamokta vidhi se sadha ske| udAharaNArtha, sAmAyika pratimAdhArI ke liye caubIsa ghaMTe kI sATha ghar3iyoM meM chaha ghar3I arthAta dasa pratizata samaya battIsa doSa rahita sAmAyika hetu Avazyaka hai| yaha prAtaH, madhyAMtara aura sAyaMkAla 2-2 ghar3I kA honA caahiye| yadi aisA vyakti * laMbI dUrI kI yAtrA karanA cAhatA hai, to use sAmAyika ke samaya ke liye yAtrA bhaMga karanI cAhiye / yadi vaha aisA nahIM kara pAtA, to use vrata pratimA meM hI rahakara sAmAyika kA abhyAsa karanA caahiye| isa pratimA meM sAticAra sAmAyika kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina pratimAoM meM aisA nahIM hai ki jitanA saca, utanA hI acchA / aisI manovRtti ke liye ucca bheSa kI ghoSaNA na kara zakti anusAra uccatara abhyAsa karanA caahiye| poSadha pratimA ke saMbaMdha meM AhAra tyAga ke sAtha kaSAya vijaya, iMdriya-rasa-upekSA kI vRtti Avazyaka hai| yahI bhI pUrvokta zikSAvrata kA tIkSNa va sUkSma dhArmika rUpa hai| sacitta tyAga evaM rAtrimuktityAga pratimAoM kA vivecana bhI sarasa hai| inake viSaya meM kucha vidvAnoM kI matabhinnatA kA saMketa TIkAkAra ne kiyA hai| kucha artha vizeSa bhI kiyA hai| kucha logoM ne yahA~ bhI punarAvRtti pAkara inake sthAna para anya nAma bhI sujhAye haiN| yaha visaMgati TIkAkAra ko bhI lagI hai para unhoMne isake badale kArita aura anumodanA se rAtrimuktityAga kA artha lekara isI nAma kA samarthana kiyA hai| brahmacarya ke AhAra, vihAra, vyApAra, pravRtti aura kriyAkalApa kI acchI sUcanAtmaka vivecanA huI hai| unhoMne batAyA hai ki jaba digambara veza kucha jaTilatAoM meM A rahA hai, taba udAsIna brahmacArI hI dharmasevaka aura pracAraka ke uttama kArya kara sakatA hai| vaha saMsAra se udAsIna hai para dharmasevA se nhiiN| Arambha tyAga kI pratimA parISahajaya kA abhyAsa hai aura gRhatyAga evaM vyApArAdi tyAga kA prArambha hai| vaha nirjIva savArI se vihAra bhI kara sakatA hai| parigraha tyAga meM bhI nyUnatama parigraha ke baMdhana ko chor3a gRhatyAga kI vRtti aura balavatI hotI hai / bAhya aura antaraMga (10+14) pArigraha ke pUrNatyAga kI vRtti vikasita hotI hai| anumatityAga meM parigrahatyAga kI apekSA aura bhI nyUnatA AtI hai| vaha bhojana kA pUrva nimaMtraNa svIkAra nahIM karatA, para bhojana ke samaya bulAne vAle kI vinaya svIkAra kara letA hai| yaha vyakti aba bhikSa na hone para bhI bhikSavata ho jAtA hai| antima pratimA meM vyakti gRhatyAgI hokara kSullaka-ailaka veza grahaNa kara nirmohI banatA hai tathA Atma-kalyANa aura dharmasevA kA utkRSTa mArga grahaNa karatA hai / ailaka to nirgrantha sAdhu kA laghu bhrAtA mAnA jAtA hai| vaha mahAvratI ke samAna hotA hai / vaha pIchI rakhatA hai aura rAtri-yAtrA nahIM krtaa| ailaka hI uttara-sIr3hI meM digambara veza dhAraNa kara AtmakalyANa ke Adarza banate haiN|

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zrAvaka dharmapradIpa TIkA eka samIkSA 95 pratimAoM ke nirUpaNa meM TIkAkAra ne eka mahatvapUrNa prazna uThAyA hai| aneka loga kahate haiM ki saMsAra meM sukha hai-vidyA, dhana, kuTumba Adi / phira jainadharma meM ekAntataH saMsAra ko duHkhamaya kyoM kahA gayA hai ? isake samAdhAna meM kahA gayA hai ki sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti hamArI mAnasika kalpanA yA jJAna se hotI hai / vibhinna paristhitiyoM meM AtmA ke guNoM meM, paranimitta se, vikAra yA pariNati hotI hai| use sukha, duHkha, karmaphala kA bhoktA mAtra byavahAra se kahA jAtA hai / nizcayanaya se to vaha jJAna mAtra hI hai / isaliye Atmika dRSTi se sukha-duHkhamayatA kA vizeSa artha nahIM hai / dUsare, saMsAra ke sabhI sukha kSaNasthAyI haiM, ata: inheM AcAryoM ne sukharUpa na kahakara duHkharUpa hI mAnA hai / svAtmottha sukha hI sthAyI evaM vAstavika sukha hai| saiddhAntika dRSTi se yaha kathana samIcIna hote hue bhI isakI vyAvahArikatA vicAraNIya hai| mahilAoM ke liye AcAra TIkAkAra ke anusAra, mahilAyeM bhI gyAraha pratimAoM kA pAlana kara sakatI haiN| unakI avasthA ke bheda se kvacit antara par3a sakatA hai| ve AyikA ke rUpa meM ekAdaza pratimAdhArI ho sakatI haiN| digambara AgamoM ke anasAra strI ko kSAyika samyakatva nahIM ho sakatA, ataH vaha nirvANa prApta to nahIM kara sakatI para AryikA pada use saMbhavata: strI paryAya se mukti dilAne meM samartha ho sakatA hai| samAna aura thAvaka ke anyonya sambaMdha jaina dharma ke vyaktivAda-pramukha AtmavAdI hone se usake AcAroM meM vyaktihita ke sAtha samAjahita ke tatva paryApta mAtrA meM haiN| lekina samAja yA samAja dvArA sthApita dhArmika yA anya saMsthAyeM vyakti ke vikAsa meM preraka bana sakatI hai, yA nahIM, isa para koI carcA nahIM hai| kyA samAja ke bhI koI dhArmika, sAmAjika, sAhityika yA prabhAvaka kartavya haiM ? pAkSika yA naiSThika zrAvaka garupUjA, jJAna-cAritra-vRddha-sevA-sammAna, cAturvidha dAna kare, yaha ucita hI hai, para kyA ina zrAvakoM ke samAhArI samAja yA unakI saMsthAoM kA vyaktiyoM ke prati koI kartavya nahIM hai ? yadi vyakti samAja ke unnayana meM yogadAna kara sakatA hai to kyA samAja vyakti ke unnayana meM abhyarthanAtmaka yogadAna bhI nahIM kara sakatA? vastuta: vyakti aura samAja parasparataH anyonya saMbaMdhita haiN| unheM vilagita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH TIkAkAra kI isa ora bhI vyApaka dRSTi se apane kuSTha mantavya prakaraNAnusAra dene the| isase TIkA aura bhI yUgAnurUpa evaM mahatvapUrNa ho jaatii| ina mantavyoM se aneka sAmAjika evaM dhArmika praznoM ke samAdhAna meM mArgadarzana bhI milatA hai|

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3. paMDita jaganmohana lAla zAstrI : lekha-sUcI paMDita jI ne kitane lekha likhe haiM, isakA unake pAsa koI rikArDa nahIM hai aura smaraNa bhI nahIM hai| saMpAdaka maMDala ko san 1958 se hI unake lekha prApta hue haiN| jina sajjanoM ko isake pUrva ke unake lekhoM Adi jAnakArI ho, ve kRpayA sAdhuvAda samiti ko sUcita kreN| samiti unakI AbhArI hogii| upalabdha 165 lekha ko viSayavAra vargIkRta kara yahAM diyA jA rahA hai| (ka) sAmAjika samasyAoM para lekha 1.2. kyA kudeva pUjA zAstra-vihita hai ? (jaina saMdeza), 6 / 13-6-58 chAtra aura chAtravRttiyA~ 10-7-58 rAtri bhojana chor3iye 24-7-58 bAlikAoM kA stutya sAhasa 4-9-58 samaya rahate sAvadhAna ho jAnA hitakara hai 23-10-58 jabalapura kAMDa para eka dRSTi 19-3-59 saMta vinobA kA nayA prayoga 19-5-60 zAstra-bhaNDAroM ko samhAla kara rakheM 26-5-60 upagRhana aMga ke nAma para 16-6-60 tyAgamArga ke pathikoM se . 30-6-60 dillI kA vIra sevA mandira 11-8-60 muniyoM ke sevakoM se 6-10-60 jainoM aura hinduoM meM ekatA 13-10-60 vidvAnoM kI sthiti 3-11-60 janagaNanA ke sambandha meM 24-11-60 jAtIyatA kA viSa 8-11-60 vidvAnoM kA uttaradAyitva 15-8-60 ekatA aura saMgaThana kI bAteM 29-12-60 jainoM se jainadharma chUTatA jAtA hai 19-1-61 sArvajanika kSetra meM jainoM kA rUpa kaisA honA cAhiye 26-1-61 rAtri bhojana banda kIjiye 16.2-61 vivAha nahIM, saude bAjI 9-3-61 24. zAkAhAra ke pracAra kI AvazyakatA 6-4-61 saMsthA aura unake vyakti caudaha varSa bIta gaye 17-8-61 27. paravAra samAja kI kaThina samasyA-daheja 19. 23. 25. 26.

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1] lekha-sUcI 97 30. mr 31. mr 33. 34. mr m panthabheda samApta karane kA upAya 29. maMhagAI banAma bhraSTAcAra mahAsabhA kA prastAva saccI aura kharI bAteM 32. tyAgadharma kI kaThinAiyA~ mUrtipUjaka honA garva kI vastu Aja dravya hI saba kucha hai doSI kauna : niMdaka yA andhabhakta tyAgamArga ke pathikoM se 37. parva ke pazcAt 38. vairAgya yA anurAga vaivAhika samasyAyeM 40. jainamAtra kA uttaradAyitva 41. hameM apanA loka-vyavahAra sudhAranA cAhiye 42-43. samAja meM zikSA kI upayogitA 44. droNagiri para zrI jJAnacandra jI kA vaktavya 45. vidvAnoM kI paramparA kA bhaviSya 9-4-61 1-10-64 20-12-64 10-11-60 20-5-61 1-2-61 24-4-58 22-1-59 30-6-60 15-9-60 29-9-60 21-6-62 22-11-62 29-11-62 1969 36. m r r varNI abhi0 ; (ba) saMvAntika lekha 1-3. mumukSu aura amumukSu punarjanma ke prakAza meM sAdhu kA svarUpa dravya dRSTi : paryAya dRSTi kyA dravyaliMgI aura bhAvaliMgI kI pahicAna azakya hai? bhAva evaM dravya kaSAya aura dharma cAroM anuyogoM ke zAstra paThanIya haiM samyaka dRSTi aura mithyA dRSTi kI pahicAna 12. ekatA yA anekatA jainadharma kA artha 13. dhArmika siddhAnta aura Adhunika vijJAna 14-15. jainadharma banAma hindUdharma 1, 2 16. AcArya kuMdakuMda kA AmnAya 17. AcArya pada 18-19. jina bhakti mahAtmya 1,2 20. vItarAga zAsana meM bheda kA kAraNa : zithilAcAra 1961 (jaina saMdeza) 1-8-74 22-4-66 2-7-64 9-7-64 17-9-64 19-10-64 14-1-65 19-11-60 14-6-61 20-5-61 5-1-61 10. 19-6-58 18-12-58

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98 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha 19-2-59 9-6-60 1-9-60 8-7-65 9-12-65 19-7-62 26-7-62 20-9-62 3-1-63 7-8-69 sanmati saMdeza sanmati saMdeza/jaina patha pradarzaka 38. jaina sAgara 39. 21-22. jainadharma ke sambandha meM bhrAnti 23. zraddhA banAma viveka 24. daza dharma 25. samyaka cAritra 26. zaMkA samAdhAna va ratanacaMdra mukhtAra pApa aura ajJAna zithilAcAra kA virodha aura samarthana 29. nizcaya aura vyavahAra 30-31. mUla jainadharma 1, 2 32. rAjendra kumAra jI ke vaktavya kA uttara 33. sRSTi kartRtva mImAMsA tathA jaina siddhAMta ke anusAra jagat kA svarUpa 34. zuddha jala tyAga aura nala kA jala kyA caturtha-paMcama guNa sthAnavartI pahirAtmA hai? zAsana devatA pUjA kyA mithyAtva nahIM hai ? 37. mithyAtva kI akiMcita karatA kI samApti prakSAla aura abhiSeka bhinna nahIM haiM zAstrIya zaMkA samAdhAna 40. jena mata kyA jaina mata hai ? Atmadharma kI prApti hI zreSTha puruSArtha hai AyAroM meM acelakatva samayasAra kI rAjamala kI TIkA kyA mithyAtva baMdha kA kAraNa nahIM hai ? teraha paMtha kA paricaya aura usakI kriyAyeM SaDakrama evaM Sagavazyaka karma meM acitta devapUjA teraha paMtha kyA hai ? 48. samayasAra kA vAstavika adhyetA kauna ? jainAgamoM meM Adhunika vaijJAnika saMketa 50. zAstroM kA jala pravAha ajJAnatA hai mithyAtva Adi pAMcoM pratyaya baMdha ke kAraNa haiM kuMdakuMda dvArA pratipAdita amRtakuMbha aura visakuMbha 53. nayAtikrAnta Atmatatva 54. A0 kuMdakaMda dvArA pratipAdita vastutatva karma baMdha aura usake kAraNoM para vicAra (ga) vyaktigata 1. netAoM ke viyoga kA varSa dAnavIra sAhU zAMtiprasAda jI 41. mahAsabhA bulaiTina sanmati vANI sanmati saMdeza 42. 44. 45. 46. sanmati saMdeza jaina saMdeza'82 sa0 saM0 '82 47. baMbaI goSThI vIra vANI 52. 12-5-60 jaina saMdeza, 22-9-60

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lekha-sUcI 99 5-10-61 15-8-74 12-5-60 3-2-66 17-3-66 24-3-66 11-10-62 11-10-62 31-1-63 varNI smAraka aura IsarI saMsthAyeM puraskAra ke avasara para vaktavya di0 jaina samAja kI mahatI kSati sva0 bAbU choTelAla jI sva0 choTelAla jI ke grantha para merA sujhAva bAbU choTelAla jI ke vividha saMsmaraNa gAMdhI jayantI prajJAcakSu goviMdarAya jI kA svargavAsa svaparopakAraka munizrI saMbhalabhadra jI Adarza vidvAn kI jIvanagAthA-vauyA jI AcArya kuMthasAgara jI kA paricaya sata-saMgati kA pratyakSa anupama udAharaNa A0 sanmati sAgara kI vItarAgatA anupama vyaktitva ke dhanI bAbUbhAI sa0 siM0 kanhaiyAlAla jI kA paricaya guru paramparA kA Adarza (A0 dharma sAgara) divAkara jI ke kucha saMsmaraNa santa sarasvatI putra (kailAzacandra jI) paM0 kailAzacandra jI kI mahAnatA aura merA sAhacarya isa yuga kA sarvazreSTha vidvAn uTha gayA merI smRti meM sonI jI 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. jaina gajara di0 a0 gra0 1976 1980 jaina saMdeza, 1987 vaizAlI buleTina (gha) vividha 18-8-60 jaM. saM. 3-2-72 13-2-75 30-4-64 10-5-64 21-1-65 saMskRta zikSAlayoM para eka dRSTi prAcIna itihAsa kI vipula sAmagrI; lakhanAdauna kuMDalagiri kSetra para paMcakalyANaka mahotsava prAcIna graMthoM kI surakSA kA apUrva avasara saMskRta zikSA-eka samasyA saMskRta zikSA vikAsa yojanA dIpAvalI ke prakAza meM nirvANa dIpa aura dIpa nirvANa bha0 mahAvIra kA anupama saMdeza atizaya kSetra mahAvIra jI hamAre tIrthakSetra bhagavAn aura mahAmAnava dharma kI parakha saMkaTa meM 26-3-61 10. 11. 12. 13. 1-12-60 20-4-61 19-3-58 25-8-58

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100 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa .. 19. 9-10-58 27-11-58 12-2-59 12-5-60 8-4-65 22-7-65 13-1-66 3-5-62 28-6-62 14-2-63 21-12-63 9-8-62 7-8-69 21. 14. sudhAra ke mUla aNuvata 15. caritra nirmANa kI AvazyakatA 16. kuMDalapura kuMDalagiri nAmaka siddha kSetra hai 17. sinemA dvArA dharma pracAra zatazata vaMdana (mahAvIra jayaMtI) pannAlAla ailaka sarasvatI bhavana 20. saritA ke lekha kA pratikAra di. jaina saMgha zikSA kI dazA zAstra bhaMDAra amUlya nidhi haiM 24. bAhubali pratiSThA mahotsava 25. puruliyA kAMDa : atyanta duHkhada ghaTanA Adarza sevAbhAvI saMsthA kA paricaya (Arogya bhAratI) nainAgira kA samozaraNa jaina maMdira madhyapradeza meM digaMbaroM dvArA digambara tIrthoM para hI vivAda 29. nainAgiri kI navIna yojanA para kucha prazna aura sujhAva 30. SarakhaMDAgama kI vAcanA kI saphalatA para vicAra saMpAdaka jaina gajara kA sAhasapUrNa kadama 32. hindU kise kahate haiM, Aja kA jvalaMta prazna jaina tattva mImAMsA kA prAkkathana 34. samyagjJAna ziromaNi kI prastAvanA 'Atma prabodha' kI prastAvanA aura bhASA TIkA amRta kalaza kI prastAvanA 37. zrAvaka dharma pradIra kI prastAvanA 38-42. yAtrAtmaka vivaraNa ke pA~ca lekha 22. 27. vIravANI jaina saMdeza 31. jainagajara jaina saMdeza 33. paMDita jI kI kRtitva sUcI zrAvaka dharma pradIpa : saMskRta-hindI TIkA adhyAtma amRta-kalaza : bhASA TIkA pravacana sAdoddhAra : bhASA TIkA Atmaprabodha ( kumAra kavi ) : bhASA

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paMDita jI kI yAtrAyeM paMDita jI ne dhArmika, sAmAjika tathA zAstrIya jJAna ke saMvardhaka uddezyoM se bhArata ke dazAdhika prAntoM ke zatAdhika nagaroM kI ekAdhika bAra yAtrA kii| inameM kAnapura, vArANasI, AgarA, lalitapura, najIbAbAda, caMDIgar3ha, dillI, ajamera, bAMsavADA, vyAvara, jayapura, ahamadAbAda, kalakatA, baMbaI, nAgapura, amarAvatI, zolApura, nAMdagA~va, kuMthalagiri, kAraMjA, elorA, pArasanAtha, gayA, bhUmarItilaiyA, paTanA, rAjagira tathA madhya pradeza ke sabhI pramukha zahara sammilita haiN| Apane tamilanADu evaM karnATaka ke bhI aneka nagaroM kI yAtrAyeM kI haiN| ina yAtrAoM se unake kArya-kSetra kI vyApakatA ke darzana hote haiN| paMDita jI ke abhinaMdana 1. jaina samAja, amarapATana 2. jaina samAja, ajamera 3. di. jaina gajaratha mahotsava kameTI, kuMDalapura 4. kuMdakuMda bhAratI, dillI 5. jaina samAja, gunA 6. paM0 jamolA sAdhuvAda samiti, rIvA-damoha jabalapura (yaha sUcI pUrI nahIM prApta ho sakI-saM0) /

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paMDita jI se saMbaMdhita saMsthAyeM 1. zrI di0 jaina zikSA-saMsthA, kaTanI, pradhAnAdhyApaka, adhiSThAtA, sadasya 2. zrI kanhaiyAlAla giradhArIlAla TrasTa, kaTanI, maMtrI, sadasya 3. zrI ToDaramala kanhaiyAlAla TrasTa, kaTanI, saMsthApaka TrasTI 4. zrI rAma jAnakI maMdira TrasTa, kaTanI, adhyakSa 5. zrI muralIdhara kanhaiyAlAla TrasTa, kaTanI, TrasTI 6. zrI digambara jaina gurukula, khuraI, upa-adhiSThAtA 7. zrI varNI digambara jaina gurukula, jabalapura, adhiSThAtA 8. zrI digambara jaina gurukula, ailorA, saMsthApaka sadasya 9. zrI jaina gurukula, mathurA, sadasya 10. zrI syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya, kAzI, sadasya kAryakAriNI 11. zrI varNI jaina vidyAlaya, sAgara, sadasya evaM TrasTI 12. digambara jaina tIrthakSetra, kuMDalapura, adhyakSa, sadasya 13. zrI mahAvIra jaina udAsIna Azrama, kuMDalapura (damoha), adhiSThAtA, sadasya 14. zrI digambara jaina paravAra sabhA, jabalapura, maMtrI, sadasya 15. zrI digambara jaina saMgha, mathUrA, pradhAnamaMtrI, sadasya 16. zrI digambara jaina vidvat pariSad, dillI, saMsthApaka sadasya 17. zrI varNI zodha saMsthAna, kAzI, adhyakSa, upAdhyakSa, sadasya 18. zrI digambara jaina mahAsamiti, dillI, sadasya 19. zrI bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI saMpAdana 1. jaina saMdeza ( 1954-69) 2. paravAra bandhu (prAraMbha se aMta taka) 3. vIra sandeza 4. kAMgresa bulaiTina , ( alpakAlika )

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paMDita jI ke vividha rUpa paMDita jaganmohalAla zAstrI ke aneka rUpa haiM jinake mAdhyama se hama unakA paricaya pAte haiN| unake jJAna-tapodhana kI mahimA to unake prazaMsakoM ne vaNita kI hai| para unake aise bahata-se ajJAta rUpa haiM jinakI bhitti para khar3e hokara unhoMne yaha garimA pAI hai / ye unake bAlyakAla yA vidyArthI jIvana ke rUpa haiN| ye unakI DAyarI ke pannoM se prApta hae haiN| bahuta kama loga yaha jAnate hoMge ki apane vidyArthI jIvana meM ve (1) kavi. gItakAra evaM bhajanakAra rahe hoMge / bahuta logoM ko mAlUma na hogA ki (2) ve kuzala-kRpaNa the aura pratyeka sthiti meM Aya-vyaya kA lekhA-jokhA rakhate the| (3) vidyArthI jIvana meM ve acche dainaMdinI-lekhaka the| unakI dainaMdinI meM saMkalita sacanAyeM vibhinna viSayoM para vyaktigata vicAra aura samIkSA bhI rahatI thI / (4) ve acche patra-lekhaka bhI hai / patra kevala bAharI kuzala-kSema ke pratIka hI nahIM haiM, ve vyaktiyoM ko mAnasika aura bauddhika dRSTi se bhI milAte hai| paNDita jI ne apane jIvana meM hajAroM aise patra likhe hoMge jinameM saiddhAntika praznoM ke uttara, sAmAjika va dhArmika samasyAoM ke sambandha meM vicAra pUrNa samAdhAna aura AkAMkSAyeM vyakta kI hogii| isa saMkalanakAra ko hI unhoMne aneka aise patra likhe jo saiddhAMtika dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa haiN| (5) ve vicArottejaka evaM sAmayika samasyAoM ke samaya Adhunika dRSTi saMpanna lekha likhane meM bhI siddhahasta haiN| patra-saMpAdana kalA vizArada to ve haiM hI, buleTina-anubhavI bhI haiN| unake ina rUpoM kI bAnagI yahA~ prastuta hai| -saMpAdaka gIta lekhaka svadeza bhakti siMha sadRza ho zUravIra, hama siMha sadRza hoM mAnI / hoM svadeza kI rakSA ke hita, zUravIra senAnI / / dezahitArtha kaSTa sahane meM, kareM na AnAkAnI / hama svadeza hita pIveM pratidina, asayoga kA pAnI / / 6 pharavarI 1920 zrI bAlagaMgAdhara tilaka ko smRti meM ATha padoM kI kavitA kA aMza bhArata mAM ke lAla, bhAla ke sutilaka pyAre / tilaka vilakhatI chora, mAta ko kahAM sidhAre / / kyA svarAjya kI zikSA dene svarga padhAre ? nabya janma le athavA karane trANa hamAre / / yA svarAjya naramegha yajJa meM hA ! kiyA prayANa hai| bhArata rakSA ke liye kiyA Atma balidAna hai| 14 pharavarI 1920 kaisI kaisI vIra prasUtA huI, aho kSatrANI / nahIM dIkhatI thI yadyapi, ve kara sadaza ymraanii|| zUrA thI, jananI sapUta thIM, karate jo ripuhAnI / bhArata meM jinakI prasiddha hai, prAyaH sakala khaanii|| khAne ko jinake gRha meM, thA nahiM dAnA pAnI / the svadeza hita deha tyAgate, kathA yathA purAnI / /

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kavitA lekhaka zrImAn vidvad-vara paM0 gopAla dAsa jI varaiyA (1866-1917) ke zoka meM racita jo hai huA vaha thA, hamArA, bhAgya Aja palaTa gayA / jo sUrya jaina samAja meM thA, hAya, vaha bhI kho gayA / / gopAla dAsa sudhI supaMDita, mAnyavara vAcaspati / the nyAya ke vAcaspati, aru syAdvAda-suvAridhi / / prativAdiyoM ko jItane meM the bar3e atisAhasI / jaise ki hasti - samUha ko hai, dUra karatA kezarI / / ve vAri-diggaja kezarI haiM, aba nahIM saMsAra meM / ve grasita kAla-karAla se, ho gaye kalikAla meM / hama chAtra - vargoM kA nahIM, aisA bacA saMsAra meM / jo kara sake hamako suzikSita, hAya ! isa duSkAla meM / / hA ! Aja jaina samAja ke bhI bhAgya haiM kaise phire / hama zoka vyAkula chAtra-gaNa, bemauta ke mautoM kare / / kyA hI bhayaMkara caitra zuklA, paMcamI kA dina huA / jisa dina ki jaina samAja kA, ika ratna kara se kho gayA / / ve the abhI isa bhUmi para, yaha kyA huA, hA ! deva re / re, duSTa, hA hA deva ! tUne kyA kiyA aMdhera ye / / prativAdiyoM ko jItane kA, kAma par3atA hai kabhI / para yAda AtI ApakI, para jora kucha calatA nahIM / / cAroM dizA meM dekhate haiM, zUnya dikhatA hai sabhI / hA ! he hamAre pUjyavara, darzana na hoMge aba kabhI / / priya pAThako, ati zoka meM aba, lekhanI calatI nahIM / isa zoka rUpa samudra meM, DUbe hue haiM hama sabhI / / bIteM hajAroM varSa para, yaha duHkha bhUleMge nahIM / he pUjyavara, kyA prAjJavara, hama mila sakeMge phira kbhii|| priMsipala, siddhAnta vidyAlaya, morenA ke vahI / the, magara hA, zoka hai, ve dRSTigocara haiM nahIM / yadyapi nahIM saMsAra meM, para nAma unakA khyAla hai| he jaina jAti, uTho, suno, aba zoka karanA vyartha hai|| 1., 2. jina puruSa ko kala 'hai' kahate the, use Aja 'the' aisA kahanA par3a rahA hai|

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bajaTa: 12 kuzala-kRpaNa Aya-vyaya lekhaka mAha saro kA hisAba 19 disambara, 1926, maMgalavAra, dinAMka 12 pharavarI 1921 ravivAra, sadasya saMkhyA 3 942 mA 15 ikkA, AtI-jAtI 50/ anAja / khAnA 60 ghI 1) ikkA 25J kapar3A 95 TikiTa (gayA se IsarI) 20 zAka 5 // tela khAnA 3) masAlA 11 kakar3I majUrI ... pAna ... - vanA ravar3I // sAnA pAnI garAI 9)baccoM ko 25 dUdha 20 saphara .25 vividha 2640 .5 ikA 243) rivAijDa isameM kirAyA zAmila nahIM hai| AN) TikiTa TikiTa gayA se IsarI .5 posTeja .2 kulI ANT gayA se banArama K) silaka vAko 2120 (3) dainaMdinI lekhaka jaina upa-jAtiyoM kI utpati (a) paravAra-jayapura se prApta IDara ke bhaTTArakoM ko paTTAvalI se jJAta hotA hai ki guptigupta bhaTTAraka vikramAditya ke vaMzaja the aura paravAra the| kSatriyoM meM eka jAti paramAra yA pamAra hai, yahI zabda uttarakAla meM paravAra ho gayA / yaha tathya pannA ke eka kSatriya se bheMTa evaM sAgAra dharmAmRta kI paM. lAlArAma jI likhita hindI TIkA ke uddharaNa se bhI puSTa hotA hai / sambhavataH ye kSatriya kisI jaina muni ke upadeza se jaina bana gaye hoMge / ahiMsA ke pUjArI hone se inhoMne vaizyoM ke vyavasAya grahaNa kiye| banArasI vilAsa meM aneka jAtiyoM ke isI prakAra nimitta. vaza jaina hone kI bAta likhI hai| isa prakAra paravAra jAti pa(ra) mAra kSatriyoM se utpanna hai aura vaha vikramAditya se pUrva kI hai, IsA pUrvakAlIna hai| 12-1-1921

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106 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha (ba) golApUrva-isa jaina upajAti meM paMcavise Adi gotra haiN| kahate haiM-eka gAMva meM tIna paTI thIM, eka meM cAra-sau ghara the, ata: ve bIsa-bise kahalAye, eka meM do sau ghara the, ata: ve dasabise kahalAye aura tIsarI paTI meM kula sau ghara the, ataH ve paMcabise khlaaye| 14-1-1921 (sa) kharauA aura miThauA-kisI ghara ke do bhAiyoM meM ApasI vaimanasya bar3hA aura baMTavArA huaa| eka ko vaha ghara milA jisameM kuMA thaa| usakA jala mIThA thaa| dUsare ko jo ghara milA, usameM kuMA nahIM thaa| usane kuMA khUdavAyA, para usakA pAnI khArA niklaa| isa kAraNa donoM bhAiyoM ke vaMzaja kramazaH miThoA aura kharauA khlaaye| (da) dazA hUMmar3a-hUmaNa jAti AbU (rAjasthAna) kSetra kI eka hiMsaka jAti thii| yaha jinasena AcArya ke upadeza se jaina dharma kI anuyAyI bnii| 14-1-1921 (4) patra-kalA, vizArada zrI premarAja jI, ajamera ko likhe patra kA aMza, dinAMka 9-12-1966 vartamAna meM Agama ke arthoM meM bhI khIMcAtAnI cala rahI hai| paNDitoM va sAdhuoM meM bhI guTabaMdI-sI ho gaI hai / kAnajI ke prati dveSabhAva paidA ho gaye haiN| isake do kAraNa haiM : prathama to yaha ki ve logoM kI cAlU dhAraNA-vyavahArakAnta ko khaNDita karane ke liye nizcayanaya kA dRr3hatA se pratipAdana kara rahe haiM jo vyavahAraikAntavAdiyoM ko nizcayakAnta AbhAsita hotA hai| dUsare vidvAnoM ko apanI vidvattA para abhimAna hai| ve cAhate haiM ki hameM guru mAnakara kAnajI smjheN| dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki vartamAna sAdhuoM meM 'Agamokta' mUlaguNoM kI kamI dekhakara ve unako muni nahIM mAnate, ata: muni bhI unase nArAja haiN| phalataH use samAja meM girAne kI bhAvanA sabakI hai| seTha to.... hote haiM, unako dharma kI samajhadArI hai hI nhiiN| ata: unheM 'dharma DUbA' kA nArA lagAkara dharmabhIru hone se unako buddha banAkara apanA matalaba donoM sAdha lete haiN| hama loga kucha madhyasthatA kI bAta karate haiM, to samAja ke sAmane badanAma karate haiM ki paNDita loga vahA~ se rupayA pAte haiM, ataH unakI puSTi karate haiM / yaha hai samAja kI hAlata / __ yathArtha meM, maiM abhI pratyakSa dekha yA anubhava karake AyA huuN| ve vyavahAra kA niSedha karate haiM nizcaya daSTi ko sAmane rakhakara / isase ki unake purAne anuyAyI apane vyavahAra ko chor3a deM aura nizcaya kI bAta ko yathArtha smjheN| ise samajhane para samyaka vyavahAra unameM A jaaygaa| A bhI jAtA hai| ve pUjA karate haiM, paMca kalyANaka karAte haiM, apane ko zuddha digambara kahate haiN| unake dvArA zuddha teraha paMtha kI pravRtti kA svIkAra karanA bhI bIsa paMthiyoM ko khaTakatA hai| yaha tIsarA kAraNa bhI unake virodha kA hai| ve pratimAdhArI nahIM, para atyanta zuddhAcArI brahmacArI haiN| sabhI loga di0 jaina dharma ke kaTTara anuyAyI haiN| hamase jyAdA kaTTara haiN| sadA svAdhyAya calatA hai| eka-eka akSara sUkSmatA se par3hate haiN| na koI paMtha sthApanA kI bhAvanA hai, na koI Agama-viruddha mAnyatA hai / maMda kaSAyI haiM, virodha se krodhita bhI haiM, para apanA kAma karate haiM /

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1] anya zaMkAoM ke sambandha meM merA mata hai : caturtha guNa-sthAna meM nizcaya vyavahAra donoM samyagdarzana hai / jo sAtaveM guNa sthAna kI bAta hai, so jina zAsana ne vyavahAra kI vyAkhyA kI hai / bhedarUpa varNana, so vyavahAra aura abhedarUpa, so nizcaya / isa vyAkhyA ke anusAra, sAta taka bhedarUpa, ratnatraya hai, ataH vyavahAra hai / aura zreNI meM abhed rUpa hai, so yahA~ nizcaya hai / nizcaya vyavahAra kI vyAkhyAoM meM antara hai, ataH tadanusAra hI phaisalA hai / ( iii ) I AcArya kisI naya se mithyA dRSTi nahIM ho sakate / ve yA mAtra vyavahAra samyaktvI the yA phira ubhaya samyaktvI aura ubhaya cAritrI the / ( i ) (ii) (5) sAmAjika samasyA para lekha ye jina zAsana deva haiM yA mithyA zAsana deva ? jaganmohana lAla jaina zAkhI, kaTanI 107 paramavItarAgI jinAnugAmI digambara jaina dharma kA uccaghoSa karane vAlI di0 jaina samAja ke kucha netA vItarAgI prabhu kI pAda sevA ke sAtha-sAtha kucha aise sarAgI sazastra devI devatAoM kI pUjA ArAdhanA-AratImantra japa Adi kA vidhAna karate hai jinakI ArAdhanA kA jinAgama meM spaSTa niSedha hai aura jinakI mAnyatA mahAmithyAtva mAnA gayA hai| kucha digambara sAdhujana bhI isa kRtya kA sarmathana karate haiM tathA isakA upadeza bhI dete haiM / inakI ArAdhanA se kaSTa nivAraNa kI bhI bAta bhakta ko batAte haiM tathA pUjA maMtra japa anuSThAna kI preraNA bhI dete haiM / kahIM kahIM zAradI pUrNimA ke dina dUdha meM pratimA rAta bhara Dubokara japa hotA hai aura usa dUdha ko khAne kA bhI upadeza hotA hai| abhI kucha dina pUrva kalakattA ke eka vidvAna dvArA yaha bhI jAnane meM AyA ki vahA~ zarada pUrNimA ko mana bhara dUdha meM pratimA jI rAta bhara rakhAI gaI aura sabere vaha dUdha janatA ko bAMTa kara use pIne tathA auMTa kara miThAI banAkara khA lene kA Adeza eka kathita jainAcArya dvArA diyA gayA jinakA vahA~ cAturmAsa ho rahA thA / zrI sammeda zikhara jI bIsa tIrthakaroM kI nirvANa bhUmi hai| jainoM kI paramapAvana tIrthaM bhUmi hai / parvata rAja para to tIrthaGkaroM ke nirvANa sthaloM para caraNa cihna sthApita haiM-- nIce talahaTI meM bhI di0 jaina vIsa paMthI koThI ke sAtha anekAneka maMdira vediyA~ haiM / di0 jaina teraha paMthI koThI meM bhI vizAla maMdira, aneka vediyA~ tathA nandIzvara kI racanA-mAnastaMbha Adi haiM / parvata kI upatyakA para prathama hI vizAla mAnastaMbha, unnata bAhubalI bhagavAn tathA vartamAna caubIsI kA maMdira banA hai / vItarAga prabhu ke pUjana-darzana ArAdhanA ke sarvottama sAdhanabhUta sahasroM jina bimba sthApita haiM / vItarAgadharma ke ArAdhaka zrAvakoM, seThoM evaM sAhUkAroM dvArA ukta nirmANa unake hRdaya ke parama dharma ke paricAyaka haiM / yahIM bAhubalI mandira ke samIpa abhI kucha varSa pUrva eka mandira banAyA gayA hai jisakA nAma "samavazaraNa mandira" rakhA gayA hai / usameM mUla vedikA para to jinendra avazya sthApita haiM para bAhara-bhItara- UparanIce sampUrNa mandira meM saikar3oM sarAgI devI-devatAoM kA hI sAmrAjya hai / bhagavAna eka phuTa hoMge, to sarAgI devatA

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108 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa cAra-cAra phuTa U~ce haiM / inakI vedikAe~ bAhira banI haiM aura darzanArthiyoM ko unakA hI prathama darzana hotA hai / mUlavedI kI cAra jina pratimAoM ke abhAva meM uparokta maMdira kI kRtiyAM ajaina mandira pramANita kreNgii| Azcarya yaha hai ki vaha sArI racanA eka digambara jaina AcArya kI preraNA se hai| jahA~ zrAvakoM dvArA vItarAga prabha kI vizAla racanAe~ vidyamAna haiM, vahIM "samavazaraNa mandira" ke nAma para mithyA devoM kI racanA kA jainAcArya kI preraNAkRta svarUpa bhI hai| eka prazna hai ki sammeda zikhara para, tIrthakaroM kI nirvANa bhUmi para tIrthaMkara vimba sthApanA to sahetuka hai para ina devI devatAoM kI sthApanA kisa hetu hai ? isakA pratiphala to inakI pUjA-arcA ke prasAra se mithyAtva kA sarvathA anucita hai| saMsAra meM karor3o maMdira devI devatAoM ke haiM jo unake ArAdhakoM dvArA saMsthApita haiM, unakA aucitya mAnA jA sakatA hai para vItarAga ke ArAdhakoM dvArA jaina maMdira meM inakA sthApana kaise ucita mAnA jA sakatA hai ? kisI kRSNa maMdira meM rAma kI mUrti nahIM hai-rAma ke mandira meM kRSNa kI mUrti nahIM hai-para yahA~ vItarAga ke mandira meM sarAgI kI mUrtiyA~ sthApita haiN| unakA aucitya kaise svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ? yaha to kahA jAtA hai ki ye jina zAsana ke bhakta haiM, ataH sthApita haiN| para yaha tarka isalie yathArtha nahIM hai ki ye bhakta bhakti karane kI mudrA evaM sthAna para sthApita nahIM, svayaM devamudrA meM haiN| yaha bhI tarka diyA jAtA hai ki bhagavAn ke puNya samavazaraNa meM asaMkhya devI devatA the| yaha sahI hai, para ye samavazaraNa kI bAraha sabhAoM meM apane apane kakSa kI sImA meM hAtha jor3e dikhAye gaye hote, to koI Apatti na thii| tarka sahI hotaa| para ye devI-devatA apanI mudrA meM pUre maMdira meM chAye haiM, ataH inakA aucitya nahIM hai| maiM aisI sthApanA ko jinAgama ke viruddha mAnatA huuN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadeza se yaha kriyA bahirbhUta hai| isa sambandha meM eka ghaTanA mahAvIra jayantI kI hai jo isake anaucitya para prakAza DAlatI hai| mahAvIra jayantI ke avasara para eka ajaina vidvAna ne bhASaNa meM mahAvIra parama ahiMsaka the, yaha siddha kiyaa| vahIM eka ajaina baMdhu ne apane prazna meM kahA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kitane slATara hAusa usa samaya baMda karAye the? kitane kasAI-khAne banda karAye ? kahA~ kahA~ isake lie satyAgraha yA anazana kiyA? ina praznoM ke uttara meM usa na vidvAna vaktA ke udgAra svarNAMkita karane yogya haiN| unakA kathana thA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne prazna meM kathita koI kArya nahIM kiye, kintu jo kiyA, vahI unakA sarvocca zreSThatama kArya ahiMsA pracAra kA thaa| vaha kArya yaha thA ki jahA~ "karma' kahakara "balidAna' kiyA jAtA thA, vahA~ dharma ke sthAna para adharma-ahiMsA ke mandira meM hiMsA kI pratiSThA thii| yaha vizvAsaghAta thA, dhokhA thaa| DAkA DAlane kI apekSA vizvAsaghAta se chInanA adhika pApamaya hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne spaSTa ghoSita kiyA hai ki dharma ke nAmapara kiyA jAne vAlA adharma yAne hiMsA-hiMsA hI hai, adharma hai / yaha patana kA kAraNa hai| isa tarka se prakAza par3atA hai ki dharma ke sthAna para adharma ke baiTha jAne se dharma kA sthAna china jAtA hai| ataH yaha ucita nhiiN| maiM samajhatA hU~ ki vItarAga ke mandiroM ko vItarAga ke hI mandira rahane diyA jAtA aura una sarAgI devatAoM kA maMdira sarAgI kA sthAna hI rahatA, to vItarAgiyoM ko dhokhA na hotaa| "banaspati" nAmaka tela zuddha vanaspati tela ke nAma se karor3oM rupayoM kA bikatA hai, usapara koI kAnUnI pratibaMdha nahIM hai| kintu zuddha ghI meM banaspati tela milA kara becA jAya, to kAnUnI jurma hai| isI taraha vItarAga maMdira meM sarAgI mUrti rakha kara unheM vItarAga maMdira kahanA dhokhA hai| dharma ke nAma para adharma ke pracAraprasAra kA sAdhana hai, aisA mAnanA hai -

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109 ina sarAgI devI devatAoM kI upAsanA kucha di0 Daina paNDita bhI karate haiN| paNDita buddhajIvI haiM / unameM tarka-vitarka kutarka karane kI kSamatA hotI haiN| ve apanI isa kriyA ko tarka se siddha karate haiM tathA sAmAnya jana ko batAte haiM ki rAjA ke sAtha rAjA ke sevaka bhI Ate haiN| unakA bhI Adara karanA hotA hai| yadi na kiyA jAya, to rAjA ko ve aprasanna kara sakate haiM / isI prakAra bhagavAn ke sAtha meM bhagavAn ke sevaka haiM, jo jina zAsana ke rakSaka haiM, ataH unakA sammAna bhI kiyA jAtA hai| isa taka para vicAra kareM to mAlUma hogA ki yaha dhokhA hai-kutarka hai| rAjA to rAgI dveSI hotA hai, pratiSThA-pUjA kA bhUkhA hotA hai| rAjakarmacArI nArAja ho jAya, use sammAna na mile, rizvata-ghUsa na mile, to rAjA se cugalI bhI karake rAjA ko Apake viruddha kara sakatA hai| ataH bhaya se rAjakarmacArI ko sammAna ruyayA paisA bheMTa dI jAtI hai / isI prakAra kyA tIrthakara prabhu rAjA kI taraha pUjA-pratiSThA ke lobhI haiM ? yaha prazna hai / ___ dUsarA tarka hai ki ye jina zAsana ke rakSaka haiM. kina-kina dharmAtmAoM ne inakI pUjA ArAdhanA kI aura kina-kina kI sahAyatA-sevA-rakSA ina devI devatAoM ne kI, isakA eka bhI udAharaNa jaina purANoM meM nahIM hai / jinakI sahAyatA kI hai unake nAma hai : satI sItA, aMjanA, draupadI, rayaNamaMjUSA, muniyoM meM akalaMka deva, samaMtabhadra Adi aura ghaTanAeM haiM / dekhanA yaha hai ki ye saba jIva parama samyak dRSTi the| unhoMne jinendra kI ArAdhanA-smaraNa kiyA thaa| taba devatA sevA ko Aye the| aisA koI udAharaNa nahIM hai ki inakI ArAdhanA kI ho aura koI devatA sahAyatA ko AyA ho| taba inakI ArAdhanA kA upadeza kyoM ? jinendra kI ArAdhanA para ye svayaM Aye haiM, to AyeMge / yadi ApakI jineza ArAdhanA sahI puSkala hogI, to avazya daur3e aayeNge| para ye saba ghaTanAeM una una jIvoM ke pUNyodaya para haiN| anyathA jina ke garbha-kalyANaka para devoM ne pandraha mAha ratana varasAye, ve bhagavAn AdinAtha AhAra mAtra ke lie bAraha mAha bhaTakate rahe, kisI devatA ke kAna para bhanaka bhI nahIM pdd'ii| ataH ye saba tarka nahIM, kutarka haiN| paMcakalyANaka pratiSThA pATha meM una saba devI devatAoM ke nAma sthApanA Adi haiM, ata: jinAgama meM inakA mahatvapUrNa sthAna mAnA gayA hai / yaha bhI eka tarka hai| uttara yaha hai ki yaha yathArtha hai ki paMcakalyANaka meM inakA varNana pratiSThA pAThoM meM hai| usakA hetu unakA pUjana-arcana nahIM hai, kintu bhagavAn ke ina kalyANakoM kA kArya saudharmendra tathA unakI AjJA se anya devI deviyoM ne sampanna kiyA hai| ata: usa samaya ke paMcakalyANakoM kA yaha rUpaka hai, jo hama karate haiN| hama bhagavAn kI mUrti banAte haiM aura mUrti meM paMcakalyANaka kI kriyA kA rUpaka karate haiM / isameM devIdevatAoM ke nAma Ate haiN| saudharmendra ne pratiSThA kii| ataH yajJakartA meM saudharma indra kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai| saudharmendra ne devI devatAoM ko AjJA dI thI na ki unakI pUjA kI thii| taba yahA~ bhI indra AjJA deve, usI kA yaha niyoga hai| Aja ke pratiSThAcArya usa sthApita yajJakartA ko saudharmendra sthApita karake bhI usake dvArA ina saba choTechoTe saudharmendra kI AjJA mAnane tathA usake sAmane hAtha jor3akara khar3e rahane vAle devI devatAoM kI pUjA karAte haiM / yaha kahA~ taka ucita hai, yaha vicAraNIya hai / ataH paMcakalyANaka pratiSThApAThoM meM inakI carcA kara inakI pUjA-arcA kA vidhAna bhI zAstroM kA viparIta artha karake mithyAtva kA kharA poSaNa hI hai| padmAvatI-jvAlAmAlinI Adi deviyoM kA svarUpa, unakI ArAdhanA Adi jo kI jAtI hai, usakA bidhAna bhairava padmAvatI kalpa aura jvAlAmAlinI jaisI pUjA pustakoM meM hai| ye pustake di0 jaina pustakAlaya sUrata se chapa cukI haiM / padmAvatI kalpa vI0 saM0 2479 aura 2496 meM do bAra aura jvAlAmAlinI kalpa 2492 meM chapI hai|

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110 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa isa taraha isakA pracAra 25 varSa se ho rahA hai| inakI pUjA-ArAdhanA vidhi japa maMtra meM gadhe ke rakta, kutte ke rakta, kAka patra, smazAna haDDI, murde ke vastra Adi hiMsaka ghRNita padArthoM ke upayoga kA vidhAna hai / dekhiye, ye kaise jina zAsana deva haiM yA jina zAsana ke deva kaha kara Apako mithyAtva kI ora hI DhakelA jA rahA hai| abhI laghuvidyAnuvAda nAmaka eka grantha bhI prakAzita huvA hai / usakI samAlocanA bhI jaina patroM meM prakAzita kI gaI hai| usameM bhI isI prakAra mithyA devoM kI pUjA-arcA ArAdhanA ko upAdeya mAnA gayA hai / eka bar3A prazna hai ki dvAdazAMga kA mUla lopa ho jAne evaM paMcama pUrva kA aMzamAtra hI zeSa rahane para dharasenAcArya ne apane ziSyoM ko vAcanA dI aura unake ziSya AcArya bhUtavalI - puSpadanta ne SaDkhaMDAgaya banAe / ataH vidyAnuvAda kisa AdhAra para banA hai, usakI pramANikatA kaise svIkAra kI jAye ? phira jina bAtoM kA sambandha jinAgama se viruddha vItarAgI jina ke sivAya rAgI dveSI kudevoM kI ArAdhanA evaM hiMsakapUrNa dravyoM se hai, to vaha jinAgama kaise ho sakatA hai ? bhaTTAraka yuga ke prArambha meM aneka bhaTTAraka jinAgama ke pracAraka va prabhAvaka rahe / yadyapi unakA veSa jinAgama meM kahIM bhI ullakhita nahIM tathA pIche-pIche bhaTTAraka gaddiyoM para jaba jaina nahIM baiThe, taba brAhmaNa lar3akoM ko dIkSA dekara baiThAyA gyaa| unhoMne jinAgama meM apanI vaidika mAnyatA ko samAviSTa kara usakA viruddha rUpAntara kara diyA / jinasena nAmaka bhaTTAraka ke ziSya praziSya apanA nAma jinasena aura AcArya bhI likhate rhe| isI prakAra anya gaddiyoM kI bhI nAmAvalI purAne nAmoM para calatI rhii| usase vidvAnoM ko dhokhA huA aura unheM ukta AcAryoM kI kRtiyA~ mAnakara usakA pracAra di0 jaina samAja meM kiyA / spaSTa hai ki vItarAgI ke sivAya anya deva pUjya nahIM aura ahiMsA-mUlaka kriyAoM ke sivAya hiMsApUrNa kriyAe~ jinAgama mAnya nahIM / isa taraha zAsana devoM ke nAma se kudeva pUjA kabhI grAhya nahIM hai /

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vinodI sahayogI kA sAdhuvAda paMDita phUlacaMdra siddhAnta zAstrI rur3akI (u0 pra0) paMDita jI hamAre sahapAThI aura sahayogI haiN| ve hamalogoM meM 'siramaura' hai| sabase pahale maiMne unheM morenA meM dekhA thaa| apane svabhAva ke kAraNa ve prAyaH hameM Azcarya meM DAlane se nahIM cUkate the| ve bar3e vinodapriya hai| eka bAra maiM so rahA thaa| ve apane ghara se lauTa kara Aye aura rAta meM hI unhoMne sote samaya hI merI chAtI para baiThakara halake se merA galA dabA diyaa| maiM jaba lar3akhar3AtI AvAja meM cillAne lagA, to ve haMse aura mujha chor3a diyaa| isI prakAra eka bAra maiM eka kheta meM mala-visarjana kara rahA thaa| ve pIche se Aye aura merA pAnI bharA loTA uThAkara dUra khar3e ho gaye / gir3agir3Ane para hI mujhe loTA vApasa mila skaa| ve kuzAgra buddhi hai aura bAta banAne meM ati catura haiM / ve dUsaroM ke chidroM ke gopana kA bhI kartavya nibhAte hai| unhoMne apane pitA ke padacinhoM para kaba calanA svIkAra kiyA, yaha bAta morenA meM to dikhI nhiiN| bAda kI ghaTanA honI cAhiye / para Aja ve vratI zrAvaka haiM aura vratabhaMga karane meM vizvAsa nahIM rkhte| ve vaktavyakalA meM bhI aticatura haiN| eka bAra maiM aura ve donoM khuraI Aye hue the| mere bhASaNa ke bAda unakA bhI bhASaNa huA / unhoMne jisa kalara aura kamAla se vaha bhASaNa diyA, usase maiMne unase hAra mAna lii| ve sahRdaya haiM, jaina mAtra ke prati unameM Adara bhAva hai| ve acche lekhaka bhI haiN| unake adhyAtma amRta kalaza' kA prakAzana caMdraprabha di jaina maMdira, kaTanI se huA hai| yaha eka dizA bodha hai / yadi jaina maMdira mAtra Aya ke sAdhana bar3hAne ke sAtha jinabiMboM kI rakSA ke atirikta jinavANI kA bhI pracAra-prasAra kareM, to vizva meM jainadharma ke pracAra meM cAra cAMda laga jaaveN| IsAI isa dRSTi se hameM pATha sikhAte haiM / dharma kendroM kI Aya kA kucha aMza sadaiva sAhitya nirmANa aura pracAra kArya meM laganA caahiye| kaTanI meM siMghaI dhanyakumAra jI kA gharAnA paryApta kAla se pratiSThita hai| paMDita jI ke liye unake parivAra ne jo kiyA, vaha zAyada hI koI kara sake / eka bAra siMghaI jI kI dukAna se eka garIba jaina bhAI ko 'maMdira marammata' ke nAma para banI jhUThI rasIdoM para paMDita jI ke rokane para bhI sahAyatA dI gii| paMDita jI ne jaba pUcha-tAcha kI, taba unase kahA gayA ki samAja kA garIba bhAI jAna kara use caMdA diyA gayA hai| "lekina usane to jhUTha kA sahArA liyA, phira bhI Apane diyA hai ?" "yadi vaha jhUTha na bolatA, to koI usakI sahAyatA karatA ?' na dhamoM dhArmika vinA' ke siddhAnta ko to samAja bhUla hI gaI hai|" paMDita jI ko vAstavikatA svIkAra karanI pdd'ii| siMghaI parivAra Aja bhI samAja va dharma ke kAryoM ke sahayogI banA huA hai| paMDita jI isa pUre kuTumba ke mArgadarzaka hai / paMDita jI AcArya kuMdakuMda ke una vacanoM ke anuyAyI haiM jinameM kahA gayA hai ki jo Atmahita meM parahita dekhatA hai, vaha sanmArgI hai aura anukaraNIya hai / unake sAdhuvAda para maiM atyaMta prasanna huuN|

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itihAsa ke pRSThoM se zrImAn bAbA gokulacandrajI bAbA gokulacandrajI eka advitIya tyAgI the| Apa hI ke udyoga me indaura meM udAsInAzrama kI sthApanA haI thii| jaba Apa indaura gaye aura janatA ke samakSa tyAgiyoM kI vartamAna dazA kA citra khIMcA, taba zrImAna sara seTha hukamacandrajI sAhaba ekadama prabhAvita ho gaye aura Apa tInoM bhAiyoM ne dasa-dasa hajAra rupaye dekara tIsa hajAra kI rakama se indaura meM eka udAsInAzrama sthApita kara diyaa| parantu ApakI bhAvanA yaha thI ki zrIkuNDalapura kSetra para zrImahAvIra svAmI ke pAdamUla meM Azrama kI sthApanA honA cAhiye / ataH Apa sivanI, nAgapura, chiMdavAr3A, jabalapura, kaTanI, damoha Adi sthAnoM para gaye aura apanA mantavya prakaTa kiyaa| janatA Apake mantavya se sahamata haI aura usane bAraha hajAra kI Aya se kuNDalapura meM eka udAsInAzrama kI sthApanA kara dii| Apa bahuta hI asAdhAraNa vyakti the| Apake eka suputra bhI thA jo ki Aja prasiddha vidvAnoM ko gaNanA meM hai| usakA nAma zrI paM0 jaganmohanalAlajI zAstrI hai| inake dvArA kaTanI pAThazAlA sAnanda cala rahI hai tathA khuraI gurukula aura varNIgurukula jabalapura ke ye adhiSThAtA haiN| inake liye zrIsiMghaI giradhArIlAlajI apanI dukAna para kucha dravya jamA kara gaye haiN| usI ke vyAja se .. ye apanA nirvAha karate haiN| ye bahuta hI santoSI aura pratibhAzAlI vidvAn haiN| vratI, dayAlu aura vivekI bhI haiN| yadyapi siM0 kanhaiyAlAlajI kA svargavAsa ho gayA hai, phira bhI unakI dukAna ke mAlika ci0 sa0 siM0 dhanyakumAra jayakumAra haiN| ve unheM acchI taraha mAnate haiM aura unake pUrvaja paNDitajI ke viSaya meM jo nirNaya kara gaye the. usakA pUrNarUpa se pAlana karate haiN| vidvAnoM kA sthitIkaraNa kaisA karanA cAhiye, yaha inake parivAra se sIkhA jA sakatA hai / ci0 dhanyakumAra vidyA kA premI hI nahIM, vidyA kA vyasanI bhI hai / yaha AnuSaGgika bAta A gii| maiMne kuNDalapura meM zrI bAbA gokUlacandra jI se prArthanA kI ki 'mahArAja ! mujhe saptamI pratimA kA vrata diijiye| maiMne bahuta dina se niyama kara liyA thA ki maiM saptamI pratimA kA pAlana karUMgA aura yadyapi apane niyama ke anusAra do varSa se usakA pAlana bhI kara rahA hU~, to bhI gurusAkSIpUrvaka vrata lenA ucita hai|" maiM jaba banArasa thA. usa samaya bhI yahI vicAra AyA ki kisI ko sAkSIpUrvaka vrata lenA acchA hai, ataH maiMne zrI bra. zItala prasAda jI lakhanaU ko isa Azaya kA tAra diyA ki Apa zIghra AveM, maiM saptamI pratimA ApakI sAkSI meM lenA cAhatA hai| Apa A gaye aura bole-'dekho, hamArA tumhArA kaI bAtoM meM matabheda hai| yadi kabhI vivAda ho gayA to acchA nhiiN|' hama capa raha gye| hamArA eka mitra motIlAla brahmacArI thA jo kucha dina bAda IDarakA bhaTTAraka ho gayA thaa| usane bhI kahA-'ThIka hai, tuma yahA~ para yaha pratimA na lo| isI meM tumhArA kalyANa hai| hamane mitra kI bAta svIkAra kara unase vrata nahIM liyaa| aba Apa hamAre pUjya haiM tathA Apa meM merI bhakti hai, ataH vrata diijiye|' bAbAjI ne kahA-'acchA Aja hI vrata le lo| prathama to zrI vIraprabhu kI pUjA kro| pazcAt Ao, brata diyA jaavegaa|' __ maiMne Ananda se zrI vIraprabhu kI pUjA kii| anantara bAbAjI ne vidhipUrvaka mujhe saptamI pratimA ke vrata diye| maiMne akhila brahmacAriyoM se icchAkAra kiyA aura yaha nivedana kiyA ki 'maiM alpazaktivAlA kSudra jIva huuN| Apa logoM ke sahavAsa meM isa vrata kA abhyAsa karanA cAhatA hU~ / AzA hai merI nana prArthanA para Apa logoM kI anukampA hogii| maiM yathAzakti Apa logoM kI sevA karane meM sannaddha rhuuNgaa|' sabane harSa prakaTa kiyA aura unake samparka meM Ananda se kAla jAne lgaa| [varNI jIvanagAthA-1 se sAbhAra

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samAja kI paramopakArI sacetana nidhi bra0 paM0 maNikacandra cavare kAraMjA, mahArASTra vigata pacAsa varSoM se maiM paMDita jI kI vedAga iMsAniyata se atyanta prabhAvita huuN| maiMne unameM samIcIna sAtvika daSTi, kalyANa bhAvanA, Thosa tAtvika jJAna, anekAneka samRddha anubhava aura nirAmaya amRtopama dhArAvAhI rasavatI pratipAdanA kA sAkSAtkAra pAyA hai| isa lAbha ko devadurlabha kahA jAya, to atyukti nahIM hogii| unakI pIyUSavANI mujhe aneka jagaha sunane ko milii| vaha vAcA nahIM, unakI AtmA hai, sahaja hai| isakA mUla hai-nispRha kalyANa bhAvanA, tanmayatA aura vicAroM kA jAgRta saMtulana / pUjya gurudeva samaMtabhadra jI mahArAja ne kharaI cAturmAsa ke samaya unake daza-dharma-pravacana sunakara kahA thA, "paMDita jI vAstava meM samAja kI adabhata sacetana nidhi hai"| pUjya gurudeva ne ina zabdoM dvArA apanA hRdaya prakaTa kiyA hai| paMDita devakInandana jI ne bhI apane jIvana ke antima dinoM meM ThIka hI Adeza diyA thA, "maiM rahU~ yA na rahU~, merI jagaha paMDita jaganmohana lAla jI ko samajhakara unakI hI salAha se niHsaMkoca kAma karate rhnaa"| hamAre gurukula kI aneka jaTila samasyAyeM unake hI samucita mArgadarzana se sulajha skiiN| mujhe unakA ananya sAdhAraNa bhrAtR-vatsala sneha akhaMDarUpa se prApta hai| paMDita jI ke vyaktitva kI garimA ke liye eka udAharaNa kAphI hogaa| khuraI gurukula ke adhiSThAtA pada ke live pUjya samaMtabhadra jI mahArAja ne pUrI yukti-prayukti ke sAtha paMDita jI kA nAma sujhaayaa| parantu unhoMne na kevala ise asvIkRta hI kiyA, apitu merA hI nAma prastAvita kara diyA / Ayu, vidvattA, sevA, tyAga-tapasyA meM paMDita jI kI zreSThatA aura mere niSedha ke bAvajUda bhI ananyagatikatA meM mujhe adhiSThAtA banane ke liye bAdhya honA pdd'aa| ve upa-adhiSThAtA hI bane rhe| sahaja hI rAmakathA kA smaraNa ho aayaa| bharata ne bhI to rAma jI ke caraNoM ko virAjamAna kara unhIM ke nAma se rAjakAja kiyA thaa| tela-battI jalatI hai aura nAma diye kA hotA hai| paMDita jI kI kalama bhI vANI kI taraha prabhAvaka hai| unake prakAzita lekha tathA 'prAkkathana' yathArtha dRSTidAna karane meM samartha evaM svayaM pUrNa haiM / ve 'gAgara meM sAgara' bharate haiN| unakI sabhI kRtiyA~ lokAdaratA prApta haiN| Apake 'adhyAtma amRta kalaza' ke pArAyaNa se bAhubalI vidyApITha ke adhyakSa nAnAsAhaba AMdekara jI eDavokeTa ke jIvana meM Aye parivartana ko kahate hue ve kabhI nahIM aghAte / eka atRpta bhAvanA khuraI gurukula meM mAnastaMbha pratiSThA ke samaya Apake sudIrgha bhASaNa se mujhe paravAra sabhA kA spaSTa itihAsa jJAta huaa| taba se merI yaha bhAvanA hai ki yadi gaNezaprasAda varNI jaisI jIvana gAthA paMDita jI bhI likheM, to samAja kA kitanA lAbha hogA ? aise saiddhAntika, sAMskRtika, sAmAjika evaM sArvajanika saikar3oM viSaya evaM prasaMga haiM jinameM paMDita jI kI alaukika dRSTi, pratibhA evaM sAmayika sUjhabUjha se lokottama ghaTanAyeM huI haiN| inameM aneka prasaMga to aitihAsika mahatva ke haiN| kucha prakaraNoM kI ora maiM saMketa denA cAhatA hUM : (i) khAniyA carcA ke pUrva apara pakSa ke vidvAnoM se carcA /

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114 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha (ii) sonagar3ha meM A0 kAnajI svAmI se prathama bheMTa ke samaya prApta mUlagrAhI saMketa / (iii) AcArya vidyAsAgara jI ko samAdhi-parAnmukha karane meM Agamika evaM tAtkAlika upAna / (iv) A0 yAntisAgara jI, A. sUryasAgara jI. budhasAgara jI, bAbA varNI jI, nirvANasAgara jI va pUjya samaMtabhadra jI mahArAja Adi ke saMparkoM kI khaanii| (5) purAtana vidvadvarga evaM zreSThi varga kA sAmAjika-sAhityika yogadAna / (vi) jaina samAja kI vibhinna saMsthAoM kA mUlyAMkana aura mArga nirdeza / (vii) pratiSThA mahotsava, dhArmika mahotsava, sAmAjika utsavoM se sambandhita kaDuve-mIThe saMsmaraNa aura udbodhana / paMDita jI pichale cAra dazaka se samAja kI caturmukhI pravRttiyoM se sambandhita haiN| zrI dhanyakumAra jI siMghaI se merA nivedana hai ki ve paMDita jI ke sAtha eka-do mAha ke liye kisI vyakti ko rakhakara unakI sakriya jIvanI lekhana kA zreyaskara kArya kraaveN| isa citraNa se na kevala jaina samAja kA itihAsa sAmane AvegA, apitu naye kAryakartA bhI lAbhAnvita hoNge| merI kAmanA hai ki Apako cirAyuSatA kA lAbha ho evaM samAja ko unakI paramopakArI chatra-chAyA prApta hotI rhe|

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virATa mahAmAnava si0 dhanyakumAra jaina kaTanI ( ma0pra0) sarala, saumya, saMyama aura sAdagIpUrNa jIvana ke lakSaNa paMDita jI meM prAraMbha se hI dRSTigata hae hai| inake jIvana meM usane pitA ke dhArmika saMskAra paga-paga para pratibiMbita hue haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki ve vidvattA, dharma va samAja ke kSetra meM apanI pratiSThA ajita kara ske| maiM unakI jIvana gAthA kI punarAvRkti nahIM karanA cAhatA, phira bhI unakI kucha mahatvapUrNa prakRti ko nirUpita karanevAlI ghaTanAyeM denA Avazyaka samajhatA huuN| (ka) varaiyAjI ke tIna vara zahaDola ke koyalA-kendra meM janme paMDita jI kI zvetimA meM jaina vidvat evaM sAdhujagata ko dhavalita karane kI kSamatA hai| unakI isa zvetimA kA AbhAsa hamAre bhAI zrI ratanacaMdra ko panAgara kI pratiSThA meM hI ho gayA thA, jaba ve unheM kaTanI le Aye, zikSita kiyA aura jaina zikSA-saMsthA meM apane guru zrI varaiyA jI ke nimna siddhAntoM ke pratipAlana ke anurUpa niyojita kiyA : (1) kisI ke yahAM naukarI nahIM karanA aura na AjIvikA ke liye kisI dayanIya vRtti ko apanAnA / dharma-pracAra, prabhAvanA Adi ke nimitta sabhAoM meM sammilita hone ke liye kisI bhI prakAra kA pArizramika yA vidAI bheMTa svarUpa grahaNa nahIM krnaa| mAlyArpaNa ke atirikta koI vastu na lenaa| (3) udarapoSaNake liye kisI se bhI dhana yA anya vastu kI yAcanA nahIM karanA / svayaM dene para bhI kucha bhI svIkAra nahIM krnaa| ye siddhAnta hI unakI jIvana kI AdhArazilA bane hue haiM / ye unheM varadAna-se siddha hue hai| (kha) niHspRhatA kI vRtti ke kucha udAharaNa sivanI-nivAsI seTha gopAlasAha pUranasAha kAzI meM paMDita jI kI kuzAgratA se bar3e prabhAvita he| ve unheM sivanI Ane kA nimaMtraNa de gaye / jaba ve sivanI gaye, unake AcAra-vicAra va jJAna para mugdha hokara unhoMne paMDita jI ko goda lene kI socii| unake pitAjI ne to unheM sApha likha diyA ki ve apane putra ko siM0 kanhaiyAlAla kaTanIvAloM ko pahale hI sopa cuke haiM / seTha jI ne kaTanI patra diyA / jaba yaha patra unheM batAyA gayA, to unhoMne nimna uttara diyA "dAdA jI, vartamAna meM maiM dharma-zikSA eva sevAkArya se pUrNa sukhI evaM saMtuSTa huuN| ApakA pUrNa Arthika sahayoga hai / mujhe lakSmI-putra banane kI AkAMkSA nahIM hai|" ___isI prakAra, sa0 siM0 kanhaiyAlAla jI ne bhI inheM apanI saMpatti ke uttarAdhikArI banAne kA Agraha kiyA thaa| vinaya aura maryAdA kA dhyAna rakhate hue unhoMne siMghaI jI se nimna bAta kahI, "jo kucha maiM Aja hU~, vaha saba Apake AzIrvAda kA suphala hai| mujhe aba Apa dhana-vaibhava ke baMdhana meM na ddaaliye| maiM jIvanabhara pUtravata hI parivAra kA mArgadarzana evaM saMrakSaNa karatA rhuuNgaa|" eka vAra sAhU zAMtiprasAda jI ne Arthika sahAyatA dekara inheM eka presa kholane kA Agraha kiyA thaa|

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116 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa kintu paMDita jI ne vinamratApUrvaka yaha prastAva asvIkAra kara diyA, "dhanyakumAra jI merI saba AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karate haiN| mujhe kucha AvazyakatA nahIM hai / maiM vartamAna meM sukhI aura saMtuSTa hU~ / " paMDita jI kI isa nispRha vRtti ne unake bhaktoM kI moha liyA / sAhU jI to unase atyaMta hI prabhAvita the / ekavAra unhoMne gopAladAsa varaiyA zatAbdi samAroha meM dillI meM kahA bhI thA : "paMDita jaganmohanalAla jI kI dharma-carcA to hamArI samajha meM AtI hai / anya vidvAnoM ko gUr3ha bAteM hamArI samajha meM nahIM AtI / " varaiyA jI ke vara aura ni:spRha vRtti kA hI yaha phala hai ki unake jJAna - prakAzana kI prakriyA atyaMta prabhAvI hai / ve aneka granthoM ke TIkAkAra ( adhyAtma amRta kalaza, zrAvaka dharma pradIpa, Atma prabodha ), aneka patroM ke saMpAdaka evaM patrakAra rahe haiN| (ga) rASTrIyatA ke bIja mahAtmA gAMdhI kA rASTrIya AMdolana jaba cAlU hone vAlA thA (1921), ve kAzI meM bhASaNa dene Aye the / unakA bhASaNa sunane paMDita jI bhI gaye the / unhoMne gAMdhI jI se pUchA thA, "saMskRta ke vidyArthiyoM ko to parIkSA chor3ane kA prazna hI nahIM hai ?" gAMdhI jI ne kahA thA, "apane dUdha ko ghara meM baiThakara piyo, zarAba kI kalArI meM nahIM / kahIM Apako bhI zarAba kI lata na par3a jAve / " isa para paMDita jI va anya vidyArthiyoM ne sarakArI parIkSAoM kA bahiSkAra kara diyA thA / dUsarA prazna unhoMne khAdI ke saste maMhagepana ke viSaya meM pUchA thaa| gAMdhI jI ne kahA thA, "yadi bAjAra meM roTiyA~ yA anna mahaMgA ho jAve aura mAMsa sastA ho jAve, to kyA Apa mAMsa khAnA cAlU karoge ?" isa lAjabAba tarka ne paMDita jI ko svadezI vastra evaM vastuoM ke upayoga kA vrata dilAyA / ise ve Aja bhI pAla rahe haiM / yahIM se unakA rASTrIya evaM deza sevA kA vrata cAlU huA / paMNDita jI 1925 meM kaTanI kAMgresa kameTI ke sadasya bane aura unhoMne rASTra sevA ke aneka kArya kiye / damoha kAMgresa kameTI kI ora se ve kAnapura kAMgresa adhivezana hetu pratinidhi ke rUpa meM sakriya rUpa se sammilita hue / man 1930 meM 'jaMgala satyAgrahiyoM' ke jela gaye parivAroM ke ghara-ghara jAkara paNDita jI ne anna, vastra kI sahAyatA pahu~cAI / unhoMne una dinoM kAMgresa-buleTina bhI nikAlA / pArivArika evaM dhArmika kAraNoM se ve kAMgresa kameTI ke adhyakSa na bana sake, lekina unakA prabhAva usase kahIM adhika thA / unhoMne apane samaya meM gAMdhI jI kI zikSA nIti ke anusAra jaina zikSA saMsthA meM rASTrIya hindI pAThyakrama calAyA aura carakhA katAI bhI prArambha kii| isase hamArI saMsthA kA bhI rASTrIya caritra banA / Aja bhI paNDita jI meM rASTrIyatA kUTa-kUTa bharI huI hai / apane jIvana ke sandhyAkAla meM bhI ve mAnasika rUpa se pUrNa svastha evaM sajaga haiM / ve pratidina pA~ca-sAta ghanTe taka lagAkara siddhAMta granthoM ke svAdhyAya, ciMtana-manana, paThana-pAThana evaM anuzIlana meM vyasta rahate haiM / mere Upara unakA sadaiva varada hasta rahA hai / mere pitA jI ke svargavAsa ke samaya merI umra kevala pAMca varSa kI thI / mere jIvana ke uSA kAla se hI merI zikSA-dIkSA unake mArga nirdezana meM huI / jIvana ke pratyeka sukha-duHkha, Apada-viSada, saMgharSa - utkarSa meM sadaiva dhUpa chAMva kI taraha unakA sAtha rahA / sadaiva mere pitA tulya abhibhAvaka rahe / unake upakAra se merA uRNa honA kaThina hai / aise tapaHpUta virAT mahAmAnava ke caraNoM meM zatazata praNAma /

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paMDita jI ke vartamAna udgAra 1. dharma dharma ke sambandha meM maiM Azvasta huuN| dharma meM naye vicAroM aura sudhAroM kI koI guMjAiza nahIM / hA~, usake paripAlana meM deza, kAla va paristhitiyoM ke anusAra parivartana sambhava hai| 2. zikSA zikSA ke kSetra meM maiMne saMskRta va dharmazikSA kI saMsthAyeM hI dekhI haiN| para itanA jAnatA hU~ ki binA naitika zikSA ke, binA naitika zikSakoM ke jIvana-sudhAra sambhava nahIM / para donoM kA abhAva hai| samAja ko apane dhana, zrama aura samaya kA viniyoga miDila skUla, hAIskUla yA kAlejoM kI sthApanA meM nahIM karanA caahie| unheM dhArmika zikSaNa saMsthAoM kI, chAtravRtti phaMDo kI, jaina chAtrAvAsa tathA jaina pustakAlayavAcanAlayoM kI sthApanA karanI cAhie / dharmavizeSa kI surakSA evaM saMrakSaNa usake anuyAyiyoM ko karanA hogaa| 3. rAjanIti Ajakala isa deza meM lUTa-kapaTa, corI-ghUsakhorI kI rAjanIti Upara se nIce cala rahI hai| usI kA prabhAva janatA para va navayuvakoM para par3atA hai| yaha avazyambhAvI hai| naitikatA prerita rAjanIti hI deza kA bhalA kara sakatI hai| 4. khAnapAna mAMsa, madirA kA prabhAva hiMsA, jhaTha, ThagaurI Adi ko hI bar3hAvA degaa| AtaMkavAdiyoM dvArA bhArata kI jo vartamAna dazA kI jA rahI hai, vaha inake upayoga se aura bddhegii| inake upayoga se mAnasa bhI tAmasika bnegaa| inheM rASTrIya abhakSya mAnanA cAhiye / 5. sAmAjika saMsthAeM (a) jo vyakti bAra-bAra saMsthAyeM badalatA hai, vaha apratiSThita hotA haiM / jo saMsthAyeM vyaktiyoM ko badalatI rahatI haiM, ve bhI apratiSThita hotI haiM / (va) samAja kI saMsthAoM meM samAja ke loga hI phUTa DAlate haiN| yaha pravRtti acchI nhiiN| isake abhAva meM hI saMsthAyeM samAjahita kreNgii| 6. vidvAn guruvara paMDita devakInandana jI ke anubhava ke AdhAra para maiM bhI kahatA hai ki samAja meM hameM aneka avasaroM para mArgadarzana aura samajhautoM ke lie bulAyA jAtA hai| yadi hama loga vaimanasya tathA samasyA sulajhA bhI dete haiM, to usakI mAnyatA sthAyI nahIM rhtii| ata: vidvAn ko samAja kA kAma taTastha aura nirapekSa bhAva se karanA caahie| samAja vidvAn kI bAta na mAne, to bhI apane pariNAma kalaSita nahIM karanA caahie| kuNDalapura, 20. 8. 1988

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khaNDa 2 dharma-darzana : navayuga

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dhammo maMgalamukkiTU, ahiMsA saMjamo tabo / devA vi taM namassaMti, jassa dhamme sayAmaNo / Namo arihaMtANaM, Namo siddhANaM, Namo AiriyANaM / Namo uvajhAyANaM, Namo loe sambasAhaNaM // // ahamikko khalu suddho||

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sA vidyA yA vimuktaye yuvAcArya mahAprajJa zikSA jagata kA prasiddha sUtra hai-"sA vidyA yA vimuktaye"-vidyA vahI hai jisase mukti sadhe / mukti ke artha ko hamane eka sImA meM bAMdha diyaa| hamane use mokSa ke artha meM dekhaa| mokSa kI bAta bahuta Age kI hai, marane ke bAda kI hai| jisako jIte jI mukti nahIM milatI, usako marane ke bAda bhI mukti nahIM mila sktii| jaba vartamAna kSaNa meM mukti milatI hai to vaha Age bhI mila sakatI hai| jo vartamAna kSaNa meM baMdhA rahatA hai, use Age mukti milegI, aisI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| mukti kA eka vyApaka sandarbha hai / use hameM samajhanA hai| use samajha lene para hamArA dRSTikoNa bahuta kAryakara hogaa| zikSA ke kSetra meM mukti kA pahalA artha hai-ajJAna se mukta honA / ajJAna bahuta bar3A bandhana hai| ajJAna ke kAraNa hI vyakti aneka anartha karatA hai| ise AvaraNa mAnA gayA hai| AvaraNa bandhana hai| zikSA kA pahalA kAma hai-isa bandhana se mukti dilAnA, ajJAna se mukta krnaa| isa pariprekSya meM hama kaheMge-"sA vidyA yA vimuktaye"zikSA vaha hai jo ajJAna se mukta karatI hai| mukti kA dUsarA sandarbha hogA-saMvegoM ke atireka se mukti / AdamI meM saMvega kA atireka hotA hai aura vaha AdamI ko pakaDa letA hai. AsAnI se nahIM chtttaa| jaba taka vyakti vItarAga avasthA ko prApta nahIM ho jAtA taba taka vaha saMvegoM se pUrNarUpeNa chuTakArA nahIM pA sktaa| saMvegoM ke atireka ke kAraNa AdamI na parivAra meM, na samAja meM aura na gA~va meM phiTa ho sakatA hai| vaha dUsaroM ke liye siradarda bana jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM yaha svayaM prApta hotA hai ki zikSA use saMvegoM ke atireka se mukti dilaaye| isakA artha hai ki manuSya meM saMvegoM para niyantraNa karane kI kSamatA baDhe jisase ki saMvegoM kI pracaratA na rhe| ve eka sImA meM A jaayeN| mukti kA tIsarA sandarbha hogA-saMvedoM ke atireka se mukti / indriyoM kI jo saMvedanAeM haiM, unakA atireka bhI samasyAeM paidA karatA hai aura samAja meM aneka ulajhaneM utpanna karatA hai| zikSA kA yaha mahatvapUrNa kArya hai ki vaha saMvedanAoM ke atireka se vyakti ko mukti dilaaye| mukti kA cauthA saMdarbha hogA-dhAraNA aura saMskAra se mukti| vyakti dhAraNAoM aura ajita saMskAroM ke kAraNa duHkha pAtA hai / zikSA kA kArya hai ki vaha inase mukti dilAe / ___ mukti kA pAMcavA saMdarbha hogA-niSedhAtmaka bhAvoM se mukti| vyakti kA negeTiva eTiTyUDa samasyA paidA karatA hai / isase mukta honA bhI bahuta Avazyaka hai| ina pAMca saMdarbho meM mukti ko dekhane para "sA vidyA yA vimuktaye' kA sUtra bahuta spaSTa ho jAtA hai| vAstava meM vidyA vahI hotI hai jo mukti ke lie hotI hai, jisase mukti sadhatI hai| hama kasauTI kareM aura dekheM ki kyA Aja kI

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paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa zikSA se ye pAMcoM saMdarbha saghate haiM ? kyA vAstava meM ajJAna Adi se mukti milatI hai ? yadi ajJAna Adi se mukti milatI hai, to vaha zikSA paripUrNa hai aura yadi nahIM milatI hai, to usameM kucha jor3anA zeSa raha jAtA hai / jIvana-vijJAna kI pUrI kalpanA ina sandarbhoM ke pariprekSya meM kI gaI hai| jina-jina saMdarbhoM meM mukti kI bAta soca sakate haiM, ve bAteM zikSA ke dvArA phalita honI cAhiye / 4 Aja zikSA ke dvArA ajJAna kI mukti avazya hI ho rahI hai / Aja jJAna bar3ha rahA hai, bauddhika vikAsa ho rahA hai | kintu saMvega ke atireka se mukti Adi kI bAteM zikSA se jur3I huI na hoM, aisA pratIta hotA hai| logoM kI dhAraNA yahI hai ki yaha bAta dharma ke kSetra kI hai, zikSA ke kSetra kI nahIM hai / yaha dhAraNA asvAbhAvika bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki dharma kA mUla artha hI hai saMvegoM para niyantraNa pAnA / yaha dharma ke maMca kA kAma honA caahiye| zikSA kSetra kA yaha kArya kyoM honA cAhiye ? aisA socA jA sakatA hai / para vartamAna paristhiti meM dharmaM kI bhI samasyA hai aura vaha yaha hai ki dharma kA sthAna mukhyataH sampradAya ne le liyA | isalie sAmpradAyika vAtAvaraNa meM dharma ke dvArA saMvega niyantraNa kI apekSA rakhanA nirAzA kI bAta hai / socatA hai aura vahA~ se eka sthiti yaha hai ki Aja kA vidyArthI jisa parivAra meM janma letA hai, jahA~ palatA hai, usa parivAra meM jo dhArmika saMskAra hai, jisa sampradAya kI mAnyatA hai, usake samparka meM bhI vaha bahuta kama raha pAtA hai| dina meM vaha itanA vyasta rahatA hai ki uThate-uThate hI vaha vidyAlaya jAne kI bAta lauTane para gRhakArya ( homa varka ) nimagna ho jAtA hai / kabhI-kabhI aisA hotA hai ki eka ghara rahate hue bhI pitA-putra mila nahIM pAte / Aja sAmAjika vAtAvaraNa aura sthitiyA~ hI aisI bana gaI haiN| eka vyakti se maiMne pUchA- kyA tuma kabhI apanI santAna ko zikSA dete ho ? vaha bolA--'mahArAja jI ! maiM subaha derI se uThatA hU~, taba taka lar3akA skUla calA jAtA hai / jaba vaha skUla se meM lauTa kara AtA hai, taba taka maiM Aphisa meM rahatA huuN| jaba maiM derI se ghara lauTatA hU~, subaha jaldI uThakara calA jAtA hai / Amane-sAmane hone kA kabhI avasara hI nahIM AtA kucha bAta kara lete haiM, aura samApta' / / aise vAtAvaraNa meM dharma ke dvArA bacce ko kucha mila sakegA, aisI sambhAvanA nahIM kI jA sakatI / isa sthiti meM bAlaka kA nirmANa zikSA se jur3a jAtA hai / ataH hameM socanA hogA ki zikSA ke sAtha kucha aise tattva aura jur3ane cAhie, jinase baccoM ke saMskAroM kA nirmANa ho aura use vaha maukA bhI mile ki vaha apane saMvegoM aura saMvedanAoM kA pariSkAra bhI kara sake / Aja donoM kAmoM ko eka hI maMca se karanA hogaa| baccoM kA nirmANa bhI ho aura saMskAra - pariSkAra bhI ho / zikSA ke kSetra se ye donoM kAma ho sakate haiN| isa dRSTi se zikSA jagat kA dAyitva doharA ho jAtA hai / yaha bahuta bar3A dAyitva hai / 'phero' ne bahuta bar3I bAta kahI hai - 'vartamAna vidyAlaya vyakti ko sAkSara banAte haiM, zikSita nahIM banAte / ' sAkSara banAnA eka bAta hai aura zikSita karanA dUsarI bAta hai / Aja kI sAkSaratA bhI kucha bhramavaza smRti aura buddhi ko aisI ho gaI hai ki usakI tulanA kampyUTara yA TeparikArDara se kI jA sakatI hai / hamane eka mAna liyA hai| smRti aura buddhi eka nahIM hai| kampyUTara meM itanI tIvra smRtiyA~ niyojita haiM ki AdamI usake sAmane kucha bhI nahIM hai, bahuta choTA hai| Aja kA yuga kampyUTara kA hotA jA rahA hai| sUcanAoM, jJAna aura AMkar3oM kA sambandha smRti se hai / TeparikArDara sArI bAta duharA detA hai / taba taka vaha so jAtA hai aura kevala ravivAra ko milate haiM, zikSA kA kAma kevala smRti ko bar3hAnA hI nahIM; kevala AMkar3oM se mastiSka ko bharanA hI nahIM hai, sAkSaratA lA denA hI usakA kAma nahIM hai, usakA kAma bhAvoM kA pariSkAra bhI / isI se vyakti meM svatantra nirNaya, svatantracintana aura dAyitva bodha kI kSamatA vikasita hotI hai / yaha tabhI sambhava hai ki zikSA kevala sAkSaratAbhimukha na rahe / usameM kucha aura bhI jur3e /

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2) sA vidyA yA vimuktaye 5 saMvega aura saMveda -ye do mahatvapUrNa tattva haiM, kyoMki vartamAna meM jo sAmayika samasyAeM haiM, ve sArI ina do tattvoM ke sAtha jur3I huI hai / jo zikSA praNAlI vidyArthI ko samAja kI vartamAna samasyAoM ke sandarbha meM kucha kArya karane kI preraNA nahIM detI, vaha zikSA praNAlI bahuta kAma kI nahIM hotii| "phero" ne ThIka hI likhA-"sAkSara vyakti kevala sarakAra kA iMdhana banatA hai|" Aja kI zikSA Idhana mAtra taiyAra kara rahI hai, jyoti taiyAra nahIM krtii| jyoti aura iMdhana eka bAta nahIM hai / iMdhana taiyAra karanA bahuta bar3I bAta nahIM hai / bar3I bAta hai-jyoti prajvalita krnaa| Aja samUce vizva meM bahuta krAMtadRSTi se socA jA rahA hai ki zikSA meM kyA parivartana honA cAhie / jisa zikSA se samAja meM, vyavasthAoM meM parivartana nahIM AtA, saMkaTa kama nahIM hotA, usa zikSA ko bhAratIya darzana meM azikSA aura jJAna ko ajJAna mAnA hai| bhArata kI pratyeka dharma-paramparA kA yaha svara samAnarUpa se milegA ki jisase saMyama kI zakti aura tyAga kI zakti nahIM bar3hatI, vaha jJAna ajJAna hai| jisameM tyAga aura saMyama nahIM hai, vaha paMDita nahIM, apaMDita hai| jana granthoM meM 'bAla' aura 'paMDita'-- ye do zabda pracalita haiM / bAla tIna prakAra ke hote haiN| eka bAla hotA hai avasthA se, dUsarA bAla hotA hai ajJAna se aura tIsarA bAla hotA hai asaMyama se| jisameM tyAga kI kSamatA nahIM hai, vaha sattara varSa kA ho jAne para bhI 'bAla' kahA jAyegA / jisameM tyAga kI kSamatA hai, asvIkAra kI kSamatA hai, balidAna kI kSamatA hai, vaha cAhe bIsa varSa kA hI ho, phira bhI paMDita kahA jAegA, bAla nahIM kahA jaaegaa| gotA meM paMDita use kahA hai jisake sAre samArambha vajita ho gae hai / jaina Agama sUtrakRtAMga meM eka carcA ke prasaMga meM prazna rakhA gayA hai ki 'bAla' aura 'paMDita' kise kahA jAe ? sUtrakAra ne uttara diyA - 'aviraI paDucca bAlotti Aha, viraiM paDucca paMDieti Aha'-jisameM avirati hai, apanI icchAoM para niyantraNa karane ko kSamatA hai, vaha paMDita hai| icchA prANImAtra kA asAdhAraNa guNa hai, viziSTa guNa hai / jisameM icchA nahIM hotI, vaha prANI nahIM hotaa| ., yaha prANI aura aprANI kI bheda-rekhA hai / manuSya meM icchA paidA hotI hai / icchA paidA honA eka bAta hai aura kisa icchA ko svIkAra karanA, kisa icchA ko asvIkAra karanA, yaha kAMTa-chA~Ta manuSya hI kara sakatA hai| anya prANI aisA nahIM kara sakate / manuSya kI viveka cetanA jAgRta hotI hai, isalie vaha icchA ko kAMTa-chAMTa kara sakatA hai / hara icchA ko svIkAra nahIM karatA / yadi vaha pratyeka icchA ko svIkAra karatA cale, to sAro vyavasthA gar3abar3A jAtI hai / eka sundara makAna dekhA, kisakI icchA nahIM hogI ki maiM isa makAna meM rahaM ? icchA ho sakatI hai| rAste meM khar3I sundara kAra ko dekhA, kauna nahIM cAhegA ki maiM isameM savArI kruuN| icchA ho sakatI hai| pratyeka ramaNIya sundara aura manorama vastu ke lie vyakti kI icchA ho sakatI hai| para vaha yaha socakara icchA ko amAnya kara detA hai ki yaha mero sImA kI bAta nahIM / yaha hai viveka-cetanA kA kAma / ___ zikSA kA kAma hai ki vaha manuSya manuSya meM viveka cetanA ko jgaae| isase saMvega niyantraNa aura saMvedanAoM tathA AvegoM para niyantraNa karane kI kSamatA paidA hotI hai|

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jainadharma : prAcInatA kA gaurava aura navInatA kI AzA svAmI satyabhakta satyAzrama, vardhA saMsAra meM dharma kA uddezya yaha hai ki manuSya ke vyaktigata aura sAmUhika sukha bar3he aura dukha kama hoN| pAralaukika sukha ke liye dharma nahIM hotaa| isakI kalpanA to isaliye kI jAtI hai ki isakI AzA se manuSya isI jIvana ko sukhI banAne ke liye Avazyaka kartavya karatA rhe| jainadharma kA yahI utkRSTa dhyeya hai / jaina mAnyatAnusAra, prAcIna kAla meM saMsAra bhoga-bhUmi thA / dasa kalpavRkSa usake jIvana kI sArI AvazyakatAyeM kSaNamAtra meM pUrNa karate the / pati-patnI jIvana bhara Ananda se rahate the| usa samaya dAmpatya prema hI dharma thaa| brata, upavAsa, devapUjA, gurupUjA Adi dhArmika kriyAyeM nahIM thii| phira bhI, pratyeka dampati marakara devagati meM jAtA thaa| isa tathya se yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki yadi kisI ko satAyA na jAve, saMgharSa na kiyA jAve, to premapUrNa AnandI jIvana bitAne se sadgati prApta hotI hai| isa sthiti meM dhArmika kriyAkANDa yA sAdhu-saMsthA kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| jaba samAja meM saMgharSa aura dukha bar3hate haiM, taba ye Avazyaka ho jAte haiN| inheM dUra karane ke liye dharma hotA hai| isaliye dharma mukhyataH isI loka ke liye hai| paraloka to usakA AnuSaMgika phala hai| kisAna ko khetI karane para anna ke sAtha bhUsA bhI anivAryataH milatA hai| para usakA uddezya to anna hI hotA hai| phira bhI vaha bhUsA upayogI hotA hai aura use vaha chor3atA nahIM hai| isI prakAra dharma bhI isI janma kI samasyAyeM hala karatA hai| isase yadi paraloka kA phala bhI bhUse kI taraha AnuSaMgikata: mile, to use chor3anA kyoM cAhiye? dharma kI AvazyakatA karmabhUmi meM ho hotI hai, bhogabhUmi meM nhiiN| ... jainadharma kA avataraNa karma bhUmi kI aneka vyaktigata aura sAmAjika samasyAoM ke samAdhAna hetu huA thaa| mAnava kalyANa ke liye isakA yogadAna asAdhAraNa hai, gauravapUrNa hai| vartamAna yuga meM isakA gaurava tabhI akSuNNa banA raha sakatA hai jaba isameM samucita rUpAntaraNa evaM dhAraNAtmaka samanvayata kiyA jaave| yaha prakriyA hI isake svarNima bhaviSya kI AzA hai| jainadharma ke prAcIna gaurava kI gAthA mahAvIra ke yuga meM hiMsA, pazuvadha, yajJa aura kriyAkANDoM kA jora thaa| unake pUrvavartI yuga meM kRSi kA samucita vikAsa nahIM ho pAyA thA aura pazuoM kI bahulatA se kRSi kI rakSA bhI eka samasyA thii| mAnava ne sambhavataH apanI evaM kRSi kI rakSA ke liye pazuvadha evaM mAMsamakSaNa prArambha kiyA hogaa| isase pazuoM meM kamI hone lagI aura kRSi utpAdana bar3hane lgaa| phalata; mahAvIra ke yuga meM annotpAdana bar3hane se pazuvadha anAvazyaka ho gayA aura unheM ahiMsA ke sandeza ke liye anukUla sAmAjika paristhiti milii| mahAvIra ne isa paristhiti kA lAbha lekara ahiMsA kA itanI dRr3hatA, sUkSmatA evaM vyApakatA ke sAtha upadeza diyA ki vizva meM Aja taka unake samAna ahiMsA

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2] jainadharma : prAcInatA kA gaurava aura navInatA kI AzA 7 kA udghoSaka nahIM huA hai / Aja ke yuga ko bar3hatI zAkAhAra pravRtti aura mAMsAhAra-nivRtti kI ruci mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI lokapriyatA evaM vaijJAnikatA kI pratIka hai| buddha kI ahiMsA mahAvIra se kApho poMche thii| loga mahAdeva ko pazupatinAtha kahate haiN| para sacce pazupati to mahAvIra hI hai, jinakI kRpA se hajAroM varSoM se karor3oM pazuoM ko abhaya milA huA hai / ahiMsA kA jIvanavyApI upadeza mahAvIra ke asAdhAraNa sAhasa kA pariNAma mAnanA cAhiye / ahiMsA ke samAna anekAnta kA dArzanika dRSTikoNa bhI unakI eka asAdhAraNa dena hai| isase dvandvAtmakatA dUra kara bauddhika samanvaya dRSTi prApta huii| vastutaH vyavahAra meM to anekAnta Adima kAla se hI hai, para vyavahAra kI samajha kA upayoga dArzanika kSetra meM pracalita nahIM thA / mahAvIra ne yaha kamo dUra kara saMsAra kA ananta upakAra kiyA hai| mahAvIra ne zrama, sama aura svAvalambana ke tIna sakAroM kA upadeza dekara batAyA ki bhakti, doSasvIkRti yA kriyAkANDa se dukha dUra nahIM hotaa| apane kiye hue karmoM kA phala avazya hI bhoganA par3atA hai| mahAvIra ne bhI apane tripRSThanArAyaNa ke bhava meM kiye gaye anyAya kA phala aneka bhavoM taka bhogaa| karmaphala kI yaha anivAryatA manuSya ko karmaparAyaNatA ke liye prerita karatI hai| bhakti Adi se karmaparAyaNatA zithila ho, yaha unheM bilakula pasanda nahIM thaa| isIliye ve nirIzvaravAdI bane, prakRtivAdI bane / jar3a prakRti bhakti Adi se kaise prasanna ho sakatI hai ? unakA karmabAda manovaijJAnika rUpa se jIvana ko samunnata karane ke liye AzakiraNa pramANita huA hai| yaha bhI bhAratIya saMskRti ko unakI asAdhAraNa dena hai / mahAvIra ke yuga meM AlaMkArika bhASA meM kahI bAtoM ko loga abhidheya artha meM mAnane the| hanumAna ko bandara, rAvaNa Adi ko pahAr3a ke samAna mAnyatAoM se jIvana kI saMgati nahIM baiThatI thii| mahAvIra ne isa asagati ko dUra karane kA prayatna kiyaa| hanumAna ko vAnaravaMzI manuSya batAyA tathA rAvaNAdi ko rAkSasavaMzI nirUpita kiyaa| unake zarIrAdi avazya Aja ko tulanA meM vizAla the| mahAvIra kI tulanA meM bhI paryApta vizAla the| isa paurANika asaMgati ko unhoMne kAla kI avasarpiNI evaM utsarpiNI bheda ko mAnyatA se tarkasaMgata bnaayaa| unhoMne kAlacakra kI anAdianaMtatA prastuta kara AlaMkArika tatvoM ko bodhagamya banAne meM asAdhAraNa yogadAna kiyaa| mahAvIra mAnava-mAtra kI samatA ke pracAraka the| ve jAtibheda evaM U~canIca kA bheda nahIM mAnate the| isIliye harikezI cAMDAla aura kezizramaNa ke udAharaNa jaina zAstroM meM Ate haiN| unake anusAra, mAnava jAti eka hai, janmanA eka hai, karmaNA yA deza-kAlagata bheda vyAvahArika haiM / unake kAryoM meM utparivartana sadaiva saMbhava hai| mahilAoM kA gaurava baDhAne meM mahAvIra agraNI siddha hue| jaba buddha mahilAoM ko sAdhvI hI banAne ko taiyAra na the, taba mahAvIra ne caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA kara unako puruSoM ke samakakSa mahatva diyaa| zvetAMbara paramparA to unheM arhat pada para bhI pratiSThita karatI hai| sAdhviyoM ko vaMdanIyatA ke sambandha meM pracalita vicAradhArA buddhadharma se anuprANita lagatI hai| yaha mahAvIra ke upadezoM se mela nahIM khaataa| merA sujhAva hai ki jaina sAdhu-saMgha ko isa bhUla meM sudhAra kara lenA cAhiye / bhAratIya darzanoM meM mahAvIra yuga meM 363 matavAda pracalita the| inameM se anekoM meM sthAna pAne evaM avasthA parivartana ke liye AkAza evaM kAla dravyoM kI mAnyatA rahI hai| isa AdhAra para mahAvIra ke dhyAna meM AyA ki calanA aura sthira honA bhI padArthoM ke svabhAva haiN| ina kAryoM ke liye bhI pRthak dravya hone cAhiye / etadarya unhoMne dharma aura adharma dravya kI mAnyatA prastuta kii| yaha unakA anUThA, gahana dArzanika cintana thaa| yaha nyUTana ke yuga taka apUrva mAnA jAtA rhaa| vaijJAnika yuga meM inheM pahale jar3atA ke siddhAnta se sahasambandhita kiyA gayA, phira Ithara aura gurutvazakti

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8 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa se unakI samakakSatA mAnI gii| para sApekSatAvAda ne isa pakSa meM paryApta cintana dizA badala dI hai| phira bhI, tatkAlIna yuga meM mahAvIra kI yaha mAnyatA unakI maulika aura asAdhAraNa dena thii| jaina dharma meM sarvajJatA kI bar3I mAnyatA hai / maiMne pAyA hai ki isa zabda ke cAra artha diye gaye haiM : (1) 'je ega jANai, te sabbaM jANai' ke anusAra jo AtmA ko jAnatA hai, vaha sabako jAnatA hai| AtmadarzI sarvajJa hotA hai| jaina zAstroM meM aisI kathAyeM haiM ki eka sAdhAraNa jJAnI bhI thor3e hI samaya meM ahaMta ho gayA / yahA~ arhata kI sarvajJatA AtmajJatA hI hai / vastutaH yahI vyApaka dRSTi hai / (2) somadeva ne 'lokavyavahArajJo hi sarvajJaH' kahA hai| isake anusAra, yuga kI mahatvapUrNa samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kA spaSTa aura vyApaka jJAna hI sarvajJatA hai / yaha artha vAstavika, vyAvahArika evaM yuga-pracalita hai / indrabhUti Adi mahAvIra se vAdavivAda karate samaya inhIM zabdoM meM socate haiM ki hama sarvajJa haiM yA mahAvIra ? isa dRSTi se mahAvIra sacamuca sarvajJa the / (3) sarvajJatA kA eka anya artha hai / vizva kI kisI bhI vastu yA ghaTanA ke jJAna kI kSamatA / nyAya-vaizeSika aise jJAnI ko yuMjAna yogI kahate haiM / sarvajJatA kA yaha alaukika artha hai / adhikAMza paurANika ghaTanAoM meM yahI artha pracalita rahA hai| aise sarvajJa hone kA dAvA mahAvIra ko bhI kabhI-kabhI karanA par3atA thaa| paraloka aura pUrvajanma para vizvAsa karAne ke liye yaha Avazyaka thaa| eka bAra unase dIkSina sAdhU saMghastha ho apane nagara meM aayaa| mikSA kI anumati dete samaya mahAvIra ne usase kahA, "Aja tumheM apane mAM ke hAtha se bhikSA milegii|" para usakI mAM to use pahacAna taka na sakI, bhikSA kI to bAta hI kyA ? mArga meM eka gvAlana ne use mikSA dii| usakA vivaraNa sunakara aura apane Upara avizvAsa ke saMkaTa ko dekhate hue mahAvIra ne usase kahA, "gvAlina pUrvajanma meM tumhArI mAM hI thii|" jagat kalyANa ke liye kabhI kabhI mahAvIra ko aisA atathya-satya kahanA par3atA thaa| isase satya-vrata bhaMga nahIM hotA, kyoMki isameM asaMyama nahIM hai| satya mahAvratI to chaThe guNasthAna meM ho jAtA hai| para asatya manoyoga aura vacana yoga bArahaveM ( yA terahaveM ? ) guNasthAna taka rahate haiN| isase yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki asatya vacana yoga se satya mahAvrata bhaMga nahIM hotaa| (4) sarvajJatA kI cauthI paribhASA sarvakAla evaM sarvaloka kI sabhI paryAyoM ke yugapat pratyakSa ke rUpa meM mAnI jAtI hai| yaha parama alaukika paribhASA hai aura mujhe asaMbhava lagatI hai| merA sujhAva hai ki vaijJAnika yuga ke dRSTikoNa se prArambha kI do paribhASAyeM tathyapUrNa, tarkasaMgata evaM satya ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanI cAhiye / kucha jaina mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA jaina granthoM meM varNita vizva racanA Aja kI ATha hajAra mIla vyAsa kI gola pRthvI kI mAnyatA se asaMgata lagatI hai| isa pRthvI para lAkhoM karor3oM mIla ke dvIpa-samudra kI bAta hAsyAspada hai| jaina loga isa bAta kI carcA meM bagale jhAMkane lagate haiN| para isa asamaMjasa meM rahane kI jarUrata nahIM hai| hameM nirbhayatA se sApha zabdoM meM kahanA cAhiye ki ye bhautika vivaraNa dharmazAstra ke aMga nahIM haiN| dharma to 'cArittaM khalu dhammo' hai| vizva racanA to kevala karmaphala jatAne ke liye udAharaNa hai| tatvArtha zraddhAna samyak darzana hai| jaba vizva racanA kA vivecana tatvarUpa nahIM hai, to vaha kyA saccA yA kyA jhUThA ? isa vivaraNa se dharma kA khaMDana nahIM hotaa| satya bolanA to taba bhI dharma hai, jaba pRthvI capaTI hai aura taba bhI dharma hai, jaba pRthvI gola hai| dUsare, bhUgola-khagola sambandhI mAnyatAoM ko aitihAsika sandarbha meM lemA cAhiye, dhArmika sandarbha meM nhiiN| aisI sthiti meM Aja kI mAnyatAoM ke Aloka meM unakI samocInatA parakhI jA sakatI hai aura vaijJAnika pragati ko mUlyAMkita kiyA jA sakatA hai|

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ka seTha riSabhakumAra dvArA satanA meM paNDitajI kA svAgata, 1974 vIra nirvANa bhAratI puraskAra ke avasara para paNDitajI, sAhU (sva0) zAMti prasAdajI baiThe haiM paNDita kailAzacandra zAstrI abhinandaca samAroha ke avasara para paNDitajI, dillI, 1980

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jaina zikSA saMsthA, kaTanI meM chAtroM ke bIca paNDitajo (1959) kAraMjA gurukula meM paNDitajI www.jairnelibrary.org

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jainadharma : prAcInatA kA gaurava aura navInatA kI AzA 9 ___ bhArata meM AryoM kA itihAsa lagabhaga chaH hajAra varSa kA hai| ataH lAkhoM-karor3oM varSoM kA varNana nirAdhAra pratIta hotA hai / caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA itihAsa bhI isa dRSTi se tathyapUrNa nahIM lgtaa| yaha varNana itihAsa-jJAna ke liye nahIM, jaina dharma kI upayogitA batAne ke liye thA / jainadharma ne mahAvIra ko dharmakara nahIM kahA, tIrthakara kahA kyoMki ahiMsA, satyAdi dharma koI nahIM sthApita karatA / eka varma meM eka hI tIrthaMkara hotA hai, anya arahaMta, jina, sarvajJa Adi hote haiM / phira bhI, janoM ko caubIsa tIrthakara mAnane par3e / isakA uddezya bhI aitihAsika na hokara upayogitA evaM mahatva pradarzana rahA hai| mahAvIra se eka zraddhAlu ne pUchA, "kyA Apake binA hamArA uddhAra na hogA?'' isa prazna ke donoM prakAra ke uttara parezAnI meM DAlane vAle pratIta hue| ataH unheM kahanA par3A, "hamAre dharma ke binA tumhArA uddhAra na hogaa| abhI taka jinakA uddhAra huA, vaha jaina dharma se hI huaa| maiM to antima tIrthakara hU~, mere pahile teIsa aura ho gaye haiN|" vastuta yaha tathya nahIM hai, upayogitAvAdI catura dRSTikoNa hai / amerikI lekhaka imarasana mAnatA hai ki pratyeka saMsthA usake saMsthApaka ke jIvana kI chAyA hotI hai| jaina dharma bhI mahAvIra ke jIvana kI chAyA hai, unhoMne jo kahA, use jIvana meM utArA / unakI prakRti sahiSNutA pradhAna thI, ve pratikAra kI upekSA karate the| vastutaH, rAjamArga yaha hai ki yathAzakya pratikAra kiyA jaave| phira bhI, jo raha jAve, use sahana kiyA jAve / jaina dharma meM pratikAra aura sahiSNutA ke bIca samanvaya nitAnta Avazyaka hai| Adhunika yuga ke liye jaina dharma kI AzAvAdI rUparekhA jaina dharma ke prati vizeSa anurAga hone se maiMne barasoM pUrva jaina mata ko vijJAna-samanvita banAne aura usake kAyAkalpa kI icchA se 'jaina dharma mImAMsA' nAmaka grantha likhA thaa| isakA uddezya thA ki jaina dharma isa yuga meM bhI mAnava ke liye adhikAdhika kalyANakArI bana sake aura usake akalyANakArI aMza dUra kiye jaaveN| jaina dharma meM navInatA ko grahaNa karane kI kSamatA hai, kyoMki vaha parIkSApradhAnI hai| isa dRSTi se maiM jaina dharma meM nimna dhAraNAoM ke samAharaNa kA sujhAva denA cAhatA hU~ : (a) dharma kA lakSya isI loka ko adhikAdhika sukhI banAne kI ora rahe, paraloka kA lakSya gauNa mAnA jAve / (ba) vizva racanA tathA dravyavarNana ko aitihAsika pariprekSya meM mAnakara unake prayoga evaM vijJAna sammata rUpa kA samAharaNa kiyA jaave| (sa) sarvajJatA kI vyAvahArika evaM vAstavika paribhASA mAnya kI jAve, alaukikatA ko prerita karane vAlI paribhASA AlaMkArika hai| (da) mahAvIra ne digaMbaratva ko sAdhutA evaM AtmavikAsa kA uttama sopAna batAyA thaa| para ise anivArya nahIM mAnanA cAhiye / pIchI-kamaMDalu ke samAna sacelatA bhI sAdhutA meM bAdhaka nahIM mAnI jAnI cAhiye / (ya) jainoM ke tInoM sampradAyoM meM samanvaya evaM sudhAra honA cAhiye / digaMbaratva ko anivAryatA ne jaina dharma ko bahuta anudAra banA diyA hai| sAtvika azana-pAna, pochI-kamaMDalu, zAstra-parigraha evaM alpacelatA meM bhI sAdhutA raha sakatI hai / saMpradAya-vyAmoha kA tyAga honA cAhiye / zvetAMbara mandiroM kI mUrtiyAM mahAvIra ke dharma kI viDambanA haiM / unheM digambara-vezI rakhane meM hI garimA hai / sthAnakavAsI yA tAraNapaMtha muslima sattA ke prabhAva kI upaja hai| aba yuga badala gayA hai|

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10 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa mUrti pUjA ke liye nahIM, preraNA ke liye hotI hai| ataH mandiroM meM, sthAnakoM meM isa dRSTikoNa se mUrtiyAM rakhanA sAmayika mAMga kI pUrti hI hogii| (ra) sAdhvI ke apamAna yA avaMdanIyatA kA siddhAnta jaina dharma se mela nahIM khaataa| naranArI samabhAva ke AdhAra para saMgha meM anuzAsana rakhanA cAhiye / (la) jana-jana meM pracAra ko dRSTi se paidala vihAra kA mAdhyama sarvazreSTha hai, para Aja ke gatizIla yuga meM, viziSTa kAraNa aura avasaroM ( upasarga kI AzaMkA, dharma pracAra Adi) para zIghragAmI vAhanoM ke upayoga ko svIkRti milanI cAhiye / (va) mukti aura siddhazilA mAne yA na mAneM, para mokSa puruSArtha ko mAnyatA avazya rahanI cAhiye / mahAvIra kA jIvana isIliye mahatvapUrNa hai| duHkha kI paristhiti meM bhI sukha kA strota bhItara se bahAnA aura sukhAnubhUti hI vaha mokSa puruSArtha hai jisakA upadeza mahAvIra ne diyA hai| (za) jaMna dharma ko adhika prAcIna siddha karane kA prayatna nahIM karanA cAhiye / vartamAna tIrtha to mahAvIra ne pracalita kiyaa| usameM pArzva dharma kA bhI samanvaya kiyA gayA aura unheM bhI tIrthakara mAna liyA gyaa| phalataH aba pArzva ke dharma kA koI pRthak astitva nahIM rahA / vartamAna jaina dharma mahAvIra kI hI dena hai / (Sa) jana sampradAya jAtibheda nahIM maantaa| jinasenAcArya ke samaya se kucha digambara granthoM meM isakA samAharaNa huA hai| dakSiNa meM madhyayuga meM aneka jainetara saMskAra apanAne pdd'e| aba inako AvazyakatA nahIM hai| inheM aba prakSipta mAnanA cAhiye / (sa) jaina tIrthakara ko Izvara ke samAna guNavAlA mAnakara jainadharma kA mUla ho vikRta kara diyA gayA hai / unake kalyANakoM kI alaukikatA bhI prabhAvakatA kA poSaNamAtra hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se inakA kahIM ullekha nahIM miltaa| nirIzvaravAdI evaM prakRtivAdI jainadharma meM IzvaravAda kA parokSa rAjya vaijJAnika yuga meM usake gaurava ko hI kama karatA hai / aise vivaraNoM ko upekSaNIya mAna lenA cAhiye / (ha) jainoM kA mUla siddhAnta "yuktimat vacanaM yasya, tamya kAryaH parigrahaH" hai| isa AdhAra para jaina niSpakSa vicAraka hotA hai| usameM andhazraddhA kA honA eka kalaMka hai| ina dhAraNAoM ke samAharaNa evaM kriyAnvayana se jainoM ke mAnava-kalyANa kA kSetra vyApaka hogA aura eka naI udAra dRSTi prApta hogii| asatya jAnate hae bho purAnI bAtoM se cipake rahanA kamo svapara-kalyANaka uparokta naI dRSTi apanAne se janmanA jainadharma ke prati anurAga aura bddh'egaa| usakA pUrAnA vaibhava bhI prakAzita hotA rahegA aura naye yuga meM vaha sampradAya vihIna rUpa dhAraNa kara bhAratIya saMskRti kI ujjvalatA ko vizva meM prasArita kregaa|

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zramaNa saMskRti kA virAT dRSTikoNa saubhAgyamala jaina eDavokeTa zujAlapura ( ma0pra0) zramaNa saMskRti ke virAT dRSTikoNa para vicAra karane ke pUrva 'saMskRti' zabda para vicAra kara lenA jarUrI hai| mere alpamata meM dharma aura saMskRti eka hI sikke ke do pahalU haiN| koI saMskRti dharma rahita ho yA koI dharma saMskRti rahita ho, yaha asambhava hai| jaba maiM "dharma" zabda kA prayoga karatA hU~, to merA tAtparya sArvakAlika, sArvabhauma, dhArmika tattvoM se hai, jo dezakAla se pare hai| koI dharma asaMskRta ho, yaha sambhava nahIM hai / paM. javAharalAla neharU ne "saMskRti" zabda para kaI vidvAnoM ke mata ko uddhRta kara apanA mata vyakta kiyA thA ki "saMskRti" mana, AcAra, ruciyoM kA pariSkAra yA zuddhi hai| yaha sabhyatA kA bhItara se prakAzita ho uThanA hai| bhArata kI saMskRti sAmAjika tathA samanvayazIla rahI hai|' isI prakAra "dharma ane saMskRti" kI prastAvanA ( sampAdaka kI kalama se ) meM vibhinna vidvAnoM, dArzanikoM ke mata kA ullekha karake yaha niSkarSa nikAlA gayA hai ki saMskRti vahI mAnI jAnI cAhiye, jahA~ dharma, darzana, kalA kA astitva ho / Akhira, dharma bhI manuSya ke mana ko pariSkRta karake usake AcAra tathA ruci ko susaMskRta banAtA hai / bhArata meM prAg aitihAsika kAla se do saMskRtiyoM kA astitva rahA hai : 1. zramaNa saMskRti aura 2. brAhmaNa saMskRti / "zramaNa" zabda meM zrama nihita hai| aisI saMskRti, jisameM mAnava jIvana ke uccatama zikhara taka ko zrama ke dvArA prAta kiyA jA sake, kisI kI kRpA ke AdhAra para yA yAcanA karake nhiiN| isake atirikta, zramaNa zabda ke garbha meM 1. zrama, 2. sama, 3. zama, bhAvanAeM vidyamAna haiN| ina tInoM kA darzana zramaNa saMskRti meM hotA hai| brAhmaNa saMskRti kA netRtva vaidika brAhmaNoM ke pAsa thaa| yaha adhikatara tatkAlIna rAjAoM, dhanika varga se rAjasUya yajJa ( hiMsApUrNa) karAkara devoM kI prasannatA prApta karane kA mArga batAtI thii| isa paramparA meM veda svataH pramANa the / veda ko apramANita kahane vAlA nAstika mAnA jAtA thaa| zramaNa saMskRti parIkSA pradhAna thii| veda ko svataH pramANa mAnane se iMkAra karatI thI tathA svayaM ke kRta karmoM ke bala para hI usakA kalyANa yA akalyANa ho sakatA hai, yaha mAnatI thii| tyAga, tapa Adi para bala detI thii| zramaNa saMskRti kA netRtva kSatriya logoM ke pAsa thA, jisakA / kSetra pUrvI bhArata thaa| yaha pRthak bAta hai ki Age calakara donoM saMskRtiyoM meM sAmaMjasya biThAne kA kucha prayatna samanvayazIla manISiyoM ne kiyA, jo kucha sImA taka AdAna-pradAna ke mArga para claa| isa deza kI donoM saMskRtiyoM ke mahattvapUrNa binduoM para jo mata bhinnatA rahI hai, usakA kucha saMketa AcArya narendradeva ne apanI eka pustaka kI prastAvanA meM kiyA hai, jisase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki "brAhmaNa saMskRti" se bhinna eka saMskRti prAga vaidikakAla se hI vidyamAna thI, jisameM mukhyataH ahiMsA mUlaka nirAmiSa AhAra, vicAra, sahiSNutA, anekAntavAda evaM muni paramparA kA prAbalya thA / 1. saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya, dinakara, pR0 5-6 / 2. dharma ane saMskRti, prastAvanA, pR0 10 / / 3. bhAratIya saMskRti kA vikAsa ( vaidikadhArA), DaoN0 maMgaladeva zAstrI, prastAvanA /

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12 paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa vartamAna meM zramaNa saMskRti ke do mahatvapUrNa ghaTaka mAne jAte haiM-1. jaina aura 2. bauddha / ina donoM ke upAsya tIrthakara athavA arhat kSAtrakulotpanna the| pUrvI bhArata meM kSatriyoM ke netRtva vAlI saMskRti ahiMsA tathA vicAra sahiSNutA para AdhArita rahI hai| jaina paramparA vartamAna kAlacakra meM tIrthaMkara RSabha deva se isa paramparA kA prArambha mAnatI hai / unake pazcAt 23 tIrthakara aura hue / 21 veM naminAtha, 22 veM ariSTa nemi aura 23 veM pArzvanAtha tathA 24 veM vardhamAna mahAvIra the| tAtparya yaha hai ki pArzvanAtha tathA vardhamAna to usa mahattvapUrNa saMskRti ko antima kar3I the, jo tothaMkara RSama deva ne prArambha kI thii| jJAta itihAsa ne ina donoM tIrthaMkaroM ko aitihAsika mAnA hai| usake pUrvakAla taka hamAre itihAsavid vidvAnoM kI pahuMca nahIM ho sakI hai| kintu kevala isI kAraNa unake astitva ke sambandha meM zaMkA nahIM kI jA sktii| kAraNa yaha hai ki hamAre deza ke prAcIna sAhitya meM pracura mAtrA meM sAmagrI milatI hai, jisapara avizvAsa karane kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai : 1. tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva antima kulakara yA manu "nAmi" ke putra the, jinakA ullekha vedoM tathA zrImadbhAgavata ke paMcama skandha meM atyanta zraddhA ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai / unako parama yogI, parama avadhUta mAnakara unako prazaMsA kI gayI hai| 2. tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva, ajitanAtha evaM 22 veM tIrthaMkara ariSTa nemi kA ullekha yajurveda meM bhI milatA hai| 3. tIrthaMkara ariSTa nemi yAdavoM kI eka zAkhA meM janme tathA pazu hiMsA ke dRzya se vyAkula hokara virakta hue tathA tapasyA karake giranAra parvata ( urjayantagirI ) para nirvANa ko prApta hue| saurASTra ( jahA~ giranAra parvata hai ) meM gau tathA pazuzAlA ( piMjarApola ) kA astitva ariSTa nemi (neminAtha ) kI virakti ke kAraNa ko jyotita karatI hai|" 4. tIrthaMkara ariSTa nemi, vAsudeva kRSNa ke cacere bhAI the / vaidika paramparA meM RSi AMgirasa ne kRSNa ko Atma yajJa kI zikSA dI / eka mata yaha hai ki AMgirasa, tIrthaMkara ariSTa nemi kA hI apara nAma thaa| upadeza kI * mUla bhAvanA se anumAna hotA haiM ki vaha eka jaina muni kA diyA huA upadeza ho / 5. bhAratIya sAhitya ke prAcIna grantha Rgveda ( 10.13.6.2. ) meM muni kI eka vizeSa zAkhA vAtarazanA tathA unakI vRttiyoM kA jikra hai / yaha vizeSaNa, anAsakti mauna Adi AdhyAtmika vRtti ke dhanI tapasviyoM kA hai| vedottara kAlIna vaidika paramparA meM bhI ye muni pUrvavat sammAnita the| taittirIya AraNyaka ( 1.2.6.7.), tathA padmapurANa ( 6. 212) ke anusAra tapa kA nAma hI zreya hai| yaha jJAtavya hai ki vAtarazanA, jaina paramparA ke liye paricita nAma hai, jaisA jinasahastra nAma meM ullekha AtA hai| 6. anumAna hai ki taittirIya AraNyaka kAla meM, vyavahAra meM RSi tathA muni zabda paryAyavAcI hote jA rahe the| kahIM vAtarazanA zramaNa muni ke lie RSi tathA vaidika gRhasthAzramo RSi ke lie muni zabda kA prayoga milatA hai| yaha samanvaya buddhi kA pariNAma jJAta hotA hai / vaidika paramparA meM bhI prArimbhaka Azrama 4. bhAratIya darzana, DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan, bhAga-1, pR0 264 / 5. prAga-aitihAsika jaina paramparA, DaoN0 dharmacanda jaina, pR0 5 / 6. bhAratIya saMskRti evaM ahiMsA, dharmAnanda kosAmbI, pR0 68 / 7. prAg-aitihAsika jaina paramparA, DaoN. dharmacanda jaina, pR. 7, 9 /

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zramaNa saMskRti kA virAT dRSTikoNa 13 vyavasthA ke bAda vAnaprastha tathA saMnyAsa Azrama kI vyavasthA kI gii| pariNAma svarUpa donoM zabdo meM ekatva sthApita huA / ' 7. jahA~ Rgveda meM devatA ko smRtiyAM haiM, vahIM upaniSadoM meM mAnava mana ke bhItara uThane vAle praznoM para carcA kI gaI hai| aisA lagatA hai ki jaba vaidika paramparA tathA zramaNa-paramparA ke manISI nikaTa baiThakara carcA karate the, adhyAtma pradhAna praznoM kA samAdhAna khojate the, usa samaya kA sAhitya upaniSad haiM / veda vihita ( hiMsApUrNa yajJoM ) ko upaniSada kAla meM Atma paraka banA liyA gyaa|' 8. rAjA janaka ( videha ) kI sabhA meM RSi, brAhmaNa kumAra-saba Atma-vidyA kA upadeza lene sammilita hote the / mahArAja janaka kSatriya the / anumAna to yaha hai ki janaka nAma nahIM thA / vastutaH janaka kA zabdArtha pitA hotA hai| jaina Agama uttarAdhyayana meM videharAja rAjarSi kA ullekha hai| usameM jo saMvAda brAhmaNa veza meM upasthita indra tathA nami meM huA hai, usase lagatA hai ki nami hI janaka thA yA nami ke vaMza meM ho janaka thaa| yaha zodha kA viSaya hai| 9. svargIya saMta binobAjI ne apane dvArA vyAkhyAyita "viSNu sahastranAma" pustaka ke anta meM "avirodha sAdhaka" zIrSaka se yaha pratipAdita kiyA hai ki viSNu ke 1000 nAma meM "vardhamAna mahAvIra" kA nAma bhI hai (pRSTha 389 ) anumAna hai ina 1000 nAmoM meM viSNu kA nAma eka "jina" bho hai / 10. yogavAziSTha ( saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjA kutuba, varelI se prakAzita ) prathama khaNDa ke "vairAgya prakaraNa" ( 15 vAM sarga ) meM eka zloka hai, jisakA tAtparya hai ki maiM rAma nahIM hU~, na merI koI icchA ( vAJchA ) hai / maiM "jina' kI taraha apanI AtmA meM zAnti cAhatA huuN|| nAhaM rAmo name vAJchAH na ca me bhAveSu manaH / zAMtimAsthitumicchAmi, svAtmanyeva jino yathA // 6 // tAtparya yaha hai ki zramaNa paramparA isa deza meM prAg aitihAsika kAla se vidyamAna thii| unameM vibhinna yugoM meM tIrthakara avatarita hue hai jaisA ki Upara likhA jA cukA hai| pArzvanAtha aura vardhamAna mahAvIra kI aitihAsikatA to vivAda se pare hai| zramaNa paramparA kA jo sAhitya Aja upalabdha hai, usake lihAja se yaha binA saMkoca kahA jA sakatA hai ki zramaNa saMskRti kA dRSTikoNa sadaiva vizAla rahA hai| tIrthakara mahAvIra ke yuga meM vaidika paramparA meM saMskRta kA prAbalya thaa| ise ucca varga meM somita kara diyA gayA thaa| "strIzUdI nAdhIyAtAm"-strI tathA zudroM ko veda ke paThana kA adhikAra nahIM hai / jahA~ aisI sthiti thI, vahA~ tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne tatkAlIna pracalita jana bhASA magadha tathA nikaTavartI sthAnoM kI janabolI kA mizra rUpa "arddha-mAgadhI" apanA kara, jana sAmAnya taka apane sandeza ko phNcaayaa| isa prakAra se bhASA ke kSetra meM eka aiso krAMti huI jisase saMskRta kA garva samApta ho gyaa| kevala itanA hI nahIM, tIrthakara mahAvIra saMgha ke dvAra abhijAtya varga se lekara nimna tathA nimnatama varga ke vyakti ke liye khulA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki unake saMgha meM cADAla taka muni ke rUpa meM dIkSita hue / unako vahI ucca sthiti prApta thI, jo abhijAtya varga vyakti ke liye thii| usa samaya saMgha meM samAja kA pratyeka tabakA sammilata hotA tathA unake upadezoM ko AtmasAt 8. vahI, pR0 9, 10 / 9. upaniSadoM kI bhUmikA, DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana, pR0 49 /

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14 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha karake apane kalyANa kA mArga prazasta karatA thA / zramaNa saMskRti ke dRSTikoNa ko virATatA ko, isa prArambhika paricaya ke pazcAt, udAharaNa rUpa meM nimnalikhita binduoM se isa niSkarSa para pahuMcA jA sakatA hai ki yaha saMskRti deza-kAla se pare samasta prANI jagat kI unnati ke liye prayatnazIla thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki uttara kAla meM isa saMskRti kA pracAra-prasAra videzoM meM huaa| 1. jaina paramparA meM "namaskAra maMtra" atyanta pavitra mAnA jAtA hai, jisameM guNoM ke AdhAra para arahata, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya tathA sAdhujana ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai. kisI vyakti vizeSa ko nhiiN| yahI nahIM, apitu antima pada "sAdhu" zabda meM "loka ke samasta sAdhujana" ko ArAdhya mAnakara namana kiyA gayA hai| kevala isa deza ke hI nahIM, deza-videza ( samasta loka ) ke samasta sAdhujana isameM abhipreta hai / sAtha hI liMga, veza, jAti, deza se pare yaha vyavasthA hai, kintu usameM sAdhutA anivArya hai| 2. mAnava jAti kA antima lakSya niHzreyasa kI prApti hai| isake liye pratyeka dharma ke manISI, tatva-ciMtakoM ne mAnava jAti kA patha pradarzana kiyA hai| usako kisI vizeSa dharma yA sampradAya kA anuyAyI yA dIkSita honA jarUrI nahIM hai| isa sArvabhauma siddhAnta ke anusAra, jaina dharma meM mAnya siddha avasthA ko ( antima lakSya) pratyeka vyakti prApta kara sakatA hai| pandraha prakAra se siddha hote haiM, unameM svaliMga (jaina dharma meM mAnya paramparA ), anya liMga ( anya dharmoM meM mAnya paramparA ), tIrtha siddha ( jaina dharma kA anuyAyI ), atIrthasiddha (jisane jaina dharma ko aMgIkAra nahIM kiyA ) usa paramparA ke veza meM bhI vaha siddha ho sakatA hai| vastutaH jaba AtmA rAga-dveSa se rahita zuddha avasthA para pahuMca jAtI hai, taba siddha avasthA meM sthita ho jAtI hai / 3. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke pramukha ziSya ( gaNadhara ) indrabhUti gautama the / ve pUrva meM veda evaM vaidika sAhitya ke manISI, marmajJa prakANDa vidvAna the| tIrthakara mahAvIra se zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna pAkara ve dIkSita ho jAte haiM / indrabhUti tIrthakara mahAvIra ke vizAla saMgha ke prathama gaNadhara the| 4. RSibhASita ( riSibhAsiyAI ) zramaNa-paramparA kA eka viziSTa grantha hai| isameM jaina darzana ke tatva ciMtaka, vaidika darzana ke RSi, paribAjaka tathA bauddha bhikSuoM ke AdhyAtmika upadeza saMgrahIta haiN| yaha grantha isa deza kI triveNI ke rUpa meM ( jaina, bauddha, vaidika dhArA ) samanvaya kA saMdezavAhaka tathA sAmpradAyika vyAmoha ke pAza ko tor3ane ke lie mArgadarzana karatA hai| AdhyAtmika upadeza cAhe kisI paramparA ke ho, vareNya haiM aura AtmA ko unnata avasthA taka ke jAne meM sahAyaka hote haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki zramaNa saMskRti ke Adi puraskartA RSabhadeva kA anuyAyI aMbaDa parivrAjaka bhI thaa|'deg saMkSepa yaha hai ki zramaNa saMskRti ke manISI AcAryoM ne isa dizA meM jaina darzana dvArA mAnya anekAnta dRSTi se bhinna-bhinna matavAdoM meM sAmanjasya karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| naya (sApekSa siddhAnta ) kI nIMva para khar3A anekAnta yA syAdvAda samanvayazIla rahA hai / vaise jitane vacanapatha hai, utane naya hai|" isake lie eka udAharaNa paryApta hogaa| mahAna AcArya haribhadrasUri ne 'zAstravArtAsamuccaya' meM sAMkhya darzana tathA usake praNetA kapila muni ke sambandha meM kahA thA: 10. risibhASiyAI suttaM, saMpAdaka manoharamunijI, pR0 18, 19 / 11. SaDadarzana samuccaya, saM0 zrI vijayajambUsUri, vIra saMvat 2476 /

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2 ] zramaNa saMskRti kA virAT dRSTikoNa 15 jisa prakAra amUrta AtmA ke sAtha mUrtayogoM mana, vacana, kAyA kA amUrta AkAza ke sAtha mUrta ghaTakA, amUrta jJAna ke sAtha mUrta madirA kA sambandha ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra sAMkhya kA prakRtivAda ghaTita ho sakatA hai | kapilamuni divya jJAnI the, ataH vaha pUrNataH asatya kaise kahate ?12 "mUrtayA'dhyAtmano yogo ghaTena nabhato yathA / upaghAtAdi bhAvasya jJAna syeva surAdinA / evaM prakRti vAdo'pi vijJeyaM satya eva hi / kapilostatva rucena divyo hisa mahAmuniH // yaha hai - bhinna vicAra ke prati sahiSNutA / Avazyaka hai ki manuSya kI cittavRtti nirmala, niSkaluSa, kaSAyarahita samyaka dRSTi se sampanna ho, to vaha virodha meM bhI avirodha kA darzana kara letA hai / isI kAraNa usakA dRSTikoNa vizAla rahA hai / mahAna yogI AnandadhanajI ne eka spaSTa bAta kahI hai : rAma kaho, rahamAna kaho, koI kAnha kahI mahAdeva rI / pArasanAtha kaho, koU brahma, sakala brahma svameva rI // bhAjana bheda kahAvata vidha nAnA, eka mRtikA rUpa tese khaNDa kalpanA Aropita, Apa akhaNDa svarUpa kintu yaha kama Azcarya kA viSaya nahIM hai ki itane udAra tathA samanvayazIla zrI saMgha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kucha zatAbdiyoM ke pazcAt sacela tathA acela ke nAma para vizRMkhalatA prArambha huii| yaha to sarvamAnya hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra nipaTa digambara the / sacelatva kA pakSadhara zvetAmbara sampradAya acelatva kI prazaMsA karatA hai, kintu apavAdika sthiti meM vastra ke upayoga (sImita mAtrA tathA pratikUla paristhiti meM) ko munidharma ke viparIta nahIM mAnatA / acelatva ke Agraha ke kAraNa digambara ko strI mukti kA niSedha karanA par3A / sarvamAnya sthiti yaha hai ki karmabandhana tathA usase muktatA kA sIdhA sambandha AtmA se hai / AtmA apane mUla svarUpa meM na to puruSa hai, na strI / karma se muktatA kaSAya kI anupasthiti para nirbhara hotI hai / zarIra paryAya se usakA sambandha nahIM hai| kisI bhavya jIva ke kevalya prApti ke pazcAt bhI usakI AtmA zarIra meM rahatI hai / guNa sthAna ke krama meM ( terahavA~ guNa sthAna ) sayoga kevalI kahA jAtA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki usa kevalI ko mana, vacana, kAyA kA yoga prApta hai aura vaha kriyAzIla hai kintu usake rAgadveSa, mUlataH naSTa ho cuke hai, anAsakta bhAva se caramasImA ) jIvana vyatIta karatA hai, isa kAraNa use karmabandhana, nahIM hotA / vyAvahArika tathA vijJAna kI dRSTi se bhI dekheM, to jaba taka zarIra hai, use zarIra nirvAha ke Avazyaka hotA hai / yadi hama gahana ciMtana kareM to yaha spaSTa hogA ki uparokta bindu aise nahIM the donoM paramparAoM meM vaicArika samanvaya nahIM ho sakatA thA / ( liye bhojana lenA ki jisake kAraNa rI / rI // yadi hama itihAsa kI dRSTi se dekheM, to IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM isa sAMpradAyika abhiniveza meM samanvaya ke sAdhaka eka saMgha kA udaya huA jise "yApanIya saMgha" kahA gayA / zvetAmbara paraMparA ko mAnyatA se acelatva- sacelatva kA vivAda vIra nirvANa se 609 varSa pazcAt ( 82 IsavI meM ) tathA digambara paraMparA kI mAnyatA ke anusAra I0 saM0 79 meM huA / digambara zvetAmbara saMgha bheda ke 60-70 varSaM pazcAt hI ( I0 saM0 248 meM ) yApanIya saMgha kA 12. " zramaNa " vArANasI, agasta, 1983, 'sarvadharma samabhAva aura syAdvAda', lekhaka subhASamuni /

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paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa prAdurbhAva huA / '3 isa saMgha kA astitva IsA kI 15 vIM yA 16 vIM zatAbdI taka rhaa| 14 isa saMgha kI 'kucha mAnyatAyeM zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya tathA kucha digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya thIM / yApanIya saMgha kA sAhitya paryApta hai aura yaha sAhitya isa saMgha bheda ke mUla kA patA lagAne tathA donoM paramparAoM ko jor3ane vAlA sAhitya hai / 15 aisA pratIta hotA hai ki 70 varSa meM ho samanvayazIla mastiSka saMgha bheda ke kAraNa vyathi thA tathA khAI ko pATane jaisA vicAra usake mastiSka meM hiloreM le rahA thA, jisake kAraNa yApanIya ( aparanAma ApulIya yA goSya saMgha ) saMgha astitva meM A gayA / lagabhaga 16vIM zatAbdI meM isa saMgha kA lopa ho gayA / kAraNoM ke sambandha meM nizcita kucha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isake pazcAt kA itihAsa to donoM paramparAoM ke AMtarika vidroha tathA vizRMkhalatA kA itihAsa hai / zvetAmbara paramparA meM lokAzAha kI paramparA tathA usake pazcAt sthAnakavAsI teraha paMtha kA udaya huA / achUtI nahIM rahI / sva0 tAraNasvAmI kA tAraNa paMtha svargIya zrI kAnajI svAmI tathA svargIya paramparA bhI calI / tAtparya yaha hai ki jaina saMgha kI zakti kA vibhAjana hotA rahA / 16 jaina saMgha kI isa vizRMkhala pradhAna pravRtti ko dekhakara bar3e duHkhI hRdaya se mahAna adhyAtmayogI zrI AnandaghanajI ne eka pada kahA thA, jasakA artha hai ki gaccha meM bahuta bheda prabheda apanI A~kha se dekhate hue tatva carcA karate hue lajjA nahIM AtI ? kaliyuga meM durAgrahoM se grasta hokara apanI bhUkha ( vaiyaktika pUjA-pratiSThA kI tRSNA ) miTAne ke liye prayatnazIla / tAtparya yaha hai ki vaiyatika bhUkha ko saiddhAntika jAmA pahanAkara zrI saMgha meM vizRMkhalatA lAI gaI hai| hamArA jaina samAja jAti, sampradAya, Adi vibhinna prakAra se vizRMkhalita hai / hama anekAMta tathA syAdvAda kI prazaMsA ke gIta gAve hue bhI pUre ekAMtavAdI ho gaye haiN| pUre jaina samAja meM koI aisA prAmANika samanvayazIla, anekAMtika vicAradhArA kA pakSadhara ( jisakI vANI tathA karma meM sAmya hai ) mahApuruSa nahIM hai jo isa vizRMkhalita jaina samAja meM ekatA kA vAtAvaraNa nirmANa karake sazakta akhila jaina samAja ko astitva meM lAne kI kSamatA se sampanna ho| isa nirAzAjanaka sthiti meM mI maiM nirAza nahIM hUM / merA vizvAsa hai ki kAla niravadhi hai, pRthvI vipula hai| koI kAlajayI mahApuruSa avazya isa mahAna kArya ko saMpanna karegA / upasyante tu mAM samAna dharmA, kAlo niravadhiH vipulA ca pRthvI // 13. jaina sAhitya tathA itihAsa, le0 sva0 nAthUrAmajI premI, pR056, 1956 // 14. vahI pR0 564 15. vahI pR0 58 / digambara paramparA bhI zrI rAyacanda bhAI kI

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jainadharma meM ahiMsA DaoN0 zrIraMjana sUrideva paTanA (bihAra ) ahiMsA jainadharma kI AdhArazilA hai| jaina cintakoM ne ahiMsA ke viSaya meM jitanI gambhIra sUkSmekSikA se vicAravizleSaNa kiyA hai, utanI sUkSma dRSTi se kadAcit hI kisI anya sampradAya ke vicArakoM ne cintana kiyA ho / jainoM kI ahiMsA kA kSetra bar3A vyApaka hai / unake anusAra ahiMsA bAhya aura Antarika donoM rUpoM meM sambhava hai / bAhya rUpa se kisI jIva ko mana, vacana aura zarIra se kisI prakAra kI hAni yA pIr3A nahIM pahu~cAnA tathA usakA dila na duHkhAnA ahiMsA hai, to Antarika rUpa se rAga-dveSa ke pariNAmoM se nivRtta hokara sAmyabhAva meM sthita honA ahiMsA hai / bAhya ahiMsA vyAvahArika ahiMsA hai, to Antarika ahiMsA nizcayAtmaka ahiMsA / isa dRSTi se vyAvahArika rUpa se jIva ko AghAta pahu~cAnA yadi hiMsA hai, to AghAta pahu~cAne kA mAnasika nizcaya yA saMkalpa karanA mI hiMsA hI hai / vastutaH antarmana meM rAga-dveSa ke pariNAmoM se nivRttipUrvaka samatA kI bhAvanA jabataka nahIM AtI, taba taka ahiMsA sambhava nahIM hai / isa prakAra ativyApaka rUpa meM satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, aparigraha Adi sabhI sadguNa ahiMsA meM hI samAhita haiM / kula milAkara ahiMsA hI jainadharma kI mUladhurI hai aura isIlie jaina dArzanikoM ne ahiMsA ko parama dharmaM kahA hai / vyAvahArika dRSTi se yadi dekheM, to jala, sthala, AkAza Adi meM sarvatra hI kSudrAtikSudra jIvoM kI avasthiti hai, isalie bAhya rUpa meM pUrNata: ahiMsA kA pAlana sambhava nahIM hai; parantu antarmana meM samatA kI bhAvanA rahe aura bAhyarUpa meM pUrNa yatnAcAra ke pAlana meM pramAda na kiyA jAya, to bAhyajIvoM kI hiMsA hone para mI soddezya hiMsA kI manaHsthiti ke abhAva ke kAraNa sAdhaka yA zrAvaka manuSya ahiMsaka banA hI rahatA hai| isa prakAra jainoM ke "ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra", "kArtikeyAnupekSA" Adi AcAra granthoM ke pariprekSya meM vizleSaNa karane se spaSTa hotA hai ki ahiMsA mukhyataH do prakAra kI hai : sthUla ahiMsA aura sUkSma ahiMsA / trasa jIvoM arthAt apanI rakSA ke lie svayaM calane-phirane vAle ( yAnI kITa-pataMga aura pazu-pakSI se manuSya taka ) do indriyoM se pA~ca indriyoM taka ke jalacara, thalacara aura khecara jIvoM kI hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhiye aura akAraNa ekendriya, arthAt banaspatikAyika jIvoM kI bhI hisA yAnI per3oM ko kATanA yA unakI DAliyoM aura pattoM ko tor3anA Adi kArya bhI nahIM karanA cAhiye / yaha sthUla ahiMsAvrata hai / phira, jo zrAvaka manuSya jIvoM ke prati dayApUrNa vyavahAra karatA hai, sabhI jIvoM ko Atmavat mAnatA hai aura apanI nindA karatA huA dUsare prANI ko kaSTa nahIM pahu~cAtA hai tathA mana, vacana aura zarIra se sajIvoM kI na svayaM hiMsA karatA hai, na dUsaroM se karAtA hai aura na dUsare ke dvArA kA anumodana karatA hai, vaha sUkSma ahiMsA arthAt ahiMsANuvrata kA pAlana karane vAlA kahA gayA hai| bhAvena jIvoM kI rakSA karanA hI ahiMsA vrata hai / kI jAnevAlI hiMsA isa prakAra sarvato - Adya jaina cintaka AcArya umAvAti ne 'tattvArthasUtra' ( 714 ) meM ahiMsAvrata ke pAlana ke lie sAdhanasvarUpa pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai : bacanagupti, manogupti, IryAsamiti AdAnanikSepaNa samiti aura AlokitapAna 3

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18 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa bhojana / ina bhAvanAoM kA artha moTe taura para leM, to hiMsA se bacane ke nimitta vacana ke vyavahAra meM satarka rahanA yA pramAda na karanA hI vacanagupti hai, mana meM hiMsA ko bhAvanA yA saMkalpa ko utpanna na hone denA manogupti hai, calane-phiraneuThane-baiThane Adi meM jIvahiMsA na ho, yAnI jova ko kaSTa na pahu~ce, isakA dhyAna rakhanA IryAsamiti hai, kisI vastu ko uThAne-rakhane meM jIvahiMsA se bacanA AdAna-nikSepaNa samiti hai aura nirIkSaNa karake bhojana-pAna grahaNa karanA AlokitapAna bhojana hai| isase spaSTa hai ki rAga, dveSa, pramAda Adi se sarvathA rahita hone kI sthiti hI ahiMsAtmaka sthiti hai| 'sarvArthaziddhi' (7/22/363/10 ) meM kahA gayA hai ki mana meM rAga Adi kA utpanna honA hisA hai aura na utpanna honA ahiMsA aura phira, 'dhavalApustaka' ( 14/5,6,93/5/10 ) ke lekhaka ne kahA hai-jo pramAdarahita hai, vaha ahiMsaka hai aura jo pramAdayukta hai, vaha sadA ke lie hiMsaka hai isalie dharma ko ahiMsAlakSaNAtmaka ('paramAtma prakAzaTIkA', 2/68 ) kahA gayA hai aura ahiMsA jIvoM ke zuddha bhAvoM ke binA sambhava nahIM hai / AtmarakSA kI dRSTi se bhI anya prANiyoM kI ahiMsA ke dharma kA pAlana atyAvazyaka hai / jo AtmarakSaka nahIM hotA, vaha pararakSaka kyA hogA? 'Atmopamyena bhUteSu dayA kurvanti sAdhava' jaisI nIti ke samarthaka sarvajIvadayAparAyaNa bhAratIya nItikAroM kI 'AtmAnaM satataM rakSet' kI avadhAraNA isI ahiMsA-siddhAnta para Azrita hai / "jJAnArNava" (8/32) meM ahisA jaganmAtA kI zreNI meM parigaNita hai| isa grantha meM jaganmAtA ke vimala vyaktitva se vimaNDita ahiMsA ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai : ahiMseva jgnmaataahisevaanndpddhtiH| ahiMseva gatiH sAdhvI zrIrahisaiva zAzvatI // arthAt ahiMsA hI jagat kI mAtA hai kyoki vaha samasta jIvoM kA paripAlana karatI hai| ahiMsA hI Ananda kA mArga hai / ahiMsA hI uttamagati hai aura zAzvatI, yAnI kamo kSaya na hone vAlI lakSmI hai / isa prakAra, jagat meM jitane uttamottama guNa haiM, ve saba isa ahiMsA meM samAhita haiM / isIlie to 'amitagati zrAvakAcAra' ( 11/5 ) meM kahA gayA hai ki jo eka jIva ko rakSA karatA hai, usakI barAbarI parvatoM sahita svarNamayI pRthvI ko dAna karane vAlA bhI nahIM kara sktaa| 'bhAvapAhur3a' ( To0 134/283 ) meM to ahiMsA ko sarvArthadAyinI cintAmaNi kI upamA dI gaI hai / cintAmaNi jisa prakAra sabhI prakAra ke artha kI siddhi pradAna karatI hai, usI prakAra jIvadayA ke dvArA sakala dhArmika kriyAoM ke phala kI prApti ho jAtI hai / itanA hI nahIM, AyuSya, saubhAgya, dhana, sundara rUpa, kotti Adi saba kucha eka ahiMsAvata ke mAhAtmya se hI prApta ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra janazAstra meM ahiMsA ko pracura mahattA kA varNana upalabdha hotA hai, jisakA sAratattva yahI hai ki ahiMsAvata ke pAlana ke nimitta mAvazuddhi aura Atmazuddhi ke binA rAga dveSa aura pramAda kA vinAza sambhava nahIM hai, athaca ina donoM ke vinAza ke binA ahiMsAvata kA pAlana asambhava hai| jainazAstra meM hiMsA ke cAra prakAra mAne gaye haiM-saMkalpI, udyogI, AraMmmI aura virodhii| akAraNa saMkalpajanya pramAda se kI jAne vAlI hisA saMkalpI hai| bhojana Adi banAne, ghara kI saphAI Adi karane jaise gharelU kAryoM meM hone vAlI hiMsA ArambhI hai, jisakI tulanA brAhmaNa-paramparA kI smRti meM varNita paMcasUcanA doSa se kI jA sakatI hai| artha kamAne ke nimitta kiye jAne vAle vyApAra-dhandhe meM hone vAlI hiMsA udyogI hai aura apane AzritoM athavA deza kI rakSA ke lie yuddha Adi meM kI jAne vAlI hiMsA virodhI hai| ina cAra prakAra kI hiMsAoM meM sarvAdhika khataranAka saMkalpI

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jainadharma meM ahiMsA 19 hiMsA hai / yahI hiMsA zeSa tIna prakAra kI hiMsAoM kA mUla kAraNa hai / saMkalpI hiMsA kA mana meM utpanna honA hI bhISaNa se bhISaNatara narasaMhAra kI ghaTanAoM kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| manuSya ke mana meM jaba hiMsA kA saMkalpa udita hotA hai, taba vaha nirantara aprazasta dhyAna yAnI AtadhyAna aura raudradhyAna meM rahatA hai| raudradhyAnI yA ArtadhyAnI manuSya sadaiva asatya kA Azraya letA hai aura asatya vacana bolane vAlA nizcita rUpa se hiMsaka hotA hai| jaina zAstra meM satya aura asatya ke pariprekSya meM hiMsA aura ahiMsA para bhI bar3I sUkSmatA se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jara ho. vaisA hI kahanA, arthAta yathAkathana hI satyakathana kA sAmAnya lakSaNa hai| "mahAbhArata" meM vyAsadeva ne kahA hai : 'yallokahitatyantaM tatsatyamiti naH zrutam / ' isakA tAtparya hai, jo adhika se adhika lokahitasAdhaka hai, vahI satya hai| spaSTa hai ki loka kA hita hisA se aura usakA ahita hiMsA se jur3A ha adhyAtmamArga meM 'sva' aura 'para' donoM ke lie ahiMsA anivArya hai| Atmagata yA paragata rUpa meM ahiMsA-dharma ke pAlana ke krama meM satyakathana ke nimitta vacanagupti, arthAt hita aura mitavacana kA prayoga Avazyaka hotA hai aura yahI hita aura mitavacana satyavacana hotA hai| kabhI-kabhI aisI sthiti bhI A jAtI hai ki ahiMsA ke lie 'kathaMcit asatya' bhI bolanA par3atA hai| aura, nItikAroM kA kathana hai ki 'priya satya' bolanA cAhie, 'apriya satya' nahIM / to, yaha eka prakAra kI dvividhA kI sthiti ho jAtI hai| kintu, jo jJAnI yA moharahita puruSa hote haiM, ve isa dvividhA kI sthiti ko bar3I nipuNatA se sambhAla lete haiN| eka kahAnI hai ki eka bAra, vyAdha ke bANa se Ahata mRga AtmarakSA ke lie kisI muni ke Azrama meM jAkara chipa gayA / vyAdha, usakA pIchA karatA huA Azrama meM pahu~cA aura muni se usane pUchA ki Apane mere zikAra ( mRga ) ko dekhA hai| muni apane mana meM socane lage : 'yadi maiM saca kaha detA hU~, to eka nirIha jIva kI hiMsA ho jAyagI aura jhUTha bolatA hU~, to mithyAbhASaNa kA doSI ho jaauuNgaa| anta meM yathArtha kathana kI eka yukti nikAlI aura vyAdha se kahA : yaH pazyati na sa te yo brUte sa na pazyati / aho vyAdha svakAryAthin ki pRcchasi punaH punaH // arthAt, jo ( netra ) dekhatA hai, vaha bolatA nahIM aura jo ( mukha ) bolatA hai, vaha dekhatA nhiiN| isalie, apane matalaba sAdhane vAlA vyAdha ! tU ( mujhase ) bAra-bAra kyA pUchatA hai ? muni kI bAta sunakara vyAdha vahA~ se khisaka gayA aura isa prakAra eka prANI kI hiMsA hote-hote bhI nahIM huii| to, satya aura asatya-bhASaNa kI dvividhAtmaka sthiti meM bhI yuktipUrvaka satya kA pAlana karanA pratyeka sujAna vyakti ke lie apekSita hai| prasiddha jainAcAra grantha 'bArasaaNuvekkhA' kI gAthA saM074 meM likhA hai : 'jo muni dUsare ko kleza pahu~cAnevAle vacanoM kA tyAga kara apane aura dUsare kA hita karane vAlA vacana bolatA hai, vaha satya dharma kA pAlaka hotA hai|' yo satya kI paribhASAeM aneka haiN| kintu, moTe taura para asatya ke viruddha vANI ke samasta prakAra kA prayoga asatya hai| jainAcArya padmanandikRta 'paMcaviMzatikA' meM kahA gayA hai ki muniyoM ko sadaiva svacarahitakAraka parimita tathA amRta sadRza satyavacana bolanA caahie| yadi kadAcit satya vacana bolane meM bAdhA pratIta ho, to mauna raha jAnA caahie| sthUla satyavrata to yaha hai ki rAga aura dveSa se vivaza hokara asatya nahIM bolanA cAhie aura satya bhI ho, lekina prANihiMsaka ho, to use bhI nahIM bolanA caahie| ___anekAntavAdI janadArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM vizuddha satya kucha bhI nahIM hotaa| apekSayA satya bhI asatya hotA hai aura apekSayA asatya bhI satya hotA hai arthAt eka hI vastu apekSayA satya aura apekSayA asatya bhI ho sakatA hai /

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. 2. paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda.grantha [ khaNDa udAharaNa ke lie, koI saccI kintu kar3avo bAta kiso se kaha dI gaI aura usase usake hRdaya ko coTa pahuMcI, to ukta saccI bAta apanI yathArthatA kI apekSA se saccI ( hisAkAraka ) hote hue bhI kahane kI apekSA se jhUThI ( hisAkAraka ) bana gii| zAbdika vyutpatti kI dRSTi se 'paMkaja' kA sAmAnya lokarUr3ha artha hai kamala / kintu kamala kevala paMka se hI to nahIM utpanna hotA, apitu usake lie paMcabhUta ke sammilita prabhAva kI apekSA hotI hai| isa prakAra kamala ko 'paMkaja' kahanA lokarUr3hi kI apekSA se satya hote hue bhI pAMcabhautika prabhAva kI apekSA se asatya hai| isalie jainaSTi kisI bhI vastu ko kevala satya na mAnakara use satyAsatya yA ubhayAtmaka yA anekAntAtmaka mAnatI hai| spaSTa hai ki hiMsA kI apekSA se satya bhI agrAhya hai aura ahiMsA kI apekSA se asatya bhI grAhya hai / aura yahI taba vyAsa kI pUrvoddhRta ukti caritArtha hoto hai ki 'yallokahitamatyantaM tatsatyamiti naHzrutam / ' arthAt, adhikAdhika lokahita hI, cAhe vaha jisa kisI prakAra se ho, satya hai| mahAbhArata-yuddha meM yudhiSThira ke dvArA maMgyantara se kahI gaI ukti, 'azvatyAmA hataH kuJjaro vA naro vA' asatyagandhI hote hue bhI lokahita kI dRSTi se asatya nahIM thii| yudhiSThira ke liye Atmahita ko apekSA se unakI yukti yadi asatya ( hiMsaka ) thI, to vyApaka lokahita ko apekSA se satya ( ahiMsaka ) thii| apane putra azvatthAmA kI mRtyusUcanA se, cAhe vaha galata hI thI, droNAcArya zokAhata hue aura unake dvArA kI jAne vAlI bhISaNa virodhI prANihiMsA meM zoka-zaithilyavaza sahaja hI nyUnatA A gaI, jo lokahita yA yuddhazAnti ke prayAsa ke rUpa meM hI mUlyAMkita huI / prAcIna yuga meM satya aura ahiMsA ke bahuta bar3e pravaktA bhagavAna mahAvIra hue aura arvAcIna yuga meM mahAtmA gAndhI ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke satya aura ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA ko lokatAMtrika dRSTi se adhika-se-adhika vikAsAtmaka vyAkhyA kii| donoM hI mahAtmA isa bindu para ekamata dikhAI par3ate haiM ki ahitakArI satya bhI asatya aura hitakArI asatya bhI satya hai| udAharaNa ke lie, agara kisI rogI kI hAlata bigar3ane lagatI hai, to DaoNkTara hitabhAvanA se usako tasallI ke lie, usake hRdaya ko mRtyu ke AtaMka se bacAne ke lie usake Thoka ho jAne kA jhUThA azvAsana detA hai / yaha hitakArI hone ke kAraNa asatya hote hue bhI satya hI hai| ThIka isake viparIta roga kI bhISaNatA kI satya gI ko AtaMkita karane vAlA vyakti satya bolate hue bhI ahitakArI hone ke kAraNa asatya yA hiMsaka vANI bolatA hai / isI sandarbha meM 'lATosaMhitA' meM jina-vacana kA ullekha prApta hotA hai : satyamapi asatyatAM yAti kvacid hisAnubandhataH / . asatyaM satyatAM yAti kvacid jIvasya rakSaNAt / / arthAt, jisa bAta se jIvahiMsA sambhava ho, vaha satya hokara bhI asatya ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra, kvacit jIvoM kI rakSA hone se asatya vacana bhI satya ho jAtA hai / 'anagAradharmAmRta' meM isI siddhAnta kA samarthana kiyA hai : satyaM priyaM hitaM cAha : sUnRtaM sunRtvtaa| tatsatyamapi no satyamapriyaM cAhitaM ca yat // jo vacana prazasta, kalyANakaraka, AhlAdaka tathA upakArI ho, aise vacana ko satyavrata puruSoM ne satya kahA hai, kintu vaha vANI satya hokara bhI satya nahIM hai, jo priya aura ahitakara, arthAt hiMsaka hai| _ jainadharma kI ahiMsA kI yaha vyAkhyA atizaya vyAvahArika hone ke kAraNa vartamAna sandarbha meM bhI apanA tato'dhika mUlya rakhatI hai|

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Relativism (Syadavad or Anekantavad) and its Practice Dr. Duli Chandra Jain Professor of Physics, City University of New York, New York (U. S. A.). "It takes different strokes to move the world...... What might be right for you, may not be right for some." These are the lines from the title song of a television show "Different Strokes". Einstein said, "We can only know the relative truth. The absolute truth is known only to the Universal Observer." The great medieval Hindi poet, Tulsidas said : hari anaMta hari kathA anaMtA, kahahiM sunahi bahuvidhi saba saMtA / (God is infinite, the various sages and seers have been heard to depict Him in a variety of ways.) If we consider the word God to represent truth, then this becomes the relativism of the Jain system. These are a few examples of the practice of the concept of multiplicity of viewpoints. Let us first establish the need for practicing relativism. It is seen that, in many instances, the practice of any religion leads to superiority complex and intolerance of other's religious views. Vividus, in his book entitled "Jainism, has written, "At various times in history, the (religious) systems have been in authority in various parts of the world and by virtue of such authority, they have forced parts of mankind to accept then as guiding life, but this has added nothing to the sweet content of human civilization. Such enforce. ments have only left the bitter taste of their unwholesome memories. It is happening even today. This is violence. Our practice of relativism should enable us to avoid such violence. Further, relativism helps us develop a rational outlook towards life which is Samyaktya. Thus, relativism promotes the practice of nonviolence-the supreme religion. Relativism (Syadavad or Anekant)-The Doctrine of Seven Aspects According to the doctrine of seven aspects, there are seven angles of vision which are emplcyed in the observation and interpretation of the entities and events of the universe. Further, the result of any observation depends on the viewpoint of the observer. This latter statement is the gist of Einstein's theory of relativity. The seven aspects are : 1. The positive aspect (Syadasti)

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. 22 paM. jaganmohanalAla sAdhuvAda grantha 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. The negative aspect (Syada-nasti) The confluence of positive and negative aspects (Syadastinasti) The inexpressible aspect (Syadavaktavya) The positive inexpressible aspect (Syadasti avaktavya) The negative inexpressible aspect (Syadanastiavaktavya) The confluence of positive and negative, and inexpressible aspects (Syadastinastiavaktavya) According to the Jain scriptures, an entity (matter of soul or space or time) is indestructible. This is the positive aspect. However, considering the transformations of the various entities, the various forms of the entities keep on changing and thus they are not indestructible. This is the negative aspect. Obviously, a compromise of the two aspects is in order. From some viewpoint, it may not be possible to state whether a given entity is indestructible or not. This is the inexpressible aspect and so on and so forth. Relativism And Modern Science Now let us explore the realm of modern science for a few examples which illustrate the principle of relativism. Every student of physics knows that a moving electric charge produces a magnetic field while an electric charge at rest does not produce any magnetic field. Consider that there is a charged sphere located in a space shuttle. The charge on the sphere is at rest relative to the astronaut in the space shuttle. Thus, the astronaut will not detect any magnetic field due to the charge on the sphere. However, the charged sphere is in motion relative to the scientists on earth. Thus, they will detect the magnetic field produced by the charged sphere moving along with the space shuttle. Thus the charged sphere is producing a magnetic field (Syadasti) and it is not producing a magnetic field (Syadanasti). Another example illustrates the inexpressible aspect of relativism. Light behaves like a train of waves in certain experimental situations while in certain other experimental situations, it manifests particle aspect. Interference and diffraction can be explained on the basis of wave theory of light. Photoelectric effect shows that light consists of a swarm of particles. Can we say whether a beam of light consists of wave motion or of a swarm of particles? There is no unequivocal answer to this question according to modern science. As light waves behave like a swarm of particles under certain circumstances, particles such as electrons, protons and neutrons, behave like waves in certain scientific experiments. These are excellent examples of the doctrine of relativism. 1. Cosmology-Old And New, by Prof. G. R. Jein, published by Bharatiya Jnana-Pitha. New Delhi, 2nd Edition, pp. viii-ix, 1975. 2. Electrons, protons and neutrons are constituent particles of atoms.

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21 Relalivism Syadavad R3 Professor Prabhakar Machwe, in the article "Jainism and Modern Age", has written, "The second contribution of Mahavira to human intellect is the fogic of probability.". Let me touch upon this briefly. If we toss a fair coin, will it land heads up? It is the question of simple probability. Everyone knows that the probability of its landing heads up is one-half. We can also calculate the probability of its turning heads up 40 times in 100 tosses. We can find the probability of getting 5 heads in a row, and so on and so forth. However, we can not be certain of its turning heads up in a given toss, we can not be certain how many heads we will get when we toss the coin 10 times. This illustrates many aspects of relativism. Everyday we have to make decisions which in some ways are like tossing a coin. If we bear relativism in mind, we can have peace of mind regardless of the consequences of our decisions and actions. Now let us consider the flight of a baseball or football. We can apply the laws of nature to predict the position and momentum of the ball, and our computations will be in perfect agreement with our observations. However, if we apply a similar procedure to study the flight of an electron or a neutron, we will fail miserably, most of the times. We can only compute the probability of detecting the particle at a given position and having a certain momentum. Further, the more accurate the momentum, the less accurate is our estimate of the position of the particle and vice versa. This is known as the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. It is one of the fundamental postulates of wave mechanics or quantum mechanics. It serves as a very powerful tool for modern scientific investigations. Notice the parallel between relativism and modern scientific concepts. The doctrine of seven aspects is an important contribution of Jain philosophers to the various schools of thought. In some ways, it is parallel to theory of relativity and quantum mechanics of modern science. Now the questions arise : How does relativism relate to our practice of religion? How can it improve life on earth, in general, and our lives in particular ? Relativism helps us make decisions in a rational manner. Further, it helps us learn to live with our decisions and with the consequences of our mistakes, as mentioned above. It enables us to develop a rational outlook towards life, and, promotes harmony and peace of mind. Thus, it leads to the three jewels (Ratnatraya or Samyaktva) of Jainism. Practice of Relativism Let us try a few examples. Let us try to answer some questions from different angles of vision. Remember that according to relativism, there are no right or wrong answers. The answers that seem to be correct and proper from one aspect may prove to be wrong and improper from another viewpoint. Much depends on our resources (Dravya) 3. Tirthankar (English), Nemichand Jain, editor, Volume 1, Number 1, January 1975 pages 8-12. 4. Momentum=mass X velocity.

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24 paM. jaganmohanalAla sAdhuvAda grantha [993 situation (Kshetra), time (KALA) and intention (Bhava). The right or wrong depends on our view point and circumstances. Sometimes mere chance or a turn of events beyond our control may determine the course of events in our lives. ... Question : Does religion have a place in our lives? In society? The great Jain poet, Daulatram, in Chhahadhala has written, "All living beings of the universe want happiness and they are scared of suffering."5 Religion is supposed to show us the path to happiness. There are conflicts of interests. There is proverty, discrimination and hatred that lead to dissatisfaction and crime. In many cases, greed and selfishness lead to crime. The legal system and the so-called fight against crime are failing. We keep on putting better and better locks, and, people keep on devising more and more ingenious methods of breaking those locks. There is hunger and disease in the world. There is the threat of nuclear holocaust. Evidently, we can use religion in our lives. On en individual basis, we can keep our cool in the face of all these problems. Further, each one of us can make a contribution towards resolving the conflicts of interests in the society. We can look at the situation from others' viewpoints and help each other. This represents the positive aspect. Now, let us look at the other side of the coin. Writing about the various religions in his Ecck "Jainism", Vividus has stated, "No one system has commanded universal acceptance, though every system claims this position." This is the story of Jains against Hircus, Moslems against Christians, Sikhs against Hindus, Digambars ag Etc. If we say that this is the truth, Mahavir is the only one to follow, Namokar Mantra is the mantra, then we are taking a one-sided view. We are abandoning relativism. We may be hurting other's feelings and committing violence. Most followers of religion take such a cne-sided view of religion. Further, in pursuit of their religion, many times they act like gieedy businessmen who wish to sell their one-sided view. This is the negative aspect of religious practice. Does this mean that we should give up all religions? Lose our identity? Become atheists or agnostics? In my view, the answer to these questions is a definite "No". A compromise is the solution. We should respect all religions. We should accept what is good in all religions. This is what relativism means. I think this is what being a Jain entails. This can be taken to be the confluence of positive and negative aspects. The above discussion indicates that we, on an individual basis, are supposed to adopt the religious practices which we determine to be good for us, for other people and all living beings around us. Now I design a system for myself and follow it. The probabi. lity of my succeeding in my efforts can be calculated. However, it is not possible to predict whether I will succeed or fail. This can be taken as the inexpressible aspect. My system could be less than ideal but some favorable circumstances may lead me to success. On the 5. 194a7 # 319 3777a, qe ai ga * 1997a II (1.1)

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? Relativism Syadavad 34 other hand, there could be some developments beyond anybody's control and I may fail. However, if I have developed a rational outlook towards life through relativism, I can live with the successes and failures without losing my peace of mind. The above discussion can be extended to cover the confluence of the positive, negative and inexpressible aspects. In sum, it should be remarked that relativism is the process of rational thinking. Question: How does the practice of Jainism differ from that of other religions ? According to the principles of Jainism, the deluding (Mohaniya) karma is the most undesirable type of karma. It is the deluding karma that prevents us from looking at things the way they are. It prevents us from attaining rationalism (Samyaktva). Having a rational perception (outlook) and acting in a rational manner are the means to improve our lives. These constitute the religious practice in Jainism. If a religious practice involves any kinds of delusion, it is undesirable. This is the abstract view of religion This is the view of religion obtained from absolute angle of vision (Nishchaya Naya). Now what about the practices like reading of scriptures, chanting, worshiping, religious observances, celebrating festivals, etc.? These constitute the religion which is obtained from the practical angle of vision (Vyavahar Naya). However, Jain scriptures have a word of caution about religious practices. In Purusharthasiddhupaya, Acharya Amritchandra has written : tatrAdau samyaktvaM samupAzrayaNIyamakhilayatnena / tasmin satyeva yato bhavati jJAnaM caritraM ca / / (Of the three jewels of Jainism, rational perception is the prime one. It should be religiously acquired and followed because it is the one which makes the knowledge and practice of religion truly meaningful). It is noteworthy that Samyak darshan which is commonly interpreted as "right belief is not identical with faith. Its authority is neither external nor autocratic. It is reasoned knowledge. One can not doubt its testimony. So long there is doubt, there is no right belief. But doubt must not be suppressed. It must be destroyed.6" Looking in the light of Acharya Amritchandra's remark, a given religious practice can be desirable or undesirable depending upon the outlook of the practitioner. However, it can not be expressed with certainty whether it is desirable or not. Thus, we can look at the various religious observances from positive, negative, inexpressible, etc., aspects. Question: We are facing the conflicts of the Western and Eastern cultures. How do we deal with the problems arising out of these conflicts ? 6. Jainism by S. Radhakrishnan and Charles A. Moore, A Sourcebook In Indian Philosophy, Princeton University Press, Page 252, 1951.

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26 pa. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ aus This is an important question which is of practical importance. Our religion and traditions point in one direction. The pace of modern technological society impels us in another direction. Our values in some ways are different from those we observe in our present environment. There are questions of parties, entertainment, dating, parental discretion, personal freedom, marriage, divorce, etc. These problems are facing us, especially the teenagers of Indian background and their parents living outside India. This is, say, the positive aspect ; namely, we are facing the conflicts of the two cultures. Now, let us look at the problem from another angle of vision. Human nature is basically the same. Human values are basically the same. The ten commandments of the Christian religion and the five vows of Jains-both teach us the way to lead a peaceful life. Parents in the West have the samne concern for the wellbeing of their children as do parents in other parts of the world. Thus, we arrive at the negative aspect; namely, there is no conflict of the two cultures. A confluence of the above two aspects appears to be closer to reality. Suppose we go to a party. The religious system that we have selected for ourselves excludes drinking and nonvegetarian foods. However, social drinking is an accepted custom in the West. Just because of this, do we have to drink at a party? Do we have to take non-vegetarian food ? The answer to these questions is No. There are Westerners who do not drink. There are people who hold a significant status in society and who are vegetarians. We can follow the examples of such people rather than adopt the practices of social drinking and of non-vegetarianism. In every situation, we can design a compromise without compromising the basic teachings of our religion. This approach may be considered as the confluence of the positive and negative aspects. Finally, let us discuss this question on the basis of the confluence of positive and negative, inexpressible aspect. Let us assume that a person conducts himself properly and avoids conflicts between the Eastern and the Western cultures. He is well-liked by his family and relatives, friends and peers. Relativism tells us that this does not guarantee that he will be having or not having any future problems, The above examples illustrate how we can practice relativism. The practice of relativism will help us in avoiding conflicts, violence, anger, aggravation, etc. It will help us develop a rational outlook towards life which is the key to peace and harmony.

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yogi pratyakSa aura jyotirjJAna DA0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara prAcArya, kevalArI, ma0pra0 sAmAnya vyavahAra meM pAMca indriyoM ke mAdhyama se prApta jJAna ko pratyakSa kahA jAtA hai| bhArata meM bahupracalita dhAraNA hai ki indriyoM kI sahAyatA ke binA bhI pratyakSa jJAna ho sakatA hai| ise atIndriya pratyakSa yA mukhya pratyakSa aura isakI tulanA meM indriyapratyakSa ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahA gayA hai|' prasiddha bauddha dArzanika dharmakIti ne pratyakSa ke cAra prakAra batAye hai-indriyapratyakSa, mAnasapratyakSa, svasaMvedana pratyakSa aura yogipratyakSa / jaina paramparA meM bhAvasena ke pramAprameya meM yahI vargIkaraNa svIkRta hai| spaSTa hai ki pUrva paramparA ke mukhya pratyakSa ko yahA~ yogipratyakSa kahA hai| ___mukhya pratyakSa ke tIna prakAra batAye hai-avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala / dhyAna dene kI bAta hai ki inameM manaHparyaya aura kevala to yogI muniyoM ke hI sambhava mAne gaye haiM parantu avadhijJAna yogo muniyoM ke atirikta deva, nAraka aura viziSTa gRhasthoM ko bhI honA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yogipratyakSa kaise hotA hai ? pUrva paramparA ke anusAra sambaddha jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSaya yA kSayopazama se yaha jJAna prApta hotA hai / dharmakIrti kA kathana hai ki yogipratyakSa bhUtArtha bhAvanA ke prakarSa se hotA hai| isa prakAra yahA~ yogipratyakSa ke lie adhyayana aura cintana kI pRSThabhUmi Avazyaka mAnI gaI hai / jaina paramparA meM bhI kevalajJAna ke lie sAdhanabhUta zukla dhyAna kI pahalI do avasthAeM pRthaktvavitarka aura ekatvavitakaM jisa yogI ke sambhava hotI hai vaha pUrvavid hotA hai| pRthaktvavitarka meM zabdoM aura arthoM kI vibhinnatA ke mAdhyama se vastu kA cintana hotA hai aura ekatvavitaka meM vibhinnatA poche chUTa jAtI hai / dharmakItti ke vyAkhyAkAra prajJAkara ne adhyayana aura cintana kI pRSThabhUmi ke sAtha yogipratyakSa kI prApti kA varNana kiyA hai| vidyAnanda kI aSTasahasrI meM bhI lagabhaga inhIM zabdoM kA prayoga hai|" jJAna prApti kI yaha prakriyA vaijJAnika zodha kI prakriyA se bahuta milatI julatI hai| vaijJAnika ko apane viSaya ke pUrvavartI adhyayana se paricita honA Avazyaka hai| usa viSaya ke pRthak-pRthak pakSoM kA cintana-parIkSaNa aura usake bAda niSpanna eka siddhAnta kA pratipAdana hI vaijJAnika ke kArya ko pUrNatA detA hai / 1. akalaMka viracita laghIyastraya, zlo0 4 / 2. bhAvasena kRta pramAprameya, pR04 / 3. akalaMka viracita tatvArthavArtika, khaNDa 2, pR0 632 / 4. pramANavAtika bhASya, pR0 327 : zrutamayena jJAnena arthAt gRhItvA yukticintAmayena vyavasthApya bhAvayatAM taniSpatto yadavitathaviSayaM tadeva pramANaM tadayuktA yoginaH / 5. aSTasahasrI pR0 235 : te hi zrutamayoM cintAmayIM ca bhAvanAM prakarSaparyantaM prApayantaH atIndriyapratyakSamAtmasAt kurvte|

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28 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa vaijJAnika ke niSkarSa kaI bAra galata bhI hote haiN| kyA yogipratyakSa bhI bhrAnta ho sakatA hai ? jaina paramparA meM avadhijJAna to bhrAnta ho sakatA hai, manaHparyaya aura kevala nhiiN| prajJAkara isa samasyA se paricita hai| ve kahate haiM ki atIndriya viSayoM kA varNana to sabhI karate haiM kintu vaha paraspara virodhI bhI pAyA jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM jo pramANasaMvAdI ho use hama pratyakSa kaheMge aura zeSa ko bhrama / ' vidyAnanda kI aSTasahasrI kA uparyukta prasaMga isa sandarbha meM vizeSa upayogI hai| yahA~ prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki pratyakSa aura anumAna ke atirikta Agama kI kyA AvazyakatA hai| AcArya kahate haiM ki jyotirjJAna (graha nakSatroM kI gati Adi kA jJAna) Agama se hI hotA hai, kevala pratyakSa aura anumAna se nahIM / zaMkA uThAI gaI hai ki sarvajJa ke pratyakSa jJAna se hI to jyotirjJAna ho jAtA hai| uttara diyA gayA hai ki sarvajJa ko yogipratyakSa kI prApti ke pUrva yadi pUrvavartI upadeza prApta na ho to unheM yogipratyakSa kI prApti nahIM hotii| zruta aura cintana ke utkarSa se hI yogipratyakSa prApta hotA hai / Adhunika dRSTi se dekhane para yaha svAbhAvika jAna par3atA hai ki jyotirjJAna pUrva paramparA se prApta hotA hai / parantu isa paramparAgata upadeza ko pratyakSa nirIkSaNoM ke dvArA nirantara jA~canA hotA hai aura usameM jo aMza pramANasaMvAdI na ho, use bhrama mAnakara chor3anA bhI par3atA hai| vibhinna prAcIna granthoM meM jyotirjJAna kA vivaraNa eka-sA nahIM hai| yaha vibhinnatA yahI dikhAtI hai ki ina vivaraNoM meM yathArtha ke sAtha bhrama kA kucha aMza milA huA hai| isa aMza kI pahacAna Adhunika vaijJAnika upakaraNoM se kAphI hada taka sambhava huI hai| aisI sthiti meM jyotirjJAna ke prAcIna vivaraNoM para A~kha mUMda kara vizvAsa karanA sambhava nahIM hai| jyotirjJAna ke paramparAgata aneka rUpa hamAre sAmane haiM / unameM kitanA aMza sarvajJa ke pratyakSa jJAna dvArA parIkSita hai-yaha jAnane kA koI sAdhana nahIM hai / ataH amuka eka vivaraNa sarvopadiSTa hai, isalie usa para pUrNa zraddhA honI cAhie-yaha Agraha karanA ucita nahIM hogaa| 1. pramANavAtika bhASya pR0 328 : atIndriyArtha hi vacaH sarveSAmeva vidyate parasparaviruddhaM ca / tathA pR0 327; tatra pramANa saMvAdi yat prAg nirNItavastunaH tad bhAvanA pratyakSamiSThaM zeSA upaplavAH / 2. aSTasahasrI pR0 235 : na ca pratyakSAnumAnAbhyAmantareNopadezaM jyotirjAnAdipratipattiH / sarvavidaH pratyakSAdeva tatpratipattiH anumAnavidAM punaranumAnAdapoti cenna / sarvavidAmari yogipratyakSAt pUrvamupadezAbhAve tadutpatyayogAt / 3. sva0 paM0 sukhalAlajI ne tattvArthasUtra ko bhUmikA meM tIsare-cauthe adhyAya ke viSaya meM likhA thA ki prAcIna samaya meM ye dhAraNAeM pracalita thiiN| isa rUpa meM inakA adhyayana karanA cAhie /

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jaina dharma : bhAratIyoM kI dRSTi meM (a) bhArata kI AdhyAtmika virAsata svAmI prabhavAnaMda (anu0) ga0 karuNA jaina, bambaI jaina aura jainadharma zabda saMskRta kI 'ji' ( jItanA) dhAtu se vyutpanna hai / jaina vaha hai jo anaMtajJAna, anaMtasukha aura anaMtavIrya pradAna karane vAlI parama vizuddhatA kI prApti meM bAdhaka tatvoM ko jItane meM vizvAsa karatA hai / yahI to bhArata ke anya dharmoM kI zikSA hai / yaha kahA jAtA hai ki jainadharma vaidika dharma ke samAna hI prAcIna hai / isa yuga meM vardhamAna mahAvIra ( parama AdhyAtmika guru ) kA nAma jainadharma ke sAtha ekIkRta ho gayA hai| lekina ye jainoM ke caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ko zreNI ke antima mahApuruSa the| mahAvIra aura buddha kI samakAlInatA tathA ahiMsA siddhAnta ke mahatva ke kAraNa prAraMbha meM pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kI yaha dhAraNA thI ki jainadharma buddhadharma kI zAkhA hai| lekina vAstava meM ye donoM dharma bhinna-bhinna hai tathA inakA vikAsa samAnAntara rUpa meM huA hai / mahAvIra isa dharma ke saMsthApaka nahIM hai, ve ( vartamAna ) caubIsI meM aMtima the / unake do sau varSa tIrthaMkara pArvanAtha hue haiM / ye bhI aitihAsika mahApuruSa haiN| paraMparA ke anusAra, jainadharma anAdi hai| isake siddhAntoM kA kramika udghATana tIthaMkaroM ne kiyA thaa| isakA brahmAMDa vijJAna anya bhAratIya vicAradhArAoM ke samAnAntara hai kyoMki vaha pragati ( utsarpiNI ) aura avanati (avasarpiNI) ke brahmAMDI cakroM kI zreNI mAnatA hai| vartamAna yuga avasarpiNI cakra meM cala rahA hai| isa avasarpiNo cakra meM caubIsa tIrthakara samaya-samaya para avatarita hue hai / inameM bhagavAn RSabha prathama the aura mahAvIra aMtima the / phalataH isa avasarpiNIkAla meM RSabha jainadharma ke prathama udghATaka the / inakA nAma Rgveda meM AtA hai / inako kahAnI viSNu aura bhAgavata purANoM meM kahI gaI hai / ina granthoM meM inheM mahAsanta batAyA gayA hai / inake antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA janma IsApUrva chaThavIM sadI ke uttarArdha meM ( Adhunika ) paTanA se 32 kimI0 dUra vaizAlI ke pAsa basAr3ha gA~va meM huA thaa| inake mAtA-pitA kSatriya the| unakA vivAha huA thA aura unako eka putrI thii| bacapana se hI ve jijJAsu aura vicAramagna rahate the| aTThAIsa varSa kI umra meM unhoMne saMsAra tyAga diyaa| bAraha varSa kaThora tapasyA aura dhyAna ke uparAnta unheM pUrNa jJAna (kevala) prApta huaa| unhoMne jaina siddhAntoM kA tIsa varSa taka pracAra kiyA aura anta meM nirvANa prApta kiyaa| mahAvIra kI jIvanI buddha ke samAna hai| yaha kisI bhI dharma ke pracAra ke liye Avazyaka vyaktivAdI tatva jaina dharma ke lie bhI prastuta karatI hai| mahAvIra ne ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko lokapriya bnaayaa| isase jaina dharma ke pracAra meM bar3A yogadAna milaa| unhoMne samAja ko gRhastha aura sAdhuoM kI do zreNiyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA / anta meM unhoMne apane dharma ke dvAra, jAti yA liMga ke vicAra ke binA, sabhI logoM ke lie khola diye / ' svAmI prabhavAnanda, sthiricuala herITeja Ava iNDiyA, rAmakRSNa maTha, madrAsa-4, 1973 peja 155 /

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30 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa jaina dharma ke mukhya siddhAnta sabhI jaina sampradAyoM meM samAna haiN| IsavI sadI ke prArambha hote hote jaina digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAyoM meM ba~Ta gye| isakA kAraNa sAdhuoM ke jIvana aura AcAra ke niyamoM se sambandhita kucha matabheda the| isameM mukhya yaha hai ki digambara zarIra kI cetanA se rahita hokara nirvastra yA nagna rahate the jaba ki zvetAmbara zveta vastra pahanate the / aMga, pUrva aura prakaraNa grantha inake pramukha dharma grantha haiN| uttaravartI kAla meM bhI saMskRta aura prAkRta meM aneka dharma grantha likhe gye| inameM jaina dharma aura darzana kI vyAkhyAyeM haiN| bhArata meM lagabhaga pandraha lAkha jaina hai / ve zAntipriya haiM / unakA hinduoM se koI TakarAva nahIM hai / phalataH sAmAnyajana unheM hindU hI mAnate haiM / jaina dharma kA lakSya jaina dharma vizva ke Adi kartA ko nahIM maantaa| yaha vizva ke Adi aura anta ko avicArita aura asaMgata mAnatA hai| vizva meM vidyamAna cetana aura acetana padArtha anAdi aura ananta haiN| brahmANDa kI prakRti kI vyAkhyA ke lie daivavAda kA Azraya Avazyaka nahIM haiN| sraSTi kA bAhya astitva hI usakI svatantra sattA ke liye paryApta hai| Izvara-kartRtva samarthaka tarkoM meM jainoM ko anavasthA doSa dikhatA hai / jainoM ke lie sraSTikartRtva kI koI samasyA hI nahIM hai| isake adhyAtmavAda meM na hI Izvara kA sthAna hai aura na hI vizva ke AdimAna hone kI kalpanA hai / phira bhI, yaha pratyeka AtmA kI pUrNatA aura ananta zakti meM vizvAsa karatA hai / yaha pUrNa AtmA hI paramAtmA hai / isakI hama pUjA aura arcA karate hai| pratyeka AtmA meM paramAtmA banane kI kSamatA hai| isa mAnyatA ke kAraNa hI jaina dharma anIzvaravAdI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / yaha AtmA kI ananta zakti evaM usako prApta karane kI kSamatA meM vizvAsa karatA hai| jainoM kA kathana hai ki rAga-dveSAdi kaSAyoM ko damita karane se karma-bandha TUTa jAtA hai| isase AtmA meM parama pavitratA AtI hai| isase usameM ananta jJAna, sukha aura vIrya prakaTa hote haiM aura vaha paramAtmA ho jAtA hai| isa kSamatA ke kAraNa bhUtakAla meM aneka paramAtmA ho gaye haiM aura bhaviSya meM bhI hote raheMge / eka zraddhAlu jaina kI prArthanA nimna rahatI hai: mokSamArgasya netAraM, mettAraM karmabhUbhRtAM / sAtAraM vizvatatvAnAM, vaMde tadguNalabdhaye // isa tathya se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki jaina mAnavI Izvara meM vizvAsa karate haiN| yaha dhAraNA hinduoM ke avatAroM yA IsAiyoM ke Izvaraputra se kAphI bhinna hai / unakI pUjA kA mukhya uddezya paramAtmA bananA hai / . jainoM meM jIvoM kI aneka koTiyAM hotI haiN| jinhoMne ananta catuSTaya prApta kara nirvANa prApta kara liyA hai, ve uccatama koTi ke jIva haiN-siddhprmesstthii| isake bAda ahaMta Ate haiN| inhoMne kevala jJAna prApta kara liyA hai| ye mAnavatA kI sevA karanA cAhate haiM / dayAlu aura snehI hote haiN| ye nirvANa prApta karane taka dharmopadeza dete haiM / ye vibhinna yugoM meM mAnava ke hita ke liye avatarita hote hai / inake atirikta anya tIna koTiyoM meM (AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdha) zikSaka yA upadezaka hote haiN| inhoMne zarIra aura AtmA ke bheda jJAna kA kicit anubhava kara liyA hai| jIvoM kI ina pAMcoM hI zreNiyoM kA carama lakSya ananta catuSTaya ke vibhinna caraNa prApta karanA hai| jIvana kA sarvottama vikAsa siddha parameSThiyoM meM hotA hai| ve parama nirapekSa, nirvikAra, vItarAMga aura vItakarma hote haiN| AdhyAtmika dRSTi se, mokSa karmabaMdha tathA punarjanma se mukti pAne kI carama sthiti hai / anya bhAratIya vicAradhArAoM ke anusAra, jaina dharma bhI karmavAda aura punarjanma mAnatA hai| para jaina karma ko bhautika padArtha mAnate haiM jo

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2] jaina dharma : bhAratIyoM kI dRSTi meM 31 AtmA ke sAtha jur3a kara use sarAgI saMsAra meM bA~dha detA hai / yadyapi karma bhautika hai, para yaha itanA sUkSma hai ki indriyagrAhya nahIM hai| isI karma ke kAraNa jIva anAdi bhUta se vartamAna taka saMsAra meM banA huA hai / phalataH yadyapi karmabandha anAdi hai, para ise samApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| AtmA to mukta aura zaktivAn hai| AtmA ke zuddha svabhAva prApta hote hI karma naSTa ho jAte haiN| vedAntI bhI avidyA yA ajJAna ko anAdi aura sAnta mAnate haiN| AtmA aura karma kA bandha kisI vAhya kAraNa se nahIM hotaa| yaha to kama se hI hotA hai| jaba AtmA vAhya jagata ke samparka meM AtA hai, usameM rAga-dveSa kI icchAoM ke samAna aneka manovaijJAnika Avega utpanna hote haiM / ye AtmA ke sahaja lakSaNoM ko DhaMka dete haiM aura kamaMpravAha ko prerita karate haiN| bAda meM yaha use pariveSThita kara letA hai / AtmA meM sUkSma karmoM ke pravAha ko Asrava kahate haiN| yaha janoM kA eka viziSTa pAribhASika zabda hai / yaha karmabandha kA pahalA caraNa hai| isakA dUsarA caraNa karmabandha svataH hai, jise bandha kahate haiN| isameM karma ke aNu AtmA ke kArmANa zarIra kA nirmANa karate haiN| isase AtmA karma-pUrita ho jAtA hai| jIva kA bhautika zarIra mRtyu ke sAtha samApta ho jAtA hai, para kArmANa zarIra banA rahatA hai| yaha kArmANa zarIra hinduoM ke sUkSma zarIra kA samarUpa hai| yaha bhI nirvANa-prApti ke pUrva taka rahatA hai| saMvara yA saMyama se karma se mukti hotI hai| saMyama ke abhyAsa se naye karmoM kA Asrava ruka jAtA hai| isase naitika tathA AdhyAtmika anuzAsana kI preraNA milatI hai| yaha pUrva karmoM ko nirjharita karatA hai| nirjarA ke samaya punarjanma samApta ho jAtA hai aura prAthamika mukti prApta hotI hai| pUrNa mukti ke liye do caraNa bahuta Avazyaka hai| prathama caraNa arhata pada kI prApti hai| isameM karma-mukta jJAnI jIva saMsAra meM banA rahatA hai, vaha vItarAgI hokara mAnavatA kI sakriya rUpa meM sevA karatA hai / yaha hinduoM kI jIvanmukta dazA kA pratirUpa hai / dvitIya caraNa meM jIva saMsAra chor3a detA hai / isa dazA meM yaha akarma rahatA hai, pUrNa rahatA hai / isa dazA ko siddha dazA kahate haiN| yaha ananta jJAna aura zAnti kA nilaya hai| mokSa-prApti ke upAya mokSa samyak darzana, samyak jJAna evaM sammak cAritra kI triratnI se prApta hotA hai / IsAiyoM kI vizvAsa, upadeza evaM pravRtti kI trayI isI kA eka rUpa hai| ye tInoM hI eka ikAI haiN| samyak darzana jainoM ke upadezoM meM dRr3ha vizvAsa kA pratIka hai| samyak jJAna jaina siddhAntoM kA samucita parijJAna hai| samyak cAritra jaina siddhAntoM ke anurUpa jIvana yApana kI vyAvahArika vidhi hai| inameM samyak darzana naitika evaM AdhyAtmika jIvana mUlyoM kI AdhAra zilA hai| isake liye ajJAna, aMdhavizvAsa yA mUr3hatAoM se mukta honA Avazyaka hai / pavitra nadiyoM meM snAna karanA, kAlpanika devatAoM kI pUjA tathA aneka prakAra ke yajJa yAgAdi karanA Adi isake udAharaNa haiN| inake sAtha hI, samyak darzana ke liye nirabhimAnatA bhI Avazyaka hai / samyak darzana se samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra svataH sphUrta hote haiM / ___ samyak cAritra meM ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha-ye pA~ca brata samAhita hote haiN| jaba ye sImArahita hote haiM, taba mahAbrata kahalAte haiN| inakA pAlana sAdhu karate haiN| isa prakAra jaina dharma meM sAdhu jana ke AcAra meM antara mAnA gayA hai| anya bhAratIya paddhatiyoM ke samAna hI, jaina dharma meM bhI manuSya janma ko Atma-pUrNatA kA sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| svarga ke deva aura deviyoM ko bhI, mokSa prApti ke liye, manuSya janma lenA anivArya hai / isIliye manuSya yoni meM janma lenA puNyAzIrvAda mAnA jAtA hai|| I0 DablU. hopakinsa ne Izvara virodha, mAnava pUjana aura jIva saMrakSaNa ke jaina siddhAntoM para apanI pustaka meM vyaMgya kiyA hai| isa prakAra to kisI bhI dharma ke viSaya meM kahA jA sakatA hai| jaina dharma ne parAbrahmANDIya eva 9

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32 50 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa sarvavyApI vyaktitva kA niSedha kiyA hai lekina yaha amara Atma ravaM paramAtmazakti ko mAnatA hai| yaha pUrNa divya puruSoM, santoM, mahApuruSoM ko mAnyatA detA hai| mahAtmA IsA bhI isI koTi ke santa haiM / jainoM kA ahiMsA siddhAnta sabhI jIvoM para lAgU hotA hai / yaha IsA ke daza upadezoM meM se eka hai / pazcima meM ise paryApta apUrNatA ke sAtha hI mAnA jAtA hai / sabhI bhAratIya dharmoM ke anusAra, jaina dharma bhI svayaM ko sarvocca dharma nahIM maantaa| isake anusAra, anya dharma vAle bhI mokSa prApta kara sakate haiN| kisI bhI eka siddhAnta meM pUrNatA nahIM A sakatI, ataH hameM eka-dUsare ke matoM ke prati sahiSNu bananA caahiye| jaina tattva vidyA __ jainoM ke jIvana se sambandhita dRSTikoNa meM ho jaina tattva vidyA kA kaThina viSaya samAhita hotA hai| isake anusAra, saMsAra ke vastu tattva-dravya anAdi aura ananta hai, unameM utsAda, vyaya evaM dhrauvya kI trayI yugapat hotI hai / rAna apanA sthAyitva evaM vyaktitva banAye rakhatA hai| guNa aura paryAyoM ke parivartana ke daurAna bhI usakI sattA amiTa rahatI hai| sone ke aneka AbhUSaNa banate rahate haiM, para sonA sonA hI banA rahatA hai / eka paryAya naSTa hotI hai, dUsarI utpanna hotI hai, para mUla tattva yathAvat banA rahatA hai| padArtha aura usake guNa eka dUsare se pRthak nahIM ho sakate / yadyapi dRSTA ke mana meM inake viSaya meM vibhedaka jJAna hai, phira bhI ye eka dUsare ke binA nahIM raha skte| ise hI bheda-abheda vAda kahate haiN| yaha nyAya-vaizeSika mata ke vipayasi meM hai / yaha inameM bheda mAnatA hai / jainoM ke anusAra, brahmAMDa kI saMracanA meM chaha anAdi aura ananta dravya haiM / jIva, ajIva, dharma (gati-mAdhyama), adharma (sthiti mAdhyama) aura AkAza nAmaka prathama pA~ca dravyoM ko astikAya kahate haiN| inake aneka pradeza (avagAhanA) hote hai| inameM eka-vimI kAla ko jor3ane para jainoM ke jar3a-cetana jagata meM chaha dravya mAne gaye haiN| ye dravya do koTiyoM meM Ate hai-jIva (cetana) aura ajIva (acetana) / inameM cetanA ke astitva va abhAva ke kAraNa bheda hotA hai / jIva jIvana aura cetanA se sambandhita hai| cetanA bhautika guNa nahIM hai, yaha to AtmA kA svalakSaNa hai / yaha padArtha-nirapekSa guNa hai| vastutaH AkAza ke usa pAra AtmA svatantrarUpa meM raha sakatA hai| AtmAyeM ananta hai, anAdi hai| saMsAra meM janma aura mRtyu AtmA ke guNa nahIM hai| ye karma-bandha kI dazA kI paryAyeM hai| isa jar3a-cetana jagata meM varma-bandha ke kAraNa hI jIva zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai| isa zarIra kA mApa zarIradhArI ke anurUpa hotA hai| isa vizva meM cAra prakAra ke jIvAtmA hote hai-pahale svargoM meM rahanevAle deva hote hai| vikAsa ke krama meM ye mAnava se uccatara hote haiN| phira bhI, ye sa-zarIrI hote haiN| inakA bhI janma-maraNa hotA hai| svarga aise sthAna mAne gaye hai jahA~ manuSya janma lekara apane zubha karmoM ke phaloM kA Ananda lete haiN| devoM ko nirvANa prApti ke liye manuSya janma lenA hI par3atA hai| jIvoM kI dUsarI zreNI manuSyoM kI hai| isake bAda tiryacoM kI zreNI (pazu aura vanaspati) AtI hai / cauthI zreNI ke jIva nArakI kahalAte haiM / ye brahmAMDa ke nicale bhAga meM rahate haiM / hama naraka aura svarga kI nizcita sthiti nahIM batA sakate / lekina jaina aura hindU yaha mAnate haiM ki manuSya mRtyu ke bAda ina sthAnoM meM janma letA hai / zubha karmI manuSya devagati meM tathA azubha karmI naraka gati meM janma lete haiM / Ayu pUrNa hone para ve punaH martyaloka meM Ate haiM / cAroM zreNiyoM ke jIva apane vartamAna yA vigata jIvana meM kiye gaye karmoM ke anusAra sukhI yA duHkhI hote hai / ve apane sahaja svabhAva ke ajJAna se janma aura mRtyu ke cakra meM rahate hai|

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2] jaina dharma : bhAratIyoM kI dRSTi meM 33 karma bandha se mukta hone para manuSya mokSa pAtA hai / janma-maraNa ke cakra se chUTa jAtA hai| vaha vItarAgI hokara ananta catuSTaya se paripUrNa rahatA hai / mokSa prApta karanevAle zuddha jIva ko siddha kahate haiM / isake viparyAsa meM, anya sabhI jIva saMsArI aura sazarIrI hote haiN| ve karma-sahacarita hote haiN| inakA vargIkaraNa jJAnendriyoM ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai| nimnatama stara ke jIvoM meM kevala eka jJAnendriya hotI hai / ye jIva vRkSa, paudhe Adi vanaspatiyoM ke rUpa meM hote haiN| inameM sparzana indriya hotI hai| ye sUkSma koTi ke bhI hote haiM aura vanaspatiyoM se kucha uccatara zreNI ke hote hai| ye pRthvI, jala, agni evaM vAyu meM hote haiN| ina sUkSma jIvoM kI mAnyatA ke isa siddhAnta kI prAyaH sarvAtmavAda ke rUpa meM mithyA vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai / isake anusAra, pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu svayaM sajIva hote haiM / isa mithyA vyAkhyA ke liye koI vAstavika AdhAra nahIM hai / kRmi kula vanaspatiyoM se uccatara koTi kA hotA hai / inake sparza aura rasanaye do indriyA~ hotI haiN| cIMTI cauthI zreNI ko nirUpita karatI hai| isameM sparzana, rasana aura ghrANa-tIna indriyAM hotI hai / isI zreNI kI madhumakkhI meM cAra indriyA~ hotI haiN| uccatara jIvoM meM pA~ca indriyA~ hotI hai / jIvoM ko sarvocca zreNI para manuSya AtA hai jisameM pAMca indriyoM ke atirikta mastiSka yA mana bhI hotA hai / yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki jIvoM kI indriyoM yA zarIra usake jIva-guNa nahIM haiN| jIvaguNa to kevala cetanA hai / nimna zreNI ke jIvoM meM yaha guNa suSupta rahatA hai / uccatara zreNiyoM ke jIvoM meM vikasita hote hue yaha zuddhAtmAoM meM pUrNa abhivyakti pAtA hai| yaha vizva jIva aura ajIvoM kA samudAya hai| ajIva akriya evaM acetana hotA hai / mUla ajIva bhI anAdi aura ananta hai| yaha pudgala, dharma (gati mAdhyama), adharma (sthiti mAdhyama), AkAza aura kAla ke bheda se pAMca prakAra kA hai| inameM pudgala bhautika hai, kAla apradezI hai, anya sabhI amUrta hai / / pudgala yA padArthoM meM rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza, zabda Adi indriya gocara guNa pAye jAte hai / yaha jJAtA jIva se svatantrarUpa meM pAyA jAtA hai| yaha vizva kA bhautika AdhAra hai| yaha paramANuoM se banA hotA hai / paramANu niravayavI, Adi-madhyAnta rahita, anAdi, ananta evaM carama hotA hai / yaha pudgala kA alpatama AdhAra hai, anAkAra hai| do yA adhika paramANuoM ke saMyoga ko skandha kahate hai / vizva ko mahAskandha kahate haiN| prAthamika paramANuoM meM koI bheda nahIM hotA, para aneka vividha saMyogoM se bhinna-bhinna padArtha banate haiN| isa AdhAra para jaina tatva vidyA ke paramANu nyAya-vaizeSikoM se bhinna hai / ye utane paramANu mAnate haiM jitane mUla tatva hote hai-pRthvo, jala, teja, vAyu aura AkAza / paramANuoM ke saMyoga, viyoga evaM kriyAyeM amUrta AkAza, dharma aura adharma dravyoM ke udAsIna kAraNa se hote haiN| AkAza ananta hai evaM vAstavika hai / yaha svayaM ko tathA anya dravyoM ko avagAhita karatA hai / dharma aura adharma dravya jaina darzana kI viziSTa mAnyatA hai / gati aura sthiti jIva aura pudgaloM meM hI pAI jAtI hai| ye donoM bhI, kSamatA hone para bhI, ina dravyoM ke kAraNa hI vizva meM vyApta rahate haiN| ye dravya udAsIna kAraNa hote hae bhI gati evaM sthiti ke liye anivArya hai| dharma ke liye jala meM machalI kI gati kA aura adharma ke liye pakSI kI sthiti kA udAharaNa diyA jAtA hai| donoM hI dravya vizva ke vyavasthita saMghaTana ke liye Avazyaka mAne gaye haiN| kAla dravya bhI eka vAstavikatA hai| yaha apradezI haiN| yaha vikAsa aura pratyAvartana, utpAda aura lie anivArya hai / ye prakriyAyeM vizva-jIvana kI mUla haiN| kAla ke binA ina prakriyAoM ke viSaya meM socA bhI nahIM jA sktaa| jIva aura uparokta pAMca ajIva dravya milakara jaina tatva vidyA ke chaha dravya hote haiN| jaina tatvoM aura padArthoM ke vargIkaraNa kI samIkSA Avazyaka hai| isa vargIkaraNa meM sAta tatva, nau padArtha, chaha dravya aura dRSTikoNa tathA uddezya para AdhArita do anya tatvoM ( e0 cakravartI ) kA samAharaNa hai / isa jaTila viSaya ko sAraNI ke mAdhyama se samajhane meM saralatA hogii| |

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- 34 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa tatva (carama) 2: jIva, ajIva dravya 6 : jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza evaM kAla (pAMca ajIva), inameM prathama pA~ca dravya astikAya kahe jAte haiM / kAla inape bhinna hai| tatva 7: jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa padArtha 9:jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa, puNya, pApa janoM kA tarkazAsa evaM mAna kA simAnta jIva kI prakRti zuddha cetanarUpa hai, ataH usake anaMtajJAna bhI sahaja hai| lekina yaha jJAna kama-janita ajJAna se DhaMkA rahatA hai| karmoM ke prabhAva se jIvoM meM kevala sImita jJAna hotA hai| jaise-jaise karma-bandha kama hote jAte hai, anaMta jJAna rUpa sahaja svabhAva prakaTa hone lagatA hai| icchAyeM, rAga-dveSa, ahaMbhAva Adi jJAna ke bAdhaka hai / saMyama se samyaka jJAna prApta hotA hai| samyag jJAna kI prApti ke liye jJAna ke pAMca caraNa hote haiM, mati, zruti, avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala / mati sAmAnya jJAna hai| isameM indriyajJAna, smRti va anumAna samAhita haiN| isameM indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se jJAna hotA hai, ataH ise parokSa jJAna kahate hai| yaha pAribhASikatA pAzcAtya manovijJAna kI dhAraNA ke viparIta hai / isake anusAra, indriyoM (tathA mana) ke mAdhyama se prApta jJAna pratyakSa mAnA jAtA hai| zruta jJAna zAstrajJAna hai| yaha bhI parokSa mAnA jAtA hai| yaha jJAna svayaM prApta nahIM kiyA gayA hai / avadhi jJAna atIndriya dRSTi evaM zravaNa ke manovaijJAnika sAmathyaM se prApta jJAna ko kahate hai / yaha jJAna indriyoM ke sAkSAt saMparka para nirbhara nahIM karatA, ataH ise pratyakSa jJAna kahate hai| manaHparyaya jJAna dUsaroM ke mana ko jAnane kI prakriyA hai| jaba manuSya ajJAna se pUrNataH mukta hokara zuddha caitanyamaya ho jAtA hai, taba jo pUrNajJAna hotA hai, use kevala jJAna kahate haiN| yaha jJAna pratyakSa aura tatkAla hotA hai| yaha indriya aura mana para nirbhara nahIM krtaa| yaha anubhavagamya hai| ise vyakta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / kevala jJAna upaniSadoM ke bhAvAtIta jJAna evaM bauddhoM ke nirvANa ke samakakSa hai| sAmAnya manuSya ko pAMca jJAnoM meM se prathama do-mati aura zruta hote hai| saMyamI aura jJAniyoM ko cAra jJAna taka ho sakate haiM / lekina kevalajJAna to paramavizuddha caitanyayukta jIva ke hI saMbhava hai / jIva aura ajIva-donoM vAstavika haiN| apane astitva ke liye ye eka dUsare para nirbhara nahIM hai| vAhya padArthoM kA astitva jIvAdhIna nahIM hai| isa prakAra jainadharma ko bahutvavAdI dharma mAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha jIva aura ajIva-donoM ko anAdi, anaMta, svAdhIna aura bahasaMkhyaka mAnatA hai| jaina tatvavidyA kA vivaraNa jaina nyAya ke usa siddhAnta ke nirUpaNa ke vinA adhUrA ho kahA jAyagA jisako pAzcAtya bhautikI ke sApekSatA siddhAnta kA pUrvarUpa mAnA jA sakatA hai / isake anusAra, eka ho vastu ke viSaya meM sakArAtmaka aura nakArAtmaka nirUpaNa kiye jA sakate haiN| ise asti-nAstivAda kaha sakate hai| ise saptabhaMgA kahate haiN| isa mata kI parIkSA karane para isako AbhAsI visaMgati meM tarkasaMgatatA ke saketa milate haiM / kisI vastu ke viSaya meM sakArAtmaka nirUpaNa ke liye cAra dazAyeM Avazyaka hai-svagata dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva (prinnmn)| isI prakAra usake nakArAtmaka nirUpaNa meM bhI cAra dazAyeM Avazyaka hai-paradravya, parakSetra, para-kAla, para-bhAva / ise hama eka dRSTAnta se samajheM / yadi hama sone ke bane AbhUSaNa kA varNana karanA cAheM, to use nimnarUpoM meM kiyA jA sakatA hai: (i) dravya yaha AbhUSaNa sone kA banA hai| yaha AbhUSaNa kisI anya dhAtu kA banA nahIM hai|

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2] (ii) kSetra (iii) kAla / sthiti (iv) bhAva / pariNamana yaha AbhUSaNa vaksa meM rakhA hai / yaha AbhUSaNa AlamArI meM nahIM rakhA hai / yaha AbhUSaNa Aja banA hai / yaha AbhUSaNa kala nahIM banA thA / * yaha AbhUSaNa gola hai / yaha AbhUSaNa AyatAkAra nahIM hai / isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki vibhinna dRSTikoNoM ke AdhAra para eka hI vastu ke viSaya meM sakArAtmaka aura nakArAtmaka nirUpaNa kiye jA sakate haiN| hA~, eka hI dRSTikoNa se aisA karanA asaMgata hogaa| yaha siddhAnta avAstavika vastu para lAgU nahIM hotA / jainadharma ke anusAra, kisI bhI vastu ke viSaya meM nirapekSa nirUpaNa saMbhava nahIM hai / vAstavikatA ise svIkAra nahIM karatI / yaha utpAda, vyaya, dhauvyAtmaka hai / isalie jainadarzana anekAMtavAdI mAnA jAtA hai -vividhatA meM ekarUpatA / isI dhAraNA se bahuvAdI vizva kA sAmAnya siddhAnta vikasita huA hai / (ba) khuzavaMta siMha ke bhArata ke viSaya meM vicAra * DA0 ke0jaina, bhiMDa, ma0 pra0 jaina dharma : bhAratIyoM kI dRSTi meM 35 bhArata meM jainoM aura bauddhoM kI saMkhyA adhika nahIM hai / jo hai bhI, unheM hindU hI mAnA jAtA hai| inakA kevala aitihAsika mahattva hai kyoMki ye brAhmaNavAdI hinduo ke virodha meM ghaTita AndolanoM kA pratinidhitva karate haiM / inhoMne uttaravartI hinduoM ko prabhAvita kiyA hai / jainadharma jaina zabda 'jina' dhAtu ( jItanA ) se vyutpanna huA hai, ataH jaina vaha hai jisane svayaM ( ke doSoM) para vijaya pAI ho / jainoM kA vizvAsa hai ki unake dharma kA vikAsa caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ( nadI kA ghATa pAra karane vAle ) ne kiyA hai / inameM RSabhanAtha, ajitanAtha tathA ariSTanemi ne inake siddhAntoM ko vyavasthita kiyA hai / inake adhikAMza tIrthaMkara caritra paurANika haiM / lekina inake teisaveM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha ( 872 - 772 I0 pU0 ) aura caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra (599-527 I0 pU0 ) ke viSaya meM vizvasanIya aitihAsika sAkSya pAye jAte haiM / yaha vizvAsa karane ke kAraNa haiM ki jainadharma kA prAraMbhika vikAsa brAhmaNavAdI hindUdharma ke viruddha pratikriyA ke phalasvarUpa huA / jainoM ne anya dharmoM se bhI preraNA grahaNa kii| inameM pArasIdharma pramukha hai jo usI samaya IrAna meM vikasita ho rahA thA / jaina purANoM kA AvartI lakSaNa yaha hai ki ina sabhI meM pIr3hI-dara-pIDhI bhalAI aura burAI ke bIca lagAtAra yuddha dikhAyA gayA hai| kAyana aura aibala (Cain and Abil) ke bIca bhrAtRghAtI sAmantaprathA kA dvandva dikhAyA gayA hai| prakAza aura aMdhakAra ke baloM ke bIca yuddha batAyA gayA hai / jarathusta ke upadezoM kA kendra bindu bhI ahuramajdA aura aMgu menyu ke bIca yuddha hI rahA hai / pArasI pizAca ko kaMdhoM para bane hue sAMpa ke rUpa meM nirUpita karate haiM / yahI bAta jaina pratimAoM ( pAzvanAtha ) meM bhI pAI jAtI hai / yadyapi jaina vidvAn vaidika yuga se hI jainadharma kI utpatti mAnate haiM, para adhikAMza sAmAnyajana mahAvIra ko hI isakA saMsthApaka mAnate haiM saMpAdaka rAhula siMha, Ai0 bI0 eca0 pabliziMga kaMpanI, bambaI, 1982 peja 52-57 /

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36 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa vardhamAna mahAvIra kA janma paTanA ke uttara meM sthita kuMDagrAma meM 599 I0 pU0 meM huA thaa| ve eka jAgoradAra ke dvitIyaputra the aura vilAsI vAtAvaraNa meM inakA lAlana-pAlana huaa| jaina parigaNana priya hote haiN| tadanusAra, mahAvIra kA pAlana pAMca sevikAyeM ( narseja ) karatI thI aura vaha pAMca prakAra ke sUkha bhogate the| yuvAvasthA meM unakA vivAha huA / ve eka putrI ke pitA bane / lekina putrI, patnI evaM rAjakAja meM unakA mana nahIM lagatA thaa| mAtA-pitA kI ( saMbhavataH AtmahatyA se ) mRtyu hone para usane apane bar3e bhAI se sanyAsa lene kI AjJA maaNgii| isa samaya unakI Ayu tIsa varSa kI thii| bAraha varSa taka unhoMne dhyAna kiyA, upavAsa kiye / dhyAna ke samaya ve aisA Asana lagAte the jisameM er3I jur3I raheM aura Upara rahe, mastiSka nIcA rahe aura sUrya ke sAmane rahe / pUrNa dhyAna kI avasthA meM unheM kevalajJAna yA sarvajJatA prApta huI / vaha nirgrantha ho gaye / / mahAvIra ne vastroM kA tyAga kiyaa| unhoMne nagna hokara tIsa varSa taka sthAna-sthAna para bihAra kiyaa| ve kisI se bolate nahIM the| kahIM bhI eka rAta se jyAdA nahIM Thaharate the| vaha kaccA (yA ubAlA) bhojana karate the aura chanA pAnI pIte the / ve kRmiyoM ko zarIra para rahane dete the| ve apane sAtha eka pIchI rakhate the jisase calate samaya mArga meM jIvoM ko hAni na pahuMce / janatA prAyaH una para vyaMgya kasatI thI aura unheM kaSTa detI thii| lekina ve kisI se kucha nahIM kahate the / unakA nirvANa 527 I0 pU0 meM huA / jainoM ke anusAra ve bahattara varSa kI umra meM janma, vRddhAvasthA evaM mRtyu ke baMdhanoM se mukta hue / apane pUrvavartI tIrthaMkaroM ke samAna mahAvIra ne bhI jaina siddhAntoM kA vargIkaraNa aura parigaNana kiyA hai / isa vargIkaraNa kI kucha prAthamikatAyeM yahA~ dI jA rahI haiM / nau prakAra ke puNya kArya hote haiM, aThAraha prakAra kI pApakriyAyeM hotI hai, pApamaya kAryoM ke daNDa ke bayAsI prakAra haiM / jJAna mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala ke bheda se pAMca prakAra kA hai / isa siddhAnta ke vizleSaNa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| unakA jIva-zakti siddhAnta dhArmika dRSTi se atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| mahAvIra ne batAyA ki sabhI sajIva evaM nirjIva padArthoM meM jIva hotA hai / pRthvI, jala, vAyu, agni evaM vanaspati sabhI meM jIvana hotA hai| kisI kA jIvana lenA sarvAdhika ghRNita kArya hai| nirmama tarka ke AdhAra para eka jaina grantha meM kahA hai. "jo battI jalAtA hai. vaha jIvahatyA karatA hai| jo ise banAtA hai, vaha agni kI hatyA karatA hai|" jaina hAilojoijma kA yaha eka carama udAharaNa hai| - jainoM meM karma yA kriyA ke sattAvana bheda haiN| inakI prakRti kaNamaya hotI hai| ye jIva meM pravAhita hote haiM aura use bhArI banAte haiM / yaha ThIka usI prakAra mAnanA cAhiye jaise zarIra meM saMcita yUrika amla gaThiyA roga utpanna karatA hai aura bore meM bAlU bharane se vaha bhArI ho jAtA hai| AtmA yA jIva eka bulabule yA gubbAre ke samAna hai jisameM UrdhvagAmI vRtti hotI hai / karma ke kAraNa yaha bhArI ho jAtA hai| karma na kevala hamAre vartamAna sAMsArika astitva yA rUpa ko prabhAvita karatA hai, apitu yaha hameM janma, mRtyu aura punarjanma ke cakra meM bhI phaMsAye rakhatA hai / mAnava jIvana kA uddezya saMvara ke dvArA karmoM kA Asrava rokanA tathA tapa ke dvArA ekatra karmo kI nirjarA karanA hai| yaha nirjarA taba pUrI mAnI jAtI hai jaba karmabIja pUrNataH naSTa ho jAtA hai| ___ jaina niSkriya dharma nahIM hai| yaha aisI kriyAoM kI anuzaMsA karatA hai jinase mAnava ke bhUtakAlIna karma aura icchAyeM samApta ho jAveM / jaina granthoM meM likhA hai, "tuma apane hI mitra ho, tuma apane se bhinna kisI anya mitra ko kyoM khoja rahe ho ? jIva svaya kA nirmAtA hai| yaha sukha-duHkha kA kartA hai, apane bhale-bure kI dazAyeM nirmita karatA hai, yaha narka kI duHkha-nadI kA nirmANa karatA hai / " isa dRSTi ko hI kriyAvAda kA siddhAnta kahate haiN|

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jaina dharma : bhAratIyoM kI dRSTi meM 37 mukti kA mArga triratnamayI hai : samyak darzana yA zraddhA, samyak jJAna evaM samyaka cAritra / samyak-zraddhA meM nimna pA~ca siddhAnta varNita hai-ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha / jaina jaba sAdhuvRtti grahaNa karatA hai, to nimna zapatha letA hai "maiM zramaNa banUMgA / maiM ghara, sampatti, putra, pazu Adi kucha nahIM rakhUgA / maiM vaha khAU~gA jo dUsare loga mujhe deMge / maiM pApa kArya nahIM kruuNgaa|" isa AdhAra para vartamAna aura bhAvI jIvana karma-bandha se mukta hotA hai / jIva paramAtmA meM vilIna ho jAtA hai / yaha samudra meM osa vinduoM kA galana hai / jaina prayatnoM kA sarvocca dhyeya paramAtmA meM vilIna honA hai / jainoM kA svarga zAMta, surakSita tathA sukhI kSetra hai / vahA~ bur3hApA, dukha, roga va mRtyu nahIM hote / jaina mata meM Izvara ko koI sthAna nahIM hai| isake viparyAsa meM, jaina pUrNa vikasita manuSyoM meM vizvAsa karate haiN| unake anusAra nirvANa kevala mAnava yoni se hI ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra, jaina jAti prathA tathA brAhmaNavAda ke poSaka vedoM ko bhI mAnyatA nahIM dete / jaina do vargoM meM vibhakta ho gaye haiM : digambara aura zvetAmbara / digambara nagna rahate haiM, AgamoM ko mAnyatA nahIM dete aura mahilAoM ko sAdhupada ke adhikArI nahIM mAnate / jalavAyu sambandhI pratyakSa kAraNoM se zvetAmbara uttara bhArata ke zIta kSetroM meM aura digambara dakSiNa bhArata ke uSNa kSetroM meM pAye dhAte haiN| inakA eka sampradAya ora haisthAnakavAsI / ye na mUrti pUjate haiM, na prArthanA karate haiM / inake anusAra, AtmA sabho jagaha maujUda rahatI hai| hama yaha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kaha sakate ki vibhinna yugoM meM jainoM kI sthiti kyA thI ? lekina isa bAta ke paryApta pramANa haiM ki unhoMne aneka vicArakoM ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| uttara bhArata meM unheM candragupta maurya kA rAjyAzraya milA / dakSiNa bhArata meM unheM hoyasaloM kA saMrakSaNa milaa| ye sadaiva sApekSataH dhanI rahe aura inhoMne kalAoM ko saMrakSaNa diyaa| isa deza meM unake kucha mandira sabase sundara mAne jAte haiN| jana sthApatya kalA ke kucha sundara udAharaNoM ke rUpa meM bihAra meM pArasanAtha pahAr3I, giranAra, pAlotAnA meM zatrujaya, rANakapura aura AbU parvata para dilavAr3A mandira ke nAma liye jA sakate haiN| jaina mUrtiyA~ hindU aura bauddha mUrtiyoM se bhinna hotI haiM / jainoM kA kahanA hai "bhakta ke lie mUrti darpaNa ke sAmane kamala ke samAna hotI hai| mAnava kA mastiSka usake samakSa vidyamAna vastu se prabhAvita evaM raMjita hotA hai| isalie jaina pratimAeM vibhAvahIna aura zAnta hotI hai| jaina sAdhu kahate haiM," kisI sundara mahilA ke nagna zava para kAmuka, kuttA evaM saMta kI pratikriyAoM para vicAra kro| kAmuka usase bhoga karanA cAhegA, kuttA use khAnA cAhegA aura santa usako AtmA kI sadgati caahegaa| isalie tumheM isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki dhyAna karate samaya tuma jo bhI dekho, vaha dhyAna ke uddezyoM ke anurUpa honA cAhiye / " madhyayuga meM hinduoM ke punarjAgaraNa eva zaivoM dvArA anya matAvalambiyoM ko pIr3ita karane kI prakriyA kA jainoM para bahuta prabhAva par3A / isase jainoM ko bar3I hAni huI kyoMki ve hinduoM se sarvAdhika sambandhita the / inakA hinduoM meM ikataraphA vivAha bhI hotA thaa| svayaM ko saMgaThita kara astitva banAye rakhane ke jainoM ke prayatnoM ko bahuta saphalatA nahIM milI / 1893 meM akhila bhAratIya jaina sammelana kA gaThana kiyA gyaa| isake chaha varSa bAda 1899 meM jaina yuvA pariSad gaThita kI gaI jo 1910 meM bhArata jaina mahAmaNDala ke rUpa meM pariNata huI / isakA uddezya hai-maitrI bhAva se sabako jItA jA sakatA hai / bhArata meM jainoM kA prabhAva unakI sApekSa sampannatA ke kAraNa hai| DAlamiyA, sArAbhAI, bAlacanda, kastUrabhAI lAlabhAI, sAhU jaina Adi bhArata ke bar3e-bar3e audyogika gharAne jaina haiN| inakI sAkSaratA bhI ucca hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI jainoM ke ahiMsA siddhAnta se bar3e prabhAvita hue the| unhoMne inake naitika aura vyaktigata siddhAnta ko rASTrIya evaM rAjanItika rUpa dekara Age bddh'aayaa|

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vartamAna nyAya vyavasthA kA AdhAra dhArmika AcAra saMhitA sohanarAja koThArI jilA evaM sezana nyAyAdhIza (sevA nivRtta) vyakti kI mUla-bhUta bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika AvazyakatAoM kI saMpUrti ke sAdhanoM kI sAmUhika surakSA, saMtulana va vikAsa ko gati dene hetu sAmuhika zakti ke rUpa meM "samAja" kA abhyudaya huA aura samAja ne apane sadasyoM ke hitoM meM sAmaMjasya biThAne ke liye naitikatA ke AdhAra para AcAra saMhitA kA nirmANa kiyA / naitikatA kA mUla 'dharma' yA 'adhyAtma' hai aura dharma yA adhyAtma kA phUla naitikatA hai, naitikatA vihIna dharma ko kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI aura dharma vihIna naitikatA kA koI AkAra hI nahIM bana pAtA / aisI sthiti meM samAja dvArA saMracita evaM pravartita AcAra saMhitA, jise hama "kAnUna" kI saMjJA de sakate haiM, usakA udgama vastutaH dharma ho rahA hai, isaliye dharmAcaraNa ke niyamopaniyama va 'kAnUna' ke anusAra samAja vyavasthA sUtra lagabhaga samAna rahe haiN| donoM vyavasthAoM meM aMtara kevala itanA hI hai ki samAja dvArA sthApita nyAya vyavasthA ke AdhAra va "kAnUna" kI paripAlanA Avazyaka taura se samAja kI bAhya zakti"prazAsana" vyakti ko vivaza karake karavAtA hai aura paripAlanA na karane para vyakti ko daMDita kiyA jA sakatA hai, para dharmAcaraNa ke niyamopaniyama, jinheM "vrata" kahA jAtA hai, usakI paripAlanA vyakti ko svecchA se, apane AtmAnuzAsana se prerita hokara hI karanI hotI hai va usameM dabAva, bhaya yA pratAr3anA ko koI sthAna nahIM hai| samAja ke adhikAMza vyaktiyoM ke viveka evaM aMtara-bhAvanA itane jAgRta nahIM hote ki ve svecchA se apane hitoM kI rakSA meM dUsaroM ke hitoM para utanA hI dhyAna rakha sakeM, ataH vyakti ke svayaM ke hitoM kI rakSA ke prayAsa meM dUsaroM ke hitoM kA atikramaNa na ho, isa hetu prazAsana ke eka viziSTa aMga "nyAya vyavasthA" kI prasthApanA huii| isake aMtargata samAja kI sAmuhika AcAra saMhitA "kAnana" kI paripAlanA na karane vAloM ko daMDita evaM pratAr3ita karane kA prAvadhAna kiyA gayA tAki samAja vyavasthA saMtulita evaM sucArurUpa se raha sake evaM samAja kA pratyeka sadasya apane vyaktitva, saMpatti, bhAvanAoM va vRttiyoM ko surakSita rakhakara anya logoM ke sAtha sAmaMjasya pUrvaka raha sake va samAja meM zAMti va sukha banA rhe| ___ bhArata meM aneka dharmasaMsthAeM haiM va unhoMne apane alaga-alaga dharmAcaraNa ke niyamopaniyama banA rakhe haiN| hAlAMki sabakA AdhAra ahiMsA, acaurya, satya, brahmacarya, aparigraha Adi hI haiM, para una sabakA vivecana ka nahIM hai| isa nibaMdha meM maiM kevala jaina dharma dvArA praNIta AcAra saMhitA evaM kAnUna kI dhArAoM meM kara yaha batAne kA prayAsa karUMgA ki unameM adbhuta ekarUpatA evaM sAmya hai va hara sthiti meM ve eka dUsare ke pUraka avazya hai| jaina dharmAcaraNa kA vartamAna svarUpa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI anubhUta evaM zAzvata satya se prerita vANI hai, jo vigata goM se jana-cetanA ko jAgRta karatI rahI hai / jaina dharma ke sabhI saMpradAyoM meM sAmAjika logoM kI AcArasaMhitA kA svarUpa eka hI prakAra kA hai va susthira hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne vyakti evaM samAja ke pariSkAra hetu ahiMsA, satya, acoyaM, brahmacarya va aparigraha ke AdhAra para kucha mUlabhUta niyamoM kA praNayana kiyA / bhagavAn ne, una logoM ke liye jo saMsAra kI sArI pravRttiyoM se virata hokara mAtra AtmalakSI banAnA cAhate hoM, "anAgAra dharma" kA vidhAna kiyA, jisameM ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya evaM aparigraha kI mana, vacana va zarIra se sarvAMza paripAlanA karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA

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vartamAna nyAya vyavasthA kA AdhAra : dhArmika AcAra saMhitA 39 para yaha dharma sAre samAja ke liye na to upayogI hai aura na prAsaMgika ho, ataH usakI yahA~ carcA karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne una logoM ke liye, jo gahastha yA samAja meM rahakara, apano jIvikopArjana karate ho, va sAmAjika uttaradAyitva kA nirvAha karate hoM, 'AgAra dharma' kA vidhAna kiyA, jisameM ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya evaM aparigraha kA laghurUpa meM yA AMzika paripAlanA kA nirdeza diyaa| 'anAgAra dharma' kA AdhAra "mahAvrata" va AgAra dharma kA AdhAra "aNuvrata" khlaayaa| isa nibaMdha kA viSaya sAmAjika jIvana se saMbaMdhita hone ke kAraNa, hamArI sArI carcA kA viSaya "aNuvrata' hogaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gRhastha anuyAyI jo unakI vANI kA zravaNa karake, apane jIvana ko kAraka yA saphala banAte the, "zrAvaka" kahalAte the, aura "aNuvrata' kA vidhAna zrAvaka jIvana kI hI AcAra saMhitA hai / nyAya vyavasthA meM sAmAjika logoM se sunAgarika banane kI apekSA kI jAto hai aura nAgarikatA ko vikRta karane yA bhraSTa karane kI pravRttiyoM ko aparAdha mAnA jAtA hai aura isI AdhAra para daMDa vyavasthA kI saMracanA ko gaI hai / daMDa vyavasthA kA vizad evaM nizcita AkAra "bhAratIya daMDa saMhitA" meM sannihita hai evaM vyaktigata saMpatti ke adhikAroM kI rakSA kA vizad vivecana "bhAratIya savidA adhiniyama" Adi vyavahAra prakriyAoM meM sannihita hai| kisI ko aparAdhI ThaharAne yA saMvidA kI vaidhatA yA usakI paripAlanA kA nirdeza dene ke pUrva pramANa juTAye jAne kI sArI prakriyA "bhAratIya sAkSya adhiniyama" meM samAviSTa kI gaI hai / "bhAratIya daNDa saMhitA", "saMvidA adhiniyama", "sAkSya adhiniyama' kA isa deza ko nyAya vyavasthA meM gata do zatAbdiyoM se niratara prayoga kiyA jAtA rahA hai aura samaya kI dIrgha avadhi va parivartita paristhitiyoM ke uparAMta bhI, ina saMvidAoM meM aba taka koI sArabhUta parivartana yA saMzodhana nahIM huA hai, jisase lagatA hai ki inameM ullekhita AcAra saMhitA ke prAvadhAnoM kA sthAyI mahatva hai| jaina dharma meM sAmAjika jIvana meM rata "zrAvaka" kI AcAra saMhitA evaM ina adhiniyamoM va saMhitAoM meM varNita AcAra sahitA kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane para aisA spaSTa vidita hotA hai, ki donoM meM apUrva sAmya va ekarUpatA hai jo nimnalikhita sAraNo se ujAgara ho sakatI hai : sAraNI 1. jaina AcAra evaM daNDa-saMhitA zrAvaka ke vrata va atidhAra daMDa saMhitA ke aMtargata daMDanIya aparAdha 1. prathama ahiMsA aNuvrata 1. kisI vyakti kA sadoSa aparAdha yA parirodha (sthUla prANAtipAta kA tyAga ) ___ karanA ( dhArA 341 se 348) e-vrata 2. abhitrAsa pahu~cAnA ( dhArA 506, 507) 3. parirodha ke liye vyayaharaNa yA apaharaNa ( dhArA zarIra meM poDAkArI, aparAdhI tathA sApekSa niraparAdhI 363 se 365) ke sivAya zeSa, dvIndriya Adi calate-phirate 4. soddezya hatyA yA mAnava vadha (dhArA 302-304) jIvoM ko saMkalpa pUrvaka hiMsA karane kA tyAga, 5. Atma hatyA yA hatyA kA prayAsa (dhArA 309bI-aticAra 307), 1. jIvoM ko baMdhana meM lenA, garbhapAta kArita, karanA yA bhrUNa hatyA (dhArA 2. jIvoM kA vadha karanA, 312-318), 3. jIvoM ke aMga upAMga kA chedana bhedana karanA, svecchA se tIkSNa yA moTe hathiyAra se sAdhAraNa 4. jIvoM para adhibhAra lAdanA, yA gaMbhIra coTa kArita, karanA yA aMgopAga kA 5. apane Azrita jIvoM ko AhAra pAnI se vaMcita chedana karanA (dhArA 323 se 326, 237 se rakhanA, 338). 6.

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. 40 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa 8. hamalA yA aparAdhika bala prayoga karanA (dhArA 352 se 358), 9. jana zAMtibhaMga karanA-( daMgA, varga saMgharSa, vidhi viruddha jamAva Adi ) (dhArA 143-150), 10.riSTI kArita karanA (dhArA 427-440) 11. vidhi viruddha anivArya zrama ( dhArA 374 ), 12. dAsa ke rUpa meM kisI vyakti ko kharIdanA yA vyaya haraNa (dhArA 370-71 ) / 2. dvitIya satya aNubrata (sthUla mRSAvAda kA tyAga ) e-vrata 1. kanyA ke viSaya meM asatya bhASaNa kA tyAga, 2. pazu ke viSaya meM asatya bhASaNa kA tyAga, 3. bhUmi ke viSaya meM asatya bhASaNa kA tyAga, 4. dharohara dabAnA yA usa viSaya meM asatya bhASaNa kA tyAga, 5. asatya sAkSI kA tyAga / bo-avicAra 1. binA vicAra kiye kisI para mithyA Aropa lagAnA, ekAnta meM maMtraNA karate hae vyaktiyoM para mithyA Aropa lagAnA, 3.. vizvAsa karane vAle strI yA mitra Adi kI gupta mantraNA prakAzita karanA, 4. binA vicAre yA anupayoga se dUsaroM ko asatya upadeza denA, 5. kUTa lekha kI racanA karanA / 3. tRtIya acaurya aNuvrata (sthUla adattAdAna kA tyAga) e-vrata 1. khAta khananA, 1. mithyA ghoSaNA, mithyA pramANapatra, sAkSya vilo pana, mithyA sUcanA, mithyA dAvA, mithyA Aropa (dhArA 197-212), 2. nyAyika kAryavAhI meM mithyA sAkSya denA aura gar3hanA (dhArA 193-196 ), 3. kUTa racanA yA mithyA lekhA karaNa ( lekhya patra, ... mudrA, paTTA Adi kA ) ( dhArA 475-477 ), 4. chala kapaTa ( dhArA 417-24 ) 5. nyAsa bhaMga ( dhArA 406-409), 6. mAnahAni ( dhArA 500-502 ), 7. kisI varga ke dharma yA dhArmika vizvAsa kA apa mAna (dhArA 295-298), 8. jaMgama sampatti yA anya sampatti kA durviniyoga (dhArA 403 se 405), 9. aparAdhI yA luTere, DAkU ko prazraya denA (dhArA 212 se 216), 1. corI (dhArA 379 se 382), 2. aticAra, gRha avicAra, pracchanna gRha aticAra, gRha bhedana, rAtri gRhabhedana (dhArA 447 se 462), 2. gAMTha khola kara cIja nikAlanA,

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2] 3. jeba kATanA, 4. dUsaroM ke tAle ko binA svAmI kI AjJA ke tor3anA yA kholanA, 5. mArga meM calate hue ko lUTanA, 6. svAmI kA patA hote hue kisI kI par3I vastu lene kA tyAga / bI- aticAra 1. cora kI curAI vastu ko lenA, 2. cora ko corI ke liye denA yA becanA yA cora 3. rAjya niSiddha vastu kA dUsare rAjya meM praveza, vartamAna nyAya vyavasthA kA AdhAra : dhAmika AcAra saMhitA 41 uddApana ( dhArA 484 se 389), lUTa yA lUTa kA prayAsa (dhArA 392 se 394), Dakaito yA usakA prayAsa (dhArA 392 se 397), curAI huI sampatti ko jAnate hue prApta karanA ( dhArA 411 se 414), 7. khoTe bAMTa yA mApa kA kapaTa pUrvaka prayoga karanA yA banAnA (dhArA 264 se 267), 8. vikraya ke liye AyAtita tela, khAdya, auSadha, bheSaja, yA peya kA apamizraNa ( dhArA 272 se 276), 9. loka jala srota yA jalAzaya kA jala kaluSita karanA yA vAyu maNDala ko apAyakara banAnA (dhArA 277 se 278 ) / 4. kUTa tola mApa, 5. apamizraNa - sarasa meM nIrasa yA asalI meM nakalI vastu kA mizraNa | preraNA denA, upakaraNa kI sahAyatA karanA, vyApAra yA usa hetu 4. caturthaM brahmacarya aNuvrata e-vata 1. sva strI ke sAtha saMbhoga kI maryAdA, 2. parastrI, vezyA, tiryaMca, devI devatA ke sAtha saMbhoga kA tyAga / bI- aticAra 1. kucha samaya ke liye adhIna kI huI strI se gamana karanA yA alpa vaya vAlI apanI patnI se gamana karanA yA usa hetu AlApa saMlApa karanA, 2. vivAhita patnI ke sivAya zeSa striyoM - vezyA, anAtha kanyA, vidhavA, kulavadhu parastrI Adi parigRhItA ke sAtha AlApa saMlApa karanA yA maithuna karanA, 3. aprAkRtika maithuna, 4. parAye vivAha karAnA, 5. kAma bhoga tovra abhilASA se karanA / 6 3. 4. 5. 6. vizeSa - bhAratIya khAdya apamizraNa adhiniyama meM vizeSa kaThora daNDa dene kA prAvadhAna hai / 1. kisI strI ko vivAha karane ke liye vivaza karane yA bhraSTa karane ke liye apaharaNa (dhArA 366), 2. alpa vayaska lar3ako kA upAyana (367), 3. videza se lar3akiyoM kA AyAta niryAta (366ka), 4. balAtkAra e-12 varSa se kama Ayu kI apanI patnI ke sAtha saMyoga, bI - anya kisI strI ke sAtha usakI binA icchA va sahamati ke saMbhoga (dhArA 376), 5. 6. 7. pati yA patnI ke jIvana kAla meM dUsarA vivAha prakRtiviruddha maithuna (dhArA 377 ), pravacanA pUrvaka vivAha ( dhArA 473), ( dhArA 494 ), jAra karma yA vyabhicAra ( dhArA 497, 498), 9. strI kI lajjA bhaMga karane ke liye bala prayoga 8. ( dhArA 354),

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42 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa 10. strI kI lajjA kA anAdara karane ke Azaya se apazabda kahanA yA aMga vikSepa karanA (dhArA 509), 11. azlIla pustakoM va vastuoM kA kraya yA azlIla saMgAna (dhArA 292 se 294) / 5. pAMcavA aparigraha aNuvrata kSetra, vAstu, hiraNya-suvarNa, dvipada, catuSpada, dhana, isa dizA meM kAnUna meM abhI koI prAvadhAna nahIM hai dhAnya, gRha sAmagrI Adi nava prakAra ke parigraha "bhU sIliMga adhiniyama se bhUmi kI sImA kI jA kI maryAdA krnaa| rahI hai-kAlAMtara meM zaharI sampatti kI sImA karane bI-aticAra kA kAnUnI prAvadhAna karane kI carcA hai| kSetra, vAstu, hiraNya, suvarNa, dvipada, catuSpada, dhana, 1. loka sevaka dvArA bhraSTa va avaidha sAdhanoM se dhAnya, gRha sAmagrI kI maryAdA kA atikramaNa / paritoSa prApta karanA yA lenA aparAdha hai (dhArA 161 se 171), 2. bhraSTAcAra nirodhaka adhiniyama meM isake liye __ kaThora daNDa kA prAvadhAna hai, vrata paripAlana yA aticAra sevana kI sImA aparAdha kI sImA zrAvaka apane vratoM kA pAlana mana, vacana va aparAdha hI daNDanIya nahIM hai para usakI preraNA Adi zarIra se karatA hai va karAne taka, vrata pAlana bhI daNDanIya hai, jisake prAvadhAna isa prakAra hai : kI sImA hai| aticAroM ke sevana se bhI vaha 1. duSpreraNA (dhArA 109 se 117), karane-karAne kI sImA taka bacatA hai / anumodana 2. aparAdha karane kI parikalpanA ko chipAnA karanA usake liye apavAda svarUpa hai va usase (dhArA 118 se 120), vrata bhaMga yA aticAra sevana nahIM hotaa| 3. aparAdha karane kI sadbhAvanA (dhArA 34), 4. aparAdha karane kA saha-uddezya (dhArA 42). 5. SaDyaMtra (dhArA 120 bI, 121 se 130) / isa prasaMga meM eka bAta aura dhyAna dene yogya hai ki jisa taraha dharmAcaraNa kI preraNA kA mUla AdhAra AtmA kI pavitratA va naitika zakti meM vizvAsa hai, usI taraha aparAdhoM kI daNDa vyavasthA kA AdhAra bhI kramazaH usI dizA meM gatimAna huA hai| dharmAcaraNa meM to prArambha se hI durAcaraNoM ko chor3ane kI preraNA dI gaI hai. para usake paripAlana ke pIche bAhya zakti-prayoga kI kamI hone se sAre samAja para usakA tatkAla prabhAva nahIM par3a paayaa| ataH nyAya prakriyA meM daNDa vyavasthA ke jariye sadAcaraNoM kI saMhitA ke ullaMghana karane vAle kAryoM ko prazAsana ke jariye daNDanIya banAyA gayA / prArambha meM corI karane vAle ke hAtha kATa diye jAte the, kudRSTi kA daNDa A~kha phor3anA thA, aMgopAMga chedana karane vAle ko vaisA hI daNDa diyA jAtA, hatyA yA mAnava badha karane vAle ko khule Ama zUlI, phA~sI yA boTI boTI kATa kara kuttoM, kAgoM se nucavAnA, Adi the, para jyoM jyoM sabhyatA va saMskRti kA vikAsa huA va sAmuhika karuNA va samatA kA vistAra huA, tyoM tyoM isa prakAra ke nirmama evaM duSTatApUrNa daNDoM ko samApta kara diyA gayA / vartamAna sArI daNDa vyavasthA mAtra sImita kArAvAsa yA arthadaNDa para hI AdhArita hai tAki usameM aparAdhI kI bhAvanA kA mUlyAMkara ho sake va usake hRdaya parivartana yA sudhAra kA avakAza rahe / itanA hI nahIM aba to kArAvAsa ke banda AvAsa-sthala aneka sthAnoM para

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2] vartamAna nyAya vyavasthA kA AdhAra : dhArmika AcAra saMhitA 43 khule kara diye gaye haiM va kArAvAsa meM aparAdhI ko zikSita karane, usake lie rojagAra juTAne va usake sadAcaraNa ko protsAhita karane ke vividha upakrama prazAsana dvArA calAye jA rahe haiN| sadvyavahAra va sadAcaraNa ke AdhAra para kArAvAsa kI avadhi ghaTAI bhI jA sakatI hai| bhAratIya parivIkSA adhiniyama kI dhArA 3,4,6 ke anusAra va daNDa prakriyA saMhitA kI dhArA 360 ke anusAra yaha anivArya kara diyA gayA hai ki AjIvana kArAvAsa va mRtyu daNDa se daNDita aparAdhoM ke sivAya sabhI prathama aparAdhoM meM yadi aparAdhI pazcAtApa kare, to use mAtra pratAr3anA dekara yA kisI sambhrAMta vyakti ke usake sadAcaraNa ke lie pratibaddha hone para use chor3a diyA jAye va sudhArane kA avasara diyA jaaye| jadhanya se jaghanya hatyA meM bhI kaI dezoM meM mRtyu daNDa ko samApta kara diyA gayA hai, aura hamAre deza meM bhI yaha daNDa mAtra apavAda svarUpa hI raha gayA hai| mere vicAra meM aisA lagatA hai ki dhIre dhIre nyAya prakriyA va daNDa vyavasthA bhI vizuddha dharmAcaraNa kI ora gatizola hai| yahAM yaha kahanA bhI anupayukta nahIM hogA ki prArambha meM jahA~ dharmAcaraNa ke niyama prANImAtra ke prati karuNAbhAva se prerita the, vahA~ kAnUna kI paripAlanA kevala manuSya jAti taka sImita thI, para aba kAnUna bhI prANImAtra ke prati dayA se prerita ho rahA hai / "bhAratIya pazu krUratA nivAraNa adhiniyama" "vanya jIva saMrakSaNa adhiniyama" "vRkSAvalI saMrakSaNa adhiniyama", "go vadha adhiniyama' Adi kAnUna isa bAta ke spaSTa saMketa hai ki nyAya vyavasthA samace prANi jagata ke kalyANa ke prati nirantara sajaga bana rahI haiN| kahIM kahIM to vartamAna nyAya vyavasthA ke niyama dharmAcaraNa ke siddhAntoM se bhI Age caraNa bar3hA rahe hai / zrAvaka kI AcArasaMhitA meM eka se adhika vivAha karane, lajjAbhaMga kA prayAsa ye karane, azlIla sAhitya yA vastu kA pradarzana karane, videza se lar3akiyoM kA AyAta-niryAta karane, loka jalAzaya yA vAyamaNDala ko pradaSita karane Adi aneka kAryakalApoM ko pApa kI koTi meM nahIM liyA gayA hai, para vartamAna nyAya vyavasthA meM ina sabako aparAdha kI koTi meM liyA gayA hai| ho sakatA hai ki zrAvaka kI AcAra saMhitA kA nirmANa karate samaya ye kArya kiye jAte hI nahIM hoM yA unakI vyApakatA na bar3hI ho / cAhe jo ho, yaha nizcita hai ki vartamAna nyAya vyavasthA dharmAcaraNa kI dizA meM pragati karane ke liye nirantara gatizIla va jAgarUka hai| isI krama meM yaha kahanA bhI prAsaMgika hogA ki mAtra daNDa vyavasthA hI nahIM, balki vyavahAra prakriyA meM ." bhI dharmAcaraNa ke siddhAntoM kA vyApaka prabhAva rahA hai| nyAya vyavasthA meM kisI ko doSI ThaharAne ke liye pUrva vyakti ke abhikathanoM ke AdhAra para hI niSkarSa nikAle jAte haiM va aise abhikathana nyAyAlaya ke samakSa sazapatha diye jAte hai| zapatha kI zabdAvalI, jo vidhi sammata hai, isa prakAra hai : ___ "maiM jo kucha kahU~gA, satya kahU~gA, satya ke sivAya kucha nahIM kahU~gA, Izvara merI sahAyatA kare" mAtra isa zabdAvalI se hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki nyAya vyavasthA ne dharma ko taraha hI satya bhASaNa ko pUrA mahatva diyA hai, va asakSya kathana ko nirarthaka mAnA hai va sAtha meM yaha bhI mAnA hai ki satya bhASaNa karane vAle kA Izvara sahAyaka hotA hai| mere vicAra meM mAtra yaha eka tathya hI isa bAta ko ujAgara karane ke lie paryApta hai ki nyAya vyavasthA va dharmAcaraNa malataH eka hai| bhAratIya sAkSya adhiniyama ke sAre prAvadhAna kevala satya-bhASaNa kI mahattA va prAmANikatA kA saMsparza kiye huye hai| isI prakAra 'saMvidA adhinayama' ke prAvadhAna bhI dharmAcaraNa ke paripArzva meM ho parikramA karate dA pratIta hote haiN| dhArmika AcAra saMhitA ko svIkAra karane yA usake pAlana karane vAle gRhastha yA dhAvaka ke liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha zuddha mana se vivekapUrvaka tyAga yA vrata kA sahI arthoM meM mahatva samajha kara svecchA se binA kisI dabAba yA pralobhana ke mAtra AtmA kI siddhi prApta karane ke lakSya ko lekara usakI samyak pAlana yA ArAdhanA kare / isI prakAra samAja me do vyakti yA samUha ke bIca saMvidA ko svIkAra karane yA pAlana karane vAle vyakti yA samUha ke liye yaha Avazyaka hai, ki ve svastha citta va vyasaka avasthAmeM saMvidA svIkAra kare va usake liye donoM pakSoM ko svatantra sammati ho va jisameM utpIDana, anucita prabhAva, kapaTa, mithyA vyasana, bhUla kA prayoga na huA ho aura jisakA pratiphala yA udadezya samyaka va vidhisammata ho| mere vicAra meM dharmAcaraNa meM jo mAnasika anabandha hotA hai. vahI saMvidA kI

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44 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa prakriyA meM vyAvahArika anubandha kA rUpa le letA hai| saMvidA adhiniyama meM eka aisA vilakSaNa prAvadhAna hai jo cirakAlika sAmAjika burAI juA, saTTA yA bAjI lagAne para bar3A kaThora prahAra karatA hai aura isa viSaya meM kI gaI saMvidA ko niSprabhAvI va zUnya mAnatA hai / mere vicAra meM isa adhiniyama kI eka hI dhArA dharmAcaraNa kI dRSTi se apUrva sAmAjika upalabdhi hai / saMvidA adhiniyama ke aneka aise prAvadhAna hai jo isa bAta ko spaSTatA se prakaTa karate haiM ki dharmAcaraNa ke siddhAntoM ko vyavahAra kI prakriyA meM utanA hI mahatvapUrNa sthAna milA hai, jitanA ki unakA dharma sAdhanA ke jagat meM sthAna hai| uparokta vivecana ke prakAza meM yaha nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki vartamAna nyAya vyavasthA va dhArmika AcAra saMhitA-donoM vyakti va samAja ke pariSkAra kA eka hI lakSya lekara nirmita hue hai, ataH donoM meM paryApta mAtrA meM ekarUpatA hai / para jaisA maiM Upara kaha cukA hai, donoM kI paripAlanA meM eka mahatvapUrNa antara hai| dharma saMhitA kI pAlanA vyakti svecchA se mAtra apanI AtmA kI sAkSI ke sahAre jIvana ko saMmujjavala banAne ke uddezya se karatA hai, ataH vyakti yA samAja sadhAra kA yaha rAstA sthAyI hote haye bhI lambA va durgama hai, jisameM kabhI kabhI phisalane kI AzaMkA bana sakatI hai| nyAya vyavasthA meM kAnana kI paripAlanA prazAsana kI zakti ke sahAre vyakti se anivAryataH karAI jAtI hai, ataH vyakti yA samAja sudhAra kA yaha rAstA asthAyI hote huye bhI tvarita phaladAyaka hotA hai para isameM zakti prayoga ke kAraNa kabhI kabhI vidroha va utpIDana kI AzaMkA nirantara banI rahatI hai| saca to yaha hai ki nyAya AcAra saMhitA jahA~ kaI binduoM para eka rUpa ho gaI hai vahA~ anya vinduoM para eka dUsare kI pUraka hai / AvazyakatA - isa bAta kI hai ki donoM meM santulana banA rahe, vyakti aura samAja ko dhArmika AcArasaMhitA ke prati svecchA se AkRSTa hone ke liye zikSA va anya mAdhyamoM ke jariye protsAhita kiyA jAye va samAja meM vyakti ke sammAna mAnavIya gaNoM ke AdhAra para kiyA jaaye| sAtha hI jo vyakti naitikatA vihIna AcaraNa ke liye udyata ho aura samAja va anya vyaktiyoM ke hitoM kI upekSA yA avamAnanA karane para tule hue hoM va jinakA ekamAtra lakSya bhaya aura AtaMka phailAnA bana gayA ho, unheM nyAya prakriyA ke anusAra daNDita kara sudhArane ke liye vivaza kiyA jaaye| donoM vyavasthAoM ko balazAlI banAyA jA kara paristhiti ke anurUpa prayoga kiyA jAye to merA nizcita vizvAsa hai ki samAja meM sukha aura zAnti kA vAtAvaraNa avazya bnegaa| anta meM maiM yaha bhI kahanA cAhU~gA zi nyAya vyavasthA kitanI ho sunizcita va prabhAvI ho yA dhArmika AcArasaMhitA kitanI hI zuddha va prAmANika ho, jaba taka usakI paripAlanA karAne vAloM yA karane vAloM kA caritra ujjavala evaM niSkalaMka nahIM hogA, taba taka ina donoM se kiso ko lAbha nahIM ho sakatA / dharmAcaraNa kI preraNA dene vAle dharmAcArya yA dharmAdhikArI kA caritra, yadi vAstava meM kisI prakAra ke daubalya se grasta nahIM ho, to unase sArA samAja svataHpreraNA pAkara sahI rAste para cala par3egA aura yadi paripAlanA karane vAle apane caritra ko ujjavala banAne ko saMkalpazIla hai, va abhaya aura asaMga bana kara apane kAryoM kA niSpAdana karate hai, to samAja kI pragati ko koI nahIM roka sktaa| isI prakAra nyAya vyavasthA ke saMcAlaka yA nyAyAdhikArI kA caritra yadi utkRSTa hai to nyAya vyavasthA ke sAre zreya tatvoM ko vaha prabhAvI banA sakegA, aura isa vyavasthA ko hara sthiti meM vizuddha rakhane ke liye yadi samAja meM sAhasa, saMkalpa aura sahayoga karane kI bhAvanA kA bala hai to samAja meM svatantratA, samatA evaM bhrAtRtva kA srota apane Apa phUTa pdd'egaa| hara acchI vyavasthA acche vyakti ke hAthoM meM nikhara uThatI hai aura bure vyakti ke hAthoM meM praduSita ho jAtI hai / isaliye donoM vyavasthAoM ko saphala banAne kI dizA meM usako prabhAvita karane vAlA manuSya yA vyakti caritravAna bne| yaha prAthamika va pramukha apekSA hai| maiM dhArmika AcAra saMhitA ko vartamAna nyAya vyavasthA kA AdhAra mAnatA hU~ aura nyAya vyavasthA ko usa saMhitA kA suphala mAnatA huuN| apekSA hai ki AdhAra santuSTa aura sukhada phala dene kI sambhAvanA vAlA ho aura phala sarasa, susvAdu va svastha ho tAki AdhAra kA sahI mUlyAMkana ho ske|

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An Analysis and Evaluation of Eastern and Western Philosophical Approaches DONALD H. BISHOP Philosophy Department, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, U. S. A. One of the values of modern technology is that it has made the world into a global village, a place in which interaction between people is taking place on a scale hitherto unknown. Such a characterization must be qualified, however, for, if the world has become such a village in a physical sense, it has not to nearly the same degree psychologically. We still remain behind mental and cultural walls. There is a time lag in our understanding of how others perceive the world. This essay is but one attempt to level the walls or overcome the time lag. I shall compare and evaluate Eastern and Western perspectives in regard to two areas especially, epistemology and metaphysics. A note of caution should be interjected at the beginning. Such comparisons necessitate a great deal of generalization, which is always hazardous. And it means that many perspectives within each tradition must be overlooked. Despite the inherent difficulties, however, comparative analysis of this type remains a commendable and fruitful one. In actual experience, epistemology and metaphysics are not separate. How we think may well, determine what we assert reality is like. I shall discuss them separately, however, in part because it is more manageable to do so. Let us consider, first of all, some characteristics of the epistemological tradition which has dominated the West, especially in the Modern Period, i. e. 1500 to the present. A major one is the tendency to think dualistically, that is, to see reality as consisting of pairs or sets of twos. Our language belies this. We use such terms as updown, here-there, soft-hard, heavy-light, black-white, right-wrong, good-bad, friend-enemy. As such terms demonstrate, we think dualistically not only in regard to the material world or the world of nature, but the world of persons as well. Moreover, we think dialectically as well as dualistically. For if we were to repeat the terms above, or some of them at least, we would see that the connective in each case is the term "or", up or down, here or there, soft or hard, right or wrong, good or bad, friend or enemy. What we see happening is the introduction of the principle or law

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46 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grankha [ aut of the excluded middle, the placing of an entity or person into one category to the exclusion of all others. This methodology, as a student of Western philosophy knows, goes back at least to the Greek philosoper Aristotle. Thus it has been a part of the Western tradition for centuries, Thinking dualistically is the basis of the two-value Western logical system (PP). It is at the root of our language structure, the subject/predicate object-type sentence. The process of categorization is grounded in it, for we place an entity into one category to the exclusion of any other. One value of dualistic thinking is that, put loosely, it provides us a ready way to get a handle on the world. That is to say, it facilitates a utilitarian attitude toward nature, since any entity which exists can be put into one category or another, or can be analyzed or interacted with in terms of projected categories. It should be emphasized again that there is a connection between thinking dualistically and the method categorization. In dealing with reality, and this goes back to Aristotle the scientist, we set up categories and then locate all entities we experience into a category. That object is in the category of tree, this a horse, that a person, this a male person. And again, neatly categorizing or compartmentalizing the world makes it easier to handle. There is another important aspects of dualistic and dialectical thinking, namely, the icea of opposition. We describe one end of the room as being the opposite of the other, and similarly with the floor and ceiling. When we extend this way of thinking to the human realm, we find ourselves thinking of one person as a friend in contrast to another as an enemy. We see, then, a process of extension going from different, to opposite, to enemy. We notice in this last statement another factor which has been brought in, namely, distinction. Dualistic, dialectical thinking is grounded in or involves the process of making distinctions or separating into categories on the basis of differences. A horse is not like a blade of grass; that is why they are designated differently. A horse and blade of grass are different from a person; thus a third term is employed to indicate a further distinction or difference. One might call this the method of particularization or individuation also, inasmuch as every existent is placed in a particular category. To sum up what has been said thus far, Western thinking, beginning with Greeks such as Aristotle, has been dualistic and dialectical. It has incorporated the principles of exclusion and opposition. It has involved the processes of differentiation, categorization, particularization and opposition. Interestingly, the epistemological process described is one in which the viewer or knower is assumed to be separate and different from the known. Thus we have the basic subject object, perceiver-perceived, or knower-known dualism. Among other things, this separation of knower and known reinforces the utilitarian attitude toward that which is known, since we are much less prone to exploit or use for our own ends the known, if it is different from rather than similar to us.

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Eastern and Western Philosophical Approaches X I turn now to another characteristic of Western epistemology as it has evolved in the modern period especially, and that is the emphasis on sense knowledge or knowing through the senses. Empiricism is an inevitable concomitant of epistemological dualism. For if the known and knower are separate, the only way it can be known is through the senses. The object, existing separately from us, is inert and is an entity which we see, touch, smell, etc. What this means is that all we can know about the known is what is externally verifiable about it. The known can be known only in terms of its external attributes, characteristics or form. We cannot know it in terms of its essence or that which transcends or underpins the attributes. Indeed, from an empiricist's perspective, there is no essence; the known has no "isness". The known is characterized by and is known only in terms of its attributes. Thus all a thing is in its attributes. This leads one back again to the suggestion that we have still another reinforcement for the utilitarian-exploitation view or attitude toward reality or nature. Its components have no essence either to be violated or to be respected and considered inviolable. Whatever exists, exists as an object, known externally or in terms of its attributes and subject to the will and usefulness of the knower. Another characteristic of the Western epistemological tradition is its emphasis upon reason or rationalism. We must, however, define rationalism or indicate what we are referring to when we talk about Western rationalism. If we define rationalism as analysis, then analysis is the process of breaking up reality or dividing it into parts in order to understand and thus better manage, use or manipulate it. In that case not only is the purpose of knowing morally questionable, the method is a dubious one since it assumes that the nature of reality is not distorted or violated as it is broken down into parts to be analyzed. If reasoning is the inductive process of going from the particular to the universal or inferring from particulars to universals, we are no further ahead because the nature of the universal is determined by the nature of what it started with, namely the particulars; or the rational process is limited by its starting point, the observed particular or the particular as known through the senses; or the universal one ends with is an artificial construct since it is an assemblage of observed particulars. Thirdly, if rationalism or reasoning is the process of drawing conclusions from premises, we are in a circulatory bind because the content of the premises is derived from empirical observation, or it consists of data gotten through the senses. Finally, we may conceive of reasoning or logical thinking as the determining of the consistencies or inconsistencies between things or between assertions. In that case, however, all we can know is consistency or inconsistency-reasoning does not help us to know thing-in-itself, to use Kant's terminology.

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48 paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ 83 If we mean by rationalism one or the other of the above, and I believe that is what it means in the Modern period in the West, then rationalism only reinforces rather than transcending or becoming an alternative to the empiricism dominating modern Western epistemology. Rationalism is simply a handmaiden to empiricism and is of no or little help in our efforts to know reality in itself, untouched or altered by us, or to determine how to morally use it. One is reminded of the Buddha's observation that, "Neither is there any room for truth in rationality. Rationality is a two-edged sword and serves the purpose of love equally as well as the purpose of hatred. Rationality is the platform on which the truth standeth. No truth is atainable without reason. Nevertheless, in mere rationality there is no room for truth, though it be the instrument that masters the things of the world." As I indicated at the beginning, epistemology and metaphysics are inseparable and this makes it easier to describe Western metaphysical views, once some of the epistemological ones have been indicated. An obvious one to begin with is the perception of nature or reality as dualistic and dialectical, made up of entities exclusive of and antagonistic toward each other. When one adds to this the view that nature is categorizable, the evoltutionary theory or view is a natural one. We see in nature various categories of beings, conflicts between categories as well as within members of each category, and change or progress as resulting from classes between the species, or the failure or success of a species to adapt to its environment. The metaphysical correlate of epistemological empiricism is the view that reality is material in nature, that only physical objects exist, that the material is the only reality and is known through the senses. The world is a world of objects, with attributes but without essence, existing in time and space. In terms of relationships, the tendency in the Modern period is to attribute a mechanical, direct, cause-effect type relationship to reality. Events are explained in terms of causality, and causality is sequential or linear. Event Y is caused by a preceeding event X. The result is like the cause, and the cause is at least as great as the effect. Causality, then, exhibits the principles of identity and equivalence. It is interesting to note that in this kind of causation there is no room for doubt or uncertainty. Absolute predictability is possible and control, therefore, is as well. This brings us again to the Western utilitarian attitude toward nature. Since nature is a fixed constant, it can be mastered, dominated or subjugated to man's ends, will, or desires. Three assumptions might be noted at this point. The first is that reality is categorizable. Nature is such that its manifold entities can be put into categories. Usually dismissed rather cursorily is the question of the validity of categories. While they may have use or instrumental value, do they have truth value as well ? Are not categories something that the mind creates when it sets about understanding reality? If so, they are artificial constructs which are useful in utilizing reality, but they are unable to tell us anything about the inherent nature of reality.

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2] Eastern and Western Philosophical Approaches Ye The second assumption is that reality is knowable, that our minds are such that there is a direct or one-to-one correlation between the knowing mind and that which the mind knows. One may point out that man has always assumed this. A difference is the assertion today that everything is knowable. One hears scientists making that claim. Give us time, they say, and we can uncover any secret in the universe. Joining them is the technocrat who claims that, given time and resources, we can do or build anything we If one views the universe as a huge machine and man's mind as being able to know fully the workings of the machine, then one must admit that the claims of the scientist and technocrat do follow. How valid is the "if", is, of course, the basic question. The third assumption is a correlate of the first two. If reality is knowable, it is categorizable. If it is knowable and categorizable, it is describable. Nothing exists which is not knowable, categorizable and describable. Thus modern man's confidence is in his language, or in the ability of words to describe whatever exists, and his belief that, if it cannot be described, it does not exist. The arrogance of modern man which follows from these three assumptions is reinforced by a tenet of Western religion which long preceded the modern period. If we take the Bible and the Pentatuch as the central documents for Christianity and Judiasm, we find stated therein that in the beginning God made man as the highest form of creation and that God gave man dominion over all the earth. Such is the traditional Western homocentric view of the universe, a view susceptible to that which is universal in man, his selfcenteredness. And the heliocentric view of the universe established by Copernicus has had little impact on changing this egoistic view of man and his relationship to that little portion of the universe of which he is a part-the earth. Before moving on to Eastern epistemologies and metaphysics, let me sum up what has been asserted regarding Western perspectives. While not the only, the dominant epistemology of the West is a combination of empiricism and rationalism which has been. attenuated in the Modern period. Coexisting with it is the mechanistic view of the universe as matter existing in time and space, operating on discernable and explicable laws, and subject to the will and dictates of man in its center. In evaluating that worldview there are those who find that such an epistemology provides us no way of knowing reality in a profound sense. The Western metaphysics offers us only attributes and existence without essence. Western epistemology and metaphysics have provided us the tools, science, and technology, which have made us masters of the world which we assert exists and we know. But these have themselves brought us to a state in which man has lost his soul and his constructs have become a monster which could destroy him. We have become the victim of our homocentricity, the possible victims of our own creations. 19

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50 pa. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ 2003 In discussing Eastern, as contrasted with Western, epistemology and metaphysics it should be noted that the East is even more diverse than the West. We cannot, therefore, Speak of a single Eastern epistemology or metaphysics. We have to speak in the plural in both cases. An example which comes to mind immediately is the metaphysical dualism found in the Chinese tradition. Early Chinese thinkers posited two basic forces at work in the universe, the yang and the yin, through whose cooperative interaction everything occurs. What is the relationship of the two entities, the yang and the yin? The question is answered by the question itself in which the connective of the two terms is the word "and". It is not a matter of yang and yin being contraries and in opposition to each other. Rather they are correlates, supplementing and acting in unison with each other. They are characterized by mutuality, interdependence and interpenetration, by cooperation, not conflict. What we have, then, is not a dialectical dualism, but one in which the connective is of an inclusionist not exclusionist type. Moreover the categories themselves are not conceived of as fixed or static, as in the Western tradition. Instead they are fluid, elastic, open or flexible. A particular entity is not forced into an either/or but a both and context. Two examples will illustrate this. Wood, one of the five basic elements, overcomes or changes water into wood insomuch as a growing tree absorbs water itself. But wood in turn is overcome by or changed into fire, a third basic element, when the tree is burned. This process of mutual overcoming or changing incorporates all five elements so that the metaphysical view is that nature is in a state of constant change or a process of coming into being and going out of existence, without a loss of existence but only a change in the form existence takes. The second example is in the realm of persons. A thirty-year old man is yang to his five-year old son, that is, he is in a position of superiority in relation to his son. But he is at the same time yin to his sixty-year old father in that he is the inferior in that relationship. Thus the thirty-year old man is not either yang or yin; he is both, and what he is at any particular time depends on the context or relationship he is in at that moment. In this view of reality, then, categories themselves are not rigid or inflexible and reality as a whole may be viewed as relational or consisting of sets or networks of relationships. As we have seen, the Chinese way is to not assert a two term logic based on the principle of the excluded middle. This leads to another characterization of Eastern thought which might be called multiple predication. Hinduism and Buddhism offer numerous illustrations of this. The Hindu, for example, asserts there are many, not just one, ways to worship God or Brahman. Moreover, there is more than one way to achieve union with Brahman, and, in addition, Brahman as the Absolute manifests Himself in not a single, but many, forms, manifestations, incarnations, or, if you will, gods. In Buddhism, if we substitute the concept of Truth for the Absolute, an oft-repeated statement is that there are many paths to Truth, just as there are many paths to the top of the mountain.

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Eastern and Western Philosophical Approaches 19 Jainism offers us the best example of an epistemology different from the Western one described above. The Jain admits that, in terms of a dualistic, either/or logical system, absolute judgments are possible. But the Jain rejects that possibility. He insists instead that every judgment we make holds good only for the particular aspect of the object judged and only from the point of view from which the judgment is made. Jains call this view syadvada and from it follows the saptabhanginaya or the seven forms of judgment or types of predication. Jain epistemology, then, insists on a seven predicate rather than two predicate logical system. The story of the blind man and the elephant is often used to illustrate this epistemology. When asked what the elephant was like, each answered in terms of the part of the elephant touched. Since each touched a different part, they could not agree on what the elephant was like and they began to argue violently among themselves. Such disagreement could have been avoided had each accepted the syadvada theory of knowledge. And this points to one of the values of such view, namely that it makes for a much more catholic outlook and the avoidance of strife and factionalism. I would like to suggest another epistemological difference between East and West The Western way I have already described may be called knowing objectively. The known is conceived of as an object or entity separate from the known. The knower-known relationship is a subject-object one. Another way of knowing found in the East is what might be called knowing empathetically. According to it, knowing requires or involves being empathetic toward, having sympathy for, identifying or becoming one with the known. The relationship between knower and the known is a monistic or unitive, not a dualistic, separatist or detached one. It involves the knower 'getting inside of' the knowu or knowing from the inside, not outside. An example is this. Knowing an animal such as a horse requires that I view the horse, not as an object, but as a form of life, a life form externally different from myself, of course, but a life form or center of consciousness nevertheless, Thus, if the horse suffers a broken leg, I can be acutely conscious of it. I can emphathize with the horse and feel its suffering as if it were my own. Conversely, if it gallops joyfully over a field, I can likewise feel its elation. An epistemology of empathy has as its metaphysical correlate monism, or, as the Hindu Vedantist would say, non-dualism. It might be described by saying that, from such a perspective, there is only one category in reality, namely consciousness. And differences are not ones of kind but of degree. One type of existence such as a stone exhibits a lowlevel of consciousness, a plant a higher, a horse still higher, and a person the highest. The starement above reminds us of two important aspects of Jainism. One is the Ananta-dharmakamvastu view which assests that every object known by us has many and

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52 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [203 not just a few characteristics. If this is so, reality cannot be neatly classified into various categories, as Aristotle tried to do. Reality is too complex, as is every part of it, for man to do so. This means, further, that man cannot have absolute knowledge, either now or in the future. All he can have is sufficiency or enough knowledge of reality to muddle through in his present existence. The second aspect of Jainism is its metaphysical position which is quite like what described above as monism. To repeat, there is only one category, consciousness, and we find in nature many examples of different degree, types and levels of consciousness. The Jain speaks of the jiva or soul whose essence is consciousness. The perfect soul is one which has overcome all karmas and attained omniscience or the highest level of conscious. ness. At the other end of the spectrum are those imperfect souls which inhabit such elements as earth, fire, and water. To the Westerner the earth is inert and lifeless. It is not to the Jain, however. It too exhibits some degree of consciousness or has a low level of sensuousness. It is important to note the ultimate outcome or signicance of an empathetic epistemology and a monistic metaphysics. If I know the horse empathetically as an entity in the realm of consciousness, of which I am also a member or part, I will not view the horse as an object to be exploited for my own interest or benefit but as a form of life to be nurtured and cared for in the very best way I can, even though I recognize at the same time the utilitarian value of the horse. But the motive for my treating the horse well is related to the essence of the horse es a being and not the horse's use value. The example of the horse leads us to the question of the purpose of knowing. I would suggest two answers, knowing in order to appreciate and knowing in order to use, or in its extreme form, to exploit. Knowing in order to appreciate has monism or nondualism as its metaphysical correlate, knowing empathetically as its methodology and altruism as its ethical coorrelate. Knowing in order to use has dialectical dualisim as its metaphysical correlate, knowing empirically and objectively or rationally as its methodology and egoism as its ethical correlate. A metaphysical monism and an epistemology of empathy are two facets of a complex, a third aspect of which involves the relationship of man to nature. It has already been suggested that a dualistic metaphysics and an objectivist epistemology are two facets of a complex, a third aspect of which assumes man as separate from different from, and master of nature. It now becomes clear that the other metaphysical and epistemological approach has as its correlate the view of man as a part of nature and akin with all other aspects of nature. His task is to bring himself into a state of harmony with nature, rather than dominating it and making it over into what he demands it to be. The different reactions of two mountain climbers may illustrate this. One, having reached the top by a circuitous and tortuous route, is filled with exultation at having

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2] Eastern and Western Philosophical Approaches conquered the mountain. Viewing the panorama from its peak, he declares himself the master of all he surveys. The other, once having ascended the same peak, bows in gratitude to the mountain for having allowed him to reach its height. The Chinese landscape paintings of the Sung dynasty are a classical example of the man in nature philosophy. In them nature, not man, is the dominant element. While there, he is found unobtrusively in the landscape, sitting under a tree, or offshore in a small boat. He is not the central focus of the painting; in fact, there is no single center but a number of them, such as a range of mountains or forest of trees. The effect created is that of a totality, an organic whole made up of a number of separate yet interdependent entities, each an integral part of the whole but subservient to it and blending into the whole. The Sung paintings represent a Chinese metaphysical tradition in which nature is conceived of as an organic totality permeated by the life force Ch'i. It does not consist of sets of twos antithetical or alien to each other. Rather it is like a complex organism such as the body which is made up of many parts or organs working harmoniously together for the well being of each and the whole. As is projected in the painting, so in natue, distinctions are not sharp or radical, an effect created by the artist through the use of curved rather than straight lines. The different elements of the painting, the trees, water, mountains and empty space are continuum. They seem to coalesce with and supplement each other rather than the opposite. This view of nature as an organized whole and man as an integral part of it is expressed beautifully by the philosopher Chang Tsai and his Western inscription "Heaven is my father and Earth is my mother, and even such a small creature as I finds an intimate place in their midst. Therefore that which fills the universe I regard as my body and that which directs the universe I consider as my nature, All people are my brothers and sisters, and all things are my companions." One effect of the man-in-nature outlook is that it may lead man to take a more modest view of himself. The same effect may come from viewing the landscape painting. It may come also from another view found in the East which stresses the ineffability or the ultimnate unknowability of nature. The Hindu and Buddhist says there is something about nature or reality which will remain hidden from us, at least in this life. We are unable to reach it It is beyond our grasp and control. It cannot be categorized, manipulated or mastered. The Taoist would assert we cannot even describe it, for "The Tao that can be named is not the eternal Tao; the name that can be named is not the eternal name. The nameless is the origin of heaven and earth. The named is the mother of all things." Such a view is in contrast to the Western one regarding knowing and doing, already discussed, with its insistence that, given time, there is nothing we cannot know or do.

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54 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhubAda grantha Held up to the light of It may be an example of hand, to acknowledge that the finiteness. [ khaNDa Taoism, the Western view seems a childish and arrogant man's unwillingness to admit his finiteness. On the other Tao which can be named is not the Tao is to admit our Perhaps this is a good point at which to draw this essay to a close. It began by noting that we live in a global village wherein cultural exchange is occuring on a scale greater than ever before. The result is, or can be, fuller understanding of both each other and ourselves. We can not only see others as they are but see ourselves as others see us. As we look toward the future, a basic question confronting us is the kind of world we will opt and work for. Will it be a monolithic or pluralistic one, one in which everyone is alike or one in which there is multiplicity? Two tendencies we find in ourselves are the tendency to insist on conformity and the willingness to accept variety. The first is much more conducive to strife and war, the second to harmony and peace. For despite those dualists who would insist so, differences need not necessarily lead to conflict; they may result, instead, in a more creative and interesting world. THE OUTCOME OF MEDITATION If I have painted a formidable picture of the meditative way of life, let me summarize some of the tangible benefits that arise as the result of consistent effort: -A heightened awareness of the Overself which, if needed, provides a protective armour against the accumulation of unnecessary karma. -A marked acuteness of the senses accompanied by greater awareness of daily behaviour and habitual responses to life and to people. -A therapeutic effect upon the mind and body arising from the occult law that "A mind imbued with Truth will keep the body in health." -The development of a "one-pointed" mind resulting in a reduction of unnecessary worldly thoughts and an increase in the flow of thought towards the Higher Self. -The cultivation of serenity from which arises those cherished moments when the "Higher nature touches the lower, and soul qualities of love, compassion and a kinship with all things springs forth." -Spasmodic inner experiences which serve to assure the meditator that he is moving in the right direction. -Gordon Limbrick

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mAnavIya mUlyoM ke hAsa kA yakSa-prazna : mAnava DaoN0 rAmajI siMha adhyakSa, gAMdhI vicAra vibhAga, bhAgalapura vizvavidyAlaya, bhAgalapura-7 mAnavIya mUlyoM ke hrAsa ko lekara bhArata hI nahIM, vizva meM Aja jitanI cintA prakaTa kI jA rahI hai aura unheM sudRr3ha karane ke lie jAgatika stara para "naitika abhyutthAna" M. R. A., ke nAma para jitane taraha ke prakaTa evaM pracchanna prayatna ho rahe haiM, unameM adhikAMza samasyAoM ke mUla meM jAne kA sAhasa nahIM karate / naitikatA ho yA naitika mUlya, zUnya se udbhUta nahIM hote| ve saba samAja kI rAjanIti, samAja-vyavasthA, saMskRti Adi kI upaja hote haiN| vyakti sAmAjika jIva hai aura vaha zikSA, saMskAra jIvana mUlya Adi saba samAja se hI prApta karatA hai| cintana saba samAja sApekSa hotA hai, tabhI usameM yathArthatA bho hotI hai, anyathA to vaha mAtra buddhi-vilAsa evaM tAttvika gagana vihAra ho jAtA hai| aphalAtUM kA pratyayavAda, tAttvika cintana kA cAhe jitanA mo prakRSTa udAharaNa ho, zaMkara kA "mAyAvAda" evaM baMDale kA "AbhAsavAda" tattvamImAMsA kA jitanA bhI sarvotkRSTa pratirUpa ho, vAstavika jIvana ko vaha dizAnirdeza nahIM de sktaa| isI taraha bhAratIya tarka meM jAti, jalpa kauzala tathA Adhunika bhASA vizleSaNa se bhale hI vicAra evaM cintana meM spaSTatA milato ho, ise hama darzana ke varga meM nahIM rakha skte| bhASA ke vyAkaraNa kA mahattva hai, lekina vaha sajanAtmaka evaM sArthaka cintana kA dhyeya nahIM bana sktaa| ataH ina vidvAnoM dvArA mAnavIya mUlya ko samAja se jor3ane ke prayAsa ko maiM atyanta zubha mAnatA huuN| lekina mAnavIya mUlya aura samAja meM antaHsambandha ke viSaya meM carcA karane ke pUrva hameM mAnava aura samAja ke sambandhoM para eka dRSTi sthira karanI hI hogii| lekina vaha tabhI spaSTa ho sakatI hai, jaba hama mAnava ke svarUpa ko samajha leM / mAmava koI cetanA zUnya jar3a tattva nahIM hai, vaha cetana gatizIla evaM pratikriyA prastuta karane vAlA prANI hai| vaha kisI mAMsa becane vAle kI dukAna meM par3e hAr3a-mAMsa kA nirjIva lothar3A nahIM, usameM saMvedana, saMvega Adi bhare par3e haiN| jar3a tattva kI bhAMti usakI pratikriyA bilakula yAntrika nahIM hotI, vaha to kabhI apane bhAva aura saMvega kA dAsa dIkhatA hai, kabhI usakA niyAmaka evaM niyntaa| yaha ThIka hai ki roTI ke binA vaha jI nahIM sakatA, lekina yaha bhI utanA hI satya hai ki kevala roTI se hI vaha nahIM jItA hai, kabhI to vaha vizvAmitra ke uccAsana para jAkara bhI bhUta ko jvAlA ko zAnta karane ke liye dharma-adharma ko tAka para rakhakara cANDAla ke yahA~ jAkara niSiddha prANI kA abhakSya mAMsa khAkara apanI prANa rakSA karatA hai, lekina kabhI rantideva kI taraha bhUkha se atyadhika por3ita rahakara bhI apane Age kI thAla atithi ko bar3hA detA hai, dadhIci banakara parahita ke liye saharSa apanA asthidAna aura karNa banakara zarIra-carmayukta kavaca bhI de detA hai| Adhunika samaya meM bhI vaha mAksa banakara pIr3ita evaM padadalita mAnavatA ke liye apanA sukha evaM saubhAgya bhUlakara bhagavAna buddha kI taraha "bahujana hitAya, bahujana sukhAya" yajJa meM apane ko abhyarpita kara detA hai| saMkSepa meM, mAnava-jIvana kI kevala Athika aura bhautika vyAkhyA karanA anaitihAsika to hai hI. a-manovaijJAnika

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56 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa bhI hai : manuSya ko svabhAva se svArthI aura duSTa mAna lene meM nikhila mAnava jAti kA apamAna to hai hI. nirAzAvAda bhI isameM kamAla kA hai| vizuddha tatvajJAna kI dRSTi se bhI, yadi mAnava meM antanihita zuma tatvoM ko hama asvIkAra karate haiM, to phira zikSaNa-prazikSaNa dvArA saMskAra-pariSkAra ke sAre prayatna vyartha ho jaayeNge| yahI to satkAryavAda kA mala hai jisake anusAra jisameM jo tatva antanihita rUpa se bhI vidyamAna nahIM hoMge, usase vaha prakaTa bhI nahIM ho sktaa| "nahi nIlasahasreNa zilpi pItaM katuM zakyate / sataH sat jAyate " mAnavIya sabhyatA kA vikAsa bhI barbaratA se sabhyatA aura svArtha se parArtha tathA paramArtha kI ora iMgita karatA hai| yadi manovijJAna ke jIrNa zIrNa mUla pravRtti mUlaka siddhAnta kA bhI mUlyAMkana kare, to usameM yadi "duSTatA kI pravRtti" kA ullekha hai to sahayoga kI vRtti bhI hai / yadi vinAza vRtti hai to sRjana vRtti bhI hai| zAyada isIliye to kahA gayA hai"sumati kumati sabake ura rhhii"| yathArtha hamArA Adarza nahIM bana sktaa| jIvana saMgrAma meM yogyatamakI rakSA hotI hai, lekina "yogyatama kI rakSA kA niyama mAnava jIvana kA Adarza bana jAya, to phira mAnava kI mAnavIyatA-karuNA, sahAnubhUti, paropakAra hI nahIM, samAja parivartana ke liye sAre upakrama ke lie koI guMjAiza nahIM rhegii| ataH mAnava ko hama bhale hI bhagavAna na mAne ( tatvamasi, ahaM brahmAsmi ), lekina usameM devatA yA divyatA kA aMza mAnanA hI pdd'egaa| vaha Izvara kA aMza hai yA nahIM ( Izvara aMza jIva avinAzI ), yaha dArzanika vivAda kA viSaya ho sakatA hai, lekina usameM bhI kaI IzvarIya guNa haiM, hama ise kaise asvIkAra kara sakate haiM / "Adama khudA nahIM, lekina khudA ke nUra se Adama judA nhiiN|" yaha ThIka hai ki mAnava meM divyatA ke sAtha duSTatA ke bhI tatva haiM, maMtrI aura karuNA ke sAtha nRzaMsatA aura niSThuratA bhI usakI vRtti meM dekhane ko milatI hai / lekina mAnava kI apUrNatA hI pazutA hai aura usakI pUrNatA hI kAlpanika devatva hai| mAnava meM vikAsa ko ananta sambhAvanAyeM haiN| vaha sAdhu aura santa hI nahIM, ahaMta aura siddha bhI bana sakatA hai| ataH jaba hama mAnava aura samAja yA mAnavIya mUlya evaM samAja ke antaH sambandha para vicAra kareM to hameM mAnava ke svarUpa ko dRSTi se ojhala nahIM karanA cAhiye / mAnava aura samAja meM bhI mUlya evaM mahatva vyakti kA hI honA cAhiye / Akhira vyakti hI to parama puruSArtha hai evaM vyakti ke dvArA hI samAja kA nirmANa hotA hai| samAja kI sampUrNa-byUha racanA vyakti ke samagra vikAsa ke liye hai| jo vicAraka vyakti kI apekSA samAja ko mahatva dete haiM, unake mAnasa meM bhI vyakti kA kalyANa hI rahatA hai| vyakti hI mUrta aura zAzvata sAdhya hai, samAja to sAdhana hai, cAhe vaha kitanA bhI mahatvapUrNa kyoM na ho ? samAja ke ziSTAcAra, maryAdA Adi kA mahatva hai, lekina ye saba vidhAna vyakti ke vikAsa ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI banAye jAte haiN| samAja kA vaha niyama vyartha evaM asvIkArya ho jAtA hai jisase mAnava-jIvana ke udAtta mUlya lAMchita aura kalaMkita hote haiN| samAja evaM dharma kI rUr3hiyA~ inhIM kAraNoM se tor3I jAtI haiN| samAja ke mUlya bhI mAnavIya jIvana mUlyoM ke AdhAra para hI puSpita evaM pallavita hote haiM / sAmAjikatA ( Sociability ) mI eka mAnavIya jIvana mUlya hai| isI ke AdhAra para sahAnubhUti, sadbhAva evaM paropakAra kI bhAvanA adhiSThita hotI hai| samAja anivArya saMsthA avazya hai, lekina vyakti jaisA naisargika evaM prAkRtika nhiiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki deza-kAla ke anusAra samAja kI saMracanA, rAjanItika vyavasthA, vidhi-vyavasthA Adi badale jAte haiN| parivAra, sampatti evaM rAjya jaisI mahatvapUrNa saMsthAoM ke astitva para bhI prazna uThAye jAte haiN| yahI nahIM, inheM mAnavIya vikAsa meM bAdhaka mAnakara inake nirmUlana ke liye bhI prayAsa hote haiN| dUsarI ora inake saMzodhana evaM pariSkAra hote haiN| ina bAtoM se yahI siddha hotA hai ki mAnaba ho sabase bar3A mUlya hai-- nahi zreSThataraM kiMcit mAnuSAt / sabAra Upara mAnava satya, tAhAra Upara naaii| ( Man is the measure of all things )" | samAja-samAja ke liye nahIM vyakti ke liye hotA hai| jo samAja vyakti ke vikAsa meM bAdhaka banane laga jAtA hai, usI ke parivartana ke nimitta sAmAjika, rAjanaitika, sAMskRtika krAMtiyA~ huA karatI haiN| ataH krAMti kA

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2] mAnavIya mUlyoM ke hrAsa kA yakSa-prazna : mAnava 57 adhiSThAtA-devatA mAnava hI hotA hai| mAnava-nirapekSa krAnti, nRzaMsatA kA zikAra banakara mAnavIya mUlyoM kA nirdalana karane laga jAtI hai| isI se pratihiMsA evaM pratikriyAoM kA antahIna krama baMdha jAtA hai aura mAnavatA karAhatI rahatI hai / mAnavIya jIvana mUlya aura mAnava ke mUlya ke sAtha anyonyAzraya sambandha hai / jo mAnava kI svAyattatA aura pratiSThA kA khyAla nahIM kareMge, ve mAnavIya mUlya ke adhaH patana para cAhe jitanI bhI cintA kareMge, vyartha hai| isaliye "mAnava" hI mAnavIya jIvana mUlya kA yakSa-prazna hai| mAnava kI sabase bar3I abhIpsA hai-mukti| vaha aneka prakAra ke bandhanoM meM par3A huA hai, isaliye mukti usakI bar3I cAha hai| abhAva, ajJAna aura anyAya ke bandhanoM meM par3A mAnava hamezA mukti ke liye chaTapaTAtA rahatA hai / abhAva usakI pratibhAoM ko kuMThita karatA hai| ajJAna use andhavizvAsoM evaM rUr3hiyoM kA gulAma banA detA hai| anyAya use bhayagrasta karake usakI sRjana zakti ko dabA detA hai| lekina yaha to bhautika mukti kI bAta huii| usakI mAnasika makti bhI kama mahatva kI nhiiN| rAga aura dveSa, cintA aura abhiniveza, krodha evaM lobha Adi se vaha kitanA adhika parezAna rahatA hai, isakA to hama hRdaya drAvaka dRzya bar3hatI haI mAnasika vyAdhiyoM meM dekha sakate haiN| manuSya kI bhautika sukha-samRddhi bhale hI bar3hI ho, lekina usakA mAnasika sukha evaM usakI zAnti bhI bar3hI hai, yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| zAyaka upaniSad kI bAta hI sahI hai-"na vittena tarpaNIyo mnussyo|" isIliye to maitreyI ne yAjJavalkya se vinamratA pUrvaka nivedana kiyA thA-"yenAhaM nAmRtAsyAM, kimahaM tena kuryAm ?" kAMcana, kAminI evaM kIti- tInoM se paripUrNa gautama ne kisI Arthika yA bhautika kAraNa se gRha-tyAha nahIM kiyA thaa| isakA artha hai ki mAnava ke liye kucha samaya taka to bhautika abhAva, zAbdika evaM zAstrIya ajJAna evaM sAmAjika, rAjanaitika anyAya ke bandhana rahate haiM, aura phira mAnasika asantoSa, asantulana aura azAnti se bhI vaha chuTakArA cAhatA hai| ataH mukti hI prakArAntara se mAnava kI sabase bar3I abhIpsA hai| kabhI vaha bhAgya dvArA chalA jAtA hai, kamI prakRti use dhokhA de DAlatI hai, phira usake mAthe ke Upara anivArya mRtyu kI laTakatI talavAra bhI use na sukha se jIne detI hai, na zAnti se marane hI detI hai| yahI nahIM, bhAratIya cintana paramparA meM isI jIvana meM usake sampUrNa du.kha niHzeSa nahIM ho jAte / bAra-bAra use karmaphala ke anusAra janma lenA par3hatA hai aura maranA par3atA haiM- 'punarapi jananaM, punarapi maraNaM punarapi jananI jaThare karaNaM / " aisI sthiti meM yadi vaha isa janma-maraNa ke bandhana se hI chuTakArA cAhatA hai, to na yaha asvAbhAvika hai, na avyAvahArika / mukti kI cAha koI svapna vihAra nahIM, koI bhASA-vizleSaNa nahIM, balki mAnava prakRti kI anivArya mAMga hai| tatva mImAMsA kI bhASA meM jise hama mukti kahate haiM, samAjazAstra ke saMdarbha meM use hI hama mAnava kI svAyattA yA svatantratA kaha sakate haiN| mAnava to kyA, pazu-pakSI bhI svatantratA hI cAhate haiN| mukta AkAza meM vicaraNa karatA huA pakSI sone ke piMjar3oM meM kaida hone ke liye kamI nahIM tarasatA hai| khUTe meM ba~dhA pazu hamezA mukta hokara svacchanda vicaraNa karanA cAhegA / isIliye mAnava kA sarvotkRSTa jIvana-mUlya hai-svtntrtaa| saMbhavataH isIliye phrAMsa kI krAnti kA mantra "svatantratA' ke sAtha samatA evaM bhrAtRtva hai| bhArata meM bhI svatantratA ke isI jIvana-mUlya ko tilaka aura gAMdhI ne "svarAjya" kI saMjJA dI jisakA mahatva vaidika-vAGmaya meM bhI varNita hai| svatantratA kI bhAvanA mAnava kI svAyattA ko abhivyakta karatI hai| isaliye isake sAtha kisI dUsare jIvana mUlya ke sAtha lena-dena kA baniyAzAhI hisAba nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yaha svatantratA hI janatAntrika jIvana-mUlya kA AdhAra hai| lekina pazcima kI pUMjIvAdI vANijya vRtti kI sabhyatA ne isa svatantratA ke sAtha bhI kutsita aura gahita saudebAjI karake janatantra ke sacce svarUpa ko vikRta kara diyaa| nihita svArtha ne Arthika samatA kI bAta bhulAkara lokatantra ko itanA nagna kara diyA ki karor3oM bhUkhI janatA ke liye yaha nirarthaka evaM aprAsAMgika bana gayA hai| yahI kAraNa thA ki rUsoM ne "svatantratA" ke

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58 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa sAtha hI "samatA" ko jor3A thA / Arthika lokatantra ke binA rAjanaitika lokatantra mAtra aupacArika bana gayA aura yahI kAraNa hai ki kairo se lekara jakArttA taka vikAsazIla dezoM meM lokatantra Akara bhI adRzya ho gyaa| do tihAI janasaMkhyA ko garIbI rekhA ke nIce rakhakara tathA prAyaH utane hI logoM ko nirakSara rakhakara bhAratoya lokatantra bhI kitane dinoM taka jI sakegA - kahA nahIM jA sakatA / Aja jisa prakAra saMsad evaM vidhAyikA kA aMkuza kSINa hotA jA rahA hai, jisa prakAra nyAyapAlikA bhI kAryapAlikA ke samakSa hataprabha hokara samaparNa kI mudrA meM A gayI hai, jisa prakAra saMcAra ke sAdhanoM para sattA evaM pU~jIpatiyoM kA sammilita Adhipatya hai, jisa prakAra lokatantra ke stambha eka para eka TUTa rahe haiM, tathA kAryapAlikA ke bhI adhikAra simaTakara vargatantra evaM ekatantra ko jA rahe haiM, usa saMdarbha meM hamArI svatantratA bhI mAno giravI rakkhI jA cukI hai / lekina lokatantra kA vikalpa kabhI bhI adhinAyaka tantra nahIM ho sakatA cAhe vaha rUsa-cIna meM sarvahArA yA sAmyavAda ke nAma para ho yA pAkistAna IrAna meM islAma ke nAma para / vikRta lokatantra kA vikalpa, pariSkRta lokatantra hI hogA / kAraNa ke liye punaH mUla meM jAnA hogA ki lokatantra ke antarnihita svatantratA kA jIvana-mUlya mAnava-mukti ke sAtha jur3A huA hai| mukta mana aura mukta mAnava se hI sRjana saMbhava hai, vahI vyavasthA meM parivatrtana aura pariSkAra bhI kara sakatA hai| pazu kI taraha ba~dhA mAnava vizva ko na koI avadAna de sakatA hai, na vaha sukha-zAnti se jIvana hI vyatIta kara sakatA hai| Aja adhinAyakavAdI vyavasthA tantra meM mIM mAnavIya svatantratA kI bhUkha aura pyAsa prakaTa ho rahI hai / yugoslAviyA ne rUsI prabhAva se apanI rASTrIya asmitA evaM svAyattatA ko akSuNNa rakhane ke lie jo kiyA hai, vaha spaSTa hai / puna: usI yugoslAviyA ke andara vahA~ ke saMgaThana ke zIrSa meM rahe, zrI milavana jilAsa ne mAnavIya evaM vyaktigata svatantratA lie na jAne kitanI yantraNAe~ sahI / iTalI Adi kaI yUropIya dezoM meM yUro- kamyUnijma ke nAma se sAmyavAda ke jIvana mUlya ke sAtha sAtha karake dekhA jA rahA hai evaM jahA~ mArksa- eMjelsa ko svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, vahA~ leninavAda kA parityAga karake nRzaMsa sAmyavAda ke badale amAnavIya sAmyavAda kI kalpanA kI jA rahI hai| svayaM rUsa meM pesTara nAika, sosajinsaTIna aura Aja sokhorova dampati saumya DhaMga se hI, sahI svatantratA ke jIvana-mUlya ke liye jUjha rahe haiN| polaiMDa meM 90 lAkha se adhika majadUra velezA ke netRtva meM svatantra zramika Andolana ke liye saMgharSazIla haiN| cIna meM bhI mAo ke bAda udAravAda kA eka utAra AyA hI thA / sTAlina ke bAda rUsa meM bhI kruzceva ke samaya sAmyavAdI zAsana meM udAratA AyI thI / asala meM svatantratA mAnava kA zAzvata jIvana-mUlya hai, usake binA use saMtoSa evaM zAnti nahIM milatI / yahI hai ki mukti kI cAha / asala meM sAmyavAda ne mAnava ko eka vastu mAnakara usake sAtha yAtrika dRSTi se vyavahAra karanA cAhA / usane usake bhautika pakSa ko jitanI gaharAI se samajhA, usake bauddhika evaM AdhyAtmika pakSa ko nahIM / isIliye sAmyavAda mAnava mukti kI ghoSaNA to karatA lekina vaha use mukti de nahIM pAtA / mAnavIya svatantratA ke mUlya ko 'kucha yaha ThIka hai ki mAnavIya mUlya yA usakI svatantratA zUnya se na udbhUta hotI hai aura na zUnya meM avasthita rahatI hai / isaliye mAnava mUlyoM ke unnayana ke liye mAnava ke Arthika-sAmAjika-rAjanaitika saMdarbhoM ko bhI samunnata karanA hogA / isI ko bApU "svarAja" kahate the / yahI unakI " jar3amUla se krAnti", DA0 lohiyA kI "saptakrAnti" aura je0 pI0 kI "sampUrNa krAnti" hai / mAnava mUlyoM kA abhyutthAna yadi nAma aura japa, pUjA aura prArthanA se hI ho jAtA, to gA~dhI himAlaya kI guphAoM meM jAkara sAdhanA karate / lekina ve to AjIvana galata samAja vyavasthA, galata rAjanIti, galata zikSA Adi se saMgharSa karate rahe / hRdaya parivartana aura vicAra parivartana ke sAtha unhoMne vyavasthA parivartanako atyadhika mahatva diyaa| unhoMne "Izvara allA tere nAma" kI prArthanA hI nahIM kI, balki hindU-muslima ekatA ke lie noAkhAlI aura bihAra meM ghUmate hue usake lie apanI zahAdata dii| unhoMne "achUtoM ko kevala

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2] mAnavIya mUlyoM ke hrAsa kA yakSa-prazna : mAnava 59 harijana hI nahIM banAyA balki kaThora satyAgraha ke dvArA unake lie mandiroM ke dvAra bhI khulavAye aura unheM hindujAti se alaga karane ke duScakra ko viphala kara dene ke lie AmaraNa anazana ke dvArA apane prANoM kI bAjI bhI lagA dii| kendrita arthavyavasthA yA kendrita rAjavyavasthA meM mAnava ko vyaktigata svatantratA para kuThArAghAta dekhakara unhoMne Arthika kSetra meM khAdI grAmodyoga kI vikendrita vyavasthA evaM rAjanaitika kSetra meM grAma-svarAjya yA paMcAyatI vyavasthA Adi kI nIva DAlI aura svayaMsevI saMsthAoM kA jAla bichA ddaalaa| ve zAnti ke mantradAtA hI nahIM bane, pUlisa ke vikalpa meM zAnti-senA kA saMgaThana bnaayaa| pUMjIvAda aura sAmyavAda ke vikalpa ke rUpa meM TrasTIzipa kA vicAra tathA zoSaNa evaM utpIr3ana ke liye asahayoga evaM avajJA kI raNanIti bhI rkkhii| zikSA ke kSetra meM eka aisI zikSA kI yojanA rakkhI jisameM mAnava kI samagratA surakSita rahe aura mAnava ko makti mila sake-"sA vidyA yA vimuktye|" saMkSepa meM, gA~dhI ne mAnavIya-mUlyoM ke abhyutthAna ke liye mAnava kI svatantratA ke anurUpa samAja-vyavasthA kI saMracanA kii| gAMdhI mAnavamukti ke mantra-draSTA aura svayaM draSTA hI nahIM bane, balki aisI samAja-vyavasthA ke AcArya bhI bane jisameM mAnava svatantratA kI sA~sa le sake / usakA mastaka UMcA rahe, mastiSka unmukta rahe evaM hRdaya udAtta evaM udAra rhe| ___yahI kAraNa thA ki gA~dhI niSThAvAna hindU hote hue mo hindutva kI saMkIrNatAoM se mukta rahe, prabala dezabhakta hote hue bhI saMkucita dezAbhimAnI nahIM bane, harijanoM ke parama mitra hokara bhI savaNoM ke prati vidveSa nahIM rakkhA aura aMgarejI zAsana se sadaiva saMgharSa karate hue thI aMgarejoM se kabhI ghRNA nahIM kii| gAMdhI ne burAI se saMgharSa kiyA, bure AdamI ke liye durbhAvanA nahIM rkkhii| asala meM use mAnava kI antanihita sAdhutA meM akhaNDa vizvAsa thaa| usake anusAra, mAnavoM ke bIca prema naisargika evaM svAbhAvika hai| hA~, jhaMjhaTa-jhagar3e kI vajaheM huA karatI haiN| yadi hama eka aisI mAnavIya samAja-vyavasthA kA nirmANa kara vigraha ke kAraNoM ko dUrakara sakeM, to mAnava mUlyoM kA hrAsa avazya ruka jAyagA / AdhyAtmika aura naitika abhyutthAna ke alaga se bar3e-bar3e sAina borDa lagAne evaM usake Andolana khar3e karane se mAnava-mUlyoM kA hrAsa nahIM ruka sakatA, jaisA maiMne prArambha meM nivedana kiyA thA ki Aja sAmyavAda se lar3ane kA bhI amarIkI so0 AI0 e0 dvArA cAlita zikhaMDInumA tarIkA ( ema0 Ara0 e0 ) pratikriyotpAdaka ( riekzanarI) hogaa| durbhAgya se janataMtra kA sabase bar3A bhaugolika kSetra saMyukta rAjya amarIkA vizva meM adhinAyakavAdI sattA kA hI pRSTha poSaNa karatA rahA hai, cAhe vaha bhArata-pAka ke bIca pAkistAna ko madada dene kA ho, yA jerenDA, ela salvADora, brAjila Adi dezoM kI janavAdI sarakAroM ke khilApha una sarakAroM ko ulaTane kA savAla ho| usI taraha Ananda mArga, jayagurUdeva, sAI-bAbA, brahma kumArI, gAyatrI yajJa tathA anya dhArmika purAtanavAdI saMsthAoM ke dvArA naitika-AdhyAtmika unnayana ke kAmoM ke viSaya meM gaMbhIratA pUrvaka ciMtana karanA hogA ki samAja ke jvalanta Athika-rAjanaitika-sAmAjika samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke binA naitika unnayana kA vicAra eka divAsvapna rhegaa| Adhunika bhArata meM adhyAtma ke nAma para mantravAda aura naitikatA ke nAma para mAtra dhArmika evaM naitika pravacana kA jvAra uTha rahA hai / lekina isa tathA kathita naitika-AdhyAtmika-dhArmika ghaTATopa se sAmAjika krAnti kI dhAra kuMda karane kA duzce ka vRthA hogaa| Aga para rAkha DAla dene se Aga nahIM bujhatI hai, vaha daba jAtI hai| ataH naitika mUlyoM ke hrAsa ko rokane ke liye rAjanIti kA kAyAkalpa socanA hogaa| bhraSTa se bhraSTa rAjanetA ina naitika guruoM se ArzIvAda le jAya, isase naitikatA kA rAjanItikaraNa hotA hai, rAjanIti kA adhyAtmIkaraNa nhiiN| rAjanIti koI aspRzya vastu nahIM jise hama chueM nhiiN| yAda rakkhe-"sarva dharmA rAjadharme nimgnaaH|" yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki rAjanIti ke pada para hama jAya hI, lekina rAjanIti evaM rAjanetAoM para yadi naitika evaM dhArmika netA apanI kar3I nigAha evaM kaThora anuzAsana nahIM rakheMge to rAjanIti unakA bhI zoSaNa karane se nahIM cuukegii| rAjanaitika bhraSTAcAra, siddhAntahIna

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paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa rAjanIti se utpanna dala-badala kI vyAdhi, sampradAya evaM jAti tathA paise kI thailI evaM bandUkoM kI noMka para voTa prApti ke khilApha jabataka jehAda nahIM bolA jAyagA, naitika mUlyoM ke unnayana kI bAta mRga marIcikA hI rhegii| isI prakAra Arthika, sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika rUr3hiyoM para kaThora se kaThora prahAra karane pdd'eNge| naitika utthAna ke Andolana evaM Arthika kSetra meM, milAvaTa, jamAkhorI, cora-bAjArI sAtha-sAtha nahIM cala sakate, daheja, zarAba, aspRzyatA evaM sAmpradAyika vidveSa ke sAtha dharma kI bAteM nahIM ho sakatI / 60 naitika unnayana ke liye koI zArTa kaTa nahIM hai / isake liye samAja kA samagra-parivartana paramAvazyaka hai / samAja parivartana ko dara kinAra rakhakara hama naitika abhyutthAna kI carcA kara svayaM apane ko dhokhA deMge / mAnavIya mUlya aura samAja meM antaH sambandha ko hama jitanI dUra taka apane vicAra evaM AcAra meM svIkAra kara sakeMge, usI mAtrA meM mAnavIya mUlya kI pratiSThA hogI / aSTAdaza doSa vimukta dharma Adhunika yuga meM saccA dharma vaha hai jisameM kundakundokta sadguru ke aThAraha doSoM ke samAna nimna aThAraha doSa na hoM : 1. kSamAzIla Izvara kI mAnyatA 2. jAtipAMti, ucca-nIca kI mAnyatA 3. nara-nArI viSamatA 4. palAyanavAdI pravRtti ko protsAhana 5. saMsAra kI dukhamayatA kI mAnyatA 6. pUrNa jJAnitva kI mAnyatA 7. pazu bali kI svIkRti 8. zAstra / Agama kI prakAMDa prAmANikatA 9. avanatizIla saMsAra kI mAnyatA 10. vAhyaliMga kI mAnyatA 11. paraMparAmoha kA prazraya 12. anarthaka kaSToM kI pUjyatA 13. digvijayAdi kI puNyAtmakatA 14. viSamatAoM kA prazraya 15. kriyAkAMDa kI mukhyatA 16. sadguNoM kI bhI pApamayatA 17. kAlpanika sraSTi racanA 18. camatkArikatA - 'saMgama'

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Adhunika yuga aura dharma DaoN0 baziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA darzana vibhAga, kAzI vidyApITha, vArANasI-2 Adhunika yuga ko prAyaH hama ina nAmoM se sambodhita karate haiM-'vijJAna kA yuga', 'samAjavAda kA yuga' tathA "gAMdhIvAda kA yug"| isa yuga meM vijJAna ke vividha camatkAra dekhe jAte haiN| sarvatra hameM vijJAna kA prakAza hI dikhAI detA hai| ataH isa yuga ko vijJAna ke sAtha sambandhita karanA acchA lagatA hai| kArla mArksa ne pUMjIvAda kA virodha karake samAjavAda ko pratiSThita kiyaa| taba se Aja taka samAjavAda ko vibhinna rUpoM meM vikasita hama pAte haiM aura isakA vartamAna yuga para gaharA prabhAva hai| phira to kyoM nahIM hama isa yuga ko samAjavAdI yuga kaheM ? mahAtmAgAMdhI jo Aja ke yuga puruSa mAne jAte haiM, ne bhAratavarSa ko to svatantratA dilAI hI, vizva ke sabhI garIba naura gulAma logoM ko samucita mArga pradarzana karane kI koziza kii| ataH vizva meM gAMdhIjI ke siddhAntoM ke prabhAva dekhe jAte haiM aura hama bhAratavAsI to 'gAMdhIvAda' ko hI apanA 'zreya' samajhakara cala rahe haiM / yadyapi yaha bAta kucha aura hai ki hama isa siddhAnta ko sahI rUpa meM apanAne meM kahA~ taka saphala ho rahe haiM ? ___ aba sarva prathama hama yaha jAnane kA prayAsa kareMge ki dharma kyA hai ? dharma hamAre jIvana ke lie kitanA mahattvapUrNa hai ? tabhI hama yaha nirNaya kara sakeMge ki Adhunika yuga ke jo tIna rUpa haiM unase dharma bilakula alaga hai athavA isakA bhI unameM kisI na kisI rUpa meM samAveza hai| dharma pAzcAtya vicAraka gailave ne dharma ko paribhASita karate hue kahA hai-'dharma vaha hai jisameM apane se pare kisI bhakti ke prati mAnava zraddhA ke dvArA apanI saMvegAtmaka AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karake jIvana meM sthiratA prApta karatA hai aura jisa sthiratA ko vaha upAsanA aura sevA meM abhivyakta karatA hai|'' isa paribhASA ke anusAra dharma jina tathyoM se sambandhita hotA hai, ve isa prakAra hai : (ka) apane se pare koI zakti (kha) mAnava kI zraddhA (ga) saMvegAtmaka AvazyakatAeM 1. Religion is a man's faith in a power beyond himself whereby he seeks to satisfy emotional needs and gains stability of life, and which he expresses in aets of worship and service". -G. Gallowey, The Philosphy of Religion, P, 184

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- 62 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa (gha ) jIvana kI sthiratA (C) jIvana kI sthiratA kI abhivyakti-upAsanA aura sevA ke rUpoM meM / inameM sabase mahattvapUrNa hai-'jIvana ko sthiratA' / vyakti isakI hI upalabdhi karatA hai aura ise hI abhivyakti pradAna karatA hai| jIvana kI sthiratA taba prApta hotI hai jaba manuSya kI saMvegAtmaka AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti hotI hai / saMvegAtmaka AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti taba hotI hai jaba vyakti ke mana meM zraddhA hotI hai| zraddhA kisI usa zakti ke prati hotI hai jo apane se pare hai| jIvana kI sthiratA kA matalaba hai jIvana kI vyavasthA jisase sukha-zAnti prApta hotI hai / saMvegAtmaka AvazyakatAe~ vyakti ke svabhAva se sambandhita hotI hai| apane se pare kisI zakti ke prati zraddhA honI cAhie, isase yaha spaSTa nahIM hotA ki vaha zakti kauna sI hai ? vaha pare zakti Izvara ke rUpa meM athavA anya kisI rUpa meM bhI zradeya ho sakatI hai| isa prakAra dharma jIvana kI sthiratA ko lakSya banAkara pare zakti ke prati zraddhA ke mAdhyama se mAnava ke saMvegoM kI pUrti karatA hai| isase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki dharma mAnavIya svabhAva se sambaddha hai, tathA IzvarIya paridhi ke bhItara athavA bAhara rahane ke lie svatantra hai| koI bhI dharmAnuyAyI isake lie bilakula svatantra hai ki vaha Izvara ko pare zakti ke rUpa meM grahaNa kare athavA nahIM / masIha sAhaba ne dharma kI eka paribhASA prastuta kI hai jisameM unhoMne viliyama kenika ( Kennick) erikha .. phraoNma ( Erich Fromm ) evaM viliyama blaikasTona (Bloekstone ) ke vicAroM ko samAhita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai: "dhArmika vizvAsa yaha hai jo kisI niSThA ( Devotion) ke viSaya ke prati sampUrNa Atmabandhana ( Commitment ) ke AdhAra para jIvana kI samasyAoM kI ora sarvavyApaka rIti se vyakti ko abhimukha (Oriented ) kreN|"2 yaha paribhASA samakAlIna cintakoM kI cintana paddhatiyoM ke AdhAra para banAI gaI hai| isameM jina pakSoM para bala diyA gayA hai, ve isa prakAra haiM : ( ka ) niSThA, ( kha ) niSThA kA viSaya, ( ga ) Atmabandhana, (gha) jIvana kI samasyAe~, (Ga) vyApaka rIti / dhArmika vyakti meM kisI ke prati niSThA honI caahie| usameM sampUrNa Atma bandhana honA cAhie yAnI niSThA Atma bandhana se paripaSTa honI cAhie aura usake AdhAra para jIvana kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna honA caahie| kinta samasyA samAdhAna karane kI paddhati ko saMkucita nahIM balki sarvavyApI honA caahie| isa paribhASA meM jIvana kI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ko pramukhatA dI gaI hai| kintu isameM bhI yaha spaSTa nahIM kiyA gayA hai ki niSThA kisake prati honI caahie| bhAratIya paramparA meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki 'dharma' zabda 'dhR' dhAtU se banA hai, jisakA artha hotA hai-'dhAraNa krnaa'| ataH dharma ko isa rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA jAtA hai-"dhArayati iti dharmaH" arthAt jo hameM dhAraNa karatA hai vahI hamArA dharma hotA hai| dhAraNa karane se matalaba hai-'jIvana ko dhAraNa krnaa'| jisa para hamArA jIvana AdhArita hotA hai vahI hamArA dharma hotA hai| jisase hamArA jIvana vyavasthita hotA hai, vahI dharma hai| 2. Religious beliefs provide an all pervasive frame of reference or a focal attitude of orientation to life and induce a total commitment to an object of devotion. -sAmAnya dharma darzana-pR0 23 /

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Adhunika yuga aura dharma 63 bhAratIya paramparA meM mAnava jIvana kI upalabdhiyAM do prakAra kI mAnI gaI haiM --laukika tathA pAralaukika / loka yAnI samAja meM rahate hue sukha zAnti prApta karanA laukika upalabdhiyAM mAnI jAtI haiM tathA sAMsArika jIvana ke bAda arthAt mRtyu ho jAne para svarga prApta karanA, mokSa pAnA pAralaukika upalabdhiyA~ samajhI jAtI haiN| dharma laukika jIvana meM to sahAyaka hotA hI hai, pAralaukika jIvana ke lie bhI sahAyatA pradAna karatA hai| isalie hamAre yahA~ puruSArtha-dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokSa ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| inake mAdhyama se vyakti apane laukika jIvana kI to samucita vyavasthA kara hI letA hai, sAtha hI pAralaukika jIvana ke lie bhI sAdhanA kara letA hai| dharma vizvAsa hai, AsthA hai| isameM tarka-vitarka ko kama mahattva diyA jAtA hai / dhArmika vyakti guru ke vacanoM ko sunatA hai athavA zAstroM meM par3hatA hai aura unheM satyarUpa meM grahaNa kara letA hai| pramANa ke kSetra meM ise zabda-pramANa athavA zrutajJAna ke rUpa meM sthAna milA hai| deza aura kAla ke anusAra dharma meM parivartana dekhe jAte haiN| cUMki dharma vyakti ke jIvana ko dhAraNa karatA hai, isalie ThaNDa tathA garma pradezoM meM rahane vAle logoM ke dharma bilakula eka hI hoM, aisA nahIM ho sktaa| garma pradeza ke vAsiyoM ke dharmAcAra meM nitya snAna karake arcanA-vandanA karane kA vidhAna dekhA jAtA hai| kintu yahI AcAra yadi ThaNDe pradeza ke rahane vAloM ke lie bhI nirdhArita ho, taba to yaha dharmAcAra jIvana kA poSaka nahIM, balki nAzaka sAbita hogaa| ahiMsA ko parama dharma mAnate hue mAMsabhakSaNa kA virodha kiyA jAtA hai, kintu jaMgala meM rahane vAloM ke lie yadi yahI dharma-vyabasthA ho, taba to ve bhUkhe mara jAyeMge aura dharma unake lie ghAtaka siddha hogaa| prAcIna kAla meM bhAratIya samAja meM varNAzrama vyavasthA thii| cAra varNo-brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya tathA zUdra meM baiThane-uThane, khAna-pAna, zAdI Adi ke bahuta hI kaThina niyama the, jinheM na mAnane para samAja vyakti ko kaThora daNDa detA thaa| Aja bhI vargoM ke vividha rUpa dekhe jAte haiM, kintu prAcIna niyamoM ko lekara calane vAlA vyakti Aja ke samAja meM raha nahIM sktaa| isI taraha samayAnusAra niyamoM ke apavAdoM yA parivartanoM ke kAraNa hI jainadharma meM digambara tathA zvetAmbara, bauddhadharma meM hInayAna tathA mahAyAna, IsAI dharma meM kaitholika tathA proTesTeNTa, islAma dharma meM ziyA aura sunnI zAkhAe~ bniiN| kAla ke anusAra yadi dharma meM parivartana na ho to dharma hameM kyA dhAraNa karegA, hama hI use dhAraNa karane meM asamartha ho jAyeMge / dharma ke mUlya satyaM, zivaM tathA sundaraM sarvotkRSTa evaM sarvamAnya mUlya haiN| inheM hama dharma ke mUlya kaheM athavA mAnava jIvana ke mUlya kaheM / inase alaga hokara mAnava jIvana, mAnava jIvana nahIM raha jAtA aura na koI dharma dharma bana pAtA hai| ye tIna mUlya eka dUsare ke pUraka haiM / jo satya hotA hai, vaha ziva yAnI kalyANa rUpa tathA sundara hotA hai / jo kalyANakArI hotA hai, vaha satya hotA hai, sundara hotA hai tathA jo sundara hotA hai, vahI kalyANakArI aura satya hotA hai / kabhI-kabhI sAmAnya jIvana meM inake kucha apavAda bhI dekhe jAte haiM, kintu yadi sahI artha meM mUlya ke rUpa meM inheM samajhane kI koziza kareMge, to avazya hI inheM eka dUsare ke pUraka ke rUpa meM paayeNge| cUMki ye hI parama mUlya haiM, isalie jahA~ kahIM bhI ye hote haiM, vahIM para dharma hotA hai / dharma kI sudRr3hatA inhIM para nirbhara karatI hai| vijJAna aura dharma Aja ke vaijJAnika camatkAroM ko dekhakara dhArmika AsthAe~ DagamagAne laga jAtI haiM aura dhArmika vyakti kiMkartavya vimUr3ha-sA ho jAtA hai / cA~da jise vaidika paramparA hI nahIM, balki islAma paramparA meM bhI mahattva diyA gayA haiM, sAhitya

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64 paM0 jagamohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa jisakI sundaratA kA bakhAna karate nahIM thakatA, usa cA~da para Aja ke vaijJAnika chalAMga lagA rahe haiN| janma aura mRtyu jinase jIvana kI sImAeM nirdhArita hotI haiM, unheM bhI Aja kA vijJAna niyantrita karane para lagA hai| janma aura mRtyu kI dareM ghaTAyI jA rahI haiN| aba to janma ke lie mAM kA garbha Avazyaka nahIM raha gayA hai, usake lie to parakhanalI hI paryApta hai / vaijJAnikoM ne apane hI jaisA manuSya ( roboTa ) bhI taiyAra kara liyA hai, jo prAyaH sabhI mAnavIya kAryoM ko kuzalatApUrvaka kara letA hai| AtmA yA cetanA jise kisI indriya se jAna pAnA muzkila hai, use bhI vaijJAnikoM ne zIze meM banda karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| sUkhA ora bAr3ha kI sthitiyoM meM Izvara kI duhAI dI jAtI thI, kintu aba inake lie bhI Izvara kI jarUrata nahIM hogii| vijJAna sabhI mAnava kSetroM meM pahuMca cukA hai| dharma meM pradhAnatA pAne vAlA Izvara mahattvahIna sA jAna par3atA hai| aise to nirIzvaravAdI dharmoM ne pahale hI Izvara ko anAvazyaka ghoSita kara diyA hai, parantu vijJAna ne to Izvara kI sthiti ko aura nAjuka banA diyA hai / bI0 ena0 hephara ne likhA hai : "Izvara mAnava ke liye anAvazyaka aura luptaprAya ho gayA hai / "3 isameM koI zaka nahIM ki Aja kA mAnava apanI vaijJAnika upalabdhiyoM ko dekhakara itarA rahA hai aura use apanI garimA ke sAmane Izvara tathA dharma tuccha dikhAI par3a rahe haiN| kintu jisa paramANu zakti kI khoja ne use vikAsa kI coTI para pahuMcA diyA hai usI meM mAnava kA sarvanAza bhI nihita hai / vijJAna AkAza meM apanA vizrAma sthala banA sakatA hai para vaha sthAyI rUpa lene ke bajAya dhvasta bhI ho sakatA hai aura mAnava ke liye vizrAma dAtA na banakara prANaghAtaka bhI siddha ho sakatA hai| phira to Aja kA vijJAna kyA batA sakatA hai ki vaha kidhara jA rahA hai-AkAza kI ora yA mRtyu kI ora ? mAnava jIvana ke do pakSa haiM-buddhi tathA pshutaa| vijJAna taraha-taraha ke prayogoM ke AdhAra para mAnavIya buddhi ko vikasita kara rahA hai jisase mAnava jIvana ekAMgI hotA jA rahA hai| mAnava meM chipI huI pazutA Aja ke vijJAna ke kAraNa balavatI hotI jA rahI hai| jisa taraha eka pazu dUsare pazu ke khA jAnA cAhatA hai usI taraha Aja kA mAnava apanA vikAsa aura dUsare kA binAza cAha rahA hai jisake lie vaha yuddha ke nae-nae upakaraNoM ke nirmANa evaM saMkalpa meM lagA hai| usakI pazutA bar3hatI jA rahI hai aura mAnavatA ghaTatI jA rahI hai| manuSya ko pazu se mAnava yadi koI banA sakatA hai, to vaha dharma hI hai| dharma meM koI prayoga yA parIkSaNa nahIM hotaa| isakA sambandha jIvana ke Antarika pakSa se hai| Antarika pakSa hI vikasita hokara jIvana ko samagratA pradAna karatA hai| vijJAna kI upalabdhiyAM mAnava jIvana ke lie upayogI siddha hotI haiM kintu unake durupayoga bhI unake sAtha hote haiN| jaba taka manuSya meM dharma kI udAratA nahIM AtI hai, taba taka vaha apane ko vijJAna ke durupayoga se nahIM bacA sakatA hai| ataH yadyapi vijJAna aura dharma ke alaga-alaga kSetra haiM, para donoM eka dUsare ke sahayogI ho sakate haiM, pUraka ho sakate haiM / aura Aja kA mAnava sirpha vijJAna ko hI na apanAe balki dharma kA bhI anugamana kare to usake lie zreyaSkara hai| samAjavAda aura dharma pAzcAtya vicAraka rozana ne kahA hai-'samAjavAda una pravRttiyoM kA samarthaka hai no sArvajanika kalyANa para jora detI haiN|"4 yaha siddhAnta samAja meM eka stara tathA samAnatA lAne kA prayAsa karatA hai| kintu samAjavAda ke 3. God has been edged out from every human sphere of life and he has become obsolete. -sAmAnya dharma darzana-pR0 46 / 4. samAjadarzana kI bhUmikA-DaoN. jagadIza sahAya zrIvAstava, pR0 278 /

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2] Adhunika yuga aura dharma 65 samarthakoM meM do prakAra ke vicAraka dekhe jAte haiN| kucha samAjavAdI vicArakoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki samAjavAda ko hiMsAtmaka tarIke se hI lAyA jA sakatA hai| kucha dUsare prakAra ke vicAraka yaha mAnate haiM ki hiMsAtmaka DhaMga se lAyA huA samAjavAda utanA acchA nahIM hotA jitanA ki ahiMsAtmaka DhaMga se lAyA huA samAjavAda hotA hai / ataH ahiMsAtmaka paddhati se hI samAjavAda kI sthApanA honI caahie| jarmanI ke eka vicAraka nyUkhnara ne kahA thA"jhopar3iyoM meM sukha-zAnti ho aura rAja-prAsAdoM kA vikAsa ho / "5 svayaM kArla mArksa ne bhI hiMsAtmaka paddhati kA hI samarthana kiyA hai| dharma ko to unhoMne jahara kahA hai| jisa prakAra jahara prANaghAtaka hotA hai, usI prakAra dharma bhI samAja ke lie vinAzaka hai| samAja ke eka pakSa kA nAza karake dUsare pakSa kA vikAsa karanA nizcita hI sAmAjikatA ko kamajora karane kI bAta hai| samAjavAda to samAnatA lAnA cAhatA hai| yadi kisI eka pakSa ko naSTa kara diyA , to samAjavAda kI mAnyatA hI samApta ho jAtI hai| kAle mAksa ne yadi dharma ko jahara kahA hai, to isase aisA samajhanA cAhie ki saMbhavataH usakI dRSTi dhAmika rUr3hiyoM kI ora thI, jinase dharma yA samAja kA vikAsa nahIM balki hrAsa hotA hai| kyoMki dharma to eka vyavasthA hai, eka paddhati hai jisase alaga nahIM huA jA sktaa| bhAratIya paramparA meM sAmAjika vyavasthA kA AdhAra to dharma hI hai| Rgveda meM samAja ko eka zarIra ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai jisake cAra aMga mAne gae haiM - brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra / ye varNa eka dUsare ke pUraka samajhe gae haiM aura inake sahayoga se samAja kI sampUrNatA vikasita hotI hai| bhAratIya paramparA meM kahI bhI aisA hai ki eka kA nAza karake dUsare kA vikAsa ho / Aja ke bhAratIya samAjavAdI-AcArya narendra deva DaoN. rAmamanohara lohiyA, jayaprakAza nArAyaNa Adi ahiMsavAdI samAjavAda ke samarthaka haiN| jahA~ ahiMsA hai, vahA~ dharma hai| prasiddha ukti hai-'ahiMsA paramodharmaH' arthAt ahiMsA hI sarvotkRSTa dharma hai| dharma aura samAja ke mahatvoM ko dekhate hue paM. dInadayAla upAdhyAya ne kahA hai : "hameM dharmarAjya , lokatantra, sAmAjika samAnatA aura Arthika vikendrIkaraNa ko apanA lakSya banAnA hogaa| .. ina sabakA sammilita niSkarSa hI hameM eka aisA jIvana-darzana upalabdha karA sakegA jo Aja ke samasta jhaMjhAvAtoM se hameM surakSA pradAna kara sake / Apa ise kisI bhI nAma se pukAriye-hindutvavAda, mAnavatAvAda athavA anya koI nayAvAda, kintu yahI ekameva mArga bhArata kI AtmA ke anurUpa hogA aura janatA meM navIna utsAha saMcArita kara skegaa|" gAMdhIvAda aura dharma gAMdhIjI satya aura ahiMsA ke pujArI the| unake anusAra satya Izvara hai yA Izvara satya hai aura ahiMsA ke mArga para calakara hI Izvara taka pahu~cA jA sajatA hai| gAMdhIjI para jaina sAdhaka zrImadrAjacandra, pAzcAtya vicAraka thoriyo ( Thoreau ), raskina ( Ruskin ) tathA TaoNlsaTaoNya ( Tolstoy ) ke prabhAva the| dharma to unakI cintanapaddhati kA AdhAra stambha hai| kintu dharma kA prayoga unhoMne kabhI bhI kisI saMkucita artha meM nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne kahA hai"dharma se merA tAtparya kiso aupacArika yA vyAvahArika dharma se nahIM hai, varam usa dharma se hai jo sabhI dharmoM kA mUla hai aura jo hameM sraSTA kA sAkSatkAra karAtA hai" / unakA vizvAsa dhArmika sahiSNutA tathA dharmanirapekSatA meM thaa| gAMdhIjI 5. vahIM pR0278 / 6. paM. dInadayAla upAdhyAya, rASTra ciMtana pR074 / samAjadarzana kI bhUmikA-pR0 284 / 7. vahIM pR0 367 /

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66 paM0 jagamohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa ke mana meM samI dharmoM ke prati Adara kA bhAva thaa| isIlie unhoMne kahA hai-"maiM vedoM ke ekamAtra Izvara meM vizvAsa nahIM karatA / merA vizvAsa hai ki bAibila, kurAna aura jenda-avastA meM utanI hI IzvarIya preraNA hai jitanI ki vedoM meM pAyI jAtI hai|"8 unakI prArthanAsabhA meM prAyaH sabhI dharmoM kI prArthanAeM hotI thii| dharma ke sambandha meM unakA yaha vizvAsa thA ki yadi koI vyakti kisI eka dharma ko acchI taraha se samajhakara usakA anugamana karatA hai to use usake mana meM anya dharmoM ke prati kisI prakAra kA durbhAva nahIM utpanna ho sakatA hai| isalie unhoMne kahA hai ki yadi hindU ko apane dharma se asantoSa hai, to vaha usakA adhyayana karake eka acchA hindU bne| ve apane viSaya meM kahA karate the ki maiM eka kaTTara hindU hU~, isIlie eka IsAI bhI hU~, eka musalamAna bhI hU~, eka jaina aura bauddha bhI huuN| ____ gAMdhIjI kI dharmanirapekSatA kA kucha nAsamajha logoM ne yaha mA artha lagAyA hai-dharma kI apekSA nahIM yA dharma kI koI AvazyakatA nhiiN| bhalA, satya aura ahiMsA kA anuyAyI dharma se apane ko vimukha rakhegA ? para kucha loga apanI bhUla ko chupAne ke lie gA~dhIjI ke kathanoM ke artha na prastuta karake anartha hI prastuta karate haiN| vAstava meM, gAMdhIjI eka dhArmika vyakti the aura dharma ko apane vicAroM meM unhoMne saccA aura sArthaka rUpa diyA hai| sa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki Adhunika yuga dharma se apane ko alaga karake apanA kalyANa nahIM kara sktaa| yaha yuga cAhe vijJAna ko apanAye athavA samAjavAda ko yA gA~dhIvAda ko yA anya kisI vAda ko, parantu dharma to isake sAtha , rhegaa| kyoMki dharma eka AsthA hai, eka vyavasthA hai, jIvana kA AdhAra hai / jo bhI hamAre jIvana kI vyavasthA karatA hai, jisapara hamArA jIvana AdhArita hai, vahI hamArA dharma hai| jIvana kI vyavasthA yadi gAMdhIvAda se hotI hai to gA~dhIvAda dharma hai, yadi jIvana kI vyavasthA samAjavAda yA sAmyavAda se hotI hai, bahI dharma hai| hA~, itanI bAta jarUra hai ki dharma ko kAla ke anusAra apane meM parivartana lAnA hogaa| prAcInakAla meM pratipAdita dharma ko hama yadi Adhunika yuga meM binA kisI parivartana ke lAnA cAheMge to, dharmAnugamana asambhava nahIM to muzkila avazya hogaa| jainoM kA anekAMtavAda isa dizA meM hamArA parama mArga-darzaka hogaa| vartamAna jIvana ke liye, prazaMsA, sammAna aura pUjA ke liye, janma, maraNa aura mocana ke liye, duHkha pratikAra ke liye, koI sAdhaka vividha kAya ke jovoM kI hiMsA karatA hai, karavAtA hai yA anumodana karatA hai, vaha usake liye ahita aura abodhi ke liye hotI hai| -AcArAMga, zAstra parijJA 8. vahIM pR0 368 /

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dhArmika pariprekSya meM Aja kA zrAvaka DaoN. subhASa koThArI zodha adhikArI, Agama ahiMsA samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai, use samAja, parivAra, rASTra se jur3e hone ke kAraNa pratyeka kSetra meM apane kArya vyavahAra ko karanA par3atA hai aura karatA hai| 2500 varSa prAcIna mahAvIra samAja kI tulanA vartamAna samAja se kareM, to hama pAte haiM ki mahAvIra ke pracalita siddhAnta va upadeza donoM hI samayoM meM yugAnukUla the va hai, AvazyakatA sirpha use antaHsparzita kara samajhane kI hai| hA~, yaha avazya hai ki deza kAla kI paristhitiyoM se Aja kA mAnava tAkika va vakra ho gayA hai jaba ki mahAvIra yugIna mAnava bhadra va sarala prakRti kA thaa| vibhinna dharma granthoM meM sAdhanA kI mukhya rUpa se do hI vidhiyAM pracalita hai-prathama gRhasthAvasthA kA tyAga kara saMnyAsI, yogI, muni va bhikSu bananA va dvitIya grahasthAvasthA meM rahakara zrAvaka, upAsaka, anuyAyI va gRhI bananA / donoM hI ke pAlana karane yogya kucha niyama pUrvAcAryoM ne dharmagranthoM meM pratipAdita kiye hai| yaha eka alaga bAta hai ki ve niyama kahA~ taka pAlana hote haiN| jaina AcAra granthoM meM zrAvaka va usake pAlana karane ke niyamoM kA vistAra vaNita hai| zrApaka jainAgama granthoM meM upAsaka, zramaNIpAsaka, gihI, agAra va zrAvaka zabda grahastha ke liye prayukta hue hai| paM0 AzAdhara ne sAgAradharmAmRta meM paMca parameSThI kA bhakta, dAna va pUjana karane vAlA, mUlaguNa va uttaraguNa kA pAlana karane vAlA zrAvaka hotA hai, yaha kahA hai|' eka zrAvaka zabda "zru" dhAtu se niSpanna hai jisakA artha hai sunane vaalaa| arthAt jo pratidina sAdhuoM se samyaka darzana Adi sAmAcAro ko sunatA ho, vaha parama zrAvaka hai / 2 zrAvakAcAra ko pUrvapIThikA eka grahastha ko zrAvaka kahalAne kI sthiti taka pahu~cane ke liye kucha viziSTa guNoM ko apane antaH cetana meM sthAna denA Avazyaka hotA hai| vaise inakA koI Agamika ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki yaha mAnakara calA jAtA hai ki eka sadgRhastha meM ye guNa to hogeM hii| uttaravartI AcAryoM, jinameM haribhadra-dharma-binbu prakaraNa 3 1. sAgAra dharmAmRta 1, 15 / 2. zrAvaka prajJapti, gAthA 2 / 3. zAstrI, devendra muni : jaina AcAra : siddhAnta va svarUpa, pRSTha 237 / 4. hemacandra, yogazAstra : 1147-56 /

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68 paM0 jagamohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa hemacandra-yogazAstra, paM0 AzAdhara-sAgAra dharmAmRta" ne ina sadguNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| yogazAstra meM inheM mArgAnusArI ke guNa kahakara nimna prakAra nAmAMkita kiyA hai : 1. nyAya-nIti se dhana kA upArjana karanA / 2. ziSTa puruSoM ke AcAra kI prazaMsA karanA / 3. apane kula va zIla ke samAna stara vAloM se pariNaya sambandha krnaa| 4. pApoM se bhaya / 5. prasiddha dezAcAra kA pAlana karanA / 6. paranindA nahIM karanA / 7. ekadama khule va banda sthAna para ghara kA nirmANa nahIM karanA / 8. ghara ke bAhara jAne ke dvAra aneka nahIM ho / 9. sadAcArI puruSoM kI saMgati krnaa| 10. mAtA-pitA ko sevA bhakti karanA / 11. citta meM kSoma utpanna karane vAle sthAna se dUra rahanA / 12. nindanIya kAma meM pravRtti nahIM karanA / 13. Aya ke anusAra vyaya karanA / 14. Arthika sthiti ke anusAra kapar3e phnnaa| 15. buddhi ke ATha guNoM se yukta hokara dharma zravaNa karanA / 16. ajIrNa hone para bhojana nahIM karanA / 17. niyata samaya para saMtoSa se bhojana kreN| 18. cAra puruSArthoM kA sevana krnaa| 19. atithi-Adi kA satkAra krnaa| 20. kamI durAgraha ke vazIbhUta nahIM ho / 21. guNoM kA pakSapAtI ho| 22. deza va kAla ke pratikUla AcaraNa nahIM krnaa| 23. apanI sAmarthya ke anusAra kAma kreN| 24. sadAcArI kA Adara kreN| 25. apane AzritoM kA pAlana poSaNa kreN| 26. dIrghadarzI ho| 27. apane hita-ahita ko smjheN| 28. kRtajJa ho| 29. sadAcAra va sevA dvArA janatA kA prema sampAdita kreN| 30. lajjAzIla ho| 31. dayAvAna ho| 5. sAgAra dharmAmRta-adhyAya-eka /

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2] 32. saumya ho / 33. paropakAra karane meM udyata ho / 34. kAma krodhAdi ke tyAga meM udyata ho / 35. indriyoM ko vaza meM rakhe / dhArmika pariprekSya meM Aja kA zrAvaka yadyapi ina guNoM kI saMkhyA bhI vibhinna AcAryoM ne alaga-alaga batAI hai. phira bhI ina paMtosa guNoM meM una sabakA samAveza ho jAtA hai| ina guNoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina AcAra ke niyama pUrNataH vyAvahArika va sAmAjika hai / ina guNoM para vyakti ke svayaM, parivAra, ba samAja kA vikAsa nirbhara hai / ina vyAvahArika niyamoM ke bAda saiddhAntika niyamoM ko leM, to aNuvrata, guNavrata va zikSAvratoM kA pAlana mahattvapUrNa hotA hai / aNuvrata 69 ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya va aparigraha kA sthUla rUpa se pAlana karanA aNuvrata kahalAtA / hiMsA ke do bheda kiye jA sakate haiM -- sUkSma va sthUla / pRthvI, pAnI, vAyu, agni va vanaspati kI hiMsA sUkSma va trasa prANiyoM kI hiMsA sthUla hisA kahI jAtI hai| zrAvaka gRhasthAvasthA meM rahakara sUkSma hiMsA se nahIM baca pAtA hai aura sAmAjika kAryoM meM sthUla hiMsA hotI hai / ataH vaha sirpha "maiM ise mArU" isa prakAra kI saMkalpI hiMsA kA tyAga karatA hai / Aja ke vyAvahArika jagata meM bhI sabhya vyakti anAvazyaka trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA kA virodha karegA hI / dvitIya asatya bhASaNa nahIM karane kI bAta hai| isameM loka ciruddha, rAjya viruddha, dharma viruddha jhUTha nahIM bolane kA vidhAna hai / dUsaroM kI nindA karanA, gupta bAtoM ko prakaTa karanA, jhUThA upadeza denA, jhUThe lekha likhanA- inameM doSa mAne gaye haiM / sthUla rUpa se coro nahI karanA, kisI ko corI ke lie nahIM bhejanA, corI kI vastu nahIM lenA, rAjyaniyamoM kA ullaghaMna nahI karanA asteya aNuvrata hai / sAmAnyatayA yaha sAmAjika va Arthika aparAdha bho hai / apanI patnI kI maryAdA rakhakara anya sabhI striyoM ko mAtA-bahina ke sadRzya samajhanA brahmacarya siddhAnta hai / kisI vaizyA Adi ke sAtha rahanA, azlIla kAma krIDAe~ karanA, dUsaroM kA vivAha karAnA, kAmabhoga kI tIvra abhilASA karanA doSa hai / inase bacane kA nirdeza hai / Aja bhI balAtkAra, vaizyAvRtti, heya dRSTi se dekhe jAte hai / apanI AvazyakatA se adhika vastu kA upayoga nahIM karanA, use dUsaroM ko bAMTa denA aparigraha hai / sAtha hI apane upayoga meM Ane vAlI vastuoM kI maryAdA nizcita le jisase usase adhika parigraha se mukta raha sakeM / tIna guNavrata inameM dizAvrata, upabhoga parimANa vrata va anartha daNDa Ate hai / ye aNuvratoM ke vikAsa meM sahAyaka hote haiM / dizAvrata dizAoM kI sImA nirdhAraNa karatA hai, uttara, dakSiNa, pUrva, pazcima Adi meM gamanAgamaNa evaM vyApAra karane para roka lagAtA hai / anartha daNDa harI vanaspati kATanA Adi anarthakArI hiMsA ke tyAga kA upadeza detA hai / cAra zikSAvrata inameM sAmAyika dezAvakAzika, auSadha va atithi saMvibhAga vrata sammilita hai / ye mAnava kI antaH cetanA se jAgrata saMskAra hai / inase AdhyAtmika unnati kI ora agrasara huA jAtA hai / inase vyakti sahiSNu va AtmajayI banatA

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70 paM0 jagamohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa hai, vikAroM va pApoM kA prAyazcita karatA hai va mukti kI ora agrasara hone ke lie kadama bar3hAtA hai, yadyapi jaina AcAra ke granyoM meM guNavatoM va zikSAvratoM ke nAmoM meM bheda hai phira bhI artha va vivecanA kI dRSTi se sabhI eka samAna hai| vartamAna paristhitiyAM uparyukta zrAvakAcAra ke vyAvahArika va saiddhAntika niyamoM ko jaba Aja ke pariprekSya meM dekhate haiM, to glAni mahasUsa hotI hai / apavAda kI bAta nahIM karatA, parantu sAdhu ke lie bhI "ammA piyA" kI upAdhi se alaMkRta zrAvaka Aja apanA astitva bhUlAe baiThe hai / Aja ahiMsaka hone ke sthAna para dUsaroM para doSAropaNa, bAhya ADambara pUrNa vaibhava pradarzana va Ayojana, dharma va sampradAya ke nAma para samAja Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara dene vAlA ahiMsA kA pUjArI mahAvora kA anuyAyI vahI zrAvaka hai ? / apanA doSa dUsaroM para Aropita kara samyakatvI kahalAne vAlA zrAvaka svadharmI bandhu kI AlocanA karatA-phiratA hai / DaoN. dayAnanda bhArgava ne eka sabhA meM ThIka hI kahA thA ki "ghara meM pahale diyA jalA leM, mandira meM bAda meN"| svayaM ke doSoM ko pahale dekha leM, bAda meM anya kI AlocanA kreN| dharma va siddhAnta kI bAta karate hue hama apane andara meM hiMsA, svArtha va Asakti ke tatva chipAye ghUma rahe hai| saca to yaha hai ki aise dikhAvaTI zrAvakoM kA hI bolabAlA rahatA varga sabhI ko dharma, sadAcAra va naitikatA kA pATha par3hAte haiM aura unakI nigAhoM ke nIce vaha saba hotA hai jo nahI honA cAhiye / lAkhoM kA dAna dene vAlA vyakti samAja kA netA, sudhAraka, dharmaniSTha, upAsaka, upAdhiyoM se alaMkRta hotA hai / yaha kaisA zrAvaka ? va kahAM kA dharmaniSTha ? agara saca pUchA jAya to eka mAha meM eka ghaNTA bhI zrAvakAcAra kA pAlana nahIM hotA hogaa| Aja zrAvaka svayaM ke AcAra se bhI pUrNa rUpa se paricita nahIM hai, to pAlana karane kI bAta hI kyA hai ? kahA~ hai vaha zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM kI paramparA jahA~ eka aura Ananda va kAmadeva jaise dhAvaka the-jayantI, zivAnandA, agnimitrA jaisI zrAvikAeM thI, jo sAdhuoM se bhI utkRSTa koTi kI sAdhanA meM rata the, jo svayaM ke AcAravicAra ke jJAtA hone ke sAtha sAtha sAdhvAcAra ke bhI pUrNa jJAtA the| jahA~ svayaM ke AcAra meM zithilatA AtI usakA prAyazcita karate the, sAtha hI muni AcAra meM zithilatA dRSTigocara hotI, to unheM bhI kartavya bodha karAte the / parantu Aja isa dAyitva ko saMbhAlane vAlA zrAvaka varga kahA~ hai ? kahA~ hai vaha lokAzAha jo samAja meM krAnti kA agradUta bana sake ? __ zrAvaka kA pahalA kadama samyakatva hotA hai arthAt suguru, sudeva va sudharma para zraddhA, parantu Aja hamAre dharmAcArya samyakatva ke nAma para apanI apanI TImeM banA rahe haiM, ve alaga-alaga guruoM se alaga-alaga samyakatva grahaNa karAne para jora dete hai / zrAvaka AcAra ke niyamoM ko suyugAnukUla paristhitiyoM meM kahIM bhI badalane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / kyA mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita siddhAnta sapta kuvyasana kA tyAga, mArgAnusArI ke guNa; bAraha vratoM ko upayogitA tava thI, aba nahI hai aura unameM parivartana kI guMjAisa hai ? nahIM ! ye to jIvana ke zAzvata mUlya hai, jinameM varSoM kyA, zatAbdiyoM taka parivartana kI guMjAiza nahIM hai / zrAvakAcAra kA Azaya sirpha yahI hai ki zrAvaka apanI asmitA ko pahacAne, apane AcaraNa va vyavahAra meM ekarUpatA rakhe / apane kartavyoM va dAyitvoM ko pahacAnane se hI samAja kA astitva banA raha paayegaa| 6. zravaka dharma kI prAsaMgikatA kA prazna-DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina /

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jaina mAdhu aura bIsavIM sadI nirmala AjAda jabalapura itihAsa sAkSI hai ki vibhinna yugoM meM vizva ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM sabhyatA aura saMskRti ke unnayana meM rAjasattA aura dharmasattA ne kabhI milakara aura kamI svatantrarUpa se yogadAna kiyA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vartamAna ke samAna bhUtakAla meM bhI mAnava ko rAjabhaya ko apekSA dharma-maya ne sadA jhakajhorA hai, use dharmaprANa banAye rakkhA hai| rAjasattA sadaiva badalatI rahI hai, usake vikarAla rUpoM ko mAnava ne kamI nahIM sraahaa| isake viparyAsa meM / siddhAntoM ne sadaiva mAnava ko zAnti evaM sukha kI ora agrasara kiyA hai, usake naitika siddhAnta sthira raheM haiM aura Aja bhI unake mUlya yathAvat haiN| dharma ne mAnava ko manovaijJAnikataH prabhAvita kiyA hai| isIliye vaha rAjanIti ko tulanA meM dharma se adhika anuprANita pAyA jAtA hai / vaha use dharma kI kasauTI para kasatA hai| use lagatA hai-dharma se anuprANita rAjanIti hI mAnava kA malA kara sakatI hai, usakI svacchanda aura mahatvAkAMkSI manovRtti para niyamana isakA saMsmaraNa karAne, saMskAra karane ke lie 'saMbhavAmi yuge yuge' mahApuruSa janma lete rahate haiN| isa yuga meM bihAra bhUmi meM janme mahAvIra aise hI eka trikAlajayI mahApuruSa the / unhoMne yuga ke anurUpa, pArzvaparamparA meM, sAmayika parivartana kiye, caturyAma ko paMcayAma banAyA, sacelaacela ke madhya digaMvaratva ko sAdhanA kA prakRSTa mArga kahA, naye tIrtha kA pravartana kara sAdhu-sAdhvo, zrAvaka, zrAvikA ke caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA kii| saMgha jaina saMskRti evaM paramparA kA vAhaka rahA hai| apane jJAna, tyAga, cAritra .. evaM anya guNoM kI garimA se saMgha, pramukha sAdhuoM ne mahAvIra kI paramparA ko jIvanta banAye rakhane kA zreya pAyA hai| ye sAdhu vyakti nahIM haiM, saMsthA haiN| ina para saMgha aura samAja kA uttaradAyitva hai| isa saMsthA kA gauravazAlI itihAsa hai| yaha hamArI naitika saMskRti kI preraka aura mArgadarzaka rahI hai| vIsavIM sadI ke aneka jhaMjhAvAtoM ke bAvajada bhI isako upayogitA evaM sAmarthya para koI prazna cihna nahIM laga sakA hai| vibhinna yuga kI AvazyakatAoM evaM paristhitijanya jaTilatAoM ne isa saMsthA meM aneka parivartana yA vikRtiyA~ utpanna kI hai| inakA uddezya Atmara evaM dharmapracAra pramukha rahA hai| ye parivartana prAyaH bahirmukhI haiM, ye hamAre anekAntI jIvana paddhati ke jvalanta pramANa haiM / AcArya bhadrabAhu, AcArya kAlaka, AcArya samaMtabhadra, maTTa akalaMka, AcArya mAnatuMga tathA anya AcAryoM ke jIvana caritra Aja bhI hamArI preraNA ke srota haiN| inakI sAdhutA ke Adarza evaM vyavahAra hamArA mArgadarzana karate haiN| sAdhu ke zAstrIya lakSaNa byAvahArika dRSTi se jaina paramparA nivRttimArgI mAnI jAtI hai| ataH isa paramparA meM jIvama kA carama uddezya dukhamaya saMsAra se sukhamaya jIvana kI ora jAnA mAnA gayA hai| isa prakriyA ke liye sAdhanA apekSita hai, saralatA

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72 50 jagamohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa apekSita hai| sAdhu zabda ke ye donoM hI vihita artha haiN| sAdhanA kA artha saMsAra meM mAnya tathAkathita bhautika evaM mAnasika sukhoM kI ora nirapekSatA kI pravRtti ko vikasita karanA hai| isake liye uttarAdhyayana meM sAdhu ke prAyaH 25 guNoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| ye guNa sAdhu ke mana-vacana-zarIra ko sAMsArika vikRtiyoM se niyantrita karate haiM aura ratnatraya kI prApti meM sahAyaka hote haiM / samavAyAMga aura Avazyaka niyukti meM pAMca mahAbata, paMcendriya nigraha, kapAyanigraha, mana-vacana-kAya dvArA zuma pravRtti, vedanA sahatA, maraNAnta kaSTasahanA Adi sAdhu ke 27 mUla guNoM kI carcA hai| mUlAcAra meM pAMca mahAvrata, paMcendriya jaya, pAMca samiti, chaha Avazyaka tathA kezaloMca, asnAna Adi sAta guNoM ko milAkara 28 mUla guNoM kI carcA hai| inameM hI AcAravattA, zrutajJatA, prAyazcita, evaM AsanAdi kI kSamatA, AzApAyadarzitA, utpIlakatA, asrAvitA evaM sukhakAritA ke ATha guNa milane para uttama sAdhu ke 36 guNa ho jAte haiN| kuMdakuMda sAdhu ke cAritra pradhAna kevala 18 guNa ( 5 mahAbata, 5 indriyanigraha, 5 samiti evaM 3 gupti) mAnate haiN| isake uparAnta aneka AcAryoM ne bhinna bhinna rUpa se 36 guNoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai ( sAraNI / ) / bIsavIM sadI meM AcArya vidyAnanda 12 tapa, 10 dharma, paMcAcAra, chaha Avazyaka aura tIna guptiyoM ke rUpa meM 36 gaNoM ko mAnyatA dete haiN| inameM kucha punarUktiyAM pratIta hotI haiN| tapa cAritra kA hI eka aMga hai, phira tapAcAra aura cAritrAcAra ko pRthak se girAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| daza dharma mana-vacana-kAma ke hI niyaMtraka haiM, phira guptiyoM kI kyA pRthak se AvazyakatA hai ? saMbhavataH samitiyoM ke mUla guNoM meM A jAne se guptiyoM ko ina uttara., guNoM meM liyA gayA ho| sthiti kalpa bhI prAyaH mUla guNoM meM A jAte haiN| ataH sAdhu ke mUla guNa aura uttaraguNa-donoM hI 28 se adhika samucita nahIM pratIta hote / jaba 18 se 36 kI paramparA banI, taba parivartana to huA hI, punarAvartana bhI huA / vastutaH aneka punarAvartana bhI zithilatA ke preraka hote haiM / yahA~ kucha udAharaNa diye jA raheM haiN| inheM dhyAna ___ mUla guNa uttaraguNoM meM punarAbartana 1. chaha Avazyaka chaha Avazyaka (a) pratikramaNa kriyAyukta, pratikramI ( sthitikalpa ) 2. paMca mahAvrata bratI, sadguNI ( sthiti kalpa ) AcAravatva 3. Acelakya digambaratva 4. kSitizayana azamyAsana meM rakha kara punarAvartanoM ko dUra karanA cAhiye / sAtha hI ardhagarmI guNoM kI saMkhyA nyUnatama kI jAnI cAhiye / isa punarAvartana ke kAraNa mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNoM kA bheda hI samApta ho jAtA hai| phalataH sAdhu ke Avazyaka guNoM kA punarIkSita nirUpaNa Avazyaka hai| ye guNa sAdhu ke liye Adarza hai| zrAvakoM ko inameM preraNA milatI hai| dhavalA meM bhI solaha prAkRtika upamAnoM se sAdhu ke guNoM ko lakSita kiyA gayA hai| sAdhu aura AcArya yaha nizcita nahIM hai ki janoM meM bahupracalita NamokAra maMtra kaba AvirbhUta huA, para usakI kAlika bhAvanA sarvatobhadra rahI hai| usameM zrAvaka dharma ke sAdhaka se Age kI zreNiyoM kI pUjyatA kA vivaraNa hai| pUjyoM evaM namaskAryoM kI AdhArazilA sAghu-zreNI hai| sAdhanA evaM saralatA kI isa koTi se Age upAdhyAya aura AcAryoM kI koTi hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki sAdhu AcAra pramukha hotA hai aura anya koTiyAM AcAra pramukhatA ke sAtha darzana-jJAna bahula bhI hotI hai| isa liye unakI koTi uccatara hotI hai| koTi ko uccatA unake kartavyoM, uttaradAyitvoM ko bar3hAtI hai aura isake phalasvarUpa unheM kucha adhikAra bhI detI hai| digambara paramparA meM upAdhyAya nagaNya hI hue haiM, para

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2] jaina sAdhu aura bIsavIM sadI 73 zvetAmbara paramparA meM inakI saMkhyA paryApta hai| phira bhI saMgha ke saMcAlana, saMvardhana evaM mArgadarzana meM AcArya kA hI nAma AtA hai / sAmAnyataH puruSa sAdhu hI AcArya banAye jAte rahe haiM, para upAdhyAya amaramuni ne sAdhvIzrI caMdanA jI ko AcAryatva pada pradAna kara sAdhviyoM ke lie naI paramparA kA zrI gaNeza kara nayI jyoti vikirita kI hai / sAdhu saMghastha hotA hai aura AcArya saMghanAyaka hotA hai| vaha sAghujanoM kI zikSA, dIkSA, anuzAsana, prAyazcitta, saMgharakSA Adi kA detA aura mArgadarzI hotA hai / isaliye sAmAnya sAdhu kI tulanA meM usameM kucha guNavizeSa hone caahiye| ina guNoM kA kaSaMNa to usane svayaM kI sAdhu avasthA meM kiyA hai, inakA abhyAsa aura vikAsa usameM aisI zakti utpanna karanA hai jo use saMghanAyaka banAtI hai| mahAvIra ke yuga meM sAdhu-saMgha ke kucha niyama vikasita kiye gaye the : (i) sAdhU-saMgha parvata, udyAna yA nahIM rahate the / isa kAraNa ArUr3ha rahate the / caityoM para bane sthAnoM para AvAsa kre| ye sthAna sudUra hote the aura janAkIrNa sAdhu jana-samparka meM kama-se-kama A pAte the| phalataH ve Adarza sAdhanA patha para (ii) sAdhu upAsarA, devakula, sthAnaka, dharmazAlA Adi sAghu-AvAsa banavAne vAle vyavasthApakoM yA zreSThavarga ke ghara azana-pAna nahIM kre| yahI nahIM, sAghu kSiti-zayana yA kASTha para para sove / (iii) sAdhu ko rAjAoM kA Adara yA mitratA nahIM karanI cAhiye / unheM unake yahA~ yA unase sambandhita vyaktiyoM aura adhikAriyoM ke yahA~ AhAra grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhiye / (iv) sAghu ko snAna nahIM karanA cAhiye, koTi kA kezaluMcana karanA cAhiye / AvAgamana - sAdhana hai / (v) AvazyakatA par3ane para grAma meM eka dina tathA nagara meM pA~ca dina se adhika AvAsa nahIM karanA cAhiye / (vi) sAdhu kA AhAra Agamika uddezyoM kI pUrti tathA acittatA para AdhArita khAdyoM para nirbhara rahanA cAhiye / (vii) sAdhu kI anya caryA naitika evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI honI cAhiye / isameM svAdhyAya, dhyAna Adi kA adhikAdhika mahattva rahatA hai / daMtadhAvana nahIM karanA cAhiye / sAdhu ko uttama, madhyama yA jaghanya koTi sAdhu ko yAna vAhana kA upayoga nahIM karanA cAhiye / padayAtrA hI usakA meM hone lage the aura ve sabhI prakAra ke samAna jainazramaNoM meM bhI dharma-pracAra kI 10 sAdhu kA AvAsa mahAbIra kA yuga grAma aura nagara gaNa-rAjyoM kA thA / una dinoM bIsavIM sadI ke samAna lAkhoM ko AbAdI vAle nagara nahIM the, zaharI saMskRti kI jaTilatAyeM nahIM thIM / yAtAyAta ke sAdhana tathA dhArmika uddezyoM kI pUrti karane vAle AvAsa bhavana nagaNya the / una dinoM manuSya prAkRtika jIvana kA abhyasta thA / phalataH uparokta aneka niyama samayAnukUla the / Aja grAmINa saMskRti gA~voM meM bhI samApta prAya dikhatI hai, zaharoM kI to bAta kyA ? isaliye AvAsa hetu prAkRtika sthaloM kI samasyA spaSTa hai, janAkIrNatA kI bAta bhI jaTila ho gaI hai| mahAvIra ke paMcayAma meM brahmacarya ke samAhita hone para bhI janasaMkhyA meM lagAtAra vRddhi hote rahanA mI aneka Adhunika samasyAoM kA mUla hai / AvAsa sambandhI sthiti kI jaTilatA kA anubhava chaThavIM sAtavIM sadI meM ho hone lagA thA / isIliye AvAsa aura AhAra ke sambandha meM uparokta niyama (i-iii) mahattvapUrNa ho gaye the / sAdhuoM ke AvAsa gA~voM evaM nagaroM ke mandira, caitya evaM dharmazAlAoM Ane lage the / isa samparka se, anya dharmoM ke yaha mAnasikatA taba, sambhavataH aura ugra huI logoM ke adhikAdhika saMparka meM bhAvanA ne utkaTa rUpa liyA /

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74 paM0 jagamohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha anagAra ke 27 guNa ( harimadra ) (1) paMca mahAvrata 1. ahiMsA 2. satya 3. asteya 4. brahmacarya 5. aparigraha (2) paMcendriya jaya 6. sparzana jaya 7. rasanA jaya 8. ghrANa jaya 9. dRSTi jaya 10. zravaNa jaya anagAra ke 27 guNa, ( samavAyAMga ) 15. mahAvrata 6-10. paMcendriya jaya (9) 19-24. chaha kAya ke jIvoM kI rakSA 22 - 24. ratnatraya saMpannatA (10) 25. saMyama 25. yoga satya (11) 26. bedanA sahatA 26. vedanA sahatA (12) 27. mAraNAMtika kaSTasar3atA 27. maraNAMta kahatA (13) 28. anagAra ke 28 mUlaguNa, ( mUlAcAra ) 1-5. pAMca mahAvrata [ khaNDa sAraNI : sAdhu ke guNa : 6-10. paMcendriya nirodha 11-15. pAMca samiti IryA (3) 11. rAtri bhojana tyAga 11- 14. krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha tyAga 16-21. yaha Avazyaka (4) 12. mAna satya 15. bhAva satya sAmAyika (5) 13. karaNa satya 16. karaNa satya catuvizatistava (6) 14. kSamA : krodha jaya 17. kSamA vaMdanA (7) 15. virAgatA -loma jaya 18. virAgatA pratikramaNa (8) 16-18. mana, vacana, kAya, zubhavRtti 19-21. mana, vacana, kAya nirodha pratyAkhyAna kAyotsarga 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. bhASA aiSaNA AdAna-nikSepaNa vyutsarga keza loMca Acelakya asnAna kSitizayana adanta dhAvana sthiti bhojana eka bhakta

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jaina sAdhu aura vIsavIM sadI 75 2] mUlaguNa aura uttara guNa sAdhu ke 36 guNa (zvetAMbara) 1-5. pAMca mahAvrata sAdhu ke 36 guNa (digaMbara) 1-12. tapa 1-6. vAhya tapa 7-12. aMtaraMga tapa 13-22. vaza dharma 23-27. pAMca AcAra darzanAcAra jJAnAcAra tapAcAra cAritrAcAra vIryAcAra 28-33. chaha Avazyaka 6-10. pAMca AcAra 11-15. pAMca samiti sAdhu ke 36 guNa ( AzAdhara / zrutasAgara) 1-12. tapa 13-20. AcAravatva zrutAdhAra prAyazcittadAtA niryApaka AyApAyajJa doSAbhApaka aparisrAvI saMtoSakArI 21-26. chaha Avazyaka 16-20. paMcendriya jaya 21-24. cAra kaSAya mukti 34-36. tIna gupti 25-27. tIna gupti 28-36. 9 vAr3ayukta brahmacarya pAlana 27-36. vaza sthitikalpa 1. digaMbaratva, 2. anu0 bhojI, 3. azayyAsana, 4. arAjabhuk 5. kriyAyukta, 6. vratI, 7. sadguNI, 8. pratikramI, 9. SaNmAsayogI,10.varSAvAsa hogI, jaba rAjyAzraya ko dharma pracAra kA eka mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka mAnA gyaa|' vicArakoM evaM santoM ko isa prazna ne sadaiva Andolita kiyA hai ki dharma rAjAzrita ho yA rAjya dharmAzrita ho ? jainoM ne yaha anubhava kiyA ki jaba dezakAla kA saMkramaNa cala rahA ho aura dharma kA astitva agni parIkSA meM ho, taba surakSA kA eka mAtra sahArA rAjyAzraya hI hai| dakSiNa meM pallava rAjAoM ke yuga meM mahendravarmA-1 ke dharma-parivartana ne jainoM kI utpanna kiye| isake anurUpa anya kSetroM meM bhI jainoM kI dazA bigdd'ii| Atma-lakSyI sAdhu isa sthiti se vicalita na hote-yaha kyA sambhava thA ? ve saMgha saMcAlaka evaM samAja ke mArgadarzI jo haiN| unheM mUla siddhAntoM meM apavAda mArga kA Azraya lenA par3A / uparokta niyama ( ii-iii ) meM saMzodhana huaa| taba se Aja taka rAjyAzraya evaM zreSThi-Azraya kI I hai| yaha apavAda ke badale utsarga mArga kA rUpa le cukI hai| eka paramparA badalI, dusarI paramparA aaii| paramparAyeM sthAyI nahIM hotI, ataH jo loga paramparAvAda ko dharma kA mUla mAnate haiM, unheM itihAsa kA avalokana karanA cAhiye / sAdhu yA saMghanAyaka acchI paramparAoM ke poSI hote haiM para ve nayI paramparAoM ke pratiSThApaka bhI hote haiN| sAdhu-saMsthA ke prati AdarabhAva rakhane ke bAvajUda bhI, Aja kA prabuddha varga vartamAna sAdhu-samAja kI uparokta donoM pravRttiyoM para kAphI kSubdha hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaina paramparA ke vartamAna sAdhuoM meM ina pravRttiyoM se pUrNataH virata saMghanAyaka AcArya viralA hI hogaa| yaha to acchA hI hai ki bhArata dharmanirapekSa gaNarAjya hai, ataH yaha sabhI dharmoM kI pragati ke prati udAravRtti rakhatA hai| ataH isa vRtti kA lAbha anyoM ke samAna jaina saMghanAyaka bhI leM

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76 paM0 jagamohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa aura dhArmika pragati ke zreyobhAgI vana, yaha kSoma-jaso bAta to nahIM honI cAhiye / vibhinna paMcakalyANaka mahotsava, gommaTagiri-jaise tIrtha sthala nirmANa, gommaTezvara sahasrAbdi samAroha, paccIsa sauvAM mahAvIra nirvANotsava ke samAna agaNita dharma-prabhAvaka kAryo ke liye zAsana kI udAratA evaM sahayoga isI pravRtti ke pratiphala hai| inheM mAtra kSudrasvArtha yA jhUThI zoharata nahIM mAnanA cAhiye / ' hAM, yadi saMghanAyakoM meM yahI pravRtti pramukha ho jAve, to samAja ke prabuddha zrAvaka varga ko isakA niyamana karane meM hicaka nahIM honI cAhiye / sambhavataH abhI AlocanA kA yuga hI AyA hai| AvazyakatA niyamana ke yuga kI hai| rAjya, rAjA, zreSThI Adi samAja hitaiSI baneM, isa dRSTi se saMghanAyaka kA unase saMparka-sahayoga ThIka hai| isI AdhAra para sAdhu, anuSTi rUpa meM, unake yahA~ niyamAnukUla azana-pAna kare, yaha bhI autsargika rUpa meM lenA cAhiye / ve bhI pUro samAja ke hI eka aMga haiM / sAdhu-AcAra ke niyama una para bhI lAgU hote hai| sAdhu ke AvAsa ke sambandha meM grAma yA nagara meM nivAsa kI jo samaya sImA hai, vaha aba vicAraNIya ho gaI hai| yadi bhAratIya AMkar3oM kA samucita avalokana kiyA jAve, to patA calatA hai ki bhArata ke ausata 80 pratizata gA~voM kI AbAdI Aja bhI 500 se 1000 ke bIca AtI hai| isa AdhAra para bhArata ke kucha nagara nimna AvAsa sImA meM AyeMge ( gA~va kI abAdI 1000) / eka lAkha kI AbAdI vAle nagaroM meM bhI sAdhu 2-3 varSa taka eka-sAtha nagara ausata janasaMkhyA grAma-samakakSatA AvAsa-sImA dillI 60 lAkha 17 varSa indaura 20 lAkha 2000 kalakattA 90 lAkha 27 varSa bambaI 80 lAkha 8000 20 varSa madrAsa 20 lAkha 2000 6 varSa AvAsa kara sakatA hai| yaha parikalana atiraMjita lagatA hai para Aja sambhava nahIM ki dillI jaise nagara ko pAMca dina ke dharma lAma kI sImA meM bAMdha diyA jAve / vartamAna saMghanAyakoM ko isa viSaya meM naI dizA kA nirdeza denA caahiye| 6 varSa kSetroM yA gAMvoM ke AvAsakAla meM nitya kriyAoM ke liye vizeSa jaTilatA nahIM AtI, para nagaroM meM eka samasyA bana gaI hai| digambara sAdhuoM meM isa prazna para carcA kama hai para zvetAbara saMprAdAya meM abhI bhI yaha pramna jvalata banA huA hai ki phlaza sisTama kA upayoga kiyA jAya yA nahIM? abhI pUnA meM hue sammelana meM isa viSaya meM sva-viveka ke upayoga se nidoSa sthiti kA anusaraNa kA gvAharavAM prastAva pAsa kiyA gayA hai| isameM sva-vibeka zabda saMghanAyakoM kI aspaSTa dizA kA sUcaka hai| phlaza laMTarIna ke upayoga kI parokSa svIkRti svaviveka meM hai, para pratyakSa svIkRti dene meM hAni kyA hai ? nagarIya AvAsoM meM sAdhu ke lie isa suvidhA ko sArvajanika svIkRti honI cAhiye / isase aneka sAdhu-AvAsoM kI jo azucitA samAcAra patroM kA viSaya bana rahI hai, vaha dUra ho jAvego / jIvanarakSI kAryoM meM hiMsAahiMsA kA prazna bhI mahatvapUrNa nahIM mAnA jAnA caahiye| sAdhu kA AhAra jana paraMparA meM sAdhu do prakAra se AhAra grahaNa karatA hai| (i) pANipAtra ( ii ) a-pANipAtra yA mikSApAtra / eka paraMparA meM sAdhu ghara-ghara bhikSA grahaNa kara apane AvAsa meM AhAra grahaNa karatA hai| anya paramparA meM vizeSa prakriyA ke pUrNa hone para eka hI ghara meM AhAra-grahaNa karatA hai / yadyapi sAdhu ko anuddiSTa mojI honA cAhiye, para yaha zabda Adarza hI hai, vyavahAra nhiiN| jina zrAvakoM ke mana meM sAdhu ke AhAra- dAna kI ruci hotI hai, vaha pahale se usI ke anurUpa tayArI karatA hai| ataH vartamAna sAdhu pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se uddiSTa bhojI hI rahatA

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2] jaina sAdhu aura bIsavIM sadI 77 hai| hAM, mikSA-pAtrI paramparA meM yaha doSa kucha kama hai kyoMki na jAne sAdhu kaba kisa zrAvaka ke ghara bhikSAhetu pahu~ca jAve / yaha jAnate hue bhI isa Adarza ke bane rahane meM koI vizeSa Apatti nahIM hai| sAdhu ke AhAra ke liye aneka doSa aura antarAyoM ke nirAkaraNa kA vidhAna hai| ve saba uddiSTa bhojana kI prakriyA ke prarUpa hai| isa virodhAbhAsa ko dUra karane kA yatna honA caahiye| sAdha ke liye mUlAcAra" aura AcArAMga meM eka svara se kacce phala, zAka, kandamUla Adi khAne kA niSedha karate hue pake yA agnipakva tathA a-cittIkRta khAdyoM ke AhAra kA ullekha hai / para samaya ke parivartana evaM aneka naye khAdya aura unase saMbaMdhita jJAna ke kAraNa uparokta Agamika saMketoM meM kAphI saMkoca huA hai| inapara zrI amara muni'2 anila kumAra jaina, muni naMdighoSa vijaya, lalavAnI tathA anya vidvAn lekhakoM ne carcA kI hai| vaijJAnika matAnusAra bekTIriyA-janita sabhI padArtha abhakSya hone cAhiye-dahI, taka, sirakA, jalebI Adi sabhI.amakSya haiM / para aThapaharA ghI, amuka samaya-somA kA dahI Adi kI bhakSyatA kA kucha loga samarthana karate haiN| jaba aura kucha nahIM banatA, to svAsthya vijJAna kI bhI carcA karate haiM / calitarasa ke sAtha kandamUla kA prazna bhI ananta kAyika jIva-dhAraNA ke AdhAra para AyA hai| aneka vidvAn kandamUla kI amakSyatA svIkAra nahIM karate, hamAre lehya aura svAdya ghaTaka kA adhikAMza kandamUla hI hai / bahubIjaka kI paribhASA svaicchika hai| AhAra kA prazna jIvana aura usake cAritra yA pravRtti se saMbaMdhita hai| madhyayugIna chadmasthoM ne apane ajJAna ko hamAre viveka para hAvI kara diyaa| isa viSaya ko vaijJAnika AdhAra dekara spaSTa saMketa Aja kI AvazyakatA hai| sAdhu-saMsthA ke aneka AlocakoM ne isa viSaya meM mauna rakhA hai, kyoMki isa pratyakSa viSaya meM naI paramparA ko pratiSThA anivArya bana gaI hai| isake bAvajUda bhI, isa tathya se koI inkAra na karegA ki sAdhu kA AhAra sAtvika evaM jIvanapoSI honA cAhiye / sAdhu ke anya kartavya AvAsa evaM AhAra kI mUlabhUta evaM jIvanadhAraka kriyAoM ke atirikta sAdhu kA pramukha kartavya svAdhyAya dvArA jJAna-pravAha ko anavarata banAye rakhanA tathA dhyAna ke vividha rUpoM dvArA antaHzakti kA carama vikAsa karanA hai / sAdhu kA adhikAMza jAgRta samaya inhIM yA inase sambandhita kriyAoM meM bItatA hai| sAdhu kyA, svAdhyAya to sabhI ke liye Avazyaka hai| isase prAcIna jJAna kA pravAha calatA hai, prajJA jAgatI hai, antaHkSamatA bar3hatI hai| mahAvIra ke yuga meM svAdhyAya Atmadarzana kA nAma thA, vyaktigata adhyayana kI prakriyA thI, saMgha ke jAgarita rahane kA prakrama thaa| isa yuga meM guru-ziSya paraMparA se hI svAdhyAya ke mAdhyama se smaraNazakti kI tIkSNatA evaM dvAdazAMgI kI aviratatA saMbhava thii| bAraha aMga aura caudaha pUrvo kA jJAna smRtidhArA se pravAhita hotA thA / AcArya kA mahatva AcAravattA se to thA hI, jina vANI ke mahArNava ke rUpa meM bhI thaa| usa samaya likhita zAstra nahIM the, grantha nahIM the / AcAryoM aura sAdhuoM kA uttama saMhanana, vidyA, bala aura buddhi hI sAre AgamoM ke srota the / __ samaya badalA, manuSyoM ke saMhanana, bala aura buddhi meM kamI aayii| zAstra lipibaddha kiye gaye / kisI ne kama kiye, kisI ne jyAdA, kisI ne apanI smaraNazakti para hI bharosA rakhA, para acAnaka hI vismRti hotI rhii| aba svAdhyAya smRti yA paraMparA para kama, zAstroM para adhika AdhArita ho gyaa| zAstra svAdhyAya ke abhinna aMga bana gaye / isaliye svAdhyAya se zAstra yA Agama ke samAna prAmANika granthoM ke adhyayana kA artha svayameva svIkRta ho gyaa| dhyAna ke prabhAva se smRti tIbratA kA guNa apekSita thA, para vaha bhI nahIM rhaa| phalataH svAdhyAya ke liye zAstra Avazyaka ho gye| saMgha ke sAtha zAstra-parigraha judd'aa| yadi zAstrIya carcA ke sandarbha meM kahA jAve, to dvAdazAMgI ke padoM kA pramANa eka araba teisa karor3a se adhika hotA hai| isa AdhAra para Aja ke 300 akSara prati peja ke hisAba se lagabhaga

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78 paM0 jaumohanalAla zAstrI sAdhUvAda grantha [khaNDa 500 peja kI tIna sau pustakoM ke samakakSa akelI dvAdazAMgI baiThatI hai| Aja upalabdha ekAdazAMgI to isakA mAtra 3.3% hI baiThatI hai| itanA zAstra parigraha saMgha meM rahe, to Apattijanaka nahIM mAnA jAnA caahiye| hA~, jahA~ saMgha laMbe samaya taka ke liye rukane vAlA ho, vahAM usake svAdhyAya ke liye acchA pustakAlaya avazya honA cAhiye / svAdhyAya kA eka lakSya jahA~ apanI prajJA ko vikasita karanA hai, vahIM ziSyoM aura zrAvakoM ko bhI prajJAvAna banAnA hai| unakI prajJA kA saMvardhana janabhASA se hI ho sakatA hai| mahAvIra ne apane yuga meM bhI aisA hI kiyA thaa| isaliye zAstroM ke svAdhyAya kI pravRtti ko pallavita karane ke liye sAdhuoM ko svayaM evaM vidvAnoM ke sahayoga se jana mASAntaraNa evaM jJAna ke naye kSitijoM ke samAharaNa kA kArya bhI karanA Avazyaka ho gayA hai| prAcIna yuga meM yA madhyakAla meM isa kArya kA mahatva utanA na bhI AMkA gayA ho, para Aja yaha anivArya hai| isa kArya hetu samucita suvidhAoM kA suyoga sAdhutva ko baDhAne meM hI sahAyaka hogaa| zAstra evaM suvidhA kA yaha parigraha paraMparAvAdiyoM ke liye parezAna karatA hai, para samayajJoM ke liye yaha anivArya-sA pratIta hotA hai| kyA hama nahIM cAhate ki hamArA saMghanAyaka parA aura aparA vidyAoM meM niSNAta na ho ? kyA hama nahIM cAhate ki hamArA sAdhu vidyAnuvAda, prANAvAya, ( Ayurveda, mantra-tantra vidyAdi ), lokavindusAra ( gaNita vidyA ), kriyAvizAla ( kAvya evaM AjIvikA ke yogya kalAyeM ), prathamAnuyoga, Atma evaM karmapravAda Adi kA samyag jJAtA ho ? zAstroM kA Adeza hai ki ina vidyAoM kA upayoga svayaM ke AhAra pAne yA AjIvikA ke liye na kiyA jAve, para lokopakAra ke liye aisA karanA kahAM vajita hai ? madhyakAla kI jaTila paristhitiyoM ko dekhate hae jaina AcAryoM ne aneka laukika vidhiyoM kA apane AcAra-vicAra meM samAharaNa kiyaa| isI se ve mahAvIra tIrtha kI rakSA kara ske| mAnatuMga, samantabhadra yA akalaMka ko dharmaprabhAvanA heta hI apanI vidyAyeM pradarzita karanI pdd'ii| yaha sacamuca hI kheda kI bAta hogI yadi bIsavIM sadI ke AcArya apanI ina svAdhyAya-prApta vidyAoM evaM antaHzakti kA upayoga pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se svayaM ke bhautika hita meM kreN| aise saMsakta sAdhanoM se sAdha-saMsthA garimAhIna ho jaavegii| satcAritrI zrAvaka hI sAdhu-saMsthA ko aise doSoM se ubAra sakatA hai| ina doSoM se sAdhu ayathArtha hotA hai, apratiSThita ho sakatA hai| prAcIna jaina zAstroM ke svAdhyAya se jJAta hotA hai ki jaina padmAvatI, kSetrapAla Adi zAsana-devatAoM ko AzAdhara taka ke yuga meM, pUjanIya nahIM mAnate the| isI prakAra, maTTAraka pada bhI, jo prAraMbha meM dharmasaMrakSaNa hetu astitva meM AyA, terahavIM sadI meM sammAnita nahIM mAnA gayA, Aja AcArya pAlita ho rahA hai| kucha bhaTTArakoM ke darzana bhI sAmAnya avasthA meM durlabha hai| ina donoM paraMparAoM kI mAnyatA Aja puna vardhamAna hai| saiddhAntikataH yaha sahI nahIM hai. para isa viSaya meM matabheda bhI itane haiM ki hamAre saMghanAyaka bhI isa viSaya meM mauna hai| yadi svAdhyAya hameM mula siddhAntoM kI rakSA kA bala nahIM detA, to ise acaraja hI mAnA jAnA cAhiye / sAdhu aura bIsavIM sadI ___ bosavoM sadI kA uttarArdha jana sAdhuoM kI pratiSThA ke liye kaThora parIkSA kA samaya pramANita ho rahA hai / hamane pichale kucha prakaraNoM meM bIsavIM sadI ke aneka samasyAtmaka prakaraNoM se sAdhu-saMsthA ke prabhAvita hone kI carcA kI hai| ina prakaraNoM kA sAmayika nirdezaka samAdhAna prabuddha varga kI dRSTi meM sAdhuoM ke prati sammAna laayegaa| lekina kucha aise bhI prakaraNa bhI haiM jinheM niyaMtrita karanA atyanta Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| inakI ora aneka vidvAnoM evaM patrakAroM ne dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai| hamArI AzA hai ki hamArA saMghanAyaka varga ina samasyAoM kA sahI samAdhAna kara sAdha-saMsthA ke prati vardhamAna anAsthA ko dUra karane meM sahAyaka hogaa|

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jaina sAdhu aura bIsavIM sadI 79 vibhinna srotoM se bIsavIM sadI kI sAdhu saMsthA meM nimna samasyAyeM sAmane AI haiM : (i)sAdhuoM kI tathA AcAryoM ko saMkhyA dinoM dina bar3ha rahI hai| yaha acchI bAta thI, yadi inakI sAdhutA, prajJA evaM AcAravattA Adarza hotii| para dekhA gayA hai ki inake binA bhI Aja sAdhutva evaM AcAryatva mila rahA hai| anuzAsana evaM mUlabhUta tatvoM kI upekSA ho rahI hai| IrSyA evaM pratibhAvatA naye-naye saMghoM ko janma de rahe haiN| sAdhanA evaM Atma-vikAsa ke patha meM rAjanotika siddhAntoM kA pallavana ho rahA hai / bAla-dIkSAyeM dI jA rahI hai| isa sthiti para pUrNataH aMkuza laganA cAhiye / praur3ha athavA buddhi-anubhava paripakcatA dIkSA kI anivArya zarta honA cAhiye / Agamika aura Adhunika adhyayana evaM AcAra kA gahana abhyAsa bhI Avazyaka mAnA jAnA caahiye| ( ii) sAdhu evaM AcArya nita naI saMsthAyeM banAte jA rahe haiN| isakA uddezya dharma aura naitikatA kA sAhityika evaM sAMskRtika dharAtala se prasAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| ina saMsthAoM ke kriyAkalApa, kucha apavAdoM ko chor3akara, uddezyoM ke pUraka siddha nahIM hote| ye svAvalambI banane ke pUrva hI simaTane lagatI haiM aura TimaTimAne ke sivA inakA prakAza vikirita nahIM ho pAtA / digambara samAja meM aneka saMsthAyeM prAramma huI para unameM koI jIvanta hai, aisA nahIM lgtaa| hA~, vidvAnoM ke dvArA sthApita kucha saMsthAyeM avazya kamIkabhI apanI camaka dikhAtI haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM sAdhu-jana sthApita aneka saMsthAyeM jovanta kAma kara rahI haiN| ye digambaroM ke liye preraka bana sakatI haiN| yaha sAmAnya siddhAnta honA cAhiye ki kevala svAvalambana para AdhArita saMsthAyeM hI kholI jAveM aura unameM kama-se-kama eka yogya evaM jIvanadAnI ke samAna pUrNakAlika vidvAn yA vyavasthApaka avazya rakhA jAve / Aja kriyAzIla saMsthAoM kI AvazyakatA hai| yaha aura bho acchA hai ki vidyamAna saMsthAoM koM hI sakriya jIvanadAna diyA jAve / (iii) sAdhu evaM AcAryoM ke adhyayana-adhyApana ke liye, lekhana tathA prakAzana kAryoM ke liye vetanabhogI karmacArI rakhe jAte haiN| bIsavIM sadI meM ise Apatti yA samasyA nahIM mAnanA cAhiye aura na ise parigraha yA saMsakti kA rUpa mAnanA cAhiye / svAdhyAya evaM jJAna-prasAra sAdhu kA anivArya kartavya hai| sAdhu na kebala Atmadharmo hI hotA hai, vaha saMdha-dharmI evaM samAjadharmI bhI hotA hai| naitika vikAsa ko udAtta dhArAoM kA prakAzana aura prasAraNa, etadartha, mahattvapUrNa hotA hai| (iv) sAdhu evaM saMghanAyaka sAmayika sAmAjika evaM dhArmika samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kI dizA meM upekSAmAva rakhate haiN| udAharaNArtha, vartamAna jaTila paristhitiyoM meM tathA dharma pracAra hetu padayAtrA ke sAtha-sAtha zIghragAmI vAhanoM kA upayoga eka jvalanta prazna hai| kucha jaina sAdhuoM ne isa dizA meM netRtva diyA hai para sAdhu-saMgha kA bahumAga isa prazna para mauna hai| kahIM sAdhu aura zrAvakoM ke madhyavartI eka nayI sAdhaka zreNI kA gaThana ho rahA hai jo yAnoM kA upayoga kara sakatI hai| isa viSaya meM kucha cheda-mArga nirdiSTa hone caahiye| jaina zAstroM evaM granthoM ke bhautika jagat sambandhI aneka kathana vaijJAnika jJAna ke pariprekSya meM asaMgata pratIta hone lage haiN| unheM susaMgata banAnA bhI eka mahattvapUrNa kArya dizA hai| vastutaH amara muni'4 ne to yaha sujhAva hI diyA hai ki dhArmika mAnaka granthoM meM Atma-vikAsa kI prakriyA ke atirikta anya carcAoM ko sthAna nahIM hai| ataeva ina granthoM ke saMzodhana kI AvazyakatA hai| jina tattvoM meM visaMvAda kI saMbhAvanA bhI ho, ve Atma zAstra ke aMga nahIM mAne jA sakate / isa mata para sAdhu-saMghoM ko gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karanA caahiye| ..

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paM0 jagamohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa (v) aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bIsavIM sadI kA sAdhu varga mahAvIra yuga ke AdarzavAda aura bIsavIM sadI ke vaijJAnika udAravAda ke madhya bauddhika dRSTi se Andolita hai / vaha anekAnta kA upayoga kara donoM pakSoM ke guNa-doSoM para vicAra kara tathA aitihAsika mUlyAMkana se kucha nirNaya nahIM letA dikhtaa| maghu sena' ne madhyakAla kI jaTila sthitiyoM meM nizItha cUrNikAroM ke dvArA mUla siddhAntoM kI rakSA karate hue jo sAmayika saMzodhana evaM samAharaNa kiye haiM, inakA vivaraNa diyA hai| ise eka hajAra varSa se adhika ho cuke haiN| samaya ke nikaSa para jaina sAdhu ke vyavahAroM va AcAroM ko kasane kA avasara punaH upasthita hai / sAdhuvarga se mArga nirdezana kI tIvra apekSA hai / 80 nirdeza 1. madhu, sena, e kalcarala sTaDI Ava nizItha cUNi, pAkhaM0 vidyAzrama, kAzI, 1975, teja 277 - 290 / 2. muni, Adarza RSi, babalate hue yuga meM sAdhu samAja, amara bhAratI, 24, 6, 1987 peja 32 | 3. sAdhvI, caMdanAzrI ( anu0 ); uttarAdhyayana, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1972, peja 145 / 4. vahI, peja 467 / 5. AcArya vaTTakera; mulAcAra -1, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1984, peja 5 / 6. AcArya kuMdakuMda; aSTa pAhuDa cAritra prAbhUta, mahAvIra jaina saMsthAna, mahAvIra jI, 1967 peja 77 : 7. AcAryaM vidyAnaMda tIrthaMkara, 17,3-4, 1987 peja 19 / 8. saumaNyamala jaina; amara bhAratI, 24, 6, 1987 peja 72 / 9. dekhiye nirdeza, 7 peja 6 / 10. upAdhyAya, amara muni; amara bhAratI, 24, 9, 1987 peja 8 / 11. AcArya vaTTakera; mUlAcAra - 2, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1986 peja 68 / 12. upAdhyAya amara muni; 'paNNA samikkhae dhammaM -2', vIrAyatana, rAjagira, 1987 peja 100 // 13. paMDita AzAdhara; anagAra dharmAmRta, mA0 jJAnapITha, dillI, 1977, bhU0 peja 36 / 14. dekhiye nirdeza 12 peja 16 / siddha puruSa purAtatvajJa ke samAna hotA hai jo yugoM-yugoM se dhUli -dhUsarita purAne dharma-kUpa kI - dhUli ko dUra kara letA hai| isake viparyAsa meM, avatAra, ahaMta yA tIrthakara eka iMjIniyara ke samAna hotA hai jo jahA~ pahale dharmakUpa nahIM thA, vahA~ nayA kUpa khodatA hai / saMtapuruSa unheM hI muktipatha pradarzita karate haiM, jinameM karuNA pracchanna hotI hai para arhata unheM bhI muktipatha pradarzita karate haiM jinakA hRdaya registAna ke samAna sUkhA evaM snehavihIna hotA hai / - robarTa krosbI

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videzoM meM jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra DaoN0 DI0 ke0 jaina bhiMDa (ma.pra.) rAjanItijJoM ne sadaiva anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para samudAya vizeSa ke mahattva aura adhikAroM para vicAra kiyA hai, para anya kSetrajJa isa AdhAra ko mAnyatA nahIM dete| unake liye samudAya vizeSa ke mahatva kA AdhAra yaha hai ki usake AcAra-vicAroM ne mAnava jAti ke itihAsa, saMskRti tathA sabhyatA ko kisa rUpa meM tathA kitanA prabhAvita kiyA hai| isa dRSTi se usakI kSamatA kitanI hai ? yahI kAraNa hai ki bhArata kI janasaMkhyA meM 0.6 pratizata kI alpasaMkhyA hote hue bhI jaina samudAya ne bhAratIya darzana, vijJAna, kalA, purAtatva, sAhitya evaM rAjanItika kSetra meM vividha yugoM meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna kiyA hai| yahI nahIM, usake ahiMsA siddhAnta ko bhArata tathA vizva ke aneka dezoM ne satyAgraha ke rUpa meM prayoga kara svAtantrya ajita kiyA aura usakI vyApakatA bddh'aaii| deza-videzoM meM jaina vidyAoM ke mahatva kA mAna jainoM ke mAdhyama se nahIM, mukhyataH janetara pAzcAtyoM ke mAdhyama se hI huA hai| jaina to apane jJAstroM ko bhaMDAroM meM rakhakara unake darzana kara hI puNya lAbha lene ke AdI bane rahe / yaha to kucha udAra vyaktiyoM kI utsAhapUrNa preraNA, kucha adhyayanazIla sAdhuvarga, tathA zodhaka vidvAnoM ke prayatnoM se yaha sAMskRtika dharohara yatra-tatra vikirita ho skii| isa vikiraNa ko srotasvinI ke rUpa meM prabhAsita karane meM dezavideza ke aneka mahAnubhAvoM ne hAtha baTAyA hai| anya tatvoM ke alAvA, isa sAhityika sAmagrI ne jainadharma kI pramAvanA meM cAra cA~da lagAye haiN| Aja yaha dhAraNA balavatI ho rahI hai ki isa vidyA kA jitanA prasAra kiyA jAve, utanA hI prabhAvaka hogaa| jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra : eka siMhAvalokana jainadharma Atmadharma hai aura vyaktiniSTha hai| ataH saiddhAntika rUpa se isake pracAra-prasAra kA koI mahatva nahIM hai| eka dravya dUsare dravya ko kaise prabhAvita kara sakatA hai ? phira bhI, jaina itihAsa ke avalokana se lagatA hai ki vibhinna sAmAjika evaM rASTrIya parivezoM meM jainoM ne prabhAvanA yA pracAra-prasAra kI vyAvahArika mahatA svIkAra kii| jaina granthoM meM isa hetu prayukta aneka vidhAya vaNita haiN| isa hetu jaina samAja meM aneka prakAra ke dhArmika utsavoM ko sArvajanika rUpa meM manAne kI paramparA rahI hai| paryuSaNa, aSTAhnikA, abhiSeka evaM ratha yAtrAoM ke utsaca samrATa saMprati ke samaya se cAlU haiN| isake atirikta, vedI pratiSThA, paMcakalyANaka evaM gajaratha mahotsava, vibhinna tIrthakaroM ke janmotsava va anya utsava bhI jor3e gaye haiN| yaha rUpa dharma kI pratiSThA, pracAra evaM prabhAvanA meM sadA sahAyaka rahA hai / samaMtabhadraM ke anusAra yaha ajJAna kA nAza karane vAlA hai| isI prakAra, rAjyA-zraya pAnA bhI dharmapracAra aura usake mahatva kA uttama sAdhana rahA hai| bhArata ke aneka

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82 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa kSetroM meM aneka samayoM meM candragupta, zreNika, khAravela, siddharAja, amodhavarSa Adi rAjAoM ne jainadharma ko prabhAsita karane meM apratima yogadAna kiyA hai| samaMtabhadra, akalaMka aura mAnatuMga-jaise AcAryoM ne camatkArika ghaTanAoM se dharma prabhAvanA bar3hAI hai| kAlakAcArya, vastugala, hemacandra, jina candra sUri, dharmaghoSa Adi ne rAjanIti meM dhArmika tatvoM ko, isI vidhi se, pratiSThita karAkara dharmaprabhAvanA kI hai| madhya yuga meM zAstrArtha bhI dharmaprabhAvaka hote the| lohAcArya ne dharmAntaraNa dvArA kASThAsaMgha sthApita kara savA lAkha jaina bnaaye| saiddhAntika dRSTi se ina kAryoM kA bhale hI samarthana na kiyA jA sake, para ina itihAsa prasiddha vidhAoM ko nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| yahI nahIM, yaha spaSTa hai ki uttaramadhya yuga taka sAdhu evaM AcArya hI ina pravRttiyoM kA netRtva karate the aura unheM hama pUjya bhI mAnate haiN| vartamAna meM loka kalyANa hetu bho rAjyAzraya, camatkAra yA vidyAnuvAda dvArA pramAvanA ko paddhati apanAne vAle sAdhubRndoM para zithilAcAra kA Aropa laga jAtA hai| sAdhuoM ko saMsthAvardhana pravRtti, sAhitya-sarjana pravRtti, sAdhanApatha ko vaijJAnika evaM lokapriya banAne kI pravRtti Adi ko 'yathAjAtarUpadharatA' ke vAvajUda bhI paryApta udvelana sAmane A rahe haiN| nizcita rUpa se, ina pravRttiyoM ke lie zAstrIya AdhAra para kI gaI carcAyeM samAdheya haiN| bIsavIM sadI meM zodha, saMgoSTI, bhASAntaraNa Adi ke mAdhyama se tathA upayogI evaM lokapriya sAhitya ke prakAzana evaM vitaraNa kI vidhA bhI pracAra-prasAra kA sthAyI mAdhyama banatI jA rahI hai| vyApArI-sabase bar3e pracAraka jainadharma ke vikAsa ke yuga meM bhArata ke vyApArI eziyA ke aneka dvIpoM meM vyApAra hetu jAte the / ye apane dharma aura saMskRti ke bhI pracAraka hote the| zAstroM meM inake vyApAra kSetroM ke anrtagata 253 Arya kSetra tathA 55 mleccha kSetroM ke nAma Ate haiM / inameM siMhala, pArasa ( IrAna ) gAMdhAra, lhAsA ( tibbata ), malaya, mAlava, cilAta, tamila, krauMca ( AMdhra) koMkaNa Adi bhArata ke dakSiNa pazcimI bhAga va par3osI deza samAhita haiN| sAmAnyataH ziSTa jana-sammata vyavahAra na karane vAle ko anArya tathA heyopAdeya-jJAna pUrvaka vyavahAra karane vAle ko AyaM kahA gayA hai / isa prakAra 25, kSetroM ke atirikta adhikAMza samAja anArya hI mAnA gayA hai| jAtyAryoM ke nirUpaNa se patA calatA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM antarjAtIya vivAhoM kI mAnyatA rahI hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jina kSetra-vizeSoM meM jaina pAye jAte the, ve Arya mAne gaye / yadyapi kaMda kaMda, pUjyapAda, akalaMka, tridyAnaMda Adi dakSiNI vidvAnoM ne bhI jaina darzana kI pratiSTA meM bar3A yogadAna kiyA hai, para ye AgamakAla meM sujJAta nahIM ho pAye hoNge| usa yuga meM Aja ke pazcimI deza to ajJAta hI the| ye bhI anArya hI mAne jaaveNge| isa prakAra, jaina zAstroM kI dRSTi se vizva kA adhikAMza bhAga anArya manuSyoM se bharA haA hai| kabhI samaya rahA hogA jaba anArya ziSTa-jana-sammata vyavahAra nahIM karate hoNge| para vartamAna sthiti meM bhArata vAso unheM hI ziSTa-jana mAnate haiM, unakI bhASA, ziSTAcAra aura jJAna-vijJAna Adi ko zreSTha mAnakara apane ko hIna bhAvanA se grasita kiye hae haiN| AdhyAtmika dRSTi se yaha vyAvahArika manodazA cintanIya hai| yaha AryaanArya zabdoM ko punaH paribhASita karane kI preraNA detI hai / jainAgamoM meM nidita ( mAMsAhAra ) aura gahita ( vyabhicAra) AcAravAn kA karmaNA hI anArya mAnA hai, janmanA nhiiN| isa AdhAra para Arya-anAryoM meM sadaiva utparivartana hotA rahatA hai| ina kSetroM meM dharma-prasAra yA prabhAvanA ke prayatnoM ke a-vyApArika ullekha virale hI milate haiN| sAmAnyataH yaha pAyA jAtA hai ki pazcimI dharma saMsthAoM kI tulanA meM jaina pracAra-pracAra kI dizA meM bahata durbala pramANita hue haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki mahAvIra ke chaha-sau evaM bAraha sau varSa bAda saMsthApita dharmoM ke anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA unakI tulanA meM sau-gune se bhI adhika ho gaI hai| isakA mUla kAraNa saMbhavataH yaha dhAraNA rahI hai ki jaina dharma mukhyataH AtmaniSTha evaM vyaktiniSTha rahA hai| ataH apane vyaktitva ke vikAsa ke sivA jagat ke anya logoM ko

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2] bidezoM meM jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra 83 samyaktva ke prati AkRSTa karanA seddhAntika dRSTi se to dhArmika nahIM hI mAnA gyaa| ataH, apavAdoM ko chor3akara, isake prasAra pracAra kI ora vizeSa dhyAna nahIM diyA gyaa| isake do pariNAma to spaSTa hI lakSita hae : (i) adhikAMza jaina svayaM apane viSaya meM jAnakArI rakhane evaM prApta karane ke prati upekSAbhAva rakhane lge| saMskArita jIvana ke prati bhI ve paraMparAvAdI bane raha gaye / ( ii ) svayaM ke ajJAna ne jainetaroM meM jainadharma aura saMskRti ke viSaya meM aneka dhAraNAyeM utpanna huii| yaha sthiti Aja bhI sahaja hI dhyAba meM Ane lagatI hai| pracAra-prasAra yuga audyogika krAnti ke bAda vizva ke cAroM konoM meM Arthika, sAhityika, rAjanItika evaM yAtAyAta kI dizAoM meM bar3hA vistAra haA hai| bIsavIM sadI ke AThaveM dazaka meM apane buddhibala se sAdhana juTAne vAlA mAnava svayaM saMsAdhanamAtra bana gayA hai| use aura usake pratyeka vicAra jisameM dharma aura darzana bhI samAhita hai, ko sAmAnya sAmagrI kI bhA~ti prabaMdhana aura vikraya kalA ke vijJAna se niyantrita honA par3a rahA hai| jisa samudAya ne yaha sAmayikatA jitane hI rUpa ora mAtrA meM apanAI, vahI Aja saMkhyA aura mahattva kI dRSTi se vikasita hotA dikha rahA hai| vartamAna yuga pracAra-prasAra kA yuga hI hai / pUrvavartI yugoM meM AtmamitA ke AdhAra para isa ora vizeSa dhyAna nahIM diyA gayA / yadyapi bhadhya yuga taka sAhityika evaM zArIrika saMcaraNa ke sAdhana Aja ke samAna sulabha nahIM the, phira bhI samaya-samaya para pUrvokta vidhAoM kA upayoga kara aneka prabhAbaka AcArya, sAdha, saMta, zrAvaka zreSThiyoM ne isa dharma kI aitihAsika prabhAvanA kii| isase janetaroM meM jainadharma aura saMskRti kI gaharo chApa pdd'ii| ye prabhAvaka kArya ApAtakAlIna yA Akasmika hI rahe haiN| loka kalyANa evaM prabhAvanA inake laya rahe haiN| prabhAvanA ke kArya sthAyI pravRtti ke rUpa meM mAnya nahIM hue / inheM apavAda mArga mAnakara kamI kamI prAyazcita bhI karanA par3atA thaa| naye yuga kA janoM para bhI prabhAva par3A hai| aneka nava-zikSita vyaktiyoM ne anubhava kiyA ki jaina dharma aura saMskRti kI vyApakatA evaM vaijJAnikatA ke kAraNa ise deza-videza meM sArvajanika rUpa se prasArita karanA cAhiye / dUradarzI dRSTi se isa kArya ke tIna rUpa prakaTa hue : (i) sva-deza meM janetaroM meM prasAra ( i ) videzoM meM jainetaroM dvArA pracAra (iii ) bhAratetara kSetroM meM jaina aura jainetaroM meM pracAra-prasAra isa sadI ke prArambha se hI ina tInoM dizAoM meM aneka utsAhI bandhuoM ne kArya prArambha kiyaa| hama yahA~ kevala (ii) va (iii) para carcA kreNge| unnIsavIM sadI ke prArambha se hI karnala maikenjI, DaoN. bukenana, pro0 kolabuka, vIbara, jekobI, pizala, zUbiMga, jimera, AlsaDorpha, vAzama, glejanApa tathA anya vidvAnoM ne pazcima meM jaina bidyAoM ke mahattva ko samajhane meM bar3A zrama kiyA hai| unake zrama se hI hama svayaM ko aneka rUpoM meM samajhane meM saphala ho sake haiM / ina pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne bhArata vidyA, jaina vidyA, prAkRta tathA apabhraMza bhASAoM ko aneka vizvavidyAlayoM ke pAThyakrama meM samAhita kraayaa| inhIM ke prayatnoM kA phala hai ki Aja mAratetara vizva ke lagabhaga zatAdhika jJAna kendroM para jainavidyAyeM vizeSa rUpa se par3hAI jA rahI haiN| vidvat-jagata meM dharma aura saMskRti ke pracAra kA sthAyI mahattva hotA hai kyoMki vidvAna 'dIpa se dIpa jale' ke vardhamAna saMskRti-pravAha kA pratIka hotA hai|

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paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ke atirikta isa sadI ke prArambha meM zrI jugamandiralAla jI ne jainadharma kA samucita adhyayana kara videzoM kI hamArA mUla sAhitya videziyoM kI bhASA meM na hogA, hama unake liye kareMge, hamAre dharma kI prasAra prabhAvanA nahIM ho sakatI / lokapriya vyAkhyAna to ruci mAtra utpanna karate haiM / etadartha unhoMne aMgrejI meM aneka pustakeM ( kI bAva noleja Adi ) likhoM, aneka granthoM ke anuvAda prakAzita karAye, aMgrejI meM 'jaina gajaTa' jaisI patrikAyeM prakAzita kIM / landana meM riSabha jaina lAibrerI' sthApita kI, bhArata meM bhI isI hetu 'jaina ekeDemI Ava vijaDama aura kalcara' kI sthApanA kii| isa uddezya kI pUrti hetu unhoMne TrasToM kA bhI nirmANa karAyA / zrI caMpatarAya jI ke jIvanakAla meM utsAhI nava-zikSita adhikAriyoM kA eka dala hI vikasita huA jisake sadasyoMje0 ela jainI, bAbU kAmatA prasAda jI, bra0 zItala prasAda jo aura ajita prasAda jaina bAdi ne suvicArita rUpa se isa pracAra yojanA ko claayaa| samucita sAhitya nirmita kiyA, laghu pustikAyeM prakAzita ko aura vizva ke aneka bhAgoM meM inakA vitaraNa kiyA / "vizva jaina mizana" nAmaka saMsthA ke mAdhyama se bAbU kAmatA prasAda jI ne isa frer meM durdhara kArya kiyaa| unhoMne 'vAyasa Aba ahiMsA' patrikA dvArA vizva meM jaina saMskRti ko udghoSita kiyA / bra0 zItala prasAda jI bhI isI hetu kucha eziyAI dezoM meM gaye the / 84 [ khaNDa khyAtanAma vakIla kI campatarAya jI tathA yAtrA kii| unhoMne anubhava kiyA ki jaba taka lokapriya sAhitya kA nirmANa evaM vitaraNa na caMpatarAma - yuga ke mUrdhanya bAbU jI ne 1924 - 64 ke voca lagabhaga 101 pustakeM likhIM evaM anudita kIM / inhoMne jarmanI, phrAMsa, briTena, AsTreliyA, kanADA Adi ke aneka vidvAnoM ko jaina vidyAoM ke adhyayana hetu prerita kiyA / unhoMne riSabha jaina lAibrerI, laMdana tathA baDagoMDesavarga, (jarmanI) ke rAjakIya pustakAlaya meM amUlya jaina sAhitya kI pUrti kI aura unheM jIvanadAna dene kA prayatna kiyaa| unheM apane antima samaya taka isa bAta kA dukha rahA ki digaMbara samudAya isa dizA meM na to ruci hI le rahA hai aura na ho isa kSetra meM kArya karane vAloM ko samucita sahayoga hI kara rahA hai / isakA anubhava mere eka saMbaMdhI ko bhI huA / sva0 bAbU jI ne 1961 meM unheM unakI videza adhyayana yAtrA ke daurAna ukta donoM kendroM ko punarjIvita karane hetu upAya sujhAne ke liye saMketa diye the / unhoMne ina donoM kendroM ko dekhA / landana kI riSabha jaina lAibrerI isaliye banda par3I thI ki usake kAryakartA ke liye vetana kI vyavasthA nahIM thI / usakA eka TrasTa thA, para usameM itanI alpa rAzi yo ki usase kucha hI samaya meM saMsthA banda ho gaI / usakI bakAyA rAzi kA bhugatAna unhoMne hI zrI ke0 pI0 jaina, dillI ko karavAyA A0 bAbU jI ne aneka logoM se isa pustakAlaya ko calAne hetu Arthika sahayoga ( usa samaya lagabhaga 200 ru0 mAha arthAt prAyaH 25,000 ru0 kA dhrauvyaphaMDa ) ke liye kahA para / isI prakAra baDagoDesabarga ke rAjakoya pustakAlaya meM jaina sAhitya ke koI 500 grantha the, para AlamArI eka hI thI / vahA~ ke pustakAlayAdhyakSa ne unase kahA ki Apa hameM isa sAhitya hetu 1-2 AlamAriyA aura dilA deM, ApakI samAja to dhanika hai| isa viSaya meM bhI bAbU jI ke prayatna saphala nahIM hue| bAbU jI ne apanA tana-mana-dhana nyauchAvara kara yaha kAma prArambha kiyA thA, para antima dinoM meM samAja ko upekSA evaM asahayoga se ve bar3e nirAza rahe / unakI mRtyu ke bAda unake kArya ko DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina, DA0 mahendra pracaNDiyA aura zrI tArAcaMdra vakhzI jI calA rahe haiM, para svapna dRSTA kA svapna abhI bhI anAkAra hai -- AtmadharmI digambaroM ko saMbhavataH yaha bAta pasanda na AI ho ki samundara pAra ke tathAkathita anArya unakI saMskRti ko jAneM- samajheM / isa yuga meM videzoM meM dharmapracAra ke kArya kA bIr3A uccazikSita jaina vyavasAyI va adhikArI varga ne uThAyA thA / isameM digaMbara samudAya pramukha rahA / para jisa utsAha se yaha kArya zurU huA thA, vaha anavarata na raha sakA / 60-70 ke dazaka meM 'jaina mizana' ke kArya ko chor3akara anya koI ullekhanIya pravRtti isa dizA meM najara nahIM aaii| hA~, kucha

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2 ] videzoM meM jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra 85 adhyayanarata vyaktiyoM ne avazya apane bhASaNoM evaM saMparkoM dvArA amarIkA, briTena evaM jarmanI meM jaina vidyAoM ko Age bddh'aayaa| inameM zrI cetana jaina, lIDsa ( briTena ), DaoN0 bI0 rAyanADe ( jarmanI ) aura zrI ena0 ela0 jaina ( briTena, jarmanI aura amarIkA ) ke yogadAna mukhya hai| zrI jaina ne to antarrASTrIya pazu krUratA virodhI sammelana meM jaMna mizana kA pratinidhitva bhI kiyaa| bAbU kAmatA prasAdajI kI yojanA thI ki jaina vidvAnoM kA eka maNDala vizva ke vibhinna dezoM meM samaya-samaya para pracAra yAtrAyeM kre| amarIkA se sambandhita eka yojanA una dinoM banAI bhI gaI thii| para jaina samAja ne ise protsAhita nahIM kiyaa| hA~, vegana sosAiTI ke jaya dinazA avazya isameM ruci lete rhe| isa dazaka meM jaina senTara Ava amarIkA nAmaka eka saMsthA bhI nyUyArka meM sthApita kI gaI jo aba 'jaina asosiyezana Ava inDiyansa Ava nArtha amerikA' nAmaka kendrIya saMsthA kA aMga hai / aba amerikA aura kanADA meM tIna darjana se bhI adhika jaina saMgha kAma kara rahe haiM inameM se adhikAMza kA uddezya apane kSetra meM jaina-saMskRti kA saMrakSaNa evaM parivardhana hai| DaoN0 pI0 esa0 jainI, DaoN0 DI0 sI0 jaina tathA anya amerikA meM adhyApanarata vidvAnoM ne bhI isa pravRtti meM hAtha baMTAyA / sAdhu-maNa-samaNI yuga dharma pracAra kI dizA bha0 mahAvIra ke paccIsasoMveM nirvANa mahotsava kI yojanA ne sattara ke dazaka meM videzoM meM meM eka nayA utsAha utpanna kiyaa| isa bAra digaMbara samudAya kAphI pIche rahA, vaha pUre varSa meM yojanA ke bAvajUda bhI kisI bhI vidvAn ko videzoM meM bhejane ke liye na svayaM ko samartha kara sakA aura na kisI ko sahayoga hI de sakA / aisA pratIta huA ki jina saMsthAoM, vyaktiyoM evaM vidvAnoM ko sAmAjika netRtva prApta rahA hai, unheM svayaM to bhASA ( ataeva abhivyakti ) saMbandhI kaThinAI thI aura nayI pIr3hI para unakA vizvAsa nahIM thaa| sAtha hI yaha kArya vyayasAdhya to thA hI, isakA kahIM patthara para sthAyI abhilekhana bhI nahIM honA thA, ataH isa ora digambara samAja kA netRtva upekSA rakhe, yaha apratyAzit nahIM thA / para inhIM dinoM bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke zrI ela0 sI0 jaina evaM pro0 e0 ena0 upAdhyeko yAtrAyeM avazya huIM, DaoN0 lokhaNDe ne apanI Arthika asamarthatA ke bAvajUda para digambara saMsthAoM ne unheM isa ora utsAha dikhAyA aura anyoM ke sahayoga se ve bhASaNa dene amarIkA gaye the, anta-anta taka asamaMjasa meM rkhaa| DaoN0 vimala prakAza bhI aneka vAra dharma - itihAsa ke antarrASTrIya saMgha ke samAna kucha jainetara saMsthAoM ke sahayoga se tathA kucha svayaM ke prayatnoM se aneka dezoM ( isarAila, svIDana, iMgalaiMDa, kanADA, AsTreliyA, amarIkA ) meM gaye / unhoMne prabhAvanA kA stutya kArya kiyaa| DaoN0 rAjakRSNa jaina cairiTebila TrasTa se videzoM meM kucha sAhitya avazya bhejA gyaa| isakA pUrNa vivaraNa to prApta nahIM hai, para yaha kArya prazaMsanIya hai / digambaroM ke viparyAsa meM, isa mahotsava kA upayoga zvetAmbara samudAya ne aneka rUpa meM kiyaa| unhoMne Agama granthoM ke AlocanAtmaka adhyayana evaM anuvAda prakAzita kiye aura videzoM meM unheM vitarita kraayaa| sAdhu citrabhAnu jI sAdhu AcAra kA atikramaNa kara loka-kalyANArtha amarIkA evaM kanADA gaye / vahA~ 1974 meM unhoMne 'jaina meDITezana inTaranezanala senTara' kI sthApanA kii| ve Aja bhI aneka dezoM kI yAtrAyeM kara rahe haiM aura jaina saMskRti ko yoga ke mAdhyama se prasArita kara rahe haiM / isI samaya muni zrI suzIla kI pragatizIla evaM sAmayika vicAradhArA sAmane AI / ve bhI amarIkA gaye aura unhoMne 1977 meM 'inTara nezanala mahAvIra mizana' kI sthApanA kii| ve 'NamokAra mantra' ke mAdhyama se jaina siddhAntoM kA pracAra-prasAra kara rahe haiN| ve jaina yoga kA bhI abhyAsa karAte haiN| unakA amarIkA tathA anya dezoM meM acchA prabhAva par3A hai| abhI unhoMne sabhI jaina samudAyoM ke pratIka 'siddhAcalaM' nAmaka jaina mandira kI sthApanA karAI hai aura 'antarrASTrIya jaina kAnpharensa' ko yojanA bhI cAlU kI hai| isameM unake aneka videzI ziSya bhI bhAga lete haiM / yaha kAnphrensa do bAra (1985, 1987 ) dillI meM huI hai| zrI suzIla muni ke kAraNa amarIkA meM base jainoM meM bhI jAgRti AI

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86 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa hai| isa prakAra, isa dazaka meM jaina sAdhu bhI dharma prasAra aura lokakalyANa kI bhAvanA se mAratetara dezoM meM gaye / prArambha meM, paramparAvAdiyoM kI ora se kucha ApattiyAM bhI AI para unhone apanA vyApaka uddezya banAkara kArya kiyA / Aja ve Adara ke sAtha cacita hote haiN| saMgoSThI aura sammelana yuga videzoM meM dharma-prasAra ke liye isa sadI kA AThavAM dazaka sammelana aura saMgoSThI kA dazaka mAnA jA sakatA hai| inakA Ayojana aneka saMsthAyeM evaM vizva-vidyAlaya karate haiN| pichale kucha varSoM meM iNTaranezanala rilIjiyasa phAunDezana, nyUyArka ke antarrASTrIya dharma sammelana meM DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, DaoN. premasumana jaina tathA DaoN. mAgacandra bhAskara ne bhAga liyaa| DaoN. gokulacandra jaina ne koriyA kI kAnphareMsa meM bhAga liyaa| inakA Arthika pakSa Ayojaka saMsthAoM ne samhAlA / bhaTTAraka zrI cArukIti jI mUDavidrI tathA maTTAraka zrI devendra kIrti jI bhI aneka sammelanoM meM videza ho Aye haiN| ye svayaM samartha saMsthAoM ke saMcAlaka haiN| DA0 ema0 Ara0 gelaDA bhI do bAra antarrASTrIya sammelanoM meM jamanI gaye haiM / DA0 lokhaMDe bhI isa dazaka meM ekAdhika vAra bAhara gaye haiN| DA0 nathamala rATayA to lagabhaga prativarSa kisI na kisI sammelana meM videza jAte haiN| anupama jana bhI abhI jApAna ke antArASTrIya gaNita sammelana se lauTe haiN| bhArata meM bhI antarrASTrIya jaina vidyA sammelanoM kI carcA rahatI hai, para vAstavika rUpa se aba taka eka bhI nAmasArthI sammelana nahIM ho pAyA hai| nAmataH hastinApura, lADanUM aura dillI meM aise sammelana hue haiM jinameM do-tIna se adhika bhAratetara dezoM ke vidvAna nahIM aaye| AgantukoM meM phrAMsa kI maiDoma kole kole, jarmanI ke ( a0 sva0 ) alsaDorpha, jApAna ke yozImAzA mizivAkI tathA nAijIriyA ke pro0 esa0 DI0 vAjapeyI pramukha haiN| eka bAra ahiMsA para zodha karane vAle phinalaiMDa ke pro. TAhiTanena bhI kAzI aura ilAhAbAda Aye the / ye sammelana aura saMgoSThiyA~ sAhityika evaM zaikSika stara para mahattvapUrNa kArya karatI haiN| inameM bhAga lene vAle vidvAna paraspara samparka evaM svAdhyayana ke mAdhmama se purAnI jijJAsAoM ko santuSTa tathA naI jijJAsAoM ke prasava kA kArya karate haiN| inakA kArya kucha samaya bAda hI sAmAnya jana ke sAmane AtA hai| ye saMgoSThiyA~ saMskRti ke saMrakSaNa evaM abhivardhana meM sthAyI mahattva ke kAma karatI haiM / Adhunika yuga meM ye bahuvyaya sAdhya haiM / sAmAnya zrAvaka ko inakA tatkAla koI phala bhI najara nahIM aataa| lekina unhe kauna samajhAye ki jaina saMskRti kA itihAsa aura mahattva aise hI parokSa prayAsoM se prakAzita hotA rahA hai / videzoM meM base jainoM meM jaina dharma-pracAra idhara kucha varSoM se jaina dharma prasAra kI eka naI dizA ubharI hai| isa ora abhI taka dhyAna hI nahIM gayA thaa| yaha pAyA gayA hai ki akele amarIkA aura kanADA meM hI koI cAlIsa hajAra jaina banbhu rahate haiN| anya derzoM meM bhI paryApta jaina rahate haiN| inakI saMkhyA cAra lAkha taka AMkI jAtI hai| ye apane vyApAra evaM AjIvikA ke vibhitna kSetroM meM kAryarata haiN| anekoM ko eka pIDhI se bhI Upara vahAM rahate ho rahA hai : anekoM ko nayI pIr3hI sAmane A rahI hai| ina jainoM meM acche saMskAra bane raheM, bane aura panapeM, isa Atma saMrakSaNa kI vRtti ko sakriya rUpa dene kI aura aneka sAmAjika tathA anya kSetroM meM kAma karane vAle jainoM kA dhyAna gayA hai| zrI kAna jI svAmI ne isa dizA meM sarva prathama 1981 meM kadama utthaayaa| ve nairobI meM nirmita jaina mandira kI pratiSThA evaM pacakalyANaka mahotsava meM lagabhaga pAMca sau janoM ke sAtha gaye / unhoMne dharma prabhAvanA evaM sthitikaraNa kA uttama udAharaNa prastuta kiyaa|

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videzoM meM jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra 87 AcArya tulasI ne bho kucha samaya pUrva apano kucha samaNiyoM ( eka nayA saMgha jo dharma pracAra evaM lokakalyANa ke kArya kara sakatA hai ) ko isa uddezya se landana bhejA thaa| unakA anubhava bar3A utsAhavardhaka rahA / A0 tulasIjI ne to abhI eka videzI mahilA ko samaNI banAyA hai| zrI badara dampatti ke Arthika sahayoga se DA0 hukamacandra mArilla bhI gata cAra varSoM se dasa-bAraha saptAha ke briTena, amarIkA tathA kanADA ke dIroM para jA rahe haiN| ve jaMnoM meM adhyAtma evaM naitikatA ke pravAha ko avirata karate hue bhASaNa zivira, svAdhyAya evaM pAThazAlAoM ko mAdhyama banAne meM agraNI bana rahe haiN| unake dvArA hindI meM nirmita sAhitya kI anekoM pustakeM aMgrejI meM anudita hokara hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM videzoM meM jaina aura jainetaroM meM vitarita ko jA rahI hai / landana ke zrI kacarAbhAI nAmaka sajjana ne sAhitya prasArArthaM abhI eka lAkha rupaye bhI diye haiM / yaha eka nayI dizA hai jo sthAyitva cAhatI hai / isake liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki 'siddhAcalaM' jaise sthAna para kucha manoyogI vidvAnoM ko rakhA jAya jo sadaiva preraNAyeM dete rahane kA kAma kreN| yoga-vidyA kA prasAra karane vAlI aneka antarrASTrIya svAvalambI saMsthAyeM isa dizA meM hamArA mArgadarzana kara sakatI haiN| 2] uparokta vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki videzoM meM jaina dharma evaM saMskRti kA prasAra kucha pragata pAzcAtya dezoM meM base jaina aura jainetaroM meM sImita hai| par3osI eziyAI dezoM kI ora dhyAna nagaNya hai / bhArata ke aneka par3osI dezoM meM aitihAsika dRSTi se mahAvIra kI saMskRti kA prabhAva rahA hai para isake abhivardhana kI ora kisI bhI jaina vyakti aura saMsthA kA dhyAna nahIM gyaa| vastutaH hamArA yaha kartavya hai ki hama eziyA hI nahIM, vizva ke sabhI mahAdvIpoM meM anya dharmoM ke samAna jainadharma kA prasAra kara duniyA kA mithyAtva miTAveM / Tokiyo, nyUyArka, siDanI, laMdana aura nairobI meM sthApanA kA AdhAra inakA svAvalaMbana honA 'eka-eka sthAyI kendra sthApita karane kI AvazyakatA hai| ina kendroM kI cAhiye | inakA bhavana aisA ho jo isake uddezyoM kI pUrti ke sAmAnya vyaya kI vyavasthA meM sahAyaka ho / jina kSetroM meM aise kendra baneM, vahA~ ke jaina pravAsI bhAI bhI isa kArya meM paryApta sahAyaka ho sakate haiN| lekina bhavana hI uddezya sevA nivRtta vidvat varga bhI cAhiye jo isa pramukha kendroM meM jaina vidyA marmajJa vidvanmaMDaloM pUraka nahIM hoMge, hameM aise zAstrajJa evaM bahubhASAvid sAdhu, brahmacArI yA kAryaM ko mizanarI-bhAvanA se kara sakeM / samaya-samaya para bhArata se vizva ke kI vyAkhyAna yAtrAoM kA Ayojana bhI kiyA jAnA cAhiye / Ajakala dUradarzana aura reDiyo kI vijJApana prasAraNa sevA bhI pracAra-prabhAvanA kA mahattvapUrNa sAdhana ho gayA hai / zAkAhAra pracAra hetu hamane aneka vyaktiyoM evaM saMsthAoM ko sujhAva diyA ki aMDA vyavasAyI saMgaThana ke samAna zAkAhArI saMgaThanoM ko bhI dUradarzana aura reDiyo para apanA pracAra karanA cAhiye / IsAI dharma ke samAna jaina kathAoM, jIvanoM va upadezoM kA vizeSataH prasAraNa karAyA jAnA cAhiye / prasAra ke ina bIsavIM sadI ke mAdhyamoM kA sadupayoga bahuvyaya sAdhya hai| saMbhavataH vyaktivAdita aparigraha kA siddhAnta hameM isa prakAra ke vyayo ke prati upekSita banAye hue hai / lekhaka ko vizvAsa hai ki jaina samudAya prabhAvanA ke isa rUpa kA mahatva samajhegA, aura bhUtakAla ke samAna vartamAna meM bhI samucita yaza arjita kara sakegA / * yuga * prabhAvanA kI dRSTi se 1988 kA varSa bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa varSa lIcesTara ( yU0 ke 0 ) meM jaina maMdira nirmANa evaM paMcakalyANaka pratiSThA huii| isakA Ayojana usa deza ke itihAsa meM bhavyatama utsava ke rUpa meM ginA jaaygaa| AcArya zrI caMdanA jI kI dharmapracAra yAtrA paryApta AkarSaka evaM prabhAvI rahI hai / jaina vizvabhAratI meM bhI eka antarrASTrIya sammelana meM 'prekSA inTaranezanala' kA saMgaThana kiyA gayA yaha jaina dhyAna paddhati kA antarrASTrIya pracAra-prasAra karegA /

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videzoM meM dhArmika AsthA DaoN0 mahendra rAjA jaina iMDiyana ekspresa, naI dillI paccIsa varSoM se adhika samaya taka videzoM meM rahakara aba jaba maiM bhArata lauTA hUM, to yahA~ rahate hue mere dhmAna meM barAbara eka bAta AtI hai| dharma ke viSaya meM hama loga saMkIrNa kyoM haiM ? maiM yA mere samAna anya agaNita janmajAta jaina anya dharmoM kI bAta to dUra, svayaM apane hI dharma ke viSaya meM kitanA jAnate haiM ? bacapana meM merI zikSA varNI vidyAlaya, sAgara, bar3avAnI tathA vArANasI ke syAdvAya mahAvidyAlaya meM huii| ina tInoM hI jagaha prAyaH ekahI paddhati se jainadharma sambandhI jo bAteM mujhe batAI, sichAI gaI, ve abhI bhI mujhe acchI taraha yAda haiM / paramparAgata zAstrIya paddhati se sikhAI gaI una bAtoM ke sAmAjika, sAMskRtika aura sArvadezika svarUpa ko hameM kabhI nahIM sayajhAyA gyaa| hameM kevala yahI batAyA gayA ki jaina zAstroM aura dharmagranthoM meM jo likhA hai, vahI par3hakara parIkSA pAsa karanA hai| una bAtoM ke sambandha meM zaMkA-saMdeha hameM adhArmika evaM ajaina kI pAtratA degaa| hameM yaha to batAyA gayA ki amuka dharmAnuyAyI mAMsAhArI haiM, mleccha haiM, ve parvo ke dina hiMsA karate haiM, ataH hameM unase dUra rahanA caahiye| para hameM yaha kabhI nahIM batAyA gayA ki pUrAna-jaina dharmagranthoM meM kyA likhA hai ? hindU aura jaina anya pazcimI dharmoM ko bhI mleccha aura bhraSTa mAnate haiM / para hamane kabhI yaha jAnane kA yatna nahIM kiyA ki unake dharmagranthoM meM kyA likhA hai ? Aja jaina samAja meM agaNita paNDita aura dharmAcArya pratidina apane bhASaNoM meM anya dharmoM kI nindA karate dekhe jAte haiN| para kitanoM ne unake dharma granthoM ko par3hA hai ? gItA, kurAna, bAibila, jinda avestA Adi dharmagranthoM kA adhyayana kara kitanoM ne unake mUlatatvoM ko jAnane kI koziza kI hai ? jainadharma kA mUla siddhAnta hai--ghRNA pApo se nahIM, pApa se karanA cAhiye / para Aja hI kyA, hama to prArambha se hI vyakti se ghRNA karate A rahe haiN| hameM bacapana se sikhAyA hI yahI gayA hai| anyathA kyA kAraNa hai ki anya dharmoM kA nAma sunate hI hama maMha phera lete haiM ? saMbhavataH yaha batalAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki briTena ke mUla nivAsiyoM meM prAyaH 99.99 pratizata IsAI haiM / inameM bhI apane yahAM ke hinduoM aura jainoM ke samAna alaga-alaga varga bana gaye haiM - kaitholika, proTesTenTa, baipTisTa, presbITeriyana, sevantha De eDavenTisTa, krisTiyana sAinTisTa Adi / mUlataH ye sabhI IsAI haiM / landana meM pahale hI dina maiM jisa parivAra meM 'peiMga gaisTa' ke rUpa meM ThaharA, usa parivAra kI mahilA ne merA dharma, jAti Adi pUche binA hI saharSa kucha samaya ke liye apanA eka kamarA kirAye para de diyaa| kirAye meM subaha kA nAztA bhI zAmila thaa| maiM maiDama sI homa ke yahAM zAma ko pahu~cA thaa| unhoMne subaha nAzte ke viSaya meM pUchA, "Apa kyA lenA pasanda kareMge?' ___ "jo Apa sAmAnyataH lete haiM, vahI maiM le luuNgaa| para maiM zAkAhArI huuN| aMDA, mAMsa, majhalI Adi kucha bhI nahIM luuNgaa|"

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videzoM meM dhArmika AsthA 89 kamare meM sAmAna rakha cukane ke bAda jaba maiM hAtha-muMha dhokara taiyAra huA, to unhoMne mujhe apane hI 'DrAiMga rUma' meM bulA liyA aura biskiTa-kAphI dene ke bAda mujhase mere viSaya meM pUchane lgii| maiMne unheM batAyA, "maiM jaina dharma mAnatA hU~', to unakI samajha meM kucha nahIM aayaa| unheM yaha to patA thA ki maiM nAma se jaina hU~, para dharma se bhI maiM jaina hU~, yaha unheM kucha betukA-sA laga rahA thaa| bAda meM jaba maiMne unheM jaina dharma ke viSaya meM kucha bAteM batAI, to unheM bar3I prasannatA huii| unhoMne aura bhI jijJAsA prakaTa karate hue kahA, "ve kala pablika lAibrerI jAkara jainadharbha sambandhoM kucha pustakeM lAkara pddh'eNgii|" lagamaga 1968-69 kI bAta hai| taba maiM saparivAra laMdana ke bAlahama kSetra meM raha rahA thaa| hamAre ghara se kucha hI dUra eka aMgreja pAdarI rahate the| unheM jaba mere viSaya meM patA calA, to eka dina unhoMne mujhe apane ghara para ke liye Amantrita kiyaa| maiM jaba unake ghara gayA, to unhoMne bhArata aura jainadharma para bahata dera taka bAteM kii| ve jainadharma ke sambandha meM pahale se bhI kAphI jAnate the, yaha jAnakara mujhe Azcarya nahIM huaa| IsAI hote hue bhI unheM kevala jainadharma hI nahIM, anya dharmoM ke viSaya meM bhI jAnakArI thii| ve sadA anya dharmAvalambiyoM ko apane ghara bulAyA karate the| unakA uddezya kabhI yaha nahIM rahA, jaisI ki bhArata meM pAdariyoM ke sambandha meM dhAraNA hai, ki kisI se paricaya-maitrI kara dhIre-dhIre usakA dharmaparivartana karane kI ceSTA kreN| unake carca kI ora se prativarSa grISma kAla meM 'gArDena pArTI hotI thii| usameM ve anya dezoM ke logoM ko hI nahIM, apane paricita-aparicita anya dharmAvalambiyoM ko bhI bulAte the| unakA vyavahAra sabhI ke sAtha ziSTa aura samabhAvI thA / ve jaba taka bAlahama carca meM rahe, unase hamArA acchA saMparka rhaa| ve hamAre yahA~ aneka vAra khAnA khAne bhI Aye / vyaktiyoM kI bAta to dUra, briTiza kAunsila' jaisI saMsthAyeM bhI isI uddezya se kAma karatI haiM, paricaya, jijJAsA zAnti aura jnyaanvRddhi| . iMglaiMDa, AyaralaiMDa tathA aphrIkA ke dezoM meM maiM jahA~ jahA~ rahA, maiMne kabhI yaha anubhava nahIM kiyA ki mujhase dharma ke kAraNa kisI ne anyathA bhAva se vyavahAra kiyA ho / mujhe sadaiva acche par3osI mile, paricita mile, maiM barAbara unake yahAM bhoja aura pArTiyoM ke AmaMtraNa para jAtA thA / jaba unheM hamAre zAkAhArI hone kA patA calatA thA, to isa bAta kA prayatna karate the ki hamAre bhojana meM galtI se aisI cIja na calI jAve, jo zAkAhAra meM zAmila na ho| pahale ve yahI samajhate the ki maiM jaina hone ke kAraNa zAkAhArI huuN| para bAda meM maiMne unheM spaSTa kiyA, "prAraMbha meM janmajAta jaina hone se maiM saMskAravaza zAkAhArI rahA, para aba vayaska hone para hama svayaM socane lage haiM ki hameM zAkAhArI rahanA cAhiye / " mujhe yUropa meM aneka aise IsAI mile jo mujhase bhI kaTTara zAkAhArI the / ve dUdha, dUdha se banI cIjeM-makkhana, panIra Adi bhI nahIM khAte the| bhArata meM dharma ke prati logoM ko AsthA kramazaH dhaTatI jA rahI hai, para hamAre apane anubhava meM, iglaiNDa meM isake viparIta dhArmika AsthA bar3ha rahI hai| hamAre yahA~ bhale hI naye naye mandira bana rahe haiM, paMca kalyANaka pratiSThAyeM ho rahI haiM, gajaratha nikala rahe haiM, para iglaNDa meM bhale hI naye girajAghara na bana rahe hoM, para pahale se bane girajAgharoM kI marammata dekhabhAla Adi para paryApta dhyAna diyA jAtA hai| apane lambe pravAsa kAla meM mujhe kabhI yaha sunane ko nahIM aa ki amuka jagaha koI nayA girijAghara banane vAlA hai| usake liye candA ekatra kiyA jA rahA hai| apane videza pravAsa meM mujhe aneka bAra pUrvI aura pazcimI yUropa jAne ke avasara mile / prAyaH sabhI jagaha maiMne vahA~ ke girajAdhara bhI dekhe / vahA~ jo zAnti kA anubhava hotA hai, vaha binA unameM jAye, akalpanIya hI hai / bhArata meM eka hI zahara meM kaI mandira hote haiM aura kucha logoM ke apane ruci ke anukUla khAsa-khAsa mandira bana jAte haiN| ve usI meM vizeSa rUpa se jAnA pasanda karate haiN| yahI sthiti videzoM meM bhI hai| yaha jarUrI nahIM ki

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90 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa koI vyakti apane nikaTa ke girajAghara meM jaave| sabhI girajAgharoM meM prArthanA kA eka nizcita samaya rahatA hai / ravivAra kA prAtaH kA samaya-saptAha meM kevala eka dina / isa dina sabhI sadasya samaya para girajAghara para pahu~cate haiM, sAmUhika prArthanA karate haiM, dharmaguru kA pravacana sunate haiN| isa kAryakrama ko IsAiyoM ko bhASA meM 'savisa' kahA jAtA hai / yaha prAyaH 90 minaTa ko hotI hai / dharmaguru pahale se hI yaha taya karatA hai ki kisa haphte bAibila kA kauna-sA aMza par3hA jAyegA yA kauna-sI prArthanA hogii| vahAM paryApta saMkhyA meM bAibila aura prArthanA pustakeM rahatI haiM / hama jaba bhI vahA~ gaye, hameM, sadaiva ye pustakeM milii| kucha loga apanI nijI pustakeM bhI lAte haiM / 'sarvisa' ke samaya girajAghara prAyaH pUrA bhara jAtA hai, para yaha kabhI nahIM dekhA gayA ki loga aniyaMtrita hoM, zoragula kareM yA ApasI bAteM karane lageM / 'savisa' ke samaya carca-saMgIta yA pAdarI kI AvAja ke sivA koI AvAja sunAI nahIM pdd'tii| loga apane-apane sthAnoM para baiThe rahate haiN| hamane vahA~ kabhI yaha nahIM dekhA ki kisI vyakti vizeSa ke Ane para kisI anya vyakti ne sthAna chor3A ho yA kisI se koI sthAna vizeSa khAlI karane ke liye kahA gayA ho| 'savisa' ke samaya 'AratI' se itanA dAna prApta ho jAtA hai ki isase carca kA vyavasthA vyaya, dharmaguru kI AjIvikA rAzi to pUrI hotI hI hai, isakA kucha aMza sadaiva dharma pracAra evaM sAhitya praNayana ke liye rakhA jAtA hai / pustakAlaya-vijJAnI hone ke kAraNa, prakAzita pustakoM ke sambandha meM apane anubhava se maiM yaha kaha sakatA hUM ki vahA~ dhArmika viSayoM para jitanI pustakeM chapatI va bikatI haiM, utanI kahIM nhiiN| pratyeka pustaka ke kama-se-kama --10-11 hajAra pratiyoM se kama ke saMskaraNa nahIM niklte| bAibila kA to pratyeka saMskaraNa 1-1 lAkha pratiyoM kA hotA hai| isase bhI adhika Azcarya kI bAta zAyada Apako yaha lage ki Ajakala hI nahIM, prArambha se hI bAibila zAyada duniyA kI sarvAdhika bikane vAlI pustaka rahI hai| isakA prativarSa koI-na-koI saMskaraNa prakAzita hotA hI rahatA hai aura IsAI dharma ke sambandha meM AlocanA, pratyAlocanA aura vivecanA kI pustakeM bhI mudrita hotI rahatI haiN| dhArmika pustakoM ke sambandha meM hamane eka bAta yaha bhI dekhI ki vahAM kevala IsAI dhrm| hI nahIM, anya dharmoM ke sambandha meM bho pustake prakAzita hotI haiM aura ina pustakoM ke lekhaka aura prakAzaka prAyaH IsAI hI hote haiN| yaha bAta bhI kucha aTapaTI laga sakatI hai ki jaina dharma yA anya dharmoM ke sambandha meM jitanI vistRta jAnakArI mujhe apane videza-pravAsa ke daurAna ina videzo pustakoM se milI, unatI apane jIvana ke prArambhika paccIsa varSoM meM bhArata meM apane ghara meM, saMsthAoM meM yA jaina parivAroM ke bIca rahane para bhI nahIM hii| ina pustakoM se mujhe dharmoM ke sambandha meM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se socane ko dRSTi nilI aura yaha bhI jAnane kI icchA huI ki anya dharmoM kI kyA vizeSatAyeM haiM? videzoM meM majhe jitane adhika vividha dharmAvalambiyoMse milane aura unake sAtha rahane kA avasara milA, usase mujhe yaha kahane meM tanika bhI saMkoca nahIM ki anya dharmoM ke sambandha meM merI pUrvAgraha yA saMkucita dRSTi lagabhaga dUra-sI ho gii| sambhavataH yahA kAraNa hai ki bhArata lauTane para jisa kAryAlaya meM merI niyukti huI, vahA~ savameM pahalI niyukti maiMne eka anya dharmAvalambI kI hI kraaii| iMglaiMDa meM rahate hue maiMne eka anya tathya bhI dekhA ki vahAM kI patra-patrikAoM meM bhI prAyaH dhArmika viSayoM para vivAdAspada lekha prakAzita hote rahate haiN| ye lekha prAyaH aise hote haiM jinakI carcA kAphI samaya taka hoto rahatI hai| inake viSaya meM lambe samaya taka pratikriyAyeM chapatI rahatI haiN| ina lekhoM meM prAyaH dharma sambandhI kisI naI bAta yA vyAkhyA ko uThAyA jAtA hai para yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki ye lekha kevala IsAI jagata se hI sambandhita hoN| dainikasAptAhika patroM meM anya dharmoM ke sambatva meM bhI lekha prakAzita hote haiM aura loga unheM zauka se par3hate haiM /

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jaina vidyAoM ke katipaya upAdhi-nirapekSa zodhakartA saMkalita pazcimI vidvAnoM ne jaina vidyAoM ke sambandha meM unnIsavIM sadI ke prArambha se hI apane zodhapUrNa adhyayana prArambha kara diye the| bhArata meM yaha kArya bIsavIM sadI se prArambha haA / isa zodha meM jaina vidyAoM ke dhArmika granthoM ke adhyayana ke sAtha adhyAtmetara viSayoM para bhI aitihAsika, sAMskRtika evaM vikAsa kI dRSTi se paryApta varNanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana haA hai| jaina' evaM jaina ke dvArA prakAzita jaina vidyA zodha vivaraNoM se jJAta hotA hai ki 1973-83 ke bIca isa kSetra meM zodhakartAoM kI saMkhyA meM eka sau dasa pratizata kI vRddhi huI hai| yahI nahIM, yaha bhI pAyA gayA hai ki ina zodhakartAoM meM jenetaroM kA pratizata lagabhaga 79.5 hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki jaina vidyA kA adhyayana naye zodhakartAoM meM AkarSaNa utpanna kara rahA hai| isa samaya jaina vidyA ke zodhoM ke antargata lalita sAhitya, nyAya-darzana, Agama evaM siddhAnta, byaktitva-kRtitva, bhASA evaM bhASA vijJAna, Adhunika viSaya (itihAsa, zikSA, arthazAstra, rAjanIti, purAtatva Adi ATha viSaya) tulanAtmaka adhyayana aura vaijJAnika tathyoM kA samIkSaNa samAhita hai| jaina vidyAoM meM anusandhAna ke mukhya do rUpa pAye jAte haiM-(1) upAdhi prApti ke hetu anusandhAna (2) upAdhinirapekSa, upAdhi-uttara evaM samaya-nirapekSa anusandhAna / aneka zodhakartA upAdhi-prApti hetu nirdezaka ke mArgadarzana meM viziSTa viSaya para niyata samaya se kArya karate haiN| isa kArya se aura samucita AjIvikA-kSetra milane para inameM se aneka rUci pUrvaka Age bhI isI dizA meM zodha evaM lekhana kArya ko cAlU rakhate haiN| upAdhi-prApti ke uparAnta kiye jAne vAle zodhakArya ko 'upAdhyuttara zodha' kI zreNI meM liyA jAtA hai| isake viparyAsa meM, jaina vidyAoM meM prArambhika zodha upAdhi-nirapekSa rahI hai| isake karNadhAra prAcIna paddhati meM zikSita vidvAn rahe hai| aneka maulika zodhakartA (nAthUrAma premI, jugalakizora mukhtAra Adi) to AjIvikA kAla meM hI svayaM kI ruci se jaina dharma ke adhyayana kI ora mur3e aura unhoMne uttaravartI jaina zodha ko prerita kiyaa| inhoMne svAntaH sukhAya evaM jana saMskRti ke prasAra hetu zodha kArya kiyaa| yaha pravRtti lekhana ko bhI janma detI hai| isalie inhoMne patra-patrikAoM meM lekha va aneka mahattvapUrNa grantha bhI likhe / aise zodhakartA upAdhinirapekSa (ata: nirdezaka-nirapekSa) evaM samaya-nirapekSa zodha kI koTi meM Ate hai| jaina vidyAoM meM ho rahe anusandhAnoM ke sambandha meM prakAzita vivaraNikAoM meM kevala upAdhi-nimittaka zodhoM kA hI vivaraNa rahatA hai| inameM upAdhi-nirapekSa aura upAdhi-uttara zodhoM kI sUcanAyeM nahIM rhtii| isase ye vivaraNikAyeM zodha kI vartamAna sthiti kI tathyaparaka sUcanA nahIM krtiiN| ina donoM hI koTiyoM meM Ane vAle zodhakartAoM kI saMkhyA paryApta hai| ina zodhoM kA vivaraNa saMkalita karane para hI jaina vidyA zodha kI sahI sthiti jJAta ho sakatI hai| upAdhi-nirapekSa zodhakartAoM meM aise aneka vidvAna haiM jinhoMne jaina vidyAoM kA gaurava bar3hAyA hai / yadyapi isa koTi ke prArambhika zodhakartA AMgla bhASAvida nahIM the, phira bhI unhoMne jo kAma kiyA, usakI jAnakArI ke lie AMgla bhASAvidoM ko samucita bhAratIya bhASAoM kA jJAna karanA pdd'aa| aise vidvAnoM meM zrI nAthUrAma premI, paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra, paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, paM0 phUlacandra zAstrI Adi ke nAma AdarapUrvaka liye jA sakate haiM / ye sabhI prAyaH samAja-sevI evaM samAja-jIvo rahe haiN| ina sabhI ne jaina siddhAnta granthoM ke sampAdana-anuvAda kArya ke samaya jaina saMskRti ke vikAsa evaM jainAcAryoM ke itihAsa evaM yogadAna para tulanAtmaka samIkSaNa likhakara apanI gahana zodha-kalA kA paricaya diyA hai| aneka viSayoM para inake bhASaNa va zodha-lekha atyanta mahatvapUrNa haiM / inakI sevAoM ke prati Adara-bhAva vyakta karane ke liye jaina samAja kI aneka saMsthAzoM dvArA unake abhinandana granthoM

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92 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa ( kucha prakAzita ho gaye haiM aura kucha prakAzita ho rahe haiM) ke mAdhyama se unake zodha / lekhana kAryoM kI jAnakArI dI gayI hai / para yaha pUrNa hai, isameM sandeha haiM, kyoMki kevala eka grantha ko chor3akara anya granthoM meM lekha / zodha-lekha/kRtiyoM sambandhI vistRta sUcI nahIM milatI / tattat prakAzana saMsthAoM se anurodha hai ki ve sambandhita vidvAnoM ke lekha / zodha lekha / maulika / sampAdana / anuvAda kAryoM kI viSayavAra sUcI prakAzita kara usase sambandhita jAnakArI ko pUrNa karane kI dizA meM agraNI baneM / isa lekha meM hama yahA~ isa sadI ke AThaveM dazaka meM kAma karane vAle kucha zodhakartAoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa denA cAhate haiM / inakI vizeSajJatA prAya: jainetara viSayoM ( vijJAna, gaNita, itihAsa Adi ) meM rahI / inakI AjIvikA kA kSetra bhI, isaliye, jaina saMsthAoM aura samAja se bhinna rahA hai / phira bhI, unhoMne jaina dharma evaM saMskRti ke prati rUci hone se isake sAhitya meM vidyamAna vaijJAnika, gaNita, jyautiSa, purAtatva Adi bhautika pakSoM ko tulanAtmaka dRSTi se udghATita karane meM mahAn bhUmikA nibhAI hai / isameM madhya pradezavAsiyoM ko gauravapUrNa zodha ke nirUpaNa kA prArambha hai / mujhe AzA hai ki anya vidvajjana aura prApta karane kA yatna kareMgI aura use upAdhi nimittaka zodha prakAzanoM ke (a) upAdhi nirapekSa zodhakartA sthAna prApta hai / yaha vivaraNa upAdhi-nirepakSa saMsthAeM isa prakAra kI zodhoM kA pUrNa vivaraNa samAna sulabha kareMgI / 1. zrI bAlacaMdra jaina ( 1924 - ) : Apa chatarapura jile ke gorakhapurA grAma ke vAsI hai aura zikSA-dIkSA evaM AjIvikA ke daurAna kaTanI, banArasa, rAyapura, bhopAla aura jabalapura meM rahakara Ajakala sevA nivRtti ke bAda jabalapura ko apanA nivAsa banAye hue haiM / inhoMne jainadharma meM zAstro sAhitya meM zAstro evaM prAcIna bhAratoya itihAsa va saMskRti meM ema0 e0 kiyA haiM / inhoMne vidarbha aura mahAkozala ke sikkoM para adhyayana hetu zodha prAraMbha kI thI para use pUrI nahIM kara sake | inakA adhikAMza sevAkAla purAtatva vibhAga meM bItA hai / inhoMne tIna darjana se adhika zodhapatra likhe haiM / eka darjana se adhika nirdezikAyeM likhI haiN| 'jena pratimA vijJAna' para eka mAnaka pustaka bhI likhI hai| Apa sikkAvijJAna evaM mUrtikalA ke sujJAta vizeSajJa haiM / unake zodhapatroM meM rAjapAladeva, nannarAja, pravararAja, dalapatazAha, bhojadeva, trailokyavarmA, vyAghrarAja, zivadeva, kramAditya, mahendrAditya evaM vijayasiMha Adi rAjAoM ke samaya ke sikkoM evaM itihAsa para naI rozanI DAlI hai / inhoMne ratanapura, pacarAI, guDara ( ma0 bhArata ), kuruda, kArItAnAI, jaTAzaMkara Adi ko jaina tathA jainetara kalAoM para tathA goMDa, kalacurI aura nAgavaMzoM ke itihAsa para kAphI kAma kiyA hai| Apane vidhyamahAkozala ke aneka aitihAsika jaina kalAkendroM kA patA lagAyA tathA una para adhyayana kiyaa| sevAnivRtta hone para bhI * Apa apane zodhakAryoM meM lage hue haiN| Ajakala Apa asvastha haiM / 2. zrI nIraja jaina ( 1926 - ) : rITho ( sAgara ) grAma jaina vidvAnoM evaM samAja seviyoM ko khAna kahA jA sakatA hai / zikSA-dIkSA, AjIvikA tathA samAjasevI pravRttiyoM ke bIca Apa mukhyataH sAgara aura satanA meM raha haiM / adhyayana ke prati ruci aisI ki Apane 45 varSa ko vaya ke bAda bI0e0 aura ema0e0 kiyA / pro0 kRSNadatta vAjapeyI ke samparka evaM ziSyatva ne inheM kAvya-rasa se purAtattva rasa kI ora mor3A / upalabdha sUcanAoM ke anusAra, Apane bundelakhaNDa ke jJAta-ajJAta tIrtha kSetroM para aneka zodha lekha tathA lokapriya lekha likhe haiM / patayAnadAI, navAgar3ha, cittaur3a, bajaragagar3ha, mar3aI, rAjaghATa, ajayagar3ha, gvAliyara Adi kI alpajJAta jaina-kalAoM para Apake aneka mahattvapUrNa lekha prakAzita hue haiM / kAvya-rasa se otaprota ApakI do aitihAsika pustakeM bhI ( gomaTeza gAthA, sahasrAbdi samAroha) abhA prakAzita huI hai / Apa abhI bhI jaina sthApatya, mUrti evaM purAtatva ke kSetra meM kAma kara rahe haiM tathA aneka akhila bhAratIya saMsthAoM se sambaddha haiM / 3. zrI ela0 sI0 jaina ( 1926 - ) : sAgara meM janme adhyApaka putra zrI jaina bacapana se hI pratibhA ke dhanI rahe haiM / sAgara aura jabalapura kI zikSA-dIkSA ke bAda Apane svAdhyAyo chAtra ke rUpa meM gaNita meM ema0 e0 kiyA /

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2] jaina vidyAoM ke katipaya upAdhi-nirapekSa zodhakartA 93 apane 34 varSa ke adhyApana-sevA-kAla meM Apane jaina vidyAoM meM gaNita viSayaka sAmagrI ko koTi ko ora aneka zodha patroM, saMpAdakIyoM tathA pustikaaoN| (besika maithemeTiksa-1, 2, jayapura) ke mAdhyama se bhArata tathA vizva ke gaNitajJoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai| Apane jaina gaNita ke laukika evaM lokottara rUpoM ko pathaka-pRthak rUpa meM varNita kiyA aura vartamAna 'samuccaya siddhAnta' ke vIja jaina zAstroM meM pAye / Apa karma siddhAnta ko gaNinIya rUpa dene ke prayAsa meM haiM aura usase sambandhita upayukta pAribhASika zabdAvalI Apane banAI hai| upalabdha sUcanAoM ke anusAra Arane jaina gaNita sambandhI lagabhaga 50 zodha lekha likhe haiN| inameM se kuSTha videzI patrikAoM meM bhI prakAzita hue haiN| isa viSaya se sambandhita lokapriya lekhoM kI zreNI alaga hai| abhI Apa 'trilokasAra' para kAma kara rahe haiN| Apa ne aneka goSThiyoM meM bhAga liyA hai| Apa jainolojikala risarca sosAiTI, triloka zodha-saMsthAna, madara isTITyUTa, vidyAsAgara zodha-saMsthAna Adi aneka saMsthAoM meM sambaddha rahe haiN| 4. zrI kundanalAla jaina (1925-) : bonA ke atyanta nirdhana parivAra meM janme zrI jaina kI jaina vidyAoM ke samvardhana meM prArambha se hI ruci rahI hai| unakI zikSA-dIkSA baruAsAgara, sAgara aura vArANasI meM huii| isake bAda kA AMgla paddhatika adhyayana svAdhyAyo rUpa meM huaa| AjIvikA kAla meM Apa dillI, mathurA, vAsaudA tathA antima tIsa vaSaM dillI meM rahe / Apane 'triSaSThi zalAkApuruSa' para kAphI zodhakArya kiyA para aneka niyamApaniyama usako upAdhi hetu saMpreSaNa meM bAdhaka bana gye| pAMDulipiyoM kI khoja aura vargIkaraNa para Apane kAma kiyA hai aura dillI ke grantha bhaNDaroM meM upalabdha granthoM kA 'dillI jina grantha ralAvalI' ke rUpa meM aneka bhAgoM meM vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| isakA eka bhAga bhAratIya jJAnapITha ne prakAzita kiyA hai| Apane aneka alpajJAta jaina kaviyoM aura unakI racanAoM kI khoja kara lagabhaga 70 zodha lekha likhe hai / vaise Apake sabhI prakAra ke lekhoM kI saMkhyA 200 kI sImA pAra kara gaI hai| Apane vAdirAja, puarAja, 70 jJAnasAgara, bra0 uDU, ajikA palhaNa, devodAsa bhAya jI, bha0 sakala kIti, bha0 vizvabhUSaNa, bulAkIdAsa, chunnUlAla, vArelAla, bihArIdAsa, rAya pravINa, ziromaNidAsa Adi kI kRtiyoM kA paricaya diyA hai / Apane purAtatva va mUrtikalA ke kSetra meM tArAtambUla, gaMjavAsaudA, baDauta, naravaragar3ha, naravara, murAra, jaisalamera, joiNIpura Adi para mahatvapUrNa prakAza DAlA hai| Apake zodhalekha aneka jaina-janetara patrikAoM meM mudrita hue haiN| Apa aneka saMsthAoM se sambaddha hai| Apane aneka rASTrIya goSThiyoM (jaina vidyAoM kI) meM bhAga liyA hai| raDiyA aura dUradarzana ko bhI Apane aneka bAra apanI carcAoM kA mAdhyama banAyA hai / Ajakala Apa hastinApura gurukula meM sevAnivRttyuttara samAjasevA kara rahe haiN| 5. DA0 nandalAla jaina (1928-) : chatarapura jile ke bar3A zAhagar3ha grAma ke mUla nivAsI bhArata ke aneka mahA nagaroM meM vyApAra evaM vyavasAya karate hae pAye jAte haiN| goMDavAne ke isa grAma meM janme zrI jaina zikSA-dIkSA, AjIvikA evaM zodhakAryoM ke daurAna jhumarItilaiyA, kAzI, Tokamagar3ha, chatarapura, rAyapura, bAlAghATa, jabalapura evaM rIvA meM rahe hai| inhoMne jaina dharma evaM sarvadarzana kA adhyayana karate hue rasAyana vijJAna meM briTena tathA amarIkA meM vizeSajJatA prApta kI aura yahI ApakA adhyayana-viSaya rhaa| para vaMzAnuga dhArmika saMskAroM evaM vyaktigata ruci ke kAraNa unhoMne jaina darzana ke vaijJAnika mUlyAMkana evaM usameM vaNita vaijJAnika tathyoM ke vivecana para kApho kArya kiyA hai / bhautikI, rasAyana, prANizAstra, vanaspatizAstra evaM AhAra vijJAna ke vividha pakSoM para Apake lagabhaga pAMca darjana zodhapatra prakAzita hue hai| aba ve apanI zodha ko eka pustaka ke rUpa meM prastuta karane meM vyasta hai| unako yaha dhAraNA hai ki jana vidyAoM ke vividha sAhitya meM varNita vaijJAnika tathyoM kA Akalana aitihAsika dRSTi se hI samoconatA pUrvaka kiyA jA sakatA hai / jaina darzana ko bhautika jagata sambandhI aneka mAnyatAyeM saiddhAntika dRSTi se Aja bhI janAcAryoM ko kIti ko gAthA gA rahI hai| Apane do darjana se adhika rASTrIya evaM antarrASTrIya jana vidyA saMgoSThiyoM sammelanoM meM bhAga lekara apanI

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94 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa zodhadizA ko prasArita kiyA hai / Apa bAla sAhitya evaM anudita sAhitya ke puraskRta lekhaka haiM aura jana-saMskRti ke siddhAntoM ke sArvajanika prasAra meM ruci rakhate haiM / Apa aneka zodha evaM dharma pracAra saMsthAoM se sambaddha hai / isa samaya Apa vizvavidyAlaya anu0 Ayoga kI yojanA meM sevAnivRttyuttara kAryarata hai / Apa di0 jaina sAhitya ke eka Agama grantha kA aMgrejI anuvAda bhI kara rahe haiM / munizrI mahendrakumAra (1938) : bIsavIM sadI kI jaina vidyA zodhoM meM sAdhu varga kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai / bambaI se bI0 esa0 sI0 ( Anarsa) karate samaya hI munizrI jI ke mana meM jaina dharma aura vijJAna kI mAnyatAoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI pravRtti jagI thI / san 1958 se lekara Ajataka ve isI ke anurUpa kAryaM kara rahe haiM / upalabdha sUcanAoM ke anusAra 1985 taka unhoMne 7 pustakaM, 15 lekha, 21 anuvAda tathA 24 sampAdana kArya kiye haiM / ye kArya hindI aura aMgrejI donoM bhASAoM meM haiM / inameM se bahutere kArya prekSA dhyAna paddhati ke vaijJAnika pahaluoM para | prArambha meM unhoMne vizva ke svarUpa, AkAza kAla kI svarUpa vyAkhyA, punarjanma, paramANuvAda evaM bhautika jagat ke jaina- dArzanika evaM vaijJAnika svarUpoM kA adhyayana kara vaijJAnika jagat ko eka nayA cintana diyaa| Ajakala Apa prekSAdhyAna para vizeSa prayoga aura kArya kara rahe haiM / 'jaina dharma kA vizvakoSa' bhI Apake sampAdana meM Ane vAlA hai / (ba) upAdhyuttara zodhakartA (1) DA. je. sI. sikandara (1924 - ) : zrI sikandara ne jaina vidyAoM meM bihAra tathA jabalapura vizvavidyAlaya se pI. eca. DI. evaM Do-liTa upAdhi prApta kI hai / sambhavataH ye jaina vidyAoM meM do uccatama zodha - upAdhidhAriyoM meM sarvaprathama hai / ( kucha dina pUrva bijanaura ke DA0 ramezacandra jI ko dvitIya zodha upAdhi milI hai / ) inhoMne bhagavatI sUtra evaM jainoM ke paramANuvAda para zodha kI hai / isa zodha ko vistRta kara inhoMne ela0 DI0 insTITyUTa, ahamadAbAda meM zodhAdhikArI ke pada para rahakara uttarakAla meM rasAyana, bhautikI, jIva-vijJAna ke viSaya bhI samAhita kiye| upalabdha sUcI ke anusAra inhoMne 1960 se aba taka lagabhaga do darjana zodha-lekha likhe haiM / inheM sampAdita kara prakAzita karanA atyanta upayogI hogA / inake samaya meM aneka jaina aura jainetara vidvAnoM ne jainadarzana ko vaijJAnika mAnyatAoM para zodha kI haiM aura naye-naye tulanAtmaka tathya udghATita kiye haiM / pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama se inakA zodha nibaMdha - jaina kansepTa Ava maiTara - abhI prakAzita huA hai / (2) DA0 esa0 esa0 lika (1942- ) : paMjAba meM janme DA0 lika ne kurukSetra se gaNita meM ema0 e0 (1971) tathA caMDIgar3ha se gaNita jyautiSa meM sasammAna pI0 eca0 DI0 (1978) kiyA hai / chaha bhASAoM ke jAnakAra haiM | ema0 e0 karane ke bAda hI jaina jyautiSa aura gaNita kI kucha vizeSatAoM ne unheM AkRSTa kiyA | taba se aba taka unake 43 zodha-patra prakAzita hue haiN| inameM jana granthoM - bhagavatI sUtra, sUrya prajJapti, bhadrabAhu saMhitA Adi meM vidyamAna lambAI evaM samaya kI ikAiyA~, capaTI pRthvI, sUrya-candra grahaNa, meru parvata aura jambU dvIpa tathA jaina jyotiSa kI anekoM tulanAtmaka vizeSatAoM para unhoMne vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai / aneka lekhoM meM inhoMne Adhunika mAnyatAoM ke sAtha aneka prakAra kI visaMgatiyA~ to batAyI haiM, para unheM susaMgata karane kA upAya nahIM sujhAyA / inakA 'ja'na esTronomI' nAmaka eka mahatvapUrNa grantha abhI prakAzita huA hai / inase jaina samAja ko bar3I AzAe~ haiM / zrI ela0 sI0 jaina inake prerakoM meM se eka haiM / ye aneka jana gaNita evaM jyotiSa ke granthoM kA samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana karanA cAhate haiN| mujhe lagatA hai ki yadi inheM samucita suvidhAe~ pradAna ko jAveM, to ye jainoM kI vaijJAnika mAnyatAoM ke kSetra meM smaraNIya kAma kara sakate hai / inhoMne deza-videza ke aneka sammelanoM meM apane viSaya para zodha patra prastuta kara jaina vidyAoM kA sammAna bar3hAyA hai|

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Agama-tulya granthoM kI prAmANikatA kA mUlyAMkana DaoN0 ena0 ela0 jaina rIvA, ma0pra0 vartamAna vaijJAnika yuga kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki isameM vibhinna mautika va AdhyAtmika tathyoM aura ghaTanAoM ko .. bauddhika parIkSA ke sAtha prAyogika sAkSya ke AdhAra para bhI vyAkhyA karane kA prayatna hotA hai| donoM prakAra ke saMpoSaNa se AsthA balavatI hotI hai| vaijJAnika mastiSka dArzanika yA santa ko svAnubhUti, divyadRSTi yA mAtra bauddhika vyAkhyA se santuSTa nahIM hotaa| isI liye vaha prAcIna zAstroM, zabda yA veda kI pramANatA kI dhAraNA ko bhI parIkSA karatA hai| jaina zAstroM meM prAcIna zrata kI pramANatA ke do kAraNa diye haiM : (1) sarvajJa, gaNaghara, unake ziSya-praziSyoM dvArA racanA aura (2) zAstra vaNita tathyoM ke liye bAdhaka pramANoM kA abhAva / isa AdhAra para jaba aneka zAstrIya vivaraNoM kA Adhanika vaijJAnika dRSTi se adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai, taba munizrI nandighoSa vijaya ke anusAra mI spaSTa bhinnatAyeM dikhAI par3atI haiN| aneka sAdhu, vidvAn, paramparApoSaka aura prabuddhajana ina bhinnatAoM ke samAdhAna meM do prakAra ke dRSTikoNa apanAte haiM : (a) vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa ke anusAra jJAna kA pravAha vardhamAna hotA hai| phalataH prAcIna varNanoM meM bhinnatA jJAna ke vikAsa-patha ko nirUpita karatI hai| ve prAcIna zAstroM ko isa vikAsapatha ke eka mola kA patthara mAnakara inheM aitihAsika pariprekSya meM svIkRta karate haiM / isase ve apanI bauddhika pragati kA mUlyAMkana bhI karate haiM / (ba) paramparApoSaka dRSTikoNa ke anusAra samasta jJAna sarvajJa, gaNadharoM evaM ArAtIya AcAryoM ke zAstroM meM nirUpita hai| vaha zAzvata mAnA jAtA hai| isa dRSTikoNa meM jJAna kI pravAharUpatA evaM vikAsa prakriyA ko sthAna prApta nahIM hai| isaliye jaba vibhinna vivaraNoM, tathyoM aura unako vyAkhyAoM meM Adhunika jJAna ke pariprekSya meM bhinnatA parilakSita hoto hai, taba isa koTi ke anusA vijJAna ko nirantara parivartanIyatA evaM zAstrIya aparivartanIyatA ko carcA uThAkara paramparA-poSaNa ko hI mahatva dete haiN| yaha prayatna avazya kiyA jAtA hai ki ina vyAkhyAoM se adhikAdhika saMgatatA Ave cAhe isake liye kucha khIMcatAna hI kyoM na karanI pdd'e| aneka vidvAnoM ko yaha dhAraNA saMbhavataH unheM arucikara pratIta hogI ki aMga-sAhitya kA viSaya yugAnusAra parivartita hotA rahatA hai| satya ho, poSaNa kA artha kevala saMrakSaNa hI nahIM, saMvardhana bhI hotA hai| jaina zAstroM ke kAkadRSTIya adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki zAstrIya AcAravicAra kI mAnyatAyeM navamo-dazamI sadI taka vikasita hotI rahI haiN| isake bAda inheM sthira evaM aparivartanIya kyoM mAnaliyA gayA, yaha zodhanIya hai| zAstrI kA mata hai ki paramparApoSaka vRtti kA kAraNa saMbhavataH pratimA kI kamI tathA rAjanItika asthiratA mAnA jA sakatA hai| pApacIrutA bhI isakA eka saMbhAvita kAraNa ho sakato hai| isa sthiti ne samagra bhAratIya pariveza ko prabhAvita kiyA hai / zAstrI ne ArAtIya AcAryoM ko zrutadhara, sArasvata, prabuddha, paramparApoSaka evaM AcAryatulya koTiyoM meM vargIkRta kiyA hai| inameM prathama tIna koTiyoM ke pramukha AcAryoM ke granthoM kA adhyayana karane para spaSTa hotA hai ki pratyeka AcArya

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96 50 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa ne apane yuga meM paramparAgata mAnyatAoM meM yugAnurUpa nAma, bheda, artha aura vyAkhyAoM meM parivardhana, saMzodhana tathA vilopana kara svataMtra cintana kA paricaya diyA hai| inake samaya meM jJAnapravAha gatimAn rahA hai| isa gatimattA ne hI hameM AdhyAtmika, sAMskRtika, aitihAsika evaM rAjanItika dRSTi se garimA pradAna kI hai| hama cAhate haiM ki iso kA AlaMbana lekara nayA yuga aura bhI garimA prApta kre| isake liye mAtra paraMparApoSaNa kI dRSTi se hameM Upara uThanA hogaa| AcAryoM kI prathama tIna koTiyoM kI pravRtti kA anusaraNa karanA hogaa| upAdhyAya amara muni ne bhI isa samasyA para manthana kara aisI hI dhAraNA prastuta kI hai| hama isa lekha meM kucha zAstrIya mantavya prakAzita kara rahe haiM jinase yahI mantavya siddha hotA hai| AcAryoM aura pranthoM kI prAmANikatA hamane jinasena ke 'sarvajJoktyanuvAdinaH' ke rUpa meM AcAryoM dvArA praNIta granthoM kI prAmANikatA kI dhAraNA sthira kI hai| para jaba vidvajjana inakA samucita aura sUkSma vizleSaNa karate haiM, to isa dhAraNA meM sandeha utpanna hotA hai evaM sandeha nivAraka dhAraNAoM ke liye preraNA milatI hai| sarvaprathama hama mahAvIra ko AcArya paramparA para hI vicAra kreN| hameM vibhinna srotoM se mahAvIra nirvANa ke pazcAt 683 varSoM kI AcArya paramparA prApta hotI hai| isameM kama-se-kama cAra visaMgatiyAM pAI jAtI haiN| do kA samAdhAna jaMbUdvIpa prapti se hotA hai, para anya do yathAvat banI huI haiM : (i) mahAvIra ke pramukha uttarAdhikArI gautama gaNadhara hue| usake bAda aura jaMbU svAmI ke bIca meM lohArya aura sudharmA svAmI ke nAma bhI Ate haiM / yaha to acchA rahA ki jaMbUdvIpa prajJapti meM spaSTa rUpa se sudharmA svAmI aura lohArya ko abhinna banAkara yaha visaMgati dUra kI aura tIna hI kevalI rahe / (ii) pAMca zrutakevaliyoM ke nAmoM meM bhI antara hai| pahale hI zrutakevalo kahIM 'nandI' haiM to kahIM 'viSNu' kahe gaye haiN| inheM viSNunaMdi mAnakara samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai / (iii) dhavalA meM subhadra, yazobhadra, madrabAhu evaM lohAcArya ko kevala eka AcArAMgadhArI mAnA hai jabaki prAkRta padrAvalI meM inheM kramazaH 10, 9,8 aMgadhArI mAnA hai| isa prakAra ina cAra AcAyoM kI yogyatA vivAdagrasta hai| (iv) 683 varSa kI mahAvIra paramparA meM ekAMgadhArI puSpadaMta-bhUtabali sahita pAMca AcAyoM ( 118 varSa ) ko samAhita kiyA gayA hai aura kahIM unheM chor3akara hI 683 varSa kI paramparA dI gaI hai jaisA saarnnii| se spaSTa hai / eka sUcI meM 10, 9, 8 aMgadhAriyoM ke nAma hI nahIM haiN| phalataH AcAryoM kI paramparA meM hI nAma, yogyatA aura kAryakAla meM bhinnatA hai| yaha paramparA mahAvIra-uttara kAlIna hai| mahAvIra ne vibhinna yuga ke AcAryoM ke liye bhinna-bhinna paramparA ke lekhana kI divyadhvani vikIrNa na kI hogii| Adhunika dRSTi se ina visaMgatiyoM ke do kAraNa saMbhava haiM : (a) prAcIna samaya ke vibhinna AcAryoM aura unake sAhitya ke samucita saMcaraNa evaM prasAraNa kI vyavasthA aura prakriyA kA abhAva /

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Agama-tulya granthoM kI prAmANikatA kA mUlyAMkana 97 (ba) upalabdha pratyakSa, apUrNa yA parokSa sUcanAoM ke AdhAra para paramparApoSaNa kA prayatna / naye yuga meM ye hI kAraNa prAmANikatA meM praznacihna lagAte haiN| phira, yaha prazna to raha hI jAtA hai ki kauna-sI sUcI pramANa hai ? sAraNI 1. dhavalA aura prAkRta paTTAvalI kI 683 varSa-paramparA dhavalA paramparA prAkRta paTTAvalI paramparA 3. kevalI 62 varSa 5. bhutakevalI 100, 100 ,, 11. dazapUrvadhArI 183 183 // 5. ekAdazAMgadhArI 123 // 4. 10, 9, 8 aMgadhAroM 4. ekAMgadhArI 118 , (pAMca ekAMgadhArI) 62 varSa 683 mUlAcAra ke anusAra, AcArya ziSyAnugraha, dharma evaM maryAdAoM kA upadeza, saMgha-pravartana evaM gaNa-parirakSaNa kA kArya karate haiM / antima do kAryoM ke liye etihAsika evaM jIvana paramparA kA grathana Avazyaka hai| para prArambha ke prAyaH sabhI pramukha AcAryoM kA jIvanavRtta anumAnataH hI niSkarSita hai| Atma-hitaiSiyoM ke liye isakA mahatva na bhI mAnA jAve, to bhI paramparA yA jJAnavikAsa kI kramikadhArA aura usake tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke liye yaha atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti kI isa itihAsa-nirapekSatA ko vRti ko guNa mAnA jAya yA doSa-yaha vicAraNIya hai| eka ora hameM 'ajJAtakulazIlasya, vAso deyo na kasyacit' kI sUkti paDhAI jAtI hai, dUnarI ora hameM aise AcAryoM ko pramANa mAnane kI dhAraNA dI jAtI hai| yaha aura aisI hI anya paraspara-virodhI mAnyatAoM ne hamArI bahuta hAni kI hai| udAharaNArtha, zAstrI dvArA samIkSita vibhinna AcAryoM ke kAla-vicAra ke AdhAra para prAyaH samI prAcIna AcArya samasAmayika siddha hote haiM : 1. guNadhara 114 I0 pU0 2. dharasena 50-100 I0 prathama sadI saurASTra, mahArASTra 3. puSpadaMta 60-106 I. AMdhra, mahArASTra 4. bhUtabali 76-136 I0 1-2 sadI AMdhra 5. kuMdakuMda 81-165 I0 1-2 sadI tAmilanADu 6. umAsvAti 100-180 I. 2 sadI 7. vaTTakera prathama sadI 8. zivArya prathama sadI 9. svAmikumAra ( kArtikeya ) 2-3 rI sadI gujarAta ___ inameM guNadhara, dharasena, puSpadaMta aura bhUtabali kA pUrvAparya aura samaya to paryApta yathArthatA se anumAnita hotA hai / para kuMdakuMda aura umAsvAti ke samaya para paryApta carcAyeM milatI haiN| yadi inheM mahAvIra ke 683 varSa bAda hI mAne, mathurA

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98 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa to inameM se koI bhI AcArya dUsarI sadoM kA pUrvavartI nahIM ho sakatA ( 683-527 = 156 I0 ) / inheM guru-ziSya mAnane meM bhI aneka bAdhaka tarka haiM : ( i ) umAsvAti kI bAraha bhAvanAoM ke nAma va krama kuMdakuMda se bhinna haiN| (ii) umAsvAti ne vaTTakera ke paMcAcAra aura zivArya ke caturAcAra ko samyak ratnatraya meM parivardhita kiyaa| unhoMne tapa aura vIrya ko cAritra meM hI antabhUta mAnA / (iii) kuMdakuMda ke ekArthI pAMca astikAya, chaha dravya, sAta tatva aura nau padArthoM kI vividhA ko dUra kara unhoMne sAta tatvoM kI mAnyatA ko pratiSThita kiyaa| (iv) umAsvAti ne advaitavAda yA nizcaya-vyavahAra dRSTiyoM kI varIyatA para mAdhyastha bhAva rkhaa| (v) umAsvAti ne jJAna ko pramANa batAkara jaina vidyAoM meM sarvaprathama pramANavAda kA samAveza kiyaa| (vi) umAsvAti ne zrAvakAcAra ke antargata gyAraha pratimAoM para mauna rkhaa| saMbhavataH isameM unheM punarAvRtti lagI ho| (vii) unhoMne sallekhanA ko zrAvaka ke dvAdaza bratoM se pRthak maanaa| (viii ) unhoMne sapta tatvoM meM baMdha-mokSa kA kuMda-kuMda-svIkRta krama amAtya kara baMdha ko cauthA aura mokSa ko sAtavAM sthAna diyaa| ziSyatA se mArgAnusAritA apekSita hai| parantu lagatA hai ki umAsvAti pratibhA ke dhanI the| unhoMne tatkAlIna samagra sAhitya meM vyApta carcAoM kI vividhatA dekhakara apanA svayaM kA mata banAyA thaa| yahI dRSTikoNa vartamAna meM apekSita hai| umAsvAti ke samAna anya AcAryoM ne bhI sAmayika samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kI dRSTi se paraMparAgata mAnyatAoM meM saMyojana evaM parivardhana Adi kiye haiM / isaliye dhArmika granthoM meM pratipAdita siddhAnta, carvAya yA mAnyatAyeM aparivartanI hai, aisI mAnyatA tarkasaMgata nahIM lgtii| vibhinna yagoM ke granthoM ko dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki ahiMsAdi pAMca nItigata siddhAntoM kI paraMparA bhI mahAvIra-yuga se hI calI hai| isake pUrva bhagavAn riSabha kI triyAma ( samatva, satya, svAyattatA ) evaM pArzvanAtha kI caturyAya paraMparA thii|" mahAvIra ne hI acelakatva ko pratiSThita kiyaa| mahAvIra ne yuga ke anurUpa aneka parivardhana kara paraMparA ko vyApaka bnaayaa| vyApakIkaraNa kI prakriyA ko bhI paraMparApoSaNa hI mAnA jAnA caahiye| yadyapi Aja ke aneka vidvAna isa niSkarSa se sahamata nahIM pratIta hote para paraMparAyeM to parivadhita aura vikasita hokara hI jIvanta rahatI haiM / vastutaH dekhA jAya, to jo loga mUla AmnAya jaisI zabdAvalI kA prayoga karate haiM, usakA vidvat jagata ke lie koI artha hI nahIM hai| bIsavI sadI meM isa zabda kI sahI paribhASA denA hI kaThina hai| bha0 riSabha ko mUla mAnA jAya yA bha0 mahAvIra ko ? isa zabda kI vyutpatti svayaM yaha pradarzita karatI hai ki yaha vyApakIkaraNa kI prakriyA ke prati anudAra hai| hA~, bIsavIM sadI ke kucha lekhaka'' samanvaya kI thor3I-bahuta saMmAvanA ko avazya svIkAra karane lage haiN| saiddhAntika mAnyatAoM meM saMzodhana aura unakI svIkRti uparokta tathA anya aneka tathyoM se yaha patA calatA hai ki samaya-samaya para hamane apanI pUrvagata aneka saiddhAntika mAnyatAoM ke saMzodhanoM ko svIkRta kiyA hai jinameM kucha nimna haiM :

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Agama-tulya granthoM kI prAmANikatA kA mUlyAMkana 99 (i) hamane vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ke yuga meM pracalita triyAma, caturyAma aura paMcayAma dharma ke parivardhana ko svIkRta kiyaa| (ii) hamane vibhinna AcAryoM ke paMcAcAra, caturAcAra evaM ratnatraya ke kramazaH nyUnIkaraNa ko svIkRta kiyA / (iii) hamane pravAhamAna ( paraMparAgata ) aura apravAhyamAna ( saMvardhita ) upadezoM ko bhI mAnyatA dii|'2 (iv) akalaMka aura anuyoga dvAra satra ne lokika saMgati baiThAne ke liye pratyakSa ke do bheda kara diye jinake virodhI artha haiM : laukika aura pAramArthika / inheM bhI hamane svIkRta kiyA aura yaha aba siddhAnta hai / 13 (v) nyAya vidyA meM pramANa zabda mahatvapUrNa hai| isakI carcA ke badale umAsvAtipUrva sAhitya meM jJAna aura usake samyaktva yA mithyAtva kI hI carcA hai| pramANa zabda kI paribhASA bhI 'jJAnaM pramANaM' se lekara aneka bAra parivadhita huI hai / isakA vivaraNa dvivedI ne diyA hai / 14 (vi) hamane ardhapAlaka aura yApanIya AcAryoM ko apane garbha meM samAhita kiyA jinake siddhAnta tathAkathita mUla paraMparA se aneka bAtoM meM bhinna pAye jAte haiN| ye to saiddhAntika parivardhanoM kI sUcanAyeM haiN| ye hamAre dharma ke AdhArabhUta tathya rahe haiN| ina parivardhanoM ke pariprekSya meM hamArI zAstrIya mAnyatAoM kI aparivartanIyatA kA tarka kitanA saMgata hai, yaha vicAraNIya hai / munizrI ne isa samasyA ke samAdhAna ke liye zAstra aura grantha kI spaSTa paribhASA batAI hai| unake anusAra kevala adhyAtma vidyA hI zAstra hai jo aparivartanIya hai, unameM vidyamAna anya varNana grantha kI sImA meM Ate haiM aura ve parivardhanIya ho sakate haiN| zAstroM meM pUrvApara virodha zAstroM kI pramANatA ke liye pUrvApara-virodha kA abhAva bhI eka pramukha bauddhika kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| para yaha dekhA gayA hai ki aneka zAstroM ke aneka saMddhAntika vivaraNoM meM paraspara virodha to hai hI, eka hI zAstra ke vivaraNoM meM bhI visaMgatiyAM pAI jAtI haiN| paraMparApoSI TIkAkAroM ne aise virodhI upadezoM ko bhI grAhya batAyA hai| yaha to unhoMne svIkRta kiyA hai ki virodhI yA bhinna matoM meM se eka hI satya hogA, para vIrasena, vasunandi jaise TIkAkAra aura chadmasthoM meM satyAsatya nirNaya kI viveka kSamatA kahA~ ?15 ina virodhI vivaraNoM kI ora aneka vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa huA hai| sabase pahale hama mUla granthoM ke viSaya meM hI soNceN| sAraNI 2 se jJAta hotA hai ki kaSAya prAbhUta, mUlAcAra evaM kuMdakuMda sAhitya ke bhinna-bhinna TIkAkAroM ne tattat granthoM meM sUtra yA gAthA kI saMkhyAoM meM ekarUpatA hI nahIM paaii| isake aneka rUpa meM samAdhAna diye jAte haiN| isa bhinnatA kA sadbhAva hI inakI prAmANikatA kI jAMca ke liye prerita karatA hai| ye atirikta gAthAyeM kaise AI? kyoM hamane inako bhI prAmANika mAna liyA ? yahI nahIM, ina granthoM meM aneka gAthAoM kA punarAvartana hai jo grantha nirmANa prakriyA se pUrva paraMparAgata mAnI jAtI haiN| ye saMghabheda se pUrva kI hone ke kAraNa aneka zvetAMbara granthoM meM bhI pAI jAtI haiN| gAthAoM kA yaha antara anyonya virodha to mAnA hI jaavegaa| kUdakuMda-sAhitya ke vipatra meM to yaha aura bhI acarajakArI hai ki donoM TIkAkAra lagabhaga 100 varSa ke antarAla meM hI utpanna hue|

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100 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa grantha 1. kaSAya pAhur3a 2. kaSAya pAhuDacUNi 3. satprarUpaNA sUtra 4. mUlAcAra 5. samayasAra 6. paMcAstikAya 7. pravacanasAra 8. rayaNasAra sAraNI : 2 : kucha mUla granthoM kI gaathaa| sUtra saMkhyA gAthA saMkhyA, gAthA saMkhyA, prathama TIkAkAra dvitIya TIkAkAra 180 233 ( jaya dhavalA) 8000 zloka ( ti050) 7000 " 177 1252 ( vasunaMdi) 1409 ( medhacaMdra) 415 ( amRtacaMdra ) 445 ( jayasena) 173 191 275 155 167 - zAstroM meM saiddhAntika carcAoM ke virodho vivaraNa yaha vivaraNa do zIrSakoM meM diyA jA rahA hai : (i) eka hI prantha meM asaMgata carcA-mUlAcAra ke paryApti adhikAra kI gAthA 79-80 paraspara asaMgata haiM.5: gAthA 79 gAthA 80 saudharma svarga kI deviyoM kI utkRSTa Ayu 5 palya 5pa. IzAna svarga kI deviyoM kI utkRSTa Ayu 7 palya 5pa. sAnatkumAra svarga meM deviyoM ko utkRSTa Ayu 9 pa. 175. ghavakhA ke do prakaraNa16-(i) khuddaka bandhake alpa bahutva anuyoga dvAra meM vanaspati kAyika jIvoM kA pramANa sUtra 74 ke anusAra sUkSma vanaspati kAyika jIvoM se vizeSa adhika hotA hai jaba ki sUtra 75 ke anusAra sakSma vanaspati kAyika jIvoM kA pramANa vanaspati kAyika jIvoM se vizeSa adhika hotA hai| donoM kathana paraspara birodhI haiM / yahI nahIM, sUkSma vanaspati kAyika jIva aura sUkSma nigoda jIva vastutaH eka hI haiM, para inakA nirdeza pRthak-pRthak hai| (i) bhAgAbhAgAnugama anuyoga dvAra ke sUtra 34 ko vyAkhyA meM visagatiyoM ke liye vIrasena ne sujhAyA hai ki satyAsatya kA nirNaya Agama nipuNa loga hI kara sakate haiM / (ii) bhinna-bhinna granthoM meM asaMgata carcAyeM-(i) tIna vAtavalayoM kA vistAra yativRSama aura siMha sUrya ne alaga-alaga diyA hai: ( a ) triloka prajJapti meM kramazaH 11, 11 va 113 koza vistAra hai| ( ba ) loka vibhAga meM kramazaH 2, 1 koza, evaM 1575 dhanuSa vistAra hai / isI prakAra sAsAina guNasthAnavartI jIva ke punarjanma ke prakaraNa meM yativRSama niyama se use devagati hI pradAna karate haiM jaba ki kucha AcArya use ekendriyAdi jIvoM kI tithaMca gati pradAna karate haiN| uccAraNAcArya aura yativRSama ke

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2] Agama-tulya granthoM kI prAmANikatA kA mUlyAMkana 101 viSaya ke nirUpaNa ke antaroM ko vIrasena ne jayadhavalA meM nayavivakSA ke AdhAra para sulajhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai / isI prakAra, uccAraNAcArya kA yaha mata ki bAIsa prAkRtika vibhakti ke svAmI caturgatika jIva hote haiM-yativRSama ke kevala manuSya-svAmitva se mela nahIM khAtA / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM sAdhuoM ke 28 va 36 mUlaguNoM kI carcA ke samaya kahA hai, "prAkRta TIkAyAM tu aSTAviMzati gunnaaH| AcAravatvAyazcASTI-iti SaTtriMzat / " isI grantha meM 17 maraNa batAye hai para anya granthoM meM itanI saMkhyA nahIM batAI gaI hai|8 zAstrI ne batAyA hai ki 'SaTkhaMDAgama' aura kaSAyaprAbhUta' meM aneka tathyoM meM matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| isakA ullekha 'tantrAntara' zabda se kiyA gayA hai| unhoMne dhavalA, jayadhavalA evaM trilokaprajJapti ke aneka mAnyatA bhedoM kA bhI saMketa diyA hai| ina mAnyatA bhedoM ke rahate inakI prAmANikatA kA AdhAra kevala inakA aitihAsika pariprekSya hI mAnA jaavegaa| AcAra-vivaraNa saMbaMdhI visaMbatiyA~ zAstroM meM saiddhAntika carcAoM ke samAna AcAra-vivaraNa meM bhI visaMgatiyAM pAI jAtI haiN| inameM se kucha kA ullekha yahA~ kiyA jA rahA hai / zrAvaka ke ATha mUlaguNa--zrAvakoM ke mUlaguNoM kI varaMparA bAraha bratoM se arvAcIna hai| phira bhI, ise samantabhadra se to prArambha mAnA hI jA sakatA hai| inakI ATha kI saMkhyA meM kisa prakAra samaya-samaya para parivardhana evaM samAharaNa haA hai; yaha dekhiye :19 1. samantabhadra 2. AzAdhara 3. anya tIna makAra tyAga tIna makAra tyAga tIna makAra tyAga paMcANu brata pAlana paMcodumbara tyAga paMcodumbara tyAga, rAtri bhojana tyAga, devapUjA, jIvadayA, chanA jalapAna samayAnukUla svaicchika parivartanoM ko terahavIM sadI ke paNDita AzAdhara taka ne mAnya kiyA hai| yahA~ zAstrI * samantabhadra kI mUlaguNa-gAthA ko prakSipta mAnate haiM / bAIsa abhakSya-sAmAnya jaina zrAvaka tathA sAdhuoM ke AhAra se sambandhita bhakSyAmakSya vivaraNa meM dasavI sadI taka bAIsa abhakSyoM kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| malAcAra evaM AcArAMga ke anusAra, acita kiye gaye kandamUla, bahuvIjaka ( nirvIjita ) Adi kI bhakSyatA sAdhuoM ke liye varNita hai / 21 para unheM gRhasthoM ke liye bhakSya nahIM mAnA jaataa| vastutaH gRhastha hI apanI viziSTa caryA se sAdhupada kI ora bar3hatA hai, isa dRSTi se yaha virodhAbhAsa hI kahanA cAhiye / somadeva Adi ne bhI gRhasthoM ke liye prAsuka-aprAsuka kI sImA nahIM rkhii| saMbhavataH nemicaMdra sUri ke pravacana sArodAra27 meM aura bAda meM mAna vijaya gaNi ke dharmasaMgraha 28 meM dasavIM sadI aura usake bAda sarvaprathama vAisa amakSyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| digaMbara granthoM meM daulatarAma ke samaya hI 53 kriyAoM meM abhakSyoM kI saMkhyA bAIsa batAI gaI hai| phalataH bhakSyAbhakSya vicAra vikasita hote-hote dasavIM sadI ke bAda hI rUr3ha ho sakA hai| AhAra ke ghaTaka--makSya AhAra ke ghaTakoM meM bhI antara pAyA jAtA hai| mUlAcAra kI gAthA 822 meM AhAra ke chaha ghaTaka batAye gaye haiM jabaki gAthA 826 meM cAra ghaTaka hI batAye haiN| aise hI aneka tathyoM ke AdhAra para mUlAcAra kA saMgraha grantha mAnane kI bAta kahI jAtI hai|"

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102 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrA sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa zrAvaka ke vrata-kundakunda aura umAsvAti ke yuga se zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM kI paramparA calI A rahI hai| kundakunda ne sallekhanA ko inameM sthAna diyA hai para umAsvAti, samantabhadra aura AzAdhara ise pRthak kRtya ke rUpa meM mAnate haiN| isase bAraha vratoM ke nAmoM meM antara par3a gayA hai| inameM pAMca aNabrata to sabhI meM samAna haiM, para anya sAta zIloM ke nAmoM ke antara hai: (a) guNa vrata kundakunda uyAsvAti AzAghara, samantacadra dizA-vidizA pramANa digbata digvata anartha daNDa brata anartha daNDa vrata anartha daNDa vrata mogopabhoga parimANa dezabrata bhogopabhoga parimANa (ba) zikSA vrata kundakunda sAmAyika samantabhadra, AzAdhara sAmAyika umAsvAti sAmAyika somadeva sAmAyika proSadhopavAsa proSadhopavAsa proSadhopavAsa proSadhovapAsa atithi pUjyatA vaiyAvRtya atithi saMvibhAga vaiyAvRtya sallekhanA dezAvakAzika upabhoga paribhoga parimANa bhoga-parimoga parimANa yahA~ kundakunda aura umAsvAti kI paramparA spaSTa dRSTavya hai| adhikAMza uttaravartI AcAryoM ne umAsvAti kA mata mAnA hai| sAtha hI, bhogopayoga parimANa vrata ke aneka nAma hone se upabhoga zabda kI paribhASA bhI bhrAmaka ho gaI hai : samantabhadra pUjyapAda somadeva ekabAra sevya moga upabhoga moga bArabAra sevya upabhoga paribhoga parimoga zrAvaka kI pratimAyeM-zrAvaka se sAdhutva kI ora bar3hane ke liye gyAraha pratimAoM kI paramparA kundakunda yuga se hI hai| saMkhyA kI ekarUpatA ke bAvajUda bhI aneka ke nAmoM aura arthoM meM antara hai| sabase jyAdA matabheda chaThI pratimA ke nAma ko lekara hai| isake rAtribhukti tyAga ( kundakunda, samantabhadra ) evaM divAmaithuna tyAga (jinasena, AzAdhara ) nAma milate haiN| rAtribhuktityAga to punarAvRtti lagatI hai, yaha mUla guNa hai, Alokita pAna-mojana kA dUsarA rUpa hai / ataH paravartI dUsarA nAma adhika sArthaka hai| somadeva ne aneka pratimAoM ke naye nAma diye haiN| unhoMne 1 mUlabrata ( darzana ), 3 arcA ( sAmAyika ), 4 parva karma (proSadha ), 5 kRSikarma tyAga ( sacitta tyAga ), 8 sacitta tyAga ( parigraha tyAga ) ke nAma diye haiN| hemacandra ne bhI inameM parvakarma, prAsuka AhAra, samArambha tyAga, sAdhu nissaGgatA kA samAhAra kiyA hai / 22 sambhavataH ina donoM AcAryoM ne pratimA, brata va mUla guNoM ke nAmoM kI punarAvRtti dUra karane ke liye viziSTArthaka nAmakaraNa kiyA hai| yaha sarAhanIya hai| paramparApoSI yuga kI bAta bhI hai| bIsavI sadI meM muni kSIrasAgara ne bhI punarAvRtti doSa kA anubhava kara apanI ratnakara'zrAvakAcAra kI hindI TIkA meM 3 pUjana 4 svAdhyAya 7 pratikramaNa evaM 11 bhikSAhAra nAmaka pratimAoM kA samAhAra kiyA hai|23 para ina naye nAmoM ko mAnyatA nahIM milI hai|

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2] Agama-tulya granthoM kI prAmANikatA kA mUlyAMkana 103 vratoM ke atIcAra-zrAvakoM ke vratoM ke aneka atIcAroM meM bhI minnatA pAI gaI hai| jAti evaM varNa ko mAnyatA-ziddhAntazAstrI ne batAyA hai ki AcArya jinasena kI jainoM ke brAhmaNIkaraNa ko prakriyA usake pUrvavartI Agama sAhitya se samathita nahIM hotii| usake ziSya guNabhadra evaM vasunandi Adi uttaravartI AcArya bhI usakA samarthana nahIM karate / 26 bhautika jagata ke varNana meM visaMgatiyA~ : vartamAna kAla bhautika jagata ke antargata jIvAdi chaha dravmoM kA varNana samAhita hai| umAsvAti ne "upayogo lakSaNaM" kahakara jIva ko paribhASita kiyA hai| para zAstroM ke anusAra, upayoga kI paribhASA meM jJAna, darzana ke sAtha-sAtha sukha aura vIrya kA bhI uttarakAla meM samAveza kiyA gyaa| aneka granthoM meM upayoga aura cetanA zabdoM ko pRthak-pRthaka bhI batAyA gayA hai| isakA samAdhAna kSamatA evaM kriyAtmaka rUpa se kiyA jAtA hai / 24 iso prakAra, jIvotpatti ke viSaya meM bhI vikalendriya jIvoM taka kI sammUrchanatA vicAraNIya hai jaba ki bhadrabAhu caturdaza pUrvapara ne kalpasUtra meM makkhI, makar3I, pipIlikA, khaTamala Adi ko aNDaja batAyA hai| nizcaya-vyavahAra kI carcA se yaha prayoga-sApekSa prazna samAdheya nahIM dikhtaa| ajIva ko pudgala zabda se amilakSaNita karane kI sUkSmatA ke vAvajUda bhI usake bheda-prabhedoM kA cakSu kI sthUlagrAhyatA tathA anya indriyoM kI sUkSma prAhitA ke AdhAra para varNana Aja kI dRSTi se kucha asaMgata-sA lagatA hai / padArtha ke aNuskandha rUpoM kI yA vargaNAoM kI carcA kuMdakuMda yuga se pUrva kI hai| para kuMdakuMda ne sarvaprathama cakSu-dRzyatA ke AdhAra para skaMdhoM ke chaha bheda kiye haiN| unhoMne AkAra kI sthUlatA ko dRzya mAnA aura cakSuSA-adRzya padArthoM ko sUkSma maanaa| isa prakAra USmA, prakAza Adi UrjAyeM tRtIya koTi ( sthUla-sUkSma ) aura vAyu Adi gaisa, gandha va rasavAn padArtha ( sUkSma-sthUla ) caturtha koTi ( sUkSmatara ) meM A gye| durbhAgya se dhvani UrjA karNa-gocara hone se prakAza-Adi se sukSmatara ho gii| dhavalA-vaNita vargaNA-krama vardhamAna sthUlatA para AdhArita lagatA hai para usakA krama aNu-AhAra-taijasa-bhASA-manakArmaNa zarIra-pratyeka zarIra bAdara nigoda-sUkSma nigoda-vargaNAoM kA krama visaMgata lagatA hai| tejasa zarIra se kArmaNa zarIra sUkSmatara batAyA gayA hai, tejasa ( UrjAyeM ) evaM dhvani AhAra-aNuoM se sUkSmatara hotI haiM, sUkSma nigoda bAdara nigoda se sUkSmatara honA cAhiye tathA mana, yadi dravyamana ( mastiSka ) hai, to vaha pratyeka zarIra se bhI sthUlatara hotA hai| jainoM kA paramANuoM ke bandha saMbaMdhI niyamoM kA vidyut guNoM ke AdhAra para vivaraNa abhUtapUrva hai| para yaha vivaraNa akriya gaisoM ke yaugikoM ke nirmANa, upasaha-saMyojI yaugikoM tathA saMkula lavaNoM ke saMmavana se saMzodhanIya ho gayA hai| zAstrI25 ne ina niyamoM kI zAstrIya vyAkhyA meM bhI TIkAkAra-kRta antara batAyA hai / jaina, muni vijaya Adi aneka vidvAn vibhinna vyAkhyAoM se ina zAstrIya mAnyatAoM ko ho satya pramANita karane kA yatna karate haiN| parantu unheM taijasa vargaNA aura namI vargaNA ke AkAroM kI sthUlatA ke antara ko mAnasika nahIM banAnA caahiye| unheM garbhaja (saliMgI ) prajanana ko aliMgI-sammUrchana prajanana ke samakakSa bhI nahIM mAnanA cAhiye / upasaMhAra uparokta vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki SaTkhaMDAgama, kaSAyapAhur3a, kuMdakuMda, umAsvAti tathA uttaravartI cUNi-TIkAkAroM ke granthoM ke sAmAnya antaH parIkSaNa ke kucha uparokta udAharaNoM se nimna tathya bhalI bhA~ti spaSTa hote haiM :

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104 paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa (i) ina granthoM kA nirmANa IsApUrva prathama sadI se terahavoM sadI ke bIca huA hai| inake lekhaka na sarvajJa the, na gaNadhara hI, ve ArAtIya the| (ii) ina granthoM ke Agama-tulya ataeva prAmANika mAne jAne ke jo do zAstrIya AdhAra haiM, ve ina para pUrNatayA lAgU nahIM hote| ( iii ) AcArya kuMdakaMda kA adhyAtmavAdI sAhitya amRtacandra evaM jayasena ( 10-12 vI sadI ) ke pUrva prabhAvazAlI nahIM bana sakA / phira bhI, isakI aitihAsika mahattA mAnI gii| isI se unheM svAdhyAya ke maMgala meM gautama gaNavara ke bAda sthAna milA / yaha maMgala zloka kaba pracalana meM AyA, isakA ullekha nahIM milatA, para isameM bhadrabAhu jaise aMga-pUrva dhAriyoM taka ko anadekhA kiyA gayA hai, yaha acarajakArI bAta avazya hai| para isase bhI acaraja kI bAta yaha hai ki adhikAMza uttaravartI AcAryoM ne unake badale umAsvAti kI mAnyatAoM ko upayogI mAnA / yahI kAraNa hai ki jaba solahavIM sadI meM punaH banArasIdAsa ne ise pratiSThA dI, taba paMthabheda huaa| aba bIsavIM sadI meM bhI aisI hI saMbhAvanA dikhatI hai / ( iv ) ina granthoM meM varNita aneka vicAra aura mAnyatAyeM uttarakAla meM vikasita, saMzodhita aura parivardhita huI haiM / (v ) inameM varNita aneka AcAra-paraka vivaraNoM kA bhI uttarottara vikAsa aura saMzodhana huA hai / .. (vi ) aneka granthoM meM svayaM evaM paraspara visaMgata varNana pAye jAte haiN| inake samAdhAna kI "dvAvapi upadezI grAhyo" kI paddhati tarkasaMgata nahIM hai| inake bhautika jagata saMbaMdhI aneka vivaraNoM meM vartamAna kI dRSTi se prayoga-pramANa-bAdhakatA pratIta hotI hai| (viii) AzAdhara ke uttaravartI AcAryoM ne aneka pUrvavartI AcAryoM kI mAnyatAoM ko apanI ruci ke anusAra apane granthoM meM svIkRta kiyA hai| pApabhIrutA, pratimA kI kamI tathA rAjanItika asthiratA ne inheM sthira aura rUr3ha mAna liyA gyaa| ( ix ) prAcIna AcAryoM ne evaM TIkAkAroM ne apane apane samaya meM AcAra evaM vicAra pakSoM kI aneka pUrva mAnyatAoM kA saMrakSaNa, poSaNa va vikAsa kiyA hai| ataH sabhI zAstrIya mAnyatAoM kI aparivartanIyatA kI dhAraNA Thosa tathyoM para AdhArita nahIM hai| (x ) isa aparivartanIyatA kI dhAraNA ke AdhAra para prayogasiddha vaijJAnika tathyoM kI upekSA yA kATa kI pravRtti hamAre jJAna pravAha kI garimA ke anurUpa nahIM hai / ataH hameM apane zAstrIya varNanoM, vicAroM kI parIkSA kara unakI prAmANikatA kA aMkana karanA cAhiye jaisA vaijJAnika karate haiM / isa parIkSaNa vidhi kA sUcapAta AcArya samaMtabhadra, akalaMka Adi ne sadiyoM pUrva kiyA thaa| vartamAna buddhivAdI yuga parIkSaNa janya samIcInatA ke AdhAra para hI AsthAvAna bana skegaa| AcArya kuMdakuMda bhI yaha nirdiSTa karate haiN| saMdarbha 1. mAlavaNiyA, dalasukha; paM0 ke0 caM0 zAstrI abhi0 grantha, 1980, peja 138 2. muni naMdighoSa; tIrthakara, 17, 3-4, 1987, peja 63 3. jyotiSAcArya nemicandra; tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paraMparA-3, vidvat pariSad, dillI, 1974, pe0 296 4. ArthikA jJAnamanI jI; mUlAcAra kA Adya upodghAta-1, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1984, peja 18

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Agama-tulya granthoM kI prAmANikatA kA mUlyAMkana 105 5. jyotiSAcArya, nemicandra, mahAvIra aura unako AcArya paramparA-2, pUrvokta, 1974, peja 25 / 6. upAdhyAya, amara muni; paNNA samikkhae dhamma-2, vIrAyatana, rAjagira, 1987 / 7. dekhiye nirdeza 5 peja 8, peja 19 / 8. AcArya vaTTakera; mUlAcAra --1, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1984, peja 132 / 9. dekhiye nirdeza 5 peja 28-169 / 10. saMnyAsI rAma; 'dhamaNa' pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, kAzI, 38, 6, 1987 peja 27; 38, 6, 1987, peja 27 / / 11. nIraja jaina; 'jaina gajaTa' ( sAptAhika ), 92, 41-42, 1987, peja 10 / 12. dekhiye nirdeza 5 peja 77 / 13. nyAyAcArya, mahendrakumAra; jaina darzana, varNI granthamAlA, kAzI, 1966, peja 268 / 14. dvivedI, Ara0 sI0; kanTrIbyUzana oNva jainijma dU iNDiyana kalcara, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1975, peja 156 / 15. dekhiye nirdeza 4 peja 17 / 16. dekhiye nirdeza 5 peja 327-28, 84-85, 87 / 17. AcArya puSyadanta; satprarUpaNA sUtra, varNI granthamAlA, kAzI, 1971, peja 115 / 18. zivArya, AcArya; bhagavatI ArAdhanA-1, jIvarAja granthamAthA, zolApura, 1978, peja 126 / 19. mAzAdhara, paMDita; sAgAra dharmAbhRta, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1978, peja 43,63 / 20. dekhiye nirdeza 5 peja 193 / 21. AcArya baTTakera; mUlAcAra-2, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1986, peja 66-68 / 22. dekhiye nirdeza 19 peja 33 / 23. muni kSIrasAgara, ratnakaraMDa-zrAvakAcAra, hindI TokA, esa0 ela0 TrasTa, vidizA, 1951 / 24. jaina, esa0 sI0; sTrakcara eNDa phaMkzana oNva sola ina jainijma, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1974 / 25. siddhAntazAstrI, phUlacandra ( TIkAkAra); tattvArthasUtra, vaNI granyamAlA, kAzI, 1949, peja 262 / 26. siddhAntazAstrI, phUlacandra; varNa, jAti aura dharma, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1963, peja 178 / 27. nemicaMdra sUri; pravacana sAroddhAra, jaina pustakoddhAra saMsthA, baMbaI, 1922, peja 58 / 28. mAnavijaya gaNi; dharmasaMgraha, amRtalAla jayasiMha bhAI, ahamadAbAda, 1955, peja 199 /

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paM. mANikacaMdra zivalAla zahA, kuMbhoja racita sapAdazatakadvaya paramAtmastotra bra mANikacaMdra cavare, jaina gurukula, kAraMjA ( mahArASTra) "samaya-prAbhUta" AcArya ziromaNi prAtaHsmaraNIya kuMdakuMda bhagavAna ke graMtharatnoM meM prabhApuMja merumaNi hai jisameM svarUpa-sundara ciddhana rUpa Atmatatva kI lokottama prabhA kA pUrNarUpa se sAkSAtkAra hotA hai, dRSTisaMpanna mumukSuoM ko AtmakalA meM paripUrNa yathAvat Atmadarzana hotA hai| isameM bhagavAn paraMparA se prApta upadeza svayaMpUrNa maNirUpa gAthAgAthA meM yathAvat aMkita hai| isI kAraNa yaha prAbhUta viSayaprAmANya ke zuddharasa se svayaM atyaMta samRddha hai| granthAntargata viSaya jIvana ke lie atyAvazyaka zvAsochvAsa se bhI adhika mAtrA meM apanI mahattA rakhatA hai| isa kalikAla meM mokSamArga ke prAmANika sAdhakoM kA yaha ekamAtra paramabhAgya hai ki unake lie yaha durlabha ciMtAmaNi ratna kA akhaNDa prakAza Aja bhI upalabdha hai| AcAryapravara amRtacaMdrajI kA samayaprAbhRta para svanAmadhanya "AtmakhyAti" bhASya bhI gAthAratnoM ke lie ratnakhacita su-varNa kA sundaratama kundana bana gayA hai| gUr3ha viSaya sarvatra spaSTa pratibhAsita hotA hai| AcArya kA jaisA bhAvoM ke Upara nirbAdha adhikAra hai, usI prakAra AcAryazrI kI svabhAvasundara sAlaMkAra bhASA bhI sarvatra bhAvapUjA ke lie sAvadhAna samarpita hai| yaha viSaya ke sAtha Adi se anta taka ekarasa ekaniSTha hai mAno cidAnanda prabhu ko amRtarasa se pUrNa amRtakuMbhoM ke dvArA abhiSeka karatI hai| susvara dhvani se gAna karatI ho, use kahIM kiMcit bhI thakAna nahIM hai| pada-pada para bhASA-devatA ne zabdaratnoM ke dvArA bhAvaratna kI jo alaukika pUjA kI, gadya-padya meM Atmaprabhu kA jo lokottama guNagAna kiyA, vaha bhI tAlabaddha nRtya ke sAtha sumadhura hone se atIva manohArI ho gayA hai| saMkSepa meM yahI kaha sakate haiM ki yahA~ zabdabrahma kA parabrahma ke sAtha aTUTa gAr3ha AliMgana hai| aisA lagatA hai ki samarpita zabdabrahma parabrahma ke sparza se sajIva ho gayA hai aura nirAkAra parabrahma sAkAra ho gayA hai, amRtika TaMkotkIrNa mUrtimAna ho gayA hai| RddhiprApta indra bhagavAna ke darzana ke lie hajAra netra banAtA hai, taba saMtoSa ko prApta hotA hai / parantu AcArya amRta vandra kI asAdhAraNa pratimA zabdasAgara kA maMthana karake prApta bhAvagrAhI, arthavAhI hajAroM zabdoM ke dvArA nirantara bhAvapUrNa Atmadarzana karAtI huI aghAto nhiiN| "eka" zabda kA sAtasau se adhikabAra sAhasa meM nirdvandva hokara yathArtha artha meM prayoga karake bhagavAn kI OMkAra dhvani ke sAtha jo krIr3A huI, vaha zabdazakti kA apUrva vikAsa mAnanA hogaa| AcArya amRtavandra kA adhyAtma sAhitya paramAtmatasva kA sAkSAtkAra karAne meM samartha hajAroM zabdaratnoM kA zAntarasa se bharApUrA gambhIra ratnAkara hI haiM / dazA kalaza dekhiye :

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paM0 mANikacaMdra zivalAla zahA, kuMbhoja racita sapAdazatakadvaya paramAtmastotra 117 AtmasvabhAvaM parabhAva-bhinnamApUrNamAdyanna-vimuktamekam / vilIna-saMkalpa-vikalpajAlaM prakAzayan zuddhanayo'bhyudeti // 10 // isameM samAgata pratyeka pada AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa ko dikhAne meM samartha hai, vaha vizeSaNa ho athavA vizeSya ho / kriyAvAcaka pada bhI zuddhasvarUpa kA darzaka ho gayA hai| isI prakAra, samayaprAbhUta kI tihattaravI gAthA kA adbhuta bhASya kevala nava paMkti kA hai, jo paramAtmavAcaka paitAlIsa zabdaratnoM se kalApUrNataH khacita hai| prathama paMkti kA to pratyeka zabda sAnidhya arthavAhI hai| bhASya ko racanA SaTkAraka rUpa se, sAyasAdhaka-donoM rUpa se, dRSTAnta rUpa se bhI zuddhAtmadarzI yatratatra sarvatra zabda brahma kA sahaja rUpa dhAraNa karatI huI dRSTiprApta ko parabrahma kA sAkSAtkAra karAne meM samartha ho gayI hai| zabdasAgara ke zabdaratnoM kA puNyasmaraNa karake bra050 mANikacanda zivalAla zahA ne 225 zabdoM kA "sapAvazatakadvadha-paramAtmastotra" banAyA hai use yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / sapAdazataka-dvaya paramAtmastotra anuSTup chaMda yasya tIrthe vayaM sarve, nivasAmo'tra bhArate / / taM vande zrI mahAvIraM, kevalajJAna-locanam // 1 // AcArya-kundakundAkhera, raciteSu vizeSataH / / samaye vA'nyagrantheSu, paramAtma-nidarzakAH // 2 // dRzyante vividhAH zabdA, bhAvapUrNAzca maMgalAH / Atmabodhaka dhanyAnstAn, vakSye'haM susamAsataH // yugamam / / paramAtmA'ntarAtmA'tsau, sarvopama-vilakSaNaH / siddhaH sAdhyo dhruvo nityaH, svabhAvo vibhavo'navaH // 4 // anAdinidhano zuddhazcAmanda saMvidAtmakaH / svabhAvabhAvabhUtaH sannamandAnandanirbharaH / / 5 / / nilonajJAnatattvaH sa, sarvarAga-prahAyakaH / nityadyotaH svataH siddho, jJAyakaH zrutakevalI // 6 // caitanyazcetano dharmI, niHprakampa prakAzakaH / zAntamohaH paraMjyotiH, sAdhya-sAdhakarUpakaH / / 7 // vivikto nirmalo bhUto, vijJAnI kevalI muniH / nistaraMga caitanya upAyopeya-bhAvakaH // 8 //

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108 0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhubAda grantha akampa - bhUmikAlAbhaH, yatiH paramaniHspRhaH / jJAnavairAgya sampannaH, svayaMvedyo'ti nizcalaH / saMyato jJAyako mukto, dhIraH saMvedakaH pumAn // 10 // hAnopadAnazUnyakaH / labdhavarNaH svataH siddho vizvajJeya prakAzakaH // 11 // bhedavijJAna-mUlakaH / jJAnabhUto jagatsAkSI, pratibuddhaH svayaMbuddhaH kSINamamohazca zAzvataH // 12 // vivecakaH / anekAntamayI mUrtibhinna-dhAmno sarvabhAvAntaradhvaMsI, vimuktaH samayaH zivaH // 13 // bhUtArthadarzI bhUtArthaH, samyagdRSTi rakhaNDitaH / avabodhadhano vyaktazciducchala -nirbharaH // 14 // zaddha - ciddhanasAgaraH | nIrUpo bhagavAndevaH, vijJAtA nirmamo draSTA, jJAnodyotazcidanvayaH / / 15 / / dravyatvenAbhisambaddho, AtmatRpto'napAyI yo, jitamoho jitendriyaH // 9 // sArvaH zuddhanayAyattaH pratyagjyotiranAkulaH / nityodyota jJeyajJAyaka uttamaH / sarvabhAvAntaradhvaMsI, jJAnodyotaH sa pratyakSo, bhedabhAva vinAzakaH / amoghajJAnasAmarthyaH, upAdeyo'sAdhAraNalakSaNaH // 16 // jJAnAtmA jJAnabhUtazca karmamokSanimittakaH / / 17 / / atinirmalacinmAtro, jJAnadarzana lakSaNaH // 18 // saMvedyaH paramezvaraH / samastasaMga nirmuktaH, purANo nirvikalpakaH // 19 // bhAvako jJAna-nirvRto, nizcalatvamupAgataH / bhAvyo jJAnamayIbhUtastattvavedI nirAsravaH // 20 // AdimadhyAnta-nirmuktaH svabhAvodbhAsakaH kRtI | udAttacitta apUrNazcinmAtrazcetako vibhuH // 21 // ananto niyato'nantaH pRthag-nityavya sthitaH / trisvabhAvo'nubhUtyAtmA jJAnajyotiramecakaH // 22 // svAtmArAmaH parAtmA ca nijabodha-kalAbalaH / samyagdRgAtmazaktiryo, nityavyakto'ti nistuSaH // 23 // [ khaNDa

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paM0 mANikacaMdra zivalAla zahA, kuMbhoja racita sapAdazatakadvaya paramAtmastotra 109 vRtta-AryA AtmasvabhAvabhUtaH, smstbhaavaantr-prigrh-rhitH| . zuddhanayo niravadyo, jJAnaghano pudgalAspRzyaH // 24 // bhUtArthenAbhigataH satatavivikto nirstsmmohH| zaddhasvabhAva-niyataH svakarmaphalacetanAzUnyaH / / 25 / / AdAnojjhanazUnyo, vizrAnta-samasta-vikalpa-vyApAraH / sakalanayapakSAkSuNNaH sarvanayapakSa-parihInaH / / 26 / / agurulaghuguNapariNAmo, vilInamohaH svbhaavniytshc| saptabhayavipramuktazcetayitA rAgarasa-riktaH // 27 // samyaka-svaparavivekaH, sambhava-parivajitaH pricchettaa|| askhalita-vimala-bhAvo'kampapravRtta-nirmalA'lokaH // 28 // sakalapuruSArthasAraH, parAnapekSaH sarvalokapati-mahitaH / ___citapariNamana-svabhAvaH prauDhaviveko jagaccakSuH / / 29 // nizcitasvaparavivekaH, svaparaparicchedakaH paraMjyotiH / paramaH paramavizuddhaSTakotkIrNo viviktAtmA // 30 // durnayapakSAkSuNNazcAtmAnubhavAnubhAva-vivazazca / zuddhasvabhAva-mahimA, prazamarasazcit-prakAzarUpazca / / 31 // yo niyatavRttirUpo, dhIrodAttaH svarUpavizrAntaH / _ arthakriyAsamartho, nikhilarasAntara-viviktazca // 32 // caitanya camatkAraH, pratibhAsamayo vizaddha-pariNAmaH / svarasAbhiSikta-bhuvanaH, sarva-vizuddhazca niSkAMkSaH // 33 // antaH-prakAzamAnaH, paricita-tattvaH svarasa rabhasa kRSTaH / atisUkSma-cit-svabhAvaH, sakalavyaktaH svataMtrazca / / 34 / / paryAyA'saMkIrNo, bhaMgavihInaH svarUpa-niSThazca / paradravyA'saMpRkto vicitrabhAvasvabhAvazca // 35 // vRtta-zArdUlavikrIDitam cinmudrAMkita-nivibhAgamahimA, dRgjJaptirUpaH prabhuH / __ caitanyAmRtapUrapUrNa-mahimA, caitanya-ratnAkaraH / naiSkarmya-pranibaddhamuddhata-raso bhrshydvishessodyH| nirbhedodita vedyavedakabalaM zcinmAtrazaktiH paraH / / 36 //

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aMgrejI nibandhoM kA hindI sAra 1. apekSAvAva aura usakA vyAvahArika svarUpa -- DA0 DI0 sI0 jaina, nyUyArka, yU0 esa0 e0 sApekSatAvAda vividha prakAra ke dRSTikoNoM ke prati sahiSNutA, samanvaya, tarkasaMgati evaM ahiMsaka bhAvanA kA preraka hai| yaha vyAvahArika jIvana ko sukha-zAntimaya banAne kA yatna hai| yaha hameM vibhinna jaTila avasaroM para tarkasaMgata nirNaya lene kI kSamatA pradAna karatA hai / isake sAta rUpa hai / ye vibhinna vAstavikatAoM ke paraspara virodho-se guNa paryAyoM kI samucita vyAkhyA karate haiM / yaha virodha pratIti dRSTikoNa sApekSa hai| lekhaka ne vidyuta Aveza dvArA cumbakIya kSetra kI utpatti, prakAza UrjA ke taraMkaNI rUpa, prAyikatA kI dhAraNA, sUkSma kaNoM ke guNoM kA anizcAyaka nirUpaNa Adi ke samAna jaTila prAkRtika para vaijJAnikataH nirIkSita pariNAmoM kI sApekSatAvAda ke AdhAra para vyAkhyA karate hue yaha prazna uThAyA hai ki yaha hamAre dhArmika jIvana meM kisa prakAra upayogI hai / isake AdhAra para unhoMne naI pIr3hI ke samakSa prastuta kucha prArUpika samasyAoM ke samAdhAna bhI diye haiM / vardhamAna saMgharSazIla jagata meM dharma donoM ora se piTa rahA hai| isa para AsthA rakhane ke liye samanvaya evaM virodhi-samAgama mUlaka apekSAvAda kI Aja mahatI AvazyakatA hai| anya dharmoM kI tulanA meM jaina-dharma kI moha-karma dUra kara sadRSTi ke liye prayatnazIla banAne kI vizeSatA isakI vyAvahArikatA kI preraNA hai / yaha pUrva-pazcima kI pravRttiyoM ke AbhAsI virodha ko tarkasaMgata rUpa se zamana kara tadanurUpa pravatti meM bhI sahAyaka hai| 2. pUrva aura pazcima ke dArzanika dRSTikoNoM kA vizleSaNa evaM mUlyAMkana DA0 DonAlDa eca0 vizapa, pulamaina, yU0 esa0 e0 pAzcAtya dArzanika dRSTikoNa ke mUlabhUta AdhAra dvaMdvAtmakatA, dvatarUpatA, indriyajJAna evaM tarkasaMgati haiN| ye vargIkaraNa, vibhedana, viruddhattva evaM vizeSattva kI dhAraNAoM ko pratiphalita karate haiN| ina AdhAroM para pazcimI darzana sabhI vastuoM ko bhautika, yAMtrika evaM indriya yA yantragamya mAnatA hai / ye jJeya hai, vargIkRtya hai aura phalataH sakArAtmakataH varNanIya haiN| isase vizva kI bhautika jAgRti huI hai| para ina dhAraNAoM se manuSya ne apanI AtmA lupta kara dI hai, ye mAnava kA satyAnAzaM bhI kara sakatI haiN| ___isake viparyAsa meM, pUrvI darzanoM meM vividhatA adhika hai| cInI darzana ke yAMga aura yina apavarjanA-rahita hai, locadAra haiM / anya darzana bhI bahuvicAravAdI haiN| inameM jaina darzana sarvotkRSTa udAharaNa prastuta karatA hai| vaha bahutvavAdI hai para usakA yaha spaSTa mata hai ki pariveza kI vividhatA se vAstavikatA ke viSaya meM nirapekSa dhAraNA asaMbhava hai / aneka pI darzanoM meM samaveditA kI dhAraNA bhI hai jisakA eka rUpa advaitavAda hai| eka ora jainoM kA anekAntavAda nirapekSa jJAna kI sambhAvanA ko nirasta karatA hai, vahIM vaha sarvacaitanyavAda kI prasthApanA karatA hai| yaha pazcima ke upayogitAvAdI dRSTikoNa ke viparIta hai| pUrvI darzanoM meM mAnava aura prakRti ke sambandha bhI, pAzcAtyoM se, viparIta hai / jahA~ pazcima mAnava ko prakRti kA svAmI mAnatA hai, vahIM pUrvI darzana svayaM ko prakRti kA eka ghaTaka mAnatA hai| vaha prakRti ko asIma ataH pUrNataH jJeya nahIM mAna paataa| phalataH vaha usake prati sahRdaya banA huA hai| ina AbhAsI virodhoM ke bAvajUda bhI Aja kA darzana vividhatA ataeva zAnti kI bahu-sambhAvyatA kI svIkRti kI ora unmukha hai|

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khaMDa 3 dhyAna aura yoga : vividhA

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sIsaM jahA sarIrassa, jahA mUlaM dumassa ya / savvassa sAdhudhammassa, tahA jhANaM vidhIyate // samaNamuttaM, 484 itazca svAdhyAyAdaharahara vizrAMtavihitAt / paridhAMto'tyaMtaM yadi bhavati vizrAmyatu tadA // bahirjalpaM muktvA zamasalilaniSpaMdaziziraM / munirvyAnaM dhArAgRhamiva sukhAya pravizatu // kumAra kavi

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dhyAna kA zAstrIya nirUpaNa ena0 ela0 jaina jaina kendra, rIvA, ma0pra0 prastAvanA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke vaijJAnika yuga meM samAna vicAroM, dhArAoM evaM paddhatiyoM kI pArabhASika zabdAvalI kI vividhatA jijJAsuoM ke adhyayana ke samaya eka vyavadhAna ke rUpa meM sAmane AtI hai| satrahavIM-aThArahavIM sadI meM yaha pAyA gayA ki jJAna ke vikAsa kI samagra pragati kI dara isase paryApta rUpa meM prabhAvita hotI hai| vaijJAnikoM ne to pAribhASika zabdAvalI kI ekarUpatA kA vikAsa kara apanI pragati meM cAra cA~da lagAye haiM, para dArzanikoM evaM pUrvI vidvAnoM kI bAta nirAlI hai / unheM vividha rUpatA meM hI ekarUtA ke darzana hote haiM cAhe vaha sAmAnya jana ke liye kitanI hI abodhagamya kyoM na pratIta hotI hoN| yahI kAraNa hai ki jahA~ vaijJAnika jagata vizva maMca para vikasita ho rahA hai, vahI dArzanika maMca yathAsthiti meM par3A hai| isIliye bhAratIya dharma aura darzana aitihAsika adhika hote jA rahe haiN| yaha tathya dhyAna ke nirUpaNa se bhI bhalIbhAMti prakaTa hotA hai| yaha prasannatA kI bAta hai ki bIsavIM sadI meM isa dizA meM vicArAtmaka evaM prakriyAtmaka vikAsa ke kucha lakSaNa dikhAI de rahe haiN| yaha sujJAta hai ki hindU, jaina aura bauddha vicAra dhArA meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa, carama sukha kI prApti yA nirvANa ke liye dhyAna eka Avazyaka prakriyA hai| yaha vyakti kI vahirmukhI dRSTi ko antarmukhI banAtA hai / use udAsIna dRSTA banAkara sukhAnubhUti kA mArga prazasta karanA hai| para prArambhika jaina zAstroM meM ise loka vipazyanA (zarIra darzana yA zodhana) yA saMprekSA ke nAma se batAyA gayA hai| bauddhoM ne ise vipazyanA yA samAdhi kahA hai| yogazAstra ise dhyAna yoga tA hai| yadyapi sAmAnya jana ko yoga, dhyAna evaM samAdhi jaise zabda samAnArthaka se lagate haiM, para zAstroM meM inake bhinna-bhinna artha haiN| siddha sena gaNi ne yoga ke chaha paryAyavAcI batAye haiM jinameM dhyAna aura samAdhi bhI samAhita hai| sAmAnyataH dhyAna yoga kA eka aMga hai aura usase samAdhi yA sthitaprajJatA AtI hai| phalataH yoga dhyAna aura samAdhi ko samAhita karatA hai| yoga zabda kA artha yoga zabda kA pAribhASika artha pratyeka vicAra dhArA meM bhinna hai| jaina ise mana, vacana va zarIra kI kriyAoM, pravRttiyoM ke yA Asrava ke rUpa meM batAte haiN| isake ThIka viparIta, yogazAstra ise citta kI vRttiyoM ke nirodha yA kendraNa ke rUpa meM vyakta karate haiN| bauddha mana, vacana, kAya ke sa-sthita hone se prApta bodha ko yoga kahate haiN| yahI nahIM. jainoM ke prAcIna granthoM meM bhI isa zabda ke aneka artha milate haiN| zivAyaM ke TIkAkAra ne isakA artha kAyakleza, tapa aura dhyAna kiyA hai| sUtra kRtAMga,samavAyAMga, dazavakAlika, uttarAdhyayana va Avazyaka sUtra meM bhI aneka arthoM meM isakA upayoga hai| arthApatti se hI hama isakA sahI artha mAna sakate haiN|

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114 paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa vyAkaraNa ke anusAra bhI, 'yujira' aura 'yuj' dhAtu se bananevAle yoga zabda ke do artha hote haiM inameM se eka artha to samAdhi hotA hai| para sAmAnya vyavahAra meM yoga zabda jor3a, milana, bandhana, saMyoga Adi kI bhautika kriyAoM kA nirUpaka hai| isa daSTi se jaina-sammata artha adhika upayukta pratIta hotA hai| yoga kA eka anya artha jotanA bhI hai jisake binA acchI AdhyAtmika pragati na ho ske| sAraNI meM vibhinna bhAratIya paddhatiyoM meM yoga zabda ke artha diye gaye haiN| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki yoga zabda kI arthayAtrA AdhyAtmika vicAra dhArA ke vikAsa ke sAtha bhautika kriyAoM se prArambha hokara AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI prakriyAoM meM vilIna hotI hai| isIliye jainoM ne pratyeka tattva ko bhautika (dravya) aura AdhyAtmika (bhAva) rUpa meM vargIkRta kara vivaraNa diye haiN| saarnnii| se spaSTa hai ki anya paddhatiyoM meM, paddhati samakakSa pAribhASika zabda veda upaniSad gItA yoga darzana bauddha jaina sAraNI 1 : yoga zabda ke artha artha jor3anA, indriya vRtti, indriya niyantraNa brahma se sAkSAtkAra karAne vAlI kriyA karma karane kI kuzalatA citta vRtti nirodha bodhi prApti (i) mana, vacana, zarIra kI pravRtti (ii) AtmAzaktivikAsI kriyA (haribhadra) jor3anA, samAdhi, jotanA yoga yoga, karmayoga yoga samAdhi yoga, Asrava yoga, samAdhi, dhyAna vyAkaraNa goga zabda kA artha jainoM kI mUla mAnyatA se bhinna hai| uttaravartI jainAcAryoM ne artha-samakakSatA pradAna kI hai| sAmAnya jana meM bhI yahI artha rUr3ha hai| isake mUla artha kA adhyAtmIkaraNa ho gayA hai aura ise AtmA-paramAtmA ke milana ke rUpa meM taka prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai| yaha svAbhAvika hai ki yoga kA RNAtmaka (vibhedAtmaka) artha bhI pAyA jaave| isaliye bahirmukhI dRSTi ke nirodha aura antarmukhI dRSTi kI jAgRti ke rUpa meM ise vyakta kiyA jAtA hai| vastutaH yoga abhyAsa se zarIra, vacana evaM mana ke dUSita mala bAhara ho jAte haiM aura antarmukhI UrjA prakaTa hotI hai / isake viparyAsa meM, yogI zabda kA artha prAyaH sabhI paddhatiyoM meM ekasA hI mAnA jAtA hai| yaha eka vizeSa prakAra ke a-sAmAnya evaM AdhyAtmika zakti sampanna vyaktitva kA nirUpaka hai| yoga ke samAna hI saMyama zabda bhI hai| yoga darzana meM isakA artha dhAraNA, dhyAna evaM samAdhi kI zrayo se liyA jAtA hai| jaina darzana meM samyak prakAra se vratAdi ke pAlana ke liye indriya evaM prANiyoM kI pIr3A ke parihAra ke prayala se liyA jAtA hai| bauddha ke yahA~ yaha 'zIla' ho jAtA hai| phira bhI, yaha sabhI jAnate haiM ki saMyama aura yoga paraspara sambandhita hai| dhyAna bhI isI prakAra kA eka mahatvapUrNa zabda hai| bauddha darzana meM zola, samAdhi evaM prajJA kI trayo meM dhyAna aura samAdhi samAnArthaka Thaharate haiN| yoga darzana meM dhyAna samagra aSTAMga yoga kA eka ucca starIya ghaTaka hai| jaina darzana meM yaha saMvara evaM nirjarA kA eka ghaTaka hai| dhyAna ko ekAlambanI citta vRtti yA citta vRtti ko ekatAnatA kI paribhASA se pataMjala yoga tathA jaina saMvara-nirjarA prAyaH samAnArthI lagate haiN| para inake aneka vivaraNoM meM bhinnatA pAI jAtI hai| isa bhinnatA ke bAvajUda bhI donoM ke pariNAma eka samAna hote haiN|

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dhyAna kA zAstrIya nirUpaNa 115 yoga ke samAna dhyAna ke bhI aneka paryAyavAcI zabda haiM jinameM sAmyabhAva, samarasIbhAva, buddhi-rodha, antaH sallInatA, savIjatA, samAdhi, svAnta nigraha Adi pramukha hai / ina nAmoM se spaSTa hai ki inameM adhikAMza dhyAna ke phala hI hai / ___ jainAcAra evaM pravRtti kSetra meM, prArambhika grantha meM yoga zabda svatantra rUpa se nahIM pAyA jaataa| vahAM dhyAna ke hI sphuTa vivaraNa milate haiN| ise sAdhu dharma kA zIrSa kahA gayA hai| uttara vartI samaya meM yoga kI parivaddhita evaM samakakSa paribhASA ke anusAra usa para aneka grantha likhe gye| Aja sthiti yaha hai ki dhyAna ke sAta granthoM kI tulanA meM yoga para 16-26 granthoM kI sUcI TATiyA aura dige ne dI hai| aneka granthoM meM dhyAna aura yoga donoM ko milAkara dhyAna yoga kA varNana milatA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki uttaravartI AcAryoM para pataMjala yoga kI mahattA aura vyApakatA kA itanA prabhAva par3A ki unhoMne dhyAna ke badale yoga para hI grantha likhe jinameM dhyAna kA bhI varNana milatA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha rahA ki donoM paramparAoM meM ina donoM zabdoM kI paribhASA samAnArthI ho gaI / phira, jainoM ne sadaiva deza, kAla va kSetra kI paramparAoM ko udAratA pUrvaka samAhita kiyA hai| yaha tathya 'pratyakSa' zabda kI parivadhita paribhASA tathA 'pramANa' zabda kI samaya-samaya para saMzodhita paribhASAoM se spaSTa hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina granthoM meM bhI pataMjala ke aSTAMga yogoM ke AdhAra para vivaraNa pAye jAte hai| aneka vivaraNa vikasita rUpa meM bhI haiN| para ye vivaraNa 7-8vIM sado aura usake bAda ke hI hai| dhyAna sambandhI prArambhika vivaraNa hameM AcArAMga, sthAnAMga evaM bhagavatI sUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 'saMpakkhie appagamappayeNa' ke siddhAnta para AdhArita kAyotsarga mudrA, nAsAgra dRSTi evaM ukaI Asana Adi ke rUpa meM milatA hai| ye sabhI prakriyAyeM yoga darzana meM bhI haiN| jaina dhyAna sAhitya ke lekhaka AcAryoM meM kuMdakuMda, zivArya, pUjyapAda, haribhadra, zabhacandra, hemacandra, yazovijaya gaNi Adi pramukha hai| isa viSaya meM vartamAna yuga meM upAdhyAya amara muni, AcArya tulasI, yavAcArya mahAprajJa aura unake sahayogI sAdhuvanda, AcArya hastImala evaM kucha zodhakartAoM ne acchA sAhitya prastuta kiyA hai| tulasI jI aura hastImala jI ne kramazaH prekSA dhyAna evaM samIkSaNa-dhyAna ke nAma se dhyAna ko pratiSThita kara ise vyaktigata yA mAtra sAdhu-jIvana kI prakriyA ke badale sAmUhika prakriyA ke rUpa meM vikasita kara isakI vyApakatA evaM upayogitA ko hI nahIM, apitu isakI vaijJAnikatA ko bhI paripuSTa kiyA hai| isase dharma kI mAtra vyakti-vikAsinI vicAra. dhArA ko samUha-vikAsinI vRtti ke rUpa meM pariNata hone kA avasara milA hai| dhyAna kI zAkhIya paribhASA dhyAna zabda 'dhyai' saMprasAraNe, pravAhe yA dhyAne dhAtu kA lyuT-pratyayI rUpa hai| isase zarIra aura mana kI vRttiyoM ke samacita dizA meM prasAraNa, pravAha yA avasthAna ke prakrama ko dhyAna mAnA jA sakatA hai| ise AdhyAtmika arthoM meM sAMkhya ne 'dhyAnaM niviSayaM manaH' mAnA hai| pAtaMjala isase adhika vyAvahArika hai| usane niviSayatA ke sthAna para 'tatraeka tAnatA dhyAna' kaha kara lakSya prApti kI ora iMgita kara diyaa| isase viparyAsa meM, jaina AgamoM meM zarIra prekSA aura samprekSA (aMtaraMga prekSA) ko dhyAna kA rUpa batAyA hai| Agamika AcArya dhyAna ko zArIrika evaM mAnasika niyaMtraNa evaM santulana kA sAdhana mAnate haiN| isIliye ve kAyotsarga aura vipazyanA ke antargata sUkSma AnaprANa labdhi tathA mahAprANa dhyAna kA bhI ullekha karate haiN| vastutaH Agama yuga meM yaha mAnyatA rahI hogI ki manovRttiyoM kI ekAgratA binA zarIra zodhana ke nahIM ho sakatI / zivArya bhI Agama yuga kI mAnyatAoM ke samarthaka pratIta hote haiN| Agamika dhAraNAoM ke viparyAsa meM, kuMda-kuMda apane pravacanasAra aura niyamasAra meM vacanoM evaM cittavRttiyoM kA nirodha kara pUrNa antarmukho hone kI prakriyA ko dhyAna mAnate haiM / yaha pratikramaNa kA sarvottama sAdhana hai| jIvana-zodhaka hai / dhyAna se samavRttitA utpanna hotI hai / yaha yogakarma ke abhAva meM hI sambhava hai| pravacanasAra meM darzana aura jJAna ke vikAsa kI prakriyA ko ho dhyAna kahA gayA hai|

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116 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda granya [ khaNDa kundakunda kI paramparA kA spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai / unake anusAra, , anusaraNa karate hue umAsvAti ne jaina paramparAgata dhyAna kI paribhASA ko sarvAdhika dhyAna saMvara tatva (sAta meM se pA~cavIM, sam-acchI vRttiyoM kI ora vara gati karane kI vRtti) ke chaha mukhya ghaTakoM ke sattAvana bhedoM meM tapa nAmaka dharma ke antaraMga chaha bhedoM meM antima prakAra hai : saMvara tapa antaraMga tapa dhyAna inakI paribhASA yogasUtra ke ati nikaTa AtI hai| unhoMne 'ekAgracinvAnirodho dhyAnaM' kahA hai| akalaMka ne antaHkaraNa yA cittavRtti ko vintA mAnA hai, sthirIkaraNa yA avasthAna ko nirodha mAnA hai| apra zabda se dizA, padArtha, caitanya, AtmA yA lakSya kA grahaNa kiyA hai| isa prakAra, citta kI vRtti ko eka dizA, padArtha yA AtmA meM sthiratApUrvaka avasthita karane kI prakriyA ko dhyAna kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ 'agra' yoga ke deza zabda kA tathA bandha yA 'ekatAnatA' ko cintAnirodha kA samakakSa mAnanA cAhiye / pUjyapAda ne nizcalarUpa se avabhAsamAna jJAna ko dhyAna kahA hai / yaha umAsvAmi ke mata kA phalitArtha hI hai / vastutaH sAmAnya jJAna sadaiva anizcita hotA hai| isase hama jJAna aura dhyAna meM aDara kara sakate hai| samantabhadra bhI dhyAna kI antarmukho paribhASA ko hI mAnyatA dete haiN| rAmasena ne bhI Atmatatva ko SaTkArakamaya mAnakara dhyeya meM sthira hone kI vRtti ko dhyAna kahA hai / abhayadeva sUri ne dRr3ha adhyavasAya ko dhyAna kahA hai| zubhacandra dhyAna ko antaHkaraNa zodhaka evaM viveka jAgRta karane vAlA mAnate haiM lekina unhoMne yoga ke aSTAMga ko svIkRta karate hue usakA vivaraNa diyA hai| unakA anusaraNa hemacandra ne bhI kiyA hai| dhyAna ko isa rUpa meM varNita karane kI paramparA vastutaH haribhadra ne prArambha kI thii| inake pUrvavartI siddhasena divAkara bhI zarIra, prANa evaM mana ko santulita karane kI kriyA se prApta ekAgratA ko dhyAna mAnate haiN| parantu akalaMka prANApAnanirodha aura usake parigaNana ko dhyAna kA rUpa nahIM mAnate / / vastutaH yaha sabhI mAnate haiM ki mana, buddhi, pitta bar3A caMcala aura kSaNa-kSaNa parivartI hotA hai| usakI isa vRtti kA kAraNa jJAnendriya, karmendriya, pariveza, saskAra evaM bhAvanAeM Adi haiN| yaha parivartitA vyakti ko aneka prakAra se prabhAvita karatI hai| yaha usa siddhAnta ke anukUla nahIM hai jahA~ yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki eka dravya dUsare ko prabhAvita ekamukho tathA sthiratA pradAna pariNAma bhI prakaTa karatI hai| nahIM krtaa| isase usakI Antarika zakti kA apavyaya hotA hai| isa parivartitA ko karane se na kevala UrjA kA apavyaya bacatA hai, apitu vaha saMcita hokara aneka lAbhakArI citta kI yaha ekAgratA Alambana yA nirAlambana dhyAna ke abhyAsa se AtI hai / jaina zAstroM meM kAlakrama se varNita dhyAna kI uparokta paribhASAoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki Agamika kAla kI dhyAna kI zArIrika, mAnasika evaM bhAvanAtmaka vRttiyoM ko ekAgratA kI paribhASA kundakunda yuga se lagabhaga pA~ca sau varSa taka mAtra mAnasika ekAgratA kI vicAradhArA ke rUpa meM calI / prAyaH 7-8vIM sadI meM yaha paribhASA punaH vistRta huI aura Agamika mAnyatA ke anusAra vyApaka bno| yo paribhASA aba pracalita hai| isase dhyAna ke kSetra ko vyApakatA aura lokapriyatA meM vRddhi huI hai| phalataH aba hama dhyAna kA zarIra, mana evaM vittako vRttiyoM ke niyantraNa, sthirIkaraNa ke prayatnoM ke rUpa meM mAna sakate haiM / sAmAnya jana ke mana meM dhyAna aura usakI prakriyA ko nahIM karanA caahte| gUr3hatA hI basI huI hai / phalataH ve ise apane vaza kI bAta na mAna kara ise samajhane kA prayAsa ho isaliye bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura jJAnArNava ke AcAryAM ne dhyAna ko sahaja rUpa meM samajhane ke liye aneka upamAnoM dvArA usakA vivecana kiyA hai / ye sAraNI 2 meM diye gaye haiN| ina upamAnoM se dhyAna ke uddezya va sAdhyoM kA acchA jJAna hotA hai aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM usakI mahattA siddha hotI hai / ina upamAnoM ke AdhAra para dhyAna indriya, kaSAya, pApa, karma, moha, rAga Adi azubha pravRttiyoM para niyantraNa kara sAmyabhAva prApti meM sahAyaka hotA hai / yaha vyakti evaM usake parivezI saMsAra ko sukhamaya banAtA hai /

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3] upamAna 1. kor3A 2. zakti 3. agni 4. bajra 5. kavaca 6-7. Ayudha, khaGga 8. sUrya 9. jahAja 10. amRta 11. yaSTi 12. bala 13. chAyA 14. sarobara 15. garbhagRha 16. auSadhi 17. dugdhapAna 18. anna 19. naukA 20. zItala jaladhArA sAraNI 2 : dhyAna ke upamAna kArya indriya kaSAya ghor3oM para niyantraNa indriya-bANoM kA vAraNa jIva-lauha zuddha hotA hai, karma dhRta jalatA hai, pApa-vana naSTa hotA hai, kaSAya zIta zAMta hotA hai| pApa vRkSa ko kATatA hai kaSAya-yoddhA se rakSA karatA hai kaSAya yoddhA / moha zatru ko naSTa karatA hai| rAgAdi andhakAra ko dUra karatA hai saMsAra-sAgara ko pAra karatA hai moha nidrAnAza, samatva lakSmI prApti kapAya-yAtru se rakSA kaSAya senA ko jItatA hai kaSAya dhUpa kA zamana kaSAya-dAha kA zamana kavAya vAyu kA avarodha kaSAya-roga zamana kaSAya-roga nAza viSaya bhUkha kA zamana avidyA nadI ko pAra karanA AtmazAMti lAtA hai / dhyAna kA zAstrIya nirUpaNa 117 dhyAna kA viziSTa vivaraNa dhyAna kI paribhASA ke sAtha hI, aneka granthoM meM usakA aneka zIrSakoM ke antargata vistRta vivaraNa pAyA jAtA hai| dhyAna kA adhikArI kauna hai ( dhyAtA) ? dhyAna kA dhyeya (Alambana, lakSya) kyA hai ? dhyAna ke prakAra (bheda) aura prakriyA kyA hai ? dhyAna kA phala kyA hai ? dhyAna kAla kyA hai ? ina praznoM kA uttara hI dhyAtA, dhyAna, dhyeya, dhyAnaphala evaM kAla zIrSakoM ke antargata diyA jAtA hai / kahIM-kahIM ina zIrSakoM kI saMkhyA ATha taka dI gaI hai| hama apanA nirUpaNa pA~ca zIrSakoM meM kreNge| saMdarbha (i) bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAyA 841-43 gAthA 1392, 97 gAthA 1886 96 samayasAra 233 (ii) (iii) jJAnArNava 1/23, 13/3, 5, 6 / 28 / (iv) Atmaprabodha : 39, 49 (a) dhyAna kA adhikArI, dhyAtA (1) pravRttiyoM kA AdhAra jaina zAstroM meM dhyAtA saMbaMdhI carcA manovRtti, saMhanana evaM guNasthAnoM ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai / prAcIna zAstrIya mAnyatA ke anusAra, dhyAna vahI kara sakatA hai jo mumukSu ho, saMyamI ho, jisake zarIra ke asthibaMdha ( saMhanana ) uttama hoM, vAsanA se nirlipta jitendriya, dhora aura manovazo ho / saMkSepa meM, jo zubha pravRttiyoM kI ora unmukha hai, vaha dhyAna kara sakatA hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se cauthe se caudahaveM caraNa kA vyakti pyAna kA adhikArI hai| yaha bhI sAmAnya dhAraNA hai ki aisA vikAsa sAdhucaryA se hI saMbhava hai| ataH sAmAnyataH sAdhumArgI hI

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118 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa dhyAna ke adhikArI haiM / kunda-kunda ne kahA hai ki yogI hI dhyAna kara sakate haiN| isakA kAraNa unake Atmika vikAsa kI kSamatA evaM koTi hI hai / zubhacandra ke anusAra dhyAtA uttama, madhyama aura jaghanya koTi ke ho sakate haiN| sAmAnyataH dhyAtA ko jJAnI bhI honA cAhiye / prAcInakAla meM dazapUrvadharoM evaM bIjabuddhi dhArakoM ko paramadhyAnI mAnA jAtA thA / vartamAnakAla meM pAMca samiti va tona gupti vAle kevala tIsare dhyAna ke adhikArI hai| sAmAnya gRhastha, mithyAdRSTi, asthiramati muni, aThAraha vikriyAoM ke abhyAsI tathA kaMdI Adi paMca bhAvanAoM kI manovatti ke loga dhyAna ke adhikArI nahIM hote| yaha to patA nahIM ki AgamakAla kI IsApavaM sadiyoM meM aise pratibaMdha the yA nahIM, para vartamAna meM ina pratibaMdhoM para punarvicAra Avazyaka hai / sabhI koTiyoM ke vyakti anazana-Adi vAhya tapa to karate hI haiM jo antaraMga tapa evaM dhyAna ke lie mArga prazasta karate haiM / vastutaH tapa aura dhyAna kI prakriyA una logoM ke lie Avazyaka prazikSaNa kA kArya karegI jinakA citta evaM kriyAeM bahumukhataH calAyamAna rahatI haiN| unheM hI saMsAra kI duHkhamayatA ko vRtti ko sukhamayatA kI ora parivartita karanA hai / vastutaH isa viSaya meM gRhastha kI bhartsanA anucita hI kahI jaayegii| yaha kathana dharma aura zukla dhyAna kI dRSTi se mAnane para bhI dravya saMgraha meM to gRhastha ko apavAdarUpeNa dharma dhyAna svIkRta kiyA hI gayA hai| phira gRhastha to sAdhuoM kA pAlaka, rakSaka, saMvardhaka aura niyantraka hai / vahI to Age calakara sAdhu hone vAlA hai| Ata-rodra dhyAnI gahastha ke lie sAdhaoM ke prati ye kartavya kaise sambhava hai ? kyA vaha sAdhuoM ko samadhyAnI nahIM banAyegA jaisA Aja ho rahA hai| umAsvAmI ne samyaka daSTi, zrAvaka evaM atI kI nirjarA kA saMketa diyA hai| yaha nijarA binA tapa aura dhyAna ke kaise hogI? yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki akAma nirjarA sabhI ko ho sakatI hai, para sakAma nirjarA (karmakSaya hetuka) sAdhu ko hI hotI hai| akAma nirjarA ke antargata ihalaukika, pAralaukika, yaza-kIti prerita uddezyoM se kiye gaye tapa aura dhyAna Ate haiN| yaha mithyA dRSTi-sahita sabhI ko ho sakatI hai| ataH vaha bhI dhyAna kA adhikArI hai| prekSAdhyAna yA yoga ko dRSTi se to AjakAla tapa ke vibhinna rUpoM ke abhyAsa dvArA aparAdhiyoM kI manovRsiyoM meM parivartana, bAlakoM meM naitikatA va sakriyatA kA vikAsa. sevA nivatti. sAmAnya yA jIvana se nirAza vyaktiyoM meM jIvana ke prati utsAha evaM lakSya ke prati jAgarUkatA AtI hai| ataH uparokta pratibandhoM meM kiMcit sudhAra kI AvazyakatA hai| yaha avazya hai ki sabhI loga dhyAna ke uccatara caraNoM ko abhyAsa se hI pA sakate haiN| isa pratibandha ke viSaya meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye mAtra dharma aura zukla dhyAna ke kSetra meM lAga hote haiM. AtaM evaM raudra dhyAna para nhiiN| para dravya saMgraha ke TIkAkAra ke samAna jJAnArNava ke TIkAkAra ne bhI gRhasthoM ke dharma dhyAna utsargataH hI mAnA hai| vastutaH dhyAna koI bhI ho, usakI prakriyA to vahI hai| ye donoM dhyAna aihika uddezyoM ke liye kiye jAte haiN| saMbhavataH ina dhyAnoM ke durUpayoga ke kAraNa uparokta pratibandha lagAye gaye hoN| lekina ina pratibandhoM se sAdhanA mArga kuMThita ho gayA aura Aja usake punaruddhAra kI AvazyakatA A par3I hai| isIliye zAstrI ne umAsvAmI kI dhyAna-paribhASA ke sUtra kI upayuktatA para prazna cihna lagAyA hai| ina pratibandhoM ke nirAkaraNa se samAja, zAyada, adhika lAbhAnvita ho ske| (ii) svasthatA yA saMhanana kA AdhAra yaha sujJAta hai ki dhyAna ke liye viziSTa Asana, samaya tathA manovRtti kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / Asana kI sthira-sukhI paribhASA ke bAvajUda bhI sAmAnya Asana dhyAna mudrA kA preraka nhiiN| isake liye kucha viziSTa Asana Ava. zyaka haiN| ina AsanoM ko viziSTa samaya taka grahaNa karane kA abhyAsa caahiye| yaha abhyAsa kevala ve hI kara sakate haiM jinheM samacita vIryAntarAya karma kA kSayopazama hai| ina AsanoM ke liye zarIra svastha aura balavAna honA cAhiye / isIliye zAstroM meM usI ko dhyAna kA adhikArI batAyA gayA hai jinake zarIra ke asthibandha, snAyubandha, evaM nADIbandha

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dhyAna dhyAna kA zAstrIya nirUpaNa 119 / (saMhanana) uttama hoN| digambara AcAryoM ke anusAra, chaha maMhananoM meM se prathama tIna aura zvetAmbara matAnusAra prathama cAra uttama mAne gaye hai| lekina carama AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dazA kevala asAmAnya balazAlI zarIra se hI prApta hotI hai| vartamAna paJcama kAla, chaThA kAla evaM bhAvI utsarpiNI ke chaThe evaM pA~caveM kAla meM Atmika carama vikAsa (nirvANa) yA avanati (saptama naraka) ko zAstrIya sambhAvanA na hone se agale 80-81 hajAra varSoM meM aisA balI zarIra kisI ko prApta nahIM hogaa| sAmAnya manuSya ke saMhanana pA~cavoM evaM chaThI zreNI ke hote haiN| Asana evaM prANAyAma ke abhyAsa se inameM parivartana saMbhava hotA hai kyoMki inase zarIra kI antaraMga UrjA bar3ha jAtI hai| isase ve cautho yA tIsarI saMhanana koTi meM pahuMcakara dhyAna ke adhikArI ho sakate haiN| saMhanana ko uttamatA ke mAnadaNDa se yaha spaSTa hai ki digambara dhyAna ko prakriyA ko adhika kaThora mApate haiN| dUsarI ora, yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki zvetAmbara dhyAna kI prakriyA ko adhika vyApaka aura prabhAvazAlI banAne kI ora agrasara rahe haiN| (ii) puNasthAnoM kA AdhAra saMhanana kI vizeSatA ke atirikta Atmika vikAsa ke caraNoM (guNasthAnoM) ke AdhAra para bhI zAstroM meM dhyAtA ko abhilakSaNita kiyA gayA hai / ise sAraNI 3 meM diyA gayA hai / isase yaha spaSTa hai ki tIsare guNasthAna taka sAraNI 3. dhyAna ke adhikArI guNasthAna kA AdhAra guNasthAna 1. Arta dhyAna 4-6 guNasthAna 2. raudra dhyAna 4-5 , 3. dharma dhyAna 4-12 ,, 4. zukla dhyAna 10-14 , vyakti meM dhyAna kI kSamatA nahIM AtI / yaha mAnyatA uparokta carcA kI dRSTi se punarvicAraNIya pratIta hotI hai / kumAra kavi ne AraMbhaka, dhyAnaniSTha evaM niSpannayogI ke rUpa meM dhyAtAoM kI tIna koTiyAM batAI haiN| isa prakAra dhyAna ke adhikArI aise sabhI sAmAnya evaM sAdhu dharmI vyakti ho sakate haiM jinakA zarIra puSTa evaM balavAna ho evaM jo rAjasI evaM sAvika vRttiyoM kI ora unmukha hoN| zarIra kI balazAlitA evaM manovRttiyoM ko koTi dhyAna kI koTi evaM yogyatA ke mApadaNDa hai| prekSA aura samIkSA dhyAna kI paddhati kA vikAsa aura prabhAva iso mAnyatA para AdhArita haiN| (ba) dhyAna ke prakAra bhagavatI, sthAnAMga, tatvArtha sUtra, jJAnArNava aura anya dhyAna-sAhitya meM dhyAna ke mukhyataH cAra bheda batAye gaye hai-(i) AtaM (ii) raudra (iii) dharma yA dharmya evaM (iv) zukla / sabhI uttaravarto AcAryoM ne ise mAnA hai / phira bhI vivecana kI dRSTi se jJAnArNava meM inheM tIna koTiyoM meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai : (i) aprazasta : Arta, raudra azubhAzaya, azubha lezyA, pApabandha, durgati / (ii) prazasta : dharmya, zukla puNyAzaya, zubha lezyA, puNyabandha, svarga / (iii) zuddha : zukla (antima pada) Atmopalabdhi, svarga, mukti / aprazasta dhyAna laukika tathA vyaktigata rAgadveSa-prerita hote haiM / ata; unheM heya hI mAnA jAtA hai / prazasta dhyAna zarIra evaM mana ko zuddha kara sAmya, samarasatA evaM antarmukhatA utpanna karate haiM, ataH ve upAdeya hai| pUrvokta zAstrIya mAnyatA ke pariprekSya meM kevala dharma dhyAna hI hamAre liye, vartamAna meM, upAdeya bacatA hai|

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[khaNDa dhyAna ke bhedoM ke viSaya meM dige ne namaskAra svAdhyAya ke AdhAra para eka apavAda batAyA hai| isameM dhyAna ke 24 bheda batAye gaye haiM / ye dhyAna ke sAmAnya evaM paramabheda ke rUpa meM zUnya, kalA, jyoti, vindu, nAda, tArA, laya, lava, mAtrA, pada, siddhi ke rUpa meM caubIsa bheda haiN| vastutaH gAthA ke anusAra ye bAIsa (11 x 2) bheda hI hote haiM / isa gAthA se caubIsa bheda nirupita karane ke liye usakA mUla khojanA hogaa| dhyAna ke ina bhedoM ko vaha mAnyatA prApta nahIM hai, jo cAra bheda kI paramparA ko hai / ina cAroM dhyAnoM kA vivaraNa sAraNI 4 meM diyA gayA hai| sAraNI 4-jaina zAstroM meM dhyAna ke bhedoM kA vivaraNa nAma prakAra lakSaNa AlaMbana anuprekSA gati lezyA sthiti 1. AtaMdhyAna 1. iSTa viyoga kraMdana, cintA, - tiryaca azubha tIna 4-6 guNasthAna 2. aniSTa saMyoga dInatA, azrupAta, 3. vedanA, rogacitA kleza carcA 4. nidAna, bhogAta 2. raudra dhyAna 1. hiMsAnaMda Asanna doSa, - tiryaMca azubha 4-5 guNasthAna 2. mRpAnaMda bahula doSa, 3. cauryAnaMda ajJAna doSa, 4. saMrakSaNAnaMda AmaraNAMta doSa 3. dharma/dhamyaM dhyAna 1. AjJA vicaya (1) AjJA ruci (1) piMDa, pada, anitya, pIta, padma, 4-12 guNasthAna 2. apAyavicaya nisarga ruci, rUpa, rUpAtIta azaraNa, manuSya, deva zukla 3. vipAkavicaya upadeza ruci, 4. saMsthAna vicaya sUtra ruci, (2) Ajava, laghutA, ekatva, (2) vAcanA, pRcchanA, mArdava, upadeza, saMsAra parivartanA, dharmakathA, jinAgama ruci anuprekSA, sAmayika 4. zukla dhyAna 1. savicAra pRthaktvavitarka viveka, kSAnti, kSamA, apAya, manuSya, deva, tIna zubha 10-13 guNasthAna 2. avicAra pRthaktvavitakaM vyutsarga mukti, azubha, nirvANa lezyAyeM 13-14, kevalI 3. sUkSmakriyA pratipatti , avyathA, Arjava, anaMtavRttitA 4. vyuparatakriyA nivRtti asaMmoha mArdava, vipariNAma rUpAtIta 12. paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha

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dhyAna kA zAstrIya nirUpaNa 121 isase spaSTa hai ki prazasta dhyAnoM kI apekSA aprazasta dhyAnoM ke viSaya meM zAstrIya vivaraNa kAphI kama hai / sambhavataH inakI bahirmakhatA hI inakI aprazastatA kA kAraNa hai| tatvArtha sUtra meM 5 sUtroM meM AtaMdhyAna, eka sUtra meM raudradhyAna, do sUtroM meM dharma-dhyAna tathA sAta sUtroM meM zukla-dhyAna kA vivaraNa milatA hai| isameM unake bheda, paribhASA tathA adhikArI batAye gaye haiN| jJAnArNava meM, avazya, ina para svatantra adhyAya diye gaye haiN| ye mAnava ko uttarottara AdhyAtmika pragati ko nirUpita karate haiN| isa vivaraNa kI eka vicAra yogya vizeSatA yaha hai ki jahA~ ArtadhyAna ke adhikArI 4-6 guNasthAnI hote haiM, vahIM raudra-dhyAna ke adhikArI 4-5 guNasthAnI hI hote haiN| caturbhedI Arta-dhyAna nitAnta vyaktigata svArthoM kI pUrti yA pIr3A ko dUra karane ke liye hotA hai| isameM kaSAya, duHkha va pramAda adhika hotA hai / isake viparyAsa meM, caturbhedI raudra-dhyAna meM kuTilatA, pApAcAra evaM krUrakarma sambhAvita haiN| raudratA krodha, uttejanA evaM Aveza kA pratIka hai / yaha vyaktigata bhI ho sakatA hai aura vyakti bhinna bhI ho sakatA hai / ise bhI 4-6 guNasthAnI mAnA jAnA cAhie, para pUjyapAda aura akalaMka ne vyAkhyA dI hai ki saMyamI (cAhe vaha pramatta hI kyoM na ho) ke rudratA nahIM ho sakatI / isa sthiti meM mujhe lagatA hai ki guNasthAna ke AdhAra para raudra-dhyAna ko prathama dhyAna mAnanA caahie| dige ne isa carcA para mauna rakhA hai| dharma dhyAna Antarika vikAsa kI prathama sarAhanIya sIr3hI hai / isameM dhyAna kI prakriyA pUrva dhyAnoM ke anusAra hotI hai, para isameM ekAgratA ke lakSya, dhyeya bhinna hote haiN| isake Alambana sAtvika hote haiN| inake vivaraNa sAraNI 4 meM diye gaye haiM / isa dhyAna meM guruvANI meM zraddhA, kutsita vicAroM yA avasthAoM ke nAza ke prati vyagratA, azubha pravRttiyoM yA karmoM ke prati niruddhatA aura saMsAra ke viziSTa AkAroM ke prati vicAraNA kI vRtti jAgRta hotI hai| dharma-dhyAnI meM maitrI, karuNA, maditA va upekSAbhAva kI manovRtti kA jAgaraNa Avazyaka hai| isameM andara-bAhara kI prekSAe~ kI jAtI haiN| isameM piNDa (zarIra), pada (akSara), rUpa evaM rUpAtIta dhyeyoM para mana ko sthira karane kA abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai| isase Atma-zakti kA saMkendraNa hotA hai| vartamAna meM bhAvoM kI zuddhi ke liye pracalita lezyA, raMga yA varNa-saMkendrita dhyAna kI prakriyA rUpAtmaka dhyAna ke antargata hI mAnanI caahie| zAstroM meM isa prakriyA kA vizeSa vivaraNa nahIM hai / isa dhyAna meM kramazaH sthUla dhyeyoM se sUkSma evaM sUkSmatara dhyeyoM para ekAgratA kA abhyAsa karane se vyakti antarmukhI hokara AnandAnubhUti karane lagatA hai / yaha dhyAna zubha hotA hai, zubhatara zukla dhyAna kI ora prerita karatA hai| ____ zukla dhyAna Antarika zuddhi evaM nirmalatA kA pratIka hai| yaha nitAnta antarmukhI aura Antarika prakriyA hai / yaha antaHzakti ke ananta-rUpa kA darzana karAtA hai aura sAdhanA ke carama lakSya ko prApta karane ko antima sIr3hI hai / isake antargata mana, vacana va zarIra ko sabhI vRttiyA~ niruddha hokara rUpAtIta dhyeya para ekAgratA utpanna hotI hai| isase ananta jJAna, darzana, sukha aura vIyaM kI anAyAsa upalabdhi hotI hai| isake dhyeya ke rUpa meM dharma ke vividha rUpoM kI nirAkAra vattiyA~ hotI hai| yaha dhyAna zreSThatama balazAlI zarIra tathA jJAna ke dhanI hI kara sakate haiM / yaha prAyaH nirAlambana hotA hai / isake cAra bhedoM meM se do kA abhyAsa chadmastha jJAnI (12veM guNasthAna taka) bhI kara sakate haiM, para antima do bhedoM kA abhyAsa kevalI hI kara sakate haiN| isameM vitakaM aura vIcAra (vicAraNA aura akSara dhyAna)-donoM kramazaH samApta ho jAte haiM aura anta meM sabhI prakAra kI kriyAoM se mukti hokara carama sukha kI anubhUti hotI hai| zupamA zukla dhyAna ke samAna dharma-dhyAna ke bhI cAra bheda mAne gaye haiN| inheM vistRta kara dasa bhI mAnA jAtA hai / inheM saMkSipta karane para vAhya aura AdhyAtmika athavA vyavahAra aura nizcaya ke rUpa meM do bheda mAne jAte haiN| parAvalambI, zarIra evaM vacana kI kriyAeM vAhya evaM vyAvahArika hotI haiM aura mAnasika cintana yA ekAgratA AdhyAtmika yA nizcayamukhI hotI haiM / isa dhyAna kI siddhi ke liye guru-upadeza, zraddhA, abhyAsa tathA mana kI sthiratA atyanta Avazyaka hai|

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122 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstro sAdhuvAda grantha . [khaNDa (sa) dhyAna kI prakriyA dhyAna kI vividha prakriyAoM ke viSaya meM prAcIna granthoM meM sphuTa ullekha ho milate haiN| sambhavataH unakA samanvayAtmaka nirUpaNa jJAnArNava meM huA hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki dhyAna ke lie upayukta sthAna, Asana, prANAyAma tathA dhyAnavidhi kA jJAna Avazyaka hai| upayukta sthAna : sAmAnyataH yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki siddha yogI ko sAdhanA ke liye koI bhI sthAna upayukta hai / para sAmAnya abhyAsI ke liye pavitra aura ekAnta sthAna Avazyaka hai| yaha siddha kSetra, atizaya kSetra, nadI-samudra taTa, nado-saMgama, parvata, guphA, vRkSa koTara, bhU-garbha, mandira, zUnya-gRha, kelAvRkSoM se nirmita gRha, upavana-vedikA, caityavRkSa ke samAna kolAhala-vihIna evaM manomodI koI bhI sthAna ho sakatA hai| samucita sthAna para, lakar3I ke paTiye para, zilApaTa para, bAlakA parvata para viziSTa Asana grahaNa kara dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| dhyAna ke lie Asana : dhyAna ke lie Asana kA cunAva bhI mahatvapUrNa hai| sthirasukhI Asana kI paribhASA ke bAvajUda bhI jina AsanoM kI zAstroM meM carcA hai, unameM abhyAsa ke bAda hI sukha milatA hai| Agama tathA anya granthoM meM prAyaH 19 AsanoM kA ullekha hai : ukaDa yA godohAsana, bajrAsana, vIrAsana, palyaMkAsana, ardhapalyaMkAsana, kAyotsargAsana, makarAsana, hastizuMDAsana, daMDAsana, saMkoca-zarIrAsana, zavAsana, gavAsana, bhadrAsana, svastikAsana, AmrakubjAsana, krauMcAsana, haMsAsana, gajAsana / yadyapi jaina paramparA meM dhyAna hetu vizeSa Asana kA niyama nahIM hai, phira bhI, jJAnArNava meM batAyA gayA hai ki kalikAla meM inameM se kevala do Asana ho mahatvapUrNa haiM : payaMkAsana yA padmAsana evaM kAyotsargAsana yA khaGgAsana / inameM anya AsanoM ko tulanA meM zakti kama lagatI hai| ye sarala hote haiM aura mana ko sthira karane meM sahAyaka hote haiN| dhyAna ke liye Asana lagAte samaya mukha pUrva yA uttara kI ora honA cAhiye / dRSTi nAsAgramukhI honA cAhiye / zarIra ke anya aMga nizcala eva sthira rahane cAhiye / zubhacandra ne batAyA hai ki Asana ke samucita abhyAsa na hone se (i) zarIra sthira nahIM raha pAtA (ii) zarIra kI asthiratA se mana sthira nahIM kiyA jA sakatA (iii) zarIra aura mana kI asthiratA se samAdhidazA sahaja nahIM ho pAtI eva (iv) samucita parISaha sahatA vikasita nahIM ho paatii| isake viparyAsa meM, padmAsana se sthiratA, prasannatA, zAnti evaM spaMdanarahitatA AtI hai| isase antaHzakti aura viveka jAgRta hote haiM / Aja kI zArIrika zikSA meM jo aneka prakAra ke vyAyAma karAye jAte haiM, ve kevala zarIra ko zuddha kara puSTa evaM balazAlI banAte haiN| para Asana na kevala zarIra ko, apitu mana ko bhI balI banAte haiM / ataH AsanoM kA prabhAva manodaihika evaM kAya-mAnasika-donoM prakAra kA hotA hai / ye hI dhyAnamudrA ko prerita karate hai / dhyAna ke lie prANAyAma : mana bar3A caMcala hai| usameM hAthI ke samAna bala, daitya ke samAna por3AkArI vRtti, bandara ke samAna cacalatA aura sarpa ke samAna daMzana-vRtti hotI hai| hamArI jJAnendriyA~ aura karmendriyA~ usakI pramukha sahAyaka haiN| hemacandra ke anusAra, yaha vikSipta, yAtAyAta, zliSTa aura tulIna nAmaka cAra vRttiyoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai / yaha vyakti ke vyaktitva nirmANa kA rAjA hai| use samucita rUpa se niyantrita karane ke lie Asana ke sAtha prANAyAma-abhyAsa bhI Avazyaka hai| yaha sAmAnyataH zvAsocchvAsa ke antargamana, bahirgamana evaM antaHsthApana ke niyantraNa kI prakriyA hai| prArambha meM zubhacandra ne antaHkaraNa kI zuddhi tathA dhyAna-jJAna kI saphalatA ke liye ise anuzaMsita kiyA hai / para hemacandra ko isameM zrama evaM citta-saMklezabhAva pratIta huA, ataH dhyAna-sAdhanA meM ise virodho kahA hai / bAda meM, zubhacandra ne bhI pratyAhAra kI anuzasA karate hue dhyAna ke liye isakI hInatA batAI hai| unakA yaha mata tarkasaMgata nahIM lagatA kyoMki dIrgha yA

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3] dhyAna kA zAstrIya nirUpaNa 123 manda zvAsocchvAsa tathA usake alpakAlika antaHsthApana se zarIratantra ke Antarika ghaTakoM evaM prakramoM meM sajagatA, apramAda, pUrNatA evaM zaktisampannatA AtI hai| yaha nIrogatA bhI pradAna karatA hai| ataH yaha dhyAna ke lie utpreraka hai| prANAyAma se zarIra kA antarjJAna bhI hotA hai| isase yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki nAsikA raMdhra meM pArthiva, vAruNa, vAyavIya evaM Agneya nAmaka sUkSma evaM saMvedya cAra maMDala hote haiN| ina maNDaloM meM purandara, varuNa, pavana, va jvalana vAyu saMcArita hotI hai / zubhacandra ne isa viSaya meM vistRta vivaraNa diyA hai / prekSA dhyAna paddhati meM bhI prANAyAma ko zvAsa evaM zarIra prekSA ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA gayA hai| patanjala kA anusaraNa karate hue zubhacandra ne prANAyAma ke pUraka, recaka evaM kuMbhaka (antaHsthApana)-tIna bheda kie haiN| vahA~ paramezvara nAmaka eka anya bheda bhI varNita hai jo brahmaraMdhra meM vizrAnta hotA hai| hemacandra ne pratyAhAra, zAMta, uttara aura adhara ke rUpa meM cAra bheda kiye haiN| inameM prAyaH zvAsa ko antagrahaNa kara use zarIra yantra meM bhinna-bhinna kSetroM meM le jAnA evaM usake bahirgamana ke samaya kA niyantraNa karanA samAhita hai| yaha kahA jAtA hai ki 60 ghar3I ke dina-rAta meM zvAsa vAyu solaha bAra nAsikA chidra badalatI hai arthAt eka chidra se eka bAra meM eka ghaNTe vAyu antaMgamita hotI hai| isI prakAra, eka minaTa meM prAyaH pandraha bAra zvAsocchvAsa calatA hai| prANAyAma ke abhyAsa se dhyAna kI dizA meM Age bar3hane ke liye bahirdRSTi tyAganI par3atI hai| isase hI antadISTa prApta hotI hai| isa antarmakhI vRtti ko jagAne kA upAya hai-pratyAhAra aura dhAraNA / isa prakriyA meM sAdhaka mana aura indriya-viSayoM ke sambandha ko tor3ane kA prayatna karatA hai| isake liye vaha icchAnusAra AlambanoM para, dhyeyoM para mana ko sthira karatA hai| jaba yaha sthirIkaraNa 48 minaTa taka banA rahatA hai, taba use dhyAna kI paripUrNatA kA caraNa mAnA jAtA hai| yahI samAdhi kI sthiti mAnI jAtI hai| isa sthiti meM mana kI caMcalatA dUra ho jAtI hai, vaha ekatAna hokara zaktikendra bana jAtA hai / isase vyakti meM sAtvika guNa prasphuTita hone lagate haiN| (da) dhyAna ke dhyeya yA Alambana dhyAna kA dhyeya vaha AdhAra yA vastU hai, jisa para citta ko ekAgra kiyA jAtA hai| yaha dhyeya do prakAra kA hai-sarUpI aura rUpAtIta, sacetana yA acetana / isa AdhAra para dhyAna bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai / sarUpI padArtha mUrta aura dRzya hote hai, sthUla aura sUkSma hote hai, ye bahirjagata ke bhI ho sakate haiM, antajaMgata ke bhI ho sakate haiN| dhyAna kI koTi ke vikAsa ke sAtha ye dhyeya kramazaH sthUla se sUkSma hote jAte haiM, jaba taka rUpAtIta yA nirAlambana dhyAna kI sthiti na A jAve evaM jJAnanetra pUrNataH udghATita na ho pAveM / nirAlambana dhyAna meM parama AtmA kA hI dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| ye dhyeya zubha aura azubha pariNAmoM ke kAraNa hote haiM / ye zabda, artha evaM jJAnAtmaka hote haiN| ye nAma, sthApanA, dravya, bhAva ke rUpa se cAra prakAra ke hote hai / dharma dhyAna ke cAra bheda bhI dhyeya ke hI rUpa haiM / zubhacandra ne sAlambana dhyAna ke liye zarIra tantra ke dasa avayavoM-lalATa, netra, karNa, nAsikAgra; mastaka, mukha, nAbhi, hRdaya, tAlu evaM bhrakuTi kA nAmollekha kiyA hai / saiddhAntika dRSTi se, zarIra tantra to bahirjagata hI hai, phira bhI isase bhinna evaM pRthak sthUla dhyeyoM para bhI mana kendrita kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha koI bhI icchita yA anicchita vastu ho sakatI hai / jina-mUrti, guru-mUrti, saMskArita strI yA puruSa, sAtvika citra, prAkRtika dRzya, pazu-pakSI, pavitra parvata, lokAkRti Adi para bhI dhyAna kendrita kiyA jA sakatA hai / vastuoM ke atirikta, guNoM para bhI kendraNa ho sakatA hai / __ zAstroM meM Arta evaM raudra dhyAnoM ke AlambanoM kA ullekha nahIM hai, para unake bhedoM ke AdhAra para hI unake vividha AlambanoM kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai / dharma-dhyAna ke AlambanoM meM AjJA, nisarga, satra aura avagADha rUciyoM

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124 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda granya [ khaNDa ke anusAra vAcanA, pRcchanA, parivartanA, anuprekSA, dharma-kathA, sAmAyika evaM saddharmatatva samAhita hote haiN| inase antarmukhI dRSTi jAgRta hotI hai| jJAnArNava meM cAra apUrva dhyeya bhI batAye gaye haiM-piNDa, pada, rUpa aura rUpAtIta / inakA vistRta varNana bhI hai| inameM zarIra, varNa (maMtra, mudrA, maMDala Adi), AtmA, jina, mukti, siddha ke laukika-alaukika rUpoM kA dhyAna samAhita hai| inake mAdhyama se Atmatatva yA antarmukhI dhyeya hI dhyAna ke viSaya hote haiN| ina para citta ko sthira karane se samaSTi, AnandamayatA evaM antaHzakti sampannatA Ato hai, jo hamAre zarIra ke cAroM ora vidyamAna AbhA-maNDala ko parivartita kara jIvana ko sukhamaya banAtI hai| (ya) dhyAna kA phala dhyAna ke abhyAsa se vyakti svayaM meM avyakta rUpa se vidyamAna aneka sAtvika guNoM kA vikAsa karatA hai| kucha hI samaya ke abhyAsa se yaha anubhava hone lagatA hai ki vyakti meM paramAtmA ke samAna hI zakti kA vizA zakti hI sukhAnubhUti karAtI hai / yaho antaHzakti hai| isake kAraNa ho vyakti meM aneka prakAra ke laukika/alaukika kArya karane kI kSamatA AtI hai| yaha zakti ho usameM virAgatA, samadRSTi, azubha pravRttiyoM kI upekSA Adi mAnava-jAti ke naitika dRSTi se bar3hAne vAle guNoM kI pratIka hai / saiddhAntika dRSTi se dhyAna pUrvakRta karmoM ko naSTa kara vyakti ko akarmatA kI ora le jAtA hai aura use saMsAra ko sundaratama banAne kI ora prerita karatA hai| vastutaH dhyAna vyakti ko samaSTi meM vilIna karatA hai aura muktimArga prazasta karatA hai| dhyAna se niyamita zarIra, sthira netra, zuddha antaHkaraNa, nirmohatA evaM tejasvitA prApta hotI hai| ye sabhI guNa utkRSTa Ananda ke sAdhana haiN| mantra evaM vargoM ke dhyAna se roga-vijaya evaM vacanamAhAtmya prakaTa hotA hai| (ra) dhyAna kI kAlAvadhi jaina zAstroM meM dhyAna kA uttama kAla eka antarmuharta yA 48 minaTa batAyA gayA hai| sAdhAraNa chadmastha eka dhyeya para isase adhika samaya taka dhyAna kendrita nahIM kara skte| yadi ve aisA karate haiM, to yA to dhyeya rUpAntarita ho jAvegA yA dhyAnAntara ho jaavegaa| isase indriyoM kA upadhAta bhI sambhava hai| yoga-darzana meM dhyAnAbhyAsa ke liye isa prakAra kI koI kAlAvadhi nahIM hai| phira bhI, satyAnanda sarasvatI gRhasthoM ke liye 10 minaTa kA nyUnatama dhyAna-samaya mAnate haiM / vastutaH yaha samaya-sImA dhyAnAbhyAsa ko koTi evaM dhyAtA ko zreNI para nirbhara karatI hai| vibhinna paddhatiyoM meM dhyAna kA tulanAtmaka nirUpaNa prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya paddhatiyoM meM dhyAna ke dvArA antarmukhA vikAsa mAnA gayA hai| prAcIna granthoM (veda, gItA, upaniSad, brahma sUtra, visuddhi maggo, bhagavatI Adi) meM isa sambandha meM sphuTa vivaraNa prApta hote haiN| dhIre-dhore isa paddhati kA pUrNa vikAsa huA aura uttaravartI samaya meM dhyAna para viziSTa grantha likhe gye| inase patA calatA hai ki jaina aura bauddha paddhatiyA~ yoga-darzana se paryApta prabhAvita huI haiN| unhoMne kAlAntara meM yoga ke aSTAMgAM ko kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM samAhita to kiyA hI hai, usake pAribhASika zabdoM ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| sAraNI 5 meM ina tInoM paramparAoM ko mukhya mAnyatAoM kA tulanAtmaka saMkSepaNa kiyA gayA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki jaina paddhati ko apanI kucha vizeSatAeM hai, jo anya paddhatiyoM meM nirUpita nahIM haiM, yadyapi ve AnuSaMgikataH mAnya honI cAhie : (i) dhyAna zubha aura azubha-donoM prakAra ke ho sakate haiN| anya paddhatiyoM meM dhyAna kA artha zubharUpa meM hI liyA jAtA hai|

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dhyAna kA zAstrIya nirUpaNa 125 sAraNI 5 : vibhinna paddhatiyoM meM dhyAna yoga darzana jaina darzana bauddha darzana 1. sAmAnya nAma (i) yoga (i) saMvara, yoga (i) khamAdhi, dhyAna (ii) dhyAna dhyAna vipazyanA 2. ghaTakatA aSTAMga yoga kA sAtavA~ ghaTaka sattAvana prakAra ke saMvara ke aSTAMgamArgakA7-8vAM antaraMga tapa kA ghaTaka ghaTaka 4. bheda nirUpaNa evaM samakakSatA 1. yama 5 dazadharma 10 ahiMsA uttama kSamA, mRdutA, RjutA, zauca samyak dRSTi, saMkalpa satya uttama satya samyak vacana asteya uttama saMyama, tapa, tyAga samyak karma brahmacarya uttama brahmacarya samyak vyAyAma, kama aparigraha uttama akiMcanatA samyak jIvikA 2. niyama 5 zauca dharma kA cauthA aMga samyak karma saMtoSa dharma kA cauthA aMga samyak karma tapa dharma kA sAtavA~ aMga-12 samyak karma svAdhyAya aMtaraMga tapa kA cauthA rUpa Izvara praNidhAna 3. Asana kAyakleza, tapa kA chaThA aMga 4. prANAyAma kAyotsarga 5. pratyAhAra tIna gupti, pAMca samiti, 8 samyak karma, samyak smRti 6. dhAraNA dhyAna kA rUpa 7. dhyAna saMyama dhyAna ke 4 bheda 8. samAdhi dhyAna phala, zukla dhyAna samAdhi, bodhi (savIja, nirvIja) (avitarka, savicAra Adi 4 bheda) (sa-upAdhi, anupAdhi) parISaha jaya samyak prayatna anuprekSA samyak vicAra samyak cAritra samyak karma 5. dhyAtA sabhI vyakti vyaktiyoM ke zarIra, manovRtti evaM sabhI vyakti kSamatA para nirbhara 6. dhyeya, Alambana rUpI, rUpAtIta sarUpI, rUpAtIta, AMtara, vAhya rUpI, rUpAtIta 7. kAlAvadhi anirdiSTa gRhasthoM ke liye 48 minaTa 8. jyAna phala samAdhi, carama AtmikavikAsa carama sukha, vikAsa bodhi prApti

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126 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa (ii) buddha aura pataMjala kI tulanA meM, jaina dhyAna prakriyA kA abhyAsa adhika kaThora pratIta hotA hai / parISahasahana, bAraha bhAvanAoM kA abhyAsa, kaThina cAritra, mana-vacana-kAya kI pravRttiyoM ke niyaMtraNa kA prArambha se hI abhyAsa tathA anya bAteM anya paddhatiyoM meM utanI mahatvapUrNa nahIM hai| (ii) anya paddhatiyoM kI tulanA meM jainoM ke dhyAna-vargIkaraNa kI paddhati adhika sUkSma evaM tIkSNa hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki aSTAMga yoga ne sattAvanI saMvara kA rUpa le liyaa| (iv) jaina dhyAna paddhati (prazasta) vizleSaNAtmaka adhika hai| yaha buddha kI vipazyanA paddhati se adhika saMgati rakhatI hai| (v) jaina dhyAna paddhati Antarika vikAsa ke vibhinna caraNoM para AdhArita hai| anya paddhatiyoM meM ina caraNoM kA koI saMketa nahIM hai| (vi) AdhyAtmika dRSTi se, jaina dhyAna paddhati karmavAda kI dhAraNA para AdhArita hai| jaise-jaise dhyAna ko koTi una, tIkSNa yA sakSmatara hotI jAtI hai, vaise hI karma-baMdha kSINa hote jAte haiN| isase zailezI tathA akarmatA kI sthiti prApta hotI hai| anya paddhatiyoM meM yaha AdhAra bhI nahIM hai| dhyAna laukika aura alaukika siddhiyA~ dhyAna kI aneka caraNI prakriyA ko apanAne vAle sAdhakoM kA anubhava hai ki jaise hI ve Asana aura prANAyAma ko sAdha lete haiM, unheM apane andara asIma zakti-sampannatA kA anubhava hotA hai| dhyeya ke prati citta kI sthiratA ke abhyAsa ke samaya aneka aisI sthitiyAM AtI haiM, jo dhyAna se vicalita karane vAlI hotI hai| ina sthitiyoM se pAra pAkara jaba sAdhaka sthira dhyAnI ho jAtA hai, to usakI antaHzakti kI vRddhi se sAdhaka meM aneka lakSaNa prakaTa hote hai, jo asAmAnya yA ati-mAnavIya pratIta hote haiM / ye lakSaNa hI labdhi, siddhi, Rddhi yA vibhUti kahalAte haiN| ye dhyAna se saMcita antaHzakti ke vyakta prakaTana mAtra haiM, jo usake mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karate haiM / AtizI zIze se sUrya-kiraNoM kI UrjA ke kAgaja para saMkendraNa se jaise kAgaja jala jAtA hai, usI prakAra isa Atmika zakti ke vibhinna uddezyoM hetu saMkendraNa karane para aneka anurUpI prabhAva utpanna hote haiN| yoga aura dhyAna kI sabhI paddhatiyoM meM sAdhaka ke aise aneka lakSaNoM kA ullekha hai| jaina zAstroM meM bhI ina lakSaNoM kI vividhatA evaM vargIkaraNa pAyA jAtA hai| isIliye jahA~ bhagavatI sUtra meM kevala dasa labdhiyA~ (jJAna, darzana, cAritra, dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga, vIrya, indriya aura cAritrA-cAritra) batAI gaI haiM, vahIM triloka prajJapti meM ATha koTi kI 64 labdhiyAM batAI gaI hai| vidyAnuvAda to 48 labdhiyoM kA hI nirUpaNa karatA hai| inakA varNana dhavalA bhAga 4 (44), maMtrarAja rahasya (50), Avazyaka niyukti (28) tathA pravacanasAroddhAra (28) meM bhI hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bho inakA kucha varNana hai / jJAnArNava meM vAyujaya se parakAyA praveza ke sAtha maMtra-japa-dhyAna se atIndriya jJAna, vikriyA labdhi, jyotirmayatA, devavazitva, zrutajJatA, bodhijJAna Adi labdhiyoM kA ullekha hai| ina sabhI RddhiyoM ke viSaya meM jainoM kI yahI mAnyatA hai ki "te samAdhau upasargAH, vyuttthAne siddhyH|" ataH Atmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se ye dhyAna ke AnuSaMgika phala hai, mukhya nhiiN| ye phala mAhAtmya kI dRSTi se evaM kutUhala kI dRSTi se prakaTa kiye jAte haiN| yaha ThIka usI prakAra samajhanA cAhiye jaise gehU~ kI mukhya phasala ke sAtha AnuSaMgika rUpa se pyAla bhI milatA hai| pyAla ke samAna siddhiyA~ bhI aihika jIvana ke liye upayogI haiN| inase yaha patA calatA hai ki dhyAna ThIka dizA meM cala rahA hai / jaina zAstra yaha mAnate hai ki uttama dhyAnAvasthA hetu ye siddhiyA~ upekSaNIya haiN| isIliye siddhi mAtra ke liye kiyA jAne vAlA dhyAna, saiddhAntika dRSTi se durdhyAna kahA jAtA hai /

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dhyAna kA zAstrIya nirUpaNa 127 18 triloka prajJapti meM dhyAna se prApta hone vAlo ATha koTi kI 64 labyioM kA saMkSepaNa nimna hai : 1. buddhi jJAna labdhi avadhi jJAna, manaH paryaya jJAna, kevala jJAna, daza caturdaza pUrvitva, vIja buddhi, koSTha buddhi, padAnusAriNI (pratisAraNI va ubhaya sAraNI) buddhi, saMbhinna zrotRtva, dUrAsvAditva, dUraspazistra, dUradarzitva, dUrazravaNatva, dUraghrANatva, nimitta (nabha nimitta, bhauma nimitta, aMga vidyAsvara, vyaMjana, lakSaNa, cihna, svapna vidyAyeM), prajJAzramaNa, pratyeka buddhi, vAda vidyaa| 2. vikriyA labdhi aNimA, mahimA, garimA, prAkAmya, Izitva, vazitva, apratidhAta, antardhyAna, kAmarUpitva, ldhibhaa| 3. kriyA labdhi 10+3 AkAza gAminI kriyA, jala-vAyu-meSa-jyoti Adi cAraNa kriyAyeM (12) / 4. tapa labdhi ugra, dIpta, tapta, mahA, ghora, ghora parAkrama, aghora brahmacAritva / 5. bala labdhi manobala, vacana bala, kAyabala / 6. kSetra labdhi akSINa mahAnasika, akSINa mahAlaya / 7. rasa labdhi AzI viSa, dRSTi viSa, kSIrasravo, madhusravI, amRtasravo, sapisravo / 8. auSadha labdhi Amarza, kSela, jalla, mala, viDoSadhi, sarvoSadhi, mukhanirviSa, dRSTinirviSa / __ anya granthoM meM inhIM koTiyoM kA saMkSepaNa yA vistAra mAtra hai| yoga darzana meM bhI vibhinna prANAyAmoM evaM saMyamoM se aneka labdhiyoM kA ullekha hai / para jainoM ke vivaraNa kI tulanA meM yaha bahuta kama hai| phira bhI, saMkSepa meM vahA~ siddhiyoM ke pAMca srota batAye gaye hai-janma (saMskAra), auSadha, mantra, tapa aura samAdhi / bauddhoM ne bhI laukika-lokottara labdhiyoM ke kucha nAma diye haiM / upasaMhAra dhyAna-sambandhI zAstrIya vivaraNa ke tulanAtmaka saMkSepaNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki jahA~ AgamakAla meM yaha zArIrika evaM mAnasika tatvoM ko prabhAvita karanevAlA mAnA jAtA thA, vahIM Isottara sadiyoM meM yaha kevala mAnasika evaM Atmaparaka ho gyaa| samaya ke prabhAva se isa vivaraNa meM yoga ke tatva punaH samAhita hue jisase yaha punaH trirUpAtmaka ho gyaa| isase isakI vyApakatA bar3hI hai| yadyapi sabhI paddhatiyA~ dhyAna kA carama lakSya eka hI mAnato haiM, para iha-jovana se sambandhita lakSyoM meM vibhinna dArzanika mAnyatAoM meM vividhatA pAI jAtI hai| dhyAna ke zArIrika evaM mAnasika prabhAvoM ke viSaya meM AcAryoM ne aneka anubhava aura nirIkSaNa vyakta kiye di| ina para aba bhArata aura vizva ke aneka dezoM meM vaijJAnika zodha kI jA rahA hai| yaha prasannatA ko bAta hai ki adhikAMza laukika zAstrIya vivaraNa isa paddhati se na kevala puSTa hI hue hai apitu zarIra vijJAna, rasAyana, manovijJAna evaM cikitsA vijJAna ke adhyetAoM ne ina vivaraNoM kI apane nirIkSaNoM dvArA saphala evaM prayogasiddha vyAkhyA kI hai| yahI nahIM, aneka nirIkSaNoM se hamAre dhyAna-sambandhI prakriyAoM ke jJAna meM aura bhI tIkSNatA, yathArthatA aura sUkSmatA AI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki isa yaga meM yoga aura dhyAna kI prakriyA hetu adhikAriyoM para lage pratibandha zanaiH zanaiH svayaM samApta hote jA rahe haiM aura yaha pratyeka vyakti ke dainaMdina jIvana kA eka aMga banatA jA rahA hai| isase dhyAna ke kucha alaukika prabhAvoM para bhI AsthA bar3ha rahI hai|

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128 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha nirdeza grantha 1. TATiyA, DA0 nathamala : 2. dige, DA0 e0 bI0 : 3. kSu0 jainendra varNI : 4. AcArya, yativRSabha : 5. pataMjala RSi : 6. nemIcanna jaina (saM0) : 7. A0 umAsvAmi : 8. A0 pUjyapAda : 9. bhaTTa akalaMka : 10. AcArya, zubhacandra : 11. AcArya, zivArya : 12. AcArya, vaTTakera : 13. svAmI, sudharmA : 14. AcArya, kundakunda : 15. AcArya, kundakunda : 16. AcArya, bhIkhaNa jI : 17. yuvAcArya, mahAprajJa : 18. samaNI, smita prajJA : 19. 20. sudharmA svAmI : 21. sudharmA svAmI : 22. sudharmA svAmI : 23. satyAnanda sarasvatI (saM0 ) : yoga vidyA ke aneka aMka 24. AcArya, zamyaMbhava : 25. sudharmA, svAmI : 26. sena, madhu, DA0 : 27. samantabhadra AcArya : 28. rAmasena, AcArya : 29. AcArya hemacandra : 30. buddha ghoSa : 31. kumAra kavi jaina meTeDIzana, cittasamAdhi, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, 1986 jaina yoga kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana, pA0 vi0, kAzI, 1981 jainendra siddhAnta koSa- 2, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1986 triloka prajJapti - 1, jIvarAja granthamAlA, zolApura, 1956 pAtaMjala yoga sUtra, bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, kAzI, 1979 tothaMkara, sAdhumArga vizeSAMka, 17, 5-6 1987 tatvArthaM sUtra, varNI granthamAlA, kAzI, 1955 sarvArthasiddhi, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1971 tatvArthaM rAjabArtika - 2, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1957 jJAnArNava, jIvarAja granthamAlA, zolApura, 1977 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vahI, zolApura, 1978 mUlAcAra, mANikandra granthamAlA, bambaI, 1922 bhagavatI sUtra, zve0 sthA0 zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, 1961 pravacanasAra, pATanI granthamAlA, mAroTha; 1950 (1) niyamasAra ( 2 ) samayasAra, ajitAzrama, lakhanaU, 1930-31 navapadArtha, zve0 te0 mahA sabhA, kalakattA, 1961 prekSAdhyAna kA yAtrA-patha, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM, 1984 tulasI prajJA, 11, 5, 1985 uttarAdhyayana, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1972 AcArAMga, Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, 1980 sUtrakRtAMga, vahI, sthAnAMga, vahI, vazavekAlika, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, 1984 samavAyAMga, Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, 1983 kalcarala sTaDI Aya nizotha cUrNi, pA0, vi0, kAzI, 1975 svayambhU stotra, nirdeza, 1 peja 13 tatvAnuzAsana, vIra sevA mandira, dillI, 1963 yogazAstra, vhI0 esa0 jaina granthamAlA, sUrata, 1938 vizuddhi magga, bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI, 1940 Atmaprabodha, siMghaI dhanyakumAra, kaTanI, 1988 [ khaNDa

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dhyAna kA vaijJAnika vivecana DA0 e0 kumAra, ema0 DI0 (meDIsina) maMDalA, (ma0pra0) bhAratIya paddhati meM dhyAna AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI eka sarvamAnya prakriyA hai / vibhinna darzanoM meM ise vividha nAma-rUpoM se nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / "dhyai' saMprasAraNe yA pravAhe se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki isakA eka dhyeya to zarIratantra meM prANoM ke, vAyu ke, prANazakti ke pravAha kI tIkSNatA evaM ekatAnatA hai| isake aneka lAbha zAstroM meM varNita haiN| ye mAnasika evaM AdhyAtmika koTi ke mAne jAte hai / vastutaH mana yA mastiSka, (jise jaina dravyamana kahate haiM) zarIra kA hI eka ghaTaka hai| yaha sujJAta hai ki zarIra tathA mana kA anyonyAzraya sambandha hai / ataH zarIra prabhAvI prakriyAeM mana ko svataH prabhAvita kara usakI vRttiyoM meM parivartana utpanna karato haiM / Adhunika manovijJAna ne mAnasika vRttiyoM ke kAraNa, unheM vikasita karane yA sudhArane ke upAya tathA mAnasika vikRtiyoM ko dUra karane kI prakriyAe~ vikasita kI haiN| phira bhI, prAcya yogI yahI mAnate hai ki dhyAna yoga vahIM se prArambha hotA hai, jahAM manovijJAna kA anta hotA hai| yaha ThIka vaise hI hai, jaise dhArmika jana yaha mAnate haiM ki dharma vahIM se prArambha hotA hai, jahAM vijJAna ke kSetra kA anta hotA hai / vijJAna evaM manovijJAna ke lAbhoM ko svIkAra karate hue bhI ina donoM ke kSetrAnta evaM dharma-kSetra/dhyAna-kSetra ke prArambha ke bIca inako sampakita karane vAlI koI kar3I hotI hai, aisA nahIM lgtaa| donoM kA uddezya parivartita ho jAtA hai-laukika se lokottara, dRzya se adRzya aura sUkSma se sUkSmatara / ataH, sambhavataH, samparka kar3I kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa|| vartamAna yuga meM bhAratIya yogiyoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki dhyAna kI ekAgratA manovRttiyoM ke niyaMtraNa, rUpAntaraNa evaM samabhAva ke liye adhika upayogI hai| unake anusAra, dhyAna kevala mAnasika yA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI prakriyA mAtra nahIM hai, yaha zarIra-taMtra ke zodhana evaM mArgAntarIkaraNa kI prakriyA bhI hai| ataH dhyAna zarIra, mana aura bhAvanAe~ tathA adhyAtma-tonoM dizAoM meM lAbhakArI hai| isakA prabhAva zarIra se prArambha hotA hai aura Atma-vijaya taka jAtA yogI kevala vAnaprasthoM, saMnyAsiyoM, sAdhuoM yA sAdhakoM ko ho dhyAna kA adhikArI nahIM mAnatA, vaha to baccoM se lekara bujurgoM taka ke liye dhyAna ke abhyAsa kI preraNA detA hai| usakA to yaha bhI kathana hai ki assI varSa se adhika umra vAloM ke liye dhyAna hI ekamAtra auSadha hai / vaha dhyAna ko haluve meM cInI, sabjI meM namaka evaM chole meM masAle ke samAna jIvana ko paripUrNa evaM sukhI banAne kA uttama upAya mAnatA hai| vaha mAnatA hai ki bIsavIM sadI kI nirantara tanAvapUrNatA se trANa pAne evaM nItipUrNa jIvana bitAne ke liye dhyAna-yoga ho eka upAya hai| jo kAma auSadhiyA~ nahIM kara sakatIM, vaha dhyAna karatA hai| dhyAna kI yaha upayogitA usakI vyApaka paribhASA para nirbhara hai| isake antargata Asana, prANAyAma tathA ekAgratA ke abhyAsa samAhita haiN| jainoM ne AsanoM ko to mahatva diyA hai, para prANAyAma ko gauNa mAnA hai| isa mata meM saMzodhana honA cAhiye / vibhinna prANAyAma zArIrika hote hue bhI zarIra-zuddhi evaM mastiSka-zuddhi kara use dhyAnAbhimukhI banAte hai / yahI antaHzakti ke prasphuTana kA srota hai|| dhyAna ke zAstrIya lAbhoM ko sAmAnya-jana taka pahu~cAne ke liye aneka sanyAsiyoM eva saMsthAoM dvArA prayAsa kiye jA rahe hai| bhArata meM aneka sthAnoM para ( bambaI, lonAvalA, muMgera Adi ) dhyAna kI prakriyA aura prabhAvoM para

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[ khaNDa 130 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha Adhunika dRSTi se anusaMdhAna kiye jA rahe haiN| briTena, amerikA, AsTreliyA, phrAMsa, jarmanI Adi aneka pAzcAtya deza bhI isa dizA meM bhAratIyoM ke sahayoga se kAma kara rahe haiM / lonAvalA ke karamabelakara aura ghAroTe, muMgera ke svAmI satyAnanda sarasvatI, menijara saMsthAna, amerikA ke svAmI rAma, satyAnanda Azrama, gosphorDa ( AsTreliyA ) ke cikitsA - zAstrI sanyAsI svAmI zaMkaradevAnanda aura karmAnanda sarasvatI tathA AcArya tulaso va unake ziSya sAdhu-sAdhvIgaNa isa kSetra meM mahanIya kArya kara rahe haiN| maharSi maheza yogI, svAmI praNavAnanda sarasvatI, AcArya rajanIza tathA brahma kumAriyoM ne bhI dhyAna ke viziSTa rUpoM ko Adhunika pariprekSya meM vyApaka banAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| ina sabhI ke kAryoM se bhArata ke sAtha vizva ke aneka bhAgoM meM dhyAna ke prati jAgarukatA bar3hI hai / yaha mantavya isa tathya se pramANita hotA hai ki akele svAmI satyAnanda dvArA saMcAlita yoga-pracAra kArya meM sattara hajAra se adhika vetanabhogI yoga zikSaka vizva ke kone-kone meM lage hue haiM / inakI yoga prakriyA kA lAbha jela ke kaidiyoM, skUloM ke baccoM, aparAdhiyoM tathA tanAvapUrNa vAtAvaraNa ke kAraNa utpanna rogoM ke zikAra aneka vyaktiyoM ko mila rahA hai| isa kArya meM videziyoM kA yogadAna sarvAdhika hai / svAmI satyAnanda ko isa bAta kA kaSTa hai ki jo bhArata dhyAna-vidyA kA janmadAtA mAnA jAtA hai, vaha isa kArya meM bahuta pIche hai| yahI nahIM, sviTjaralaiMDa, iTalI tathA phrAMsa Adi dezoM meM dhyAna yoga ko skUloM ke niyamita pAThyakrama meM samAhita kiyA jA rahA hai| bhArata meM bhI kucha yoga-zikSaNa kendra khule haiM, para ve itane lokapriya nahIM ho pA rahe haiN| isakA eka tAjA udAharaNa zArIrika zikSA sasthAna, gvAliyara kA hai, jahA~ yoga zikSakoM ko zarora zikSA ke kSetra meM mAnyatA to kyA, prazikSaNa taka denA khataranAka mAnA jAtA hai| AcArya tulasI bhI prekSA dhyAna ke mAdhyama se kaidiyoM, vidyArthiyoM evaM janasAdhAraNa ko isa dizA meM prerita kara rahe haiN| deza meM dhyAna ziviroM kI vartamAna saMkhyA bhArata meM isakI bar3hatI huI lokapriyatA kA pratIka hai / vartamAna meM dhyAna yoga kA pracAra bhArata kI lupta yA prasupta saMskRti kA pratIka hai| mahAprajJa ne batAyA hai ki kucha AcAryoM ne kAla aura paristhiti kA nAma lekara dhyAna se lokika aura alaukika siddhiyoM ko prApti kA niSedha kara diyA (ye siddhiyAM vaise bhI AnuSaMgika mAnI jAtI haiM) aura aneka viccheda batAkara dhyAnamArga meM avarodha utpanna kara diyA / isase sadiyoM taka dhyAna-mArgaM kuNThita ho gyaa| loga adhyAma mArga ke badale vyavahAra mArga ora mur3a gaye / lagatA hai, aba yuga parivartita ho rahA hai / yaha zubha lakSaNa hai / dhyAna kI Adhunika paribhASA aura lokasaMgraha kI yogiyoM ne dhyAna ke viSaya meM kucha bhI kahA ho, para dhyAna ke vastutaH tIna AyAma haiM- zArIrika, mAnasika aura AdhyAtmika / ye donoM hI dharma, bhASA aura rAjanIti se pare haiN| dhyAna kA prathama prabhAva zarIra-tantra para par3atA hai, raktacApa, hRdaya, granthiyoM aura bhAvanAoM para par3atA hai| yaha uttarAttara zarIra, mana aura antazcetanA ko Urdhvamukho banAtA hai / anya zArIrika kriyAoM ke samAna dhyAna se bho mastiSka kI taraMgoM meM parivartana hAtA hai| dhyAna ke adhyAsa se ina taraMgoM kI prakRti, parimANa evaM tAvratA meM parivartana hotA hai| ataH yaha mana ko vizrAnta eva sthira karane kI prakriyA hai / isase indriyA~ bhI svataH niyantrita ho jAtI haiM / dhyAna ke abhyAsa se zarorastha aneka cakra aura merudaNDa meM jAgaraNa hotA hai / isase hamArI antaHzakti meM vRddhi hotI hai / dhyAnayoga vyaktitva ke nirmANa kI vidyA hai| yaha eTamama ke samAna vinAza nahIM karatI / yaha Atma-bama hai, yaha zakti saMcaya kI vidyA hai| yaha tAmasika vRtti ko naSTa kara rAjasika evaM sAtvika vRtti ko uttarottara vikasita karatI hai / dhyAna zarIra aura mana donoM ko zaktizAlI banAtA hai / hamArI bImArI kI utpatti prathamataH hamAre mana meM hotI hai / dhyAna mana kI vAsanAoM, avarodhoM va saMskAroM ko dUra kara cetanA jAgRta karatA hai / isase vyakti meM rogapratikAra kSamatA bar3hatI hai| dhyAna aura prANa vidyA zarIra meM ucca UrjA stara banAne meM sahAyaka hote haiM / hamAre

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3] dhyAna kA vaijJAnika vivecana 131 bhautika zarIra ke liye vizrAma, utsarjana, AhAra, saphAI evaM niyaMtraNa kI AvazyakatA hotI haiN| isI prakAra mana ke liye bhI saMskAra, uthala-puthala evaM tanAva Adi ko nikAlane kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| dhyAna mana kA prakSAlana karatA hai| yaha mana ke liye julAba kA kAma karatA hai| tatpazcAt yaha mana kI supta kSamatAoM kI jAgRta karatA hai| dhyAna kevala vAhya viSayoM, dRzyoM se mana ko haTAne kI prakriyA mAtra nahIM hai| yaha iSTa yA lakSya ke prati jAgRti evaM Antarika sambandha bar3hAne kI bhI sAdhanA hai| jaba mana kisI vastu para kendrita hotA hai, taba dhyAna prArambha hotA hai| vastutaH jaba hama koI bhI kAma karate haiM-naukarI, adhyayana, samAjasevA Adi usa samaya kAma para hI citta kendrita rahatA hai / yaha dhyAna kA hI laukika rUpa hai| eka ImAnadAra karmacArI acchA dhyAnayogI mAnA jA sakatA haiM / yaha kendrIkaraNa abhyAsa se hI sambhava hai, utAvalepana se nhiiN| dhyAnayoga se manaHzuddhi hone para hamArI antazcetanA kA rUpAntaraNa aura vikAsa hotA hai| yaha bAhara se utanA pratyakSa nahIM ho pAtA jitanA andara se anubhava meM AtA hai| dUdha ke dahI meM rUpAntarita hone ke samAna vicAra, bhAvanAeM, icchAe~, Avega, utkaNThA Adi dhyAna se rUpAntarita hokara antaHzakti utpanna karate haiN| vastutaH hamArA mana zaitAna kA hI ghara nahIM hai, zakti kA bhaNDAra bhI hai| dhyAnayoga se mana kI zakti ke sArthaka upayoga kI dizA milatI hai| aura jIvana Anandita hotA hai / dhyAna kA vaijJAnika adhyayana anubhUti bhAratIya manISiyoM ne hameM dhyana ke sambandha meM do prakAra kI jAnakArI dI haiM (1) dhyAna kyA hai aura kaise kiyA jAtA hai ? (2) isase kyA lAbha hotA hai ? prathama jAnakArI vijJAna kI tri- caraNI ( prayoga, nirIkSaNa, niSkarSa ) paddhati meM prathama caraNa hai| dvitIya jAnakArI nirIkSaNa aura niSkarSa kA sammilita rUpa hai / isa jAnakArI meM kI sUkSmatA to hai, lekina prAyogika pariNAmoM para AdhArita niSkrayoM kI vyAkhyAparaka sUkSmatA aura tIkSNatA nahIM hai| vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa 'acarajakArI kyoM' para AdhArita hai| prAcIna santoM ne Aja ke jijJAsu mastiSka ke liye dhyAna kA 'kyoM' samajhane ke liye sAmagrI nahIM dI hai| yaha usa samaya sambhava bhI nahIM thI darzana kriyAvidhi jJAna, bhautika evaM rAsAyanika parivartana evaM rUpAntaraNoM kA 1 nahIM thA / saba kucha anubhUti gamya thA / unnIsavIM-bIsavIM sadI ke zarIra racanA, zarIrAntaH - kriyA vijJAna evaM mastiSka ke viSaya meM kI dhAraNA kA spaSTIkaraNa ho jAtA hai aura usake vyApaka pracAra ke kyoMki zarIra-tantra evaM mastiSka ke antaAntarika jJAna Aja jaisA prayoga sulabha vaijJAnika yantroM va pravidhiyoM ke AviSkAroM ne hameM paryApta jAnakArI dI hai / isase dhyAna kI rahasyamayatA liye samarthana evaM preraNA bhI milatI hai / dhyAna karanevAle vyaktiyoM ke zarIra kI antaH kriyAoM evaM ghaTakoM para hone vAle prabhAvoM evaM parivartanoM ke vaijJAnika nirIkSaNa evaM vyAkhyA hameM usa kar3I kI aura saMketa dete haiM jo hamAre zAstroM meM nahIM hai| yaha kar3o dhyAna ke nirIkSita lAbhoM kI vyAkhyA karatI hai aura Aja ke jijJAsu zikSita kA zaMkA-samAdhAna karatI hai| ye pariNAma unheM dhyAnI banane ke liye preraka bho haiM / dhyAna se sambandhita anusandhAnoM meM aneka upakaraNa evaM rAsAyanika vidhiyoM kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai / inameM se nimna mukhya hai : (i) taulane vAlI mazIna dhyAtA ke bhAra meM parivartana / (ii) ilaikTrokArDiyogrAma tathA eksa-kiraNa dvArA hRdaya kA parIkSaNa | (iii) raktacApamApI yA dAbamApI yantra se raktacApa kA mApana / (iv) kiriliyana phoTogrAphI se zarIra parivezI AbhAmaNDala kA adhyayana |

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132 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa (v) tvacAvarodhamApI se tvacAvarodha maapnaa| (vi) vAyo-phIDa-baika yantra se parIkSaNa / (vii) ilekTro-ensephilogrApha dvArA parIkSaNa / (viii) maigneTika-rejonensa-imeja upakaraNa / (ix) mala, mUtra evaM rakta kA rAsAyanika vizleSaNa / ina upakaraNoM kI vividhatA se yaha spaSTa hai ki dhyAna sambandhI zodha eka sAmUhika upakrama hai / bhArata meM dhyAna-zodha kA prArambha 1910 meM huA thaa| DA. Ananda, DA0 gopAla (pANDucerI), DA0 lakSmIkAntana (madrAsa), svAmI kaivalyAnanda (puNe) Adi isa zodha ke agraNI the| aba to aneka kendroM para agaNita vyakti isa dizA meM zodha kara rahe haiN| zarIra-tantra kI racanA dhyAna zarIra tathA mana-donoM ko prabhAvita karatA hai| ataH yaha Avazyaka hai ki hama ina donoM ghaTakoM ke viSaya meM saMkSipta jAnakArI rakheM / bhAratIya zAstroM meM zarIra-tantra ko aSTAMgo (2 paira, 2 hAtha, vakSa, peTa, pITha aura zira) batAyA gayA hai| ye sabhI dRzya avayava haiN| ina aMgoM ke bhItarI rUpoM ko bhI asthi, snAyu, zirA, mAMsapezI, tvacA, AMtra, mala garbhasthAna, nakha, danta tathA mastiSka ke mAdhyama se nAmAMkita kiyA gayA hai| yahI nahIM, vahA~ vAta, pitta, kapha, mastiSka, meda, mala, mUtra, bIrya evaM vasA ke parimANoM ko bhI batAyA gayA hai / Adhunika zarIra-vijJAniyoM ne bhI zarIra ke vAhyAbhyaMtara saMracana kA sUkSma adhyayana kiyA hai / tulanA ko dRSTi se, asthiyoM evaM nAr3iyoM kI saMkhyA ke zAstrIya vivaraNa inake varNanoM se mela nahIM khaate| sAtha hI, rakta, vIryAdi zarIra strAvoM kI zAstrIya parimANAtmakatA bhI paryApta bhinna hai / phira bhI, inake viSaya meM nirIkSaNa aura parimANAtmakatA ko carcA hamAre AcAryoM ko vicAra evaM medhAzakti kI ora to saMketa karatI hI hai| Adhunika zarIra-zAstrI sampUrNa zarora-tantra ko do AdhAroM para vibhAjita karate hai-(i) sthUla aura (ii) zarIra-kriyAe~ / sthUla zarIra to ye bhI prAyaH aSTAMgI ho mAnate haiN| zarAra-kriyAtmaka dRSTi se, ve ise nau tantroM meM vibhAjita karate haiN| isake anrtagata (i) asthi tantra (ii) zvasana tantra (iii) utsarjana tantra aura (iv) prajanana tantra vAhya rUpa se nirIkSita kiye kA sakate haiN| para (v) pezIya (vi) pAcana (vii) raktaparisaJcaraNa (viii) snAyavika tathA (ix) granthi tantra antaHzarIra meM hI dRSTigocara hote haiN| isa vibhAjana kA mUla AdhAra zarIra meM hone vAlI vibhinna prakAra kI bhautika yA rAsAyanika kriyAe~ haiM / inheM samagrataH jAva rAsAyanika kriyAyeM kahA jAtA hai / mAnava jIvana ko svastha va sukho banAne ke liye sAmAnyataH zarIra ke sabhA tantra eka-samAna upayogI hAte haiN| ve Adarza prajAtantrIya rUpa se eka-dUsare ke kAryoM meM hastakSeSa kiye binA avirata rUpa se anya tantroM ko sahayoga dete rahate haiN| Atmazakti ke vikAsa meM snAyutantra tathA granthitantra mahatvapUrNa hai| ye donoM hA tantra mastiSka meM mukhyataH au zarIra ke anya avayavoM meM sAmAnyataH hote haiM / snAyavika tantra do prakAra kA hotA hai-svAyatta aura kendrIya / svAyatta snAyutantra bahirvAho nyUrAnoM kA banA hotA hai jo AmAzaya, A~ta, hRdaya, mUtrAzaya evaM raktavAhikAoM ko peziyA~ pradAna karate haiN| ye yakRta evaM agnyAzaya ko bhI prerita karate haiM / yaha anukampo evaM parAnukaMpo koTi kA tantra hotA haiM aura jIvana mazIna calAne ke lie ekselareTara aura breka kA kAma karatA hai| inakA kArya uttejanA aura zithilokaraNa hai| inake isa kArya se tantra meM saMtulana banA rahatA hai|

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dhyAna kA vaijJAnika vivecana 133 zarIra-tantra meM do prakAra kI granthiyA~ hoto hai-antaHsrAvI aura vahiHsrAvI / antaHsrAvI granthiyA~ zarIra ke vibhinna sthAnoM para hotI hai aura unake srAva bhojana se prApta padArthoM se banate haiM aura sIdhe hI rakta meM milakara zarIra tantra meM pahucate haiM / yaha spaSTa hai ki ina srAvoM kA ucita mAtrA meM nirmANa hamAre bhojana kI poSakatA para nirbhara karatA hai / kucha antaHsrAvI granthiyoM ke nAma kArya va srAva sAraNI 1 meM diye jA rahe hai| prayogoM se yaha pAyA gayA hai ki yadi ina granthiyoM ko tantra se kATakara alaga kara diyA jAve, to unase sambandhita kriyAoM meM maMdatA evaM avarodha A jAtA hai| sAraNI 1 : antaHstrAvI granthiyoM ke vivaraNa sthAna kArya srAva granthi 1. pIniyala pIyUSikA 2. piTyUTarI, pIyUSa mastiSka mastiSka vAlyAvasthA ko niyantrita krnaa| sabhI granthiyoM kA niyantraNa, Avega yA bhAvanAtmaka niyantraNa, svAyatta snAyu-tantra / 3. aiDInala chaha hormona sravita hote haiM : vRddhi hormona, epha0 esa0 eca0, gonaDa hormona, oNksITosina,thAyaro Tropika, eDrInokoTikoTropika / eDenalIna, nora-eDenalIna, yauna hormon| thAyaroksIna, perAthAyaroksIna / iMsyulina / bahiHsrAvI agnyAzayI rasa / (i) TesTosTerona / (ii) aisTrojana, projesTerona / vaktU/kiDanI krodha, bhaya, uttejanA evaM svAyatta snAyu tantra kA niyantraNa / gardana cayApacaya preraka / uttejanazIlatA, kailsiyama niyaMtraka / udara pAcana, kArbohAiDreTAdi cayApacaya / janana tantra zukrANu nirmANa, aMDANu nirmaann| 4. thAyaraoNyaDa 5. perAthAyaraoNyaDa granthi 6. agnyAzaya granthiyA~ 7. prajanana granthiyAM sAmAnyataH granthiyoM ke srAvoM kI mAtrA svayaM niyantrita hotI rahatI hai| phira bhI, ina srAvoM ko rAsAyanika uddIpakoM kI sahAyatA se nyUnAdhika kiyA jA sakatA hai / ye uddIpaka bhI prAyaH aMtaHsrAvI hote haiM / ye antaHsrAvI granthiyA~ vAhinIhIna kahalAtI hai| inake viparyAsa meM lAra, azra, yakRta Adi kucha granthiyA~ hotI haiM jinake srAva vibhinna vAhiniyoM dvArA zarIra-tantra meM pahu~cate haiN| dhyAna prakriyA meM ina granthiyoM kA utanA mahatva nahIM hotA jitanA sAraNI 1 meM dI gaI granthiyoM kA hotA hai / yaha pAyA gayA hai ki zarIra tantra kI zarIra-kriyAoM evaM mastiSka yathA bhAvanAtmaka prakriyAoM ke samaveta rUpa meM sampanna hone ke liye ina srAvoM kA samucita mAtrA meM utpanna hote rahanA tathA snAyu tantra kA sAmAnya bane rahanA atyAvazyaka hai / mAnava-mastiSka kA Adhunika vivaraNa mastiSka prANiyoM kI buddhi, vyavahAra, kriyAoM evaM pratibhAoM kA saMcAlana evaM niyantraNa karatA hai| mAnava mastiSka prANiyoM meM sarvAdhika vikasita hotA hai| jaina zAstroM meM zarIra ke aMgoM ke rUpa meM sira tathA usake antaghaMTaka ke rUpa meM mastiSka kA nAmollekha mAtra AtA hai| usameM vikRti ke kAraNa mUrchA, pAgalapana Adi roga hote haiN| usakI nimalatA se jAti smaraNa aura antaH pratibhA prasUta hotI hai| isakA pramANa eka aMjuli (donoM hatheliyoM ko milAne se banane vAlA saMpuTa, jisameM lagabhaga 125 grAma jala AtA hai| batAyA gayA hai| isa vivaraNa ko tulanA meM Aja ke zarIra

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134 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa zAstrI ke mastiSka kA vivaraNa atyanta vistRta evaM sUkSma hai| mastiSka kI racanA aura usake ghaTakoM ke viziSTa kAryoM ke adhyayana meM raMjana takanIka, ilaikTAna mAikroskopa tathA jIva-rAsAyanika paddhatiyoM se bar3I sahAyatA milI hai| isase hameM mastiSka ke aMgaraMga kA pUrNataH to nahIM, para paryApta jJAna huA hai| isa jJAna se hama aneka nirIkSaNoM kI tarka saMgata vyAkhyA kara sakate haiN| zarIra tantra meM mastiSka aura merudaNDa (saSamnA) kendrIya tantrikA tantra ke mahatvapUrNa ghaTaka hai| ye makAna ke bijalI ke svicaborDa ke samAna hamAre tantra ko samanvita, saMcAlita, niyantrita evaM vikasita karate haiN| zAstroM meM mana ke tIna bheda batAye gaye hai-cetana (vicAra, kriyA), ardhacetana (svapnAdi) aura acetana yA Antarika (shuunytaa)| ye bheda usake sUkSmatara rUpoM ko vyakta karate haiM / zarIra-zAstrI kevala cetana mana kI bAta karatA hai / sAmAnyataH mastiSka hamAre kapAlakoTara meM bhrakuTI ke pIche se sira ke pichale bhAga taka phailA rahatA hai / yaha eka jaTilatama tantra hai| isakA bhAra 12-1500 grAma hotA hai aura Ayatana 1.2-1.5 lITara hotA hai| sAmAnyataH mastiSka ke pA~ca bhAga hote haiM jinameM pramastiSka (mukhya bhAga), anumastiSka va madhyamastiSka mukhya hote hai / pratyeka bhAga meM satantuka nyarAna kozikAyeM aura unake gucchaka-snAyu yA tantrikAyeM hotI hai| isakI kozikAoM kI kula saMkhyA 130 karoDa se adhika hotI hai| inakA vistAra eka semI0 ke dasa hajAraveM bhAga 10-4 ke barAbara hotA hai| pratyeka kozikA lagabhaga pAMca lAkha samparka sthApita kara sakatI hai| pratyeka kozikA meM saMvedana yA uttejana ke Ane evaM unake preSaNaniyantraNa kI pRthak-pRthaka vyavasthA rahatI hai| anumastiSka yA madhyamastiSka to mastiSka ke mukhya bhAga ke kArya meM sahAyaka hote haiM / mastiSka meM sAraNI 1 ke anusAra granthiyA~ bho hoto haiM jinake srAvoM se mana aura zarIra puSTa aura niyantrita hotA hai| (citra : 1) / / ..' * kaoNronala sajiTA taya la~bDaoNyaDa 15/sIvana lalATa' sphInaoNyaDa pratru k nAsA - ethmoyaDa 'prAksipiTala pAyagomaTikaTa asthi maiksilA immR: bAhya karNa kuhara 6 maisTaoNyaDa pravardha sTAilaoNyaDa pravardha Taimporala-meDibala saMdhi mastiSka kA mukhya bhAga dUra se dekhane para dhUsara dikhatA hai aura isake andara zveta dravya rahatA hai| isake do bhAga yA golAdha hote hai| dAhinA golAdhaM racanAtmakatA, srajanazIlatA, antaH prajJA, pratibhA, indriyAtIta kSamatA tathA AkAzIya cAkSuSIkaraNa kSamatA evaM citta zakti kA pratIka hai| yaha parAnukampI tantrikA-tantra evaM sahaja kriyAoM kA

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dhyAna kA vaijJAnika vivecana 135 saMcAlana karatA hai| isake viparyAsa meM, bA~yA golArdha buddhi, vicAra, takaM, nirNaya, saMgaThana, vyavasthA tathA prANazakti kA pratIka hai / yaha kendrIya tantrikA-tantra evaM anukampI nAr3I saMsthAna yA aicchika kriyAoM kA saMcAlana karatA hai / __ye donoM golArdha mahAsaMyojaka (korapasa kailosama) ke dvArA paraspara meM jur3e rahate haiN| ina golArdhA kI kozikAyeM bhI sUkSma tantuoM evaM serITonina nAmaka cipakAvaka padArtha ke mAdhyama se eka-dUsare se jur3I rahato haiN| ye 120 mITara/sekeNDa kI dara se jJAnavAhI evaM kriyAvAhI sUcanAoM kA AdAna-pradAna karatI haiN| ye golArdha aura usakI tantrikAyeM anumastiSka aura anya laghu ghaTakoM ke mAdhyama se merudaNDa evaM suSumnA ke samparka meM rahate haiN| suSumnA kA dUsarA sirA nerudaNDa ke nIce rahatA hai jo mastiSka ke saMvedanoM ke saMcAra patha kA kAma karatA hai| mastiSka kI kozikAoM aura unase banI tantrikAoM ke do viziSTa lakSaNa pAye gaye haiM-(1) doghaM jIvitA evaM pariveza-saMvedana tathA (2) ucca cayApacayI sakriyatA / anusandhAnoM se yaha pAyA gayA hai ki (i) zvAsocdyAsa ke antargamita vAyu kA paMcamAMza kevala mastiSkIya kozikAoM ko hI apano sakriyatA banAye rakhane meM sahAyaka hotA hai| (i) mastiSka kA dAyA golArdha hamAre bA~ye zarIgaMgoM ko prabhAvita karatA hai| isI prakAra bA~yA bhAga dakSiNAMgoM ko prabhAvita karatA hai| (it) pazcimI logoM ke mastiSka kA bA~yA bhAga adhika sakriya hotA hai| pUrvI kSetra ke vyaktiyoM kA dAhinA golArdha adhika sakriya hotA hai / (iv) mAnava apane mastiSka kI kSamatA kA kevala daza pratizata hI upayoga kara pAtA hai| mastiSka kI kriyA-vidhi ko vyAkhyA rAsAyanika evaM vidyuta AdhAroM para kI jAne lagI hai / isako kozikA evaM snAyuoM kA ausata pratizata saMghaTana nimna pAyA gayA hai : 80 (ii) lipiDa (ii) proTIna (iv) soDiyama-poTeziyama ke lavaNa 10-12 7- 8 <1 kolasTerola, kucha phAspholipiDa, aimono lipiDa / globulina, nyUkliyo proTIna, npUrokereTona / mastiSka kI sajIva kozikAoM ko sakriya banAye rakhane ke liye rakta ke mAdhyama se glUkoja aura zvAsoM ke mAdhyama se oNksIjana kI samucita mAtrA milanA anivArya haiN| yaha aneka kAraNoM se asaMtulita ho sakatI hai-(i) bhojana ko vividhatA (ii) pariveza (iii) bhAvanAtmaka sthiti aura (iv) hormona srAvoM meM avyavasthA Adi / phalataH inako sakriyatA eka rAsAyanika prakrama hai jisameM sadaiva UrjA utpanna hAtI hai / ise hI zAstroM meM prANa yA manaHzakti kahA gayA hai / isI prakAra snAyuoM ke dvArA saMvedanoM kA saMcAra bhI pramukhataH eka jaTila rAsAyanika prakriyA hai| isake anusAra, jaba kisI nyUrAna ke saMketa usake eksAna tantuoM dvArA dUsare nyUrAnoM ko saMcArita hote haiM, taba preSaka nyUrAnataMtrikA ke sImAnta para kucha nyUrohormona utpanna hote haiN| inameM aisITilakolIna, aiDainalona, vaisopresona tathA oNksITosina Adi pramukha haiN| anya taMtroM meM bhI DopaimIna, glUTamika amla, insyulina, gAmA-aimino byUTirika amla, sairITonina tathA kucha ainjAima utpanna hote haiN| ye nyUrohormona antarAkozikIya kSetra meM viparita hokara saMvedanoM yA uttejanoM ko dUsarI kozikAoM para saMcArita karate haiN|

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136 50 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha paM0 [ khaNDa ina rasAyanoM dvArA saMvedana-saMcaraNa kI prakriyA meM kucha bhautika parivartana bhI hote haiN| inake kAraNa kucha tatvoM kI kozikIya jhillI kI pravezana kSamatA meM vRddhi ho jAtI hai| isa kAraNa jhillI ke donoM ora vibhAnti avasthA meM vidyamAna vidyut zakti kI volTatA meM parivartana hotA hai| yaha volTatA parivartana bhI saMvedana-saMcaraNa ko prerita karatA hai| yaha pAyA gayA hai ki vizrAntikAla meM jhillI ke Ara-pAra kI volTatA - 0.45 milIvolTa hotI hai / yaha saMvedanasaMcaraNakAla meM, paristhitiyoM ke anusAra, nyUnAdhika ho jAtI hai| rAsAyanika padArthoM ke dvArA nyUrAnoM kI vidyuta bolTatA meM hone vAle parivartana se saMvega saMcaraNa ko prerita prakriyA mastiSka kriyA vidhi kI vidyuta AdhArita vyAkhyA hai / yaha spaSTa hai ki yadi saMcaraNa kI prakriyA meM bhAga lene vAle nyUrohArmona samucita mAtrA meM utpanna na hoM athavA vidyutavolTatA meM upayukta parivartana na ho, to mastiSka ko kriyAvidhi meM vyavadhAna yA apa / ava sAmAnyatA sambhava ho sakatI hai| zarIra aura mastiSka para dhyAna ke prabhAvoM kA vaijJAnika adhyayana prAcIna yogiyoM kI dhyAna ke prabhAvoM ke anubhUtigamya hone kI dhAraNA aba ke mAdhyama se unakI prayoga gamyatA meM pariNata ho gayI hai dhyAna ke do prakAra ke vaijJAnikoM kI anusaMdhAna sImA meM donoM prabhAvoM kA adhyayana samAhita hotA hai / dhyAna se zarIra taMtra kI vividha praNAliyoM para tIkSNa prabhAva par3atA hai / ina prabhAvoM ko zArIrika aura mAnasaka koTiyoM meM vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai / inakA saMkSepaNa nIce diyA jA rahA hai / dhyAna ke zArIrika prabhAva meM (i) sahaja nidrA : yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki Adhunika samasyAgrasta jIvana hamArA anukaMpI nAr3I saMsthAna sadA uttejita rahatA hai| isase zanaiH zanaiH aneka manovikAra aura roga janma lete haiN| icchAoM kA damana bhI inheM prerita karatA hai / auSadhiyoM inakA tAtkAlika upAya hI karatI haiN| ve bAhya doSa kA nivAraNa karatI haiM, para mUla kAraNa yathAvat rahate haiN| yahI nahIM, ye auSadhiyoM kAlAntara meM sahaja nidrA meM bhI vyavadhAna banatI haiN| isa dizA meM dhyAna uttama prabhAva utpanna karatA hai| isase prApta hone vAlI zArIrika aura mAnasika vizrAnti sahaja nidrA se bhI sukhakara koTi kI hotI hai / vaijJAnika prakriyAoM evaM upakaraNoM prabhAva hote haiM- dRzya aura adRzya | (ii) cayApacaya kI dara meM kamI dhyAnAbhyAsa se cayApacayI kriyAkalApoM kI dara meM kamI ho jAtI hai| isakA kAraNa vividha dizAoM kI ora se vRttiyoM ko haTAkara eka dizo pravartana hai| aneka dizo vRttiyoM se sakriyatA yA UrjA vyaya adhika hotA hai| eka dizI vRtti meM UrjA vyaya kama hone se UrjA utpAdaka cayApacaya ko dara bhI kama ho jAtI hai| (iii) kArbana-DAi-oNksAiDa evaM oNksIjana ke upabhoga kI mAtrA meM kamI / dhyAnAvasthA meM vizrAnti avasthA kI ora vRtti hone se cayApacayI dara meM kamI hotI hai| isa kriyA meM zvAsocchavAsa kI vAyu evaM kArbana-DAi-oNksAiDa kA gamanAgamana meM upayoga hotA hai| yaha pAyA gayA hai ki nidrAvasthA kI tulanA meM dhyAna kI avasthA meM oNksIjana ke upabhoga meM dasa pratizata kI apekSA bIsa pratizata kI kamI hotI hai / (iv) anya taMtroM para prabhAva (a) phephar3e kama mAtrA meM oNksIjana grahaNa karate haiM / (ba) zvAsocchavAsa kI gati pacAsa pratizata taka kama ho jAtI hai / (sa) vAyu ke antaH praveza kI gati bIsa pratizata taka kama ho jAtI hai / (da) hRdaya se rakta niSkAsana kI dara tathA dhar3akana kama ho jAtI hai / (ya) cayApacayI dara kI kamI se kozikAoM ko kama rakta kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| isase unheM vizrAma milatA hai aura unameM UrjA saMcaya ho jAtA hai /

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(ra) dhyAnAvasthA meM gailvenika tvacAvarodha 25 se 50 pratizata taka bar3ha jAtA hai / (la) dhyAna ke samaya blaDa lekTeTa ke nirmANa kI dara kama ho jAtI hai / (va) dhyAnAbhyAsa dhamaniyoM se raktapravAha kI dara bar3hA detA hai / isase nirupayogI padArthoM kA niSkAsana adhika hone lagatA hai / (v) rogopacAra : dhyAna se zithilIkaraNa hotA hai / isase durbala evaM rugNa UtakoM ko zakti evaM sakriyatA prApta hotI hai| isase raktacApa sAmAnya banA rahatA hai| dhyAna raktacApa kI uttama auSadhi hai / dhyAna svacAlita taMtrikA taMtra kI sakriyatA ko sthiratA detA hai| isase tanAvoM ke prati pratirodha kSamatA bar3ha jAtI hai / isase tanAva-janya UrjA kI kSatipUrti kI dara kaI gunI bar3ha jAtI hai / yoga aura dhyAna ke abhyAsa se DA0 zrInivAsa ne hRdaya roga ko zAnta karane meM kAphI saphalatA pAyI gaThiyA roga meM bhI lAbha hotA hai| dhyAna se damA, mirgI / unmAda meM bhI lAbha pAyA gayA hai / / isase dhyAna kA vaijJAni kavivecana 137 dhyAnAsana kI kriyAoM se jApAnavAsiyoM kI lambAI meM vRddhi dekhI gaI hai / DA0 pAse ne pUnA ke skUlI baccoM para dhyAna kA prayoga kara unakI lambAI meM 2.6 semI0 pratimAha kI vRddhi prApta kI / dhyAnika kriyAoM se asthi roga, atiamlatA, aneka carma roga, gaThiyA roga, sira darda, sira meM cakkara AnA, mitalI AnA, lakavA ( atinimna raktacApa ), speMDilAiTisa, elarjI ( prANa zakti kI kamI), atinidrA ( nimna raktacApa ), kabja Adi aneka sAmAnya va jaTila zArIrika vyAdhiyA~ dUra kI gaI haiM / aba yoga yA dhyAna cikitsA cikitsA vijJAna kI eka naI zAkhA ke rUpa meM vikasita ho rahI hai / mastiSka tantra para dhyAna ke prabhAva dhyAna ke samagra mAnasika prabhAvoM meM nimna pramukha haiM : (1) dainika jIvana meM tanAva-pratIkAra kSamatA meM AzAtIta vRddhi / (2) dainika anubhavoM ke prati adhika sajagatA evaM cetanatA / (3) zarIra aura mastiSka meM paraspara samucita samanvaya evaM sAmanjasya / (4) kriyAvAhI tantra ko saMvedanA aura sajagatA meM vRddhi / (5) bauddhika saMvedanazIlatA, samajhadArI tathA smaraNa zakti meM vRddhi / (6) buddhipUrvaka nirNaya lene kI kSamatA meM vRddhi | (7) mAnasika zakti meM vRddhi / (8) prANiyoM meM srajanAtmaka zakti kI kSamatA kA vikAsa / (9) lakSya, uddezya yA kArya ke prati ruci meM tIkSNatApUrNa vRddhi jisase Ananda aura santoSa kI anubhUti hotI hai / (10) zarIra kI AbhA aura prabhA meM vRddhi / (11) pIyUSikA granthi kA jAgaraNa aura sakriyaNa / (12) mastiSka ke dAyeM evaM bAyeM bhAga (cetana, sakriya) bhAga meM adhika santulana / (13) mastiSka kI kSamatA kI upayogitA kA pratizata 10% se adhika hone lagatA hai / (14) kaiMsara mukhyataH nirAzAvAdI dRSTikoNa kI upaja hai / dhyAna ke abhyAsa se isake upacAra meM kApho saphalatA dekho gaI hai / (15) mAnasika udvega madhumeha ke bhI mukhya kAraNa haiM / isa viSaya meM bhI dhyAna bahuta sahAyaka siddha huA hai / isa viSaya para pramukha anveSaNa bhArata meM hI ho rahe haiM / 18

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138 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa (16) svAmI rAma ne amerikA meM dhyAnAbhyAsa se apanI icchA-zakti ko tIna evaM niyantrita karane meM saphalatA pAI hai| isase ve aneka siddhiyAM pradarzita karate haiN| (17) dhyAna abhyAsa se sIjophreniyA (antarAbaMdha) ke samAna aneka mAnasika bImAriyAM dUra ho jAto haiN| mantra japana se zithilatA evaM ekAgratA prApta hoto hai / yaha dhyAna ko anya vidhAoM se bhI sambhava hai| (18) dhyAna ke samaya prArambha meM manuSya ke vAtAvaraNa meM ailphA-taraMgoM (8-15 haja) kI mAtrA bar3ha jAtI hai| ye mastiSka kI zakti evaM zAMti kI pratIka hai| bAda meM ye taraMgeM 40-45 sAikala prati sekeNDa kI tIbragAmI taraMgoM meM pariNata ho jAtI hai| dhyAna ke vibhinna prabhAvoM kI vaijJAnika vyAkhyA hamArI sajIvatA ke saMcAlana ke mukhya srota AhAra aura zvAsocchvAsa hai / yadyapi udara hamAre dRzya AhAra kA pramukha kendra hai, para Avega, saMvega aura vicAra bhI to hamAre mastiSka meM Ate jAte haiN| isa taraha hamArA udara tIna prakAra kA hotA hai jisameM AhAra jAve, jisameM vicAra jAve aura jisameM bhAvanAyeM aaveN| ye AhAra ho zvAsocchvAsa tathA zarIra tantra meM vidyamAna aneka srAvoM, ainjAimoM aura pAcaka rasoM kI sahAyatA se hone vAlI cayApacayI kriyAoM ke mAdhyama se hameM jIvana zakti pradAna karatA rahatA hai| hamAre zarIra kI agaNita kozikAyeM inhIM kriyAoM se jIvanazakti prApta karatI haiN| yadi inheM niyamita rUpa se aura samucita mAtrA meM UrjA na mile, to inake kArya evaM sAmaJjasya meM bAdhA A sakatI hai| eka sthala kI bAdhA sampUrNa tantra ko prabhAvita karatI hai| yadyapi zarIra-tantra para sabhI prakAra ke sahaja saMcAlana kA dAyitva hai, para tantra kI jaTilatA ko dekhate hae isameM samaya-samaya para, sthAnasthAna para pariveza evaM vidyata laghapathoM ke kAraNa asantulana, avarodha. apakSaya Adi sambhAvita hai| dhyAna ke vividha rUpoM ke abhyAsa se ye bAdhAeM dUra hotI haiM aura tantra zaktizAlI, sthira evaM niyamita banA rahatA hai / dhyAna kI eka sau bAraha prakriyAoM meM pramukha Asana aura prANAyAma ke do pramukha uddezya hote haiM-(i) zarIra ke vibhinna tantroM ko lacIlA evaM kriyAzIla banAye rakhanA tathA (ii) zvAsocchvAsa ke dvArA sampUrNa zarIra aura usake vividha aMgoM meM vAyu yA oNksIjana pahu~cAnA / prArambha meM yaha zvAsocchvAsa hI 'prANa' mAnA jAtA thA, isI se prANI nAma hai| isase phephar3oM evaM rakta ke mAdhyama se sampUrNa zarIra tantra ke kAryakArI ghaTakoM meM oNksIjana pahu~cAyA jAtA hai| isake samacita abhyAsa se cayApacayI kriyA ko pUrNatA se pUrvokta aneka bAdhAyeM dUra hotI haiM aura doghaMjIvitA Ato hai| yaha dekhA gayA hai ki adhikAMza prANiyoM meM yaha Adarza sthiti nahIM hotii| aneka kAraka isa asantulita sthiti ko janma dete * prANAyAma kI zvAsAcchavAsa prakriyA ko tIbratA, mandatA yA stambhana zarIra tantra meM adhika vAyu pradAna karatA hai| isase uparokta kAraNoM se damita yA mandita cayApacayo kriyAoM evaM avarodhoM meM samApti kI dazA banatI hai| isase kozikIya vikAsa sahaja gati se hotA rahatA hai / zarIra kI antaHUrjA kozikAoM ko sakriyatA evaM cayApacayI kriyAoM kI pUrNatA para nirbhara karatI hai| dhyAna dvArA ye donoM hI lakSya prApta hote haiM / phalataH zarIra meM UrjA kI mAtrA saMtulita aura vardhamAna hotI hai / cayApacayI kriyAoM meM utpanna UrjA hI prANazakti kahalAtI hai / nizcita rUpa se yaha pAMca prakAra ke prANoM se sUkSmatara hai / sAmAnyataH prANa aNu hote haiM, kriyA ke samaya ve paramANurUpa ho jAte haiM aura upayogitA ke samaya ve zaktirUpa meM vyakta hote haiN| isa prakAra prANa uttarottara sUkSmatara hote jAte haiN| yaha pAyA gayA hai ki dhyAna isa zakti meM vRddhi karatA hai / yaha zakti aura isakA saMkendraNa hI dhyAna ke atirikta usake vividha sahayogo rUpa-maMtra, japa Adi se hone vAle zithilIkaraNa evaM

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dhyAna kA vaijJAnika vivecana 139 vizrAnti ke kAraNa bhI baDhatI hai / isakI prabalatA hI sparza-cikitsA ke prabhAva kA mUla kAraNa hai / yaha pAyA gayA hai ki prabala prANazakti ke sparza se rogI ke rakta meM homoglobina kI mAtrA bar3ha jAtI hai / dhyAna kA eka anya uddezya bhI hai jo sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa hai| uparokta prakriyA meM prANazakti kI vRddhi evaM saMcaya mAtra huA hai / yahI hamAre jIvana kI, mana, vacana aura zarIra kI saMcAlaka zakti hai| jIvana kI vividha dizAoM meM itanI bhinnatA hai ki kabhI-kabhI to samucita saMtulana hetu zarIra meM vidyamAna prANazakti ko kamI kA anubhava hone lagatA hai / dhyAna isa kamI ko dUra karatA hai / vaha pravRttiyoM kI vividhatAoM para niyaMtraNa karatA hai aura eka viziSTa dizA detA hai| isase anAvazyaka zakti ke vyaya meM bahuta kamI ho jAtI hai aura hamArA jIvana sadaiva zakti saMpanna banA rahatA hai / yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki hamArA mastiSka zarIra kA do pratizata bhAga hI hai, para vaha apanI vividha kriyAyeM saMpanna karane meM zarIra kI samagra UrjA kA bIsa pratizata taka vyaya karatA hai| dhyAna ke abhyAsa se vicAroM kI vividhatA samApta hokara ekalakSyI nivicAratA AtI hai / isa sthiti meM zakti kA vyaya kama hotA hai / isa prakAra zakti-saMvardhana tathA zakti-vyaya meM apratyAzita kamI se prANI meM adbhuta avasthA vikasita hotI hai| umAsvAti kA 'labdhi pratyayaM ca sUtra saMbhavataH isI zaktisaMpannatA kI abhivyakti ko vyakta karatA hai| prANa zakti aura taijasa zarIra janoM ne pAMca zarIra mAne haiM-audArika, vaikriyaka, AhAraka, taijasa aura kaarmnn| inameM taijama aura kAmaMNa zarIra sUkSma aura adRzya hote haiM / nirbANa prApti ke pUrva ye sadaiva jIva-saMbaddha rahate haiM / zarIroM kA yaha nAma krama uttarottara sUkSmatA ke AdhAra para yaha mAnA jAtA hai / yaha krama prathama tona zaroroM ke liye to ThIka hai, para antima do sUkSma zarIroM ke liye vicAraNIya lagatA hai| taijasa zarIra ko sahI rUpa meM samajhane ke liye zAstro ne bhI kucha prazna lagAye hai| yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki yaha tejorUpa hai. jvAlA ( UrjA ) rUpa hai, paramANu pracayita ( kaNikAmaya ) hone para sUkSmatara hai| .. kArmaNa zarIra isase bhI anaMtagunA sUkSmatara hai / zAstroM meM prAyaH sarvatra hI kAmaMNa zarIra ko paramANu-pracaya rUpa hI mAnA hai / mahAprajJa aura anyoM ne taijasa zarIra kI UrjAtmaka rUpa meM hI vyAkhyA kI hai| yaha UrjA USmA, prakAza yA vidyutkisI bhI rUpa meM ho sakatI hai| isake viparyAsa meM kArmaNa zarIra ko tejorUpa nahIM mAnA jaataa| AinsTIna ke samIkaraNa ( UrjA-dravyamAna prakAzavega kA varga = mc ) ke anusAra, vibhinna UrjAoM kA dravyamAna, ausata taraMga-dadhyaM ke AdhAra / para ilaikTrAna-jaise sUkSma kaNa se alpatara (10-21-10-35g) parikalita hotA hai / phalataH dravyamAna ke AdhAra para vibhinna UrjAyeM yA taijasarUpa sUkSmatara hotI haiM / ye paramANu ke sUkSmatara maulika avayavoM-phoTAnoM ke rUpa hai| vistAra ke AdhAra para bhI ye kaNikAyeM ilekTrAna koM se sUkSmatara hote haiN| prakAza, USmA aura dhvani ko tulanA meM kAmaNa zarIra kI kaNikAyeM vRhattara honI caahie| anyathA ye taijasarUpa meM hI samAhita ho jAtI / phalataH taijasa aura kAmaNa zarIra kI zAstrIya sUkSmatA kA AdhAra dravyamAna hai yA vistAra, yaha spaSTa nahIM hai / Adhunika bhautika dRSTi se taijasa UrjAyeM kAmaNa se sUkSmatara mAnI jAtI haiN| yaha prazna uThatA hai ki pahake kAmaMNa zarIra hotA hai yA taijasa zarIra ? vastutaH ye donoM anyAnyAzrita hai / eka-dUsare ke preraka aura janmadAtA hai| dhyAnI kahate haiM ki taijasa zarIra prANazakti yA zArIrika antaHkriyAoM meM utpanna hone vAlI UrjAzakti hai| ataH jabataka zArIrika antaHkriyAyeM nahIM hotI, prANazakti kA utpAdana yA vikAsa nahIM ho sakatA / ataH lagatA hai ki kArmaNa zarIra taijasa zarIra kA pUrvavartI honA caahiye| yaha mAnyatA, phalataH sahI lagatI hai ki paryApti prANa kA kAraNa hai| paryAptiyoM ko kArmaNa zarIra ke samakakSa mAnanA cAhiye / paryApti svayaM zaktirUpa nahIM, apitu prANazakti kI janmadAtrI hai|

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[ khaNDa 140 paM 0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha dhyAnAbhyAsa kI dRSTi se, zarIra kI yaha antaHzakti yA prANazakti zAstrIya taijasa zarIra kA eka rUpa hai / yahI zarIra aura mastiSka ko aneka prakAra se prabhAvita kara usakI kSamatA meM vRddhi karatI hai / jaba mastiSka prANavAn hotA hai, taba manaHzakti kA anubhava hotA hai| jaba zarIra prANavAn hotA hai, taba prANazakti abhivyakta hotI hai / ina donoM ke samparka meM Ane se sAMdraNa sela ( mastiSka meM AksIjana kI adhikatA, anya tantroM meM isakI sAmAnya mAtrA ) banatA haiN| isase vidyut UrjA utpanna hotI hai / ise hI zarIra vidyuta kahate haiM / ise zarIra ke kinhIM do bhinna aura viziSTa kendroM meM ilekTroDa lagAkara yantroM dvArA samparkita kara parakhA jA sakatA hai| isa samparka ko iDA-piMgalA nAr3iyoM ke samparka ke rUpa meM aneka zAstroM meM varNita kiyA gayA hai| isa vidyuta ke kAraNa zarIra meM kiMcit cumbakIya guNa bhI A jAte haiM / zarIra tantra meM vyakta hone vAlI ina vibhinna zaktiyoM (prANa, mana, vidyuta Adi) kA samaveta rUpa hI Adhunika dRSTi se cetanA zakti ke samakakSa mAnA jA sakatA hai / ise zAstrIya jana zAyada hI svIkAra kreN| dhyAna isa cetanA zakti kA saMvardhana evaM kendraNa karatA hai| mana aura zarIra kI asAmAnya uttejana yA bhAvanAtmaka dazAoM meM tantra ke ina vidyuta aura cumbakIya guNoM meM nyUnAdhikatA hotI rahatI hai| dhyAna ise bhI niyantrita karatA hai / vaijJAnika parIkSaNoM kA niSkarSa aura dhyAna ko upayogitA dhyAna para vibhinna dazAoM meM kiye gaye prayoga spaSTa karate haiM ki yaha zarIra tantra kA zodhana kara usakI sakriyatA bar3hAtA hai / vaha mAnava meM asAmAnya UrjA kI vRddhi karatA hai / dhyAna ke samaya sAmAnya karma, pravRtti, prayatna zAnta hote haiM, vizrAnti rahatI hai para viziSTa karma karane kI kSamatA meM AzAtIta vRddhi hotI hai / hamAre zAstra aura AcArya dhyAna kA lakSya parA - indriya bodha evaM adhyAtma hI pramukha mAnate / vaijJAnika vicAradhArA ke anusAra ye anubhUtiyA~ yA labdhiyA~ zArIrika yA mAnasika vikAsa ke hI UdhvaMmukhI rUpa haiM / isIliye uttaravartI jainAcAryoM ne zArIrika aura mAnasika UrjAoM ko Urdhvamukha karane vAle sabhI prakamoM ko dhyAna meM samAhita kiyA hai| dhyAna ke aneka lAbha ina prakramoM ke AnuSaMgika phala haiM / isa prakAra, zAstrIya vivaraNa dhyAna ke jina tatvoM ko pramukha mAnatA hai vaijJAnika unheM AnuSaMgika mAnakara aura bho adhika lAbhAnvita hotA hai / paThanIya sAmagrI 1 yoga vidyA (1978 - 83 ); vihAra yoga vidyAlaya, muMgera ( bihAra ) / 2. hindustAna TAimsa, 5 julAI 1987 | 3. yuvAcArya mahAyajJa : prekSA dhyAna kA yAtrApatha : jana vizva bhAratI, lADanUM, 1984 / 4. ugrAdityAcArya : kalyANakAraka, sakhArAma nemacandra graMthamAlA, zolApura, 1940 / 5. yuvAcArya mahAyajJa AbhA maMDala, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanU 1984 / 6. sI0 eca0 besTa aiNDa ena0 bI0 Telara; dI phijiyolojikala besisa Ava meDikala prekTisa, sAiMTiphika buka ejensI, kalakattA, 1967 / 7. AcArya rajanIza; rajanIza dhyAna yoga, rajanIza dhAma, pUnA, 1987 / 8. paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI; jaina zAstroM meM vaijJAnika saMketa, ( isI graMtha kA vijJAna khaMDa ) |

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Preksha Meditation : Perception of Psychic Centres MUNI-SHRI MAHENDRA KUMAR Anuvrat Vihar, New Delhi. Philosophy teaches us to realise that our existence is functioning in duality, i.e. there is a spiritual self within a physical body. Science is also proving that life's processes for man lie almost wholly within himself and are amenable to control. The control has to be exercised by the power of the spiritual self, and that inherent potency can be developed by knowing how to live properly, which includes eating, drinking and breathing properly as well as thinking properly. What is Preksa-Dhyana ? Preksa-dhyana is a technique of meditation for attitudinal change, behavioural modification and integrated development of personality. It is based on the wisdom of ancient philosophy and has been formulated in terms of modern scientific concepts. This synthesis of the ancient wisdom and the modern scientific knowledge would help in achieving the blissful aim of establishing amity, peace and happiness in the world by eradicating the beastal urges such as cruelty, retaliation and hate. The different methods of preksa (i.e. perception) are methods of ultimate transformation in inner consciousness. Here, there is no need to sermonize for adopting virtues and giving up evils. When one starts practising perception, one experiences himself that he is changing, that anger and fear are pacifying, that one is getting transformed into a righteous person. In this essay perception of psychic centres is discussed in detail. Every man wishes to develop his personality and become a good man. But the question is-What is the process by which one can develop an integrated personality? The answer is -perception of psychic centres. It is a process of harmonizing products of one's endocrine system and thereby achieving the development of integrated personality. There are certain portions in our body where psychic energy is more concentrated than the other parts. These, therefore, are psychic centres. Preception of psychic centres means "focusing of full attention on these centres, and meditation of these centres with concentration. These centres are associated with ductless glands which are situated at these places and are called "endocrines." The endocrines exert profound influence on mental states and behaviour of an individual. One of the main purposes of meditation is to eradicate evil from the way of life, behaviour and attitude of a person. The question is: Why do the attitude and behaviour get vitiated in the first place? What controls these personality factors ? What are the regulators and how do they regulate? It has now been established by scientific research

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142 pa0 jagamohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [405 that every mental and emotional event is linked to hormones and neurohormones produced by the specialised nerves, hypothalamus and the endocrines. A whole new nervous system based on chemical substances is being mapped out in laboratories all over the world. Systematic meditation prescribing concentration on psychic centres, i.e. concentrated perception of endocrine glands and certain controlling of the brain, gives the average person a safe means of controlling his moods and altering behaviour too. It could teach practical methods of treating emotional disorders and drug addictions. For a lasting change of attitude and behaviour, one must transmute the synthesization of the hormones. Same is the case for a permanent control of one's moods and altering one's way of life-transmutation of hormonal synthesization. Perception of psychic centres is a safe, practical, easy-to-learn. technique for obtaining these results. Today eminent doctors, specialists and general practitioners alike, have realised that meditation is a powerful tool, both for healing and maintaining good health. Irrefutable scientific proofs now available show that meditation and consciously achieved total relaxation can cure and prevent any number of diseases which are caused by tension and stress. Scientific investigations have provided evidence that regular practice of meditation positively influences the control mechanism which is ultimately responsible for the homeostasis in the body. It produces a more balanced equilibrium between the sympathetic and the parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system. The benefits of meditational practice are (measurable and can be obtained by anybody who cares to learn the technique and practise it regularly. Improvement of physical health and cure (and prevention) of serious illnesses without injurious drugs, though valuable contribution, is not the only or even the chief objective of meditation. It is, in reality, the apparatus for controlling one's irrational instincts of anger, aggression, cruelty, vindictiveness and fear. It is a tool for awakening and developing one's conscious reasoning and thereby modifying one's attitude and behaviour to be truly worthy of a human being. It is a "process of remedying inner discord" as aptly stated by Willaim James. The main objective of meditation is, thus, not to acquire physical goodness but to acquire total psychical goodness by eradicating all evil from one's thoughts, speech and action. We now know that the irrational instincts and impulses emanate from the endocrines, and not from the brain. They not only generate feelings but also demand appropriate action to satisfy the need. All the impelling forces are produced by the endocrine secretions called hormones. Hormones have profound influence upon the mental states and tendencies, behavioural patterns as well as emotions of an individual. Frequent emotional stresses result in psychological distortions and irrational behaviour. It follows from this that for rational development of various personality factors, it is necessary to transmute the synthesization of the chemical messengers-hormones and neuro-hormones. It has been established by the use of the bio-feedback and other scientific measuring equipments that meditation has the power to alter the electrical activity of the nervous system as well as transmute the synthesization of the chemical messengers. The endocrines are the associates of the

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Preksha Meditation : Perception of Psychic Centres 983 psychic centres. Regular practice of perception of these psychic centres. Will (a) immensely strengthen the power of the unique human attribute-rational thinking and conscious reasoning, and (b) weaken the forces of irrational impulses and primal drives. The cumulative effect of this two-fold transformation would ultimately eradicate the psychological distortions and irrational behaviour. Raison D'etre Though every man does possess a reasoning mind, it is not capable of just and fair reasoning until properly developed. Till then man's response to the insistence of his impulses is based on his intelligence and a priori logic. His judgement is then devoid of conscious reasoning. In fact, the logic is often so tinged by the intense impulses that they overwhelm the supposed reasoning. At such times reasoning seeks proofs to justify the action demanded by the instincts. Thus, it is essential to develop and evolve the reasoning mind in order to master the impelling forces of the primal urges. Development of Reasoning Mind (Viveka-cetana) Powerful development of conscious reasoning and rational judgement alone can control and destroy the dominance of animal impulses, savage traditions, superstitions and numerous traditional and conventional beliefs. Dangerous impulsive forces would then either be creatively utilised or eliminated. What is necessary, then, is the development of that unique attribute of mankind which is called reasoning mind and rational thinking and ultimately establish control of conscious reasoning over all the activitiesphysical, mental and emotional. Hormony of the Endocrine System The endocrines are the tuning keys that tighten up or lighten up the driving forces of the organism. They are, therefore, the psychic centres. They form a system and cannot perform or function separately. Each influences the rest in the chain. The system is inter-related by chemical processes and inter-locked with the brain and the nervous system. Our thoughts affect the endocrines as the latter also influence our brain and mind. Imbalance or discordance in the endocrine system will vitiate the thought and produce psychological distortions e.g. over-activity of the gonads will cause the mind to dwell on matters sexual, cause peevishness or irrational fear. Practice of the perception of psychic centres has the capacity to restore equilibrium in the endocrine system to strengthen the power of reasoning mind and weaken the forces of primal urges. Incompleteness of the Surgical Remedy Meditation is a process of integrated development of personality. It changes habits, refines attitude and behaviour and transforms the entire personality of the practitioner. The result of meditational practice can be observed, defined and interpreted scientifically. Modern science has proved that life's processes lie almost wholly within

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144 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ DaNkha oneself and are amenable to transformation. It has been established by the use of the feedback equipments that meditation changes the electrical activity as well as transmutes the synthesization of hormones. RNA (Ribonucleic acid) is a product of the internal cellular activities. It is believed that this chemical substance plays an important role in the personality of an individual, It follows that tranformation of this factor can help in changing one's personality. Old habits can be changed to new ones. Our organisation has three different stages of conscious activities. The first is the centre where most subtle conscious radiations are generated as waves. The second is the medium through which it is propagated and transformed into crude power and the third is the area where it manifests itself as a physical activity. All these take place in the organism through the internal organisation. For fnstance, take anger: it starts, as an impulsive reaction to some aggressive situation, in the form of a wave-radiation from the innermost recesses of consciousness (stage no. 1). It reaches and reacts with brain and nerves (stage no. 2) and finally manifests itself in various parts of the body (stage no. 3). Modern science would describe the same sequence thus : Anger starts as an impulsive reaction to some aggressive situation in the form of a wave-radiation from the consciousness. It reaches the brain and activates the pituitary through hypothalamus. Pituitary-hormone (ACTH) reaches and reacts with the adrenal gland and stimulates it to release adrenaline in the blood stream which reaches the motor area in the brain via the neuro-transmitters. Finally it manifests itself by producing certain physiological conditions making the body ready for aggression. Thus, science is aware of the centre of impulses and the paths of their transmission to the brain. If the transmission line is surgically destroyed, the instinct cannot generate feeling and is incapable of commending action. By stimulating or inhibiting certain portions of the brain, particularly hypothalamus, anger, fear, sexual excitement and other urges can be neutralized. The field that manifests them remains passive because the transmission is cut off. It must, however, he remembered that in such operation, only the transmission of the impulsive agitation is cut off but the generation is not stopped and continues. The manifestation in the final field does not occur but the primary centre of agitation remains active. This means that by blocking the transmission, a temporary transformation of the behaviour is achieved, but origin of the agitation remains as active as before. In other words, a mask is used to hide tne hediousness of the face while the face continues to remain as hedious as before. The change is external, superfluous, not internal and intrinsic. Thus, the surgical treatment of controlling the impulsive forces can be looked upon as an expedient and not a permanent solution of the problem. The permanent remedy is to achieve a state of blissful, nonchalant tranquillity in which the impelling force of the urge fails to generate the wave. Frequent repeatitions strengthen the agitational forces of impulsive drives such as anger, fear etc. Anger, for example, grows if it is fed with anger. If no nourishment is fed to anger, it will wither and die down. Psychic science (adhyatma)

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Preksha Meditation : Perception of Psychic Centres 98% is based on the doctrine of equanimity and its technique is self-awareness. Self-awareness is the foundation of tranquil (waveless) consciousness. When one reaches this state, there is neither like nor dislike, neither attachment nor aversion. In this state of consciousness the wave of anger is not suppressed, but the factor which generates the wave of anger is eradicated. Whereas the surgical implement or medicinal remedies strike at the brain, spinal cord or nesves i. e. the instruments of transmission, the self-awareness and transmission system but the prime mover that drives the generation of impulses. It is a process of extermination from the roots and that is why the solution is permanent and everlasting. The technique of realising the tranquil (waveless) state is the perception of physic centres. Thus the perception of psychic centres is not merely an important means of self-realisation, it is the only means, Contact with the Subconscious Mind All the (endocrine) glands in our body are components of the sub-conscious self. Because they affect the brain, they are more powerful and important than the brain. If they are properly harmonised by proper and efficient meditation, one becomes free from fear; and freedom from fear means freedom from all hurdles. Endocrinology-science of endocrinesdoes not specify the proper method of harmonising the system. Only the psychic science can show the way in this regard. And the method shown by it is regular practice of meditation. Meditation (concentrated perception) of psychic centres (fields of neuronal endocrine action) removes distortion and discordance from the system. The more profound the concentration, the more harmonised will the system become. And this will result in freedom from fear, cruelty and other psychological distortion. A new personality will be evolved with regenerated, revitalised and rejuvenated conscious mind. The psychic centre of intuition (associated with pituitary) is the centre of intuitive insight. It is also the centre of internal vision and right vision. When one meditates on this psychic centre, one is able to reach and communicate with the inner super-consciousness. The capacity of our conscious mind is limited in the field of personality development. While it is adequately capable (if developled by proper education) of coping up with arguments, hypothesis, critical evaluation and creative imagination on the fields of science, art and literature etc, it is not always capable of controlling behavioural patterns of the individual. Indeed, by far the greater part of one's behaviour is not controlled by conscious decisions. It follows, therfore, that this faculty cannot bring about changes in the attitude and behaviour of a person, let alone realising a tranquil (waveless-bereft of agitation and excitation) state. However, when one practises perception of the psychic centre of intuition, one's will and determination can transcend the conscious mind and reach the sub-conscious mind. It can even penetrate further and reach the fields of 'lesya' and 'adhyavasaya' i.e. the subtle most inner conscious levels. Then the blissful tranquil state is realised, and attitude and behaviour drastically changed. Tour of the Psychic Centres by Conscious Mind Mind is ever wandering. It takes a tour of the body from head to foot. Sometimes it wanders about in the upper region and sometimes in the other region. Sometimes

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146 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ Cos it dips into the memory story and is suddenly filled with violence or hatred or intense dislike; on the other hand sometimes it is filled with benevolent thoughts and at times it is mentally prepared to renounce to world. Why does this happen? Why do the sentiments change? Who opens the door or window of the memory store ? It is none else but our own conscious mind. Whenever and wherever our attention is fixed on whichever organ or gland or psychic centre or a particular part of the body, the attention is concentrated or focussed on that part and the organ or centre is stimulated. Once, this simple rule is known, it becomes easy for a 'sadhaka' to choose the centre of concentration. For integrated development of personality, it is necessary to meditate on those centres which are responsible for and control our attitude, behaviour and personality factors. These are : (1) centre of purity (visuddhi kendra), (2) centre of intuition (darsana kendra), (3) centre of enlightenment (jyoti kendra), (4) centre of peace (santi kendra), and (5) centre of wisdom (jnana kendra); these five psychic centres regulate and control our personality factors and, therefore, our behaviour. Perception of these centres purges out distortions from our thoughts and deeds, changes negative attitudes to positive ones and aesthetices our character and behaviour. It is true that environmental conditions influence our emotional nature. But environment is not the material cause or primary reason. The main cause is the synthesization of hormonal secretions by our endocrines. This then, is the material cause, while the environmental conditions are the immediate cause. We have to modify the material cause as well as the immediate one. However, primary importance must be given to the former, while the environmental circumstances can be given the second place. The impelling forces of the emotional drives are derived from the translation of the intangible past recorded in the inner subtle body (karmasarira). The endocrine system is the inter-communicating computer or transformer between the subtle and the gross bodies. Hormones produced by the endocrines act as chemical messengers and integrate the organism. Once the wise sadhaka learns this truth and its implications, he will not be bogged down in the superfluous outer bodily functions, but delve deeper inside. Ultimately, he will come face to face with the inner subtle body and the intangible code of the recorded past. This, in reality, is the main purpose of the spiritual exercises-to delve deeper and deeper, till one reaches the subtle body, decode and interpret the imperceptible forces of Karma, which is the primemover of the endocrine activity. Nay, he should go still further and realise his own real self, the psyche or the soul, who is the real master, activating the subtle as well as the gross bodies. The psychic action is ceaseless i.e. the flow of spiritual energy is constant. When the flow is directed towards upper psychic centres, the result is goodness or godliness, but when the flow is directed towards the nether centres which are the generators of passions and urges, the result is evil and distorted thought and deed. When the flow of psychic energy activates nether centres i.e. adrenals and gonads which, by synthesization of their produces, incite the passionate urges like anger and aggerssion, and which provide the impelling force to the primal drives, the result will be irrational behaviour and impulsive action.,

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Preksha Meditation : Perception of Psychic Centres 147 It follows from the above that once the rules and regulations governing the flow of psychic energy are learnt i.e. which flow produces evil and which produces good, we can remain in complete command of our urges and impulses, eradicate evil from our behaviour and achieve total goodness. There are several psychic centres in different parts of the body. Focussing our psychic attention on these centres-concentrated perception of these centres--would open doors and windows through which the super-consciousness would give us a sense of wisdom and subdue our animal impulses. hindI sArAMza prekSAdhyAna : caitanyakendroM kA darzana munizrI mahendrakumAra aNuvrata vihAra, dillI __dhyAna kA uddezya hamAre vyavahAra, manovRtti, vyaktitva evaM pariveza kA prazasta rupAMtaraNa hai| yaha taraMgAtIta zAMta sthiti, ataH siddha dazA lAtA hai| pUrvAcAryoM ke jJAna tathA Adhunika vaijJAnika upalabdhiyoM ke saMzleSaNa se prekSA-dhyAna kI prakriyA vikasita kI gaI hai| isase manuSya kI pazuvRttiyA~ naSTa hotI haiM evaM zAMti, sukha evaM siddhiyA~ prApta hotI haiN| dhyAna dvArA rupAMtaraNa ke liye upadezoM kI nahIM, abhyAsa kI AvazyakatA hai| prekSAdhyAna meM vibhinna caitanya kendroM kI prekSA kI jAtI hai| ye mukhyataH pAMca haiM-vizuddhi, darzana, jJAna, jyoti evaM zAMti kendra / ye kendra zarIra ke vAhinIhIna pranthitaMtra se sahacarita hote haiM jo hamAre mastiSka aura nAr3I saMsthAna ko prabhAvita karatA hai aura viziSTa prakAra ke hArmonoM ke utpAda para niyaMtraNa kara hamAre mana aura bhAvoM ko bhI niyaMtrita karatA hai| yaha graMthitaMtra sthUla evaM sUkSma zarIra ke bIca setu kA kAma karatA hai| DAkTaroM ne pAyA hai ki yaha dhyAna aneka gaMbhIra rogoM ko zAMta karatA hai| kintu zArIrika svAsthya hI dhyAna kA kArya nahIM hai, usakA kArya to antarcetanA kA prazastIkaraNa hai| prekSAdhyAna nimitta aura upAdAna-donoM ko prabhAvita karanA hai|

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Lesya Dhyana YUVACHARYA MAHAPRAJNA Jain Vishwabharti, Ladnun (Rajasthan) Colour and Psychology Our entire life is profoundly influenced by colours. Today psychologists and scientists have discovered that colour is the most important of the environmental factors which affect the conscious, subconscious and unconscious mind of a person. Colour profoundly affects our entire personality. Light and colour profoundly affect the health and behaviour of living beings. Importance of sunlight to the vegetable kingdom is universally accepted. Ancient as well as modern science have been keenly interested in the studies of the effect of different colours on the physical, mental and emotional states and behavioural patterns of human beings as well as other animals. Colour-healers of 19th century claimed to cure everything from constipation to meningitis with coloured glass filters. Inevitably it was discredited. However it has been rejuvenated under the new names of photobiology and colour-therapy. Richard J. Wurtman, nutritionist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, says. clear that light is the most important environmental input after food, in controlling bodily functions." Several experiments have shown that different colours affect blood-pressure, pulse and respiration-rate as well as brain-activity and bio-rhythms. As a result, colours are now used in the treatment of a viriety of diseases. Perception of Psychic Colours Lesya-dhyana is perception of psychic colours in conjunction with psychic centres. It is the most important exercise in the system of Preksha meditation. In this exercise, the practitioner concentrates his full attention on a particular psychic centre and then visualises a specific colour on that centre. However, it is necessary for him to be proficient in practising relaxation, perception of breath, perception of body and perception of psychic centres, before he practises perception of psychic colours. A mountaineer who wants to climb the Everest, must first establish a base-camp and then plan his ascent in stages to reach the peak. The climbing process has its own order. Nobody can ignore the order and jump up on the peak. In the same way, one is not competent enough to practice Lesya dhyana until (1) One is thoroughly conversant with numerous physical and mental Functions; (2) One has experienced the subtle vibration, produced by the flow of vital energy, which is concomitant with these functions; (3) One has developed full competency to grasp and perceive with equanimity the above-mentioned vibrations;

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Lesya Dhyana 98 (4) One has attained, by sustained conscious effort, the insight to interpret the functions of various psychic centres and their secretions (hormones). Arrangement and Synthesization of Colours It has been shown that colour has profound influence on our body, mind, emotions, passions etc, Physical health or sickness, mental equilibrium or upset, stimulation or inhibi. tion of impulses-all these depend upon our adjustment of various colours i. e. replenishment of deficient colour with specific centre. For instance, deficiency of blue colour in our body results in being short-tempered. Meditation of blue colour rsmoves the deficiency and the habit subsides. Deficiency of white colour produces agitation, that of red colour stimulates laziness and indecision, and that of yellow colour enervates the nervous system. Daily practice of visualization and perception of white colour on Jyotikendra, red colour (rising sun) on darsana kendra and yellow colour on jnana kendra for 8-10 minutes will result in tranquillity, activencess and revitalization of nervous system respectively. When you are facing a serious problem with no apparent solution, try this simple experiment : Quietly sit down and relax; breathe slowly; keep your body motionless and limp; close the eyes softly, perceive golden yellow colour (padma lesya) on caksus kendra or ananda kendra for ten minutes. A solution of the problem will present itself. Technique of Perception of Psychic Colours Lesya dhyana is perception of psychic colours. In this practice, we perceive a specific colour on a specific psychic centre. Since, for a successful meditational session, actual appearance of the desired colour is assential, it is necessary to know fully about the quality of various colours. First of all, all colours are divided in two categories: (1) bright or shining colours which emit or reflect most of the light falling on it, and (ll) dark and gloomy colours which do not emit, do not reflect much, but absorb most of the light. Dull and gloomy black, blue and grey are inauspicious, but bright black etc. are not so. Similarly bright red, yellow and white are auspicious, but dark and dull red, etc. are not so. In Lesya dhyana we visualize bright colours and not gloomy ones. In lesya dhyana, the 1. Luminous objects-sun, moon, stars, lighted bulb or tubeligt etc. emit lights of different colours, e. g. a rising sun first emits red, then orange and then white light. All these are bright colours. Other objects can be seen when light falls upon them. Brightness or dullness of their colours will depend upon how much of the falling light is reflected and how much is absorbed. Thus, colour of a polished surface will be bright, bacause most of the light is reflected, e. g. moonlight itself or sunlight reflected by snow is bright white. On the other hand, a dark or gloomy colour would be seen in a dull surface, e. g. colour of ash in gloomy grey. Red yellow and white are auspicious colours only when they are bright The colour of most flowers is bright when they are fresh but becomes gloony when the same flower is withhered or dried.

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150 50 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ aug following five bright colours are visualised : 1. Green colour as of emerald. 2. Blus colour as of peacok's neck. Red colour as of rising sun. 4. Yellow colour as of sun-flower or gold. 5. White colour as of full moon or snow. To bring about the actual appearance of desired colour, it is essential to concentrate and actually see the colour mentally. Visualization is the key to this technique. Once it is sustained and intensified, the mind will project the colour and there would be actual appearance. Visual aids in the form of coloured bulbs or coloured cellophene paper wrapped on the lighted bulbs are useful. When one looks at a source of coloured light with open and unwinking eyes for a few moments, he will visualize it with closed eyes. For actual appearance of colour, steadiness and conncentration of mind is essential. Concentration here means intensified and sustained visualization of a single colour. As mental steadiness increases and visulization is intensified, the desired colour is produced by the subtle taijasa body and the mental picture actually projects itself. At this stage the experience is real and not imaginary. As already stated at the outset, practice of lesya dhyana is comparable to reaching the peak of a mountain. Success is likely to vary widely from person to person. Some may achieve a significant success in very short time, while another may take a long time and will have to practise it patiently for deriving measurable benefits. No one need, however, be disappointed, because with presistent efforts everybody will ultimately be adequately benefitted. Every practitioner is endowed with infinite potential capability, but he is not aware of this. What is needed is self-reliance and patient development of the potential capability into active competence. Frequently, instead of the desired colour, some other colour appears. This should not discourage the practitioner. In fact, appearance of any colour is a proof that the teachnique is well in hand, and is, therefore, a good sign. Appearance of a colour is the result of the steadiness of mind and concentration. Though this cannot be considered as a remarkable achievement, yet it has its own importance, because it strengthens reverence and belief of the practitioner. In the absence of any experience it looks as if the meditational practice is not proving fruitful. Experience-small or big serves a lot of purpose. Auto-suggestion and Intense Willing One of the important points in the technique of lesya dhyana is the actual experience of various results and changes accruing from the effect of perceiving different colours. To strengthen the result of meditational practice, an important exercise is auto-suggestion. A new therapy called 'autogenic therapy is being developed in the western countries recently. The basic principle of this therapy is self-hypnosis or auto-suggestion.

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Lesya Dhyana 989 One visualizes a state or a condition, intensifies it, and then experiences it. This exercise is called exercise of bhavana (intense willing) in philosophy. By its practice, one can change one's own self as well as the environment, i. e. one can achieve internal as well as external change. For instance, when one practises perception of bright white colour (as that of a fullmoon) on Jyoti Kendra, first he visualizes that white luminescence is spreading all round his body and envelops him, next, he, by auto-suggestion, visualizes that his aura is completely permeated with white radiance; after that he intensely wills, "My anger is subsiding, my agitation and excitation are being pacified, my urges and impulses are abating, and finally experiences growing peace and tranquility. Technique of Meditation Premeditation Exercise No-1: Relaxation (Kayotsarga)-This is an essential precondition of meditational practice, resulting in steadiness of the body. The whole body is mentally divided into several convenient parts and full attention is concentrated on each part, By the process of auto-suggestion, each part is relaxed and the relaxation experienced. The relaxed and motionless state of the body is maintained throughout the meditation session. Simultaneously. there should be a keen awareness of the spiritual self. This exercise will take 7 to 10 minutes. Premeditation Exercise No-2: Internal Trip (Antaryatra)-Full attention is to be concentrated on the bottom of the spine called sakti Kendra. It is then directed to travel upwards along the spinal cord to the top of the head jnana kendra. When the top is reached, direct the attention to move downwards taking the same path until it reaches Sakti Kendra again. Repeat the exercise for about 5 to 7 minutes. All the time, the consciousness is confined in the path of the trip (i.e, the spinal cord), and the sensations therein, caused by the subtle vibrations of the flow of the vital energy, are carefully perceived. travel Meditation Perception of Psychic Colours (Lesya Dhyana) The first step is to visualize that everything around, including the air itself, is coloured bright green as if reflected by an emerald. The respiration is to be slowed down and with every inhalation green air is breathed in. This is to be continued for 2 to 3 minutes. Full attention is to be focussed on Ananda Kendra (psychic centre of bliss, located near the heart), and by sustained and intensified visualization, bright green colour is to be perceived. After 2 or 3 minutes, visualize that this colour is radiating from the centre and spreads all around the body permeating the entire aura, which becomes bright green. Finally by intense willing, FREEDOM FROM PSYCHOLOGICAL FAULTS AND NEGATIVE ATTITUDES is to be experienced, (for 2 to 3 minutes). Adopting the same technique, perceive bright blue colour (as of the neck of a peacock) on visuddhi Kendra; bright red colour (as of the rising sun) on darshana Kendra; bright yellow colour (as of polished gold) on jnana Kendra or chaksus Kendra; and bright white colour (as of full moon) on jyoti kendra.

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152 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [QUE The following table shows the psychic centres, colours to be visualized and what is to be experienced by intense willing: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Psychic Centres Centre of bliss (Ananda Kendra) Centre of Purity (visuddhi Kendra) Centre of intuition (darsana kendra) Centre of wisdom (jnana kendra) or centre of vision (chaksus kendra) Position Heart Pineal gland Head cortex Centre of enlighten- Pituitary gland ment (jyotikendra) Colours to be visualized Emerald Green Peacock-neck Blue Rising sun red Golden Yellow Full moon white Intense willing and experience Freedom from psychological faults and Negative attitudes. Self-control of Urges and impules. Awakenning of intuition-bliss. Acuity of perception-clarity of thought. Benefits: (i) Mental Happiness Numerous benefits accrue from the practice of perception of psychic colours. Some benefits pertain to the internal functions and some to the external ones: some are physical and some mental. One of the immediate benefits is mental happiness. As one becomes more accomplished, mental happiness increases. The feeling is not of joy or pleasure, but of happiness. There is much difference between the two. Wherever there is joy, there is bound to be sorrow, they are inseparable. What one achieves as a benefit is happiness, and not joy. An internal benefit is refinement of one's aura. A regular practitioner of systematic meditation has a refined aura, purified lesya and undistorted emotions. Tranquillity, subsidence of anger and other state of agitation and excitation. (ii) Evidence of Religiosity: One may desire to protect himself from the miseries accruing from sin, by seeking refuge in religion. That is, one wants to escape the consequences of sinful life. At the same time, one wishes to get that which is not obtainable from it. Bad habits, vicious mentality, anxiety, agitation and mental tension-all these result from a sinful life, but one wants to get rid of them. He wants peace, harmony, freedom from tension, sympathy and friendship. That is why one desires to take refuge in religiousness. Even after accepting the religion, if one does not change, there is something wrong somewhere, i. e, either he failed to follow the religious path or he made a wrong choice. One adopts a religion or a creed and adheres to it for the whole life. But at the time of death, one strikes a balance sheet and finds that the result is zero, that there has been no change in his behaviour, and that there is no evidence of religiosity in his way of

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Lesya Dhyana 923 life. In that case, it would not be a sacrilege if one concludes that religion is just a pleasant pastime, or that it makes one learned; but it has no potency to change one's personality. But such a conclusion would be true for a superficial or pseudo-religiousness, but not for real religion. It would be true for the 'shell' of the religion but not its 'spirit.' The problem is that now-a-days (so-called) religious leaders have devalued the moral principles and have tried to establish ritualistic traditionalism as religion. The true religion, which should not be dogmatic or doctrinaire but practical and dynamic, has unfortunetely been shorn off practical side. Beneficial factors, which could be obtained only by actual experience and practice, are not available because it lacks the practical side. The creed, which is merely doctrinaire, which does not seek fresh knowledge, which is not dynamic enough to search and advance its knowledge and wisdom, is reduced to traditionalism, and is no longer qualifled to be called 'religion'. In course of time, like static pool water, it would become foul. The creed which does not care to expand its own wisdom by research and practice but teaches ils adherents, wholly by exhortations and traditions with their attendant myths, legends and supertitions, cannot hope to be of any significant benefit to them. In reality, experimental research and actual experience is the spirit of religion. The proof of potency and truth of such a religion is that its followers can positively change for the better. That inspite of accepting the protection of religion-and adopting a religious way of life, one does not change for the better, is improbable. The basic principle of being religious (i.e. adopting a virtuous way to life) is to commence treading the path of changepilgrimage towards transmutation. Virtuous traits and religious characteristics become evident in the attitude and behaviour of a truly religious person. When the pilgrimage starts, characteristics of taijas, padma and sukla lesyas begin to appear in the person's feelings, attitude and behaviour. Transmutation of lesya is the only means to become truly religious. In other words, the malevolent trinity-krasna, nila and kapota-is replaced by the benevolent trinity-taijasa, padma and sukla. It must be remembered that the change in synthesization of the outpouring of hormones from the endocrine system results in the attitudinal change. When the transmutation is established, the compulsive impetus to the bad habits vanishes. Krsna lesya, the extreme malevolent lesya is modified to nila lesya and that in turn is modified to kapota. Now the transmutation of lesya commences and taijas lesya the weakest of the benevolent trinity-replaces the kapota lesya. The frequency of the waves of krsna lesya is high and the wave-length is short. in nila lesya the wave-length increases and frequency is reduced. This phange continues and culminates in sukla lesya where the frequency is practically zero and wave-length is infinite. The transmutation is total. (iii) Purification of Character-Strengthening of Will-power : When a practitioner of the perception of psychic colours crosses the border of gross physical body and enters the domain of subtle body, he will know where and when the bright white, red and blue po

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154 paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa colours appear. He will also know how tranquillity, bliss and happiness are produced. A question may be raised : why do the colours appear? The appearance of colours is an auspicious sign. It corroborates that attention is not wandering, concentration is substantial and lesya is changing. Change in lesya results in purification of the aura which, in turn, leads to purity of character. Thus, purity of character is proportional to purification of lesya and aura. We are contsantly invaded by aggressive radiations, colours etc., from the external environment. They affect our aura, but the aura of a sadhaka, whose character is untainted, whose emotions and lesya are purified, is powerful enough to withstand their onslaught. Its electro-magnetic radiatious are very powerful. It is impenetrable, and so whatever hits it, is repelled and sent back without entering it. Even if some-one curses a person with virtuous character, it will not have any ill-effect on him (or her). Moreover, the radiations from such an aura are so graceful and enchanting that people are attracted towards him. The will-power of a person with pure character is very strong and successful. Consequently, all the wishes of such a person are fulfilled. hindI sArAMza lezyA dhyAna yuvAcArya mahAprajJa jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanaM hamAre jIvana meM raMgoM kA paryApta mahatva hai| ye hamAre mana, pariveza, vyaktitva, Avega, udvega, kaSAya evaM svAsthya ko prabhAvita karate haiN| hamAre zarIra meM nIle raMga kI kamI se utAvalApana Ane lagatA hai| zveta raMga kI kamI se udvega, lAla raMga kI kamI se Alasya aura anirNaya, pIle raMga kI kamI se nADI-taMtra meM asvasthatA AtI hai| ina raMgoM para vibhinna caitanya kendroM para dhyAna karane se ye kamI dUra hotI haiM, aneka roga zAMta hote haiM aura Atmika vizuddhi bhI prApta hotI hai / jainoM ko lezyA kI dhAraNA ragoM se saMbaMdhita hai| yaha apUrva hai| yaha AMtarika bhAvoM ko vividha-varNI ra aba citraNIya AbhAmaMDala ke rUpa meM prakaTa karatI hai| caitanya kendroM para prazasta varNoM ke dhyAna se, ise ataeva manobhAvoM kI kAlimA dhavalatA meM rUpAMtarita kI jA sakatI hai| isa vividhavarNI citta kendraNa ko lezyAdhyAna kahA jAtA hai| yaha prekSAdhyAna kA mahatvapUrNa sahacArI ghaTaka hai| vibhinna kendroM para nIle, lAla, pIle yA zveta raMga ke dhyAna karane para viziSTa prakAra kI anubhUtiyA~ evaM prazAnta pariNAma prApta hote haiN| isa dhyAna se mAnasika sukha, dhArmika vRtti, sakalpazakti kI sabalatA aura taragAtIta avasthA taka rupAMtaraNa kI prApti hotI hai| isa dhyAna ke liye prabala abhyAsa Avazyaka hai|

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lezyA dvArA vyaktitva rUpAntaraNa mumukSu zAMtA jaina jaina vizva bhAratI, lADana, ( rAjasthAna ) manuSya jIvana kA vizleSaNa hama jahAM se bhI zurU kareM, Agama sUkta kI anuprekSA ke sAtha pahalA prazna ubharegA"aNegacitte khalu ayaM purise" manuSya aneka citta vAlA hai|' vaha badalatA huA indradhanuSI vyaktitva hai.| vividha svabhAvoM se ghire manuSya ko kisa bindu para vizleSita kiyA jAe ki vaha acchA hai yA durA ? deza, kAla va paristhiti ke sAtha badalatA huA manuSya kabhI IrSyAlu, chidrAnveSI, svArthI, hiMsaka, pravaMcaka, mithyAdRSTi ke rUpa meM sAmane AtA hai, to kabhI vinamra, guNagrAhI, niHsvArthI, ahiMsaka, udAra, jitendriya aura tapasvI ke rUpa meM / Akhira isa vaividhya kA tatva kahAM hai ? aisA kauna-sA preraka bindu hai jo na cAhate hue bhI vyakti dvArA bure kArya karavA detA hai ? aisA kauna-sA AdhAra hai jisake bala para eka saMnyAsI binA bhautika sampadA ke Ananda ke akSaya srota taka pahu~ca jAtA hai aura dUsarA bhautika sampadA se ghirA hokara bhI pratikSaNa azAnta, becaina, kuNThita aura duHkhAkrAnta hokara jItA hai ? aise praznoM kA samAdhAna hama vyavahAra ke stara para nahIM pA skte| jaina darzana ne citta ke badalate bhUgola ko samyaka jAnane ke liye aura manuSya ke bAhya aura Antarika cetanA ke stara para ghaTita hone vAle vyavahAra ko samajhane ke liye lezyA kA manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa prastuta kiyA hai| lezyA kA nirUpaNaH paribhASA jainoM kA lezyA-nirUpaNa AjIvaka, pUraNa kazyapa, buddha aura mahAbhArata ke vyAsa ke acelakatva, janma, karma evaM abhijAtiyoM ke vibhinna dRSTikoNoM para AdhArita vivaraNa se bhinna haiN| jainoM kI lezyA kA sambandha eka-eka vyakti se hai, samUha yA jAti se nhiiN| jainoM ne varNa ke sAtha antabhAva yA Atma-bhAva kA bhI samanvaya kiyA hai| isa siddhAMta kI haThayoga ke chaH cakroM se samakakSatA hai| vaicArika dhAraNAoM aura amUrta tattvoM ko dRSTigocara upamAnoM ke mAdhyama se vyakta karane kI paramparA paryApta prAcIna hai| varNa athavA raMga kI dRzyatA evaM prabhAva ne bhAratIya cintakoM ko sadA mohita kiyA hai| isIliye unhoMne ___ sAraNI 1. varNoM dvArA vibhinna tatvoM kA nirUpaNa gati (kRSNa) dharma (buddha) karma prakRti prakRti antarbhAva prANivarNa abhijAti (paMtajali) (zvetA0) (jaina) (mahAbhArata) (pUraNa kazyapa) kRSNa kRSNa kRSNa kRSNa pIta pRthvI kRSNa kRSNa zukla zukla zukla zveta, baiMganI nIla dhUmra jala kApota zukla-kRSNa lohita lAla tejasa tejasa nIla nIla nIla vAyu padya rakta lohita azukla-akRSNa kRSNa nIlama zukla zukla zukla AkAza harita harita dhumra pUrNazukla kRSNa zukla

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156 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrA sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa dharma, karma, gati, prANi, prakRti Adi ko viziSTa vargoM ke rUpa meM vyakta kara vaNita kiyA hai| sAraNI 1 se spaSTa hai ki mahAbhArata aura janoM kA prANiyoM evaM antarbhAvoM kA vibhAjana samAna-sA lagatA hai kyoMki inheM sukha, duHkha aura sahiSNutA se sambandhita kiyA gayA hai| phira bhI, jainAcAryoM kA antarbhAvoM kA lezyA para AdhArita nirUpaNa tIkSNa evaM gahana vicAraNA kA nirUpaNa hai| isameM varNa kA kevala bhautika rUpa ( dravya lezyA) hI nahIM liyA gayA hai, usakA bhAvAtmaka caritra bhI prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| jaina zAstroM ke avalokana se patA calatA hai ki 'lezyA' zabda ke artha kA bhautika rUpa se lekara AdhyAtmika rUpa taka saMbhavataH kramika vikAsa huA hai| yaha sAraNI 2 se spaSTa hotA hai| saMbhavataH rUpa-rasAdi. meM varNa ke sarvAdhika dRzya evaM prabhAvakArI hone se hI jIvoM ke bahiraMga evaM antara-rUpoM ko manovaijJAnika rUpa se prakaTa karane ke liye use cunA gyaa| mAnava ke antara-rUpa ko usakI bahiraMga bahuraMgI AmA prakaTa rUpa se vyakta karatI hai / yaha bahiraMga rUpa kA AbhA dravya lezyA kahalAtI hai, yaha bhautika hai, podgalika hai| devendra muni ke anusAra, isake sAraNa 2. lezyA zabda ke artha 1. varNa, prabhA, raMga prajJApanA, jIvAbhigama Adi 1. ANavika AbhA, kAnti, prabhA, chAyA uttarAdhyayana vRtti 2. manoyoga, vicAra, prazasta vRtti AcArAMga 3. chAyA pudgaloM se prabhAvita hone vAle jIva pariNAma bhagavatI ArAdhanA 4. AtmA aura karma kA lepaka yA AtmIkaraNa mAdhyama gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa 5. varNa aura ANavika AmA 6. AtmA aura karma kA sambandha karane vAlI pravRtti vIrasena 7. kaSAyoM ke udaya se anuraMjita yoga pravRtti pUjyapAda, akalaMka, nemacandra 8. paudgalika paryAvaraNa, pudgala samUha devendra muni pudgala kaSAya, mana aura bhASA se sthUla evaM vaikriyaka zarIra, zabda, rUpa, rasa, gaMdha Adi se sUkSma haiN| yaha mantavya punarvicAra ke yogya hai kyoMki rasa, gaMdha aura mana ke pudgaloM ko koTi aNumaya hoto hai| inakA vistAra 10-" semI0 ke lagabhaga mAnA jA sakatA hai| isake viparyAsa meM rUpa, kaSAya, zabda yA bhASA UrjArUpa hote haiN| inakA vistAra aNuoM se paryApta alpatara hotA hai| isaliye vicAra evaM pravRttiyoM ke pudgala uparokta donoM koTiyoM se sUkSmatara hote haiN| inake dravyamana se sthUlatara hone kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA / yaha sahI hai ki dravyalezyA ke pudgala bhAvalezyA se sthUla hote haiN| phira bhI ye karma pudgaloM se sUkSmatara hote haiM / bhagavatI sUtra meM bhI batAyA gayA hai ki kAmaNazarIra, manayoga evaM vacanayoga catusparzI (UrjAtmaka) hote haiM aura audArika vaikriyaka, AhAraka evaM taMjasa zarIra aSTasparzI hote haiM / lezyAoM ke vivaraNa ke vividharUpa aura mahatvapUrNa vivaraNa jaina zAstroM meM lezyAoM kA vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM inheM gyAraha prakAra se, akalaMka" aura nemacaMdra ne solaha prakAra se aura prajJApanA meM ise pandraha adhikAroM ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA gayA hai| inameM aneka prakAra samAna haiM ( sAraNI 3 ) para kucha vizeSa bho haiN| ina para carcA karanA isa lekha kA amISTa nahIM hai| phira bhI, kAla zAstrIya vivaraNa sAraNI 4 meM diye gaye haiN| inameM vargoM se sambandhita Adhunika vaijJAnika khojoM ke niSkarSa bhI diye gaye haiN| isase vargoM ke mana, zarIra evaM svAsthya sambandhI prabhAvoM kA sahaja hI mAna ho jAtA hai| ye prabhAva hI lezyAdhyAna ke vIja haiN|

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lezyA dvArA vyaktitva rUpAntaraNa 157 sAraNI 3. lezyA-varNana ke vividha prakAra yA anuyogaddhAra varNa varNa gaMdha sparza lakSaNa gati - 1. uttarAdhyayana 2. prajJApanA 3. akalaMka aura nemacandra nAma nirdeza varNa rasa rasa gaMdha sparza sparzana pariNAma pariNAma pariNAma lakSaNa gati gati AyuSya kAla sthiti antara sthAna sthAna alpabahutva alpabahutva pradeza vargaNA avagAha utpAda saMkhyA udvartanA saMkramaNa jJAna karma darzana (1-4 prazastAdi cAra svAmitva vikalpa ) sAdhana ( audayika ) bhAva sAraNI 4 se aneka prakAra kI sUcanAyeM prApta hotI haiN| tejasa aura padma lezyA ke varNa ke viSaya meM zvetAvara aura digambara paramparAoM meM bhinnatA hai| jahA~ Agama inheM kramazaH lAla ( bAlasUrya ) aura pIlA ( haldI ) raMga kA mAnate haiM, vahA~ akalaMka Adi AcArya inheM kramazaH svarNa (pIlA) evaM padma (lAla) mAnate haiM / yaha mAnyatA Adhunika dRSTi se. varNa ke taraMgadairdhya ke AdhAra para bhI ucita hai| gelaDA ne ise tarkasaMgata rUpa meM hI prastuta kiyA hai| ata: ina lezyAoM se sambandhita vivaraNoM ko isI rUpa meM lenA caahiye| vastutaH ina vivaraNoM meM mAtra prabhAvoM kI koTi meM hI vizeSatA hai| pItimA evaM lAlimA, rituoM ke parivartana ke samaya, jagata meM vAsanto krAnti evaM vikAsa kI pratIka hai|'* sAmAnya jana ke liye ye varNa prANazakti, jovanazakti, evaM saMsAra ke udbhava va vikAsa kI kAmanA evaM pravRtti ke preraka haiN| ye bhautika jIvana kI navatA ke pratIka haiN| parantu, jaise ye varNa mautika krAnti ke pratIka haiM, usI prakAra ye AdhyAtmika krAnti ke bhI pratIka mAne gaye haiN| bauddha bhikSuoM ke evaM sanyAsiyoM ke pIta evaM garika vastroM kI paramparA unake utkRSTa adhyAtma vikAsa kI preraNA mAnI gaI hai| vaijJAnika evaM zAstrIya dRSTi se pIlA raMga trikoNI maNipura cakra, agnitatva aura mAnasika sthiratA evaM prANazakti kA pratIka hai, vahIM lAla raMga dRr3hatA, sthiratA evaM utsAha kA -

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sAraNI 4. varNoM yA lezyAoM kA zAstrIya evaM vaijJAnika vivaraNa kRSNa nIla zukla pIlA 158 50 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha nIlA zveta kApota pIta, tejasa padma 1. varNa samakakSatA (vaijJAnika) kRSNa nIla AkAza-nIla lAla sapheda 2. lakSaNa krUra, hiMsaka ISyAlu, svArthI, vakra, mAyAvI namra, pApamIru upazAMta zAMta, kSudra, lolupI alpakaSAyo jitendriya, dhyAnI 3. varNa (zvetAMbara mAnyatA) aMjana, khaMjana vaiDUrya, azoka Adi alasI-puSpa, gerU, taruNasUrya haratAla, haldI dugdhadhArA, zaMkha , Adi 17 kAle 19 prakAra ke nIle koyala paMkha Adi 9 Adi 24 prakAra Adi 23 prakAra ke Adi 5 padArthoM ke padArthoM ke samAna padArthoM ke samAna prakAra ke padArthoM ke ke padArthoM ke padArthoM ke samAna ke samAna kAlA samAna bhUrA samAna lAla pIlA (kAlA + lAla) 4. varNa (diga0 mAnyatA) bhramara ke samAna kAlA mayUra kaMTha-sA nIlA kabUtara ke samAna svarNa-sA pIlA padma-sA lAla zaMkha-sA zveta bana kaTu cirAyate ke samAna kaSAyalA khaTamIThA madhu miSTa gur3a ke samAna tIkhA mIThA 6. gaMdha durgaMdha sugaMdha sugaMdha 7. sparza zota, rukSa zIta, rukSa zIta, rukSa uSNa, snigdha uSNa, snigdha uSNa, snigdha 8. tatva AkAza vAyu AkAza pRthvI jala 9. prakRti krodhabhAvanA bhaktibhAvanA takaMbhAvanA kAmavAsanA zAnti 10. mana para prabhAva moha, asaMyama, krUratA IrSyA, asahiSNutA vakratA, kuTilatA kaSAyanAzana saralatA, zAMti, kI vRtti kI vRtti kI vRtti vRtti vinamratA jitendriyatA 11. zarIra para prabhAva snAyu-daurbalya nAza, mastiSkazakti, snAyumaMDala meM gAr3hanidrA AmAzaya roga nAza roga nAzana sphUrti 12. prakRti para prabhAva asvasthatA zItalatA-saMcAra zItalatA alpa USmAvardhaka USmAvaka samaprakRti dugaMdha dugaMdha sugaMdha tejasa

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13. zAmrIya evaM vaijJAnika prakRti - (1) SozazadalIya vizuddhicakra, sphUrti, nidrA evaM AkAza kA pratIka, satoguNa kI pravRtti (2) asthinirmAyaka evaM jIvANu-pratirakSI (3) zAMti, jJAna, buddhi, antaHprajJA, uccatara cetanA kA vikAsI - (1) dazadalIya (1) catuSphalakIya (1) zuddhatA, pUrNatA / maNipura cakra, agni- mUlAdhAra cakra kA evaM sahasrAra cakra tatva, manasthiratA, pratIkra, pRthvI evaM kA pratIka, satoprANazakti kA pratIka, sthUlazakti kA guNo pravRtti rajoguNa kI pravRtti pratIka, tamoguNI (2) kSAra-guNotpAdI (2) viTAmina bI. (2) jIvanIzakti evaM I. kA prabhAva pradAyaka - (3) krodha, dRr3hatA, (3) zAnti kA sthiratA, saMkalpa, zakti, pratIka utsAha pradAna karatA hai, TAnika banAtA hai (4) seva, kelA, nIbU, (4) TamATara, tarabUja, (4) AlU, dUdha, kakar3I Adi gAjara, soyAbIna, Adi upayogI upayogI Adi upayogI 10-4A 10-A 10-1degA zuddha, zuma, zuddha, zuma, prazasta dharma, prazasta dharma, prazasta antarmahuta antarmuhUrta antarmuhUrta 2 sAgara+ 10 sAgara+ 33 sAgara + palya/asaM. 1 muhUrta 1 muhUrta - - 14. mAvRtti - 15. bhAva (4) jAmuna, akharoTa, bAdAma, aMgUra Adi upayogI 1.-5-10-6A azuddha, azubha, adharma, aprazasta antarmuhUtaM 10 sAgara + palya asaM0 azuddha azuddha, azubha, adharma, aprazasta antarmuhUrta 33 sAgara + 1 anta 16. AyuSya, jaghanya utkRSTa antarmuhUrta 3 sAgara+ 3 sAgara+ palya/asaM lezyA dvArA vyaktitva rUpAntaraNa 159

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160 paM0 jagamohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda pranya [ khaNDa pratIka hai| isake viparyAsa meM, gairika varNa udAsIna evaM uccatama cetanA kA utpreraka mAnA gayA hai| phalataH pItavarNa se gairika evaM raktavarNa adhika adhyAtmapramukha hai| isa prakAra varNa yA raMga apekSA dRSTi se bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika-donoM prakAra ke prabhAvoM ko pradarzita karate haiM / bhautika stara para pIle aura lAla raMgoM ko tamoguNI yA rajoguNI kahA jA sakatA hai, para AdhyAtmika stara para to inheM satoguNI hI kahanA caahiye| isIliye inako USmAvardhaka, kaSAyanAzaka, saralatAkArI mAnA gayA hai| vastutaH sabhI vargoM ke bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika prabhAva hote haiM aura sApekSataH bhautika evaM mAnasika paristhitiyoM meM vibhinna prakAra ke viparIta prabhAva pradarzita karate haiN| isIliye zAstroM meM inheM umaya prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai / lezyA kA dhArmika mahattva jaina darzana meM lezyA kA siddhAnta atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| karmazAstrIya bhASA meM lezyA hamAre karma-bandhana aura mukti kA kAraNa hai| yadyapi jIvAtmA sphaTika maNi ke samAna nirmala aura pAradarzI hai, para lezyA ke mAdhyama se AtmA kA karmoM ke sAtha zleSa yA cipakAva hotA hai| isI ke dvArA AtmA puNya aura pApa se lipta hotI hai| kaSAya dvArA anuraMjita yoga-pravRtti ke dvArA hone vAle bhinna-bhinna pariNAmoM ko, jo kRSNAdi aneka raMga vAle pudgala vizeSa ke prabhAva hote haiM, lezyA kahA jAtA hai| karma-bandhana ke do kAraNa haiM-kaSAya aura yoga / kaSAya hone para lezyA meM cAroM prakAra ke bandha hote haiN| prakRti aura pradeza bandha yoga se hote haiN| sthiti tathA anubhAga bandha kaSAya se hote haiN| ___karmazAstrIya bhASA meM lezyA Asrava aura saMvara se jur3I hai| Asrava kA artha karmoM ko bhItara Ane dene kA mArga hai| jaba taka vyakti kA mithyA dRSTikoNa rahegA, mana-vacana-zarIra para niyantraNa nahIM hogA, rAga-dveSa kI bhAvanA se mukta nahIM bana pAyagA, taba taka vaha pratikSaNa karma-saMskAroM kA saMcaya karatA rhegaa| AgamoM meM lezyA ke liye eka zabda AyA hai-"karma nirjhr"|" lezyA karma kA pravAha hai| karma kA anubhAva-vipAka hotA rahatA hai| isaliye jaba taka Azrava nahIM rukegA, lezyAeM zuddha nahIM hogii| lezyA zuddha nahIM hogI to hamAre bhAva, saMskAra, vicAra aura AcaraNa bhI zuddha nahIM hoNge| isaliye saMvara kI jarUrata hai| saMvara bhItara Ate hue doSa pravAha ko roka detA hai| bAhara se azubha pudgaloM kA grahaNa jaba bhItara nahIM jAegA, rAga-dveSa nahIM ubhareMge, taba kaSAya kI tIvratA manda hogI, karma bandha kI prakriyA ruka jaaegii| lezyA kA Adhunika vivecana hama do vyaktitvoM se jur3e hai : 1. sthUla vyaktitva 2. sUkSma vyaktitva / isa bhautika zarIra se jo hamArA sambandha hai, vaha sthUla vyaktitva hai| isako jAnane ke sAdhana haiM-indriyAM, mana aura buddhi| para sUkSma vyakti ko indriya, mana evaM buddhi dvArA nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| jaina darzana meM sthUla zarIra ko audArika aura sUkSma zarIra ko tejasa tathA kArmaNa zarIra kahA hai| Adhunika yoga sAhitya meM sthUla zarIra ko phijikala baoNDI ( Physical body ) aura sUkSma zarIra ko eNtharIka baoNDI ( Etheric body ), tejasa zarIra ko aisTrala baoNDI ( Astral body ) kAmaga zarIra ko kArmika bA~DI ( Karmic body ) kahA hai| lezyA donoM zarIra ke bIca setu kA kAma karatI hai| yahI vaha tatva hai jisake AdhAra para vyaktitva kA rUpAntaraNa, vRttiyoM kA parizodhana aura rAsAyanika parivartana hotA hai / lekSyA ko jAnane ke liye sampUrNa jIvana kA vikAsa krama jAnanA bhI jarUrI hai| hamArA jIvana kaise pravRtti karatA hai ? acche, bure saMskAroM kA saMkalana kaise aura kahA~ se hotA hai ? bhAva, vicAra, AcaraNa kaise banate haiM ? kyA hama apane Apako badala sakate haiM ? ina sabake liye hameM sUkSma zarIra taka pahu~canA hogaa|

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lezyA dvArA vyaktitva rUpAntaraNa 161 Agama sAhitya meM sUkSma vyaktitva se sthUla vyaktitva taka Ane ke kaI par3Ava hai| inameM sabase pahalA hai-caitanya (mUla AtmA), usake bAda kaSAya kA tantra, phira adhyavasAya kA tantra / yahA~ taka sthUla zarIra kA koI sambandha nahIM hai| ye kevala tejasa zarIra aura karma zarIra se hI sambandhita haiN| adhyavasAya ke spandana jaba Age bar3hate haiM, taba ve citta para utarate haiM, bhAvadhArA banatI hai, jise lezyA kahate haiN| lezyA ke mAdhyama se bhItarI karma rasa kA vipAka bAhara AtA hai, taba pahalA sAdhana banatA hai, antaHsArI granthi taMtra / inake jo srAva hai, ve karmoM ke srAva se prabhAvita hokara Ate haiM / bhItarI srAva se jo rasAyana banakara AtA hai, use lezyA adhyavasAya se lekara hamAre sAre sthUla tantra taka yAnI antaHsrAvI granthiyoM aura mastiSka taka pahu~cA detI hai| granthiyoM ke hArmonsa rakta-saMcAra tantra ke mAdhyama se nAr3I tantra ke sahayoga se antabhAva, cintana, vANI, AcAra aura vyavahAra ko saMcAlita aura niyantrita karate haiN| isa prakAra cetanA ke tIna stara bana gae : 1. adhyavasAya kA stara : jo ati sUkSma zarIra ke sAtha kAma karatA hai| 2. lezyA kA stara : jo vidyuta zarIra-tejasa zarIra ke sAtha kAma karatA hai| 3. sthUla cetanA kA stara : jo sthUla zarIra ke sAtha kAma karatA hai / 12 sUkSma jagata meM sampUrNa jJAna kA sAdhana adhyavasAya hai| sthUla jagata meM jJAna kA sAdhana mana aura mastiSka hai / mana manuSya meM hotA hai, vikasita prANiyoM meM hotA hai, jinake suSumnA hai, mastiSka hai; yaha prANa kI UrjA se AtmapratiSThita hotA hai / para adhyavasAya saba prANiyoM meM hotA hai / vanaspati jIva meM bhI hotA hai| karmabandha kA kAraNa adhyavasAya hai / asaMjJI jIva manazUnya, vacana zUnya aura kriyAzUnya hote hai, phira bhI unake aThAraha pApoM kA bandha satata hotA rahatA hai, kyoMki unake bhItara avirati hai, adhyavasAya hai| 3 lezyA binA snAyavika yoga ke kriyAzIla rahatI hai| isaliye lezyA kA bAharI aura bhItarI donoM svarUpa samajhakara vyaktitva kA rUpAntaraNa karanA hotA hai / lekhyA ke do bheda haiM-dravya lezyA aura bhAva lezyA / pahalI pudgalAtmaka hotI hai aura bhAva lezyA AtmA kA pariNAma vizeSa hai, jo saMvaleza aura yoga se anugata hai| mana ke pariNAma zuddha-azuddha donoM hote haiM aura unake nimitta bhI zubha-azubha donoM prakAra ke hote haiM / nimitta ko dravya lezyA aura mana ke pariNAma ko mAvalezyA kahA hai| isIliye lezyA ke bhI do kAraNa batalAe haiM- nimitta kAraNa aura upAdAna kAraNa / upAdAna kAraNa hai--kaSAya kI tIbratA aura mandatA / nimitta kAraNa hai-pudgala paramANuoM kA grahaNa / dUsare zabdoM meM lezyA kA bAharI pakSa hai yoga, bhItarI pakSa hai kaSAya / mana, bacana, kAyA kI pravRtti dvArA pudgala paramANuoM kA grahaNa hotA hai| inameM varNa, gandha,rasa, sparza sabhI hote haiM / varNa/raMga kA mana para sIdhA prabhAva par3atA hai| raMgoM kI vividhatA ke AdhAra para manuSya ke bhAva, vicAra aura karma sampAdita hote haiN| isaliye raMga ke AdhAra para lezyA ke chaH prakAra batalAe haiM jinakA vivaraNa sAraNI 4 meM diyA jA cukA hai| raMga kA nirUpaNa raMga kI na kevala saiddhAntika dRSTi se hI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai, api tu Aja vijJAna kI sabhI zAkhAoM meM isake mahatva para prakAza DAlA jA rahA hai| bhautikIvidoM, taMtra-mantra zAstriyoM, zarIra-zAstriyoM evaM manovaijJAnikoM ne apane svataMtra adhyayanoM se batAyA hai ki raMga cetanA ke sabhI staroM para jIvana meM praveza karatA hai| raMga ko jIvana kA paryAya mAnA gayA hai| vaijJAnikoM ne spekTrama ke mAdhyama se sAta raMgoM kI vyAkhyA kI hai| unake anusAra prakAza taraMga ke rUpa meM hotA hai aura prakAza kA raMga usake taraMga dairdhya para AdhArita hai| taraMgadairya aura kampana kI AvRtti paraspara vilImataH sambandhita hai| taraMga dairdhya ke bar3hane ke sAtha kampana kI AvRtti kama hotI hai aura usake ghaTane ke sAtha

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162 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa var3hatI hai| sUrya kA prakAza prijma meM se gujarane para vikSepaNa ke kAraNa sAta raMgoM meM vibhakta dikhAI detA hai| usa raMga-paMkti ko spekTrama kahate haiN| isake sAta raMga haiM-lAla, nAraMgI, pIlA, harA, nolA, jAmunI aura baiNgnii| inameM lAla raMga kI taraMga-daiyaM sabase adhika hotI hai, baiMganI kI sabase kama / dUsare zabdoM meM lAla raMga kI kampana AvRtti sabase kama aura baiMganI raMga ko sabase adhika hotI hai| dRzya prakAza meM jo vibhinna raMga dikhAI dete haiM, ve vibhinna kampanoM kI AvRtti yA taraMga dairghya ke AdhAra para hote haiN| raMga aura prakAza do nhiiN| prakAza kA 41vAM prakampana raMga hai| isakA mahAsAgara sUrya se nikalatA hai, vaha zakti aura UrjA kA mahAsrota hotA hai| rahasyavAdiyoM kI dRSTi meM raMga ko ekarUpatA, jo hama sRSTi meM cAroM ora dekhate haiM, vaha devI mastiSka ko pratyakSa abhivyakti hai / yaha prakAza taraMgoM ke rUpa meM ekameva jIvana-tatva kI brahmANDIya prastuti hai|4 tantra yA rahasyavAdiyoM ne sAta raMgoM ke AdhAra para sAta kiraNa mAnI hai, jinheM ve jIvana vikAsa ke ArohaNa krama meM svIkAra karate haiN| pratyeka kiraNa ko vikAsavAdI yuga kA pratIka mAnA hai| sAta kiraNe saSTi ke sAta yugoM ko darzAtI haiN| AdhyAtmika jJAna, jise prakAza kA prabhu mAnA jAtA hai aura jo vikAsa kA mArgadarzana karatA hai, ko sAta kiraNoM kI AtmAya bhI kahA jAtA hai| unakI mAnyatA hai ki kiraNe ananta zakti aura uddezya kI pUrNatA hai jo mUlasrota se nikalatI hai aura jinheM sarvazaktimAna prajJA dvArA nirdezana milatA hai| sAta brahmANDIya kiraNoM meM prathama tIna kiraNoM-lAla, nAraMgI aura polI se saMbadhita prathama tIna yuga bIta gae hai| aba hama cauthe yuga yAnI hare raMga meM jI rahe haiM, jo bIca kA raMga hai| yA yUM kaheM ki eka ora saMgharSa, kaTu anubhava kA nimnayuga aura dUsarI aura Atmika vikAsa tathA guNoM kA zreSTha yuga; isake bIcoMbIca harA raMga hai| isase Age bhAvI dRSTikoNa nIlI kiraNoM ke ucca prakampanoM kI ora Age bar3hA hai aura yaha vikAsa adhikAdhika zreSTha sthiti meM nIla aura baiMganI taraMgoM taka vikasita hotA jAegA, jaba taka hama saptamukhI kiraNa vibhAjana ke anta taka nahIM pahuMca jaaeNge|'5 raMgoM ke AdhAra para manuSya kI jAti, guNa, svabhAva, rUci, Adarza Adi kI vyAkhyA karane kI bhI eka paramparA clii| mahAbhArata meM cAroM vargoM ke raMga bhinna-bhinna batalAye haiN| brAhmaNoM kA zveta, kSatriyoM kA lAla, vaizyoM kA pIlA aura zadroM kA kaalaa|' 6 jaina sAhitya meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke bhinna-bhinna raMga batalAye gaye haiN| padmaprabhu aura vAsupUjya kA raMga lAla, candraprabhu aura puSpadanta kA zveta, munisuvrata aura ariSTanemi kA raMga kRSNa, malli aura pArzvanAtha kA raMga nIlA aura zeSa solaha tIrthaMkaroM kA raMga sunaharA pIlA mAnA gayA hai| jyotiSa vidyA ke anusAra graha mAnava ke samrNa vyaktitva ko prabhAvita karate haiN| unako viparIta dazA meM sAMsArika aura AdhyAtmika abhyudaya meM vividha avarodha utpanna hote haiN| ina avarodhoM ko niSkraya banAne ke liye jyotiSa zAstrI amuka graha ko prabhAvita karane vAle amaka raMga ke dhyAna kA prAvadhAna batAte haiM, vibhinna raMgoM ke ratna va nagoM ke prayoga ke liye kahate haiN| zarIrazAstrI mAnate haiM ki raMga hamAre jIvana kI Antarika vyAkhyA hai| aneka prayogoM dvArA yaha jJAta kiyA jA cukA hai ki raMgoM kA vyakti ke raktacApa, nAr3o aura zvasana gati evaM mastiSka ke kriyAkalApoM para tathA anya vikI kriyAoM para vibhinna prabhAva par3atA hai| pro0 elekjenDara raoNsa kA mAnanA hai ki raMga kI vidyuta-cumbakIya UrjA kiso ajJAta rUpa meM hamAro piTyUTaro aura poniyala graMthiyoM tathA mastiSka ko gaharAI meM vidyamAna hAyapothelemasa ko prabhAvita karatI hai / vaijJAnikoM ke anusAra hamAre zarIra ke ye avayava antaHsrAvI graMthi tantra kA niyamana karate haiM jo svayaM zarIra ke aneka mUlabhUta pratikriyAoM kA niyantraNa karate haiM / raMga hamAre zarIra, mana, vicAra Ara AcaraNa se jur3A hai| sarya kiraNa yA raMga cikitsA ke anusAra zarIra raMgoM kA piNDa hai| hamAre zarIra ke pratyeka avayava kA alaga-alaga raMga hai / sUkSma kozikAeM bhI raMgona hai| vANI, vicAra, bhAvanA samo kucha raMgIna hai| isIliye jaba kabhI zarAra meM raMgoM ke prakampanoM kA santulana bigar3a jAtA hai, to vyakti asvastha ho jAtA hai| raMga cikitsA punaH raMgoM kA sAmaMjasya sthApita karake svasthatA pradAna karatI hai|

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lezyA dvArA vyaktitva rUpAntaraNa 163 Aja ke manovaijJAnikoM kA kahanA hai ki vyakti ke antara mana ko, avacetana mana ko aura mastiSka ko sabase adhika prabhAvita karane vAlA tatva hai--rNg| raMga svabhAva ko batalAne kA sahI mArgadarzaka hai| manovijJAna ne ra AdhAra para vyaktitva kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai| mukhyataH vyaktitva ke do prakAra haiM: 1. bahirmukhI, 2. antarmukhI / raMga vizeSajJa enthonI elDara kA kahanA hai ki bahirmukhI jIvana lAlimA pradhAna hotA hai / antarmukhI jIvana meM nIlAkAza jaisI udAtta manaH sthiti hotI hai| pIle raMga ko karmaThatA, tatparatA aura uttaradAyitva nirbAha kI mAva cetanA kA pratIka mAnA hai| hare raMga ko buddhimatA aura sthiratA kA pratinidhi mAnA hai| elDara kahate haiM ki svabhAvagata vizeSatAoM ko ghaTAne-bar3hAne ke liye una raMgoM kA upayoga karanA cAhiye, jinameM abhISTa vizeSatAoM kA samAveza hai| ___ esa0 jI0 je0 osale ke anusAra-raMga ke sAta pahalU batAe gae haiM raMga-1. zakti detA hai, 2. cetanAzIla hotA hai, 3. cikitsA karatA hai, 4. prakAzita karatA hai, 5. ApUrti karatA hai, 6. preraNA detA hai tathA 7. pUrNatA pradAna karatA hai / 19 heltha risarca pablikezana, kailiphorniyA dvArA prakAzita riporTa meM yaha siddha kiyA hai ki bahirmukhI loga garma raMga pasanda karate haiM / antarmukhI loga ThaNDe raMga pasanda karate haiM kyoMki unako bAharI uttejakoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI haiN| bhAvanA pradhAna vyakti raMga ke prati mukta rUpa se pratikriyA karate haiN| bhAvanAhIna vyakti ko prAyaH raMga se AghAta paha~catA hai| ye kaThora vyaktitva vAle hote haiM aura raMga ke zreSTha va sUkSma prakampanoM se aprabhAvita rahate haiN| kauna-sA raMga hamAre vyaktitva para kaisA prabhAva DAlatA hai, yaha isa bAta para nirbhara karatA hai ki raMga kisa prakAra kA hai ? bhAvoM ko samajhane ke liye bhagavAn mahAvIra ne lezyA ko zubha-azubha, rukSa-snigdha, ThaNDo-garma, prazastaaprazasta batalAyA hai| Aja ke raMga vijJAna meM bhI lezyA kA saMvAdI satra upalabdha hotA hai| raMga ke do prakAra batalAe haiM-camakadAra-dhuMdhale, andhakAramaya-prakAzamaya, garma-ThaNDe / lezyA kI prakRti vyaktitva kI vyAkhyA karatI hai / kRSNa, nIla va kApota varNa yadi prazasta hai, camakadAra hai, to ve zubha mAne jAeMge aura pIlA, lAla aura sapheda raMga yadi aprazasta, dhuMdhale hoMge to ve azubha mAne jAeMge / zubhatA aura azumatA raMgoM kI camaka para nirbhara hai : namaskAra mantra ke japa ke sAtha jina raMgoM kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai, unase bhI yahI tathya sAmane AtA hai| jaise-Namo arihantANaM zveta raMga, NamosiddhANaM-lAla, Namo AyariyANa-pIlA, Namo uvajjhAyANaM-harA, Namo loe savva saahnnN-kaalaa| lezyA ke sandarbha meM kRSNa lezyA ko sarvAdhika nikRSTa mAnA gayA hai para muni dharma ke sAtha jur3A kRSNa varNa prazasta raMga kA vAcaka hai| vaidika sAdhanA paddhati meM brahmA kI upAsanA lAla raMga se kI jAtI hai kyoMki lAla raMga nirmAtA kA raMga hai| viSNa kI upAsanA kAle raMga se kI jAtI hai kyoMki kAlA raMga saMrakSaNa kA mAnA gayA hai| maheza kI zveta raMga se kyoMki zveta raMga saMhAra karane vAlA hai| isIliye dhyAna karate samaya raMga-zvAsa meM camakadAra raMgoM kA zvAsa lene aura unase apane Apako bhAvita karane ko bAta kahI jAtI hai| lezyA zuddhi yA lezyA dhyAna jaina AgamoM meM lezyA zuddhi ke liye kaI sAdhana batalAe haiN| unameM dhyAna vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| prekSAdhyAna paddhati meM bhAva parivartana ke liye, cetanA ke jAgaraNa ke liye raMgoM kA dhyAna mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki raMga kA hamAre pUre jIvana para prabhAva par3atA hai| prekSAdhyAna sAdhanA paddhati Adhunika dhyAna paddhatiyoM meM eka hai| usameM yuvAcArya mahAprajJa ne lezyAdhyAna ko eka mahatvapUrNa aMga mAnA hai| isa dhyAna meM sAdhaka caitanya kendroM para citta ko ekAgra kara vahAM nizcita raMgoM kA dhyAna karatA hai| dhyAna kI pRSThabhUmi meM vaha kAyotsarga, antaryAtrA, dIrghazvAsa, zarIra-prekSA, caitanyakendra prekSA Adi ko bhI acchI taraha se sAdha letA hai| caitanya kendra hamArI cetanA aura zakti kI abhivyakti ke srota hai| ye jaba taka nahIM jAgate, taba taka kRSNa, nIla, kapota-tIna aprazasta lezyAeM kAma karatI rahatI hai| vyaktitva badalAva ke liye hameM ina lezyAoM kA zuddhikaraNa

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164 paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa karanA hogaa| raMga dhyAna dvArA catanya kendroM ko jagAnA hogA kyoMki kendra (cakra ) raMga zakti ke viziSTa srota hai| pratyeka cakra bhautika vAtAvaraNa aura cetanA ke ucca staroM meM se apanI viziSTa raMga-kiraNoM ke mAdhyama se prANa UrjA kI viziSTa taraMga ko zoSita karatA hai| lezyA dhyAna meM Ananda kendra para hare raMga kA, vizuddhi kendra para nIle raMga kA, darzana kendra para aruNa raMga kA, jJAna kendra para pIle raMga kA tathA jyoti kendra para sapheda raMga kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai|" kRSNa, nola aura kApota lezyAeM azubha haiN| isaliye unhIM kendroM para vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai jinase tejasa, padma aura zukla lezyAeM jAgatI haiN| isaliye tIna zuma lezyAoM kA darzana kendra, jJAna kendra aura jyoti kendra para kramazaH lAla, pIlA aura sapheda raMga kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| ina tInoM ko prazasta raMgoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 22 tejolezyA dhyAna : jaba tejolezyA kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai to hama darzana kendra para bAla sarya jaise lAla raMga kA dhyAna karate haiN| lAla raMga agni tattva se sambandhita hai jo ki UrjA kA sAra hai| yaha hamArI sArI sakriyatA, tejasvitA, dIpti. pravRtti kA srota hai| darzana kendra piTyUTarI glaiMDa kA kSetra hai, jise mahAgranthi kahA jAtA hai, jo aneka granthiyoM para niyantraNa karatI hai| piTyUTarI glaiMDa sakriya hone para eDonala granthi niyantrita ho jAtI hai. jisake kAraNa ubharane vAle kAma vAsanA, uttejanA, Avega Adi anuzAsita ho jAte haiN| darzana kendra para aruNa raMga ke dhyAna karane se tejasa lezyA ke spandanoM kI anubhUti se antarjagata kI yAtrA prArambha hotI hai| AdatoM meM parivartana zurU hotA hai| manovijJAna batAtA hai ki lAla raMga se Atmadarzana kI yAtrA zurU hoto hai| Agama kahatA hai-adhyAtma kI yAtrA tejolezyA se zurU hotI hai| isase pahale kRSNa, nIla va kApota tIna azuma lezyAeM kAma karatI haiM, isaliye vyakti antarmukhI nahIM bana paataa| tejasa lezyA tejasa zarIra jaba jagatA hai, taba anirvacanIya AnandAnubhUti hotI hai| padArtha pratibaddhatA chUTatI hai| mana zaktizAlI banatA hai| UrjA kA urdhvagamana hotA hotA hai| AdamI meM anugraha vigraha (varadAna aura abhiza kI kSamatA paidA hotI hai| sahaja Ananda ko sthiti upalabdha hoto hai| isaliye isa avasthA ko "sukhAsikA" kahA gayA hai| AgamoM meM likhA hai ki viziSTa dhyAna yoga kI sAdhanA karane vAlA eka varSa meM itanI tejolezyA ko upalabdha hotA hai jisase utkRSTatama bhautika sukhoM kI anubhUti atikrAnta ho jAtI hai| usa Ananda ko tulanA kisI bhI bhautika padArtha se prApta nahIM ho sktii|93 tejolezyA Ara atondriya jJAna kA bho gaharA sambandha hai| tejolezyA kI vidyuta dhArA se caitanya kendra jAgRta hote haiM aura inhI meM avadhi jJAna abhivyakta hotA haiN| pagalezyA-dhyAna padmalezyA kA raMga pIlA hai| pIlA raMga na kevala cintana, bauddhikatA va mAnasika ekAgratA kA pratIta hai, balki dhArmika kRtyoM meM kI jAne vAlI bhAvanAoM se bhI sambandhita hai| pIlA raMga mAnasika prasannatA kA pratIka hai| bhAratIya yogiyoM ne ise jIvana kA raMga mAnA hai| sAmAnya raMga ke rUpa meM yaha AzA-vAditA, Ananda aura jIvana ke prati saMtalita dRSTikoNa ko bar3hAtA hai| manovijJAna mAnatA hai ki pIle raMga se citta kI prasannatA prakaTa hotA hai aura darzana zakti kA vikAsa hotA hai| darzana kA artha hai-saakssaatkaar| lezyAdhyAna meM pIle raMga kA dhyAna jJAna kendra para kiyA jAtA hai| jJAna kendra zarIra-zAstrIya bhASA meM vRhad mastiSka kA kSetra hai| ise haThayoga meM sahasrAra cakra kahA jAtA hai| jaba hama camakate hae pIle raMga kA dhyAna karate hai, taba jitendriya hone kI sthiti nirmita hotI hai| kRSNa aura nIla lezyA meM vyakti ajitendriya hotA hai| padmalezyA ke paramANu ThIka isake viparota haiN| padyalezyA UrjA ke utkramaNa kI prakriyA hai| isake jAgane para kaSAya cetanA simaTato hai| Atma niyantraNa paidA hotA hai|

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3 ] lezyA dvArA vyaktitva rUpAntaraNa 165 zukla lezyA dhyAna zukla lezyA kA dhyAna jyoti kendra para pUNimA ke candramA jaise zveta raMga meM kiyA jAtA hai| zveta raMga pavitratA, zAnti, sAdagI aura nirvANa kA dyotaka hai| zukla lezyA uttejanA, Avega, cintA, tanAva, vAsanA, kaSAya, krodha Adi ko zAnta karatI hai| lezyA dhyAna kA lakSya hai-aatmsaakssaatkaar| zukla lezyA dvArA isa lakSya taka pahuMcA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ se bhautika aura AdhyAtmika jagata kA antara samajha meM Ane laga jAtA hai| Agama ke anusAra zukla dhyAna ko phalazruti hai-avyaya cetanA, amUr3ha cetanA, viveka cetanA aura vyutsarga cetanA / / 4 / / zarIrazAstrIya dRSTi se jyoti kendra kA sthAna piniyala granthi hai| manovijJAna kA mAnanA hai ki hamAre kaSAya, kAmavAsanA, asaMyama, Asakti Adi saMjJAoM ke uttejana aura upazamana kA kArya avacetana mastiSka, hAyopethelemasa se hotA hai| usake sAtha ina donoM kendroM kA gaharA sambandha hai| hAipothelemesa kA sodhA sambandha piTyUTarI aura piniyala ke sAtha hai| vijJAna batAtA hai ki 12-13 varSa kI umra ke bAda piniyala glaiNDa kA niSkriya honA zurU ho jAtA hai jisake kAraNa krodha, kAma, maya Adi saMjJAeM ucchRkhala bana jAtI haiN| aparAdhI manovRtti jAgatI hai| jaba dhyAna dvArA isa granthi ko sakriya kiyA jAtA hai to eka santulita vyaktitva kA nirmANa hotA hai / __zukla lezyA kA dhyAna zubha manovRtti ko sarvocca bhUmikA hai| prANI upazAnta, prasannacitta aura jitendriya bana jAtA hai / mana, vacana aura karmarUpatA sadha jAtI hai| prANI sadaiva svadharma aura sva-svarUpa meM lIna rahatA hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki lezyA dhyAna se rAsAyanika parivartana hote hai, pUrA bhAva saMsthAna badalatA hai| usake varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza sabhI kucha badalate haiN| vyakti jaba taka mUrchA meM jItA hai, taba taka use bure bhAva, apriya raMga, asahya gandha, kar3avA rasa, tIkhA sparza bAdhA nahIM DAlatA, para jaba mUrchA TUTatI hai, viveka jAgatA hai taba vaha azubha varNa, sparza se virakta hotA hai, unheM zubha meM badalatA hai / yadyapi lezyA mAna hamArI maMjila nhiiN| hamArA antima uddezya to lezyAtIta bananA hai, para isa taka pahu~cane ke liye hameM azuma se zubha lezyAoM meM praveza karanA hogA, jisake liye lezyAdhyAna AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke kSetra meM mahatvapUrNa par3Ava hai| dhyAna kI ekAgratA, tanmayatA aura dhyeya-dhyAtA meM aminnatA prApta ho jAne para hI AtmavikAsa kI dizAeM khula sakatI hai| sandarbha sUcI 1. gaNadhara sudharmA svAmI; AcArAMga sUtra, prathama zrutaskandha ( saM0 madhukara muni ), Agamodaya prakAzana sayiti, vyAvara, 1980, 3,2,118, peja 101 2. devendra muni zAstrI; lezyA : eka vizleSaNa ( bI0 ela0 nAhaTA abhi0 granya ), nAhaTA abhi0 samiti, kalakattA, 1986, peja 2/36 3. sudharmA svAmI; bhagavatI sUtra bhAga 4, sA0 saM0 rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA, 1968, peja 2056 4. - uttarAdhyayana ( saM0 A0 caMdanAzrI ), sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1972, peja 362 5. akalaMka bhaTTaH tattvArtharAjavAtika-1, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1953, peja 238 6. Arya, zyAma; prajJApanA sUtra-2, A. prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, 1984, peja 239-88 7. svAmI zivapUjanAnaMda sarasvatI; raMgoM ko sUkSmatA aura hama, yogavidyA, bihAra yoga vidyAlaya, muMgera, 21,11, 1983, peja 27 8. sudharmA svAmI; sUtrakRtAMga pra0 zru0, jaina vizva-bhAratI, lADanUM, 1983, 4|17 .

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[khaNDa 166 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha 9. dekhiye, nirdeza 3, peja 2061 10. nemacaMdra siddhAntacakravartI; gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa, paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa, 1972, peja 225 11. dekhiye, nirdeza 4, adhyayana 34, peja 650 12. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa; AbhAmaMDala, tulasI adhyAtma nIDa, lADanUM, 1984, peja 13, 41 13. dekhiye, nirdeza 8, sUtrakRtAMga, 4/17 14. esa0 jI0 je0 osale; da pAvara Ava do reja, peja 43 15. vahI ; kalara meDITezana, peja 15 16. maharSi vyAsa mahAbhArata, zAnti parva, 288/5 18. je0 DoDasana haisa; kalara ina do TrITameMTa Ava DijIja, peja 61 19. dekhiye, nirdeza 15, peja 17 20. dekhiye nirdeza 6 peja 239-88 21. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, lezyA dhyAna, tulasI adhyAtma nIDaM, lADanU , 1984, peja 53 22. dekhiye, nirdeza 12, peja 85 23. sudharmA svAmI, bhagavatI sUtra 5, sA0 saM0 rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA, 1970, peja 236? 24. dekhiye nirdeza 13, peja 4/70 jaise kAMTA cubhane para sAre zarIra meM pIr3A hotI hai, jaise kAMTe ke nikala jAne para zarIra niHzalya ho jAtA hai| vaise hI apane doSoM ko na prakaTa karane vAlA mAyAvI duHkhI hotA hai, vaise hI guru ke samakSa doSa prakaTa kara suvizuddha sukhI ho jAtA hai / -samaNasuttaM

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baccoM ke liye dhyAna yoga kA zikSaNa DaoN. svAmI zaMkara devAnanda sarasvatI satyAnandAzrama, rojave, nou sAutha velsa, AsTreliyA zikSA ke kSetra meM navIna evaM sArthaka vidhiyoM kI khoja yugoM se cala rahI hai| lagatA hai ki isa yuga meM yoga aura usake upayogoM ke jJAna se isa kSetra meM parivartana AnevAlA hai| mAnava ke mastiSka ke vibhinna pAvoM ke kAryoM se sambandhita anusaMdhAnoM se yogavidyA ke prasAra evaM cetanA kI jAgati kI saMbhAvanAoM ke kAraNa dhyAna-yoga ko jIvana paddhati ke rUpa meM svIkRta karane kI AvazyakatA anubhava meM AI hai| hamArA mastiSka do pramastiSkrIya golAdhoM meM vibhAjita hai / vaijJAnika anusaMdhAnoM se pratIta hotA hai ki pratyeka golArgha kA kArya svatantra tathA bhinna-bhinna hai| dakSiNI golArdha hamAre jIvana kI pratimA evaM sthAnika ( spatial ) rUpoM ko nirdhArita karatA hai| vAyAM golArdha vaizleSika tathA rekhIya kSamatAoM se sahacarita hotA hai| abhI taka hamArI zikSA mukhyataH vAyeM golArdha kI ora hI kendrita rahI hai, jisameM adhyayana, lekhana aura gaNita ke samAna sarala. vaijJAnika evaM tArkika viSayoM ko hI mahatva diyA jAtA hai| isameM kalA, nRtya tathA anya racanAtmaka pravRttiyoM evaM guNAtmaka pratibhAoM kI ora nagaNya dhyAna diyA gayA hai| aba zikSAzAstriyoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki isa sthiti meM hamArA jJAna ekAMkI rahatA hai aura hamArI zikSA pUrNa nahIM mAnI jA sktii| isase jIvana meM arucikara prabhAva bhI ho sakate hai| amarIkA ke inDiyAnA vizvavidyAlaya ke zikSAzAstrI jerI smitha ke anusAra Aja zikSaka jovana ke rahasya se aparicita haiM aura unhoMne zikSA ko eka kaThora pAThyakramoM kI paridhi meM bAMdha diyA hai| ve hameM mAnava ke pavitra uddezyoM kI pUrti meM sahAyaka nahIM bnaate| zikSA-mahAvidyAlaya ke buleTina meM kahA gayA hai ki aba samaya A gayA hai ki zikSakoM ko AdhyAtmika, kalAtmaka, pratibhAtmaka, parAbhautika evaM preraNAtmaka vikAsa kI dizAoM kI ora zikSA meM dhyAna denA cAhiye / vyAkhyAna, pAThyapustakeM, parIkSA aura mUlyAMkana ko surakSita paddhati kA hamane bahuta samaya taka upayoga kara liyA hai| mastiSka kA ekIkaraNa viviyana zeramAna ne batAyA hai ki vartamAna zikSApaddhati mastiSka ke donoM golArdhA ke ekIkaraNa meM sabase bar3I bAdhA hai| kevala vAyeM golArdha ko vikasita karanevAlI zikSApaddhati azuddha aura avAstavika dhAraNAoM para AdhArita hai| nyUTana aura AinsTIna ke samAna vaijJAnikoM kI mahAna khoje pratimAtmaka sphuraNa ( phlaiza ), samagra vizva kI prakRti kI antardRSTi tathA bhautika vizva ke AdhArabhUta sambandhoM ke antarjJAna ke kAraNa hI saMbhava ho sakI haiN| inheM phira unhoMne bauddhika rUpa se vikasita kiyaa| mastiSka ke donoM bhAgoM ke ekIkaraNa kI prakriyA meM zodhakartAoM ne dhyAna, yoga, Asana, prANAyAma, vAyophIDa-vaika Adi ke prabhAvoM kA adhyayana kiyA hai| ve yaha prayatna kara rahe haiM ki mastiSka ke kArya karane ko prakriyA

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168 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa kyA hai aura use prabhAvita karane ke liye hama kyA kara sakate haiN| isa zodha ke kucha acarajakArI pariNAma prApta hue haiM / Grade ne batAyA hai ki kriyA yoga ke abhyAsa se mastiSka kA ekIkaraNa hotA hai aura vaha aisI avyavasthita avasthA meM nahIM rahatA hai, jaisA aneka loga prAyaH anubhava karate haiN| bahuteroM kA anubhava hai ki kriyAyoga karane se unakI antaH UrjA kA vikAsa hotA hai aura unameM racanAtmaka vRtti vikasita hotI hai / unameM vizva ke jJAna ke prati ruci hone lagatI hai / ve antarmana kA jJAna kara sakate haiM / isa sambandha meM abhI acchA sUcanAtmaka sAhitya prakAzita huA hai / yaha saba tabhI saMbhava hai jaba mastiSka ke donoM bhAga ekIkRta hokara kAma kreN| yoga-nidrA se zikSA ' yoga kI zabdAvalI meM mastiSka ke golArdhI ke ekIkaraNa kI prakriyA ko suSumnA nAr3I kA jAgaraNa karate haiM / yaha prANa pravAha kA mArga hai jo merudaMDa taka jAtA hai mastiSka kA bauddhika evaM bahirmukhI vAyAM golArdhaM pigalAnAr3I ke anurUpa hai ( jo zarIra ke dAhine pArzva meM rahatI hai ) / isakA dAMyA golArdhaM iDA nADI ke anurUpa hai jo mastiSka evaM nirAkAra UrjA kA antardRzya hai| Aja ke zodhakartA prAcIna yogazAstra meM varNita aneka tathyoM kI vyAkhyA apane anusaMdhAnoM se prApta kara rahe haiN| vartamAna zikSA paddhati meM sudhAra lAne ke liye dhyAna, vijJAna aura zikSaNa ko samanvita kiyA jA rahA hai / balageriyA ke gorgI luzAnova ne aisI paddhati vikasita kI hai jo jJAna evaM sUcanAoM ko avacetana mastiSka aura mana meM praviSTa karAtI hai aura zikSaNa ke samaya meM kamI karatI hai| yaha zikSaNa prakriyA meM tIvratA evaM zIghratA lAtI hai / yaha vidhi yogazAstrIya yoga-nidrA-vidhi ke samAna hai / isameM zikSA ke bauddhika pakSa ko pathAntarita kara diyA jAtA hai aura ise kAla-duSTa siddha kiyA jAtA hai| zikSaNa kI yaha sUkSma vidhi atyanta lokapriya rahI hai| AyovA rAjya vizvavidyAlaya ke DaoN0 DaoNna zusTara ne batAyA hai ki yoganidrA yA sammohana ke samAna vidhiyoM se kamajora vidyArthiyoM ne ATha mAha ke pAThyakrama ko cAra mAha meM hI pUrA kara liyA / amarIkA meM isa vidhi kA samIkSaNa kailiphorniyA rAjya vizvavidyAlaya meM maI 1978 meM Ayojita sammelana meM kiyA gayA thaa| isameM baccoM meM kalpanAzakti, svapna, manokAyika evaM manovaijJAnika vikAsa ke liye lAkSaNika vicAra-dhAraNAoM, bAyophIDabaika tathA dhyAna kI upayogitA para karmazAlAyeM Ayojita kI gaI thiiN| isa paddhati meM jo sakArAtmaka antara-anubhUti hotI hai, use parA vyaktigata manovijJAna kA nAma diyA gayA hai / pratibhAH tarka kI sahAyaka - isa sammelana se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki bhaviSya meM dhyAna dvArA prApta hone vAlI AdhyAtmika yA rahasyAtmaka anubhava prabhAvI, prajJAtmaka evaM manovAhI zikSA ke liye pUraka mAna liye jAyeMge / skUloM meM dhyAna aura ucca stara ko prApta karane kI zikSA kevala zarIra va mana ke zithilIkaraNa aura vyaktitva ke vikAsa ke liye hI nahIM, api tu mastiSka ke dakSiNa golArdha ko anAvRta karane tathA prajJA aura anubhava ke naye kSitijoM ko kholane ke liye bhI dI jAvegI / isase hamArI zikSA samRddha hogii| isameM yoga, zikSakoM aura vidyArthiyoM donoM ke liye uccatara jAgarUkatA prApta karane meM saraNI kA kAma kregaa| apanI pratibhAtmaka kSamatAoM ke vikAsa se hama apane pariveza ke vividha tatvoM ko samanvita kara sakate haiM / isase hamArI dRSTi kI samagratA bar3hane lagatI hai| hamAre pariveza evaM antarveza ke saMbaMdhoM evaM saMbaMdhI kArakoM ko hama aise rUpa meM jAnane lagate haiM jo hameM vizva ko eka anaMta vikAsa cakra ke rUpa meM samajhane meM sahAyaka hotA hai| pratimAtmaka vikAsa hameM bauddhika dRSTi kI samRddhi meM bhI sahAyaka hotA hai / mAnasa pratyakSIkaraNa se hameM apane pAThya viSaya acchI taraha samajha meM Ane lagate haiM / amarIkA ke yUjana, oregAMva ke eka skUla meM khela aura kalAoM

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baccoM ke liye dhyAya yoga kA zikSaNa 169 ke dvArA par3hanA-likhanA sikhAyA jAtA hai| nRtya ke dvArA gaNita tathA saMgIta ke mAdhyama se vijJAna sikhAyA jAtA hai| isa vidhi se adhyayana kara isa skUla ke baccoM ne jile ke tIsa skUloM meM par3hane meM pahalI tathA gaNita meM pAMcavI varIyatA prApta kii| mana aura mastiSka ke vikAsa ko saMbaMdhita karane, mAnava prakRti ke dvividha pakSoM-mana evaM mastiSka, antaH evaM vAhya, dAyAM aura bAyAM, pratimA evaM tarka meM santulana lAkara adhika vyAvahArika banane, jIvana ke liye Adarza lakSya nirdhArita karane, vyaktitva-saMkramaNa kI durghaTanA ko nirasta karane evaM jIvana kI dizA prazasti ke liye zikSaka aura vidyArthiyoM ke liye yoga zikSA hI eka uttama sAdhana siddha ho rahI hai| skUlI baccoM ke liye zithilIkaraNa samAja ke vikAsa ke liye zikSA prathama varIyatA hai / isaliye zikSaNa ke liye uttama sAmagrI aura uttama vidhi kA nirNaya atyAvazyaka hai / abhI taka hamArI zikSA kA uddezya hameM bauddhiva evaM vyAvasAyika banAnA rahA hai| para yaha vidhi hameM uccastara kA yA acchA mAnava nahIM banA paatii| yaha kAma saMrakSako evaM dharma-saMsthAoM kA mAna liyA gyaa| isa mAnyatA meM bhI paryApta sudhAra apekSita haiN| Adhunika zikSApaddhati kI isa kamI ko dUra karane ke liye yoga zikSA bahuta upayogI hai| isase na kevala hama acche manuSya banegeM, api tu isase hamAre zikSaNa kI gati tIbra hogI / zithilIkaraNa ke abhyAsa se mastiSka kA kendrIkaraNa uttama hotA hai| manovijJAnI hAlema ke anusaMdhAna vivaraNa hamAre mata kA samarthana karate haiN| hArlema ne zithilIkaraNa kI yaugika vidhi kA upayoga kiyA hai| yaha Adhunika bAyophIDa-baiMka paddhati kA prAcIna anurUpa hai| usane dasa minaTa ke zithilIkaraNa abhyAsa ke bAda dasa dina taka vidyArthiyoM ko pddh'aayaa| jaba do saptAha bAda inake manovaijJAnika parIkSaNa kiye gaye, taba yaha pAyA gayA ki inakI jAgarUkatA, ekAgratA, smaraNazakti evaM prajJA meM sAmAnya vidyArthiyoM kI tulanA meM paryApta sakArAtmaka vRddhi hii| ilekTromAilogrApha ke nirIkSaNa batAte haiM ki ye vidyAthIM zArIrika dRSTi se bhI paryApta zithilIkRta the| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki ye mAnasika rUpa se bhI zithilIkRta the| yaha zithilIkaraNa paryApta samaya taka banA rhaa| paryApta smaraNazakti aura ekAgratA kA mahatva ve sabhI jAnate haiM jinhoMne apanI skUla-zikSaNa evaM vArSika parIkSAoM ke kaSTa sahana kiye haiN| kAza, hameM usa samaya zithilIkaraNa kI vidhi kA jJAna hotA / * paMcaparameSThI vAcaka mantra citta zuddhi ke liye Avazyaka haiM / lekina kAmanA ke lie mantra jApa ucita nahIM hai| bhale hI mantra jApI jIva apane pApa kSaya aura puNya bandha se lAbhAnvita ho, para use mantra kA phala mAna liyA jAtA hai| aisA vyakti lAbha nahIM pAtA, to usakI usa mantra meM azraddhA ho jAtI hai aura vaha mithyA mantroM kI ora bhI jhuka jAtA hai| vidyAnuvAda nAmaka dasavA~ pUrva hai| usameM mantrAdi varNana hai| tathApi NamokAra mantra anAdi hai| bhale hI zabda prAkRta bhASA ke na raheM, vaha kisI bhI bhASA meM ho, paMcaparameSThI kI pUjyatA sadA rahI hai / ataH vaha mantra anAdi hI hai| __-jaganmohanalAla zAstrI * "vihAra skUla Ava yoga' dvArA prakAzita 'yoga' nAmaka agrejI patrikA se sAnumati rUpAntarita / 22

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sukha-zAnti kI prApti kA upAya : sahaja rAjayoga brahmAkumArI sunItA bahana, brahmAkumArI I0 vizvavidyAlaya kendra, rIvA, ma0pra0 pratyeka manuSya apane jIvana meM sthAyI yukha-zAnti cAhatA hai| isI lakSya ko siddhi ke liye mAnava sAre yatna karatA hai| kyA manuSya saMsAra ke viSayoM aura padArthoM ko prApta kara lene para sthAyI sukhazAnti prApta kara sakatA hai ? mujhe lagatA hai nahIM, kyoMki sukha padArthoM meM nahIM hai, vaha to mana ko ekAgratA dvArA svarUpa-sthiti meM hai| hama dekhate haiM ki yadi kisI manuSya ke sAmane susvAdu bhojana rakhA ho aura usakA mana azAnta ho, to vaha use nahIM rucatA / sAtha hI, padArthoM ko bhogate-bhogate manuSya svayaM mogA jAtA hai aura anta meM bhoga-sAdhana : jAtI hai, zakti kSINa ho jAtI haiM, tana nirbala ho jAtA hai aura manuSya zArIrika jarjaratA mola le letA hai / eka hI padArtha kucha ko priya aura kucha ko apriya kyoM lagatA hai ? isase vidita hotA hai ki sukha viSayoM meM nahIM, vaha to manuSya ke apane mana para hI nirbhara karatA hai| taMsAra ke padArtha parivartanazIla haiN| unakI avasthAyeM badalatI rahatI haiN| jo svayaM kSaNabhaMgura ho, vaha sthAyI sukha-zAnti kaise de sakatA hai ? viSayoM ko prApta karane, unakA saMgraha karane, unheM sevana yogya banAne aura phira unheM bhogane meM hI manuSya kA sArA jIvana khapa jAtA hai| isa para bhI yadi pUrva karmoM ke udaya se yaha viSaya china jAve, to manuSya ke liye yaha dAruNa duHkha kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai / isase yaha abhiprAya nahIM lenA cAhiye ki hama viSayoM kA saMgraha aura upabhoga chor3a deN| sajIva zarIra ke liye bhojana, vastra va sthAna Adi to anivArya ho hote haiN| yadi ye prApta na hoM, to manuSya kA jIvana nahIM cala sakatA aura usakA mana vikSubdha rahatA hai| akarmaNyatA tathA Alasya-donoM hI vikAra haiN| merA artha yahI hai ki ye viSaya sarvAMgINa sthAyI sukha zAnti ke srota nahIM haiN| sukha kevala dhana, utpAdana aura padArthoM ko upalabdhi kA hI nAma nahIM hai, usake liye uttama svAsthya, mana kI jJAnti tathA mitroM, sambandhiyoM evaM par3osa se acche sambandha bhI Avazyaka haiM / yAtAyAta, manoraMjana, jJAnavardhana evaM vaijJAnika pragati ne hamAre bhautika sukha meM paryApta vRddhi kI hai| vikarmoM ko dagdha karane, karmoM ko zreSTha karane tathA saMskAra zuddha karane kA upAya : yoga uparokta anekavidha sukha hamAre karmoM para hI nirbhara haiN| saMsAra meM sabhI loga mAnate haiM ki jaisA karma vaisA phl| yaha karma-siddhAnta nAstikoM ko bhI mAnanA caahiye| Aja kA vaijJAnika bhI kriyA-pratikriyA yA kArya kAraNavAda ko mAnatA hai| karma siddhAnta isI niyama kA AdhyAtmika pakSa hai| karma avinAzI hai, manuSya ko apane kiye kA phala avazya bhoganA par3atA hai| sAdhu ho yA mahAtmA, duSTa ho yA pApAtmA, karma-phala kisI ko nahIM chodd'taa| manuSya ko carma cakSuoM se dikhAI de yA na de, parantu pratyeka ke sAtha nyAya hotA hai| dera hai, para andhera nhiiN| duHkha dene vAlA vyakti yadi isa janma meM nahIM, to agale janma meM duHkha avazya pAtA hai| vikAra aura vikarma, saMskAra aura saMcita karma hI duHkhoM kA kAraNa hai / inakA mUla mana meM ugatA hai aura palatA hai|

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sukha-zAnti kI prApti kA upAya : sahaja rAjayoga 171 mana ko nirmala banAne, nirvikAra karane tathA vikAroM ko nirvIja karane ke upAya kA nAma hI yoga hai| .. yoga aisI sUkSmatama agni hai jisase manuSya ke vikarma dagdha hote haiN| yoga saMskAroM ke parivartana kA bhI eka amogha upAya hai| purAnI AdateM chor3ane ke liye yoga sAdhana se hI AdhyAtmika zakti milatI hai aura manobala milatA hai / Atmazakti dvArA zAnti aura Ananda kA aisA phubbArA-sA manuSya ke mana para par3atA hai jo usakA sArA maila dho DAlatA hai aura cAMdanI ke samAna use zItala aura rasamaya banA detA hai| isa Ananda kI vizeSa anubhUti kA hI nAma yoga hai / yoga eka uttama vijJAna hai jo sabhI prakAra ke sukha sahaja evaM niHzulka hI pradAna karatA hai| moga ke prakAra aura lakSaNa AnandadAyI yoga vidyA ke liye bhArata prAcIna kAla se hI sUjJAta hai| Adhunika jIvana meM yoga kI sarvAdhika AvazyakatA hai kyoMki mAnava vividha prakAra kI viSamatA, aniyamitatA tathA anupayuktatA ke vAtAvaraNa meM raha kara mAnasika tanAvoM se ghuTa rahA hai| ye tanAva vyAvasAyika, sAjhedArI, sevAvRtti, audyogika, Arthika, upabhoktAutpAdaka, par3osI-videzI, dhArmika, rAjanaitika, sAMskRtika, bhASA, jAti Adi ke samAna vividha sambandhoM meM samucita sAmaMjasya ke abhAva meM hote haiN| ajJAna, apavitra saMskAra, puruSArtha-vighna evaM pUrvakRta azubha karma ina tanAvoM ko aura bhI dukhamaya banAte haiN| isa tanAva se mukti aura Ananda prApti hI yoga kA pramukha lakSya hai| isa dRSTi se yoga eka manovaijJAnika prakriyA hai| pazcimI dezoM kA yaha anubhava hai ki sthAyI sukha-zAnti mAtra bhautika sAdhanoM se prApta nahIM ho sktii| ye mAnasika tanAva ko zAnta nahIM kara pAte / isIliye vahA~ aneka bImAriyAM bar3ha rahI haiN| yoga se hI mAnasika tanAva dUra hotA hai, mana ko zAnti milatI hai tathA zarIra aura mastiSka zaktizAlI hotA hai| isIliye aneka pazcimI loga bhArata meM yoga sIkhane Ate haiN| bhArata meM yoga ke cAra prakAra pracalita haiM : bhaktiyoga, jJAnayoga, karmayoga aura raajyog| inameM kramazaH samarpaNa. AtmanirIkSaNa, anAsakti evaM manoniyaMtraNa kA prAdhAnya rahatA hai| inameM rAjayoga sabase sahaja mAnA jAtA hai| pataMjala kA yoga bhI rAjayoga mAnA jAtA hai| brahmakumAriyoM kA yoga bhI rAjayoga mAnA jAtA hai| vastutaH yoga ke ve sabhI rUpa rAjayoga mAne jAte haiM jo sahaja hoM, jise sAmAnya jana aura rAjajana bhI kara sake, evaM jisameM AsAna evaM haThakriyAoM kA bAhalya evaM prAdhAnya na ho| rAjayoga meM 'mana jIte jagat jIte' kI ukti caritArtha hotI hai| isa yoga ke abhyAsa se uttara janma meM rAja evaM deva pada prApta hotA hai| mAnava tantra meM buddhi ko rAjA kahate haiN| vaha mana rUpI maMtrI va karmendriya rUpI prajA ko niyaMtrita karatI hai, ataH ise buddhiyoga bhI kahate hai| gotA meM kRSNa ne kahA hai ki unhoMne yahI yoga brahmA ko sikhaayaa| brahmA ne ise manu ko sikhAyA aura manu ne ikSvAkuvaMziyoM ko sikhAyA / isa prakAra rAjayoga atyaMta hI mahatpUrNa taMtra hai jo mAnava ko sukhI banAne meM sahAyaka hai| vastutaH mujhe yaha kheda kI bAta lagatI hai ki vartamAna meM bhArata ke adhikAMza yogAzramoM meM aneka prakAra ke haThayoga adhika sikhAye jAte haiN| isase zarIra ko to avazya lAbha hotA hai, parantu inase uccatara Atmika zaktiyoM ko jagAne meM pUrNa saphalatA nahIM miltii| Adhunika cikitsakoM kA bhI kahanA hai ki manuSya ke assI pratizata roga mAnasika tanAva ke kAraNa hote haiN| jaba taka hamArA mana nahIM ThIka hotA, taba taka hamArA zarIra bhI svastha nahIM raha sktaa| ataH mana ko svastha aura nirvikAra banAne ke liye rAjayoga hI sarvottama mAnA jAtA hai| buddhiyoga, sanyAsayoga, samatvayoga tathA puruSottama yoga Adi vividha nAma isI paddhati ke vividha pahalU haiM / antara-rahasyoM, Atma-paramAtma rahasyoM ke bhedaka hone se ise rahasyayoga bhI kahA jAtA hai| yoga ke sabhI prakAroM meM 'yoga' zabda mahatvapUrNa hai| isakA artha jor3anA, milana, milAnA yA milApa hotA hai| AdhyAtmika artha meM yoga zabda se AtmA aura parayAtmA ke milana kA bodha hotA hai| zarIra taMtra ke cakroM ke artha meM

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172 paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa mUlAdhAra aura AjJA cakra kA milana evaM samAyojana isakA artha hai / nAr3iyoM ke rUpa meM ir3A, vir3A aura piMgalA nAr3iyoM kA santulita samAyojana isakA artha hai / jo loga cittavRtti nirodha ko yoga mAnate haiM ( pataMjala ), unheM citta kI vRttiyoM ko caMcalatA ko roka kara unheM paramAtmA kI ora ekAgra karane kI prakriyA ko apanI yoga paribhASA meM sammilita karanA cAhiye / ataH isa mAnyatA ke AdhAra para yoga ke nimna soddezya artha ho jAte haiM : (i) AtmA aura paramAtmA ke viSaya meM jJAna aura cetanA ke mAdhyama se ekAgratA kA abhyAsa karanA / (ii) paramAtmA kI lagana lagAkara ekAgratA kA abhyAsa karanA / ( iii ) paramAtmA ke prati samarpaNa bhAva yA tanmayatA jagAnA / ( iv ) mana, vacana evaM zarIra ko Atmika zakti saMpanna banAnA / (v) paramAtmA ke upadezoM para dhyAna karanA va zaktiyoM kA vikAsa krnaa| ina lakSaNoM se rAjayoga kA eka ati sarala artha bhI pratiphalita kiyA gayA hai| milana kI madhuratA smRtipUrvaka hotI hai / smRti manuSya kA svAbhAvika guNa hai / manuSya sadaiva kisI na kisI vastu, vyakti yA paramAtmA ke bAre meM socatA rahatA hai / yaha spaSTa hai jisake viSaya meM socA jA rahA hai, usako smRti AtI hai| yaha milana kA hI eka rUpa hai / jaba paramAtmA kI smRti ( yA usake viSaya meM cetanA jAgatI hai ) AtI hai, taba vaha yoga kA rUpa letI hai| sAmAnyataH smRti tIna prakAra kI hotI haiM-Ane vAlI, karane vAlI aura satAne vAlI / Ane vAlI smRti vizeSa gaNoM yA kartavyoM ke AdhAra para AtI hai| udAharaNArtha, kisI ne hamAre Upara upakAra kiyA yA koI guNI vyakti hai to guNa yA upakAra kI carcA para usakI smRti AyegI hii| karane vAlI smRti svArtha vizeSa ke AdhAra para hotI hai| udAharaNArtha kisI ko koI kArya acchI taraha karanA AtA hai| yadi hameM kArya karanA ho to usakI sahAyatA pAne ke liye usakI smRti AtI hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yadi amuka vyakti na hogA, to kArya ThIka se na ho paayegaa| satAne vAlI smRti nikaTa saMbaMdhiyoM, hitaiSiyoM yA mitroM ke kAraNa hotI hai| bacce kI mRtyu para mAM-bApa ko dukha honA svAbhAvika hai. para samaya-samaya para usakI yAda eka viziSTa anubhUti ke rUpa meM satAyA karatI hai| ye saba sAMsArika * smRtiyAM haiN| yoga AdhyAtmika smRti kA nAma hai| usa smRti ko samAne vAlI smRti kahate haiM / usake smaraNa se samatAbhAva jAgRta hotA hai / jisa prakAra bijalI ke do tAroM ko jaba Apasa meM jor3A jAtA hai, taba usake UparI rabara-koTa ko dara kara jor3ane para hI vidyuta zakti pravAhita hotI hai, usI prakAra deha rUpa rabara ko dUra yA vismRta kiye binA hameM Atmazakti prApta nahIM ho sakatI hai| AtmA yA paramAtmA se saMparka karane ke liye sthUla tAra kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, samatA kA adRzya tAra ho isake liye Avazyaka hai| UMca-nIca kI bhAvanA yoga prakriyA ke viruddha hai| rAjayoga kI prakriyA rAjayoga meM mana ko ekAgra kara paramAtmA ko ora abhimukha kiyA jAtA hai| isameM yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki yaha saMsAra paramapitA paramAtmA ne banAyA hai, vaha aNu jyotirmaya vindu rUpa hai, brahmalokavAsI hai| usI kA manana aura praNidhAna karane se Ananda kI prApti hotI hai| isake liye prArambhika abhyAsa ke rUpa meM yaha nizcita rUpa se svIkAra karanA hotA hai ki hamArA zarIra aura AtmA bhinna-bhinna hai| zarIra kI ora anAsaktatA tathA AtmA bhimukhatA yA jmotivindu AtmAbhimukhatA kA abhyAsa hI rAjayoga hai| grogAbhyAsa ke liye saMkalpa zakti yA dRr3ha icchAzakti anivArya hai| isake binA cittavRttiyoM kA nirodha aura antarmukhatA nahIM A sktii| sarvaprathama nimna chaha bAtoM kA nizcaya aura manana yogAbhyAsa ke liye parama Avazyaka hai:

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sukha-zAnti kI prApti kA upAya : sahaja rAjayoga 173 (1) saccA sukha viSaya-vikAroM vAle sAMsArika jIvana meM nahIM hotaa| isaliye bhogI jIvana ko chor3ane ke liye puruSArtha karanA hai| (2) deha-abhibhAna ke sthAna para Atma-abhimAna kI pramukhatA hai / nAstika loga paramAtmA ko nahIM mAnate, ataH unheM yoga se pUrNa lAma nahIM mila pAtA / hamArI AtmA kA dharma pavitratA aura zAnti hai| isase matuSya ko ina daivI guNoM ko prApti kA puruSArtha karanA hai / isake liye paramAtmA kI bhakti, bala evaM samarpita bhAvanA kA abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai / (4) saMsAra meM paramAtmA ko kalyANakArI svarUpa kA pratinidhi mAnakara usakI aura dhyAna lagAne meM hI jIvana kI sArthakatA hai| (5) karmavAda aura punarjanmavAda satya haiN| inameM AsthA anivArya hai| isa AdhAra para saMsAra ko nATaka ke parivartanazIla dRzyoM ke samAna mAnanA cAhiye / yogI hone ke liye yaha niyativAdI aura paramAtmAbhimukhI vRtti lAbhakArI hotI hai| (6) saMsAra kI parivartanIyatA evaM kSaNabhaMguratA meM aTUTa vizvAsa honA caahiye| yaha paramAtmA ke prati abhimukhatA ko prerita karatA hai| nizcayAtmaka vRtti ke vikasita hone para (1) anAsakta vRtti yA samarpaNamayatA (2) buddhi saMtulana evaM paramAtma-gaNa-saMsmaraNa (3) AhAra zaddhi (4) saralatA evaM samAna bani (5) brahmacarya kA abhyAsa, yoga prakriyA aura usake lAbhoM ko sabala banAtA hai| vastutaH ina vRttiyoM ke binA yogAbhyAsa sambhava hI nahIM hai| ina guNoM ke vikAsa ke liye satsaMga yA guru-saMga var3A sahAyaka hotA hai| rAjayoga ke abhyAsa ke liye koI kaThina kriyA, Asana yA prANAyAmAdi karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isake liye to paramAtmA kA smaraNa, usake prati bhaktibhAva aura usake guNoM kA cintana hI Avazyaka hai| isake liye lokottara sthiti ke prati mana ko lagAnA pddegaa| dina-rAta meM sAta vAra taka 15-15 minaTa ke liye maMtra, mAlA yA japa Adi kA abhyAsa kara sAdhanA karanI par3atI hai| 'marajIvA' vRtti ( dehAbhimAna chor3akara AtmavRtti ) tathA atIta ko bhulAne kA abhyAsa karanA par3atA hai| yogamyAsa ke liye sukhadAyI Asana honA cAhiye / kiMcit ekAnta sthAna honA cAhiye / yaha vana yA vasatikahIM bhI ho sakatA hai / abhyAsa ke samaya netra banda raheM yA khule raheM, koI antara nahIM pdd'taa| isake bAda AtmA yA paramAtmA ke guNoM kA manana yA vicAra karanA caahiye| ina vicAroM se tanmayatA, smRti kI ekatAnatA tathA tallInatA utpanna hogii| isa abhyAsa ke samaya vartamAna caMcala manodazAoM ke kAraNa aneka saMkalpa vikalpa bhI mana meM Ate rahate haiN| apanI saMkalpazakti se inakI upekSA karanI cAhiye / deha ke prati anAsakti bhAva jAgRta hone para hI yogazakti prakaTa hotI hai| yogAbhyAsa se azuddha saMkalpa dUra hote haiM, dinacaryA sudhara jAtI haiN| isase ATha prakAra ko zaktiyAM prApta hotI haiM :-(i) nirNaya zakti (ii) parIkSA zakti (iii) sameTane kI zakti (iv) sAmanA karane kI zakti (v) sahanazakti (vi) saMkoca-vistAra zakti (vii) samatva zakti tathA (viii) samanvaya evaM sahayoga shkti| ina zaktiyoM ko hI siddhi, kSamatA yA yogyatA kahate haiN| ye zaktiyAM manuSya kI mahAnatA kI sUcaka haiM / ye hI AtmA ke pUrNavikAsa kI sUcaka haiM / inakA rUpa bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika-donoM prakAra kA hotA hai| ye zaktiyAM saMsAra ko sukhazAntimaya banAne ke liye Avazyaka hai| prArambhika yogAbhyAsa lakSya kendrita (nAsikAgra, nAbhikamala) hotA hai para antarmukhatA bar3hane para vaha Atmakendrita ho jAtA hai| taba ye vAhya zarIra kendra anupayogI ho jAte haiN| yogAbhyAsa kI pragati ke sAtha vyakti ko mAnasika avasthAoM meM uttarottara parivartana hotA hai| ina avasthAoM ke nAma kramazaH-(i) lagna yA vyutthAna, ( ii) manana yA

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174 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha samAdhi prArambha, (iii ) magna, RtaMbharA buddhi yA ekAgra, (iv ) vindukita yA nirodha haiM / ye avasthAyeM pataMjala yoga ke samAna hI hotI haiM / ina avasthAoM ke abhyAsa se antaH prakAza aura antaH zakti jAgRta hotI hai| pataMjala yoga aura sahaja rAjayoga jaba bhI yoga kA nAma lete haiM, to sAmAnyataH isase prAcIna pataMjala yoga kA hI artha liyA jAtA hai| yaha rAjayoga hai / brahmakumAriyoM kI yoga paddhati bhI rAjayoga hai, para ise sahaja yA sarala rAjayoga kahate haiN| yaha pataMjala ke aSTAMgI yoga kI tulanA meM sarala hai| pataMjala yoga meM udgama, kendra vindu, preraNAsrota evaM prApya Izvara yA paramAtmA nahIM hai, usameM Izvara ko gauNa sthAna prApta hai : isake viparyAsa meM, sahaja rAjayoga to paramAtma-kendrita hI hai| isameM bhaktibhAva kI pradhAnatA hai| sahaja rAjayoga pataMjala ke aSTAMga yoga se sarala hai| isameM Asana aura prANAyAmAdi zarIra kriyAoM kA ( jinheM durbala yA vyasta loga nahIM kara sakate ) mahattva nagaNya hai| isameM yama, niyama, paramAtma smRti evaM Atmasthiti, dhAraNA, dhyAna evaM samAdhi pramukha haiN| sahaja rAjayoga ke anusAra, Asana aura prANAyAna Adi kriyAyeM cittavRtti ko zarIrAbhimukhI banAtI haiN| abhyAsa aura vairAgya kI dazA meM jaba ye vRttiyAM niyantrita ho sakatI hai, taba ina AsanAdi kI upayogitA svayaM aspaSTa ho jAtI hai| vaise bhI AsanAdi yoga ke bahiraMga sAdhana hai| sahaja rAjayoga kI magnAvasthA pataMjala yoga kI samAdhi avasthA se bhinna pratIta hotI hai kyoMki usakA uddezya cittavRtti nirodha se prApta svarUpa zanyatA evaM mukti hai, para yahA~ cittavRtti nirodha ke mAdhyama se paramAtmAsmRti evaM saMyoga hI yoga kA mukhya lakSya hai / pataMjala yoga meM smRti bhI eka cittavRtti hai, usakA bhI nirodha Avazyaka hai| vitarka, vicAra, Ananda aura asmitA samAdhiyoM meM Ananda kA tIsarA aura gauNa sthAna hai, svarUpazUnyatA kI sthiti meM usake prati bhI vairAgyavRtti hotI hai| maraja rAjayoga kI mAnyatA isake bhinna hai| usakA lakSya hI paramAtma smRti evaM AnandAnubhati hai / pataMjala kI samAdhi mAnasika avadhAna kI parAkASThA hai jaba ki sahaja rAjayoga paramAtma svarUpa ke prati tAdAtmya hai| pataMjala ko cAroM prakAra kI samAdhiyoM ke lakSaNa rAjayoga ke uddezya se mela nahIM khaate| ye mAnasika antama khatA ko adhika mahatva detI haiM jabaki sahaja rAjayoga Izvara-praNidhAna mAtra para mahatva detA hai| sahaja rAjayogI isake binA yoga kA koI anya prayojana nahIM maantaa| zvAsa adhyAtma kA yAtrApatha hai zvAsa baha yAtrI hai jo bAhara kI yAtrA bhI karatA hai aura bhItara kI yAtrA bhI karatA hai| yaha vaha dIpa hai jo bAhara bhI prakAzita karatA hai aura bhItara ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai| yadi hama bhItara kI yAtrA karanA cAheM, to hamAre pAsa ekamAtra upAya hai ki hama mana ko zvAsa ke ratha para car3hA deM aura usake sAtha bhItara cale jaaveN| hamArI antaryAtrA prArambha ho jAvegI, hama AdhyAtmika bana jaaveNge| hamArA mana acaMcala ho jaavegaa| ___ zvAsa kA sambandha hai prANa se, prANa kA sambandha hai paryApti se arthAt sUkSma prANa se aura paryApti kA sambandha hai karmazarIra se / ataH karmazarIra zvAsa kI jar3a hai| yaha prANa hameM zvAsa ke mAdhyama se AkAza maMDala se prApta hotA hai| zvAsa hamArI adhyAtma sAdhanA kI nIMva kA patthara hai| zvAsa prekSA hamArI adhyAtma zakti jAgaraNa kA pahalA caraNa hai| -yuvAcArya mahAprajJa

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pUrNa svAsthya ke lie yogAbhyAsa svAmI niraMjanAnanda sarasvatI muMgera (bihAra) yoga vijJAna manuSya kI zArIrika, mAnasika aura AdhyAtmika unnati meM sadaiva se sahAyaka rahA hai| vartamAna vaijJAnika yuga ke Arambha se hI mahAn vicArakoM ne sambhAvanA vyakta kI thI ki manuSya aisI vicitra vyAdhiyoM aura kaSToM se ghiratA jA rahA hai jinakA sambandha zarIra se kama aura mana se tathA atIndriya zarIra se adhika hai| pichale 200 varSoM se manuSya ke bAhya jIvana meM tanAva bar3hatA jA rahA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa jyAdAtara loga apane bAre meM apane mana tathA Antarika samasyAoM ke bAre meM samajhane, vizleSaNa karane tathA socane kI kSamatA kho cuke haiM, ve pUrNatayA bhautikavAdI ho cuke haiN| samAja ke vartamAna DhA~ce ne aura roja-roja kI samasyAoM ne unheM isa bAta ke liye majabUra kara diyA hai ki ve kevala bAharI ghaTanAoM ko hI dekheN| jo kucha unake andara ghaTita ho rahA hai, use dekhane kA samaya unake pAsa nahIM hai| isaliye samaya ke isa daura meM unheM apane zArIrika aura mAnasika svAsthya ko banAye rakhane ke liye Avazyaka niyamoM kI avahelanA karanI par3I hai| pichale 50 varSoM se manuSya ke andara kyA ghaTita ho rahA hai aura kyoM ghaTita ho rahA hai, isa bAre meM vaha aba jAgarUka hotA jA rahA hai| aba vaha eka aise vijJAna kI khoja meM hai jo use svastha va prasanna rakha sake aura jIvana ke hara mor3a para zAMti pradAna kara sake / yoga hamAre liye koI naI cIja nahIM hai| yaha hamAre sAtha yugoM-yugoM se jur3A huA hai / bIca meM eka samaya aisA A gayA jaba hamane isa vidyA ko bilkula hI bhulA diyaa| hamane yoga ke sahI arthoM ko samajhane ko bhUla ko aura yaha socane lage ki yoga dainika jIvana ke liye nahIM hai / isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki yoga eka bhUlo huI vidyA bana gyii| yoga ko bhulA dene ke kAraNa eka andhakAra bharA yuga aayaa| usa yuga meM anajAne hI manuSya ne bahuta kaSTa sahe / aba isa zatAbdI meM logoM ko kaSToM se chuTakArA dilAne ke liye yoga ne bhArata varSa meM phira se janma liyA hai| yoga samUce saMsAra kA hai isakA matalaba yaha nahI ki yoga vizeSa rUpa se bhArata kA vijJAna hai / yaha apanI sampUrNatA sameta sAre saMsAra kA vijJAna hai| parantu yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ko jaba samUcA saMsAra ajJAnatA meM DUbA huA thA, sirpha bhAratavarSa ne hI yoga kI rakSA kii| yahI kAraNa hai ki samaya-samaya para yahA~ bar3e-bar3e mahAtmA hue haiM jinhoMne pUrNa rUpa se apane ko yoga ke usa AdhyAtmika rUpa ke prati samarpita kara diyA jo jIvana meM sukha-zAnti aura prasannatA kA AdhAra hai| isa paramparA ke kAraNa bhAratavarSa meM yoga kA vaha ucca jJAna naSTa hone se baca gayA jise saMsAra ne apanI ajJAnatA aura upekSA ke kAraNa kho diyA thA / yoga kI isa paramparA ko bhAratavarSa ke zraddhAlu aura samarpita logoM ne akSuNNa rakhA hai / isakA pariNAma yaha hai ki jahA~ sArA saMsAra isa mazInI yuga meM bhramita ho rahA hai, vahA~ bhAratavarSa yoga kI vibhUtiyoM ko janma de rahA hai| unakI zikSA se eka bAra phira yoga ne sampUrNa vizva meM prasiddhi pAI hai aura isase eka jAti yA dharma vizeSa kA nahIM, pUrI mAnavatA kA kalyANa ho rahA hai| hameM yaha nizcita rUpa se samajhanA hai ki yoga hI jIvana ko sahI DhaMga se jone kA

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176 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa sahaja mArga hai| yoga kI vibhinna zAkhAyeM jaise-haThayoga, rAjayoga, bhaktiyoga, karmayoga, layayoga, kriyAyoga aura dhyAnayoga-sabhI manuSya ke mana-mastiSka aura zarIra para apanA gaharA prabhAva DAlatI hai / haThayoga-snAyuoM ko gatimAna karane ke lie / udAharaNa ke lie haThayoga para vicAra kreN| haThayoga eka aisI camatkArika vidyA hai jise Aja kI mAnavatA ne phira se khoja nikAlA hai / 'yoga' zabda sammilana kI ora saMketa karatA hai / 'haTha' zabda sUrya aura candra kI zakti ora saMketa karatA hai| ye ve do zaktiyA~ haiM jo manuSya ke zarIra meM rahatI hai| ye hamArI usa zakti kI AdhArazi hai jo hamArA prANa hai jisakI sahAyatA se hama socate hai aura anubhava karate haiN| ye hI donoM zaktira saJcAlana, hamAre socane ke DhaMga aura hamArI pratyeka zArIrika ghaTanAoM ke liye uttaradAyI hai| a meM sAmaMjasya nahIM rahatA, to samajhiye ki vahI hamArI bImAriyoM kA, becainI kA aura azAMti kA kAraNa banatA hai| jaba inameM sAmaMjasya rahatA hai aura ye milakara kAma karatI haiM taba hameM zAnti milatI hai aura hamArA zarIra svastha rahatA hai / haThayoga kA abhyAsa karane se ina donoM zaktiyoM kA santulana ThIka rahatA hai / sampUrNa zarIra zuddha ho jAtA hai / isase sAmaMjasya aura zAnti kI sthitiyA~ nirmita hotI haiN| hamAre zarIra ke DhA~ce meM jo rIr3ha kA hissA hai, vahA~ do nahareM haiM jinakA pravAha nIce se Upara kI ora hotA hai| ye Apasa meM cAra jagahoM para eka-dUsare se milatI haiN| haThayoga kI bhASA meM inheM ir3A aura piMgalA nAr3iyoM ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / ir3A mAnasika zakti kA saJcAlana karatI hai aura piMgalA prANa zakti kA saJcAlana karatI hai / ye do nAr3iyA~ rIr3ha kI haDDI ke nIce eka vizeSa atIndriya kendra se nikalatI hai / isa kendra ko "mUlAdhAra cakra" kahA jAtA hai / ise trikAnutrika jAlaka (sacrococcygeal plexus) kahate haiN| phira ve eka dUsare ko zroNi jAlaka (pelvic plexus) para yAnI svAdhiSThAna cakra meM kATatI hai| phira saura jAlaka yAno maNipura cakra meM, phira hada-jAlaka yAnI anAhata cakra meM aura phira grIvA jAlaka yAnI vizuddhi cakra meM eka-dUsare ko kATatI hai| aMta meM ye donoM AjJA cakra meM yAnI meru rajju zIrSa meM Akara eka-dUsare se mila jAtI haiM / mana aura zarIra sambandhI bImAriyAM / ir3A aura piMgalA nAr3iyoM ko prakRti ne zarIra aura mana kI zaktiyAM dI haiN| yaha zakti cakroM dvArA zarIra ko choTI-choTI kozikAoM meM, hara kaMNa meM, hara aga meM pahu~cAyI jAtI hai| agara ir3A nAr3o meM kisI taraha ko kamajorI aura zaktihInatA AtI hai, to ir3A se sambandhita aMgoM meM kaSTa hotA hai| isa prakAra agara piMgalA nAr3I meM koI zaktihInatA yA avarodha utpanna hotA hai, to piMgalA se sambandhita aMga prabhAvita hote hai| saMkSepa meM hara bImArI kA yahI kAraNa hai| bImArI yA to zArIrika hoto hai yA mAnasika / zArIrika bImAriyoM kA sambandha jIvanI zakti se hotA ke mAnasika bImAriyoM kA sambandha mana kI zakti se rahatA hai| isaliye ir3A mAnasika bImAriyoM ke liye uttaradAyI hai aura piMgalA nAr3I zArIrika bImAriyoM ke liye / hama kevala manokAyika bImAriyoM se hI nahIM varan kAyamAnasika bImAriyoM se bhI kaSTa uThAte haiN| kabhI-kabhI bImArI zArIrika rUpa se zurU hotI hai aura mAnasika rUpa meM badala jAtI hai aura kabhI mAnasika rUpa se zurU hokara zArIrika bana jAtI hai| isaliye yaha nirNaya karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai ki bImArI zArIrika hai yA mAnasika athavA donoM hai| Asana aura prANAyAma ke prayojana haThayoga meM hara bImArI ko zArIrika aura mAnasika-donoM rUpoM meM dekhate haiM / isalie haThayoga ke AsanoM ko kevala zArIrika kasarata hI nahIM samajhanA caahiye| ye Asana zarIra kI ve avasthAyeM aura sthitiyAM haiM jo svAbhAvika

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pUrNa svAsthya ke lie yogAbhyAsa 177 guNoM se zarIra kI nAr3iyoM ke vaidyutaparipatha ko prabhAvita karatI haiM aura unameM parivartana lAtI haiM / AsanoM ko saralatA se karane ke lie pahale zArIrika zuddhi hetu Apako SaTkarma karane hoMge jo zarIra zuddhi kI chaH vidhiyA~ haiM / prANAyAma zvAsa-sambandhI vijJAna hai / prANAyAma ko bhI hamane bahuta DhaMga se samajhA hai| loga ise zvAsa kI kasarata samajhate haiM jabaki vastutaH yaha hamAre prasupta prANa ko jAgRta karatA hai| isase zarIra ko vibhinna asta-vyasta kozikAoM meM sudhAra ho jAtA hai / jaba zarIra "SaTkarma" kI kriyA dvArA zuddha ho jAtA hai aura Asana meM nipuNatA prApta ho jAtI hai, taba prANAyAma kA abhyAsa Arambha kiyA jA sakatA hai / prANAyAma karane se zarIra meM zakti phira se Avezita hotI hai tathA ir3A aura piMgalA nAr3I ke mAdhyama se yaha zakti mastiSka sameta zarIra ke hara hisse ko prabhAvita karatI hai| mantra aura yantra : mastiSka ke bojha ko halkA karane ke lie pUrNa svAsthya ke lie mantra, yantra aura maNDala ke vijJAna ko jAnanA bhI bahuta Avazyaka hai| mantra vijJAna, dhvani vijJAna hai| dhvani-taraMgeM zArIrika aura mAnasika zarIroM-donoM ko hI prabhAvita karatI haiN| dhvani UrjA kA itanA sazakta rUpa hai ki Adhunika vijJAna dhvani kI sahAyatA se aise mAikroveva cUlhe kA nirmANa karane vAlA hai jisakI garmI se kucha sekeNDoM meM hI Apa apanA bhojana pakA sakate haiM / loga samajhate haiM ki davA, iMjekzana, goliyAM aura jar3I-bUTiyAM bImAriyoM ko miTA detI haiN| ye acchI cIjeM hai, parantu yaha nizcita hai ki ina saba se bar3hakara eka aura vidhi hai jo jyAdA zaktizAlI aura prabhAvazAlI hai aura vaha hai-dhvani / vizeSa rUpa se vaha dhvani jo mantra ke rUpa meM hotI hai| mantra yoga meM Apa bAra-bAra eka hI taraha ke zabdoM ko aura eka hI taraha kI dhvani ko doharAte haiN| mantra phira dhvani meM rUpAntarita ho jAtA hai jo zaddha zakti kA svarUpa hai / isase zarIra kI zaktihIna kozikAoM ko phira se nayA jIvana milatA hai aura ve punaH kAryazIla ho jAtI haiM / ____ manuSya kA mastiSka anaginata AdyarUpoM (archetypes) kA bhaNDAra hotA hai| ye AdyarUpa manuSya ke vartamAna janma aura pUrvajanma ke tathA usake pUrvajoM ke anubhavoM ke pratIka hote haiN| hara vaha anubhava jise hamAro cetanA grahaNa karatI hai. hamAre mastiSka meM sAMketika rUpa meM aMkita ho jAtA hai| anubhavoM ko aMkita karane vAlI tathA unheM rUpAntarita karake apane mastiSka meM rakhane vAlI prakriyA nirantara calatI rahatI hai-usa samaya se jaba janma hotA hai aura usa samaya taka jaba matyu hotI hai, aisA koI anubhava nahIM hai jise hamArI cetanA naSTa kara ske| yahA~ taka ki sote samaya. svapna dekhate samaya, ardhanidrita avasthA meM, pUrNa behozI ke samaya bhI jo anubhava hAte haiM, ve bhI sthUla, mAnasika yA kAraNa zarIroM meM koI na koI pratIka kA rUpa le lete haiN| ye hI saMskAra manuSya ke karmoM ke pratirUpa hai| ina anaginata saMskAroM kI isa jIbana me (jo duHkha aura sukha, AzA aura nirAzA, svAsthya aura bImAriyoM se bharA huA hai) abhivyakti hotI rahatA hai / yantra jyAmitIya pratIkoM kA vijJAna hai / ye hameM una saMskAroM se chuTakArA dilAte haiM, jo hamArI ketanA meM, bimboM. atIndriya anabhavoM, daivI anubhavoM yA azAMti ke rUpa meM kahIM bahata gaharAI meM ekatra ho gaye haiN| isa taraha hamAre mana-mastiSka ko bhAra-rahita karake mantra aura yantra hamArI aMtaHzakti ko nirmukta kara dete haiM / yoganidrA : mastiSka ko tanAvarahita karane ke lie hama apane dimAga, zarIra aura apanI bhAvanAoM para tanAvoM kA bojha DAlate rahate haiM, jisase hamArA svAsthya prabhAvita ho jAtA hai| yoga meM isa tanAva se chaTakArA pAne ke lie yA to apane mana-mastiSka ko zithila kara diyA jAtA hai yA phira yoganidrA kA abhyAsa viyA jAtA hai / isa kriyA se pratyAhAra kI sthiti A jAtI hai / yaha eka aisI sthiti hai jisameM mastiSka kA indriyoM se sambandha-viccheda ho jAtA hai| mana, mastiSka aura cetanA pUrI taraha se parivartita ho jAte hai / aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki ye naye rUpa lekara janme hai / taba mAnasika, zArIrika aura bhAvanAtmaka tanAva zIghra hI dUra ho jAte hai|

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178 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa .. kriyAyoga: Atmazakti ko bar3hAne ke lie __ aise sAtvika loga bahuta kama saMkhyA meM hote haiM jinake vyaktitva meM pUrNa sAmaMjasya ko sthiti rahatI hai / rAjasika pravRtti ke loga adhika hote haiN| unakA jIvana aMtadvaMdvoM se ghirA rahatA hai| tAmasika pravRtti ke loga bahusaMkhyaka hote haiM jo yaha bhI nahIM jAnate ki unake mana meM aMtardvandva cala rahA hai| isalie yoga kI kriyAyeM alaga-alaga vyaktiyoM ke lie alaga-alaga hotI hai| jina vyaktiyoM ko bahuta kama aMtardvandvoM se jUjhanA par3atA hai aura jinakI mAnasika sthiti sAmaMjasyapUrNa hai, unake lie "dhyAna yoga" kI kriyA upayukta hai| ve kisI eka vicAra bindu para dhyAna ekAgra kara sakate haiN| jina vyaktiyoM ke jIvana meM dvandva hI dvandva bhare hue haiM, ve eka hI vicAra bindu para ekAgra nahIM ho sakate / agara unheM citta ko ekAgra karane ke lie bAdhya kiyA jAyegA to unake sAmane koI mAnasika samasyA utpanna ho jaayegii| aise logoM kI soI huI Atmazakti ko jagAne ke lie kriyAyoga kI choTI-choTI sugama kriyAe~ upayukta hoMgI / isa yuga ko e aura Aja kI mAnavatA ke lie kriyAyoga eka anivArya sAdhanA hai, kyoMki adhikAMza loga aise hai, jo apane dhyAna ko ekAgra nahIM kara sakate / aise logoM ke mana ko rAjasI pravRttiyoM ne aura durvyasanoM ne itanA jakar3a liyA hai ki cAhane para bhI unameM ekAgratA aura sthiratA nahIM A paatii| anajAne meM hI manuSya ne ina duvyavasanoM ke pravAha meM apane ko DAla diyA hai, parantu yaha mAnavatA kI niyati nahIM hai / use apane-Apako isa sthiti se nikAla kara eka ucca mAnasika sthiti taka le jAnA hai| manuSya ko aisA karanA hI hogaa| Aja nahIM to 10 yA 20 hajAra varSoM kI avadhi meM yA usase bhI adhika 10 lAkha varSoM meM usa apane-Apako isa vartamAna sthiti se nikAlanA hI haagaa| manuSya kI cetanA ke mAdhyama se prakRti kA kramavikAsa ho rahA hai| kriyAyAga se isa kramavikAsa ko gati meM tejI aayegii| taba mAnava yahIM, isI dharato para apane uccatama mana kI sthiti ( jo astitva kI sarvocca avasthA hai) kA svayaM anubhava kregaa| prasannatA aura svAsthya cAhe manuSya ko koI zArIrika vyAdhi na ho, tathApi hama use svastha manuSya nahIM kaha sakate / ho sakatA hai, use ghabarAhaTa ho, vaha cintAgrasta ho yA azAnta ho / zArIrika sthiti se svAsthya kA patA nahIM lagAyA jA sakatA-yaha yoga kA eka mukhya siddhAnta hai / koI vyakti zArIrika rUpa se pUrNa svastha hokara bhI bahuta duHkhI ho sakatA hai| kyA Apa eka bahuta duHkho manuSya ko svastha kaheMge ? kyA aprasannatA apane Apa meM eka bImArI nahIM hai ? aura vicAroM ke bAre meM ApakA kyA khyAla hai? kisa taraha Apa svastha vicAroM kA saMgraha kareMge? kisa taraha se Apa hAdika prasannatA kA saMcaya kareMge ? mana zAnta, nirudvega aura Ananda se paripUrNa rahanA caahie| yaha yoga kA dUsarA mukhya siddhAnta hai| Apake pAsa khAne ke lie bahuta hai, rahane ke lie acchA makAna hai aura kharca karane ke lie bahuta rupayA hai, phira bhI Apa ajJAna ke ananta aMdhakAra meM DUbe hue haiM aura bAhara nikalane ke lie rAstA khAja rahe haiN| kyA avidyA ho manuSyamAtra kI sabhI bomAriyoM kI jar3a nahIM ha ? yAga ke anusAra, manuSya eka sAtha hI dasa prakAra ke staroM meM nivAsa karatA hai, jinameM zArIrika, mAnasika, atIndriya, kAraNa Ara AdhyAtmika stara mukhya hai| kriyAyoga, rAjayoga, haThayoga aura yoganidrA dvArA hama ekasAtha, eka hA samaya meM ina staroM para raha sakate hai| yoga ne mAnavatA ko kyA diyA hai aura kyA dene vAlA hai ? samUce saMsAra meM saikar3oM-hajAroM loga yoga kI sAdhanA kara rahe hai aura asAdhAraNa tathA asAdhya bImAriyoM se chuTakArA pA rahe haiM / isa saMsAra meM aura Aja ke isa samAja meM rahane ke lie ve naye taraha se apanA mAnasika vikAsa kara rahe haiM / yoga unheM apane jIvana ke vikAsa ke lie nayI AzA pradAna karatA hai |jo loga zarIra kI asvasthatA ke kAraNa jIvana kI sArI khuziyAM kho cuke the, ve Aja pUrNarUpa se svastha aura prasanna haiN| Aja vizva meM, hajAroM yoga saMsthAeM haiM, yoga zikSaka haiM aura yoga ke chAtra haiN| yoga ne mAnavatA ko kyA diyA hai ? eka nayA dharma ? eka nayA paMtha ? nahIM, yoga ne diyA hai eka aisA vijJAna jisase manuSya apane mana ke rUpAntaraNa kA anubhava kara ske| hA~, sahI athoM meM mAnavatA ke lie yoga kA yahI yogadAna rahA hai aura rhegaa|

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AcArya haribhadra ko ATha yoga dRSTiyA~ zrI satIza munijI khAcaroda, (ma0 pra0) vaidika, bauddha aura jaina-tInoM paramparAoM meM yoga kI mahattA svIkAra kI gaI hai / yadyapi prArambha meM isakI paribhASAoM meM kucha antara pratIta hotA thA, para sAtavIM-AThavIM sadI aura usake bAda tabhI dhArAoM ne pataMjala ke yogasUtra ke anusAra adhyAtmaparaka cittavRtti-nirodha kI paribhASA ko svIkAra kiyaa| saMkSepa meM. sabhI paramparAoM meM yoga kA artha, "samasta AtmazaktiyoM kA pUrNa vikAsa karAne vAlI prakriyA" yA "samasta AtmaguNoM ko anAvRta karane vAlI AtmAbhimakhI sAdhanA" samajhanA cAhiye / ___ kuMdakuMda, samantabhadra, pUjyapAda, siddhasena Adi sabhI pramukha jaina AcAryoM ne dhyAna ke rUpa meM yoga kA hI varNana kiyA hai| isake pUrva samavAyAMga meM 32 prazasta yogoM tathA uttarAdhyayana meM saMvega se lekara akarmatA taka 73 padoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| varNana kI dRSTi se yaha pataMjala-vivaraNa se bhinna pratIta hotA hai, para bhAva aura artha kI dRSTi se donoM meM paryApta samarUpatA hai| uttaravartI kAla meM haribhadra, hemacaMdra, zubhacaMdra tathA yazovijaya gaNi ke yoga vivaraNa mukhyataH pataMjala yoga para AdhArita haiM / ina sabhI ke varNanoM kI apanI-apano vizeSatA hai / yaha vizeSatA hI ina AcAryoM kI maulikatA hai / jainAcAryoM meM AThavIM sadI ke pramukha AcArya haribhadra ( 700-770 I0 ) sarvaprathama haiM, jinhoMne patajala kA anusaraNa kara yoga viSayaka cAra prantha likhe haiM : yogabindu, yogadRSTi samuccaya, yogazAstra aura yoga vizikA / inake SoDazaka meM bhI kucha prakaraNa yoga se sambandhita hai, para inakA varNana uparokta cAra granthoM meM samAhita ho jAtA hai| inameM prathama do atha saMskRta meM hai aura zeSa do prAkRta bhASA meM haiN| yogabindu meM 527 zloka haiM, yogadRSTi samuccaya meM 227 zloka, yogazataka meM nAma ke anusAra 100 tathA yoga vizikA meM 20 gAthAe~ haiN| AcArya haribhadra ne yogadRSTi samuccaya meM yoga ke vivaraNa meM yogadRSTiyoM kI apekSA vivecanA kI hai| yaha vivecanA unakI maulikatA kA pratIka hai| unhoMne icchA yoga, zAstra yoga evaM sAmarthya yoga ke rUpa meM yoga prakriyA ke tIna stara batAye hai aura yoga sanyAsa ko mukti kA kAraNa kahA hai| haribhadra ne mAnava kI satya se sambandhita dhAraNAoM ko 'dRSTi' kahA hai / ajJAnakAla kI avasthA 'ogha dRSTi yA sahaja dRSTi' tathA jJAnakAla kI avasthA 'yogadRSTi yA samyagdaSTi' kahalAtI hai| unhoMne aSTAMga yoga ke varNana ke bAda usase prApta hone vAlI ATha prakAra kI daSTiyoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / aSTAMga yoga ke pracalita nAma nimna hai : (1) yama : ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha / (2) niyama : zauca, santoSa, tapa, svAdhyAya, Izvara-praNidhAna / (3) Asana : vaise to Asana aneka prakAra ke batAye gaye haiM, lekina unameM 84 vivecanIya haiN| inameM bhA siddhAsana, padmAsana, svastikAsana, siMhAsana-ina cAra ko pramukha mAnA hai /

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18. paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa (4) prANAyAma : prANAyAma meM sahAyaka nimna kriyAe~ anuSTheya haiM : neti, dhauti, nauli, gharSaNa ( kapAlabhAti ) aura trATaka / inheM SaTkarma kahate haiN| prANAyAma ke 9 bheda haiM : lobha viNema, sUryabhedana, ujjayI, zItakArI, zItalo, bhastrikA, mUrchA, bhrAmaNI aura praavnii| prANAyAma meM nau prakAra kI viziSTa mudrAeM hotI haiM : mahAmudrA, mahAbaMdha, mahAvedha, viparItakaraNo, tAr3ana, paridhAnayukta paricAlana, zakticAlana, khecarI aura bajrolI / aSTAMga yoga ke ye cAra aMga zrama (haTha ) sAdhya hone se inheM haTha yoga ko saMjJA bhI dI jAtI hai| (5) pratyAhAra (6) dhAraNA : isakI dRr3hatA meM sahAyaka nimna mudrAe~ anuSTheya haiM : agocaro, bhUcaro, cAcaro, zAmbhavo, unmatI, kuMbhaka / (7) dhyAna : sAlaMbana dhyAna, nirAlaMbana dhyAna / (8) samAdhi: saMprajJAta aura asaMprajJAta / . aSTAMga yoga ke ina cAra aMgoM ko saMjJA 'rAjayoga' hai| eka ho viSaya yA lakSya para dhyAna, dhAraNA aura samAdhi ke nikSepita karane para tritayo ko 'saMyama' kahA jAtA hai| yoga ke uparokta aSTAMgoM ke varNana ke sAtha, haribhadra ne yaugika vikAsa evaM karma-mala ke kSaya tathA samyag dRSTi kI prApti ke ATha caraNa batAye haiM / ina caraNoM meM kramika Atmazodhana hotA hai| ina caraNoM ko 'dRSTi' kahA gayA hai / yoga se sambandhita hone se inheM 'yoga dRSTi' kahate haiN| inakI saMkhyA bhI ATha hai-mitrA, tArA, balA, diprA, sthirA, kAntA, prabhA aura praa| inakA svarUpa nirUpaNa karate hue unhoMne likhA hai ki ye dRSTi yA~ sat-dRSTA puruSa ko dRSTi ko vizadatA evaM nirmalatA ke vikAsa kI kramika pratIka hai| inako uttarottara sUkSmatA evaM tIkSNatA ko samajhAne ke liye unhoMne . inakI tulanA sahaja upalabdha vadArthoM ko prabhA camaka (aura usake srAta aura prabhAva) se kI hai| unhoMne batAyA hai ki ATha yoga dRSTiyA~ kramazaH ghAsa, kanDe, kASTa kI agni kI camaka, dIpa, ratna, tAraka, sUrya aura candra ko AbhA ke samAna hotI hai| ina dRSTiyoM se kheda, udvega, kSepa, utthAna, bhrAnti, anyamuda, ruk aura AsaMga nAmaka ATha doSa dUra hote haiM aura adveSa, jijJAsA, suzraSA, zravaNa, bodha, momAMsA, parizuddha pratipatti evaM prasi nAmaka sadagaNoM kA sahacAra hAtA hai| para dRSTiyA~ bhraMzayukta haiN| inheM prApta kara vyakti isase bhraSTa bhI ho sakatA hai| patana hotA hI ho, aisA nahIM hai / patana kI sambhAvanA ke kAraNa ye cAra dRSTiyAM sApAya-apAya yA bAdhAyukta kahIM jAtI hai| zeSa dRSTiyA~ bAdhA rahita hai / yoga dRSTi samuccaya ke anusAra inakA varNana yahAM diyA jA rahA hai| 1. mitrA dRSTi-isa dRSTi ke prApta hone para sAdhaka sat zraddhA kA Ara unmukha hAtA hai, use bodha to hotA hai para vaha maMdatA liye rahatA hai / mitrA dRSTi vAlA sAdhaka yoga ke prathama aga, yama ke vividha rUpoM kA prArambhika abhyAsa kara letA hai / vyakti AtmAnnati ke acUka hetubhUta yoga vojoM kA svIkAra karatA hai / mitrA dRSTi meM darzana moha, sithyAtva yA avidyA ke viparyAsa meM AtmaguNoM kA sphuraNa tathA antarvikAsa kI dizA meM prathama udvelana hotA hai| yaha adhyAtma vikAsa ko yathAvRttikaraNa guNasthAna kI avasthA kA pramukhatA kA pratIka hai| yaha AdhyAtmaka yoga kI pahalI dazA hai jisameM dRSTi pUrNataH to samyaka nahIM ho pAtI para yahA~ se antarjAgaraNa evaM guNAtmaka pragati kI yAtrA kA zubhArambha ho jAtA hai / isa dRSTi meM guNiyoM ke prati Adara, anukaraNa, dukhiyoM ke prati karuNA evaM satkAryoM ke prati rujhAna utpanna hotA hai| 2. tArA dRSTi-isase yoga kA dUsarA aMga-niyama-sadhatA hai| zoca, santoSa, tapa, svAdhyAya aura Atma cintana jIvana meM phalita hote haiN| Atmahita kI pravRtti meM utsAha evaM tatvonmukhI jijJAsA utpanna hoto hai / isa dRSTi

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AcArya haribhadra ko ATha yoga dRSTiyA~ 181 meM sAdhaka yoga carcA meM nirantara abhiruci liye rahatA hai / vaha yoganiSTha yogiyoM kA niyamapUrvaka bahumAna karatA hai aura unakI yathAzakti sevA ke liye tatpara rahatA hai| sevA se yogiyoM kA anugraha milatA hai, zraddhA kA vikAsa hotA hai, Atmahita kA udaya hotA hai, kSudra upadrava miTa jAte haiM aura mAdhaka ziSTajanoM se mAnya hotA hai janma. maraNa rUpa AvAgamana kriyA kA atyaMta bhaya nahIM hotaa| anajAne meM usase koI anucita kriyA nahIM hotii| vaha mana meM dveSa bhAva nahIM lAtA hai| vaha sAtvika ciMtana kI ora kramazaH bar3hatA hai| ___3. balA dRSTi- isase yoga kA tIsarA aMga-Asana-sAdhatA hai| isameM sukhAsana yukta dRr3ha darzana prApta hotA hai| natva zravaNa kI tIvra icchA jAgatI hai evaM sAdhanA meM akSepa-kSepa nAmaka doSa nahIM Ane paataa| isa dRSTi ke vikAsa se asat padArthoM ke prati tRSNA kI sahaja pravRtti zUnya ho jAtI hai| sAdhaka sarvatra sukhamayatA kA anubhava karane lagatA hai| sAdhaka ke jIvana meM sthiratA kA aisA sukhada samAveza hotA hai ki usakI samasta kriyAyeM nirbAdha hone lagatI haiN| usake sAre kArya mAnasika sAvadhAnI liye rahate haiM / balA dRSTi ke vikAsa se yogI ke dhyAna, cintana, manana Adi zubha kAryoM meM vikSepa nahIM aataa| vaha zubha samArambhamaya upakrama meM kuzalatA prAsa karatA jAtA hai| vaha sAdhya prApti ke lakSya ko ora sadaiva prayAsarata rahatA hai / vaha pApapUrNa pravRttiyoM kA parityAga kara detA hai / isase yAga sAdhanA meM Ane vAle vighnoM kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| isake phalasvarUpa utkRSTa Atma-abhyudaya saghatA hai / 4. viprA dRSTi-isase yoga kA cauthA aMga prANAyAma sadhatA hai| isameM antaratama meM aise prazAnta rasa kA sahaja pravAha bahatA rahatA hai ki citta yoga se virata ho nahIM hotaa| isase tatva zravaNa saghatA hai, kevala bAharI kAnoM se ho nahIM, apitu antaHkaraNa se yaha rUci hAtA hai| isameM antahikatA kA bhAva to udita hAtA hai, para sUkSma bAdha prApta karanA abhI bAkI rahatA hai / diprA dRSTi ke sAdhaka kA mAnasika aura bauddhika stara itanA U~cA ho jAtA hai ki vaha dharma ko nizcita rUpa se prANoM se bar3hakara samajhatA hai| prANaghAtaka saMkaTa Ane para bhI vaha dharma kA nahIM chodd'taa| yaha sAdhaka sAtvika bhAvoM se AplAvita hA jAtA hai| vaha tatvazraNa ke mAdhyama se apane kalyANa ke prati sajaga rahatA hai| isase gurubhakti rUpa sukha prApta hotA hai| isase laukika aura pAralaukika-donoM hita sadhate hai / 5. sthirA dRSTi-isa dRSTi se yoga kA pratyAhAra aMga sadhatA hai / zruta, tarka aura AtmAnubhava se zraddhA dRr3ha hAtI hai| pratyAhAra se sva-sva-viSayoM ke sambandha se virata hokara indriyA~ aura citta svarUpAnusAra pratIta hone lagatI haiN| isase sAdhaka ke dvArA kiye jAne vAle kRtya, nirdhAnta, nirdoSa tathA sUkSma bodhayukta hote haiN| isa dRSTi meM 'vedya-saMvedya pada' kI pradhAnatA A jAtI hai| yaha dRSTi do prakAra kI mAnI gayI hai-niraticAra aura sAticAra / niraticAra daSTi meM aticAra yA vighna nahIM Ane pAte / isameM zraddhA pratipAtarahita evaM avasthita rahatI hai| sAticAra dRSTi meM darzana anitya tathA anavasthita rahatA hai / sthirA dRSTi ke sAdhaka samyak-dRSTi puruSa ke ajJAnAndhakAra kI granthi kA vibhedana ho jAtA hai / ataH use samasta mAMsArika ceSTAyeM bAlakoM dvArA kheloM meM banAye jAte ghara ke samAna pratIta hotI haiM / isa dRSTi ke yogI meM zAsana-prasUta viveka jAgRta hotA hai / vaha deha, ghara, parivAra, vaibhava Adi vAhya bhAvoM ko mRgatRSNA, gandharva nagara yA kalpanA ke rUpa meM mAnatA hai| use sAsArika bhAvoM ko vAstavikatA kA tathya satyapUrNa darzana ho jAtA hai / isa dRSTi meM sva-parabheda-vijJAna prApta vive kI evaM dhAra sAdhaka pratyAhAra parAyaNa hAte haiM aura dharmArAdhanA meM Ane vAlI bAdhAoM ke parihAra meM prayatnazIla rahate haiN| 6. kAMtA dRSTi-isa dRSTi meM samyak darzana avicchinna ho jAtA hai / isa dRSTi meM sthita yogI dharma ko mahimA tathA samyak AcAra kI vizuddhi ke kAraNa sabhI ko priya hotA hai / vaha dharmamaya ho jAtA hai| isa dRSTi ke yogI kI Atmadharma bhAvanA itanI dRr3ha hotI hai ki vaha zarIra se anyAnya kAryoM meM lage rahane para bhI mana se sadaiva sadgurupravINa Agama meM tallIna rahatA hai / vaha sahaja svabhAvo jJAna se yukta hokara sadaiva AtmabhAva ko Ara AkRSTa rahatA haiM / vaha

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182 50 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa anAsakta ho jAtA hai| isase sAMsArika bhoga use janma-maraNa cakra meM bhaTakAne vAle nahIM hote / isa dRSTi meM sthita sAdhaka sadaiva tatvacintana tathA tatvamImAMsA meM lagA rahatA hai| isase vaha moha vyApta nahIM hotaa| use yathArtha bodha prApta ho jAne se usakA uttarottara Atmahita saghatA hai / 7. prabhA dRSTi-prabhA dRSTi pratyakSataH dhyAna priya hai| isameM yogI prAyaH dhyAnarata rahatA hai / isameM yoga kA sAtavAM aMga dhyAna sadhatA hai| rAga, dveSa, moha-tridoSa rUpa bhAva roga yahAM bAdhA nahIM dete| yahAM tatvamImAMsaka yogo ko tatvAnubhUti prApta hotI hai / usakA jhukAva sahaja satpravRtti kI ora rahatA hai / isa dRSTi meM dhyAna janya sukha kA anubhava hotA hai| yaha rUpa, zabda, sparza Adi kAma-viSayoM kA jItane vAlA hai| yaha dhyAna-sukha viveka bala kI tobratA se utpanna hotA hai / isameM prazAMta bhAva kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| isakI satpravRtti kI saMjJA asaMgAnuSThAna kahalAtI hai| yaha cAra prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai : prIti, bhakti, vacana aura asaMga / samagra prakAra ke saMga, Asakti yA saMsparza se rahita AtmAnacaraNa asaMgAnuSThAna hai| ise anAlambana yoga bhI kahA jAtA hai / isase zAzvata pada prApta hotA hai| yaha mahApatha prayANa kA antima pUrvabindu hai| 8. parAdRSTi-isase yoga kA AThavAM aMga-samAdhi-sadhatA hai| isameM a-saMmatA pUrNa hotI hai / isameM Atmatatva kI sahaja anubhUti hotI hai / tadanurUpa hI sahaja pravRtti evaM AcaraNa hotA hai / isameM citta pravRtti sthira ho jAtI hai aura usameM koI vAsanA nahIM rhtii| isa dRSTi meM yogI niraticAra hotA hai / vaha ucca avasthA prApta yogI hotA hai aura AtmavikAsa kI carama avasthA prApta karatA hai / vaha sarvajJa, savadarzI evaM ayogI ho jAtA hai / ___ inhIM daSTiyoM ke tAratamya meM haribhadra ne yogiyoM ko cAra koTiyoM meM vargIkRta kiyA hai : gotra yogI, kulayogo, pravRttacakra yogI evaM niSpanna yogii| prathama zreNI ke yogo kabhI pUrNa AtmalAbha nahIM kara sakate aura caturtha zreNo ke yogI AtmalAbha kara cuke haiM / phalataH yoga vidyA kevala dvitIya evaM tRtIya zreNI ke lie hI mAnI jAtI hai| prazaMsanIya jisa prakAra maMtrI se rahita rAjya, zastra se rahita senA, jisa prakAra netra se rahita mukha, megha serahita varSA, udAratArahita dhanI, jisa prakAra ghI-bina bhojana, zIla bina strI, pratApa bina rAjA, jisa prakAra bhakti bina ziSya, dAMta bina hAthI, pratimA bina mandira. jisa prakAra vegarahita ghor3A, candrarahita rAtri, gandharahita puSpa, jisa prakAra jalarahita sarobara, chAyArahita vRkSa, guNarahita putra, jisa prakAra cAritrarahita muni prazaMsanIya nahIM hotA, usI prakAra, dharma bina manuSya bhI prazaMsanIya nahIM hotaa| dharma kAmadhenu hai, cintAmaNi hai, kalpavRkSa hai, avinAzI nidhi hai, dharmalakSmI kA vazIkaraNa mantra hai, zreSTha devatA hai, sukha saritA kA srota hai / -sarvopayogilekhasaMgraha

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Scientific Studies in Yoga Dr. M. L. GHAROTE Asstt. Director of Research and Principal, G. S. College of Yoga, Kaivalyadhama, LONAVLA (PUNE), 410 402. Introduction Yoga has a great antiquity and long tradition. It is a result of thousands of years of careful and systematic exploration by a long line of sages and yogis on the basis of their meticulous observations and personal experiences. Yoga is a science of life which helps man to attain his highest potential and highest state of consciousness. It uses various psychophysiological techniques involving Asanas, Pranayama, Bandhas, Mudras, Kriyas and Meditation-each of them having many sub-aivisions. Although there are many definitions of Yoga, the term Yoga is applied to the attainment of the highest aim, i.e. integration of personality by developing highest state of consciousness, as well as for the various methods and techniques used for the fulfilment of that aim. In course of time Yoga was shrouded in mystery and until the beginning of the 20th century there were many misconceptions about Yoga, some of which still prevail in many quarters of the society, both in India and abroad. Along with the misconceptions about Yoga in general there are also misconceptions about researches in Yoga. The orthodox view is that no researches in Yoga are necessary as it has been already perfected by the ancient yogis. Others believe that utilization of yogic techniques for the purpose lower than the Spiritual" is distortion of Yoga and therefore research in applied aspect of Yoga is undesirable. Misconceptions about research in Yoga prevail because of inadequate understanding of the nature and scope of research itself. Research may be understood as "a diligent and systematic inquiry to discover or revise facts, theories and applications". In the light of this definition of research, any attempt at knowing new facts and addition to the knowledge of Yoga should be encouraged. Today no field progresses without sound basis of research. In order to remove misunderstandings and get better insight in Yoga systematic thinking or research is necessary. Concept of Research in Yoga Although research is analytical, it should contribute to the understanding of the wholistic approach in Yoga. If the researches are not oriented in the light of the main purpose of Yoga, one is likely to be misled on the name of Yoga. The aim of Yoga leads to

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184 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ aug the attainment of dynamic balance called "Samatva. In order to remove the obstacles in the way of attaining this highest potential, Yogic seers in the past dealt with different aspects of man's functioning of the body and mind and explored through precise series of various practices. The purpose of Yogic research, thus, should be to understand the rationale of various yogic practices in the light of our modern knowledge of various sciences and find the utility of yogic techniques for the betterment of common man. Rational understanding of a particular process is one thing and practice another. Without practice no experience is possible. One would not be motivated to practice without rational understanding and conviction. Therefore theory and practice should go hand in hand. Research provides deeper understanding into the processes and practices of Yoga. The whole area of research in Yoga may be schematically shown as follows: Yogic Research Fundamental Applied Scientific Philoso hico Literary 1. Preventive, 2. Curative, in therapeutical, 3. Promotive, in terms of Health and efficiency. Psychological Transpsychological Physiological (i) Muscular (ii) Circulatory (iii) Respiratory (iv) Endocrinal and Nervous. Yogic research may be considered in two parts: (i) Fundamental, and (ii) Applied. Fundamental research concentrates mostly on obtaining a knowledge of what is happening and how is it happening and why it is happening. It is meant for the observation of facts about the various yogic practices like Asanas, Pranayama, Bandhas, Mudras, Kriyas and various forms of Meditation, investigated singly or collectively and to understand their working on various psycho-physical levels during their performance or as a result of the performance. Applied research, on the other hand, is based on the observed facts of fundamental research and attempt is made to investigate the suitability or otherwise of these principles and facts when applied to a given situation to derive desirable results. The main area of interest in applied research in yoga is health, fitness and efficiency which has three aspects, namely, Curative, Preventive and Promotive. We shall take a general review of some of the scientiilc studies in yoga conducted so far.

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3] Scientific Studies in Yoga qay Scientific Research in Yoga In 1920s Swami Kuvalayananda made first attempt to study scientifically some selected yogic practices like Uddiyana and Nauli with the help of manometers and X-rays in the laboratory. He showed that yogic practices could be interpreted on the scientific principles. Uddiyana Bandha and Nauli have been shown to produce sub-atmospheric pressure of considerable magnitude in the various cavities. The sub-atmospheric pressure first noted by Swami in a series of experiments were given the name "Madhavadas Vaccum" by him and have been confirmed later by other studies at Kaivalyadhama Laboratory. All great movements have humble beginning. The early investigations of Swami Kuvalayanada set a new era of scientific research in Yoga. However, we do not see many persons or agencies involved in Yogic research until 1950 except the Swami and his collea gues at Kaivalyadhama, Lonavla. A few exceptions are some stray attempts to investigate changes in the heart by Laubry and T. Brosse. If we take a survey of available material on yogic researcn, we find that the number of scientific research publications does not exceed 1,000. Out of these 50% of papers have been contributed by Indian research workers and remaining 50% by the foreign research workers. Out of these 25% research contributions come from the Kaivalyadhama research workers. The results of the physiological, biochemical, electro-physiological and psychological investigations done in Kaivalyadhama have been published in the book of "Abstracts and Bibliography of Articles on Yoga". After 1950s, occidental research workers began to show their interest in Yogic research. Mention must be made of the two research workers, Dr. M. A. Wenger and Dr. B. K. Bagchi, who made a trip to India in 1956 to investigate the possibilities of psychological and electrophysiological research in Yoga. They studied autonomic functions in practitioners of Yoga in India (1961). As a result of the visit of these professors, an interest in Yogic research was also generated among Indian scientists. Let us now consider the progress in fundamental research in Yoga. Vakil, H. V. Gundu Rao et al., Anand et. al., Karambelkar et al. and Ballantyne and Gibbons conducted experiments on pit burials. Although in general it was claimed that Yogis could voluntarily control their metabolic functions, it seems more probable what Karambelkar et al., have pointed out that rather than the control of the subjects on metabolic processes, the results are more related to the concentration of carbondioxide in the pit. Heart and Pulse control by Yogis was studied by Laubray and T. Brosse, by Wenger et al., by Bhole and Karambelkar, by Kothari et al, and by Green et al. Similarly feats of strength were studied on a Yogi by H. V. Gundu Rao and by Ballantyne and Gibsons. But these researches were under-taken out of general curiosity. These feats are not real Yoga or Yogic techniques. Physiological studies may be considered under the following heads: 24

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186 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ aos A. Muscular-Articular Responses. B. Circulatory Responses. C. Respiratory Responses. D. Endocrinal Responses. A. Muscular-Articular Responses Electromyographic studies have been conducted by Karam belkar et al., and by Gopal which showed the performance of Asanas involve less muscular work. Studies by Dhanaraj, R. Moses and by Gharote showed considerable changes in flexibility as a result of Yogic training programme. B. Circulatory Responses Ganguly and Gharote measured scores on Harvard Step Test on normal individuals before and after 8 months of Yoga training. There was found an increase of 7.6 in the test score which was statistically significant. Plethysmographic studies by Gopal and Wenger concerning finger blood flow in various practices of Hathayoga showed that the biood flow in the toe was less and blood flow in the finger was greater during the head-stand than during either the horizonal supine position or the erect standing position. S. Rao measured the forehead temperature and top of the foot temperature during head-stand and found that the forehead skin temperature increased and the skin temperature of the foot decreased during head-stand as compared to other body positions. C, Respiratory Responses A number of studies have found the basal respiratory rate to be lower in subjects who have practised a Yogic routine for some time. Measurements by Wenger, Datey et al., and Dhanaraj reported breath rate decreased during and after Shavasana, Increase in Breath holding time as a result of Yoga training has been reported by Bhole et al., Gopal et al., Udupa, and Moses. Increase in tidal volume has been observed by S. Rao in subjects practising Shirshasana. The head-stand tidal volume was also found greater than erect standing volume which resulted in minute ventilation. The normal movement of air whether in basal state after a regimen of Yoga practices or in non-basal states in particular yogasanas or pranayamas has been studied by Bhole et al., Udupa et al., Dhanaraj and Gopal et al. In general, the respiratory efficiency was improved as a result of Yogic training. The oxygen consumption during and after various Yogic practices was seen low. D. Endocrine Responses Dhanaraj reported Thyroxine increase after 6 weeks of Yogic training. Udupa et al., found increased catecholamines in urine and plasma, increase in blood histaminase, increase in plasma cortisol, and decrease in acetylcholine and cholinesterase. Karambelkar et al., observed decrease in Uropepsin secretion after the training in Asanas.

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Scientific Studies in Yoga 950 Autonomic balance studies by Wenger and Bagchi and by Gharote showed increase in the direction of parasympathetic function after yogic training. Increase in palmer conductance was found in the Yogic subjects which was indicative of ability to relax voluntarily. Psychological and Trans-psychological Research Meditation is a practice which is considered psychological and trans-psychological depending upon the depths of the meditating subjects. There are various forms of meditation. It is difficult to assess the character of meditation being practiced by the subject since it is a subjective process. But although meditation is considered mental, since mental events are considered by physiologists to be somehow related to events in the brain, EEG recording has been widely used as a technique to study brain activities. Therefore, many physiological studies of meditation have collected data on EEG activity in meditation. Anand et al., at the All India Institute of Medical Science studied the EEG of 4 yogis during the practice of Samadhi and reported persistent alpha with well marked increas@d amplitude. Results of EEG experiments at Kaivalyadhama on subjects practising meditation were summarised by Swami Kuvalayananda in the following words: "When Dhyana (meditation) is carried out successfully, it not only shows a reduction in the percentage of alpha-time and a decrease in the amplitude of alpha-waves...but the amplitude is lowered so much that it actually gives rise to an apparent 'flattening' of alpha. The alpha rhythm does not confine itself to occipital and parietal areas as usual, but is spread all over, and the flattening tendency too seems to be a general one''. Swami Rama at the Meninger Foundation, U.S.A. showed the EEG pattern consisting of low voltage activity and control over the production of various EEG patterns indicating autonomic control. Das found beta activity during the practice of meditation by his subjects. After the appearance of alpha waves of high frequency and low amplitude, higher amplitude components of 20 or 30 Hz. appeared in the EEG. As regards the EEG responses to various stimuli, Kasamatsu reported that the alpha was frequently blocked in the meditating Zen masters as a result of click stimuli. The alpha blocking time remained fairly constant during Zazen in the Zen masters. Das reported that in his subjects during deep meditation, the EEG pattern of beta waves was not changed by the appearance of various stimuli. Two of the 4 subjects of Anand et al., when tested for the reactivity to external stimuli during Samadhi, no changes were evoked in the EEG pattern. The subjects did not report that they became aware of these stimuli. Swami Kuvalayananda reported that even such painful stimuli as pin-pricks did not affect the general pattern of low voltage EEG activity during meditation. Wallace reported that in almost all subjects of transcendental meditation, alpha blocking caused by reported sound or light stimuli showed no habituation. Banquet reported that "rhythmic theta trains ... were blocked by click stimuli but reappeared simultaneously within a few seconds".

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188 paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha ( ang Responses to Meditation It is observed that during the beginning of meditation, eye movements become slow and in deep meditation there are no eye movements. The muscular activity is slight. Most data suggest that heart rate decreases during the period of meditation. Das reported that in general, there was very little variation in the cardiac rhythm during meditation. However, as an exception to this general trend, in one subject during Samadhi, Das reports that the heart rate increased by 5 to 10 beats per minute. T. Hirai found the acceleration in pulse rate during Zazen between 80 to 100 beats per minute. Very few studies have assayed blood composition during meditation. In one study by Wallace no significant change in pH during meditation was observed. However, he found significant decrease in blood lactate in meditation. Hiraj also reported decrease in the amount of lactic acid in the blood. Wallace had described meditation as a "wakeful hypometabolic physiologic state." The elicitation of the physiological changes is viewed as a hypothalamically integrated response, referred to by Benson as the "relaxation response." Benson suggests that meditation is only one among many methods by which the relaxation response may be evoked. Oxygen consumption significantly lowers in meditation. The studies of Dhanaraj, Wallace, Sugi and Gharote are in agreement to report the lowering of the metabolic rate during meditation. Meditation involves periods of prolonged sitting in one posture. Although one might expect the prolonged sitting to provide a metabolic rate higher than the basal rate, the metabolic rate during meditation is below the basal metabolic rate. The rapidity with which the decreases in oxygen consumption occur in meditation, surpasses normally seen oxygen consumption decrease in sleep which vary from 10% to 20% below basal levels. The average plasma cortisol values for the long term meditators were less than for the control group according to Jevning et al. The finding suggests a decreased level of adrenal cortical activity as a result of long term meditative practice. Udupa reported that the bolld levels of acetylcholine and cholinesterase were significantly greater in the group trained in meditation. Wenger and Wallace reported Galvanic skin resistance during the course of meditation to Increase markedly. Applied Research Most of Yogic researches seem to have been undertaken to study the application of yogic techniques and routines for the control of various problems related to health and disease. Although Swami Kuvalayananda started clinical work as an applied aspect of Yoga in 1920s, no clinical research in Yoga seems to have been undertaken until 1950s.

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Scientific Studies in Yoga 95$ Occidental world came in contact with Yoga first to find solution to their problems through it. An increasing number of people in the society is affected by physical discomforts which have a psychological background. After the general interest in Yoga from physical exercise point of view, now the interest of the modern society has turned to the importance of Yoga to the emotional well-being. After 1970s there is greater understanding of the body-mind relationship in the health and disease dealt through Yogic techniques. The diseases like gastric ulcers, hyperacidity, headaches, hypertension, asthma, diabetes etc are the forms of these psychosomatic diseases as they are called. Traditional medical remedies and this has been relatively successful. But unfortunately these medicines seem to have unwanted secondary effects. Furthermore, in most cases it is necessary for the patient to be on medication for the rest of his life. Therefore, lot of people are welcoming new therapeuticai approaches and research. Yoga has been investigated mainly for its effects on one of the most ordinary psychosomatic disorders, namely, hypertension. The results are promising. Benson and his co-workers have shown from number of controlled studies lowering effect of transcendental meditation on hypertension. In 1969 Datey et al. investigated the effects of Shavasana on the patients of hypertension and showed significant improvement. Chandra Patel conducted series of investigations dealing with meditation therapy on hypertensives. Her results are all amazing. In one of the most thorough investigations on meditation and hypertension, Stone and de Leo suggested that increases in dopaminebeta-hydroxylase is responsible for the enhanced blood pressure. They found the relaxation method decreased dopaminebeta-hydroxylase in the blood and a lowering of the blood pressure. The Asthma research projects conducted in Kaivalyadhama and elsewhere have shown very favourable results of the Yogic treatment on asthmatics. Effects of Yoga and meditation on alcohol and drug addiction patterns have been investigated by H. Benson and by Shafi and reported decreases in the use of alcohol. Brautigam, Shafi, Shapiro and Swinyard reach similar results in the field of other drugs like barbiturates, amphetamines, marijuana, LSD and heroin. Application of Yoga and meditation in psychotherapy dealing with neurosis and psychosis have been only very poorly tested. Decreased level of anxiety is a main trend of a nu nber of experiments by Udupa, and by Goleman. A major finding of Johnson is an increased ability to resolve conflicts. The report concluded significant difference with higher scores for self esteem, identity self-satisfaction, personal worth, behaviour and physical self. The emotional adjustment seemed to be more positive, less feeling of general maladjustment, less personality disorder and less neurosis. So far as preventive aspect of applied research is concerned practically no work has been done. Promotive aspect deals with maintenance or improvement of the health and fitness, This is a very potential field and though limited research has been done, the work of

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190 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [eg H. A. Devries, Gharote, Dhanaraj, Giri, R. Moses, Gharote and Ganguly, Therrien, Nayar et al., have shown enough evidence about how Yoga could be gainfully employed in the promotion of physical fitness. Different factors of physical fitness and qualities required in the betterment of performance in various sports activities seem to be effectively deve. loped by intelligent use of varieties of Yogic techniques. Books such as "Yoga and Athletics", "Yoga and Tennis'', "Inner game of Tennis" have been written which indicate the directions of applying Yoga in different fields of physical education and sports activities. Short-coming of the Present Research Although it is encouraging to note the interest in the scientific research in Yoga, some of the short-comings in the present researches may be noted as follows: (i) There is a lack of comprehensive understanding about the basic concepts of Yoga. Without this understanding no useful purpose would be served by research in Yoga. (ii) In the research reports, distinction between Yoga and meditation creates basic confusion about Yoga. Meditation is one of the techniques of Yoga. (iii) The programme of yogic practices investigated is found very inadequately described in the papers. Since, in many studies yogic techniques are used as stimuli, these should be precisely defined and explained. The mode of practising a particular technique is also important in the study of its effects. Each investigation should be repetitive. (iv) Many-a-time yogic techniques are combined with non-yogic techniques. The mixed up results of such studies do not really indicate the effects of yogic techniques clearly. (v) There are some reports of pilot investigations about which further results are not known. These studies need to be continued further. (vi) Very few therapeutical studies are available where follow-up has been maintained indicating the utility of yogic treatment. Greater emphasis on follow-up studies is necessary. Future directions of Yogic Research The potential areas of research in Yoga may be pointed out as below: (a) Fundamental research about the effects of various individual yogic practices. (b) Applied research in the utilisation of Yogic techniques for the treatment of various disorders. (c) Standardizing the techniques of Yogic practices. (d) Application of various Yogic routines of short or long duration for the promotion of specific abilities in games and sports. The role of manipulation of breathing in various psycho-physical activities needs to be explored.

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"] Scientific Studies in Yoga 191 (e) No less important is a preventive aspect of Yogic routine though no data seem to be available about the efficacy of Yogic practices as a profilatic measure. (f) Above all, studies on transformation of human personality through various channels employed in Yoga is the prime need of the day. Some Suggestions From the scientific researches in Yoga we should be in a position to formulate plausible inferences and explanatory conceptulizations. This requires larger amount of data on the similar problems dealt with from different angles, which is to be put together. In doing this whether the data pertains to single Yoga practice or more, we cannot lose the sight of the unified nature of Yogic practices. At present there is no exhaustive bibliography available of all the scientific work done so far or being done in various parts of the country. Therefore such researches remain isolated and uncoroborated. There is a need of a co-ordinating body, who could take regular and systamatic review of researches, take surveys, analysis of existing literature, prepare glossaries, pose problems for solutions, undertake new experimental work using the index of modern medicine and psycho-physiology, establishing standards in Yogic research by removing the lacunae and help creating facilities for genuine research. Thus, much needs to be done by way of research on sound lines in the field of Yogic research. The field is full of potentialities for research and we hope to see this field of research developed in future. hindI sArAMza yoga kA vaijJAnika adhyayana DA0 ema0 ela0 ghAroTe, kevalyadhAma, lonAvAlA, puNe (mahArASTra) yoga ko mAtra adhyAtmavidyA mAnane ke kAraNa isake viSaya meM vaijJAnika anusaMdhAna prAraMbha meM vivAdAs pada rahA. para 1920 se svAmI kuvalayAnaMda ne isakA prAraMbha kiyaa| yaha yoga kI mUlabhUta dhAraNAoM evaM pravidhiyoM para zarIra kriyA vijJAna, manovijJAna tathA parAmanovijJAna kI dRSTi se tathA usake svAsthya preraka evaM nirodhaka guNoM para Adhunika upakaraNa takanIkoM kA upayoga kara bhArata tathA anya dezoM meM aneka prayogazAlAoM meM kiyA jA rahA hai| isake aneka utsAhakAro pariNAma mile haiN| inakA vivaraNa eka pUrvalekha meM diyA gayA hai| yoga ke anusaMdhAnoM meM abhI paryApta kamiyA~ haiM, dizA vividhatA hai, saMdarbha-sUcI kA abhAva hai| lekhaka ne inheM dUra karane kI AvazyakatA sujhAI hai /

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NamokAra maMtra aura manovijJAna (sva0 ) DA0 nemIcaMdra zAstrI ArA NamokAra-maMtra kA artha vaidika dharmAnuyAyiyoM meM jo khyAti aura pracAra gAyatrI mantra kA hai, bauddhoM meM trizaraNa mantra kA hai, janoM meM vahI khyAti aura pracAra NamokAra mantra kA hai| samasta dhArmika aura sAmAjika kRtyoM ke Arambha meM isa mahAmantra kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai / jaina-sampradAya kA yaha dainika jApa mantra hai| isa mantra kA pracAra tInoM sampradAyoM-digambara, zvetAmbara aura sthAnakavAsiyoM meM samAna rUpa se pAyA jAtA hai| tInoM sampradAya ke prAcInatama sAhitya meM bhI isakA ullekha milatA hai / isa mantra meM pAMca pada, aTThAvana mAtrA aura paitIsa akSara haiM / mantra nimna prakAra haiM : Namo arihaMtArNa, Namo siddhANaM, Namau AiriyANaM / Namo uvajjhAyANaM, Namo loe saphva-sAhUNaM // svara aura vyaMjanoM kA vizleSaNa karane para pratIta hotA hai ki "Namo arihaMtANaM, 6 vyaMjana; Namo siddhANaM, 5 vyaMjana; Namo AiriyANaM, 5 vyaMjana; Namo uvajjhAyANaM, 6 vyaMjana; Namo loe savvAsAhUNaM, 8 vyaMjana, isa prakAra isa mantra meM kula 6+5+5+6+ 8330 vyaMjana haiN| isa mantra meM sabhI varNa ajanta haiM, yahA~ halanta eka bhI varNa nahIM haiM, ataH 35 akSaroM meM 35 svara mAnane caahie| para vAstavikatA yaha hai ki 35 akSaroM ke hone para bhI vahA~ svara 34 haiN| isa prakAra kula mantra meM 35 akSara hone para bhI 34 hI svara rahate haiN| kula svara aura vyaMjanoM kI saMkhyA 34+30 % 64 haiN| mUla vargoM kI saMkhyA bhI 64 hI hai| prAkRta bhASA ke niyamAnusAra a, i, u, aura e mUla svara tathA ja jha Na ta da dha ya ra la va sa aura ha-ye mUla vyaMjana isa mantra meM nihita haiN| ataeva 64 anAdi mUla vargoM ko lekara samasta zratajJAna ke akSaroM kA pramANa nikAlA jA sakatA hai| NamokAra mantra ke jApa karane kI vidhi NamokAra mantra kA jApa karane ke lie sarvaprathama ATha prakAra kI zuddhiyoM kA honA Avazyaka hai| 1. dravya zuddhipaMcendriya tathA mana ko vaza kara kaSAya aura parigraha kA zakti ke anusAra tyAga kara komala aura dayAlucitta ho jApa karanA / yahA~ dravya zuddhi kA abhiprAya pAtra kI antaraMga zuddhi se haiM / jApa karane vAle ko yathAzakti apane vikAroM ko haTAkara hI jApa karanA cAhie / antaraMga se kAma, krodha, lobha, moha, mAna, mAyA, Adi vikAroM ko haTAnA Avazyaka hai / 2. kSetrazuddhi-nirAkula sthAna, jahA~ hallA-gullA na ho tathA DAMsa-macchara Adi bAdhaka jantu na hoM / citta meM kSobha utpanna karane vAle upadrava evaM zIta-uSNa kI bAdhA na ho, aisA ekAnta nirjana sthAna jApa karane ke lie uttama haiN| ghara ke kisI ekAnta pradeza meM jahAM anya kisI prakAra kI bAdhA na ho aura pUrNa zAnti raha sake, usa sthAna para bhI jApa kiyA jA sakatA hai| 3. samaya zuddhi-prAtaH, madhyAhna aura sandhyA samaya kama se kama 45 minaTa

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NamokAra mantra aura manovijJAna 193 taka lagAtAra isa mahAmantra kA jApa karanA caahie| jApa karate samaya nizcinta rahanA evaM nirAkula honA parama Avazyaka hai| 4. Asanazuddhi-kASTha, zilA, bhUmi, caTAI yA zItalapaTTI para pUrvadizA yA uttara dizA kI ora muMha karake padmAsana, khaDgAsana yA ardhapadmAsana hokara kSetra tathA kAla kA pramANa karake maunapUrvaka isa mantra kA jApa karanA cAhie / 5. vinayazuddhi-jisa Asana para baiThakara jApa karanA ho, usa Asana ko sAvadhAnIpUrvaka IyApatha zuddhi ke sAtha sApha karanA cAhie, tathA jApa karane ke lie namratApUrvaka bhItara kA anurAga bhI rahanA Avazyaka hai| jaba taka jApa karane ke lie bhItara kA utsAha nahIM hogA, taba taka sacce mana se jApa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 6. manaHzuddhivicAroM kI gandagI kA tyAga kara mana ko ekAgra karanA, caMcala mana idhara-udhara na bhaTakane pAye isakI ceSTA karanA, mana ko pUrNatayA pavitra banAne kA prayAsa karanA hI isa zuddhi meM abhipreta hai / 7. vacana zuddhi-dhIre dhIre sAmyabhAva pUrvaka isa mantra kA zuddha jApa karanA arthAt uccAraNa karane meM azuddhi na hone pAye tathA uccAraNa mana-mana meM hI honA cAhie / 8. kAyazuddhi-zaucAdi zaMkAoM se nivRtta hokara yatnAcAra pUrvaka zarIra zuddha karake halana-calana kiyA se rahita ho jApa karanA cAhie / jApa ke samaya zArIrika zuddhi kA dhyAna rakhanA cAhie / isa mahAmantra kA jApa yadi khar3e hokara karanA ho, to tIna-tIna zvAsocchAvAsa meM eka bAra par3hanA cAhie / eka sau ATha bAra ke jApa meM kula 324 zvAsocchvAsa' sA~sa lenA caahie| isake jApa karane kI kamala jApa, hastAMgulI jApa aura mAlA jApa-tIna vidhiyAM haiN| manovijJAna aura NamokAra mantra manovaijJAnika dRSTi se yaha vicAraNIya prazna hai ki NamokAra mantra kA mana para kyA prabhAva par3atA hai ? Atmika zakti kA vikAsa kisa prakAra hotA hai, jisase isa mantra ko samasta kAryoM meM siddhi dene vAlA kahA gayA hai| manovijJAna mAnatA hai ki mAnava kI dRzya kriyAe~ unake cetana mana meM aura adRzya kriyAe~ acetana mana meM hotI haiN| mana kI ina donoM kriyAoM ko manovRtti kahA jAtA hai| sAdhAraNataH manovRtti zabda cetana mana kI kriyA ke bodha ke liye prayakta hotA hai| pratyeka manovRtti ke tIna pahalU haiM-jJAnAtmaka, vedanAtmaka aura kriyAtmaka / ye tInoM pahalU eka nahIM kiye jA sakate haiN| manuSya ko jo kucha jJAta hotA hai, usake sAtha-sAtha vedanA aura kriyAtmaka bhAva ko bhI anubhUti hotI hai| jJAnAtmaka manovRtti ke saMvedana, pratyakSIkaraNa, smaraNa, kalpanA aura vicAra-ye pAMca bheda haiN| saMvedanAtmaka ke saMvega, umaMga, sthAyIbhAva aura bhAvanAgranthi-ye cAra bheda evaM kriyAtmaka manovRtti ke sahaja kriyA, mUlavRtti, Adata, icchita kriyA aura caritra-ye pAMca bheda kiye gaye haiN| NamokAra mantra ke smaraNa se jJAnAtmaka manovRtti uttejita hotI hai, jisase usake abhinnarUpa meM sambaddha rahane vAlI umaMga vedanAtmaka anubhUti aura caritra nAmaka kriyAtmaka anubhUti ko uttejanA milatI hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki mAnava mastiSka meM jJAnavAhI aura kriyAvAhI-do prakAra kI nAr3iyAM hotI hai| ina donoM nAr3iyoM kA Apasa meM sambandha hotA hai, parantu ina donoM ke kendra pRthak haiM / jJAnavAhI nAr3iyA~ aura mastiSka ke jJAna kendra mAnava ke jJAna vikAsa meM evaM kriyAvAhI nAr3iyA~ aura mAnava mastiSka ke kriyAkendra usake caritra ke vikAsa kI vRddhi ke liye kArya karate haiN| kriyAkendra aura jJAnakendra kA ghaniSTha sambandha hone ke kAraNa NamokAra mantra kI ArAdhanA, smaraNa aura cintana se jJAnakendra aura kriyAkendroM kA samanvaya hone se mAnava mana sudRr3ha hotA hai aura Atmika vikAsa kI preraNA milatI hai| manuSya kA caritra usake sthAyI bhAvoM kA samuccaya mAtra hai| jisa manuSya ke sthAyI bhAva jisa prakAra ke hote haiM, usakA caritra bhI usI prakAra kA hotA hai| manuSya kA parimAjita aura Adarza sthAyI bhAva hI hRdaya kI anya pravRttiyoM kA niyantraNa karatA hai| jisa manuSya ke sthAyIbhAva suniyantrita nahIM atharA jisake mana uccAdarzoM ke prati zraddhAspada sthAyIbhAva nahIM hai, usakA vyaktitva sugaThita tathA caritra sundara nahIM ho sakatA hai| dRr3ha aura sundara caritra 25

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194 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda granya [khaNDa banAne ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki manuSya ke mana meM uccAdoM ke prati zraddhAspada sthAyIbhAva hoM tathA usake anya sthAyI bhAva usI sthAyIbhAva ke dvArA niyaMtrita hoN| sthAyImAva hI mAnava ke aneka prakAra ke vicAroM ke janaka hote haiN| inhIM ke dvArA mAnava kI samasta kriyAoM kA saMcAlana hotA hai| ucca Adarzajanya sthAyImAva aura viveka-ina donoM meM ghaniSTa sambandha hai| kabhI-kabhI viveka ko chor3akara sthAyI bhAvoM ke anusAra hI jIvanakriyAe~ sampanna kI jAtI hai, jaise viveka ke manA karane para bhI zraddhAvaza dhArmika prAcIna kRtyoM meM pravRtti kA honA tathA kisI se jhagar3A ho jAne para usakI jhUThI nindA sunane kI pravRtti honA / ina kRtyoM meM viveka sAtha nahIM hai, kevala sthAyIbhAva hI kArya kara rahA hai| viveka mAnava ko kriyAoM ko roka yA mor3a sakatA hai, usase svayaM kriyAoM ke saMcAlana kI zakti na AcaraNa ko parimArjita aura vikasita karane ke lie kevala viveka prApta karanA hI Avazyaka nahIM hai, balki Avazyaka hai usake sthAyI bhAva ko yogya aura dRr3ha bnaanaa| vyakti ke mana meM jaba taka kisI sundara Adarza ke prati yA kisI mahAna vyakti ke prati zraddhA aura prema ke sthAyo bhAva nahIM, taba taka durAcAra se haTakara sadAcAra meM unakI pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI hai| jJAna kI mAtra jAnakArI se durAcAra nahIM rokA jA sakatA hai, isake lie ucca Adarza ke prati zraddhA bhAvanA kA honA anivArya hai / NamokAra mantra aisA pavitra ucca Adarza hai, jisase sudRr3ha sthAyI bhAva kI utpatti hotI hai| ataH NamokAramantra kA manapara jaba bAra-bAra prabhAva par3egA arthAt adhika samaya taka isa mahAmantra kI bhAvanA jaba mana meM banI rahegI, taba sthAyI bhAvoM meM pariSkAra ho hI jAyegA aura ye hI niyantrita sthAyI bhAva mAnava ke caritra ke vikAsa meM sahAyaka hoMge / isa mahAmantra ke manana, smaraNa, cintana aura dhyAna meM ajita bhAvoM se sthAyI rUpa se sthita kucha saMskAroM jinameM adhikAMza viSaya-kaSAya sambandhI hI hote haiM meM parivartana hotA hai| maMgalamaya AtmAgoM ke smaraNa se mana pavitra hotA hai aura purAtana pravRttiyoM meM zodhana hotA hai, jisase sadAcAra vyakti ke jIvana meM AtA hai| ucca Adarza se utpanna sthAyI bhAva ke abhAva meM hI vyakti durAcAra ko ora pravRtta hotA hai| ataeva manovijJAna spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki mAnasika udvega, vAsanA evaM mAnasika vikAra ucca Adarza ke prati zraddhA ke abhAva meM dUra nahIM kiye jA sakate haiN| vikAroM ko adhIna karane kI pratikriyA kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki pariNAma-niyama, abhyAsa niyama aura tatparatA-niyama ke dvArA uccAdarza ko prApta kara viveka aura AcaraNa ko dRr3ha karane se hI mAnasika vikAra aura sahaja pAzavika pravRttiyA~ dUra kI jA sakatI haiN| NamokAra mantra ke pariNAma-niyama kA artha yaha hai ki isa mantra kI ArAdhanA kara vyakti jIvana meM santoSa kI bhAvanA ko jAgrata kare tathA samasta sukhoM kA kendra isI ko smjhe| abhyAsa-niyama kA tAtparya hai ki isa mantra kA manana, cintana, aura smaraNa nirantara karatA jaaye| yaha siddhAnta hai ki jisa yogyatA ko apane bhItara prakaTa karanA hA, usa yogyatA kA bAra-bAra cintana, smaraNa kiyA jAye / pratyeka vyakti kA carama lakSya jJAna, darzana, sukha aura voryarUpa zuddha Atmazakti ko prApta karanA hai. yaha zuddha amUrtika ratnatraya svarUpa saccidAnanda AtmA hI prApta karane yogya hai, ataeva ratnatrayasvarUpa paMcaparameSThI vAcaka NamokAra mahAmantra kA abhyAsa karanA parama Avazyaka hai| isa mantra ke abhyAsa dvArA zuddha AtmasvarUpa meM tatparatA ke sAtha pravRtti karanA jIvana meM tatparatA niyama meM utaranA hai| manuSya meM anukaraNa ko pradhAna pravRtti pAyI jAtI hai, isI pravRtti ke kAraNa paMcaparameSThI kA Adarza sAmane rakhakara unake anukaraNa se vyakti apanA vikAsa kara sakatA hai| manovijJAna mAnatA hai ki manuSya meM bhojana DhUMDhanA, mAganA, lar3anA, utsukatA, racanA, saMgraha, vikarSaNa, zaraNAgata honA, kAma pravRtti, zizurakSA, dUsaroM kI cAha, Atma-prakAzana, vinItatA aura haMsanA-ye caudaha mUla pravRttiyA~ pAyo jAtI haiN| inakA astitva saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| para manuSya kI mUla pravRttiyoM meM yaha vizeSatA hai ki manuSya inameM samucita parivartana kara letA hai| kevala mUla pravRttiyoM dvArA saMcAlita jIvana asamya aura pAzavika

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3] NamokAra mantra aura manovijJAna 165 khlaayegaa| ataH mUla pravRttiyoM meM damana, vilayana, mArgAntarIkaraNa aura zodhana-ye cAra parivartana hote rahate haiN| pratyeka mUla pravRtti kA bala usake barAbara prakAzita hone se bar3hatA hai| yadi kiso mUla pravRtti ke prakAzana para koI niyantraNa nahIM rakhA jAtA hai, to vaha manuSya ke liye lAbhakArI na banakara hAniprada ho jAtI hai| ataH damana kI kriyA honI caahie| udAharaNArtha, yoM kahA jAtA hai ki saMgraha kI pravRtti yadi saMyamita rUpa meM rahe, to usase manuSya ke jIvana kI rakSA hotI hai| kintu jaba yaha adhika bar3hajAtI hai, to kRpaNatA aura corI kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai| isI prakAra dvandvatA yA yuddha kI pravRtti prANa-rakSA ke lie upayogI hai, kintu jaba yaha adhika bar3ha jAtI hai to yaha manuSya kI rakSA na kara usake vinAza kA kAraNa bana jAtI hai| isI prakAra anya ma ke sambandha meM bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| ataeva jIvana ko upayogI banAne ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki manuSya samaya-samaya para apanI pravRttiyoM kA damana kare aura inheM apane niyantraNa meM rakhe / vyaktitva ke vikAsa ke lie mUlapravRttiyoM kA damana utanA hI Avazyaka hai, jitanA unakA prakAzana / mUla pravRttiyoM kA damana vicAra yA viveka dvArA hotA hai| kisI bAhya sattA-dvArA kiyA gayA damana mAnava jIvana ke lie hAnikAraka hotA hai| ataH bacapana se hI NamokAra mantra ke Adarza dvArA mAnava ko mUla pravRttiyoM kA damana sarala aura svAbhAvika hai / isa mantra kA Adarza hRdaya meM zraddhA aura dRr3ha vizvAsa ko utpanna karatA hai, jisase mUla pravRttiyoM kA damana karane meM bar3I sahAyatA milatI hai| NamokAra mantra ke uccAraNa, smaraNa, cintana, manana aura dhyAna dvArA mana para isa prakAra ke saMskAra par3ate haiM, jisase jIvana meM zraddhA aura viveka kA utpanna honA svAbhAvika hai| yataH manuSya kA jIvana zraddhA aura sadvicAroM para hI avalambita hai, vaha zraddhA aura viveka ko choDakara manuSya kI taraha jIvita nahIM raha sakatA hai, ataH jIvana kI mUla pravRttioM kA damana yA niyaMtraNa karane ke lie mahAmaMgala vAkya NamokAra mantra kA smaraNa parama Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra ke dhArmika vAkyoM ke cintana se mUla pravRttiyA~ niyantrita ho jAtI haiM tathA janmajAta svabhAva meM parivartana ho jAtA hai| niyantraNa ko yaha pravRtti dhIre dhIre AtI hai| jJAnArNava meM AcArya zumacandra ne batalAyA hai ki mahAmaMgala vAkyoM kI vidyuta zakti AtmA meM isa prakAra jhaTakA detI hai, jisase AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigrahajanya saMjJAeM sahaja meM pariSkRta ho jAtI hai| jIvana ke dharAtala ko unnata banAne ke lie isa prakAra maMgala vAkyoM ko jIvana meM utAranA parama Avazyaka hai| ataeva jIvana kI mUla pravRttiyoM ke pariSkAra ke lie damana kriyA ko prayoga meM lAnA Avazyaka hai| mUla pravRttiyoM ke parivartana kA dUsarA upAya vilayana hai| yaha do prakAra se ho sakatA hai-nirodha dvArA aura virodha dvArA / nirodha kA tAtparya hai ki pravRttiyoM ko uttejita hone kA hI avasara na denaa| isase mUla pravRttiyAM kucha samaya meM naSTa ho jAtI hai| viliyama jemsa kA kathana hai ki yadi kisI pravRtti ko adhika kAla taka prakAzita hone kA avasara na mile to vaha naSTa ho jAtI hai| ataH dhArmika AsthA dvArA vyakti apanI vikAra pravRttiyoM ko avaruddha kara unheM naSTa kara sakatA hai| dUsarA upAya virodha dvArA pravRttiyoM ke vilayana ke lie kahA gayA hai, usakA artha hai ki jisa samaya eka pravRtti kArya kara rahI ho, usI samaya usake viparIta dUsarI pravRtti ko uttejita hone denaa| aisA karane se do pArasparika virodhI pravRttiyoM ke eka sAtha ubhar3ane se donoM kA bala dhaTa jAtA hai| isa taraha donoM ke prakAzana ko rIti meM antara ho jAtA hai athavA donoM zAnta ho jAtI haiM / jaise dvandva pravRtti ke ubhar3ane para yadi sahAnubhUti kI pravRtti ubhAr3a dI jAye to ukta pravRtti kA vilayana saralatA se ho jAtA hai| NamokAra mantra kA smaraNa isa dizA meM bhI sahAyaka siddha hotA hai| isa zubha pravRtti ke utpanna hone se anya pravRttiyA~ sahaja meM vilIna kI jA sakatI hai| mUla pravRtti ke parivartana kA tiisr| upAya mArgAntarIkaraNa hai| yaha upAya damana aura vilayana ke upAya se zreSTha haiN| mUla pravRtti ke damana se mAnasika zakti saMcita hotI hai, jaba taka isa saMcitazakti kA upayoga nahIM kiyA .

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196 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa jAye, taba taka yaha hAnikAraka bhI siddha ho sakatI hai / NamokAra mantra kA smaraNa isa prakAra kA amogha astra hai, jisake dvArA bacapana se ho vyakti apano mUla pravRttiyoM kA mArgAntarIkaraNa kara sakatA hai| cintana karane kI pravRtti manuSya meM pAyI jAtI hai| yadi manuSya isa vinvana ko pravRtti meM vikArI bhAvanAoM ko sthAna nahIM de aura isa prakAra ke maMgala vAkyoM kA hI cintana kare, to cintana pravRti kA yaha sundara mArgAntarIkaraNa hai| yaha satya hai ki manuSya kA mastiSka nirayaMka nahIM raha sakatA hai, usameM kisI na kisI prakAra ke vicAra avazya aayeNge| ataH caritra bhraSTa karane vAle vicAroM ke sthAna para caritra vardhaka vicAroM ko sthAna diyA jAye, to mastiSka kI kriyA bhI calatI rahegI tathA zubha prabhAva bhI par3atA jAyegA / jJAnArNava meM zubhacandrAcArya ne batalAyA hai ki samasta kalpanAoM ko dUra karake apane caitanya aura Anandamaya svarUpa meM lIna honA, nizcaya ratnatraya ko prApti kA sthAna hai / jo isa vicAra meM lIna rahatA hai ki maiM nitya Anandamaya hU~, zuddha hU~, caitanya svarUpa hU~, sanAtana hU~, paramajyoti jJAna prakAza rUpa hU~, advitIya hU~, utpAda-vyaya-zrIvya sahita hU~, vaha vyakti vyartha ke vicAroM se apanI rakSA karatA hai, pavitra vicAra yA dhyAna meM apane ko lIna rakhatA hai / mUla pravRttiyoM ke parivartana kA cauthA upAya zAdhana hai jo pravRtti apane aparivartita rUpa meM nindanIya karmoM meM prakAzita hotI hai, vaha zoSita rUpa meM prakAzita hone para zlAghanIya ho jAtI hai| vAstava meM mUlavRtti kA zodhana usakA eka prakAra se mArgAntarokaraNa hai| kisI mantra yA maMgalavAkya kA cintana AttaM aura raudra dhyAna se haTAkara dharmadhyAna meM sthita karatA hai / ataH dharmadhyAna ke pradhAna kAraNa NamokAra mantra ke smaraNa aura cintana kI parama AvazyakatA hai| uparyukta manovaijJAnika vivecana kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki NamokAra mantra ke dvArA koI bhI vyakti apane mana ko prabhAvita kara sakatA hai| yaha mantra manuSya ke cetana, avacetana aura acetana tonoM prakAra ke manoM ko prabhAvita kara acetana aura avacetana mana para sundara sthAyo bhAva kA aisA saMskAra DAlatA hai, jisase mUla pravRttiyoM kA pariSkAra ho AtA hai / acetana mana meM vAsanAoM ko arjita hone kA avasara nahIM mila paataa| isa mantra kI ArAdhanA meM aisI vidyuta zakti hai jisase isake smaraNa se vyakti kA arntadvandva zAnta ho jAtA hai, naitika bhAvanAoM kA udaya hotA hai, jisase anaitika vAsanAoM kA damana hokara naitika saMskAra utpanna hote haiN| Abhyantara meM utpanna vidyuta bAhara aura bhItara meM itanA prakAza utpanna karatI hai jisase vAsanAtmaka saMskAra bhasma ho jAte haiM aura jJAna kA prakAza vyApta ho jAtA hai / isa mantra ke nirantara uccAraNa, smaraNa aura cintana se AtmA ko eka prakAra kI zakti utpanna hotI hai, jise Aja kI bhASA meM vidyuta kaha sakate haiN| isa zakti dvArA AtmA kA zodhana kArya to kiyA hI jAtA hai, sAtha hI isase anya Azcaryajanaka kArya bhI sampanna kiye jA sakate haiN| * * DA0 nemacaMdra zAstrI kRta 'NamokAra mantra: eka anucintana' se saMkSepita |

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jaina zAstroM meM mantravAda prakAzacaMdra siMghaI, eDavokeTa damoha ( ma0pra0 ) nAma 'pravAdAnta' haiM, isase bhrAnta dhAraNAyeM antargata mantravidyA ke nAma Ate nAma Aye haiM / zramaNoM ke AcAra briMga ke anusAra, mahAvora kAla meM jaina zruta ko do paramparAyeM samAnAntara calIM - aMga paramparA mahAvIrakAlIna thI, pUrva paramparA mahAvIra-pUrva yA pArzvakAlIna thI / aneka aMgoM ke viSaya pUrvo ke samarthaka haiM yA samAna haiM, ataH unheM tattat pUrvI se nirgata mAnA jAtA hai| vastutaH caudaha meM cAra pUrvo ko chor3akara anyoM ke ataH aisA lagatA hai ki inameM tatkAlIna vicAradhArAoM yA mata-matAntaroM kA vivaraNa hogaa| ho sakatI haiM, ataH inakI viSayavastu ko mahatvahIna mAnakara inheM bilupta ho mAna liyA gyaa| phira mo, ina pUrvI ko dvAdazAMgoM ke bArahaveM aMga ke ghaTaka ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA / yadyapi yaho aMga sarvaprathama smRti-vilupta mAnA jAtA hai, phira bhI zAstroM meM isakI viSaya-vastu ke vivaraNa pAye jAte haiN| isa aMga kA nAma dRSTivAda hai aura isake pAMca upabheda haiN| inameM cUlikA evaM pUrvagata ke antargata vidyAnupravAda ( 500 mahAvidyAyeM, 700 laghuvidyAyeM evaM ATha mahAnimitta ) tathA prANAvAya ( vaidyavidyA mUta-preta viSa vidyA evaM maMtra-taMtra-vidyA ) ke haiN| samavAyAMga meM varNita bahattara kalAoM meM mantra vijJAna aura kAkiNI lakSaNa ke ke sambandha meM uttarAdhyayana evaM mUlArAdhanA meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki vaha ina donoM kalAoM kA upayoga AhAra yA AjIvikA ke pralobhana vaza na kare / AcArya puSpadanta bhUtabali, samantabhadra, mAnatuMga Adi AcAryoM ne mantra evaM stotra vidyA ke AdhAra para hI jaina zruta ko saMrakSita evaM jaina saMskRti ko abhivarSita kiyaa| prathamAnuyoga ke aneka kathAnaka mantrazakti kI kalyANa bhAvanA ko prakaTa karate haiM / saMkSepa meM, bhantra vidyA eka prAcIna zAstra hai aura yaha mahAvIra - yuga meM bhI lokapriya rahA hogA / zAstro ke anusAra Agamika sAhitya meM isakA vivaraNa utpatti, nikSepa Adi gyAraha dRSTikoNoM se kiyA gayA hai / mantroM kI prarUpaNA nirdeza, svAmitva Adi nava dvAroM se kI gaI hai| isakA adhyayana, sAdhana aura upayoga lokakalyANa evaM AtmakalyANa ke liye vihita mAnA gayA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kI aneka dhArAoM meM isakA vikAsa evaM prayoga hua: / jaina ghArA bhI isase achUtI na rahI / prArambha meM yaha rahasyavAda ke rUpa meM rahI, phira zakti-srota ke rUpa meM ubhara kara janakalyANa ke pratyeka kSetra ko samAhita kara gaI / kAlAntara meM isa vidyA ke kiMcit durupayoga ke lakSaNa pratIta hue / phalataH isakA vilopana bhI hone lgaa| sAtavIM sadI ke bAda zaktivAda kI upAsanA va strota ke rUpa meM isakA punaruddhAra huaa| isa yuga meM yaha vidyA, punaH vaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI pratiSThita hotI pratIta hotI hai / bIsavIM sadI meM isa vidyA kI zAstrIya evaM vaijJAnika sthiti kA parijJAna sarvasAdhAraNa ke liye upayogI hogA / stotra aura mantra bhAratIya saMskRti meM apane mArgadarzakoM, hitakAriyoM evaM mahApuruSoM ke guNagAna karane kI paramparA rahI hai / vaidika ricAoM meM kitane hI upakArI prAkRtika tatvoM ko devatva pradAna kiyA gayA hai| yaha paramparA jaina dhArA meM bhI pAI nAtI hai / isa guNagAnapaddhati ko hI stavana, stuti, stotra paramparA kaha sakate haiN| upakArakoM ke prati isameM apane

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198 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa samarpaNabhAva, zraddhAbhAva va bhaktibhAva kA vividha rUpoM meM prakaTana hotA hai / sAMsArika azAMnti kI dazA meM yaha samarpaNamAva mArgadarzI bana jAtA hai / isa sahaja pratyakSa guNa ne hI stotra - vidhi ke vikAsa meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna kiyA / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki mantroM ke vikAsa ke pUrva stotroM ne apanA sthAna banA liyA thA / bhaktivAda ke vividharUpa stotra - vidhi ke hI lokapriya rUpa haiM / isIliye mantroM ke uddharaNa se pUrva hI stotroM kI paramparA prApta hone lagatI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki sarvaprathama stotra, 'uvasaggahara stotra' aura usake praNetA AcArya bhadrabAhu prathama ( 456 I0 pU0 ) mAne jAte haiM / isake bAda kucha sadiyoM taka stotroM kA vivaraNa nahIM miltaa| hA~, dUsarI-tIsarI sadI ke samantabhadra ( svayaMbhU stotra ), siddhasena ( kalyANamandira, chaThI sadI ), pUjyapAda ( dazabhakti, pAMcavIM sadI pAtrakesarI ( pAtrakesarI stotra, pAMcavIM sadI uttarArdhaM ), mAnatuMga ( bhaktAmara stotra, sAtavIM sadI), vidyAnanda ( zrIpura pAzvanAtha stotra, 8-9 sadI), jinasena ( jinasahastranAma stotra, 8-9 sadI ) dhanaMjaya ( viSApahAra stotra, 9 sadI indranaMdi ( jvAlA mAlinI stotra, dazamazatI, vAdirAja ( ekIbhAva stotra, 11 sadI ) evaM anya AcAryoM dvArA aneka bahupracalita stotroM kI paramparA milatI hai| adhikAMza stotroM kI racanA kA kAraNa viziSTa prakAra kI azubha dazAoM ke parivartana, bhAvanA tathA AtmakalyANa se sambandhita hai / isa prakAra stotra paramparA pichale caubIsa sau varSoM se nirantara prabAha - mAna hai| samaya-samaya para naye stotra racita hue haiM aura prAcIna stotroM kA bhASAntaraNa huA hai / sabhI stotroM kA viSaya iSTadeva ke guNagAna ke sAtha paramazreya evaM vItarAgatA ke prati rujhAna kI abhivyakti hai / aneka AcAryoM kI stotra - abhivyakti se laukika prabhAvanA kArya bhI siddha hue haiM / vastutaH zArIrika, mAnasika evaM vAcika pariveza ke parivardhana meM pUjA, stotra, maMtra, dhyAna aura havana kA nAmollekha kiyA jAtA hai / ina sabhI kA uddezya samagra jIvana ko zubhatA kI ora le jAnA hai| pUjA meM pujya ke guNoM ko prApta karane kI kAmanA rahatI hai, stotra meM pUjya ke prati samarpaNa kI bhAvanA, mantra aura dhyAna meM antarmukhI zakti kA jAgaraNa evaM havana meM ukta pravRttiyoM ke lAbhoM ko sva-para-kalyANa hetu prayukta karane kI kAmanA vyakta hotI hai / vyakti apanI apanI kSamatA ke anusAra ina paddhatiyoM meM se eka yA aneka ko apanAkara apanA ihalaukika jovana to prazasta karatA hI hai, pAralaukika jIvana kI prazastatA kA patha bhI anAvRtta karatA hai / ye sabhI paddhatiyA~ jIvana kI aneka bidhatA, asta-vyastatA evaM alpazaktitA ko ekarUpatA, niyamitatA, aparimita kSamatA evaM sAmarthya ke rUpa meM pariNata karatI haiM / phira bhI, vibhinna vidhiyoM kI kSamatAoM meM kucha-na-kucha antara aura vizeSatA pAI jAtI hai / yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki uttaravartI vidhi pUrva vidhi se prerita hotI hai aura ye kramazaH saralatA se jaTilatA kI ora, sahajatA se sAmarthya kI ora bar3hatI haiN| eka ora pUjA aura stotra sAmAnya jana ke liye upayogI haiM, to mantra aura dhyAna viziSTa stara aura kriyA meM samartha janoM ke liye upayogI haiM / pUjA aura stotra kA samarpaNa mAtra mantra aura dhyAna meM sAdhanA evaM zakti jAgaraNa ke ajasra srota ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai / saMbhavata: zabda zakti kI sUkSmatA ke upayoga ke parijJAna ke sAtha stotroM kI tulanA meM mantrazakti, kaSTa sAdhya hone ke bAvajUda bhI, adhika AkarSaka ho gii| sAraNI 1 meM mantra aura stotra kA tulanAtmaka vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| isase mantra japa adhika samartha hotA hai / spaSTa hai ki kisI bhI lakSya kI siddhi ke liye maMtra sAhitya yaha jJAta hai ki maMtrArthoM kI paraMparA atyaMta prAcIna hai, para sAmAnya aura viziSTa maMtroM kI paraMparA usase arvAcIna hai / udAharaNArtha, arthata: cAhe jo bhI ho, zabdataH NamokAra maMtra kA sarvaprathama ullekha 1-2 sadI ke SaT - khaMDAgama meM hI upalabdha mAnA jAtA hai / bhagavatI meM bhI yaha pAyA jAtA hai| isake pUrva dharasenAcArya ne 'joNIpAhuDa' meM maMtratantra kI zakti kA varNana avazya kiyA hai| sadiyoM bAda NamokAra maMtra para to aneka grantha aura ullekha pAye jAte hai,

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jaina zAstroM meM mantravAda 199 1. svarUpa sAraNI 1: maMtra aura stotra kA tulanAtmaka vivaraNa maMtra stotra pada samUha, dhvani-samudAya, 2000 pada samUha, 2000 akSaroM se jyAdA, puSpa-parikara ke akSaroM se kama, parAga koza ke samAna, kendraka (pUjya) AdhArita, aicchika pATha vidhi, samAna, zabda-AvRtti para AdhArita, maMtrAbhyAsa kA pUrvarUpa caturaMgI sAdhanA vidhi, pUjA-stotra kA uttara rUpa vistRta, vyApaka alpa vistRta vizAla laukika evaM AdhyAtmika pUjanIya devatA laghu 2. kSetra 3. varNana 4. viSaya 5. sAdhana-prakriyA 6. sAmarthya 7. zakti-srota 8. aMga 9. upamA 10. upayogitA japa zravya pATha adhika zaktizAlI, sadyaH phaladAtA kama zaktizAlI, alaukika varNana se Atma sammohana, bhAva samAdhi bAraMbAratA kA japa pATha (vizAla hone se adhika pATha nahIM ho sakate ) (i) tIna : rUpa, bIja, phala ( ii) cAra : zabda, artha, uccAraNa, bhAvanA agni, kalpavRkSa, cintAmaNi, kAmadhenu, vidyuta-laharI pApanAzaka, viSa-vighna-roga maMtroM ke samAna, para parisara sImita nAzaka, bhUta-preta bAdhAhara, siddhi-riddhi prada (i) kaMThagata dhvani se sphoTazakti setatra meM ye sabhI prabhAva sImita mAtrA meM hote haiN| ( ii ) dhvani AghAta dvArA zakti uttejana ( iii ) mAnasa stara para japa se zaktizAlI karNAtIta yA parAzravya taraMgoM kI utpatti ( iv ) sthUla ke mAdhyama se sUkSma ko prabhAvita karanA evaM sUkSmatara avasthA kI prApti (v) sphoTa zakti se antara meM vidyuta caMbakIya zakti kA udbhava 11. vyAkhyA

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20. paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa 3 para maMtra sAmAnya para svatantra grantha kAphI antarAla bAda upalabdha hote haiM / saMbhavataH dasavIM sadI ke kumArasena kA 'vidyAnuzAsana' isa dRSTi se atyaMta mahatvapUrNa hai| DA. tripAThI ne gyArahavIM sadI ke 'yaMtra-maMtra saMgraha' aura 'maMtra zAstra' nAmaka do ajJAtakartRka granthoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| Ajakala jo 'vidyAnuvAda' upalabdha hai, usakI prAmANikatA carcA kA viSaya hai| aba to 'laghu vidyAnuvAda' aura 'maMtrAnuzAsana' bhI sAmane Aye haiN| yaha spaSTa hai ki ye donoM grantha janetara paddhatiyoM se prabhAvita haiM, ataH unako mAnyatA denA duruha hI hai| aneka vidvAnoM ne maMtroM kA saMkalana to diyA hai, para unakA mUla strota nahIM likhA / jana sAhitya ke itihAsoM meM bhI maMtra-viSayaka sAhitya kA vizeSa ullekha nahIM miltaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jainoM meM ullekha yogya maMtrasAhitya kA nirmANa AThavIM sadI ke bAda hI huA hai jaba 'laukika vidhi' ko pramANatA kI abhisvIkRti dI gii| zrI devota ke anusAra jaina maMtra zAstra para lagabhaga cAlIsa grantha pAye gaye haiN| unhoMne apekSA kI hai ki ina granthoM kA samucita adhyayana prakAzana honA cAhiye / zAstrI ke anusAra maMtroM ke saMbaMdha meM aneka prakAra kI sUcanAyeM NamokAra maMtra se saMbandhita vivaraNoM evaM pustakoM meM milatI haiN| sAhityacArya ne aneka pratiSThA-pAThoM ko bhI ina sUcanAoM kA strota batAyA hai / zAstrI ne navakAra-sAra-zravaNaM, NamokAra maMtra mAhAtmya, namaskAra mAhAtmya ( siddhasena ), namaskAra kalpa, namaskAra stava ( jinakIti sUri ), paMca parameSThI namaskAra stotra, vIja koza tathA vIja vyAkaraNa granthoM ke atirikta pUjyapAda, siddhasena, nemacandra cakravartI, vIrasena, samaMtabhadra, amitagati, zivArya, baTTakera tathA aneka prathamAnuyogI kathAoM ke uddharaNa diye haiN| aMbAlAla zAha ne terahavIM sadI meM siMhatilaka sUri racita sUrimaMtra sambandhI 'maMtrarAjarahasya' grantha kA nAmollekha kiyA hai / sAhityAcArya ne jayasena, basunaMdi ( 10-11 sadI ) evaM AzAdhara ( 13 sadI ) ke pratiSThApAThoM ke atirikta aneka vyaktigata strotoM se prApta hastalikhita pAThoM kA ullekha karate hue aneka mantroM kI jAnakArI dI hai| laukika evaM dhArmika kriyAkalApoM tathA uddezyoM ke liye maMtra-japoM kA jisa mAtrA meM prayoga hotA hai, usa mAtrA meM mantra sAhitya aura usase sambandhita Adhunika dRSTi se samIkSita granthoM kA nitAMta abhAva hai| prastuta lekha isa abhAva kI pUrti kA mAdhyama banegA, aisI AzA hai / maMtra zabda kA artha aneka jainAcAryoM tathA vidvAnoM ne mantra zabda kI paribhASA laukika, AdhyAtmika evaM vyAkaraNika dRSTi se kI hai| isase maMtra zabda ke bahu-AyAmI artha prakaTa hote haiN| mantra zabda mana + traNa-zabdoM se banA haiM / saMskRta ke anusAra, yaha zabda 'man' ( jJAna, vicAra, satkAra ) dhAtu meM 'Tuna' pratyaya lagAne para prApta hotA hai / mantra eka svataMtra dhAtu bhI mAnI jAtI hai| ina AdhAroM para zAstra, vyAkaraNa evaM Adhunika mAnyatAoM ke anusAra maMtra zabda ke nimna artha prApta hote haiM : (1) umAsvAmI maMtra jina yA tIrthakara kA zarIra hI hai / (2) samantabhadra jo maMtravidoM dvArA gupta rUpa se bolA jAve / (3) abhayadeva sUri devAdhiSThita viziSTa akSara racanA / (4) niruktikAra yAska maMtra zabda bAra-bAra manana kriyA kA pratIka hai| (5) paMca kalpa bhASya jo paThita hokara siddha ho, vaha maMtra hai| (6) vyAkaraNagata artha (i) Atma anubhUti kA jJAna karane kI vidhi / (ii) Atma anubhUti para vicAra karane kI kriyaa| (iii) ucca AtmAoM yA devatAoM kA satkArataMtra /

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3 jaina zAstroM meM manvavAda 201 / (iv) viziSTa evaM vargIkRta dhvani / (v) niyata dhvaniyoM ke samUha kI AvRtti / (7) vartamAna artha (i) yoga ke dvArA mana ko mArane/niyaMtrita karane kI vidhi / (ii) mana/manokAmanA kI rakSA/pUrti karane kI vidhi / (iii) ekAgratA evaM aMtaHzakti ke udbhava kA vijJAna / (iv) saMkalpazakti se paripakva vicAra / (v) sUkSya ke mAdhyama se sthUla ke pramAbI sUtra / ina sabhI artho ke bhAva samAna haiN| ye paribhASAya maMtra ke tIna rUpoM ko vyakta karatI haiM jinase spaSTa hotA hai ki maMtra (1) svarUpa-gataH viziSTa akSara-racanA, viziSTa evaM vargIkRta dhvani, niyata dhvani-samUha kI AvRtti / (2) uddezyagataH (i) laukikaH mana kA niyaMtraNa, manokAmanA kI pUrti / (i) AdhyAtmikaH mana kI ekAgratA, ucca AtmAoM kA satkAra, AtmAnubhUti, ___ aMtaHzakti kA udbhava / (3) kriyAgataH jJAna, vicAra, manana, satkAra evaM dhvani samUha ke AvRtti kI kriyaa| dhvani samUha aura mana se prakaTataH sambandhita hai| mana ko tIbragAmI azva kahA gayA hai| usakI pravRtti aura zakti, sAmAnya dazA meM vikharI rahatI hai| maMtra dvArA yaha zakti vindu yA dizA meM prerita kI jAtI hai / isase vyakti aparimita zakti-srota bana jAtA hai| yahI kArya-sAdhikA hai / isa AdhAra para maMtra dhyAna kA hI eka rUpa hai / dhyAna ke vividha caraNoM meM maMtrapATha mahattvapUrNa hai| maMtroM ke svarUpa ke AdhAra para yadi hama unheM zabda dhvani kI lIlA kaheM, to upayukta hI hogaa| isa dhvani lIlA para zAstrIya evaM vaijJAnika maMthana huA hai / jaina zAstroM ke anusAra zabda yA dhvani pudgala yA UrjAyukta sUkSma kaNamaya padArtha hai| ye dhvaniyA~ tIbragAmI mana-prANa ke saMyoga se ati balavAn evaM zakti sampanna ho jAtI haiN| jaba zabdoM kA uccAraNa hotA hai, to vIcI-taraMga mAya se AkAza meM kampana utpanna hote haiN| inakI prakRti uccArita zabda kI tIvratA, AvRtti yA taraMgadairdhya para nirbhara karatI hai| ina kampanoM kA puMja apane kendra para lauTane taka paryApta zaktizAlI ho jAtA hai| isa zakti kA anubhava maMtra-sAdhaka ke Azcarya kA viSaya hotA hai| lekina isa AlhAdaka zakti para vaha taba vizvAsa karane lagatA hai jaba vaha dekhatA hai : bIna bajAne se sarpa mohita ho jAtA hai madhura saMgIta se hiraNa madamasta ho jAte haiM malhAra rAga se megha barasane lagate haiM rAga se dIpaka jalane lagate haiM, viSa utara jAte haiM viziSTa saMgIta dhvaniyoM se paudhoM kI vRddhi tIbra hotI hai saMgIta se pazu adhika dUdha dene lagate haiM parAzravya dhvani se cikitsA hone lagI hai isI dhvani se lohA kATA jA sakatA hai yahI dhvani karNa paTa ko AghAta dvArA kampita karatI hai dhvani cehare ke bhAva prakaTa karatI hai dhvani mana ko bhAvanA-prerita karatI hai aura sunane vAle ko prabhAvita karatI hai|

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202 paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa icchA kI sUkSma taraMgeM sahasrAra aura AjJAcakra se pAsa hokara mUlAdhAra cakra se TakarAtI haiM aura Upara kI ora lauTatI haiM / ve mArgavartI varNoM evaM akSaroM ko spandita karatI haiM / ye spandana ( citra 1 ) hI kaNTha pradeza meM TakarAkara zabda rUpa meM pariNata hokara sphoTita hote haiM / isa prakAra zabda bAhara ko bhItara se jor3atA hai aura antara ko abhivyakti detA hai| zAstroM meM maMtra ko prayoga sAdhya kahA gayA hai| prayoga to Adhunika vijJAna kA kSetra hai| isakI prayoga sAdhyatA, ataeva phalavattA vaijJAnika rUpa se pramANita kI jA sakatI hai| isIliye maMtravidyA ko aba maMtra vijJAna, dhvani vijJAna yA zabda vijJAna bhI kahane lage haiN| zAstrIya maMtra vijJAna sUkSmatama kA vijJAna hai| vaha 'parA' zUnya avasthA se prArambha hokara pazyantI, madhyamA ( vicAra ) caraNoM se pAra hokara 'vaikharI' yA vacana ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotA hai / uccArita dhvani meM mana, buddhi, cetanA Adi ke AyAma jur3a jAne se vaha bojhila bana jAtI hai| isake vipayasi meM antargAmI dhvani ina AyAmoM kA parityAga kara sUkSma nAda evaM zakti kA rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai| isa sUkSma zakti ko jAgRta karane ke liye maMtra kA gaThana aise camatkArI DhaMga se kiyA jAtA hai ki usakI AvRtti kA sIdhA prabhAba hamArI sUkSma granthiyoM, SaTcakroM evaM zakti kendroM para pdd'e| isase prasupta zakti jAgatI hai| maMtroM ke uddezyoM ke anurUpa unako AvRttiyAM viziSTa granthiyoM ko kriyAzIla banAtI haiM jisase ve siddhiprada hone lagatI haiM / zabda kI AvRtti jitanI hI bhItara kI ora hogI, utanI hI vaha caitanya koza ko dolita kregii| yaha AvartanA hI prANavattA kahalAtI hai / yaha cane hae zabda evaM dhvani samUhoM para nirbhara karatI hai| isa dRSTi se sAdhaka kI vicAra zakti svica kA kAma karatI hai aura maMtra zakti vidyuta taraMgoM kA kAma karatI hai| maMtroM ke prakAra AcArya vimala sAgarajI ke anusAra, maMtroM kI saMkhyA caurAsI lAkha hai| inake adhyayana ke liye unakA vargIkaraNa Avazyaka hai| inheM kaI AdhAroM para vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai / mUlAcAra meM maMtra siddhi vidhi ke AdhAra para maMtroM ke do prakAra batAye gaye haiM : paThita ( jo pATha-siddha ho ) aura sAdhita ( jo sAdhanA se siddha ho ) / cakrezvarI aura jvAlA linI paThita zreNI ke haiN| gaNadhara valaya, riSimaMDala, siddhacakra Adi sAdhita zreNI ke haiN| yaha vargIkaraNa paryApta sthala pratIta hotA hai| prakRti ke AdhAra para maMtroM ko tIna koTiyA~ haiM--AsurI, rAjasa aura sAtvika / AsurI maMtroM ke sAdhakoM ko siddhiyAM divya rUpa meM prakaTa nahIM hotii| sAtvika maMtra ke sAdhakoM kA anuSThAna niSkAma hotA hai aura unheM prApti, prAkAmya, Izitva aura vazitva kI siddhiyA~ anivAryataH prApta hotI haiM / rAjasa maMtroM ke phala madhyavartI hote haiN| hameM sAtvika maMtroM kI sAdhanA karanI cAhiye / __maMtroM ke svarUpa ke anusAra bhI, maMtra tona prakAra ke batAye gaye haiM : sraSTikramI, sthitikramI aura saMhAraka maMtra / prathama koTi ke maMtra zAnti, abhyudaya, puSTi evaM puruSArtha janaka hote haiN| sthitikramI maMtra azubha pariNAmoM ke nAzaka aura zama pariNAmI hote haiN| saMhAraka maMtra saMhArI kriyAoM evaM manovRtti ke janaka hote haiN| inase zuma kA bhI saMhAra maMtra prakAra nAma devatA maMtrAMta uddezya saura puruSa pulligI maMtra 2. stroliMgI maMtra 3. napuMsakaliMgI saumya strI hu~, phaTa, vaSaT svAhA namaH vazIkaraNa, staMmana, uccATana, arthaprada zAnti, puSTi, kAma siddhi, dharma, mukti |

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3 jaina zAstroM meM mantravAda 203 hotA hai aura azuma kA bhI saMhAra hotA hai| maMtra-japa ke pUrva maMtra nyAsa kI prakriyA bhI isI AdhAra para tIna prakAra ko hotI hai / maMtroM kA bahumAnya vibhAjana unake liMga ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai / isa dRSTi se maMtra tIna prakAra ke hote haiM jinakA vivaraNa Upara diyA gayA hai| laukika uddezyoM ke anurUpa maMtroM ke nau prakAra batAye gaye haiM : staMbhana, saMmohana, uccATana, vazIkaraNa, jumaNa, vidveSaNa, mAraNa, zAntika aura pauSTika / inameM se pratyeka uddezya ke liye viziSTa maMtra hotA hai| kucha maMtra sabhI prakAra ke uddezya ke pUraka hote haiM / maMtroM kA eka vargIkaraNa unameM vidyamAna akSaroM yA varSoM kI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai| jJAnArNava evaM dravya saMgraha meM 35, 16, 6, 5, 4, 2, 1 Adi akSaroM ke maMtroM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| zAstrI ne inake udAharaNa bhI diye hai| govinda zAstrI ke anusAra, yadi maMtroM meM vIjAkSara aura pallava doSa na hoM, to 3, 4, 5, 9, 12, 14. 22, 27, 34, 35, 38 evaM tetAlIsa akSara vAle maMtra sAdhanA ke yogya hote haiN| yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki do hajAra se adhika akSara vAle maMtra stotra kahalAte haiN| isa AdhAra para alpAkSarI maMtroM kA japa adhika prabhAvakArI batAyA gayA hai| unhoMne maMtroM meM pAye jAne vAle 49 doSa bhI batAye haiN| ina doSoM se rahita maMtra hI ja mAnA gayA hai| maMtroM kI saMracanA : maMtroM ke aMga sAmAnyataH pratyeka maMtra meM tIna aMga hote haiM : akArAdi-kSakArAMta mAtRkAkSara, kavarga se hakArAnta vIjAkSara aura pallava yA liMga ( namaH, svAhA Adi ) / pratyeka maMtra meM inakA ekIkRta rUpa meM samanvaya kiyA jAtA hai| zAstrI ke anusAra sabhI jaina maMtroM kA vIja NamokAra maMtra hai| isake vIjAkSaroM ke sUkSmIkaraNa se hI anya maMtra banAye gaye hai| vIja koza aura bIja vyAkaraNa se vIjAkSaroM aura mAtakA varNoM kA mahattva jJAta kiyA jA sakatA hai| inase sambandhita jaina zAstrIya vivaraNa sAraNI 2 meM diyA gayA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa viSaya meM vaidika paddhati ke vivaraNa adhika vistata aura vyApaka haiN| ina vivaraNoM meM pratyeka varNa ke liye saMketaka, varNa, svarUpa, Ayudha, vAhana, parimANa, tAtvika rUpa, devatA, zakti, riSi, chanda, candra saura kalA evaM nAda/praNava kalA kA saMsUcana kiyA jAtA hai| ina sUcanAoM ke AdhAra para hI maMtroM kA nirmANa aura unake kArya evaM sAmarthya kA anumAna lagatA hai| maMtroM ke aMta meM lagAye jAne vAle namaH, svAhA, phaTa Adi zabda unake liMga aura lakSya ke pratIka hote haiN| inheM hI pallava kahate haiM / ina tIna aMgoM ke binA maMtra pUrNa nahIM mAnA jaataa| udAharaNArtha, hama nimna rakSA maMtra ko leM: ____om Namo arihaMtANaM hAM hradayaM rakSa rakSa hum phaT svAhA / yaha bIsa akSara kA maMtra hai| isameM om, hum, phaTa, svAhA pallava haiM, a, o Adi svaroM se yukta mAtRkA vaNaM haiM aura ka-ha taka ke aneka vIjAkSara haiN| pUrNa rakSA maMtra meM paMca parameSThiyoM kA pRthaka-pRthak pATha kiyA jAtA hai| tabhI yaha maMtra nirdoSa evaM pUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| uparokta vivecana ke AdhAra para hama laghu zAnti maMtra kA bhAvAtmaka artha jJAta kreN| isa maMtra meM 19 akSara haiM, svAhA aura om pallava haiN| isameM mAtRkA varga aura vIjAkSara bho aneka haiN| sAraNI 3 ke anusAra isameM prayukta aMgoM ke phalitArtha se spaSTa hai ki isa maMtra meM aise hI vargoM aura pallavoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai jo vibhinna prakAra kI zaktiyoM ke srota haiM aura azAnti, tanAva Adi ko parAsta kara jIvana ko zAntikara evaM sakArAtmaka banAne meM sakSama haiN| strIliMgI pallava hone se yaha maMtra zAntika, pauSTika aura icchApUrti kA pratIka hai| isI prakAra anya maMtroM ke bhI

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204 0 jagamohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha kra0 1. 2. 3. 4. , 8. 9. 10. 6. U 7. 11. 12. 13. 14. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. akSara uccAraNa 33. 34. to toy up to 15. 16. kha 35. 36. a 17. ga 18. 37. A e ai o o aM a: aa la gha No p ca cha ja hts ta jha ka kaMTha oe Ta Iu iu po Da Dha Na ta why to t tha da dha na pa pha ba kaMTha kaMTha tAlu tAlu oSTha oSTha kaMTha-zAlU kaMTha-tAlu kaMThoSTha kaMThoSTha nAsikA kaMTha mUrdhA danta raa& llwaa, 23 "" " tAlu " "1 " " mUrdhA " 17 37 "" danta 11. 11 31 27 o 33 "1 sAraNI 2-vyaniyoM/ bojAkSaroM se saMbaMdhita vivaraNa tatva liMga vAyu bAyu agni voja AkAza, praNava sukha bIja agnivIja guNavIja vAyuvIja ariSTa ni0 bazI0 bIjamUla mAyAbIjamula aneka bIjamUla lakSmI, AkAza zAnti bIja Rddhi bIja lakSmI bojamUla zakti vIja AkAza vIja praNava bIjamUla staMbhana / mohana bidhvaMsana uccA0 bIjamUla mAyA bIjamUla AkarSaNa vIjamUla zrI bIjamUla staMbhana / mohana azubha bIjamUla caMdra bIja mAraNa/mAyA vIjamUla AkAza / dhvaMsa mUla AkarSaNa bIja lakSmI bIjamUla bazI0 bIjamUla mAyA bIjamUla siddhi bIjamUla agmi pRthvI pRthvI jala Herr rr et 44 | | E LENTE HEN! jala pu. AkAza pu. AkAza pu. vAyu AkAza pu. AkAza bAbu vAyu vAyu, agni na pRthvI, jala vAyu agni agni agni agni agni pRthvI pRthvI pRthvI jala pRthvI pRthvI jala pu. strI pRthvI na. jala strI pu. pu. na. jala AkAza AkAza AkAza b) c% ci ciN b b c tticiN tt ci) b c i b c ci b tti b bil b b strI pu. pu. pu. varNa brA. brA. at. brA. brA. brA. brA. brA. brA. vrA. brA. brA. brA. brA. kSa. kSa. kSa. kSa. kSa. 4. vai. vai. vai. 4. w'p b'' b' b'p' b'bk k b w q q zU. zU. zU. zu. zU. zU. zU. zU. vaiM. vai. vai. zakti / sAmarthya sarvazakti dhana, AzA mRdu kArya sAdhaka alpa zakti adbhuta zakti vighaTana nizcala udAtta anudAtta zIghra kAryasAdhaka mRdu zakti sahayogI siddhidAyaka satya saMcAraka sukhotpAdaka kalpa vRkSa sAdhaka staMbhana vidhvaMsaka khaMDa zakti zakti vidhvaMsa roga nAza, siddhi zakti saMcAra avarodhaka azAnti nikRSTa kArya zAnti virodhI zAnti, zakti zAnti, zakti sarva siddhi maMgala sAdhaka Atma zakti [ khaNDa sahayogI Atmasiddhi sahayogI kaThora kArya vighna vinAza

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3] 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. bha ma ya ra " 33 tAlu mUrdhA la danta va za tAlu Sa mUrdhA dantoSTha sa danta ha kaMTha lakSmI vIja-virodhI AhvAna vIja kAma vIjamUla sarva vIjamUla sahasAraprakram (7) agni vIja zrI vojamUla sarasvatI vIja vINA kI khU~TI piGgalA vairavarI vANI/ hRdaya deza kuNDalinI samAna vAyu vaizvAnara agninAbhi Hrittrter AkAza AkAza vAyu agni pRthvI pRthvI vAyu agni jala vAyu na. na. pu. na. strI. strI. ! pu. pu. na. jaina zAstroM meM mantravAda sAtvika virodhI siddhi, santAna zAnti, siddhi zakti vRddhi vai. vai. AjJAcakram (6) D vINA kI khU~TI suSumnA - iDA * vizuddhacakram (5) kSa. kSa. kSa. kSa. kSa. kSa. kSa. kSa. madhyamA vANI 'anAhatacakram (4) pazyantI vANI maNipUracakram (3) lakSmI, kalyANa vipatti nivAraka nirarthaka siddhidAyaka sarvasAdhaka maMgala sAdhaka svAdhiSThAnacakram (2) - mUlAdhAracakram (1) parA vANI citra 1. zarIra taMtra meM vibhinna cakra aura nAr3iyA~ ( saujanya DaoN0 vAgIza zAstrI ) 205

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206 paM0 jagamohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa phalitArtha se unakI japanIyatA evaM upayogitA prakaTa hotI hai / mahAprajJa ne maMtra ke cAra avayava batAye haiM: zabda ardha, uccAraNa aura bhAvanA / ye ghaTaka maMtra kI prANavattA ke nirUpaka haiM / om hRIM a ha~ bha si A u sA sarvazAMti ku ku ruru svAhA pallava maMtra liMga sAraNI 3. laghu zAMtimaMtra kA phalitArtha tejovIja, kAmavIja, praNava vAcaka, siddhidAyaka sarvazAMti, maMgala, kalyANa praNavavIja, zakti dyotaka viSApahAra vIja praNavavIja, zakti dyotaka sarva samIhita sAdhaka zakti, buddhi, dhana, AzA adbhuta zaktizAlI dhana va AzApUraka kAryasAdhaka, camatkArotpAdaka, hitaiSI suyaza, zakti, utpAdaka zakti-prasphoTaka, vardhaka zAMtikara, havana vAcaka svAhA, om strIliMga kucha viziSTa maMtra jaina zAstroM meM lokika, dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika uddezyoM ke liye viziSTa maMtra pAye jAte haiN| inakA japa viziSTa avasaroM para kiyA jAtA hai / inameM se kucha maMtra yahA~ diye jA rahe haiM : 1. acitya phaladAyaka maMtra - om hrIM svahaM Namo Namo arihaMtANaM hRIM namaH / 2. roganivAraka maMtra - om Namo arihaMtANaM, Namo siddhANaM, Namo AiriyANaM, Namo uvajjhAyANaM, Namo loe sAhUNaM / om Namo bhagavati, suade, vayANavAra saMga eva, yaNa jAgaNIye, sarassAI e savva, vAiNi savaNavaNe, om avatara avatara devi, maya sarIraM vapisa puchaM, tassa pavisasatva, jaNa mayahIye arihaMta sirisariye svAhA / 3. agni nivAraka maMtra - om Namo, om ahaM asi A usA, Namo arihaMtANaM namaH / 4. lakSmI prApti maMtra - om Namo arihaMtANaM, om Namo siddhANaM, om Namo AiriyANaM, om Namo uvajjhAyANaM, om Namo loe savvasAhUNaM / om hrAM hrIM hrIM hrIM hraH svAhA / 5. sarvasiddhi maMtra - (1) om asi A u sA namaH ( savA lAkha japa ), (2) om hrIM zrIM klIM namaH svAhA 6. zAnti maMtra - ye tIna prakAra ke haiM: vRhat, madhyama aura laghu / yahA~ madhyama aura laghu maMtra diye jA rahe haiM : madhyama zAnti maMtra - om hrAM hrIM hrIM hrauM hra: a si A u sA sarvazAntiM kuru kuru svAhA ( 21 akSara ) laghu zAnti maMtra - om hrIM ahaM a si A u sA sarvazAMtiM kuru kuru svAhA ( 19 akSara ) saMvaMzAnti maMtra - om hrIM zrIM klU blU ahaM namaH

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- jaina zAstroM meM mantravAda 207 inake kama-se-kama 21,000 japa karanA caahiye| yaha maMtra siddhacakra vidhAna tathA gRhapravezAdi laukika kriyAoM meM bhI japA jAtA hai| 7. vazIkaraNa maMtra-lakSmI prApti maMtra meM "om hrAM""svAhA' ke badale nimna aMza jor3akara par3hanA : 'amuka mama vazyaM kuru kuru svAhA ( 11,000 japa ) 8. mahAmRtyuMjaya maMtra-lakSmI prApti maMtra meM 'om hrAM "svAhA' ke badale 'mama sarva grahAriSTAna nivAraya nivAraya apamRtyu ghAtaya ghAtaya sarvazAntiM kuru kuru svAhA' par3hanA / ( 31,000 se 1,25,000 japa) maMtroM kI sAdhanA AdhyAtmika yA laukika lakSyoM kI prApti ke liye maMtroM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| isa prayoga ko mantra sAdhanA kahate haiN| isa prayoga meM mantra ko viziSTa vAtAvaraNa va vidhi ke anurUpa bAra bAra japA jAtA hai| yaha prakriyA kisI sote hue vyakti ko vAra vAra jagAne ke samAna mAnanA cAhiye / mantra kA yaha japa vAcika, upAMzu evaM mAnasika-kiso bho rUpa meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| vAcika japa meM mantra mukhoccArita hotA hai / upAMzu japa meM mantra ko zabdoccAraNa kriyA bhItara hI hotI hai, vaha mukha meM se bahigata nahIM hotaa| mAnasika japa meM bAharo ora bhItarI zabdoccAraNa nahIM hotA, kevala hRdaya meM mantroM kA cintana, vicAra hotA rahatA hai| somadeva ke anusAra mAnasika jApa sarvottama hotA hai / yaha vAcika jApa se sahastra guNa phala vAlA hotA hai / ____ japa zabda, dhvani yA mantra ko bAra-bAra punarAvRtti ko kahate haiM / iha hetu sunizcita AvRttiyoM ke liye kamala jApa, hastAMguli jApa evaM mAlA jApa vidhiyAM pracalita haiN| bAraMbAratA zakti kI pratoka evaM janaka hai| AyurvedajJa apane auSadhoM ko bahusaMkhyaka pAkoM dvArA hI adhikAdhika guNavAna banAte haiN| isase ve vAhya zarIra ko sakSama evaM samartha banAne meM sahAyaka hote haiN| mantra sAdhanA bhI mantroM kA viziSTa saMkhyaka pAka hai jo viziSTa zakti ko, vidyut cuMbakIya zakti ke rUpa meM, antara meM utpanna karatA hai| isa prakriyA meM mantra ke varNoM evaM dhvaniyoM kA zodhana evaM pAka ho kara antaraMga zuddha hotA hai| isaliye japa vastutaH antaHkaraNa ke liye antaraMga kI sAdhanA hai| isa sAdhanA meM bhautika yA gharSaNa zakti kA nahIM, apitu vidyuta-cuMbakIya zakti kA upayoga hotA hai| kucha logoM ke anusAra, mAnasika japa meM dhvani AbhAsI hotI hai / para mantra sAdhaka jAnatA hai ki yaha vAstavika hotI hai| yaha usakI bhAvanA, icchA evaM saMkalpazakti kI tIvratA para nirbhara karatI hai| vastutaH bhAvanA para mantra dhvaniyoM kA AruDha karanA hI japa hai| isa prakriyA meM utpanna zaktizAlI vidyuta cuMbakIya taraMgoM kA grAhI sAdhaka bhI ho sakatA hai aura sAdhaketara anya vyakti bhI ho sakatA hai| donoM para hI vAMchita prabhAva var3atA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki japa ke kAraNa vAra-vAra eka-se laya se nikalate zabda laharapara-lahara utpanna karate hue dUravartI mAdhyama para bhI apanA icchita prabhAva DAlate haiM / ye vidyut dhArA ke samAna UrjA utpanna karate hue honI ko anahonI meM pariNata kara dete haiN| mantrAvRtti kI zakti sabhI avarodhoM ko pAra kara sAdhya siddhi meM sahAyaka hotI hai| maMtra sAdhanA ko vidhi : sAdhaka kI yogyatA ___ maMtroM kI sAdhanA kA mUla lakSya to AdhyAtmika zakti kA vikAsa aura karmakSaya hai, para sAMsArika prANI isase aneka prakAra ke laukika lakSya bhI prApta karanA cAhatA hai / sAtvika sAdhaka ke liye aneka laukika lakSya, niSkAma sAdhanA se svayameva prApta hote haiM / prAraMbhika sAdhaka inheM hI siddhi samajha letA hai| vastutaH ye carama siddhi ke mArga ke AkarSaNa haiN| inakI upekSA kara Age sAdhanA karanI cAhiye / maMtra sAdhanA ke liye sAdhaka para jAti, liMga yA varNa kA koI baMdhana nahIM

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208 paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha hai| usameM viziSTa prakAra kI yogyatA evaM AcAra-vattA honA caahiye| isake liye sAdhanA ke pUrva sAdhaka ke liye aSTa zuddhiyoM kA vidhAna hai : 1. dravya zuddhi : indriya evaM mana ko vaza meM kara krodhAdi vikAroM se rahita honA 2. kSetra zuddhi : mantra sAdhanA hetu nirAkula sthAna, nirjana sthAna, gRha kA zAMta kakSa, zmazAna, zava, zyAmA evaM araNya pITha Adi samucita sthAna kA cayana 3. samaya zuddhi : prAtaH, sAyaM evaM madhyAhna meM AvazyatAnusAra nizcita samayAvadhi taka mantra jApa, tithi zuddhi 4. Asana zuddhi : kASTha, zilA, bhUmi, caTAI, tAr3apatra, rezamI vastra, kambala Adi para pUrva yA uttara dizA meM padmAsana, khaDgAsana, dhyAnAsana meM mantra japa karanA 5. vinaya zuddhi : mantra ke prati zraddhA, anurAga evaM saMkalpa vRtti 6 manaH zuddhi : vicAroM kI vikRti haTAkara ekAgratA kA prayAsa 7. vacana zuddhi : mantra ko zuddharUpa meM japane kA prayatna 8 kAya zuddhi : nitya kriyAoM se nivRtta hokara snAna evaM svaccha vastra pahanakara zuddha zarIra se mantra japa / aneka sthAnoM para trikaraNa zuddhi, IryApatha zuddhi, bhUmi-pAtra zuddhi Adi ke nAma bhI pAye jAte haiN| ye aSTazuddhiyAM yoga mArga ke samakakSa haiN| isaliye yaha kahA jAtA hai ki acchA yogI hI acchA mantra sAdhaka ho sakatA haiN| yogarUpa sAdhana aura mantrarUpa sAdhya / yogya sAdhaka ko bahiraMga aura antaraMga se zuddha, zraddhAvAna evaM saMkalpa-samRddha honA cAhiye / sAdhaka kI samucita yogyatAoM ke viSaya meM 'vidyAnuvAda' Adi granthoM meM nirUpaNa hai| kumArasena ke 'vidyAnuzAsana' meM bhI etadviSayaka mahatvapUrNa carcA hai / pUjA, svAdhyAya, indriya-saMyama, guru bhakti, tapa aura dAna karane kI pravRtti se sAdhanA phalavatI hotI hai| yaha sAmAnya dhAraNA hai ki mantra kI sAdhanA mantrajJa guru ke nirdezana meM karanA cAhiye / guru do prakAra ke hote haiM : mAtA-pitA, agraja Adi prAkRta guru haiN| AcArya, mAmA, zvasura, rAjA aura hotA vyavasthAkRta guru haiN| guru ke guNoM kA vivaraNa zAstroM meM upalabdha hai / vastutaH guru vahI hai jo AlhAdakArI ho, abhyudaya sahAyaka ho / sthApanAnikSepita evaM mAnasika guru bhI kalyANakArI batAye gaye haiN| hindU zAstroM ko anusAra, guru ko manuSya na mAnakara devatulya mAnanA caahiye| inameM sAdhaka ke bhI nimna guNa batAye gaye haiM : vizvAsa, zraddhA, gurumakti, indriya saMyama, mitabhojana evaM sAmyabhAva / jainAcArya bhI pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa meM ina guNoM ko mAnate haiN| maMtra sAdhanA kI vidhi devota ne batAyA hai ki vartamAna meM upalabdha mantra sAhitya meM maMtrasiddhi kI sampUrNa vidhi kahIM bhI nahIM dI gaI hai| isakA saMkalana kara maMtrajJoM ne apane apane pAsa use pUrNa kara rakhA hai| phira bhI, jo upalabdha hai, usake AdhAra para usakI rUparekhA prastuta kI jA sakatI hai| zAstroM meM mantra-sAdhanA ke liye dasa prakAra ke saMskAroM kA vidhAna hai| saMpUrNa sAdhanA vidhi caTaraMgI, paMcAMgI yA SaDaMgI hotI hai| yaha caturaMgI-japa, dhyAna, pUjA, havana to avazya hI honI cAhiye / tarpaNa evaM bhoja ke badale meM kucha adhika jApa kiye jA sakate haiN| sarvaprathama sAdhanA prArambha hetu upayukta mAsa, tithi evaM samaya kA cayana karanA caahiye| taduparAnta yathocita samaya para uparokta ATha zuddhiyoM yA saMskAroM ko sampanna karanA caahiye| upayukta tithi para amRta snAna, kara-nyAsa, aMganyAsa, kUTAkSa ranyAsa, AtmarakSA mantra, paravidyAchedana mantra, ariSTanemi mantra evaM digbaMdhanAdi ke dvArA japa kI pUrvapIThikA tayAra kI jAtI hai| japoM kI saMkhyA evaM mantra bhI nizcita

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jaina zAstroM meM mantravAda 209 kara liyA jAtA hai / sAmAnyataH japo kI nizcita saMkhyA nahIM hotI aura japa taba taka karanA cAhiye, jaba taka mantra siddha na ho jAve / NamokAra mantra ke viSaya meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki isakA sAta lAkha japa karane se kaSTamukti aura dAridraya nAza hotA hai / mantra siddhi kA mAna mantrAdhiSThAtA devatAoM kI upasthiti se hotA hai| japa karane ke liye nizcita evaM zuddha sthAna para eka cau-pATa rakhakara usake bIca meM sAMthiyA banAnA cAhiye / usake cAroM konoM para cAra aura madhya meM eka-kula pAMca kalaza rkheN| ye kalaza naye hoM, pratyeka meM haldI kI gAMThe, supArI tathA akSata ( eka meM savA rupayA ) ddaaleN| unake mukha para nAriyala, tUsa, mAlA rakhakara unheM sajA deN| kalazoM ke sAtha hI paMcaraMgI yA kezariyA dhvajAoM ke cAra thape rkheN| caupaTA ke pUrva yA uttara meM siMhAsana para vinAyaka yantra rkheN| uttara yA pUrva dizA meM akhaMDa-jyoti dhRta yA taila dIpa rkheN| isake bAda japAsana ke samakSa dhUpaghaTa, dhUpapAtra, sUtra kI mAlA evaM japagaNanA hetu kucha bAdAma, supArI yA logeN| sAtha hI, yadi mantra yAda na ho, to use zuddha rUpa meM kAgaja para likhakara sAmane rakhe / mantra saMkalpa ko bhI cau-prATa ke madhya kalaza ke pAsa likhakara rkheN| ___ isake bAda, maMgalASTaka kA pATha karate hue puSpavarSA kreN| tadanantara zarIra kI rakSA tathA vibhinna dizAoM se Ane vAle vighnoM kI zAMti ke liye maMtroccAraNa pUrvaka kara-nyAsa, aMganyAsa aura dizAbaMdhana kreN| kalAI meM rakSAsUtra bA~dhe, tilaka lagAveM aura yajJopavIta bA~dhe / isake bAda yantra kA abhiSeka aura pUjana kreN| phira uddezya-vidhAna pUrvaka japa kA saMkalpa kareM aura jala chidd'keN| aba mantra japa prArambha karane ke pUrva nau vAra NamokAra mantra par3heM aura japa prArambha kreN| mAlA-japa meM, yA anya vidhi meM pratyeka mAlA (108 vAra japa ) pUrNa hone para, dhUpa kheleM, to acchA rhegaa| isa prasaMga meM kAma Ane vAlI vidhi va mantroM kA vivaraNa sAhityAcArya ne diyA hai| yaha kriyA pratyeka vAra japa prArambha karane ke pUrva prAtaH evaM sAyaM karanI caahiye| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki eka dina ekavAra japane para eka kti NamokAra mantra ke samAna 35 akSara ke mantra ko eka ghaMTe meM hajAra vAra japa karatA hai| prAyaH mantra isase choTe hI hote haiN| ataH eka dina meM pAMca-se-dasa hajAra taka japa ho sakate haiN| isI AdhAra para evaM uddezya ke anurUpa japa saMkhyA nizcita kI jAtI hai| AcArya rajanIza japa kI saMkhyA nizcita nahIM karate, ve tIna mAha taka pratidina tIsa minaTa kA japa karane ke liye kahate haiN| inakI prakriyA meM pUrvokta vAtAvaraNa nirmAtrI evaM manovaijJAnikataH pramAvazIla pUrvapITikA kA mahatva nahIM mAnA jAtA, para 'recana' kI unakI prakriyA mI zAstrIya prakriyA se acchI nahIM pratIta hotii| yaha apanI apanI ruci kA prazna hai| japa saMkhyA pUrNa hone para athavA mantra siddhi hone para pUjA aura havana dvArA sAdhanA kI mantima vidhi sampanna kI jAtI hai| maMtra ko saphalatA ko pahicAna yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki pratyeka mantra ke adhiSThAtA deva-deviyA~ hote haiN| mantra siddha hone para ve sAdhaka ke samakSa apane saumya rUpa meM prakaTa hote haiN| unakI upasthiti laukika mantrasiddhi kA pratIka hai| dharasenAcArya ne puSpadaMta-bhUtabali kI parIkSA unakI maMtrajJatA ke AdhAra para hI kI thii| isI siddhi ke AdhAra para ve dharasena se Agama vidyA prApta kara sake / mantra-sAdhanA kI saphalatA viziSTa prakAra ke svapnoM se bhI jJAta hotI hai| jaba sAdhanA-samaya meM sAdhaka ke svapna meM sapheda hAthI, ghor3A, pUrNa kalaza, sUrya, candra, samudra, zAsana devatA yA jina biba ke darzana hote haiM, to inheM mantra siddhi kA pratIka mAnA jAtA hai / mantra siddhi kI saMbhAvanA kA anumAna kAkiNI lakSaNa vidhA se bhI lagAyA jA sakatA hai| aneka sAdhakoM ko maMtra siddhi nahIM hotI, ataH ve aura anya jana mantroM para avizvAsa karane lagate haiN| isa viphalatA ke nimna pramukha kAraNa saMbhava haiM: 27

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210 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa 1. sAdhaka meM sAdhanA kI pAtratA na honA / 2. sAdhaka kI samucita guru na milanA / 3. yuga ke prabhAva ke anusAra, AsthAhIna mantra japa krnaa| isa AsthAhInatA kA anumAna kara hI RSiyoM ne kahA hogA ki kaliyuga meM caugunI mAtrA meM japa karane se mantrasiddhi saMbhava hai| saMbhavataH yaha saMkhyA AsthA ko balavatI banAne ke liye hI sthira kI gaI ho| 4. maMtra ko azuddha uccAraNa pUrvaka japanAH sadoSa mantra japanA 5. anuSThAna kI pUrNa prakriyA kA saMpAdana na karanA 6. azubha muhUrta, pratikUla mantra kA jApa Adi anya kAraNa / zAstrajJoM kA mata hai ki uparokta kAraNoM ke na rahane para evaM dRr3ha icchA, saMkalpa evaM AsthA rakhane para mantrasiddhi avazya hotI hai| isase jIvana utsAha evaM zakti se bharapUra hotA hai, saMsAra sukhamaya pratIta hone lagatA hai|* paThanIya sAmagrI 1. vAlTara sUbiMga; bhakTarina Ava janAja, motIlAla banArasI dAsa, dillI, 1962 2. sudharmA svAmI; samavAyAMga, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1966 3. sAdhvI caMdanA (saM0); uttarAdhyayana, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1972 4. zAstrI, nemicaMdra; NamokAra maMtraH eka anuciMtana, mA0 jJAnapITha, dillI, 1967 5. tripAThI, rAmamUrti; jIta abhi0 prantha, jayadhvaja prakAzana samiti, madrAsa, 1986, peja 2. 167 6. govinda zAstrI; maMtra varzana, sarvArthasiddhi prakAzana, dillI, 1980 7. sAhityAcArya, pannAlAla, maMdira-vedI-pratiSThA kalazArohaNa vidhi, varNI granthamAlA, kAzI, 1971 / 8. jaina vidyA saMgoSThI; baMbaI 1983-vivaraNa, bhA0 jJAnapITha, 1984 9. AcArya rajanIza; rajanIza dhyAna yoga, rajanIzadhAma, pUnA, 1987 10. lakSmIcaMdra saroja, kai. caM. zAstrI ami. graMtha, rIvA, 1980 peja 140 * isa lekha ke tayAra karane meM DA0 ena0 ela0 jaina ne merI AdhArabhUta sahAyatA kI hai| lekhaka unakA kRtajJa hai|

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mantra yoga aura usakI sarvatobhadra sAdhanA DaoN0 rudradeva tripAThI bRjamohana bir3alA zodhakendra, ujjaina ( ma0pra0) yogavidyA bhAratavarSa kI atyanta prAcIna vidyA hai| isa vidyA kA vistAra aneka rUpoM meM haA hai| yaugikasAdhanA ke bhinna-bhinna prakAra hayAre deza meM pracalita rahe haiM aura unhIM ke AdhAra para yoga-sampradAyoM kA svatantra rUpa se vikAsa bhI paryApta mAtrA meM hotA rahA hai| yoga-mArga kI pramukha do dhArAe~ mAnI jAtI hai, 1. cittavRtti-nirodhamUlaka aura 2. zArIrika kriyAsampAdanamUlaka / ina donoM kI prakriyAe~ bhI do prakAra kI haiM : 1. kevala prakriyArUpa tathA 2. mantrArAdhana-pUrvaka prakriyArUpa / jaba yoga-sAdhaka cittavRtti ke nirodha ke liye Antarika aura bAhya zArIrika kriyAoM ko saMyata banAne kA prayAsa karatA hai, to vaha prathamakoTi meM AtA hai| yadi usa kriyA ke sAtha-sAtha iSTamantra athavA tattata sthAnoM kI adhiSThAtrI zaktiyoM ke mantra athavA bIjamantroM kA japa bhI karatA hai, to vaha dvitIya koTi meM AtA hai| yoga ke aneka rUpa ___ yogazAstra meM jisa yoga kI carcA huI hai, vaha 'rAjayoga' hai / isa yoga paddhati kA sarvAGga vivecana mahaSi pataJjali ve cAra pAdoM meM kiyA hai| inameM kramazaH yoga aura yogAGgoM kA pratipAdana karate hue usase milane vAle lAbhoM kA sthUla evaM sUkSma vivaraNa dekara cittavRttinirodha-pUrvaka 'samAdhi' prApti kA mArga dikhalAyA hai| yaha yoga-vidhAna yahIM simaTa kara nahIM rahA apitu isake pratyeka aGga-pratyaGga ke viSaya meM vibhinna AcAryoM ne vistAra-pUrvaka cintana-manana bhI prastuta kiyaa| yoga kA dUsarA prakAra 'haThayoga' ke nAma se cacita huaa| haThayoga ke AyAmoM meM katipaya AGgika-kriyAoM tathA prANavAya-sAdhanA se sampUrNa prakriyAoM kA bAhulya apane kSetra kA sarvottama sAdhaka banA / caurAsI Asana aura kitane hI upaAsana isake sAkSI hai ki "haThayoga kI sAdhanA se saMyama sadhatA hai, niyama niyata hotA hai, prANa-sAdhanA pariSkRta hotI hai tathA samAdhi-siddhi kA sahaja lAbha milatA hai / " manoyoga-pUrvaka kI gaI haThayoga-sAdhanA sAdhaka ko carama lakSya taka pahu~cAne meM pUrNataH kSama hai| yaugika-prakriyAoM meM 'mantra-yoga' kA tIsarA evaM bar3A mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| yaha svAbhAvika yoga ke nAma se vikhyAta 'mahAyoga' ke avasthA-bhedAtmaka cAra yogoM meM se eka hai| isa yoga kA mukhya lakSya mantra ke Azraya se jIva aura paramAtmA kA sammelana hai / zabdAtmaka mantra ke caitanya ho jAne para usakI sahAyatA se jIva kramazaH UdhvaM gamana karatA huA paramAtmA ke dhAma meM sthAna prApta kara letA hai / vaikharI zabda se kramazaH madhyamAvasthA kA bhedana kara pazyantI zabda meM praveza hI mantrayoga kA mukhya uddezya hai| yaha pazyantI zabda svayaMprakAza cidAnandamaya hai| cidAtmaka puruSa kI vahI akSaya aura amara SoDaSI kalA hai| vahI AtmajJAna, iSTadeva-sAkSAtkAra athavA zabdacaitanya kA utkRSTa phala hai / mantrayoga ke prakAra vizeSa aneka haiM jinakA vicAra hama Age kareMge / 'laya-yoga' rAjayoga kA eka bhAga hai, aisI sarvasAmAnya kI mAnyatA hai / isa yoga ke pravartakoM kA kathana hai ki-'yadi bhakti, jJAna, vairAgya ityAdi guNoM kA utkarSa svataH karanA apekSita ho, to sAdhaka ko laya-yoga kA Azraya

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212 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa lenA cAhiye / ' zrI zaGkarAcArya ne apane 'yogatArAvalI' grantha meM 'laya-yoga' kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki-'layayoga' ke savA lAkha prakAra hote haiN| AdinAtha ne 'haThayoga-pradIpikA' meM layayoga ke savA karor3a prakAroM kA nirdeza kiyA hai aura unameM nAdAnusandhAna ko mukhya batalAyA hai / 'vAsanA kA saMyamana karate hue usakA kSaya karanA aura sabhI vRttiyoM ko sarvAvasthAoM ke sAtha usakA AtmasvarUpa meM laya karanA 'laya-yoga' hai|' zarIra ke antargata nau cakroM meM laya karanA, nAdAnusandhAna, prakAzAnusandhAna, praNavajapa karate hue usakI mAtrAoM ke sthAna para maba kA laya karanA, vRtti-avasthA kA laya, ahambhAva kA laya, kuNDalinI jAgaraNa ke pazcAt sahasradala kamala meM prakRti aura puruSa ke dvaitabhAva kA laya karake usake dvArA jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA ke advaitabhAva kA jJAna karanA Adi layayoga ke prakAra haiN| itanA hI nahIM; layayogI jJAna kI sapta bhUmikAoM ko bhI lA~dha sakatA hai / isIliye kahA gayA hai ki japa ko tulanA meM dhyAna sau gunA acchA hotA hai, aura dhyAna se sau gunA phalavAna laya hotA hai| ina caturvidha yogoM meM pUrvAparatA nahIM hai, tathApi tasya tadeva hi madhuraM yasya mano yatra saMlagnaM' ke AdhAra para yatheccharUpa meM kramollekha kiyA hai / 'zivasaMhitA' meM mantrayoga ko prathama mAnA hai| isake bAda haThayoga, layayoga tathA rAjayoga kA krama hai| prastuta lekha meM hameM mantra-yoga kI sarvatobhadra sAdhanA ke sambandha meM hI adhika vicAra karanA abhISTa hai, ataH hama yahA~ 'mantra-yoga' kI hI viziSTa carcA kareMge / mantrayoga ke zAstrakAroM ne solaha aga batalAye haiM : 1. bhakti, 2. zuddhi, 3. Asana, 4. paJcAGga sevana, 5. AcAra, 6. dhAraNA, 7. divyadeza sevana, 8. prANakriyA, 9. mudrA, 10. tarpaNa, 11. havana, 12. bali, 13. yAga, 14. japa, 15. dhyAna tathA 16. samAdhi' / jisa prakAra candramA kI solaha kalAe~ sundara aura amRta pradAyinI haiM, usI prakAra ye aMga bho siddhiprada haiN| ina aMgoM kA vistRta paricaya bho Avazyaka hai| 1. bhakti-paramAtmA ke prati samarpaNa bhAva / 2. zuddhi-Antarika evaM bAhya sarvavidha zuddhatA / 3. Asanasva-svasAdhya karmAnusAra zAstrAkta baiThane ko vidhi / 4. paJcAGga sevana-kavaca, paTala, paddhati, sahasranAma aura stotra kA pATha tathA inameM kathita vidhiyoM kA pAlana / 5. AcAra-sampradAyokta AcaraNoM kA anusaraNa / 6. dhAraNA-yogazAstrIya dhAraNAoM meM niSThA / 7. divyadeza-sevana-puNyatIrtha, puNyapITha tathA pavitra pradezoM meM nivAsa athavA yAtrA / 8. prANakriyA-prANAyAma / 9. mudrA-devatAoM ke samakSa unake Ayudha Adi kI AkRtiyoM kA pradarzana / 10. tapaMNaiSTadeva kI prasannatA ke liye unake nAmamantrAdi se tapaNa / 11. havana-homa / 12. bali-naivedya / 13. yAga-pUjA / 14. japa-mantrajapa / 15. dhyAna-iSTadeva ko AkRti-svarUpa kA dhyAna tathA 16. samAdhi-iSTa ke cintana meM tallInatA / ye sAlaha aMga mantrayAga ke bAhya ora Antarika kartavyoM kA nirdeza karate haiN| inake anusAra pratyeka aMga ko apanI-apanI viziSTa prakriyAe~ haiM, prakAra haiM tathA sthUla evaM sUkSma bheda haiM / jaba kiso bho mantra kA japa karanA ho, to uttama guru se usakI dIkSA avazya grahaNa karanI caahie| dokSA prApta kara lene ke pazcAt prApta mantra kA purazcaraNa karanA aura mantra ke aGga-upAGgoM kA yathAvidhi japa karate hae usa purazcaraNa ke dazAMza krama se havana, tapaMNa, mArjana aura atithibhojanAdi ke vidhAnoM ko bhI sampanna karanA cAhie / yoga ke ATha aGgoM meM kramazaH 'yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi' kA jo upadeza hai, vaha sabhI kriyAoM meM iSTa-mantra kA yoga karate hae prayoga karanA bhI batalAtA hai| tAntrika yoga kI yahI vizeSatA hai ki vaha kevala kriyAoM para hI nirbhara na rahakara 'tajjapastadarthabhAvanam' para bhI adhika bala detA hai| koI bhI kriyA mantra ke sahayoga ke binA sampanna nahIM hotii| mantra kA artha 'manana-kriyA ke dvArA trANa-zakti kA udabodhana' mAnA

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3] mantra yoga aura usakI sarvatobhadra sAdhanA 213 gayA hai / yahA~ manana dharmitA hI usa zakti ko pradAna karatI hai| manana ke liye mana kA niyamana nitAnta apekSita hai kyoMki "mana eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM bandhamokSayoH" aura "caJcalaM hi manaH kRSNa pramAthi balavaddRDham" ke anusAra isakI caJcalatA bhI durdamya hai| ataH manana para ho mantra kI siddhi nirbhara hai| isase ho cittavRtti kA nirodha hokara AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke dvAra khulate haiM tathA Atma-vikAsa kA patha prazasta hotA hai / isaliye kahA gayA hai ki mantroM ke japa se, yoga, pAraNA, dhyAna, vyAsa evaM pUjana se jo siddhiyA~ upalabdha hotI haiM, ve akalpita aura cirakAla sukha dene vAlI haiM / anta meM ve brahmapada kI prApti meM bhI sahAyatA karane vAlI hai| mantrayoga ke sAtha ke liye japa kI prakriyAoM kA yoga ko prakriyAoM ke sAtha tAdAtmya-sthApana bhI Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| yaha tAdAtmya Atma zarIra kI racanA ko mantra varNoM se samanvita mAnakara use varNAtmaka svarUpa pradAna karane se sambhava hotA hai| vastutaH yoga-sAdhanA meM pravRtta hone se pahale ho zarIratattva kA jJAna prApta karanA atyAvazyaka hai| pratyeka jIva kA zarIra zukra, rakta, majjA, meda, mAMsa, asthi aura tvagrUpa saptadhAtuoM se banA hai| pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu aura AkAza se kAraNa yaha paJcabhUtAtmaka bhI hai / isI kAraNa isameM pratyeka bhUta ke adhiSThAna ke liye svatantra sthAna 'cakra' kahate haiN| ataH yogI mUlAdhArAdi Antarika cakroM meM paJcabhUtoM kA bhUtAtmaka zarIra meM anyatra bhI kucha cakra haiM, jaise lalATadeza meM 'AjJAcakra' hai / isameM paJcatanmAtra tattva, indriya tattva, citta aura mana kA sthAna hai / usake bhI Upara brahmarana meM eka 'zatadala cakra' haiM jisameM mahat tattva kA sthAna hai| isake Upara mahAzUnya meM vidyamAna 'sahasrAyala-va' hai jahAM prakRti-puruSa kAmezvaro aura puruSa pRthvI tatva meM prArambha karake kramazaH paramAtmA taka sabhI tatvoM kA ina cakroM kI mantrayogAtmaka sAdhanA meM pratyeka cakra ke mUla nAyaka deva, unake sAtha samanvaya karake japa karane kA vidhAna hai| ina cakroM ke sRSTi sAra japa karane se viziSTa lAbha hotA hai / haiM / inheM yaugika bhASA meM inake atirikta isa pa kAmezvara paramAtmA' virAjamAna hai| bAgo isa bhautika zarIra meM, dhyAna kiyA karate haiN| unakI adhiSThAtrI devo tathA apane iSTamantra kA sthiti aura saMhAra kramoM kA jJAna karake karmA 1 yukta hone ke niyata kiye gaye dhyAna karate haiN| hai zAstrakAroM ne mantroccAra ke mukhagata pA~ca avayavoM ko bhI paJcabhUtAtmaka batalAyA hai| oTha-pRthvI tattvAtmaka hai, jillA jala tatvAtmaka, dA~ta agni tattvAtmaka, tAlu vAyu tatvAtmaka aura kaNTha AkAza tatvAtmaka hai| mantroM ke akSaroM kA uccAraNa inhIM pA~ca sthAnoM se hotA hai, ataH uparyukta jJAnapUrvaka uccarita varga apane-apane tatva ko prabala banAte haiM tathA tadanusAra hI phala bhI dete haiN| zarIra rUpI brahmANDa ke antargata dona brahmANDa haiN| zarIra kA madhyama bhAga 'svahmANDa ' hai, Upara kA bhAga 'parAbrahmANDa hai tathA adhobhAga 'aparabrahmANDa ' svabrahmANDa kA sambandha virAT tatva se parA brahmANDa kA vidyut tatva se aura aparAhmANDa kA zUnya tattva se hai| sva meM kAraNa zaktiyAM parA meM sUkSma zaktiyA~ evaM sthUla zaktiyA~ vAsa karatI haiN| mantroM ke jina akSaroM athavA zabdoM se sva meM prakampana hotA hai, unase zUnyantasva sambandhita sthUla zaktiyoM kA vikAsa hotA hai| udAharaNa ke liye 'aiM' ke uccAraNa se parA meM prakampana hotA hai, ataH usake uccAraNa se sUkSma zaktiyoM jAgRta hotI haiM, 'hrIM' ke uccAraNa se sva meM se kAraNa zaktiyA~ udbuddha hotI haiM 'zrI" ke uccAraNa se ArA meM prakampana / hotI haiN| ye zaktiyAM jaba pUrNarUpa se jAgRta ho jAtI hai, to ye sAdhaka ke sammukha prakaTa hokara yatheSTa phala detI hai| aparA meM prakampana hotA hai, ataH usake uccAraNa hotA hai, jisase sthUla zaktiyA~ prabuddha bhAvAnusAra eka vizeSa rUpa dhAraNa kara usake 'zabdayoga aura vAgyoga' bhI mantra sAdhanA ke ho prakAroM meM Ate haiM / zaivAgamoM ke antargata 'vyAkaraNAgama' meM isa yoga kI sAdhanA kA paricaya milatA hai| isameM vyAkRta zabda kA vaikharI dazA se madhyamA meM utara kara pazyantI meM praveza hI yoga sAdhanA kA mukhya lakSya hai / pazyantI dazA se parA-dazA meM avyAkRta pada meM gati aura sthiti svAbhAvika niyamAnusAra svataH hI hotI hai| ve kisI sAdhanA ke Antarika lakSya nahIM hote kintu vaikharI ke skendriya prAhma zabda

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214 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa vizeSa meM mizrAvasthA ke kAraNa asaMkhya Agantuka mala rahate haiM jinakA zodhana gurudarzita mArga se hotA hai aura vaha saMskRta zabda zakti rUpa se prakAzita hokara kAmadhenu bana jAtA hai| usakI yaha kAmadhenu rUpatA samasta kAmanAoM kI pUrti karatI hai / zabda-mamaM ke jJAtA vasiSThAdi maharSi isI 'zabdayoga' kI sAdhanA se alaukika zakti sampanna the / isakI prakriyA meM mantravarNaM athavA bIja mantroM ke nirantara Avartana se vaikharI zabda ke sabhI mala ghula jAte haiM, taba iDA piMgalA kA staMbhana hotA hai aura suSumnA kA mArga kucha unmukta ho jAtA hai / tatpazcAt prANazakti kI sahAyatA se zoSita zabda zakti brahmapatha kA Azraya lekara kramazaH UrdhvagAminI hotI haiM / yahI zabda kI sUkSmA aura madhyamA avasthA hai / isI avasthA meM anAhatanAda hotA hai / sthUla zabda isake virAT pravAha meM DUbakara usase pUrNa hokara caitanya ko prApta karatA hai / yahI mantra- caitanya kA unmeSa hai / isa avasthA meM sAdhaka jIvamAtra kI citta vRtti ko aparokSabhAva se zabda rUpa meM jAna letA hai / deza - kAla kA vyavadhAna ise rokane meM samartha nahIM hotA / Agama zAstroM meM isI ko 'pazyantI vAk' kahA hai / ye sabhI kriyAe~ mantra yoga kI Antarika kriyAoM meM AtI haiM / bAhya-kriyAoM meM bhI mantra ke sahayoga se hRt - avasthita iSTadeva kI pratimA meM nAsArandhra se prazvAsapUrvaka aJjaligata puSpoM ke samarpaNa ke sAtha caitanya mUrti kA AvAhana hotA hai / tadanantara vibhinna nyAsoM ke dvArA devarUpa bane hue zarIra se devAcana kiyA jAtA hai| pUjA ke upakaraNoM meM pAtrAsAdana kI vidhi kA vizeSa mahattva hai| dhyAna pUrvaka AvAhita devatA kA saMsthApana, sannidhApana, sannirodhana, sammukhIkaraNa tathA avaguNThanasahita vandana, dhetu, yoni, hRdayAdi SaDaGga aura Ayudha mudrAoM kA darzana to yoga-mUlaka hI haiM / iSTa devatA kI pUjA sarvaprathama catuHpaSTa upacAroM kI kalpanA evaM maGgala - nIrAjana pUrvaka AvaraNa devatA athavA parivAra devatAoM kI kramika arcanA se sampanna hotI hai| ina pUjA vidhAnoM meM pratyeka ke sthAna, svarUpa, guNa, karmAdi kA dhyAna rakhate hue unake bIja mantroM aura mantroM ke sAtha pUjA hone se mana kI tallInatA itanI samunnata ho jAtI hai ki yaha kisI bhI yoga-sAdhanA se kama nahIM kahI jA sakatI / mantrayoga zAkta sampradAya meM mantra evaM yantra kA atyanta mahatva hai / pratyeka mantra ke bIjAkSaroM meM una-una devatAoM ke nAma, rUpa, guNa aura karma kA bodha upAsanA ke kramAnusAra hotA hai / bindu, trikoNa, paJcakoNa, vRtta Adi eka athavA aneka AkRtiyoM meM likhita hone para vaha devatA kI AkRti kA bodhaka 'yantra' kahalAtA hai / devatA ke sampUrNa svarUpa kA usa bindu koNAtmaka AkRti meM niyantraNa hone se bhI use yantra kahA jAtA hai / 'yantro devAlayaH proktaH ' yaha bhI prasiddha / meM hI hai / yantra aura devatA meM abheda jJAna hI 'yantrayoga' hai isa zAstrAjJA ke anusAra kramazaH sAdhanA karate hue yantra kI pahale bAhya ArAdhanA, tadanantara deva svarUpa kI zarIra bhAvanA aura anta meM yantra kI zarIra meM bhAvanA karate hue aikya prApta kara brahmabhAva meM pahu~canA 'yantrayoga' kA lakSya hai| pratIka vidyA kI prAcIna paramparA meM yantra kI sRSTi paramAtmA kI sisRkSA ke dvArA huI hai / "maiM akelA hU~, bahuta banU~", isa sarjana kI icchA hote hI pUrNa-bindu se laghu binduoM kA ucchalana hotA hai jo icchA, jJAna aura kiyA ke rUpa meM tribindu rUpa hokara eka-dUsare ke prati AkarSaNa ke kAraNa trikoNAkAra meM pariNata ho jAte haiN| yaha trikoNa hI samasta yantroM kI AkRtiyoM meM antarnihita rahatA hai / isake madhya bindu meM iSTadeva svazakti- sahita virAjamAna rahate haiM / aise yantroM kI sAdhanA meM bhI pUrvokta parivAra devatAoM kI sthiti hone se unakI sAGgopAGga arcanA kI jAtI hai / yaha yaugika paddhati kI hI paripoSaka hai / yaha yantrayoga mantrayoga kA hI eka rUpa hai jo Alambana kA sAdhana banakara sAdhaka kI sahAyatA karatA hai / yantra-yoga kI yaha sAdhanA hI sarvatobhadra sAdhanA kahalAtI hai /

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khaMDa 4 jaina vidyAoM meM vaijJAnika tathya : samIkSaNa

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nAma sthApanA drvybhaavtstnyaasH| prmaannnyairdhigmH| nirdeshnsvaamitv-saadhn-adhikrnn-sthiti-vidhaantH| sat-saMkhyA-kSetra-sparzana-kAla-aMtara-bhAva-alpabahutvaizca / avgrhehaavaaydhaarnnH| vastu kA vivecana bAisa vaktavyatAoM athavA bosa prarUpaNAoM se kiyA jAtA hai| iyameva parIkSA yaH 'asyedamupapadyate na vA' iti vicaarH| dRSTAgamAbhyAmaviruddhaM arthaprarUpaNaM yuktyanuzAsanaM te /

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jaiva vidyAoM meM jJAna kA siddhAnta-2 jJAna prApti kI Agamika evaM Adhunika vidhiyoM kA tulanAtmaka samIkSaNa DA0 ena0 ela0 jaina jaina kendra, rIvA ( ma0pra0) jJAna prApti kI vidhi jaina zAstroM meM jJAna ke saMbaMdha meM 'jANadi' aura 'passadi' zabdoM kA prayoga AyA hai| TATiyA ne batAyA hai ki jJAna-maMthana ke prAraMbhika kAla meM ina donoM kriyAoM meM vizeSa aMtara nahIM mAnA jAtA thA kyoMki ye prAyaH sama-sAmayika thiiN| bAda meM yaha anubhava haA ki iMdriyoM kI kriyAyeM manojanya jJAna se pUrvavartI hotI haiM / isaliye bhautika jagata ke jJAna ke liye 'passadi' yA iMdriyajanya kriyAyeM adhika mahatvapUrNa ho giiN| ina iMdriyoM ko darzana yA sparzana kI prAkRtika zakti niyata hotI hai, anaMta nahIM / zakti ko Adhunika yuga meM vibhinna prakAra ke upakaraNoM kI sahAyatA se dasa lAkha gunA taka bar3hAyA jA sakatA hai / ina iMdriyoM se do prakAra se jJAna prApta kiyA jAtA hai : (1) svAdhigama vidhi aura (2) parAdhigama vidhi' / prathama vidhi pramANa aura naya rUpa se padArthoM kA jJAna karAtI hai| parAdhigama vidhi zAstra, Agama yA paropadeza se jJAna karAtI hai / yaha zrutajJAna kA hI rUpa hai / vastutaH naya bhI vacanAtmaka zruta kA hI rUpa hai| yaha pramANa kA eka ghaTaka hai kyoMki pramANa vastu ko samagra aMzoM meM jAnatA hai| vibhinna nayoM ke AdhAra para prApta jJAna ko saMzleSita kara pramANa use samagratA detA hai / naya vidhi vastu ke lakSaNa, prakRti, avasthA Adi guNoM kA sApekSa nirUpaNa zabda, artha aura upacAra se karatI hai / yaha pramANa se bhinna hotI hai para usakA eka aMza hone ke kAraNa vaha pramANa-svarUpa mAnI jAtI hai| kucha tAkika pramANa aura naya meM aMza aura aMzI ke AdhAra para abheda mAnate haiM para akalaMka aura vidyAnaMda-donoM ne isakA khaMDana kiyA hai| jahA~ pramANa samyaka anekAMta hai, vahIM naya samyak ekAMta hai / jahA~ pramANa sAmAnyavizeSAvabodhaka hotA hai, vahA~ naya vizeSAvabodhaka hotA hai| jahA~ pramANa vidhi-pratiSedhAtmaka rUpa se vastu ko grahaNa karatA hai, vahA~ naya use dharmasApekSa ke rUpa se grahaNa karatA haiN| nirapekSatA naya kA dUSaNa hai, sApekSatA usakA bhUSaNa hai| anekAnta pramANa kA praharI hai / nayavAda vicAroM meM udAratA prerita karatA hai, pramANavAda usameM samagratA lAtA hai| naya laukika svarUpa kA bodha karatA hai aura pramANa usake sarvAMgINa alaukika svarUpa kA avagama karAtA hai| svAdhigama vidhi ko prayoga vidhi bhI kaha sakate hai kyoMki isameM svayaM hI aneka prakAra ke vAhya aura antaraMga nimitta se darzana (nirIkSaNa yA svAnubhati) yA prayoga karane par3ate haiN| isake viparyAsa meM, parAdhigama vidhi parakRta prayoga evaM niSkarSa ke AdhAra para hI pratiSThita rahatI hai / kisI bhI vastu ke viSaya meM, uparokta kisI bhI vidhi se jJAna kyoM na kiyA jAve, vaha vibhinna zIrSakoM ke antargata hI kiyA jAtA hai / umAsvAti ne ina koTiyoM kI gaNanA do rUpoM meM pradarzita kI hai-chaha aura ATha (saarnnii1)| inheM anuyoga dvAra yA adhigama dvAra kahA jAtA hai| donoM hI rUpoM meM paribhASika zabdAvalo kucha bhinna pratIta hotI hai para unake arthoM meM punarukti pratIta hotI hai| isIliye pUjyapAda ne kahA hai ki ye vibhinna rUpa jijJAsuoM kI yogyatA evaM 28

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218 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa abhiprAya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara batAye gaye haiM / inameM cAroM prakAra ko nikSepa vidhi evaM pramANa-naya-adhigama vidhi samAhita ho jAtI hai / prajJApanA aura jovAbhigama meM 22 zIrSakoM (vaktavyatAoM) kA ullekha hai| sAraNI 1 : anuyoga dvAra (1) prathama prarUpa (2) dvitIya prarUpa (3) vaijJAnika prarUpa sat nAma tayArI, prApti vidhi nirdeza sAdhana (utpAdaka kAraNa) vidhAna (vargIkaraNa) adhikaraNa sthiti svAmitva saMkhyA, alpabahutva kSetra, sparzana kAla, aMtara bhAva upayoga bhautika jagata ke mAna ke vividha rUpa aura matinAna sAmAnyataH laukika aura bhautika jagata ke jJAna ke liye pratyakSa (mati, laukika pratyakSa) aura parokSa (smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura Agama yA zruta) jJAna kAma Ate haiN| isameM zruta parAdhigama ke rUpa meM prayukta hotA hai| ise hama jJAta jJAna kA abhilekha bhI kaha sakate haiM jo use surakSita rakhatA hai aura prasArita karatA hai / yaha jJAna pravAha kI gatizIlatA meM vizeSa yogadAna to nahIM karatA para usake abhivardhana meM preraka avazya hotA hai| yaha zrata mati-pUrvaka hotA hai aura yaha pUrva-zruta-pUrvaka bhI ho sakatA hai| isa dRSTi se to matijJAna mahatvapUrNa hai ho; sAtha hI, vaha isa daSTi se aura bhI adhika mahatvapUrNa hai ki isake binA smRti Adi parokSa jJAna bhI nahIM ho sakate / ina sabhI meM, kisI na ki matijJAna vIja rUpa meM hotA hai / ataH sAmAnya jana ke liye jJAna kA sarvaprathama sAdhana mati jJAna hI hai / matijJAna indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se hotA hai| phalataH indriya jJAna kA mahatva svayaM siddha haiM / isIliye inake vipaya meM zAstroM meM paryAsa carcA AI hai| isake antargata isase hone vAle vastu-jJAna ke vividha prakAra aura jJAna prApti ke vividha caraNa aura unake sUkSma-sthUla bhedoM kA vivaraNa samAhita hai| phalataH matijJAna kaise hotA hai aura usa jJAna prApti meM kitane caraNa hote haiM-ina aura anya tathyoM kA parijJAna atyanta rocaka viSaya hai kyoMki vartamAna vaijJAnika jJAna kI prakriyA bhI matijJAna kA hI eka rUpa hai / ataH ina donoM kI tulanA aura bhI manoraMjaka siddha hogii| . zAstroM meM matijJAna ke 336, 384 yA 456 bheda, vibhinna vivakSAoM se, batAye gaye haiN| inameM ve caraNa bhI ta hai jo jJAna prApti ko prakriyA meM saMpanna hote haiN| inheM sAraNo 2 meM diyA gayA gayA hai| ina bhedoM se matijJAna ke sambandha meM prAyaH sabhI Avazyaka jAnakArI ho jAtI hai| ina bhedoM ko do pramakha koTiyoM meM vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA -(i) utpAdaka sAdhana aura (i) svruup| svarUpa kI daSTi se matijJAna ke 48 bheda hote haiM aura sAdhana ke AdhAra para 288, 336 yA 408 bheda hote haiN| matijJAna ke utpAdaka sAdhanoM meM pA~ca indriya aura mana haiN| inase vastu kA jJAna avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ke cAra kramika caraNoM meM bAraha rUpoM meM hotA hai| isa prakAra 644412288 bheda to sAmAnya rUpa se ho jAte haiN| isake atirikta, avagraha ke do bheda haiM-vyaMjanAvagraha aura arthAvagraha / uparoka 288 bheda arthAvagraha kI dRSTi se haiN| yaha mAnA gayA hai ki vyaMjanAgraha cakSu aura mana ko chor3a cAra anya prApyakArI indriyoM se hI hotA hai, ataH isake 44 12 %D48 bheda pRthak se hue| aba matijJAna ke kula bheda 288+48%3D 336 ho jAte haiN| aba yadi arthAvagraha ke bho do bhedoM-upacarita aura nirupacarita-ko isa vargIkaraNa meM samAhita

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4 ]] jJAna prApti kI Agamika evaM Adhunika vidhiyoM kA tulanAtmaka samIkSaNa 219 kiyA jAve, to isake bhI 6 x 12 = 72 bheda hoMge / isa prakAra sampUrNa bheda 336 + 72 = 408 ho jAte haiM / akalaMka ne matijJAna ke dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ke rUpa meM cAra bheda aura ginAye haiM / ye svarUpagata bheda haiM / inake 4412=48 prakAra hue| isa prakAra ke matijJAna ke kula 456 bheda ho jAte haiN| akalaMka ko chor3akara prAyaH sabhI digambara aura zvetAmbara granthakAroM ne nirupacarita arthAvagraha ke 72 bheda tathA svarUpa viSayaka 48 bheda nahIM ginAye haiM aura Agamika paramparAnusAra 336 bhedoM ko hI varNita kiyA hai| saMghavI ne batAyA hai ki AgamoM meM matijJAna ke bhedoM kA vivaraNa sthUla rUpa meM hI diyA gayA hai| vastutaH aisA pratIta hotA hai ki avyaktatA evaM durjJeyatA ke kAraNa zAstroM meM nirupacarita arthAvagraha Adi ke bheda nahIM diye gaye haiM / lekina yaha spaSTa hai ki viSayoM kI vividhatA tathA jJAnotpAdI sApanoM kI agaNitatA ke AdhAra para matijJAna ke asaMkhya bheda kiye jA sakate haiN| sAraNI 2 matijJAna ke bheva prabheda matijJAna 1 J utpAdaka sAdhana 2 1 spardhana rasanA 1 1 avagraha IhA 1 janAvagraha (4) | ghrANa 7 cakSu | 4 zrotra mana 1 avAya | dhAraNA 1 arthAvagraha ( 2 ) 1 dravya 1 kSetra | svarUpa 1 | kAla 12 bheda (bahu Adi) matijJAna jJAna prApti kI prakriyA ke pAMca caraNa jaina zAstroM ke anusAra, kisI bhI vastu ke viSaya meM samucita jJAna prApta karane ke liye pA~ca caraNa hote hai(i) darzana (ii) avagraha, (iii) IhA, (iv) avAya, (v) dhAraNA yaha spaSTa hai ki sAmAnya jJAna darzanapUrvaka hotA hai| ataH darzana jJAna prApti prakriyA kA prathama caraNa hai / yaha pada Agamika aura dArzanika yuga meM vibhinna rUpoM meM paribhASita huA hai| yadyapi dArzanika paribhASA ko sthUla kahA gayA hai, phira bhI yahI hamAre liye sarvAdhika upayogI hai / isake anusAra, indriya aura artha ke prathama samparka ke samaya jo nirAkAra, sAmAnya sattAvagrAhI, "kucha hai" ke samAna avalokana hotA hai, use darzana kahate haiN| tatkAla janme bAlaka ke AMkha kholate hI hone vAle prathama avalokana ke samAna vastuvizeSa kI agrAhI, sAmAnya vastumAtragrAhI prakriyA darzana hai| yaha prakriyA na saMzayAtmaka hai, na viparyayAtmaka hai aura na akiMcitkara hI hai| yaha mithyAjJAna nahIM hai, para yaha samyag jJAna bhI nahIM hai| isameM vastu kI AkArAdi vizeSatAoM kA bodha nahIM hotA / ataH darzana meM jJAnAtmakatA nahIM hai, phira bhI ise jJAna kA bIja to mAnA hI jA sakatA hai| isI AdhAra para isameM jJAnAtmakatA upacArata: hI svIkRta hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki akalaMka ke anusAra, darzana mImAMsakoM ke 'AlocanA jJAna' yA bauddhoM ke | bhAva I

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220 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa 'nirvikalpaka jJAna' ke samatulya hai| jinabhadra isa jJAna ko 'vyaMjanAvagraha' mAnate haiM, jabaki siddhasena ise arthAvagraha kA pUrvavartI mAnate haiM / isase spaSTa hai ki cakSu-mana ke atirikta cAroM indriyoM se hone vAlA vyaMjanAvagraha darzana kI koTi meM nahIM aataa| lekina siddhasena ke anusAra, darzana aura jJAna kI prakriyA sama-sAmayika hotI hai aura sAdhanabheda hone para bhI vyaMjanAvagraha aura darzana kI koTi samatulya hai / parantu darzanapUrvaka jJAna kI mAnyatA se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki aneka dArzanika siddhasena ke mata ko nahIM maante| ve darzana ko padArtha aura indriya ke samparka se pUrvavartI prakriyA mAnate haiN| yaha mata sahaja bo hotA / isase 'darzana' anupayogI siddha hotA hai| ataH ise 'arthAvagraha kI pUrvaprakriyA mAnanA adhika tarkasaMgata lagatA hai| indriya aura padArtha ke prathana samparka ke uparAnta kucha samayoM meM aneka bAra vastu darzana hotA hai, taba kiMcita mana ke yoga se vastu ke AkAra, rUpa Adi kucha vizeSatAoM kA jJAna hotA hai| isa sthiti meM darzana kI prakriyA 'avagraha' nAmaka dUsare caraNa kA rUpa le letI hai / isa prakAra padArtha-viSayaka vikalpa buddhi avagraha kahalAtI hai| yaha caraNa uttaravartI caraNoM kA preraka hai aura jJAna ko pUrNa tathA viziSTa nizcayAtmaka rUpa dene meM sahAyaka hai| avagraha-grahIta jAti-sAmAnya ke rUpa meM vikalpita padArthoM ke viSaya meM vizeSa jJAna prApta karane kI jijJAsA yA vicAraNA IhA nAmaka caraNa hai| sapheda rUpa ko dekhakara yaha bagulA hai yA pataMga-rUpa saMzaya hotA hai, rassI-sarpa saMzaya hotA hai| isake liye bAra-bAra darzana evaM avagraha kI prakriyA apanAI jAtI hai aura phira mAnasika vizleSaNa dvArA nizcayonmakhatA kI ora pravatti hotI hai| yaha IhA-pravRtti avagraha prakriyA kA kArya hai evaM jJAna-prakriyA kA tIsarA caraNa hai / IhA meM kiye gaye bauddhika vizleSaNa se nirNayAtmaka niSkarSa para pahu~cane ke caraNa ko 'avAya' kahate haiN| yaha cauthA caraNa hai / avAya prakriyA se nirNIta vastu ko kAlAntara meM smaraNa rakhane yA vismata na karane kI yogyatA yA prakriyA ko 'dhAraNA' nAmaka pA~cavAM caraNa kahate haiN| yaha smaraNAtmaka jJAna hI bAda meM akSarAtmaka zruta kA rUpa letA hai| avAya ke samAna dhAraNA bhI mukhyataH mana yA buddhi-vyApAra hai| ina pA~coM caraNoM kA saMkSepaNa sAraNI 3 meM diyA gayA hai / zAstroM meM batAyA gayA hai ki yathArtha jJAna kI sthiti meM ye pA~coM sAraNI 3 : jJAna prApti ke pAMca caraNoM kA saMkSepaNa darzana avagraha IhA avAya dhAraNA 1. svarUpa vastu sAmAnya kA vastu sAmAnya kA vastu vizeSa kI vastu vizeSa kA smaraNa jJAna pahicAna ke liye nirNaya kSamatA bauddhika vizleSaNa 2. prakRti darzana rUpa darzana + jJAna rUpa mano-vyApAra mano-vyApara jJAna rUpa 3. bheda cAra (cakSu, acakSu, (artha, vyaMjana) avadhi, manaH paryaya) 4. sAdhana indriya-artha kA indriya-artha kA avagraha grahota mano-vyApAra manaH saMskAra prathama samparka samparka + kiMcit para mano-vyApAra mano-vyApAra 5. sthAyitva asaMkhyAta eka samaya, asaMkhyAta antarmuhUrta antarmuhUrta asaM0 samaya samaya samaya 6. kArya darzana darzana + jJAna vizleSaNAtmaka nirNaya vAsanA 7. udAharaNa kucha hai rUpamAtra hai sapheda-kAle rUpa zveta rUpa hai kA vizleSaNa darzana do ...

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4] jJAna prApti kI Agamika evaM Adhunika vidhiyoM kA tulanAtmaka samIkSaNa 221 caraNa kramazaH hote haiN| abhyAsa yA anya kAraNoM se aneka bAra ina caraNoM kA sUkSya kAla bheda pratIta nahIM hotA aura tatkAla avAya jJAna hI hotA dIkhatA hai| sAmAnya dazAoM meM sabhI caraNa pUrNa na hone para jJAna nirNayAtmaka evaM yathArtha nahIM hotaa| ina caraNoM kA zAstrIya vivecana anyatra diyA jA rahA hai| matimAna ko viSaya vastu ke vividha rUpa __ uparokta avagraha Adi caraNoM ke krama se pUrvokta anuyoga dvAroM ke mAdhyama se padArthoM ke viSaya meM jJAna kiyA jAtA hai / yaha jJAna indriyagamya rUpoM kI vividhatA tathA jJAna prApti ke nimittoM ( buddhipaTutA yA kSayopazama ) ko taratamatA para AdhArita hotA hai / indriya rUpa ke AdhAra para padArtha ( ataeva unakA jJAna ) chaha prakAra ke ho sakate haiM : (i) eka, ekavidha, bahu, bahuvidha, niHsRta aura anisRta buddhi ko paTutA ke AdhAra para bhI jJAna chaha koTiyoM se ho sakatA hai : (ii) kSipra, akSipra, ukta, anukta, dhruva, adhruva avagrahAdika pratyeka caraNa se ina bAraha rUpoM meM jJAna prApta hotA hai| inakA nirUpaNa sAraNI 4 meM diyA gayA hai| inakI paribhASA va udAharaNoM se pratIta hotA hai ki ina bhedoM meM paryApta punarAvRtti hai / yadi ye bheda na bhI hote, sAraNI 4 : padArthoM ke jJAna ke vividha rUpa : matijJAna nAma artha udAharaNa 1. bahu sAmAnya saMkhyA, parimANa bAjAra meM bahuta gehU~ hai (taula, parimANa, saMkhyA meM) 2. bahuvidha guNAtmaka vividhatAoM kI saMkhyA, parimANa zarabatI gehU~ bahuta hai 3. eka saMkhyA, parimANa eka ghor3A, gau Adi 4. ekavidha guNAtmaka vividhatA kI saMkhyA, parimANa yahA~ paMjAbI gau eka hai aniHsRta eka deza ke AdhAra para sarvadezI padArtha kA jala-nimagna hAthI kI sUMDa dekhakara jJAna, smRti Adi se jJAna hAthI kA jJAna 6. niHsRta sarvadeza ke AdhAra para padArtha kA jJAna, gAya dekhakara gau-jJAna svataH jJAna 7. kSipra (i) ativegI padArtha kA jJAna pravAhI jaladhArA (ii) zIghra jJAna 8. a-kSipra (i) mandagatika padArtha kA jJAna carAgAha se lauTate hue pazuoM (ii) derI se hone vAlA jJAna kA jJAna (i) sthira padArthoM kA jJAna pavaMta, vRkSa Adi (ii) eka rUpa yA yathArtha jJAna adhruva (i) asthira padArthoM kA jJAna ur3ate-baiThate pakSI kA jJAna dUsaroM ke kahane para hone vAlA jJAna 'yaha gau hai', sunakara gAya kA jJAna (asaMdigdha) 12. anukta svayaM hI socakara abhiprAya mAtra 'agni lAo' sunakara khapare para (saMdigdha) se jJAna agni jalate hue kaNDe kA lAnA * zvetAmbara mAnyatA meM 5-6 va 11-12 rUpoM ke kucha bhinna nAma va artha hai / ukta

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222] paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstro sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa to bhI kAma cala sakatA thaa| kabhI-kabhI vargIkaraNa kI antahIna prakriyA bhrAnti aura aspaSTatA ko bhI janma detI hai / zAstroM meM batAyA gayA hai ki bahaAdi bheda padArthoM ke hI hote haiM, para ina bhedoM kA anuyoga dvAroM se koI sambandha ullikhita nahIM hai| isake bAvajUda bhI jainAcAryoM ne padArthoM ko jina vividha rUpoM se avalokita kiyA hai, vaha anya darzanoM meM nahIM pAye jAte / ataH unakI avalokana kSamatA ko apUrvatA to svIkAra karanI cAhiye / __ matijJAna ke uparokta rUpa sAmAnya jJAna kI dRSTi se batAye gaye haiN| inase chahoM dravyoM kA parijJAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| parantu indriya-mana janya hone se matijJAna kI kucha sImAeM haiN| isIliye jaba jIva yA cetana dravya kA jJAna karanA par3atA hai, to usake vivaraNa ko 7 dravyAtmaka evaM 7 bhAvAtmaka-kUla 14 mArgaNA dvAroM se nirUpita kiyA jAtA hai| ye dvAra bhI jaina darzana kI vizeSatA hai / jJAna prAti ke caraNoM kI smiikssaa| jJAna prApti ke uparokta caraNoM evaM jJAna ke rUpoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki isake liye indriya-samparkAtmaka nirIkSaNa, darzana aura buddhi vyApAra Avazyaka hai / Adhunika yuga meM vijJAna kI paribhASA bhI isI prakriyA para AdhArita hai / yaha bhI indriyaja yA yaMtraja nirIkSaNoM se saMgata buddhi vyApAra kA pariNAma kahA jAtA hai| jJAna prApti kI uparokta pAMca prakriyAeM unhIM caraNoM ke samakakSa haiM, jinheM vaijJAnika anusaraNa karate haiM / vaijJAnika prakriyA meM prayoga, nirIkSaNa, vargIkaraNa, niSkarSa, upakalpanA yA niyamIkaraNa ke pA~ca caraNa hote haiM / inheM nimna prakAra se zAstrIya caraNoM se samakakSatA dI jA sakatI hai : zAstrIya caraNa vaijJAnika caraNa (i) darzana prayoga (ii) avagraha nirIkSaNa (iii) IhA vargIkaraNa (iv) avAya niSkarSa, upakalpatA (v) dhAraNA niyamIkaraNa, saMprasAraNa isase yaha spaSTa hai ki purAtana yA zAstrIya yuga meM bhautika jagata saMbaMdhI jJAna kI prApti ke liye Adhunika prakriyA hI apanAI jAtI rahI hai| yahI nahIM, matijJAna ke 336-456 bheda yaha batAte haiM ki yadyapi usa yaga meM yAMtrika yaktiyAM nahIM thIM, phira bhI bauddhika evaM iMdriyaja tIkSNatA paryApta thii| yaha mAnyatA bhI sahaja thI ki iMdriya evaM badi ke mamaya hone para jo jJAna hogA. vaha nirdoSa evaM yathArtha hogA / bhautika jagata saMbaMdhI Agamika aura zAstrIya vivaraNoM kA ka prakriyA hai / isaliye ina vivaraNoM kI Adhunika mAnyatAoM se tulanA karanA atyaMta rocaka anusaMdhAna kA viSaya hai / yaha AzA kI jA sakatI hai ki adhyayana vidhiyoM ke samAna hone se, donoM hI paddhatiyoM se prApta jJAna meM, kucha gauNa yA sUkSmatara vivaraNoM ko chor3a, vizeSa aMtara nahIM honA cAhiye / mAna-cAra yA anuyoga dvAroM kA mUlyAMkana kisI bhI jJeya ke saMbaMdha meM vaijJAnika adhyayana karate samaya use kucha sAmAnya aura vizeSa zIrSakoM ke aMtargata vivecita kiyA jAtA hai| zAstrIya yuga meM bhI yahI paddhati apanAI jAtI thI aura una zIrSakoM ko sAraNI 1 ke samAna chaha yA ATha rUpoM meM nirdezita kiyA gayA hai / vaijJAnika dRSTi se inheM cAra mukhya zIrSakoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai (3) nAma (sat yA nirdeza), (ii) tayArI, prAptividhi (sAdhana), (i) guNa ( adhikaraNa, sthiti, kSetra, sparzana, kAla, aMtara, saMkhyA, alpa bahutva ) aura (iv) upayoga yA upabhoktA ( bhAva ) / zAstrIya zIrSakoM ke aMtargata ajIva tatva ke vivaraNa, akalaMka ne sAraNI 5 ke samAna diye haiN| isa sAraNI meM etatsaMbaMdhI Adhunika vivaraNa bhI diye gaye haiN| ina

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jJAna prApti kI Agamika evaM Adhunika vidhiyoM kA tulanAtmaka samonaga 223 vivaraNoM kI tulanA se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki ajova tatva kI paribhASA karane meM ho kAphI aMtara hai / yadyapi jovana-UrjA ke aMtargata aneka vaijJAnika prakriyAyeM samAhita mAno jA sakatI haiM, para zAstroM meM unakA vivaraNa guNAtmaka hI adhika hai, usameM parimANAtmakatA evaM sakSamatA kama hai| isake atirika. vibhinna zorSakoM ke aMtargata prApta vivaraNa bhautika adhika haiM, unameM rAsAyanika prakramoM kA prAyaH abhAva hai| isa prakAra, jJAna-dvAroM evaM vidhiyoM meM vAhya samarUpatA ke bAvajUda bhI jJeya-saMbaMdhI zAstrIya evaM baijJAnika vivaraNoM meM kAphI antarAla pAyA jAtA hai| sAraNI 5 : vibhinna zIrSakoM ke antargata ajIva tattva ke zAstrIya evaM vaijJAnika vivaraNa zIrSaka zAkhIya vivaraNa vaijJAnika vivaraNa 1. nAma (nirdeza) 2. utpAdaka sAmagrI (sAdhana) ajIva-jisameM 10 prANa yA cetanA ajIva-jisameM proToplAjma, AhAra, na ho| visarga, janma, vikAsa, mRtyu, cayApacaya, anukUlana, saMvedanazIlatA, zvAsocchavAsa evaM svatogati na ho / aniyata AkAra, vistaar| (a) yaha aNu evaM paramANuoM ke saMyoga va yaha ajIva paramANuoM aura aNuoM ke viyoga se utpanna hotA hai / saMyoga-viyoga se utpanna hotA hai| (ba) dharma (Ithara), adharma (AkarSaNa), kabhI kabhI yaha sajIva padArthoM se bhI AkAza evaM kAla ke kAraNa gati, utpanna hotA hai ( rAkha Adi ) / sthiti, parivartana aura avagAhana (ba) Ithara Adi vAstavika nahIM haiM, mAtra hotA hai| nirdeza bindu haiN| 3. guNa (a) AdhAra (kSetra, sparzana) padArtha AkAza, anya dravyoM evaM svayaM meM padArthoM ke AdhAra, sthiti, bheda-prabheda, adhiSThita hotA hai| AkAra, vistAra aneka prakAra ke hote yaha eka se anaMta samaya taka banA rahatA haiM aura parivartI hote haiN| (ba) sthiti (Ayu) (sa) bheda-prabheda yaha aneka prakAra se eka se asaMkhyAta (vidhAna) rUpoM meM vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| (da) padArthoM yA ajova se jova ko utpatti saMbhava hai| 4. upayoga padArtha jIva evaM ajIva-sabhI ke liye ajIva padArtha jIvana evaM jIva-donoM ke (svAmitva) vividha rUpoM meM upayogI hotA hai| liye upayogI hotA hai| jJAna prApti meM sahayogI kAraka jJAnaprApti ke liye upayogI caraNoM meM prathama caraNa sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa hai / isake anusAra, kisI vastu ke viSaya meM jJAna prApta karane ke liye kama se kama do mukhya kAraka hone cAhie-iMdriyAM aura padArtha yA jJeya vastu / ina donoM ke madhya saMparka ke liye prakAza bhI honA cAhiye / anya kAraka bhI ho sakate haiN| sarvaprathama yaha saMparka ina aneka kArakoM kI upasthiti meM bhautika iMdriyoM evaM padArtha ke bIca hotA hai| isa saMparka se bhAvendriyAM uttejita hotI hai aura ve isa saMparka kI

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224 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda granya [khaNDa sUcanA mastiSka ko pahu~cAtI haiM / mastiSka vastu-jJAna karAtA hai / aneka vAhma aura AbhyaMtara kAraNoM se hone vAlI sahaja jJAna kI yaha prakriyA nyAyadarzana ne svIkAra kI hai| lekina jainoM ne jJAnotpAdaka kAraNoM ko do koTiyoM meM spaSTataH vibhAjita kiyA hai : mukhya aura sahayogI'1 / jJAna kA mukhya kAraka to jIva yA AemA hI hai, kyoMki sabhI kArakoM kI upasthiti meM bhI isake binA jJAna saMbhava nahIM hotA / anya kAraka ajIva hote haiM aura ve sahayogI kAraka kahalAte haiM / inameM sajIvatA ke gaNa adhyAropita nahIM kiye jA sakate / ye zarIrastha jIva ke parivezI karmoM ke AvaraNa ko naSTa yA dUra kara jJAna meM sahAyaka hote haiM / jJAna ke viSaya meM yaha parA-prAkRtika pravRtti jaina jJAna-siddhAMta kI hI vizeSatA hai| karmoM ke AvaraNa ke dUra hone para AtmA meM prAtibha prakRti prakaTa hotI hai aura isaliye jJAna atIdriya ho jAtA hai| ataeva jainoM ke liye iMdriyAM, mana, prakAza aura svayaM jJeya vastu bhI jJAna ke dvitIyaka yA sahayogI kAraNa hote hai| jJAna-prAti ke kArakoM kA yaha vibhAjana jainoM kI etata viSayaka gahana aMtardaSTi kA AbhAsa detA hai| jJAna-prApti ke kSetra meM do prakAra ke kArakoM kI yaha dhAraNA bhautikavAdI vaijJAnikoM ke liye kiMcit pathavAhya laga sakatI hai| ve kaha sakate haiM ki mukhya kAraka kI dhAraNA ke vinA bhI jJAna saMbhava haiM, jJAna ke kSetra meM AtmA kA yaha anadhikAra praveza hai| lekina AtmavAdiyoM ke liye to jAnanA aura dekhanA uso kA kArya hai| isa tarka se jaina nyAyadarzana ke kAraka-sAkalyavAda ke jJAna ke siddhAnta ko amAnya karate haiN| lekina isa saMbaMdha meM jainoM ke kucha kathanoM kA spaSTIkaraNa Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai / unake jJAna-siddhAnta kI AdhArabhUta tIna mAnyatAyeM haiM: (i) cakSu aura mana aprApyakArI haiM / unakA padArthoM se saMparka nahIM hotaa| (ii) anya iMdriyoM kI tulanA meM cakSu sthUlatara jJeyoM ko dekhatI hai| (iii) AtmA sarvajJa hotA hai aura vaha trikAladarzI hotA hai| vaijJAnika mAnate haiM ki dekhane kI prakriyA meM cakSa eka kaimare ke samAna kArya karatI hai aura vaha prakAza ke mAdhyama se parokSa rUpa se vastu se saMpakita hokara hI usakA jJAna karAtI hai| isaliye cakSu kI aprApyakAritA kA artha ISat, AMzika yA parokSa prApyakAritA mAnanA caahiye| isase cakSu kI kriyA-paddhati viSayaka lupta vindu kI vyAkhyA ho jaavegii| isa AdhAra para cakSu kI aprApyakAritA vastutaH eka bahuta sthUla kathana hai| vaijJAnika to aMdhakAra ko bhI mAnava ke dRzya-prakAza parisara se bAhara kA prakAza hI mAnate haiM / yaha aMdha-prakAza billI aura ulla Adi tiryacoM kI dazyatA parisara meM AtA hai aura usakI AvRtti 4000degA se kama aura 8000degA se adhika hotI hai / isa viSaya meM anyatra vicAra kiyA gayA hai|16 jainoM ke anusAra, mana do prakAra kA hotA hai-dravyamana aura bhAvamana / dravyamana ko zarIra vijJAniyoM kA mastiSka mAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha hamAre zarIra taMtra kI zakti evaM kriyAoM kA bhaMDAragaha hai| yaha donoM prakAra se kAma karatA hai-yaha iMdriyoM se prApta saMvedanoM se tathA mAnasika prakriyAoM se utpanna saMvedanoM se prabhAvita hotA hai| vAstava meM, cakSa kI tulanA meM mastiSka kI prApyakAritA aura bhI adhika parokSa hotI hai / jainoM kA karma siddhAMta bhI isakI prApyakAritA ko ora saMketa detA hai| cakSu sthUlatara padArtha dekhatA hai, yaha bhI eka avyApta kathana pratIta hotA hai| anya iMdriyoM ke saMparka meM kevala ANavika saMracanA vAle adRzya padArtha hI Ate haiN| isake viparyAsa meM, cakSu prakAza, aMdhakAra, chAyA Adi ke sukSmatara pudgaloM ko bhI dekhatI hai / isa dRSTi se kunda-kunda ke aNu-vargokaraNa meM bhI eka visaMgati hai| vastutaH vaijJAnika dRSTi se cakSu aura cakSu-pUraka yaMtra hI dRzyatA yA sthUlatA aura sUkSmatA kI sImA nirdhArita karate haiN| AtmA kI sarvajJatA kA siddhAnta jJAna ke iMdriya-padArtha-saMparka-siddhAnta ke virodha meM jAtA hai / jainoM ke aneka siddhAnta aise hai jo Agama se prAmANya pAte haiN| unameM tAkikatA uttarakAla meM AI hai| cakSa kI aprApyakAritA evaM

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4] jJAna prApti kI Agamika evaM Adhunika vidhiyoM kA tulanAtmaka samIkSaNa 225 sarvajJatA ke siddhAnta isI koTi ke haiN| AcArAMga meM mahAvIra ko sarvajJa kahA gayA hai para buddha ne isako mAnyatA nahIM dii| vastutaH hama sarvajJatA ko jJAna ke uccatama sAmarthya kA bahirvezana mAna sakate hai| yaha saMbhava hai yA nahIM, yaha pRthaka prazna hai| samaMtabhadra, akalaMka Adi uttaravartI AcAryoM ne isakI saMbhAvanA ke pakSa meM aneka tarka diye hai / phira bhI, yadi ise atIndriya jJAnI mAnA jAtA hai aura use sUrya-candra Adi jyotigrahoM ke gati evaM grahaNa kI gaNanAoM ke AdhAra para siddha kiyA jAtA hai, to Adhunika dRSTi se yaha niSkarSa virodha kA hI samarthana kregaa| ina viSayoM para gaNita evaM jyotiSa zAstriyoM ne adhyayana kiye haiN| sAtha hI, jainoM ke Agama-lopa kI mAnyatA tathA usake kAraNoM kI samIkSA evaM unameM vidyamAna aneka bhautika tathyoM evaM gaNanAoM kI parivartanIyatA kI mAnyatA Agama-praNetAoM kI sarvajJatA ke prazna ko punarvicAra ke liye preriNa karatI hai| Adhunika buddhivAdI ko yaha mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai ki sarvajJa puruSoM kA jJAna atyaMta uccakoTi kA hogaa| samaMtabhadra tathA anya AcAryoM ne Agamika yA anya mAnyatAoM ko parIkSita kara hI svIkRta karane kA prazasta pathanirdeza diyA hai / yaha pravRtti hI jJAna ke vRkSa ke vikAsa ko prazasta karatI hai / mAna prApti ke parokSa rUpa : parokSa mati aura zrutajJAna . jainoM ke anusAra, matijJAna pratyakSa yA iMdriya janya (laukika) bhI hotA hai aura parokSa bhI hotA hai / yaha parokSa jJAna bhI pratyakSa ke samAna hI pramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai| smRti, saMjJA (pratyabhijJAna), cintA (taka) aura abhinibodha (anumAna)-ye cAra matijJAna ke parokSarUpa hai / ye sabhI iMdriyajJAna ke samAnArthI haiN| inheM parokSa isaliye mAnA jAtA hai ki inameM iMdriyoM ke atirikta smaraNa, mana aura buddhi vyApAra bhI kAraNa hotA hai / yahA~ yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki bhAratIya dArzanikoM meM se kevala jaina hI aise hai jinhoMne smRti ko pramANa mAnA hai| unhoMne isakA pramANatA ke virodha meM diye gaye tarkoM kI upayukta parIkSA kI hai| jainoM ne ina vidhiyoM ko matijJAna ke rUpa meM parigaNita kara anya darzanoM meM vaNita prAyaH sabhI pramANoM ko samAhita kara liyA hai| ye sabhI vidhiyAM sahaja anubhava gamya haiM, vaijJAnika bhI inheM mAnakara calate haiN| matijJAna ke ina rUpoM ke atirikta Agama yA zrata grantha bhI jJAna prApti ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM mAne gaye haiN| vastutaH zrutajJAna dhAraNAtmaka caraNa kA vistAra ho hai aura sAmayika jJAnaprApti kA aMtima caraNa hai| isakI paribhASA paraMparA evaM vyutpatti-donoM AdhAroM se kI gaI hai| paraMparAvAdo dRSTikoNa se zrutajJAna iMdriyajJAna (mati) pUrvaka hotA hai aura isameM buddhi aura vANI kA bhI upayoga hotA hai| yaha sendriya yA atIdriya jJAna ke samAna pratyakSa aura vizada nahIM hotaa| yaha akSara aura anakSara rUpa se do prakAra kA hotA hai / akSarazruta likhita yA vAcanika hotA hai| yaha svayaM evaM anyoM ko bhI jJAna karAtA hai| yaha pUrvAcAyoM ke jJAna ke saMprasAraNa kA kAma karatA hai| ise dravyazruta bhI kahate haiN| anakSara zruta ko bhAvazruta kahate haiM / vibhinna darzanoM meM inake vibhinna nAma milate haiM / zvetAmbara paramparA meM zruta kI adhika lokapriya aura vyUtpattiparaka paribhASA dI gaI hai| usake anusAra vizvasanIya zAstrajJoM ke dvArA likhita yA maukhika zabda yojanA zrata hai| pUjyapAda ne tIna prakAra ke zAstrajJa mAne hai : sarvajJa tIrthakara, unake pratyakSa ziSya gaNadhara aura anya aacaary| mehatA ne zAstrajJoM ko laukika evaM alaukika koTiyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai1 / yahA~ laukika zAstrajJoM kI koTi kI sAmAnyatA jana sAmAnya se paryApta uccatara hotI hai aura gaNadhara tathA vibhinna AcArya isa koTi meM Ate hai| zAstrajJoM ke lie 'Apta' kahA jAtA hai| inake dvArA nirmita zAstra hI pramANa mAne jAte haiN| ye ho zrutajJAna ke sAdhana hai| ye anubhava-jJAna ke bhaNDAra haiN| zAstroM meM batAyA gayA hai ki dravya zruta sAdi aura sAnta hai para bhAva zruta anAdi aura ananta haiN| isake do pramukha bheda hai-aMga praviSTa aura aMgavAhya / AcArAMga Adi bAraha aMga prathama koTi ke haiM aura inake bArahaveM aMga meM 'pUrva' bhI samAhita hote haiM / yaha to jJAta nahIM ki aMga grantha pUrva granthoM ke pUrvavartI hai para inheM aMgoM meM samAhita kara liyA

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226 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa gayA hai / zUbiMga ke anusAra pUrva aMgoM ke samAnAntara grantha rahe hoMge22 / aMga granthoM ko donoM paramparAyeM mAnatI hai lekina durbhAgya se inakA adhikAMza, meghA aura smaraNa zakti ko kamo se, mahAvIra se 683 se 1000 varSa ke bIca lupta huA mAnA jAtA hai| vaidika dhArA ke samAna Agama-rakSaNa ko kula paramparA jainoM meM nahIM rahI, guru-ziSya paramparA bhI bahuta dRr3ha nahIM rhii| digambaroM kI tulanA meM zvetAmbaroM ne isa kamo kA anubhava kiyA aura 453-62 I0 taka unhoMne tIna saMgItiyAM kI aura anta meM AgamoM ko likhita rUpa diyaa| itane antarAla ke kAraNa mUla meM parivartana va parivardhana kI sambhAvanA se Aja ke vidvAn inkAra nahIM krte| isaliye unakI prAmANikatA parIkSaNIya mAnI jAtI hai| digambara paramparA meM aisI koI saMgIti nahIM huI aura unake yahA~ aMga vilopana ko dara bhI tIbra hai / hA~, kucha aMgoM evaM pUrvo para AdhArita kucha grantha avazya unake pAsa hai| zUbiMga aura jaikobI ne Agama vilopana kI mAnyatA ke viSaya meM batAyA hai ki yaha sambhava hai ki unakI viSaya-vastu mahatvapUrNa na ho athavA unake varNana se anuyAyiyoM meM arucikaratA AtI ho26 / isa viSaya para gahana anusandhAna ko AvazyakatA hai| zruta kI dUsarI koTi aMgoM para AdhArita hai / use aMgoM ko samakakSatA nahIM hai, para vaha bhI mahatvapUrNa hai / aMga bAhya grantha kitane haiM. yaha nizcita nahIM hai| para digambara 14 aura zvetAmbara 34 grantha isa koTi meM mAnate haiN| ye aMga sAhitya se uttara kAla kI racanAye haiN| zvetAmbara isa koTi meM pAMcavI sadI taka kI mahatvapUrNa raca 10vIM sadI taka ke grantha samAhita karate haiN| digambara yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki caudaha mUla aMga vAhya grantha bho vilupta ho gaye haiN| unhoMne aMga praviSTa tathA aMga vAhya zruta meM vidyamAna samasta varNoM ko saMkhyA 1.84410.1 batAI hai| zAstroM meM isa zruta ke vibhinna bhAgoM kI viSaya vastu bho do gaI hai| aneka prakaraNoM meM vartamAna meM upalabdha zruta isase bhinna pAyA jAtA hai / digambaroM kI tulanA meM zvetAmbaroM ko gaNanAyeM bhinna haiN| phira bho, isase zruta ke vyApaka vistAra kA patA to calatA hI hai / isake bAvajUda bhI, yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki sampUrNa zruta meM upalabdha jJAna sampUrNa jJAna kA anantavA bhAga hai kyoMki sabhI jJeya ko pUrNataH zabdoM meM nahIM vyakta kiyA jA sktaa| zAna prApti kA antima caraNa zruta uparokta zruta ke viSaya evaM varNazaMkhyA meM bhinnatA ke bAvajuda bho, jJAna prApti prakriyA kA antima caraNa pUrvacaraNa meM prApta jJAna ko abhilekhita karanA hai| ye abhilekha jJAta jJAna kA nirUpaNa evaM saprasAraNa karate hai aura ajJAta kSitijoM kI ora saMketa karate haiN| inake varNanoM ko aitihAsika pariprekSya meM dekhanA cAhiye / inheM jJAna kA antima binda nahIM mAnanA caahiye| vartamAna zruta sarvajJa-praNota nahIM, apitu unake paramparAgata uttarAdhikAriyoM dvArA praNIta hai, jo vibhinna yagoM meM hue haiN| ataH zrata ko vibhinna yagoM meM upalabdha jJAna kA abhilekha mAnanA caahiye| aneka prakaraNoM meM unameM parivadhita yA virodhI dRSTikoNa bhI pAye jAte haiN| Adhunika jJAna ke AdhAra para unameM parivardhana sambhava ho sakatA hai| yadi inheM aparivartanIya mAnA jAve, to jJAna tAlAba ke jala ke samAna sthira ho jaavegaa| isa dhAraNA se jJAna ke naye kSetroM ke prati anupayogitAvAdI dRSTi vikasita huI, isase bhArata Adhunika dRSTi se jJAna-vijJAna ke kSetra meM pichar3a gyaa| vaha Agamika yuga meM apane samaya meM jJAna kA agraNI thaa| isaliye vaijJAnika tathA anya daSTiyoM se sthira jJAna ko dhAraNa upayogI nahIM pratIta hotii| aba jJAna eka jala pravAha ke samAna hai, jisameM saMzodhana, navayojana evaM parivartana sambhava hai, yadi jJAna prApti kI uparokta dizAoM se ina prakriyAoM kA samarthana ho| yaha mata vartamAna zruta se bhI samarthita hai| pratyakSa ke do bheda, kAla ke dravyatva ko mAnyatA, aSTamUlaguNoM ke vividha rUpa, bhautika indriyoM kI prApyakAritA sambandhI pUjyapAda aura vIrasena kI mata-bhinnatA, vidyAnanda ko dhArAvAhI jJAna ko pramANatA Adi ke udAharaNa isI Ara saMketa dete hai| vastutaH yaha acaraja kI bAta ho hai ki parivartanazIla vizva meM usase sambandhita jJAna ko sthira evaM aparivartanIya mAnA jaave|

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4] jJAna prApti kI Agamika evaM Adhunika vidhiyoM kA tulanAtmaka samIkSaNa 227 upasaMhAra uparokta nirUpaNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki sUkSmatara vivaraNoM ke zAstrIya matabhedoM ke bAvajUda bhI, bhautika jagata sambandhI jJAna kI prakriyA aura kArakoM se sambandhita jaina nirUpaNa vaijJAnika mAnyatAoM ke samarUpa hai| tathApi jJAtA AtmA evaM atIndriya jJAna sambandhI mAnyatA vaijJAnika sahamati kI pratIkSA kara rahI hai| DelarIpa ne sahI kahA hai ki jainoM kA jJAna-siddhAnta indriya aura zruta jJAna ke stara para kArya-kAraNavAda kI mAnyatA para AdhArita hone se prAkRtika hai, para jJAna ke uccatara stara para yaha vastutaH antaHpratibhAtmaka ho jAtA hai| yaha prAttibha jJAna jA~canIya na bhI ho, para prAkRtika jJAna to naye-naye tathyoM evaM satyoM ke pariprekSya meM jA~canIya aura parivardhanIya honA hI caahiye| nirdeza sUcI 1. TATiyA, nathamala; tulasI prathA, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, disambara, 78 / 2. akalaMka, bhadraH tatvArtha rAjavAtika-1, bhA. jJAnapITha, dillI, 1953, peja 33 / 3. zAstrI, kailAzacandra, jaina nyAya, bhA0 jJAnapITha, dillI, 1966, pe0 328 / 4. jaina, esa0 e0, (anu0); royaliTo, vIra zAsana saMgha, kalakattA, 1960, peja 11-15 / 5 pUrvokta, peja 15 / 6. dekhiye, nirdeza 2, peja 69-70 / 7. saMdhavI, sukhalAla (TI.); tatvArtha sUtra, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, kAzI, 1976, peja 124 / 8. dekhiye nirdeza 2, peja 61 / 9. dekhiye, nirdeza 3, peja 147-57 / 10. dekhiye, nirdeza 9, peja 65 / 11. prabhAcandra AcArya; prameyakamalaMmAtaMDa, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1941, peja 231-39 / 12. Dela rIpa necuralisTika TreDIzaMsa ina iMDiyana thauTa, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1964, peja 83 / 13. dekhiye, nirdeza 4, peja 27 / 14. dekhiye, nirdeza 2, khaNDa 2, peja 484 / 15. dekhiye, nirdeza 2, peja 90 / 16. jaina, ena0 ela0; kanTekTiliTI Ava AI-ena iveluyezana, tulasI prajJA, lADana, 6, 19, 1982 / 17. kundakunda, AcArya; niyama sAra, jaina pabliziMga hAusa, lakhanaU, 1931, peja 12 / 18. nyAyAcArya, mahendrakumAra; jaina varzana, varNI granthamAlA, kAzI, 1966, peja 285 / 19. dekhiye nirdeza 3 peja 165 / 20. dekhiye nirdeza 3 peja 277-94 / 21. mehatA, mohana lAla; jaina philAsophI, jaina mizana sosAiTI, begalora, 1954, peja 113 / 22. bAlTara zUbiMga; dakTariva oNba jainAja, motIlAla banArasI dAsa, dillI, 1966, peja 74 / 23. mAlavaNiyA, dalasukha; Agama yuga kA jaina darzana, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1966, peja 16 / 24. dekhiye nirdeza 22 peja 75-76 / 25. nemacandra cakravartI; gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, rAmacandra jaina granthamAtkara, agAsa, 1972, peja 180 / 26. dekhiye nirdeza 12 peja 91 /

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jaina zAstroM meM vaijJAnika saMketa paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI kuMDalapura, ma0pra0 jaina Agama meM yatra-tatra aise sthala bhI hai jinameM Adhunika vaijJAnika tatvoM ke saMketa vipula mAtrA meM pAye jAte haiN| aneka sthala aise bhI haiM ki jina para abhI vaijJAnika zodha kArya nahIM hue| kucha sthala aise bhI haiM jina para jaina cintakoM kA bhI dhyAna AkarSita honA caahie| jo hamArI dhAraNAe~ haiM, unase bhinna dhAraNA karane ke lie aneka sthala hameM bAdhya karate haiM / mere adhyayana kAla meM jA sthala mujhe aise pratIta hue, unakA saMkSipta vivecana maiM isa lekha dvArA vidvAn janoM ke sammukha prastuta kara rahA hU~ / una sthaloM para maiMne kucha sambhAvanAeM bhI isameM vyakta ko haiM jo Apa sabakA dhyAna AkarSita karane ke lie hai / ho sakatA hai ki mere cintana kI galata dhArA ho yA sahI ho para vidvAnoM ko cintana karane ke lie unheM prastuta kara rahA | Apa sabake cintana aura adhyayana se una para nayA prakAza mila sakegA, aisI AzA karatA hU~ / maiM yahA~ vidvajjanamAnya umAsvAmI ke tatvArtha sUtra ke AdhAra para ho inakA nirdeza karatA hU~ / 1. taijasa zarIra ke svarUpa para vicAra sabhI saMsArI jIvoM ke taijasa, kArmaNa - do zarIra sadA pAye jAte haiM, yaha bAta sarvasya sUtra dvArA pratipAdita hai / yaha zarIra anantaguNa pradeza vAlA hai, apratIghAta hai aura paramparA se anAdi kAla se hai / isake svarUpa ke vivecana meM AcArya pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM ye zabda likhe haiM : yattejonimittaM, tejasi vA bhavaM tattaijasam / jo teja meM nimitta ho yA teja meM utpanna ho vaha tejasa hai| isa tejasa zarIra ko saupabhoga bhI nahI batAyA gayA aura nirUpabhoga bhI nahIM likhA gayA arthAt indriyAdi dvArA artha ko viSaya karane meM nimitta yaha nahIM hai jaise anya audArikAdi tIna zarIra haiM tathA ise kArmaNa zarIra kI taraha nirUpabhoga bhI nahIM maanaa| vicAranA yaha hai ki saupabhoga bhI na ho aura nirUpabhoga bhI na ho, to yaha tIsarI avasthA isakI kyA hai / nirUpabhoga nahIM hai - isakA kAraNa AcArya likhate haiM ki tejasa, yoga meM bhI nimitta nahIM hai, isalie upabhoga nirUpabhoga ke sambandha meM isakA vicAra hI nahIM ho sakatA / yaha kevala audArika zarIroM meM doti detA hai, aisI mAnyatA isa samaya taka calI A adhika vicAra nahIM huA / rahI hai| isake sambandha meM isase sambhAvanAe~ : 'tejasamapi' sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM ise bhI labdhi pratyaya mAnA hai aura vaikriyaka ko bhI labdha pratyaya mAnA hai / tathApi donoM zarIroM ke nirmANa pRthak-pRthak vargaNAoM se hai / vaikriyaka to AhAra vargaNA se hI nirmita hai ataH RddhidhArI muni kA audArika zarIra hI vikriyA karane kI vizeSa yogyatA bAlA bana jAtA hai| aisI mAnyatA hai / para zubha taijasa jo eka prakAra se zubhra prakAza rUpa meM aura azubha taijasa jvAlA rUpa meM pragaTa hotA hai, vaha kriyAtmaka hai ? merI dRSTi meM vaha taijasa vargaNA nimittaka hI honA caahie| sUtrakAra ne to donoM zarIroM ko hI labdhi pratyaya likhA hai / usakI TIkA meM use odArika zarIra ho isa rUpa pariNamatA hai aisA nahIM likhaa| 'tejasi bhavaM vA' para vizeSa vicAra

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4 . ] jaina zAstroM meM vaijJAnika saMketa 229 kiyA jAya to aisA pratIta hogA ki yaha eka prakAra kA bijalI kI taraha 'pAvara' hai, zaktyAtmaka hai jo svayaM na to yoga balki ina saba zarIroM ko zakti pradAtA hai / yaha (zakti) dAyaka hai / dhavalA, pustaka 8 kI vAcanA ke rUpa kriyA karatA hai aura na upayogAtmaka kriyA kA sAdhana hai audArika zarIroM ko tathA vigraha gati meM kArmaNa zarIra ko teja samaya sAgara meM bhI kucha saMketa isI prakAra ke prApta hue the, ataH yaha vicAraNIya hai / 2. bhUmi ke vRddhi hAsa sambandhI sUtroM para vicAra eka prazna jaba hamAre sAmane AtA hai ki AyaM khaNDa kI isa bhUmi para bhoga bhUmi meM tIna kosa ke, do kosa ke, aura eka kosa ke tathA karmabhUmi ke prArambha meM 500 dhanuSa ke manuSya hote the, to usa samaya kyA bhUmi kA vistAra jyAdA hotA thA ? yadi nahIM, to kaise isI bhUmi para unakA AvAsa bana jAtA thA / isa prazna ke AdhAra para jaba vicAra AtA haiM, taba tatvArtha sUtra ke adhyAya 3 ke sUtra 27-28 para bhI dhyAna AkarSita hotA hai / ve sUtra haiM : 'bharatairAvatayorvRddhi hAsau SaTsamayAbhyAmutsarpiNyavasarpirNIbhyAm ' tathA 'tAbhyAmaparAbhUmayoavasthitAH' / arthAt bharata aura airAvata kI bhUmiyoM meM vRddhi va hAsa hotA hai - utsarpiNo aura avasarpiNo kAla meM, aura inake alAvA anya bhUmiyA~ vRddhi hrAsa se rahita avasthita hI rahatI hai / yadyaSi pUjyapAda AcArya ne isa prazna ko uThAyA haiM ki 'kyoM ?' aura samAdhAna diyA hai 'bharatairAvatayoH / tathApi Age calakara unhoMne likhA hai ki 'na tayoH kSetrayoH asambhavAt / ' isa praznottara se spaSTa hai ki sUtra se bhI kSetra kI hI vRddhi - hrAsa kA artha nikalatA hai / para cUMki usakI sambhAvanA nahIM hai, ataH bhUmi sthita manuSyAdikoM ke Ayu avagAhanA Adi kA ho vRddhi hrAsa hotA hai, yaha saptamo vibhakti ke AdhAra para vyAkhyA kI / saMbhAvanA : yaha sambhAvanA kI jAtI hai ki sUtra kA artha bhUmi ko vRddhi-hAsa kA bhI sambhAvya hai / prathama sUtra meM bharatarAvata meM SaSThI aura saptamI se pracalita artha kiyA jA sakA, para dUsarA sUtra spaSTatayA bhUmiyoM kI avasthiti vahA~ 'bhUmayaH' prathamAnta zabda haiM, SaSThI, saptamo nahIM hai, jisase pUrva sUtra para bhI prakAza par3atA hai ki yadi bharata airAvata ke sivAya anya bhUmiyA~ avasthita haiM, to bharata airAvata ko bhUmiyoM meM anavasthitatA hai, ataH unameM vRddhi hrAsa hote haiM / batA rahA AcArya pUjyapAda ne usakI sambhAvanA to nahIM dekhI kyoMki AryakhaNDa-gaMgA-sindhu donoM mahAnadiyoM se pUrva pazcima meM aura dakSiNa meM vijayArdha aura lavaNa samudra se sImAvaddha haiM / ataH yaha dizA vidizAoM meM bar3ha nahIM sakatA / isalie asambhavAt zabda se use vyakta kiyA hai / tathApi eka aura prasaMga hai jo yaha batalAtA hai ki utsarpiNI se avasarpiNI ko aura kAlagati bar3hane para citrA pRthvI para eka yojana bhUmi Upara ko bar3hato hai aura pralaya kAla me vaha vRddhi samApta hokara citrA pRthvI nikala AtI haiM, Upara bar3hane para parvatoM ko taraha Upara-Upara bhUmi ghaTatI jAtI hai aura noce caur3A rahatI hai| kyA isI AdhAra para vRddhi hrAsa ke sambhAvya saMketa to nahIM hai ? yadi yaha mAnA jAya to bar3I avagAhanA ke samaya usakA vistAra mAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha bhI yaha vicAraNIya saMketa hai / 3. jyotiSacakra kI UMcAI tathA candrayAtrA para vicAra vartamAna mAnyatA hai ki sUrya Upara tathA candra nIce hai / kintu jainAgama meM pracalita mAnyatA hai ki sUrya pRthvI tala se ATha sau yojana aura candramA 880 yojata hai / yaha pratyakSa antara bhI hamArI mAnyatA ko cunautI ho jAtI hai / isa para vicAra kiyA jAe / sambhAvanA : savArthasiddhi meM tatvArthasUtra adhyAya 4 sUtra 12 kI TIkA meM AcArya ne ina UMcAiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai / kintu yaha varNana jisa AdhAra para kiyA hai, vaha hai eka prAcIna gAthA, jisameM kramAnusAra pUrvArdha meM saMkhyA hai

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230 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa aura uttarArdha meM una jyotiSakoM ke nAma hai-790, 10,80, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3 yojana U~ce hai, nimna vimAna tArA-ravi-zazi-RSi-budha-bhAgaMva-maMgala-zani / isameM yaha sambhAvanA bhI kI jA sakatI hai ki granthoM kA lekhana hAtha se lekhakoM dvArA kiyA jAtA thaa| yadi kadAcit lipi-lekhaka likhane meM ravi kA nAma bhUla se pahale aura zazi kA nAma usake pIche likha jAye, to donoM kI UMcAI kA bhI antara par3a sakatA hai / isa sambhAvanA se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki prAyaH lipilekhaka bhUla bho kara jAtA hai / ve saba bahuta jyAdA AgamajJa hI hote haiM, aisA nahIM hai / isake lie yaha gAthA pUjyapAda svAmI ke pUrva kahA~ anyatra granthoM meM pAI jAtI hai athavA unake pUrva ke granthoM meM isa sambandha meM kyA vivecana hai, isa ora dhyAna AkarSita honA Avazyaka hai / akalaMka deva ne yativRSabha aura nemicandrAcArya ne apane granthoM meM isI kA anusaraNa kiyA hai, para ye pUjyapAda ke bAda ke AcArya haiM / kyA isase pUrva kA koI sAhitya hai jisameM ukta kathana kI puSTi hI pAI jAtI hai, tabhI yaha sambhAvanA galata hogI ki lekhaka ko bhUla se parivartana sambhAvya hai / candraloka yAtrA ora usakI dUrI candraloka kI yAtrA mAnava kara sakatA hai, isa para jaina cintaka saMzayArUr3ha hai, usakI U~cAI jo Agama meM hai aura vartamAna meM mAnI gaI hai vaha bhI jainAgama se mela nahIM khaatii| sambhAvanA : manuSya, manuSya loka meM jA sakatA hai| mAnuSottara parvata to usakI sImA dizA-vidizAoM meM satrakAra ne bAMdhI hai, para Upara 99999 yojana aura nIce citrA pRthvI prabhAga kSetra bhI manuSya loka hI hai / phalataH madhyaloka meM manuSya loka 45 lAkha yojana lambA-caur3A aura eka lAkha yojana Upara-nIce moTA hai / ataH candraloka ko 800 yA 80 yojana jAnA Agama paddhati se viruddha nahIM hai| aMjanacora ko AkAzagAmI vidyA seTha ke maMtra se prApta hone tathA usake va seTha ke dvArA sumeru parvata ke jinAlayoM kI vandanA kI kathA prathamAnayoga meM hai| vidyAdhara aura Rddhi prApta manijana bhI sameru ke caityAlayoM kI vandanA karate haiN| caityAlayoM kI sthiti vahA~ saumanasa vana meM 63000 yojana tathA pANDuka vana kI 99000 yojana hai, jaba vahA~ mAnava jA sakatA hai, taba 880 yojana Upara jAnA Agama sambhava hai / yaha bAta dUsarI hai ki vahA~ loga gaye yA nahIM gaye / isI prazna ko uThAkara loga sandeha utpanna karate haiN| jahA~ taka UMcAI ke mApa kA antara hai, usake lie yaha vicAra bhI Avazyaka hai ki usa samaya ke koza kA pramANa kyA thA aura Aja koza kA pramANa kyA hai, jisake AdhAra para yojana kA mApa hai| jina hAthoM ke pramANa se gaja, aura gajoM se mAila aura koza isa yuga meM nApe gaye haiM, unakI ye paribhASAeM Adhunika haiM, prAcIna nahIM / prAcIna paribhASAeM kyA thI ? yaha zoSa honA cAhie, taba antara dUra hone kI sthiti bnegii| eka udAharaNa para vicAra kareM / bhagavAna mahAvIra kI UMcAI 7 hAtha thI, vaha hAtha kisakA hai yA usakA kyA mApadaNDa hai ? chaThe kAla meM eka hAtha kA zarIra hogaa| zarIra kI AkRti 21 hajAra varSa meM 6 hAtha ghaTegI to usa anupAta se bIra nirvANa 2500 meM hone vAle manuSya savA chaH hAtha ke haiM / aba hAtha ke pramANa kI paribhASA DhuMr3hanA Avazyaka ho gyaa| yadi usakA nirNaya ho jAya, to mApa ke antara kI zodha ho sakatI hai| yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai ki jaina Agama ke anusAra candramA kI UMcAI 880 yojana hai| vaha U~cAI kahA~ se nApI gaI hai, sumeru ke pAsa videha kSetra se yA AryakhaNDa kI ayodhyA se ? vartamAna ke vaijJAnika kisa koNa se mApa karate haiM, yaha bhI dekhanA hogaa| isa bAta ko eka udAharaNa se samajhiye / sUrya pRthvI se 800 yojana hai| karka saMkrAnti ke samaya cakravartI nareza ayodhyA meM apane mahala ke Upara se usa dina sUrya vimAna meM sthita jina bimba kA darzana karatA hai| sUryodaya ke samaya vaha sUrya niSadha parvata ke Upara hotA hai, usa samaya sUrya kI dUrI kA pramANa 47,263 yojana kA AtA hai| isase yaha svayaM siddha ho jAtA hai ki minnabhinna sthAnoM se bhinna-bhinna cAra kSetroM meM sthita sUrya Adi grahoM kI dUrI kA pramANa bhinna-bhinna hI hogaa| isI pariprekSya

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jaina zAstroM meM vaijJAnika saMketa 231 meM candramA kI dUrI kA antara DhUMDhanA Avazyaka hogaa| tabhI sahI rUpa se candramA ko vaijJAnika duro aura Agamika dUrI ke antara yA rahasya kA bheda pAyA jA sakegA / ubhaya viSayoM ke sakSama vidvAn isa para vicAra kareM aura prakAza ddaaleN| 4. zabda kI paudgalikatA aura gati 'zabda' ko jainAgama meM pudgala paryAya mAnA gayA hai / tatvArtha sUtra adhyAya 5 ke sUtra 24 meM yaha pratipAdita hai / zabda meM pudgala kI paryAya ke kAraNa rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza kA honA anivArya hai / zabda ke ina guNoM para bhI vijJAna ke AdhAra para vicAra apekSita hai| zabdoM kI vyaMjanA vAyu ke AdhAra para hotI hai, ataH donoM meM paraspara sambandha hai aura donoM paudgalika hai / vAyu bhI vAyukAyika jIvoM kA zarIra hai / ye donoM dRSTigAcara na hone para bho zravaNa ora sparzana grAhya hai tathA inake anya guNoM kI abhivyakti bhI vizleSaNa cAhatI hai| 'prakAza' bho sUtra ke anusAra pudgala ko paryAya hai aura andhakAra tathA chAyA bhii| isI prakAra ke Atapa aura udyota bhI hai; jo pakar3e nahIM jAte para cakSu grAhya haiN| ina sabakA nirUpaNa bhinna-bhinna matoM meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra se haiM, para inako ekarUpatA, paudagalika hone ke kAraNa, nizcita hai / vijJAna ke prakAza meM isa ekarUpatA ko spaSTa kiyA jAnA cAhie / pudgala gatimAna dravya hai / vijJAna ne bhI zabda ko tathA prakAza ko gatizIla mAnA hai| yaha pratyakSa bho dikhAI detA hai / prakAza kI gati zabda se adhika tIvra mAnI jAtI hai, para jaina Agama meM zama ko gati adhika batAyo gayo hai| paramANu yadi eka samaya meM lokAnta taka gamana karatA hai, to zabdarUpa pudgala skandhAtmaka pariNati ke bAda bhI do samaya meM lokAnta paryanya gamana karatA hai, aisA dhavalA kI terahavIM pustaka meM spaSTa ullekha hai| vijJAna ko kasauTI para isa tathya kA bhI parIkSaNa karanA yogya hai| 5. kAla dravya asaMkhyAva hai sabhI dravyoM ke pariNamana meM kAladravya ko paryAyaM nimittabhUta haiM / yaha sarvamAnya siddhAnta hai / vaha isa kArya meM adharma dravya kI taraha udAsIna nimitta hai, preraka nahIM / kAraNa vaha svayaM kriyAvAna dravya nahIM hai / AryakhaNDa meM chaha kAla rUpa parivartana hotA hai| mlecchakhaNDa meM yaha parivartana nahIM hotaa| vijayA parvata para hone vAlI vidyAdhara zreNiyoM meM bhI yaha parivartana nahIM hotA / svarga-naraka tathA bhoga bhUmiyoM meM (jo sthAI hai) chaH kAla kA parivartana nahIM hotaa| kyA kAla ke pariNamana ko viSamatA bhinna-bhinna kAladravya ke bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM para bhinna-bhinna pariNamanoM kI sUcaka hai| dharma, adharma, AkAza eka-eka dravya hai, taba inake pariNamana ko eka ho dhArA hai para kAladravya asaMkhya hai, ataH inakA pariNamana bhinna-bhinna ho sakatA hai| kyA ina chaha kAla rUpa parivartana meM nimitta zakti vAlA kAladravya AryakhaNDoM meM hI hai yA isa pariNamana ke kucha anya kAraNa hai ki bhinna-bhinna kSetroM meM bhinna-bhinna rUpa kAla meM utsapiNo avasarpiNI pariNamana pAye jAte haiM / cintana kA yaha bhI eka viSaya ho sakatA hai| 6. acAkSuSa padArtha cAkSuSa kaise banatA hai ? __ pAMcaveM adhyAya kA 28vAM sUtra hai-'bhedasaMghAtAbhyAm cAkSuSaH', bheda aura saMghAta se padArtha cAkSuSa hotA hai| TIkAkAra pUjyapAda AcArya ne likhA hai 'anantAnanta paramANuoM ke samudAyarUpa kucha skandha cAkSuSa hai para kucha cakSu kA viSaya nahIM banate, ve acAkSuSa haiN| sUtra ko TokA meM acAkSuSa kaise 'cAkSuSa' banatA hai, isa prazna kA uttara diyA gayA hai ki koI acAkSuSa skandha sUkSma pariNata hai, vaha bheda ke dvArA bhinna huA / usakA aMza anya cAkSuSa skaMdha meM mila gayA, taba vaha bhI cAkSuSa bana gayA / isa taraha bheda aura saMghAta donoM ke yoga se hI acAkSuSa skandha cAkSuSa banatA hai| sambhAvanA : Upara kA samAdhAna to yathArtha hai ho, tathApi sUtra meM dvivacana hone se anya ayaM bho pratiphalita hotA hai| acAkSuSa padAthaM do prakAra se cAkSusa bana sakatA hai / eka to aise ki acAkSuSa sUkSma pariNata do skandha mApasa

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232 50 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa meM mila jAeM aura sUkSmatA tyAga kara cakSu grAhya bana jAye / yaha prakriyA to prasiddha hai parantu bheda se acAkSuSa cAkSuSa ho jAye, isakI bhI sambhAvanA hai / isa vikalpa para bhI zodha honA cAhiye / TIkAkAra ke sAmane jo sthiti thI, usake anusAra artha kI jo saMgati baiThAI hai vaha pUrI taraha grAhya hai / phira bhI eka dUsarI sambhAvanA bhI sUtra se vyakta hotI hai jo yaha sUcita karatI hai ki kucha aise bhI skandha ho sakate haiM jo acAkSuSa hoM para unameM yadi bheda ho jAye to, ve cakSa grAhya ho sakate haiM / udAharaNa se vicAra kareM, reta aura cUnA donoM pAradarzaka nahIM hai para jaba donoM ke yoga se kAMca banatA hai to vaha pAradarzaka ho jAtA hai| prathamAnuyoga meM aMjana cora kI kathA hai jo aMjana guTikA kA lepa karane para saMyukta avasthA meM adRzya (acAkSuSa) ho jAtA thA aura usa guTikA ke alaga hone para dRSTavya (cAkSuSa) ho jAtA thaa| isa prakAra kA jo saMbhAvita artha hai usakA parIkSaNa bhI vijJAna se honA cAhi / mile hue skandha yantroM kI pakar3a meM A sakate haiM jo acAkSuSa ho| rAsAyanika prakriyA se unakA bheda karane para unake cAkSuSa hone ko kyA koI sambhAvanA hai, yaha bhI dekhanA cAhiye / 7. vedanIya karma jIva vipAkI hai yA pudgala vipAkI karmakANDa meM vedanIya karma ko jIva vipAkI mAnA gayA hai| moha ke bala para jIva usake udaya meM duHkha kA vedana karatA hai| vedana jIva ko hotA hai, ataH isakA jIva vipAko honA svAbhAvika hai, prasiddha hai| AThaveM adhyAya ke AThaveM sUtra kI TokA meM TIkAkAra ke zabda haiM : yadudayAt devAdigatiSu zarIra-mAnasa sukhaprAptiH tat savedyam / yat phalaM dukhamanekavidhaM tat asatvedyam / arthAt jisake udaya se deva Adi gatiyoM meM zArIrika aura mAnasika sukha prApta ho, vaha sAtA vedanIya hai aura jisakA phala vividha prakAra ke duHkha hai, vaha asAtA vedanIya hai / sAtA ke udaya meM dhana, sampatti, saMtati kI prApti hotI hai, yaha upacarita kathana hai, kyoMki kama kA saMzleSa sambandha AtmA se hai| udaya bhI AtmA meM hai| vaha karma sukha-duHkha kI sAmagrI kA saMcaya nahIM kara sktaa| jIva usa sAmagrI ke saMcaya meM saphala ho sakatA hai kintu isa prasaMga meM dhavalA bhAga 6 sUtra 28 meM kucha aisA hI prazna uThAyA hai ki kyA vedanIya jova vipAkI kI taraha pudgala vipAkI bhI hai ? uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki 'iSTa hai'| isa uttara ke samarthana meM jo hetu diyA hai, vaha vicAraNIya hai| uttara kA samarthana isa hetu dvArA kiyA gayA hai-'sukha-duHkha ke hetu dravya ke sampAdana karane vAlA anya karma nahIM hai, isa hetu se ise pudgala vipAko kahA' / vicAra yaha hai ki pudgala vipAkI to deha vipAkI hai| usakA phala to deha ke AkAra-prakAra Adi para hotA hai| sukha ke sAdhana dhana, strI, putra Adi para nahIM hotA / ataH pudgala vipAkI kI anyatra kyA-kyA vyAkhyAe~ haiM. ina para vicAra karanA sArthaka ho sakatA hai / 8. gotra karma kI vyAkhyA AThaveM adhyAya meM bArahaveM sUtra kI TIkA meM AcArya pUjyapAda likhate haiM : . yadudayAt lokapUjiteSu kuleSu janma taducergotram / yadudayAt garhiteSu kuleSu janma tannocaigaMtrim / / jisake udaya se loka pUjita kula meM janma ho, vaha ucca gotra hai tathA jisake udaya se nindita kula meM janma ho, vaha nIca gotra hai| gomaTasAra karmakANDa kI vyAkhyA yaha hai-'santAna krama se AyA haA jova kA AcaraNa gotra kahalAtA hai| ucca AcaraNa ucca gotra hai tathA nIca AcaraNa nIca gotra hai| 'sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM pUjita kula ko ucca gotra aura nindita kUla ko nIca gotra kahA gayA hai| para gomaTasAra meM UMce AcaraNa ko ucca gotra aura nIca AcaraNa nIca gotra mAnA gayA hai| yahA~ kucha prazna utpanna hote haiM:

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jaina zAstroM meM vaijJAnika saMketa 233 1. loka pUjita kise mAnA jAya ? 2. loka kA kyA artha hai ? 3. nindita kula kise kahA jAya ? 4. santAna krama se tAtparya kitanI pIr3hiyoM se sadAcAra dekhA jAya ? 5. deva, nArakI aura pazuoM meM kula kI vyavasthA hai, taba unake gotra ke lakSaNa kyA banAye jAyeM ? kyoMki mUlAcAra meM kula kA lakSaNa strI-puruSa saMtAna kiyA hai| ucca gotra vAlA nIca AcaraNa karake nIca gotrIya ho jAtA hai| ucca gotra karma kA sarva saMkramaNa hotA hai, para nIca gotrIya ucca AcaraNa kare, to saMkramaNa to hogA para sarva saMkramaNa nahIM hogaa| taba vyAkhyAyeM kaise baneMgI ? isI prakAra saMtAna krama ke sandarbha meM yadi anAdikAla kA santAna krama liyA jAya, to kisI kUla ke sadAcaraNa kI parIkSA kaise hogI? bavadhAna-vidyA avadhAna-vidyA koI jAdU yA vAjIgarI nahIM hai / yaha bahuta sahaja sAdhanA hai aura abhyAsa se sIkhI jA sakatI hai| isake liye citta kI ekAgratA ko sAdhA jAtA hai / isake liye mana kI caMcalatA ko samajhane kI jarUrata hai| caMcalatA ke kAraNa hI prazna ko grahaNa karane kI kSamatA bhaMga ho jAtI hai aura smRti kamajora ho jAtI hai| ____ avadhAna kA abhyAsa dhyAna paddhati se kiyA jAtA hai / dhyAna kI kaI paddhatiyA~ haiM para jaina pararamparA ke anusAra terApaMtha dharmasaMgha ne prekSAdhyAna paddhati kA vikAsa kiyA hai / smRti kI nirantaratA dhyAna se AtI hai / isake aneka sUtra haiN| prAcIna RSi aura muniyoM ko khagolazAstra kI gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne ke liye lambI lambI saMkhyAoM ko yAda rakhane kI jarUrata par3atI thii| abadhAna ke mAdhyama se hI ve ye saMkhyAyeM yAda rakhate the| lekhana aura mudraNa ke vikAsa se avadhAna kI AvazyakatA kama samajhI jAne lgii| isase vyakti kI cetanA kaMThita hone lgii| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne smRti ko cetanA kA eka gaNa mAnA hai| bhagavatI aura AcArAMga meM smRti ke avadhAna ke aneka sUtra diye gaye haiN| ye anya jaina AgamoM meM bhI milate haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI ko nau sau sAla taka lipibaddha nahIM kiyA jA skaa| AcAryoM kI avadhAna sAdhanA se hI baha pIr3hI-dara-pIr3hI surakSita rakhI jA skii| yadi yaha vidyA na hotI, to jJAna kI mahatvapUrNa paramparAyeM vilupta ho jAtI aura zodha ke liye parikalpanAoM kA bhI abhAva ho jaataa| avadhAna-sAdhakoM ke aneka rUpa hote haiM / zAstroM meM zatAvadhAnI, paMcazatAvadhAnI, sahasrAvadhAnI evaM lakSAvadhAnI sAdhakoM kA vivaraNa pAyA jAtA hai / Aja ke kaMpyUTara-yuga meM prAcIna avadhAna-vidyA eka vismayakArI sAdhanA hai| isase aMka smRti, bhASA smRti, gaNitIya paMcadhAta, mUla zodhana, sarvatobhadra yaMtra, samAnAMtara yoga tathA smaraNa zakti ke aneka prayoga aura samAdhAna alpakAla meM hI kiye jA salate haiN| __ muni mahendra kumAra

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varNa : padArtha kA eka abhinna guNa DA0 anila kumAra jaina sahAyaka nidezaka ( AgAra ), tela evaM prAkRtika gaisa gaisa Ayoga, aMkalezvara 393010 ( gujarAta ) varNa : jaina dRSTi jaina dharmAnusAra sampUrNa vizva ( loka ) chaha dravyoM se milakara banA huA hai| ye hai-jIva, pUdgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza tathA kAla / ina sabameM mAtra pudgala ( padArtha ) hI eka aisA dravya hai jo rUpI hai, jisameM sparza, rasa, gandha tathA varNa, ye cAra guNa pAye jAte haiM / yahA~ rUpI kA artha dRzyamAna hI nahIM hai balki rUpI kA artha hai ki ukta cAroM guNoM kA eka sAtha honA / pudgala hI eka aisA dravya hai jise indriyoM dvArA pahacAnA jA sakatA hai / anya pA~ca dravyoM meM ukta cAra guNoM kA abhAva hone se ve arUpI kahalAte haiM / cAheM pudgala skandha rUpa ho yA paramANu ke rUpa meM ho, uparokta cAroM guNa unameM avazya hoNge| yahAM hama pudgala ke varNa guNa kI hI carcA kregeN| varNa padArtha kA eka mUlabhUta guNa hai| varNa pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM-nIlA, pIlA, lAla, sapheda, kAlA / pratyeka bhautika piNDa meM inameM se kama se kama eka varNa avazya hogaa| mizraNa ke rUpa meM padArtha meM eka se adhika raMga bhI ho sakate hai| lekina aisA koI padArtha nahIM ho sakatA jisameM koI raMga na ho / paramANu meM bhI pAMca raMgoM meM se koI eka raMga avazya hogA hii| yadi hama ina raMgoM ke bAre meM kucha gaharAI se soca, to ye raMga ananta bhI ho sakate haiN| udAharaNa ke taura para eka paramANa meM eka ikAI kAlApana yA do ikAI kAlApana ityAdi-ityAdi, ananta ikAI kAlApana taka ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra raMga bhI ananta prakAra ke ho sakate haiM / yahA~ para eka bAta dhyAna dene ko yaha hai ki raMgoM ko tIbratA alagaalaga ho sakatI hai, lekina paramANu kA raMga ina pAMca meM se koI eka hI ho sakatA hai / lekina skandha kA raMga ukta pAMca raMgoM se alaga ho sakatA hai| do yA do se adhika paramANu Apasa meM milakara skandha banAte haiM / paramANu alaga-alaga ragoM ke ho sakate hai| para skandha kA raMga ina paramANu ke raMgoM para nirbhara hotA hai| alaga-alaga tobratA ke paramANuoM ke ragoM ke mizraNa para hI skandha kA raMga AdhArita hotA hai| prakAza tathA raMga Adhunika vijJAna raMgoM kI vyAkhyA prakAza ke taraMga siddhAnta ke AdhAra para karatA hai| baijJAnika maiksavaila ke anusAra prakAza vidyuta-cumbakIya spekTrama kA eka hissA hai / prakAza kA saMcaraNa taraMgoM ke rUpa meM hotA hai / ye sabhI taraMgeM prakRti meM vidyuta-cumbakIya hotI hai tathA inakA vega niyata hotA hai jisakA mAna 3x1010 semI/sekinDa hotA hai| isa prakAra, prakAza ko ina vikiraNoM ke rUpa meM pAribhASita kara sakate haiM jo ki A~kha ko prabhAvita karate haiM / dRzya spaikTrama kI taraMga dairyoM kI nyUnatama tathA adhikatama sImA nirdhArita karanA bahuta kaThina hai, phira bhI ve lagabhaga 0.00043 mimI0 tathA 000069 mimI0 haiN| A~kha ina sImAoM ke bAhara ke vikiraNoM ko bhI dekha sakato hai bazarte ve bahuta

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varNa / padArtha kA eka abhinna guNa 235 adhika tIvratA vAle hoN| isa prakAra ke bahuta se vikiraNoM ko vibhinna upakaraNoM dvArA bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| vidyuta cumbakIya vikiraNoM ke dRzya spaikTrama kI pratyeka taraMga dairdhya eka nizcita raMga ko pradarzita karatI hai| jaise-jaise taraMga dairdhya kA mAna badalatA hai, raMga bhI badalatA jAtA hai| nyUnatama taraMgadairya jise hama AMkhoM se dekha sakate haiM vaha baiganI raMga ko pradarzita karatI hai tathA adhikatama taraMgadaidhya jise hama AMkhoM se dekha sakate haiM vaha lAla raMga ko pradarzita karatI hai / prakAza se milane vAle sAmAnya prakAza meM dRzya kSetra kI sabhI taraMgeM vidyamAna hotI haiM / jaba yaha prakAza kisI piNDa para par3atA hai to vaha kucha vikiraNoM kA avazoSaNa kara letA hai tathA zeSa ko parAvartita kara detA hai| parAvartita vikiraNa hamArI A~khoM taka pahu~cate hai tathA una parAvartita vikaraNoM kA jo sambandhita raMga hotA hai usakA hameM AbhAsa hone lagatA hai / vahI raMga vastu kA raMga kahalAtA hai / jaba sUrya kA prakAza ghAsa para par3atA hai, to ghAsa hare raMga ko pradarzita karane vAle raMga ke vikiraNoM ko chor3akara sabhI kA avazoSaNa kara letI hai| kevala hare raMga ko pradarzita karane vAle vikiraNa hI ghAsa se parAvartita hokara hamArI A~khoM taka pahu~cate haiM tathA hameM hare raMga kA AbhAsa karAte haiN| yahA~ yaha spaSTa hai ki ghAsa dvArA hare raMga ke vikiraNoM kA parAvartita karanA tathA zeSa saboM kA avazoSaNa kara lenA svayaM ghAsa kA eka viziSTa guNa hai| isa prakAra raMgoM ke vaijJAnika vizleSaNa ke anusAra ghAsa kA harA dIkhanA yA gulAba kA lAla dIkhanA isa tazya para AdhArita hai ki ve kauna-kauna sI taraMga dairyoM kA avazoSaNa karate haiM tathA kisa-kisa kA parAvartana karate haiN| ataH yaha nizcita hai ki vibhinna taraMgoM kA avazoSaNa tathA parAvartana vastu ke svayaM ke Antarika guNa para AdhArita hotA hai| kisI vastu dvArA kisI viziSTa taraMga ke parAvartana ke kAraNa hI hameM vastu ke raMga kA patA calatA ho, aisA nahIM hai| kabhI-kabhI vastu svayaM meM se bhI kucha viziSTa raMgoM ke vikiraNoM ko utpanna ( utsajita ) karatI hai / udAharaNa ke taura para, jaba kisI vastu kA tApa bar3hAyA jAtA hai, to pahale vastu avarakta vikiraNoM kA utsarjana karatI hai, phira tApa bar3hAne para vastu kA raMga kramazaH lAla, pIlA tathA sapheda hone lagatA hai| bahuta adhika tApa bar3hAne para vastu kA raMga nIlA dikhAI dene lagatA hai, jaisA ki kucha tAroM kA raMga hotA hai| yahA~ eka bAta dhyAna dene kI yaha hai ki vastu kA raMga kramazaH parivartita hotA rahatA hai tathA vaha usake tApamAna para AdhArita hotA hai| kvArka tathA gluAna ke raMga Adhunika vijJAna ke anusAra, kvAkaM tathA glUAna padArtha ke sabase choTe kaNa haiM / pratyeka padArtha inase milakara hI banA hotA hai / kvAka Avezita kaNa hote haiM, jabaki glUAna Avezarahita kaNa hote haiM / aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki pratyeka riAna tIna kvAkoM se milakara banA hotA hai| ina kvArkoM kI UrjAe~ samAna hotI hai tathA pracakraNa kI dizA bhI samAna hotI hai| lekina saiddhAntika rUpa se samAna UrjA vAle tathA samAna pracakraNa kI dizA vAle tIna kvAka eka sAtha raha nahIM sakate haiN| ataH beriAna kA bananA asambhava hai| isa kaThinAI ko dUra karane ke lie thaha mAnA gayA ki kvArka tathA glaAna kA kucha na kucha raMga avazya hotA hai / yaha raMga nIlA tathA lAla meM se koI eka hotA hai| isa prakAra eka beriAna ke tInoM kvArka samAna UrjA tathA samAna pracakraNa kI dizA vAle to hote haiM. lekina unake raMga alaga-alaga hote haiN| yaha prAyogika taura para bhI dekhA jA cukA hai ki kvArka tathA glUAna meM lAla, pIlA tathA nIlA meM se koI eka raMga avazya hotA hai| __kvArka kI taraha hI prati kvArka bhI hote haiM / prati kvArka kA raMga bhI pratiraMga hotA hai| jaba eka kvAkaM kisI pratiraMga ke pratikvArka ke saMyoga meM AtA hai, to eka mesaoNna banatA hai| yaha mesaoNna raMgahIna hotA hai| mUlabhUta kaNoM kvArka tathA gluAna ke raMgoM kI vyAkhyA karane ke lie eka naye gatikI siddhAnta kA pratipAdana bhI kiyA gayA hai, jise 'pramAtrA raMga gatikI' kahate haiN|

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236 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha kucha mahatvapUrNa pahalU saMkSepa meM, raMgoM (varNoM) ke sambandha meM jaina dRSTikoNa ko do bhAgoM meM bA~TA jA sakatA hai - ( 1 ) raMga padArtha padArtha kA eka mUlabhUta (abhinna) guNa hai, tathA (2) ye raMga pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiN| aba hama ina donoM tathyoM ko vaijJAnika pariprekSya meM vyAkhyA kreN| yaha sarva vidita hai ki saMsAra meM bahuta sI aisI vastue~ haiM jinake koI raMga nahIM hotA / udAharaNa ke taura para, acche kisma kA kA~ca (Thosa), Asavita jala (drava) tathA vAyu (gaisa) raMga vihIna hote haiM / taba hama yaha kaise kaha sakate haiM ki raMga padArtha kA abhijAnya guNa hotA hai ? isa prakAra ke padArthoM meM raMgoM ke astitva kI vyAkhyA karane ke lie hameM mUlabhUta kaNoM ke guNoM ke bAre meM vicAra karanA hogA / kvArka padArtha kA sabase choTA kaNa mAnA jAtA hai / hama ise apanI A~khoM se nahIM dekha sakate haiM, lekina Adhunika vijJAnAnusAra pratyeka kvArka kA kucha raMga avazya hotA hai / jaba hama kvArka ko hI nahIM dekha sakate, taba usake raMga kA dekha pAne kA to koI prazna ho nahIM hai / taba 'kvArka kA raMga lAla hai', aisA kahane kA hamArA tAtparya kyA hai yaha kahane se hamArA tAtparya yaha hai ki lAla kvAkaM hamezA isa AvRtti se kampana karatA hai jo ki lAla raMga ko pradarzita karate haiM / lekina isa AvRtti se sambandhita taraMga dairdhya kI tIvratA itanI kama hotI hai ki hama use dekha nahIM sakate haiN| eka bAta yaha aura ki jaba eka raMgIna kvAkaM eka pratiraMga ke pratikvAkaM se milatA hai to raMgahIna mesaoNna banatA hai / isa prakAra raMgona kvAkaM raMgahIna mesaoNna kA nirmANa karate haiM / yahA~ hama yaha mAna sakate haiM ki kvArka paramANu kA hI eka rUpa hai tathA mesaoNna sabase choTA skandha hai / ataH vijJAna ke anusAra, paramANu (kvArka) hamezA raMgIna hI hotA hai lekina skandha ( mesaoNna Adi ) raMgIna bhI ho sakate haiM tathA raMgahIna bhI ho sakate haiM / ataH hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~ce ki pratyeka vastu bahuta sAre raMgIna paramANuoM se milakara banI hotI hai / isa apekSA se raMga padArtha kA eka mUlabhUta ( abhinna ) guNa hai / lekina yahA~ hamako yaha mAnanA hogA ki yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki pratyeka skandha ( vastu ) raMgIna hI ho / ? dUsarA muddA jisa para vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai, vaha yaha hai ki loka meM kula kitane raMga upalabdha hai yA yUM kaheM ki padArtha meM kula kitane raMga hote haiM ? jaina dharmAnusAra raMga pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM / lekina Adhunika vijJAna ke anusAra aisA nahIM hai / vidyuta cumbakIya sTekTrama ke dRzya kSetra kI pratyeka taraMga dairdhya kisI na kisI raMga se avazya samba ndhita hotI hai / yadi taraMgadaidhyaM meM thor3A-sA bhI parivartana A jAye to raMga bhI badala jAtA hai / isa prakAra, raMga kaI prakAra ke ho sakate haiM / vyavahAra meM bhI hama dekhate haiM ki raMga jaI prakAra ke hote haiM / taba hama isa bAta kI puSTi kaise kareM ki padArtha ke pA~ca raMga hI hote haiM ? sarvaprathama hameM raMgoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta karanA hogA - (1) prAthamika (mUla) raMga, tathA (2) vyutpanna raMga / mUla raMga kula pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM / vyutpanna raMga bahuta se ho sakate haiM / jaba hama yaha kahate haiM ki vastu kA raMga pA~ca mUla raMgoM se bhinna haiM, taba yaha ho samajhanA cAhiye ki usa vastu kA raMga ina pA~ca mUla raMgoM ke vibhinna anupAta meM milane se hA banA hai / pA~ca raMgoM ke astitva ko punaH kvArka ke raMgoM kI vyAkhyA ke AdhAra para spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai / kvArka kA raMga tona raMgoM meM se koI eka hotA hai / yadi hama kvArka ko paramANu kA hI rUpa mAneM to, vijJAna ke anusAra pratyeka paramANu (kvArka) kA raMga tona meM se koI eka ho hogaa| ye tIna raMga nIlA, pIlA tathA lAla haiM / lekina skandha ke kaI raMga ho sakate haiM / skandha kA raMga usameM nihita paramANukoM ke raMgoM para AdhArita hotA hai / lekina abhI samasyA kA pUrNa hala nahIM ho pAyA hai / jaina dharma ke anusAra mUla raMga tIna nahIM, pA~ca hote haiN| zeSa do raMga sapheda tathA kAlA hai| vijJAna ke anusAra 'kisI vastu kA raMga sapheda hai' yaha kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki vaha vastu dRzya kSetra ke sabhI vikiraNoM kA parAvartana yA utsarjana karatI hai / isI prakAra, kisI vastu kA raMga kAlA hai, yaha kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki vaha vastu dRzya kSetra ke sabhI vikiraNoM kA avazoSaNa kara letI haiN| hama yaha kaha sakate haiN| [ khaNDa

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varNa : padArtha kA eka abhinna guNa 237 ki sapheda athavA kAlA raMga nahIM haiM balki vastu kA kucha viziSTa lAga hai| ataH upavAra se hama kaha sakate haiM ki sapheda yA kAlA bhI raMga hotA hai| jaba sUrya se Ane vAlA sapheda prakAza prijma meM se gujaratA hai, to murUpataH sAta raMgoM kA spekTrama dikhAI detA hai / taba ye sAta raMga pAMca raMgoM se bhinna hue / prakAza svayaM eka skandha hai / ataH jo kucha hama dekhate haiM, usakA mAdhyama skandha hai, na ki paramANu / jaba hama vibhinna raMgoM ko dekhane kI bAta kahate haiM, to usakA matalaba skandha ke raMgoM se hI hai / ye skandha prakAza ke rUpa meM vastu se parAvartita hokara hamArI A~khoM taka Ate haiM tathA hameM raMgoM kA AbhAsa karAte haiM / skandha kA raMga usake vibhinna paramANuoM kI vibhinna tIvratAoM kA pariNAma hai / isase hama isa niSkarSa para pahuce ki padArtha ke sabase sUkSma kaNa-paramANu kA raMga tona raMgoM meM se koI eka avazya hotA hai| ye raMga nolA, polA tathA lAla hai| do raMga-sapheda tathA kAlA upacAra se kahe gaye haiN| lekina skandha kA raMga ina pAMca raMgoM se bhinna ho sakatA hai, vaha usake vibhinna paramANu ke raMgoM para Azrita hai| ataH jainadharma meM pudgala (padArtha) ke raMgoM ke bAre meM jo kucha kahA gayA hai, vaha paramANu kI apekSA hI sahI hai; skandha kI apekSA se nhiiN| sabhI jIvoM ko apanI Ayu priya hai, sabhI sukha cAhate haiM aura duHkha se ghabar3Ate haiM / sabhI ko badha apriya hai aura jIvana priya hai, sabhI jonA cAhate haiM / jJAno hone kA sAra yahI hai, kisI prANo kI hiMsA na kro| itanA hI jAno ki ahiMsA aura samatA ho dharma hai / /

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Jain Theory of Skandhas or Molecules N. L. JAIN Jain Kendra, Rewa (M.P.) Skandha : Definition of a Specific Term Primarily, the postulate of two classes of mattergy-anu (atom) and skandha (molecules) based on basic conceptual structure of matter is most important among the many classifications. The molecules of the current times are now equated to skandhas. They are comparatively gross and percievable. They could therefore be studied and described in an intelligible way. They are treated first in preference to finest anus or atoms. They are like trunk of a tree supporting the material universe. The term skandha is a typical and specific term in Jaina philosophy representing a unit of matter different from atoms but composed of them. The scriptures define the term quite clearly with the following points : (1) Molecules are aggregates or combination of atoms.1 They are nonnatural modifications dependant on other objects." (ii) They are gross and fine in forms. Some of them are visible to the eye while others may not be visible. (iii) The molecules in the matter are in a state of motion caused internally or externally. (iv) They can be taken by hand, recieved or bonded with others and handled as desired.4 (v) There are smaller molecular entities too like those formed from aggregation of two atoms. They may not be satisfying (iv) above, still by interpolation, they ara also called molecules-of course fine ones,5 (vi) They are characterised by the sound, bonding, division, fineness, grossness, shape, darkness, shadow, sunshine, moonlight, motion and touch, taste. smell and color etc.6 (vii) There are infinite number of molecules. They can be classified in many ways. (viii) They are produced by association, dissociation and a mixed process. The sense percep tible ones are produced by the mixed process.? 1. Kundkund, Acharya; Panchartikaya, Bhartiya Gyansith, Delhi, 1975, p. 65-70 2. Ibid; Niyamsara, Jain Publishing House, Lucknow, 1931, p. 15 3. Nemchand, Chakravarti; Gommatsar Jivkanda, Raichand Granthmala, Agas, 1972, p. 267 4. Jain, S. A.; Reality, Vir Shasan Sangha, Calcutta, 1960, p. 151-54 5-7. ibid, p. 150, 51, 54

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Jain Theory of Skandhas or Molecules pas (ix) Those molecules are supposed to be embodying all characteristics of the piece of matter to which they belong. (x) They are active and may be transformed or modified in various ways. The Budhists have one word for matter-rupa-consisting of two varieties-primary elements or mahabhutas and secondary elements or utpad rupa. Both of them are called Rupa-skandhas consisting of atoms and molecules. However, the Budhist's ato.nz, co.nbined atoms, or primary elements are equivalent to Skandhas of the Jainas as they are made up of 7-10 small constituents. Thus, for them, matter is nearly molecular. The utpad rupas have been described to be fifteen, sixteen or twentyfour in number all molecular species. The Vaisheshikas postulate atomic theory but they do not have a seperate or common term for atomic aggregations. Those are called effects by them, their nomenclature depending on the number of atoms participating in aggregation like diatonic, triatonic etc.9 The composite-constituent concept of inferential nature in this connection has been discussed by Prabhachandra.10 Current scientists have the term molecule for atomic combinations. However, the molecules are chemically bonded in contrast to many physically bonded atonic aggregates. The Jain term Skandha includes, however, both types of bonding-physical and chemical as well. The current exemples may be mixture of inert gases in air, molecules of hydrogen or oxygen elements or water. The skandhas, thus, include all types of aggregation of elements, molecules, compounds or mixtures. This Jain term is, therefore, more general than the term molecule of the scientists. These molecules have the capacity, however, to get dissociated into its constituents. Classification of Skandhas The Skandhas are innumerable. The scholars felt the need of classifying them for their proper studies. They have been classified in many ways. The first classification consists of their two varieties-gross and fine, sense pesceptible or otherwise. This is based on commonsense view. The other classifications are based on that of matter as such and summarised in Table 1. They are not illustrated except in the fourth one where the criteria of eye-perceptiblrty has produced a discrepancy in current terms pointed out by Jain 11 and Jain. 12 There is one more point regarding the illustrative meaning of the 8. Chaudhuri, A.; Concept of Matter in early Budhism' in KCS Fel. Vol., Rewa, 1980, p. 426 9. Prashastpada, Acharya, Prashastpada Bhashya, Sanskrit Univ., Kashi, 1977, p. 78 10. Prabhachandra, Acharya, Prameykamal Martand, Nirnaysagar Press, Bombay, 1941, p. 605-19 11. Jain, N. L.; Amar Bharti, 1985 12. Jain, A. K.; Tulsi Pragya, Ladnun, 12, 4, 1987; p. 40

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24. paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [DaNkha sixth category of fine-fine class. Kundkund illustrates it with finer particles than karmic aggregates. Javeri supports it by saying that action particles are made up of innumerable number of ideal atoms. He means that even this type of aggregate will be finer than the fifth category. This may include dyads, triads etc. However, Jain 18 illustrates it by the current atomic constituents like neutrons etc. However, because of aggregate, it will be skandha or molecule in Jainological terms. This will be approximately 10-18 cm, in size according to Yativrishabh-a size representing the current nuclear size.14 This suggests that Jain's illustration should be taken meaningful. This, however, creates another problem in explaining the various properties of canonical atoms to be discussed seperately. Jain and Sikdar 15 have made a basic mistake in assuming the sixth category as atomic despite the Khandha hu Chhappayara" statement of Kundkund. This should be rectified and the resultant discussion be modified accordingly. Table 1. Various Classifications of Skandha or Molecules by Jainas Classes 3 ni Names Gross and Fine Seandha, Skandhdesa, Skandhapradesha Transformable by internal, external or mixed causes Gross-gross, Gross, Gross-fine, Fine-gross, Fine, Fine-fine 23 Varganas (detailed later) With respect to five qualities as primary and secondary (detailed later) 238 53016 The second classification is based on matter in general where three out of four varieties should be Skandhas. Accordingly, the canonical sizes should be leas than one-fourth the size of a skandha. Here, one is unable to guess about the meaning of skandha whether it is diatomic or polyatomic. If it is diatomic, the skandhdesa will be atomic and the third class will be sub-atomic. In other words, the canonical atom should be divisible which seems undesirable. This suggests the Jain's illustrative equations of these terms are not correct. Javeri, on the other hand, takes a real view of defining skandha with grosser bodies and the other terms being its conceptual divisions and skandha by themselves. The skandhapradesha, in this way will mean a single molecule of an element or compound consisting of number of atoms possessing the preparty of the skandha itself. The other classifications have already been described elsewhere. They seem to be more philosophical than scientific. 13. Jain, G. R.; Cosmology, Old and New, Bhartiya Gyanpitha, Delhi, 1975, p. 65 14. Yativrishabh, Acharya, Tilloypannatti, Jivraj Granthmala, Sholapur, 1955, p. 13 15. Sikdar, J. C.; Concept of Matter in Jain Philosophy, PVRI, Varanasi, 1987 16. Shyama, Arya, Vachak; Pragyapana Sutre-1, AP Samiti, Beavar, 1983, p. 31 17. Javeri, J. S., Atomic Theory of Jainas, Jain Vishwa Bharti, Ladnun, 1975

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Jain Theory of Skandhas or Molecules 289 Methods of Formation of Molecules or Skandhas The formation of molecules takes place by combination or aggregation of atoms according to the theory of Bonding proposed by the Jainas and discuased elsewhere 18 When small number of atoms combine, they form sense-imperceptible molecules. When many atoms or molecules combine, they form gross molecules. It is stated in literature that combination takes place by three methods19: (i) By division or dissociation of molecules of bigger size to smaller ones. (ii) By association or sharing of atoms together. (iii) By a mixed process of association and dissociation. The dissociation may take place by internal or external causes as in radioactivity or process of ionisation. We also know today that it may also take place thermally, by application of pressure or bombardment. It is said that these methods are akin to the three types of valency or bonding of current science subject to certain modified version of traditional opinions. Umaswami and Pujyapad20 have pointed out that sense-perceptible molecules are formed by the mixed method of association and dissociation. The latter has illustrated this point by saying that a fine molecule may be split and its parts may combine with other bigger molecules to form a gross molecule. However, Shastri has raised a point whether Umaswami's aphorism should mean a mixed process or two individual processes. Grammatically, the dual number in the aphorism should mean two processes rather than a single one, otherwise, there should be singular number in the aphorism. There must be some specific aim in this composition the commentarians have not elaborated. However, it is quite common to have visible molecules by combination of atoms or fine skandhas. Shastri seems to be right to seek how division as a single process can yield gross molecules. There are, however, a number of examples today to prove this. Sulfur Dioxide or Carbon Dioxide are canonically invisible gases and they, on thermal or electrical decomposition, give solid visible sulfur or visible sulfur or carbon skandhas. Jain22 has exemplified these processes by formation of hydrochloric acid and ionisation of air representing combination and division respectively. Hence visible skandhas are formed bothways and the corresponding aphorism should mean two individual processes. However, examples of molecular formation by combination of the two processes are also available. Thus, aphorism concerned seems to be superfluous in view of aphorism "Bhed-Samghatebhyah Utpadyante". This point requires closer examination. 18. Jain, N. L; Chemical Theories of Jainas, Chymia, 11, 1, 1961, p. 11 19. Jain, G. R.; see ref. 13 p. 140 20. ibid. p. 146 21. Shastri, JML; Jain Shastron main Vaigyanik Sanket, This vol., p. 228 22. See ref. 13 p. 146 31

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242 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha us Conditions for Formation of Skandhas or Molecules Normally, the various types of motions of the molecule-forming atoms are elastic in nature. They are not only irregular but they are non-bonding also. This poses a problem as to how the bonding takes place and molecules are formed. This may be assumed that the bonding takes place due to contact and collisions among the stoms and bonding entities. The contact may be partial or whole. It is said that the contact by whole leads to homogeneous molecules like milk-water and hot iron. But, of course, only contact does not lead to molecular formation, it must be forcefully colliding and bond forming. There is collision, but it may lead only to change in speed only28. Different atoms combine when there is sufficient difference between the velocities of the combining atoms. This could be either internal or induced. This causes inelastic collision leading to bonding. Besides contact and bonding collision, difference in the nature of the bonding atoms (positive or negative) also piays an important part in bonding. This causes natural bond. This could also be formed in presence of metallic catalysts like containers and microorganisms and changes in conditions like temperature (and nowa-days pressure too). The production of natural sparks, burning of planets, eruption of volcanoes are examples of natural bonding. Formation of clouds, rainbows, hailstorms, lightning etc are also other forms in which molecules are formed though they represent physical aggregation in most cases. Thus, we have physical, physico-chemical and chemical bonding molecules under different conditions. We thus find that the conditions of bonding mentioned in literature are nearly the same as are known today to every High school student. However, many more agents like light etc. are now available for this purpose. Functions of Molecules or Skandhas The molecules have three major functions to perform. The first is physical or physico-chemical. The molecules of our body, mind and other organs are there for proper functioning of our life. Current scientists have found the basic unit of the living as protoplasm which has a company of molecular structures including nucleic acids. But how this company of non-living molecules bring about life? This is the problem and a dividing line between science and philosophy. The second function of the molecules may be taken as spiritual or suprasensual. The living beings have feeling of pleasure, pain etc. These depend on physical environment and changes therein which is all molecular. These actually effect the sensing system of our bodies leading to the corresponding sensations. These environments are very fine and consist of even the karma particles. Besides, our own actions and their effects also lead to a variety of reflex actions and reactions producing characteristic aura around the body. Thus, the molecules not only create our lives, but they effect its course also indirectly. 23. See ref. 3 p. 267

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Jain Theory of Skandhas or Molecules 243 All our tendencies towards better thoughts and actions are governed by the quality of karma molecules getting in and out of bodies. We require better type of molecules for better lives. The above functions are related with our lives directly. However, the most impor tant aspect of skandhas is their capacity to maintain, modify and form newer and changed objects of different types of molecules. This capacity is the base for development of modern amenities. The purification of water by alum, production of butter from milk, purification of metals by borax and alkalis-are examples of utilitarian changes of chemical The capacity of skandhas has been studied by the scientista extensively and as a result, we have a world full of entertaining materials. Could we say these materials will not lead to our spiritual development ? Bhagwati and Umaswami mention the six embodiments (earth to trasa kaya), five bodies, speech, mind and respirations as the effects of Skandhas. They also mention 14-16 manifestatins of skandhas with some variations with Uttaradhyayan, 1634 and Umaswami, 1425, These consist of some physical energies and some properties in which changes are observable. They are discussed under the physical contents. Properties of Skandhas All fine and gross skandhas have all the general and special properties of matter. There are eight general and six specific properties. The have already been described, Besides, it may be mentioned that each molecule has cohesive or adhesive force inherent in it so that it could combine with its own or different type. There is a variety of action, or motion including rotation, vibration and translation. Translatory motion has highest force for chemical bonding. There are some technical terms used in this connection like Parispand and Parivarta etc. which have been explained by Sikdar,26 Description of Specific Skandhas The finite variety of Skandhas can be seen to exist in four specific forms-earth, water, air and fire. Kundkund mentions them as dhatus. The four mahabhutas of the Buddhas and four types of basic atoms of Vaisheshikas remind us some conceptual similarity. It may be suggested that they represent the various states of matter rather than the specific skandhas. Thus, the earth represents the solids, water the liquids, air the gases and fire the various forms of energies. This statement is supported by the fact that the seers have enumerated a variety of earth ranging between 21-40. However, this becomes a little 24. Sadhwi Chandanaji (ed & tr.); Uttaradhyayan, Sanmati Gyanpith, Agra, 19/6, p. 380 25. See ref. 13, p. 122 and 130 26. Muni Nathmal; Dashvaikalika: Ek Samikshatmak Adhyayan, S. T. Mahasabha, Calcutta, 1967, p. 113

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244 50 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa doubtful when one finds that they have classified water, air and fire only in their naturally rccurring forms. How they could overlook the enormous variey of liquids like oil, butterfat, asavas etc. and gases is a matter of surprise and clarification. Another fact stated in canons is that all these skandhas are termed as living during their growth and development.26 Their hardness or adhesiveness has been taken as sign of livingness. However, they turn nonliving when heated or cut. We will describe them as in canons. The Earth The earth, representing the class of solids, is characterised by different degree of hardness. It has valuables under and over it. Acharang27 and Mulachar23 have classified the earth in the first instance followed by others later. The description is based on its assumption of being one sensed. It has been classified in four categories of earth, earth body, earth creature and earth soul. Out of them, the first and second are clearly nonliving, the third has been called living because of its being substratum for living entities, it is nonliving. The fourth variety seems to be only living about which no clarification is evailable. Currently, it is debatable whether living charactaristics apply to earth as a class. However, it has been shown to have many types. The earliest earth classification is traceable in Dashvaikalika (i. e. 427 B. C.). It mentions only three types--bhiti, shila and binding materials. Later on these types have been expanded. Scriptures mention its two broad types-soft and hard. The sot five or seven coloured varieties as shown in Achgrang and Prgyapana :29 A : Red, green, yellow, white, black earths. P: Red, green, yellow, white, black, pandu and panak earths. Perchance these refer to various colored soils found in nature. The hard types are shown in Table 2 as found in literature. Though there seems to be a large amount of similarity in these types, still some addition and deletions forecast many informations. The Acharang earths contain all solids, the 14 gems being additional to the list totalling 35. In the second classification of about 250 year later, not only gems get included in the list but their number also increases from 14 to 18. Moreover, Mercury is also added to metals. This is an exception to the class of solids. This suggests that mercury was discovered or put to use between 300-500 B. C. Though Santisuri follows Pragypana, but it has curtailed the number to 21 by condensing the gems to 3 types and seven metals to one type. Some new substances like chalk and soda have also been added with the exclusion of diamond and pebbles etc. Amrit Chandrasuria 9a follows Mulachara with 21 substances and 15 gems making 36 earths. It 27. Shantisuri, Jiv Vichar Prakarnam, Jain Mission Society, Madras, 1950, p. 23-25 28. Battker, Acharya; Mulachar-1, Bhartiya Gyanpitha, Delhi, 1984, p. 177 29. See ref. 16 p. 38

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Jain Theory of Skandha3 or Molecules 28% excludes mercury and soda but includes copper sulfate. The last two classifications add pewter in metals which is actually an alloy. Amritchandra Suri has made the Masargalla variety into two varieties. On Chemical examinton of these various earths, it is seen that they contain elements, compounds, minerals, mixtures and gems known during different canonical periods. The earths are said to be the carrier of a variety of valuables. Dashvaikalika mentions 24 valuables including some trees and medicinal plants but excluding cereals and pulses,80 Gold has an important status among all the solids, used for coins, ornanents and medicines. It is antipoison and all proof. Its purity is judged by heat resistance, beating, rubbing and drilling. It was assumed that when lead was converted into gold, many factors including vital force worked. It is obtained by heating its ore with salt and borax. Other metals are also obtained similarly. Artificial gold has also been mentioned in Niryuktis.81 Tempering is one of the ways to improve the quality of iron. Descriptions about other earths or metals is not available in canons. The above description about solids seems to be quite small and inconplete when compared with the current knowledge. Still it proves the ancient scholars did observe what was existing. The Vanisheshikas82 have only three types of earth-soils, stones and minerals and immobiles (vg kingdom). The Jainas do not have this last categoy. Tabla 2 suggests Jainas advancement over Vaisheshikas in this regard. The Buddhists have not much to offer in this matter. The Water Class Like earth, water represents liquid skandhas. They are divided in two classes-fing and gross. No examples of fine variety are available. However, gross water could b3 of three types-paniya (water), pan (alcohols) and panak (Medicinal Waters). Fludity is the chief characteristic of this class. Ordinary water has two variety-overground and underground. They have been subclassified in different agamic periods as shown in Table 3. The Pragyapana gives the best classification with 16 varieties of water liquids including all the three major varieties. Mulachara and Amritchandra have nothing special. Shantisuri has seven varieties on which earth rests. There are two types of creatures found in water-air bodied and waterbodied.88 The normal water is purified by boiling or by using alum. It is said that the ascetics should use the water cooled after heating. The pure water becomes substratum for microrganisms when kept for 12-24 hours. Fermented or lemon waters are acidic which increases on keeping them longer due to further fermentation 30. See ref. 36 p. 177 31. See ref. 36 p. 224 32. See ref. 9 p. 89 33. See ref. 26 p. 117

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246 50 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grankha [ aus Table 2. Various Types of Earths Acharang Moolachara, Tattwarthsara Pragyapana Uttare dhyayan Shantisuri 40 35 36 20 Soils Stones Soils Stones Slabs Pebbles ... Solis Stones Slabs Pebbles Soils Soils Slabs Pebbles 40 Soils Stones Slaba Pebbles Kirelak 4. 5. Gold etc. Metals 6. Iron 7. Copper 8. Lead 9. Silver 10. Gold 11. ... Iron Copper Lead Silver Gold Iron Copper Lead Silver Gold Iron Copper Lead Silver Gold Mercury Mercury Alloys 12. Pewter Pewter Pewter Diamond Diamond Non-metals 13. Diamond Diamond Mineral/Compounds 14. Salts Salts 15. Usham Usham 16. Yellow Orpiment Yellow Orp. 17. Vermillion Vermillion 18. Realgar Realgar 19. Ant. Sulfide Ant. sulfide 20. Mica Mica 21. Sand Sand 22. Fine sand Mica sand Salts Usham Yell. Orpiment Vermillion Realgar Ant. Sulf. Salts Usham Yell. Orpiment Vermillion Realgar Ant. Sulfide Mica Sand Salts Soda/Sulfate Yellow Orp. Vermillion Realgar Sauviranjan Mica (5 color) Mica ... Sand Micasand Sand Chalk 23. 24. Coppersulfate Coral Coral Coral Coral Natural Substances 25. Coral Gems 26. Gomed Gomed Gomed Gomed

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Jain Theory of Skahdhas or Molecules Pro Ruchak Sphatik Lohitaksha Markat Masargalla Gems Sphatik Jewels 27. Ruchak 28. Sphatik 29. Lohitaksha 30. Market (Nil) 31. Nasargalla 32. Bhujmodak 33. Anka 34. Indranil 35. Chadraprabh 36. Vaidurya 37. Jalkant 38. Surykant 39. Chandan Ruchak Sphatik Lohitaksha Markat Masargalla Bhujmodak Anka Indranil Chandraprabh Baidurya Jalkant Surykant Ruchak Sphatik Lohitaksha Bappak Masargalla Bhujmodak Anka Indranil Chandraprabh Vaidurya Jalkant Suryakant Chandan Anka Moch or Nil Chandraprabh Vaidurya Jalkant Surykant Chandan 40. Manikant 41. Gairik 42. Pulak Saugandhik Hansgarbh 45. Gairik Pulak Saugandhik Hansgarbh 4 Gairik Pulak Sangandhik Hansgarbh Pandurang Ruchakank Pushprag, Bak Ruchakanka 47. 48. .. Table 3. Various Types of Water in Jain Canons Uttaradhyayan Dashvaikalika Mulachara Tattwarthsara Pragyapana Shantisuri 21 7 Ice Dew Ice Mist Overground Waters Dew Dew Ice Mist Mist Hails Hails Waterdrops Waterdrops on greengrass on gr grass Underground Water Udak Udak Dew Dew Ice Ice Mist Mist Hails (solids) Hails Waterdrops Waterdrops on gr grass on gr grass Waterdrops on grass Udak Pure Udak Rain water Dense water Water, well, river etc. Cold

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248 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [203 Hot (spring) Alkaline Slight acidic Acidic Salt/sea water Wine (Varun) water Milk (Kshira) water Butter (ghrit) water Sweet (cane) water Rasodaka where alcohol or vinegar is produced. These waters should not be used as common drinking waters. The Pragyapana description about the sources of water are quite statisfactory. But they describe only solid and liquid water. The gaseous water does not find any mention. The old litrature does not contain much about alcohols and medicial waters. This forms the subject of other faculties. However, it has been pointed out that they should not be used for better health and spirits. Amritchandra has described alcohol as a source of many microorganisms and it causes intoxication and idleness. 84 Butter is also produced by a similar process. One does not have much discription about liquid oils. However, butter and oils form a class of liquids which are water insoluble. Many other liquids are water coluble. They are discribed to some extent in Ayurvedic texts. It seems from the above that there were three types of liquids in use in olden times. The number of liquids is enormous today. Their properties vary. The earlier of general properties show that quite a good number of properties of liquids are found in cannons. The Vaisheshikas 85 have sea, river, dew and ice water with many other varieties not mentioned. This is much less than what is discribed in Jain literature. The Buddhas have aiso a similar case as with the earths. The Air or Gaseous Skandhas As earlier, the air should represent the gaseous class of sustances. They move obliquely. Formerly only colorless gases might be known which could not be visible to the eye but other senses could sense them by their blowing, flowing or smell. It seems, however, that no other gas except air was known in canonical periods. That is why only various types of air are discribed in this oategory. The earths and water fare a little better in this regard. 34. Amritchandra Suri; Purusharthsidhyupaya, D. J. S. N. Trust, Songarh, 1978, p. 61 35. See ref. 9 P: 96

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Jain Theory of Skandhas or Molecules 288 Air nas been classified diffrently in different periods as shown in Table 4. The Dashvajkalika classifias it in seven types-a common sense view. But there is a peculiarity. Air from mouth is also included in it which is now taken as chemically different from normal air in the sky. Other airs may be called non-violent airs or breezes. Pragyapana has a better classification of air consistirg of seventeen varieties depending on direction, valocity, action or physical state. Shantisuri has eight varieties which include air from mouth and some other Pragyapana varieties. It has excluded all directional winds. Battaker and Amritchandra have seven varieties excluding mouth air. All these categories do not include air from nose without which our life would be in danger. Perchance, this could be taken as included in mouth air though it is compositionally different. Of course, if the concept of Pranas as substance is taken, respiration may include it. Some properties of air find mention in canons. It has been said tha air helps combustion while whirlwind obstructs it.36 It is inhaled and exhaled by the body. Its material or molecular nature can be proved by its obstruction or subjugetion.87 Bhagwati Table 4. Various Types of Airs in Jaina Canonons Pragyanana Shantisuri Uttara dhyayan Mulachara, Tattwarthsara DashvaiKalika 7 19 Wind blowing Wind blowing (i) Upwards Upwards (ii) Downwards Downwards 3. Whirlwind Whirlwind 4. Singing air Singing air 5. Dense air Dense air 6. Breeze, pure air Breeze Rarified air Wind blowing Wind blowing Upwards Upwards Downwards Downwards Whirlwind Whirlwind Singing air Singing air Dense air Dense air Breeze Breeze Rarefied Rarefied air Air from mouth Air from mouth Air of 8 directions Stormy air Air Destructive Wind in waves Fan air Leaves air Air, breeze Air, cloths Air, hand Air, feather Air, mouth 9-10. 17. 8 19. 36. Kundkunda, Achary; Ashtpahud, Jain Sansthan, Mahavirji, 1970, p. 442 37. See ref. 4, p. 146

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250 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha mentions its property of expansion and contraction. There are many types of microorganisms in air. Their properties have come to science quite late in Pasteur's time. Though air is skandha, but there is no mention whether it is a mixture or compound. The canons contain meagre physical or chemical properties of it. It is now known that there are many gases besides air-some colored and others colorless. They could be lique. fied and solidified. They could be put to large number of uses. The Vaisheshikas88 also have obliquely moving air which is recognised by touch and inferred by a-hot-a cold touch, production of sound and vibrations and by causing lighter bodies to float in sky. Despite mentioning its innumerable varieties, they have pointed only inhaling and exhaling air present in all parts of the body. Its obstruction has also been mentioned. It is said that it causes biochemical processes to proceed and the body to run-a fact not mentioned by the Jainas. The Buddhas have air as a primary matter with not much details about it. The Fire or Taijas Sksndhas The fire or taijasa skandhas represent various types of energy particles. Some of them like light are visible by sense of sight while others are percieved by senses other than sight Basically sunrays or fires are called taijasa. They are not by nature a point not mentioned in literature but observed physically. That is why sound energy has not been called taijasa. The Pragyapanas9 classifies these skandhas in two-fine and gross forms. It is the gross variety that has been classified in canons and shown in Table 5. The flames (with or without light) are the known forms of gross fires. Dashivaikalika 4) gives seven forms of fires while Pragyapana describes at least twelve forms. Others mention their own numbers. But if one takes pure fire as fire produced without fuels (i.e. by striking stones, rods or bamboos and gem fire-burning through glass or gems) and star burning, electric lightning etc. are all included in the Ulka variety, then there is not much difference in the varieties of fires by different authors. It may be guessed that those mentioned ones are not the only fire skandhas, but there may be many others as the authors use the term etc. They have done so in case of water and earths also. The above taijasa skandhas have three aspects: heat and/or light and electric lightening which is produced by differece in charges. Thus, it may be inferred that the term taijasa has included energies (of today) known during the canonical periods. The important point to be noted here is that the electric lightning or its forms in the sky have been taken as fire skandhas. These are natural forms of electricity. All these are described in physics rather than chemistry of today. 38. See ref. 9 p. 118-20 39. See ref. 16, p. 46 40. See ref. 26, p. 112

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Jain Theory of Skandhas or Molecules 789 Uttaradhyana Burning coal without smoke Straw/cowdung fire Flame Ulka Pure fire Electric lightning Table 5. Various Types of Fires in Jaina Canons Dashvaikalika Tattwarthsara Pragyapena Shantisuri 12 Burning coal Burning coal Burning coal Burning coal without smoke without smoke without smoke without smoke Straw/cowdung Straw/cowdung Straw/cowdung Straw/cowdung fire fire fire fire Flame Flame Flame Flame Ulka Ulka Ulka Fuelless fire Fuelless fire Fuelless fire Fuelless fire Electric Electric lightning lightning Halfburnt Halfburnt wood fire wood fire Common fire Common fire Star fires Star fire (kanak) Lamp fire Lamp fire Fire by rubbing Gem fire Nirghat fire Shastri41 has raised a point on the nature of taijasa body-fourth out of five bodiesliving beings possess. It is the cause of heat, activity and digestion in the body. It is said to be fire invisible, devoid of impediments, caused by supernatural powers and luminating others while luminous by itself. It consists of an aggregate of infinite real atoms which are infinite times the number of atoms in the earlier bodies. Due to dense packing, it becomes finer. This luminous body is made up of energy skandhas or taijasa varganas42 whose size is between aharaka (heat ?) and bhasa varganas. This point has been commented upon earlier. Jain and Javeri48 have called it electrical or electromagnetic in nature. This is found in every living beings from birth to death. Per chance heat or ahara is converted into this energy for the body to be active and living. It may itself be inactive but it makes the others active. Thus, the taijasa body is thermal or electrical form of the fire skandhas. Akalanka44 has described this body in thirteen ways. Accordingly, its luininosity is as white as cronch. It produces anger and happiness in the living and creates burning and combustion in others. Its size is innumerableth part of an angula, i.e. less than 10-15 cm. It is infinite and universal. It has a max. age of 66 sagaropam-a unit difficult to define 41. See ref. 21 42. See ref. 3, p. 268 43. (a) See ref. 13, p. 57 : (b) See ref. 17, p. 116 44. Akalanka, Bhatta; Rajvartika-1, Bhartiya gyanpith, Delhi, 1954, p. 153

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212 paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha 1203 at current state of our knowledge. These points are based on the skandha nature of taijasa body and require deeper studies for comparative evaluation. Thaker45 has raised one more point regarding the livingness of light and electricity. Current Science points out their non-living nature though the canons tell us these could be both ways. For example, air is necessary for life and lamps cannot burn without it. In contrast, electric lamps burn only in an airless atmosphere. The Vaisheshikas46 presume taijasa atoms with hot touch and white glistening color. They consist of four forms-fuel fire, sky fire, biochemical fire and mineral fire. Out of these, the Jainas have only the first two. The biochemical fire or heat is produced in the body by which it functions. The taijasa of Jainas has been taken as heat energy. They, however, have electrical taijasa body too in addition. The mineral fire is nothing but gold obtained from minerals. This is not acceptable to the Jainas who also do not agree to the exclusive nature of hot touch to the fire skandhas which include gem fire also. Buddhas have taijasa as a skandha with hotness causing cooking of materials. Conclusion The above description of molecular theory and specific skandhas of Jainas confirm, once again, that the theoretical concepts in this regard stand on better footing. The description of visible or gross world seems to be quite incomplete and small in comparision to our current knowledge. It must however be admitted that pragypana gives the best details of the period. Another fact emerging from the above is that the canons have differing or modified contents in nearly every specific case. It is, therefore, very necessary to collect and coordinate the material to present it in a uniform way. 45. 46. See ref. 27, p. 29-32 See ref. 9, p. 97

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jaina vidyAoM meM jIvavijJAna jIvavicAra prakaraNa aura gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa ku0 aMbara jaina zodhachAtrA, a0 pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya rIvA, (ma0 pra0) jainadharma adhyAtmapradhAna hai| usakA lakSya manuSya to kyA, sabhI koTi ke jIvoM ko parama utkarSa kI sthiti meM pahuMcAne kA mArga evaM prakriyA prastuta karanA hai / vaha manuSya ko 'uttama sukha' kA preraka hai| isIliye usake vipula sAhitya meM AcAryoM ne jIva aura jIvana ke viSaya meM paryApta grantha likhe haiN| unhoMne samaya-samaya para SaD-dravyamaya saMsAra kA vivaraNa dete hue isakI dukhamayatA tathA acira sukhamayatA kA varNana karate hae jIvana ko naitika evaM AdhyAtmika dRSTi se tatvabodha karAyA hai / isI prakriyA meM unhoMne bhautika jagata meM vidyamAna tatvoM, ghaTanAoM evaM prAkRtika cakroM kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| dharma kA AdhAra mukhyataH mAnava jIvana hai jo samagra prakAra ke jIvita prANiyoM meM sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa hai| aneka prAcIna granthoM AcArAMga, prajJApanA, jIvAbhigama, SaDkhaMDAgama Adi meM jIvajagata kA vivaraNa pAyA jAtA hai| tatvArthapUtra ora usakI vividha TokAoM meM bhI jIva kA acchA varNana hai| ina sabhI granthoM meM yaha varNana eka laghu aMza ke rUpa meM hai / isake viparyAsa meM, kucha grantha aise bhI hai jinameM kevala jIvoM kA hI varNana diyA gayA hai / ye grantha uttarakAlona grantha hai / inameM se dasavIM sadI ke uttarArdha se gyArahavIM sadI ke bIca likhe gaye dA mahatvapUrNa granthoM ke vivaraNoM ke viSaya meM isa lekha meM vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai| ye do grantha hai-gujarAta tathA dhArAnagarI ke vAsI AcArya zAntibhadrasUrIzvara kA jIvavicAra prakaraNa ora' sudUra dakSiNa ke digaMbarAcArya nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI kA gommaTasAra jovakAMDa / prathama grantha laghukAya hai| isameM kula 50 gAthAyeM hai / isa para vahadatti aura laghutti nAmaka do TokAyeM bhI likhI gaI hai| yaha muni ratnaprabha vijaya jo dvArA saMpAdita tathA zrI jayaMta ThAkara dvArA aMgrejI meM anudita hokara 1950 meM jaina mizana sosAyaTo, madrAsa dvArA prakAzita huA hai| yaha alpajJAta grantha hai para isake vivaraNa mahatvapUrNa hai| isI ke kiMcita pUrvavartI samaya meM AcArya nemacaMdra ne gommaTasAra likhA hai / yaha vRhatkAya hai| isameM 734 gAthAyeM hai / isake hindI va aMgrejI meM anudita saMskaraNa prakAzita hue haiM / isakI bhI do saMskRta TokAyeM haiM-jIvapradIpikA ( 16voM sadI ) va maMdaprabodhinI ( 12vIM sdii)| eka kannar3a TokA bhI hai| digaMbaroM meM yaha sujJAta grantha hai / isa grantha kA vivaraNa vizada hai| paryApta gahana bhI hai| yaha bhautika aura bhAvAtmaka-donoM koTi kA hai / prathama grantha ke cAra adhyAyoM kI tulanA meM isameM bAisa adhyAya haiN| donoM hI granthoM meM jIva ke bheda, zarIra, Ayu, svakAyasthiti, yoni evaM prANoM kA varNana diyA gayA hai| para jIvakAMDa meM bhAvAtmaka guNasthAna AdhArita varNana bhI hai jo jIva vicAra prakaraNa meM nahIM hai| jovoM ke vargIkaraNa bhI donoM granthoM meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra se diye gaye haiN| jahA~ jIvakAMDa meM jIvoM ke 98 jIvasamAsa batAye gaye hai, vahA~ jIva vicAra meM 32 taka ko saMkhyA hI pahu~cI hai / donoM granthoM kI prAyaH samasAmayikatA ko dekhate hue inake vivaraNoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana rocaka viSaya hai| lekhaka AcAryoM kA jIvanavRtta yaha saMyoga kI hI bAta hai ki uparokta donoM granthoM ke lekhaka AcAryoM kA jIvanavRta sujJAta nahIM hai| yaha kevala parokSa AdhAroM para ho, AMzika rUpa meM, jJAta kiyA jA sakA hai / belANo ne dAnoM hI AcAryoM ko vikramo gyArahavIM .

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254 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda granya [khaNDa sadI kA batAyA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki nemacaMdrAcArya kI tulanA meM A0 zAnti sUrIzvara ke viSaya meM kiMcita adhika sUcanAyeM upalabdha hai| nemacandrAcArya ke jIvana ke viSaya meM aneka vidvAnoM ne vicAra kiyA hai| unakA niSkarSa yaha hai ki ve dezIyagaNa ke the aura dakSiNa bhArata ke karNATaka kSetra ke gaMgarAja rAjamalla aura usake maMtrI gommaTa yA cAmuMDarAya ke samakAlIna the| apane granthoM meM unhoMne abhayanaMdi, iMdranaMdi, vIranaMdi, kanakanaMdi aura ajitasena AcAryoM kA guru ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA haiN| inameM se abhayanaMdi sabake guru haiM aura anya AcArya nemacandra ke variSTha sahapAThI haiN| ye sabhI mahAkavi ranna ke samakAlIna hai| zAstrI ne vIranaMdi kA samaya 950-1019 I0 batAyA hai| gommaTezvara bAhabalI kA matipratiSThAkAla 981 I. kA pUrvArdha mAnA jAtA hai| isI AdhAra para 1981 meM isakA sahasrAbdi samAroha manAyA gayA / gaMga rAjalalla kA rAjyakAla bhI 972-982 I0 mAnA jAtA hai| uparokta pratiSThA nemacaMdra kI preraNA se hI saMpanna haI thii| nemacaMdra ke granthoM meM pratiSThita mati kA vivaraNa bhI milatA hai| vikramI gyArahavIM sadI ke kucha zilAlekhoM ke pramANa bhI upalabdha hae hai| inase nemacaMdra kA samaya dazavIM sadI IsvI kA uttarArdha aura gyArahavIM sadI IsvI kA pUrvAdhaM mAnA jA sakatA hai| gaNa, guru aura anumAnita samaya ke atirikta inake viSaya meM, inakI kRtiyoM ( mukhyataH pA~ca ) ke atirikta, anya koI jAnakArI nahIM miltii| inake graMthoM se evaM siddhAntacakravartI kI upAdhi se inakI AgamajJatA evaM agAdha jJAnagarimA kA anumAna avazya lagatA hai| ye digaMbarAcArya the| __ A0 zAntisUrizvara ne 'jIva vicAra' ke kartA ke rUpa meM pacAsavIM gAthA meM apanA nAma diyA hai / joharA 'purakara aura kAsalIvAla ne apane grantha meM inheM 973 se 1073 I0 ke bIca kA mAnA hai / pAlanapura ke samIpa rAmasine jainamaMdira meM prApta zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki inhoMne 1027 I0 meM eka bhagavat pratimA pratiSThita karAI thA / ye tapAgaccha yA bar3agaccha ke aMtargata pracalita thArApadra gaccha ke zvetAmbarAcArya the| inake jIvana kA vivaraNa candraprabhasari racita prabhAvakacarita meM prApta hotA hai| yaha grantha nirNayasAgara presa se 1909 meM prakAzita huA hai / tapAgacca paTTAvalI se bhI inake jIvana kI kucha ghaTanAoM kA jJAna hotA hai / / A0 zAntisUri kA janma aNahilapura pATana ( gujarAta ) meM tatkAlIna prasiddha rAjA bhIma ke samaya meM huA thaa| inake mAtA-pitA kA nAma kramazaH dhanadeva seTha aura dhanazrI thaa| inakA bacapana kA nAma bhoma rakhA gayA thaa| inake bAlyakAla meM hI pATana meM A0 vijayasiMha pdhaare| unhoMne bhIma ko dekhakara usake svaNima bhaviSya kA anumAna lgaayaa| unhoMne inake mA~-bApa se bhIma ko apane sAtha rakhane ke liye anujJA cAhI aura ve A0 vijayasiMha ke sAtha ho gaye / samucita adhyayana evaM caritra kI yogyatA prApta karane para unheM saMgha meM dIkSita kiyA gayA aura unakA nAma zAMti ( bhadra ) sUri rakhA gyaa| ye mUrtipUjaka AcArya the / ye acche kavi aura bAdI the / rAjA bhIbha kI sabhA meM inakA bahuta sammAna thA / inakI pratiSThA sunakara mAlavA kI dhArA nagarI ( aba madhyapradeza ) ke mahAkavi dhanapAla ne inheM ujjaina bulA liyaa| usa samaya vahA~ rAjA bhoja kA rAjya thaa| unakI rAjasabhA meM bhI inhoMne apane kAvya evaM vAda-vidyA ke prakAMDa pAMDitya se apanI pratiSThA ajita kI / dhanapAla kI 'tilakamaMjarI' kA bhI inhoMne saMzodhana saMpAdana kiyaa| isase prasanna hokara rAjA bhoja ne inheM 'vAdivatAla' kI upAdhi pradAna kii| ye Agama ke sAtha-sAtha maMtra aura jyotiSa vidyA ke bhI jJAtA the| pATana ke seTha jinadeva ke putra padmadeva ke sarpadaMza ko inhoMne amRtatva maMtra ke dvArA dUra kiyA thaa| isI prakAra padmAvatI evaM cakrezvarI devI ke prabhAva se inhoMne bhaviSyavANI kI thI ki dhUlikoTa (gujarAta) nagara kA patana honevAlA hai / isase vahA~ ke zrImAlI jainoM ke 700 parivAra samaya rahate surakSita sthAnoM para pahu~ca gye| yaha 1040 I0 kI ghaTanA hai| soDha zrAvaka ke sAtha girinAra ko vandanArtha gaye the| inake aneka ziSya the| inameM vIra, zAlibhadra aura sarvadeva pramukha batAye jAte haiM /

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jIvavicAra prakaraNa aura gommaTasAra jIva kAMDa 255 inakI kRtiyoM meM 'jIvavicAra prakaraNa ke atirikta uttarAdhyayana sUtra kI eka dohA TokA bhI hai aisA pratIta hotA hai ki usake antima adhyAya se hI inheM jIva vicAra prakaraNa likhane kI preraNA milI hogI / inakI mRtyu kI tithi ke viSaya meM matabhinnatA pAI gaI hai / tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ke anusAra, inakI mRtyu 1055 I0 meM huI jabaki prabhAvaka carita ke anusAra inakI sallekhanA samAdhi 1040 I0 meM huii| yadi inakA ausata AyukAla sATha varSa bhI mAnA jAve, to anumAnataH ye 988-1040 ke bIca jIvita rhe| isa AdhAra para nemacaMdrAcArya inase kucha variSTha AcArya siddha hote haiN| ita vicAra prakaraNa kI viSayavastu 4 ] jIva vicAra prakaraNa meM cAra adhyAya haiM / prathama adhyAya meM saMsAra meM vidyamAna vividha prakAra ke jovoM kA vargIkaraNa kara saMsArI jIvoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / dUsare adhyAya meM mukta jIvoM kA nirUpaNa hai / tIsare adhyAya meM saMsArI jIvoM ke zarIra kI avagAhanA Ayu svakAya sthiti, prANa evaM yoniyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| caturtha adhyAya meM sikhoM ke ho ina guNoM kA varNana hai / upasaMhAra meM manuSya jIvana meM dharmavRtti meM pravRtta hone kA nirdeza hai| anya tona adhyAyoM kI tulanA meM prathama adhyAya sabase bar3A hai, pUrNa grantha kA lagabhaga do-tihAI bhAga haiN| sabhI adhyAyoM ko viSayavastu kA saMkSepaNa yahA~ kiyA jA rahA hai| yahA~ yaha jAna lenA bhI ucita hogA ki bahuterI viSaya-vastu mUla gAthAoM meM nahIM hai, phira bhI use ratnAkara pAThaka ne apanI vRhadvRtti TIkA ( solahavIM sadI, 1553 I0) meM anya zAstroM ke AdhAra se saMkalita kara diyA hai / jIvoM kA sAmAnya vargIkaraNa jaina ArSa paramparA meM jAvoM yA sajIva jagat ke do bheda kie gaye haiM: saMsAro aura mukta yA asaMsAro triloka vyApI sabhI jIva saMsArI kahalAte haiM aura ye do prakAra ke hote haiM : sthAvara aura trasa / zotASNa bhayAdi kaSToM ke parihAra : ke lie jo prayatna karate haiM, gatizIla hote haiM, ve trasa kahalAte haiM / jA jIva ina kaSToM ko dUra nahIM kara pAte yA sthira rahate haiM, ve sthAvara kahalAte haiM / inakI yaha saMjJA trasa aura sthAvara nAma karma ke kAraNa bhI mAnI jAtI hai | ( inase garbhAvasthA, suSupti meM sAbhAva evaM jalavAyu agni meM trasatva kA prasaMga nahIM A pAtA ) / uttarAdhyayana' ke yuga meM vAyu, agni aura udAra (DhondriyAdi) ko usa aura pRthvI, jala aura vanaspati ko sthAvara kahA jAtA thaa| isake viparyAsa meM, zAntisUri ne sthAvara ke pA~ca bheda -- pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu, vanaspati eva trasa ke cAra bheda kie haiN| inameM siddha ke jur3a jAne ke samasta jIva jagat dala prakAra kA ho jAtA hai| TIkAkAra ne jIvAbhigama sUtra kA uddharaNa dete hue jIvoM ke do, tIna Adi dasa taka, caudaha, caubIsa aura battIsa bheda batAye haiM / gati, indriya, kAya, yoga, veda, kaSAya, lezyA, jJAna, AhAra, bhASA, zarIra, darzana, tathA caramabhava ke AdhAra para teraha rUpoM ko dvividhatA batAI gaI hai / isI prakAra sAta rUpoM kI vividhatA, cAroM ko catuvidhatA eka rUpa ko paMcavitA, zarIra va indriya ke AdhAra para do rUpoM ko SaD-vidhatA kAya ke AdhAra para eka rUpa ko sapta vinatA, jJAna va yAni ke AdhAra para dA rUpa ko avitA dA prakAra ko navavidhatA evaM dazavidhatA jovAbhigama se uddhRta ko gaI haiM / mana, vacana evaM kAya ko pravRtti ke AdhAra para bosa daNDakoM ke rUpa meM jIvoM ke caubIsa bheda hote haiM 1. pRthvIkAyika Adi 5 ke daMDaka 2. 2, 3, 4 indriya jIvoM ke daMDaka 1 1 3. manuSya jIvoM ke daMDaka 4 nAraka jovoM ke daDaka 5. asurakumAra Adi bhavanavAsiyoM ke daMDaka 6-8 vyagra jyotiSka evaM vaimAnikoM ke daMDaka 1 1 10 3 24

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256 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa isI prakAra, vargIkaraNa kA vistAra karane para jIvoM ke 32 bheda bhI ho jAte haiM : (1) ekendriya ke 22 bheda pA~ca prakAra ke ekendriyoM ke sUkSma-bAdara-paryApta-aparyApta ke bheda se, 5x2x2 = 20 sUkSma sAdhAraNa vanaspati (paryApta, aparyApta) 22 (2) 2, 3, 4 iMdriya jIvoM ke 6 bheda paryApta, aparyApta, 243% 6 (3) paMcendriyoM ke 4 bheda saMjJI/asaMjJI- paryApta aparyApta 142x2:4 32 sthAvara-jIvoM ke bheda-prabheda / (a) pRthvIkAyika uttarAdhyayana meM batAyA gayA hai ki ekendriya jAti ke sUkSma koTi ke jIvoM kI eka hI para pRthak-pRthak jAtigata koTi hotI hai| isalie isa grantha meM sUkSma sthAvaroM kI carcA nahIM kI gaI hai / sthAvaroM ke bheda-prabhedoM meM kevala bAdara sthAvaroM ke hI bheda kahe gaye haiM / isa dRSTi se pRthvIkAyikI ke nimna 20 bheda hote haiM : 32 sAraNI 1 : ekendriya jIvoM ke bheda 1. pRthvokAyikoM ke bheda 2. jalakAyikoM ke bheda 1. sphaTika 1. bhUmija jala (kUpa, tAla Adi) 2. maNi (samudrotpanna)-14 2. antarikSa 3. ratna (khanija) 3. osa 4. vidruma (maMgA) 4. hima 5. abhraka 5. olA 6. mRttikA 6. hari-tanu (ghAsa para jamI bUMdeM) 7. pASANa 7. kuharA~ 8. rasendra (pArada) 3. agnikAyikoM ke bheda 9. kanakAdi dhAtu-7 1. aMgAra 10. hiMgula 2. jvAlA 11. haratAla 3. murmura 12. manaHzila 4. ulkA 13. khaTika 5. azani 14. anvaNika 6. kanaka 15. araNeTaka 16. palevaka 8. zuddhAgni (IdhanahIna agni) 17. tUrI 18. USama (khanija soDA, sajjI) 19. sauvIrAMjana (suramA) 20. lavaNa 7. vidyut

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4] jIvavicAra prakaraNa aura gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa 257 uttarAdhyayana meM pRthvI ke do bheda adhika ginAye gaye haiM aura maNi ke 18 prakAra batAye haiN| isa prakAra bAdara pRthvIkAyika ke 40 bheda batAye gaye haiM / prajJApanA" kA bhI yahI varNana hai| isa jIva vicAra meM dhAtuoM aura sphaTikamaNi-ratnoM kA saMkSepaNa kara 20 bheda hI batAye gaye haiN| prajJApanA meM inake varNa-rasAdi kI vividhatA se asaMkhyAta rUpa batAye gaye haiM / digambara granthoM meM sambhavataH sarvaprathama paJcasaMgraha ne pRthvIkAyika ke 36 bheda ginAye haiN| ___ jalakAyika jIvoM ke granthagata sAta bhedoM ke viparyAsa meM, prajJApanAkAra ne 17 bheda batAye haiN| isameM unhoMne jharanA, kAMjI, kSAra, vibhinna samudroM ke jala Adi ko bhI parigaNita kiyA hai / digambarAcArya amRtacandra aura uttarAdhyayana ne kevala pAMca bheda batAye haiM / vaTTakera jala ke 7 aura pRthvI ke 36 bheda mAnate haiN| zAntisUri agnikAyika jIvoM ke 8 bheda mAnate haiN| isake viparyAsa meM dazavakAlika evaM uttarAdhyayana 7, prajJApanA 12 tathA mUlAcAra* 6 bheda ginAte haiM / isI prakAra jahA~ zAntisUri vAyukAyikoM ke 8 bheda batAte haiM, vahIM mUlAcAra 7, uttarAdhyayana 6 evaM prajJApanA 19 bheda nirUpita karate hai| sAraNI 2 : vanaspatikAyikoM ke bheda (i) bAdara sAdhAraNa vanaspati (ii) bAdara pratyeka vanaspati 1. kaMda, (pyAja, lahasuna Adi) 1. phala 2. aMkura 2. puSpa 3. kisalaya (koMpala) 3. challI yA challa 4. panaka (lakar3I ke phaMgasa) 4. kASTha 5. zevAla (kAI) 5. jar3a 6. bhUmisphoTaka (kukuramuttA) 6. patra 7. Ardrakatrika (adarakha, haldI, kacUra) 7. bIja 8. gAjara (iii) vizeSa pratyeka vanaspatiyA~ 9. mothA (nAgaramothA) 1. vRkSa : ekabIja 30, bahubIja 33 10. bathuA kI bhAjI 2. guccha 47 11. thega (balvanumA mar3a) 3. gulma 24 12. palyaMka 4. latA 10 13. komala phala (pakane ke pUrva) 5. ballI 41 14. gUDha zira patte 6. parvaga 19 15. kAMTedAra paudhe 7. sRNa 18 16. guggula 8. vanalatA 17 17. giloya (gaDUcI) 9. harita zAka 28 18. chinna-ruha vanaspatiyA~ 10. auSadhi-dhAnya 27 19. kumArI (Alua) 11. jalotpanna vanaspati 26 12. kukuramuttA (kuhana) 10

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258 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa prAyaH sabhI zAstroM meM vanaspatikAyikoM ke do bheda batAe gae haiM : sAdhAraNa (anantakAya, nigoda) aura pratyeka vanaspati / sAdhAraNa vanaspatiyoM kI zarora-niSpatti, zvAsochvAsa, AhAra Adi kriyAyeM eka sAtha hotI haiN| inameM ananta jIvoM kA eka hI zarIra hotA hai| TIkAkAra ke anusAra, sAdhAraNa vanaspati sakSma aura sthala ke bheda se do prakAra ke hote haiM / sUkSma sAdhAraNa vanaspati golAkAra hote haiN| ve bAlAgra pradeza-kSetra meM bhI asaMkhya-saMkhyA meM raha sakate haiM / eka hI zarIra yA kSetra meM asaMkhya yA ananta sUkSma jIvoM ke astitva ke kAraNa inheM anantakAyika bhI kahate haiM / ye A~khoM se dikhAI nahIM dete aura sarvaloka meM vyApta rahate haiN| inake nimna bAdararUpoM kA zAstroM meM vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| TIkAkAra ne batAyA hai ki AgamoM meM sAdhAraNa bAdara vanaspati ke 32 nAma batAye gaye haiN| ye nAma uparokta unnIsa ke hI vistAra haiN| isI ke anya rUpa meM bAisa abhakSyoM kA bhI vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| yaha kahA gayA hai ki jIva hiMsA kI dRdi se inheM na khAnA zreyaskara hai| prajJApanA meM inake 50 bheda batAe gae haiN| sAdhAraNa vanaspatiyoM ke viparyAsa meM, pratyeka vanaspati ve haiM jinameM eka zarIra meM eka hI jIva rahatA hai| inakI sAta jAtiyAM batAI gaI haiN| unhIM ke vistArasvarUpa TIkAkAra pAThaka ne prajJApanA sUtra meM varNita bAraha jAtiyoM kA nAma diyA hai jinake viziSTa nAmoM kI sUcI (330) sandarbhapUrvaka uddharita kI gaI hai| aisI sUcI digambara granthoM meM nahIM pAI jaato| prajJApanA ke anusAra, pratyeka aura sAdhAraNa vanaspati ke bheda bAdara-jAti meM ho hote haiM, para TIkAkAra ne inheM sUkSma aura bAdara donoM prakAra kA batAyA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke anusAra, sUkSma vanaspati jIvoM kI eka hI koTi hai jo adRzya, ananta evaM loka vyApta hai| vahA~ pratyeka vanaspati ke bAraha tathA sAdhAraNa ke 22 prakAra batAye gaye hai| TIkAkAra pAThaka ne sAdhAraNa vanaspatiyoM ke do anya bheda bhI nirUpita kiye haiM-sAMvyavahArika aura asAMvyavahArika / inheM digambara paramparA meM itaranigoda evaM nityanigoda ke samakakSa mAnanA caahiye| nityanigodo apano jAti se utparivartita nahIM hote jaba ki itaranigodI meM yaha kSamatA hotI hai| vanaspati jagat kA itanA vistAra digambara paramparA meM nahIM pAyA jAtA / lekina isa paramparA ke vivaraNa meM kucha vizeSatAe~ haiN| hai| malAcAra ke anasAra vanaspati pratyeka aura sAdhAraNa koTi ke hote haiN| ye donoM hI do prakAra ke hote hai vojotpanna aura sammUrchana / vIjotpannoM meM mula vIja, agra vIja, parva vIja, kaMda voja, skandha voja aura vIja-vIja ke rUpa meM chaha prakAra ke vanaspati hote haiN| inake viparyAsa meM, sammurchana vanaspapiyoM meM kanda, mUla, chAla, skandha, patra, kisalaya, phala, phala, guccha, gulma, bela, mRNa aura parva yA gAMTha vAle 13 prakAra ke vanaspati hote haiM / isake atirikta eka anya gAthA meM kAI, paNaka, kUr3e-karakaTa meM hone vAle vanaspati, kiNva aura kukuramutte kI jAtiyA~ bhI batAI gaI hai| sammUrchana vanaspati ke liye kisI bhI prakAra ke vIja yA kendra kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki digambara paramparA meM vanaspati kI koTi usake janma evaM vikAsa ko dazAoM para nirbhara karatI hai| isa paramparA meM prajJApanA ke viparyAsa meM sAdhAraNa ora pratyaka-donoM koTiyoM ke sUkSma aura bAdara bheda bho ginAye haiN| nemacandrAcAya bho isa paramparA ko mAnate haiM / dazavaikAlika meM sammUrchana vanaspati koTi kA ullekha hai| sthAvara-bhedoM ke parigaNana ke vivaraNa meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki rUpa, rasa, gandha, varNa evaM deza-kAla bhedoM ke kAraNa sabhI jAti ke bheda-prabhedoM kI saMkhyA agaNita ho sakatA hai| digambara paramparA meM agaNitatA ko yaha sambhAvanAtmaka vyAkhyA nahIM pAI jaatii| yahA~ yaha ullekha jJAnavardhaka hogA ki yuvAcArya mahAprajJa ne yaha zaMkA uThAI hai ki vanaspatiyoM kI sajIvatA to aneka darzana, aura aba vijJAnI bhI, mAnate haiM, para pRthvI, jala, teja aura vAyu ko svayaM sajIvatA na bauddha aura naiyAyika ho mAnate haiM aura na vijJAna hI mAnatA hai / phira zAstra-saMgati kaise baiThAyI jAve ? isake samAdhAna meM unhoMne batAyA hai ki jaina darzana samasta dRzyajagat ko sajIva aura jIva ke parityakta zarIra ke rUpa meM do hI prakAra kA mAnatA hai| isake anusAra, sabhI padArtha mUla meM sajIva hI hote hai, zastropahati, uSNatA, virodhidravya saMyoga se unameM nirjIvatA A jAtI hai|

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4] jIvavicAra prakaraNa aura gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa 259 asa jIvoM kA vivaraNa : do indriya jIva jaina darzana meM jIvoM kA vibhAjana jJAna ke vikAsakrama para AdhArita hai| sthAvara jIvoM kA jJAna nimnatara koTi kA hotA hai aura ve kevala sparzanendriya ke mAdhyama se hI saMvedanazIla hote haiN| usI ke mAdhyama se ve pAMcoM indriyoM kI anubhati kara lete haiN| inase uccatara saMvedanazIlatA vAle jIva trasa kahalAte haiN| ye do indriya, tIna, cAra evaM paMcendriya ke bheda se makhyataH cAra prakAra ke hote hai / jIva vicAra prakaraNa meM do indriya jIvoM kI 11 koTiyA~ ginAI hai| tIna indriya jIvoM kI 16 koTiyAM ginAI haiN| cAra indriya jIvoM kI nau aura paMcendriya jIvoM kI cAra koTiyA~ batAI gaI haiM, jaisA sAraNI 3 meM diyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana aura prajJApanA se jJAta hotA hai ki zAntisUri ne bheda-prabheda ginAne meM ati sAraNI 3 : trasa jIvoM ke bheda-prakAra (a) do indriya 1. zaMkha 2. kapardaka yA kaur3I 3. gaMDolaka (laMghu kRmi) 4. jalaukA (goMca) 5. candanaka ( samudra kRmi) 6. alasa (keMcuA) 7. lahaka (lAra kRmi) 8. meharaka (kASTha kRmi) 9. kRmi (A~ta kRmi) 10. pUtaraka (lAla kITa) 11. mAtRvAhikA (cuDailA kRmi) (ba) tIna indriya 1 kanakhajUrA 2. khaTamala 3. jaMA 4. cIMTI 5. sapheda cIMTI (dImaka) 6. kAlI cIMTI 7. illI 8. ghRta-ilikA 9. gau-karNa-kITa 10. gardabhaka kITa 11. dhAnya kITa 12. gomaya kITa 13. indragopa kITa 14. sAvA kITa 15 caura kITa 16. kuMthunagopAlika kITa (sa) caturidraya trasa 1. bicchU 2. TiMkuNa 3. bhauMre aura cIMTiyAM 4. TiDDI 5. makkhI 6. DAMsa 7. macchara 8. kaMsArika 9. kapilaka (sa) paMcendriya jIva 1. nAraka 2. tiyaMca 3. manuSya 4. deva sAraNI 4 : vibhinna zAstroM meM trasoM ke bheda u0 a0 prajJApanA jIvavicAra mUlAcAra 16 dvindriya tri-indriya caturindriya pacendriya a w y * saMkSepaNa kiyA hai| ise sAraNI 4 se jAnA jA sakatA hai| digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM trasakAyika jIvoM ke bheda-prabheda kama hI pAye jAte haiM / mUlAcAra aura tatvArthasUtra 'kRmi-pipIlikA-bhramara-manuSyAdInAmekaikaraddhAni' ke AdhAra para kevala prArUpika udAharaNa dete hai| jIvavicAra ke TIkAkAra ne batAyA hai ki vibhinna trasajIvoM ko pahacAnane ke tIna upAya hai :

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260 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa (1) indriyAM-bhautika indriyoM se inakI indriyatA pahacAnI jA sakatI hai| uttaravartI indriya vAle jIva ke pUrvavartI indriyA~ avazya hotI hai / (2) pAdoM ko saMkhyA sAmAnyataH do indriya jIvoM ko paira nahIM hote| tona indriya jIvoM ke cAra, chaha yA adhika paira hote haiN| cAra indriya jIvoM ke chaha yA ATha caraNa hote haiN| paMcendriyoM ke do, cAra yA ATha paira hote haiM / matsya, sarpa ityAdi jIvoM ke viSaya meM ye niyama lAgU nahIM hote| (3) bAloM kA svarUpa-do indriya jIvoM ke bAla nahIM hote| tIna indriya jIvoM ke cehare ke donoM ora bAla hote hai / cAra indriya jIvoM ke sira ke dAhanI ora sIMga yA kezaguccha hote haiN| paMcendriyoM kA vivaraNa : paMcendriya tiyaMca jainoM kI donoM paramparAoM meM paMcendriya jIvoM ke cAra bheda batAye gaye haiM-nAraka, deva, tithaMca aura manuSya / inameM nAraka sAta prakAra ke hote haiM aura deva bhavanavAsI (10), vyaMtara (8+ 8), jyotiSka (5) aura vaimAnika (2) ke bheda se cAra prakAra ke hote haiM / jainoM ko donoM paramparAe~ kiMcit bheda-prabhedoM ke antara ke sAtha inako mAnatI hai / jIva. vicAra prakaraNa ke TokAkAra ne vyaMtaroM ke ATha kI jagaha solaha bheda batAye haiN| hamAre liye paMcendriya tiyaMca aura manuSyoM kA vivaraNa mahatvapUrNa hai| zAntisUri ke anusAra, tithaMca tIna prakAra ke-jalacara, thalacara aura nabhacara hote hai / jalacara ke-susumAra, matsya, kacchapa, magara aura grAha-pA~ca bheda batAye gaye haiN| prajJApanA aura uttarAdhyayana meM bhI ye hI bheda haiM, para prajJApanA meM ina jAtiyoM ke prabheda bhI batAye gaye haiM : 1. susumAra : yaha jalacara bhaiMsa ke samAna hotA hai| inakA AkAra-prakAra eka hI prakAra kA hotA hai| 2. matsya : ye 23 jAti ke hote haiM-zlakSNa, khabala, jaMga, vijaDima, halDi, makarI, rohita, halisAgara, gAgara, vaTa, vaTakara, garbhaja, usAgara, timi, timiMgala, nakra, taMdula, kaNikA, zarali, svastika, laMbhana, patAkA aura patAkAtipatAkA / 3. kackapa: ye do prakAra ke hote haiM-asthibahula, mAMsabahula / 4. magara : ye do prakAra ke hote haiM-zauNDamakara, mRSTamakara / 5. grAha : ye pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM-dilI, veSTaka, mUrdhaja, pulaka aura sImAkAra / paMcendriya thalacara tiryaca tIna prakAra ke hote haiM : 1. catuSpAda : ke cAra prakAra hai-ekakhura, do-khura, gaMDIpada aura sanakhapada / inameM ekakhura-tiryaca azva, khaccara ghoDA, gardabha, gorakSara, kaMdalaka, zrokaMdalaka aura AvataMka ke bheda se ATha prakAra ke hote haiM / do-khurI tiyaMca U~Ta, gau, gavaya, mahiSa, mRga, roja, pazuka, saoNbhara, varAha, bakarA, elaka, ruru, sarabha, camarI gAya, kuraMga, gokarNa ke bheda se 17 prakAra ke hote haiN| gaMDIpada hAthI, hasti pUtanaka, matkuNa hastI, khaDgI aura gaMDA ke bheda se pAMca prakAra ke hote haiM / nakhapado tiryacoM meM siMha, vyAghra, dopar3A, bhAlU, tarakSa, pArAzara, kuttA, billI, siyAra, lomar3I, kharagoza, kolazvAna, cItA, cillaka Adi caudaha jAtiyAM hotI haiM / ___2. bhuja-parisarpa : ke caudaha prakAra haiM-nevalA, goha, giragiTa, zalya, saraTha, sAra, khora, chipakalI, cUhA, visabharA, gilaharI, payolAtika, kSIra-viDAlikA / 3. uraH parisarpa : cAra prakAra ke haiM-sarpa, ajagara, AsAlika, mahoraga / sAMpa do prakAra ke hote haiM-phana vAle aura phaNarahita-phana vAle sA~poM ke 15 bheda hai-AzIviSa, dRSTiviSa, upaviSa, bhogaviSa, tvacAviSa, lAlAviSa,

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jIvavicAra prakaraNa aura gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa 261 ucchvAsaviSa, niHzvAsaviSa, kRSNasarpa, zvetasarpa, kAkodara, darbhapuSpa, kolAha, melibhinda, zeSendra / phaNarahita sapaM dasa prakAra ke hote haiM : divyAka, gonaru, kaSAdhika, vyatikula, citralI, maMDalI, mAlI, ahi, ahizalAkA, vAsapatAkA / ajagara eka hI jAti kA hotA hai / AsAlika : tiryaMca aniSTa ke saMketa ke rUpa meM sUkSmarUpa meM utpanna hote haiM aura apanA vRhadAkAra dhAraNa kara aniSTa kI sUcanA dete haiM / inakI Ayu antarmuhUrta kI hotI hai / mahoraga : caudaha prakAra ke hote haiM, jo inake vistAra para nirbhara karatA hai| ve aMgula, aMgula pRthaktva (2-9 aM0), vitasti, vitasti pRthaktva (2-9 bItA), rani, rali pRthaktva (2-9 hAtha), dhanuSa, dhanuSa pRthaktva, gavyUti, gavyUti pRthaktva, yojana, yojana pRthaktva, yojanazata evaM sahasra yojana vAle hote haiM / paMcendriya nabhacara tiryaMca (pakSI) cAra prakAra ke haiM-carma pakSI, roma pakSI, samudga pakSI, vitata pksso| inameM bitata pakSI eka hI prakAra ke hote hai aura manuSyaloka meM nahIM pAye jAte / isI prakAra samudga pakSI bhI ekajAtIya haiM aura manaSyaloka ke bAhara hI pAye jAte hai / carma pakSiyoM evaM roma pakSiyoM ke kramazaH ATha aura cAlosa prakAra batAye gaye haiM : 1. camaM pakSo-bagulA, jalaukA, aDilla, bhAraMDa, cakavA-cakavI, samudrI kauve, karNatrika evaM pakSiviDAlI-8 / 2. roma pakSI-DaMka, kaMka, kurala, kauvA, cakavA, haMsa, kalahaMsa, rAjahaMsa, pAdahaMsa, ar3a, ser3o, bagulA, vakapaMkti, pAriplava, krauMca, sArasa, mayUra, masUra, mesara, zatavatsa, gahara, poMDarIka, kAka, kAmaMjuka, baMjulaka, totara, battaka, lAvaka, kabUtara, kapijala, pArAvata, ciTaka, cAsa, murgA, totA, mainA, bI, koyala, seha, varillaka-40 / ___ yaha batAyA gayA hai ki uparokta bheda-prabheda mukhya-mukhya haiN| inake samAna anya tiyeca bhI ho sakate haiM, jinheM parIkSA kara bhinna-bhinna jAtiyoM meM samAhita kiyA jA sakatA hai / isIliye pratyeka sUcI ke anta meM 'ityAdi' zabda lagA huA hai aura usameM samaya-samaya para hone vAle nirIkSaNoM ke saMyojana ke liye sthAna chor3a diyA gayA hai| tiryacoM ke bhedoM ke prabheda prajJApanA meM diye gaye haiM / digambara paramparA meM prabhedoM kA vivaraNa nahIM miltaa| yahA~ yaha bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki sAmAnyataH tiryaca do prakAra ke hote haiM : vikalendriya aura sakalendriya / vikalendriya tiryaMca eka, do, tIna va cAra indriya jona hote haiM aura sakalendriya tithaMca paMcendriya hote hai| paMcendriya manuSyoM kA vivaraNa zAntisUri ke anusAra, garbhaja manuSya tIna prakAra ke hote haiM : karmabhUmija, akarmabhUmija aura antarvIpaja / ina koTiyoM ke kramazaH 15, 30 aura 28 bheda hote haiN| zAstroM ke anusAra, garbhaja ke atirikta, manuSya saMmUrchanajanmI ( aliMgI) bhI hote haiM, jo mala, mUtra, kapha, pIpa, rakta, zava, saMbhoga, nAlImala Adi gande sthAnoM meM utpanna hote haiM / ye asaMjJo, sUkSma aura antarmuhUrtAyu ke hote haiN| manuSyoM ke ye bheda kSetra-nivAsa ke AdhAra para kiye gaye haiN| manuSyaloka ke ar3hAI dvIpoM ke 5 bharata, 5 airAvata evaM 5 mahAvideha kamabhUmiyA~ kahalAtI haiM / isI prakAra, akarmamUmiyA~ bho 30 hoto hai / ye bhogabhUmi kI koTi ko kalpavRkSI bhUmiyAM haiN| hamaloga karmabhUmiyoM meM nivAsa karane vAle manuSya haiM / ye samAnyataH do prakAra ke hai-Arya aura mleccha / AryoM ke guNoM ke AdhAra para do bheda hai-RddhiprApta aura anRddhi prApta / RddhiprApta AryoM meM arihaMta, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva, cAraNamuni, vidyAdhara Adi samAhita hote haiM / sAmAnya mAnava jAti anRddhiprApta AryoM meM ginI jAtI hai / usake nau bheda evaM bhaneka prabheda hai

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262 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa 1. kSetrAya : deza ke 253 kSetroM meM rahane vAle kSetrArya kahalAte haiN| bhaugolika dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hone se ina kSetroM kA jJAna rocaka hogA-magadha (rAjagRha), aMga (campA), baMga (tAmaluka), kaliMga (kaMcanapura), kAzI (vArANasI), kozala (ayodhyA), kuru (gajapura), paMcAla (kaMpilA), jaMgala (ahicchatra), saurASTra (dvArakA), videha (mithilA), vatsa (kauzAMbI), zAMDilya (nandIpurA), malaya (bhaddilapura), matsya (virAT nagara), varaNa(acchApurI), dazANaM (mRttikAvatI), cedi (zaktimatI), sindhu-sauvIra (vItabhaya nagara), zUrasena (mathurA), bhaMga (pAvApurI), purAvarta (mASAnagarI), kuNAla (zrAvastI), latA deza (koTivaSa) tathA kekayAdhaM (zvetAMbikA nagarI), kuzAvataM (shauriipur)| isa sUcI se spaSTa hai ki AryAvarta pazcima (dvArakA), uttara (mathurA Adi) evaM pUrvI (bihAra, baMgAla va ur3osA) bhArata kA kSetra mAnA jAtA thaa| dakSiNa bhArata mleccha deza mAnA jAtA thA kyoMki mlecchoM ke aneka nAma isa kSetra ke anurUpa haiM / 2. jAtyAyaM : aMbaSTha, kaliMda, videha, vedaga, harita aura cuMcuNa-6 / 3. kulArya : ugra, bhoga, rAjanya, ikSvAku, jJAta, kauravya-6 / 4. karmAya : dUSyaka (vastra), sautrika (dhAgA), kAsika, sUtra vaitAlika, bhA~Da-vaitAlika (vaNik), kumhAra ' aura nara-vAhanika-7 / inameM kucha vyavasAya sambandhI nAma aura jor3e jA sakate haiN| 5. zilpArya : raphUgara, julAhA, paTavA, dUtikAra, picchikAra, caTAIkAra, kASTha-muMja pAdukAkAra, chatrakAra, vaha bAhyakAra, pucchakAra yA jildasAja, lepyakAra, citrakAra, dantakAra, zaMkhakAra, bhAMDakAra, jihvAkAra, vailyakAra, Adi 19 prakAra ke zilpakAra / 6. bhASArya : brAhmI lipi va ardhamAgadho bhASA bolane vAle bhASAyaM kahalAte haiN| brAhmI lipi 18 rUpoM meM likhI jAtI hai. ataH bhASArya bhI 18 hote haiN| 7. mAnArya : matijJAnArya, zrutajJAnAyaM, avadhijJAnArya, manaHparyaya jJAnAyaM evaM kevala jJAnArya-5 / 8. darzanArya : sarAga darzanArya ( 10 bheda ), vItarAga darzanArya ( 2 bheda )-2 / 9. caritrAya : sarAga cAritrArya ( 2 bheda ), vItarAga cAritrArya ( 2 bheda )-2 / ye guNasthAnoM para AdhArita hai| isa prakAra nivAsa, kula, karma, zilpa, bhASA, jJAna, darzana, cAritra Adi kI vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para AyaM manuSyoM kA yaha vargIkaraNa hai| yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki sAmAnyataH Arya jaina ho sakate haiN| mleccha-manaSyoM kA vargIkaraNa unake nivAsa kSetra ke AdhAra para hI kiyA gayA hai| inake kSetra tatkAlIna bhaugolika dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa haiM, ataH yahA~ diye jA rahe haiN| inakI saMkhyA 55 haiM / ise patA calatA hai ki Agamayuga meM hamArA samparka kina kSetroM meM thaa| ina kSetra vAsiyoM ke nAma zaka, yavana, kirAta, zabara, varbara, kAya, maruMDa, bhar3aka, ninnaka, pakkaraNika, kulAkSa, goMDa, siMhala, pArasaka, Andhra, aMbaDaka, tamila, cillaka, puliMda, hArosa, Doma, pokkANa, gaMdhAhAraka, vAlhIka, ajjhala, roma, pAsa, pradUSa, malayAlI, bandhuka, cUlika, koMkaNaka, meva, pallava, mAlava, gaggara, AbhASika, kaNavIra, cInA, lhAsA, khasa, khAsI, nedUra, moMDha, Dombilika, laosa, vakuza, kaikaya, akkhAga, hUNa, rosaka yA romaka, maruka, ruta, cilAta aura maurya hai| antardIpaja manuSyoM ke aTThAisa bheda batAye gaye haiN| ye unake zarIra rUpoM para nirbhara hai| ekoruka, abhASika, vaiSANika, nAMgolika, haya-gaja-go-zaSkulI-karNa, Adarza-meMDha-ayo-go-azva-hasti-siMha-vyAghra-mukha, azva-siMha-karNa, akarNa, karNa-prAvaraNa, ulkA-megha-vidyuta-mukha, vidyuta-dhana-laSTa-gUDha-zuddha-danta Adi unake bheda haiN|

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4 ] jIvoM se sambandhita vizeSa vivaraNa zAMtisUri ne jIva vicAra prakaraNa ke tIsare adhyayana meM vibhinna jIva jAtiyoM se sambandhita zarIra kI U~cAI, Ayu, kAya sthiti, prANa aura yoni sambandhI vivaraNa diye haiM / inheM sAraNI 5 meM diyA gayA hai / yaha varNana anuyoga dvAra, mArgaNA yA guNasthAna-AdhArita nahIM hai / 1. ekendriya pRthvI jala0 vAyu0 teja0 pratyeka vana0 sAdhAraNa vana0 2. do indriya 3. tIna indriya 4. cAra indriya 5. pA~ca indriya tiyaMca manuSya saMmUrchana 6. deva 7. nAraka yoga bheda - prabheda jIvi0 jIkAM0 22 42 2 2 2 3 3 34 9 2 2 98 sAraNI 5 : jIva-sambandhI vivaraNa prANa yoni kula lAkha janma 1012 7 saM0 22 4 6 7 8 9, 10 10 10 7 7 7 10 14 2 2 2 ?? " "" " " ,, jIvavicAra prakaraNa aura gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa 263 " 71 87 7 3 28 7 8 9 4 saM0ga0 435 14 saM0 0 12 4 upavAda 26 4 upavAda 25 84 lAkha zarIra- UMcAI ja0 ja0 30, varSa ghanAMgula / asaM. 1000 yo0 aMtarmu0 22,000 7000 31 " "" gha0 / saM0 ghanAMgula gha0 x saM0 gha0 X saM0 2 197.5x1012 u0 12 yo0 3/4 yo0 1 yo0 1000 yo0 Ayu 10,000 varSa , 31 " " 21 19 aMtarmu0 3000 12 ghaNTe 10,000 10,000 49 dina 6 mAsa koTipUrva u0 pa0 32 siddha jIvoM kA vivaraNa grantha ke dUsare adhyAya meM karma mala ko pUrNataH naSTa karane vAle siddha jIvoM ke pandraha bheda batAye gaye haiM-- tIrthaMkara siddha, kevalisiddha, svaliMga siddha, anyaligasiddha puruSaliMgasiddha, strIliMgasiddha, napuMsakaliMgasiddha, gRhaliMgasiddha, attIrthasiddha, pratyeka buddha siddha, svayaM buddha siddha, eka siddha, aneka siddha, buddha bodhita siddha evaM tIrthasiddha | digambara paramparA meM ye bheda nahIM mAne jAte / inameM aneka bheda unake siddhAntoM ke anukUla bhI nahIM haiM / isakA vivaraNa prajJApanA meM AyA hai / siddhoM meM deha, Ayu, prANa, yoni nahIM hote / jIvakANDa kI viSayavastu : jIvoM ke bheda-prabheda aMtarmu* 33 sA0 33 sA0 zAMtisUri ke samAna hI nemacandrAcArya ne bhI jovoM ke bheda-prabheda batAte hue unake eka se dasa taka, caudaha, unnIsa, sattAvana aura aTThAnaveM bheda kahe haiM / inheM ve jova samAsa kahate haiM / inakA varNana nimna prakAra hai :

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264 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa 1. ekendriya : (i) pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu, nitya nigoda, itara nigoda x 2 (vAdara-sUkSma) = 12 2. (i) pratyeka vanaspati (pratiSThita-apratiSThita) 1443 (paryApta, apa0, nivR0) 4. dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya 3 x 3 (pa0 a0 ni0) 5. paMcendriya tiyaMca : garbhaja karmabhUmija : 3 (jalacarAdi) x 2 (saMjJI-asaMjJI) 42 (paryApta, nivRtya paryApta) saMmarchana karmabhamija : 34243 (pa0 a0, ni0) bhogabhUmija tithaMca : 2 (sthala, nabha) x 2 (pa0ni0) 6. paMcendriya manuSya : (i) Arya khaNDa 3 (50, a0, nivR0) (ii) mleccha khaNDa 342 (pa0, ni0) (bhoga bhUmi, kubhoga bhUmi) (ili) deva, nAraka 24 2 (pa0 ni0) 13 13 98 isa vivaraNa meM jIvoM ke bheda adhika hai, para inake vargIkaraNa meM vividhatA kama haiN| inakA varNana sthAna, yoni, kula, avagAhanA ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai / TIkAkAra ne gaNita kA upayoga karate hue 190, 380, 570 tathA 406 jIva samAsa bhI ginAye hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jIva vicAra meM aparyApta ke do bhedoM ko mAnyatA nahIM dI gaI hai / jIva kANDa meM batAyA gayA hai ki zarIra paryApta ke pUrNa na hone taka jIva nivRtya paryApta (racanA kI apUrNatA) evaM yAgya paryAptiyoM ke pUrNa na hone se antarmuhUrta meM mRtyu ko prApta hone vAle jIva ko labdhi-aprApta kahA gayA hai| prANa-sambandhI vivaraNa donoM granthoM meM samAna hai| para jIva vicAra meM paryAptiyoM kA vivaraNa nahIM hai / sAtha hI jIva vicAra meM kevala caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM kA vivaraNa hai jabaki jIva kANDa meM tIna prakAra kI AkRti yoniyoM ke sAtha. gaNa yoniyoM (nau) evaM tIna janma prakAroM kA bhI vizada varNana hai| Ayu aura avagAhanA sambandhI vivaraNa donoM meM samAna hai, para jIva vicAra meM kula-koTiyoM evaM saMjJAoM kA bhI varNana nahIM hai| yahA~ yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki yadyapi zvetAmbara paramparA meM prajJApanAdi granthoM meM gati, indriya Adi 27 mArgaNA dvAroM kI carcA hai, para jIva vicAra meM vaha nahIM hai| isake viparyAsa meM jIva kANDa meM prAyaH 500 gAthAoM meM 14 mArgaNA dvAroM ke mAdhyama se jIvoM kA vizada nirUpaNa hai| prajJApanA ke 27 dvAroM meM ye caudaha samAhita haiN| jIvakANDa meM prIti-vihInatA, tiryaktA, mana-karma kuzalatA, Rddhi-sukha-divyatA evaM janma-maraNa rahitatA ke AdhAra para pAMca gatiyoM meM jIvoM ke pramANa kA vitaraNa hai| manuSya jIvoM ke viSaya meM batAyA gayA hai ki unameM tInacauthAI mAnuSiyA~ hotI haiM / mAnuSiyoM se tIna-sAta gune sarvArthasiddhi ke deva hote haiM / paryApta manuSyoM kI saMkhyA 34 108 batAI gayI hai| indriyAM matijJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama evaM zarIra nAmakarma ke udaya se nirmita zarIra ke cihnavizeSa hai / granthakAra ne isakA viSaya kSetra, AkAra, avagAhanA evaM saMkhyA (jIva) batAyI hai| kAyamArgaNA ke antargata kaSaTAya kA

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jIvavicAra prakaraNa aura gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa 265 lakSaNa, AkAra, nivAsa Adi kA varNana karate hue batAyA hai ki yaha jIva kAyarUpI kAvaTikA ke mAdhyama se karma-bhAra kA vahana karatA hai| yogamAgaMNA ke antargata paryApti aura zarIra nAmakarma ke udaya se hone vAle mana-vacana-kAya kI pravattiyoM kI karma-grAhiNI zakti ko yoga batAyA gayA hai| mana aura vacana yoga satya, asatya, ubhaya, anubhaya rUpa se cAra koTiyoM meM hai| inameM dravyamana aMgopAMga nAmakarma ke udaya se hRdaya-sthAna meM aSTa-dala-kamala ke AkAra kA hotA hai jisakI kSamatA ko bhAvamana kahate haiN| kAyayoga audArikAdi kArmaNAnta pA~ca prakAra kA hotA hai| vedamArgaNA meM vedakarma, nirmANa tathA aMgopAMga nAmakarma ke udaya se honevAle tIna dravya-bhAva veda-puruSa, strI va napaMsaka batAye gaye haiN| inameM utkRSTa bhoga evaM uttama guNa vAlA puruSa, sva aura para ko doSoM se AcchAdita karanevAlI strI veda, bhaTre meM pakatI haI ke samAna tIbrakaSAI evaM ubhayavedarahita napuMsaka veda mAnA hai| lakSaNa ke atirikta vibhinna veda ke jIvoM kA pramANa bhI diyA gayA hai| kaSAyamArgaNA ke antargata karma-bandha evaM phala kI zubhAzubhatA kI pratIka cAra kaSAyoM ko zakti (cAra prakAra), lezyA (14 prakAra), Ayu bandha evaM pramANa ke AdhAra para vaNita kiyA gayA hai| jJAnamArgaNA ke antargata pA~ca jJAnoM kA vizada nirUpaNa hai| isameM zrutajJAna kA vivaraNa sarvAdhika hai| saMyamamArgaNA ke antargata mohanIya karma kSaya yA upazama se vrata dhAraNa, samiti pAlana, kaSAya nigraha, tri-daNDa tyAga evaM indriya jaya rUpa saMyama ke bhAvoM kA honA batAyA gayA hai| jIva saMyata. dezaviratI evaM asaMyatI ho sakate haiN| saMyama ke sAta bhedoM ke vivaraNa ke sAtha vibhinna koTi ke saMyamI jIvoM kI saMkhyA kA bhI vivaraNa hai| darzanamAgaMNA meM cAra darzanoM kI paribhASA aura saMkhyA kA nirUpaNa hai / lezyAmAgaMNA kI aDasaTha gAthAoM meM lezyAoM kA solaha adhikAroM meM varNana hai aura kaSAyAnaranjita yogavatti ko lezyA kahA gayA hai| yaha jIva ko puNya-pApa karmoM se lipta karAtI hai| yaha dravya-bhAva rUpa hotI hai / yaha varNana uttarAdhyayana ke gyAraha dvAroM ke viparyAsa meM tulanIya hai| bhavyatvamAgaMNA meM ananta catuSTaya rUpa siddhi ke AdhAra para bhavyatva-abhavyatva kI paribhASA dI gayI hai / isameM karma aura nokarma dravya parivartana kI bhI carcA hai| samyaktvamArgaNA meM SaT dravya, nava padArtha, pA~ca astikAyoM kA nAma, lakSaNa. sthiti, kSetra, saMkhyA, sthAna evaM phala ke AdhAra para sAta zIrSakoM ke antargata varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM ajIva davya kA varNana vizeSa hai| paGgala ke teisa vargaNAtmaka bheda, kundakunda vaNita chaha evaM cAra bheda ke atirikta pathvI, jala, chAyA. caridriya viSaya, karma aura paramANu ke bheda se chaha anya bheda bhI batAye gaye haiN| umAsvAmI ke samAna dravyoM ke kArya bhI batAye gaye haiN| saMkSImArgaNA ke antargata no-indriyAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se hone vAle jJAna yA saMvedana ko saMjJA batAkara use zikSA, kriyA, upadeza evaM AlApa ke rUpa meM cAra prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM saMjJAoM kI saMkhyA dasa taka batAI gaI hai| AhAramArgaNA ke antargata zarIra nAmakarma ke udaya se mana, vacana, kAyarUpa dhAraNa karane yogya jo karma vargaNAoM ke grahaNa ko AhAra kahA gayA hai / mArgaNAoM ke atirikta jIvakAMDa meM bhAvAtmaka prakRti va vikAsa ko dhyAna meM rakhakara caudaha gaNasthAnoM kA bhI vizada nirUpaNa hai| vastutaH yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jIvoM se sambandhita bIsa prarUpaNAe~ mArgaNA eva guNasthAna-do hI koTiyoM meM samAhita ho jAtI hai| ina donoM kA jJAna AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke liye lAbhakArI hai| upasaMhAra uparokta varNana se spaSTa hai ki racanAkAla ke alpa antarAla ke bAvajUda bhI donoM granthoM kI viSaya-vastu meM paryApta antara hai / eka ora 'jIva vicAra' meM kevala 'jIvoM kA varNana hai, vahIM jIvakAMDa meM 'jIvoM ke sAtha aneka jIvasambaddha prakaraNoM kA varNana hai| 'jova vicAra' vargIkaraNa pradhAna hai, jabaki jIvakAMDa 'vargIkaraNa ke sAtha vyApaka pariveza kA nirUpaNa karanA hai| isakA varNana AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI zreNiyoM para bhI AdhArita hai| jovakAMDa meM prAyaH pratyeka vivaraNa meM saMkhyAtmakatA pAI jAtI hai, gaNitIya saMdRSTiyA~ pAI jAtI hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki 'jIvakAMDa' kA dRSTikoNa 34

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266 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa buddhimAnoM ke bodhArtha rahA hai, jabaki zAntisUri ne to spaSTa hI abuddha-bodhArtha apanA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai, jahA~ zAntisUri bAhya-bodhya vargIkaraNa para sImita raha gaye haiM, jabaki nemacandra bahata gahana evaM gambhora jJAnI siddha hae haiM / paryApti, kula evaM yoni-janma Adi kA vivaraNa na denA zAntisUri ke grantha ko kamI hai aura adhyAtma vikAsa kA AdhAra lekara varNana karanA jIvakAMDa kI mahatI vizeSatA hai| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki donoM hI jaina paramparAoM meM jIva sambandhI vivaraNoM meM kAphI samAnatA hai| jIva vijJAna sambandhI yaha vivaraNa Adhunika jIva vaijJAnika dRSTi se samIkSaNIya hai| nirdeza 1. (a) nemacandra AcArya; gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa, paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa, 1972 / (ba) zAntisUrIzvara; jIvavicAra prakaraNam, jaina mizana sosAyaTo, madrAsa, 1950 / 2. nemicandra, zAstrI; tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA-2, di0 jaina vidvat pariSad, sAgara, 1974, pe0 417 / 3. joharApurakara, vi0 aura kAzalIvAla, ka0; vIra zAsana ke prabhAvaka AcArya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1975, pe0 78 / 4. sAdhvI candanA (saM0); uttarAdhyayana, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1976, peja 380 / 5. AyaM zyAma prajJApanA sUtra-1,Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, 1983, peja 39 / 6. mahAprajJa, yuvAcArya; dazavakAlika : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, jaina zve0 terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA-1, 1967, peja 116 / 7. vaTTakera, AcArya; mUlAcAra-1, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1984, peja 176 /

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jaina zAstroM meM AhAra vijJAna DaoN0 ena0 ela0 jaina jaMna kendra, rIvAM ( ma0pra0) ___ bhAratIya saMskRti meM dharma ko eka vizeSa prakAra kI jIvana-paddhati mAnA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki isameM garbha se mRtyu taka, pUrvajanma se uttara-janma taka, prAtaHkAla se dUsare sUryodaya taka ke samI bhautika aura AdhyAtmika viSaya cAra vargoM meM ( kathA-purANa, AcAra zAstra, laukika vidyAyeM aura gaNita ) vibhAjita kara saMkSepa se lekara ativistAra taka pratipAdita kiye gaye haiN| isakA kendra vindu mukhyataH mAnava-jAti hai para mAnavetara samudAyoM kI carcA bhI isameM paryApta mAtrA meM hai| vizva meM vidyamAna mAnava evaM mAnavetara samudAyoM kI samagra saMjJA 'jIva' hai| pahale jIva aura jIvana zabdoM meM vizeSa antara nahIM mAnA jAtA thA / 'sabbesi jIvaNaM piyaM' / para aba jova ( living ) ko sAdi-sAnta ( saMsArI) aura jIvana ( life ) ko anAdi-ananta kahate haiN| hama yahA~ jIva kI eka anivArya AvazyakatA-AhAra-ke viSaya meM carcA kareMge kyoMki isake binA vaha saMsAra meM adhika dinoM taka nahIM Tika sktaa| dharma aura adhyAtma ko bhI vikasita nahIM kara sktaa| saMsAra kI kaSTamayatA ke varNana ke bAvajUda bhI pratyeka prANI usake bAhara nahIM jAnA caahtaa| zAstroM meM jova ko mRtyu ke prati nirbhayatA kA dRSTikoNa vikasita kiyA gayA hai, para sAmAnya mAnava prakRti abhI bhI mRtyu ko TAlanA hI cAhatI hai| isaliye vaha usake kAraNoM para vijaya prApta kara atijIvitA ko prazraya detA lagatA hai| ye prayatna isa bAta ke pratIka haiM ki vaha saMsAra va usake pariveza ko duHkhamaya mAnane kI zAstrIya zikSA ko tAtvika mahattva nahIM detA dikhtaa| lagatA hai, use yahA~ sukha adhika aura duHkha kama pratIta hotA hai / vaha andara se svAmI satyabhakta ko aisI hI mAnyatA se adhika prabhAvita dikhatA hai|' AhAra kI dRSTi se jIvoM ko do zreNiyAM mAnanI cAhiye : prathama zreNI meM sabhI prakAra ke vanaspati Ate haiN| ye apanA AhAra svayaM banAte haiM ( svyNpossii)| dUsarI zreNI meM trasa jIva Ate haiM / ye anya jIvoM ko apanA AhAra banAte haiM (pr-possii)| AhAra sabhI jIvoM ke astitva evaM atijIvitA ke liye anivArya AvazyakatA hai / isake viSaya meM jaina zAstroM meM paryApta vivaraNa milatA hai| vahA~ ise AhAra vargaNA, AhAra paryApti, AhAraka zarIra, AhAra pratyAkhyAna, AhAra parISaha tathA AhAra dAna Adi ke rUpa meM sahacarita kiyA gayA hai| ye pada AhAra ke vibhinna rUpoM va phaloM ko prakaTa karate haiN| prArambha meM, samAja ke mArgadarzaka sAdhU evaM AcArya hote the| ve prAyaH sAdhudharma kA hI upadeza karate the| isIliye prAcIna zAstroM meM sAdhu-AcAra kI hI vizeSa carcA pAI jAtI hai| AcArAMga, dazavaikAlika, mUlAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA Adi zrAvakAcAra ke viSaya meM mauna haiN| tathApi aneka AcAryoM ne zrAvakadharma para dhyAna diyA hai| unhoMne ise dvAdazAMgI meM upAsakadazA nAmaka saptama aMga batAyA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki sAdhuoM kI tulanA meM zrAvakoM kI sthiti dvitIya hai, ataH unase sambandhita upadezoM ko amRtacaMdra sUri' taka ne nigrahasthAnI mAnA hai| phira bhI, kuMdakuMda ne caritra prAbhRta meM chaha gAthAoM meM zrAvakoM ke cAritra kA 11 pratimAoM aura 12 bratoM ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai| usameM kucha parivardhana karate hue umAsvAmI ne tatvArtha sutra ke sAtaveM adhyAya ke 18 sUtroM meM isakA varNana kiyA hai / AcArya samantabhadra ne 'na dharmo dhArmikabinA' ke

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- - 268 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda pranya [ khaNDa AdhAra para zrAvakAcAra para sarvaprathama grantha 'ratnakaraMDazrAvakAcAra"5 likhaa| usake bAda aneka AcAryoM ne isa viSaya para grantha likhe haiM / ina granthoM kI tulanA meM sAdhu-AcAra para kama hI grantha likhe gaye haiM ( saarnnii-1)| sAraNI 1. zrAvakAcAra ke pramukha jaina grantha kramAMka AcArya samaya granyanAma kuMdakuMda 1-2 sadI caritra prAbhUta umAsvAmI 2-3 sadI tatvArtha sUtra samantabhadra 5 sadI ratnakaraMDazrAvakAcAra A0 jinasena sadI Adi purANa somadeva 10 sadI upAsakAdhyayana amRtacandra sUri 10 sadI puruSArthasiddhayupAya amita gati-2 10-11 sadI amitagatizrAbakAcAra vasunaMdi 11 sadI vasunaMdizrAvakAcAra padmanaMdi 11 sadI padmanaMdipaMcaviMzatikA paM0 AzAdhara 12-13 sadI sAgAradharmAmRta 11. paM0 daulatarAma kAzakIvAla 1692-1772 jaina kriyAkoSa 12. A0 kuMthusAgara 20 sadI zrAvakadharma pradIpa mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke bAda 13vIM sadI kA anAgAra dharmAmRta hI AtA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki vibhinna yugoM ke AcAryoM ne zrAvakoM ke AcAra kI mahattA svIkRta kI hai| zrAvaka varga na kevala sAdhuoM kA bhautika dRSTi se saMrakSaka hai, apitu vahIM zramaNavarga kA AdhAra hai kyoMki uttama zrAvaka hI uttama sAdhu banate haiN| zrAvaka zramaNa dharma kI pratiSThA kA praharI evaM rakSaka hai| vartamAna zrAvaka bhUtakAlIna paramparA se anuprANita hotA hai aura bhaviSya kI paramparA ko vikasita karatA hai| ataH AcAryoM ne unake viSaya meM dhyAna diyA, yaha na kevala mahattvapUrNa hai, apitu prazaMsanIya bhI hai| AhAra ko paribhASA zrAvaka yA manuSya ke sampUrNa vyaktitva kA nirmANa aneka kArakoM se hotA hai : paramparA, saMskAra, manovijJAna, pariveza, samAja evaM AhAra-vihAra Adi / inameM AhAra pramukha hai| "jaisA khAve anna, vaisA hove mana," "jaisA pIve pAnI, vaisI bole bAnI," Adi lokoktiyAM isI tathya ko prakaTa karatI haiN| yadyapi ye dezakAla sApekSa haiM, phira bhI manovaijJAnika dRSTi se ye atyanta mahattvapUrNa haiM / dhArmika dRSTi se pallavita karmavAda ke anusAra, AhAra zarIra, aMgopAMga, nirmANa, bandhana, saMghAta, saMsthAna evaM saMhanana nAmakarma ke udaya meM nimitta hotA hai| yaha zarIrAntara grahaNa karane hetu ekAdhika samaya kI vigrahagati meM bhI hotA hai| vastutaH AhAra zabda ko avadhAraNA hI A-samantAt-cAroM ora yA pariveza se, harati-grahNAti-grahaNa kiye jAne vAle dravyoM ke AdhAra para sthApita hai| pUjyapAda aura akalaMka' ne tIna sthUla zarIra aura unako cAlita karane vAlI UrjAoM (chaha paryAptiyoM) ke nirmANa ke liye kAraNabhUta pudgala vargaNAoM ( sUkSma, sthUla, drava, gaisa va Thosa dravya ) ke antargrahaNa ko AhAra kahA hai| phalataH, vartamAna meM AhAra yA bhojana ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiye jAne vAle sabhI dravya to AhAra haiM hii| isake atirikta, jainamata ke anusAra, jJAna, darzana aAdi karma aura hAsya, dukha, zoka, bhaya, ghRNA, liMga, icchA, anicchA Adi nokarma bhI UrjAtmaka sUkSma dravya haiM / ataH

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3] jaina zAstroM meM AhAra vijJAna 269 inakA bhI pariveza se antargrahaNa AhAra kahalAtA hai / isa dRSTi se jainoM kI 'AhAra' zabda kI paribhASA, Aja kI vaijJAnika paribhASA se, paryApta vyApaka mAnanA caahiye| isameM bhautika dravyoM ke sAtha bhAvanAtmaka tatvoM kA antargrahaNa bhI samAhita kiyA gayA hai| isaliye AhAra ke zArIrika prabhAvoM ke sAtha manovaijJAnika prabhAva bhI jaina zAstroM meM prAcIna kAla se hI mAne jAte haiN| AhAra vizeSajJoM ne AhAra ke bhAvanAtmaka prabhAvoM se saha-sambandhana kI puSTi pichalI sadI ke antima dazaka meM hI kara pAI hai| AhAra kI AvazyakatA, lAbha yA upayoga : vaijJAnika paribhASA jaina AcAryoM ne prANiyoM ke liye AhAra kI AvazyakatA pratipAdita karane hetu apane nirIkSaNoM ko nirUpita kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM batAyA hai ki AhAra ke abhAva meM zarIra kAkajaMghA tRNa ke samAna durbala ho jAtA hai, dhamaniyA~ spaSTa najara Ane lagatI haiN|" bhUkhe rahane para prANI kI kriyAkSamatA ghaTa jAtI hai / mUlAcAra ke AcArya " ne dekhA ki AhAra kI AvazyakatA do kAraNoM se hotI hai : (i) bhautika aura (ii) AdhyAtmika / vastutaH bhautika lakSyoM kI prApti se hI AdhyAtmika lakSya saghatA hai, "zarIramAdyaM khalu dharmasAdhanaM " / inheM sAraNI 2 meM diyA gayA hai / * sAraNI 2 : AhAra ke zAstrIya evaM vaMjJAnika lAbha vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa (a) bhautika lAbha : zAstrIya dRSTikoNa (i) zarIra meM bala (UrjA) bar3hatA hai / (ii) jIvana kA AyuSya bar3hatA hai / (iii) zarIra-taMtra puSTa ( kAryakSama ) rahatA hai / (iv) zarIra kI kAMti bar3hatI hai| (v) jIvana susvAdu hotA hai / (vi) bhUkha kI prAkRtika abhilASA zAMta hotI hai / (vii) dazoM prANa sandhArita rahate haiM / (viii) AhAra auSadha kA kArya bhI karatA 1 (ix) isase dUsaroM kI vaiyAvRtya ko jA sakatI hai / (x) isase tapa aura dhyAna meM sahAyatA milatI hai / AdhyAtmika lAbha (i) AhAra zarIra kI mUlabhUta evaM viziSTa kriyAmoM meM sahAyaka hotA hai| (ii) yaha zarIra kozikAoM ke vikAsa, saMrakSaNa va punarjanana meM sahAyaka hotA hai / (iii) yaha roga pratIkArakSamatA detA hai| (iv) zarIra kI kAryapraNAlI ko saMtulita evaM niyaMtrita karatA hai| (v) yaha zarIra kriyAoM ko Avazyaka UrjA pradAna karatA hai / (1) yaha carama AdhyAtmika lakSya (mokSa) prApti kA sAdhana hai / (2) yaha dharmapAlana ke liye Avazyaka hai / (3) isase jJAnaprApti meM saralatA hotI hai / AzAvara 12 ke anusAra, zarIra kA sthiti ke liye AhAra Avazyaka hai| sthAnAMga 3 meM AhAra se manojJatA, rasamayatA, poSaNa, bala, uddIpana aura uttejana kI bAta kahI hai| jJArIrika bala puSTi, kAnti aura roga pratIkAra kSamatA kA hI pratIka hai / svAmikumAra to kSudhA aura tRSA ko prAkRtika vyAdhi hI mAnate haiN| unake anusAra AhAra 4 34

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270 paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa se prANadhAraNa aura zAstrAbhyAsa-donoM saMbhAvita haiN| kuMdakuMda'5 bhI yaha mAnate haiM ki AhAra hI mAMsa, rudhira Adi meM pariNata hotA hai / phalataH yaha spaSTa hai ki AhAra ke zAsvIya uddezya ve hI haiM jinheM hama pratidina anubhava karate haiM / inheM yadi Adhunika bhASA meM kahA jAve, to yaha kaha sakate haiM ki zarIra-taMtra meM sAmAnyataH do prakAra kI kriyAyeM hotI haiM : sAmAnya evaM vizeSa / sAmAnya kriyAoM meM zvAsocchAvAsa yA prANaghAraNa ko kriyA, pAcana kriyA Adi tathA vizeSa kriyAoM meM AjIvikA sambandhI kArya, likhanA-par3hanA, zrama, tapa aura sAdhanA Adi samAhita haiN| Aja ke AhAravijJAniyoM ne jIva zarIra ko kozikIya saMracanA aura kriyAvidhi ke AdhAra para sAraNI 2 meM diye gaye AhAra ke tIna atirikta uddezya bhI batAye haiN| inakA ullekha zAstroM meM pratyakSataH nahIM pAyA jaataa| vaijJAnika zarIra kI sthiti ke atirikta vikAsa, sudhAra va punarjanana hetu bhI AhAra ko Avazyaka mAnate haiM / yaha tathya mAnava kI garbhAvasthA se bAla, kumAra, yuvA evaM prauDhaavasthA ke nirantara vikAsamAna rUpa tathA rugNatA yA kupoSaNa ke samaya AhAra-kI guNavattA ke parivartana se hone vAle lAbha se spaSTa hotA hai| bIsavIM sadI ke prAraMbha meM vaijJAnikoM ne pAyA ki koI kArya, gati yA prakriyA bhItarI yA bAharI UrjA ke binA nahIM ho sktii| zarIra-saMbandhita uparokta kArya bhI UrjA ke binA nahIM hote| isaliye yaha socanA sahaja hai ki AhAra ke vibhinna avayavoM se zarIra ke vibhinna kAryoM ke liye UrjA milatI hai| yaha UrjA-pradAya usake cayApacaya meM hone vAlo jIva-rAsAyanika, zarIra kriyAtmaka evaM rAsAyanika parivartanoM dvArA hotA hai| yaha jJAta huA hai ki sAmAnya vyakti ke liye uparokta lakSyoM ke pUrti ke lie lagabhaga do hajAra kailorI UrjA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| ataH hamAre AhAra kA eka lakSya yaha bhI hai ki usake antargrahaNa evaM cayApacaya se samucita mAtrA meM UrjA prApta ho| isa prakAra, vaijJAnika dRSTi se AhAra aise padArthoM yA dravyoM kA antargrahaNa hai jinake pAcana se zarIra kI sAmAnya-vizeSa kriyAoM ke liye UrjA milatI rhe| yaha paribhASA zAstrIya paribhASA kA vistRta evaM vaijJAnika rUpa hai| isameM guNAtmakatA ke sAtha parimANAtmaka aMza bhI isa sadI meM samAhita huA hai| AhAra ke bheda-prabheda jaina zAstroM meM AhAra ko do AdhAroM para vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai :( i ) AhAra meM prayukta ghaTaka aura ( ii ) AhAra ke antargrahaNa kI vidhi / prathama prakAra ke vargIkaraNa ko sAraNI 3 meM diyA gayA hai| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki mukhyataH AhAra ke cAra ghaTaka mAne gaye haiM jinameM kahI kucha nAma va artha meM antara hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prArambha meM AhAra ke kevala do hI ghaTaka mAne jAte the : bhakta ( Thosa khAdyapadArtha ) aura pAna ( tarala khAdya padArtha ) yA pAna aura bhojana ( bhaktapAna, pAnabhojana )16 / yaha zabda viparyaya bhI kaba-kaise huA, yaha anveSaNIya hai| prajJApanA meM sajIva (pRthvo, jalAdi ), nirjIva ( khanija lavaNAdi ) evaM mizra prakAra ke vighaTako AhAra batAye gaye haiM / isase pratIta hotA hai ki AhAra ke ghaTakagata cAra yA usase adhika bheda uttaravartI haiN| mehatA ne Avazyaka sUtra kA uddharaNa dete hae auSadha evaM bheSaja ko bhI AhAra ke antargata samAviSTa karane kA sujhAva diyA hai| inameM azana aura khAdya ekArthaka lagate haiN| para do pRthak zabdoM se aisA lagatA hai ki azana se paktAnna ( odanAdi ) kA aura khAdya se kacce khAye jAne vAle padArthoM ( khajUra, zarkarA ) kA bodha hotA hai| para ekAdhika sthAna meM puA, laDDU Adi ko bhI isake udAharaNa ke rUpa meM diyA gayA hai / ataH azana aura khAdya ke arthoM meM spaSTatA apekSita hai| isI prakAra azana, khAdya aura makSya ke artha bhI spaSTanIya haiM / pAna, peya aura pAnaka bhI spaSTa to hone hI cAhiye / AzAghara' ne lepa ko bhI AhAra mAnA hai aura tailamardana kA udAharaNa diyA hai| isameM tela kA kiMcit antargrahaNa to hotA hI hai| vRhatkalpabhASya meM sAdhuoM ke liye tIna AhAroM kA varNana kiyA hai jo sneha aura rasa vihIna AhAra ke dyotaka haiN| mUlAcAra2' meM cAra aura chahadonoM prakAra ke ghaTaka batAye gaye haiM / aise hI kucha varNanoM se ise saMgraha grantha kahA jAtA hai|

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jaina zAstroM meM AhAra vijJAna 271 sAraNI 3. AhAra ke ghaTakagata bheda lehya peya peya lepa dazavakAlika mUlAcAra ratnakaraMDa sAgAra anA0 udAharaNa zrAvakAcAra dharmAmRta dharmAmRta azana azana azana azana odanAdi pAna pAna pAna pAna jala, dugdhAdi khAdya khAdya khAdya khAdya khAdya khAdya khajUra, laDDU svAdya svAdya svAdya svAdya svAdya pAna, ilAyacI makSya maMDakAdi lehya - lapsI, haluA peya jala, dugdha taila mardana 'azana' koTi kA vistRta nirUpaNa dekhane meM nahIM AyA hai| isakA uddezya kSudhA-upazamana hai| isa koTi meM mukhyataH anna yA dhAnya liyA jA sakatA hai / yadyapi zrutasAgara sUri ne dhAnya ke 7 yA 18 bheda batAye haiM, para pUrvavartI sAhitya meM 24 prakAra ke dhAnyoM kA ullekha hai| inameM vartamAna meM ikSu aura dhaniyA ko dhAnya nahIM mAnA jaataa| isaliye zrutasAgara22 kI sUcI meM bhI inakA nAma nahIM hai| prAcIna sAhitya 3 meM peya padArthoM ke sAmAnyataH tIna bheda mAne gaye haiM para AzAdhara24 ne sabhI ko pAnaka mAnakara usake chaha bheda batAye haiM (sAraNI 4) / AcArAMga meM 21 pAnakoM kA ullekha hai| vrata vidhAna saMgraha meM 'kAMjI' jAti ko pRthak ginAyA gayA hai para use 'pAnaka' meM hI samAhita mAnanA cAhiye / yaha spaSTa hai ki AzAdhara ke chaha pAnaka pUrvavartI25 AcAryoM se nAma va artha meM kucha bhinna par3ate haiN| azana kI tulanA meM pAnakoM ko prANAnugrahI mAnA jAtA hai| antargrahaNa-vidhi para AdhArita bheSa bhagavatI sUtra aura prajJApanA26 meM antargrahaNa kI vidhi para AdhArita AhAra ke tIna bheda batAye gaye haiM : ojAhAra, romAhAra aura kavalAhAra / isake viparyApta meM vIrasena ne dhavalA27 meM chaha AhAra batAye haiM : USmA yA ojAhAra, lepa yA lepyAhAra, kavalAhAra, mAnasAhAra, karmAhAra, nokarmAhAra / vahA~ yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki vigrahagatisamApanna jIva, samuddhAtagata kevalI aura siddha anAhAraka hote haiM / lor3hA26 ne vanaspatiyoM ke prakaraNa meM ojAhAra ko svAMgIkaraNa ( esimilezana ) kahA hai, yaha truTipUrNa pratIta hotA hai| isa zabda kA artha antargrahaNa ke bAda hone vAlI kriyA se liyA jAtA hai jise annapAcana kaha sakate haiN| vastutaH ise zoSaNa yA evasorzana mAnanA cAhiye jo bAharI yA bhItarI-donoM pRSTha para ho sakatA hai| hamAre zarIra yA vanaspatiyoM dvArA saura USmA evaM vAyu kA pRSThIya avazoSaNa isakA udAharaNa hai| isIliye ise mahAprajJa ne UrjAhAra kA hI nAma diyA hai|" lepyAhAra ko bhI isI kA eka rUpa mAnA jA sakatA hai| romAhAra ko visaraNa yA parAsaraNa prakriyA kaha sakate haiN| yaha kevala vanaspatiyoM meM hI nahIM, zarIra-kozikAoM meM nirantara hotA rahatA hai| kavalAhAra to spaSTa hI mukha se liye jAne vAle Thosa evaM tarala padArtha haiN| ye tInoM prakAra ke AhAra sabhI jIvoM ke liye samAnya haiN| jaba bhAvoM aura saMvegoM kA prabhAva bhI jIvoM meM dekhA gayA, taba vibhinna karma, nokarma evaM manovegoM ko bhI ahAra kI zreNI meM samAhita kiyA gyaa| yaha sacamuca hI Azcarya hai ki bhArata meM isa manovaijJAnika prakriyA kA avalokana navamI sadI meM hI kara liyA gayA thaa| ye tInoM hI sUkSma yA UrjAtmaka puGgala haiN| aMtaraMga yA bahiraMga pariveza se romAhAra dvArA inakA antargrahaNa hotA hai aura anurUpI

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272 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa sAraNI 4. azana/ghAnya tathA pAnakoM ke vividha rUpa nizIthacUNi (a) kArbohAiDe TI zrutasAgara pAnaka, 6 pAnaka,6 ( sA0 dharmAmRta ) (ma0 A0) 2. zAli 2 zAli 2. zAli 1. ghana ( dahI Adi) ( svaccha nIbU rasa) 3. vrIhi SaSThika 3 yava 3. yava 2. tarala ( amla rasa) bahala phala rasa yava 4. kodrava 3. lepi lepi ( dahI) 6. kodrava 5. kaMgu (dhAna vizeSa) 4. alepi alepi 7. kaMgu 8. rAlaka 6. rAlako 5. sasiktha sa-siktha ( dUdha ) 7. maThavaNava (jvAra) 6. asiktha asiktha ( mAMDa) ( ba ) proTInI peya, 3 9. mUMga 4. mUMga 8. mUMga 1. pAna ( surAyeM, madya ) 10 ur3ada 5. ur3ada 9. ur3ada 2. pAnIya (jala) 11. canA 6. canA 10. caNaka 3. pAnaka ( phala rasAdi ) 12. arahara 7. arahara 11. arahara 13. rAjamASa 14. atIsaMda ( maTara ) 12. rAjabhASa ( ramAsI) 15. masUra 13. makuSTha ( vanamUMga) 16. kAloya ( maTara ) 14. siMvA (sema) 17. aNuka ( sema , 18. niSpAva ( bhaTavanAsa) - 15. kInAza ( masUra) 19. kulathI ( baTarA) 16. kulathI ( baTarA) (sa ) vasIya 20. tila 17. sarSaSa 21. alasI 18. tila 22. tripuDa (4) vividha 23. ikSu 24. dhaniyA~ pariNAma hotA hai| phalataH vIrasena ke antima tIna AhAra sAmagrI-vizeSa ko dhotita karane haiM, vidhi-vizeSa ko nhiiN| ataH antagrahaNa vidhi para AdhArita AhAra tIna prakAra kA hI upayukta mAnanA caahiye|

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jaina zAstroM meM AhAra vijJAna 273 ghaTaka-mana bhedoM kA vaijJAnika samIkSaNa Adhunika vaijJAnika mAnyatAnusAra,28 AhAra ke chaha prasukha ghaTaka hote haiM : nAma udAharaNa UrjA ke. 1. kArbohAiDreTI yA zarkarAmaya padArtha : gehU~, cAvala, yava, jvAra, kodoM, kaMgu 40/g 2. vasIya padArtha sarSapa, tila, alasI 90/g 3. proTIna padArtha mASa, mUMga, canA, arahara, maTara 4.0/g 4. khanija padArtha phala-rasa, zAka-mAjI 5. viTAmina-hArmonI padArtha gAjara, saMtarA, AMvalA 6. jala zodhita, chanita jala vaijJAnika vibhinna prAkRtika khAdya padArthoM ko unake pramukha ghaTaka ke AdhAra vargIkRta karate haiM kyoMki unameM isake atirikta anya upayogI ghaTaka bhI alpamAtrA meM pAye jAte haiN| ye alpamAtrika ghaTaka khAdyoM kI supAcyatA, pArzvaprabhAvarahitatA tathA UrjA prabhAva ko niyantrita karate haiN| yadi hama zAstrIya vivaraNa kA isa AdhAra para adhyayana kareM, to pratIta hotA hai ki azanAdi ghaTaka ( azana : Thosa; pAna : drava; khAdya, phala-meve; svAdyaH viTAminAdi ) viziSTa AhAra varga ko nirUpita karate haiN| usa samaya rAsAyanika vizleSaNa ke AdhAra para to vargIkaraNa sambhava nahIM thA, ataH kevala avasthA ( Thosa, drava evaM gaisIya avasthA kI dhAraNA mI nagaNya tho) ke AdhAra para hI vargIkaraNa sambhava thaa| azana ko dhAnya jAtika mAnane para yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki usake 7 / 18 / 24 bhedoM meM vartamAna vaijJAnikoM dvArA mAnya tIna pramukha koTiyAM samAhita haiN| pAna ko drava-AhAra mAnane para usameM jala, phala-rasa, drAkSA-jala, mAMr3a, dUdha, dahI Adi samAhita hote haiN| inameM bhI vaijJAnikoM dvArA mAnya tInoM pramukha va anya koTiyoM ke padArtha haiN| mAMDa, drAkSAjala kArbohAiDreTa haiM, dahI proTIna vasoya hai, nIbU, phala-rasa viTAmina-khanija tattvI haiN| dravAhAra se zarIra kriyAtmaka parivahana evaM santulana banA rahatA hai| vaijJAnika jala ko chor3akara anya pAnakoM ko unake pramukha ghaTakoM ke AdhAra para hI vargIkRta karate haiM / drava ghaTakoM meM pramukha koTiyoM ke atirikta do anya koTiyAM bhI pAI jAtI haiN| khAdya-ghaTaka ke antargata, diye gaye udAharaNoM se isameM mukhyataH phala-meve aura ekAdhika ghaTakoM ke mizraNa se bane khAdya Ate haiM-puA, laDDU, khajUra Adi / svAdya koTi ke udAharaNoM se khanija, ailkelAyaDa, tathA alpamAtrika ghaTakI padArthoM ( pAna, ilAyacI, loga, kAlImirca, auSadha Adi) kI sUcanA milatI hai| ise vaijJAnikoM kI uparokta 4-5 koTi meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| uparokra samIkSaNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki zAstrIya vivaraNoM meM AhAra sambandhI ghaTakagata vargIkaraNa vyApaka to hai, para yaha paryApta sthUla, mizrita aura aspaSTa hai / ise adhika yathArtha rUpa meM prastuta karane kI AvazyakatA hai| phira bhI, isa vivaraNa se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki jaina zAstroM meM varNita AhAra-vijJAna meM vartamAna meM mAnya sabhI ghaTakoM ko samAhita karane vAle khAdya padArtha sammilita kiye gaye haiN| madhusena kA yaha mata sahI pratIta hotA hai ki zAstrIya yuga meM saiddhAntika dRSTi se AhAra ke vartamAna pauSTikatA ke sabhI tatva parokSataH samAhita the| uparokta ghaTakoM ke udAharaNoM se eka manoraMjaka tathya sAmane AtA hai| inameM vanaspatija zAkamAjI, sAmAnyataH samAhita nahIM haiN| ve kisa koTi meM rakhI jAveM, yaha spaSTa nahIM hai / tathApi zAstroM meM unakI bhakSyatA kI dazAoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai|

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274 paM0 jagamohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa AhAra kA kAla kuMdakuMda42 aura AzAdhara29 ne batAyA hai ki dravya, kSetra, kAla (rituyeM, dina), mAva evaM zarIra ke pAcana sAmarthya kI samIkSA kara zArIrika evaM mAnasika svAsthya ke liye bhojana karanA cAhiye / yaha tathya jitanA sAdhuoM para lAgU hotA hai, utanA hI sAmAnya janoM para bhii| nizItha cUrNi ( 590-690 I0) meM batAyA gayA hai ki eka hI deza ke vibhinna kSetroM meM AhAra-sambandhI AdateM aura paramparAyeM bhinna-bhinna hotI haiN| jAMgala, a-jAMgala evaM sAdhAraNa kSetra vizeSoM ke kAraNa mAnava prakRti meM viziSTa prakAra se tridoSoM kA samavAya hotA hai| yaha AhAra ke ghaTakoM kA saMketa yA niyantraNa karatA hai| vibhinna rituyeM bhI AhAra kI prakRti aura parimANa ko parivartI banAtI haiN| zarada-vasanta ritu meM rukSa annapAna, grISma va varSA meM zIta annapAna, hemanta evaM zivira ritu meM snigdha evaM uSNa AhAra lenA cAhiye / ugrAditya * ne to dina ke vibhinna bhAgoM ko hI chaha rituoM meM vargIkRta kara tadanusAra khAnapAna kA sujhAva diyA hai : pUrvAhna : vasanta; madhyAhna : grISma aparAhna : varSA; AdyarAtri: prAvRda; madhyarAtri : zarada, pratyUSa : hemanta / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kahA hai ki ritu Adi kI anurUpatA ke sAtha kSetra vizeSa kI paraMparA bhI AhAra-kAla va pramANa ko prabhAvita karatI hai| mUlAcAra32 to AhAra ko vyAdhi zAmaka mAnatA hai| yahI nahIM, AhAra ko manovaijJAnika dRSTi se UtsAhavardhaka evaM bhAvanAtmakataH saMtuSTi kAraka bhI honA caahiye| yaha prakriyA AhAra dravyoM aura unake pakAne kI vidhi para bhI nirbhara karatI hai| sAdhu to 46 doSoM se rahita zuddha bhojana, vikRti-rahita para drava-dravya yukta viddha bhojana evaM ubalA huA prAkRtika bhojana kara AnandAnubhUti karatA hai para sAmAnya jana isake viparIta bhI yogyAyogya vicAra kara mojana karate haiN| Ayurvedika dRSTi se ugrAditya33 kA mata hai ki bhojana kAla taba mAnanA cAhiye jaba (i) malamUtra-visarjana ThIka se huA ho ( ii) apAnavAyu nisarita ho cukI ho ( iii ) zarIra halkA lage aura indriyAM prasanna ho ( iv ) jaTharAgni uddIpta ho rahI ho aura bhUkha laga rahI ho (v) hRdaya svastha ho aura tridoSa sAmya meM ho| nemIcandra cakravartI ne bhI manobhAvanAtmaka kSudhAnubhUti, asAtA vedanIya karma kI udIraNA, AhAra-darzana se hone vAlI ruci evaM pravRtti ko AhAra kAla batAyA hai| AzAdhara ne sUryodaya se peMtAlIsa minaTa bAda se lekara sUryAsta se pauna ghaMTe pahale taka ke kAla ko sAmAnya janoM ke liye AhAra kAla batAyA hai| isake vipayasi meM, mUlAcAra meM sAdhuoM ke liye sUryodaya se savA ghaMTe bAda tathA sUryAsta se savA ghaMTe pUrva ke lagabhaga 10 ghaMTe ke madhya kAla ko AhAra kAla batAyA gayA hai| uttama puruSa dina meM eka bAra aura madhyama puruSa uparokta samaya sImA meM dina meM do bAra AhAra lete haiN| rAtribhojana to jainoM meM svIkRta hI nahIM hai| isa prakAra sAmAnya manuSya kA lagabhaga AdhA jIvana upavAsa meM hI bItatA hai| mUlAcAra aura uttarAdhyayana ke anusAra, madhyAhna yA dina kA tIsarA prahara AhAra kAla baiThatA hai| kRSakoM ke deza meM yaha kAla ucita hI hai| para vartamAna se AhAra kAla prAyaH pUrvAhna 12 baje ke pUrva hI samApta ho jAtA hai / mahAprajJa3 4 kA mata hai ki vAstavika AhAra kAla rasoI banane ke samaya ke anurUpa mAnanA cAhiye jo kSetraphala ke anurUpa parivartI hotA hai| zAstroM meM rAtri bhojana ke aneka doSa batAye gaye haiN| prArambha meM Alokita-pAna-bhojana ke rUpa meM isakI mAnyatA thii| taila-dIpI rAtri meM vidyat kI jagamagAhaTa A jAne se prAcIna yuga ke aneka doSa kAphI mAtrA meM kama

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jaina zAstroM meM AhAra vijJAna 275 ho gaye haiN| isaliye yaha viSaya paramparA ke badale suvidhA kA mAnA jAne lagA hai| phira bhI, svastha, sukho evaM ahiMsaka jIvana kI dRSTi se isakI upaya gitA ko kama nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isIliye ise jainatva ke cihna ke rUpa meM Aja bhI pratiSThA prApta hai| AhAra kAla aura antarAla kI jaina mAnyatA vijJAna-sathita hai| AhAra kA pramANa sAmAnya jana ke AhAra kA pramANa kitanA ho, isakA ullekha zAstroM meM nahIM pAyA jaataa| parantu bhagavato ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra, bhagavatI sUtra, anAgAra dharmAmRta Adi granthoM meM sAdhuoM ke AhAra kA pramANa batAte hue kahA hai ki puruSa kA adhikatama AhAra-pramANa 32 grAsa pramANa evaM mahilAoM kA 28 grAsa pramANa hotA hai| opapAtika sUtra meM AhAra ke bhAra kA 'grAsa' yUniTa eka sAmAnya murgI ke aNDe ke barAbara mAnA gayA hai jaba ki basunandi ne mulAvAra vRtti36 meM ise eka hajAra cAvaloM ke barAbara mAnA hai| aNDe ke bhAra ko mAnaka mAnanA Agama yuga meM isake pracalana kA nirUpaka hai| bAda meM sambhavataH ahiMsaka dRSTi se yaha niSiddha ho gayA aura taNDula ko bhAra kA yUniTa mAnA jAne lgaa| yaha taNDula bhI kauna-sA hai. yaha spaSTa nahIM hai| para taNDula zabda se kaccA cAvala grahaNa karanA upayukta hogaa| sAmAnyataH eka aMDe kA bhAra 50-60 grAma mAnA jAtA hai, phalataH manuSya ke AhAra kA adhikatama denika pramANa 32450 % 1600 grAma tathA mahilAoM ke AhAra-pramANa 28450-1400 grAma AtA hai| bIsavIM sadI ke logoM ke liye yaha sUcanA acaraja meM DAla sakatI hai, para pada yAtriyoM ke yuga meM yaha sAmAnya ho mAnI jAmI cAhiye / isake viparyApta meM eka hajAra cAvala ke yUniTa kA bhAra 12-15 grAma hotA hai, isa AdhAra para puruSa kA AhAra pramANa 32415= 480 grAma aura mahilA kA AhAra-pramANa 20x15 - 420 grAma AtA hai| yaha kucha avyAvahArika pratIta hotA hai| yaha 'yUniTa' saMzodhanIya hai| pramANa ke viSaya meM 'pAsa' ke yUniTa ko chor3akara zAstroM meM koI matabheda nahIM pAyA jaataa| AhAra kA yaha prabhAva pramANopeta, parimita va prazasta kahA gayA hai| eka bhakta sAdhu ke liye yaha eka vAra ke AhAra kA pramANa hai, sAmAnya janoM ke liye yaha do vAra ke bhojana kA pramANa hai| catuHsamayo AhAra-yuga meM yaha dainika AhAra pramANa hogaa| saMtulita AhAra kI dhAraNA ke anusAra, eka sAmAnya prauDha puruSa aura mahilA kA AhAra-pramANa 1250-1500 grAma ke bIca parivartoM hotA hai| Agamika kAla ke caturaMgI AhAra meM saMbhavataH jala bhI sammilita hotA thaa| zAstroM meM AhAra prakaraNa ke antargata AhAra ke vibhAga bhI batAye gaye haiN| mUlAcAra meM, udara ke cAra bhAga karane kA saMketa hai| usake do bhAgoM meM AhAra le, tosare bhAga meM jala tathA cauthA bhAga vAya-saMcAra ke liye rkhe| isakA artha yaha haA ki bhojana kA eka-tihAI hissA dravAhAra honA cAhiye / isase svAsthya ThIka rahegA aura Avazyaka kriyAyeM saralatA se ho skeNgii| ugrAditya ne AhAra-parimANa to nahIM batAyA, para usake vibhAga avazya kahe haiN| sarvaprathama cikane madhara padArtha khAnA cAhiye, madhya meM namakIna evaM amla padArthoM ko khAnA cAhiye, usake bAda sabhI rasoM ke AhAra karanA cAhiye, sabase anta meM dravaprAya AhAra lenA caahiye| sAmAnya bhojana meM dAla, cAvala, dhI kI banI cIjeM, kAMjI, takra tathA zIta/uSNa jala honA caahiye| bhojanAnta meM jala avazya pInA caahiye| sAmAnyataH yaha mata pratiphalita hotA hai ki bhUkha se AdhA khAnA caahiye| yaha mata AhAra kI supAcyatA kI dRSTi se ati uttama hai| zAstroM meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki pauSTika khAdya, adhapake khAdya yA sacitta khAdya khAne se vAtaroga, udarapIDA evaM madavRddhi hote haiM / nemicaMdra sari ne udara ke chaha bhAga kiye haiN| 43

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276 paM0 jagamohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa sAmAnya AhAra ghaTakoM meM uparokta vibhAga nizcita rUpa se Adhunika AhAra vijJAna ke anurUpa nahIM pratIta hotaa| isameM santulita AhAra kI dhAraNA kA samAveza nahIM hai| isI kAraNa adhikAMza sAdhuoM meM poSaka tatvoM kA abhAva banA rahatA hai aura unakA zarIra tapa va sAdhanA ke teja se dIpita nahIM rahatA hai / vaha prabhAvaka evaM antaHzakti garmita bhI nahIM lagatA / yadyapi saiddhAntika dRSTi se yaha tathya mahatvapUrNa nahIM hai, phira bhI vyAvahArika dRSTi se yaha tathya mahatvapUrNa nahIM hai, phira bhI vyAvahArika dRSTi se isakI mahAn bhUmikA hai| bhakSyAbhakSya vicAra jaina zAstrIya AhAra vijJAna meM vibhinna khAdya padArthoM kI eSaNIyatA para prArambha se hI vicAra kiyA gayA hai / AcArAMga, samantabhadra, pUjyapAda, akalaMka, bhAskaranandi, AzAdhara aura zAstrI ne amakSyatA ke nimna AdhAra batAye haiN| ( sAraNI 5) / inase spaSTa hai ki abhakSyatA kA AdhAra kevala hiMsAtmakatA hI nahIM hai, isake aneka laukika AdhAra bhI haiN| mAnava ke parapoSI hone ke kAraNa ina sabhI AdhAroM para vicAraNA svatantra zodha kA viSaya hai| sAraNI 5. abhakSyatA ke AdhAra ( zAstrIya ) AdhAra kAraNa udAharaNa 1. sajIvadhAta, bahujantuyonisthAna do yA adhikendriya jIvoM kI sthiti se paMcodaMbaraphala, calita rasa, AcArabahudhAta / bahubadha / hiMsA / murabbAdi, madhu, mAMsa, dvidala, prasa-jIva hiNsaa| rAtribhojana 2. sthAvara jIva dhAta pratyeka anaMtakAya vanaspati jIvoM ko kaMdamUla, bahu vIjaka, koMpala, kacce ( anaMtakAyika) hiNsaa| phala 3. pramAda/mAdakatA vardhaka Alasya, unmattatA, citta vibhrama madya, gAMjA, bhAMga, carasAdi 4. rogotpAdakatA/aniSTatA svAsthya ke liye ahitakara 5. anupasevyatA lokaviruddhatA pyAja, lahasuna Adi 6. alpa phala-bahu vidhAta, alpa vanaspati dhAta ganne kI gar3erI, teMdU, kalodA, phalIbhojya-bahu-ujjhaNIya dAra padArtha, mAlI, sUraNa 7, apakvatA/azastra pratihatatA/ sabhI vanaspati prArambha meM sajIva jala anagnipakvatA rahate haiM, aprAsuka haiM ina AdhAroM para zAstroM meM amakSya padArthoM kI bAisa zreNiyAM batAI gaI haiN| yaha saMkhyA terahavIM sadI meM sthira huI hai| isake pUrva zAstroM meM abhakSyoM kI koTiyAM to batAI gaI, para nizcita saMkhyA kA saMketa nahIM thaa| sAdhvI maMjUlA'* ke anusAra, inakA sarvaprathama ullekha dharmasaMgraha nAmaka grantha meM milatA hai| sAraNI 6 meM tIna srotoM meM prApta bAisa abhakSyoM ko diyA gayA hai / isase spaSTa hai ki pratyeka sUcI meM kucha antara hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa sUcI meM samaya-samaya para nAma jor3e gaye haiM, isIliye isameM aneka nAmoM koTiyoM meM punarAvRtti bhI hai| udAharaNArtha, calita rasa meM madya, makkhana, dvidala, AcAra murabbA samAhita hote haiM aura bahuvIjaka meM baiMgana A jAtA hai| inheM cAra koTiyoM meM vargIkRta kara vaijJAnika dRSTi se samIkSita kiyA jAnA caahiye| aneka prakAra ke prAkRtika evaM saMzleSita khAdya padArthoM kA yuga hai| unakI bhakSyAbhakSya vicAraNA bhI Avazyaka hai| isa para anyatra carcA kI gaI hai|

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3] dharmasaMgraha (a) kiNvita 1. madya 2. 3. makkhana calita rasa dvidala 4. (ba) parirakSita : 5. AcAra-murabbA (sa) trasa sthAvara jIvaghAta 6-10. paMcoduMbara phala 11. mAMsa 12. madhu 13. anaMtakAyika 14. bahuvIjaka 15. ba~gana (da) vividha 16. viSa 17. barpha 18. olA 19. tuccha phala 20. ajJAtaphala 21. mRta jAti-lavaNa 22. rAtri bhojana sAraNI 6. vibhinna botoM meM bAIsa amakSya jIva vicAra prakaraNa 41 madya makkhana calita rasa AcAra-murabbA 35 paMcoduMbara phala mAMsa madhu anaMtakAyika bahuvIjaka baMgana viSa barpha bolA tucchaphala ajJAtaphala kacce lavaNa rAtri bhojana kaccI mATI jaina zAstroM meM AhAra vijJAna 277 daulatarAma 42 kriyAkoSa 3. AcArya, kuMdakuMda; aSpAhur3a, di0 jaina saMsthAna, mahAvIrajI, 1967, peja 69-77 / 4. AcArya, umAsvAmI; tatvArtha sUtra, varNI granthamAlA, kAzI, 1949 peja 337-58 / madya makkhana kiNvana-padArtha ghola bar3A, vahI bar3A, dvidala AcAra-murabbA uttarAdhyayana, sanmati jJAnapITha. AgarA, 1972, peja 17 / paMcoduMbara phala mAMsa nirdeza 1. svAmI satyabhakta; saMgama, maI 1987 / 2. zAstrI, kailAzacaMdra, paM0; sAgAra dharmAmRta (saM0), bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 198, peja 40 / madhu kaMdamUla bahuvIjaka baiMgana viSa varka olA ajJAtaphala 5. AcArya, samantabhadra; ratnakaraMDa zrAvakAcAra, e0 ela0 jaina TrasTa, bhelasA, 1951 / 6. jaina, DaoN0 sAgaramala; zrAvakadharma kI prAsaMgikatA kA prazna, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, 1983, peja 7 / rAtri bhojana 7. jaina, DaoN0 nemIcaMdra ( saM0 ); tIrthaMkara, janavarI 1987 / 8. bhaTTa, akalaMka tatvArthaM rAjavArtika-2, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1957, peja 5-76 / 9. vahI; tatvArtha rAjavArtika-1, vahI, 1953, peja 140 / 10.

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278 paM0 jagamohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa 11. AcArya, baTTakera, mUlAcAra, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 1984, peja 369-71 / 12. paMDita, AzAdhara, anAgAra dharmAmRta, vahI, 1377, peja 495 / 13. -- ThANaM, jaina vizvamAratI, lADanU, 1982 / 14. svAmi, kumAra; svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA, rAyacaMdra Azrama, agAsa, 1978, peja 264 / 15. AcArya, kuMdakuMda; samayasAra, sI0 je0 pabliziMga hAusa, lakhanaU, 1930, peja 109 / 16. dekhiye, nirdeza 10 peja 157 / / 17. Arya zyAma; prajJApanAsUtra, Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, 1983 / 18. mehatA, mohanalAla; jaina AcAra pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, kAzI, 1966, peja 166 / 19. paMDita, AzAdhara; sagAra dharmAmRta, mA0 jJAnapITha, dillI, 1981 / 20. dekhiye, niza 11, bhAga 1 peja 361 evaM bhAga 2 peja 65 / 21. sena, madhu; kalcarala sTaDI Ava nizIthacUNi, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, kAzI, 1975, peja 125 / 22. zrutasAgara, sUri; tatvArthavRtti, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1949, peja 251 / 23. muni nathamala (saM0); dazavakAlikaH eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, 1967, peja 207 / 24. dekhiye nirdeza 3, peja 333 / 25. AcArya, zivakoTi; bhagavatI ArAdhanA, jIvarAja granthamAlA, zolApura 1918, peja 418 / 26. loDhA kanhaiyAlAla; marudhara kesarI abhi0 grantha, 1968, peja 137-54 / 27. svAmI vIrasena; dhavalA, khaNDa 1-1, esa0 ela0 TrasTa, amarAvatI, 1939, peja 409 / 28. pAika, Ara0 ela0 evaM brAuna, piraTila; nyUTrIzana, bAilI-IsTarna, dillI, 1970, adhyAya 2-4 / 29. dekhiye, nirdeza 12 peja 409 / 30. ugrAditya, AcAya; kalyANa kAraka, sakhArAma nemacandra granthamAlA, zolApura, 1940, peja 56 / 31. dekhiye, nirdeza 25 peja 607 / 32. dekhiye, nirdeza 11 peja 374 / / 33. dekhiye, nirdeza 30 peja 55 / 34. mahAprajJa, yuvAcArya ( saM0 %; dazakAlika, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU, 1974, peja 195 / 35. sthavira; aupapAtika sUtra, Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, 1982, peja 47,52 / 36. dekhiye nirdeza 11 peja 286 / 37. vahI, peja 368 / 38. dekhiye, nirdeza 14 peja 255 / 39. zAstrI, paM0 jaganmohanalAla ( anu0 ); zrAvakadharma pradIpa, varNIzodha saMsthAna, kAzI, 1980, peja 107 / 40. sAdhvI maMjulA; anusaMdhAna patrikA-9, 1975, peja 53 / / 41. zAntisUri; jIvavicAra prakaraNaM jaina mizana sosAiTo, madrAsa, 1950, peja 57 / 42. daulatarAma, paMDita; jaina kriyAkoSa, jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA 1927 / 40. jaina, ena0 ela0; jaina zAstroM meM bhakSyAbhakSya vicAra, (presa meM ) 41. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa; kisane kahA mana caMcala hai, tulasI adhyAtma nIDaM, lADanUM, 1985, peja 127 / 42. kuMdakuMdAcArya; pravacanasAra, pATanI guMthamAlA, mAroTha, 1956, peja 28 / 43. nemicandra sUri; pravacanasAroddhAra, ela0 DI0 pu0 saMsthA, bambaI, 1922, peja 252 / .

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zAkAhArI AhAroM se UrjA DA0 madhu e0 jaina, ema0 DI0 prAthamika svAsthya kendra, bamanI (maDalA) ___ ahiMsA-pradhAna jainadharma ke anusAra, hamArA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kucha natika AcaraNa aura pravRttiyoM para hI AdhArita hai| hamArA jIvana AhAra ke binA adhika dinoM taka nahIM cala sakatA aura AhAra bhI hamArI aneka pravRttimanovRtti ko prabhAvita karane vAlA ghaTaka hai, phalataH isake sambandha meM janoM ne zAkAhAra kA pravartana evaM saMvardhana kiyA hai| Aja kA vaijJAnika jagata bhI isa vicAra ko prayogika samarthana de rahA hai| yaha prasannatA kI bAta hai ki isa sAkSya se zAkAhAra kI vyApakatA bar3ha rahI hai / isase isa sambandha meM aneka bhrAntiyAM bhI dUra ho rahI haiN| 1. AhAra ke kArya aura guNavatA ___manuSya ko AhAra kI AvazyakatA nimna kAraNoM se hotI hai : (i) zarIra ke AdhArabhUta kArya (ii) zarIra kI bhautika aura viziSTa gatizIla kriyAyeM (iii) zarIra kozikAoM kA vikAsa, saMrakSaNa, punarjanana (iv) zarIra-kriyAtantra kA niyamana (v) roga-pratIkAra kssmtaa| AhAra zarIratantra meM honevAlI aneka rAsAyanika kriyAoM ke mAdhyama se uparokta kriyAoM ko saMpanna karane ke liye samucita UrjA pradAna karatA hai| yaha UrjA kilokailorI ( kikai0 ) meM vyakta kI jAtI hai| yaha pAyA gayA hai ki sAmAnya sthiti meM AdhArabhUta kriyAoM ke liye 0.8 kika0/kigrA-zarIra bhAra/ .. ghaMTe kI UrjA Avazyaka hotI hai| yaha vizrAnti tathA nidrA ke samaya ke liye sahI hai| zArIrika kriyAoM meM 1.2 kikai0/kigrA ghaMTe kI dara se atirikta UrjA Avazyaka hotI hai| viziSTa gatizIla kriyAoM meM bhI lagabhaga 7% atirikta UrjA caahiye| isa prakAra, pacapana kilo bhAra evaM 1.6 vargamITara kSetraphala vAle sAmAnya bhAratIya ke liye dainika UrjA kI ausata AvazyakatA nimna hogI : (a) nidrA, 8 ghaMTe ( AdhArI) : 5540848: 35200 ke. (ba) anya kriyAyeM, 16 ghaMTe : 554(0.8+12) 16 : 1760=00 ke0 2112.00 148-00 (sa) viziSTa gatizIla kriyA 2260300 isa parikalana meM jalavAyu, zarIra-saMghaTana, AkAra, vaya, liMga yA anya kAraNoM se 10% parivartana ho sakatA hai| UrjA kI yaha AvazyakatA 35-55 varSa kI umra meM prati dasa varSa meM 5% kama ho jAtI hai| uttaravartI umra meM yaha 10% prati dasa varSa kama hotI hai|' Adarza AhAra vaha hai jo na kevala uparokta UjI kI pUrti kare, api usameM ve Avazyaka tatva bhI samucita mAtrA meM hone cAhiye jo hamAre jIvana ko svastha, utsAhapUrNa evaM vikAsI banAte haiM / AhAra kA yaha kArya usake zarIra-kriyAtmaka kArya kA pratIka hai| isake atirikta, AhAra ke sAmAjika aura manovaijJAnika kArya bhI hote haiN|

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280 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa 2. vibhinna AhAra taMtroM kA tulanAtmaka mUlyAMkana yaha dekhA gayA hai ki guNAtmaka rUpa se tathA parimANAtmaka rUpa se zarIra-taMtra ke liye uparokta kArya kisI bhI eka AhAra padArtha se saMpanna nahIM ho skte| isaliye hameM aneka khAdya padArthoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai jo hameM samucita poSaka tatva evaM UrjA pradAna kara skeN| isaliye AhAra-zAstriyoM ne saMtulita AhAra ke liye sAta mUla khAdya padArtha jJAta kiye haiM : kArbohAiDreTa ( anna ), vasAya, dugdha-dugdha utpAda, proTIna (dAla), kandamUla, pattedAra zAkeM evaM phala ( khanija evaM vittaamin)| isameM se antima tIna zarIra taMtra kI kriyAvidhi ke niyamana evaM saMrakSaNa kA kAma karate haiN| ye UrjA kI nagaNya pUrti hI karate haiN| lekina kisI mo saMtulita yA Adarza AhAra ke liye ye anivArya ghaTaka haiN| ina khAdyoM kI ApUrti prAkRtika, pariSkRta yA nava-vikasita AhAroM para nirbhara karatI hai / ye zAkAhArI aura a-zAkAhArIdonoM srotoM se prApta ho sakate haiN| yaha vizva ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM vidyamAna bhaugolika evaM kRSi-suvidhA kI paristhitiyoM para nirmita AhAra-ruciyoM para nirbhara karatA hai| pazcima ne apane AhAra-padArthoM ko pUrti ke liye mizra-srota apanAye haiN| para mArata pramukhataH zAkAhArI hai| phira bhI, isake 71% nivAsiyoM ko hama Adarza zAkAhArI nahIM kaha sakate kyoMki ve varSa meM aneka bAra aMDe evaM mAMsAhAra kA upayoga karate haiN| pazcima ko zAkAhAra ke viruddha aneka zikAyateM haiN| jinakA samarthana aneka bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne bhI kiyA hai ( unhoMne samucita zodha evaM vaijJAnika vicAraNA kI hogI, isameM sandeha hai ) isase nayI pIr3hI meM a-zAkAhAra kI pravRtti bar3hI hai| isI kAraNa zAkAhAra ko sahI paribhASA kA bhI prazna upasthita huaa| bhAratIya paramparA meM 'vaigana' samiti kI ativAdI mAnyatA avyAvahArika mAnI jAtI hai, isameM dugdha-aMDa-zAkAhAra tathA dugdha-aMDa-vihIna zAkAhAra ke badale dugdha pUrNa zAkAhAra ko mAnyatA dI jAtI hai| isake anusAra, zAkAhAra meM aise khAdya padArtha Ate haiM jinake prApta karane meM yA taiyAra karane meM kisI bhI stara para kisI ke jIvana ko koI kaSTa na ho yA kisI kA jIvana samApta na ho| isa paribhASA meM dUdha aura usake utpAda samAhita ho jAte haiM, para aMDe Adi nhiiN| bIsavIM sadI ke prArambhika varSoM meM, pazcima ne gaira-zAkAhArI AhAra tantra ko uttama maanaa| lekina aba yaha dagdha-zAkAhArabAda ko vaijJAnika AdhAra para svIkRta kara rahA hai| briTena, amerikA. kanADA tathA anya eziyAI dezoM meM aba zAkAhAra ke surakSita lAmoM ke prati loga Azvasta ho rahe haiN| ve isa ora na kevala Arthika yA dhArmika dRSTi se hI AkRSTa ho rahe haiM, apitu ve ise svAsthya, paryAvaraNa, ahiMsA evaM suruci kA bhI pratIka mAnate haiN| TrepisTa moMksa, seventha De eDavenTisTa krizciyansa, jena mAikrovAyoTiksa, aneka dezoM ke kerisTa aura jI0 bI0 zA ke samAna aneka vyaktiyoM aura samUhoM ne isa bhAratIya paramparA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| aba yaha bhalI mAMti svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai ki zAkAhAra Arthika, UrjAtmaka evaM khAdyaghaTakoM ko dRSTi se sAraNI 1 ko sUcanAnusAra uttama hotA hai| yaha sahI hai ki vaijJAnika AhAra zAstra ke vikAsa ke prArambhika dinoM meM zAkAhAra meM B, evaM do Avazyaka aimino-amloM kI apUrNatA kA bodha huA thA, para inheM AhAroM meM soyA dUdha, mUMgaphalI-cUrNa, dUdha utpAda tathA pattedAra zAkoM ke anivArya samAharaNa dvArA pUrI taraha se dUra kiyA jA cukA hai| aneka anya tathAkathita zAkAhAra kI kamiyAM usake lAbhoM ko hI prakaTa karatI haiM (saarnnii)| vastutaH ina lAbhoM ke kAraNa hI pazcima aba zAkAhAra kI ora adhikAdhika AkRSTa ho rahA hai / yahI sthiti bhArata ke yuvA varga kI bhI sambhAvita hai| 3. zarIra kI UrjakIya evaM poSaka tatvoM kI AvazyakatAyeM ___sAMkhyikIya AdhAra para ausata bhAratIya ke liye, epha0 e0 o0 tathA DallU0 eca0 o0 ke 1964 ke vivaraNa ke viparyAsa meM, dainika rUpa se 2240 ke07 UrjA kI AvazyakatA hai| aneka prakAra kI samarthaka vivecanA dete hue DA0 dAMDekara, ratha, AcArya aura sukhAtme ne bhI isa mata kA samarthana kiyA hai| yaha 55 kigrA0 ausata bhAra vAle bhAratIya

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zAkAhArI AhAroM se UrjA 281 sAraNI 1. dugdha-zAkAhAra tathA a-zAkAhAra taMtroM ko tulanA a-zAkAhAra taMtra zAkAhAra taMtra 1. kala kailorI 2. vasA-mAna 3. proTIna 4. kolasTerola antargama 5. reze 6. viTamIna evaM aimIno amla ucca kailorI kSamatA ucca vasIya ucca proTIna ucca pacanIyatA ucca jaivikamAna neTa proTIna upayoga : 75-95 adhika nahIM B,2, TripTophena, bhIthiyonIna va rAibophlobina paryApta mAtrA meM saMtRpta amloM kI mAtrA adhika paryApta saMbhAvita sImita nimna para upayukta kailorI nimna vasIya nimna proTIna samucita pacanIyatA madhyama jaivikamAna ne pro0 u0:50-65 sAmAnyataH nahIM paryApta mAtrA inakI mAtrA aparyApta, para pUraka/ prabalita khAdyoM dvArA pUrita asaMtRpta amloM kI mAtrA adhika paryApta para kucha atirikta lenA Avazyaka vastutaH asaMbhava asImita 7. vasIya amla 8. viTamIna C 9. viSAktatA 10. vividhatA sAmAnya svAsthya prabhAva (1) bhAra vRddhi, moTApA (2) hRdaya roga-saMvedana (3) rakta cApa (4) kolona kasara (5) osTa yoperosisa (6) nazevAjI ( vyasana ) para prabhAva (7) dIrgha jIvitA (8) jovana dhArA (9) madhumeha 12. utpAdana mUlya 13. ausata kailorI vitaraNa kA pratizata paryApta paryApta saMdedanazIla ucca saMvedanazIla saMvedanazIla nagaNya 20% kama, moTApAhInatA nagaNya niyaMtrita karatA hai| asaMbhava asaMbhava vyasana ko kama karatA hai prabhAvita hotI hai jaTila niyaMtraNa kaThina zAkAhAra kI tulanA meM 3-10 gunA / bar3hatI hai sarala aura svastha rezoM ke kAraNa saMbhava bahuta kama 72 G6 kArbohAiDreTa vasAya proTIna zAke 25% adhika (i) proTIna kailorI maMhagI (ii) zAka-kailorI maMhagI saMtulita AhAra kA mUlya 15. kailorI mUlya 25% kama donoM hI 3-3 maMhagI

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282 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa ke kiye 08 grAma proTIna, 1.25 grAma vasA tathA 65 grAma kArbohAiDreTa prati kigrA0 zarIra-mAra ke AdhAra para parikalita bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| vizeSa prakaraNoM meM atirikta UrjA Avazyaka hotI hai| kailoriyoM ke atirikta, AhAra ko Avazyaka poSaka tatvoM kI bhI samucita mAtrA meM pUrti karanI cAhiye / inakI dainika AvazyakatAyeM sAraNI 2 meM do gaI haiN| yaha spaSTa hai ki zAkAhAra se zarIra ko UrjA aura poSaNa- donoM hI samucita mAtrA meM milate haiN| phira bhI, yaha pAyA gayA hai ki Aya ke ucca hone para loga proTIna aura vasAyeM adhika khAne lagate haiM / grAmINa janatA kA AhAra UrjA kI dRSTi se samucita hotA hai jaba ki zaharI jana khanija aura viTAminoM kI dRSTi se pUrNa AhAra letA hai| saMtulita AhAra poSaNa-vijJAna ke samucita jJAna aura usake arthazAstra kI jAnakArI ke abhAva meM yaha asantulana rahatA 1 4. saMtulita zAkAhArI bhojanoM ke liye sujhAva aneka pUrvI aura pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne vibhinna samUhoM ke liye santulita aura mitavyayI zAkAhArI bhojanoM ke sujhAva ke liye prayoga kiye haiN| inameM se do sAraNI 3 meM diye gaye haiM / yaha spaSTa hai ki mA0 cikitsA anu0 pariSad sAraNI 2. kailorI aura poSaka padArthoM kI nyUnatama dainika AvazyakatA srota AdhArabhUta sAta khAdya dAla, sema; 0.8 grA / kigrA. anna, kaMdamUla, 6.5 grA / kigrA. ghI, tela; 1.25 grA./ kigrA. vAhya aura aMta: strota 4. vasA 5. namaka, soDi. klorAiDa nyUnatama AvazyakatA 2240 55 grAma 358 grAma 69 grAma 5.4-6.2 grAma 0.8 grAma 0.8 grAma 2.0 grAma 0.018 grAma anna, dUdha, phalI H 6. kailsiyama 7. phAsphorasa 8. poTeziyama 9. Ayarana, lohA anna, dUdha, phalI maTara, sema pattedAra zAka sema, IsTa, cAya, phallI 0.002-0.0050 grAma 0.015 grAma 10. kApara, tAMbA 11. jiMka 12. maeNgenIja 13. maMganIsiyama 14. kobAlTa, bI-12 kAlI mirca, kaMda pUrNa anna, phalI 0.004 grAma 0.3-0.4 grAma 0.001-0.003 grAma 15. AyoDIna cAya, kAphI, pUrNa anna AlU, anna, dUdha AyoDInita namaka dUdha, sema, cAya niSkarSa 0.10-0.15 grAma 0.003-0.03 grAma 16. phluorIna 17. salphara, gaMdhaka 18. molivaDInama dAla, phalI anna, kAle raMga kI zArke sUkSma mAtrA yIsTa, pUrNa anna anna, phalI kArya ajJAta "1 kailorI / poSaka 1. kailorI 2. proTIna 3. kArbohAiDreTa 16. kromiyama 20. selIniyama 21. nikela, Tina, silikana tathA vaineDiyama "

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3] AhAra, jAti 1. anna, grAma 2. cInI, gur3a 3. dAla 4. mUMgasalI 5. parttadAla zAka 6. anya zAka 7. kandamUla 8. phala 9. dUdha 10. ghI / tala 11. yoga AhAra, jAti sAraNI 3. praur3hoM ke liye prastAvita dugdha zAkAhArI AhAra bhA0vi0 a0 pa0, 1980 parimANa kaM0 360 1340 30 40 40 dugdha zAkAhArI bhojana se hai| phira mo, pUrva aura pazcima isa 60 50 150 40 120 160 63% 28% -- 20 95 360 870 grAma 2665 kaM0 8% 2% 25 50 mUlya 1.20 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.15 0.10 0.75 1.00 3.89 sAraNI 4. vibhinna prastAvita bhojanoM meM UrjA vitaraNa saiddhAntika, sAraNI 2 mA0 ci0 a0 pa0 zAkAhArI AhAroM se UrjA 283 65% 15% 6% 4% pArka aura gopAlana kaM0 1600 parimANa 400 30 70 50 100 75 75 30 200 35 1065 pArka / gopAlana 60% 17% 16 120 280 250 1. kArbohAiDreTa 2. vasAyeM 3. proTIna 4. zAka / phala Adi dvArA 1980 meM prastAvita AhAra UrjAtmaka dRSTi se ThIka haiM para isameM paramparAgata zAkAhAra kI apUrNatA ke pUraka ke rUpa meM phala aura phaliyA~ samAhita nahIM haiM / sAraNI 4 se yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki isakA UrjA vitaraNa bhI saMtoSa janaka nahIM hai / 7% 50 25 75 15 120 315 2050 kai0 mUlya 1.00 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.15 0.20 0.15 0.15 1.00 0.75 4.60 isameM khanija bhI kama / pArka ne gopAlana kA anusaraNa kara ina donoM hI dizAoM meM sudhAra kiyA hai| isa lekhaka ne bhI sAraNI 5 meM eka AhAra yojanA sujhAI hai| yaha na kevala mitavyayo hI hai, apitu yaha AhAra ke sabhI ghaTakoM kI santoSajanaka rUpa se pUrti karatI hai / yaha AdhArabhUta sAta ghaTakoM ko pUrNa mitavyayitA ke rUpa meM samAhita karatI hai / yadi isameM 10% zrama vyaya mI jor3A jAve, taba bhI yaha mitavyayI rhegii| isa yojanA kA pUrNa vizleSaNa sAraNI 5 meM diyA gayA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki zAkAhArI khAdya pUrNataH poSaka hote haiN| vizeSa AvazyakatA ke anurUpa isake anna aura phaliyoM kI mAtrA meM parivartita kara ise saMbaMdhita kiyA jA sakatA hai / jaina 60% 145% 20% 6% UrjA aura poSaka tatvoM kI paryApta pUrti kA tathya aba nirvivAda pramANita ho cukA AhAra tantra ko aura bhI prabalita karane kA prayatna kara rahe haiN| ve soyAbIna,

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285 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha sAraNI 5 : ausata bhAratIya ke liye dugdha-zAkAhArI AhAra kA vivaraNa* : eka prAyojanA kra. AhAra ghaTaka mAtrA kailorI mUlya kArbo0 proTIna vasA reze khanija Ca, P mg. Fe, thA. rIbo0 niyA0 viTA0 vi0 (grAma) mg. mg. A C a. kArbohAiDreTa 1. pUrNa gehU~ kA ATA 300 1050 060 210 37 5.1 57 81 150 1165 35 87 15 13 87 2. cAvala 50 180 0.20 35 32 02 01 04 5 86 16 0.21 0.16 35 2 3. gur3a/cInI 30 120 020 30 - - - - 100 25 - - - - 4. kandamUla ( AlU) 50 50 0.10 12 0.85 05 05 03 5 20 035 005 0.05 06 12 9 430g 1.10 ba. proTIna 60 240 040 30 223 09 0.75 18 36 150 29 023 0 10 1-5 66 - 6. dUdha 200 120 1.00 10 86 17.5 - 1.6 420 260 0.4 0.08 0.20020 320 1 7. mUMgaphalI 25 125 0.25 7 7 10.0 75 0.6 300 140 25 05 0.17 22 15 . 285g 485 1.65 sa. vasA/tela 8. ghI/tela 25 225 0.50 da. khanija/viTAmina 9. pattedAra zAka 100 50 016 3.0 20 0.7 06 17 100 35 80 035 0.26 0 50 3500 40 10. anya zAka 50 25 0.16 1.8 09 05 03 0.6 1. 18 05 0.04 0.01 0.20 192 16 11. phala 30 20 0.15 4.3 0.2 07 03 0.1 3 35 0.33 - -- - - 1 12. masAle 10 30 0.10 2.1 1.4 1.6 3.2 0.45 63 39 1.8 0.02 0.03 .1 95 . 190g 125 105 yoga 930g 2235 4.30 345.2 83.5 61.171 1.40 15.651192 19385681888.16 248 21 4289 67 da. dainika nyUnatama AvazyakatA 2240 - 358 55 69 - - 1000 1000 30 2 15 163000 40 * isa sAraNI meM khanijoM kI mAtrA milIgrAmoM meM va vibhinna viTaminoM kI mAtrA antarrASTrIya ikAiyoM meM dI gaI hai| [khaNDa

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zAkAhArI AhAroM se UrjA 285 sAraNI 6. zAkAhArI evaM mAMsAhArI khAdya-ghaTakoM ke kailorI-mUlya prati paisA khAdya ghaTaka mAMsAhArI zAkAhArI gopAlana bhA.ci.pa. 125 paisA 134 325 2.4 4.50 400 3.00 2.0 1. kArbohAiDreTa 2. proTIna 3. vasA 4. phala/zAka jaina 127 2., 450 220 rAba amerikA 137 22 2018 makkA, yIsTa, kAI, alphAlphA Adi ke samAna gaira-paramparAgata zAkAhArI srotoM se naye-naye khAdyoM kA vikAsa kara " rahe haiN|' zAsana svayaM bhI isa ora dhyAna de rahA hai aura usakI ejensiyoM ne bhI aneka bahu-uddezyIya saste khAdyoM kA vikAsa kiyA hai| unhoMne mUMgaphalI, makkA, canA aura soyAbIna ke ATe tathA dugdha-cUrNa se ucca proTInI pIIema khAdya taiyAra kiyA hai| makkA, sorghama evaM vinole ke ATe se madhya amerikA meM inakeprinA nAmaka khAdya vikasita kiyA gayA hai| inakI susvAdutA utsAhavardhaka pAI gaI hai| ina khAdyoM kA UrjAmAna evaM proTInamAna paryApta ucca hotA hai| vibhinna dezoM meM skUlI bhojana yA madhyAhna bhojana ke samaya inheM diyA jA rahA hai| yahI nahIM, AhArazAstrI to peTroliyamasrotoM se 1:3 byUTena DAyola tathA 2.3 DAimethila haiprAnoika amla ke samAna 6 kai0/grAma ke samAna sAndrita UrjA vAle kArvohAiDreTa-pratisthApI khAdyoM ke vikAsa kI dizA meM kAma kara rahe haiN| isa prakAra, ve kRSi para AdhArita khAdhoM para nirbharatA ko kama karane ke prayatna meM lage haiN| Aja ke antarikSa-yuga meM aise sAndrita-UrjA ke khAdyoM kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai / 12 dugka-zAkAhArI khAdyoM ke sambandha meM uparokta tathya evaM vikAsa jainoM kI isa dhAraNA ko bala dete haiM ki zAkAhAra na kevaka eka dhArmika vizvAsa hai apitu yaha svastha, sukhI evaM dIrghajIvana ke liye tulanAtmakataH sarala evaM vaijJAnikataH samartha AhAra tantra hai| isake pracAra hetu Ayojita hone vAle aneka rASTrIya evaM antarrASTrIya sammelanoM kI lokapriyatA bhI isa tathya kA pramANa hai| 5. kailorImAna kA arthazAsa aura AhAra-mAnoM meM prabalana kisI bhA AhAra ke UrjAmAnoM ke vikAsa kA artha usase utpanna kailoriyoM ke arthazAstra se sambandhita hai / khAdyoM kI pratyeka koTi se prApta hone vAlI kailorI kA viziSTa mUlya hotA hai| sAraNI 4 se spaSTa hai ki hamAre AhAra kA lagabhaga 2/3 kailorImAna kArbohAiDreTI khAdyoM se prApta hotA hai| ye saste hote haiM, isaliye inheM "nissAra kailorI samUha' kahate haiM / uparokta prastAvita bhojanoM ke mUlya vizleSaNa se spaSTa hai ki kArbohAiDreTI kailoriyAM eka paise meM 12-13 taka prApta hotI haiN| isake viparyAsa meM, proTIna evaM zAkoM se prApta kailorI lagabhaga chaha gunI maMhagI hotI hai2-2.4 20/pasA / vasIya kailorI tigunI maMhagI par3atI hai-4 ke0/paisA / isa kailorI-mUlya se jJAta hotA hai ki yadi hameM AhAra kI kailorI bar3hAnA hai, to anna adhika khAnA cAhiye / isI prakAra, yadi hameM moTApA kama karanA hai, to hameM anna kama aura proTIna adhika khAnA cAhiye / isa dRSTi se mAMsAhArI proTIna kI kailorI bahuta maMhagI hai| yahI bAta isa koTi kI zAka kailorI kI hai / '3 isIliye mAMsAhArI bhojana, zAkAhArI bhojana se maMhagA hotA hai| yaha dekhA gayA hai ki zAkAhArI proTIna, mAMsAhArI proTIna kI tulanA meM 1/2-1/3 sastA hotA hai| isa prakAra bhojana kA mUlya isake proTIna para nirbhara karatA hai| amerikI vaijJAnikoM kA bhI yahI niSkarya hai lekina vahA~ vasIya kailorI kucha sastI

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286 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa par3atI haiN|'4, 15 kailoriyoM ke isa arthazAstra se hameM apane AhAra ke proTona aura UrjAmAnoM ko unnata karane meM sahAyatA mila sakatI hai| Ajakala zAkAhArI khAdyoM kI adhikatama upayogitA ke liye mAra/mUlya ke anupAta meM mitavyayitA kI ora adhikAdhika dhyAna diyA jA rahA hai| isase zAkAhAra ko to protsAhana milegA hI, ahiMsAdharma kA bho ghoSa hogaa| nirdeza 1. vilsana DI0 evA Adi; priMsipalsa Ava nyUTrIzana, jaoNna vAilI, nyUyArka, 1966, p. 200-122 2. phlaika herItA; indroDakzana TU nyUTrIzana, maikamilana, nyUyArka, 1976, peja 19 3. rAva, hvo0 ke0 Ara0 bI0 phuDa, nyUTrIzana aiMDa povarTI ina iMDiyA, vikAsa, dillI, 1982, p. 146 4. (a) dekhiye, nirdeza 2, peja 421-26; (b) Alima, meriyana; sAiMsa Ava nyUTrIzana, maikamilana, nyUyArka, 1977, peja 92-98 5. gopAlana, sI0; nyUTrITiva velyUja Ava iNDiyana phuDsa ( hindo), caNDIgar3ha, 1974 6. dekhiye, nirdeza 4 peja 92-93 7. dekhiye, nirdeza 3, peja 138 8. vahI, peja 204 9. pArka, je0 I0 aura pArka, ke0; TeksTa buka Ava pI0 esa0 ema0, mAnota, jabalapura, 1987 10. dekhiye, nirdeza 5, peja 140 11. dekhiye, nirdeza 4, peja 284-86 12. dekhiye, nirdeza 1, peja 497-502 13. dekhiye, nirdeza 2, peja 447 14. dekhiye, nirdeza 2, peja 443 15. kiMDara, phAyA; mola mainejamenTa, maikamilana, nyUyArka, 1973, peja 39

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jaina siddhAntoM ke sandarbha meM vartamAna AhAra-vihAra AcArya rAjakumAra jaina bhAratIya cikitsA pariSad, naI dillI pragatizIla kahe jAne vAle vartamAna vaijJAnika evaM bhautikavAdI yuga meM Aja manuSya kI samasta pravRttiyAM antarmukhI na hokara bahirmukhI adhika haiN| isI prakAra manuSya kI samasta pravRttiyoM kA AkarSaNa kendra vartamAna meM jitanA adhika bhautikavAda hai, utanA adhyAtmavAda nahIM hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja kA manuSya bhautika nazvara sukhoM meM hI yathArtha sukha kI anubhUti karatA hai, jisameM antima pariNAma vinAza ke atirikta kucha nahIM hai| vartamAna meM kiyA jA rahA satata cintana, anubhUti kI gaharAI, anuzIlana kI paramparA aura tIvragAmI vicAra pravAha-saba milakara bhautikavAda ke vizAla samudra meM isa prakAra vilIna ho gae haiM ki jisase antarjagata kI samasta pravRttiyA~ avaruddha ho gaI haiN| isakA eka yaha pariNAma avazya huA hai ki vartamAna manuSya samAja kI aneka vaijJAnika upalabdhiyAM huI haiM, jisase sampUrNa vizva meM eka abhUtapUrNa bhautikavAdI vaijJAnika krAnti kA prasAra lakSita ho rahA hai| isa vaijJAnika krAnti ne jahAM dharma aura samAja ko prabhAvita kiyA hai, vahAM manuSya jIvana kA koI bhI aMza usake prabhAva se achUtA nahIM rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki manuSya ke AcAra vicAra evaM AhAra-vihAra meM Aja apekSAkRta parivartana dikhalAI par3a rahA hai| Aja manuSya purAnI paramparAoM kA pAlana karate hue svayaM rUr3hivAdI kahalAnA pasanda nahIM karatA hai, kyoMki hamArI prAcIna paramparAeM Aja rUr3hivAdI kA paryAya bana cukI haiN| isa paristhiti ne hamAre AhAra-vihAra tathA AcAra-vicAra ko bhI achUtA nahIM ramvA / isI sandarbha meM hameM apane vartamAna khAna-pAna evaM AcaraNa ko dekhanA parakhanA hai| jainadharma meM manuSya ke AcaraNa kI zuddhatA ko vizeSa mahatva diyA gayA hai| jaba taka manuSya apane AcaraNa ko zuddha nahIM banAtA, taba taka usakA zArIrika vikAsa mahatvahIna evaM anupayogI hai| manuSya ke AcaraNa kA paryApta prabhAva usake svAsthya para par3atA hai| viparIta AcaraNa yA azuddha AcaraNa mAnava svAsthya ko usI prakAra prabhAvita karatA hai jisa prakAra usakA AhAra vihAra / AcaraNa se abhiprAya yahA~ donoM prakAra ke AcaraNa se hai -zArIrika aura mAnasika / zArIrika AcaraNa zarIra ko aura mAnasika AcaraNa mana ko to prabhAvita karatA hI hai, sAtha meM zArIrika AcaraNa mana ko aura mAnasika AcaraNa zarIra ko bhI prabhAvita karatA hai| ina donoM AcaraNoM se manuSya kI Atmazakti bhI nizcita rUpa se prabhAvita hotI hai| AcaraNa kI zuddhatA Atmazakti ko bar3hAne vAlI aura AcaraNa kI azuddhatA Atmazakti kA hrAsa karane vAlI hotI hai| isakA spaSTa prabhAva munijana, yogI, uttama sAdhu aura saMnyAsiyoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| isake atirikta aise gRhastha zrAvakoM meM mI Atmazakti kI vRddhi kA prabhAva dRSTigata huA hai jinhoMne apane jIvana meM AcaraNa kI zuddhatA ko vizeSa mahatva diyaa| aise santa puruSoM meM mahAna AdhyAtmika santa pUjya gaNeza prasAda jI varNI Adi tathA gRhastha jIvana yApana karane vAloM meM mahAtmA gA~dhI, vinobA bhAve, gurU gopAladAsa jI varaiyA, paM0 caina sukhadAsa jI nyAyatIrtha Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| jainadharma kA mahatva AdhyAtmika evaM dArzanika dRSTi se hai| cikitsA kI dRSTi se usakA koI mahatva nahIM hai aura na hI jainadharma meM cikitsA ke koI nirdezaka siddhAnta nirUpita haiN| kintu cikitsA kA sambandha mAnava svAsthya se -

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288 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa hai aura svAsthya ko dRSTi se aneka mahatvapUrNa siddhAnta jainadharma dvArA pratipAdita kie gae haiN| svAsthyopayogI jainadharma ke ve siddhAnta yadyapi bhale hI svAsthya kI dRSTi se varNita na kie gae hoM, kintu mAnava mAtra ke lie mAnava zarIra kI doSoM se rakSA ke nimitta AdhyAtmika zuddhi hetu pratipAdita ve niyama nizcaya hI mahatvapUrNa haiM / AdhyAtmika zuddhi evaM Atma kalyANa kI bhAvanA se abhibhUta manuSya ke lie bhale hI usake zArIrika svAsthya kA koI mahatva na ho, kintu eka gRhastha evaM zrAvaka ko to zarIra kI rakSA kA upAya karanA par3atA hai| jisa prakAra anyAnya doSoM se AtmA kI rakSA karanA usakA parama kartavya hai, usI prakAra rogoM se zarIra ko rakSA karanA bhI parama kartavya hai| zarIra kI rakSA ke binA athavA svastha zarIra ke binA dharma sAdhanA sambhava nahIM hai| dharma kA abhiprAya mAnava jIvana kI niSkriyatA bhI nahIM hai ki dharma ke nAma para manuSya svayaM ko samasta laukika karmoM se virata kara le, apitu AvaraNa ko zuddhatA evaM saMyama pUrNa jIvana hI vAstavika dharma hai| jIvana kI upayogitA zarIra ke binA nahIM hai| ataH vyavahArika jIvana meM zarIra kI rakSA karanA tathA zArIrika va mAnasika svAsthya rakSaNa hetu sadaiva sajaga rahanA mAnava mAtra kA parama kartavya hai| cAroM hI puruSArtha kI siddhi zarIra ke hI mAdhyama se hotI hai aura zarIra kA svAsthya hI inakA mUla AdhAra hai| AcAryoM ke zabdoM meM-"dharmArthakAmamokSANAmArogyaM mUlamuttamam / " yaha mahatvapUrNa tathya hai jo AcAryoM kI gahana dRSTi kA pariNAma hai, laukika evaM AdhyAtmika donoM dRSTi se upayogI evaM sArthaka hai| ataH apane zArIrika svAsthya kI rakSA hetu satata prayatnazIla rahanA hamArA naitika dAyitva ho jAtA hai| zarIra ke prati moha nahIM rakhanA AdhyAtmika dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai, kintu isakA yaha bhI abhiprAya nahIM hai ki zarIra kI pUrNa upekSA kI jaay| jAnabUjha kara zarora kI upekSA karanA eka prakAra kA AtmaghAta hai aura AtmA ghAta ko zAstroM meM sabase bar3A doSa mAnA gayA hai| ataH dharma sAdhanA hetu AhAra Adi ke dvArA zarIra kA sAdhana karanA tathA ahita viSayoM se usakI rakSA karanA aura vikAra evaM rogoM se use bacAnA Avazyaka hai| ekAntataH zarIra kI upekSA karane kA ullekha kisI zAstra meM nahIM hai| jainadharma meM bhI Atma sAdhanA ke samakSa zarIra ko yadyapi nagaNya mAnA gayA hai, kintu pUrNataH usako upekSA kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA gyaa| ataH yAvat kAla zarIra kI Ayu hai, tAvat kAla use svastha rakhane kA prayatna karanA caahie| yahA~ para yaha dhyAna rakhane yogya hai ki zarIra ko svastha rakhanA aura use rogoM se bacAnA eka bhinna bAta hai aura zarIra se moha rakhate hue usake mAdhyama se bhautika sukhoM kA upayoga karanA eka bhinna bAta hai| jainadharma zarIra ko bhautika sukhoM se virata rakhane kA nirdeza to detA hai, kintu svAsthya rakSA sambandhI sAtvika upAyoM ke sevana kA niSedha nahIM krtaa| mAnava zarIra ke svAsthya rakSA kI dRSTi se tathA ahita viSayoM meM zarIra kI pravRtti ko rokane ke lie jainadharma ne manuSya ke dainika AcaraNa tathA usake vyaktigata evaM sAmAjika vyavahAra meM kucha aise mahatvapUrNa siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai jo zArIrika va mAnasika dRSTi se to upayogI haiM hI, Atmazuddhi, AdhyAtmika vikAsa evaM sAtvika jIvana nirvAha ke lie bhI atyanta mahatvapUrNa haiM / jainadharma meM pratipAdita siddhAnta jahA~ manuSya ke AdhyAtmika mArga ko prazasta karate haiM, vahAM laukika kiMvA vyAvahArika jIvana ke utthAna meM bhI sahAyaka hote haiM / sAtvika jIvana nirvAha heta manuSya ko prerita karanA unakA mukhya lakSya hai| ataH svAsthya rakSA evaM Arogya kI dRSTi se jaina dharma Adhunika cikitsA vijJAna ke atyanta nikaTa hai| jIvana kI kasauTI para kase hae siddhAnta vijJAna kI tulA meM jaba samAnatA prApta kara lete haiM, to jIvanopayogI una siddhAntoM ko vaijJAnika AdhAra prApta ho jAtA hai| ataH mAnava jIvana kI sArthakatA kA nirvAha karane vAle, mana-vacana-kArya meM zuddhatA utpanna karane vAle, sAtvika evaM mAnavocita vizuddha bhAvoM kA udbhava karane vAle niyama aura siddhAnta jaba prakRti ke sAMce meM Dhala jAte haiM, to svataH hI vaijJAnikatA kI paridhi meM A jAte haiM / unako pUrNatA hI vaijJAnikatA hai|

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jaina siddhAntoM ke sandarbha meM vartamAna AhAra-vihAra 289 prakRti aura vikAra ke sandarbha meM kahA jAtA hai ki prANi saMsAra meM mRtyu ho prakRti hai aura jIvana vikAra hai| isa kathana ko sArthakatA vastutaH AdhyAtmika dRSTi se adhika hai| laukika dRSTi se vikAra ( jovana ) ko prakRti Arogya hai aura Arogya kA AdhAra zarIra hai| zarIra kA vinAza avazyaMbhAvI hai| ataH usakA antima pariNAma mRtyu hai| niSkarSa rUpeNa dRSTi kI bhinnatA hote hue bhI lakSya kevala eka hI rahatA hai| isI prakAra svAsthya sAdhana, zarIra rakSA evaM Arogya lAma ke samanvita lakSya hetu jaina dharma evaM Adhunika cikitsA vijJAna kI pArasparika dUrI hote hue mo AMzika rUpeNa hI sahI, bahuta kucha nikaTatA evaM pArasparika ekatA avazya hai| vyavahArika jIvana meM prayukta kiye jAne vAle sAmAnya niyama kitane upayogI aura svAsthya ke lie hitakAro hote haiM, yaha unake Acarita karane ke bAda bhalI bhAMti spaSTa ho jAtA hai| eka jaina gRhastha ke yahA~ sAdhAraNataH isakA to dhyAna rakhA hI jAtA hai ki vaha jala kA upayoga chAnakara kare, sUryAsta ke pazcAt bhojana na kare, yathAsambhava gar3anta vastuoM ( AlU, aravI, Adi ) kA upayoga na kare, madyapAna, dhUmrapAna Adi vyasanoM kA sevana na kare, jo dastueM dUSita yA malina hoM aura jinameM jantu Adi utpanna ho gae hoM, unakA sevana na kare ityAdi / svayaM ko atyadhika pragatizIla kahane vAle vyakti bhale hI jaina dharma ke uparyukta niyamoM ko rUDhivAdo, dharmAndhatApUrNa, thothe evaM nirupayogI kaheM, kintu svAsthya ke lie unakI upayogitA ko vaijJAnika AdhAra para asvIkRta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / jo niyama jIvana ko sAtvikatA kI ora le jAkara jovana UMcA uThAne vAle hoM, zarIra kI rakSA aura svAsthya kA sampAdana karane vAle hoM, ve niyama kevala isI AdhAra para avahelanA kie jAne yogya nahIM hai ki dhArmika yA sAtvika dRSTi se hI unakA mahatva hai| __ Adhunika vijJAna ke pratyakSa parokSaNoM dvArA yaha bAta spaSTa ho cukI hai ki jala meM aneka sUkSma jIva evaM aneka azuddhiyA~ hotI haiM / ataH jala ko zuddha karane ke pazcAt hI usakA upayoga karanA cAhiye / jala ko kucha bhautika azuddhiyAM to vastra se chAnane ke bAda dUra ho jAtI haiM, kucha jIva bhI isa prakriyA dvArA jala se pRthaka kiye jA sakate haiM / ataH kAphI aMzoM meM jala kI azuddhi chAnane mAtra se dUra ho jAtI hai aura kucha samaya ke lie jala zuddha ho jAtA hai| kintu jala kI zuddhi vastutaH jala ko ubAlane se hotI hai| chane hae jala ko agni para ubAlane se jalagata sabhI prakAra kI azaddhiyA~ dUra ho jAtI haiM aura jala pUrNa zuddha hokara nirmala bana jAtA hai| jaina dharma mAnava zarIra ko jala sambandhI samasta doSoM se bacAne aura zarIra ko niroga rakhane kI dRSTi se zuddha, tAje, chane hue aura yathAsambhava ubAla kara ThaNDA kie hae jala ke sevana kA nirdeza detA hai| kyA isa nirdeza aura niyama ko vyavahArikatA athavA upayogitA ko asvIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ? gRhastha ke vyAvahArika jIvana ko unnata banAne hetu tathA zarIra ko svastha rakhane ke lie zuddha tAje aura nirdoSa bhojana kI upayogitA svAsthya vijJAna dvArA nirvivAda rUpa se svIkAra kI gaI hai| mAnava jIvana evaM mAnava zarIra ko svastha, sundara va niroga rakhane ke lie tathA Ayu paryanta zarIra ko rakSA ke lie nirdaSTa, parimita, santulita evaM sAtvika AhAra hI sevanIya hotA hai| AhAra meM koI bhI vastu aisI na ho jo svAsthya ke lie ahitakara athavA rogotpAdaka ho| ataH sadaiva zuddha aura tAjA bhojana hI hitakara hotA hai| AhAra sambandhI vidhi vidhAna ke anusAra ucita samaya para bhojana karane kA bar3A mahatva hai| jo loga samaya para bhojana nahIM karate, ve aksara AhAra evaM udara sambandhI vyAdhiyoM se pIr3ita rahate haiN| AhAra ( bhojana ) ke samaya ke viSaya meM jaina dharma kA dRSTikoNa atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| yadyapi yaha to nirdezita nahIM kiyA gayA hai ki manuSya ko bhojana kisa samaya kitane baje taka kara lenA cAhie, kintu usakI mAnyatA evaM dRSTikoNa ke anusAra manuSya ko sUryAsta ke pazcAt arthAt rAtri meM bhojana nahIM karanA cAhie / isakA dhArmika mahatva to yaha hai hI ki rAtrikAla meM bhojana karane se aneka jIvoM kI hiMsA hoto hai, kintu isakA

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29. paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa vaijJAnika mahatva evaM AdhAra yaha hai ki hamAre AsapAsa ke vAtAvaraNa meM aneka aise sUkSma jIvANu vidyamAna rahate haiM jo dina meM sUrya kI kiraNoM se naSTa ho jAte haiN| rAtri meM sUrya kiraNoM ke abhAva meM ve sUkSma jIvANu vidyamAna rahate haiM aura ve hamAre bhojana ko dUSita, malina va viSamaya kara dete haiM / ve bhojana ke mAdhyama se hamAre zarIra meM praviSTa hokara zarIra meM vikRti utpanna kara dete haiN| dUsarI eka mahatvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki svAsthya vijJAna evaM AhAra pAcana sambandhI niyamAnusAra hama jo AhAra grahaNa karate haiM, vaha mukha se, gale ke mArga dvArA sarvaprathama AmAzaya meM pahu~catA hai, jahA~ usakI vAstavika paripAka kriyA prArambha hotI hai| paripAka hetu vaha AhAra AmAzaya meM lagabhaga cAra ghaNTe taka avasthita rahatA hai| usake bAda hI vaha AmAzaya se nIce kSudrAnta meM pahu~catA hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha huA ki jaba taka bhojana AmAzaya meM rahatA hai taba taka manuSya ko jAgrata evaM kriyAzIla rahanA cAhie / manuSya kI jAgrata evaM kriyAzIla avasthA meM hI AmAzaya kI kriyA pUrNataH saMcAlita rahatI hai| manuSya kI suSupta avasthA meM AmAzaya kI kriyA manda ho jAtI hai jisase mukta AhAra ke pAcana meM bAdhA evaM vilamba hotA hai / ataH yaha Avazyaka hai ki manuSya ko apane rAtri kAlIna zayana se lagabhaga 4-5 ghaNTe pUrva hI bhojana kara lenA cAhie, tAki usake zayana karane ke samaya taka usake bhukta AhAra kA vidhivat samyaka pAka ho jaave| isa siddhAnta ke anusAra manuSya ko sAyaMkAla 6 baje yA usake kucha pUrva hI bhojana kara lenA caahie| kyoMki manuSya ke zayana kA samaya sAmAnyataH rAtri ko 10 baje yA usake AsapAsa hotA hai| ataH jaina dharma kA yaha dRSTikoNa mahatvapUrNa evaM vaijJAnika AdhAra lie hue hai| . isI prakAra jaba vaha sAyaMkAla 6 baje yA usake AsapAsa bhojana karatA hai to Adhunika cikitsA vijJAna ke anusAra do bhojana kAloM kA antara sAmAnyataH nyUnAtinyUna ATha ghaNTe kA honA caahie| isakA abhiprAya yaha huA ki jo vyakti sAyaMkAla 6 baje bhojana karanA cAhatA hai, use Avazyaka rUpa se prAtaHkAla 10 baje yA usake AsapAsa bhojana kara lenA cAhie / jo vyakti prAtaH 10 baje bhojana karatA hai, vaha svAbhAvika rUpa se sAyaMkAla 6 baje taka bubhukSita ho jAyagA / ataH svAsthya ke niyamoM meM DhalA huA aura Adhunika cikitsA vijJAna kI kasauTI para kharA utarane vAlA jaina dharma ke dvArA pratipAdita AhAra sambandhI niyama na kevala AdhyAtmika dRSTi se manuSya kA vikAsa karane vAlA hai, apitu usake svAsthya kI rakSA karatA huA mAnava zarIra ko niroga banAne vAlA aura use dIrghAyuSya pradAna karane vAlA hai| AhAra sevana ke krama meM zuddha evaM sAtvika AhAra ke sevana ko vizeSa mahatva diyA gayA hai| isa prakAra kA AhAra zArIrika svAsthya rakSA meM to sahAyaka hai hI, isase mAnasika pariNAmoM kI vizuddhatA bhI hotI hai| dUSita, malina evaM tAmasika AhAra svAsthya ke lie ahitakArI aura mAnasika vikAra utpanna karane vAlA hotA hai| kaI bAra to yahA~ taka dekhA gayA hai ki AhAra ke kAraNa manuSya zArIrika rUpa se svastha hotA huA bhI mAnasika rUpa se asvastha hotA hai aura jaba taka usake AhAra meM samucita parivartana nahIM kiyA jAtA taka taka usake mAnasika vikAra kA upazama bhI nahIM hotaa| isake atirikta yaha vicAraNIya hai ki jainadharma meM sabhI kandamUla abhakSya batalAe gae haiM aura kisI bhI rUpa meM unheM sevana yogya nahIM mAnA gayA hai| isake pIche dhArmika mAnyatA yaha hai ki sabhI kanda mUla meM anantakAya jIva vidyamAna rahate haiN| unako kaccA khAne meM una jIvoM kA ghAta hotA hai| isase unheM khAne vAlA vyakti hiMsA kA bhAgI hotA hai| dhArmika dRSTi se yaha bAta upAdeya ho sakatI hai, kyoMki vahA~ jIvoM ke prati dayA bhAva rakhanA aura unakA ghAta nahIM hone denA mukhya lakSya hai| kintu kyA yaha dRSTikoNa vaijJAnika mAnA jA sakatA hai ? vizeSa rUpa se usa samaya jabaki auSadha rUpa meM unameM se kisI dravya kA sevana aparihArya ho| yahAM yaha jJAtavya hai ki jaina dharma meM

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2] jaina siddhAntoM ke sandarbha meM vartamAna AhAra-vihAra 291 dhArmika dRSTi se jo dravya asethya evaM amakSya batalAe gae haiM, Ayurveda meM unhoM dravyoM kA sevana svAsthya ko dRSTi se upayogI batalAyA gayA hai| ve dravya svAsthya rakSA kI dRSTi se to upayogI hote hI haiM, unake sevana se zarIra meM roga-pratirodha kSamatA utpanna hotI hai jisase aneka vyAdhiyA~ utpanna hI nahIM ho paatii| kauna se kacce vAnaspatika zAka dravya bhakSaNa yogya nahIM hai, unakA ullekha nimna zloka meM milatA hai : alpaphalambahuvidhAtAnmUlakamANi zRMgaberANi / navanItanimbukusumaM katakAmatyevamavaheyam // arthAt alpaphala aura bahuvidhAta ke kAraNa ( aprAsuka ) mUlaka-mUlI-gAjara Adi, Ardra zRMgabera ( adaraka ) Adi, navanIta-makkhana, nIma ke phUla, ketakI ke phUla Adi dravya tathA isI prakAra ke anya dravya tyAjya haiN| yahA~ "mUlaka" pada mUla mAtra kA dyotaka hai jisameM gAjara, mUla, zalajama, AlU, pyAja, zakarakanda, jamIkanda Adi khAe jAne vAle kandoM tathA anya vanaspatiyoM kI jar3oM kA samAveza hotA hai| zRMgaberAdipada meM adaraka ke atirikta haridrA (haldI ) Adi aise kanda sammilita haiM jo apane aMga para kicita ubhAra lie hue hote haiM aura upalakSaNa se unameM aise dravyoM kA bhI grahaNa ho jAtA hai jo zRMga ko bhA~ti umAra yukta to na ho, kintu ananta kAyaananta jIvoM ke Azraya bhUta hoN| bIca meM "ANi " pada apanA vizeSa mahatva rakhatA hai jo apane artha se mUlaka aura zRMgabera donoM padoM ko anuprANita karatA hai, jisakA sAmAnya abhiprAya yaha hai ki aise mUla kanda Adi dravya jo sAmAnyataH gole, hare aura azuSka hoN| kintu viziSTArtha ko dRSTi se sajIva yA jIva sahita dravya grAhya haiM jo sacitta evaM aprAsuka kahalAte haiN| aise dravya jaba taka apakva ( anagnipakva ) hote haiM, taba taka ve sacitta evaM aprAsuka hote haiM, ataH ve khAne yogya nahIM hote haiN| jina dravyoM ko agni para acchI taraha se pakA liyA jAtA hai, ve jIva rahita hone se acitta ho jAte haiM, ataH prAmuka ho jAte haiN| isIlie prAmuka ke makSaNa meM koI doSa yA pApa .. mahIM lagatA hai| jainadharma meM kanda mUla Adi sacitta vAnaspatika zAka dravyoM ke sevana kA sarvathA niSedha ho, aisI bhI bAta nahIM hai| zrI samantabhadra svAmI ne 'ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra' meM kacce dravyoM ke sevana meM pApa doSa batalAyA hai kyoMki ve sacitta ( jIva sahita ) hote haiM, kintu yadi unheM ubAla kara jIva rahita yAne acita banA liyA jAtA hai, to unake sevana meM koI doSa nahIM hai / ratnakaranDa zrAvakAcAra kA nimna zloka yahI bhAva vyakta karatA hai : mUla-phala-zAka-zAkhA-karIra-kanda-prasUna-bIjAni / nAmAni so'tti to'yaM sacita virato dayAmUrtiH // yahAM "AmAni" pada apakva evaM aprAsuka artha kA dyotaka hai / "na atti" pada bhakSaNa ke niSedha kA vAcaka hai| yadi una dravyoM ko agni meM pakA kara prAsuka kara liyA jAtA hai, to unake sevana meM koI doSa nahIM hai, kyoMki graMthAkAra ne "prAsukasya bhakSaNe no pApaH" kaha kara gRhasthoM kI eka bar3I samasthA kA samAdhAna kara diyA hai| vartamAna samaya meM adaraka, AlU, pyAja, gobhI, arabI, gAjara, mUlI Adi aneka aise vAnaspatika dravya haiM jo hamAre dainika bhojana meM zAka ke anivArya aMga haiN| unake binA vartamAna meM zAka kI kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sktii| inameM pyAja aura AlU kA prayoga itanA adhika sAmAnya hai ki inake upayoga ke binA svAdiSTa sAga ko kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sktii| ye sabhI RtuoM meM sabhI samaya sarva sulama haiM / Ayurveda kI dRSTi se inake auSadhIya guNa dharma ko dekheM:

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292 paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa rasona ( lahasuna ) rasona uSNaH kaTupicchilazca snigdho gurUH svAduraso'tibalyaH / vRSyazca medhAsvaracakSu bhagnAsthisandhAnakaraH sutIkSNaH // hRdrogajIrNajvarakukSi zUlavibandhagulmArUci kRcchanophAn / durnAmakuSThAnalasAdajantu kaphAmayAn hanti mahArasonaH / / rasona uSNa vIrya vAlA, kaTu rasa vAlA, picchila, snigdha aura guru guNavAlA, madhura rasa vAlA, ati bala kAraka, puSTikAraka, meghA-svara aura cakSu, ke lie hitakArI, bhagnAsthi kA saMdhAna karane vAlA aura atyanta tIkSNa hotA hai| yaha rasona hRdaya roga, jIrNajvara, kukSizUla, vibandha ( kabja ), gulma, arUci, mUtrakRcchra, zopha, arza, kuSTha, mandAgni, kRmiroga aura kapha janita vikAroM kA nAza karatA hai| vyavahAra meM dekhA gayA hai ki yaha vAta janita vikAroM ( jaise AmavAta, jor3oM kA darda, peTa meM apharA honA, gaisa kI zikAyata Adi ) meM vizeSa lAbhakArI hotA hai / palANDu (pyAja) palANDusladguNainyUno vipAke madhurastu sH| karpha karoti no pittaM kevalo nilanAzanaH // - palANTu rasona ke guNoM se alpa guNa vAlA hotA hai| yaha vipAka meM madhura rasa vAlA, kapha kI vRddhi karane vAlA, pitta ke prati udAsIna, kevala vAyu nAzaka hotA hai| gAjara garjaraM madhuraM rucyaM kiMcitkaTu kaphApaham / AdhmAnakRmizUlaghnaM dAhapitta jvarApaham // gAjara madhura evaM kiMcit kaTu ( caraparA ) rasa vAlI hotI hai| yaha ruci kAraka, kapha kA zamana karane vAlA, AdhyamAn ( apharA ), kRmi, ( peTa meM kor3e ) aura zUla kA nAza karane vAlA, dAha, pitta, aura jvara ko dUra karane vAlA hotA hai| mUlI mUlakaM gurU viSTammi tIkSNamAmatridoSunut / tadeva svinnaM snigdhaM ca kaTUSNaM kaphavAtanut // tridoSa zamanaM zuSkaM viSadoSaharaM laghu // mUlI guNa meM guru, viSTammI ( malAvarodhaka ) aura tIkSNa hotI hai / yaha Ama doSa tathA tridoSa ( vAta, pitta evaM kapha ) nAzaka hai / vahI mUlI ubAla kara sevana karane para snigdha, kaTu, rasa aura uSNa guNa vAlI, kapha evaM vAyu nAzaka hotI hai / zuSka mUlI tridoSa kA zamana karane vAlI, viSa doSa nAzaka aura laghu hotI hai| adaraka kaphAnilaharaM svarya vibandhAnAhazUla jita / kaTUSNaM rocanaM vRSyaM hRdyaM caivA''kaM smRtam // ,

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jaina siddhAntoM ke sandarbha meM vartamAna AhAra-vihAra 293 adaraka kapha evaM vAta kA zamana karane vAlA, svara ke lie hitakArI, vibandha ( kabja ), ahaoNha (ApharA ) aura zUla kA nAza karane vAlA, kaTu rasa vAlA, uSNa guNa vAlA, rucikAraka, vRSya ( puSTi kAraka ) evaM hRdaya ke lie hitakArI hotA hai| soMTha snigdhoSNA kaTukA zuNThI vRSyA zopha kaphArucIn / hantivAtoda zvAsa pANDu zlIpadanAzinI // ___ soMTha snigdha guNavAlI, uSNa vIrya vAlI, kaTu rasa bAlI vRSyA ( puSTi kAraka ), zopha, kapha aura aruci, vAtodara, zvAsa, pANDa aura zlIpada roga kA nAza karane vAlI hotI hai / hIMga hiMgUSNaM kaTukaM hRdyaM saraM vAtakaphI kRmIn / hanti gulmodarAdhmAnabandhazUlahudAmayAn / / hIMga uSNa vIyaM vAlI, kaTu rasa vAlI, hRdaya ke liye bala kAraka, mala niHsAraka, vAta-kapha aura kRmi nAzaka hotI hai / yaha gulma udara roga, AdhmAna, bandha ( kabja ), zUla aura hRdaya ke rogoM kA nAza karatI hai| ___ isa prakAra uparyukta dravya auSadhIya guNoM se sampanna hote haiM jo zarIra meM Avazyaka tatvoM kI pUrti to karate hI haiM, aneka prakAra ke rogoM kA nAza karane meM bhI sahAyaka haiM / ye dhArmika dRSTi se tyAjya hote hue bhI svAsthya kI dRSTi se grAhya evaM upAdeya haiM / vaise bhI zrI samantabhadra svAmI ne ina dravyoM ke sevana-grahaNa kA pUrNataH niSedha nahIM kiyA hai| kevala apakva kacce rUpa meM inakA sevana nahIM karanA cAhiye ( AmAni na atti ) / yadi unheM agni pakva kara liyA jAya, to jIva .. rahita evaM nirdoSa ho jAte haiM / prAsuka dravyoM kA sevana vayaM nahIM hai, ataH gRhastha zrAvaka jIvoM ke ghAta ( saMkalpI hiMsA) se bacate hue apane AhAra vihAra ko zuddha evaM sAtvika rakheM, yaha dharmazAstra sammata hai / 37

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Similarities Between Jaina Astronomy & Vedanga Jyotisa Dr. SAJJAN SINGH LISHK Govt. In-Service Teachers Training Centre, Patiala-147001 Vedanga jyotisa has often been compared with Siddhantic astronomy and B. G. Tilak (Vedic Chronology And Vedanga Jyotisa, p. 42, 1925) has expounded some similarities between them. Most likely the common features between Vedanga Jyotisa and Siddhantic astronomy must also be exhibited in the intervening period of Jaina astronomy. Some of the prominent resemblances between Jaina astronomy and Vedanga Jyotisa are elucidated as given below: 1. The Vedanga Jyotisa Quinquennial cycle continued to be in vogue down to the time of fag end of Jaina astronomy. Jainas had however strived for reforming the five-year cycle but they could not dispense with its use, albeit they had propounded the theory of some other cycles like twelve-year cycle of Jupiter and twentyeight year cycle of Saturn. Sixty-year cycle (Jovian years) seems to be a hybrid form of the five-year cycle and twelve-year cycle of Jupiter. Besides it is worthy of note that Jaina five-year cycle is distinguishable from Vedanga Jyotisa five-year cycle in several factors like different ayana system, first point of the commencement of the year, seasons and the reckoning of the zodiacal circumference, use of fifteen-day cycle of days instead of twentyseven-day cycle of days. It is to be emphasized that Jaina five-year cycle should not be mistaken for Vedanga Jyotisa five-year cycle at any cost. 2. There were four time measures in Vedanga Jyotisa, viz. savana (civil), Siura (solar), lunar and naksatric (sidereal). Jaina had used in addition laksana (symptomatic) and pramana (authentic) measures also, e. g. laksana samvatsara (symptomatic year) and pramana samvatsara (authentic) etc. in Siddhantic astronomy only Vedanga Jyotisa measures are found. 3. Both in Vedanga Jyotisa and Jaina astronomy, calculations were made for the whole yuga or five-year cycle and this period comprises of integral numbers of lunar cycles, solar cycles, decayed lunar days etc. Jainas had howaver tended to devise a 780-year (156 times the five-year cycle) cycle which also contains an integral number of abhivardhana samvatsara (lustfully increased year with an intercalary lunar month). Similar traditions were followed during Siddhantic period and bigger cycles like mahayuga (big cycle) etc. were found out

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Similarities Between Jaina Astronomy and Vedanga Jyotisa 78% 4. According to both Vedanga Jyotisa and Jaina astronomy, maximum and minimum lengths of daylight are eighteen and twelve muhurtas (one muhurta = 48 minutes) respectively. The length of daylight increases or decreases by 2/61 muhurta a day. 5. Atharva Veda Jyotisa records some shadow-lengths of a gnomonic experiment that was devised for standardisation of muhurta (= 48 minutes) as the fundamental unit of time. We find gnomonic data in Jaina canonical texts also. Jainas had used gnomonic shadow-lengths for the determination of the time of the day and of the seasons as well. It is worthy of note that Atharva Veda Jyotisa records shadow-lengths as a function of time whereas Jainas had measured time as a function of shadow-length. 6. Vedanga Jyotisa employs a linear zigzag function to determine the length of any day in the year. In addition to it, Jaina astronomy employs linear zigzag functions at several other places also, e. g., to determine the declination of the sun and that of the moon, to determine the rate of change of moon-shadow-length at the end of a month in connection with determination of seasons etc. 7. The Vedic trandition of observation of celestial phenomena was also preserved by exponents of Jaina School of astronomy. According to Aittareya Brahmana, solstices were determined upto a span of three days but Jainas had determined summer solstice upto thirty muhurtas a day only. Jainas had also made several observations regarding some other celestial phenomena like lunar occultations, chatratichatra yoga (lunar occultation with chitra, je alpha Virginis), heliacal motion of venus, and the phenomena of eclipse formation. Besides Jains had classified Jyotisikas (astral bodies) and developed the concept of taraka grahas (star planets) etc. 8. Arithmatical treatment was employed in both Vedanga Jyotisa and Jaina astronomy. A similar practice was also continued down to the period of development of Siddhantic astronomy. 9. Both Vedanga Jyotisa and Jaina astronomy are interwoven with the systems of twentyseven and twentyeight naksatras (lunar mansions of the Hindus) respectively. Any diect use of rasis (signs) has not so far been unearthed therein. These are the few aspects which exhibit similarities between Vedanga Jyotisa and Jaina astronomy. However need it be emphasized that Vedanga Jyotisa traditions have not only been continued by the exponents of Jaina School of astronomy, but they have also been advanced ahead and some of them reached more perfection or the higher stage of learning in Siddhantic astronomy. Jaina texts, as O. P. Jaggi (Scientists of Ancient India and their Achievements, p. 144, 1966) also opines, have rather helped to elucidate certain passages in Jyotisa Vedanga. Evidently Jaina astronomy holds an intermediary stage in between Vedanga Jyotisa and Siddhantic astronomy. However it is worthy of note that Jaina School of astronomy played a vehement role in the development of Siddhantic astronomy as the present author Dr. S. S. Lishk (Role of Pre-Aryabhata I Jain School of

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296 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [@v3 Astronomy in the Development of Siddhantic Astronomy. Indian Journal of History of Science, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 106-113) has firstever exposed in a compact manner. Now we may have a little recourse to the absence of certain elements of Siddhantic astronomy in Jaina astronomical texts, which are given as below : i. The use of Siddhantic rasis (ecliptic signs) has not been made in Jaina astronomy. ii. Jainas have used algebraic methods instead of geometrical methods used in Siddhantic astronomy. iv. No signs of epicyclic theory have so far been traced. But still it is our con jecture that Jainas might have strived for arriving at better methods to computing longitudinal and latitudinal positions of astral bodies as is evidenced by their trends towards kinematical studies of sun, moon and venus etc. However comparison of Surya Siddhanta radii of epicycles with those of Ptolemy shows origination of Surya Siddhanta constants. Constants of Surya Siddhanta epicycles radii may be generatable. Relevant texts of Bhadrabahu Samhita etc. are yet to be analysed in this connection. It is worthy of note that the above mentioned astronomical notions of Siddhantic astronomy are traditionally ascribed to the Greek influence upon ancient Indian astronoiny. It is however to be emphasized that the pre-Siddhantic Jaina School of astronomy has been chiefly characterised by its own symbolism, terminology and other peculiar notions; and it is still in want of exposition of all compendimum of Jaina astronomical knowledge before the extent of link between Siddhantic astronomy and Western astronomy can properly be discerned. It is of course easily discernible that Jaina astronomical system does not show any distinct indications of influences of Western systems of astronomy. The most disputable in this context, is the origination of the ratio 3:2 of the greatest and the shortest lengths of daylight. This ratio holds equally good for both Gandhara and Babylon. Gandhara, an ancient seat of learning might have been used for purposes like those of a standard place for the purposes of time reckoning for the whole of ancient India. So this ratio has no sublimity in attributing the provenance of Jaina astronomical system to Mesopotamia. In this context, it is however worthy of note that by applying Bernoulli's theorem for rectifying error due to rate of flow of water through an orifice of a cylindrical water clepsydra, it is revealed that the ratio 3:2 is actually the ratio of amounts of water to be poured into the water clepsydra on the maximum and the minimum lengths of daylight and the corresponding ratio of actual time lengths comes to be v3: 72 which suits for a place near to that of Ujjaini, a renowned seat of learning in ancient Indian culture. The present author (Length of the Day in Jaina Astronomy, Centaurus, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 165, Aarhus University, Denmark) opines that it is however yet to be ascertained who borrowed this ratio 3:2 from whom. Besides Jaina astronomical system incorporates no fringe of any non-explicit helio-centric hypothesis as is dimly said to have been postulated by Aristarchus of Samos in c. 280 B. C. Absence of week days, rasis (ecliptic signs) and

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Similarities Between Jaina Astronomy and Vcdanga Jyotisa PP's the Greek epicyclic theory is also indicative of non-assimilation of any Greek influence upon Jaina School of astronomy. Thus any claims about Western influences upon the Jaina astronomical system are quite, of course, questionable. In the light of these investigations, the idea that Siddhantic astronomy had in toto been borrowed from the Greeks is rightly questionable. Such an idea was de facto the product of a spontaneous jump from Vedanga Jyotisa to Siddhantic astronomy. Certain peculiarities between Vedanga Jyotisa and Paitamaha Siddhanta such as five-year cycle, beginning of five-year cycle from the conjunction of sun and moon at the first point of Dhanistha (Beta Delphini) and ratio of greatest and shortest lengths of daylight etc. have been misleading as regards the use of Vedic astronomical system (Vedanga Jyotisa) upto the epoch of Paitamaha Siddhanta (A. D. 80) when the vedic astronomical system underwent a radical change with the emergence of Siddhantic astronomy. It may also be noted that Paitamaha Siddhanta (system of Paitamaha) of Varahamihira's Pancasiddhantika (five systems) represents Indian astronomy as not yet influenced by Greeks and in this respect it belongs to the same category as Jyotisa Vedanga, Surya prajnapti and similar works. The present author (JAINA ASTRONOMY' published by Vidya Sagar Publications, B-5/263, Yamuna Vihar, Delhi-110053, 1987) has tried to clarify several links in unearthing the systematic emergence of ancient Indian astronomy right from Vedanga Jyotisa to Siddhantic astronomy. Still more revelations are due to corroborate the role of Jaina School of astronomy in the development of Aryabhata and other Siddhantic Schools of astronomy. FURTHER SCOPE OF WORK There is an ample scope of further research work in this field. Some other Jaina non-canonical works like Tiloyasara, Jyotisa Karandaka and Bhadrabahu Samhita etc. remain as the unlimited sources of astronomical data for some more investigations into the so-called dark period in the history of ancient Indian astronomy. Bhadrabahu Samhita alone has ample data regarding planetary kinematical studies like those of mercury, mars and jupiter etc. The study of these texts would unravel some mysteries of Jaina astronomical system. Some new vistas of research are also open, e. g., a critical study of achievements of the contemporary Buddhistic School of astronomy is of an utmost importance. It is suggested that a project should be started to study the process of export of Indian calendaric systems in other countries with the spread of Buddhism. The present day tradition of celebration of Vega (Abhijit or alpha lyrae) star function among the Japanese highlights the scope of any such possibilities of export of some Jaina astronomical notions also along with the spread of Buddhism. Some contacts as pointed out by B. N. Puri (Jainism in Mathura in the early centuries of the Christian Era, Srimahavira Jaina Vidyalay Golden Jubilee Volume, p. 157, 1968) established between Jaina saints and foreigners some of whom may have bean attracted to Jainology in the early centuries of Christian era, also need a through investigation. An exhaustive study, "Jaina astronomy", has paved the way for execution of each types of research programmes which would lead on completion to brighten the dark period (post-Vedanga pre-Siddhantic period) in the history of ancient Indian astronomy.

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jainAcArya nAgArjuna pro0 ema0 ema0 jozI, bhautikI vibhAga, ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya, ilAhAbAda, u0 pra0 alabarUnI ne apane grantha "bhAratavarNana" meM rasavidyA ke AcArya nAgArjana kA ullekha karate hae likhA hai ki ve saurASTra meM somanAtha ke nikaTa daihaka meM rahate the| ve rasavidyA meM bahuta nipuNa the| unhoMne isa viSaya para eka grantha bhI likhA, jo alabarUnI ke kathanAnusAra durlabha ho gayA thA, parantu usane yaha bhI likhA hai ki nAgArjuna usase koI sau sAla hI pahile hae the| isa ullekha se saurASTra vAle nAgArjana kA kAla dasavIM zatAbdi ke Asa-pAsa mAnA jaaygaa| yadi yaha sthApanA satya ho to prazna uThatA hai ki yaha ullekha bauddha dArzanika nAgArjana, jinakA kAla IsA pUrva pahilI zatI nizcita kiyA jA cukA hai, ke bAre meM athavA siddha nAgArjuna, jo sAtavIM zatAbdI meM hue, ke bAre meM to ho nahIM sakatA, ataH kyA yaha kisI tIsare nAgArjuna se sambandhita hai ? kucha vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki alaberUnI kA tAtparya bauddha nAgArjuna se nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki ve to usase kama se kama hajAra-bAraha sau varSa pUrva hue the / hA~, siddha nAgArjuna ke bAre meM vaha avazya likha sakatA thA, kyoMki ve alaberUnI ke Ane se tIna-cAra sau varSa pUrva hI hue the, parantu isa sthApanA ko mAnane meM sabase bar3I ar3acana yaha hai ki sAtavIM zatI vAle siddha nAgArjuna nAlandA se sambandhita the aura unakA ullekha caurAso siddhoM meM milatA hai| para alaverUnI ne to nAgArjuna ko saurASTra kA nivAsI likhA hai| ataH yaha prazna uThanA ucita hai ki kyA koI tIsarA nAgArjuna bhI huA thA ? kucha vidvAnoM kI rAya meM alaberUnI ne prApta sUcanAoM kI prAmANikatA para kAphI UhApoha ke bAda hI unakA samAveza apanI pustaka meM kiyA hai, ataH saurASTra kSetra meM kisI tIsare nAgArjuna ke astitva ko DhUMDhane kA prayatna svAbhAvika hI kahA jAyagA / hAla hI meM, prAcIna bhAratIya vaijJAnika paramparA ke adhyayana ke silasile meM kucha jaina granthoM kA avalokana karane kA avasara milA tathA udayapura ke DA. rAjendraprakAza bhaTanAgara kI jaina Ayurveda se sambandhita pustaka bhI par3hane kA suyoga milaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaina paramparA meM bhI eka nAgArjuna hue haiM aura unheM bhI siddha nAgArjuna hI kahA jAtA thaa| merutuGgAcArya racita prabandha cintAmaNi ke "nAgArjunotpattistambhanaka tIrthAvatAra prabandha" meM nAgArjuna ke janma evaM siddha puruSa banane kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| usake anusAra aneka prakAra kI auSadhiyoM ke prabhAva se nAgArjuna siddha puruSa bane tathA pAdaliptAcArya ke ziSya banakara koTivedhI rasa ke nirmANa kI vidhi bhI jAna gye| jaina granthoM ke anusAra nAgArjuna "DhaMka-giri", jo saurASTra prAnta meM thA, ke nivAsI the, kintu unheM sAtavAhana nareza kA Azraya milA thA, jise rasavedha dvArA unhoMne dIrghAyu prApta karAI thI / 'laeNka-giri" guphAe~ prAcIna itihAsavidoM ke zodha ke pariNAmasvarUpa tIsarI zatAbdi IsvI kI samajhI jAtI hai / ataH IsA kI dUsarI yA tIsarI zatI meM nAgArjuna saurASTra meM rasAyanazAstrI ke rUpa meM vikhyAta the| jaina sAhitya meM DhaMka giri ko zatrujaya parvata kA bhAga mAnA jAtA hai, yaha saurASTra meM ballabhIpura ke nikaTa hai / 'nAgArjunI-vAcanA' yA 'ballabhI vAcanA' ke nAma se jaina AgamoM ke pAThoM kA ullekha to yatra-tatra milatA hai, para pATha anupalabdha haiM / ataH ballabhIpura meM nAgArjuna kI upasthiti IsA kI tIsarI zatI ke Asa-pAsa hone ke saMketa to spaSTa haiM / DA. bhaTanAgara ke matAnusAra yahI vaha tIsare nAgArjuna hai, jo bauddha nAgArjuna evaM nAlandA ke siddha nAgArjuna se bhinna haiM tathA inhoM kA ullekha alaberUnI ne kiyA hai, kintu inakA samaya batAne meM usane bhUla kI hai| unakI dRSTi se

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4] jainAcArya nAgArjuna 299 nAgArjuna, AcArya pAdaliptasUri ke ziSya the| jaina granthoM meM pAdaliptasUri jI kA jIvana vRtta vistAra se milatA hai| prabhAvaka caritra, prabandhakoSa, prabandha cintAmaNi prabhRti ke avalokana se yaha vidita hotA hai ki AcArya pAdaliptasari IsA kI pahilI zatI meM hue the / DA0 nemicaMdra zAstrI ke anusAra "vizeSAvazyaka bhASya" evaM "nizotha-Ni" jaise granthoM meM pAdaliptasari jI ke ullekha ke kAraNa unakA kAla paryApta prAcIna mAnA jAnA caahie| AcArya pAdalipta ko aisA lepa jJAta thA ki jise pairoM para lagAne se ve AkAza gamana kara sakate the| isI kAraNa inheM pAdalipta kahA gayA / pAdalipta ke eka ziSya skandila bhI the| jaina sAhitya ke vRhad itihAsa ke avalokana se patA calatA hai ki nAgArjuna bhI inhIM ke ziSya the| prabandhakoSa ke anusAra dakSiNa ke pratiSThAnapura kA sAtavAhana rAjA AcArya pAdalipta kA samakAlona thA / usake samaya meM pATaliputra kA rAjA muruMDa thA / prazna hai ki pratiSThAnapura kA kauna sA rAjA pAdalipta kA samavartI thaa| aba eka anya dRSTi se bhI vicAra kreN| jayacaMdra vidyAlaMkAra kRta bhAratIya itihAsa ke unmIlana nAmaka graMtha meM kahA gayA hai ki janavAGmaya ke anusAra pratiSThAnapura ke zAlivAhana yA sAtavAhana rAjA ne bharukaccha ke rAjA nahapAna para vijaya prApta kI thI aura yahI rAjA bAda meM vikramAditya ke nAma se prasiddha haA tathA pratiSThAnapura se Akara usane ujjayinI para vijaya prApta kI thii| isa vikramAditya kA vAstavika nAma gautamIputra zAtakaNi thaa| isI rAjA ne jaba mAlavagaNa ke sahayoga se zakoM ko I0 pU0 57 meM haTAyA, taba se vikramI saMvat prArambha huaa| ___ aba yadi isa tathya para vicAra kiyA jAya ki zAtavAhana rAjya kA utkarSa kaba huA, to yaha nirdhAraNa karanA sambhava ho sakatA hai ki AcArya pAdalipta kaba hue the| zAtavAhana rAjya Isvo pUrva dUsarI zatAbdi se IsvI prathama-dvitoya zatAbdi ke Asa-pAsa rahA / usameM bhI caramotkarSa para IsvI pUrva prathama zatAbdi se IsvI prathama zatI meM lagabhaga 100 varSoM taka rhaa| inhIM dinoM sAtavAhanoM kA darabAra vidyA kA kendra bana gyaa| ataH jaina granthoM ke anusAra rAjA hAla ke darabAra meM pAdalipti jaise AcArya ko AdarapUrvaka rakhA jAnA yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ke mata meM DhaMkagiri prathama-dvitIya zato kI honI caahie| yaha abhimata adhika yuktisaMgata lagatA hai| taba jaina nAgArjuna kA kAla . IsvI prathama-dvitIya zato ke Asa-pAsa honA sambhava hai aura unako guru-paramparA se mela khA jAtA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki gautamI bAlazrI ke nAsika abhilekha meM putra evaM pautra donoM ke kAryoM kA eka sAtha ullekha karane se vidvajjanoM ne yaha samajhA ki pitA evaM putra eka sAtha ho rAjya kara rahe the| yadyapi aisA hAnA asambhava nahIM hai, kintu yaha bhI to ho sakatA hai ki gautamI bAlazrI sAmAnya se adhika dIrghAyu prApta kara sakI hoM aura pautra ke rAjyakAla meM bhI arase taka jIvita rahI hoM, ataH nAsika abhilekha meM donoM ke kAryoM kA ullekha ho| ataH yaha nizcita karanA Avazyaka hai ki AcArya pAdaliptasUri kisake samakAlika the ? vikramAditya ke samavartI hone para, aura dIrghajIvI hone para to tIsarI zatI IsvI meM nAgArjuna ke guru hone kI sambhAvanA aTapaTI sI lagato hai| yadi aisA hotA to doghaMjIvana ko camatkArika upalabdhi kA ullekha itihAsa granthoM yA Ayurveda sAhitya meM honA cAhie thA, para abhI taka aisA vivaraNa mero jAnakArI meM nahIM hai / yadyapi bola nAmaka vidvAna ne bauddha nAgArjuna kA samaya I0 pU0 33 nirdhArita kiyA hai, kintu reno aura philiyoje ke mata meM bauddha nAgArjuna IsvI prathama zatAbdi ke anta meM hue the / yadi yaha sthApanA mAnya ho, taba bauddha evaM jaina nAgArjuna lagabhaga samakAlIna hoNge| jaina granthoM ke anusAra nAgArjuna ne DhaMka parpata ko guphA meM rasakUpikA sthApita kI tho aura rasa-siddhi tathA suvarNa-siddhi ke prayoga bhI kiye the| unhoMne jaina AgamoM ko vAcanA taiyAra kraaii| kaI bAtoM meM boddha nAgArjuna evaM jaina nAgArjuna ke vyaktitvoM meM kAphI sAmya bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai| donoM hI rasAyana zAstra ke jJAtA the, donoM ne ho vibhinna graMthoM ke zuddha rUpa ko prastuta kiyA thaa| jJAtavya hai ki bIla ne nAgArjuna ko buddha ke cAra so varSa bAda honA batAyA hai| ataH bIla kA mata buddha ke kAla-nirdhAraNa para nirbhara karatA hai| yadi mahAtmA buddha kA hI kAla poche khisaka jAye, taba kyA hogA? bahuta se vidvAnoM ke abhimata meM IsA pUrva bhAratIya itihAsa ko aneka gutthiyAM aiso

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[ khaNDa 300 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha haiM ki jo vibhinna ghaTanAoM ke kAla-nirdhAraNa ko ulajhA detI haiM / bauddha nAgArjuna evaM jaina nAgArjuna ke bAre meM prApta jAnakArI kA sahI upayoga karake unakA spaSTa kAla-nirdhAraNa karanA una gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne meM sahAyaka to hogA hI, sAtha hI bhAratIya jJAna-vijJAna ke unnayana meM jaina manISiyoM ke yogadAna kA bhI spaSTa unmIlana karane meM sahAyaka hogA / jaina sAhitya ke zodhakoM se merA anurodha hai ki ve mAtra pazcimI vidvAnoM dvArA prastAvita tithiyoM ko hI sadA satya na mAna leM, apitu jaina paramparA tathA anya sama-sAmayika paramparAoM ke milAna ke bAda hI kAla-nirdhAraNa kareM / yadi jaina nAgArjuna ke sambandha meM samasta upalabdha sAmagrI kA samIkSAtmaka vivaraNa taiyAra ho sake tathA unakA ThIka kAla nirNaya ho sake, to vaha eka mahatvapUrNa upalabdhi mAnA jAyagA / isa dRSTi se Ayurveda ke itihAsa vizArada, jaina sAhitya zodhaka evaM prAcIna itihAsa tathA purAtatva vettAoM kA sAmUhika prakalpa liyA jAnA upayogI hogA / avidyA aura usakA parivAra avidyA mohavRkSa kI vela hai, viSa vela hai, duHkhaphalA hai, kulaTA bhI hai, pizAbI hai, asatI hai, vegavatI nadI hai evaM viSakanyA hai | isa avidyA kA putra ahaMkAra hai / isakI putravadhU mamatA hai| ahaMkAra ke do putra haiMsva para saMkalpa-vikalpa | ina putroM kI rati aura arati nAmaka striyA~ ( pautrabadhU ) haiM / inake do putra haiM - sukha aura duHkha / isa prakAra avidyA kA vizAla aura akSaya parivAra / isake kAraNa vaha dinoMdina AnandapUrvaka bar3ha rahI hai / - Atmaprabodha (kumAra kavi)

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kavi hastiruci aura unako vaidyaka kRtiyA~ DaoN0 rAjendraprakAza bhaTanAgara udayapura (rAja.) jaina vidvAnoM dvArA viracita vaidyaka-granthoM meM hastiruci-kRta 'vaidyavallabha' kA anyatama sthAna hai| yaha grantha uttara-madhyayugIna jaina yati evaM vaidyoM kI paramparA meM bahuta samAdRta huaa| rAjasthAna evaM gujarAta meM isakA paryApta pracAra-prasAra rhaa| arAvalI parvatamAlA ke pazcima meM gujarAta aura mAravAr3a kA kSetra parasAra jur3A huA hai| prAcIna samaya meM donoM kSetroM meM eka hI apabhraMza bhASA bolI jAtI thI, jisase kAlAntara meM, sambhavataH caudahavIM zatI ke bAda, pradezoM va rAjyoM kI bhinnatA ke AdhAra para gujarAta meM gujarAtI evaM mAravAr3a meM marubhASA vikasita hii| parantu sAMskRtika AdAna-pradAna to bahuta samaya bAda taka pracalita rhaa| mAravAr3a kSetra ke jaina yati-muni mAravAr3a evaM gajarAta meM vicaraNa karate rahate the| hastiruci kA bihAra bhI pazcimI bhArata meM rhaa| ataH unakA yaha grantha isa kSetra meM bahata prasiddha rhaa| kavi-paricaya hastiruci tapAgacchIya ruci zAkhA ke zvetAmbara jaina yati the / inhoMne svayaM ko 'kavi' kahA hai / "citrasena padmAvati rAsa' (gujarAtI) ke anta meM unhoMne apanI guru-paramparA dI hai : ___ tapAgaccha meM 'hIravijayasUri' hue, jinhoMne bAdazAha akabara ko pratibodha diyA thaa| unake paTTadhara "vijayasenasari' hue, unake paTTadhara 'vijayadevasUri' hue| unake gaccha meM 'kaviyoM kI paramparA meM 'lakSmIruci' kavi hue, unake ziSya vijayakuzala' kavi hue, unake ziSya 'udayaruci' kavi hue| udayaruci ke sattAIsa ziSya the jo japa, tapa aura vidyA meM nipaNa the| unameM se eka 'hitaruci hue| unake hI ziSya 'hastiruci' hue| ye prakANDa vidvAn aura prasiddha cikitsaka the| hastiruci kI gujarAtI bhASA meM 'citrasena padmAvati rAsa' nAmaka kAvya-racanA milatI hai| isakI racanA kavi ne ahamadAbAda meM saMvat 1717 (1660 I0) vijayAdazamI ke dina pUrNa kI thii| 'hastiruci gaNi' ke anya grantha bhI milate hai| mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI ne inakA grantha-praNayanakAla saMvat 1717 se 1739 mAnA hai| parantu inakI 'SaDAvazyaka' para vi0 saM0 1697 meM likhI vyAkhyA bhI milatI hai| ataH inakA grantharacanAkAla saM0 1695 se 1740 taka mAnanA ucita hogaa| nizcitarUpa se kahA nahIM jA sakatA ki hastiruci kisa kSetra ke nivAsI the| jaina-mani vihAra karate hue anyatra bhI jAte rahate haiN| kucha inheM mAravAr3a kSetra kA mAnate haiN| parantu inakA gujarAta-nivAsI honA pramANita hotA hai| vaidyaka para inakI do racanAe~ milatI haiM : 1. vaidyavallabha aura 2. vandhyAkalpacaupaI / 1. jaina gurjara kavio (guja0), bhAga 2, pR0 185-86 para uddhRta / 2. mo* da0 desAI, 'jaina sAhityano itihAsa', pR0 664 / 38

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302 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa vaidyavallabha yaha grantha mUlataH saMskRta meM padyabaddha likhA gayA thaa| phira usakA saMbhavataH lekhaka (hastiruci) ne hI gujarAtI meM anuvAda kiyA thA / mUla-grantha kA racanAkAla vi0 saMvat 1726 (1669 I0) diyA hai : "teSAM zizunA hastirucinA savaidyavallabho granthaH / rasanayanamuniMduvarSe (6271 = 1726)paropakArAya vihitoyaM // " grantha ke anta meM kisI-kisI pANDulipi meM nimna do padya milate haiM, jinase jJAta hotA hai ki tapAgaccha ke udayaruci hitaruci Adi aneka ziSya hue jo 'upAdhyAya' padavI dhAraNa karate the| hitaruci ke ziSya hastiruci hue / "zrImattapAgaNAMbhojanAyakena nabhomaNi / prAjJodayarucirnAma babhUva viduSAgraNI // 55 / / tasyAneke mahaziSyA hitAdizcayo vasa / jaganmAnyArupAdhyAyapadasya dhArakA'bhavan" / / 56 // grantha kI antima puSpikA isa prakAra milatI hai: "iti zrImattapAgacche mahopAdhyAya zrI hitacigaNitacchiSyakavihastirucikRta vaidyavallabhe zeSayoganirUpaNA vilAsaH // " "iti zrI kavihastirucikRtavaidyavallabho grantha sampUrNa // shrii||" isa grantha meM ATha "vilAsa' (adhyAya) haiM : 1. sarvajvarapratIkAranirUpaNa (28 padya) 2. strIrogapratIkAra (41 padya) 3. kAsa-kSaya-zoka-phiraMga-vAyu-pAmA-dadru-raktapitta-prabhRti rogapratIkAra (30 padya) 4. dhAtu-prameha-mUlakRcchra-liMgavardhana-vIryavRddhi-bahumUtra-prabhRtirogapratIkAra (29 padya) 5. guda-rogapratIkAra (24 padya) 6. vireci-kuSThaviSagulmamandAgni-pAMDu-kAmalodararogaprabhRtipratIkAra (26 padya) 7. ziraHkarNAkSibhramamUsiMdhivAta graMthivAta raktapittasnAyukAdiprabhRtipratIkAra (42 padya) 8. pAka-guTikAdhikAra-zeSa roganirUpaNa-sannipAta-hikkA-jAnukampAdi-pratIkAra (40 pdy)| isameM rogAnusAra yoga kA saMgraha hai / saba yoga anubhUta, sarala aura viziSTa haiN| 'prokto'ya kavi hastinA' (1910), 'etad hastikavermatam' (2 / 1, 2), 'kavihastinA mataH' (2018), 'dattaM sahastikavinA' (6 / 24), 'kAritaM kavinA' (2 / 33, 3 / 13), 'hastinA kathitaM' (2029) Adi kahane se jJAta hotA hai ki ye yoga hastiruci ke anubhuta aura nirdiSTa the| zvetapradara ko isameM 'striyoM kA dhAturoga' (2017) kahA gayA hai tathA rakta TahA 1 yaha grantha matharA nivAsI paM0 rAdhAcandra zarmA kRta brajabhASA TokA-sahita veMkaTezvara presa bambaI se saM0 1978 meM prakAzita huA thaa| 2. durgAzaMkara kevalarAma zAstrI ne likhA hai : "yaha graMtha saM0 1670 meM racA gayA thA, aisA goMDala ke itihAsa meM likhA hai, kartA kA nAma hastiruci ke sthAna para hastisUri diyA hai|" ('Ayurvedano itihAsa', pR0 244) / 3. bhaNDArakara oriyaNTala ricasaM insTITyUTa, pUnA ke granthAgAra meM pANDulipi kra. 599 / 1899-1915 /

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4] kavi hastiruci aura unakI vaidyaka kRtiyA~ 303 pradara ko kevala 'pradara' kahA gayA hai| kucha laukika evaM pArivArika kAryasiddhi ke prayoga bhI die hai-jaise-'atha zvasuragRhe taruNI tiSThati tatra prayogaH' yaha sabhI kI yoni meM dhUpa dene kA yoga hai| puruSaliMgavRddhikara prayoga bhI die haiM / vAjIkaraNaprayogoM meM 'madanavRddhipAka' (8115-17) vizeSa mahatvapUrNa hai| methI ke pAka ko 'mAgadhIpAka' (7 / 30-34) kahA hai| vijayA (5 / 4), ahiphena (4 / 20, 5 / 4) aura akarakarA (4 / 23) kA yogoM meM prayoga huA hai| liMgalepa' (4 / 19.20) 'kAmezvaraguTikA' (4 / 24-25) aphIma, jAyaphala aura jAvitrI kA yoga hai / 'nAgabhasma vidhi' (4 / 2829) bhI dI hai| udara roga meM 'vajrabhedIrasa' (6 / 1-2) batAyA hai, parantu yaha rasayoga nahIM hai, kevala kaSThauSadhiyAM haiN| rasayoga bhI die hai, jaise-sarvakuSThArurasa (6 / 3-4), icchAbhedorasa (6 / 5-7) mandAgnihA guTikA (6 / 17-18) / 'srotavRddhiroga' se sambhavataH vRddhi roga (AmavRddhi) liyA gayA hai (5 / 21) / vibhinna rogoM meM isa grantha ke viSiSTa ekauSadhi-yoga atyanta upayogI hai : 1. ekAntarajvara (viSamajvara) meM dhattUrapatrasvarasa aura dahI (1 / 14) / 2. garbhadhArakayoga . saga mahiSIdagdha aura ajAmatra (2 / 9) / 3. putrapradayoga RtukAla meM pArasapIpalabIja, mizrI, zarkarA (2 / 8) / 4. garbhapAtarodhaka dhAya ke phUla, mizrI (2 / 9) / 5. garbhavRddhikara jAzukI puSpa-zItala jala meM pIsakara (2 / 12) / 6. garbhapAtakara soMTha va usase pAMca gunA rasona kA kvAtha (2 / 18) / alasI kA tela va gur3a (2 / 21) / alasI kA tela va guggula (2 / 22) / 7. garbharodhaka palAzabIja kI rAkha, zItala jala meM (2 / 27) / 8. kAsa-zvAsa-kSaya-hRdroga snuhIdugdha va gur3a (3 / 11) / 9. zvAsa-kAsa vAsAsvarasa va madhu (3 // 12) / 10. kSayaroga arkadugdhabhAvita saiMdhava lavaNa (3 / 15) / 11. raktapitta roga meM mRtatAla (haratAla bhasma), sigurasa ke sAtha deM (3 / 29) / 12. mizrI milA huA bakarI kA dUdha (2 / 30) / 13. vAjIkaraNa kRSNa muzalIkanda-cUrNa va go ghRta (48) / 14. prameharoga palAza ke phUla va vaMga bhasma (4 / 12) / 15. napuMsakatA baigana meM rakhakara pakAyA huA hiMgula (4 / 15) / 16. uSNavAta mUtrakRcchra sUryakSAra (zorA) aura mizrI (4 / 16) / 17. azmarI yavakSAra, zarkarA, gAya kA takra (4 / 18) / 18. bahumUtra garAja va kAle tila, bAsI jala se (4 / 26) / 19. liMgavyAdhi nAgabhasma va mizrI ( 4 / 27) / 20. arzaroga thUharake dUdha kA lepa (5 / 9) / indrajava va bar3a ke dUdha kA sevana (5 / 9) / 22. bhilAve ke vikAra meM (sUjana) makkhana aura tila; dUdha aura mizrI, ghI aura mizrI kA lepa kareM (5 / 12) / 21. ,

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304 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa 23. kramiroga mahAnimbapatrasvarasa kA sevana (5 / 14) / 24. kAmalA (pIliyA) gadhe kI lIda aura dahI milAkara sevana kareM (6 / 21) / 25. zirovyathA Amra ke chAla ko jala meM pIsa lepa kareM (77) / 26. mukhapiDikA (javAnI kI kuMsiyA~) mAjUphala ko cAvala ke dhobana meM ghisakara lepa kareM (7 / 20) / 27. dA~toM kA hilanA anAra kI chAla ke cUrNa kA maMjana (7123) / 28. snAyukaroga (nAharu) gondI kI jar3a ko manuSya mUtra meM pIsakara lepa kareM (7 / 24) / 29. // mahue~ ke patte bA~dhe (7 / 25) / 30. " " Aka ke dUdha kA lepa kareM (7 / 26) / 31. saMkhiyA kA viSa caulAI kA rasa va mizrI athavA noMbU kA rasa sevana kareM (85) / 32. pAdatraNa (vivAI phaTanA) . moma, rAla, sAbuna ko makkhana meM milAkara lepa kareM athavA tila aura bar3a kA dUdha pIsakara lepa kareM (8 / 26) / grantha ke anta meM 'jvarAtisAra nAzaka guTikA' 'murAdizAha' dvArA nirmita hone kA ullekha hai : "kSaudreNa vA patrarasena kAyAM varAtisArAmayanAzino vaTA / rUpAgnibalavIryavarddhanI 'marAdisAhena' vinirmitA vaTo // 40 // " yaha murAdazAha auraMgajeba kA bhAI thA, jo 1661 I0 meM mArA gayA thA / zoghra hI yaha grantha lokapriya hA gayA thaa| isakA lAkapriyatA isa tathya se jJAta hoto hai ki isa grantha kI racanA ke tIna varSa bAda arthAt saM0 1729 meM meghabhaTTa nAmaka vidvAn ne isa para saMskRta-TAkA likhA thA, isakA puSikA meM likhA hai : "vi0 saM0 1729 varSe bhAdrapadamAse site pakSe bhaTTameghaviracitasaMskRtaTAkATippaNosahitaH sampUrNaH // " yaha TIkAkAra zaiva thaa| isake prapitAmaha kA nAma nAgarabhaTTa, pitAmaha kA nAma kRSNabhaTTa aura pitA kA nAma nIlakaNTha diyA hai| meghabhadra ko saMskRta TokA ke atirikta isa para hindo, rAjasthAno aura gujarAto meM 'stabaka' aura 'vivecana' likhe gaye hai| vandhyAkalpacaupaI nAgarI-pracAriNI sabhA ke khoja-vivaraNa pR0 33 para inako isa racanA kA ullekha hai / isake antima bhAga meM yaha likhA hai-'kahiM kavi hasti harinoM dAsa / ' ataH sambhavataH yaha kisI anya ko racanA bho ho sakatI hai| vastutaH hastiruci jainaryAta-muniyoM kI paramparA meM aisI vibhUti haiM jinakA Ayurveda ke prati mahAn yogadAna hai|

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rogopacAra meM gRhazAMti evaM dhArmika upAyoM kA yogadAna DA. jJAnacandra jaina roDara, zAsakIya Ayurveda mahAvidyAlaya, lakhanaU isa anAdinidhana sraSTicakra meM prANimAtra sadaiva se paNDita daulatarAma ke anusAra, duHkha se bhayabhIta hokara sukha prApti kI abhilASA hetu nirantara prayAsa karatA A rahA hai| jIva kI isa duHkha-kAtaratA ko dekhakara hamAre karuNAnidhAna nirgrantha guru-pravaroM ne bhI use sukhakara mArga kA dizA nirdeza kiyA hai| ananta-sukhAgAra mokSa prApti hetu bho dharma sAdhanA ke liye zarIra dhAraNAyaM AhAra lenA anivArya AvazyakatA hai| yahI AhAra rogotpatti meM bhI kAraNa hotA hai / isI se sAdhanA meM bAdhA par3atI hai| isaliye dharma-sAdhanA meM sahAyaka zarIra ko svastha rakhane ke liye AcAryoM ne dinacaryA, rAtricaryA evaM RtacaryA ke anusAra AhAra-vihAra kA pAlana karate hae pathyApathya-pUrvaka kiyA hai| yadi vyakti kadAcita asvastha bhI ho jAve, to auSadhi ke sAtha hI pathya vyavasthA pU sake / apathyAhAra se svAsthya-lAbha na ho pAne se jIva abhISTa siddhi nahIM kara paaygaa| hamAre AcAryoM ne tAtvika dRSTi se gambhIra cintana karate hue sakhaprApti heta grahaNa kI apekSA tyAga yA dAna ko atyadhika mahatva diyA hai| donoM meM bhI dharma-sAdhanA-sahAyaka svAsthya ke liye auSadha dAna ko zreSTha batAyA hai| indriya sakha-rasI jIva ko pravatti ke viSaya meM / guru pravara samyak-rItyA yaha jAnate the ki kitanA bhI samajhAne para kama bandhAdhona yaha jIva viSayasukha ke AkarSaNa meM phaMsakara apanA ahita karatA rhegaa| vastutaH viveka buddhi tA kaThina sAdhanA tathA sadguru kRpA se hI vyakti ko prApta hotI hai / yahI kalyANa patha meM agrasara hone meM sahAyaka hotI hai / vartamAna pariprekSya meM hameM spaSTatayA gocara ho rahA hai ki Aja kA mAnava buddhi evaM dharmazUnya AcaraNa kara nAnA prakAra kI vyAdhiyoM ko Amantrita kara sadaiva duHkhI banA rahatA hai| avasthA evaM paristhiti ke anusAra AcAryoM ne cikitsA-saukaryArtha vyAdhiyA~ cAra prakAra kI mAnI haiM : sukhasAdhya, kaSTasAdhya, yApya tathA asAdhya / inameM sabase mahatvapUrNa vyAdhi 'zvAsa roga' kI cikitsA kA vivecana yahA~ apekSita hai| hama kSaNa-kSaNa yaha pratyakSa anubhava karate haiM ki yadi hameM thor3e samaya ke liye bho vAyu upalabdha na ho, to zvAsAvarAdha ke kAraNa dama ghuTane lagatI hai aura hamArI mRtyu hA sakatI hai| isaliye jIvana dhAraNa ke liye vAyu atyanta Avazyaka tatva hai| yaha tatva hameM zvAsa kriyA dvArA prApta hotA hai / zvAsa kriyA kI vikRti hI 'zvAsa vyAdhi' kI janaka hai| isa vyAdhi ke mahAzvAsa, UvazvAsa, chinnazvAsa, tamakazvAsa tathA kSudrazvAsa nAmaka pAMca bheda haiN| inameM prathama tIna asAdhya hone ke kAraNa a-cikitsya haiN| kSudrazvAsa zramajanya hone se cikitsA dvArA sugamatA se Thoka ho jAtI hai| tamaka zvAsa yApya hone se rogA aura cikitsaka-donoM ke liye mahatva kI hai| yApya vyAdhi kA zamana cikitsA evaM pathya-donoM para nirbhara karatA hai| kabhI-kabhI cikitsA se lAbha hone para rogI apane ko svastha mAna letA hai aura punaH apathya sevana karane lagatA hai| isase roga vigar3a jAtA hai aura 'damA dama ke sAtha jAtA hai' jaisI kahAvata caritArtha hone lagato hai| isaliye zvAsa roga kA saMkSipta vivaraNa yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai|

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306 ] paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa (a) saMprApti : yaha kapha-vAtAtmaka durjara mahAvyAdhi hai / isakA udbhava AmAzaya yA pitta sthAna se hotA hai / isakI abhivyakti prANavaha srotapta phupphusa-sthita zvAsa nalikA dvArA hotI hai| rogo dvArA adhika mAtrA meM paryApta samaya taka amla-lavaNAtmaka zIta-snigdha-guru-picchila guNI AhAra grahaNa karane se usakA samyaka paripAka nahIM ho paataa| aparipakva AhAra-rasa se AmadoSa kI utpatti hotI hai| isase agni mandatA hotI hai jisase vikRta kapha utpanna hotA hai| yahI vikRta kapha apakva rasoM ke sAtha zarIra tantra meM saMvahana aura paribhramaNa karatA haA phuphphasa meM AtA hai aura zvAsanalikA meM vikRta yA malakapha ke rUpa meM ekatra hokara zvAsa kriyA kA avarodha kara prANavaha srotasa meM srotorodha ke dvArA zvAsa roga kI utpatti karatA hai| zvAsa na le pAne se dama phUlane lagatA hai, ghabarAhaTa hotI hai, kAsavega Ane lagate haiN| adhika samaya taka zvAsarodha ke kAraNa A~khoM ke Age andherA chAne lagatA hai tathA prANa saMkaTa kI sambhAvanA pratIta hone lagatI hai| khAMsate-khAMsate yadi prayatna pUrvaka thor3A-sA bhI kapha nikala jAtA hai to kicit lala evaM sukha ko anubhUti hotI hai / kucha samaya pazcAt zvAsa kaSTa kI prakriyA punaH prArambha ho jAtI hai| Adhunika cikitsaka yaha mAnate haiM ki kapha nikAla dene se rogI ThIka ho jaayegaa| isaliye zvAsa roga meM kapha niHsAraka, zvAsa nalikA visphAraka yA kaphazAmaka auSadhiyoM kA AvazyakatAnusAra upayoga kara ve rogI ko sthAyI lAbha pahu~cA dete haiN| para isa cikitsA vidhi se rogonmUlana nahIM ho paataa| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki utpAdita kapha to cikitsA dvArA nikala jAtA hai parantu kaphotpAdana kI prakriyA kI cikitsA to hotI hI nahIM hai| isaliye roga aura kaSTa-donoM hI bane rahate haiN| yaha sthiti ThIka usI prakAra kI hai jaise vRkSa kI zAkhA yA patra to kATa diye, para jar3a nahIM kATI / phalataH vaha samucita poSaNa milane para aMkurita evaM pallavita hone lagatA hai / isa samasyA ko dRSTigata rakhate hue roga kI zamana aura saMzodhana-do prakAra kI cikitsA kA vidhAna kiyA hai / uparokta cikitsA vidhi zamanAtmaka hai| saMzodhana cikitsA dvArA doSonmUlana hokara punaH vyAdhi kI sambhAvanA nahIM rahatI / isa vidhi meM vamana cikitsA vidhi dvArA AmAzaya ke vikRta kapha kI utpAdana prakriyA kA unmUlana kiyA jAtA hai| isase isa durjara vyAdhi se chuTakArA pAyA jA sakatA hai| rogiyoM kI cikitsA ke samaya kabhI-kabhI aisI sthiti bhI parilakSita hone lagatI hai ki aneka rogiyoM ko lAbha hone ke bAvajUda bhI, anekoM ko lAbha nahIM ho paataa| aisI paristhitiyoM meM mana meM isa prakAra ke vicAra Ane lagate haiM ki yogya nidAna evaM cikitsA ke pazcAt bhI kucha aise vicAra bindu haiM jinase saphala cikitsA kI adhika saMbhAvanA pratIta hotI hai| aise viSayoM meM cikitsA ko aMgabhata AtharvaNI yA jyotiSa cikitsA vidhi mahatvapUrNa hai| isa vidhi meM graha prabhAva-zAMta karane ke upAya tathA karma-vipAka zamana rUpa dhArmika pakSa kI vidhiyA~ mahatvapUrNa haiN| zvAsa roga ke aneka rogiyoM kI cikitsA ke samaya uparokta paristhiyA~ utpanna haI hai| inameM ukta sahayogI cikitsA vidhiyoM ke sahayoga se cikitsA karane para anukUla pariNAma bhI parilakSita hue haiN| inameM se hI eka zvAsa rogI kI cikitsA vidhi kA ullekha prastuta karanA upayogo hogaa| kanhaiyA lAla nAmaka eka rogI 1977 se zvAsa roga se pIr3ita thaa| cikitsA karAte rahane para use lAbha rahatA hai para kAlAntara meM vaha punaH vyAdhigrasta ho jAtA hai| rogI ko zvAsa-kRcchatA rahatI hai, kabhI-kabhI dama ghuTane jaisI sthiti paidA ho jAtI hai| adhika khA~sane para kucha kapha nikala jAne ke bAda alpakAlika kiMcit sukhAnubhUti hotI hai| usakI anya sthitiyA~ bhI pracaNDa zvAsa roga ko nirUpita karato hai| kabhI-kabhI vaha muchita bhI ho jAtA hai| ina saba AdhAroM para usake tamaka zvAsa hone kA nidAna kiyA gyaa| eksa-kiraNa parIkSA meM bhI phuphphusa sthita zvAsa nalikA zotha pAyA gyaa| zravaNa-parIkSA meM phuphphusa evaM zvAsa nalI meM ghurdharaka dhvani pAI gaI jo kapha bAhulya evaM

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rogopacAra meM gRhazAMti evaM dhArmika upAyoM kA yogadAna 307 srotoM-rodha kA pratIka hai| rogI ke anya lakSaNoM meM jvarAnubaMdha, agnimandatA, aruci, azakti Adi pAye gye| inake kAraNa rogI ke tamakazvAsa ke roganidAna meM sahAyatA milii| isa rogI kI cikitsA meM pratidina prAtaH, sAyaM evaM madhyAnha madhu ke sAtha nimna mizraNa lene ke liye prayoga kiyA gayA : (i) zvAsakAsa cintAmaNi rasa 1 DegrA0 lakSmI vilAsa rasa 4 DegrA0 zvAsa kuThAra rasa 4 DegrA0 soma cUrNa 1 grAma prabAla paMcAmRta rasa 2 DegrA0 sitopalAdi cUna 2 grAma (ba) prAtaH evaM sAyaM dUdha ke sAtha 10 grAma vAsAvaleha lene ke liye kahA gayA / (sa) prAtaH evaM sAyaM 100 milI0 zvAsavAsAMtaka kvAtha lene ke liye kahA gayA / (da) bhojanapUrva pratidina jala ke sAtha 242 agnituMDI baTI kA upayoga kiyA gayA / (ya) bhojanottara pratidina jala ke sAtha 20 milI. drAkSAriSTa evaM 20 milI. azvagaMdhAriSTa kA prayoga kiyA gyaa| grejI davAiyoM kA bhI upayoga kiyA gayA : (1) TarbuTelIna TebaleTa, 500 mg, dina meM tIna bAra (2) emoksilIna kepasUla, , dina meM cAra vAra (3) benADrila kapha e kspekTorenTa sirapa, 2 cammaca, cAra vAra isa cikitsA vyavasthA se rogI ko zIdhra lAbha hone lagA / rogI aura roga ko sthiti kA AvazyakatAnusAra parIkSaNa karate hae cikitsA vyavasthA meM samucita parivartana kiye jAte rahe / yaha cikitsA lagabhaga tIna mAha taka calatI rahI / isase AzAnukUla lAbha hote hue bhI rogonmUlana hetu pUrNa saphalatA meM nyUnatA parilakSita huI / isa para vicAra karane para cikitsA ke aMgabhUta jyotiSa zAstra ke anusAra rogI ke nimna janmAMga kA adhyayana kiyA gyaa| janma tithi, samaya va sthAna Azvina kRSNa 11 maMgalavAra, vikrama 1978 8-40 prAtaH hoziyArapura, paMjAba /

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308 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa ___jyotiSa ke prasiddha grantha 'jAtaka tatva' ke anusAra, yadi maMgala aura zani graha janma lagna ko dekhate hoM, to zvAsa va kSaya kI vyAdhi hotI hai| prastuta janmAMga meM lagna maMgala se caturtha hone se tathA zani se tRtIya hokara pUrNa pRSTa hone se zvAsa roga kI puSTi hotI hai / sAtha hI, kanyA rAzi meM guru hone para phuphphusa-avarodha-janya vikAra tathA kSaya roga hotA hai| pAzcAtya jyotiSI rophIriyala ke anusAra bhI, kanyArAzi meM guru tathA tulA rAzi meM budha hone para phuphphusAvarodhajanya zvAsa-roga hotA hai / ika janmAMga meM phuphphusAMga saMbaMdhI tRtIyabhAva ko rAzi-makara kA svAmI zani bhAveza hokara svayaM hI krUra graha hai tathA krUra graha sUrya se yukta bhI hai, yaha pApI graha rAhu se bhI yukta hai tathA ketu se saptama hone se pUrNa dRSTa hai / ye sabhI lakSaNa vyAdhi kI ugratA ke dyotaka haiM / jyotiSa vijJAna ke anumAra, aisI sthiti meM grahoM kI dRSTi kI koTi ke anusAra, vyAdhi ugra, madhyama, maMda yA mRdu koTi ko ho sakatI hai| grahazAMti ke upAyoM dvArA mRdu, mada aura madhyama koTi kI vyAdhi ko ThIka kiyA jA sakatA hai| parantu ugra yA dAruNa roga ko manda rUpa meM to parivartita kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu usake pUrNataH zamita hone kI sambhAvanA balavatI nahIM rhtii| hA~, graha-prakopa kI kAlAvadhi vyatIta hone para vyAdhi ke svarUpa meM parivartana hone lagatA hai| cikitsopacAra bhI isameM sahAyaka hotA hai| graha prakopa kI ugra sthiti ko 'mArakeza' kahA jAtA hai| yaha aniSTa kA sUcaka hotA hai / uparokta rogI kA roga ugra avasthA meM hone se ukta cikitsA ke sAtha grahazAnti ke upAya kiye gaye / isa hetu jyotiSa cikitsA graMtha meM varNita nimna prakAra maMtroM ke jApa kiye gaye : (a) maMgala grahazAnti hetu : OM aM aMgArakAya namaH 7000 jApa (ba) budha-zAntyartha : OM buM budhAya namaH 1000 jApa (sa) guru-zAntyartha : OM bRM vRhaspattaye namaH 1000 jApa (da) zani-grahazAnti hetu : OM zaM zanaizcarAya namaH 23000 jApa ina japoM ke atirikta dhAmika zAnti upAyoM meM jaina sAhitya meM varNita kavivara manasukhasAgara-racita 'navagrahAriSTa vidhAna' ke anusAra (1) maMgala graha zAntyartha magala ariSTa nivAraka zrI vAsupUjya jinapUjA, (2) budha graha zAnti hetu budha-ariSTa nivAraka zrI aSTajinapUjA, (3) guru graha zAntyarthaM guru ariSTa nivAraka zrI aSTajinapUjA tathA (4) zani graha zAntyartha zani ariSTa nivAraka zrI munisubrata jinapUjA kA vidhAna kiyA gayA / cikitsA evaM grahazAnti ke prayAsoM se roga zamana ho gayA, parantu grahoM kI ugratA ke kAraNa rogonmUlana nahIM ho paayaa| bhaviSya meM upacAra karate rahane se pUrNa lAbha ho jAne kI sambhAvanA hai| isa prakAra cikitsA evaM jyotiSIya vidhiyoM ke prayoga ke saMyukta prayAsoM se vyAdhiyoM ke unmUlanakI sambhAvanA balavatI pratIta hotI hai| yadi mArakeza ke kAraNa kinhIM byAdhiyoM kA unmUlana sambhava na bhI ho pAyA, to unake manda yA mRdu hone meM to koI zaMkA hI nahIM hai / kAlAntara meM unakA zamana bhI sambhava hai| kucha aura prayoga : isI AzA se eka sau rogiyoM ke janmAMgoM meM vyAdhijanaka grahayogoM kI sthiti pramANita ho jAne para evaM vyAdhi kA nidAna yathAvidhi kara lene ke pazcAt bhaiSajopacAra ke sAtha ho 'vIrasiMhAvaloka' tathA 'navagrahAriSTanivAraka vidhAna' meM varNita maMtra-jApa, pUjA tathA vidhAnoM kA anuSThAna karAyA gyaa| isa upacAra ke phalasvarUpa prApta pariNAmoM ko sAraNI 1 meM diyA gayA hai| inake prakAza meM isa kSetra meM adhika adhyayana evaM anuzIlana kI preraNA milatI hai aura yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki vartamAna cikitsA vijJAna meM anya vidhiyoM ke samAna jyotiSI cikitsA bhI eka mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi hai|

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rogopacAra meM gRhazAMti evaM dhArmika upAyoM kA yogadAna 309 sAraNI 1 : jyotiSa-cikitsIya prayogoM ke pariNAma roga rogI saMkhyA koI lAbha nahIM rogonmUlana 4, 57% roga-zamana 3, 42% 7, 875% 1, 125% 1, 100% 1. zvAsa rogI 2. yakSmA 3. kukusAvaraNa zodha 4. jannavaha srota 5. rasavaha srota 6. mUtravaha srota 7. purIdhavaha srota 8. raktavaha srota 9. atavaha srota 10. manovaha srota 11. vAtavaha srota WW.K * 2/ sAdhAraNa jana kI zraddhA aura ciMtaka kI zraddhA meM aMtara hotA hai / sAdhAraNajana zraddheya ko pratyeka vANI meM zraddhA karatA hai| citaka zraddheya kI AdhyAtmika upalabdhi ke prati zraddhAnata hone para bhI usake pratyeka vacana kI zraddhA-svIkRti kA Agraha nahIM karatA / siddhasena ne batAyA hai ki bha0 mahAvIra ne do prakAra ke tatva kahe-(1) hetugamya aura (2) ahetugamya / jo vyakti ahetugamya tatvoM ko Agama kI pramANatA se aura hetugamya tatvoM ko tarka kI pramANatA se pratipAdita karatA hai, vaha Agama ke hArda ko yathArtha samajhatA hai / niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu isI mata ke prastotA -muni nathamala

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dArzanika gaNitajJa AcArya yativRSabha ko kucha gaNitIya nirUpaNAyeM anupama jaina sahAyaka prAdhyApaka, gaNita, zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, sAraMgapura (rAjagar3ha) jaina sAhitya ke antargata gaNitIya sAmagrI se yukta karaNAnuyoga samUha ke graMthoM ke racanAkAroM meM A0 yativRSabha kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| tiloyapaNNattI ApakI sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa kRti hai kintu isa kRti kA gaNitIya adhyayana pAzcAtya gaNita itihAsajJoM ke sammukha samIcIna rUpa meM prastuta na ho pAne ke kAraNa Apako adyAvadhi vizva gaNita itihAsa kI pustakoM meM samupayukta sthAna nahIM prApta ho sakA hai| A0 yativRSabha ke jIvana ke bAre meM hamArA jJAna atyalpa hai| A0 vIrasena eva A0 jinasena praNIta jayadhavalA TIkA tathA A0 indranandi kRta zrutAvatAra meM upalabdha sAmagrI ke AdhAra para A0 yativRSabha, kaSAya prAbhUta ke kartA A0 gaNadhara ke ziSya A0 AryamaMkha evaM A0 nAgahasti ke ziSya the| saMbhavata: te A A0 nAgahasti ke ziSya the| saMbhavata: ve A0 nAgahasti ke antevAsI the| A0 AryamaMkha apravAhamAna evaM A0 nAgahasti pravAhyamAna zratajJAna ke dhAraka the| ullekhAnusAra uparokta donoM AcAryoM ko kaSAyapAhuDa kI racanA ke mUla srota mahAkammapaDipAhuDa evaM paMcama pUrvagata pejjadosa pAhuDa kA bhI jJAna thaa| A0 yativRSabha uparokta donoM AcAryoM ke ziSya the, ataH isa bAta kI paryApta saMbhAvanA hai ki Apako bhI inakA jJAna ho| zAstrI ne etadaviSayaka upalabdha samasta antarbAhya sAkSyoM kA vizleSaNa kara yaha sthira kiyA hai ki yativRSabha AThaveM karmapravAda pUrva tathA dvitIya pUrva ke paMcama vastu ke caturtha prAbhUta karmaprakRti ke bhI jJAtA the| unakA samaya 176 I0 ke AsapAsa hai| tiloyapaNNattI ke vartamAna saMskaraNa meM upalabdha pAMcavIM zatAbdI taka ke rAjavaMzoM kI nAmAvalI kisI paravartI AcArya dvArA tiloyapaNNattI ke mUla saMskaraNa ke punarsampAdana ke samaya kSepaka rUpa me jor3a dI gayI hai| inhIM kSepaka aMzoM ke AdhAra para kaI vidvAna A0 yativRSabha ko AryabhaTTa-I ke samakAlIna athavA samIpavartI, 473-609 I0 ke madhya kA svIkAra karate haiN| ApakA paramparA ke AdhAra para trikAlavartI vizva-racanA ko vyakta karane vAlA 9 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta graMtha tiloyapaNNattI mUlata: gaNitIya graMtha nahIM hai, tathApi sUtrabaddha prarUpaNAoM meM phaloM ke varNana tathA yatra-tatra vivecana meM ya vidhiyoM kA upayoga gaNita itihAsajJoM hetu bahumUlya hai| lakSmocandra jaina ke anusAra, karmasiddhAnta evaM adhyAtma-siddhAMta viSayaka granthoM meM praveza karane hetu isa graMtha kA adhyayana atyanta Avazyaka hai| karma paraNANaoM dvArA AtmA ke pariNAmoM kA digdarzana jisa gaNita dvArA prabodhita kiyA jAtA hai, usa gaNita kI rUparekhA kA vizeSa dUrI taka isa graMtha meM paricaya karAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra yaha graMtha aneka graMthoM ko bhalIbhAMti samajhane hetu suDar3ha AdhAra banatA hai| tiloyapaNNattI ke gaNitIya vaiziSTyoM ko nimna binduoM ke antargata saMyojita kiyA jA sakatA hai : mApana paddhati : khagolIya graMtha hone ke kAraNa kSetra kI mApa kI sUkSmatama ikAI kI AvazyakatA ke sAtha hI loka kI mApa batAne hetu vizAla saMkhyAoM evaM ikAIyoM kI AvazyakatA pdd'ii| vividha mApoM ke paraspara sambaddha hone tathA vividha prakAra kI jIvarAziyoM kI Ayu Adi spaSTa karane hetu kAla kI ikAIyoM ko bhI paribhASita karanA par3A hai|

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dArzanika gaNitajJa AcArya yativRSabha kI kucha gaNitIya nirUpaNAyeM 311 kSetramAna paramANu se prAraMbha hokara yojana aura jagata zreNI taka jAte haiM aura kAlamAna sUkSmatama yUniTa 'samaya' se prAraMbha hokara acalAtma [ = 84x1031 x 1090 varSa] taka jAte haiM / isake bAda asaMkhyAta yA upamA-mAna Ate haiM / inakA vivaraNa anyatra upalabdha hai| yahI nahIM, dhavalA (816 I0) meM jina laghuguNaka (logarithms) ke sUtroM kA pallavana arddhaccheda evaM vargazalAkA ke rUpa meM huA hai, unake bIja isa graMtha meM vidyamAna haiN| bar3I saMkhyAoM ko sUkSma rUpa meM vyakta karane meM arddhaccheda evaM vargazalAkAyeM bahuta upayogI haiM / yadi 2deg = b, to ke arddhaccheda hoMge arthAt loge b = 4, evaM yadi 220 = b, to b kI vargazalAkA va hogI arthAt loga log2 b = a vizAla saMkhyAoM ko laghu rUpa meM vyakta karane kI isa rIti ke atirikta, vizAla rAziyoM ko vyakta karane kI eka anya rIti, vagita saMgita ke rUpa meM bhI upalabdha hai| isake antargata jaba kisI rAzi para usI rAzi kI ghAta car3hA dI jAtI hai, to isa rIti ko vagita saMgita kahate haiN| udAharaNArtha, [22] 2 kA dvitIya vargitata saMgita = 22 = [22] saMkhyA siddhAnta-karma saMbaMdhI vividha ghaTanAoM ke parimANAtmaka nirvacana hetu AcArya ne anantoM sahita saMkhyAoM ke 21 bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyaa| saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta evaM ananta ke rUpa meM kiye gaye isa vibhAjana kA eka viziSTa pahala IsA kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM meM saMkhyAta evaM ananta ke madhya meM asaMkhyAta kI avadhAraNA tathA ananta se baDe ananta kA sthira karanA hai| graMtha meM vibhinna prakAra kI rAziyoM ke udAharaNa evaM prApta karane kI vidhiyAM bhI dI haiN| __ jyAmitIya sUtra-paramparAnumodita loka saMracanA kA graMtha hone ke kAraNa isameM loka ke vividha kSetroM, parvatoM kA kSetraphala, vividha prakAra ke sAMdroM kA dhanaphala nikAlane ke prakaraNa anekazaH Aye haiN| graMtha meM anekAneka prakAra kI AkRtiyoM ke kSetraphala, vRttAkAra AkRtiyoM kI paridhi, vANa, jIvA Adi jJAta karane ke sUtra upalabdha haiN| sarasvatI ke zabdoM meM triloka prajJapti ke pahale cAra mahAdhikAra gaNitIya sUtroM ke bhaMDAra haiN| loka ko veSThita karane vAle vividha sphAna sadRza AkRtiyoM, kSetroM se yukta vAtavalayoM kA Ayatana, unakA Topological defarmation kara, dhanAdi rUpa meM lAkara jJAta kiyA gayA hai| yaha vidhi aitihAsika dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai| isa graMtha meM anupAta ke siddhAnta kA bhI vyApaka prayoga huA hai / tiloyapaNNattI meM jambUdvIpa kA vyAsa 100000 yojana tathA paridhi 316227 yojana, 3 koza, 23213 128 daNDa, 1 vitasti, 1 aMgula, 3 avasannAsanna 21 kha kha...... diyA gayA hai| 105409 graMtha ke anusAra yaha dRSTivAda se uddhRta sUkSmatama mAna hai| yaha gaNanA paridhi=/10 vyAsa sUtra se kI gaI batAI gayI hai| kintu yadi / 10 kA vAstavika mAna lekara isakI gaNanA kI jAye, to paridhi kA mAna kucha kama prApta hotA hai| kyA yaha truTi hai ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna karate hue pro. guptA ne sthira kiyA ki yaha parikalana, /N=/a+x= a + jahA~ x< 2 4 lagabhaga mAna ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai|

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312 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa tiloyapaNNattI meM prayukta katipaya pramukha karaNa sUtra nimna haiN| yadi vRtta kI paridhi, 2, vRtta kI jIbA, 6, vRtta khaMDa ke cApa kI lambAI, 5, vRtta khaMDa kI UMcAI (vANa), h, vRtta ko trijyA, 7, vRtta kA vyAsa, d, vRtta kA kSetraphala, 4, hai, to 1. lambavRttIya belana kA Ayatana =/1072h 2. lamba prijma ke chinnaka Ayatana =AdhAra kA kSetraphala x prijma kI UMcAI (yahA~ AdhAra kA kSe.10 = mukha bhUmi x donoM satahoM ke madhya lamba dUrI) 3. vRtta kI paridhi (P)=/2x10 4. vRtta ke caturthAMza kI jIvA kA varga=272 2 6. vRtta khaMDa kA cApa = = [2{{d+h) - d]112 5. vRtta kI jIvA = = = [ (1)-(-)]" 7. vRtta khaMDa kI U~cAI =h= [ ] 8. vRtta khaMDa kA kSetraphala = = =+/10 9. zaMkha (Conch) AkRti kA Ayatana = [ (vistAra) - ( mukha) + ( mukha)]x spaSTataH yativRSabha ne ga kA jaina paramparAnumodita sthUla mAna 3 tathA sUkSma mAna / 10 svIkAra kiyA hai| pratIkAtmakatA-tiloyapaNNattI meM yatra-tatra aneka bIja rUpa pratIkoM kA prayoga huA hai| isakI aneka saMdRSTiyoM (pratIkoM) kA Azaya na samajha pAne ke kAraNa ve adyAvadhi aparibhASita haiN| ina pratIkoM kA ativikasita rUpa hameM ToDaramala ke arthasaMdRSTi adhikAroM meM dekhane ko milatA hai| isa graMtha meM riNa ke lie 'ri' evaM 1, mUla ke lie 'mU', jagazreNI ke lie '-', jaga pratara ke lie '=', dhana loka ke lie '=', rajju ke lie 'ra', palya ke lie 'pa', sucyaMgula utseghAMgula ke lie '2', Avali ke lie '2', pratarAMgula ke lie '4', dhanAMgula ke lie '6', guNA ke lie '' pratIkoM kA prayoga huA hai / prakaraNoM ke sAtha pratIkoM ke artha meM parivartana aneka asuvidhAoM ko bhI janma detA hai| zreNI vyavahAra gaNita-graMtha meM vyApaka rUpa se samAntara evaM guNottara zreNiyoM kI carcA hai| vibhinna sthaloM para zreNiyoM ke mukha (First Term), caya, gaccha, sarvadhana (Sum of n Terms) nikAlane ke sUtra evaM tatsambandhI udAharaNa diye haiN| kucha navIna prakAra kI zreNiyoM kI bhI carcA hai| isa graMtha meM samAntara zreNI ke lie nimnalikhita sUtra upalabdha haiM :17 I sn = [2a+(n-1) a] IId - -, 1Page #462
4 / dArzanika gaNitajJa AcArya yativRSabha kI kucha gaNitIya nirUpaNAyeM 313 / sandarbha 1. nemicandra jaina, zAstrI, tIrthakara mahAvIra evaM unakI AcArya paramparA, 2, a. bhA. di. jaina vidvat pariSad, sAgara, 1974, pR. 85, 77-78, 87. L.C. Jain, Exact Sciences from Jaina Sources, Vol. I, Rajasthan Prakrita Bharti Sansthan, Jaipur, 1982. 3. lakSmIcandra jaina, tiloyapaNNattI evaM usakA gaNita, antargata tiloyapaNNattI, bhA. di, jaina mahAsabhA, koTA, 1984, pR. 49-68 / 4. tiloyapaNNati 1/131, 132, 5/280-81. 5. vahI 4/310-312. 6. Geometry in Ancient & Medieval India, P. 76. 7. R. C. Gupta, Circumference of Jambudvipa in Jaina Cosmography. I. J. H. S. 10 (1). 1975, PP. 38-44. 8. tiloyapaNNattI, 1/116 / 13. vahI, 4/1801 9. vahI, 1/1651 14. vahI, 4/1811 10. vahI, 4/6 / 15. vahI, 4/23741 11. vahI, 4/170 / 16. vahI, 5/3191 / 12. vahI, 4/1801 17. vahI. 2/58-1051

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khaMDa 5 itihAsa evaM purAtattva

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* baMdho krodha ! vidheti kicidaparaM svasyAdhivAsAspadaM / bhrAtar mAna ! bhavAnApi pracalatuM tvaM devi mAye, vraja // haM ho lobha sakhe ! yathAbhilaSitaM gaccha dutaM vazyatAM / nItaH zAMtarasasya saMprati lasadvAcA gurUNAmahaM // - subhASita svargasukhAni parokSANi, atyaMtaparokSameva pratyakSaM prazamasukhaM, na paravazaM na ca mokSasukhaM / vyayaprAptaM // A0 umAsvAti jaha gavi sakkamaNajjo, aNajjabhAsaM viNA du gAheDhuM / taha vavahAreNa viNA, paramatthuvadesaNa masakkaM // - kuMdakuMdAcArya

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mithilA aura jainamata DA. upendra ThAkura magadha vizvavidyAlaya, bodhagayA bauddhadharma ke itihAsa meM mithilA (uttara vihAra) kI jo mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA rahI hai, vahI jainadharma ke itihAsa meM bhI rahI hai / isa deza meM mithilA jaise kama kSetra haiM jinheM bauddhoM aura jainiyoM-donoM kA eka-sA sammAna prApta huA ho / jainiyoM ke caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra vaizAlI ke hI eka sambhrAnta parivAra meM paidA hue the aura unhoMne jIvana ke prArambhika varSa vahIM bitAye the| vaizAlI prAcIna kAla meM mithilA kA hI eka abhinna aMga thI, kintu kheda kI bAta yaha hai ki brAhmaNa granthoM aura paramparAoM meM vaizAlI kI upekSA kI gayI hai aura hindU dharma ke itihAsa meM kahIM bhI aisI koI mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA kA ullekha nahIM hai jo isa kSetra se sambandhita ho| prasiddha cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga jaba sAtavIM zatAbdI meM yahA~ AyA thA, to usane isa sthAna meM aneka dhvaMsAvaziSTa hindU mandira, bauddha maTha aura jaina pratiSThAna dekhe the jahA~ kAphI saMkhyA meM nigraMnya saMnyAsI nivAsa karate the| Azcarpa to yaha hai ki isake bAvajUda bhI Adhunika kAla meM pAvApurI athavA campA (bhAgalapura) ko bhAMti vaizAlI na to jainiyoM kA tIrtha-sthala hI bana sakI aura na hI kisI ne aba taka yahA~ jaina purAtAtvika avazeSoM ko khoja karane ko hI ceSTA kI hai / purAtattvavidoM ne to isa dizA meM ghora udAsInatA dikhAyI hai / unhoMne Aja taka hvenasAMga-jaise bauddha yAtriyoM ke dvArA prastuta vivaraNoM tathA bauddha granthoM meM varNita bauddha tIrtha-sthaloM evaM purAtAtvika avazeSoM kI khoja meM ho apanA samaya lagAyA hai aura jana pakSa ko ghora upekSA kI hai| aba taka basAr3ha (vaizAlI) ko jainadharma kI janma-sthalI siddha karane meM hI ve lage rahe jabaki isake samarthana meM hameM paryApta sAhityika sAkSya milate haiM jo apane Apa meM pUrNa mAne jA sakate haiN| prastuta nibandha meM hama una purAtAtvika evaM sAhityika sAkSyoM para vicAra kareMge jinase mithilA (uttara bihAra) meM jainadharma ke utthAna aura vikAsa para prakAza par3atA hai / . bhArata ke itihAsa meM vaizAlI kA sthAna eka zaktizAlI evaM suniyojita gaNataMtra aura dhArmika AndolanoM ke eka atyanta mahatvapUrNa kendra ke rUpa meM kAphI U~cA hai / licchavi gaNataMtra kI pavitra bhUmi tathA videha gaNarAjya kI rAjadhAnI-vaizAlI-bhagavAn mahAvIra kI pavitra janmabhUmi ke rUpa meM chaThI sadI I0 pUrva meM hamAre samakSa AtI hai / unake pitA siddhArtha jJAtaka vaMza ke pradhAna the aura unakI patnI kA nAma trizalA thA jo vaizAlI ke rAjA cetaka kI bahana thii| use 'vaidehI' athavA 'videhadattA' bhI kahate haiM kyoMki vaha videha (mithilA) ke rAjavaMza kI tho| isIlie mahAvIra 'videha', 'vaidehadattA', videhajAtye' tathA 'videhasukumAra ke nAma se bhI vikhyAta hai| ve vaizAlika to the hii| phalataH mahAvIra jahA~ eka ora vaizAlo ke nivAsI (pita-pakSa se) the, vahIM dUsarI ora videha athavA mithilA ke nAgarika (mAtR-pakSa se) bhI the| yahI kAraNa hai ki mahAvIra para mithilA kA adhikAra kahIM adhika thA, kyoMki unake vyaktitva evaM caritra-nirmANa meM isa ko sarvAdhika dena thI, jisake phalasvarUpa kucha hI varSoM meM jainamata tathA AdhyAtmika anuzAsana evaM saMnyAsa ke pramukha kendra ke rUpa meM vaizAlo ko khyAti samasta uttara bhArata meM phailii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke atirikta, bArahaveM tIrthakara vAsupUjya kA bhI campApura (bhAgalapura, jo usa samaya videha kA hI aMga thA) meM nirvANa prApta huA thA tathA ikkIsaveM tIrthakara naminAtha kA janma bhI mithilA meM hI huA thaa| svaya mahAvIra ne vaizAlI meM bAraha tathA mithilA meM chaha varSA-vAsa bitAye the| . 40

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318 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha khaNDa isI prakAra buddha ke jIvana-kAla meM bhI licchavi, malla tathA kAzI-kosala ke rAjya hI mahAvIra tathA anya nirgrantha anuyAyiyoM ke kArya-kSetra the / bauddha-granthoM se bhI yaha jJAta hotA hai ki rAjagRha, nAlandA, vaizAlI tathA pAvApurI aura sAvatthI (zrAvastI) bhagavAna mahAvIra tathA unake anayAyiyoM ke samasta dhArmika kAryoM ke kSetra the| yahI kAraNa hai ki vaizAlI meM mahAvIra ke bahuta se licchavi aura videha samarthaka the / unake kucha anuyAyo samAja ke kAphI ucca varga ke the / "vinayapiTaka' ke anusAra, licchavi senApati 'siMha' pahale mahAvIra ke anuyAyI the, bAda meM bauddha ho gye| pAMca sau licchaviyoM kI sabhA meM saccaka nAma ke eka nigaNTha (nirgrantha) ne baddha ko dArzanika siddhAntoM ko carcA karate samaya canautI dI tho| bauddha granthoM meM prApta aneka dRSTAntoM se patA calatA hai ki buddha ke samaya meM vaizAlI aura videha ke nAgarikoM para mahAvIra kA kitanA adhika prabhAva thaa| jainiyoM kA mata hai ki videha athavA mithilA bho jaina Arya dezoM kA hI eka abhinna aMga thI kyoMki yahIM titthayaroM, gavakavaTThiyoM, baladevoM aura vAsudevoM kA janma huA thA, yahI siddhi milI thI aura unake upadezoM ke phalasvarUpa ina kSetroM ke aneka nAgarikoM ne saMnyAsa lekara jJAna-prApti kI thii| isa prakAra bhArata ke dhArmika kSetra meM vaizAlI kI khyAti bahuta pahale hI phaila cukI thI aura mahAvIra dvArA dIkSita vahA~ ke dharmopadezaka apanI sadAcArita evaM AnuzAsanika kaTTaratA ke phalasvarUpa tatkAlIna samAja meM dUra-dUra taka khyAti prApta kara cuke the / vaizAlI kI isI khyAti ke phalasvarUpa 'gurU' kI khoja meM siddhArtha (bodhisatva) vahA~ pahu~ce the aura vahAM ke khyAtilabdha sAdhaka AlAra-kalAma se dIkSita hue the / AlAra-kalAma ke sambandha meM aisI janazruti hai ki "vaha apanI sAdhanA meM itane Age bar3ha cake the ki mArga para baiThe rahane para yadi 500 bailagADiyAM unake bagala se gajara jAtIM. to bhI unakI nahIM suna paate|" zrImatI rija DeviDsa kA to aisA mata hai ki vaizAlo meM hI buddha ko do 'gurU' mile-AlAra tathA uddaka / inakI zikSA se prabhAvita hokara unhoMne apanA dhArmika jIvana eka jaina kI bhA~ti prArambha kiyaa| eka jainI ke rUpa meM atyanta kaThora anuzAsanita jIvana vyatIta karane ke phalasvarUpa unake svAsthya para bahuta burA prabhAva par3A aura unhoMne jaina-mArga tyAgakara madhyama-mArga apanAyA aura zIghra hI unheM jJAna kI prApti haI / yahI mArga bAda meM calakara bauddhamata kI AdhAra-zilA banA / phalataH yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki bauddhadharma ke utthAna aura vikAsa ke bahata pUrva se hI vaMzAlI aura videha (mithilA) jainadharma ke pramukha kendra ke rUpa meM kAphI khyAta ho cuke the| mahAvIra aura buddha ke samaya uttarI bhArata kI sAmAjika aura dhArmika nIti eka-sI thii| jAti-vyavasthA, janma-suvidhAoM kA durupayoga tathA dharma ke kSetra meM brAhmaNoM kA ekAdhikAra-inake phalasvarUpa jisa nayo saMsthA (purohitavAda) kA janma huA thA, vaha samAja ke aMga-aMga ko apane khUkhAra caMgula meM jakar3a cukI thii| usase mukta hone ke lie sAmAnyajana chaTapaTA rahe the| ThIka, usI samaya janaka, videha aura yAjJavalkya-jaise upaniSada-yugIna krAntikArI RSiyoM aura dArzanikoM ne isa 'purohitavAda' para bhayaMkara AghAta kiyA, usakI ghora bhatsanA kii| phalasvarUpa brAhmaNadharma ke kSetra meM eka nayo krAnti Ayo, yajJa tathA dharma ke nAma para sadiyoM se phailI kurItiyoM ko bhayaMkara AghAta phuNcaa| ThIka isI samaya mahAbIra bhI bhArata ke dhArmika kSitija para avatarita hue|" brAhmaNa RSiyoM aura dArzanikoM dvArA calAye gaye isa dhArmika Andolana ke phalasvarUpa, kucha sAdhAraNa parivartanoM ke sAtha pArzvanAtha ke dharma kA pracAraprasAra karane kA mahAbIra ko vilakSaNa saMyoga prApta huaa| unhoMne isa bAta para jora diyA ki manuSya ko zAnti aura sahAyatA ke lie kahIM aura dekhane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, vaha usakA nidAna apane andara hI DhUMr3ha sakatA hai| unake upadeza itane prabhAvotpAdaka the ki brAhmaNoM ke eka varga ne bhI mahAn zikSaka ke rUpa meM unakA sammAna kiyA, unheM 2 / vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki buddhijIvI brAhmaNoM ne samaya-samaya para jainiyoM ko bhI vaisI hI sahAyatA kI. jisa prakAra unhoMne bauddhoM kI sahAyatA kI thI aura vidyA ke kSetra meM unakI preraNA se jainiyoM kI pratiSThA ko kAphI

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mithilA aura jainamata 319 vala milA thaa| kintu prArambha meM jAti-vyavasthA ke phalasvarUpa utpanna kurItiyoM ke viruddha AvAja uThAne ke kAraNa jainadharma kI lokapriyatA samAja ke nirdhana tathA nimna vargoM meM uttarottara bar3hatI gyii| mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM cAhe brAhmaNa hoM athavA zUdra, ucca varga kA ho athavA nimna varga kA-sabhI samAna the| unake anusAra koI bhI vyakti janma se nahIM, apitu sukAryoM evaM sadguNoM se brAhmaNa hotA hai| cANDAla bhI apanI pratibhA aura sadkAryoM dvArA samAja meM uccatama sthAna prApta kara sakatA hai| brAhmaNadharma ko bhAMti hI jainadharma AtmA ke sthAnAntaraNa aura punarjanma ke bandhana se mukti meM vizvAsa karatA hai| kintu, isake liye brAhmaNadharma meM jisa saMyama aura tapasyA kI avasthA hai, use vaha nahIM maantaa| sUkSma dRSTi se dekhane para donoM meM antara bahuta kama hai aura vaha bhI bahuta kucha jAti-vyavasthA ke prati donoM dharmoM ke dRSTikoNa se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| mahAbIra ne vAstava meM na to jAti-vyavasthA kA virodha kiyA aura na hI usase sambandhita sabhI bAtoM ko svIkAra kiyaa| unakA kahanA thA ki pUrvajanma ke pracche yA bure kAryoM ke phalasva kisI manuSya kA janma U~cI athavA nIcI jAtiyoM meM hotA hai, kintu vaha apane pavitra AcaraNa aura prema dvArA AdhyA. tmikatA ko prApta kara nirvANa ke antima sopAna taka pahu~ca sakatA hai / mahAbaura ke anusAra jAti-vyavasthA to paristhitigata hai aura kisI bhI AdhyAtmika vyakti ke liye isake bandhana ko sadA ke liye tor3a denA AsAna hai| IzvarIya avadAna kisI sampradAya-vizeSa, athavA saMgha-vizeSa kA ekAdhikAra nahIM hai aura isa dRSTi se nara va nArI meM koI antara nahIM hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki eka ora jahA~ bauddhoM aura brAhmaNa dArzanikoM meM lagabhaga eka sado taka dArzanika vAgyuddha calatA rahA, vahIM dUsarI ora jainiyoM ke prati brAhmaNa apekSAkRta adhika udAra aura saMvedanazIla rhe| yaha sahI hai ki jaina aura brAhmaNa dArzanikoM ne eka dUsare ke matoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai, kintu yaha AlocanA mAtra prasaMgavaza jAna par3atI hai, na ki suniyojita rUpa meM eka dUsare ke siddhAntoM kA khaNDana karane ke lie| isIlie unakI bhASA meM kahIM kaTatA athavA ugratA ke bhAva nahIM dikhAyI par3ate / mahAbIra ne apane anuyAyiyoM ko pUrva-mImAMsA kA adhyayana karane ke lie utsAhita kiyA thA, tAki ve dArzanika vAda-vivAda meM sahI-sahI DhaMga se tarka upasthita kara skeN| bauddha granthoM ke anusAra nigrantha muniyoM aura unake anuyAyiyoM meM kaI aise dArzanika the jo apanI pratibhA ke kAraNa kAphI prakhyAta the|6| madhyakAlIna tarka-zAstra vastutaH jaina aura bauddha naiyAyikoM ke hAtha meM thA aura lagabhaga eka hajAra varSoM taka (I0 pU0 600 se 400 I0 taka) dharma tathA AtmatattvajJAna se sambandhita vibhinna siddhAntoM ke nirUpaNa tathA vyAkhyA meM ye dArzanika lage rahe, yadyapi inake granthoM meM tarka-zAstra kA ullekha yadA-kadA hI milatA hai| lagabhaga 400 I0 aura usake bAda se inhoMne tarka-zAstra ke vibhinna pakSoM kA gambhIra adhyayana prArambha kiyA aura yahI kAraNa hai ki tarkazAstra se sambandhita jitane bhI jaina aura bauddha grantha upalabdha hai, ve cauthI sadI I0 ke bAda ke haiN| AThabIM zatAbdI meM zvetAmbara sampradAya ke adhikAMza naiyAyikoM kA kAryakSetra ujjayinI' (mAlavA) tathA ballabhI (gujarAta) meM thA jabaki digambara sampradAya ke naiyAyikoM ke kArya-kalApa pATaliputra aura dravir3a (karnATaka sahita) kSetroM meM sImita the| siddhasena dibAkara praNIta 'nyAyAvatAra' (lagabhaga 533 I0) ko jaina-nyAya kA prathama vaijJAnika tathya sambaddha grantha mAnA jA sakatA hai, jabaki madhyakAlIna tarkazAstra (nyAyazAstra) ke vAstavika saMsthApaka bauddha naiyAyika hI the| ____ isI samaya pATaliputra meM digambara jaina naiyAyika vidyAnanda (800 I0) hue the jinhoMne 'AptamImAMsA' para 'AptamImAMsAlaMkRti' ('aSThasahasroM') nAma kI eka vizad TIkA likhI thii| isameM sAMkhya, yoga, vaizeSika, advaita. momAMsaka tathA saugata, tathAgata athavA bauddha darzana kI kaTu AlocanA kI gayI hai| vidyAnanda ne isa prasaMga meM dignAga, udyotakara, ghamaMkIti, prajJAkara, zabarasvAmI, prabhAkara tathA kumArila kI bhI carcA kI hai| unake uttaravartI jaina naiyAyikoM ne apane granthoM meM hindU tathA bauddha dArzanikoM ke siddhAntoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai /

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320 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa usa samaya bauddha, jaina aura brAhmaNa naiyAyikoM meM nirantara dArzanika vAda-vivAda hote rahate the| bauddha aura brAhmaNa naiyAyikoM ke bIca kabhI-kabhI to yaha vivAda bahuta hI ugra ho jAtA thA para jaina aura brAhmaNa dArzanikoM ke bIca isa prakAra kI kaTutA kabhI bhI utpanna nahIM hotI thii| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki zramaNa-muni (jaina) tathA vaidika RSi itihAsa ke prArambha se ho eka sAtha apane-athane kSetra meM kArya karate rahe, yadyapi unake AdazoM aura kArya-praNAlI meM bhinnatA rhii| yaha sahI hai ki kabhI-kabhI donoM pakSoM ke bIca pratispardhA aura asahiSNutA tIvra ho uThatI kyoMki unake Adarza bahata hada taka eka dUsare se bhinna the, phira bhI sAmAnya janoM meM unakI pratiSThA banI rhii| isake pariNAmasvarUpa zanaiH zanaiH ye donoM zabda 'RSi' aura 'muni'-eka dUsare ke paryAyavAcI ho gye| aura, eka samaya aisA bhI AyA jaba zramaNa muniyoM ne yaha dAvA kiyA ki vAstava meM ve hI sacce brAhmaNa hai22 / isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki ye dArzanika vAda-vivAda, bhAratIya darzana ke lie amUlya varadAna siddha hue jisake phalasvarUpa bhAratIya tarkazAstra kA asAdhAraNa vikAsa evaM pracAra huaa| yadyapi kisI azoka athavA harSavardhana dvArA jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra nahIM kiyA gayA, phira bhI aise kaI zAsakoM ke dRSTAnta hamAre sAmane haiM jinhoMne isa dharma ko svIkAra kara liyA thaa| jaina sUtroM ke anusAra pArzvanAtha kAzInareza azvasena ke putra the| 'sUtrakRtAMga' aura anya jaina granthoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki rAjagharAnoM meM pArzvanAtha kA kAphI prabhAva thA aura mahAvIra ke samaya meM bhI magadha tathA AsapAsa ke kSetroM meM bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM unake anuyAyI the23 / svayaM mahAvIra kA parivAra bhI pArzvanAtha kA hI anuyAyI thaa| chaThI sadI I0 pUrva meM jaba mahAvIra ne jaina saMgha meM sudhAra kiye, to unheM pArzvanAtha ke ina anuyAyiyoM ko santuSTa kara apane naye saMzodhita samudAya meM sammilita hone ke liye kAphI prayAsa karanA par3A thaa| pArzvanAtha kI bhAMti hI mahAvIra kA bhI sambandha rAjavaMzoM se thaa| tatkAlIna SoDaza mahAjanapada meM jo 'aTU kula' (aSTakula) the, unameM videha, licchavi, jJAtrika tathA bajji vaMzoM kA pramukha sthAna thaa| isake atirikta, jaina sUtroM meM aise bahuta sAkSya haiM jinase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jainamata meM videhoM kI kAphI ruci thii| mithilA ke janaka rAjavaMza ke saMsthApaka nimi (nAmi athavA nemi) ke bAre meM jaina sUtroM meM aisA ullekha AyA hai ki unhoMne jaina dharma ko svIkAra kara liyA thaa| isake atirikta, mahAvIra ne mithilA meM chaha varSA-vAsa bitAye the / vAstavikatA cAhe jo bhI ho, itanA to avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki mithilA meM kama se kama eka varga to aisA thA jo mahAvIra kA ananya bhakta thaa| prAcIna aMga (Adhunika bhAgalapura jo prAcIna bhArata meM videha kA hI eka aMga thA) kI rAjadhAnI campA bhI jaina-kAryakalApoM kA eka pramukha kendra thI jahA~ mahAvIra ne tIna varSA-vAsa' kiye the / 'uvaasgdsaaoN'| se hameM jJAta hotA hai ki mahAvIra ke ziSya sudharmana-jo unake nirvANa ke pazcAt jaina samudAya ke pradhAna hue26-ke samaya meM campA meM puNNabhadda (pUrNabhadra) mandira kA nirmANa kiyA gayA thaa| kahate haiM, kuNika ajAtazatru ke zAsana-kAla meM sudhamana kA isa nagara meM padArpaNa huA thA aura gaNadhara ke darzana ke lie svayaM ajAtazatru naMge pAMva nagara se bAhara unakA svAgata karane gayA thaa| bAda meM sudharmana ke uttarAdhikAriyoM ne bhI isa nagara kA bhramaNa kiyaa"| ataH isa kathana meM koI atyakti nahIM ki vaizAlI ke licchaviyoM kI sahAyatA ke phalasvarUpa mahAvIra ko sabhI dizAoM se samarthana milA aura dekhate-dekhate jainadharma kA prabhAva isa samaya ke pramukha zaktizAlI rAjyoM-sauvIra, aMga, vatsa, avanti, videha (mithilA) aura magadha meM uttarottara bar3hatA gyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddha granthoM meM vaizAlI kI kAphI carcA ke bAvajUda bhI, cetaka kA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| jaikobI kA yaha kathana sahI jAna par3atA hai ki bauddhoM ne usakI upekSA jAnabUjha kara kI hai / usane apane pratidvandviyoM (jainiyoM) kI samRddhi meM adhika abhiruci nahIM dikhaayo| kintu jainiyoM ne apane tIrthakara ke usa

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mithilA aura jainamata 321 nikaTa sambandhI tathA saMrakSaka (cetaka) kI yatra-tatra sasammAna carcA kI hai| yaha unhIM ke athaka prayAsa kA phala thA ki vaizAlI usa samaya jainadharma kA pramukha kendra thI jisake phalasvarUpa bauddha saMnyAsI use heya dRSTi se dekhate the / jaina sUtroM se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki videhoM aura licchaviyoM kI bhA~ti malla bhI mahAvIra ke ananya bhakta the| 'kalpasUtra ke anusAra 'parama jina' ke nirvANa ke avasara para licchaviyoM kI bhAMti malloM ne bhI upavAsa vrata rakhA aura sarvatra dIpa jalAye / 'antagaDadsAo' meM bhI isa bAta kI vizad carcA kI gayI hai ki bAisaveM tIrthakara ariTemi athavA ariSTanemi (videha rAjA) ke bAravai-Agamana para ugroM, mogoM, kSatriyoM tathA licchaviyoM ke sAtha malla bhI unakA svAgata karane gaye the| isI prakAra kAzI tathA kosala gaNarAjyoM meM bhI jainadharma kI lokapriyatA thI aura bimbasAra, nanda, candragupta maurya, samprati, khAravela Adi ke samAna anya kaI zAsaka isa dharma se kAphI sambandhita the / guptakAla meM jainadharma ke itihAsa meM eka bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA ghttii| isI yuga meM jainiyoM ke dhArmika evaM anya sAhitya kA saMgraha aura sampAdana huA thaa| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki jainI karoba-karIba samasta bhArata meM isa samaya taka phaila cuke the| sAtha hI, chaThI zatAbdI aura usake bAda ke abhilekhoM meM jaina sampradAoM ko kAphI carcA milatI hai| hvenasAMga ne bhI apane vivaraNa meM likhA hai ki jainadharma bhArata meM to phaila hI cukA thA, usake bAhara bhI usakA prabhAva dhIre-dhIre phaila rahA thaa| lekina terahavIM caudahavIM zatAbdI taka Ate-Ate hama dekhate haiM ki uttara bihAra (mithilA) aura usake Asa-pAsa ke kSetra meM jainadharma aura bauddhadharma kA kAphI hAsa ho cukA thaa| terahavIM sadI ke svanAmadhanya tibbatI bauddha yAtrI dharmasvAmI ke vivaraNa meM kahIM bhI bauddhoM aura jainoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA / usane tirahata (mithilA) ko "bauddha-vihIna rAjya" kahA hai / 29 sAhityika sAkSyoM ke atirikta pUre uttarI bhArata meM jaina kalA aura sthApatya kalA ke paryApta avazeSa mile haiM / sthApatya kalA ko jainiyoM kI jo dena hai, usakI tulanA kisI se nahIM kI jA sktii| yadyapi bihAra meM jaina kalAkRtiyAM paryApta saMkhyA meM milI haiM, phira bhI uttara bihAra (mithilAMcala) meM unakI saMkhyA vahuta hI kama hai, isaliye isa kSetra kI jaina kalA kA sambaddha itihAsa prastuta karanA bar3A hI kaThina hai| sabase Azcarya kI bAta to yaha hai ki vaizAlI kSetra meM bhI jaina kalA-kRtiyoM ke avazeSa upalabdha nahIM hai / smitha mahodaya ke anusAra 1892 I0 meM baniyA grAma se 500 gaja pazcima jamIna meM lagabhaga 8 phITa nIce gar3I huI tIrthakaroM kI do mUrtiyA~-eka baiTho aura dUsarI khar3IprApta huI thiiN| kintu blAka mahodaya ne isako prAmANikatA para sandeha prakaTa kiyA hai38 : gairika mahodaya ne32 bhI una mUrtiyoM kI carcA karate hue kahA hai ki jaba vaha usa gAMva meM pahuMce, to itanI rAta ho cukI thI ki aMdhere meM una mUrtiyoM kA sahI-saho adhyayana aura mUlyAMkana sambhava nahIM thaa| kintu sAhityika sAkSya isase bhinna haiN| jaina sAhitya meM vaizAlI-sthita aneka jaina kalAkRtiyoM ke prasaMga milate haiN| jaina grantha uvAsagaDa-dasAoM33 se jJAta hotA hai ki jaina jJAtrikoM ne apane kolAga-sthita kSetra meM eka jainamandira banavAyA thA jise 'caiya' kahA gayA hai / isakA artha hai 'mandira' athavA 'pavitra sthAna' jahA~ para udyAna athavA pArka (ujjaAna', 'vanasaNDa' yA 'vana-khaNDa), mandira tathA sevaka-gRha ho| vahIM kuNDapura meM mahAvIra yadA-kadA apane ziSyoM ke sAtha Akara vizrAma karate the / 34 bauddha paramparAoM kI bhAMti hI , jaina-paramparAoM meM bhI tIthaMkaroM (jina) kI samAdhi para stUpa-nirmANa kI prathA thii| isI koTi kA eka stUpa jina muni-suvrata kI samAdhi para vaizAlI meM banA thA aura dUsarA mathurA meM supArzvanAtha kaa| jainadharma meM stUpa-pUjA kI pradhAnatA thii| vaizAlI-sthita ukta stUpa kA ullekha karate hue "AvazyakacUNi" meM 'pAriNAmikI buddhi' kI vyAkhyA ke sandarbha meM 'zubha' kI kathA dI hai jisase yaha spaSTa hai ki niyukti' ke lekhaka

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322 50 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa ko vaizAlI sthita muni-suvrata stUpa kI pUrI jAnakArI thii| kauzAmbI aura vaizAlI meM jo utkhanana hue haiM, unase patA calatA hai ki tathAkathita 'nArthanaM blaka paoNlisDa veyara' vibhinna raMgoM meM upalabdha thA aura kabhI-kabhI citrita bhI kiyA jAtA thaa| yadyapi hameM isa takanIka athavA zailI kA nizcita udbhava-sthala jJAta nahIM hai, phira bhI purAtatvavidoM kA aisA anumAna hai ki sambhavataH isa zailI kI utpatti aura vikAsa magadha meM hI huA thaa| 'mahAparinivvANasutta' meM jisa 'bahuputtikA-cetiyam' kI carcA kI gayI hai, sambhavataH vaha vizAlA (vaizAlI) aura mithilA-sthita vahI caitya hai jisakA ullekha jaina 'bhagavatI' aura 'vipAka' sUtroM meM kiyA gayA hai| yaha 'caitya' hArIti nAma kI devI ko samarpita kiyA gayA thA jisakI bAda meM bauddhoM ne devI ke rUpa meM pUjA Arambha kI / 'aupapAtika sUtra' meM jisa pUrNabhadra caitya kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, adhikAMza bauddha cetiya athavA caitya usI ke anurUpa the / hoenalene 'cetiya' kI jo vyAkhyA kI hai, usakI puSTi 'aupapAtikasUtra' meM pUrNabhadra caitya ke varNana se ho jAtI hai| kahate haiM, yaha caitya campA nagara ke uttara-pUrva sthita AmrazAlavana ke udyAna meM thaa| yaha atyanta purAtana (cirAtIta) thA jo prAcIna kAla ke logoM dvArA 'jJAta' mAnya evaM prazaMsita thaa| ise chatra, zaMkha, dhvaja, 'atipatAkA', mayUra-paMkha (lomapatthaga) tathA ghaMToM (vitadikA-vedikA) se susajjita kiyA gayA thaa| isa para cAroM ora sugandhita jala kA siMcana hotA rahatA thA aura caturdika puSpa-mAlAe~ sajI rahato thoN| vibhinna raMgoM aura sugandhi ke phUla bikhere jAte the aura nAnA prakAra kI dhUpabattiyA~ (kAlAgurU, kuMthu, hakka tathA rukka) jalatI rahato thiiN| yahA~ eka-se-eka abhinetA, viDambaka, saMgItajJa, vINAvAdaka Adi Akara apanI kalA kA pradarzana karate the| loga taraha-taraha kA upahAra lekara yahA~ zraddhApUrvaka Ate the| caturdika vizAla vanakhaNDa phailA thA jisake madhya meM eka bahuta bar3A azoka vRkSa (caitya-vRkSa) khar3A thA jisakI zAkhA meM eka 'pRthvo-zilA-paTTa' jur3A huA thaa| kucha samaya pUrva pAlakAlIna kRSNa prastara-nirmita mahAvIra kI eka mUrti vaizAlI meM pAyI gayI thI jo tAlAba ke nikaTa vaizAlI gar3ha ke pazcima-sthita eka Adhunika mandira meM samprati rakho huI hai| yaha mUti aba 'janendra' ke nAma se vikhyAta hai aura deza ke kone-kone se jaina zraddhAlu vaizAlo Akara isako pUjA karate haiM / 36 vaizAlI utkhanana meM prApta eka dUsarI jaina mUrti kA bhI hameM ullekha milatA hai / sAmAnya logoM kA aisA vizvAsa hai ki uttara muMgera-sthita jayamaMgalagar3ha jainiyoM ke kArya-kalApoM kA eka prAcIna kendra thA, para usakI puSTi meM koI bhI Thosa sAhityika athavA purAtAtvika pramANa Ajataka nahIM milA hai| janazruti ke anusAra maurya zAsaka samprati bhI jainadharma kA bahuta bar3A poSaka evaM saMrakSaka thA jisane kaI jaina mandira banavAye the jinake avazeSa durbhAgyavaza aba nahIM milate / prAcIna aMga (Adhunika bhAgalapura jilA, jisake kucha aMza prAcIna kAla meM mithilA ke aMga the) meM hameM jaina kalAkRtiyoM ke kucha avazeSa milate haiN| maMdAra parvata jainiyoM kA bahuta pavitra tIrtha sthala mAnA jAtA hai| yahIM para vArahaveM tIrthaMkara vAsU pUjyanAtha ko nirvANa prApta haA thaa| yahAM kA parvata-zikhara 'jaina sampradAya ke liye atyanta pavitra evaM Adata hai| kahate haiM, yaha bhavana khaMDa zrAvakoM (jainoM) kA thA aura usake eka kamare meM Aja bhI 'caraNa' surakSita rakhA huA hai| isa parvata-zikhara para aura bhI katipaya jaina-avazeSa prApta hue haiM / 38 1961 I0 meM vaizAlI utkhanana meM bhI kucha jaina purAtAtvika avazeSa mile the| bhAgalapura ke nikaTa karNagar3ha pahAr3I meM bhI paryApta jaina avazeSa prApta hue hai| yahA~ ke prAcIna durga ke uttara meM sthita eka jaina bihAra kA bhI prasaMga AyA hai| yadi uttara bihAra ke abataka upekSita kintu mahatvapUrNa prAcIna aitihAsika sthaloM para bar3e paimAne para utkhanana kArya kiye jAyeM, to isameM jarA bhI sandeha nahIM ki ina kSetroM se paryApta saMkhyA meM jaina purAtAtvika avazeSa prakAza meM aayeNge| vAstukalA kI dRSTi se, mithilA meM aisA koI mahatvapUrNa avazeSa abataka prApta nahIM ho pAyA hai| vAstukalA ke adhikAMza avazeSa digambara sampradAya ke ho haiM /

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mithilA aura jainamata 323 sandarbha 1. bi0 e0 smitha, 'inasAiklopeDiyA oNpha rilijana eMDa ethiksa, bhAga-12, pR0 568-68, nyUyArka, 1921 / 2. AcArAMga sUtra, 389 / 3. jaikobI, 'jaina-sUtra', bhAga-2; sI0 je0 zAha, 'jainijma' ina nArtha iMDiyA, pR0 23-24 / 4. 'kalpasUtra' (bI0 sI0 laoN0 sampAdita) pR0 32 / 5. bI0 sI0 lAM, 'mahAvIra', pR07| 6. 'vinayapiTaka', ('saikeDa buksa Apha di IsTa', bhAga-17) pR0 108 / 7. 'majjhimanikAya', 1, 227-37 / 8. 'aguttaranikAya', 2, pR0 190-94 tathA pR. 200-2; 'saMyuta', 5, pR0 389-10; 'aMguttara', 3, pR0 167 / 9. mahAparinivvANa suttanta, 4 / 35 / 10. Ara0 ke0 mukajI, uparivat, pR. 5 / 11. esa0 ena0 dAsaguptA, e hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana philAsaphI, bhAga-1, pR0 20; muni ralaprabhA,vijaya, 'zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra', bhAga-1, khaNDa-1, pR0 5 / 12. 'kalpasUtra (sukhabodhikA TokA), pR0 112, 18 / 13. 'sekreDa buksa oNpha di IsTa, bhAga-22, pR0 213 / 14. sI0 je0 zAha, 'jainijma ina nAthaM iNDiyA', pR0 20 / 15. bI0 sI0 laoN, 'mahAvIra', pR0 44 / 16. 'majjhimanikAya', 11227, 374-75 / 17. esa0 sI0 vidyAbhUSaNa, 'iNDiyana lAjika : meDivala skUla', prastAvanA, pR0 18 / 18. esa0 sI0 vidyAbhUSaNa, 'iNDiyana lAjika : meDivala skUla', prastAvanA, pR0 19 / 19. upendra ThAkura, 'jainijma eNDa buddhijma ina mithilA; adhyAya 3 / 20. aSTasahasrI, adhyAya-1 / 21. eca0 ela0 jaina, uparivat, pR0 21 22. uparivat, pR0 2 / 23. sI0 je0 zAha, uparivat, pR0 82-83 / 24. uparivat, pR0 83-84 / 25. 'uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 9; 61 / 26. 'uvAsagadasAo', (hoenale sampAdita), 2, pR0 2 / 27. sI0 je0 zAha, 'uparivat, pR0 94-95, 322, 11-100, 108-111, 204-16 / 28. ela0 DI0 bArneTa, 'di aMtagaDa-dasAo' tathA 'aNuttarovavAiya-dasAo', pR0 36 / 29. 'vAyogrAphI Apha dharmasvAmin', (jI0 zerika sampAdita), pR0 60 / 30, jarnala Apha di royala eziyATika sosoiTo, 1902, pR0 282 / 31 Akiolojikala sarve Apha iNDiyA, riporTa, 1403-04, 1087 / 32. Arkiolojikala sarve riporTa, bhAga 16, pR0 91 / 33. hAranaile, uparivat, bhAga-1, pR0 2, bhAga 2, pR0 2 / 34. yU0 pI0 zAha, 'sTaDIja ina jaina ArTa, pR0 43-45, 71,55 / 35. yU0 pI0 zAha, uparivat, pR0 9 / 36. upendra ThAkura, sTaDIja ina jainijma eNDa buddhijma ina mithilA, adhyAya 3 / 37. vRhat kalpa-bhASya, bhAga 3, gAthA 3285-89, pR0 717-21 / 38. begalara, Akiyolojikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA, bhAga-3; kurezI, esiyeMTa monyumeMTsa oNpha bihAra eNDa ur3hIsA, (bhAgalapura khnndd)|

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bundelakhaMDa ke jaina tortha : jinamUrti - lekha -vizleSaNa : tIrthakara mAnyatA evaM DaoN0 ena0 ela0 jaina, jaina kendra, rIvA kSetroM meM aise mahApuruSoM kA janma hotA zAnti kI prApti ke liye mArgadarzI evaM vizva ke itihAsa meM sadaiva hI vibhinna rahA hai jinhoMne dukhI mAnava ko sAMsArika evaM AdhyAtmika dRSTi se sukha aura preraka upadeza diye| saMsAra ko samudra kI upamA dekara usakI athAha eva bhayaMkara gaharAI ko pAra karane meM ina upadezoM ne mAnava kI mahAn sevA kI hai / aise vyaktiyoM dvArA upadiSTa mArga dharmatIrtha kahalAyA / ye mahApuruSa jagama tIrtha kahalAte haiM / isake kriyAkalApoM se, paJcakalyANakoM se sambandhita viziSTa sthAna, kSetra va bhUmiyAM sthAvara tIrtha kahalAte haiM / ye sthAvara tIrtha aneka prakAra ke hote haiM aura unheM maMgalamaya mAnA jAtA hai / unakI yAtrA ko puNyamaya evaM dhyAnasAdhaka kahA jAtA hai / inakI yAtrA ke samaya mahApuruSoM ke puNya kAryoM kA smaraNa aura tadanurUpa AcaraNa kI zubha preraNA prApta hotI hai, antaraMga udAra hotA hai, bhAvanAyeM nirmala hotI haiM / bhAvazuddhi ke preraka ye torthasthAna jaina saMskRti ke pratIka ke rUpa meM sadA se hI mAne jAte rahe haiM / yaho kAraNa hai ki bhArata meM sarvatra inakA sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai / inake astitva se yaha bhI anumAna lagatA hai ki jaina dharma evaM saMskRti samagra bhArata meM vyApaka rUpa se pratiSThita rahI hai / vartamAna meM to isakA mahatva aura vistAra aura bhI vyApaka hotA jA rahA hai / bhaTTAraka paramparA prArambha meM tIrtha sthAna zabda dhArmika dRSTi se preraka sthAnoM ko nirUpita karatA rahA hai / sAmAnyataH do prakAra ke tIrthasthAnoM ko isa dRSTi se mahatva prApta hai : siddha tIrtha aura atizaya tIrtha / Ajakala 'tIrtha' zabda ke sthAna para 'kSetra' zabda adhika prayukta hotA hai / siddha kSetra aise sthAna haiM jahA~ se vyaktiyoM evaM mahAmAnavoM ne apanA carama AdhyAtmika vikAsa kara parama pada pAyA ho| aise kSetroM meM pArasanAtha, campApura pAvApura ( bihAra ), girinAra, tathA kailAza (gujarAta) prAcInatA kI dRSTi se prasiddha haiM / bundelakhaNDa ke kuMDalagiri, droNagiri, nayanagiri tathA zramaNagiri ke nAma siddha kSetroM meM gine jAte haiM / yaha siddhakSetroM kI koTi kA uttaravartI vikAsa hai / inake viparyApta meM, atizaya kSetra aise sthAna haiM jahA~ bhaktoM, zraddhAluoM yA daivI kAraNoM se dharma kI pratiSThA ko bar3hAne vAlI kucha prabhAvaka ghaTanAeM huI hoM, hotI hoM, yA ho rahI hoM / ina kSetroM kI saMkhyA siddha kSetroM kI tulanA meM adhika hai| zrI mahAvIra jI, papaurA, ahAra, khajurAho Adi ke nAma isa koTi ke kSetroM meM liye jA sakate haiN| ina atizaya kSetroM ko yAtrA bhI zAstroM meM puNyakArI mAno gaI hai / vAdoma siMha, zubhacandra evaM vasunandi ne inakA mahatva batAyA hai / bhArata kA atIta dharmapradhAna evaM AdhyAtmika garimA kA saMvardhaka rahA hai| lekina isakA vartamAna kucha parivartita pratIta hotA hai / Aja dharmakSetroM ke sAtha kucha anya prakAra ke kSetroM kA bhI jJAna evaM udbhAvana huA hai / inameM aitihAsika, purAtAtvika (devagar3ha), evaM kalAkSetra to Ate ho haiM, aba inameM zimalA, kazmIra Adi ke samAna prAkRtika suSamAmaya paryaTana kSetra evaM bhilAI, TATAnagara, vizAkhApaTanam, rUrakelA ke samAna audyogika kSetra bhI samAhita hote lage haiM / inakI yAtrA hamAre vartamAna kI pragati evaM manoramatA kA anubhava karAtI hai aura bhaviSya ko aura bhI sundara banAne ke liye prerita karatI hai / sambhavataH yahI preraNA hamArI AdhyAtmika pragati ko utprerita karatI hai / prastuta lekhana kevala dharmapradhAna kSetroM taka sImita hai aura usakA bhaugolika sImAMkana bhI bundelakhaNDa taka rakhA gayA hai /

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bundelakhaMDa ke jaina tIrtha : 325 bundelakhaNDa kSetra isa kSetra ke bhU-bhAga kA prAcIna nAma cedi deza thaa| isake par3osa meM vatsa janapada thaa| rAjA vasu aura mahArAjA zizupAla cedi vaMza ke ho rAjA the / IsApUrva pahalI dUsarI sado ke kaliMga nareza khAravela ke pUrvaja bhI cedivaMzI the| uttaravartI kAla meM yahA~ kalacuri candela evaM bundela rAjAoM kA zAsana rahA / isa kSetra kA nAma bhI DAhala (tripurI). jaijAka bhukti aura bundelakhaNDa ke rUpa meM parivartita hotA rhaa| vartamAna meM yaha kSetra bundelakhaNDa kahA jAtA hai| isakI somAyeM sAmAnya aura vRhattara bundelakhaNDa ke AdhAra para paribhASita kI jAtI hai| yaha kSetra cambala (gvAliyara) aura namaMdA (huzaMgAbAda), vetravato (devagar3ha) tamasa aura sona (amarakaMTaka) nadiyoM kA madhyavartI kSetra hai| isake antargata vartamAna madhyapradeza ke gvAliyara, hazagAbAda, sAgara, jabalapura tathA rovA kamiznarI kSetra evaM uttarapradeza ke jhAMsI kamiznarI ke kSetra samAhita hote haiN| isake antargata lagabhaga 15-18 jile Ate haiM / yaha kSetra apanI vIratA, dharmapriyatA, dhArmika sahiSNutA, sthApatya kalA evaM mUrtikalA ke liye pichale eka hajAra varSa se vikhyAta hai| isa kSetra ke sAMskRtika vihaMgAvalokana se jJAta hotA hai ki yahAM jaina dharma sadA se mahatvapUrNa evaM prabhAvazAlI rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki isa kSetra meM jaina dharma se sambandhita aneka dharmatIrtha eva kalAtIrtha pAye jAte haiN| nita naye utkhananoM se isa kSetra meM jaina saMskRti ke vyApaka prabhAva kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| tIrtha kisI bhI koTi kA kyoM na ho, vahA~ maMdira aura mUrtiyAM avazya pAye jAte haiM / jahA~ prAcIna mandira sthApatyakalA ke vaibhava ko nirUpita karate haiM, vahIM mandiroM meM pratiSThita jina mUrtiyA~ aura unapara utkIrSa lekha mUrtikalA ke vikAsa evaM tattatkAlIna rAjanItika evaM sAmAjika itihAsa para mahatvapUrNa prakAza DAlate haiN| isa kSetra kI jaina sthApatyakalA para aneka zodhakoM ne mahatvapUrNa vivaraNa diSe haiM, para jina mUrtilekhoM ke vivaraNoM kA samIkSApUrNa adhyayana kama hI huA hai / abhI jaina aura siddhAntazAstrI ke kucha nirIkSaNa-samIkSaNa prakAzita hue haiM / isa kArya ko aura bhI Age bar3hAne kI AvazyakatA hai / prastuta vizleSaNa iso krama meM eka aura prayatna hai / jinamUti-lekhoM kA rUpa aura usake phalitArtha vibhinna kSetroM evaM grAma-nagaroM meM sthita jaina mUrtiyoM para jo lekha pAye jAte hai, unameM nimna sUcanAoM meM se kucha yA pUrI sUcanAyeM rahatI hai : (1) pratiSThA kA saMvat evaM tithi-(saMvat mukhyataH vikramI hotA hai jo IsvI san se 57 varSa adhika hotA hai|) (2) jaina-saMgha evaM anvaya paramparA kA nAma-inameM mUlasaMgha evaM kuMdakuMdAnvaya pramukha pAyA gayA hai| aneka lekhoM meM kASThAsaMgha kA bhI nAma pAyA jAtA hai / isake avAntara gaNa aura gacchoM kI bhI sUcanA rahatI hai| (3) pratiSThAkAraka bhaTTAraka aura unako guru paraMparA kA vivaraNa-yaha paraMparA atiprAcIna lekhoM meM (jaba isa paraMparA kA prAraMbha hI nahIM haA thA athavA yaha prAraMbha ho haI hogI) evaM unSIsavIM sado ke antima dazakoM meM pratiSThita mUrtiyo para prAyaH nahIM pAI jAtI (jaba yaha paraMparA hrAsamAna hone lagI hai)| (4) pratiSThApaka zceSThiyoM, yuruSoM evaM unake kuTumba kA vivaraNa-isa vivaraNa meM kuTumba ke mukhya vyakti kA nAma, usakI patnI evaM putroM Adi kA vivaraNa rahatA hai| sAtha hI, unakI jaina jAti-u pajAtiyoM kA nAma va vivaraNa bhI pAyA jAtA hai / bundelakhaMDa kSetra ko jainamUrtiyoM meM prAyaH golApUrva, paurapaTTa yA paravAra, agrotaka yA agravAla evaM golArAD yA golAlAre jAtiyoM ke nAma pAye jAte hai / inheM 'anvaya' kahA gayA hai / (5) tatkAlIna rAjAoM aura unake vaMzoM kA ullekha-ye ullekha uparokta cAra kI tulanA meM paryApta uttaravartI pratIta hote hai / phira bhI, inase kSetra-vizeSa ke rAjanItika itihAsa ke viSaya meM jAnakArI prApta hotI hai / yaha bho / jJAta hotA hai ki pratiSThAkAlIna rAjA udAravRtti ke the aura sabhI dharmoM kA Adara karate the|

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326 50 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa (6) mUrtikAra kA nAma evaM vivaraNa evaM pratiSThA kA sthAna vizeSa yaha pAyA gayA hai ki prAyaH mUttilekhoM meM uparokta chahoM koTi kI sUcanAyeM eka sAtha virale hI pAI jAtI haiN| chatarapura ke di0 jaina bar3e maMdira jI meM bha0 pAzrvanAtha kI pratimA para uttIrNa eka aisA hI virala lekha nimna hai : (a) tithi va sambat : samvat 1542 varSe phAguna sudI 5 gurau / (ba) sthAna : zrI gopAcala durge / (sa) rAjanya nAma : mahArAjAdhirAja zrI mAMDyasiMha raajaa| (da) jaina saMgha nAma : zrI kASThAsaMghe / (ya) bhaTTAraka nAma : bhaTThAraka zrI guNanadevaH / (ra) pratiSThApaka vivaraNa : tadAmnAye agrotakAnvaye gargagotre sAmaharAjA tatbhAryA kolhI, putra 4 sAhaNi / isameM zilpakAra ke nAma ko chor3akara anya sabhI sUcanAyeM pAI jAtI hai / anya mUrtiyoM para uparokta meM tIna-cAra prakAra kI hI sUcanAyeM milatI hai| sambat 1548 meM muMDAsA (rAjasthAna) nivAsI jIvarAja pApar3IvAla dvArA pratiSThApita mUrtiyoM ke lekha isI zreNI ke haiM / inameM rAjAoM evaM zilpakAra ke nAma nahIM haiN| eka lekha dekhiye : (a) tithi va saMvat : saMvat 1543 vaizAkha sudo 3 (vAra nahIM hai)| (ba) sthAna : saha su (mu) rAsA zrI (muDAsA rAjasthAna meM hai) (sa) jaina saMgha nAma : zrI mUlasaMghe (va) bhaTTAraka nAma / zrI jinacaMdradeva zAha (ya) pratiSThApaka nAma : jIvarAja pApaDIvAla nityaM praNamate ina lekhoM ke sAmAnya evaM tulanAtmaka adhyayana se hameM jo jAnakArI milatI hai, vaha hamAre sAmAjika, dhArmika evaM aitihAsika mahatva kA samvardhana karatI hai / ina lekhoM kI upayogitA vartamAna meM aneka prakAra se siddha ho rahI hai| udAharaNArtha, zAstrI ne kesariyA-RSabhadeva evaM kaMbhoja-bAhabalI kSetroM ke digambara hone kI paSTi inhIM lekhoM ke AdhAra se kI hai / aneka vivAdoM ke samaya aise lekha kAma Ate haiM / isIliye unhoMne sujhAyA hai ki bhArata ke sabhI sthAnoM para vidyamAna jaina-mUrtiyoM ke lekhoM ko mudrita karAyA jaave| bundelakhaNDa ke jainatIrthoM tathA anya sthAnoM para sthita mandiroM kI jinamUrtiyoM ke lekhoM ke AdhAra para zAstrI me yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki prArambha meM bArahavoM sadI taka isa kSetra meM golApUrva jAti kA mahatva rahA hai kyoMki isa anvaya ke zreSThiyoM dvArA pratiSThApita pratimAyeM hI yahA~ adhikAMza meM upalabdha hotI haiN| nainAgira (1109), bahorIbanva (1187), papaurA (1202) evaM ahAra (1237) ke lekhoM se yaha tathya puSTa hotA hai / bAda meM isa bhUbhAga meM paravAra Adi anya jAtiyoM ke dvArA pratiSThita pratimAyeM milane lagatI hai / isase yaha anumAna sahaja lagatA hai ki isa kSetra me paravAra jAti ke loga sambhavataH gujarAta se bAda meM aae| isI prakAra ina lekhoM ke sUkSma yA gahana adhyayana se anya niSkarSa bho prApta kiye jA sakate hai / hama yahAM tIrthakara-mAnyatA aura bhaTTAraka-paramparA para, ina lekhoM se AdhAra se, kucha carcA kreNge| bahumAnya tIrthakara ___ jaina dharma vartamAna yuga meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI paramparA ko svIkara karatA hai / inakI mUrtiyAM IsA-pUrva sadiyoM meM bananA prArambha huii| vidvAnoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki mUrtiyoM para tIrthakara-pahicAna-paraka lAMchanoM kI paramparA paryApta uttaravartI hai| isIliye aneka prAcIna pratimAoM meM lAMchana (cihna) nahIM pAye jaate| kucha logoM kA aisA bhI kathana hai ki anya dharmoM (hindU, buddha, pArasI evaM IsAI) ke samAna jainoM meM bhI caubIsI kI paramparA uttarakAla meM vikasita huI hai| isake vikAsa ke uparAnta hI lAMchanoM kI prakriyA calI hogii| sAraNI 1 se prakaTa hotA hai ki isa bundelakhaNDa kSetra meM

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bundelakhaMDa ke jaina tIrtha : 327 jina mUrtiyoM para utkIrNa lekha vikramI 919 (devagar3ha, 862 I.) se prApta hone lagate haiN| yaha dekhA gayA hai ki devagar3ha, bAnapura, madanapura, bajaraMga gar3ha, bahorIbanda ,ahAra, khajurAho Adi sthAnoM para 919-1237 vi0 (862-1980 I0) ke bIca bha0 zAntinAtha aura zAnti-kunthu arahanAtha kI hI mukhya pratimAyeM pAI jAtI hai, papaurA evaM nainAgira (AdinAtha, pArzvanAtha) isake apavAda hai| papaurA ke par3osI kSetra jaba bha. zAntinAtha ke pUjaka hoM, taba papaurA meM AdinAtha kI mUla pratimA sthApita ho, yaha tathya aitihAsika aura anya kAraNoM se zodha kA viSaya hai| DA. jyotiprasAda jI ne isa kSetra meM bha0 bhAntinAtha kI pratimAoM kI bahulatA kA kAraNa tatkAlIna yuddha evaM azAntibahula yuga meM zAntipradAtA kI sAraNI 1 : bundelakhaMDa ke katipaya kSetroM evaM nagaroM ke jinamandiroM kI pramukha pratimAoM kA prazasti vivaraNa kramAMka kSetra nagara saMgha bhaTTAraka pratiSThApaka rAjya zilpakAra pratiSThA tIrthaMkara vi0 I. 919 842 zAMtinAtha 1. devagar3ha - kamaladeva ziSya zrIdeva pAhilazreSThI dhaMgarAja 2. bAnapura 3. khajurAho 4. khajurAho 5. nainAgira 1001 944 zAMtinAtha 1011 954 pArzvanAtha 1085 1024 zAMtinAtha / 1109 1057 pArzvanAtha / golApUrvAnvayI patariyA zreSThI siM0 manasukha 6. DerA pahAr3I 1149 1092 zAMtinAtha 7. kuMDalapura 1183 1127 madanapura" 1200 1143 zAMtinAtha 9. papaurA 1202 1145 AdinAtha / / / / 10. papaurA 1202 1145 AdinAtha / / 11. caudharI maMdira, 1202 1145 neminAtha chatarapura 12. bahorIbaMda 1205 1148 zAMtinAtha golApUrvAnvaya madanavarma deva sAhU TaDA suta gopAla sAhU galle - suta alpakana lakSmAditya, madanavarma deva kulAditya golA pUrvAnvayI gayakarNa deva mahAbhoja zreSThi sAlhe gRhapati madanavamaM deva jAhaDa, udaya- paramaddhi deva candra zreSThi pANAzAha Asubhadra 13. khajurAho 14. ahAra 1215 1158 saMbhavanAtha 1237 1180 zAMtinAtha rAmadeva pApaTa 15. bajaraMgagar3ha 1236 1179 zAMtinAtha dhUbIna upAsanA kI kAmanA batAyA hai / bha0 zAntinAtha ke sAtha bha0 AdinAtha aura bha0 pArzvanAtha kI pratimAyeM bhI pAI gaI hai, para saMkhyA kI dRSTi se ye kama hI haiN| khajurAho kI sambhavanAtha kI pratimA bhI eka apavAda hI mAnanI cahiye / yahA~

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328 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa manoraJjaka tathya yaha hai ki 862-1180 I0 ke bIca isa kSetra meM, bha. mahAvIra kI mUla pratimA nahIM pAI jaatii| kyA mahAvIra isa samaya taka isa kSetra ke liye sujJAna nahIM hue the-yaha viSaya zocanIya hai| uparokta prAcIna pratimAoM ke lekhoM ke AdhAra para nimna niSkarSa aura diye jA sakate haiM: (i) yadyapi jainasaMgha meM mUlasaMgha, kASThAsaMgha, nandisaMgha aura anya saMghoM kI sthApanA bahuta pahale ho cukI thI, para isa kSetra meM bArahavIM sadI taka unakA vizeSa mahatva nahIM thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki prAcIna pratimAoM meM 1180 taka kisI meM bhI saMgha kA ullekha nahIM hai / saMgha kA nAma evaM anya vivaraNa uttaravartI kAla se hI ullikhita milate haiM / (ii) sAraNI 1 se yaha bhI prakaTa hotA hai ki bArahavoM sadI taka isa kSetra meM lekhoM meM pratiSThAkAraka bhaTTArakoM ke nAma nahIM hai| devagar3ha yA bahorIbanda ke pratiSThAkAraka, sambhavataH bhaTTAraka nahIM the| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki bhaTTAraka paramparA isa kSetra meM isa samaya taka prabhAva meM nahIM AI thii| vidvAnoM kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki bhaTTAraka paramparA kA prArambha muslima zAsana kAla meM sambhavataH terahavIM sadI meM huA hai / bha0 prabhAcandra ke praguru bha0 dharmacandra kA pahalA nAma pratiSThita bhaTTAraka ke rUpa meM AtA hai jinhoMne 1275 I0 meM pratiSThAyeM karAI thii"| mUtilekhoM ke AdhAra para bhaTTAraka paramparAoM kA anumAna bundela khaNDa kSetra meM sthita aneka sthAnoM ke jina mandiroM kI mUrtiyoM para utkIrNa lekhoM meM bhaTTAraka paramparA ke sambandha meM aneka sUcanAyeM milatI hai| sarvaprathama hameM 1203 (1146 I0) meM chatarapura meM pratiSThita bha0 neminAtha kI mUrti para trikAlI paMDita devakIti ke ziSya prAkRta cakravartI mANikyanandi kA pratiSThAkAra ke rUpa meM ullekha milatA hai| isameM bhaTTAraka pada aMkita nahIM hai| isI prakAra chatarapura meM hI prApta 1209 (1152 I0) meM pratiSThita eka mUrti para sakalakIti nAma kA ullekha hai, para vahA~ bhI bhaTTAraka pada aMkita nahIM hai, lekina nAma se ye bhaTTAraka pratIta hote haiM / uttaravartI kAla meM isa nAma se aneka bhaTTAraka hue haiM jinameM bhaTTAraka padmanandi ke ziSya (1399-1456 I.) sakalakIti atyanta pratibhAzAlI hue haiN| isake bAda bha0 dharmacandra, bha0 jinacandra Adi kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| aneka matiyoM para bhaTTAraka-paramparA (ziSya-praziSya) kA ullekha milatA hai| vastutaH aise ullekha alpamAtrA meM hI milate hai para ye hI hamAre liye sarvAdhika upayogI haiN| inase jJAta hotA hai ki jainAmnAya ke vibhinna saMghoM (mUla, kASThA, devasena, nandi Adi) meM bhaTTAraka paramparA svatantra rUpa se vikasita huI hogii| bundela khaNDa ke kSetra ke jinamUti lekhoM se tIna prakAra kI bhaTTAraka paramparAoM kA patA calatA hai : (i) mUlasaMgha kuMdakuMdAnvaya (ii) kASThAsaMgha (ii) devasena saMgha inameM mUlasaMghI bhaTTAraka paramparA isa kSetra meM sarvAdhika prabhAvazAlI rahI hai| kASThA saMgha ke kula chaha bhaTTArakoM kA nAma 1389-1542 (1331-1485 I0) ke bIca pAyA gayA hai : (a) bhaTTAraka sahasrakIti-guNakIti-yazaHkIti (1416 ii0)| (ba) bhaTTAraka guNanadeva (1415 I0), gvaaliyr| (sa) bhaTTAraka vizAla kIrti-bhaTTAraka vizvasena (1519 ii.)| yaha saMgha mukhyataH agrotakAnvaya (agravAla) yA gRhapatyanvaya (gahoI) upajAtiyoM se sambandhita hai, aisA pratIta hotA hai| ye jAtiyAM isa kSetra meM kama hI haiM, ataH inake viSaya meM na to adhika ullekha hI mile haiM aura na hI ina para abhI kAI vivaraNa hI prakAzita huA hai|

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bundelakhaMDa ke jaina tIrtha : 329 mUrtilekha saMvat vikramI 1209 1272 1742 1342 1345 1420 1480 1509 1521 1535 1521 1542 1548 1547 1551 1580 1580 1615 1646 1664 sAraNI 2 : mUrtilekhoM meM bhaTTAraka paraMparA bhaTTAraka nAma yA paraMparA mUrtilekha saMvat vikramI sakalakIti 1694 bha0 dharmacaMdra zAha bha0 narendrakIrti bha0 devendrakIti-kSemakIrti 1627 bha0 prabhAcaMdra bha0 jinacaMdra 1713, 16, 18 bha0 jinacaMdra 1718 bha. dharmacaMdra-kanakasAgara bha0 bhuvanakIti (1508-35) 1725, 26 1735 bha. bhuvanakIti bha0 siMhakIrti bha0 padmacaMdra-jinacaMdra 1744 bha0 jinacaMdra 1744 bha0 jinendrabhUSaNa bha0 tribhuvanakIti 1746 bha0 jinacaMdra 1746 bha0 zrutacaMdra pATanI 1754 bha0 padmanaMdi bha. yazakIti-lalitakIti 1755 bha0 jinendra bhUSaNa 1765 bha. jovarAja 1766 bha0 dharmakIrti (nainAgira) 1773 bha0 sakalakIrti yazakIti, lalitakIti, 1779 cakrakIti, caMdrakIrti bha0 lalitakIrti 1793 bha0 dharmakIrti 1798 bha0 lalitakIti-ratnakoti bha* dharmakIti, zIlabhUSaNa, 1799 jJAnabhUSaNa, jagatbhUSaNa 1830 bha0 zIlabhUSaNa-jagatbhUSaNa 1835 bha0 surendrakIti, jinendrakIti, 1839 devendra kIti 1876 bha0 padmakIrti 1893 bhaTTAraka nAma yA paraMparA bha0 devakIrti bha0 lalitakIrti-dharmakIti padmakIti bha0 dharmakIti-zIlabhUSaNajJAnabhUSaNa-jagatabhUSaNa bha0 padmakIti-sakalakIti bha. dharmakIrti-padmakIti sakalakIrti bha0 sakalakIrti bha0 jagadbhUSaNa-vizvabhUSaNa devendrabhUSaNa bha0 jagadbhUSaNa bha0 surendrakIrti bha0 padmakIrti-sakalakIti surendrakIrti bha0 surendrakIrti bha0 jagatkIrti dharmakIti-padmakIti-sakalakItisurendrakIrti sakalakIti-surendrakIti sakalakIti bha0 jagatkoti bha0 vizvabhUSaNa, devendrabhUSaNa, surendrabhUSaNa, lakSmIbhUSaNa bha0 dharmakIti, padmakIrti, sakalakIti, kItideva bha0 devendrakIti, kSemakIti surendrakIti, jinendrakIti, devendrakIrti surendrakIti ziSya paM. bhImasena bha0 jinavara jI bha0 mahendrakIti bha0 jinendrabhUSaNa bha. narendrakIti bha0 surendrakIti 1678 1682 1684 1687 1687, 89 1688 1693 1694

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330 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa sADaurA (gunA) se prApta eka mUrtilekha se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki saMvat 610 (553 I0) se hI mUla saMgha aura paurapATAnvaya kA ullekha prArambha ho gayA thaa| phira bhI, isa kSetra meM usakA ullekha paryApta uttaravartI dikhatA hai| vastutaH jaina AmnAya meM aneka saMghoM kI sthApanA, dakSiNa evaM uttara bhArata meM, vibhinna samayoM meM huI hai| jaba usa ora ke loga idhara Aye, usake sadiyoM bAda ina saMghoM kA ullekha yahA~ prArambha huA / yahIM nahIM, ina saMghoM kA gaccha aura gaNa ke rUpa meM viziSTIkaraNa bhI huaa| yaha viziSTokaraNa bhI sarvaprathama 1007 (950 I0) meM siroja meM pratiSThita mUrti ke lekha meM pAyA gayA hai| bundela khaMDa kSetra kI adhikAMza mUrtiyoM meM mUlasaMdha ke sarasvatI gaccha evaM balAtkAra gaNa kA ullekha milatA hai nandisaMgha aura kASThAsaMgha uttaravartI hai / mUlasaMgha meM hI bhaTTAraka paramparA, sambhavataH sarvaprathama muslima zAsana kAla-11-12vIM sadI meM pracalita huI hogii| isa paramparA ne aneka mahatvapUrNa kArya kiye jinameM (i) dharma prabhAvanA (ii) pratiSThAyeM (iii) sAhitya-nirmANa (iv) sAhitya-saMrakSaNa ke kArya mukhya haiN| ina kAryoM se hI yaha paramparA lagabhaga 600 varSa taka clii| vi0 1893 (1836 I.) ke bAda bhaTTArakoM ke ullekha isa kSetra meM kama hI milate haiN| aba yaha dakSiNa bhArata ko chor3akara zeSa bhArata meM samAptaprAya hai| jinamUrti lekhoM meM pratiSThApaka bhaTTAraka aura unakI guru-ziSya paramparA kA ullekha milatA hai| ina ullekhoM se bhadrAraka paramparA ke vikAsa kA anumAna sahaja lagAyA jA sakatA thA / para isa paramparA meM prArambhika kAla ko chor3akara bAda meM aneka sthAnoM para ziSya-praziSyoM ne apane pathaka poTha sthApita kara liye| unake aneka uttarAdhikAriyoM ke nAmoM meM samAnatA hone se pratyeka paramparA kA sahI rUpa nizcita kara pAnA kaThina ho gayA hai| bhaTTAraka paramparA ke itihAsa evaM paTTAvaliyoM se patA calatA hai ki dillI, nAgaura, jayapura, ajamera, DuMgarapura, bA~savAr3A, sUrata, khaMbhAta, kAraMjA, nAgapura, zravaNabelagola, sonAgiri, gvAliyara, caMderI evaM anya sthAnoM para samaya-samaya para bhaTrAraka gAdiyA~ sthApita haI jinake apane-apane prabhAva kSetra rahe / bandela khaMDa kSetra meM prApta mUrti lekhoM se patA calatA hai ki isa kSetra meM kASThAsaMgha kI gvAliyara gaddI tathA mUlasaMgha kI aneka gaddiyoM kA prabhAva rahA hai| sAraNI 2 meM isa kSetra meM vibhinna mUrtiyoM para ullikhita bhaTTAraka aura unakI paramparA ke ullekhoM ko saMkSepita kiyA gayA hai| isa AdhAra para hI Age kA samIkSaNa kiyA gayA hai| rIvA, chatarapura, kuMDalapura aura papaurA kI aneka mUrtiyoM para bhaTTAraka paraMparA kA vivaraNa milatA hai / inheM yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai| sabase spaSTa vivaraNa kaMDalapura ke bar3e bAbA ke maMdira ke praveza dvAra para aMkita zilAlekha meM pAyA jAtA hai / yaha vi0 saM0 1757 (1700 I0) kA hai| isa AdhAra para bundelakhaMDa kSetra kI nimna bhaTTAraka-paraMparA mukhyataH pratIta hotI hai : (ma) kuMDalapura kSetra para aMkita bha0 paraMparA (ba) papaurA ko bha0 paraMparA (sa) rIvA kI bha0 paraMparA (da) chatarapura yaza-kIrti yazaHkIti lalitakIti (1591-1640) lalitakIti lalitakIrti lalitakIrti dharmakIrti (1591-1636) ratlakIti dharmakIti dharmakIrti padmakIrti (sakalakIrti) padmakIti sakalacaMdra padma kIti surendrakoti sakalakIrti padmakIti sakalakIti sucaMdagaNa evaM namisAgara (surendrakIti) sakalakIrti surendrakIti (1757) kIrtideva guNakara jinendra kIrti devendrakIti kSemakIrti (ya) chatarapura ke mUrtilekhoM kI vaikalpika paraMparA meM (aTerazAkhA) (i) bha0 jinacaMda, bha0 siMhakIti, bha0 dharmakIrti, bha0 zIlabhUSaNa, bha0 jJAnabhUSaNa, bha0 jagatbhUSaNa, bha0 vizvabhUSaNa, bha0 devendrabhUSaNa, bha0 surendrabhUSaNa, bha0 lakSmIbhUSaNa /

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bundelakhaMDa ke jaina tIrtha : 331 anya paramparAyeM bhI haiM, para virala hai / paramparAyeM mUlasaMghI haiM aura bha0 padmanandi ( 1300 - 94 I0) ke ziSya praziSyoM ne prArambha kI haiN| mUlasaMgha kundakundAnvaya kI jerahaTa ( mAlavA ) zAkhA inake sAkSAt ziSya bha0 devendrakIrti bha0 sakalakIti ke prabhAva ko niyantrita karane ke liye sUrata se prArambha kI thii| isakI aneka upazAkhAyeM huI / isameM bha0 tribhuvanakIrti, sahasrakIrti, padmanandi, yazaH kIrti, lalitakIrti ( ratnakIrti), dharmakIrti, padmakIrti evaM anya bhaTTAraka samAhita haiM | bundelakhaNDa kSetra meM pAye jAne vAle adhikAMza mUrtilekhoM meM yahI paramparA pAI jAtI hai / dUsarI mUlasaMghI naI zAkhA bha0 padmanandi ke praziSya bha0 jinacandra ke ziSya siMhakIti ne prArambha kI thI / ise aTera zAkhA kahA jAtA hai / isake kama se kama dasa bhaTTArakoM ke nAma sujJAta haiM / ina zAkhAoM ke bhaTTArakoM ke viSaya meM manoraMjaka tathya yaha hai ki sambhavataH ina zAkhAoM ke adhikAMza bhaTTArakoM ke jIvana evaM kriyAvRtta ke viSaya meM abhI taka sahI jAnakArI nahIM hai / jo bhI jAnakArI upalabdha hai, vaha mUrtilekhoM ke AdhAra para hI saMgrahIta hai / ina mUrtilekhoM se prathama to yaha bAta spaSTa hotI haiM ki bhaTTAraka- pratiSThita mUrtiyA~ terahavIM sadI ke prArambha se pramukhatA se milatI haiM / inameM bha dharmacandra ( 1215 I0), prabhAcandra ( 1233 - 1351), padmanandi ( 1408) kA samaya evaM kArya adhikAMza meM jJAta hai / inake bAda padmanandi ke ziSya-praziSyoM ne aneka sthAnoM para pRthak-pRthak zAkhAyeM yA gAdiyAM sthApita kI | rAjasthAnI gAdiyoM kA to kucha itihAsa milatA bhI hai, para anya sthAnoM kI gAdiyoM kA itihAsa prAyaH aspaSTa hai / jaina saMskRti ke vikAsa, saMrakSaNa evaM prabhAvakatva hetu bhaTTArakoM ke yogadAna ko jAnane ke lie isakA mahatva spaSTa hai | isa dizA meM prayatna Avazyaka hai / udAharaNArtha, bundelakhaNDa kSetra ke jinamUrti lekhoM meM jerahaTa aura aTera zAkhA ke mahatvapUrNa bhaTTArakoM ke viSaya meM joharApura, zAstrI evaM kAzalIvAla dvArA pradatta jAnakArI nitAnta apUrNa hai / aTera zAkhA ke saMsthApaka bha0 siMhakIrti ke guru bha0 jinacandra ( 1480 - 1580) kA paryApta vivaraNa upalabdha hai / inake mAdhyama se seTha jIvarAja pApar3IvAla dvArA pratiSThApita pratimAyeM prAyaH pratyeka jaina mandira meM pAI jAtI hai / para inake viSaya meM jAnakArI kA abhAva hai / para isa zAkhA ke bhaTTArakoM kI paramparA chatarapura kI mUrtiyoM meM milatI hai / yahA~ 1716 I0 meM pratiSThita yantra para bha0 lakSmobhUSaNa ko aTera paramparA ke nAma diye hue haiN| isake bAda isa paramparA kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| isIprakAra bha0 jinendrabhUSaNa ke dvArA 1782 I0 meM mahatvapUrNa pratiSThA karAI gaI thIM / inakA vivaraNa bhI anupalabdha hai / jerahaTa zAkhA kA sambandha bha0 padmanandi ke ziSya bha0 devendrakorti se hai / ye bha0 sakalakIrti ke samakAlIna the, para inakA pUrNa vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hotA / inake ziSya bha0 tribhuvanakorti ke dvArA pratiSThita eka mUrti 1494 kI isa kSetra meM pAI gaI hai / inake praziSya bha0 padmanandi ke dvArA 1542 I0 meM pratiSThita eka mUrti bhI yahA~ pAI gaI hai / ina bha0 padmanandi ke viSaya meM bhI jAnakArI apUrNa hai / inake ziSya bha0 yazaH kIrti 1599 I0 ke pUrva rahe hoMge, aisA pratIta hotA hai kyoMki isa samaya se bha0 lalitakIrti dvArA pratiSThita mUrtiyAM milane lagatI haiM / ye 1591-1640 I0 taka atyanta vizruta bhaTTAraka rahe haiM, para inake viSaya meM koI vivaraNa nahIM milatA / zAstro ne aneka prakaraNoM ke viparyAsa meM, yaha bhI nahIM batAyA ki lalitakIti nAmaka aneka bhaTTAraka bhI / vastutaH sakalakIrti ke aneka bhaTTAraka hue haiN| inameM eka bha0 prabhAcandra ke praziSya evaM bha0 rahe haiM aura inakA pramukha kAryakSetra rAjasthAna rahA hai / eka anya inakA bhI vivaraNa nagaNya hI uddhRta hai / jerahaTa gAdI ke bhaTTAraka Adi meM inakI paramparA kA ullekha hai / mUrti pratiSThA ke samaya ke mAnita kiyA jA sakatA hai / bha0 lalitakIrti ke do pramukha ziSya the, kI pratiSThA karAI hai / papaurA kSetra para ratna kIrti aura dharmakIrti donoM chatarapura kI mUrtiyA~ dharmakIrti paramparA meM haiN| / samAna lalitakIrti nAma ke 1514-75 I0 ke bIca dillI gAdI meM hue haiM / kuMDalapura, papaurA, chatarapura bhaTTArakoM kA samaya anu dharmakIrti aura ratnakIti / ina donoM ne hI mUrtiyoM ke dvArA pratiSThita mUrtiyA~ haiM / kuMDalapura, rIvA evaM aisA pratIta hotA hai ki lalitakIrti ke paTTaziSya dharmakIrti hI rahe hoMge / dharmacandra ke ziSya haiM jo lalitakIti kASThAsaMgha kI lalitakIrti tIsare hI haiM AdhAra para isa paramparA ke 5]

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332 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa bha0 ranakoti alpajJAta hoNge| bha. dharmakIrti kA kAryakAla alpa hI rahA hogA, aisA pratIta hotA hai| unhoMne lalitakIti ke samaya meM hI sambhavataH maNDalAcArya ke rUpa meM svatantra pratiSThAyeM karAI hoNgii| inake dvArA pratiSThita eka mUrti nainAgira meM 1609 I0 kI hai| kucha mUrtiyA~ 1627 I0 ko bhI milatI hai| inake ziSya bha0 padmakIti the| inake dvArA 1637 meM pratiSThita eka ma tarapura ke mandiroM meM pAI gaI hai| inakA kAryakAla bhI alpa hI rahA hogaa| inakA vivaraNa bhI upalabdha nahIM hotaa| inake ziSya bha0 sakalakIrti (1656-1670) ke dvArA pratiSThita aneka mUrtiyAM isa kSetra meM pAI jAtI haiM, para inakA jIvanavRtta upalabdha nahIM hotaa| inake ziSya bhaTTAraka surendrakIti rahe hai jinake dvArA pratiSThita mUrtiyA~ 1687-1710 I0 ke bIca pAI jAtI hai| isase anumAna lagatA hai ki bha0 sakalakoti 1685 I0 taka rahe hoNge| bha0 surendrakIti ke ziSyoM meM jinendrakIrti pramukha the| inake ziSya bha0 devendrakorti hue / inake dvArA pratiSThita mUrtiyA~ san 1741-61 kI prApta hotI hai / inake ziSya kSemakIrti hue| unhoMne bhI sama-sAmayika pratiSThAyeM karAI haiN| inake kAphI dIrghakAla bAda bha. surendrakIti kA nAma AtA hai jinake dvArA san 1836 kI eka pratiSThita pratimA pAI gaI hai| isake bAda bhaTTAraka-paramparA kA mUrtilekhoM meM ullekha alpa hI milatA hai| isa vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki bundelakhaNDa kSetra meM prabhAvI aTera aura jerahaTa kI bhaTrAraka paramparA ke viSaya meM santoSapUrNa jAnakArI kA abhAva hai| isake liye prayatna kiyA jAnA cAhiye / isa kSetra ke sabhI jaina kendroM (torthoM evaM saMsthAoM Adi) ko apanI Aya ke kucha pratizata ko aise aitihAsika evaM sAMskRtika kArya meM satprayukta karanA cAhiye / mUrtilekhoM se anya jAnakAriyAM uparokta jAnakArI ke atirikta mUrtilekhoM se rAjavaMza, matikAra evaM lekhakAra, pratiSThAkAraka gRhasthoM ke ke parivAroM kI nAmAvalI evaM jaina upajAtiyoM ke vivaraNoM kA bhI jJAna hotA hai| isa AdhAra para siddhAntazAstrI jainoM kI paravAra-upajAti ke itihAsa ko lekhabaddha kara rahe haiN| ina jAnakAriyoM kI samIkSA agale nibandha meM kI jaayegii| . sandarbha 1. DA. kastUracandra kAzalIvAla (pra0 saM0); 2. kamalakumAra zAstrI; 3. kamalakumAra jaina; 4. kailAza bhar3avaiyA; 5. nIraja jaina; paM. bAbUlAla jamAdAra abhi0 granya; zAstrI pariSad, baDauta, 1981 peja 353-400 / papaurA darzana, papaurA kSetra, Tokamagar3ha, 1976 / jinamUti prazasti lekha, di0 jena bar3A mandira, chatarapura, 1982 / bAnapura, di0 jaina atizaya kSetra, bAnapura (lalitapura), 1978 / kuMDalapura, suSamA prakAzana, satanA, 1964 / bahorIbanda vaibhava, di0 jaina atizaya kSetra, bahorIbanda, jabalapura, 1984 / paM0 phUlacandra zAstrI abhi0 grantha, kAzo, 1985 / 8. sandarbha 3 peja 28 dekhiye / 9. vahI, peja 13 / 10. vimalakumAra sorayA, 11. kAzalIvAla, ke. sI0 aura joharApurakara vidyAdhara; 12. nemacandra zAstrI; dekhiye sandarbha 1 peja 392 / vIra zAsana ke prabhAvaka AcArya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1975 peja 121 / tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, di. jaina vidvata pariSad, sAgara, 1974 peja 492 /

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jaina saMskRti pratiSThApaka- AcArya kuMdakuMda prAgvaidika puruSa vrAtya ( draviDa 'zramaNa' ) the gorAvAlA khuzAlacaMdra kAzI Adhunika itihAsa paddhati pazcima kI hai| pAzcAtya itihAsajJoM kI pahu~ca AryoM ke Avrajana taka hI rahatI, yadi bhArata meM prAgvaidika yA dravir3a saMskRti kA astitva mohanajodar3o aura hArakhpA ne mUrtimAna na kiyA hotA / isa utkhanana vizva kI mAnyatA badala dI hai kyoMki ina diyA hai ki prAgvaidika-saMskRti 'suvikasitanAgarikatA' thI tathA AyaM loga dravir3a saMgha se veda bhI apane ina virodhiyoM ko dAsa, vrAtya Adi nAmoM se yAda karate haiM / avazeSoM ne kama sabhya yaha siddha kara tathA dakSa the / vrAtyoM kA svarUpa saMkSepa meM yaha hai ki ve yajJa, brAhmaNa aura bali ko nahIM mAnate / Rgveda sUktoM meM vrAtya kA ullekha hai kintu yajurveda aura taittirIya brAhmaNa use naramegha ke bali-prANI rUpa se kahatA hai / tathA atharvaveda kahatA hai ki 'paryaTaka vrAtya ne prajApati ko zikSA aura preraNA dI' (15- 1) / vaidika aura brAhmaNa sAhitya kA anuzIlana eka hI spaSTa niSkarSa kI ghoSaNA karatA hai ki 'dAsa yA vrAtya ve 'jana' the jinakA vaidikoM se virodha thA / isalie hI veda gomegha ke baila ke samAna naramegha meM (vratAt samUhAt cyavati yaH sa vrAtyaH) 'brAtya' ko bali kA prANI mAnate the / uttara- vaidika sAhitya kI samIkSA veda virodhiyoM ke viSaya meM eka spaSTa ullekha karatI hai / pANinIya ke sUtroM para racita pAtaMjali kI vRtti meM dvandva samAsa ke sthaloM ko mukhokta karate hue pAtaMjali kahate haiM - jinameM zAzvata arthAt naisagika virodha hotA hai, yathA sAMpa aura nevalA, brAhmaNa aura zramaNa, ('yeSAM ca zAzvatiko virodhaH | ahinaMkulayoH brAhmaNazramaNayoH' / ) vahA~ bhI dvandva samAsa hotA hai / spaSTa hai ki prAgvaidika-jana vrAtya dravir3a yA zramaNa the / aura ye pazupAlaka R gatau Syat pratyaye Arya:, bhramaNazIla (Aryo) janoM kI apekSA adhyAtma, sanyAsa, kAyakleza yA tapa, mokSa aura darzana kI dRSTi se, karmakANDI bali ( hiMsAmaya yajJa), somapAyI aura svargakAmI AryoM se Age the / ye ghor3A, vANa, somapAna, rudratA aura parvatIya sahiSNutA ke bala para jItane vAle AryoM kI zreSThatA mAnane lie sahamata nahIM hue the / pariNAma yaha huA ki tIrthaMkara suvrata ( rAmAyaNa yuga) aura nemiyuga ( mahAbhAratakAla ) meM bhI inakA vaidikoM yA brAhmaNoM se saMgharSa rahA tathA rAkSasa ( rakSas zabdAt svArthe'N ) kA artha yajJAdi virodhI tathA pAtakI ( 5- 35 - 46 ) usI taraha kara diyA, jisa prakAra beghara yA khAnAbadoza arthavAle 'Arya' zabda kA artha zreSTha kara diyA gayA thA kyoMki ye vijetA the / dravir3a vAtya-bhramaNa ye ke pAzcAtya vidvAnoM (zrI bevara tathA hAvara) ne prArambha meM AhaMta dharma kI anabhijJatA ke kAraNa bauddhoM ko vrAtya kahA thA / kintu adyatana - parizIlana se spaSTa hai ki mahAtmA buddha ke AvirbhAva (tIrthaMkara mahAvIrayuga) ke bahuta pahile rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kAla meM vrAtyoM (zramaNo ) kA guru sampradAya thA tathA vedoM ke hiraNyagarbha arthAt RSabhadeva se hI prajApati kI sRSTi huI thI / ye ziznadeva yA digambara the / ye pravrajyA arthAt jJAna-dhyAna tapa kI, vihAra karate hue sAdhanA karate the / 'unake garbha meM Ate ho suvaNaM kI vRSTi huI thI, ataH ve pahile hiraNyagarbha kahalAye aura bAda meM prANi 42

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334 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha | khaNDa mAtra kI asi-masi-kRSi zikSA dene tathA karuNA yA maitrI ke dvArA ve bhUtoM ke advitIya nAtha hae the (hiraNyagarbhaH samavataMtAgre, bhUtasya jAtaH patireka aasiit)| unakI bhASA prAkRta yA janabhASA thI jo ki apane sarala rUpa ke kAraNa vaidikasaMskRta kA pUrvarUpa vaise hI hai, jaise ki lokika (klAsIkala) saMskRta kA pUrvarUpa vaidika-saMskRta hai| yaha prAkRta bhASAmaya mokSonmukha vrAtya yA zramaNa saMskRti apane mUlarUpa meM Arhato yA Adhunika jainiyoM meM RSabhayuga se calatI aayii| AjIvaka Adi vividha sampradAya tathA gautamabuddha kI prArambhika kaThorasAdhanA spaSTa batAtI hai saMyama-niyama-yama-pravAna yaha zramaNa saMskRti hI bhArata kI Adya yA maulika saMskRti thI tathA antima zramaNa kevalI mahAvIra ne bhI usakA hI upadeza AcaraNapUrvaka kiyA thaa| mauryadhuga ke magadha ke bAraha varSIya durbhikSa ke kAraNa AyI sukhazIlatA aura upAzraya-nivAsa ke kAraNa zramaNa paramparA meM Age bheda (sthavirakalpa yA zvetAmbaratva) kA nirAkaraNa karake jinakalpa yA digambaratva ke mUlarUpa kI pratiSThA AmnAyAcArya kuMda-kuMda svAmI ne kI thI, jo bhArata hI nahIM apitu vizvasamAja ko jIva-uddhAra kalA kI anupama dena hai| vIrottarakAla jayadhavala, tiloyapaNNAti, jambUdIpapaNNatti se lekara tAvatAra Adi meM tIrthAdhirAja mahAvIra svAmI se lekara lagabhaga 683 varSa taka hue bhArata kI mala (zramaNa) saMskRti ke saMrakSakoM kI nAmAvali, thoDe se varSa-pramANa meM bheda ke sAtha upalabdha hai / AryapUrva kAla meM bhArata ke mUlasaMgha meM nAmollikhita cAroM (draviDa, nandi, sena tathA kASThA) saMghoM meM se dvitIya. nandisaMgha kI paTTAvali bhI nyUnAdhika ukta tAlikAoM kA anukaraNa karatI huI kevalI, zrutakevalI, ekAdazAMga-dazapUbaMdhArI, ekAdazAMgadhArI aura kevala AcArAMgavettAroM ke ullekha ke bAda arhali, mAghanandI, guNadhara, dharasena aura puSpadantabhUtabali kA bhI samAveza karatI hai| zrutAvatAra ke anusAra kaSAyapAhaDa aura SaTakhaMDAgama ke viSaya ko lekara likhane vAloM meM sarvaprathama kuMdakuMdacArya hI haiM / zAmakuNDa kI 'paddhati', tumbUlurAcArya kI 'vyAkhyA' aura samantabhadra kI kRti ke samAna TIkA na hokara AcArya kuMdakuMda kA 'parikarma' grantha thA / yaha vistRta vyAkhyA yA bhASya paramopakArI AcArya zrI vIrasena ke sAmane thA aura itanA mahatvapUrNa thA ki unhoMne apanI TokAoM (dhavala, jayadhavala) meM isake siddhAntoM ko sarvAdhika mahatva diyA hai| kuMdakaMda kI kRtiyAM yadyapi AmnAyAcArya kI prathama kRti 'parikama' isa samaya uddharaNa rUpa se hI upalabdha hai, tathApi yaha unheM zrutakevaliyoM kI antaraMga paramparA kA siddha karane ke lie paryApta hai / dravyAnuyoga aura caraNAnuyoga ke prathama prarUpaka kuMdakuMdAcArya ko karaNAnuyoga-dakSatA ko siddha karane meM samartha hai kyoMki AcArya zrI kI mUlAcAra, 84 pAhur3oM meM se upalabdha aSTa prAbhRta, rayaNasAra, dasabhakti, bArasa aNuvekkhA, niyamasAra, paMcatthikAyasaMgraha aura pravacanasAra kRtiyAM brAhmaNa, bauddhAdi vAGmayoM meM durlabha dravya, guNa, paryAya, tatvajJAna, spaSTa AcAra-saMhitA tathA loka yA jagata ke svarUpa, Adi kI Adya prarUpaka hai| brAhmaNa-saMskRti ke brAhmaNa, AraNyaka tathA upaniSata Adi cintana ke preraka haiN| ye kaMdakaMdAcArya ko bhArata kI mUla draviDa yA zramaNa-saMskRti ke Adya prarUpaka rUpa meM dikhAte haiM / guruparamparA ___ bhAratIya ziSTAcAra kI sanAtana paramparA ke anusAra AcArya kuMdakuMdAhI apane viSaya meM mauna nahIM hai, apitu pramukha TIkAkAra bhI unake viSaya meM vizeSa bhijJatA nahIM dete hai| darzanasAra avazya kahatA hai ki AcAryazrI ke videhagamana sUcaka gAthAe~ pUrvapracalita gAthAoM kA saMkalana hai| pacAstikAya kI TIkA meM bhI jayasenAcArya ne AmnAyAcArya ke videhagamana aura sImandhara svAmI se samAdhAna prApta karane kA ullekha kiyA hai| pravacanasAra kI eka gAthA bhI isakA saMketa karatI hai| isakI TIkA meM jayasenAcArya kA inheM kumAranandi siddhAntadeva kA ziSya likhane kI apekSA nandisaMgha

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5] jaina saMskRti pratiSThApaka- AcArya kuMdakuMda prAgvaidika puruSa vrAtya ( draviDa 'zramaNa ) the 335 kI paTTAvala ke jinacandra kA gurutva saMbhava ho sakatA hai, kyoMki jinacandra mAghanandi ke ziSya the aura mAghanandi guNaghara-gharasena ke pUrvavartI evaM antima zrutavalI bhadrabAhu svAmI ke uttarakAlIna pramukha zrutagharoM meM the / AmnAyAcArya svayameva apane boghapAhur3a meM kahate haiM : 'tIrthAdhirAja vIra prabhu ne artharUpa se jo Agama kahA thA, use zabdarUpa se gaNadharAdi ne guMthA thA / bhadrabAhu ke isa ziSya kuMdakuMda ne use vaisA ho jAnA hai aura kahA hai / dvAdazAMga ke vizadavettA - aura caudahapUrva ke vistRta jJAtA, zrutajJAnI mere 'gamaka gurU' bhagavAna bhadrabAhu kI jaya ho / ' isake sivA kuMdakuMdAcArya adhyAtma vizva meM upalabdha ekamAtra kRti samayasAra ke prArambha meM hI siddhavaMdanA karake spaSTa likhate haiM 'zrutakevalI dvArA kathita isa samayaprAbhRta ko kahatA hU~ / ' AmnAyAcArya ke guruvaMdanAsUcaka ye donoM ullekha adhikAra - pUrvaka ghoSita karate haiM ki ve usI vidyA kA upadeza de rahe haiM jo bhagavAna vIra ko ardhamAgadhI se nikalakara antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu svAbhI taka avicchinna rUpa se pravAhita thii| bhArata kI mUla (zramaNa ) paramparA meM magadha ke durbhikSa ke kAraNa Aye vikAra (sampradAya bheda) ke phalita rUpa zvetAmbara sampradAya ko bhI bhadrabAhu svAmI antima zrutakevalI rUpa se mAnya haiM jaisA ki pATaliputra kI vAcanA ke samaya gyAraha kathA tathA saMkalana karane ke bAda dRSTivAda ke lie sthUlabhadra svAmI kA unake pAsa jAnA aura apanI zithilatA ke kAraNa pUrNa zikSaNa pAne kI asaphalatA se spaSTa hai / kintu mUla AmnAya yA saMgha meM AcArAMgadhAriyoM ke antima zrutavalI ne kRpA karake sthUlabhadra ko bArahaveM aMga ke vidyAnuvAda pUrva taka kA zikSaNa diyA thA aura Adeza diyA thA ki isakA upayoga camatkAra yA laukika svArtha ke lie mata karanA kyoMki isakI siddhi hote hI laghu tathA mahAvidyAe~ tumhAre sAmane Akara kaheMgI 'prabho kyA AjJA hai ?' kintu sthUlabhadra isa pralobhana kA pAra na pA sake aura bahurUpiNI vidyA ko jagA kara apanI guphA meM siMha rUpa se baiThe apanI bahina ke dvArA hI guruvara ko nivedita hue / pariNAma yaha huA ki bhadravAhu svAmI ne Age par3hAnA roka diyA aura sthavirakalpiyoM ko jaise-taise gyAraha aMgoM se hI santoSa karake, bArahaveM aMga ko lupta ghoSita karanA par3A / samaya se hI bArahaveM aMga ke karaNAnuyoga ke mukhya viSaya, mohanIya kI mukhya tathA usakI bhUmikA ko dRSTi meM rakha kara guNadharAcArya ne 'kasA pAhuDa' ko gAthA rUpa se lipibaddha kiyA tathA gharasenAcArya ne AcArya bhUtabali - puSpadaMta ko par3hAkara kamma pAhuDa (jIvaTThANa, khuddAbaMdha, baMghasA mitta, bedaNA, baggaNA aura mahAbaMdha ) ko lipibaddha karAyA thA / tAlarya yaha hai ki mUla zramaNa paramparA meM bArahaveM aMga kI mahattA, gUr3hatA tathA upayogitA ko samajha kara zrutaghara AcAryoM ne mUla udgama tIrthaMkaroM kI vandanA karake, divyadhvani kI ArAdhanA aura usake granthaka gaNadharAdi ko praNAma karake zAstrakAra AcAryoM ko tIrthaMkara jJAna ( Agama ) kI anukUlatA kI zapatha pUrvaka hI zAstroM kI racanA kI thI / mUlasaMgha evaM kundukundAnvaya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM zramaNoM yA AhaMtoM ko 'nigaMTha' yA nirgrantha nAma se jAnA jAtA yA jo ki digambara kA dyotaka hai / zramaNa saMskRti kA lakSya mokSa thA aura mokSa ke lie sarvAMga aparigrahI honA aniva. yaM hai / phalataH isa kAlacakra meM hiraNyagarbha RSabha se calA dharma mUlarUpa meM digambaratva yA jinakalpa ko hI mokSa kA carama bAhya sAdhana mAnatA hai / zvetAmbara aMgoM meM bhI RSabhadeva ko vizuddha jinakalpI yA digambara ho mAnA hai tathA thIca meM acela sacela mAnakara bIra prabhu ko bhI vizuddha jinakalpI likhA hai kA udbhava likhanA, zvetAmbaroM ke lie sva-bAdhita hai / ve bhUla jAte haiM ki yaha avasarpiNI arthAt 'hoyamAna' kAla-krama hai / isIlie rAmAyaNayuga se mahAbhAratayuga kI maryAdAe~ hIyamAna haiM / AgamoM ke mUla zabda acela kI alpa-cela vyAkhyA uttarakAlIna haiN| yaha vyAkhyA zramaNa saMskRti ke lie AtmaghAta ke samAna hai, kyoMki anyamatI kaha sakate haiM ki ahisA / phalataH vIra nirvANa saMvat 609 meM boTikoM

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336 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa kA alpa-hiMsA. asatya kA alpa-satya, Adi karake yAjJikI hiMsA, alpahiMsA hone ke kAraNa, zramaNa dharma-sammata kyoM nahIM hai ? arthAt ise mAnane para 'vrAtya' yA 'ajji' (varjana) ke mUlarUpa kA hI vighAta ho jAyegA / mUla AmnAyAcArya ___bhArata kI sanAtana yA mUla saMskRti mokSonmukha jinakalpa digambara dharma thaa| isake lie hI mUlasaMgha zabda kA upayoga huA thaa| yaha kundakundAcArya ke prarUpaNa ke bAda IsA kI cauthI zatI tathA pUrva ke zilAlekhoM se bhI siddha hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki uttarakAlIna mukhya cAroM (dravir3a nandi, sena tathA kASTA) saMgha apane Apako kundakundAnvayI mAnakara kundakundacArya se hI sambaddha karate haiM / ataH gamaka guruvara antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu svAmI ke dhurandhara ziSya kundakunda kA samaya sthavirakalpI zvetAmbaroM ko prathama (pATaliputra) AgamavAcanA arthAt aMgasaMkalana prayAsa kA samakAlIna ho sakatA hai / zvetAmbara vAGmaya sammata sthUlabhadrAdi dvArA prastAvita chedopasthApanA prayAsa kI viphalatA ke bAda uttara bhAratIya jaina zramaNoM meM sacelatA hI nahIM, 14 upakaraNoM kA calana ho cukA thA tathA durbhikSa ke kAraNa AhAra-saMkalana tathA upAzraya meM Akara gola banAkara khAnA tathA bhikSA ko dUsare samaya ke lie bacA kara rakhanA tathA buddha kI majjhimA vRtti se prabhAvita hokara strI-pravRjyA tathA mukti kI mAnyatA bhI baddhamUla ho gayI thii| isIlie ziznadeva ke anuyAyI AmnAyAcArya apane bodhaprAbhRta meM kahate haiM-'jinamArga yA kalpa meM vastradhArI kI mukti nahIM hai cAhe vaha tIrthakara hI kyoM na ho / digambaratA hI vizuddha mokSamArga hai, zeSa unmArga haiN| anagAra hone ke lie samasta parigraha kA tyAga anivArya hai| jo alpa (phAlaka) yA bahuta (caudaha upakaraNa) parigraha rakhatA hai, vaha jina zAsana (kalpa) meM gRhastha hI hai|" zAstrAvirodhI bodhapAhuDa aura samayapAhuNa meM zrutakevalI kA smaraNa kevala gurubhaktiparaka hI nahIM hai, apitu yaha kundakunda svAmI dvArA mUladharma pratipAdana ko prAmANikatA kA udghoSa hai / ve kahate haiM ki vIramukha se nikala kara antima zratakevalI bhadrabAhu svAmI taka avicchinnarUpa se pravAhita, jinavANI hI unakI kRtiyoM kA udgama srota hai| brAhmaNa saMskRti ke sAtha Aye bhASAgata caukApantha (janmanA zreSThatA) ke, saMskRtarUpa se calane para jainAcAryoM ne bhI saMskRta ko apanAyA evaM mUlAmnAyAcArya kundakunda dvArA prAkRta meM grathita zramaNa-tattvajJAna kI ajasra dhArA bahAyI thI tathA unhIM (brAhmaNoM) kI mAnyatA meM unakI mAnya bhASA meM samajhAne ke lie kahA thA : 'maMgalaM bhagavAn vIro, maMgalaM gautamau gaNI / maMgalaM kundakundAryoM jainadharmo'stumaMgalam // zramaNa yA nigrantha ke 'Agama-cakkhU sAhU' ke samAna gRhastha ke bhI SaDAvazyakoM meM sAdhuoM ke 'svAdhyAya' tapa kA vidhAna hai| phalataH zAstrapravacana ke Arambha meM ho ukta zloka kI kahakara pravacanIya yA pAThyagrantha ke prArambha meM yaha zapatha (asya mUlakartA zrI sarvajJadevaH taduttara granthakartA gaNadhara devAH, pratigaNadharadevA, teSAM vaco'nusAraM zrI kundakundA. cAryeNa viracitamidaM-vAcakaH sAvadhAnatayA vAcapatu tathA zrotAraH sAvadhAnatayA zRNvantu) kahI jAtI hai| guNadhara, puSpadaMta-bhUtavali ne bhI yahI kiyA hai| kintu sthavirakalpa meM aisA nahIM hai| balabho-vAcanA ke bAda sthavirakalpiyI ko mAnya gyAraha aMgoM ke saMgrAhaka devaddhigaNi spaSTa likhate haiM 'vIranirvANa ke 980 varSa bAda hue durbhikSa ke kAraNa bahuta se maniyoM ke mara jAne para tathA zruta kA bahubhAga khaNDita ho jAne para zrutabhakti se prerita hokara bhAvI bhavyoM ke upakAra ke lie zrIsaMgha ke Agraha para (maiMne) AcAryoM meM se vace usa samaya ke sAdhuoM ko balabhI meM bulAyA aura unake mukha se khaNDita hone se kama-bar3a TUTe yA pUre Agama ke vAkyoM ko apanI samajha ke anusAra saMkalana karake pustakarUpa diyA hai|'

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jaina saMskRti pratiSThApaka-AcArya kuMdakuMda prAgvaidika puruSa vrAtya (dra viDa ' zramaNa') the 337 ukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki bhArata kI mUla zramaNa saMskRti ke sanAtana uttararUpa Aheta yA nimrantha yA jaina saMskRti meM magadha ke lambe dubhikSa ke kAraNa Aravya tathA uttarakAlIna durbhikSoM se AyI sukhazIlatA yA zithilatA tathA banavAsa ke sthAna para grahota upAzraya-nivAsa ke kAraNa sampradAya utpanna hue, kintu AmnAyAcArya kundakunda ko dRr3hatA ne mUlasaMgha yA saMskRti ko samagra niyantraNa dvArA bacAyA thaa| isakA phala yaha huA ki zAzvatika virodhiyoM meM bhI samanvaya huA aura brAhmaNa saMskRti ne AraNyaka tathA upaniSad kAla meM mokSa, tapa, adhyAtma, ziznadevatva tathA darzana ko mala (zramaNa) saMskRti se liyA aura adhyAtma jJAna-dhyAna-tapa maya zramaNa saMskRti ne bhI karmakANDa ko brAhmaNa yA vaidika saMskRti se liyaa| isa AdAna-pradAna dvArA digambara bAbA ziva 'mahAdeva' ho gaye / yadyapi brAhmaNa saMskRti unheM saMhAra (vinAza) kA deva kahatI hai, kintu unakA rUpa spaSTa kahatA hai ki saMsAra ko samApti nigraMnthatA dvArA hI hotI hai / sRSTi (prajApatitva) rakSaka (viSNutva) saMsAra ko bar3hAne vAlI ho haiN| yAMtrika hiMsA-pradhAna brAhmaNa saMskRti ne hI mahAbhAratayuga taka Ate-nAte 'ahiMsA paramodharmaH' udghoSa kiyaa| spaSTa hai ki zramaNajana isa bhAratabhUmi ke mUla nivAsI yA prAgvaidika puruSa the tathA unakI saMskRti vahI thI jise malasaMgha ke prathama vyAkhyAtA tathA pAlaka kundakundAcArya kI upalabdha kRtiyAM karatala isa kAlacakra meM hiraNyagarbha RSabhadeva se Arabdha tathA aitihAsika tIrthaMkara subrata, naimi, pArzva tathA mahAbIra evaM inake samakAlIna gautamabuddha ke pUrvavartI AjIvaka, Adi bhAratIya matoM kA vividha-prAkRto meM upalabdha AMzika vivaraNa ho spaSTa kahatA hai ki Arya (Avajaka = nomeDa) pazupAlaka, karmakANDI tathA Akramaka brAhmaNoM yA vaidika saMskRti ke pUrvavartI zramaNa the aura unakI mUla vikasita vaijJAnika saMskAroM kA tattvajJAna vahI thA jo guNadhara, dharasena, bhUtabali-puSpadanta, bhadrabAhu ke gamaka ziSya A0 kundakunda kI janabhASA (prAkRta) meM upalabdha hai / maiM purAne AcAryoM kI avajJA nahIM karanA cAhatA, kiMtu yaha kahanA avazya cAhU~gA ki jina AcAryoM ne viziSTa upalabdhiyoM ke na hone kA pratipAdana kiyA, unhoMne jaina paraMparA kA hita nahIM kiyaa| usase ahita ho haa| sAdhakoM ke mana meM honabhAvanA paidA ho gaI aura unakA prayatna zithila ho gyaa| -AcArya tulasI

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jainoM kA sAmAjika itihAsa DA0 vilAsa e0 saMgave mAnada nidezaka, sAhU zodha saMsthAna, kolhApura, ( mahArASTra) adhyayana kA eka upekSita kSetra janoM kA sAmAjika itihAsa mahatvapUrNa hote hue bhI aba taka adhyayana kI dRSTi se lagabhaga pUrNataH upekSita rahA hai| amo taka janoM kA itihAsa rAjanItika yA sAMskRtika dRSTi se hI likhA gayA hai| jainoM ke rAjanItika itihAsa ke antargata (i) rAjAoM, mantriyoM evaM sainyAdhikAriyoM kI prazAsakIya evaM yuddhagata nipuNatAyeM (ii) jainoM dvArA deza ke bhinna-bhinna bhAgoM meM rAjyAzraya ke vivaraNa tathA (iii) rASTra evaM rAjyoM ke rAjanItika sthAyitva yA svAdhInatA saMgrAma meM jaina vyApAriyoM yA sAmAnya jaina samAja dvArA kiye gaye viziSTa yogadAna kA vivaraNa diyA jAtA hai| janoM kA sAMskRtika itihAsa adhyayana ko dRSTi se paryApta vikasita hai| isake antargata bhASA, sAhitya, sthApatya, purAtatva, saMgIta evaM citrakalA ke kSetroM meM janoM dvArA kiye gaye mahatvapUrNa yogadAna kA vivaraNa aura mUlyAMkana kiyA jAtA hai| durbhAgya se, jana vidyA-vizAradoM ne janoM ke sAmAjika itihAsa para samucita dhyAna nahIM diyA hai / janoM ne prAcIna kAla se lekara Aja taka jainadharma kI pratiSThA ko na kevala surakSita hI rakhA hai, apitu use eka jIvanta dharma bhI banAye rakhA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha rahA hai ki unhoMne janadharma dvArA pratiSThita cAritra evaM vyavahAra ke niyamoM kA zraddhApUrvaka avirata rUpa se pAlana evaM pradarzana kiyA hai. isa dRSTi se unake sAmAjika jIvana ke vividha pakSoM kA adhyayana atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| vastutaH janoM kA itihAsa tabataka pUrNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA jabataka unakI rAjanItika evaM sAMskRtika kriyAzIlatA evaM saphalatAoM ke sAtha usa samAja ke sAmAjika pakSa kA vivaraNa bhI usameM samAhita na kiyA jaave| jaina : eka mahatvapUrNa alpasaMkhyaka samAja bhArata ke IsAI, buddha, sikha, muslima tathA anya alpasaMkhyaka samudAyoM kI tulanA meM jaina samAja aneka dRSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa sthAna para AtI hai| 1981 meM prakAzita bhAratIya janagaNanA ke anusAra, bhArata meM vidyamAna chaha pramukha dharmAvalaMbiyoM meM isake anuyAtriyoM ko saMkhyA sabase kama hai| bhArata ko samagra janasaMkhyA meM isako AvAdI kA pratizata lagabhaga 0.6 hai arthAt pratyeka dasa hajAra bhAratIyoM meM 8200 hindU, 1100 muslima, 250 IsAI, 190 sikha, 70 buddha haiM jaba ki jaina kevala 60 hI haiM / inakI janasaMkhyA alpa avazya hai, para ye bhArata ke sabhI prAntoM meM phaile hue haiN| sikhoM ke samAna ye kisI eka kSetra meM saghanatA se nahIM pAye jaate| sikhoM ke samAna na to unakI koI vizeSa vezabhUSA hai aura na hI unakI apanI koI vizeSa bhASA hI hai| isa taraha jaina, vAstava meM, bhAratIya haiM aura isIliye, alpasaMkhyaka hote hue bhI, unheM sarvatra Adara evaM pratiSThA kI dRSTi se dekhA jAtA hai|

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janoM kA sAmAjika itihAsa 339 yaha bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki jaina samAja gAMvoM kI tulanA meM zaharoM meM hI adhika basatI hai| janagaNanA ke A~kar3oM se patA calatA hai ki nagarI va grAmINa jainoM kI janasaMkhyA kA anupAta lagabhaga 60 : 40 hai| isaliye adhikAMza jaina nagarIkRta haiM / lekina ve phArasI yA yahU~diyoM ke samAna uccataH nagarIkRta nahIM haiN| yaha bhI smaraNIya hai ki jaina samudAya bhArata kA eka prAcInatama samudAya hai| jaina dharma kA astitva bhAratIya itihAsa ke prAramma se hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| unakI yaha prAcInatA bhI unakI vizeSatA hai| yaha tathya bhArata ke anya dhArmika alpasaMkhyakoM para lAgU nahIM hotaa| yahI nahIM, ve zata pratizata bhAratIya caritra ke haiN| ye isa deza ke sahaja nivAsI haiM aura unakI bhASA, dharmasthala, mithaka evaM mahApuruSa --saba isI deza ke haiM / jainoM kI, bhArata se bAhara, kisI anyadharma yA saMsthA se saMbaMddhatA nahIM hai / saMkhyA meM alpa hote hue bhI jainoM kA sadaiva pRthak astitva rahA hai aura apanI vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa unhoMne ise banAye bhI rakhA hai| eka svatantra dharma hone ke nAte, isake anuyAyiyoM kA pavitra vizAla sAhitya hai, darzana hai, aura ahiMsA ke mUlabhUta siddhAnta para AdhArita AcaraNa saMhitA hai| vastutaH janoM kI AcAra-vicAra saraNI ahiMsA kI dhAraNA para hI AdhArita hai| mArata ke aneka dharma ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko mahatva dete haiM, para jaina usake AdhAra para nirmita niyamoM ke paripAlana ko sarvAdhika mahatva dete haiN| prAcInatA ke atirikta janoM kI eka vizeSatA aura hai-yaha sadA se avicchinna rahI hai| vizva meM bahuta kama samudAya aise hoMge jo itane dIrghakAla taka avicchinna bane raheM hoN| saca muca hI, yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai ki bhUtakAla ke aneka dharmoM aura panthoM kA nAmonizAM nahIM bacA, jaina kaise apanI avicchinnatA banAye hue haiN| unakA yaha sadIrgha astitva unakI vizeSatA hI mAnI jAnI jaahiye| janoM ko atijIvitA jainoM kI sudIrghakAlIna avicchinnatA unakI eka prazaMsanIya saphalatA hai| jaina aura bauddha bhArata meM zramaNa saMskRti ke pramukha stambha rahe haiM ! phira bhI, isa prasaMga meM yaha vicAraNIya hai ki bauddha dharma bhArata meM lupta ho gayA aura anya dezoM meM phailA, para jaina dharma abhI bhI bhArata kA eka jIvanta dharma hai aura saMbhavataH zrIlaMkA kA chor3akara anyatra kahIM nahIM phaila pAyA / jainoM kI isa avicchinna atijIvitA ke aneka kAraNa haiN| (a) sAmAjika saMgaThana jainoM kI atijIvitA kA sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa kAraNa unakI uttama sAmAjika vyavasthA rahI hai| isa saMgaThana kA kendrabindu janasAdhAraNa rahA hai| jaina samudAya paramparAgata rUpa se cAra aMgoM meM vibhAjita haiM -sAdhu yA puruSa tapasvI, sAdhvI yA strI-tapasvI, bhAvaka yA puruSajana evaM zrAvikA yA strI jana / ina sabhI aMgoM meM paraspara meM pragADha sambandha hai| jainoM meM sAdhu aura sAmAnya jana ke liye eka hI prakAra ke brata yA dharma-niyama mAne gaye haiN| yaha avazya hai ki sAdha ko gRhastha kI tulanA unakA pAlana adhika kaThoratA evaM ImAnadArI se karanA par3atA hai| gRhastha kA yaha kartavya hai ki vaha sAdhuoM ke AhAra-vihAra kI pUrI taraha vyavasthA kre| isa dRSTi se sAdhu-saMgha pUrNataH gRhastha samAja para Azrita hai / ina sAdhuoM ne prArambha se hI janoM ke dhArmika jIvana ko niyantrita kiyA hai aura isI prakAra gRhasthoM ne bhI sAdha ke caritra ko uttama banAye rakhane meM apanA yogadAna kiyA hai / isIliye yaha Avazyaka hai ki sAdhu bhautika samasyAoM se pUrNataH vilagita rahe aura vaha apane tapasvI jIvana ke anya stara ko kaThoratA pUrvaka banAye rkhe| yadi sAdhu isa stara ke liye kamajora pramANita hotA hai, to use isa pada se vimukta kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa sambandha meM jarmana vidvAna

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340 paM0 jaganmohanalAle zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa eca. jekobI ne sahI kahA hai, "yaha spaSTa hai ki samudAya kA sAmAnya jana jaina saMgaThana meM bauddha saMgaThana ke samAna bAharI, hitaiSI yA saMrakSaka ke rUpa meM nahIM mAnA jAtA thaa| usakI sthiti dhArmika kartavya aura adhikAroM se pUrNataH paribhASita rahI hai| sAmAnya jana evaM sAdhuoM ke bIca kA sambandha atyanta pramAvI thaa| yaha niHsandeha kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa sadRDha samparka ke kAraNa hI jaina sAdhuoM evaM gRhasthoM ke AcAra meM samAnatA AI jisameM kevala guNAtmakatA kA hI aMtara rakhA / isIse jana saMgha ke bhItara koI mUlabhUta parivartana nahIM ho pAye aura yaha bAharI prabhAvoM se do hajAra sAla taka bacA raha skaa| isake viparyAsa meM, bauddhoM meM gRhasthoM ke prati itanI kaThoratA nahIM thI aura unhoMne asAdhAraNa vikAsa patha kA anusaraNa kiyaa| isase vaha apanI janmabhUmi se hI lupta ho gyaa|" (ba) aparivartanIyatA kA saMrakSaNa jainoM kI atijIvitA kA eka anya mahatvapUrNa kAraNa unakI aparivartanIyatA ke saMrakSaNa kI vRtti bhI rahI hai| isa kAraNa hI ve aneka sadiyoM se apanI mUlabhUta saMsthAoM aura siddhAntoM ko dRr3hatA se pakar3e hue haiN| jainoM ke AdhArabhUta mahatvapUrNa siddhAnta Aja bhI lagabhaga jyoM ke tyoM bane hue haiN| yaha saMbhava hai ki gRhastha aura sAdhuoM kI jIvana evaM vyavahAra se sambandhita kucha kama mahatvapUrNa niyama Aja upekSaNIya yA anupayogI ho gaye hoM, phira bhI isa bAta meM zaMkA nahIM hai ki Aja ke jaina samudAya kA dhArmika jIvana tatvataH vaisA ho hai jaisA Aja se do hajAra varSa pUrva thaa| apane siddhAntoM ke prati kaThora lagAva kI yaha pravRtti jaina sthApatyakalA aura mUrtikalA meM bhI pratibimbita hotI hai / jaina mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa kI zailI vastutaH Aja bhI pUrvavat banI huI hai| isaliye parivartana ke prati nizchala asvIkRti kI vRtti jainoM ke liye sudRr3ha surakSA kavaca rahI hai / (sa) rAjyAzraya bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM prAcIna aura madhyakAla meM aneka rAjAoM ne jainadharma ko saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyaa| isa saMrakSaNa ne nizcitarUpa se janoM kI atijIvitA meM sahAyatA kI hai| gujarAta aura karnATaka to prAcIna kAla se jainoM ke pramAvazIla kSetra rahe haiM kyoMki ina donoM kSetroM meM aneka zAsaka, maMtrI evaM senAdhyakSa svayaM jaina rahe haiN| jaina zAsakoM ke atirikta, aneka jainetara zAsakoM ne bhI jaina dharma ke prati udAra dRSTikoNa rakhA / rAjapUtAnA ke itihAsa se patA calatA hai ki aneka rAjAoM ne jaina siddhAntoM se prabhAvita hokara prANi-badha para pratibaMdha lagA diyaa| aneka rAjAoM ne barasAta ke cAra mahinoM ke liye telaghAnI aura kumhAra ke cake calAne para pratibaMdha lagA diyaa| dakSiNa meM prApta aneka zilAlekhoM se patA calatA hai ki aneka janetara rAjAoM ne jainoM ke prati dhArmika udAratA dikhAI aura dharma-pAlana ke liye savidhAya dii| ina zilAlekhoM meM vijayanagara ke rAjA bukka rAya-prathama kA 1368 I0 kA zilAlekha atyaMta mahatvapUrNa hai / jaba vividha kSetroM ke jainoM ne rAjA se yaha zikAyata kI ki unhe vaiSNavoM ke atyAcAroM se surakSA pradAna kI jAve, taba rAjA ne sabhI sampradAyoM ke netAoM ko bulAkara kahA ki mere liye sabhI saMpradAya samAna haiN| sabhI ko apane dhArmika AcAra pAlana kI svatantratA hai| (da) sAdhu-saMsthA kI pravRttiyAM aneka prasiddha jaina santoM ke vividha prakAra ke kriyAkalApoM ne bhI jainoM kI atijIvitA meM yogadAna kiyA hai| ina kriyAkalApoM ne sAmAnya jana para jaina saMtoM kI vizeSatAoM kI chApa ddaalii| ye santa hI jaina dharma ke samagra bhArata meM phailane ke liye uttaradAyI haiN| zrIlaMkA ke itihAsa se patA calatA hai ki jaina dharma vahA~ bhI phailA / jahA~ taka dakSiNa bhArata kA prazna hai, yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM pUre dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina sAdhu-saMgha phaile hue the / ve apane dezamASA meM nirmita sAhitya ke mAdhyama se dhIre-dhIre jaina dharma ke naitika siddhAntoM kA dRr3hatApUrvaka |

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jainoM kA sAmAjika itihAsa 341 pracAra karate rahe / jaina santoM kI sAhityaka evaM dharmopadezaka pravRttiyoM ne hindU punarutthAna ke samaya meM bhI dakSiNa meM janoM kI sthiti ko sudRDha banAye rkhaa| kamI-kamI to ye santa rAjanItika ghaTanAoM meM bhI ruci lete the aura AvazyakatA ke anusAra janatA ko mArganirdeza karate the| yaha sujJAta hai ki gaMga aura hoyasala rAjAoM ko naye rAjya kI sthApanA kI preraNA jainAcAryoM ne hI dI thii| ina kriyAkalApoM ke bAbajUda bhI jainAcArya apane tapasvI jIvana ko bhI unnata banAye rakhate the / sAmAnyataH janatA evaM zAsaka jaina sAdhuoM ke prati AsthA evaM Adara bhAva rakhate the| dillI ke musalima zAsaka bhI uttara aura dakSiNa ke vidvAn jaina sAdhuoM kA Adara aura sammAna karate the| isameM koI acaraja kI bAta nahIM hai ki aise aneka prabhAvakArI saMtoM kI vizeSatAoM evaM kriyAkalApoM ne jaina samudAya kI atijIvitA meM sahAyatA kI ho| (ya) cAra dAnoM ko pravRtti alpa saMkhyaka samudAya ko apane astitva kI rakSA ke liye anya logoM kI sadicchA para nirbhara karanA par3atA hai| yaha zubhecchA tabhI prApta ho sakatI hai jaba hama kucha sarvajanopayogI kriyAkalApa kreN| jainoM ne isa dizA meM kAma kiyA aura Aja bhI kara rahe haiN| unhoMne zikSaNa saMsthAyeM kholakara janasAdhAraNa ko zikSita banAne meM yoga diyaa| sArvajanika auSadhAlaya yA cikitsAlaya kholakara logoM kA dukha-darda dUra kiyaa| prArambha se hI jainoM ne AhAra, nivAsa, auSadha aura vidyA ke rUpa meM cAra dAnoM kA siddhAnta banAyA aura usakA pAlana kiyaa| kucha logoM kA kathana hai ki jaina dharma ke pracAra aura prabhAva meM isa pravRtti kA bar3A hAtha hai| isa hetu jahA~ jainoM ko paryApta saMkhyA rahI, vahAM unhoMne bAla Azrama, dharmazAlA, auSadhAlaya aura skUla khole / jainoM ke liye yaha prazaMsA ko bAta hai ki unhoMne zikSA-prasAra ke kSetra meM bahuta kAma kiyA hai| dakSiNa deza meM jaina sAdhu baccoM ko par3hAyA karate the| isa sandarbha meM DA0 altekara ne sahI likhA hai ki varNamAlA ke jJAna ke pahale baccoM ko zrI gaNezAya namaH ke mAdhyama se gaNeza ko namaskAra karanA cAhiye / hinduoM ke liye yaha ucita hI hai, lekina dakSiNa meM Aja yaha paramparA hai ki zrI gaNezAya namaH ke pahale 'OM namaH siddha" kA jaina vAkya kahA jAtA hai / isase yaha patA calatA hai ki jaina sAdhuoM ne sAmAnya zikSA para apanA itanA prabhAva DAlA ki hinduoM ne ise, jainadharma ke avanamana kAla ke bAda bhI, cAlU rkhaa| Aja bhI jainoM meM cAra dAna kI pravRtti sAre bhAratavarSa meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| vastutaH kisI rASTrIya evaM paropakArI kArya meM sahAyatA ke mAmale jaina kabhI kiso se pIche nahIM rahate / (ra) anya dharmAvalaMbiyoM se madhura saMbaMdha jainoM kI atijIvitA kA eka anya mahatvapUrNa kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki unhoMne hinduoM evaM anya jainetaroM ke sAtha madhura aura ghaniSTha samparka banAye rkhaa| pahale yaha socA jAtA thA ki jaina dharma buddha yA hindU dharma kI eka zAkhA hai / lekina aba yaha sAmAnyataH mAna liyA gayA hai ki jainadharma eka svatantra aura viziSTa dharma hai aura yaha hinduoM ke vaidika dharma jitanA hI purAnA hai| jaina, bauddha evaM hindU dharma bhArata ke tIna pramukha dharma haiN| inake anuyAyI sadaiva eka-dUsare ke sAtha rahe haiM / isaliye yaha svAbhAvika hai ki unakA eka-dUsare para prabhAva pdd'e| ina tInoM hI dharmoM meM isIliye nimna bAtoM ke saMbaMdha meM lagabhaga samAna vicAra pAye jAte haiM : (i) mukti aura punarjanma (ii) pRthvI, svarga aura naraka kA varNana (iii) dharma guruoM yA tIrthaMkaroM kA avatAra

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342 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa bhArata se bauddhadharma ke vilopana ke pazcAt jaina aura hindU paraspara meM aura nikaTa aaye| yahI kAraNa hai ki sAmAnya sAmAjika jIvana meM jana aura hindUoM meM koI antara hI nahIM mAlUma hotA / isa tathya se yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki jaina hinduoM ke aMga haiM yA jaina dharma hindU dharma ko zAkhA hai| vAstava meM, yadi hama jaina dharma hindU dharma kI tulanA kareM to patA calA hai ki inameM antara bahuta hai| inameM jo eka rUpatA hai, vaha sAmAnya jIvana-paddhati kI vizeSa bAtoM ke sambandha meM hI hai| yadi acchI taraha dekhA jAve, to donoM ke vibhinna utsavoM ke uddezya bhI bhinna hI hote haiN| yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina aura hinduoM ke aneka sAmAjika aura dhArmika vyavahAroM meM maulika antara hai| ye antara Aja taka bane hae haiN| isake sAtha hI, hameM yaha bhI svIkAra karanA par3egA ki jainoM ke aneka sAmAjika aura dhArmika vyavahAroM meM janetara tatvoM kA bhI samAharaNa bhI hotA rahA hai| aisI bAta nahIM hai ki yaha prakriyA andharUpa meM apanAI gaI ho| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jainoM ko janetara tatvoM kA samAharaNa jaTila paristhitiyoM ke sAtha samAyojana ke liye karanA par3A thA / yaha unake surakSA yA atijIvana ke liye svecchayA svIkRti ke rUpa meM mAnA gyaa| lekina aisA karate samaya yaha dhyAna rakhA gayA ki isa prakriyA se dhArmika vyavahAroM kI zuddhatA para vizeSa prabhAva na paDe / somadeva ke samAna madhya yuga ke dakSiNa dezIya jainAcAryoM ne laukika paramparAoM aura vyavahAroM ko apanAne kI taba taka svIkRti dI jaba taka unase samyaktva kI hAni aura bratoM meM dUSaNa na ho pAve / laukika paraMparAoM ke pAlana kI svIkRti se jainoM ke do lAma hue / jaina aura hinduoM ke sambandha sadaiva madhura rhe| saMbhavataH iso kAraNa ve aneka viSama evaM jaTila paristhitiyoM meM bhI sadiyoM se inheM surakSita banAye huye haiN| vAstava meM jainoM ne sadaiva hI na kevala hinduoM se api tu anya alpasaMkhyakoM se bhI sadaiva acche saMbaMdha banAye rakhane ke saMkalpabaddha prayatna kiye| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaba jaina zAsaka ke rUpa meM rahe, unhoMne kabhI bhI jainetara samudAyoM ko trAsa nahIM diyaa| isake viparIta, janetara zAsakoM dvArA jainoM ke satAye jAne ke aneka udAharaNa milate haiM / zodha ke pramukha kSetra prAcIna kAla se lekara aba taka jainoM kA avirata sAtatya bhArata meM unake sAmAjika itihAsa kA eka mahatvapUrNa pahalU hai / isaliye hamAre liye na kevala yaha Avazyaka hai ki hama unakI atijIvitA ke pramukha kArakoM kI chAna bIna kareM, api tu hameM una kArakoM para bhI dhyAna, adhyayana aura zodha karanI hogI jinase jaina bhaviSya meM bho atijIvita raha skeN| isa dRSTi se hameM bhArata ke vibhinna kSetroM ke jaina aura bahasaMkhyaka samudAya ke bIca vartamAna saMbaMdhoM kI prakRti aura AyAmoM para zodha to karanI hI hogii| yahI nahIM, isI AdhAra para bhaviSya ke saMbaMdhoM se saMbaMdhita nIti bhI hameM nirdhArita karanI hogii| isake atirikta, dakSiNa rAjasthAna, pazcimI madhya pradeza, uttarI gujarAta, dakSiNI mahArASTra uttarI karnATaka ke samAna jaina bahula kSetroM meM jainoM ke sAmAjika jIvana ke vividha AyAmoM kA adhyayana karanA hogA jisase jana jIvana paddhati evaM unakI samAjika saMsthAoM kA ekIkRta svarUpa hameM jJAta ho ske| yahI nahIM, bambaI, kalakattA, ahamadAbAda, dillI, indaura, jayapura, baMgalora Adi bar3e-bar3e nagaroM ke jainoM kA bhI, uparyukta AdhAroM para vaijJAnika rIti se adhyayana karanA hogaa| isake sAtha hI, una kuTaMboM ke vizeSa yogadAnoM kA vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana mI karanA hogA jinhoMne jana jIvana paddhati ko prabhAvita aura samRddha kiyA hai / isI prakAra hameM una parivAroM evaM vyaktiyoM ke yogadAna kA vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana karanA hogA jinhoMne bhArata ke vibhinna kSetroM meM Arthika, rAjanItika, evaM sAMskRtika jIvana ko nayA vistAra diyA hai| janoM ke dvArA sthApita aura saMcAlita zikSA, svAsthya evaM samAja kalyANa kI saMsthAoM ke bhAratIya samAja ke liye yogadAna kI dRSTi se bhI yaha adhyayana karanA sAmAnya jana ke hita meM hogaa|

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rIvA ke kaTarA jaina mandira kI mUrtiyoM para prazastiyA~ puSpendra kumAra jaina kaTarA, rIvA, ma0pra0 rIvA nagarI vindhya kSetra kA zIrSa hai| 1948 taka yaha baghela vaMzIya rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI rhii| taduparAnta bhAratIya svataMtratA prApti para, ise 36 rAjyoM ke ekIkaraNa se bane vindhya pradeza kI rAjadhAnI banAyA gyaa| 1 navaMbara 1956 se rAjya punargaThana Ayoga kI anuzaMsA para vindhya pradeza ko madhya pradeza nAmaka vRhat rAjya meM saMvilayita kiyA gayA / tabase yaha madhya pradeza kA pramukha saMmAga hai aura uttara pradeza se lagane vAlA pramukha sImAnta kSetra hai| vartamAna meM isakI janasaMkhyA lagabhaga eka lAkha hai| isake cAroM ora bANasAgara, sigaraulI, ToMsa, curahaTa evaM anya sthAnoM para bahumukhI yojanAyeM vikasita ho rahI hai jinase yaha nagarI bhaviSya meM bhArata ke audyaugika mAnacitra para mahatvapUrNa sthAna pA sakatI hai / kucha hI varSoM meM yahA~ se rela samparka bhI ho jaayegaa| ___ rAjanItika mahatva ke sAtha rIvA kA zaikSika evaM sAhityika mahatva bhI hai| tulanAtmakataH alpakAya isa nagarI meM vizvavidyAlaya, cikitsA evaM iMjIniyarI mahAvidyAlaya, sanika evaM kendrIya vidyAlaya, zikSA evaM kRSi mahAvidyAlaya, zikSaka-prazikSaNa vidyAlaya evaM anya sabhI prakAra kI zaikSika suvidhAyeM upalabdha haiN| vyApArika dRSTi se yaha ilAhAbAda, satanA, kaTanI, jabalapura nagaroM se prabhAvita hai| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki nikaTa bhaviSya meM yaha apane kSetra kA pramukha vyApArika kendra bana skegii| jaina samAja mukhyataH vyApAra-pradhAna samAja hai| vyApAra kI alpatA ke kAraNa isa nagarI meM jainoM ne apanA samucitta sthAna nahIM prApta kara paayaa| vRddha jainoM se jAnakArI milatI hai ki Aja ke rIvAvAsI janoM ke kucha mUla parivAra lagabhaga eka sau pacAsa yA do sau varSa pahale chatarapura jile se Aye the| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa samaya chatarapura jile meM koI na koI aisI ghaTanA avazya huI hogI jisase vahAM ke jainoM ko anyatra jAnA par3A ho| yaha anveSaNIya hai / jabalapura ke pramukha jana parivAra bhI chatarapura-mUla ke hI haiN| unameM se kucha kI saMpatti Aja bhI vahA~ hai / ina mUla parivAroM ke hI aneka upaparivAra aba rIvA meM ho gaye haiN| inakA prArambhika vyavasAya vastra-vikraya evaM lena-dena rahA hai| para kucha varSoM se kirAnA, sAmAnya upayogI-vastu evaM auSadha vyavasAya meM bhI sthAnIya jaina laga rahe haiM / kucha uccazikSita hokara zAsakIya niyojana meM bhI ucca padoM para kArya kara rahe haiM / rIvA nagara meM janoM ke do maMdira haiM-eka kaTarA meM aura dUsarA kilA mArga para / kaTarA kA mandira lagabhaga do sau varSa purAnA hai| kilA mArga kA mandira lagabhaga 30-35 varSa purAnA hai / kaTare ke mandira meM do vediyAM haiN| eka vedI para maUgaMja ke hilakI grAma se prApta 1008 bhagavAna zAntinAtha kI khaGgAsana mUrti hai| usake sAtha kucha anya mUrtiyAM bhI hai| isa vedI kA nirmANa vIra nirvANa saMvat 2441 ( 1914 ) meM kiyA gayA thaa| isa vizAlakAya AkarSakamUrti para koI lekha utkIrNa nahIM hai| aisI hI eka mUrti satanA ke digambara jaina mandira meM hai| ina mUrtiyoM ke prati janoM meM bar3A zraddhAbhAva hai /

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34 paM0 dhaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa ___ kaTarA jaina mandira kI dUsarI vedI kA nirmANa bahuta purAnA nahIM hai, phira bhI usa para virAjamAna aneka ghAtumaya, pASANa evaM saMgamaramara kI 32 mUrtiyoM meM saMvat 1694 ( 1637 I0 ) se lekara san 1955 taka kI pratiSThita mUrtiyAM haiM / inameM eka pItala kI caubIsI bhI hai| inameM aneka mUrtiyA~ para mahatvapUrNa lekha haiM jinase tatkAlIna maTTAraka paramparA evaM jaina kula paramparAoM kA patA calatA hai| prastuta vivaraNa meM inameM se kucha mUrtiyoM para daMkita mahatvapUrNa lekha diye jA rahe haiN| pItala kI caubIsI kA lekha ___ isa caubIsI kA lekha isa vedI kI pratimAoM meM sabase prAcIna hai / yaha lekha saM0 1694 ( 1637 I0) kA hai : saMvat 1694 vaisAkha vadI 6 budha, bhaTTAraka lalita korti, tatpaTTe maTTAraka dharmakIti, tatputra sakalacaMdra bhaTTAraka AcArya zrI padmakIrti tatpaTTe guNakarame, hajaratazAha ugrasena mUla saMghe balAtkAra gaNe dhanAmUra kAsalla gotra rAghobA, AzAdAsa, dvArikI tatputra rAmamanohara sa0 vande praNamati lekhaka hIrArbhAna / isa lekha meM lalitakIrti, dharmakIrti, sakalacandra, padmakIti evaM guNakara bhaTTArakoM kI paraMparA dI gaI hai / yahI paraMparA chatarapura ke caudharI maMdira kI meru prazasti (1224 ) meM kucha parivartana ke sAtha hai| sAtha hI rAdhobA AzAdAsa ke mUra-gotra dene se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha caubIsI paurapaTTAnvayI bhakta ne pratiSThita karAI hai| isameM pratiSThA yA pratiSThApaka kA sthAna-vizeSa ullikhita nahIM hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa lekha ke ma0 lalitakIrti dillI gaddI ke 1861 ke bhaTTAraka se bhinna hai| pamAsana pArzvanAtha kI mUrti kA lekha yaha saMvata 1713 ( 1656 I.) kA lekha hai| isameM bhaTTAraka paraMparA aura pratiSThApaka kula-paraMparA kA ullekha hai| saMvat 1713 mArgazIrSa sudI 4 dezastha ravivAsare zrI mUlasaMdhe balAtkAragaNe sarasvatI gacche dattaMdAvanAnvaye tatparAyoge bhaTTAraka zrI lalitakIrti tatpaTTe dharmakIti devajU, tatpaTTe paM0 padmakIrti deva""" paM0 sakalakIti gurUpadezAt paurapaTTe aSTasAkhAnvaye saM0 grAhakadAsa cau0 phar3ana samAvate paM0 zrI dvArakAdAsa saM0 parasottama sAhU bahe copar3AgAme niramaulI kapUracaMda 84 nalI so0 vanitA bhavi tadetat praNamati / caturanasiMha kamalakalI jagole rAmacaMdra praNoti saH etat praNamati / isa lesa meM lalitakIti, dharmakIrti, padmakIrti aura sakalakIti (paM0 ) kI paraMparA dI gaI hai / nemacaMdra zAstrI ke anusAra dharmakIti kA samaya 1588-1625 I0 mAnA jAtA hai| isa AdhAra para paM0 sakalakIti kA aura pratiSThA kA samaya bhI sahI baiThatA hai| lekina paM0 sakalakIti evaM padmakIti ke viSaya meM pUrNa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai / yaha mUrti bhI copaDA grAma ke aSTazAkhAnvayI paurapada bhakta ne pratiSThita karAI thii| 3. pItala ke mAnastaMbha para lekha yaha lekha saM0 1871 ( 1814 I0 ) kA hai| isameM bhaTTAraka paraMparA to nahIM dI gaI hai, para candrapurI bhaTTAraka kA nAma avazya hai / pratiSThApaka bhakta ke gotra mUra se usakA paurapaTTAnvayI honA siddha hotA hai| saM0 1871 phAguna vadI 4 zrI mUlasaMdhe sarasvatIbalAtkAragaNe zrI AcArya kuMdakuMdAnvaye makhAvalI caMdrapurI bhaTTAraka jI zrI caudharI umarAvajI, caudharI kuMvara jU padmAmUrI kochalla gotra haTA dhIvAle

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rIvA ke kaTarA jaina mandira kI mUrtiyoM para prazastiyA~ 345 4. 1872 kI do pratiSThita mUrtiyoM para pUrNa vivaraNa nahIM hai / phira bhI vahAM caudharI umarAva, madhu kuMvara, bahAdura kuMvara ke nAmoM ke sAtha amAna siMha kA bhI ullekha hai / 5] 5. eka padmAsana mUrti para kevala 1568 mUlasaMghe vaisAkha sudI 9 praNamatizrI bhara utkIrNa hai / 6. anya aneka mUrtiyoM para kevala tithi aura saMvat mAtra aMkita hai / una lekhoM ko dekhane para jJAta hotA hai| 1902 - 1980 taka jAtA hai / para jaina ne chatarapura ke maMdiroM kI mUrtiyoM ke lekhoM kA saMkalana kiyA hai| ki rIvA kI mUrtiyoM kI tulanA meM vahAM mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA kA samaya parisara saM0 rovA meM prApta 1694, 1713 evaM 1971-72 ke lekhoM ke samAna hI chatarapura kI tatkAlIna mUrtiyoM para lekha pAye jAte haiN| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki saMbhavataH ye mUrtiyAM usI kSetra se yahAM AI hoN| isa viSaya meM purAtatvatoM evaM itihAsavidoM dvArA anveSaNa Avazyaka hai / saMdarbha 1. jaina, kamalakumAra; jinamUrti prazasti saMgraha, bar3A maMdira, chatarapura, 1982 hamArA zarIra sthUla hai, kiMtu isameM gajaba kI sUkSmatA hai / mastiSka zarIra kA hamArA hamAre zarIra meM sATha kharaba jAla ko yadi eka rekhA meM kevala do pratizata bhAga hai lekina isameM eka kharaba 'nyUrAnsa' haiN| kozikAyeM haiM / ye svaniyaMtrita haiN| zarIra meM vidyamAna jJAnataMtuoM ke bichAyA jAya, to ve eka lAkha vargamIla taka pahu~ca jAte haiN| ye jJAnataMtu hamArI vidyut ke saMvAhaka haiM / hama apane zarIra ko abhI bhI pUre taura se nahIM jAna pAye haiN| jaba hama sthUla zarIra ko hI pUrA nahIM jAnate, to phira sUkSma zarIra kI bAta to dUra hI rahI / AtmA ke jAnane kI bAta to aura bhI sudUra hogI /

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bIsavIM sadI kI eka jenetara jaina vibhUti : ku~vara digvijaya siMha DaoN0 ke0 ela0 jaina saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya rAyapura, ma0 pra0 jainevara vidvAnoM kA jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra meM yogadAna bhagavAn mahAvIra ke yuga se jaina saMskRti kA itihAsa batAtA hai ki jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra meM jainetara dharmAvalambiyoM ne bahumukhI yogadAna kiyA hai| mahAvIra ke prathama gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama prArambha meM svayaM eka vaidika vidvAn the / unake anya gaNadhara bhI jainetara vidvAn hI the / hamArI dvAdazAMgI inhIM gaNadharoM kI dena hai / yaha acaraja kI bAta hai ki mahAvIra ke gaNadharoM meM eka bhI pAzrvApatya nahIM thA / uttaravartI sadiyoM meM hameM samantabhadra, pUjyapAda, pAtrakesari akalaMka, vidyAnanda, haribhadrasUri, Adi purANakAra jinasena, kundakunda ke TIkAkAra amRtacandra evaM anya AcAryoM ke nAma milate haiM / unnIsavIM-bIsavIM sadI meM bhI hameM varNI-bandhu, svAmI karmAnanda aura ku~vara digvijaya siMha kI gAthAe~ milatI hai / pUrva ke sAtha pazcima ke bhI DA0 harmana yAkobI, zUbriMga, ailsaDorpha, DA0 candrabhAla tripAThI, DA0 nAkAmurA aura yUno, arnesTa veMDara, maiDama kolekaile, pro0 DailU, DA0 e0 ela0 vAzama Adi vidvAnoM ke nAma sujJAta haiM / mahAvIra kAla se lekara abataka uparokta aura anya sabhI jainetara jaina mAnyatAoM kI tarkagabhitA, sAmayika upayogitA evaM vyApakatA se prabhAvita hue| anekoM ne jainadharma grahaNa kara usake prasAra aura adhyayana meM yogadAna kiyA / aneka apane pantha meM rahakara hI jaina vidyAoM ke prakAzana evaM samvardhana meM yogadAna kara rahe haiM / bIsavIM sadI ke prArambha ke pramukha jaina-saMskRti unnAyaka jainadharma se prabhAvita hokara jaina hI bana gaye the / inameM se varNI-bandhuoM - A0 gaNeNa varNI, A0 bhagIratha varNI ko kauna nahIM jAnatA ? unhoMne jaina evaM janetara samAja ko AdhyAtmika utthAna kI saritA meM nimijjita kara satpatha kI ora unmukha karAyA / isa lekha meM hama aisI hI eka anya vibhUti kA paricaya de rahe haiM jo jaina jagata meM Aja prAyaH ajJAta hai, para jisane isa sadI ke lagabhaga tIna prArambhika dazakoM meM sAre uttara bhArata meM jainadharma kI dundubhi bajAI thI evaM AryasamAja ke AropoM kA sapramANa uttara dekara aneka kSetroM meM jainadharma kI pratiSThA bar3hAI thii| isa vibhUti kA nAma hai : bra0 ku~vara digvijaya siMha / janma evaM zikSA 1885 ko vIdhUpura ( jilA iTAvA, u0 pra0 ) meM huA jamIMdAra the| usa samaya ku~bara sAhaba ke cAcA ThAkura bhadauriyA vaMza kI kulhaiyA zAkhA meM ku~vara digvijaya siMha kA janma maMgalavAra, 5 agasta thaa| unake pitA ThAkura bhagata siMha jI apane gA~va ke raIsa evaM raghuvIra siMha mahArAjA bIkAnera ke pradhAnamantrI the / ve kSatriya varNa ke agnikula ke utpanna hue the / una dinoM inakA parivAra dhana-dhAnya-sampanna, vidyAvAn evaM rAjasammAna Adi se pratiSThita thA / hamAre mitra nandalAla ne inake gA~va kA paryaTana kiyA hai / ku~vara parivAra kI gar3hI Aja bhI maujUda hai para vodhUpurA gA~va ne koI vizeSa pragati kI ho, aisA nahIM lagatA / kuMvara sAhaba do bhAI the / Apake aneka prapautra Aja bhI iTAvA, dillI evaM jayapura meM rahate haiM / Apake eka prapautra ne dillI meM 'bhAdoriyA udyoga' nAmaka eka khyAtiprApta saMsthAna sthApita kiyA hai /

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bIsavIM sadI ko eka janetara jaina vibhUti : kuvara digvijaya siMha 347 kuMvara sAhaba ne apanI prArambhika zikSA apane gAMva ke skUla meM hI pAMca varSa kI umra se prArambha kii| kucha samaya pazcAt ve apane nAnA bAbU brahmAsiMha ke ghara gye| ve choTI juhI, kAnapura meM rahate the| vahA~ inhoMne jilA skUla meM dasavIM kakSA taka zikSA prApta kii| inhoMne saMskRta kA bhI adhyayana kiyaa| unakA hRdaya vicAraka evaM vivekavAn thaa| unakI dharma, deza aura sadAcAra pAlana meM gaharI AsthA thii| apane kuladharma ke prati agAdha AsthA ke kAraNa unhoMne bhAgavata, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, gItA aura vedAnta kA bhI acchA adhyayana kiyaa| una dinoM unake kSetra meM AryasamAja ke vidvAnoM dvArA dharma pracAra kiyA jAtA thaa| kavara sAhaba unake samparka meM Aye / unakI ruci AryasamAja ke prati jgii| tadanusAra, ve sandhyA-vandana Adi kI dainika kriyAyeM karane lge| jainadharma ke prati AkarSaNa kA suyoga ve san 1909 ke phAlguna mAsa meM apanI jamIMdArI ke adhikAra sambandhI rajisTrI karAne iTAvA Ae the| taba iTAvA ke jaina-vidvAn paM0 puttUlAla jI se unakA samparka huaa| unase unhoMne jainadharma kI jAnakArI prApta kii| unakI paMDita jIse jainadharma ke viSaya meM carcA hone lgii| unameM unheM aneka zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna milatA thaa| unakI jijJAsA ko bhAMpakara paNDita jI ne kuMvara sAhaba ko dazalakSaNa parva meM iTAvA Amantrita kiyaa| una dinoM dazadharmoM kA videcana tathA tatvArthasUtra kA pravacana sunakara unheM jainadharma-viSayaka vizeSa ruci jAgRta huI / tava se ve jainadharma ke adhyayana meM samaya dene lge| isake pUrva ve Arya-samAja ke samarthana meM bhASaNa dete the| kabhI-kabhI ve AryasamAja kI ora se jainadharma ke siddhAntoM para prahAra bhI kiyA karate the| kArtika kRSNa caturdazI, san 1910 ko AryasamAja, iTAvA kA vArSika utsava hone vAlA thaa| usameM AryasamAja ke svAmI satyapriya sanyAsI, paM0 rudradatta zarmA, svAmI brahmAnanda Adi aneka vidvAn Ae the| usa samaya kuMvara sAhaba ne ina vidvAnoM ke samakSa aneka zaMkAyeM rkhiiN| ye adhikatara ve hI thIM jo jainiyoM kI ora se AryasamAja ke vidvAnoM ke sAmane rakhI jAtI thiiN| ve ina zaMkAoM kA samucita samAdhAna na kara ske| isase kuMvara sAhaba ke mana meM jainadharma ke prati aura bhI gaharI zraddhA ho gii| iTAvA meM AryasamAja se zAstrArtha karane ke liye vahA~ ke vaidya candrasena jI ne paNDita gopAladAsa baraiyA ko Amantrita kiyA thaa| usa zAstrArtha ke samaya kuMvara sAhaba vahA~ upasthita the| baraiyAjI ko yuktiyoM se ve bahuta prabhAvita hae / unhoMne AryasamAja kA parityAga kara jainadharma meM dIkSita hone kI ghoSaNA kara dii| somavAra, dinAMka 14 mArca 1910 ko iTAvA meM eka jaina sammelana Ayojita kiyA gyaa| isameM kavara digvijaya siMha jI kA jainadharma para sarvaprathama hRdayagrAhI evaM prabhAvaka bhASaNa haa| nyAya divAkara paM0 pannAlAla jI evaM paM0 gopAladAsa jI baraiyA ne unake bhASaNa kI sarAhanA karate hue unakA mAlyArpaNa dvArA sammAna kiyaa| jainatatva prakAzinI saMsthA, iTAvA ne kuMvara sAhaba ko jovanI aura unakA bhASaNa prakAzita kiyaa| yaha aba anupalabdha hai| brahmacarya vrata aura jainadharma pracAra janadharma kI dIkSA lene ke pazcAta unhoMne brahmacarya brata aMgIkAra kiyaa| aneka varSa taka ve RSabha di. jaina brahmacaryAzrama (gurukula), mathurA meM sevA karate rahe aura bAda meM unhoMne apano sevAyeM bhAratavarSIya di0 jaina zAstrArtha saMgha ko samarpita kara dI / unhoMne apanA jIvana jainadharma ke pracAra hetu lagA diyaa| bhA0 di0 jaina saMgha ne pahale to zAstrArtha saMgha ke nAma se aneka sthAnoM para zAstrArtha kiye| para jaba Arya samAja ke vidvAn svAmI karmAnanda jaina bana gaye, taba ye zAstrArtha prAyaH banda ho gye| isake bAda saMgha ne jainadharma ke |

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348 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa pracAra kA kArya apane hAtha meM liyaa| Adhunika DhaMga se pracAra karane kI dRSTi se saMgha ne eka upadezaka vibhAga sthApita kiyA, eka upadezaka prazikSaNa vidyAlaya bhI claayaa| isa vibhAga meM kArya karane vAloM meM pramukha ka~vara sAhaba hI the| anya sahayogI vidvAnoM meM paM0 hariprasAda nyAyatIrtha, paM0 vidyAnanda zarmA, svAmI karmAnanda, paM. ajita kumAra zAstrI, vANIbhUSaNa paM0 tulasIrAma kAvyatIrtha, veda vidyAvizArada paM0 maMgalasena evaM bAbU jayabhagavAna vakIla Adi the| tabhI se kaMvara sAhaba ne jaina samAja kI ora se AyasamAja vidvAnoM ke sAtha aneka zAstrArtha kiye / san 1927 meM maI mAha meM vilasI (badAyaM) meM AryasamAja ke vidvAna paM0 vaMzIdhara jI zAstrI ke sAtha bhI unakA eka zAstrArtha huA thaa| mA0 di0 jaina saMgha ke upadezaka vibhAga ke vidvAn ke rUpa meM unhoMne deza bhara meM bhramaNa kara dharmapracAra kiyaa| ve siMha kI taraha nirbhIka the aura unhoMne zAstrArtha dvArA digvijaya bhI prApta kii| isa kAraNa unakA digvijaya siMha nAma 'yathAnAma tathAgaNa' ke anusAra sArthaka thaa| __ kaMvara sAhaba janmanA jaina nahIM the| unhoMne parIkSApUrvaka viveka se jainadharma ko utkRSTa samajha jainatva grahaNa kiyA / ataH ve rUr3hivAda ke virodhI the| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaba 1927 meM dillI meM sudhAravAdI jainoM dvArA bhA0 di0 jaina pariSad kI sthApanA huI, taba kuMvara sAhaba ne isa kArya meM preraka mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nivAhI thii| isa pariSad kii| sthApanA di0 jaina mahAsabhA ke purANapaMthI logoM kI anudAratA ke phalasvarUpa kI gaI thii| isake pramukha karNadhAroM meM ajitaprasAda jaina, bairisTara campatarAya, ma. bhagavAnadona, brazItalaprasAda Adi the| isa kArya meM kuMvara sAhaba kI bhUmikA se spaSTa hotA hai ki ve udAratA, pragatizIlatA evaM samAja sevA kI pratimUrti the| ve na kevala jainadharma meM vizvAsa hI karate the, apitu ve jaina samAja se usake siddhAntoM ke anurUpa pravRtti karane ke kArya meM ruci rakhate the / jainadharma ke pracAra evaM zikSaNa hetu vindhyAMcala yAtrA prArambha meM jaina saMgha pracArakoM dvArA hI dharma pracAra karatA thaa| ve prAyaH saMsthA vizeSa ke liye candA mAMgane ke udadezya se jAte the / ve bhI zaharoM meM jAte the, gAMvoM kA kSetra unase achatA thA / para upadezaka-vibhAga ke nirmANa evaM kuMvara digvijaya siMha jI ke sakriyaNa ke kAraNa dharma pracAra yAtrAoM kA svarUpa hI badala gyaa| upadezaka ke rUpa meM kaMvara ne uttara pradeza, bihAra, paMjAba, dillI, harayANA evaM madhya kSetra kI yAtrA kI aura jainadharma kI pratiSThA meM cAra cAMda lgaaye| haba SamsuTEST brahmacArI kuMvara digvijaya siMha zrI mUlacandra bar3akura, bar3A zAhagar3ha

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bIsavIM sadI kI eka jainetara jaina vibhUti : kuMvara digvijaya siMha 349 kaMvara sAhaba eka suyogya evaM ojasvI vaktA the| kSatriya kulotyanna hone se unameM teja thA / upadezaka ke rUpa meM ve zveta cAdara or3hate the aura cAMdI ke phema vAlA sapheda cazmA lagAte the| unakI dAr3hI bar3hI huI thii| isase unakA vyaktitva aura bhI manamohaka ho gayA thaa| unake AkarSaka vyaktitva ne unakI bhASaNa kalA ko aura bhI camakAyA / ve jainajainetara samAja ko jainadharma kI prazaMsA dvArA atyanta manomohaka rUpa se prabhAvita karate the| ve siha aura lauha-puruSa ke samAna sthAna-sthAna para zrotAoM ko jainadharma kI zikSA lene hetu bAlakoM aura navayuvakoM ko prerita karate the| jisa prakAra Arya-vidvAn svAmI karmAnanda ke jaina dharmAvalambI bana jAne se jainadharma ke pracAra meM bar3A bala milA, usase bhI adhika prabhAva kaMvara sAhaba ke jaina-dharma pracAra kA pdd'aa| ve jIvana ke anta taka jainadharma ke zraddhAnI evaM anuyAyI rhe| isake viparyAsa meM, svAmI karmAnanda antima samaya meM jainadharma tyAga kara aravindAzrama cale gaye the| upadezaka ke rUpa meM aneka kSetroM kI yAtrA ke atirikta kuMvara sAhaba ne vindhya kSetra ke aneka sthAnoM kI yAtrA kI thii| satanA, zahaDola, chatarapura aura anya sthAnoM ke loga Aja bhI unakI dhavala vezabhUSA evaM prabhAvI bhASaNoM kA smaraNa karate haiM / satanA nagara meM unhoMne eka caumAsA bitAyA aura dharma zikSA hetu kakSAyeM calAI thiiN| unake bhASaNoM se prabhAvita hokara satanA nagara se do vyakti unake sAtha kucha dinoM taka unakI dharma pracAra-yAtrA meM rhe| unameM se eka bar3A zAhagar3ha (chatarapura) nivAsI zrI mUlacandra bar3hakura bhI the| ve lagabhaga eka varSa taka unake sAtha rhe| unake satsaMga se unake mana meM vicAra AyA thA ki ve apane putroM ko kuMvara sAhaba jaisA banAyeMge / sambhavataH unakI dhArmika preraNA hI zrI bar3hakura ke putroM meM dhArmika evaM samAja sevA ke kSetra meM kArya karane ke liye phalavatI huI hai / yaha sukhada saMyoga hI hai ki merI sUcanA ke anusAra, unake hI eka putra prastuta sAhitya yajJa ke hotA hai / zrI dazaratha jaina eDavokeTa ke anusAra, kuMvara sAhaba ko eka bAra chatarapura mahArAja vizvanAtha siMha ne eka sarva dharma sammelana ke liye jainadharma ke pratinidhi ke rUpa meM chatarapura Ane ke liye nimantrita kiyA thaa| unake bhASaNoM kA jainetaroM ke sAtha jainoM para bhI prabhAva par3A evaM chatarapura meM eka zamAM baMdha gayA thaa| ve mUrtipUjA ke manovaijJAnikataH samarthaka the / chatarapura ke tatkAlIna samaiyAjana unake mUrtipUjA-sambandhI toM se itane prabhAvita hue ki unhoMne usa samaya apane caityAlaya meM mUrtipUjA prArambha kara dI thii| karmaNA jaina ko vizeSatA kuMvara sAhaba janmanA jaina nahIM the, karmaNA jaina the| jainetara kula se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa unako karmatA aura bhI prabhAvI evaM preraka bana gaI thii| isakA kAraNa unakA bahu-darzanI jJAna evaM bahu-AyAmI pariveza rahA hai| isase usakI anekAMta dRSTi, ahiMsA bhAvanA tathA Izvara ke sRSTi kartRtva-sambandhI jaina vicAra unheM jama gaye / pUjya gaNezaprasAda varNI para bhI yaha tathya lAgU hotA hai / vastutaH janetara vyakti kiMcit taTastha rahakara viSaya kA vastugata vizleSaNa karatA hai, isaliye vaha prabhAvI ho jAtA hai / aise hI vyakti preraNA-srota hote haiN| 'anekAnta' ke vartamAna saMpAdaka paM0 padmacandra zAstrI ke vyaktitva aura abhivyaktitva kA nirmANa kaMvara sAhaba kI preraNA se hI huA hai| unhoMne padmacandra jI ke pitAjI se 1927 meM kahA thA "padmacandra ko vidvAn bnaao|" bAlaka ke sira para hAtha rakhakara praraNA evaM AzIrvAda bhI diyA thaa| isI kAraNa paM0 padmacandra jI brahmacaryAzrama, mathurA meM aura bAda meM saMgha ke upadezaka vidyAlaya meM adhyayana hetu bheje jA ske| paNDitajI ne apane eka lekha meM yaha bAta svIkAra kI hai ki maiM nirbhIkatApUrvaka aisI bAta likha detA hU~ jisase sthitipAlaka tathA anya loga, sahana nahIM kara pAne ke kAraNa, ruSTa ho jAte haiN| unakI yaha spaSTavAditA kI vRtti kaMvara sAhaba kI hI dena hai| ve 'anekAnta' ke 'jarA sociye stambha ke antargata aise aneka viSayoM evaM prakaraNoM para prakAza DAlate haiM jinase samAja ke vartamAna ke sAtha bhaviSya bhI kIrtimAna bana sakatA hai|

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350 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa vartamAna meM, sAmAnya jaina yaha mAnatA hai ki use apanA dharma janmanA uttarAdhikAra ke rUpa meM milA hai / ataH usakI dharma meM gaharI AsthA evaM pravRtti nahIM hotii| yaha ThIka usI prakAra kI bAta hai ki jina logoM ko paryApta dhana kA uttarAdhikAra milatA hai, ve usakA mahatva nahIM AMka paate| isake viparyApta meM, jo apane parizrama se saMpatti ajita karate haiM, ve hI usakA sahI mUlyAMkana karate haiN| usake saMrakSaNa evaM abhivardhana ke liye dattacitta rahate haiN| kavara sAhaba ne bhI jainadharma ko apane viveka se apanAyA thA, ataH unhoMne isakI mahattA aura upayogitA kA apane liye tathA samAja ke liye sadupayoga kiyaa| maiMne AcArya rajanIza ke eka pravacana meM eka laghu kathA par3ho thii| eka bAra amarIkA kA sarvAdhika sampanna vyakti hainarI phorDa landana gyaa| vahAM sTezana para usane sarvAdhika saste hoTala ke bAre meM jAnakArI kii| pUchatAcha ke daurAna hoTala vAle ne kahA, "ApakA ceharA amarIkA ke hainarI phorDa ke prakAzita phoTo se milatA hai|" hainarI ne kahA, "hA~, maiM vahI vyakti huuN|" "mahodaya, para Apake lar3ake jaba yahA~ Ate haiM, to sabase mahagA hoTala pUchate haiN| aura Apa........"sabase sastA hoTala pUcha rahe haiM ? "maiM garIba bApa kA beTA huuN| maiMne apane zrama evaM sUjha-bUjha se yaha sampatti ajita kI hai| ise maiM yoM hI kharca nahIM kara sktaa| mere beTe amIra bApa ke beTe haiN| unheM binA zrama kiye uttarAdhikAra meM dhana milA hai / ataH ve maMhage hoTaloM meM kharca kara sakate haiN|" isa ghaTanA se hameM zikSA lenA cAhiye ki uttarAdhikAra meM mile dharma meM jo acchAiyAM yA vizeSatAeM haiM, unheM hama adhyayana evaM viveka se jaan-phcaaneN| unake prati AsthAvAn banakara apane jIvana meM utaareN| hama janmanA to hai hI, karmaNA bhI jaina banane kA prayatna kareM / karmaNA jaina banane kA vizeSa mahatva hai| asAmayika nidhana san 1910 se kuMvara sAhaba ne nirantara jainadharma kI sevA kii| isa kArya meM unake parivAra janoM ne koI bAdhA nahIM ddaalii| unakI patnI hindUdharma kA hI pAlana karatI rahI para usane unake jaina banane evaM usake pracAra meM saMlagna rahane ke liye kisI prakAra kI Apatti nahIM kii| hA~, kuvara sAhaba ke kAraNa samUce parivAra meM udAratA ke bIja avazya pnpe| yaha sahI hai ki unake putroM ne unake mArga kA anukaraNa nahIM kiyaa| zAstrArtha saMgha aura phira jaina saMgha meM rahakara kuMvara sAhaba ke jainadharma kA jitanA pracAra kiyA, usake prati jaina samAja jitanI bhI kRtajJatA vyakta kare, kama hai|| ___ dharmapracAra ke atirikta, unhoMne kucha sAhitya bhI racA thaa| hamAre mitra zrI jaina ne isa sAhitya kI prApti ke liye yatna bhI kiyA, para vaha unheM nahIM mila skaa| kahate haiM ki choTI-moTI kula milAkara unakI bAIsa pustakeM haiM / inakA vyaktitva evaM kRtitva anusandhAna viSaya ke rUpa meM lenA cAhiye / aise karmaTha, sevAbhAvI vyakti kA nidhana zAstrArtha saMgha ke ambAlA chAvanI kendra para dharmapracAra karate hue 7 apraila 1935 ko ho gyaa| mere zraddhAsumana unheM samarpita hai / *. "jaina darzana" saMghAMka, 'vIra' ke bhilAI aMka, paM0 padmacandra zAstrI, ena0 ela0 jaina, DA0 DI0 ke0 jaina, bhiMDa Adi ke lekhoM-sUcanAoM evaM sahayoga ke AdhAra para sAbhAra likhita /

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paurapATa (paravAra) anvaya-1 paM0 phUlacandra siddhAnta zAstrI rur3akI 1. jaina jAtiyoM kA prArambhika kAla bhAratavarSa agaNita jAtiyoM kA deza hai| jina dharmoM ke anuyAyiyoM ne jAtiprathA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA, unakI saMkhyA kI dRSTi se vRddhi huI hai, yaha pratyakSa hai / vastutaH jAtiprathA vaidika dharma kI dena hai / vahI eka aisA dharma hai jo 'janmanA' jAtiprathA ko mAnatA hai| jainadharma meM usakI nakala huI hai| yadyapi isa dharma meM AcAra kI dRSTi se bheda kiyA jAtA hai, para usakA sthAna janmanA jAtiprathA ne le liyA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki isa prathA ne mahAvIra ke kAla meM bhI samAja meM apanA sthAna banA liyA thaa| yadyapi mUla purANoM para dRSTipAta karane se isakA AbhAsa nahIM hotA ki mahAvIra-kAla meM jaina samAja meM jAtiprathA cAlU ho gaI thI, para unameM vaMzoM aura kuloM ke nAma Aye haiN| apekSA vizeSa ke kAraNa dharmagranthoM meM bhI kuloM aura gaNoM ke nAma milate hai| udAharaNArtha, mahAvIra kA janma 'jJAtRka' vaMza meM huA thA, isane hI vartamAna meM 'jaghariyA' nAma se eka pracalita jAti kA rUpa le liyA hai / yadyapi jaina purANoM meM pracalita jAtiyoM kA ullekha kahIM bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hotA, para usakA kAraNa anya hai| abhI taka AgamoM meM jitane bhI ullekha milate haiM, unake anusAra pUrA jaina saMgha cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta thA-muni, ApikA, zrAvaka, zrAvikA / jaina paramparA ke anasAra. isa avasapiNI yuga meM samavazaraNa kI vyavasthA itihAsAtIta kAla se hI calI A rahI hai| isameM manuSya, deva aura tiyacoM ko dharmasabhA meM baiThane ke liye bAraha kakSoM kI racanA hotI thii| usameM sabhI prakAra kI striyoM ke baiThane ke liye alaga-alaga kakSoM kI racanA ke bAvajUda bhI sabhI prakAra ke manuSyoM ke liye eka hI kakSa nizcita rahatA thaa| isa AdhAra para yaha to nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina paramparA meM tIrthakara mahAvIra ke bAda hI jAtiprathA ko sthAna mila sakA hai| isake pUrva vartamAna jAtiyoM meM se kucha rahI bhI hoM, to bhI samAja meM dhArmika dRSTi se unakA koI sthAna nahIM thaa| ____ isa paramparA meM jAtiprathA ke prArambha ke jJAna ke liye hameM dhArmika dRSTi se likhe gaye purANoM ke atirikta anya jaina sAhitya para bhI dRSTipAta karanA hogaa| isa dRSTi se, sabase pahale hamArI dRSTi samyak darzana ke paccIsa doSoM para jAtI hai / inameM samAhita ATha madoM meM kula aura jAti mada ke nAma haiN| mUla paramparA ke sabhI granthoM meM inakA niSedha pAyA jAtA hai / ratnakaraMDa zrAvakAcAra lagabhaga prathama zatAbdi kI racanA hai / isake ATha madoM meM samAhita kula-jAti madoM ke nirUpaNa se vidita hotA hai ki jenoM meM jAti-prathA isa kAla se pahale ho praviSTa ho cukI thii| kula-paramparA tA purANa kAla meM bhI pracalita thI, isaliye usakA niSedha to samajha meM AtA hai para jAtiprathA purANa kAla meM nahIM thii| isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki sambhavataH isa zabda kA artha brAhmaNAdi jAtiyoM se rahA hogaa|| karane se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jainadharma meM jina vargoM ko karma se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, unheM hI brAhmaNa dharma meM jAti zabda se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| phalasvarUpa jAtinAma aura ucca-nIca kA vyavahAra loka meM cAlU ho gyaa| jainadharma

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352 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa bhI isase achUtA nahIM raha sakA / isIliye samantabhadra ne kulamada ke sAtha jAtimada kA bhI niSedha kiyA hai| mUlAcAra ke piMDazuddhi adhikAra meM varNita AhAra sambandhI AjIvanAmaka doSa ke samAharaNa se bhI isako puSTi hotI hai / mUlAcAra aura ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra-donoM ho IsA kI prathama sadI yA isase pUrva likhe jA cuke the / isase lagatA hai ki isa kAla meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM jAtiprathA cAla hokara pradezabheda aura AcArabheda se pracalita ho cukI thii| tisaMca yoni ke hAthI, ghor3A, gau Adi vargoM ke samAna manuSya bhI aneka vargoM meM vibhakta kiye gye| eka-eka varNa ke antargata dRzyamAna aneka jAtiyAM aura upajAtiyA~ isI vyavasthA kA pariNAma hai| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki uparokta granthoM meM ullikhita jAtiyAM vartamAna meM eka-eka varNa ke bhItara pracalita aneka jAtiyA~ na hokara una varNoM ko hI jAti zabda dvArA abhihita kiyA gayA hai / isaliye vartamAna meM pracalita aneka jAtiyoM ko tattat kulagata hI mAnanA cAhiye / parantu aneka itihAsajJoM kA mata hai ki vartamAna meM pracalita jAtiyoM kI pUrvAvadhi adhika-se-adhika sAtavIM-AThavIM sadI ho sakatI hai| AcArya kSitimohana sena inameM mukhya haiN| agaracanda nAhaTA aura cintAmaNi vinAyaka vaidya kA bhI yahI mata hai| unake anusAra, IsA kI sAtavI-AThavIM (vikrama kI AThavIM) sadI taka brAhmaNa aura kSatriyoM ke samAna sAre bhArata meM vaizyoM kI eka hI jAti thii| satyaketu vidyAlaMkAra ne bhI bhAratIya itihAsa meM AThavIM sadI ko mahatvapUrNa parivartana kI sadI mAnA hai| isa kAla meM purAne maurya, pAMcAla, andhakavRSNi, bhoja Adi rAjakuloM kA lopa ho gayA aura cauhAna, rAThaura, paramAra Adi naye rAjakuloM kI zakti prakaTa huii| pUrNacandra nAhara ne bhI osavAla jAti kI sthApanA ke sambandha meM isI prakAra kA mata vyakta kiyA hai / isa prakAra jAtiprathA ke pracalita hone ke viSaya meM vibhinna vidvAnoM ke lagabhaga eka hI prakAra ke mata avazya hai, kintu 7-8vIM sadI ke pUrva varNa ho jAti zabdavAcya rahe hoM, aisA ekAnta se to nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yaha sahI hai ki brAhmaNoM ne apane varNa kI utkRSTatA mAnane ke lie pANini-kAla meM hI use karmaNA na mAnakara kara diyA thaa| isa prakAra vargoM ke sthAna para jAti zabda kA prayoga hone lagA thaa| itanA hI nahIM, 8-9vIM sadI ke pUrva pradezabheda aura AcaraNabheda bhI ina bhedoM kA kAraNa rahA ho, yaha sambhava hai| jitane hI hama pUrvakAla ko ora jAte haiM, utanA hI unameM pradeza va AcaraNa se bheda hotA huA dIkhatA hai| agravAla ne batAyA hai ki bhinna-bhinna dezoM meM basa jAne ke kAraNa brAhmaNoM ke alaga-alaga kAmoM kI prathA cala par3I thii| isI prakAra kSatriyoM ke sambandha meM bhI unhoMne kahA hai ki pahale janapadoM ke nAma unameM basane vAle kSatriyoM ke AdhAra para rakhe gaye, jaise paJcAla / bAda meM jaba janapada nAma kI pradhAnatA huI, taba janapariSad lokaprasiddha hue| pANini vyAkaraNa meM gRhastha ke liye 'gRhapati' zabda hai / maurya-zuMga yuga meM 'gRhapati' samRddha vaizya vyApAriyoM ke lie prayukta hotA thA / inhIM meM gahoI vaizya prasiddha hue| __ pataMjali ke anusAra cANDAla Adi nimna zUdra jAtiyAM prAyaH grAma, ghoSa, nagara Adi Arya bastiyoM meM ghara banAkara rahatI thiiN| para jahA~ grAma-nagara bahuta bar3e the, vahA~ unake bhItara bhI ve apane muhalloM meM rahane lage the| samAja meM sabase nIcI koTi ke zUdra the| bar3haI, luhAra, bunakara, dhobI, ayaskAra, tantuvAya Adi kI gaNanA zUdroM meM thI para ye yajJa sambandhI kucha kAryoM meM sammilita ho sakate the| lekina inake sAtha khAne-pIne ke bartanoM kI khuAchUta baratI jAtI thii| inase bhI UMcI jAti ke zUdra ve the jo nimantraNa hone para AryoM ke bartanoM meM ho khAte-pote the / ina udAharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki tIrthakara mahAvIra ke kAla meM yA usake kucha kAla bAda AjIvikA ke AdhAra para bhI jAtiyA~ banane lago thoN| tatvArthasUtra meM parigrahaparimANa ke prasaMga se kucha aise saMketa milate haiM ki karma ke AdhAra para vibhakta yaha mAnava samAja usa yuga meM nIca-U~ca ke garta meM phaMsakara kaI bhAgoM meM baMTa gayA thA / isa vrata ke atIcAroM meM

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paurapATa (paravAra) anvaya-1 353 . eka dAsI-dAsa pramANAtikrama bhI hai jisase spaSTa hai ki usa yuga meM dAsa prathA thI aura vratI dhAvaka ko isakI maryAdA karanA Avazyaka thaa| kauTilya ne bhI dAsaprathA kA ullekha kara usase chaTane ke upAya kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai-chuTakAre ke . rUpa meM nakada rupayA denA / aneka prakaraNoM se patA calatA hai ki jaina zrAvaka isa prathA ko banda karane meM sahAyaka hote rahe haiN| do hajAra varSa pUrva ke bhArata kI isa sAdhAraNa jhAMkI se spaSTa hai ki jAtiprathA kI nIva 7-8vIM sadI ke pUrva hI par3a gaI thii| jAtiprathA virodhI jainadharma apane ko isa burAI se na bacA sakA, isake kAraNa hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki mahAvIra kAla ke bAda dhIre-dhIre vaidika dharma kA prabhutva bar3hane lagA thA aura jainadharma kA prabhAva ghaTane lagA thaa| isake do kAraNa makhya haiM-(1) jainadharma ke pracArakoM aura upadezakoM kA abhAva / pahale jJAnI-dhyAnI munijana gA~va-gA~va vicara kara dharma kA sandesa jana-jana ko dete the| para kAladoSa evaM tyAgavRtti ko honatA se unakA abhAva ho gayA thaa| gRhastha unakI tyAgavRtti ke bhAra ko ThIka se samhAla nahIM pAye / samAja kI dhAraNA dUsarI, upadezoM ko duusro| isakA mela na baiThane se jainadharmiyoM kI saMkhyA uttarottara kama hotI gii| (2) samAja dvArA pradatta AjIvikA ke samucita sAdhanoM ke bala para brAhmaNa paNDita gAMva-gAMva basa kara daidika dharma kI prabhAvanA meM lage rhe| isa dharma ne samAja se AjIvikA lenA dharma kA hI aMga banA diyaa| ina donoM kAraNoM se jainAcAryoM ko jAtiprathA kA samAharaNa karane ke liye bAdhya honA pdd'aa| somadeva ke nimna zloka se yahI puSTa hotA hai : sarva eva hi jainAnAM, pramANaM laukiko vidhiH / yatra samyaktvahAnirna, yatra na vratadUSaNam // isase spaSTa hai ki jainadharma meM jAtiprathA ko laukika vidhi ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH isameM isa prathA ko svIkAra karane kA koI anya kAraNa spaSTa nahIM hai| yaha adhyAtmapravaNa dharma hote hue bhI isameM AcAra kI mukhyatA hai| isa prathA ko svIkAra kara lene kA ho yaha phala hai ki hameM bAhya meM aura usake sAtha abhyantara meM dharma kI chAyA milI huI hai| kahane ke liye to isa samaya jainoM meM 84 jAtiyA~ hai, para merI rAya meM katipaya jAtiyA~ to nAmazeSa ho gaI hai aura katipaya aisI bhI haiM jo do hajAra varSa pUrva bhI astitva meM A cukI thiiN| isa dRSTi se hama yahA~ paurapATa anvaya para vicAra kareMge kyoMki eka to yaha pUrA anvaya digambara hai aura dUsare yaha mUlasaMgha kundakunda AmnAya ko chor3akara anya kisI bhI AmnAya ko jIvana meM svIkAra nahIM krtaa| isIliye isa anvaya kA sAMgopAMga anusandhAna Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| 2. paurapATa anvaya / saMgaSThana ke mUla AdhAra anusandhAnoM se patA calatA hai ki isa anvaya ke saMgaThana ke nimna tIna mukhya AdhAra hai : (i) purAne jaina (ii) prAgvATa anvaya aura (ii) paravAra anvaya (1) purAne jaina __ vartamAna meM jo 'paravAra anvaya' kahA jAtA hai, usakA purAnA nAma 'paurapATa yA paurapaTTa' yA jo badalate 'paravAra' kyoM kahalAne lagA, isakA UhApoha svatantra lekha kA viSaya hai| mukhya prazna yaha hai ki yadi yaha anvaya mahAvIra kAla meM bhI pAyA jAtA thA, to isakA ullekha purANoM meM avazya hotaa| yaha tarka ucita nahIM lagatA ki jAtimada niSedha ke kAraNa isakA nAmollekha nahIM hai kyoMki yaha takaM varNoM, vaMzoM va kuloM para bhI lAgU hotA hai| isase kevala yahI artha spaSTa hotA hai ki ye anvaya mahAvIra kAla meM nahIM rhe| yaha mAnI huI bAta hai ki mahAvIra kAla ke caturvidha saMgha meM vibhakta to jaina the, unhIM meM se viziSTa pradezoM meM rahane ke kAraNa isa yA anya anvayoM kA saMgaThana huA hogaa|

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354 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa isa anvaya ke puruSoM ke mUlasaMgho hone ke kAraNa zvetapaTa-saMgha meM na jAkara mUlasaMgha meM hI rahanA svIkAra kiyA hogA evaM yaha prArambha se hI mUlasaMgha ko svIkAra karanevAlA banA rhaa| phira bhI, uttarakAla meM isane kundakundAmnAya ko hI kyoM svIkAra kiyA, isakA anUThA itihAsa hai| yaha bhI eka svatantra lekha kA viSaya hai| phira bhI, yahA~ itanA jAnanA paryApta hai ki kundakunda dakSiNa pradeza ke sapUta hokara bhI unhoMne usI paramparA kA puraskAra kiyA jo bha. mahAvIra ke se nirapavAda rUpa se calI A rahI thI aura jisako kevala paurapATa ne hI svIkAra kiyaa| vaha anya paramparA ke vyAmoha meM nahIM pdd'aa| isa paramparA ke nAmakaraNa meM "paura" zabda ke sAtha 'vATa', 'vADa' zabda na lagAkara 'pATa' yA 'paTTa' zabda lagA huA hai, usakA bhI yahI kAraNa pratIta hotA hai / isakA UhApoha Age kiyA jAyagA / pUrvokta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki isa kAla meM jitane bhI anvaya upalabdha hote haiM, ve kevala navadIkSita jainoM ke AdhAra se hI nahIM, apitu unake nirmANa meM purAne jainoM ke AcAra-vicAra ke sAtha unakA bhI sammilita honA pramukha hai / usase prabhAvita hokara hI kucha ajaina parivAroM ne purAne jainoM se milakara eka-eka naye saMgaThana kA nirmANa kiyA hogaa| AcAra bheda evaM pradeza bheda to kAraNa rahe hI hoNge| (ii) prAgvATa anvaya tathyoM ke AdhAra para yaha nirNIta hotA hai ki paurapATa anvaya ke saMgaThana kA eka mUla AdhAra prAgvATa anvaya hai| bar3oha (madhya pradeza) meM prApta jIrNazIrNa vanamandira isakA sAkSya hai| isa vanamandira ke samAna ho bundelakhaNDa ke jaMgaloM agaNita jaina maMdira evaM tIrthakara mUrtiyAM milatI hai / ye purAne jainoM ke jIvana ke utkRSTa udAharaNa haiM / ye saba jaina AcAravicAra kI purAnI saMskRti ke pratIka hai| yaha vana maMdira aneka maMdiroM kA samUha hai aura isakA pUrA nirmANa aneka varSoM meM huA hai / ye maMdira bhaTTAraka kAla kI yAda dilAte haiN| isa maMdira ke garbhagRhoM kA nirmANa prAgvATa vaMza ke bhAiyoM dvArA karAyA gayA jaisA ki isa maMdira ke eka garbhagRha kI caukhaTa para khUde lekha se spaSTa hai : kAradeva vAsala praNamati / zrI devacaMda AcArya maMtravAdin saMvata 1134 // yaha spaSTa hai ki vAsala gotra prAgvATa anvaya kI saMtAna haiM / yaha korA anumAna nahIM hai kyoMki aneka garbhagRhoM ke matilekha isake sAkSI haiM / 'bhaTTAraka saMpradAya' meM peja 172 para aMkita eka anya zilAlekha meM kahA gayA hai ki sUrata paTTa ke dvitIya bhaTTAraka prAgvATa vaMza aSTazAkhAnvaya meM utpanna hue the / ve apane kAla ke aneka rAjAoM dvArA pUjita prabhAvazAlI vidvAn the| paurapATa anvaya ke vikAsa kA anusandhAna karate samaya maiM bundelakhaNDa ke aneka gA~voM aura nagaroM meM gayA huuN| mevAr3a aura gujarAta pradeza se isa anvaya kA vikAsa huA hai, isaliye ina kSetroM meM bhI ghUmA huuN| para mere khyAla meM 'prAntija' ko chor3akara anya kisI nagara ke jinamandira apekSAkRta navIna haiN| 'prAntija' ke jinamandira meM 1136 I0 (1193 vi0) meM bhI eka zilApaTa meM utkIrNa caubIsI pAI jAtI hai| ise eka bahina ne sthApita karAyA thaa| vahA~ 1162 I0 kA eka zilAlekha bhI hai jisameM pAMca bAla brahmacArI tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| usake pAdapITha para eka lekha aMkita hai| ise yadyapi acchI taraha se nahIM par3hA jA sakA, phira bhI usase aisA lagatA hai ki yaha prAgvATa anvaya ke kisI bhAI dvArA sthApita karAyA gayA thaa| isa tIna pramANoM ke atirikta prAgvATa vaMza se ho paurapATa anvaya kA vikAsa huA hai, isa viSaya ke anya zilAlekhI poSaka pramANa yahA~ diye jA rahe haiM /

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paurapATa (paravAra) anvaya-1 355 (1) miti aSADha zukla 10 vi0 causakhA poravAr3a jAtyutyanna zrI jinacaMdra hue| inakA gRhasthAvasthA kAla 24 varSa 9 mAha, dIkSAkAla 32 varSa 3 mAha, paTTastha kAla 8 varSa 9 mAha evaM viraha dina 3 rahe / pUrNAyu 65 varSa 9 mAha 9 dina / inakA paTTasthakrama 4 hai| . (2) miti Azvina zuklA 10 vi0 765 meM poravAla dvisakhA jAtyutpanna zrI anaMtavIrya muni hue| inakA gRhasthakAla 11 varSa, dIkSAkAla 13 varSa, paTTasthakAla 19 varSa 9 mAha 25 dina evaM virahakAla 10 dina rhaa| inakI pUrNAyu 43 varSa 10 mAha 5 dina kI thI / inake paTTastha hone kA krama 31 hai| (3) miti ASADha zukla 14 vi0 1256 meM aThasakhA poravAla jAtyutpanna zrI akalaMkacaMdra muni hue / inakA gRhasthAvasthAkAla 14 varSa, dIkSAkAla 33 varSa, paTTasthakAla 5 varSa 3 mAha 24 dina, aMtarAlakAla 7 dina rahA / inakI pUrNAyu 48 varSa 4 mAha 1 dina ko thI / inake paTTastha hone kA krama 73 hai / (4) miti Azvina zuklA 3 vi0 1265 meM aThasakhA poravAla jAtyutpanna zrI abhayakIti muni hue| inakA gRhasthAvasthA kAla 11 varSa 2 mAha, dokSAkAla 30 varSa, paTTasthakAla 4 mAha 10 dina aura aMtarAlakAla 7 dina kA rhaa| inakI saMpUrNa Ayu 41 varSa 11 mAha 10 dina kI thii| inakA paTTa stha-kramAMka 78 hai / ye digaMbara jaina samAja, sIkara dvArA 1974-75 meM prakAzita cAritrasAra ke anta meM prAcIna zAstrabhaMDAra se prApta eka paTTAvalI ke uparokta katipaya zilAlekha haiM / inase jJAta hotA hai ki paurapATa ankya kA bhI vikAsa purAne jainoM ke samAna prAgvATa anvaya se bhI huaa| poravAr3a yA puravAra bhI vahIM haiN| phira bhI, zrI daulata siMha loDhA aura zrI agaracaMdra nAhaTA isa tathya ko svIkAra nahIM karate / loDhA jI ne 'prAgvATa itihAsa, prathama bhAga' ke pRSTha 54 para batAyA hai: "isa jAti ke kucha prAcIna zilAlekhoM se siddha hotA hai ki paravAra zabda 'paurapATa' yA paurapaTTa' kA apabhraMza rUpa hai / 'paravAra', 'poravAla', 'puravAla' zabdoM meM varNoM kI samAnatA dekhakara binA aitihAsika evaM pramANita AdhAroM ke unako eka jAtivAcaka kaha denA nirI bhUla hai| kucha vidvAn 'paravAra' aura 'poravAla' jAti ko eka mAnate hai, paraMtu .. yaha mAnyatA bhramapUrNa hai / pUrva meM likhI gaI zAkhAoM ke varNanoM meM eka dUsare kI utpatti, kula, gotra, janma-sthAna, janazruti evaM dantakathAoM meM atizaya kSamatA hai, vaisI paravArajAti ke itihAsa meM upalabdha nahIM hai| yaha jAti samUcI digaMbara jaina hai / yaha nizcita hai ki paravAra jAti ke gotra brAhmaNajAtIya haiN| isase yaha siddha hai ki yaha jAti brAhmaNajAti se jaina banI hai| prAgvATa, poravAla, pauravAr3a kahI jAne vAlI jAti isase sarvathA bhinna hai evaM svataMtra hai| isakA utpattisthAna rAjasthAna bhI nahIM hai|" ye loDhAjI ke svataMtra vicAra haiN| saMbhavataH unheM mAlUma nahIM ki jo digaMbara jaina paristhitivaza gujarAta aura mevADa ke kucha bhAgoM meM baca gaye the, ve anta meM zvetAMvaroM meM mila gye| vikrama kI 14-15 vIM sadI taka to unakA buMdelakhaMDa meM Akara basane vAle digaMbara jainoM ke sAtha saMparka banA rahA, paraMtu bhaTTAraka devendrakIti ke buMdelakhaMDa meM A jAne ke bAda dhIre-dhIre unakA saMparka zeSa sajAtIya jainoM se chaTatA gyaa| yaha hamArI kalpanA mAtra nahIM hai / zvetAMbara vidvAna apane tad-yugIna sAhitya meM yaha svIkAra karate haiN| muni jinavijaya ne 'kumArapAla pratibodha' kI prastAvanA meM anya grantha kA ullekha dete hue batAyA hai ki zrIpurapattana meM kumudacaMdra AcArya ko zAstrArtha meM harAkara vahA~ digaMbaroM kA praveza hI niSiddha kara diyA thA (1147 I0) / galoDhA jI ne svayaM likhA hai ki karnATakavAsI vAdI kumadacaMda ko 'devasUri' ne vAda meM harA diyaa| parAsta hokara bhI unhoMne apanI kuTilatA nahIM chor3o / ve maMtrAdi kA prayogakara zvetAMbara sAdhuoM ko kaSTa pahu~cAne lge| aMta meM unako zAMta na hotA huA dekhakara devasUri ne apanI adbhuta maMtrazakti kA prayoga kiyA / ve turaMta ThikAne A gaye aura pattana chor3akara anyatra cale gaye / unhoMne eka prakaraNa meM isa sthiti kA saMketa bhI diyA hai ki vahA~

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[ khaNDa 356 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha yadi digaMbarAcArya hArege, to eka cora ke samAna unakA tiraskAra kara pattanapura se bAhara nikAla diyA jAyagA | ke0 ema. muMzI ne bhI apane 'gujarAtano nAtha' meM isa prakaraNa kA citraNa kiyA hai / kavi vakhtAvaramala ke kathana ke anusAra, paravAroM ke eka bheda-soraThiyA ko gati bhI saMbhavataH yahI huI hogI / zvetAMbaroM meM bhUtakAla kI yaha prakRti aba bhI cAlU hai aura yadAkadA usake vikRta rUpa sunane-paDhane kI mila jAte haiM / isa samaya buMdelakhaMDa meM jo porapATa ( paravAra ) anvaya ke kuMTuMba raha rahe haiM, unakA mUla nivAsa sthAna gujarAta aura mevAr3a kA prAgvATa pradeza hI hai / isameM koI saMdeha nahIM / vahIM se unake sthAnAMtarita hone kA mUla kAraNa unakI AjIvikA nahIM hai, apitu zvetAMbara samAja aura unake sAdhuoM kA dhArmika unmAda hI hai / isake kAraNa apane AmnAya kI kI rakSA ke liye inheM usa sthAna ko chor3akara caMderI aura usake Asa-pAsa ke kSetra meM basane ke liye bAdhya honA par3A / isa vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki jisa prakAra paurapATa ( paravAra ) anvaya meM vAle purAne jainoM ko lIna karake isa anvaya ko mUrtarUpa diyA gayA thA, usI prakAra lekara bhI isa anvaya kA saMgaThana huA hai / isake atirikta, aneka tathyoM se jJAta hotA hai ki isa anvaya ke nirmANa meM mukhyata: paramAra vaMza kA bhI bar3A yogadAna hai / yadi yaha kahA jAya ki prAgvATa anvaya kA vikAsa bhI paramAra vaMza se hI huA hai, to bhI koI Apatti nahIM / prAgvATa itihAsa para dRSTi DAlane se patA calatA hai ki isakA saMgaThana paramAra kSatriyoM ke aneka upabhedoM ko lekara huA thA | aneka kSatriya evaM brAhmaNa kuloM meM se unheM prAgvATa anvaya meM dIkSita kiyA gayA hai / isaliye yahA~ yaha vicAraNIya ho jAtA hai ki ye kSatriya kula pahale kisa anvaya ko mAnane vAle the / pramANoM ke prakAza meM vicAra karane para aisA lagatA hai ki ve paramAra anvaya ke kSatriya hone cAhiye / isakI puSTi aneka paTTAvaliyoM se bhI hotI hai / bha0 mahAvIra ke kAla meM pAye jAne uttarakAla meM prAgvATa anvaya ko 'gujarAtano nAtha' meM kIrtideva nAmaka yuvaka kA jikra AyA hai| yaha pATana mahAmAtya 'muMjAla prAgvATa' kA putra thA / ise usake mAmA sajjana mehatA ne usakI rakSA ke abhiprAya se una dinoM yAtrA para Aye hue avaMtI ke senApati 'uvaka paramAra' ko sauMpa diyA thaa| isa ghaTanA se prAgvATa anvaya ke vikAsa meM paramAroM ke yogadAna kA patA lagatA hai / sva0 paM0 jhammanalAla jI tarkatIrtha ne 'lamecU di0 jaina samAja kA itihAsa' ke pRSTha 38 para sUrIpura ( u0 pra0 ) se prApta paTTAvalI ke AdhAra se likhA hai : " pramAra (paramAra) vaMza meM rAjA vikrama hue| unakA saMvat cAlU hai / unake nAtI ( potA ) guptigupta muni the / jinhoMne sahasra paravAra thApe / guptigupta paramAra jAti kSatriya vaMza meM vikrama saMvat 26 meM hue haiM / yaha candragupta rAjA kA vaMza hotA hai - vaha bhI yaduvaMza ho hai / " pUrva ullikhita cAritrasAra ke pariziSTa meM nAgaura ke zAstrabhaMDAra se prApta eka paTTAvalI mudrita hai / isameM paTTavara AcArya guptigupta ke viSaya meM likhA hai- zrI mitI phAlguna zukla 14 vikrama saMvat 26, jAti rAjapUta paMvArotpanna zrI guptigupta hue / inakA gRhasthAvasthAkAla 22 varSa, dIkSAkAla 24 varSa, paTTasthakAla 9 varSa 6 mAha 25 dina evaM viraha kAla 5 dina rhaa| inakI sapUrNa Ayu 65 varSa 7 dina kI thI / DA0 harIndrabhUSaNajI ke vizeSa anurodha para paM0 mUlacaMdra zAstrI ujjaina ne mujhe eka paTTAvalI bhejI thI / usameM munijana aura bhaTTArakoM kI digaMbara paTTAvalI hai| usameM sarvaprathama bhadrabAhu dvitIya ( brAhmaNa) kA vizeSa paricaya dene ke bAda kramAMka 2 para paTTadhara AcArya guptigupta kI jAti paravAra kahate hue uparokta nAgaurI paTTAvalI ke anusAra hI paricaya diyA gayA hai /

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paurapATa (paravAra) anvaya-1 357 uparokta paTTAvaliyoM meM se pahalI aura dUsarI paTTAvalI meM guptigupta ko pramAra yA paMvAra svIkAra kiyA hai / pahalI paTTAvalI meM unake dvArA 'paravAra anvaya' meM eka hajAra ghara dIkSita karane kI bAta kahI gaI hai| isase yaha to spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki unhoMne svayaM 'paravAra' anvaya meM dIkSita hone ke bAda muni avasthA meM anya kuTuMboM ke zrAvaka kuloM ko isa anvaya meM dokSita kiyA hogaa| isa ghaTanA se aisA lagatA hai ki adhikatara ye kuTuMba paramAra kSatriya ho hone cAhiye kyoMki inake guru paramAra vaMza ke hI the| yadyapi prAgvATa itihAsa kA bArIkI se adhyayana karane para yahI siddha hotA hai ki prAgvATa anvaya kA saMghaTana aneka brAhmaNa kuloM, solaMkI kuloM, cauhAna kuloM, gahalota kuloM, paramAra kuloM aura boharA kuloM se kiyA gayA hai, para mUla meM ye saba kSatriya kula paramAra rAjapUta hI the| unakA alaga-alaga nAmakaraNa bAda meM huA hai| isa samaya paravAroM ke aneka kuTuMba 'pAMDe' kahalAte haiN| bahuta saMbhava hai ki ve brAhmaNa kuloM se 'paurapATa' anvaya meM dokSita hue hoN| paTTadhara AcAryoM meM bhI aneka AcArya brAhmaNa rahe haiN| svayaM gautama gaNaghara bhI brAhmaNa kula ke the / nAgauro paTTAvalI meM bhadrabAhu 2 ko brAhmaNa kahA hI gayA hai| isaliye saMbhava hai ki unake sAtha aneka brAhmaNa kula jainadharma meM dIkSita hue hoN| jabalapura, ma0pra0 se prakAzita hone vAle 'paravAra bandhu' mAsika (aba banda) ke maI-jUna, 1940 ke aMka meM sva. zrI nAthU rAma jI premI ne paramAra kSatriyoM se paravAra jAti ke vikAsa kI bAta kA niSedha karate hue kahA hai ki 'paramAra' se 'paMvAra' to ThIka apabhraMza hai, para yaha 'paravAra' nahIM ho sktaa| isaliye 'paravAra' zuddha zabda 'pallIvAla. osavAla, jaisavAla" jaisA hI hai aura usameM nagara evaM sthAna kA saMketa sammilita hai / yadi premI jI ne isa tathya para anusaMdhAna kiyA hotA ki kaI zatAbdiyoM se pracalita 'paravAra anvaya' pahale kisa nAma se saMbodhita kiyA jAtA thA, 'paravAra' zabda kisa mUla zabda kA apabhraSTa rUpa hai, to zAyada unakA yaha maMtavya kucha bhinna hI hotA / yaha to hama mAnate hI haiM ki isa anvaya kA mUla nAma 'paravAra' nahIM thaa| premIjI bhI yaha mAnate haiN| unhoMne atizaya kSetra pacarAI ke zAMtinAtha ke mandira ke 1065 I. ke zilAlekha dene ke bAda 'paurapATa' yA 'paurapada' anvaya ke tona lekha aura apane lekha meM diye haiN| anta meM unhoMne likhA hai, 'isase spaSTa mAlUma hotA hai ki ina lekhoM meM 'paurapaTa yA paurapATa' zabda 'paravAroM ke liye hI AyA hai| isakI puSTi meM unhoMne aura bhI pramANa diye hai| premojI ke ina pramANoM se yaha to spaSTa hotA hI hai ki isa anvaya kA mUla nAma 'paravAra' na hokara 'paurapATa' yA 'paurapada' hI thaa| ataH yaha unako kalpanA hI hai ki paramAra kSatriya kuloM se paravAra anvaya kA vikAsa nahIM haa| yaha sahI hai ki kisI anvaya ko nayA nAma dete samaya jaise grAma, nagara Adi kA khyAla rakhA jAtA hai, vaise ho usa pradeza kA bhI khyAla rakhA hogA jisameM 'prAgvATa' anyaya kA saMgaThana huA thaa| 'prAgvATa itihAsa' ke anusAra, zrImAlapura ke pUrvavATa (pUrvabhAga) meM jo brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya basate the, unameM se 90,000 strI-puruSoM ne jainadharma kI dIkSA aMgIkAra kii| ve nagara meM pUrvabhAga meM rahate the, ataH unheM 'prAgvATa' nAma se prasiddha kiyA gayA / nemicandrasUri kRta mahAvIra caritra kI prazasti meM bhI isa anvaya kI prasiddhi kA yahI kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| isake viparyAsa meM, zrI gaurIzaMkara hIrAcandra ojhA kA mata hai ki 'pura' zabda se 'puravADa' aura 'pauravADa' zabdoM kI utpatti huI hai| 'purA zabda mevAr3a ke 'pura' jile kA sUtraka haiM / mevAr3a ke liye prAgvATa zabda bhI likhA milatA hai| unake isa mata se to aisA lagatA hai ki mevAr3a meM 'pura' nAmaka koI jilA (maMDala) thaa| isaliye yA to isa nAma ko AdhAra banAkara yA mevAr3a ke amuka bhAga ke 'prAgvATa' nAma ke AdhAra para usa kSetra yA pradeza meM basane ..

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358 50 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa vAle brAhmaNa-kSatriya kuloM ko milA kara isa pauravAr3a (prAgvATa) anvaya kA saMgaThana huA hai| isa anvaya ke do nAma hone kA kAraNa bhI yahI pratIta hotA hai| isa vivecana se nimna tathya spaSTa hote haiM : (i) prAgvATa yA pauravAr3a kA saMgaThana jina brAhmaNa-kSatriyoM ke kuloM ko milA kara huA hai, unameM paramAra kSatriyoM kA pramukha sthAna thA / (ii) prAcIna paTTAvaliyoM meM paTTadhara AcArya guptigupta ke 'pavAra yA pramAra' anvaya kA artha paurapATa (paravAra) anvaya hI hai| ujjaina se prApta paTTAvalI to unheM spaSTataH 'paravAra' batAtI haiM / (i) sUrIpura paTTAvalI ke anusAra, inhIM paTTadhara AcArya guptigupta ke dvArA eka hajAra paravAra kuTumboM kI sthApanA kA ullekha yathArtha hai| ___kucha purAtattvajJa ina paTTAvaliyoM kI prAmANikatA meM zaMkA karate haiN| yaha samIcIna nahIM hai| prAcIna AcArya vItarAga hote the, ve apane kUla aura jAti ke viSaya meM mauna rahate the| prayojanavaza hI unhoMne prathamAnayoga ke granthoM meM varNa kala evaM vaMzoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| jaba zvetAmbaroM ne apane sampradAya kI zreSThatA ke lie ina anvayoM ke prati pakSapAtI rukha apanAyA, taba bhaTTArakoM ne bhI purAnI anubhUtiyoM ke AdhAra para paTTAvaliyoM kA saMkalana prArambha kiyaa| inameM ullikhita jAtiyoM kA mUla ye anuzrutiyAM hI hai| inheM aprAmANika mAnanA bhUla hogii| pUrva-uddharita nAgaura paTAvalI meM paTTadhara gaptigupta ke atirikta kramAMka 4,33, 73 va 78 para pauravAr3a jAtIya cAra paTTadharoM kA vivaraNa diyA hai| yahI hamAre hamAre gauravapUrNa itihAsa ke srota hai / na to sIkara aura na nAgaura hI bandelakhaNDa meM hai| pUrva-ullikhita paTTAvaliyoM kA saMkalana bhI bundelakhaNDa ke bhaTTAraka yA AcArya ne nahIM kiyA hai| phira bhI, unameM AcAryoM ke jAti kha h| isI se ina paTTAvaliyoM kI prAmANikatA siddha hotI hai| ina paTTAvaliyoM kA milAna zubha dhanda 1 ko gurvAvalo se bhI hotA hai-ekAdha krama meM kucha antara hai| (iv) paurapATa yA pauravAr3a anvaya ke zrAvaka kula mUla meM bundelakhaNDa ke nivAsI na hokara mevAr3a aura jarAta se paristhitivaza idhara Akara canderI ko kendra banAkara basate gye| isa anvaya ke zrAvakoM kA jaMgalI pahADI yA grAmINa kSetroM meM nahIM pAye jAne kA bhI yahI kAraNa hai ki ve isa kSetra ke mUla nivAsI nahIM hai / (v) nandisaMgha balAtkAra gaNa sarasvatI gaccha kI 'mahAvIra kI AcArya paramparA' grantha meM mudrita paTTAvalI meM gatigupta ke tIna nAma batAye haiM-ahaMdvali, vizAkhAcArya aura guptigupta 1 inhoMne nimna cAra saMgha sthApita kiye : 1. nandi saMgha nandivRkSamUla se varSA yoga mAghanandi 2. vRSabha saMgha tRNa tala varSA yoga jinasena vRSabha 3. siMha saMgha siMha guptA meM varSA yoga 4. deva saMgha devadattA vezyA kI nagarI meM varNa yoga naMdisaMgha meM hI AcArya dharasena kA krama AtA hai| vastutaH guptigupta ne hI dharasena aura puSpadanta-bhUtavali saMyoga karAkara zrunarakSA kA AdhAra bnaayaa| 3. paurapATa (paravAra) anvatra ke saMgaThana kA sthAna pUrvokta aitihAsika tathya prakaTa karate haiM ki isa anvaya kA saMgaThana pradeza kI apekSA 'prAgvATa' pradeza meM tathA nAmAntara 'pauravAr3a yA paurapATa' ko kAraNa isa pradeza ke antargata puramaNDala meM huA hai| ataH yaha Avazyaka hai ki prAgvATa pradeza aura usake puramaNDala sthAnoM ke viSaya meM UhApoha kreN|

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paurapATa (paravAra) anvaya-1 359 'prAgvATa itihAsa' meM loDhA ne likhA hai ki vartamAna sirohI rAjya, pAlanapura rAjya kA uttara-pazcima bhAga, gaur3avADa (girivAr3a) tathA merapATa pradeza kA kumbhalagaDha aura puramaNDala taka kA bhAga kabhI prAgvATa pradeza ke nAma se khyAta rahA hai| yaha pradeza prAgvATa kyoM kahalAyA, isa prazna para Aja taka vicAra nahIM kiyA gyaa| yadi kisI ne vicAra kiyA bhI ho, to vaha prakAza meM nahIM aayaa| unake anusAra, 'ukta prAgvATa pradeza arbudAMcala kA ThIka pUrvabhAga athavA pUrvavATa samajhanA cAhie / zrImAlapura ke pUrvabATa meM basane ke kAraNa jaise vahA~ ke jaina banane vAle kula apane bATa ke adhyakSa kA netRtva svIkAra karake unake 'prAgvATa' pada nAma ke anukUla sabhI prAgvATa kahalAye, isI dRSTi se AcAryazrI ne bhI padmAvatI meM abala pradeza ke pUrvavATa kSetra kI jo pATa nagarI thI, usameM jaina banane vAle kuloM ko bhI prAgvATa nAma hI diyA hai| vaise artha meM bhI antara nahIM pdd'taa| pUrvavAr3a kA saMskRta rUpa parvavATa hai| aura pUrvavATa kA' 'prAcyAM vATo iti prAgvATa' paryAyavAcI zabda hI to hai| padmAvatI nareza ko adhIzvaratA ke kAraNa tathA padmAvatI meM jaina bane bRhat prAgvATa zrAvakavarga kI prabhAvazIlatA ke kAraNa tathA Na vRddhigata prAgvATa paramparA ke kAraNa yaha pradeza hI pUrvavATa se prAgvATa nAmadhArI huA ho|| uparokta anumAnoM se yaha Azaya grahaNa karanA samacita lagatA hai ki arvalI parvata kA pUrvabhAga (jise maiMne pUrvavATa likhA hai) una varSoM meM adhika prasiddhi meM aayaa| taba usakA koI nAma avazya hI diyA gayA hogaa| prAgvATa dhAvaka varga ke pIche hI ukta pradeza sambhavataH prAgvATa kahalAyA ho| yadi yaha nahIM bhI mAnA jAya, to bhI itanA to svIkAra karanA hI par3egA ki prAgvATa zrAvaka varga kI utpatti aura mUla vikAsa ke kAraNoM kA tathA dhIre-dhIre unakI vistArita paramparA kI prabhAvazIlatA tathA pramukhatA kA isa pradeza ke prAgvATa nAmakaraNa para atyadhika prabhAva rahA hai| Aja bhI prAgvATa jAti adhikAMzataH isa bhAga meM basatI hai aura gurjara, saurASTra, se aura mAlavA tathA saMyukta pradeza meM isakI jo zAkhAyeM grAmoM meM thor3e kucha antara se basatI hai, ve isI bhUbhAga se gaI huI hai / aisA ve bhI mAnatI hai| loDhA ne svayaM ke uparokta vicAroM ke sAtha apane grantha ke pAdaTippaNa meM anya purAtattvavidoM ke bhI nimna vicAra diye hai : (1) vartamAna meM gaur3avAr3a, sirohI rAjya ke bhAga kA nAma kabhI prAgvATa pradeza rahA thA / (sva0 agaracandra naahttaa)| (2) arbuda parvata se lekara gaur3avAr3a taka ke lambe prAnta kA nAma pahale prAgvATa thA (munizrI jinavijaya) / isase unake Azraya meM jAkara maiMne bhI unase carcA kI hai aura unhoMne mujhase bhI apanA yahI mata vyakta kiyaa| isa prasaMga meM hama gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda ojhAjI kA mata pahale hI vyakta kara cuke haiN| unhoMne, isake atirikta apane 'rAjapUtAnA kA itihAsa-1' grantha meM likhA hai," karamavela (jabalapura ke nikaTa) ke eka vizAla lekha meM prasaMgavazAt mevAr3a ke guhilavaMzI rAjA haMsapAla, vairisiMha aura vijayasiMha kA varNana AyA hai jisameM unako prAgvATa kA rAjA kahA hai / ataeva prAgvATa mevAr3a kA hI nAma honA cAhiye / saMskRta zilAlekhoM tathA pustakoM meM 'mevAr3a' mahAjanoM ke liye 'prAgvATa' nAma kA prayoga milatA hai aura ve loga apanA nivAsa mevAr3a ke 'pura' nAmaka kasbe se batAte haiN| isase sambhava hai ki prAgvATa deza ke nAma para ve apane ko prAgvATa vaMzI kahate rahe hoN|" prAgvATa itihAsa-1" meM zrImAlapura meM basane vAlI jAtiyoM kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki isa nagarI meM basanevAle jo 'dhanotkaTA' the, ve dhanotkaTA zrAvaka khlaaye| unameM jo kama zrImanta the, ve zrImAla zrAvaka kahalAye aura jo pUrvavATa meM rahate the, ve prAgvATa zrAvaka khlaaye| vikrama 1236 (1179 I0) meM nemicandra sUri kRta "mahAvIra caritra' prazasti meM eka zloka AyA hai jisakA nimna artha hai :

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360 paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa "pUrva dizA ke usa bhAga meM jo prathama puruSa adhyakSa ke nimitta banA, usI nAma (prAgvATa) se eka sthala banAyA gayA / uttarakAla meM usakI jo santAna huI, ve lakSmIsampanna thIM aura ve 'prAgvATa' nAma se prasiddha huii|" _ 'jAtibhAskara' (beMkaTezvara priMnTiga presa, bambaI) ke pRSTa 263 para likhA hai," purAvAla gujarAta ke poravA (porabandara) ke pAsa hone se ye purAvAla kahakara prasiddha hue haiN| isa samaya lalitapura, jhAMsI, kAnapura, AgarA, hamIrapura, bAMdA jiloM meM isa jAti ke bahuta se loga rahate haiN| ve yajJopavIta dhAraNa nahIM karate / zrImAlI brAhmaNa inakA paurohitya karate haiM / ahamadAbAda ke vikhyAta dhanI zrI bhAgUbhAI purovAla vaMzotpanna hai / DA0 vilAsa e0 saMgave ne apane pI0 eca0 DI0 zodhaprabandha 'sAmAjika sarvekSaNa' meM kisa anvaya kA kisa nagara Adi meM saMgaThana huA, isakI sUcI dI hai| usameM batAyA hai ki 'paravAra' anvaya kA saMgaThana 'pArAnagara' meM aura pauravAra anvaya kA saMgaThana poravA nagara meM huA hai| uparokta dasa uddharaNoM meM se kaI to prAgvATa pradeza kI sImA meM puramaNDala ko sammilita karate hai aura kaI nahIM bhii| isameM eka mata yaha bhI hai ki gujarAta ke porabandara ke samIpa jo 'poravA gA~va hai, usako mAdhyama banAkara isa anvaya kA gaThana huA hai| antima mata yaha hai ki pArAnagara meM paravAra anvaya kA saMgaThana haa| ina cAra matoM para daSTi DAlane se yaha tathya phalita hotA hai ki prArabATa pradeza se lekara porabandara taka kA pradeza isa anvaya ke saMgaThana kA sthAna honA caahie| porabandara nAma bhI samudrI taTa ke yAtAyAta ke sAdhanarUpa se prayukta hone ke kAraNa par3A pratIta hotA hai / yaha avazya hai ki prAgvATa pradeza kI mukhyatA hone se sarvaprathama isa anvaya kA saMgaThana 'prAgvATa' nAma se hI huA hogaa| sAtha hI, puramaNDala meM rahane vAle kSatriya kuloM kI vizeSatA hone se prAgvATa anvaya ko 'paurapATa' yA 'poravADa' nAma se bhI sambodhita karate hoMge / bAda meM prAgvATa nAma lupta ho gayA aura poravAr3a nAma prasiddhi meM AyA hogaa| kintu isa anvaya ke saMgaThana kA samaya prathama zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kA kAla honA cAhiye kyoMki tabataka saMgha bheda na hone se sabhI eka hI AmnAya ke mAnane vAle hoMge aura prAgvATa kuloM meM koI bheda nahIM rahA hogaa| parantu bhadrabAha ke kAla meM saMghabheda ho jAne ke kAraNa jo purAne AmnAya ke anusAra cale, ve mUlasaMghI kahalAye aura jinhoMne vastrapAtra ko svIkAra kiyA, ve zvetapaTa kahalAye / digambara AmnAya ko mAnanevAle hI mUlasaMghI haiN| ____ isa prakAra prAgvATa anvaya ke saMgaThana kA sthAna nirNIta hone ke bAda yaha anvaya do bhAgoM meM kaba vibhakta haA, isake kAraNa kA bhI patA laga jAtA hai| yaha nizcita hai ki AcArya bhadrabAhu ke kAla meM hI yaha vibhakta haA, kintu mUlasaMgha kA seharA kevala poravATa anvaya ke sira para badhA, yaha hama nahIM kaha sakate / phira bhI, dUsare saMgha kA nAma zvetapaTa saMgha huaa| uttarAdhyayana meM kezI-gautama samvAda kI jo kathA AtI hai, usakA prayojana yahI pratIta hotA hai ki zvetapaTa saMgha apane ko pArzvanAtha-saMtAnIya ghoSita kara prAcIna khe| parantu yaha zvetAmbara zAstroM se hI spaSTa hai ki sabhI tIrthakara vastrAlaMkAra tyAga munidharma meM dIkSita hue| aisI sthiti meM apane anuyAyI ziSyoM ko unhoMne aMzataH vastra rakhakara munidharma meM dIkSita hone kI svIkRti kaise dI hogI kyoMki vastra bhI to rAga kA pratIka hai aura nirvANa meM bAdhaka hai| isa prakAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki mUla zrIsaMgha vibhakta hone ke bAda prAgvATa anvaya bhI do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gayA-mUlasaMgha to pUrvavat digambara ho rahA, vibhakta hue parivAra zvetapaTa kahalAye bahutoM ne kAlAntara meM ajaina sampradAya ko bhI svIkAra kiyA / aise bahutere pauravAr3a parivAra haiM jinhoMne jainadharma ko dUra se hI namaskAra kara liyA hai / vartamAna meM prAgvATa anvaya ke nau bheda pAye jAte haiM : (1) paurapATa yA paurapaTTa anvaya, (2) sauraThiyA pauravAla, (3) kapolA pauravAla, (4) padmAvatI poravAla, (5) gurjara pauravAla, (6) jAMgar3A pauravAr3a, (7) mevAr3o aura malakApurI pauravAr3a, (8) mAravAr3I poravAla aura (9) puravAra / yahAM paurapATa yA paurapaTTa anvaya mukhyataH anusaMgheya hai / yaha nizcita

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pauravATa (paravAra) anvaya-1 361 hai ki prAgvATa anvaya hI 'pauravAr3a' anvaya ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| ise paurapaTTa yA paurapATa kyoM kahA jAtA hai| isa prazna kA samyak samAdhAna apekSita hai| prAgvATa ke sthAna para pauravAr3a kahane kA to yaha kAraNa hai ki prAgvATa pradeza ke antargata 'puramaNDala' kI mukhyatA se yA 'porabandara' ke 'poravA' nagara kI mukhyatA se isa anvaya ko 'paura' zabda se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai / isa anvaya ke 'paura' zabda ke sAtha 'vAr3a' zabda lagAne ke aneka kAraNa ho sakate haiM kyoMki 'vAr3a' zabda kA eka artha 'vATa' bhI hotA hai, dUsare vArI-kAMTe Adi se kI jAne vAlI surakSA-paridhi ko bhI 'vAr3a' kahA jAtA hai| tIsarA artha paridhi ke bhItara kA sthAna bhI hotA hai| inameM se koI bhI artha liyA jA sakatA hai| isase pauravAr3a zabda kA svayaM hI yaha artha phalita hotA hai ki prAgvATa pradeza ke antargata 'puramaNDala' yA 'poravA' nagara kI sImA ke kAraNa isa anvaya ko 'pauravAr3a' yA 'paurapATa' kahA gayA hai| jo loga yaha mAnate haiM ki zromAla ke pUrva meM nivAsa karanevAle jo kuTumba jainadharma meM dIkSita hue, unheM "pauravAr3a" kahA jAtA hai, unheM ojhAjI ThIka nahIM mAnate / isapara unhoMne apane grantha meM prakAza DAlA hai| isase hama jAnate haiM ki prAgvATa, pauravAr3a kaise hue ? kintu 'paravAra' anvaya ko paurapATa yA paurapaTTa kaise kahA gayA, yaha vicAraNIya hai / 4. paurapATa yA paurapaTTa nAmakaraNa kA AdhAra yaha to sunizcita hai ki vyAkaraNAnusAra, 'vAr3a' zabda se 'vATa' to bana jAtA hai, narantu 'pATa' zabda kI niSpatti saMgata nahIM hai| isaliye 'paurapATa' yA 'paurapaTTa' zabda dUsare artha meM niSpanna honA caahiye| yaha to hamane kahA hI hai ki vartamAna paravAra anvaya ko pratimA lekhoM Adi meM 'paurapATa' yA 'paurapaTa' nAma se ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| pramANasvarUpa, 'sADhorA' nagara ke jinamandira ko eka pratimA (pArzvanAtha) ke pAdapITha meM aMkita kiye gaye eka lekha ko hama yahA~ uddhRta kara rahe haiM : saMvat 610 varSe mAgha sudi 22 mUlasaMghe paurapATAnvaye pATanapura sNghii"| yaha mUrti isa samaya bhI sADhaurA ke mandira meM mUlavedI ke bagala ke kamare meM eka vedI para virAjamAna hai| purAne samaya meM sADhaurA nagara dillI se gujarAta aura mahArASTra jAnevAle mArga para basA huA hai / yaha una dinoM senAoM kA par3Ava-sthala rahatA thaa| yahAM kI TakasAla se 'sADhorA' sikkA calAyA jAtA hai| yaha sambhava hai ki gujarAta ke pATana se AnevAle saudAgaroM ne isa jinabimba ko lAkara yahA~ virAjamAna kiyA yA jAte samaya kisI kAraNa chaTa gayA ho| isa anvaya kA dUsarA nAma paurapaTTa bhI rahA hai / vastutaH paurapaTTa se hI paurapATa niSpanna huA hai / yaha vyAkaraNa sammata bhI hai / yadyapi isakA poSaka hameM bahuta purAnA lekha to nahIM milA hai, phira bhI mUrtilekhoM Adi meM ye donoM zabda calate rahe hai jaisA ki nimna lekha se spaSTa hai : sambat 1512 canderI maNDalAcAryAnvaye bha. zrI devendra kItidevAH tribhuvanakItidevA paurapAnvaye assttaaskhe""| ina lekhoM meM paravAra anvaya ko yA to 'paurapATa' kahA gayA hai yA 'paurapaTTa' kahA gayA hai / yadyapi yaha prazna upasthita ho sakatA hai ki ina donoM se paravAra anvaya kA artha ho kaise samajhA jAve ? isake samAdhAnasvarUpa hama yahA~ aisA pratimAlekha upasthita kara rahe haiM jinase yaha niSkarSa samajhane meM saralatA hogI : samvat 1503 varSe mAgha sudo 9 budhau (dhe) mUlasaMghe bhaTTAraka zrI padmanandideva ziSya devendrakIrti paurapATa aSTasakhA AmnAya saM0 thaNaU bhAryA pu tatputra saM0 kAli bhAryA AmiNDi tatputra saM0 jaisiMdha bhAryA mahIsiri tatpUtra sN."| isase spaSTa hai ki jise hama pahale 'paurapATa, paurapaTTa' kaha Aye hai, vaha paravAra ko chor3akara anya anvaya nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki aThasakhA, causakhA Adi bheda isI anvaya meM pAye jAte hai| aba yaha vicAraNIya hai ki isa anvaya ko 'pauravAr3a' yA 'puravAra' na kahakara 'paurapATa yA paurapaTTa' kyoM kahA gayA hai|

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362 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa zrI loDhA jI ne apane grantha meM yaha spaSTa svIkAra kiyA hai ki 'paurapATa yA paurapaTTa' (paravAra) anvaya ko mAnane vAle mAtra digambara jaina hI pAye jAte hai| isa ullekha se yaha jAna par3atA hai ki isa anvaya ke nAmakaraNa meM yaha dhyAna rakhA gayA hai ki usase digambaratva kI mUlasaMgha paramparA kA bhI bodha ho! 'paurapATa yA paurapaTTa' zabda do zabdoM ke mela se banA hai : paura + pATa yA paTTa / paura zabda pura zabda se bhI banA ho sakatA hai, poravA se bhI banA ho sakatA hai tathA purA zabda se bhI banA ho sakatA hai| 'pUra' yA poravA' sthAna vizeSa ko sUcita karatA hai aura 'purA' zabda prAcInatA sUcaka hai| yaha anvaya ke saMgaThana kartAoM ne isake nAmakaraNa meM ina donoM hI bAtoM kA dhyAna rakhA hai| saMgave ke ullekha se yaha to nahIM mAlUma par3atA ki isa anvaya kA mUla sthAna pArAnagara kahA~ hai / para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha to poravA nagara hai yA puramaNDala hI hai / yahA~ yaha prazna kiyA jAtA hai ki bundelakhaNDa meM basA huA yaha anvaya prAgvATa aura usase lage hue porabandara taka ke pradeza kA mUla nivAsI hai, yaha kaise mAnA jAya ? isakA eka samAdhAna to yahI hai ki jaba anvaya kA mUla sthAna ye hI kSetra hai, to usake loga anyatra kahA~ se A sakate haiM ? dUsare, bha0 devendra kIti (jinhoMne bundelakhaNDa meM paravAra bhaTTAraka pada sthApita kiyA) mUla meM gujarAta ke nivAsI evaM paravAra the| itanA hI unhoMne svayaM sUrata ke pAsa gAndhAra meM mUlasaMgha kaMdakaMda AmnAya kA bhaTTArakapaTa sthApita kiyA, svayaM usake prathama bhaTrAraka bane aura vahAM apane sthAna para eka paravAra bAlaka vidyAnandi ko bhaTrAraka ke rUpa meM sthApita kara svayaM caMderI meM Akara paravAra bhaTTAraka paTTa kI sthApanA kara svayaM usake prathama bhaTTAraka bane / gujarAta aura usake Asa-pAsa ke prAgvATa pradeza kA bundelakhaNDa ke sAtha nikaTa kA sambandha rahA hai / isakA udAharaNa baDoha kA jinamandira hai| vahA~ prAgvATa anvaya ke aneka garbhagRhoM meM eka vAsalla gotrIya prAgvATa parivAra kA ke madhyavartI jinAlaya meM bha0 zAntinAtha kI eka khaDagAsana pratimA hai| yahI eka aisA mandira hai jo yaha prakhyApita karatA hai ki prAgvATa anvaya ke zrAvaka kula hI uttara kAla meM 'paravAra' nAma se prasiddha hue| padA ke prArambha meM hue zrI jina tAraNa-taraNa ne 14 granthoM meM se eka 'nAmamAlA' bhI racA hai| isameM aise puruSoM ke bhI nAma Aye haiM jo zrI tAraNa-taraNa se samparka sAdhakara gujarAta-prAgvATa pradeza se calakara bundelakhaNDa meM Aye aura aneka yahIM basa gye| isI sambandha meM 'jAti bhAskara' kA uddharaNa pahale hI diyA jA cukA hai| isI prakAra, rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura se 1962 meM prakAzita zAha bakhatarAma kI aitihAsika pustaka 'buddhivilAsa' meM pRSTha 86 para paravAra anvaya ko 'puravAra' likhA hai| ina pramANoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki paravAra anvaya ke zrAvaka kula porabandara taka ke prAgvATa-mevAr3a pradeza ke mUlavAsI haiM aura ve prAgvATa yA pauravAr3a hI hai| phira bhI, unako pauravAr3a yA puravAra na kahakara paravAra, paurapATa, paurapaTTa ke nAma se kyoM abhihita kiyA gayA? usake pIche koI hetu to honA hI cAhiye / mere vicAra se isakA kAraNa sAMskRtika hI pratIta hotA hai| zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ke rAjyAzraya se zvetAmbara zrAvaka kuloM kA prabhAva bar3hane lagA aura mula digambara zrAvaka kuloM kA prabhAva ghaTane lgaa| yahIM nahIM, digambaroM kA apamAna bhI hone lagA, taba unheM vivaza hokara apanI AmnAya kI rakSA ke liye dhIre-dhIre vahAM se nikalakara bundelakhaNDa meM zaraNa lene ke liye bAdhya honA pdd'aa| isa sthiti meM jo digambara kula gujarAta evaM prAgvATa meM zeSa raha gaye hoMge, unhoMne zvetAmbara paramparA svIkAra kara lI hogii| paravAra anvaya kI loka-prasiddha sAta khA~ hai, unameM soraThiyA aura jA~gar3a kuloM kA yahI hAla huA hogA, yaha nizcita hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki isake nAmakaraNa meM prAgvATa yA pauravAr3a zabda kA prayoga na kara ise 'paurapaTTa yA paurapATa' kahA gayA hai| ina paurapAToM ne bundelakhaNDa meM bhI apanA AmnAya surakSita rakhA kyoMki abataka prApta merI jAnakArI ke pratimA lekhoM meM koI bhI aisA nahIM milA hai jisameM isa kula zrAvakoM ne mUlasaMgha kuMdakuMda AmnAya ke antargata balAtkAragaNa aura sarasvatI gaccha ko chor3akara anya AmnAya grahaNa kiyA ho| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha samUcA

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poravATa (paravAra) anvaya-1 363 paurapATa anvaya sadA se apane saMgaThana ke mUla kAla se 'mUlasaMgha kuMdakuMda AmnAya ko mAnane vAlA rahA hai| isa kathana meM koI atyukti nahIM hai ki isa anvaya ne hI isa AmnAya ko jIvita rakhA hai| isIliye sAta-ATha sau varSa pUrva ke candrakIti nAmaka mani yA bhaTTAraka ne malasaMgha kA upahAsa kiyA hai| ye 12-13vIM sadI meM hae haiM aura sambhavataH kASThAsaMghI mUla gayA pAtAla, mUla na mane na dIse / mUlahi sad brata bhaMga, kima uttama hose / / mUla piThAM paravAra, tene saba kADhI / zrAvaka yativara dharma, teha kima AvI ADho / / sakala zAstra likhatAM, yaha saMgha dIse nhiiN| candrakIrti evaM badati, mora paucha kADhe nhiiN| the| usakI samajha se unheM mUlasaMgha kahIM dikhAI nahIM diyA, vaha pAtAla meM calA gayA hai| yaha uttama kaise ho sakatA hai jabaki isameM bhI vrata-kriyA kahIM bhI dikhAI nahIM detii| mUlasaMgha kI pITha (AzrayadAtA) paravAra anvaya hI hai, usake dvArA hI mUlasaMgha kI yaha saba khurAphAta cAlU kI gaI hai| yaha zrAvakadharma aura yatidharma ke virodha meM khar3A kaise ho sakatA hai| vastutaH yaha eka aisA ullekha hai jisase spaSTa hai ki paravAra anvaya ke liye jo 'paurapATa, paurapaTTa' kahA gayA hai, vaha sArthaka to hai hI, sAtha hI aitihAsika bhI hai / isa nAma se hamArI mUlasaMgha kI anuyAyitA kI vizeSatA kA bhAna hotA hai jo lagabhaga do hajAra varSa pUrva se calI A rahI hai| 5. paravAroM ke bheda-prabheda kavivara bakhatarAma kRta 'buddhi vilAsa' meM paravAroM (puravAroM) ke sAta bheda batAye hai-1. aThasaravA, 2 causakhA. 3. seDasarahA (khaisakhA), 4. do sakhA. 5. soraThiyA. 6. gAMgaDa aura 7. pdmaavtii| prArabATa datiTAma zrI nAhaTA ne kucha kATa-chA~Ta ke bAda vaizyoM kI caurAsI jAtiyoM kA nAma nirdeza karate hae eka sacI dI hai jisameM paravAra anvaya ke gAMgar3a ko chor3akara bAkI uparokta chaha nAma mile| usa sUcI meM eka bheda kA nAma kuMDalapurI bhI hai| yadi ise 'gAMgar3a' ke sthAna para paravAra anvaya meM gina liyA jAve, yahA~ bhI sAta bheda ho jAte haiN| para ke DA0 saMgave ne 'jaina sampradAya-eka sAmAjika sarvekSaNa' nAmaka pustaka meM pI0DI0 jaina, pro0 eca0 eca0 vilsana tathA anya kula milAkara paravAra ke bhedoM ko cAra sUciyA~ prastuta kI haiM / pI0 DI0 jaina ke anusAra, paravAra anvaya ke pA~ca bheda haiM-(1) paravAra (2) padmAvatI puravAla (3) soraThiyA (4) dasahA aura (5) mAlI paravAra / pro0 vilsana kI sUcI meM paravAra, soraThiyA aura gaMgADaM nAmaka tIna nAma hI haiN| isameM eka jAti kA nAma 'bahariyA' diyA hai| paravAra anvaya ke 144 yA 145 mUloM meM eka mUla kA nAma bahuriyA hai jo sambhavataH bahariyA anvaya ke artha meM hI AyA hai, isase saMketa milatA hai ki bahutere mUla jAti ke artha meM badalakara svatantra anvaya (jAti) bana gaye hoM, to koI Azcarya nhiiN| saMgave dvArA prastuta gujarAta kI sUcI meM paravAra, puravAra yA poravAla-kisI bhI anvaya kA nAma nahIM hai| usameM eka anvaya kA nAma tiporA avazya hai| saMbhavataH isase pauravAr3ha, paurapaTTa aura puravAroM kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| unakI dakSiNa pradeza kI sUcI meM paravAra anvaya ke artha meM 'paravAla' nAma AyA hai / usameM aThasakhA ke sthAna para 'asTavAra' tathA soraThiyA ke sthAna para sArakhiyA nAma pAye jAte haiN| isameM eka anvaya kA nAma pavArachiyA bhI AyA hai| ina sUciyoM para dRSTipAta karane se aisA lagatA hai ki saMkalana karate samaya jinheM jo nAma upalabdha hue, unheM tattat sUcI meM sammilita kara liyA gayA / ina bhedoM kA vivaraNa aura unakI vartamAna sthiti vicAraNIya hai|

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364 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa (i) aThasakhA paravAra : bundelakhaNDa meM aura anya pradezoM meM isa samaya jo paravAra anvaya ke zrAvaka kula upalabdha haiM, ve saba aThasakhA paravAra hai aura mUlasaMgha kuMdakuMda AmnAya ke antargata sarasvatI gaccha aura balAtkAra gaNa ko mAnane vAle haiN| __ (ii) chahasakhA paravAra : ina zrAvaka kuloM kA kyA huA, kucha patA nahIM cltaa| aisA anumAna hotA hai ki sambhavataH unheM aThasakhA paravAroM meM vilIna kara liyA gayA hogaa| hA~, mujhe yaha smaraNa AtA hai ki apanI jinamUrti aura prazastilekha ekatraNa kI yAtrA ke samaya siroMja (sarojapura) ke bar3e mandira meM eka mUrti aisI avazya tho jisakI pAdapITha para pratiSThAkAraka ke nAma ke Age 'chasakhA' pada aMkita thaa| vartamAna meM paravAra anvaya kA yaha bheda nAmazeSa mAtra hai| (iii) causakhA parabAra-isa samaya inakA astitva avazya hai para ve kisI kAraNa se tAraNapaMthI ho gaye haiN| eka-do bAra unako mUladhArA meM lAne kA prayatna avazya huA hai| ve isake liye udyata bhI the, para kucha pramukha bhAiyoM kI adaradarzita ke kAraNa aisA na ho skaa| itanA avazya hai ki donoM ora se vaha kaTTaratA aba nahIM dekhI jAtI / saMbhava hai, kabhI inameM ekarUpatA ho jAve / mujhe smaraNa hai ki 1928 meM jaba maiM bonA kI jaina pAThazAlA kA pradhAna adhyApaka hokara gayA thA, usa samaya vahA~ eka causakhA paravAra kuTuMba rahatA thaa| usa samaya eka prItibhoja lekara usa parivAra ko aThasakhA paravAroM meM milA liyA gayA thaa| isase mAlUma par3atA hai ki paravAra samAja ke jitane bheda hai, unameM ekarUpatA hone para bhI paraspara meM beTI-vyavahAra to hotA hI nahIM thA, kaccA khAna-pAna bhI nahIM hotA hogaa| isake phalasvarUpa paravAra samAja uttarottara kSINa hotA gayA aura usake aneka bheda nAma zeSa ho gye| (iv) do sakhA paravAra : hamane jitane jinamaMdiroM se mUrtilekha ekatra kiye hai, unameM aisI eka bhI pratimA nahIM milI jisase isa upabheda viSayaka jAnakArI mile| hA~, tAraNa samAja ke saMgaThana meM eka anvaya kA nAma do sakhA bhI hai| isase hama jAnate haiM ki cau sakhA paravAroM ke samAna inheM bhI tAraNa-samAja ko svIkAra karane ke liye bAdhya honA par3A hogA / yaha prasannatA kI bAta hai ki isa samaya paravAra samAja meM causakhA ke samAna do sakhA kA astitva to banA huA hai| (v) gAMgar3a paravAra : paravAra samAja ke 144-45 mUloM meM eka mUla padmAvatI mUla ke samAja kA 'gAMgare' mUla bhI hai / isa mUla kA gAtra goilla hai / aisA lagatA hai ki gAMgar3a paravAra isI mUla ke hone cAhiye / pahale yaha eka svataMtra upajAti banI, bAda meM samajhA-bujhAkara aThasakhA paravAroM meM sammilita kara liyA gyaa| ise hI 'gAMgar3a' mUla de diyA gayA jo sAmAnya bhASA meM 'gAMgare' ho gyaa| (vi) padmamAvatI paravAra-paravAra samAja ke mUloM meM eka padmAvatI bhI hai| isakA gotra vAsalla hai| pUre samAja se yaha kaba alaga par3a gayA, isa viSaya meM kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isa AmnAya meM bIsa pantha ke upAsaka bhI pAye jAte haiM, isI kAraNa sambhavataH ye mukhya zAkhA se alaga par3a gaye hoN| inameM jaina-ajaina donoM prakAra ke parivAra pAye jAte haiM / kahate haiM ki unameM roTI-beTI vyavahAra bhI hotA hai / isa viSaya meM hamane eka svatantra lekha meM vicAra kiyA hai| (vii) soraThiyA paravAra-soraThiyA paravAra ve haiM jo mukhyataH saurASTra meM nivAsa karate rahe / parantu saurASTra meM isa samaya jitane bhI zrAvaka kula pAye jAte haiM, ve saba prAyaH zvetAmbara haiM / isase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki soraThiyA paravAroM kA zvetAMbarIkaraNa ho gapA hai| paurapATa anvaya ke viSaya meM yaha bAta vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya hai ki jisa prakAra anya jAtiyoM meM koI upabheda nahIM dekhA jAtA, vaha sthiti isa anvaya kI nahIM rahI hai / isa anvaya meM aneka upabheda the| parantu unameM eka

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5] paurapATa (paravAra) anvaya - 1 365 tine kA vyavahAra pahale kabhI nahIM rahA / isase isa jAti ko jo hAni huI hai, usako kalpanA karane mAtra se roMgaTe khar3e ho jAte / prArambha meM mujhe yaha anumAna bhI na thA ki isa anvaya meM aThasakhA ke atirikta anya aura bhI bheda hoMge / parantu aba uparokta bhedoM ko dhyAna meM dene se yaha avazya jJAta hotA hai ki mUla paurapATa anvaya kI aneka zAkhAyeM aura upazAkhAyeM vaTavRkSa ke samAna phailI huI hai / apanI janmabhUmi gujarAta aura mevAr3a se nikala kara pahale ye AmnAya kI rakSA hetu mAlavA aura canderI ( ma0pra0) Aye aura Aja aisI sthiti hai ki bhArata kA aisA koI pradeza nahIM jahA~ isa anvaya meM zrAvaka kula nahIM pAye jAte hoN| ye AjIvikA Adi kAraNoM se sarvatra basate jA rahe haiM aura aba to videzoM meM bhI isa anvaya ke zrAvaka kula pAye jAte haiM aura aneka vahIM ke vAsI ho gaye haiM / ve kahIM bhI baseM, apane AmnAya ko na bhUleM, yaho hama cAhate haiM / 6. nAma parivartana eka nagara meM isameM sandeha nahIM ki isa samaya yaha bahuta kama loga jAnate haiM ki paravAroM kA purAnA anvayanAma 'porapATa yA paurapaTTa' thA / isa nAma meM aitihAsika evaM sAMskRtika AdhAra chipe hue haiN| aisA lagatA hai ki hama apane purAne itihAsa ko bhUla gaye haiM aura aba hama kahIM ke nahIM rahe / merI sUcanA ke anusAra, saMcita dravyoM se, gaMdhamAlyoM se jinabiMba kI pUjA hone lagI hai, eka anya nagara ke bar3e mandira kI mukhya vedI ke bagala meM eka devI kI sthApanA kara dI gayI hai aura aneka zrAvaka unakI pUjA bhI karate haiM / aisA kyoM ho rahA hai ? jisa mUla saMgha kI rakSA ke lie hamane gujarAta aura mevAr3a chor3A, usa pariveza ko hamane bhulA diyA hai / mujhe to lagatA hai ki aisI sthiti kA mUla kAraNa apane purAne sAMskRtika nAma ko bhulA denA hI hai / hamAre samAja kA purAnA nAma 'paurapAra porapaTTa' thA / usameM parivartana hokara 'paravAra' nAma pracalita ho gayA hai, yaha hama bhUla gaye haiM / mUrtilekhoM meM hama aneka nAmoM se aMkita kiye gaye haiM / (a) sonAgira pahAr3a se utarate samaya antima dvAra ke pAsa eka koThe meM eka bhagna jinabiMba hai jisake pAdapITha para nimna lekha hai : ( saMvat 1101 vakA gotre paravAra jAtima ) / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki 'paravAra' nAma bArahavIM sadI meM cAlU ho gayA thA / isa lekha meM ba kA gotra kahA gayA hai / bakA mUla kA gota gohilla hai / (A) vidizA ( bhelasA, bhaTTalapura ) ke bar3e mandira se prApta eka jinabimba ke pAThapITha para nimna lekha aMkita hai : 'saMvat 1534 varSe caitramAse trayodazyAM guruvAsare bhaTTAraka zrI mahendrakIrti bhailapure zrI rAjArAmarAjye mahAjana paravAla zrI jinacandra / (i) eka varSa AgarA meM zikSaNa zivira lagA thA / usameM aneka vidvAnoM ke sAtha maiM bhI gayA thA / usa samaya jayapura se purAne zAstroM kI pradarzanI lagAI gaI thI / usameM eka hastalikhita 'puNyAsrava' zAstra bhI thaa| usake anta meM nimna prazasti aMkita thI : saMvat 1473 varSe kArtika sudI 5 gurudine zrI mUlasaMghe sarasvatI gacche nandisaMghe kundakundAcAryAnvaye bhaTTAraka zrI padmanandidevA stacchiSya muni zrI devendrakIrti devAH / tena nijajJAnAvaraNI karmakSayArthaM likhitaM zubhaM / zrI mUlasaMghe bhaTTAraka zrI bhuvanakIti tatpaTTe zrI bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa paThanArthaM, narahar3I vAstavya paravADAtIya sA0 kAkala, bhA0 puNya zrI, suta sA0 nemidAsa ThAkura etaiH idaM pustakaM dattaM / yaha eka aitihAsika jinabimba lekha hai| isameM gAMdhAra aura sUrata paTTa ke prathama bhaTTAraka devendra kIrti kA nAma AyA hai / dUsare, isameM IDara paTTa ke bhI do bhaTTArakoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isalie yaha nizcita hai ki narahaDI nagara gujarAta meM honA cAhiye kyoMki isa lekha kA sambandha gujarAta pradeza se hI hai / isa lekha se do bAteM jJAta hotI haiM : 46

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366 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa (i) jinabimba ke pratiSThAkAra sA0 kAkala paravAra (paurapATa) jAtIya the| (ii) inheM ThAkura kahA gayA hai| isase yaha nizcita hotA hai ki isa anvaya kA vikAsa pradhAnarUpa se kSatriya vaMzoM se huA hai| (I) yaha ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai ki zAha vakhatarAma ne apane 'buddhivilAsa' meM jAtiyoM kI sUcI meM 'paravAra' ko 'puravAra' batAyA hai / isase patA calatA hai ki lekhaka kI dRSTi meM 'puravAra' aura 'paravAra' anvaya meM koI bheda nahIM thaa| (u) 'paravAra baMdhu' ke mArca 1940 ke aka meM sva0 bAbU ThAkuradAsa jI TIkamagar3ha ne katipaya mUtilekha prastuta kiye haiM, unameM eka lekha aisA bhI mudrita huA hai jisameM isa anvaya ko parapaTa kahA gayA hai / parapaTAnvaye zubhe sAdhunAmnA mahezvaraH / yaha lekha lagabhaga 11-12 vIM sadI kA hai| . isa prakAra, pratimA lekhoM meM isa anvaya ke lie aneka nAmoM kA ullekha huA hai / para una sabakA Azaya ekamAtra 'paurapATa' anvaya se hI rahA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki isa anvaya ke lie bArahavIM sadI se 'paravAra' nAya kA prayoga hone lagA thaa| sandarbha grantha 1. lor3hA, daulata siMha, prAgvATa itihAsa, 1-2 / 2. vaidya, citAmaNi vinAyaka; madhyayugIna bhArata / 3. joharApurakara, vidyAdhara; bhaTTAraka sampradAya / 4. nAthUrAma premI; paravAra baMdhu, paravAra sabhA, jabalapura, apraila maI, 1940 / 5. ThAkura dAsa jaina; pUrvokta, mArca, 1940 / 6. - jAtibhAskara, veMkaTezvara priMTiMga presa, bambaI / 7. muMzI, ke0 ema; gujarAtanonAya / 8. ojhA, gaurIzaMkara horAcandra; rAjapUtAnA kA itihaas-| 9. zAstrI, nemacandra; mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, di0 jaina vidvat pariSad, sAgara, 1974 / 10. samaMtabhadra, svAmI; ratnakaraMDa zrAvakAcAra / 11. vaTTakera, AcArya; mUlAcAra, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzo, 1984 / 12. vidyAlaMkAra satyaketu; agravAla jAti kA itihAsa / 13. AcArya, somadeva; upAsakAdhyayana, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI / 14. muni jinavijaya; kumArapAla pratibodha / 15. nemicaMdra, sUri; mahAvIra caritra / 16. - caritrasAra, di0 jaina samAja, sIkara, 1944 / A0 paMDita jI kA yaha lekha unake eka pUrNa lekha kA eka aMza hai| sampAdaka maNDala ko yaha jAnakara prasannatA huI hai ki pUrNa lekha zIghra pustakAkAra rUpa meM di0 jaina paravAra sabhA, jabalapura kI ora se prakAzita hone vAlA hai / hamAre grantha ke lie vyaktigata rUpa se isa lekha ko dene ke lie samiti paNDita jI kA AbhArI hai|

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siddhakSetra kuNDalagiri siddhAntAcArya paM. phUlacanda zAstrI hastinApura, u0 pra0 bhAratavarSa AryAvarta kA vaha bhAga hai jahA~ se avasarpiNI ke cauthe kAla meM aura utsarpiNI ke tIsare kAla meM anantAnanta muni mokSa gaye haiM, jAte rahate haiM aura jAte raheMge / isaliye isa deza ke prAyaH sabhI pradezoM meM jaina siddha kSetroM kA pAyA jAnA nizcita hai| isa kAla meM bhagavAn mahAbIra svAmI ke mokSagamana ke anantara gautama svAmI, sudharmAcArya aura jambU svAmI mokSa gaye haiM / ye tInoM anubaddha kevalI the / triloka prajJapti ke ullekha se mAlUma par3atA hai ki zrIdhara nAma ke eka munirAja zrI kuNDalagiri se mokSa gaye haiM / ye ananubaddha kevalI the / ye pUrvokta tIna kevaliyoM se bhinna haiM / triloka prajJapti kA yaha ullekha isa prakAra haiM (1) kuNDalagirimi carimo kevalaNANIsu siridharo siddho / cAraNarisIsu carimo supAsacandAbhidhANo ya // / 4-1479 // (2) triloka prajJapti ke isa pATha kI puSTi prAkRta nirvANa bhakti ke " NivaNakuNDalI vande" pATha se bhI hotI hai / isI ke anurUpa saMskRta nirvANabhakti ke nimna zloka meM bhI kuNDalagiri ko siddhakSetra svIkAra karate hue vaha giri kahA~ para hai, isakA bhI bhale prakAra nideza kara diyA gayA hai : (3) droNImati prabalakuNDalameDha ke ca vaibhAraparvatatale varasiddhakUTe / RSyAdrike ca vipulAdribalAhake ca, vindhye ca podanapure vRSadopake ca // 29 // arthAt droNIgiri, kuNDalagiri, muktAgiri, vaibhAragiri kA tala bhAga, siddhavarakUTa, RSigiri, vipulagiri, valAhakagiri, vindhya, podanapura aura vRSadIpa meM jo siddha hue, unakI maiM vandanA karatA hU~ / isa pATha meM droNagiri aura muktAgiri ke madhya meM kuNDalagiri kA nAma AyA hai| kathana soddezya honA caahiye| isase nizcita hotA hai ki ina donoM giriyoM ke madhya meM kahIM isa prakAra ukta tIna ullekhoM se hama jAnate haiM ki inameM jisa kuNDalagiri ko siddha kSetra svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, vaha yahI kuNDalagiri hai aura zrIdhara munirAja yahIM se mokSa gaye haiM / praveza kA nirNaya AcArya pUjyapAda kA yaha kuNDalagiri avasthita hai | nirvANa bhakti ke ukta ullekha se yaha to nirNaya ho jAtA hai damoha ke pAsa kA kuNDalagiri hI zrIdhara svAmI kA nirvANa sthAna hai / phira bhI, anya pramANoM se bhI hama yaha nirNaya kareMge ki yaha kuNDalagiri damoha jile meM hI avasthita hai yA usakA anya pradeza meM honA sambhava hai / pahale madhyapradeza meM damoha ke pAsa ke siddhakSetra ko kuNDalapura kahA jAtA thA / isalie kuNDalagiri kahA~ para hai, yaha vivAda kA viSaya banA huA thaa| abhI taka kuNDalapura nAma ke cAra sthAna svIkAra kiye jAte rahe haiM / unameM se prakRta kuNDalapura kahA~ para hai, usa para yahA~ vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / (1) jahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI kA janma huA thA, usakA nAma to vAstava meM kuNDala grAma hai kintu lokabhASA meM ise kuNDalapura kahA jAtA hai| kucha AcAryoM ne bhI ise kuNDalapura nAma se svIkAra kiyA hai /

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368 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa (2) nAlandA ke nikaTa bar3AgAMva ko kuNDalapura mAnakara use vartamAna meM bhagavAn mahAbIra kA janmasthAna mAnA jAtA hai / vahA~ eka jina mandira bhI banA huA hai / sAdhAraNa janatA vandanA kI dRSTi se vahA~ pahu~catI rahatI hai| (3) eka kuNDalapura satArA jile meM sthita hai| yaha pUnA se satArA vAle relamArga para kirloskara bAr3I se 7 kimI0 para sthita hai| yahA~ sthita pahAr3a para do jina mandira bhI bane hue hai, isalie yaha tIrthakSetra ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai| (4) madhyapradeza ke damoha jile ke antargata 35 kimo0 dUra IzAna dizA meM jo kSetra avasthita hai, usake pAsa kuNDalapura nAma kA gA~va hone se, kSetra ko bhI kuNDalapura kahA jAtA rahA hai| para vahA~ sthita kSetra kA nAma vAstava meM kuNDalagiri hI hai| isa prakAra kuNDalapura nAma ke ye cAra sthAna prasiddha haiN| inameM se do hI aise sthAna haiM jo vicAra koTi meM liye jA sakate haiN| eka mahArASTra meM satArA jile ke antargata kuNDala sthAna aura dUsarA ma0pra meM damoha jile ke antargata kuNDalapura sthaan| ina donoM sthAnoM para jo parvata hai, una para jina mandira bane hue haiN| isalie donoM hI sthAna kSetra ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiM / aba dekhanA yaha hai ki ina donoM sthAnoM meM se siddhakSetra kauna ho sakatA hai / 1-triloka prajJapti ke pramANa se to yahI mAlUma par3atA hai ki jo kuNDalAkAra giri hai, vahI siddhakSetra ho sakatA hai, dUsarA nhiiN| isa bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhakara jaba hama vicAra karate haiM, to isase yahI pratIta hotA hai damoha jile meM kuNDalapura ke ati nikaTa kA pahAr3a hI kuNDalagiri siddhakSetra honA caahie| yaha giri svayaM to kuNDalAkAra hai hI, kintu isa giri se lagakara kuNDalAkAra giriyoM kI eka zRMkhalA cAlU ho jAtI hai / damoha se kaTanI ke lie jo sar3aka jAtI hai, usa para avasthita jo prathama kuNDalAkAra giri hai, vahI prAcIna kAla se siddhakSetra mAnA jA rahA hai| isalie usa giri para sthita pUre siddhakSetra ke darzana ho jAte haiN| kintu usase lagakara kAra dUsarA giri milatA hai, usakI racanA bhI aisI banI huI hai ki usake madhya meM sthita sar3aka se cAra-pAMca jina mandiroM ke darzana ho jAte haiN| yahI sthiti tIsare, cauthe aura pAMcaveM kuNDalAkAra giriyoM kI hai| mAtra una giriyoM para sthita jina mandiroM kA darzana sar3aka se uttarottara saMkhyA meM kama hotA jAtA hai| isalie ina giriyoM kI aisI prAkRtika racanA ko dekhakara yaha nizcaya hotA hai ki triloka prajJapti meM jisa kuNDalagiri siddhakSetra kA ullekha hai, vaha yahI honA caahie| 2-iNDiyana enTokverI meM nandisaMgha kI eka paTTAvali aMkita hai / yaha jaina siddhAnta bhAskara 1, 4, pRSTha 79 1912 meM mudrita kI gayI hai / yaha paTTAvali dvitIya bhadrabAhu se cAlU hotI hai| isameM batalAyA gayA hai ki vikrama saM0 1140 (1083 I0) meM mahAcandra yA mAdhavacandra nAma ke jo paTTadhara AcArya hue haiM, unakA mukhya sthAna kuNDalapura (damoha jilA) thaa| inakA paTTastha kramAMka 52 hai / yaha bhI eka pramANa hai| isase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki damoha jile meM kuNDalapura ke pAsa kA kuNDalagiri gyArahavIM sadI meM bhI isI rUpa meM mAnA jAtA rahA hai / yahA~ ullikhita paTTAvali gautama gaNadhara se prArambha hotI hai phira bhI, isa paTTAvali ko jo dvitIya bhadrabAhu se prArambha kiyA gayA hai isakA kAraNa yaha pratIta hotA hai ki dvitIya bhadrabAhu ke kAla meM hI balAtkAragaNa kI sthApanA ho gayI thii| isIlie isa paTTAvali ko balAtkAragaNa kI paTTAvali bhI kahA jAtA hai / pahile to paTTadhara jitane bhI AcArya hote the, ve saba muni hI hote the| yaha paramparA 13 vIM sadI taka akSuNNa rahatI aaii| kintu basantakIrti muni ke kAla meM paTTa para baiThane vAle muniyoM dvArA vastra grahaNa karanA prArambha ho jAne se (bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0 93) ve bhaTTAraka zabda dvArA abhihita kiye jAne lge| isa paTTAvali ko kevala bhaTTAraka

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siddhakSetra kuNDalagiri 369 paTTAvali kahanA upayukta nahIM hai| ataH 12 vIM zatAbdI meM kuNDalagiri ke jo paTTadhara AcArya mahAcandra hue haiM, ve bhaTTAraka na hokara muni hI the, yaha spaSTa hai / isa vivecana se bhI nizcita ho jAtA hai ki damoha jile ke kuNDalapura ke pAsa kA kuNDalagiri hI siddhakSetra hai / triloka prajJasi meM jisa kuNDalagiri kA ullekha hai, vaha yahI hai, anya nahIM / 3-kuNDalagiri siddhakSetra lagabhaga 2500 varSa purAnA hai / yahA~ pahAr3a para eka prAcIna jina mandira hai / ise bar3e bAbA kA mandira kahate haiM / yahA~ eka kuNDalapura grAma ke parisara meM aura dUsarA kuNDalagiri pahAr3a ke talabhAga meM do maThAkAra prAcIna jina mandira bhI bane hue haiN| sarakArI purAtatva vibhAga dvArA ina mandiroM ko brahmamandira kahA gayA hai| ye tInoM chaThavIM zatAbdI yA usake pahile ke haiN| inheM sUcita karane vAlA eka zilApaTTa damoha relave sTezana para lagA huA hai| zilApaTTa meM jo ibArata likhI gaI hai, usakA hindI bhAva isa prakAra hai : jainiyoM kA tIrthasthAna kuNDalapura damoha se lagabhaga 20 mIla IzAna kI tarapha hai / yahA~ para chaThavIM sadI ke do prAcIna brahmamandira hai| inake sivAya 58 jaina mandira hai| mukhya mandira meM 12 phITa U~cI padmAsana mahAvIra kI pratimA hai / yahA~ para hara sAla mAgha mahIne ke anta meM jainiyoM kA bar3A bhArI melA lagatA hai| ipa zilApaTTa meM 58 mandiroM ke sAtha do brahmamandiroM kA ullekha kara unheM purAtatva vibhAga dvArA chaThavIM sadI kA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| itanA avazya hai ki 58 jinamandiroM meM bar3e bAbA kA mukhya mandira aura do brahmamandira chaThavIM sadI ke haiM / zeSa jina mandira arvAcIna haiN| isalie yahA~ "bar3e bAbA" ke mukhya mandira sahita do brahma mandiroM kA paricaya denA iSTa pratIta hotA hai / (ka) 'bar3e bAbA' ke mukhya mandira kA kramAMka 11 hai| jaisA usakA nAma hai, utanA hI vaha vizAla hai / usakA garbhAlaya pASANa nirmita hai| pahale garbhAlaya kA pravezadvAra purAne DhaMga kA bahata choTA thaa| usameM siMhAsana para virAjamAna 'bar3e bAbA' kI mUrti ko kaI zatAbdiyoM tathA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI mUrti kahA jAtA rahA / garbhAlaya ke bAhara dIvAla meM jo zilApaTTa lagAyA gayA hai, usameM bhI use bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mUrti kahA gayA hai| kintu vastutaH yaha bhagavAn mahAvIra ko mUrti na hokara bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI mUrti hai kyoMki bar3e bAbA kI mUrti meM donoM kandhoM se se kucha nIce taka bAloM ko do-do laTeM laTaka rahI haiM aura Asana ke nIce siMhAsana meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke yakSa-yakSI aGkita kie gae haiN| mUrti padmAsana mudrA meM 12 phuTa 6 iJca U~cI hai aura usakI caur3AI 11 phuTa 4 iJca hai| isake donoM pAva bhAgoM meM 11 phuTa 10 iJca U~ce khaDgAsana mudrA meM sAta phaNI bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke do jinabimba avasthita haiN| sAtha hI, praveza dvAra ko chor3akara tInoM ora dIvAla ke sahAre prAcIna jinabimba sthApita kiye gaye hai| mUla nAyaka bar3e bAbA arthAt bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko chor3akara ye saba jinabimba donoM brahmamandiroM se aura barraTa gA~va se lAkara yahAM virAjamAna kiye gae haiN| (kSetra ke anya jinamandiroM meM bhI prAcIna pratimAyeM avasthita haiM / ve bhI inhIM sthAnoM se lAyI gayI jAna par3atI hai|) isa kAraNa garbhAlaya kI zobhA apUrva aura manojJa bana gayI hai / kSetra kI zobhA bar3e bAbA se to hai hI, anya bhI aisI aneka vizeSatAyeM haiM jinake kAraNa yaha kSetra apUrva mahimA se yukta pratIta hotA hai / isa kAraNa pratyeka varSa vahA~ mAgha mAha meM melA lagatA hai| zrI balabhadra jI 'madhyapradeza ke jainatIrtha' pR0 189 meM likhate hai ki 'dhyAna se dekhane para pratIta hotA hai ki bar3e bAbA aura pArzvavartI dInoM pArzvanAtha pratimAoM ke siMhAsana mUlataH ina pratimAoM ke nahIM haiN| bar3e bAbA kA siMhAsana do pASANa khaNDoM ko jor3akara banAyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| isI prakAra pArzvanAtha pratimAoM ke Asana kinhIM khaDgAsana pratimAoM ke avazeSa jaise pratIta hote haiN| kintu yaha sahI nahIM lgtaa| bar3e bAbA kA pRSThabhAga, jisa zilA ko kATakara yaha mUrti banAI gayI hai, usase jur3A huA pratIta hotA hai aura yaha ho sakatA hai |

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370 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa banA huA thA / usa ki siMhAsana do pASANa khaNDoM se banAyA gayA ho| para merI namra rAya meM use usI sthAna para nirmita kiyA gayA hai | bArIkI se dekhane para jisa Asana para bar3e bAbA virAjamAna haiM, vaha anyatra se nahIM lAyA gayA hai / yahA~ Ane vAle darzanArthiyoM kA kahanA hai ki siMhAsana meM golaka ke lie eka surAkha sukha meM rupayA paisA DAlane para talabhAga meM vaha kahA~ jAtA thA, isakA Aja taka patA nahIM claa| isa kAraNa aba yaha surAkha banda kara diyA gayA hai / vaha sthAna kucha bhAiyoM ne hameM bhI dikhAyA thA / isase to aisA hI pratIta hotA hai ki bar3e bAbA kA jinabimba aura siMhAsana Adi jo kucha bhI nirmita huA hai, vaha vahIM huA hai / phira bhI hamArI rAya hai ki purAtatvavidoM va injIniyaroM ko bulAkara ina saba bAtoM kI samIkSA eka bAra avazya karA lenA cAhie tAki isa sambandha meM hone vAle bhrama ko dUra kiyA jA sake / (kha) prathama brahma mandira kuNDalagiri kI talahaTI meM sthita hai / maiM aneka bhAiyoM ke sAtha usake abhyantara bhAga kA avalokana karane ke lie vahA~ gayA thaa| unameM samAja ke prasiddha vidvAn zrI paM0 jaganmohanalAla jI zAstrI bhI the / kintu mandira ke dvAra para kucha bhAiyoM ne tAlA lagA rakhA hai| isaliye usake bhItara praveza karake usake bhItara kyA hai, yaha hama nahIM dekha sake / phira bhI, una bhAiyoM kA kahanA thA ki mandira ke bhItara jo devI kI mUrti hai, vaha padmAvatI devI kI hI hai / (ga) dUsare brahmamandira ko rukmiNI maTha bhI kahA jAtA hai / vaha bhI chaThIM sadI kA hai / yaha kuNDalapura grAma ke parisara meM avasthita hai / ise rukmiNI maTha kyoM kahA jAtA hai, isake pIche eka itihAsa hai / yaha brahmamandira jIrNa bar3e bAbA ke mandira meM sthApita zIrNa avasthA meM hai / vahA~ pahale jo jinabimba virAjamAna the, unheM yahA~ se le jAkara kara diyA gayA hai / isa mandira ke madhya bhAga meM 3 hAtha 4 aMgula caur3A zilApaTTa hai / meM usameM aMkita AmravRkSa ke mUla bAlaka haiM aura dUsarA bAlaka usameM bhI jaina mUrtiyA~ aMkita hotI rahatI hai / parantu ina dekharekha nahIM ho pAtI / na to samAja kA isa meM bhagavAna neminAtha sahita yakSa-yakSiNI kI eka mUrti pratiSThita hai / yakSiNI kI godI AmravRkSa para car3hatA huA dikhAyA gayA hai| isa brahma mandira meM giradala rakhA huA hai / hai / bar3e bAbA kA mandira to samAja ke adhikAra meM hone se usakI bhale prakAra dekha-rekha donoM brahma mandiroM kI nahIM hotI / yadyapi kuNDalagiri kI talahaTI meM jo brahmamandira hai, usa para anya bhAiyoM ne kabjA avazya kara rakhA hai, parantu dUsare brahmamandira ke samAna isakI bhI samucita ora dhyAna hai aura na purAtatva vibhAga kA ho / (gha) bar3e bAbA ke mandira kA jo garbhAlaya haiM, usase laga kara jo maNDapa hai, usake madhya meM eka cabUtarA banA huA hai| usa para madhya meM purAne caraNa cihna virAjamAna haiM / ve kitane prAcIna haiM, yaha kahanA kaThina hai / para jisa pASANa khaNDa ko kATakara unheM banAyA gayA hai, use dekhate hue ye caraNa-cihna hajAra ATha sau varSa purAne niyama se hone cAhiye, aisA pratIta hotA hai / sambhava hai ki yahA~ para san 1140 meM mahAcandra nAma ke jo paTTadhara AcArya ho gaye haiM, unake anurodha para ho, yaha nizcaya hone se ki yahI vaha kuNDalagiri hai jahAM se zrIdhara svAmI mokSa gaye haiM, ina caraNa cihnoM kI sthApanA kI gayI ho / una para 'kuNDalagirI zrIdhara svAmI' yaha likhA hone se bhI yahI pratIta hotA hai ki unhoMne hI zrIdhara svAmI ke ina caraNa cinhoM kI sthApanA karAI hogI / zrI paM0 balabhadrajo ne 'madhyapradeza ke digambara jaina tIrtha' ke pR0 193 para jo ina caraNa cihnoM ko 12-13vIM zatAbdI kA sUcita kiyA hai, usase bhI isa bAta kI satyatA pramANita hotI hai / 1 (ca) donoM brahma mandiroM se jo kara dI gaI haiM / unake AkAra aura nirmANa nahIM dikhAI deto ki ye saba mUrtiyA~ kama se kama utanI prAcIna pratIta hota haiM jitane prAcIna brahmamandira haiM / ve saba mUrtiyA~ padmAsana haiM, saMkhyA meM 14 haiM aura pratyeka meM puSpavarNI deva aura caramavAhaka haiM / pratimAyeM lAI gaI thIM, unameM se bahuta-sI pratimAyeM to zailI ko dekhate hue isa kathana ko svIkAra kara lene garbhAlaya meM hI sthApita meM hameM koI Apatti

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siddhakSetra kuNDalagiri 371 (cha) inake sivAya, barraTa Adi sthAnoM se lAI gaI mUrtiyAM anya mandiroM meM sthApita kI gaI haiN| unameM khaDgAsana aura padmAsana-donoM prakAra kI pratimAyeM haiN| udAharaNArtha, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 19, 20, 29, 40 aura 50 saMkhyAMka jina mandiroM meM dezI pASANa nirmita pratimAyeM virAjamAna haiN| isa prakAra 3, 5, aura 6 saMkhyaka mandiroM meM dezI pASANa nirmita caraNa cihna haiN|| (ja) ina saba pramANoM para dRSTipAta karane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isa kSetra kA nirmANa chaThavIM sadI se pahale ho ho gayA thaa| yaha Thoka hai ki yahA~ ke mandiroM meM baraMTa se dezI pASANa nirmita bahuta-sI mUrtiyAM lAkara pratiThita kI gayI hai, parantu isase kSetra kI prAcInatA meM koI bAdhA nahIM pdd'tii| inameM bahuta sI mUrtiyAM aGga-bhaGga bhI haiM / sAtha hI, bar3e mandira kI parikramA ke pIche khule bhAga meM cabUtare para dIvAla se laga kara bahuta-sI mUrtiyA~ yahA~ vahA~ se lAkara rakhI huI hai / isase bhI ukta tathya kI puSTi hotI hai / koThiyA jI ke mata para vicAra DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA, nyAyAcArya ne 'anekAnta' varSa 8, kiraNa 3, mArca 1946 meM 'kauna-sA kuNDalagiri siddhakSetra hai" zIrSaka se eka lekha likhA thaa| use par3ha kara patra dvArA maiMne unheM aise lekha na likhane kA Agraha kiyA thaa| usa samaya jahAM taka mujhe yAda hai, unhoMne merI yaha bAta svIkAra bhI kara lI thii| kintu punaH kucha parivartana ke sAtha usI lekha ko jaba maiMne unake abhinandana grantha meM dekhA, to mujhe bar3A Azcarya huaa| isase hI mujhe isa viSaya para sAMgopAMga vicAra karane kI preraNA milI / ___ isa lekha meM unhoMne batAyA hai ki san 1946 ke pUrva vidvatpariSada ke kaTanI adhivezana meM 'kyA damoha jile kA kuNDalagiri siddhakSetra hai' isakA nirNaya karane ke lie tIna vidvAnoM kI eka upasamiti banAI gaI thiiN| usI AdhAra para apane anusandhAna, vicAra aura usake niSkarSa ko vidvAnoM ke sAmane rakhane ke lie DaoN0 sAhaba ne usa samaya vaha lekha likhA thA / unake abhinandana grantha meM prakAzita unakA etadviSayaka dUsarA lekha bhI unhoMne isa viSaya ke 'anusandheya' bhAva se likhA hai / triloka prajJapti ke anusAra antima ananubaddha kevalI zrIdhara svAmI kuNDalagiri se mokSa gaye haiN| AcArya pAdapUjya (pUjyapAda) ne bhI svalikhita nirvANa-bhakti meM kuNDalagiri ko nirvANa kSetra svIkAra kiyA hai| parantu yaha kuNDalagiri kisa kevalI ko nirvANabhUmi hai, yaha kucha bhI nahIM likhA hai| vahI sthiti "kriyAkalApa' meM saMgRhIta prAkRta nirvANa bhakti kI bhI hai, isa prakAra ina tIna ullekhoM se yaha to spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kuNDalagiri siddhakSetra hai / aba vicAra yaha karanA hai ki vaha kuNDalagiri siddhakSetra phisa pradeza meM avasthita hai| AcArya pUjyapAda ne apane svalikhita saMskRta nirvANa bhakti ke 9 saMkhyaka zloka meM droNIgiri ke anantara kuNDalagiri kA ullekha karake bAda meM muktAgiri kA ullekha kiyA hai| sAtha hI, isameM rAjagRhI ke pA~ca pahAr3oM meM se vaibhAragiri, RSigiri, vipulagiri aura valAhakagiri kA bhI ullekha karate hue ina nirvANa bhUmi svIkAra kiyA hai| isa ullekha se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki AcArya pUjyapAda kI dRSTi meM rAjagRhI ke pA~ca pahAr3oM meM se cAra pahAr3a hI siddhakSetra haiM, pANDugiri siddhakSetra nahIM hai / unhoMne apane dUsare lekha meM jo yaha likhA hai ki 'pUjyapAda ke ullekha se jJAta hotA hai ki unake samaya meM pANDugiri, jo vRtta (gola) hai, kuNDalagiri bhI kahalAtA thaa|' so isa sambandha meM hamArA itanA kahanA paryApta hai ki isakI puSTi meM unheM koI pramANa denA cAhiye thaa| sabhI AcAryoM ne pANDugiri ko hI likhA hai| unhoMne bhI vahI kiyA hai| isase yaha kahA~ siddha hotA hai ki unake samaya pANDugiri kuNDalagiri bhI kahalAtA thaa| pratyut usase yahI siddha hotA hai ki unakI dRSTi meM ye do svatantra pahAr3a the| cAra pahAr3oM ke siddhakSetra hone kA ullekha A0 pUjyapAda racita saMskRtanirvANabhakti meM bhI hai| yaha ullekha na to triloka prajJapti meM hI dRSTigocara hotA hai aura na prAkRta nirvANa bhakti meM hii| kintu koThiyA jI kA vicAra hai ki jaba AcArya pUjyapAda ne rAjagRha ke pAMca pahAr3oM meM se cAra ko siddhakSetra mAnI hai, to pANDugiri bhI .

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372 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa siddhakSetra honA cAhiye / ise siddhakSetra siddha karane ke liye unhoMne jo tarka praNAlI apanAyI hai, vaha avazya hI vicAraNIya ho jAtI hai / unhoMne triloka prajJapti, harivaMza purANa aura dhavalA-jayadhavalA ke pramANa dekara pAMca pahAr3oM kA vizeSa varNana prastuta kiyA hai| triloka prajJapti ke anusAra RSigiri, vaibhAragiri, vipulagiri, chinnagiri aura pANDugiri ye pA~ca pahADoM ke nAma haiN| dhavalA va jayadhavalA ke anasAra bhI pAMca pahADoM ke nAma triloka prajJapti ke anarUpa haiN| mAtra harivaMzaparANa ke anasAra, chinnagiri ke sthAna meM balAhakagiri kahA gayA hai| zeSa cAra pahADoM ke nAma vahI hai jo triloka prajJapti meM svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| yahA~ itanA vizeSa jAnanA ki triloka prajJapti meM pANDugiri kA koI AkAra nahI diyA gayA hai, kintu zeSa ullekhoM meM use gola likhA hai| eka bAta yahA~ dhyAna dene yogya hai ki ina sabhI granthoM meM jo ye pAMca pahAr3oM ke nAma Aye haiM, ve unakA paricaya karAne ke abhiprAya se hI Aye haiN| ve siddha kSetra hai, isa abhiprAya se unakA ullekha una granthoM meM nahIM kiyA gayA hai / isalie una granthoM kA AdhAra dekara pANDugiri ko siddhakSetra ThaharAnA upayukta pratIta nahIM hotaa| isake viparyAsa meM, triloka prajJapti meM jahA~ kuNDalagiri ko zrIdhara svAmI kA nirvANa kSetra kahA gayA hai, vaha prakaraNa ho dUsarA hai| vahA~ yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke mokSa jAne ke bAda kitane kebalo mokSa gaye hai| yahA~ isa bhArata bhUmi meM kitane siddhakSetra haiM aura ve kahA~-kahA~ haiM, yaha nahIM batalAyA gayA hai / mAtra prasaGgavaza kuNDalagiri ko pANDugiri siddha karake use siddhakSetra ThaharAnA ucita pratIta nahIM hotaa| ise dRSTiojhala karake prathama lekha meM likhate haiM ki-yahA~ yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki balAhaka ko chinna bhI kahA jAtA hai| ataH eka parvata ke ye do nAma haiM aura inakA ullekha granthakAroM ne donoM nAmoM se kiyA hai| jinhoMne balAhaka nAma diyA hai, unhoMne chinna nAma nahIM diyA aura jinhoMne chinna nAma diyA hai, unhoMne balAhaka nAma nahIM diyA aura avasthAna sabhI ne eka-sA batalAyA tathA paMca pahAr3oM ke sAtha usako ginatI kI hai| ataH balAhaka aura chinna donoM paryAyavAcI nAma haiN| isI taraha 'RSyAdrika aura RSigiri-ye bhI paryAya nAma haiN|' __"aba idhara dhyAna deM ki jina vIrasena aura jinasena svAmI ne pANDugiri kA nAmollekha kiyA hai, unhoMne phira kaNDalagiri kA nAmollekha nahIM kiyaa| isI prakAra pUjyapAda ne jahA~ sabhI nirvANa kSetroM ko ginAte huye kuNDalagiri kA nAma diyA hai, phira unhoMne pANDugiri kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| hA~, yativRSabha ne avazya pANDugiri aura kuNDalagiri donoM nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / lekina do vibhinna sthAnoM meM kiyA hai| pANDugiri kA to pA~ca pahAr3oM ke sAtha prathama adhikAra meM aura kuNDalagiri kA cauthe adhikAra meM kiyA hai / ataeva pANDugiri-bhinna kuNDalagiri abhISTa ho. aisA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kintu aisA jAna par3atA hai ki yativRSabha ne pUjyapAda kI nirvANabhakti dekhI hogI aura usameM pajyapAda ke dvArA pANDugiri ke liye nAmAMtara rUpa meM prayukta kuNDalagiri ko pAkara inhoMne kuNDalagiri kA bhI nAmollekha kiyA hai| pratIta hotA hai ki pUjyapAda ke samaya meM pANDugiri ko kuNDalagiri bhI kahA jAtA thaa| ataeva unhoMne pANDugiri ke sthAna meM kuNDalagiri nAma diyA hai|" isa ullekha se aisA lagatA hai ki paMca pahAr3oM meM sabhI pahAr3a siddhakSetra hai| aisA mAnakara hI koThiyA jI kuNDalagiri ko pANDugiri samajhakara use (pANDugiri ko) siddhakSetra siddha kara rahe haiN| apane isa kathana kI puSTi meM jaise chinnagiri kA dUsarA nAma balAhakagiri hai, vaise hI pANDugiri kA dUsarA nAma kuNDalagiri kuNDalAkAra hai aura pANDagiri gola hai, yaha batA karake bhI donoM ko eka likhA hai| kintu unake ye tarka tabhI saMgata mAne jA sakate haiM jaba anya kisI grantha meM ve pANDugiri kA paryAya nAma kuNDalagiri batA skeN| rahI kuNDalAkAra aura gola AkAra kI bAta, so pANDugiri gola hokara Thosa hai aura kuNDalagiri aisA Thosa nahIM hai| balAhaka (chinna) pahAr3a ko avazya ho dhanuSAkAra batalAyA gayA hai| yadi pANDugiri bhI dhanuSAkAra hotA, to use gola nahIM likhA jaataa| isalie jahA~ pANDugiri ko kUNDalagiri ThaharAnA tarkasaMgata nahIM pratIta hotA, vahA~ pANDugiri ko dhanuSAkAra ThaharAnA bhI tarkasaMgata pratIta nahIM hotaa|

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siddhakSetra kuNDalagiri 373 isalie prakRta meM yahI samajhanA cAhiye ki kuNDalagiri ho siddhakSetra hai, pANDugiri nhiiN| bhale hI usakI gaNanA rAjagRhoM ke paMca pahAr3oM meM kI gaI ho| ____ Age pariziSTa likhakara koThiyAjI likhate haiM ki 'jaba hama damoha ke pArzvavartI kuNDalagiri yA kuNDalapura ko aitihAsikatA para vicAra karate haiM, to usake koI puSTa pramANa upalabdha nahIM hote / kevala vikrama kI 17vIM zatAbdI kA utkIrNa huA zilAlekha prApta hotA hai jise mahArAja chAtrasAla ne vahA~ caityAlaya kA jIrNoddhAra karAte samaya khudavAyA thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki kuNDalapura meM bhaTTAraka kI gaddI thii| isa gaddI para chatrasAla ke samakAla meM eka prabhAvazAlI mantravidyA ke jJAtA bhaTTAraka taba pratiSThita the| taba unake prabhAva evaM AzIrvAda se chatrasAla ne eka bar3I bhArI yavana senA para kAbU karake usa para vijaya pAI thii| isase prabhAvita hokara chatrasAla ne kuNDalapura kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thA, Adi / ' unake isa mata ko par3hakara aisA lagatA hai ki ve eka to kabhI kuNDalapura gaye ho nahIM aura gaye bhI haiM to unhoMne vahAM kA bArIkI se adhyayana nahIM kiyA hai| ve yaha to svIkAra karate hai ki chatrasAla ke kAla meM vahAM eka caityAlaya thA aura vaha jIrNa ho gayA thaa| phira bhI, ve kuNDalagiri kI aitihAsikatA ko svIkAra nahIM karate / jabaki purAtatva vibhAga kuNDalagiri kI aitihAsikatA ko AThavIM zatAbdI taka kA svIkAra karatA hai| usake pramANa rUpa meM katipaya cihna Aja bhI vahA~ pAye jAte haiN| aura sabase bar3A pramANa to bhagavAn RSabhadeva (bar3e bAbA) kI mUrti hI hai| use 18vIM sadI se 100 varSa purAnI batAnA kisI sthAna ke itihAsa ke sAtha nyAya karanA nahIM kahA jAyagA / jina logoM kA kSetra se koI sambandha nahIM, jo jaina dharma ke upAsaka bhI nahIM, ve purAtatva kA bhale prakAra anusandhAna karake kSetra ko chaThI zatAbdI kA likheM aura usake pramANa svarUpa damoha sTezana para eka zilApaTTa dvArA usakI prasiddhi bhI kareM aura hama hai ki usakA samyak prakAra se avalokana to kareM nahIM, vahA~ pAye jAnevAle prAcIna avazeSoM ko buddhigamya kareM nahIM, phira bhI usakI prAcInatA ko lekhoM dvArA sandeha kA viSaya banAyeM, vaha pravRtti acchI nahIM kahI jA sktii| koThiyAjI ne apane donoM lekhoM meM prasaMgataH do viSayoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| eka to nirvANakANDa ke viSaya meM carcA karate hue unhoMne likhA hai ki 'prabhAcandra (11 vIM zatI) aura zrutasAgara (15vIM-16vIM zatI) ke madhya meM bane prAkRta nirvANakANDa ke AdhAra se bane, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa (saM0 1741) ke bhASA nirvANakANDa meM jina siddha va atizaya kSetroM kI parigaNanA kI gaI hai, usameM bhI kuNDalapura ko siddhakSetra yA atizayakSetra ke rUpa meM parigaNita nahIM kiyA gyaa| isase yahI pratIta hotA hai ki yaha siddhakSetra to nahIM hai, atizaya kSetra bhI 15 vI-16 vIM zatAbdI ke bAda prasiddha honA caahie|' yaha koThiyAjI kA vaktavya hai| isase mAlUma par3atA hai ki unhone nirvANakANDa ke donoM pAThoM kA samyak avalokana nahIM kiyA hai| nirvANakANDa kA eka pATha mAnapITha pUjAJjali meM chapA hai| usameM kula 21 gAthAe~ hai / dUsarA pATha kriyAkalApa meM chapA hai| usameM pUrvokta 21 gAthAyeM to haiM hI, unake sivAya 8 gAthAyeM aura hai isalie koThiyAjI kA yaha likhanA ki nirvANakAMDa meM kuNDalagiri kA kisI bhI rUpa meM ullekha nahIM hai, ThIka pratIta nahIM hotaa| nirvANakANDa kA jo dUsarA pATha milatA hai, usakI 26 vI gAthA meM 'NivaNakuNDalI vande' isa gAthA ke cauthe pAda (caraNa) dvArA nirvANa kSetra kuNDalagiri kI vandanA kI gaI hai| yahA~ 'NivaNa' pada nirvANa artha ko sUcita karatA hai aura 'kuNDalI' pada kuNDalagiri artha ko sUcita karatA hai / "NivaNaM pada meM AimajapantavaNNasaralovo' isa niyama ke anusAra 'ba' vyaMjana aura 'A' kA lopa hokara NivaNa pada banA hai jo prAkRta ke niyamAnusAra ThIka hai| rahI bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke bhASA nirvANakANDa kI bAta, so unheM ikkIsa gAthA vAlA nirvANa kANDa milA hogaa| isalie yadi unhoMne bhASA nirvANakANDa meM kisI bhI rUpa ke kuNDalagiri kA ullekha nahIM kiyA, to isase yaha kahA~ siddha hotA hai ki vaha nirvANa kSetra nahIM hai| Apa prAkRta yA bhASA nirvANakANDa par3hiye, unameM yadi Upara vaNita rAjagRhoM ke pA~ca

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374 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstro sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa pahAr3oM meM se vaibhAra Adi cAra pahAr3oM ko siddhakSetra rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai, to kyA yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki ukta cAra pahAr3a siddhakSetra nahIM hI hai| vastutaH siddhakSetroM yA atizaya kSetroM ke nirNaya karane kA yaha mArga nahIM hai / kintu isa sambandha meM yaha mAna kara calA jAtA hai ki jina AcArya ko jitane siddhakSetroM yA atizaya kSetroM ke nAma jJAta hue, unhoMne usane siddhakSetroM aura atizaya kSetroM kA saMkalana kara diyaa| dUsare sonAgiri ke viSaya meM carcA karate hue unhoMne apane prathama lekha ke anta meM likhA hai ki 'ataH mere vicAra aura khoja se kapaDalagiri ko siddhakSetra ghoSita karane yA karAne kI ceSTA kI jAyagI, to eka anivArya bhrAnta paramparA isI prakAra kI cala uThegI jaisI ki vartamAna ke resiMdIgira aura sonAgira kI cala par3I hai|' usI meM heraphera karake unake dUsare lekha kA niSkarSa bhI yahI hai / ina do ullekhoM se aisA lagatA hai ki pahale to ve residIgira, sonAgira aura kuNDalagiri ina tInoM ko siddhakSetra nahIM mAnate rahe aura bAda meM unhoMne residogira aura sonAgira ko to siddhakSetra mAna liyA hai| mAtra kuNDalagiri ko siddhakSetra mAnane meM unheM vivAda hai| para kisa kAraNa se unhoMne sidIgira aura sonAgira ko siddha kSetra mAna liyA hai, isa sambandha meM ve mauna haiN| mAtra kuNDalagiri ko siddhakSetra na mAnane meM unhoMne jo tarka diye haiM, ve kitane pramANahIna hai, yaha hama pahale hI spaSTa kara Aye haiM / ataH hamAre lekha meM diye gaye tathyoM ke AdhAra para yahI mAnanA zeSa raha jAtA hai ki saba ora se vicAra karane para kuNDalagiri bhI siddhakSetra siddha hotA hai| ___ aba kevala bar3e vAbA ke garbhAlaya ke bAhara dIvAla para eka zilApaTTa meM jo prazasti utkIrNa hai, use avikala dekara usase jo tathya sAmane Ate haiM, una para prakAza DAla denA krama prApta hai / jise bhaTTAraka sampradAya grantha meM jeharaTa zAkhA kahA gayA hai, vaha vAstava meM jehuraTazAkhA na hokara canderI zAkhA hai| yaha zAkhA bhaTTAraka devendrakIti se prArambha hotI hai / isake chaTe paTTadhara bhaTTAraka lalitakIrti the| usI paTTa para baiThane vAle 7 veM bhaTTAraka dharmakIrti aura 8 veM bhaTTAraka padmakoti hae haiN| dharmakIti ne hI zrIrAmadeva purANa kI racanA kI hai| yaha paTTa mUlasaMgha kundakundAmnAya ke antargata sarasvatIgaccha balAtkAragaNa ke AmnAya ko mAnane vAlA thaa| cA~dakher3I ke eka zilAlekha meM ise paravAra bhaTTAraka paTTa bhI kahA gayA hai| zrI bhaTTAraka padmakIti ke samakakSa dUsare bhaTTAraka kA nAma candrakIrti thA / sambhavataH ye paTTadhara bhaTTAraka the| canderI paTTa ke 10 veM bhaTTAraka zrI surendrakIti the| unhoMne hI apane guru zrI surendrakIrti ke upadeza se bhikSATana dvArA bar3e bAbA ke mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karAne kA vicAra kiyA thaa| bAda meM unakI Ayu pUrNa ho jAne para jo vedI Adi kA kArya thor3A nyUna raha gayA thA, use namisAgara brahmacArI ne pUrA kraayaa| jisa samaya yaha kArya sampanna ho rahA thA, bundelakhaNDa ke prasiddha rAjA chatrasAla vahIM raha rahe the| musalamAnoM ke AkramaNa se trasta hokara vahAM unheM bahuta kAla taka rahanA pdd'aa| isase prabhAvita hokara unhoMne kuNDalagiri ke talabhAga meM eka vizAla sarovara kA nirmANa karAyA aura zrI mandira ke lie aneka upakaraNa bheMTa kiye| unameM do kA ghaNTA bhI thaa| bar3e bAbA ke mandira ke bAhara dIvAla meM lage hue vizAla paTTa kA yaha sAmAnya paricaya hai| isase itanA hI jJAta hotA hai ki vahA~ kuNDalagiri ke Upara eka prAcIna jinamandira thA, usameM jo bar3e bAbA kI mUrti virAjamAna thI, use brahmacArI namisAgara ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mUrti kahA hai / yaha jinamandira aura donoM brahmamandira, isa lekha se mAlUma par3atA hai ki uso kAla se prasiddhi meM Aye haiM aura usake phalasvarUpa vahA~ janatA kA AnA jAnA prArambha huA hai|

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zrIdhara svAmI ko nirvANa-bhUmi : kuNDalapura paMDita jaganmohanalAla zAstrI kuMDalapura aMtima kevalI zrIdhara svAmI kI nirvANa-bhUmi kA nAmollekha tiloyapaNNati, nirvANa kANDa Adi meM AyA hai| inhIM ke AdhAra para ukta nirvANa bhUmi kA nirNaya karane kA prayAsa kucha vidvAnoM dvArA pichale bIsa, bAisa varSoM meM kiyA gayA hai / isa saMbaMdha ke prAyaH sabhI zAstrIya ullekhoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara tatsambandhI upalabdha lekhoM kA manana karake tathA kucha navIna udghATita pramANoM para vicAra karate hue isa lekha meM bhagavAn zrIdhara svAmI ke nirvANa sthala para vicAra karate haye madhyapradeza ke damoha jile meM sthita prasiddha aura manorama kSetra kuNDalapura ko unakI siddha bhUmi mAnane ke kAraNa aura sAkSya prastuta karane kA maiM prayAsa kara rahA huuN| isa lekha kA prArambha zAstrokta pramANoM se karate hue sarvaprathama hama tiloyapaNNati ko saMdarbhita gAthA para vicAra kreNge| isa yativRSabhAcArya dvArA racita graMtha ke svAdhyAya kAla meM dekhI (gAthA saMkhyA 1471) / isa gAthA ke par3hane ke bAda aneka prazna uTha khar3e he| ye zrIdhara kevalI kaba hae ? antima kevalI to jamba svAmI kahe gaye haiM, phira ye carama kevalI kaise hue ? kuNDalagiri kauna-sA sthAna hai ? ityAdi / grantha ke avalokana se yaha jAnA jAtA hai ki kevalI to aneka prakAra ke hote haiM para pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke samaya do taraha ke kevalI mukhyatayA kahe gaye haiM : 1. anubaddha kevalI aura 2. ananubaddha kevalo / anubaddha kevalI ve haiM jo bhagavAn ke samavazaraNa meM sthita aneka ziSyoM meM bhagavAna ke pazcAta makhya upadeSTA paraMparA meM kevalajJAnI hokara hue / jo paripATI krama meM nahIM hae kintu kevalI hue, ve ananubaddha kevalI kahalAte haiM / inakI saMkhyA pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke samaya alaga-alaga batAI gaI hai / udAharaNArtha, bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke samavazaraNa meM kevalI saMkhyA 20000 para anubaddha kevalI kevala 84 / zrI ajitanAtha tIrthaMkara ke samavazaraNa meM sampUrNa kevala jJAniyoM kI saMkhyA 20000 para anubaddha kevalI kevala 84 / isI prakAra pratyeka tIrthakara ke anubaddha aura ananubaddha kevalI ko saMkhyAyeM bhinna haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samavazaraNa meM kevalI jJAnI 700 the aura anubaddha kevalI kevala tIna the / isakA yaha artha hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke paTTaziSya zrI gautama gaNadhara the, bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pazcAt kArtika kRSNa 15 ko hI zrI gautama kevalI hue| unake paTTa para rahane vAle sudharmAcArya the jo gaNadhara to bhagavAna mahAvIra ke the para unako paTTa zrI gautama svAmI ke bAda prApta huaa| sudharmAcArya bhI kevalo hue / unake paTTa para zrI jambU svAmI hae jo kevalI hue| jambU svAmI ke paTTa para zrI viSNunandi tathA viSNunandi ke paTTa para zrI nandimitra, nandimitra ke paTTa para aparAjita, phira govardhana aura unake paTTa para zrIbhadrabAhu (prathama) hue, para ye saba zrutakevalI hue, kevalI nahIM hue| inakI ziSya-praziSya paramparA Age bhUtabali AcArya taka 683 varSa pramANa clii| yadyapi AcArya paramparA Age bhI calI parantu yahA~ taka aMgajJAna rahA / isake bAda aMgadhArI nahIM hue| isa prakAra paTTadhara ziSyoM kI paramparA meM 3 kevalI hue / ve bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anubaddha kevalI the| inake sivAya jo 700 kevalI samavazaraNa meM the, ve ananubaddha kevalI the| unameM sabhI kevalI apanI-apanI Ayu ke anta meM siddha pada ko prApta haye hoMge / yadyapi inakA samayollekha nahIM hai, tathApi paJcama kAla kI Ayu 120 varSa kahIM hai taba inakI Ayu bhI adhika se adhika itano athavA caturthakAla meM inakA janma hone se kucha varSa adhika bhI rahI ho, to bhI bhagavAn ke muktigamana kAla ke bAda prathama zatAbdI meM hI inakA muktigamana siddha hai| ina 700 kevaliyoM meM antima zrI zrIdhara svAmI the jinakA tiloyapaNNati meM kuNDalagiri meM muktigamana batAyA hai /

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376 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa grantha meM ukta ullekha par3hane para merA dhyAna sarvaprathama damoha (madhyapradeza) ke nikaTa sthita kuNDalapura grAma para gayA / yaha parvata kuNDalAkAra (gola) hai, ataH kuNDalagiri ho sakatA hai| anyatra aisA parvata nahIM hai aura na aise grAma kI hI prasiddhi hai / mUlanAyaka vizAla pratimA bhagavAn mahAvIra kI hai, aisI prasiddhi hai / tathApi ciha ke sthAna para isameM koI cihna nahIM hai| aba yaha pratimA AdinAtha kI mAnI jAtI hai aura bar3e bAbA ke nAma se prasiddha hai| yaha sthAna zrI 1008 zrIdhara kevalI kI nirvANa-bhUmi hai, yaha nIce likhe pramANoM se spaSTa hai : 1. pUjyapAdakRta dazabhakti meM nirvANa bhakti ke prakaraNa meM nirvANa kSetroM ke nAmoM kI gaNanA hai| RSyAdrimer3haka-kuNDala-droNImati-biMdhya-podanapura Adi aneka nirvANa bhUmiyoM ke nAma hai| inameM paMca pahAr3iyoM meM sabhI ke nAma nahIM haiN| kevala unake nAma haiM jo siddha sthAna haiN| ve hai vaibhAra-vipulAcala-RSyAdrika / kuNDala zabda ke sAtha meDhaka zabda hai / ina donoM ke pUrva prabala zabda aura usake bAda hI paMcapahAr3iyoM meM usakA nAma hai| isase / jisa prakAra mer3haka mer3hagiri ke lie alaga se AyA hai, isI prakAra kuNDala zabda kuNDalagiri ke liye alaga se AyA hai / phalataH mer3hagiri kI taraha kuNDalagiri svatantra nirvANa bhUmi hai| anyathA nirvANa bhUmi meM usakA ullekha na pAyA jaataa| nirvANa bhUmiyoM meM usakA nAma AnA usa sthAna ko siddha-bhUmi mAnane ke liye paryApta pramANa hai| nirvANa bhakti meM isake pUrva ke zlokoM meM tIrthaMkaroM kI nirvANa bhUmiyoM ke nAma dekara AThaveM zloka ke pUrva nimna utthAnikA bhI hai : "idAnIM tIrthaMkarebhyo'nyeSAM nirvANabhUmim stotumAha" AThaveM zloka meM zatruJjaya tuGgIgiri kA nAmollekha hai-dasaveM zloka meM bhI kucha nAma hai| ina sabhI zlokoM kA artha nimna hotA hai : droNImati (droNagiri), prabalakuNDala, prabalamer3haka ye donoM, vaibhAra parvata kA talabhAga, siddhakUTa, RSyAdrika, vipulAdri, balAhaka, vidhya, podanapura, vRSadIpaka, sahyAcala, himavat, lambAyamAna gajapaMtha Adi pavitra pRthviyoM meM jo sAdhujana karmanAza kara mukti padhAre, ve sthAna jagat meM prasiddha hue| Age ke zlokoM meM ina sthAnoM kI pavitratA kA varNana kara stuti kI hai| prastuta prasaGga meM kuNDala zabda para vicAra karanA hai / TokA meM kuNDala aura mer3haka kI "prabala kuNDale prabala mer3hake ca" aisA likhA gayA hai jisakA artha svatantratA se zreSTha kuNDalagiri aura zreSTha mer3hagiri hotA hai / pAMca pahAr3iyoM meM kevala 3 nAma Ae haiM / RSyAdrika ko TIkAkAra ne zramaNagiri likhA hai| pAMca pahAr3iyoM ke nAma nimna hai : (1) ratnAgiri (RSigiri), (2) vaibhAragiri (3) vipulAcala (4) balAhaka (5) pANDu / bauddha granthoM meM pAMca pahAr3iyoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM-(1) vepulsa (2) vaibhAra (chinna zramaNagiri) (3) pANDava (4) isagiri (udayagiri, RSigiri) aura (5) gijjhakUTa / dhavalA TIkA meM inake nimna nAma haiM-(1) RSigiri (2) vaibhAra (3) vipulagiri (4) chinna (balAhaka) (5) pAMDu / ina tInoM nAmAvaliyoM se siddha hai ki pAMcoM pahAr3iyoM meM kuNDalagiri kisI kA bhI nAma nahIM thA aura na Aja bhI hai / taba paJca pahAr3iyoM meM usakI kalpanA kA koI AdhAra nahIM raha jaataa| phalataH kuNDalagiri svatantra nirvANa bhUmi hai, yaha siddha hotA hai| nIce likhA prAkRta nirvANabhakti kA ullekha bhI ise siddha karatA hai : aggala devaM vaMdami varaNadhare nivaNa kuNDalI vNde| pAsaM sirapuri vaMdami holAgiri saMkha devammi / varanagara meM agaladeva (AdinAtha) kI tathA nirvANa kuNDalI kSetra kI, zrIpura meM zrI pAzvanAtha ko tathA holAgiri zaMkhadvIpa meM zrI pArzvanAtha kI vaMdanA karatA huuN|

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zrIdhara svAmI kI nirvANa-bhUmi : kuNDalapura 377 yahA~ isa siddhakSetra kA ullekha 'NavaNa kuNDalI vande' ke rUpa meM ullikhita hai| yahA~ kuMDalI ke sAtha nirvANa zabda bhI hai / usa zabdoM para vicAra karane para parvata kuNDalI (sapaM ke) AkAra hai, aisA bhI artha hotA hai / kSetra ke darzaka ise sahaja hI samajha skeNge| chaighariyA kA mandira sarpa ke phaNAkAra hai, usake bAda yaha parvata sarpa kI taraha bala khAtA huA kucha utAra ke rUpa meM hai jahA~ eka jina maMdira hai, phira Upara car3hAva hai jisa car3hAva kI samApti para do jina mandira hai, phira do maMdiroM ke bAda parvata para balakhAte huye utAra hai| jahA~ bar3A mandira (mukhya mandira) hai, phira car3hAva para eka mandira hai, pazcAt pAMDe ke mandira taka samAna jAkara pIche sarpa kI pUMcha kI taraha laMbAyamAna calA gayA hai / sarpAkRti bhI parvata kI kuNDalAkAra ke rUpa meM hai| phalataH isI AkAra ke kAraNa saMbhava hai ise "kuMDalI" likhA gayA hai / parvata ke pIche bhAga se aneka parvata bhI kuNDalAkAra isase jur3e haiN| saMskRta nirvANa bhakti ke ullekha para yadi 'prabalaM' zabda para vicAra kiyA jAya, to "zreSTha" ke atirikta prabala kA artha 'aneka' bhI hotA hai / ataH jisameM aneka kuMDala hoM use prabala kuMDala bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / ina donoM ullekhoM se damoha kA kuMDalagiri hI kuMDalAkAra yA sarpAkAra hone se 'kuMDalagiri' siddha kSetra pramANa siddha hotA hai / prAyaH aneka siddha kSetroM kA paricaya AkAra ke AdhAra para varNita hai jaise mer3hAgiri-mer3ha ke AkAra, cUlagiri cUla ke AkAra, droNagiri-droNa (donA) ke AkAra, athavA bhaugolika sthiti ke anusAra droNagiri kA artha hotA hai, jisa parvata ke donoM ora pAnI ho, use droNagiri kaha sakate haiM / droNagiri siddha kSetra ke donoM ora nadiyAM bahatI hai| ataH usakA isa artha meM bhI sArthaka nAma hai| isI prakAra kaMDala ke samAna golAkAra yA kuMDalI (sapa) ke samAna sarpAkAra hone se isa kSetra kA paricaya kuMDalagiri yA kuMDalI parvata ke rUpa meM diyA gayA hai| donoM AkAroM ke kAraNa damoha kA kuMDalapura "kuMDalagiri" hI siddha kSetra hai, yaha siddha hotA hai| ___ isakI prasiddhi kuMDalapura ke nAma se hai, ataH ise kuMDalagiri nahIM mAnanA cAhiye / yaha bhI taka kinhIM sajjanoM dvArA upasthita kiyA jAtA hai / para itanI sAdhAraNa bAta to pratyeka buddhimAna samajhatA hai ki kuNDalagiri ke samIpa grAma ko 'kuMDalapura' hI kahA jAyegA / isa kSetra ke badale pAMDugiri (rAmagiri) ko kuMDalagiri mAnane ke saMbaMdha meM koThiyA jI ke maMtavyoM kI samIkSA hamAre sahayogI pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| ataH usakI punarAvRtti karane meM koI lAbha nahIM hai / yadi pAMca pahAr3iyoM meM isa siddha kSetra kA ullekha karanA abhISTa hotA to ve AcArya apane ullikhita pAMca pahAr3iyoM meM se hI isakA nAma avazya likhate / pAMDugiri ko vRttAkAra (gola) likhA hai, isase kuMDalagiri ho sakatA hai-aisI kalpanA to bhArata meM pAye jAne vAle sabhI golAkAra parvatoM para kI jA sakatI hai| yativRSabhAcArya ne svayaM apane ukta graMtha meM 'pANDu' aura 'kuMNDalagiri' kA do alaga-alaga nAmoM se vibhinna sthAnoM para ullekha kiyA hai / ataH yaha sUrya kI taraha spaSTa hai ki ye donoM sthAna bhinna-bhinna hI unheM iSTa the / ataH pANDugiri ko kuNDalagiri mAnane kI bAta svayaM nirasta ho jAtI hai| isa para hamAre sahayogI ne anyatra vicAra kiyA hai| phira bhI yadi kisI anya kSetra ko kuMDalagiri pramANita karane ke inase adhika koI spaSTa pramANa prastuta kiye jAte haiM, to vidvajjana usako parIkSA kara samucita mata grahaNa kara sakate haiN| __ prastuta pramANoM se "kuNDalagiri koI nirvANa kSetra hai" yaha siddha ho gayA / prazna aba yaha hai ki vaha sthAna kahA~ hai ? kuNDalagiri maGgalASTaka meM AtA hai / vaha manuSya loka ke bAhara kuNDalagiri dvIpa meM hai| vaha to nirvANa bhUmi nahIM ho sakatA / anya cAra sthAnoM ke viSaya meM mere sahayogI paM0 phUlacaMdra jI ne pichale lekha meM vicAra kiyA hI hai / inameM damoha jile kA kuMDalapura hI yahAM abhISTa hai / yaha sthAna zrI zrodhara svAmI kI nirvANa bhUmi hai, aisA merA varSoM se mata calA A rahA hai / rAjagRha ko paMca pahAr3iyoM meM kuNDalagiri hone kI AzaMkA ukta pramANoM meM nirasta ho jAtI hai /

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378 50 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa ise atizaya kSetra kahA jAtA hai| eka atyAcArI mugala zAsaka ne mUrtikhaNDana karane kA yahAM prayAsa kiyA thaa| para usake sevakoM para tatkAla madhumakkhiyoM kA aisA AkramaNa huA ki ve saba bhAga khar3e hue / isa atizaya ke kAraNa yaha atizaya kSetra mAnA jAtA hai / nirvANa-bhUmi abhI taka nahIM mAnA jAtA thA / yahA~ prazna hai ki mugala kAla meM yaha atizaya kSetra mAnA jAe, para kSetra to usase bahata parva kA hai| yaha chaThavIM zatAbdI kI kalA kA pratIka hai / vahA~ jainetara mandira bhI, jise brahma mandira kahate hai, chaThI zatAbdI se hai aisA kahA jAtA hai / taba chaThI zatAbdI se mugala kAla taka 1000 varSa taka yaha kauna-sA kSetra thA? yaha kuNDalAkAra pavaMta aisA sthAna nahIM hai jahA~ kisI rAjA kA kilA yA gar3hI hai jisase yaha mAnA jAe ki usane mandira aura mUrti banavAI hogo| koI prAcIna vizAla nagara bhI vahA~ nahIM hai ki kinhIM seThoM ne yA samAja ne mandira nirmANa karAyA ho / taba aisI kauna-sI bAta hai jisake kAraNa yahA~ itanA vizAla mandira aura mUrti banAI gaI / tarka se yaha siddha hai ki yaha siddha-bhUmi ho thI jisake kAraNa isa nirjana jaMgala meM kisI ne yaha mandira banAyA tathA anya 57 jinAlaya bho samaya-samaya para yahA~ banAye gaye haiN| ye jinAlaya vi0 saM0 1100 se 1900 taka ke pAye jAte hai| sana saMvata lekha rahita bhI bIsoM khaMDita jinabimba vahA~ sthita hai| vahA~ 1757 kA jo zilAlekha hai, vaha mandira ke nirmANa kA nahIM balki jIrNoddhAra kA hai| lekha saMskRta bhASA meM hai jisameM yaha ullekha hai ki zrI kundakundAcArya ke anvaya meM yazaHkIrti nAmA munIzvara hue| unake ziSya zrI lalitakoti tadanaMtara dharmakIrti pazcAt padmakIti pazcAt surendrakIti hue| unake ziSya sucandragaNa hue jinhoMne isa sthAna ko jIrNa-zIrNa dekhakara bhikSAvRtti se ekatrita dhana se isakA jorNoddhAra karAyA / acAnaka unakA dehAvasAna ho gayA, taba unake ziSya bra0 nemisAgara ne vi0 saM0 1757 mAgha sudI 15 somavAra ko saba chatoM kA kAma pUrA kiyaa| aisI kiMvadantI calI A rahI hai ki candrakIrti (sucandragaNa) nAmaka koI bhaTTAraka bhramaNa karate-karate yahA~ Aye, unakA darzana karake hI bhojana kA niyama thA, kintu koI mandira pAsa na hone se ve nirAhAra rhe| taba manuSya ke chadmaveza meM kisI devatA ne unheM kRNDalagiri para le jAkara sthAna kA nirdeza kiyaa| ve vahA~ para gaye aura usa vizAlakAya pratimA kA darzana kiyA tathA unhoMne hI isa mandira kA jIrNoddhAra kraayaa| kiMvadantI zilAlekha ke lekha se mela khAtI hai, ataH satya hai| yaha jIrNoddhAra prasiddha bandelakhaNDa kesarI mahArAja chatrasAla ke rAjyakAla meM huaa| kahate haiM apane ApattikAla meM mahArAja chatrasAla isa sthAna meM kucha dina pracchanna rahe haiM aura punaH rAja-pATa prApta karane para unakI tarapha se hI tAlAba sIr3hiyAM Adi kA nirmANa bhakti-vaza karAyA gayA hai / ____ ina saba pramANoM ke hote hue bhI loga saMdeha karate the ki vastutaH yahI sthAna zrIdhara kevalI kI nirvANa bhUmi hai, isakA koI likhita pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai| san 67 meM, maiM vIra nirvANa mahotsava para kuNDalagiri gayA thaa| vahA~ bar3e mandira ke cauka meM eka prAcIna chataro bano hai aura usake madhya 6 inca lambe caraNa-yugala haiN| anekoM bAra darzana kiye ina caraNoM ke / ye bhaTTArakoM ke caraNa cinha hoMge, aisA mAnate rahe / socA, caraNa cinha to siddha-bhUmi meM sthApita hone kA niyama hai, yaha to atizaya kSetra hai, siddhabhUmi nahIM hai, ataH yahA~ caraNoM pAyA jAnA yaha batAtA hai ki kinhoM 'bhaTTArakoM' ne apane yA apane guru ke caraNa sthApita kiye hoMge / kabhI vizeSa dhyAna nahIM diyA para isa bAra hamAre Azcarya kA ThikAnA na rahA jaba pujArI ne hameM batAyA ki caraNoM ke nIce kI paTTI para kucha lekha hai| hamane tatkAla use le jAkara jamIna meM sira rakhakara use bArIkI se par3A to ghise akSaroM meM kucha spaSTa par3hane meM nahIM AyA, taba jala se svaccha kara kapar3e se prakSAlana kara use par3hA to una caraNoM ke pASANa se sAmane kI paTTI para likhA hai : "kuNDalagirau zrI zrIdhara svAmI" isa lekha ko par3ha apanI varSoM kI dhAraNA saphala pramANita ho gii| isa pramANa kI samupalabdhi meM koI sandeha nahIM raha gyaa| yaha sUrya kI taraha sapramANa siddha hai ki ye caraNa zrI zrIdhara svAmI ke haiM aura yaha kSetra zrI kuNDalagiri hai /

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zrIdhara svAmI kI nirvANa-bhUmi : kuNDalapura 379 __ saMbhavataH kuMDalagiri ke nAma ke kAraNa nIce base choTe se grAma kA nAma kuMDalapura par3A hogaa| isake pUrva isa grAma ko 'mandira TIlA' nAma se kahate the / zilAlekha meM ise isI nAma se ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| saMbhavataHbra nemisAgara jI kA dhyAna bhI caraNoM ke usa choTe lekha para nahIM gayA, jaise ki pacAsoM barasoM se unake darzana karane vAle hajAroM vyaktiyoM kA nahIM gyaa| yaha lekha isake bAda kSetra ke adhyakSa zrI rAjArAma jI bajAja, siMghaI bAbUlAla jI kaTanI tathA vahA~ ke eka mandira nirmANakartA U~cA ke siMghaI tathA anya kaI logoM ne par3hA hai| cauka meM chatarI prArambha se hI hai, navIna nahIM hai| usase cauka meM sthAna kI kamo A jAtI hai para prAcIna hone se abhI taka surakSita calI AI hai / yaha bhI isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki yaha zrIdhara kevalI kA mukti sthAna hI hai| chatarI binA prayojana nahIM banAI jaatii| 1501 ke saMvata kI eka jIrNa pratimA meM usa sthAna kA nAma niSadhikA (nasiyA~) bhI likhA hai / kaTanI ke sa0 siM0 dhanyakumAra jo ne zrIdhara kevalI ke navInacaraNa bhI padharAe haiM / ina pramANoM ke prakAza meM yaha bilkula spaSTa hai ki 'kunDalagiri' (damoha, ma0 pra0) hI zrIdhara kevalI kI nirvANa bhUmi hai| adhyAtma kA kSetra vaijJAnika kSetra hai| isa yAtrApatha ke pathika ko vaijJAnika honA aura bananA hI par3atA hai| aisA nahIM hotA ki AcArya vaijJAnika bana jAya, satya kI khoja kare aura usake anuyAyI usa khoje hue satya kA upabhoga kreN| pratyeka sAdhaka ko vaijJAnika bananA hotA hai, parIkSaNa karanA hotA hai aura satya ko Dhar3ha nikAlanA hotA hai -mahAprajJa

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digambara jaina paravAra samAja, jabalapura : saMskAradhAnI ke liye avadAna siMghaI nemicandra jaina jabalapura rASTrasaMta vinovA bhAve ne jabalapura ko 'saMskAradhAnI' kahA thaa| isake dhArmika, laukika-sAMskRtika evaM rAjanItika pariveza kI pragati meM sthAnIya digambara jaina paravAra samAja kA apanA viziSTa evaM aitihAsika yogadAna hai| yaha samAja prArambha se hI jabalapura ke sukha-duHkha kA sAthI rahA hai| isakI pratyeka yAtrA meM isa samAja ke vyakti sadaiva sakriya rahe haiN| bhAratIya svAtantrya yuga meM isa samAja ne sadaiva kandhe-se-kandhA milAkara agraNI kArya kiyaa| isa samAja dvArA jabalapura nagara ke utthAna meM apane viziSTa zrama, dhana aura lagana se dhArmika mandiroM ke atirikta aspatAla, dharmazAlA, vidyAlaya evaM pAThazAlAyeM, kUpa-bAvar3I aura aneka sArvajanika koTi kI suvidhAyeM upalabdha karAI haiM aura apanI dhArmika sAmAjikatA ko pratiSThita rUpa se akSuNNa rakhA hai| ina gauravapUrNa sevAoM kA kucha vivaraNa yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai: (a) vividha jaina mandira : vaise to jabalapura meM jaina mandira aneka hai, para hanumAnatAla, javAharagaMja, rAiTa TAuna evaM mar3hiyA jI ke mandira vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| 1886 meM nirmita hanumAnatAla ke dumaMjile kilenunA mandira meM 22 vediyA hai jisameM eka vedI meM kAMca ko AkarSaka paccIkArI hai| yaha kA~ca mandira siMghaI bholAnAtha jI ne banavAyA thaa| isa mandira ke adhIna eka dharmazAlA, kuMA, vyAyAmazAlA bhI hai| isI mandira kA eka vizAla bhavana phuhAre para hai jisase nagara-prasiddha mahAvIra pustakAlaya, jaina klaba aura kucha dUkAneM bhI hai| ye mandira ko svAvalambI banAtI hai| isa mandira meM prAtaH-sAyaM zAstrasabhA evaM rAtrikAlIna pAThazAlA kI bhI vyavasthA hai| bar3e phohAre evaM tripurogeTa ke madhya sthita do maMjilA javAharagaMja jaina mandira apanI suSamA ke liye vikhyAta hai| isameM 10 vediyA~ haiN| yahA~ bhI zAstra-sabhA evaM rAtri pAThazAlA calatI hai| eka-sau pacAsa varSa purAne isa mandira meM pratidina pAMca sau puruSa-mahilAyeM pUjana karate haiM tathA prAtaH 5 baje se rAtri 11 baje taka koI 3000 bhakta darzana karane Ate haiN| isa mandira ke sAtha aba eka cAra maMjilI Adhunika dharmazAlA bhI bana gaI hai| mandira kI ora se eka vyAyAmazAlA ko vyavasthA bho ko jA cukI hai| rAiTaTAuna, gola bAjAra kA AdinAtha jaina mandira apanI kendrIya sthiti ke lie prasiddha hai| sa0 siM0 dhAlacanda nArAyaNadAsa jI ne isa mandira ke sAtha eka hAIskUla, jaina mahAvidyAlaya evaM jaina chAtrAvAsa banAyA hai| kucha samaya pUrva yahA~ eka sabhAkakSa-satyArtha bhavana bhI banAyA gayA hai| inhIM siMghaI jI ne javAharagaMja jaina mandira meM eka saMgamaramarI sundara vedI kA nirmANa karAyA hai| inake ho dvArA nirmApita dharmazAlA ke eka khaNDa meM pichale sATha varSoM se zrImatI kAzIbAI jaina auSadhAlaya kA saJcAlana bhI ho rahA hai| isameM pratidina prAyaH do sau rogI Ate hai| paravAra samAja kI eka nidhana vRddhA ke dvArA hI Aja se lagabhaga 1085 varSa pUrva gar3hA ke pAsa kI pahAr3I para mandira kA nirmANa karAyA gayA thaa| ise pisanahArI kI mar3hiyA kahate haiN| vartamAna meM yaha samasta jaina samAja kA saMgamasthala, tIrthasthala, munisthala evaM vidyA-sthala bana gayI hai| isa mar3hiyA ke pIche pravezadvAra ke bAyeM tarapha sa0 siM0 benI prasAda jo dharmacandra jI ne 1958 meM mahAvIra svAmI kA mandira banavAyA thaa| vahIM phira chikaur3I lAlajI, bhAgacandrajI

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5] digambara jaina paravAra samAja, jabalapura saMskAradhAnI ke liye avadAna 381 va khAdIvAle khUbacandrajI ke sahayoga se caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI laghu mandariyA~ banavAI giiN| pahAr3a ke nIce cau0 ganapata lAla surakhIcanda dvArA eka vizAla kakSa vAlA mandira banavAyA gayA aura phira usI ke sAmane zrImatI lakSmIbAI jaina ne saMgamaramarI mAna-stambha kI racanA karAI / zrI dhanapatalAla mUlacandra pratiSThAna ne mar3hiyA jI ke dakSiNa - praveza dvAra ke pahAr3a para AdinAtha mandira banavAyA / isakI paJcakalyANaka pratiSThA 1958 meM huI thI / inhoMne eka dharmazAlA bhI banavAI aura Aja nandIzvara dvIpa ke nirmANa meM bhI eka lAkha rupaye dAna dekara apanI dhArmika paramparA jAgRta rakhI hai / uparokta cAra mandiroM ke atirikta (i) milaunIgaMja kA sva0 vaMzIdharajI Dyor3hiyA dvArA nirmita jaina mandira, (ii) hanumAnatAla kA nanheM mandira, (iii) hajArIlAla rUpacandra jyodiyA dvArA nirmita mandira, (iv) bhaiyAlAla nemacandra caudharI dvArA nirmita mandira, (v) kSamAghara paramAnanda evaM garIbadAsa gulajhArIlAla dvArA nirmita purAnI bajAjI kA mandira tathA (vi) di0 jaina mandira bher3AghATa ke mandira bhI isa samAja ne nirmita evaM jIrNoddhArita kie haiM / mandiroM ke vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki jaina mandira kevala pUjA yA dhArmika sthalamAtra nahIM hote, ve zikSA, saMskRti evaM sAmAjikatA ke jIvanta saMcAraka hote haiM / (ba) zikSA saMsthAna : jaina mandiroM meM mukhyataH dhArmika zikSA kI vyavasthA rahatI hai, para hamAre samAja ne Adhunika yuga ke anurUpa zikSaNa kI vyavasthA kI upekSA nahIM ko / sa0 si0 bholAnAtha rAmacandra jI ne saMskAradhAnI ko tIna aise bhavana upalabdha karAye jinase jabalapura kA zikSA jagat upakRta huA hai| inameM eka (i) kastUracandra jaina hitakAriNI sabhA hAIskUla, (ii) dUsarA bholAnAtha ratanacanda laoN kAleja aura tIsarA (iii) si0 sonAbAI chAtrAvAsa ke rUpa meM upayoga meM A rahA hai / Aja hitakAriNI sabhA 15 vidyAlaya calA rahI hai jisameM lagabhaga dasa hajAra chAtra zikSA le rahe haiM / isa hetu siMghaI dhanapatalAla mUlacandra ne putrIzAlA ko de diyA thaa| ise eka hamArA samAja bAlikAoM kI zikSA ke prati bhI saceSTa rahA hai / javAharagaMja meM eka tIna maMjilA vizAla bhavana banavAkara prAyaH cAlIsa varSa pUrva TrasTa Aja bhI calA rahA hai / isameM prAya0 500 chAtrAyeM adhyayanarata haiM / golabAjAra ke jaina mandira se sambandhita hAIskUla evaM DI0 ena0 jaina mahAvidyAlaya kI carcA Upara kI jA cukI hai / bAlakoM ko saMskRta evaM suzikSita banAne ke liye hamArA samAja mar3hiyAjI ke hI eka bahuta bar3e maidAna meM gaNeza prasAda varNI gurukula kA saJcAlana karatA hai / Ajakala vahA~ 27 chAtra adhyayana karate haiN| isI kSetra meM varNI bratI Azrama bhI hai / yahIM A0 vidyAsAgarajI kI anukampA se brAhmovidyA Azrama kI sthApanA kI gayI hai jahA~ prAyaH chayAlIsa brahmacAriNiyA~ evaM aneka brahmacArI adhyayana kara rahe haiM / isI kSetra meM A0 vidyAsAgara zodha saMsthAna bhI sthApita hai jisake nidezaka jaina gaNita ke prasiddha vidvAn ela0 sI0 jaina haiM / (sa) cikitsIya suvidhAyeM : sa0 [saM0 garIbadAsa gulajArIlAla ke suputra rAyabahAdura munnAlAla rAmacandra ne abalapura sTezana ke pAsa eka bahuta bar3A baMgalA aura plATa, mahilAoM ke aspatAla ke liye, sarakAra ko kharIdakara diyA thA / yahIM para Aja ema0 Ara0 elgina aspatAla banA huA hai / yaha nagara kA pramukha mahilA cikitsAlaya hai / ba0 cau0 gulAbacandra kapUracandra ne nagara kotavAlI ke samakSa eka aspatAla tayAra karAkara zAsana ko dAna diyA thaa| unhoMne nagara ke vikToriyA aspatAla ke do vArDoM ke bIca eka loha -setu bhI banavAyA / inhoMne hI hitakAriNI sabhA ke maidAna meM vijJAna bhavana banAkara sabhA ko samarpita kiyA / zrI dhanapatalAla mUlacandra ne pisanahArI kI mar3hiyA ke nIce sar3aka ke kinAre eka dharmazAlA banavAI | anya dAnavIroM ne bhI aspatAla dharmazAlAyeM banavAI haiM / inameM meDikala kAleja ke aspatAla meM cikitsA karAne vAle loga evaM unake parivArajana surakSApUrvaka rahakara rogiyoM kI cikitsA karAte haiM / 48

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382 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa (da) sAhityika evaM rAjanItika yogadAna : isa samAja ke aneka sAhityakAroM tathA rAjanItijJoM ne nagara ko gauravAnvita kiyA hai| sva0 rUpavatI kiraNa, sva0 sundaradevI isI samAja kI sAhityika vibhUtiyA~ rahI haiN| vartamAna meM sureza sarala, nirmala AjAda, zrImatI vimalA caudharI, hukumacandra anila Adi isa nagara ko sthAna-sthAna para pratiSThita kara rahe haiN| kaviyoM ke sAtha, vidvAnoM ko bhI yahA~ kamI nahIM hai| bAbU phUlacandrajI, paM0 rAmacandrajI, paM0 jJAnacandra zAstrI, paM0 rAjendrakumAra jI, paM0 viradhIcandrajI Adi kI jJAnagagA se zrAvaka pratidina AplAvita hote haiM / zaikSika kSetra meM zrI suzIlakumAra divAkara, ela0 sI0 jaina, gulAbacandra darzanAcArya, ke0 sI0 jaina Adi ke nAma vizruta haiM / patrakAritA ke kSetra meM bar3akura evaM nArada-bandhuoM ke nAma ullekhya haiM / rAjanItika kSetra meM zrI nirmalacandrajI eDovakeTa bhU0 pU0 sAMsada, mulAyamacandrajI, haMsamukhajI va azoka bar3akura ke nAma to sukhyAta hI haiM / ina sabhI vyaktiyoM ne apane apane kSetroM meM mahanIya yogadAna dekara hamAre samAja evaM nagara kA gaurava bar3hAyA hai| hameM apane samAja para vizvAsa hai ki bhata evaM vartamAna ke samAna vaha bhaviSya meM bhI saMskAradhAnI ko uccataH saMskRta karane meM apanA yogadAna karatA rhegaa| hamArA zarIra sAdhanasampanna prayogazAlA hai| prayoga ke sAdhana aura upakaraNa bhI hamAre pAsa hai / caitanya ke sAre prayoga hamArI khoja ke sUkSmatama udAharaNa haiN| Aja prayogazAlAoM meM jitane bhI sUkSma taraMga, sUkSma UrjA yA ucca AkRtivAle upakaraNa hai, usase bhI sakSmatama upakaraNa hamAre zarIra meM prApta haiN| ve svataH saJcAlita haiN| unako kAma meM na lene ke kAraNa ve niSkriya ho gaye haiN| hama unakI jaMga haTAne kA, vibhinna dhyAna vidhAoM ke abhyAsa se, prayAsa kara raheM haiN| -kisane kahA, mana caMcala hai /

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zahaDola jile kI prAcIna jaina kalA aura sthApatya' DA0 rAjendra kumAra baMsala safir prabandhaka, amalAI pepara milsa, amalAI, zahaDola zahaDola jile kI bhaugolika evaM prAkRtika sthiti tathA mahatva' zahaDola jilA rIvA saMbhAga (madhya pradeza) kA eka pramukha aitihAsika evaM udyoga pradhAna jilA hai / isake pUrva meM suragujA, pazcima meM jabalapura, uttara meM satanA evaM sIdhI tathA dakSiNa meM maNDalA evaM bilAsapura jile haiM / isa jile kA adhikAMza bhAga vana, pahAr3a, kaMdarA, guphA, nadI, nAle, ghATI, jala-prapAta evaM prAcIna TIloM se AcchAdita hai / prakRti ne varadahasta se ise prAkRtika saundarya ke upahAra pradAna kiye hai| Adhunika yuga kA kAlA sonA arthAt koyalA jile ke bhUgarbha meM vizAla mAtrA meM bharA par3A koyale ke alAvA yahA~ agnirakSaka mRttikA, bAksAiTa, gAraneTa, jipsama, kaccA lohA, cUnA patthara, tA~bA evaM abhraka Adi khanija sampadA vipula mAtrA meM upalabdha haiM / audyogika mahatva ke atirikta isa jile kA dhArmika evaM aitihAsika mahatva bhI hai / hai| puNya salilA narmadA, sona evaM juhilA ke udgama sthala kA saubhAgya isI jile meM mekala kI parvata zreNiyoM ko prApta hai / amarakaMTaka kA ullekha matsya purANa ke 186 evaM 188 veM adhyAya meM huA hai / mahAkavi kAlIdAsa ne bhI meghadUta meM AmrakUTa ke nAma se amarakaMTaka kA ullekha kiyA hai / isI kAraNa amarakaMTaka paurANika kAla se mAnava kI udAtta evaM dhArmika bhAvanAoM kA preraNAsthala banA huA hai / prAkRtika vaibhava to jile ko udAratApUrvaka milA hI hai, aitihAsika, sAMskRtika evaM kalAtmaka vaibhava kI dRSTi se bhI yaha jilA atyanta samRddha evaM sampanna rahA hai / aitihAsika dRSTi se isa jile ke purAtatvIya vaibhava evaM prAcInatA kI jar3eM prAgaitihAsika kAla kI paratoM kI gaharAI meM chipI hai / isa jile ko pASANakAlIna mAnava ke AzrayadAtA hone kA saubhAgya prApta huA hai| jile ke gajavAhI grAma ke samIpa " likhanAmAr3A" nAmaka sthala hai / yahA~ eka DogarI meM hAla kI chApeM hai jo geruA raMga kI hai jise sthAnIya lokadevatA ke rUpa meM pUjate haiM / vastutaH ye chApeM hAla kI sAmAnya chApeM na hokara doharo jyAmitika rekhAoM se ghire kaI caturbhuja yA cakayantra haiM jo zrI devakumAra mizra dvArA pASANa kAlo citrita zailAzraya nirUpita kiye gaye haiM / aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi vaidika sabhyatA ke Adi grantha Rgveda meM narmadA nadI evaM vindhyAcala kA nAmollekha nahIM hai / amarakaMTaka purANa kAla meM prasiddha huA / nanda-maurya kAla ke pazcAt vindhyakSetra sAtavAhana rAjAoM ke antargata rahA / bAMdhavagar3ha ke nikaTavartI sthAnoM meM kuSANakAlIna tAmra mudrAyeM evaM candragupta dvitIya kI svarNa mudrAyeM miliiN| isameM yaha jJAta hotA hai ki isa kSetra meM inakA rAjya rahA hogA / IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdi ke madhya meM vAmarAja ne DAhala maMDala meM kalacurI sAmrAjya kI nIMva ddaalii| bAda meM isakI rAjadhAnI tripurI banI / yaha rAjavaMza tripurI ke cedI yA kalacurI ke nAma se itihAsa meM prasiddha huA / isI rAjavaMza ke adhIna zahaDola jilA IsA kI 12 vIM zatAbdi taka rhaa| isa rAjavaMza ke patana ke sAtha 13 vIM zatAbdI se jile

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384 50 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa meM rAjanaitika asthiratA kA tANDava prArambha huA jo san 1868 taka claa| bAda meM briTiza zAsakoM dvArA 1857 ke gadara meM briTiza sAmrAjya ke prati vaphAdArI ke puraskAra svarUpa ise rIvA rAjya meM vilIna kara diyA gyaa| bipurI ke kalacurI zAsaka aura unakI kalA ___kalA evaM sthApatya ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se zahaDola kA kalacurI kAla hI vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai / kalacurI zAsaka sAhitya, kalA evaM dharmapremI the| unhoMne rAjakoSa se aneka kalAtmaka zaiva mandiroM kA nirmANa kiyaa| unake kAla meM kalA evaM kalAkAroM ko rAjya kA saMrakSaNa prApta thaa| amarakaMTaka kA svarNa mandira 11 vIM sadI meM rAjA karNa dvArA banavAyA gyaa| isI prakAra bheDAghATa kA baidyanAtha mandira rAjA narasiMhadeva dvArA ni kAla meM jaina, vaiSNava evaM zaiva mandiroM evaM matiyoM kA nirmANa bhI rAjakIya saMrakSaNa meM haa| bher3AghATa, kArItalAI, bilaharI, tripurI, panAgara, nohaTA, rIThI, sohAgapura, siMhapura, amarakaMTaka, maUbelA, baijanAtha, mar3aI evaM rIvA ke nikaTa ciMdreha, gurgI, maMhasAMva Adi aise sthAna hai jahA~ kalacurI kalA kA unmukta vikAsa huaa| ina sthAnoM se prApta mUrtiyA~ kalacurI kalA ke pratIkAtmaka utkRSTa namUne kahe jA sakate haiN| kalacurI kAlIna jaina sthApatya kalA . yaha eka rocaka tathya hai ki yadyapi kalacurI zAsaka gaNa zaiva matAvalambI the, parantu unakI yaha zaiva zraddhA jainadharma ke vikAsa meM bAdhA nahIM bnii| kalacurI kAlIna abhilekhoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki usa kAla meM jaina mandira nirmita haye the| tIrthakaroM evaM unake zAsana devI-devatAoM ke sthApatya avazeSoM se jJAta hotA hai ki usa kAla meM jainadharma ko rAjakIya evaM vyaktigata, donoM hI saMrakSaNa prApta the| unakI prajA kA eka prabhAvazAlI varga jaina dharmAvalambI thaa| isa kAla meM zahaDola jile ke sohAgapura yA usake Asa-pAsa jaina mandira vidyamAna the| purAtatvIya evaM sAhityika sAkSyoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki kalacurI narezoM ke kAla meM jainadharma atisamRddha avasthA meM thaa| __ jaina dharmAvalambiyoM dvArA isa kAla meM aneka bhavya jaina mandira, dharmazAlAeM, stUpa, smAraka evaM sAdhuoM ke liye guphAe~ Adi nirmita kii| zahaDola jile ke sohAgapura, siMhapura, anupapura, pipariyA, arA (kotamA), siMhavAr3A, arjulI, maUgrAma, birasiMhapura pAlI, umariyA, sItApura, barabasapura, patharahaTA, ciTolA, vikramapura, aMtariyA, jhagarahA, badhavAparA, cuA, pAvagA~va, lakhabariyA, silaharA, Adi sthAnoM meM jaina sthApatya evaM mUrtikalA ke avazeSa rUpa meM tIrthaMkaroM evaM unake zAsana devI-devatA (yatha-yakSiyoM) kI mUrtiyAM vipula mAtrA meM upalabdha huI haiN| sohAgapura kI gar3hI meM yA usake Asa-pAsa jaina mandira vidyamAna the| isa tathya kI puSTi sohAgapura ke ThAkura ke mahala meM saMgrahIta aneka jaina matiyoM se hotI hai| isameM zAsana devI-devatAoM mUrtiyA~ bhI sammilita hai| isa mahala ke nirmANa meM adhikAMza rUpa se jaina mandiroM ke alaMkRta avazeSoM kA upayoga kiyaa|" rIvA rAjya gajeTiyara ke anusAra pAlI ke eka hindU mandira (birAsanI devI) meM aneka prAcIna jaina pratimAe~ thiiN| zahaDola nagara ke pAMDava nagara, rAjAbAga, sohAgapura-gar3hI, jilAdhyakSa kAryAlaya, kotavAlI. zaktipITha evaM durgA mandira, zAhaMzAha Azrama, bANa gaMgA evaM virATa mandira meM jainakalA ke avazeSa evaM khaNDita mUrtiyA~ abhI-bhI vidyamAna hai| prArambha meM jaina sAdhu adhikatara vanoM-kandarAoM meM rahate the aura bhramaNazIla hote the| kalacurI kAla meM isa kSetra meM zramaNa sAdhuoM kA unmukta vihAra hotA thA aura ve nirbhaya hokara nagaroM se dUra ekAnta vanoM meM AtmasAdhanA karate the| kSetra nirIkSaNa ke madhya mujhe kanAr3I grAma meM eka jaina guphA milii| isake atirikta, jile meM lakhabariyA evaM silaharA (bhAlUmAr3A) meM bhI guphAe~ haiM / yahA~ jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ evaM kalAvazeSa hai| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki ye guphAe~ bhI jaina sAdhuoM ke Azrama sthala hetu nirmita kI gayI hogii|

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zahaDola jile kI prAcIna jaina kalA aura sthApatya 385 hA purAtattvIya sarvekSaNa ke Aloka meM jaina kalA suprasiddha purAtattvavida zrI baigalara ne san 1873 meM zahaDola jile kA purAtattvIya sarvekSaNa kiyA thaa| unake prativedana ke anusAra sohAgapura ke mahala evaM isake nikaTavartI kSetroM meM jaina mandiroM ke avazeSa, tIrthakara matiyA~ evaM zAsana devI-devatAoM kI anekoM pratimA bikharI thiiN| unake anusAra sohAgapura prakSetra 10-11 vIM zatAbdi meM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kA vizAla kendra rahA hogA / jaina kalA se sambandhita unake prativedana avalokanIya hai| (1) sohAgapura kA mahala (gar3hI) sohAgapura ke mahala meM jaina tIrthaMkara evaM jaina devI-devatAoM kI anekoM mUrtiyA~ vidyamAna thiiN| ye mUrtiyA~ dIvAloM meM lagI thiiN| mahala ke praveza dvAra ke bAhara bhI aneka jaina mUrtiyAM thiiN| mahala ke prAMgaNa kI dIvAla para 12 hAthoM vAlI devI kI mUrti thI jisake Upara eka jaina nagna mUrti baiThI thii| pratimA ke nIce cir3iyA kA cihna thA / mastaka para eka vizAla nAga apanA phana phailAye thaa| mUrti kA lekha apaThanIya thaa| yaha mUrti bhAgavAn pAzvanAtha evaM unakI zAsanadevI padmAvatI kI hai| isa mUrti ke nikaTa eka bahuta bhavya jana siMhAsana (peDesTala) evaM anya jaina mUrtiyAM thiiN| vartamAna meM, isa mahala meM cAra tIrthaMkaroM ke adhiSThAna zeSa hai, jinakA paMjIyana hA (2) 11vIM sadI ke virATezvara mandira ko nirmANa zailI lAla, pIle evaM gahare katthaI raMga ke baluA pattharoM se nirmita yaha mandira sohAgapura gar3hI se lagabhaga eka kilomoTara dUra sthita hai / baiMgalara ne isa mandira ko khajurAhoM ke samakAlIna 11vIM sado kI nirUpita kiyA hai| isakI vizAla zikhara patthara kSaraNa ke kAraNa pIche kI ora jhukatI jA rahI hai / isakI surakSA hetu tatkAla samucita upAya apekSita hai| sthApatya kalA evaM zailI kI dRSTi se baigalara ne isa mandira ko khajurAho ke javArI mandira ke anurUpa nirUpita kiyaa| isakA vizAla zikhara khajurAho ke jaina mandiroM kI zailI evaM sthApatya kalA ke anurUpa hai| baiMgalara isa mandira kI bhavyatA, kalAtmakatA aura zailI se bahuta prabhAvita huA aura usane isa mandira ke vistRta adhyayana kA sujhAva diyA / isa mandira ke mahAmaMDapa meM do jaina tIrthaMkara kI pratimAeM bhI saMgrahIta haiM / (3) 10vIM sadI ke do jaina mandira vidyamAna virATa mandira ke pUrvIkhaNDa ke vistRta maidAna meM baMgalara ne mandiroM ke bhagnAvazeSoM evaM khaNDaharoM ko dekhaa| navIna sohAgapura nagara ke nirmANa meM ina avazeSoM kA upayAga khadAna ke rUpa meM kiyA gyaa| baigalara ne ATha mandiroM ke samUha ko. dekhA jinameM do mandira nizcita ho jaina the| jaina mandira ke nikaTa eka mUrti rakhI thI jisa para 'zrIcandra' aMkita thaa| isa AkRti para hiraNa kA cihna thaa| eka anya mUrti ke pAdamUla para kucha zabda aMkita the jo dhAradAra zastroM ke kharoMca diye gaye the| baiMgalara ke anusAra yaha jaina mandira dasavIM sadI ke AsapAsa kA hogaa| ina ATha mandiroM meM do vaiSNava, do zaiva ke the| do mandiroM ko pahicAnA nahIM jA sakA thaa| uttara khaNDa meM eka vizAla mandira kA smAraka thA jisake cAroM ora AraMga evaM bher3AghATa ke causaTha yoginI mandiroM jaisI choTo-choTI koThariyAM thIM, mandira the jisake donoM ora do bAvalI thii| lagatA hai ki yaha tapastriyoM kA upAsanA-gRha yA yAtriyoM kA Azrama sthala rahA hogaa| (4) prAcIna jaina bhagnAvazeSaH jaina mUti evaM stUpa smAraka uttara kI ora bhagna mandiroM ke do samUha the| ina samUhoM ke madhya eka ekAMkI TIlA thA jisase samopa jaina mUrtiyAM thiiN| eka mUrti ke pIche kucha aMkita thaa| isake dakSiNa-pUrva meM vizAla mandiroM kA samUha thA jisameM aneka

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[ khaNDa 386 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha bhujAoM vAlI eka devI kI mUrti thii| isake mastaka para eka baiThI huyI mUrti thI jo kisI jaina tIrthaMkara kI thii| yaha ekAMkI TIlA kisI jaisa mandira kA khaNDahara rahA hogA / baiMgalara ne bAvalI ke kinAre eja arddhajaina stUpa, khaNDita mUrtiyoM sahita dekhA / isake alAvA anya aneka jaina mUrtiyoM ke avazeSa bAvalI ke kinAre vidyamAna the / usa samaya baiMgalara ne yahA~ 21 smAraka dekhe / eka smAraka meM jaina zilpa kalA se utkRSTa namUne lage the ora kucha jaina mUrtiyA~ bikharI par3I thIM / vyaktigata nirIkSaNa nagara meM navanirmita tIrthaMkara mahAvIra saMgrahAlaya hetu mUrtiyoM ke saMgraha ke liye lekhaka dvArA varSaM 1978 meM siMhapura, maU (vyauhArI), kanAr3I, sohAgapura, birasiMhapura, ciTolA, vikramapura, amarakaMTaka Adi sthAnoM kA nirIkSaNa kiyA gayA / ina sthAnoM meM jaina kalA ko dRSTi se siMhapura, kanAr3I evaM maU kA ullekha karanA yathocita hogA / (1) kanAr3I ko jaina guphA kanAr3I grAma zahaDola se lagabhaga 60 kimI0 dUra zahaDola - rIvA mArga para sthita TeTakA grAma se 8 kimI0 dUra jaMgala meM sthita hai / yahA~ kulahariyA nAle ke kinAre baluA patthara ko caTTAna kATakara guphAyeM nirmita kI gayI thIM / caTTAna ko kATakara eka eka AMgana banAyA gayA jisake tIna ora guphAyeM thiiN| inameM se eka guphA vidyamAna hai jisakI chata TUTa cukI hai| yaha guphA bAlU se bharI huI hai / mukhyadvAra ke donoM ora do jaina padmAsana mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa hai / mUrtiyoM ke Upara nAgaphaNa vidyamAna hai jisake mudrAnusAra ye mUrtiyA~ jena tIrthaMkara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ko haiM / yaha guphA jaina zaila guhA kA sundara udAharaNa hai / guphA kI saphAI ko jAne para anya purAtattvIya jAnakArI milane kI sambhAvanA hai / (2) maU grAma ke 10-11 vIM sadI ke bhagnAvazeSa yaha grAma byohArI kasbe se 6 kimo0 dUra bardharA nAle ke kinAre zahaDola - rIvA mArga para sthita hai | grAma se lagabhaga eka kimI dUrI para 15-20 prAcIna ToleM bhagnAvasthA meM vidyamAna haiM jo prAcona gAyA ko apane andara saMjoye haiM / sohAgapura ke samAna maU grAma bhI 10-11 vIM zatAbdi meM mandira nagara kahalAtA hogA / yahA~ para jaina, vaiSNava evaM zaiva mata kI mUrtiyA~ prApta hotI rahI hai| satanA di0 jaina mandira meM bhagavAn zAntinAtha kI kAryotsarga mudrA meM eka vizAla mUrti hai jo maU grAma kI amUlya dharohara hai / pahale grAmavAsI use bhImabAbA kI mUrti ke nAma se pUjate the / maU grAma kI anya manohArI mUrtiyA~ byauhArI ke jaina mandiroM meM sthApita kI gayIM / bhagna mandiroM ke ToloM ke samIpa khetoM kI sataha para lAla mUrtiyA~ evaM mRd khaNDoM ke avazeSa phaile haiM / utkhanana evaM TIloM kI saphAI meM aneka purAvazeSa milane kI sambhAvanA hai / janazruti ke anusAra sAdhuoM kA bar3A saMgha yahA~ ke pASANoM meM samAdhistha ho gayA thA / grAmavAsiyoM ne kucha mUrtiyA~ saMgrahita kI haiN| isameM eka tIrthaMkara phalaka vAlI tathA 65 semI0 ke zIrSa yukta jaina mUrti hai jo 10-11 vA sadI kI hai / prApta sUcanAnusAra maU ke nikaTa 30-40 varSa pUrva saikar3oM jaina ajaina mUrtiyA~ thIM jo dhIre-dhIre lupta hotI gayIM / (3) siMhapura zahaDola se 15 kimI0 dUrI para dakSiNa dizA meM siMhapura grAma hai / IsA kI 10vIM se 13vIM sadI meM siMhapura evaM usake nikaTavartI grAma vibhinna saMskRtiyoM evaM kalA ke kendra rahe / tAlAba ke kinAre eka bhavya mandira jIrNa-zIrNa avasthA meM abhI bhI vidyamAna hai / yaha mandira paMcamar3hI ke nAma se prasiddha hai / isa mandira kA pramukha dvAra atyanta kalAtmaka evaM manohArI hai| usake dvAra kI dharaNI (UparI hissA) meM darAra A jAne ke kAraNa yaha asurakSita ho gayA hai| isa

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zahaDola jile kI prAcIna jaina kalA aura sthApatya 387 mandira ko jarNodvAra ajolI grAma ke prAcIna purAvazeSoM se kiyA gyaa| mandira meM eka gar3hI ke avazeSoM meM jaina tIrthaMkaroM evaM unake zAsana devI-devatAoM ko aneka bhavya evaM kalAtmaka mUrtiyA~ thiiN| kAlAntara meM inameM se adhikAMza ko niSkAsita kara tAlAba para DAla diyA gayA tAki unakA upayoga (durupayoga) kalhAr3I ghisane, kapar3A dhone evaM lar3akoM ko pAnI meM kUdane ke kAma meM ho sake aura ina mUrtiyoM ke sthAna para mandira meM anya devatAoM kI mUrtiyA~ prasthApita kara dI gayI hai| paMcamar3hI mandiroM ko aneka purAtatvavid jaina mandira mAnate haiN| mandira se bhagavAn AdinAtha ke sAtha khaDgAsana evaM padmAsana caubIsI banI huI hai| isa mandira meM aura bhI kaI sthAnoM para zAsana deviyoM ke Upara tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ banI huI haiM / mandira ke pRSTha bhAga meM bhagavAna AdinAtha aura pAzvanAtha kI khaDgAsana pratimAyeM hai / (4) rAjAbAga saMgrahAlaya, sohAgapura sohAgapura ke kuMvara mRgendra siMha kA vartamAna nivAsa "rAjAbAga" kalacurIkAlIna sthApatya evaM mUrtikalA : kA eka samRddha saMgrahAlaya hai / purAtatva kI dRSTi se eka zatAbdi pUrva jo sthiti sohAgapura ke mahala (gar3hI) kI thI, vahI sthiti Aja rAjAbAga kI hai| prApta jAnakArI ke anusAra, rAjAbAga meM jaina kalA kI 13 mUrtiyA~ evaM adhiSThAna hai / inameM tIrthaMkara kI mUrtiyA~, jaina zAsana devI-devatA evaM adhiSThAna sammilita hai / ina mUrtiyoM meM prathama tIrthakara bhagavAna AdinAtha kI mUrti ullekhanIya hai / yaha mUrti sapheda caluA patthara para utkIrNa kI gayI hai / yaha 68 semI0 U~cI hai aura 11-12vIM sadI kI hai / alaMkRta pAdapITha para pradhAna zAsana devo candrezvarI padmAsana mudrA meM hai / vRSabhacinha sahita RSabhadeva padmAsana mudrA meM dhyAnastha hai / unake dhuMgharAle keza uSNobaddha hai jo kandho para laTaka rahe hai| hRdaya para zrIvatsa kA cihna hai aura gale meM trivalaya hai / pRSThabhAga meM aSTadala kamala kI AbhAyukta prabhAmaNDala hai / mUrti ke dAye-bAMye puSpamAla liye vidyAdhara tathA cAmaradhArI indra hai / mastaka ke Upara chatra hai| chatra para duMdubhika evaM zaci devI baiThI hai| mastaka ke dAMye-bAMye do-do tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ padmAsana mudrA meM dhyAnarata hai| yaha mUrti saumya-mudrAyukta, AkarSaka evaM vItarAga bhAva sampanna hai| isa mUrti ke samIpa bha0 zAMtinAtha kA zilApaTTa hai . jisameM bhagavAn zAMtinAtha ko kAryotsagaM mudrA meM darzAyA hai / isa para hiraNa cihna aMkita hai / hRdaya para zrIvatsa kA cihna hai / keza dhuMgharAle evaM uSNIbaddha hai| mUrti AjAnubAhu evaM prabhAvotpAdaka hai / isake dAMye-bAMye yakSa-yakSiNo kI alaMkRta alaMkRta pratimAeM hai| (5) rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya dhubelA meM zahaDola kA purAtatva rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya dhubelA meM jaina tIrthaMkaroM evaM unake zAsana devI devatAoM kI 50 se adhika pratimAeM hai / inameM se kalacurI kAlIna pratimAe~ mUlataH rIvA rAjya ke vibhinna sthAnoM se saMgrahIta kI gayI hai / vyaktigata nirIkSaNa ke anusAra 22 pratimAyeM zahaDola jile se saMgrahIta kI gayI pratIta hotI hai jo lAla balue patthara se nirmita hai / inameM adhikatara RSabhanAtha, nemInAtha, pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkaroM evaM gomedha, ambikA, cakrezvarI evaM brahmA yakSa-yakSiyoM kI pratimAe~ hai jo padmAsana evaM kAryotsarga mudrA meM hai / ina pratimAoM meM bAisaveM tIrthaMka ra nemInAtha kI mUrti ullekhanIya hai jo zahaDola jile kI jaina kalacurI kalA kA saphala pratinidhitva karatI hai| yaha mUrti 114 semI. U~cI hai jisameM tIrthakara nemInAtha ko padmAsana mudrA meM eka ucca pAda poTha para dhyAnastha baiThe huye darzAyA gayA hai| pratimA ke Upara tona paktiyoM meM dhyAna mudrA meM ikkIsa tIrthakara baiThe huye haiM / chatra ke donoM ora do hAthI puSpa vRddhi kara rahe hai jinake donoM ora eka-eka tIrthakara kAryotsarga mudrA meM aMkita hai| pratimA ke alaMkRta pAdapITha para nemInAtha kA lAMchana zekha aMkita hai / pAdapITha ke kinAroM para tIrthakara ke upAsaka gomedha evaM yakSiNI aMvikA kI alaMkRta mUrtiyAM pradarzita hai| yakSI aMbikA kI khar3I mudrA meM alaMkRta AkRti ullekhanIya hai / samagra rUpa se yaha mUrti prabhAvaka, kalAtmaka naisargika saundarya evaM sajIvatA se ota-prota hai|

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khaNDa 388 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha viralA purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, bhopAla meM bhI zahaDola jile ke aMtarA (siMhapura ) nAmaka grAma se lAla baluye patthara se nirmita aMbikA kI mUrti saMgrahota kI gayI hai / isakI U~cAI 105 semI 0 hai / yaha mUrti jaina tIrthaMkara nemInAtha kI upAsikA zAsana devI hai / aMbikA lalitAsana meM dvi-paMktibaddha kamala ke Upara virAjamAna haiM / isake bAMye hAtha meM priyaMkara (kaniSThaputra) usakI godI meM baiThA hai / jyeSTha putra zubhaMkara pAda pITha para khar3A huA hai| zubhaMkara ke bAMye hAtha meM Amra phala hai aura dAyAM hAtha U~cA uThA hai / aMbikA kA dAyA hAtha khaMDita hai / mastaka para mukuTa, kAna meM kuNDala, gale meM kapUrahAra, hAtha meM kar3A, mekhalA evaM U~galo meM a~gUThI Adi AbhUSaNa se yaha mUrti alaMkRta hai / pratimA vastrayukta hai jisakI lahareM pairoM meM kalAtmaka rUpa se darzAyI gayI hai / aMga kA UparI bhAga nirvastra hai / kaMdhoM para uttarIya darzAyA gayA hai / AmraphaloM ke gucche aura AbhAmaMDala donoM ora aMkita haiM / pratimA ke donoM ora hAra liye paricArikA pradarzita hai / ambikA kA vAhana siMha pAdapITha ke bAyIM ora darzAyA gayA hai / pratimA ke Upara madhya meM tIrthaMkara nemInAtha dhyAnastha baiThe haiM jinake donoM ora ur3ate vidyAdhara yugala darzAye gaye hai | devI kI mUrti yadyapi khaMDita hai kintu usakI vRttAkAra mukhAkRti, puSTa vakSa aura kSINa kaTibhAga, AbhAmaya mukhamaMDala eva saumya mudrA Adi se isa pratimA ke kalAtmaka saundarya meM vRddhi huyI hai / yaha pratimA 9-10 sadI kI kalacurI jainakalA kA zreSTha namUnA hai / (6) pArzvanAtha jainamaMdira, zahaDola meM jaina ! purAtatva yaha maMdira zahaDola nagara ke madhya meM sthita hai / maMdira meM alaMkRta tIna toraNa dvAra ke avazeSoM sahita kula bosa kalacurI kAlIna jaina purAvazeSa hai / inameM bhagavAn AdinAtha, pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra kI manojJa mUrtiyA~ hai jo padmAsana dhyAnastha mudrA meM haiM | eka choTI mUrti kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai / ye mUrtiyA~ 9-10 sadI kI haiM jo sohAgapura ke prAcIna jaina maMdiroM ke bhagnAvazeSoM se saMgrahIta kI gayI hai / inameM 122 semI 0 U~co bhagavAn mahAvIra kI akhaMDita mUrti atizaya 'yukta kahI jAtI hai jo mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM pUjanIya hai / bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI saptaphaNoM se yukta 122 semI0 kI kalAtmaka mUrti bhI ullekhanIya hai jo vyAnarata mudrA meM hai / inake keza ghuMgharAle tathA uSNIbaddha hai / hRdaya para zrIvatsa kA cihna hai / yaha indra, zAsana devI-devatA, lAMchana evaM chatra Adi se yukta hai / ye mUrtiyAM darzaka ko sahaja ho moha letI haiM / yahA~ bhagavAn AdinAtha kI 108 tIrthakaroMyukta mUrti ullekhanIya hai / / yahA~ padmAsana mudrA meM jaina dharma ke prathama tIrthaMkara AdinAtha ( RSabhadeva ) dhyAnastha haiM / RSabha cihna ke Upara zAsana devI candrezvarI aMkita haiM / zAsana devI ke Upara puSpa patroM se alakRta pAdapoTha Asana hai aura usake dAyeM-bAyeM vyakti unmukta mudrA meM pradarzita haiM keza ghuMgharAle evaM uSNIbaddha haiM / hRdaya para zrIvatsa kA cihna evaM kaNTha meM trivalaya hai | AdinAtha nAsAgradRSTi kie haiN| pRSThabhAga padma maNDala cakra kI AbhA se zobhita hai| padma maNDala cakra ke Upara chatra hai jisake donoM ora ghaToM ko dhAraNa kie hue gajaratnoM dvArA ghaTAbhiSeka kiyA jA rahA hai / ghaToM evaM gajoM ke nIce cAmaradhAriNI gandharva kanyAyeM utkoNaM haiM / mUrti ke donoM ora saudharma evaM IzAnendra haiM / bhagavAn AdinAtha kI bAyIM ora 18 evaM dAyoM ora 19 torthaMkara padmAsana mudrA meM 6-6 paMktiyoM meM darzAye gaye haiM / pratyeka paMkti meM 3-3 tIrthaMkara haiM / gaja ke bAyoM ora 6 evaM dAyoM ora 7 torthaMkara padmAsana mudrA meM hai / mastaka ke Upara 15 tIrthaMkara kAryotsagaM mudrA meM pradarzita haiM / inake Upara tIna paMktiyoM meM 30 tIrthaMkara padmAsana mudrA meM darzAye gaye haiM / inake donoM ora 3-3 paMktiyoM meM do-do torthaMkara padmAsana mudrA meM suzobhita hai / isa prakAra mUla nAyaka sahita kula 108 tIrthaMkara padmAsana evaM kAryotsarga mudrA meM pradarzita hai| yaha mUrti 9-10 sadI kI, lAla balue patthara para nirmita hai| yaha baghavA grAma ke AsapAsa ke prApta huI hai /

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5) zahaDola jile kI prAcIna jaina kalA aura sthApatya 389 (7) digambara jaina mandira, bur3hAra di0 jaina mandira bur3hAra meM eka alaMkRta toraNa dvAra ke avazeSa sahita dasa prAcIna jaina kalAkRtiyAM haiN| inameM tIna mUrtiyAM sAta phaNoM yukta bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI evaM do anya tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ kAryotsarga mudrA meM hai / eka mUrti meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA lAMchana nAga pIThikA ke rUpa meM kuNDalI mAre baiThA hai / eka dvimUrtikA kalAkRti hai jisameM do AjAnubAhu tIrthakara kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai / inameM eka padmAsana mudrA meM hai evaM do anya choTo mUrtiyA~ haiN| ye mUrtiyA~ lAla balae patthara se nirmita hai jo kahIM kahIM khaNDita hai| ye mUrtiyA~ 9-10 sadI se sambandhita hai, jinheM haroM, karakaTI, siraujA, sItApura, arjulA Adi grAmoM evaM lakhabariyA guphAoM se prApta kara saMgrahIta kiyA gayA hai| nizcita hI, usa kAla meM ina sthAnoM para jaina mandira rahe hoNge| (8) tIrthakara mahAvAra saMgrahAlaya : zahaDola jile ke purAvazeSoM kI surakSA evaM saMrakSaNa hetu do dazAbdiyoM pUrva zahaDola ke tatkAlIna jilAdhyakSa zrI rAmabihArIlAla zrIvAstava kI preraNA evaM sahayoga se siMhapura evaM unake nikaTavartI kSetroM se saikar3oM jaina-ajaina mUrtiyA~ evaM kalAvazeSa ekatrita kara rAjendra klaba, zahaDola ke prAMgaNa meM saMgrahIta kiye gae the| rAjakIya saMrakSaNa evaM surakSA kI vyavasthA ke abhAva meM ye mUrtiyA~ zanaiHzanaiH lupta hotI gayIM / vahA~ aba kucha mahatvahIna avazeSa par3e haiN| antima tIrthaMkara bha0 mahAvIra kA 2500vA nirvANa mahotsava san 1975 meM antarrASTrIya stara para manAyA gyaa| unakI puNya smRti meM jilAdhyakSa zahaDola kI adhyakSatA meM gaThita jilA samiti ne tIrthaMkara mahAvIra saMgrahAlaya evaM udyAna ke nirmANa kA saMkalpa kiyaa| phalasvarUpa nagara ke madhya meM chattIsa hajAra vargaphITa ke bhUbhAga para sArvajanika sahayoga se isakA nirmANa kiyA gayA aura mahAvIra ke tyAga ke mArga ke anurUpa use sarva upayoga hetu jilA purAtatvIya saMgha ko samarpita kara diyA gyaa| isa saMgrahAlaya meM 10vIM-11vIM sadI ke 35 purAvazeSa evaM mUrtiyAM haiN| inameM 59 semI UMcI eka mUrti bhagavAna AdinAtha kI hai jisake donoM ora do-do tIrthaMkara kramazaH padmAsana evaM kAryotsarga mudrA meM aMkita haiM / alaMkRta indra, gaja vidyAdhara Adi pUrvavat hai / mUrti purAtatvIya mahatva kI hai| sandarbha1. zahaDola sUcanA evaM prakAzana vibhAga, madhyapradeza, bhopAla / la. Prof. S. R. Sharma, Some Aspects of Archaeological Works in M. P. (Hindi). Govt Degree College, Shahdol, English Section, Page 6. (1963-66). 2. Rewa State Gazetteer, Vol. IV, 1907, Page 18-87. 3 RK. Sharma. "Royal Patronage to Art of Kalchuri Dynasty", Prachya Pratibha, Bhopal, Vol. V, No. 2, July 1977, Page 21. 4. zivakumAra nAmadeva, bhAratIya jainakalA ko ma0pra0 ko dena, sanmativANI, indaura, maI 75, pR013 / 5. Rewa State Gazetteer, Vol. IV, 1907, Page 104. 6. DaoN. rAkezakumAra upAdhyAya, 'zahaDola jile ko purAtattvIya saMpadA' dainika janabodha, zahaDola, dinAMka 19-3-79, pRSTha 3 / 7. A.Cunnighm, A.S. I. R., Vol. VII, P. 239-46. 8. bAlacaMda jaina, jainakalA evaM sthApatya, khaNDa 3, adhyAya 38, pRSTha 596 / 9. S. K. Dixit, A Guide to the State Museum-Dhabela, Nowgaon, P. 12. avadhezapratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA, ma0pra0kI jaina vidyA saMgoSThI meM paThita zodhapatra kA sAra / 49

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Common Terminology in Early Buddhist and Jain Texts K. R. NORMAN Cambridge (UK) Introduction When Western scholars began to investigate Buddhism and Jainism in the nineteenth century, they very soon noticed that the two religions had much technical terminology in common, although the precise meanings of such terms did not necessarily coincide. It is very interesting to make a comparative study of the terminology of the two religions, since it is possible thereby to gain some idea of the religious and cultural background in which Buddhism and Jainism came into being. The explanation for such parallels in terminology can sometimes be seen as a borrowing from one religion to the other or, perhaps more often, a common borrowing by both from a third religion or from the general mass of religious beliefs which we may assume were current at the time the two religious leaders lived c. 500 B. C.1 To this general background of religious thought we can probably assign most of the vocabulary of the ascetic type of religion, e. g. such words as aramana, pravrajya, pravrajita, tapas, and rsi. It sometimes happens that one or other of the two religions, while retaining the use of a word or concept, has nevertheless lost its original meaning. The fact that words and ideas in this category have parallels in the other religion may perhaps help us, by examining the contexts in which such words occur, or by investigating the commentarial tradition about them, to discover the meaning which they had originally, or at some earlier time. Technical terms Although there are many technical terms common to the two religions, e. g. brahmana, gati, moksa, nirvana, bhavana, dhuta, ta(d), phasu(ya)", yoga, the meanings do not always 1. Or 400 B. C., if we adopt the later dating. See H. Bechert, "The date of the Buddha reconsidered", Indologica Taurinensia (IT), X, 1982, pp. 29-36 and A remark on the problem of the date of Mahavira", IT, XI, 1983, pp. 287-90. For ta(d)in, see K. R. Norman, Elders' Verses I, London 1969, verses 41 and 1077, and Elders' Verses II, London 1971, verses 249-50; J. W. de Jong, "Notes on the Bhiksuni-Vinaya of the Mahasamghikas", in L. Cousins et al. (edd.), Buddhist Studies in Honour of I. B. Horner, Dordrecht 1974, pp. 63-70 (p. 69 n. 8); and L. Alsdorf, Les etudes jaina: etat present et taches futures (=Etudes), Paris 1965, pp. 5-6. See C. Caillat, "Deux etudes de moyen-indien", JA 1960, 1960, pp. 41-55, and "Nouvelles remarques sur les adjectifs moyen-indiens phasu, phasuya", IA 1961, pp. 497-502; and Alsdorf, Etudes, p. 45. 2. 3.

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394 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa coincide precisely. It has been shown, for example, that both Buddhism and Jainism make use of the term asava, but the Buddhist usage does not fit the etymology of the word, while the Jain usage does. The words kevalin and parinnaya/parinnaya are found in both Buddhist and Jain. texts, but they are not adequately explained in the Buddhist commentaries. The meanings given in the Jain commentaries help us to understand how the words are to be understood in their Buddhist contexts. There are also less technical terms such as mala-vihara', where the existence of the word in clearly defined contexts in one religion enables a meaning to be provided for the other religion. There are also such concepts as the Pratyeke-buddhas, including the details. down to the names and the causes of their enlightenment. The two religions share with brahmanical Hinduism the idea of the nidhis", although the names and number of these are not the same in all three religions. There are also a number of epithets found in Buddhist and Jain texts which are clearly taken over from some carly soure, since they have the same good sense in both religions, whereas in later secular literature they have a somewhat pejorative sense, e. g. yaksa. 10 Literary parallels The parallels between the two religions are found in such matters as texts, e. g. the Jatakas and the parallels in the Uttaradhyayanasutra discussed by Alsdorf and others The parallelism goes right down to metrical parallels-both religions use the Old Arya (or Old 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Alsdorf, Etudes, pp. 4-5. See H. Nakamura, "Common elements in early Jain and Buddhist literature", IT, XI, 1983, pp. 318. See Norman, Elders' Verses II, verse 168; and N. Tatia, "Parallel developments. in the meaning of parijna in the canonical literature of the Jainas and Buddhists", IT, XI, 1983, pp. 293-302. Quoted by Alsdorf, Etudes, p. 7. See K. R. Norman, "The Pratycka-buddha in Buddhism and Jainism", in Denwood and Piatigorsky (edd.), Buddhist Studies: ancient and modern, London 1983, pp. 92-106. See K. R. Norman, "The nine treasures of a cakravartin", IT, XI, 1983, pp. 183-93. See Nakamura. op. cit. (in n. 5), p. 318. See L. Alsdorf, "Uttarajjhaya Studies", in Indo-Iranian Journal (IIJ), VI, 1962, pp. 110-36 and "The story of Citta and sambhuta", in the Felicitation Volume for Prof. S. K. Balvalkar, Benares 1957, pp. 202-208. c. g. A. Mette, "Eine jinistische Parallele zum Musika-Jataka", in Studien zum Jainisms und Buddhismus, Wiesbaden 1981, pp. 155-61.

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Common Terminology in Early Buddhist and Jain Texts X Giti) metre18--and verbal parallels, of the sort discussed and listed by Nakamura.'4 We find similes used in common, e. g. the grass and its sheath. 15 Sometimes the usage is just sufficiently different for us to be able to understand the original meaning, e g. khaggi-visanam va ega-jae , which Jacobi translates "single and alone like the horn of a rhinoceros."17 Here the neuter form--visanam makes it clear that it is the horn which is solitary. Despite the fact the Pali commentators knew the point of the simile, there are still some who are reluctant to accept their explanation', since the usage in Pali in the compound khagga-visana-kappa is such that we cannot be certain whether it is the rhinoceros or its horn which is single. The parallelism in literature and literary ideas can undoubtedly be ascribed to the whole mass of floating ascetic-type literature which we know was in existence at that time. This accounts for the fact that parallels can often be seen not just between Buddhist and Jain literature, but also between the literature of those two religions and that of brahmanical Hinduism. Epithets of the prophets Jacobi noted 19 that the Buddhists and Jains "give the same titles or epithets to their prophets", e. g. Jina, arhat, Mahavira, sarvajna, Sugata, Tathagata, Siddha, Buddha, Sambuddha, Parinivsta, mukta. It is not known where the idea of a number of previous prophets came from, but it may be no conincidence that the Jains have 24 Jinas, while the Buddhists have 24 previous Buddhas?o, plus Gotama Buddha. The addition of three extra Buddhas is clearly a late addition to the general idea in Buddhism. , 13. For discussions of the Arya metre see L. Alsdorf, "Itthiparinna", IIJ II, 1958, pp. 249-70; A. K. Warder, Pali Metre, London 1967, $8 249-70; and K. R. Norman, The origin of the Arya metre", to appear in the N. A. Jayawickrama Felicitation Volume. 14. See Nakamura, op. cit. (in n. 5), pp. 304-14. For other lists of phrases and verses found in both Jain and Buddhist texts, see G. Roth, "Dhammapada verses in Uttarajjhaya 9", Sambodhi V, 2-3, 1976, pp. 166-69; and W. B. Bollee, Reverse index of the Dhammapada, Sutta-ni pata, Thera-and Therigatha Padas, Reinbek 1983. 15. See K. R. Norman, "Kriyavada and the existence of the soul", in Buddhism and Jainism, Cuttack 1976, pp. 4-12. For other similes see Nakamura, op. cit. (in n. 5). 16. H. Jacobi, The Kal pasutra of Bhadr abahu, Leipzig 1879, Jinacaritra 118 (p. 62). 17. H. Jacobi, Jaina Sutras Part I, Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XXII, Oxford 1884, p. 261. 18. See N. A. Jayawickrama, "Sutta Nipata. The Khaggavisana Sutta", University of Ceylon Review, VII, 2, 1949, pp. 119-28. 19. See H. Jacobi, op. cit. (in n. 17), p. xix. 20. For the number of Buddhas see R. Gombrich: "The significance of former Buddhas in the Theravadin tradition", in Somaratna Balasooriya et. al. (edd.), Buddhist Studies

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396 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha ( aos Great difficulties sometimes arise in the interpretation of the long ornate adjectives applied to the Buddha and Jina, for the words were probably adopted at a very early date, and then employed in stereotyped lists. As a result of this their meanings were forgotten. The antiquity of some of these long epithets is confirmed by the fact that they are sometimes examples of the vedha metre.21 One such epithet is vasi-candana-kal pa22 which occurs in Buddhist Sanskrit in a list of epithets of the Buddha. Its meaning was unclear and caused much discussion, but the problem of its interpretation was solved when it was observed that there was Jain parallel vasicamdanakappa which occurs in a list of comparable epithets in a Jain canonical text.28 The explanation given by the Jain conmentators enables us to understand its meaning. Similarly we find sama-losta-kancana in stock lists of epithets in Buddhist texts and sama-letthukamcana in comparable lists in Jain texts.24 A longer, extended version of the first of these epithets occurs in the form vasi-camdana-samana-kappa, and an extended version of the last occurs in the form sama-tina-mani-lethu-kamcana in some Jain texts.25 The interpretation of the Pali canonical word vivattacchadda, which is applied to the Buddha, has caused difficulty, because the word which appears in parallel passages in Buddhist Sanskrit texts is vighustasabda, which is sufficiently different to suggest that the ancient translators also had problems in understanding its meaning." A parallel for the chadda (Sanskrit chadma) portion of the compound has been seen with the Jain technical term chadmastha, 27 which Jaini translates "one who is still in bondage,":8 but it has recently become possible to in honour of Valpola Rahula, London 1980, pp. 62-72 (p. 68), where he suggests the number 24 was taken over by the Buddhists from the Jains. 21. For vedhas see H. Jacobi, "Indische Hypermetra und hypermetrische Texte", Indische Studien, XVIII, 1885, pp. 389 foll. See K. R. Norman, "Middle Indo-Aryan Studies (1)", Journal of the Oriental Institute (Baroda), IX, 3, 269-71. 23. See Uttaradhyayanasutra, XIX, 92. 24. For Buddhist sama-losta-kancana see the Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, s. v. vasi-candana-kalpa. For Ardha-Magadhi sama-letthukamcana see B. Leumann, Das Au patika Sutra, Leipzig 1883, $ 29 (p. 38). 25. The longer form vasi-camdana-samana-kappa (Kalpasutra g 119 (p. 631; Aupapatika Sutra $ 29 (p. 371) scans --/-uu/u-u/-v; the longer version sama-tina-mani-letthu-kam cana (Kalpasutra $ 119 (p. 631) scans u u u u/u u-/u-u/v. 26. For vivatta-cchadda see K. R. Norman, "Two Pali etymologies", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 42, 1979, 321-28 27. See O. von Hinuber, "Die Entwicklung der Lautgruppnen -tm-, -dm- und -sm im Mittel- und Neunindischen, Munchener Studien zum Sprachwissenschaft, 40, 1981, 61-71. 28. P. S. Jaini. The Jaina Path of Purification, Barkeley 1979, p. 27.

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E1 Common Terminology in Early Buddhist and Jain Texts 18 provide an explanation for it on the basis of a parallel form viyatta-chauma, which occurs in Jain texts.29 Jacobi translates it as "have got rid of unrighteousness."80 Since this word occurs in a list of epithets of the Jina it is very likely to be the equivalent of the Pali word. Si The city explains : vyavsttachadmabhyah ghati-karmani samsaro va chadma tad vyavittam ksinam yebhyas te. 82 Even when there is no complete parallel, a similar expression sometimes helps with the interpretation of a difficult word or phrase. We find the compound isi-sattama used of the Buddha.88 Here the Buddhist tradition gives two explanations : "best of the sages", and "seventh of the sages", since the Pali word sattama can stand for either Sanskrit sattama "best" or saptama "seventh". This may well be an idea taken over from an earlier religion, and may be connected in some way with the brahmanical idea of seven sages (rsis). In this context it is interesting to note that the Jain tradition has the term jina-sattama, 34 which gives only the meaning "best of jinas", since there is no stock list of seven jinas. Conclusions It is likely that comparative studies of this nature will help us to understand more details of the two religions, as well as the relationship between them and the other religions which were current at the same time. 29. For references see Paic-sadda-wakarravo, s. v. viatta. 30. Jacobi, op. cit. (in n. 17), p. 225, translates : "have got rid of unrighteousness." 31. See K. R. Norman, "The influence of the Pali commentators and grammarians upon the Theravadin tradition", Buddhist Studies (Bukkyo Kenkyu), XV, 1985, pp. 109-23. 32. Quoted by Jacobi, op. cit. (in n. 16), p. 103. 33. See O. von Hinuber, Upali's verses in the Majjhimanikaya and the Madhyamagama", in L. A. Hercus et al. (edd.), Indological and Buddhist Studies (in honour of Prof. J.V. de Jong), Canberra 1982, pp. 243-51 (p. 249). 34. See Norman, Elders' Verses I, verse 1240 (referring to Jinasattama at Isibhasiyaim 38. 12). 51

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kanakasena kA svataMtravacanAmRta DA0 padmanAbha esa0 jainI dakSiNa evaM dakSiNa pUrvI eziyA adhyayana vibhAga, kailiphorniyA vizvavidyAlaya, barkale, ke0, yU0 esa0 e0 sTrAsabarga vizvavidyAlaya ke rASTrIya pustakAlaya ke saMgrahAgAra meM isa aprakAzita laghu jaina kavitA kI ekala pAMDulipi upalabdha hai|' isa pAMDulipi (ke do tAr3apatroM) kA saMkSipta vivaraNa 'dI keTelAga Ava jaina menuskripTa aiTa sTrAsabarga' meM pRSTha 222 va240 meM diyA gayA hai / 2 isakA mUlapATha tathA anuvAda nIce diyA gayA hai| isase patA calatA hai ki yaha kRti dvAtriMzikAoM kI zailI meM likhI gaI hai| inameM 32 zlokoM meM dArzanika mantavya prakaTa kiye jAte haiN| yaha zailI cauthI sadI ke siddhasena divAkara ke samaya se hI lokapriya hai jo ekaviMzati dvAtriMzikAoM ke lekhaka ke rUpa meM khyAta haiN| vartamAna kRti kA mujha kahIM bhI ullekha prApta nahIM haA hai aura yadyapi kanakasena kA nAma bhI isa kavitA ke anta meM pAyA jAtA hai, para unakA bhI anya koI vivaraNa (samaya yA vyakti) upalabdha nahIM hai| kartA ke nAma meM 'sena' zabda hone ke kAraNa use senagaNa kA mAnA jA sakatA hai jo digabara saMpradAya kA sAdhusaMdha rahA hai| isa kavitA ke mUlapATha ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai / prathama bhAga meM 1-9 zloka Ate haiM / inameM AtmA kI pravRtti ke viSaya meM vibhinna paraMparAgata darzanoM kI mAnyatAyeM dI gaI haiM / dUsare bhAga meM 10-24 zloka Ate haiN| inameM AtmA ke saMbandha meM jaina mAnyatA to dI hI gaI hai, sAtha hI, syAdvAda kI yukti kA upayoga karate hue anya darzanoM ke paraspara virodhoM kA parihAra bhI kiyA gayA hai| tIsare bhAga meM 25-31 zloka Ate haiN| inameM mokSaprApti ke sAdhana svarUpa darzana, jJAna aura cAritra ke trirajnI patha kA varNana haiN| yadyapi svataMtra-vacanAmata eka laghu kRti hai, phira bhI isake AtmA ko karmabaMdha se mukti dilAne ke liye upayogI jaina siddhAnta ke pUre varNana ke kAraNa ise pUrNa grantha mAnA jA sakatA hai / svataMtra vacanAmRtaH mUlapATha aura anuvAda SVATANTRAV ACANAMOTA : TEXT AND TRANSLATION zrI vItarAgAya nmH| Salutations to the auspicious one who is free from passions ! jIvAjIvaka bhASAya prANe vatadanyakaiH / kAryakAraNa mukta taM muktAtmAnaM upAsmate // 1 // We venerate that free soul who is emancipated from the cycle of cause and effect [namely the defiled state of bondage) and from the signs of embodiment and vital life and one who illuminates with his knowledge the entire range of the sentient and the insentient (1). atha mokSasvabhAvApti rAtmanaH karmaNAM kSayaH / samyag-dRga-jJAna-cAritraH avinAbhAvalamaNaH // 2 //

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kanakasena kA svatatravacanAmata 399 There is the atta inment of the true nature of emancipation when there is the total destruction of the karmas accumulated by the soul. And such a state is not to be found without the simultaneous presence of true insight, right knowledge and pure conduct (2). sati dharmiNi taddharmAH cintyate vibudhariha / bhoktabhAve tataH kasya mokSaH syAt iti nAstikaH / / 3 / / Here the nihilist [the Carvaka] objects : The wise consider the qualities (dharmas) only when there is a substance (dharmin) indicated; in the absence of a soul who attains emancipation (i.e. whose freedom can be talked about ?) (3). asti AtmA cetano draSTA pRthvyAderananvayAt / pizAcadarzanAdibhyo'nAdi zuddhaH sanAtanaH // 4 // [The atmavadin says] : There is a soul. He is sentient and being the perceiver cannon: be subsumed under (such substances) as earth, etc. [He must be considered different from the body] on the analogy of perception of goblins, etc., [who do not have gross bodies]. This soul moreover is eternally and forever pure (4). sa nirlepaH kathaM saukhya-smAra-krodhAdikAraNAta / deha evAdi hetubhyaH kartA, bhoktA ca nezvaraH // 5 // The soul cannot however be [totally) free from blemishes because of the presence of such conditions as pleasure, sexual desire, anger, etc., which arise with the body. For these reasons the soul is the agent [of his actions] as well as the enjoyer [of the results]; he certainly is not the lord of himself (5). IzvarAbhAva tastasmin na tadvatvaM prasiddhayati / sAdhanA sabhavAt so'pi brate yogamatiSTikRt // 6 // In the absence of this lordship he cannot truly be established as endowed with thatness, [namely being the agent and the enjoyer], so says a disciple of the Yoga school, the performer of sacrifices, [namely, a devoted of the Lord] (6). satvAt kSaNika evAsau tatphalaM kasya jaayte| ___ api durgrahIta evaitat pratyabhijJAdi bAdhakAt // 7 // Here the Buddhist says : If the soul is an existent, then it must be momentary. Such being the case, to whom would the result accrue? [The Jaina replies:) Surely this is wrongly perceived since your position is invalidated by recognition. etc. (7). zrutaprAmANyataH karma kriyate hiMsAdinA yutaM / vRtheti ati (?) na..........."sabhavAt // 6 // Here the Mimamsaka says : Actions are performed mixed with injury to beings as they are prescribed by the revealed scriptures (The Vedas). [The Jaina replies:] Surely that is futile [as injury cannot be the means of salvation] (8).

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400 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa advaita sAdhana nAsti, dvaitApattistadanyathA / nyUnAditi AcchabodhAde hinAmiti jainadhIH // 9 // As for the Advaita-Vedanta if there is only one reality, there can be no means to establish it. And if it is established, duality will result. [Moreover, there must be plurality] because of the deficiencies perceived in the pure (i. e. normal) consciousness of sentient beings : The Jaina view on the soul therefore is (9): draSTA jJAtA prabhuH kartA, bhoktA ceti guNI ca sH| visrasordhvagatiH dhrauvyavyayotpattiyugaMgamaH // 10 // The soul is the perceiver, the knower, the Lord, the agent the enjoyer and possessor of qualities. [When freed from the karmas and the conditions of embodiment] the soul is of the nature to rise upwards spontaneously [reaching the summit of the Universe]. [As an existent) the soul is enjoined simultaneously with production (of a new state], loss [of an old state] and the endurance [as a substance with its own qualities] (10). asti-nAsti svabhAvo'sau. dharmaH svprsNbhvH| guNAguNa svarUpazca, svavibhAva guNarbhavet // 11 // The soul is characterized by positive and negative aspects which rise from the assertion of his own qualities and the denial of others' in him. In this way when we look at his innate nature he will be seen as endowed with [perfect] qualities. When his defilement (arising from the contact of karmas) are however perceived he would appear to be deviod of such [perfect] qualities (11). vyapadezAdibhi bhinnaH sukhAdibhyo'parastathA / pradeza bandhato mUtiH amUrtassa tadanyathA / / 12 // Although truly speaking, he must be distinct from the states where he is designated [as human, divine, animal, etc.,] he must nevertheless be identical with the [changing] states of happiness, etc. Similarly, he has a form when bound by karmic matters and is formless when he is free from bondage (12). jAtizakta ssa catanyakaH sa syAdanekatAma / Apnoti vattimaddhAvai nA jJAnAtmanA tata: // 13 // The soul can truly be seen as "non-dual" when one perceives his consciousness in its universal aspect (that is when the objects reflected therein are seen as modifications of consciousness and not distinct from it). But the same consciousness can be described as "manifold" when one perceives its multiple operation in relation to particular souls (13). kSaNakaH svaparyAya nityaH guNa rkssnnikstthaa| zUnyaH karmabhiH AnaMdAt azUnyaH sa mataH satAM // 14 // The soul is momentary [if one looks only at its modifications]; it is not momentary however if one perceives its eternal qualities. It can be called empty (sunya) since it is devoid of karmas but the wise would call it "non-empty" also as it is filled with bliss (14).

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kanakasena kA svataMtrabacanAmata 401 / . cetana: sopayogatvAt prameyatvAt acetanaH / .... vAcyaH kramavivakSAyAM avAcyo yUgapada giraH // 15 // The soul is sentient because of its cognition but [in a way) it is insentient too since it becomes the object of knowledge. It can be called "describable" if one were to speak of it in a sequential order [asserting certain properties and denying certain others] but it would become "inexpressible" if one were to attempt to express both the positive and negative aspects simultaneously (15). dravyAdyaH svagataH bhAvo bhAvA: paragatassadA / nityaH sthite ranityo sau vyayotpattiprakArataH // 16 // The soul is existent because of its own substance, etc. It can be called non-existent in as much as it lacks the substance (nature) of others. It is external (when one views] its dura. ble snbstanc; non-external however, [when viewed purely] from the gain and loss of its modifications (16). AkuMcanaprasArAbhyAM, aghAtebhyaH tanupramaH / samuddhAtaH pradezaH syAt sa ca sarvagato mataH / / 17 / / Because of expansion and contraction--which do not however destroy it-the soul is said to be of the same measure as its body. However the same soul can be called "omnipresent" when it performs the act of "bursting forth" (Samudghata) and extends itself throughout the universe [in order to thin out the karmic matter of the "nondestructive' type (i.e. ther , Vedaniya Karma)] (17). kartA svaparyAyeNa syAt akartA para paryAyaH / bhoktA pratyAtmasaMprIteH, abhoktA karaNAsrayAt // 18 // The soul is the agent only of its own modifications. It is not the agent of the states of other existents. It can be called "the enjoyer" to the extent that it attaches itself to its own body and senses but it is not the enjoyer [if one perceives the fact that] it is not truly supported by the sense organs (18). svasaMvedanabodhena, vyakto'sau kathito jinaH / avyaktaH parabodhena, grAhyo grAhako'pyataH // 19 // The Jinas have declared that the soul is "experienced" only in reference to self-cognition but the same soul can be called "beyond experience" when it becomes the object of others' cognition. For the very same reasons the soul is also described as the cognizer and the cognized (19). ityanekAntarUpo'sau, dharma revaMvidhaH pdaiH| jJAtabhyo'na tazaktibhyo, svabhAvAdapi yogibhiH // 20 // .....

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402 10 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha Thus the soul indeed is characterized by a manifold nature and it is to be known by (such apparently contradictory] expressions. By the yogins, however, the soul can be known in its own nature [endowed] with its infinite qualities (20). nayapramANabhaMgibhiH sustham etanmataM bhavet / nayA syuH tvaMzagAstatra, pramANe sakalArthage // 21 // Through the method of applying the partial and comprehensive means of knowledge [the manifoldness of the soul] is well established. The nayas apprehend only portions of e two pramanas, [namely the direct and indirect perceptions) apprehend the totality of knowables (21). bhUtAbhUtanayo mukhyo dravyaparyAyadezanAt / tadbhadA naigamAdayaH syuH antabhedastathApare // 22 // The nayas are primarily two-fold referring to the real and the relative, namely, the substantial and the modificational aspects. These are further divided as naigama-naya, etc. and each of these is further subdivided (22). pratyakSaM spaSTa nirbhAsaM, parokSaM vizadetarama / tata pramANaM vistajjJaH svaparAthaM vinizcayAta // 23 / / The direct perception (i. e. the omniscient perception) is that which is clear and without blemish. The indirect perception (namely that which is mediated by mind and the senses) is partly clear and partly unclear. Both these are called valid means of knowledge by the wise since they determine the objects inclusive of the self and others (23). syAdasti-nAsti yuga syAt avaktavyaM ca tat traya / saptabhaMgI nayavastu dravyArthika purassaraH // 24 // The object of knowledge is approached by the seven-fold viewpoints expressed as exists, does not exist, both, inexpressible, and the three combinations thereof, all statements qualified by the term syat in some sense). These seven statements will proceed (with having| in view seit her) the substance for the modes) (24). nilezya nirguNasthAnaM, sat-cit-jJAna-sukhAtmaka / AtyaMtika avasthAnaM, sa mokSo'tra yadAtmanaH // 25 // The emanicipation of the soul is that state when the soul becomes free from karmic "colouration", transcends the [fourteen]s stages of the progress towards perfection, becomes the embodiment of pure being, pure consciousness, infinite knowledge and bliss and endures there eternally (25). daga-jJAna vatti mohAkhya vighnA vidyodarAnvayaH / karmANi dravyamukhyAni, kSayazcaSAmaso bhavet / / 26 / /

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kanakasena kA svataMvacanAmRta 403 The emancipation takes place when there is the total annihilation of nescience (avidya) which is also known as the major karmic matter, the obscurer of perception and knowledge. and the producer of delusion and obstruction (26). 6] niSkaSTakAlakaM svarNa tat syAt agnivizeSataH / tathA rAgakSayAt eSaH kramAt bhavati nirmalaH // 27 // Just as a piece of gold by coming into contact with a special kind of fire can become free from all dirt, similarly the soul gradually becomes free from [karmic] dirt by the destruc tion of attachment ( 27 ). bAhyAMtaraMgasAmagre paramAtmani bhAvanAM / yo'bhyudeti AtmanaH samyak (tat) samyagadarzanaM mataM / / 28 / / The true insight is that which arises in the soul when there is the contemplation of the true self in the presence of the totality of the internal and the external efficient causes (28). svaparicchittipurANaM yat tat praticchittikAraNaM / jyotiH pradIpavat bhAti, samyag jJAnaM tadIrita // 25 // The right knowledge is said to be that which shines like flame and is the immediate cause of perceiving the objects as well as discriminating between the self and non-self (29). tatparyAyasthiratvaM vA vA svAsthyaM vA cittavRttiSu / sarvAvasthAsu mAdhyasthya tad vRtta athavA smRtam ||30|| The pure conduct is described as that which is firmness in that state [of discrimination], the complete stillness of all operations of the mind and the equanimity in all states (30). etat tritayaM evAsya hetuH samuditaM bhavet / nAmyat kalpitaM anyaiH yadvAdibhiH yuktivAdhitaM / / 31 / / Only the combination of these three may be considered the proper means of [attaining] this [emancipation] and not those imagined by the disputants whose arguments are opposed to reasoning (31). itthaM svataMtra vacanAmRtaM Apibanti svArama sthite kanakasenamukhendu sUtam ye jihvA zrutipute (ji) yugena bhavyA: tejarAmarapadaM sapadi zrayanti ||32|| These are the immortal words on the free soul Kanakasena [the poet], well established in his own self. speech and mind recieve this ambrosia of words through their cars and taste it with their tongue [i. e. listen to it and repeat it] surely will instantly attain to the state free from decay and death (32). coming from the moon-like mouth of Those devout souls, who with body, ||iti svataMtra vacanAmRtaM samAptaM // Thus is Completed the Immortal Sayings on the Free Soul.

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prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa : vartamAna RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana nidezaka, pArzvanAtha vivAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI ___ zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAeM yaha svIkAra karatI haiM ki praznavyAkaraNa sUtra (paNhavAgaraNa) jaina aMga-Agama sAhitya kA dasavAM aMga-grantha hai; kintu digambara paramparA ke anusAra aMga-Agama sAhitya ke viccheda (lupta) ho jAne ke kAraNa vartamAna se yaha grantha upalabdha nahIM hai| zvetAmbara paramparA aMga sAhitya kA viccheda nahIM mAnatI hai| ataH usake upalabdha AgamoM meM praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka grantha Aja bhI pAyA jAtA hai| kintu samasyA yaha hai ki kyA isa paramparA ke vartamAna prazna vyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu vahI hai, jisakA nirdeza Agama granthoM meM hai athavA vaha parivartita ho cukI hai| praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu sambandhI prAcIna nirdeza zvetAmbara paramparA ke sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, anuyogadvAra evaM nandIsUtra meM aura digambara paramparA ke rAjavAtika, dhavalA evaM jayadhavalA nAmaka TIkA granthoM meM upalabdha hai| praznavyAkaraNa nAma kyoM ? 'praznavyAkaraNa' nAma ko lekara prAcIna TIkAkAroM evaM vidvAnoM meM yaha dhAraNA bana gayI thI ki jisa grantha meM praznoM ke samAdhAna kiye gaye hoM, vaha praznavyAkaraNa hai| mero dRSTi meM praznavyAkaraNa ke prAcIna saMskaraNa kI viSayavastu praznottarazailI meM nahIM thI aura na vaha prazna-vidyA arthAt nimittazAstra se hI sambandhita thii| guru-ziSya samvAda kI praznottara zailI meM Agama-grantha kI racanA eka paravartI ghaTanA hai-vyAkhyA-prajJapti isakA prathama udAharaNa hai| yadyapi aMga evaM nandIsUtra meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa meM 108 pUche gaye, 108 nahIM pUche gaye aura 108 aura aMzataH nahIM pUche gaye praznoM ke uttara hai|' kintu yaha avadhAraNA kAlpanika hI lagatI hai| praznavyAkaraNa kI prAcInatama viSayavastu praznottara rUpa meM thI yA usameM praznoM kA uttara dene vAlI vidyAoM kA samAveza thA-samavAyAMga aura nandIsUtra ke ullekhoM ke atirikta Aja isakA koI prabala pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai| prAcInakAla. meM granthoM ko praznoM ke rUpa meM vibhAjita karane ko paramparA tho| isakA sabase mahattvapUrNa udAharaNa ApastambIya dharmasUtra hai jisakI viSayavastu ko do 'praznoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| isake prathama prazna meM 11 paTala aura dvitIya prazna meM 11 paTala hai| yaha sampUrNa grantha praznottara rUpa meM bhI nahIM hai| isI prakAra baudhAyana dharmasUtra kI viSayavastu bhI praznoM meM vibhakta hai| ataH praznottara zailI meM hone ke kAraNa yA prazna vidyA se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa ise praznavyAkaraNa nAma diyA gayA thA-yaha mAnanA ucita nahIM hogaa| vaise isakA prAcInatama nAma 'vAgaraNa' (vyAkaraNa) hI thaa| RSibhASita meM isakA isI nAma se ullekha hai| prAcInakAla meM tAttvika vyAkhyA kA vyAkaraNa kahA jAtA thaa| praznadhyAkaraNako viSayavastu sthAnAMga ko chor3akara praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ke sambandha meM anya granthoM meM jo nirdeza hai, usase vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa nizcaya hI bhinna hai| yaha parivartana kisa rUpa meM huA hai, yahA vicAraNIya hai| yadi hama granthoM ke kAlakrama ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ke sambandha meM upalabdha vivaraNoM ko dekheM, to hameM kAlakrama meM usakI viSayavastu meM usame hue parivartanoM kI spaSTa sUcanA mila jAtI hai : (a) sthAnAMka-praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ke sambandha meM prAcInatama ullekha sthAnAMgasUtra meM milatA hai| isameM praznavyAkaraNa kI gaNanA dasa dazAoM meM kI gaI hai tathA usake nimna dasa adhyayana batAye gaye hai-1. upamA,

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prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa : vartamAna RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana 405 2. saMkhyA, 3. RSibhASita, 4. AcAryabhASita, 5. mahAvIrabhASita, 6. kSImakaprazna, 7. komalaprazna, Adarzaprazna Adrakaprazna. 9. aMguSThaprazna, 10. bAhuprazna / ' isase phalita hotA hai ki sarvaprathama yaha dasa adhyAyoM kA grantha thaa| dasa adhyAyoM ke grantha dasA (dazA) kahe jAte the| (ba) samavAyAMga-sthAnAMga ke pazcAt praznavyAkaraNa sUtra kI viSayavastu kA adhika vistRta vivecana karanevAlA Agama samavAyAMga hai| samavAyAMga meM usakI viSayavastu kA nirdeza karate hue kahA gayA hai ki 'praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM 108 praznoM, 108 apraznoM aura 108 praznapraznoM kA, vidyAoM ke atizayoM (camatkAroM) kA tathA nAgoM-suparNoM ke sAtha divya saMvAdoM kA vivecana hai| yaha praznavyAkaraNadazA svasamaya-paramasamaya ke prajJApaka evaM vividha arthoM vAlI bhASA ke pravaktA pratyeka buddhoM ke dvArA bhASita, atizaya guNoM evaM upazamabhAva ke vAraka tathA jJAna ke Akara AcAryoM ke dvArA tAra se bhASita aura jagat ke hita ke lie vIra maharSi ke dvArA vizeSa vistAra se bhASita hai| yaha Adarza, aMguSTha, bAhu, asi, maNi, kSauma (vasta) evaM Aditya (ke Azraya se) bhASita hai| isameM mahAprazna vidyA, manapraznavidyA, devaprayoga Adi kA ullekha hai| isameM saba prANiyoM ke pradhAna guNoM ke prakAzaka, durguNoM ko alpa karanevAle, manuSyoM ko mati ko vismita karane vAle, atizayamaya, kAlajJa evaM zamadama se yukta uttama tIrthaMkaroM ke pravacana meM sthita karanevAle, durAbhigama, durAvagAha, sabhI sarvajJoM ke dvArA sammata sabhI ajJajanoM ko bodha karAnevAle pratyakSa pratItikAraka, vividha guNoM se aura mahAn arthoM se yukta jinavarapraNIta prazna (vacana) kahe gaye haiN| praznavyAkaraNa aMka kI sImita vAcanAyeM haiM, saMkhyAta anuyogadvAra hai, saMkhyAta prati paktiyA~ haiM, saMkhyAta veDha hai, saMkhyAta zloka haiM, saMkhyAta niyuktiyAM haiM aura saMkhyAta saMgrahaNiyA~ haiM / praznavyAkaraNa aMgarUpa se dasavAM aMga hai, isameM eka zrutaskandha hai, paiMtAlIsa uddezana kAla haiM, paitAlIsa samuddezana kAla haiN| pada gaNanA kI apekSA saMkhyAta lAkhapada kahe gaye haiN| isameM saMkhyAta akSara haiM, anantagama hai, anantaparyAya haiM, parIta trasa haiM, ananta sthAvara haiN| isameM zAzvatakRta, nibaddha, nikAcita jina-prajJapta bhAva kahe jAte haiM, prajJApita kiye jAte haiM, prarUpita kiye jAte haiM, nidarzita kiye jAte hai aura upazita kiye jAte hai| isa aMga ke dvArA AtmA jJAtA hotA hai, vijJAtA hotA hai| isa prakAra caraNa aura karaNa kI prarUpaNA ke dvArA vastu-svarUpa kA kathana, prajJApana, nidarzana aura apadarzana kiyA jAtA hai / (sa) nandIsUtra-nandIsUtra meM praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA jo ullekha hai; vaha samavAyAMga ke vivahaNa kA mAtra saMkSipta rUpa hai| usake bhAva aura bhASA donoM hI samAna haiN| mAtra vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM praznavyAkaraNa ke 45 adhyayana batAye gaye haiM jabaki samavAyAMga meM kevala 45 samuddezanakAloM kA ullekha hai, 45 adhyayana kA ullekha samavAyAMga meM nahIM hai / (da) tattvArthavAtika-tattvArthavArtika meM praznavyAkaraNa kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki AkSepa aura vikSepa ke dvArA hetu aura naya ke Azraya se praznoM ke vyAkaraNa ko praznavyAkaraNa kahate hai| isameM laukika aura vaidika arthoM kA nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai| (i) dhavalA-dhavalA meM praznavyAkaraNa kI jo viSayavastu batAI gaI hai, vaha tatvArtha meM pratipAdita viSayavastu se kiMcita bhinnatA rakhatI hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa meM AkSepaNI, vikSepaNI, saMvedanI aura nivedanI ina cAra prakAra kI kathAoM kA varNana hai| usameM yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki AkSepaNI kathA parasamayoM (anya matoM) kA nirAkaraNa kara chaha dravyoM aura nava tattvoM kA pratipAdana karatI hai| vikSepaNI kathA meM parasamaya ke dvArA svasamaya para lagAye gaye AlepoM kA nirAkaraNa kara svasamaya ko sthApanA karatI hai| saMvedano kathA puNyaphala kI kathA hai| isameM tIrthakara, gaNadhara, RSi, cakravartI Adi kI Rddhi kA vivaraNa hai| nirvedanI kathA pApa phala kI kathA hai| isameM 52

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406 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa naraka, tiryaJca, jarA-maraNa, roga Adi sAMsArika duHkhoM kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai| usameM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa praznoM ke anusAra hata, naSTa, mukti, cintA, lAbha, alAbha, sukha, duHkha, jIvita, maraNa, jaya, parAjaya, nAma, dravya, Ayu aura saMkhyA kA nirUpaNa karatA hai| isa prakAra praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ke sambandha meM prAcIna ullekhoM meM ekarUpatA nahIM hai| praznavyAkaraNa ko viSayavastu sambandhI vivaraNoM ko samIkSA merI dRSTi meM praznavyAkaraNasUtra ko viSayavastu ke tIna saMskAra hue hoMge / prathama evaM prAcInatama saMskAra, jo 'vAgaraNa' kahA jAtA thA, RSibhASita, AcAryabhASita aura mahAvIrabhASita hI isakI pramukha viSayavastu raho hogii| RSibhASita meM 'vAgaraNa' grantha kA evaM usakI viSayavastu kI RSibhASita se samAnatA kA ullekha hai|' isase prAcInakAla (I0pU04 thI yA 3rI zatAbdI) meM isake astitva kI sUcanA to milatI hI hai, sAtha hI praznavyAkaraNa aura RSikA sambandha bhI spaSTa hotA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM praznavyAkaraNa kA vargIkaraNa dasa dazAoM meM kiyA hai / sambhavataH jaba praznavyAkaraNa ke isa prAcIna saMskaraNa kI racanA huI hogI, taba gyAraha aMgoM athavA dvAdaza gaNipiTika kI avadhAraNA bhI spaSTa rUpa se nahIM bana pAI thii| aMga-Agama sAhitya ke pAMca grantha-upAsakadazA, antakRtadazA, praznavyAkaraNadazA aura anuttaropapAtikadazA tathA karmavipAkadazA (vipAkadazA)-dasa dazAoM se hI parigaNita kie jAte the| Aja ina dazAoM meM upayukta pAMca tathA AcAradazA, jo Aja dazAzrutaskandha ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai, ko chor3akara zeSa cAra-bandhadazA, dvigRddhidazA, dIrghadazA aura saMkSepadazA upalabdha hai| upalabdha chaha dazAoM meM bhI upAsakadazA aura AyAradazA kI viSayavastu sthAnAMga meM upalabdha vivaraNa ke anurUpa hai| karmavipAka aura anuttaropapAtikadazA kI viSayavastu meM kucha samAnatA hai aura kucha bhinnatA hai| jabaki praznavyAkaraNadazA aura antakRtadazA ko viSayavastu pUrI taraha badala gaI hai| sthAnAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa kI jo viSayavastu sUcita kI gaI hai, vaho isakA prAcInatama saMskaraNa lagatA hai, kyoMki yahAM taka isakI viSayavastu meM naimittika vidyAoM kA adhika praveza nahIM dekhA jAtA hai / sthAnAMga praznavyAkaraNa ke jina dasa adhyayanoM kA nirdeza karatA hai, unameM bhI merI dRSTi meM isibhAsiyAI, AyariyabhAsiyAI aura mahAvIrabhAsiyAI-ye tIna prAcIna pratIta hote haiN| uvamA aura saMkhA kI sAmagro kyA thI? kahA nahIM jA sktaa| yadyapi merI dRSTi meM 'upamA' meM kucha rUpakoM ke dvArA dharma-bodha karAyA gayA hogA jaisA ki jJAtAdharma kathA meM karma aura aNDoM ke rUpakoM dvArA kramazaH yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki jo indriya-saMyama nahIM karatA hai, vaha duHkha ko prApta hotA hai aura jo sAdhanA meM asthira rahatA hai, vaha phala ko prApta nahIM karatA hai| isI prakAra 'saMkhA' meM sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga ke samAna saMkhyA ke AdhAra para vaNita sAmagrI ho| yadyapi yaha bhI sambhava hai ki saMkhA nAmaka adhyayana kA sambandha sAMkhyadarzana se rahA ho kyoMki anya paramparAoM ke vicAroM ko prastuta karane kI udAratA isa grantha meM tho| sAtha ho, prAcInakAla meM sAMkhya zramaNAdhAra kA hI darzana thA aura jaina darzana se isakI nikaTatA thii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki adAgapasiNAI, bAhapasiNAI Adi adhyAyoM kA sambandha bhI nimittazAstra se na hokara ina nAmavAle vyaktiyoM kI tAtvika paricarcA se rahA ho jo kramazaH AdraMka aura bAhuka nAmaka RSiyoM kI tatvacarcA se sambandhita rahe hoNge| adAgapasiNAI kI TIkAkAroM ne 'Adarzaprazna' ke rUpa meM saMskRta chAyA bhI ucita nahIM hai| usakI saMskRtachAyA 'Adrakaprazna' aisI honI cAhie / Ardraka se hue praznottaroM kI carcA sUtrakRtAMga meM milatI hai, sAtha hI vartamAna RSibhASita meM bhI 'adAeNa' (Ardraka) aura bAha (bAhuka) nAmaka adhyayana upalabdha hai| ho sakatA hai ki komala aura khoma = kSobha bhI koI RSi rahe haiN| soma kA ullekha bhI RSibhASita meM hai| phira bhI yadi hama yaha mAnane ko utsuka hI hoM ki ye adhyayana nimitta zAstra se sambandhita the, to hameM yaha mAnanA

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prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa : vartamAna RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana 407 hogA ki yaha sAmagrI usameM bAda meM jur3I hai, prArambha meM usakA aMga nahIM thI kyoMki prAcInakAla meM nimitta zAstra kA adhyayana jainabhikSu ke lie vajita thA aura ise pApazruta mAnA jAtA thaa| sthAnAMga aura samavayAMga-donoM meM praznavyAkaraNa sambandhI jo vivaraNa haiM, ve bhI eka kAla ke nahIM haiN| samavAyAMga kA vivaraNa paravartI hai, kyoMki usa vivaraNa meM mUla tathya surakSita rahate hue bhI nimittazAstra sambandhI vivaraNa kAphI vistRta ho gayA hai| sthAnAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa ke dasa adhyayana batAye gaye haiM jabaki samavAyAMga usameM 45 uddezaka hone kI sUcanA detA hai / 'uvamA' aura 'saMkhA' nAmaka sthAnAMga meM vaNita prArambhika do adhyayanoM kA yahA~ nirdeza hI nahIM hai| ho sakatA hai ki 'uvamA' kI sAmagrI jJAtAdharmakathA meM aura 'saMkhA' kI sAmagrI-yadi usakA sambandha saMkhyA se thA, to sthAAMga yA samavAyAMga meM DAla dI gaI ho| 'komalapasiNAI' kA bhI ullekha nahIM hai| ina tInoM ke sthAna para 'asi' 'maNi' aura 'Aditya'-ye tIna nAma naye jur3a gaye haiM, punaH inakA ullekha bhI adhyayanoM ke rUpa meM nahIM hai / samavAyAMga kA vivaraNa spaSTarUpa se yaha batAtA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa kA varNya-viSaya camatkArapUrNa vividha vidhAoM se paripUrNa hai| yahA~ isibhAsiyAI, AyariyabhAsiyAI aura mahAvIrabhAsiyAiM-ina tona adhyayanoM kA vilopa kara yaha nimittazAstra sambandhI vivaraNa inake dvArA kathita hai, yaha kaha diyA gayA hai| vastutaH samavAyAMga kA vivaraNa hameM praznavyAkaraNa ke kisI dUsare parivarSita saMskaraNa kI sUcanA detA hai jisameM nemizAstra se sambandhita vivaraNa jor3akara pratyekabuddhabhASita (RSibhASita) AcAryabhASita aura vorabhAsita (mahAvIrabhASita) bhAga alaga kara die gaye the aura isa prakAra ise zuddharUpa se eka nimittazAstra kA grantha Tthaa| use prAmANikatA dene ke lie yahA~ taka kaha diyA gayA ki yaha pratyekabaddha AcArya aura mahAvIrabhASita hai| tatvArthavArtika meM praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA jo vivaraNa upalabdha hai, vaha itanA avazya sUcita karatA hai ki granthakAra ke sAmane praznavyAkaraNa kI koI prati nahIM thii| usane praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ke sambandha meM jo vivaraNa diyA hai, vaha kalpanAdhita hI hai| yadyapi dhavalA meM praznavyAkaraNa ke sambandha meM jo nimittazAstra se sambandhita kucha vivaraNa hai, vaha nizcaya hI yaha batAtA hai ki granthakAra ne use anuzruti ke rUpa meM zvetAmbara yA yApanIya paramparA se prApta kiyA hogaa| dhavalA meM varNita viSayavastuvAlA koI praznavyAkaraNa astitva se bhI rahA hogA, yaha kahanA kaThina hai / ___ yadyapi samavAyAMga kA praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu sambandhI vivaraNa sthAnAMga kI apekSA paravartI kAla kA hai, phira bhI isameM kucha tathya aise avazya haiM jo hamArI isa dhAraNA ko puSTa karate haiM ki praznavyAkaraNa kI mUlabhUta viSayavastu RSibhASita, AcAryabhASita aura mahAvIrabhASita hI thI aura jisakA adhikAMza bhAga Aja bhI RSibhASita Adi ke rUpa meM surakSita hai / kyoMki samavAyAMga meM bhI praznavyAkaraNa ko viSayavastu ko pratyeka buddhabhASita, AcAryabhASita kahA gayA hai| sthAnAMga meM jahA~ RSibhASita zabda haiM, vahA~ samavAyAMga meM pratyeka buddhabhASita zabda hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki RSibhASita ke pratyeka RSi ko Age calakara jainAcAryoM ne pratyeka buddha ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai / " hamAre kathana kI puSTi kA dUsarA AdhAra yaha hai ki samavAyAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa ke eka zrutaskandha aura 45 adhyAya mAne gaye haiN| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki samavAyAMga ke praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu sambandhI isa vivaraNa ke likhe jAne taka bhI yaha avadhAraNA acetana rUpa meM avazya thI ki praznavyAkaraNa ko viSayavastu pratyeka buddhoM, dharmAcAryoM aura mahAvIra ke upadezoM se nirmita tho, yadyapi isa kAla taka RSibhASita ko usase alaga kara diyA hogA aura usake 45 adhyayanoM ke sthAna para naimittazAstrasambandhI vidyAyeM samAviSTa kara dI gaI hoNgii| yadyapi nimittazAstra ke viSaya jor3ane kA ho aisA kucha prayatna sImitarUpa meM sthAnAMga praznavyAkaraNa sambandhI vivaraNa likhe jAne ke pUrva bhI huA hogaa| merI dhAraNA yaha hai ki prathama praznavyAkaraNa meM nimittazAstra kA viSaya jur3A aura phira RSibhASita vAlA aMga alaga huA tathA bIca kA kucha kAla aisA rahA jaba vahI viSayavastu donoM meM samAnAntara banI rhii|

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408 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa yahA~ hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki jahA~ sthAnAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa ke dasa adhyayana hone kA ullekha hai, vahA~ samavAyAMga meM isake 45 uddezanakAla aura nandI meM 45 adhyayana hone kA ullekha hai-yaha Akasmika nahIM hai| yaha ullekha praznavyAkaraNa aura RSibhASita ke kiso sAmya kA saMketaka hai / vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa meM dasa adhyayana honA bhI saprayojana hai-sthAnAMga ke pUrva vivaraNa se saMgati baiThAne ke lie hI aisA kiyA gayA hogaa| dasa aura paiMtAlisa ke isa vivAda ko sulajhAne ke do hI vikalpa hai-prathama sambhAvanA yaha ho sakatI hai ki prAca adhyAya rahe hoM aura usake RSibhASita vAle adhyAya ke 45 uddezaka rahe hoM athavA mUla praznavyAkaraNa meM vartamAna RSibhAsita ke 45 adhyAya hI ho kyoMki inameM bhI RSibhASita ke sAtha mahAvIrabhASita aura AcAryabhASita kA samAveza to ho hI jAtA hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki vartamAna RSibhASita ke 45 adhyAyoM meM se kucha adhyAya RSibhASita ke antargata aura kucha AcAryabhASita evaM kucha mahAvIrabhASita ke antargata uddezakoM ke rUpa meM vargIkRta hue hoN| mahatvapUrNa yaha hai ki samavAyAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa ke 45 adhyayana na kahakara 45 uddezanakAla kahA gayA hai, kintu praznavyAkaraNa se alaga karane ke pazcAt unheM eka hI grantha ke antargata 45 adhyAyoM ke rUpa meM rakha diyA gayA ho| eka mahatvapUrNa prazna yaha bhI hai ki samavAyAMga meM RSibhASita ke 44 adhyayana kahe gaye haiM jabaki vartamAna RSibhASita meM 45 adhyayana haiM / kyA vardhamAna nAmaka adhyayana pahale isameM sammilita nahIM thaa| ise mahAvIrabhASita meM parigaNita kiyA gayA thA yA anya koI kAraNa thA, hama nahIM kaha skte| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki utkaTavAdI adhyAya meM kisI RSi kA ullekha nahIM hai| sAtha ho, yaha aAya cArvAka kA pratipAdana karatA hai| ataH ise RSibhASita meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA ho / samavAyAMga aura nandIsUtra ke mUlapAThoM meM eka mahatvapUrNa antara hai / nandIsUtra meM praznavyAkaraNa ke 45 adhyayana haiM-aisA spaSTa pATha hai| jabaki samavAyAMga meM 45 adhyayana-aisA pATha na hokara 45 uddezana kAla hai, mAtra yahI pATha hai / ho sakatA hai ki samavAyAMga ke racanAkala taka ve uddezaka rahe hoM, kintu Age calakara ve adhyayana kahe jAne lage hoM / yadi samavAyAMga ke kAlataka 45 adhyayanoM kI avadhAraNA hotI, to samavAyAMga usakA ullekha avazya karatA, kyoMki samavAyAMga meM anya aMga-AgamoM kI carcA ke prasaGga meM adhyayanoM kA spaSTa ullekha hai / isa sambandha meM eka mahatvapUrNa prazna yaha bhI hai ki kyA nimittazAstra evaM camatkArika vidyAoM se mukta koI praznavyAkaraNa banA bhI thA yA yaha saba kalpanA ur3Ate haiM ? yaha satya hai ki praznavyAkaraNa kI pada saMkhyA kA samavAyAMga, nandI, nandicUrNI aura dhavalA meM jo ullekha hai, vaha kAlpanika hai / yadyapi samavAyAMga aura nandI praznavyAkaraNa ke padoM kI nizcita saMkhyA nahIM dete haiM-mAtra saMkhyAta zata-sahasra-aisA ullekha karate haiM, kintu nandicUrNI evaM samavAyAMgavati'3 meM usake padoM kI saMkhyA 9216000 aura dhavalA" meM 9316000 meM batAyo gayI hai, jo majhe to kAlpanika hI adhika lagatI hai| merI avadhAraNA yaha hai ki sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, nandI, tatvArtha rAjavAtika, dhavalA evaM jayadhavalA meM praznavyAkaraNa ko viSayavastu kA jisa rUpa meM ullekha hai, vaha pUrNataH kAlpanika cAhe na ho kintu usameM satyAMza kama aura kalpanA kA paTa adhika hai| yadyapi nimittazAstra ke viSaya ko lekara koI praznavyAkaraNa avazya banA hogA, phira bhI usameM samavAyAMga aura dhavalA meM varNita samagra viSayavastu evaM cAmatkArika vidhAe~ rahI hoMgo, yaha kahanA kaThina hai / isI sandarbha meM samavAyAMga ke mUlapATha 'addAgaMguTThAbAhuasimaNi khomaAicca bhAsiyANaM'15 ke artha ke sambandha meM bhI yahA~ hameM punarvicAra karanA hogA / kahIM uddAMga, aMguSTha, bAhu, asi, maNi, khoma, (kSobha) aura Aditya vyakti yA RSi to nahIM hai kyoMki inake dvArA bhASita kahane kA kyA artha hai ? RSibhASita meM inake ullekha hai| Aditya bhI koI RSi ho sakate hai| kevala aMguSTha, asi aura maNi-ye tIna nAma avazya aise haiM, jinake vyakti hone kI sambhAvanA dhUmila hai|

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prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa : vartamAna RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana 409 kyA praznavyAkaraNa kI prAcIna viSayavastu surakSita hai ? yahA~ yaha carcA bhI mahatvapUrNa hai ki kyA praznavyAkaraNa ke prathama aura dvitIya saMskaraNoM kI viSayavastu pUrNata: naSTa ho gaI hai yA vaha Aja bhI pUrNataH yA aMzataH surakSita hai| merI dRSTi meM praznavyAkaraNa ke prathama saMskaraNa meM RSiAcAryabhASita aura mahAvIrabhASita ke nAma se jo sAmagrI thI, vaha Aja bhI RSibhASita, jJAtAdharmakathA, sUtrakRtAMga evaM uttarAdhyayana meM bahuta kucha surakSita hai / aisA lagatA hai ki IsvI san ke pUrva ho usa sAmagrI ko vahA~ se alagakara isibhAsiyAI ke nAma se svatantragrantha ke rUpa meM surakSita kara liyA gayA thaa| jaina paramparA meM aise prayAsa aneka bAra hae haiM jaba cUlA yA cUlikA ke rUpa meM granthoM meM navIna sAmagrI jor3o jAtI rahI athavA kisI grantha kI sAmagrI ko nikAlakara usase eka nayA grantha banA diyaa| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, kisI samaya nizItha ko AcArAMga kI cUlA ke rUpa meM jor3A gayA, aura kAlAntara meM use vahA~ se alaga kara nizItha nAmaka nayA grantha hI banA diyA gyaa| isI prakAra, AyAradazA (dazAzrataskandha) ke AThaveM adhyAya (paryaSaNakalpa) kI sAmagrI se kalpasUtra nAmaka eka nayA grantha hI banA diyA gayA / ataH yaha mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai ki pahale praznavyAkaraNa meM isibhAsiyAI ke adhyAya jur3ate rahe hoM aura phira adhyayanoM kI sAmagrI ko vahA~ se alaga kara isibhAsiyAI nAmaka svatantra grantha astitva meM AyA ho / merA yaha kathana nirAdhAra bhI nahIM hai| prathama to, donoM nAmoM kA sAmya to hai hii| sAtha hI, samavAyAMga meM yaha bhI spaSTa ullekha hai ki praznavyAkaraNa meM svasamaya aura parasamaya ke prajJApaka pratyekabuddhoM ke kathana hai| isibhAsiyAI ke sambandha meM yaha spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki usameM pratyeka buddhoM ke vacana haiM / mAtra yahI nahIM, samavAyAMga svasamaya evaM parasamaya ke prajJApaka pratyekabuddha kA ullekha kara isakI puSTi bhI kara detA hai ki ve pratyekabuddha mAtra jaina paramparAoM ke nahIM haiM, apitu anya paramparAoM ke bhI haiM / isibhAsiyAI meM maMkhaligosAla, devanArada, asitadevala, yAjJavalkya, uddAlaka Adi se sambandhita adhyAya bhI isI tathya ko sUcita karate hai / merI dRSTi meM praznavyAkaraNa kA prAcInatama adhikAMza bhAga Aja bhI isibhAsiyAiM meM tathA kucha bhAga sUtrakRtAMga, jJAtAdharmakathA aura uttarAdhyayana ke kucha adhyAyoM ke rUpa meM surakSita hai / praznavyAkaraNa kA isibhAsiyAI vAlA aMza vartamAna isibhAsiyAI (RSibhASita) meM mahAvIrabhASiyAI tathA AyariyAbhAsiyAI kA kucha aMza uttarAdhyayana ke adhyayanoM meM surakSita hai / RSibhASita ke tettaliputra nAmaka adhyAya kI viSayasAmagrI jJAtAdharmakathA ke tettaliputra nAmaka adhyAya meM Aja bhI upalabdha hai| uttarAdhyayana ke aneka adhyAya praznavyAkaraNa ke aMga the isakI puSTi aneka AdhAroM se kI jA sakatI hai| sarvaprathama, uttarAdhyayana nAma hI isa tathya ko sUcita karatA hai ki yaha kisI grantha ke uttara-adhyayanoM se banA huA grantha hai| isakA tAtparya hai ki isakI viSaya sAmagrI pUrva meM kisI grantha kA uttaravartI aMza rahI hogii| isI tathya kI puSTi kA dUsarA kintu sabase mahatvapUrNa pramANa yaha hai ki uttarAdhyayana niyukti gAthA 4 meM isa bAta kA spaSTa rUpa se ullekha uttarAdhyayana kA kucha bhAga aMga sAhitya se liyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana niryakti kI isa gAthA kA tAtparya yaha hai ki "bandhana aura mukti se sambandhita jinabhASita aura pratyeka kucha samvAdarUpa isake kucha adhyayana aMga granthoM se niyuktikAra kA yaha kathana tIna mukhya bAtoM para prakAza DAlatA hai| prathama to yaha ki uttarAdhyayana ke jo 36 adhyayana haiM, unameM kucha jinabhASita (mahAvIrabhASita) aura kucha pratyeka buddhoM ke samvAda rUpa hai tathA aMga sAhitya se liye gaye haiM / aba yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se uThatA hai ki vaha aMga grantha kauna sA thA, jisase uttarAdhyayana ke ye bhAga liye gaye ? kucha AcAryoM ne dRSTivAda se isake pariSaha Adi adhyAyoM ko liye jAne kI kalpanA kI hai kintu mero dRSTi meM isakA ke AdhAra nahIM hai / isakI sAmagrI umI grantha se lI jA sakatI hai jisameM mahAvIrabhASita aura pratyekabuddhibhASita viSayavastu ho / isa prakAra viSayavastu praznavyAkaraNa kI hI thii| ataH usase hI inheM liyA gayA hogaa| yaha bA svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai ki cAhe uttarAdhyayana ke samasta adhyayana to nahIM, kintu kucha adhyayana to avazya hI mahAvIra

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410 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa bhASita haiN| eka bAra hama uttarAdhyayana ke chattIsaveM adhyayana evaM usake anta meM dI huI usa gAthA ko, jisameM usakA mahAvIrabhASita honA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, paravartI evaM prakSipta mAna bhI leM, kintu usake aThArahaveM adhyayana kI gAthA 24, jo na kevala isI gAthA ke samarUpa hai, apitu bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI usakI apekSA prAcIna lagatI hai| prakSipta nahIM kahI jA sktii| yadi uttarAdhyayana ke kucha adhyayana jinabhASita evaM kucha pratyekabuddhoM ke samvAdarUpa hai, to hameM yaha dekhanA hogA ki ve kisa aGga grantha ke bhAga ho sakate haiN| praznavyAkaraNa kI prAcIna viSayavastu kA nirdeza karate hue sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga aura nandIsUtra meM usake adhyAyoM ko mahAvIrabhASita evaM pratyekabuddhabhASita kahA gayA hai / isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki uttarAdhyayana ke aneka adhyAya pUrva meM praznavyAkaraNa ke aMza rahe haiN| uttarAdhyayana ke adhyAyoM ke vaktA ke rUpa meM dekheM, to spaSTa rUpa se unameM nabhipavvajA, kApilIya, saMjayIya Adi jaise kaI adhyayana pratyekabuddhoM ke sambAdarUpa milate haiM jabaki vinayasutta, pariSaha-vibhakti, saMskRta, akAmabharaNIya, kSullaka-nigraMthIya, dumapatraka, bahuzrutapUjA jaise kucha adhyAya mahAvIrabhASita haiM aura kesI-gautamIya, gaddamIya Adi kucha adhyAya AcAryabhASita kahe jA sakate haiM / ataH praznavyAkaraNa ke prAcIna saMskAra kI viSayasAmagrI se ina uttarAdhyayana ke aneka adhyAyoM kA nirmANa huA hai| ___ yadyapi samavAyAMga evaM nandIsUtra meM uttarAdhyayana kA nAma AyA hai, kintu sthAnAMga meM kahIM bhI uttarAdhyayana kA nAmollekha nahIM hai| yaho aisA prathama grantha hai jo jaina Agama sAhitya ke prAcInatama svarUpa ko sUcanA detA hai / mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki sthAnAMga meM prastuta jaina sAhitya vivaraNa ke pUrva taka uttarAdhyayana eka svatantra grantha ke rUpa meM astitva meM nahIM AyA thA, apitu vaha praznavyAkaraNa ke eka bhAga ke rUpa meM thaa| punaH uttarAdhyayana kA mahAvIrabhASita honA use praznavyAkaraNa ke hI adhona mAnane se hI siddha ho sakatA hai| uttarAdhyayana kI viSayavastu kA nirdeza karate hue bhI kahA gayA hai ki 36 apRSTha kA vyAkhyAna karane ke pazcAta 37veM pradhAna nAmaka adhyayana kA varNana karate hue bhagavAn parinirvANa ko prApta hue| praznavyAkaraNa ke viSayavastu kI carcA karate hue usameM pRSTha, apRSTha aura pRSThApRSTha kA virodha honA batAyA gayA hai / isase bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa aura uttarAdhyayana ko samarUpatA hai aura uttarAdhyayana meM apRSTha praznoM kA vyAkaraNa haiM / ____ hama yaha bhI suspaSTa rUpa se batA cuke haiM, ki pUrva meM RSibhASita ho praznavyAkaraNa kA eka bhAga thA / RSipata ko paravartI AcAryoM ne pratyekabuddhabhASita kahA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke bhI kucha adhyayanoM ko pratyekabuddhabhASita kahA gayA hai / isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki uttarAdhyayana evaM RSibhASita eka dUsare se nikaTa rUpa se sambandhita the aura kisI eka hI granya ke bhAga the| haribhadra (8voM zatI) Avazyaka niyukti ko vRtti (85) meM RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana ko eka mAnate hai| terahavoM zatAbdI taka bho jaina AcAryoM meM aisI dhAraNA calI A rahI thI ki RSibhASita kA samAveza uttarAdhyayana meM ho jAtA hai| jinaprabhasUri kI caudahavoM sadI kI vidhimArgaprapA meM spaSTa rUpa se ullekha hai ki kucha AcAryoM ke mata meM RSibhASita kA antarbhAva uttarAdhyayana meM ho jAtA hai| yadi hama uttarAdhyayana aura RSibhASita ko samagra rUpa meM eka grantha mAneM, to aisA lagatA hai ki usa grantha kA pUrvavartI bhAga RSibhASita aura uttarabhAga uttarAdhyayana kahA jAtA thaa| yaha to huI praznavyAkaraNa ke prAcInatama prathama saMskaraNa kI bAta / aba yaha vicAra karanA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa ke nimittazAstra pradhAna dUsare saMskaraNa kI kyA sthiti ho sakatI hai-kyA vaha bhI kisI rUpa meM surakSita hai ? merI meM vaha bhI pUrNatayA vilupta nahIM huA hai, apitu mAtra huA yaha hai ki use praznavyAkaraNa se pRthak kara usake sthAna ra AzravadvAra aura saMvaradvAra nAmaka naI viSayavastu DAla dI gaI hai| zrI agara candajI nAhaTA ne jinavANI. disambara 1980 meM prakAzita apane lekha meM praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka kucha anya granthoM kA saMketa kiyA hai / 'praznavyAkaraNAkhya jayapAyaDa' ke nAma se eka grantha muni jinavijayajI siMdhI jaina granthamAlA ne grantha kramAMka 43 meM sambata 2015 meM prakAzita kiyA

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prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa : vartamAna RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana 411 hai / yaha grantha eka prAcIna tADapatrIya prati ke AdhAra para prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| tAr3apatrIya prati kharataragaccha ke AcAryazAkhA ke jJAnabhaNDAra, jaisalamera se prApta huI thI aura yaha vikrama sambat 1336 kI likhI huI thii| grantha mUlataH prAkRta bhASA meM hai aura usameM 378 gAthAeM haiN| usake sAtha saMskRta TIkA bhI hai| yaha prakAzita grantha pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, vArANasI ke pustakAlaya meM hai| grantha kA viSaya nimittazAstra se sambandhita hai| isI prakAra, jinaratnakoza meM bhI zAntinAtha bhaNDAra khambhAta meM upalabdha jayapAhar3a praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka grantha kI sUcanA upalabdha hotI hai|" yadyapi isakI gAthA saMkhyA 228 batAI gaI hai| eka anya praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka grantha kI sUcanA hameM nepAla ke mahArAjA kI lAyabrerI se prApta hotI hai| zrI agaracandajI nAhaTA kI sUcanA ke anusAra isa grantha kI pratilipi terApantha dharmasaMgha ke yuvAcArya muni zrI nAthamalajo ne prApta kara lI hai| isa lekha ke prakAzana ke pUrva zrI jauharImalajI pArakha, rAvaTI, jodhapura ke saujanya se isa grantha kI phoTo kApI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ko prApta ho gaI hai| ise abhI pUrA par3hA to nahIM jA sakA hai, kintu tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dekhane para jJAta huA ki isako mUlagAthAe~ to sindho jaina granthamAlA ke antargata prakAzita kRti ke samAna hI haiM, kintu TIkA bhinna hai| isakI eka anya phoTokApI lAlAbhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA maMdira, ahamadAbAda se bhI prApta huI hai| eka anya praznavyAkaraNa kI sUcanA hameM pATana jJAna bhaNDAra kI sUcI se prApta hotI hai| yaha grantha bhI cUr3AmaNi nAmaka TIkA ke sAtha hai aura TIkA kA granthAMka 2300 zloka parimANa batAyA gayA hai| yaha prati bhI kAphI purAnI ho sakatI hai|" ina saba AdhAroM se aisA lagatA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa kA nimitrazAstra se sambandhita saMskaraNa bhI pUrI taraha vilupta nahIM huA hogA apitu use usase alaga karake surakSita kara liyA gayA hai| yadi koI vidvAn ina saba granthoM ko lekara unakI viSayavastu ko samavAyAMga, nandosUtra evaM dhavalA meM praznavyAkaraNa kI ullikhita viSayasAmagrI ke sAtha milana kareM, to yaha patA cala sakegA ki praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka jo anya grantha upalabdha hai, ve praznavyAkaraNa ke dvitIya saMskaraNa kA hI aMza hai yA anya hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki samavAyAMga aura nandI ke racanAkAla meM praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka kaI grantha vAcanA-bheda se pracalita hoM aura unameM una sabhI viSayavastu kA samAhita kiyA gayA ho| isa mAnyatA kA eka AdhAra yaha hai ki RSibhASita, samavAyAMga, nandI evaM anuyogadvAra meM 'vAgaraNagaMthA' evaM 'paNhAvAgaraNAI-aise bahuvacana prayoga milate haiM / isase aisA lagatA hai ki isa kAla meM vAcanAbheda se yA anya rUpa se aneka praznavyAkaraNa rahe hoNge| ___ ina praznavyAkaraNoM kI saMskRta TIkA sahita tAr3apatrIya pratiyA~ milanA isa bAta kI avazya sUcaka hai ki IsA ko 4-5vIM zatI meM ye grantha astitva meM the kyoMki 9-10vIM zatAbdI meM jaba inakI TokAe~ likhI gaI, to usase pUrva bhI ye grantha apane mUla rUpa meM rahe hoNge| sambhavataH IsA kI lagabhaga 2.3 rI sadI meM praznavyAkaraNa meM nimittazAstra sambandhI sAmagrI joDI gaI ho aura phira usameM se RSibhASita kA hissA alaga kiyA gayA aura use viziSTa rUpa se eka nimittazAstra kA grantha banA diyA gyaa| punaH lagabhaga sAtavIM sadI meM yaha nimitta zAstra vAlA hissA alaga kiyA gayA aura usake sthAna para pAMca Azrava tathA pAMca saMvaradvAra vAlA vartamAna saMskaraNa rakhA gyaa| praznavyAkaraNa ke pUrva ke do saMskaraNa bhI, cAhe usase pRthaka kara diye gaye hoM, kintu ve RSibhASita, uttarAdhyayana aura praznavyAkaraNa nAma anya nimittazAstra ke granthoM ke rUpa meM apanA astitva rakha rahe haiM / AzA hai, isa sambandha meM vidvadvarga Age aura manthana karake kisI niSkarSa para phuNcegaa| praznavyAkaraNa aura RSibhASita ko viSayavastu ko samarUpatA kA pramANa RSibhASita aura prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastuoM kI ekarUpatA kA sabase mahattvapUrNa pramANa hameM RSibhASita ke pAvaM nAmaka ikatIsaveM adhyayana meM mila jAtA hai| isameM pAzva kI dArzanika avadhAraNAoM kI carcA hai| isa carcA ke prasaMga meM granthAkAra ne spaSTa rUpa se yaha ullekha kiyA hai ki vyAkaraNaprabhRti granthoM meM samAhita isa

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412 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa adhyayana kA eka dusarA pATha bhI milatA hai| isakA tAtparya to yaha hai ki RSibhASita kI viSayavastu praznavyAkaraNa meM bhI samAhita thii| yadyapi yaha eka vivAdAspada prazna hogA ki prazna vyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu se RSibhASita kA nirmANa huA yA RSibhASita ko viSayavastu se praznavyAkaraNa kaa| lekina yaha suspaSTa hai ki kisI samaya praznavyAkaraNa aura RSibhASita kI viSayavastu samAna thI aura unameM kucha pAThAntara bhI the / ataH vartamAna RSibhASita meM prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA honA nivivAda rUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai| sAtha hI, yaha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai ki mUla praznavyAkaraNa meM pAca Adi prAcIna arhat RSiyoM ke dArzanika vicAra evaM upadeza nihita the| praznavyAkaraNa aura jayapAyaDa ko viSayavastu kI AMzika samAnatA 'praznavyAkaraNAkhya jayapAyaDa' nAmaka grantha kI viSayasAmagrI nimittazAstra se sambandhita hai / punaH usameM kartA ne tIsarI gAthA meM 'paNhaM jayapAyaDa vocchaM' kahakara praznavyAkaraNa aura jayapAyaDa ko samarUpatA ko spaSTa kiyA hai| prastuta grantha kI isI gAthA kI TIkA se grantha kI viSayavastu ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki isameM 'naSTamuSTicintAlAmAlAmasukhaduHkhajIvanamaraNa' Adi sambandhI prazna hai| isa ullekha se aisA lagatA hai ki dhavalAkAra ne praznavyAkaraNa ko viSayavastu kA jisa rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai, usakI isase bahata kucha samAnatA hai|" prastata grantha ke nivibhAga prakaraNa, naSTikA cakra, saMkhyA pramANa, lAbha prakaraNa, astravibhAga prakaraNa Adi aise haiM jinakI viSayavastu samavAyAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa ke vaNita viSayoM se yatkiJcit sAmya rakhatI hai / 22 durbhAgya yaha hai ki prakAzita hote hue bhI vidvAnoM ko isa grantha kI jAnakArI nahIM hai / yaha jaina nimittazAstra kA prAcIna evaM pramukha grantha hai / grantha kI bhASA ko dekhakara sAmAnyatayA yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha IsvI san kI cauthIpA~cavI zatAbdI kI ho sakatI hai| grantha ke lie prayukta pAyaDa yA pAhar3a zabda ke bho yaha phalita hotA hai ki yaha grantha lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa ko racanA honA cAhie, kyoMki kasAyapAhur3a evaM kundakunda ke pAhur3agrantha isI kAlAvadhi ke kucha pUrva ko racanAeM haiM / sUrya prajJapti meM bhI viSayoM kA vargIkaraNa pAhur3oM ke rUpa meM huA hai / ataH yaha sambhAvanA ho sakatI hai ki jayapAyar3a praznavyAkaraNa ke dvitIya saMskaraNa kA koI rUpa ho, yadyapi isa sambandha meM antima rupa se tabhI kucha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaba praznavyAkaraNa ke nAma se milane vAlI sabhI racanAe~ hamAre samakSa upasthita hoM aura inakA pramANika rUpa se adhyayana kiyA jAye / viSaya-sAmagrI meM parivartana kyoM ? yadyapi yahA~ yaha prazna svAbhAvikarUpa se uThatA hai ki prathama RSibhASita, AcAryabhASita, mahAvIrabhASita Adi bhAga ko haTAkara isameM nimittazAstra sambandhI vivaraNa rakhanA aura phira nimittazAstra sambandhI vivaraNa haTAkara AzravadvAra aura saMvaradvAra sambandhI vivaraNa rakhanA-yaha saba kyoM huA? sarvaprathama RSibhASita Adi bhAga kyoM haTAyA gayA ? merI dRSTi meM isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki RSibhASita meM adhikAMzataH ajaina paramparA ke RSiyoM ke upadeza evaM vicAra saMkalita the / isake paThana-pAThana se eka udAra dRSTikoNa kA vikAsa to hotA thA kintu jainadharma saMgha ke prati aTaTa zraddhA khaNDita hotI thI tathA pariNAmasvarUpa saMghIya vyavasthA ke lie apekSita dhArmika kaTTaratA aura AsthA Tika nahIM pAtI thii| isase dharmasaMgha ko khatarA thaa| punaH yaha yuga camatkAroM dvArA logoM ko apane dharmasaMgha ke prati AkarSita karane aura unakI dhArmika zraddhA ko dRr3ha karane kA thA, cuki tatkAlIna jaina paramparA ke sAhitya meM ataH use jor3anA jarUrI thaa| samavAyAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa sambandhI jo vivaraNa upalabdha hai, puSTi hotI hai-upameM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki logoM ko jina pravacana meM sthita karane ke lie, unakI mati ko vismita karane ke lie sarvajJa ke vacanoM meM vizvAsa utpanna karane ke lie isameM-mahApraznavidyA, manaHpraznavidyA, deva-prayoga

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prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa : vartamAna RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana 413 Adi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi yaha Azcaryajanaka hai ki eka aura nimittazAstra ko pApasUtra kahA gayA-kintu saMghahita ke lie, dUsarI ora, use aMga Agama meM sammilita kara liyA gyaa| ataH praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu meM parivartana karane kA doharA lAbha thA-eka aura anyatIthika RSiyoM ke vacanoM ko usase alaga kiyA jA sakatA thA, dUsarI ora usameM nimittazAstra sambandhI naI sAmagrI jor3a kara usakI pramANikatA ko bhI siddha kiyA jA sakatA thaa| kintu jaba paravartI AcAryoM ne isakA durupayoga hote dekhA hogA aura munivarga ko sAdhanA se virata hokara inhIM naimittika vidyAoM kI upAsanA meM rata dekhA hogA, to unhoMne yaha naimittika vidyAoM se yukta vivaraNa usase alaga kara usameM pAMca AzravadvAra aura pAMca saMvaradvAra vAlA vivaraNa rakha diyaa| praznavyAkaraNa ke TIkAkAra abhayadeva evaM jJAnavimala ne bhI viSaya parivartana ke lie yahI tarka svIkAra kiyA hai / 23 praznavyAkaraNa kI prAcIna viSayavastu kaba usase alaga kara dI gaI aura usake sthAna para pAMca AzravadvAra aura pAMca saMvaradvAra rUpa navIna viSaya rakha dI gaI, yaha prazna bhI vicAraNIya hai ? abhayadeva sUri ne apanI sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga kI TIkA meM bhI yaha spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai ki vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa meM inameM sUcita viSayavastu upalabdha nahIM hai|" mAtra yahI nahIM, unhoMne pAMca-pAMca AzravadvAra aura pAMca saMvaradvAra vAle vartamAna meM upalabdha praznavyAkaraNa hI TIkA likhI hai| ata: vartamAna saMskaraNa kI nimnatama soma abhayadeva ke kAla (1080 I0) se pUrvavartI honA caahie| punaH abhayadeva ne praznavyAkaraNa meM eka zrutaskandha hai yA do zrutaskandha haiM, isa samasyA ko uThAte hue apanI vRtti kI pUrvapIThikA meM se apane pUrvavartI AcArya kA mata udhRta karate hue use asvIkAra kiyA hai aura yaha bhI kahA hai ki yaha do zrutaskandhoM kI mAnyatA rUr3ha nahIM hai| sambhavataH unhoMne apanA eka zrutaskandha sambandhI mata samavAyAMga aura nandI ke AdhAra para banAyA ho| isakA artha yaha bhI hai ki abhayadeva ke pUrva bhI praznavyAkaraNa ke vartamAna saMskaraNa para prAkRta bhASA meM ho koI vyAkhyA likhI gaI thI jisameM do zrutaskandha kI mAnyatA ko puSTa kiyA gayA thaa| usakA kAla abhayadeva se 2-3 zatAbdI pUrva arthAt IsA kI 8vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga avazya rahA hogaa| punaH AcArya jinadAsagaNi mahattara ne nandIsUtra para 676 I0 meM apanI cUNi samApta kI thii| usa cUNi meM unhoMne praznavyAkaraNa meM paMcasaMvarAdi kI vyAkhyA hone kA spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai| isase bhI yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki 676 I0 ke pUrva praznavyAkaraNa kA paMca saMvaradvAroM se yukta saMskaraNa prasAra meM A gayA thA, arthAt AgamoM ke lekhanakAla ke pazcAt lagabhaga sau varSa kI avadhi meM vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa astitva meM avazya A gayA thaa| prastuta praznavyAkaraNa kI prathama gAthA, jisameM 'vocchAmi' kahakara grantha ke kathana kA nizcaya sUcita kiyA hai ki racanA zeSa sabhI aMga AgamoM ke kathana se bilakula bhinna hai| yaha pAMcavoM-chaThI sadI meM racita granthoM kI prathama prAkkathana gAthA ke samAna hI hai / ataH prastuta praznavyAkaraNa kA racanAkAla IsA kI chaThI sadI mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate hai ki praznavyAkaraNa kA vaha prAcInatama saMskaraNa hai, jisameM usakI viSayavastu RSibhASita kI viSayavastu ke samarUpa thIM aura vaha lagabhaga IsA pUrva tIsarI sadI kI racanA hogii| phira IsA kI dUsarIsadI meM usameM nimittazAstra sambandhI vivaraNa jur3e jinakI sUcanA usake sthAnAMga ke vivaraNa se milatI hai| isake pazcAta IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI meM RSibhASita Adi bhAga alaga kiye gaye aura use nimittazAstra kA grantha banA diyA, samavAyAMga kA vivaraNa isakA sAkSI hai / isa kAla meM praznavyAkaraNa ke nAma se vAcanAbheda se aneka grantha astitva meM the, aisI bhI sacanA hameM Agama sAhitya se mila jAtI hai| lagabhaga IsA kI chaThI sadI ke uttarArddha meM ina granthoM ke sthAna para vartamAna praznavyAkaraNasUtra kA Azraya evaM saMvara ke vivecana se yukta vaha saMskaraNa astitva meM AyA hai jo vartamAna meM hameM upalabdha hai| isa sambandha meM abhI vizeSa evaM nirNAyaka zodha kI AvazyakatA hai|

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414 60 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa sandarbha: 1. samavAyAMgasUtra, 546 / 2. isIbhAsiyAI 31 / 3. sthAnAMgasUtra, 10 / 116 / 4. samavAyAMgasUtra, 546-549 / 5. nandIsUtra, 54 / 6. tatvArthavAtika 1120 ( pRSTha 73-74) / 7. dhavalA, pustaka 1, bhAga 1, pRSTha 107-8 / 8. isibhAsiyAI, adhyAya 31 / 9. sthAnAMga, 9 sthAna / 10. isibhAsiyAI, paThamA saMgahINI gAthA, 1 / 11. samavAyAMgasUtra, 44 / 258 / 12. nandIsUtra, 54 / 13. (ka) nndiicuurnni| 13. (kha) samavAyAMgavRtti / 14. dhavalA, bhAga 1, pR0 104 / 15. samavAyAMga, 547 / 16. samavAyAMga, 547 / 17. praznavyAkaraNa jayaprAbhRta, (grantha0 228), jaina granthAvalI, pR0 355 / (a) cUr3AmaNivRtti (grantha 2300), pATana kaiTaloga bhAga 1 pR0 8 / (ba) lIlAvatI TIkA, pATana kaiTaloga bhAga 1 pR0 8 evaM inTroDakzana pR0 60 / (sa) pradarzanajyotivRtti, pATana kaiTaloga bhAga 1 pRSTha 8 evaM inTroDakzana pRSTha 60 / bRhadvRttaTippaNikA ( jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, pUnA 1925 kramAMka 560), jaina granthAvalI pR0 355, jinaratnakoza pR0 274 / 18. jinaratnakoza, pR0 274 / 19. isibhAsiyAI, adhyAya 31 / 20. praznavyAkaraNAkhyaM jayapAhaDanAma nimittazAstram 3 / 21. (a) praznavyAkaraNAkhyaM jayapAhuDanAma nimittazAstram, TIkA / 21. (ba) dhavalA, bhAga 1, pR0 107-8 / 22. dekheM-prakaraNa 14, 17, 21, 38, praznavyAkaraNAkhyaM jayapAhuDanAma nimittazAstra / 23. (a) praznavyAkaraNa vRtti (abhayadeva), prArambha / (ba) praznavyAkaraNa TokA (jJAnavimala), prArambha / 24. (a) praznavyAkaraNa vRtti (abhayadeva), prArambha / (ba) praznavyAkaraNa TokA (jJAnavimala), prArambha / 25. (a) nandIcUNi (praakRt-ttekstt-sosaayttii)| (ba) pAThAntara, nando cUNi (RSabhadeva kezarImala, rtlaam)| 26. NaMdIsutaM cUrNi, pR0 69 /

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jaina mithaka tathA unake Adi strota bhagavAn RSabha DaoN. harIndrabhUSaNa jaina nidezaka-anekAnta zoSapITha, bAhubalI (kolhApura) 'mitha' zabda aMgrejI bhASA kA hai jisakA artha hai-purAkathA, kalpitakathA yA gappa / isameM saMskRta bhASA kA 'ka' pratyaya jor3akara 'mithaka' zabda kA nirmANa huA hai| hamane yahA~ mithaka zabda kA vyavahAra purAkathA arthAt 'purANa' ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| jaina dharma-paricaya evaM prAcInatA ___ jaina zabda kA artha hai karma rUpI zatruoM ko jItanevAlA / ataH karmajayI siddhoM, arihaMtoM aura 24 tIrthaharoM dvArA upadiSTa dharma jainadharma ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| isake anusAra bhagavAn RSabhadeva isa yuga ke sabase prathama tIrthaGkara hai| unake kAla kI avadhAraNA zakya nahIM hai| isI kAraNa, jaina dharma ko atyanta prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai| mahAvIra isa yuga ke antima tIrthaGkara haiN| jaina sAhitya jaina sAhitya cAra anuyogoM meM vibhAjita hai-prathamAnuyoga, karaNAnuyoga, caraNAnuyoga tathA dravyAnuyoga / purANa-puruSoM ke caritra para prakAza DAlane vAlA dravyAnuyoga hai / loka aura aloka kA vivecana karanevAlA karuNAnuyoga hai / gRhastha aura sAdhu ke AcAra kA pratipAdana karane vAlA caraNAnuyoga hai| jIva-ajIva Adi sAta tattvoM kA pratipAdaka prathamAnuyoga hai / prathamAnuyoga hI jaina mithaka kA sAhitya hai / prathamAnuyoga kI paribhASA karate hue ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra ( 2. 2. ) meM kahA hai 'prathamAnuyoga muktirUpa parama athaM kA vyAkhyAna karanevAlA, puNyaprada purANa puruSoM ke caritra kI vyAkhyA karanevAlA zrotA kI bodhi aura samAdhi kA nidhAna, samocIna jJAnarUpa hai / ' prathamAnuyoga caritra evaM purANarUpa se do prakAra hotA hai| kisI eka viziSTa puruSa ke Azrita kathA kA nAma caritra hai tathA vesaTha zalAkA puruSoM ke Azrita kathA kA nAma purANa hai / ye vesaTha zalAkA puruSa nimna hai : caubIsa tIrthaMkara, bAraha cakravartI, nau baladeva, nau vAsudeva tathA nau prativAsudeva / SaTkhaNDAgama ke anusAra purANa bAraha prakAra kA hai jo nimnalikhita 12 vaMzoM ko prarUpaNA karatA hai| 1 arihaMta, 2 cakravartI, 3 vasudeva, 4 vidyAdhara, 5 cAraNa RSi, 6 zramaNa, 7 kuruvaMza, 8 harivaMza, 9 aikSvAkuvaMza' 10 kAsiyavaMza, 11 vAdI aura 12 naathvNsh| saTha zalAkA puruSoM ke Azrita kathAzAstra rUpa purANa meM ina ATha bAtoM kA varNana honA cAhie-loka, pura, rAjya, tIrtha, dAna, dono tapa aura gatirUpa phala / aisA kahA jAtA hai ki prArambha meM yauvanazalAkA puruSoM kI mAnyatA rahI hai, inameM nau prativAsudeva jor3akara kaba yaha saMkhyA zresaTha ho gaI, yaha anveSaNIya hai / + akhila bhAratIya mithaka saMgoSThI, vikrama vizvavidyAlaya meM paThita lekha kA saMkSepita rUpAntara /

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416 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa jaina mithaka sAhitya jaina sAhitya meM mithaka arthAt purANa sAhitya kI bahulatA hai / yaha saMskRta, prAkRta evaM apabhraMza-tInoM bhASAoM meM nimna rUpa meM upalabdha hai| prAkRta bhASA ke purANa grantha-paumacariya, caupanamahApurisacariya, pAsanAhacariya, supAsanAhacariya, mahAvoracariya, kumArapAlacariya, vasudevahiMDo, samarAdiccakahA, kAlakAcariyakahA, jambucaritraM, kumArapAlapaDibodha Adi / saMskRta bhASA ke purANa grantha-padmacarita, harivaMzapurANa, pANDavapurANa, mahApurANa, triSaSThizalAkApurANacarita, candraprabhacarita, dharmazarmAbhyudaya, pArvAbhyudaya, vardhamAnacarita, yazastilakacampU, jIvandharacampU Adi / apabhraMza bhASA ke purANa grantha-paumacariu, mahApurANa, pAsaNAhacariu, jasaharacariu, bhavisayattakahA, karakaMDucariu, paumasiricariu, baDDhamANacariu Adi / isa prakAra jaina dharma meM apAra jaina mithaka sAhitya upalabdha hai| purANa aura mahApurANa jinasevAcArya ne apane mahApurANa ( Adi purANa ) meM purANa kI vyAkhyA 'purAtana purANaM syAt' kI hai| unhoMne Age yaha bhI batAyA hai ki ve apane grantha meM zresaTha zalAkA puruSoM kA purANa kaha rahe haiN| isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki jisameM eka zalAkA puruSa kA varNana ho, vaha purANa tathA jisameM aneka zalAkA puruSoM kA varNana ho vaha mahApurANa hai| unake grantha meM jisa dharma kA varNana hai, usake sAta aMga haiM-dravya, kSetra, tortha, kAla, bhAva, mahAphala aura prakRta / tAtparya yaha hai ki purANa meM SaDdravya, sRSTi, tIrthasthApanA, pUrva aura bhaviSyajanma, naitika tathA dhArmika upadeza, puNyapApa ke phala aura varNanIya kathAvastu athavA satpurANa ke carita kA varNana hotA hai / purANa kI uparyukta paribhASA ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki purANa meM mahApuruSoM kA carita, Rtuparivartana aura prakRti kI vastuoM ke andara honevAle parivartana, prAkRtika zaktiyoM aura vastuoM kA varNana, Azcaryajanaka evaM asAdhAraNa ghaTanAoM kA varNana, vizva tathA svarga-narakAdi kA varNana, sRSTi ke Arambha aura pralaya kA varNana, punarjanma, puNya-pApa, vaMza, jAti, rASTroM kI utpatti, sAmAjika saMsthAoM aura dhArmika mAnyatAoM kA varNana tathA aitihAsika ghaTanAoM kA varNana honA cAhie / purANa aura mahAkAvya dhIre-dhIre jainapurANoM meM kAvyamaya zailI kA bhI samAveza ho gyaa| yaha tatkAlIna prabhAva hI pratIta hotA hai| jinasenAcArya ke anusAra, mahAkAvya vaha hai jo prAcIna kAla ke itihAsa se sambandha rakhane vAlA ho, jisameM tIrthaMkara, cakravartI ityAdi mahApuruSoM kA caritra-citraNa ho tathA jo dharma-artha-kAma ke phala ko dikhAne vAlA ho, AcArya jinasena ne apane mahApurANa ko mahAkAvya bhI mAnA hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki mahApurANa kA rUpa purANa se vRhatkAya hotA hai aura jaina purANoM meM kAvyAtmaka zailI kA bhI samAveza ho gayA hai| purANoM kA racanA ko kAla aura bhASA purANa aura mahApurANa nAmaka racanAoM kA AdhAra kyA hai? jinasenAcArya ke anusAra, tIrthaMkarAdi mahApuruSoM ke dvArA upadiSTa caritoM ko mahApurANa kahate haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki ina purANoM kI kathAe~ tIrthaMkaroM ke mukha se sunI gaI aura ye hI paramparA se calI A rahI hai| upalabdha purANa-sAhitya para dRSTipAta kareM to mAlUma hogA ki ye racanAe~ vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI se lekara aThArahavIM zatAbdI taka panapatI rhiiN|

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6] jaina mithaka tathA unake Adi srota bhagavAn RSabha 417 apane dharma pracAra meM sAdhAraNa jana ko prabhAvita karane ke lie una logoM kI jo bola-cAla kI bhASA thI, use hI apane sAhitya kA mAdhyama banAne meM jaina loga agraNI rahe haiN| isa kAraNa samaya-samaya para badalatI huI bhASAoM meM jaina purANa-sAhitya kA sRjana huA hai / prAkRta ke bAda jaba saMskRta kA adhika prabhAva bar3hA, to usa bhASA meM bhI purANoM ko racanA karane meM jaina loga pIche nahIM rhe| pazcAta jaba apabhraMza-bhASAoM ne jora pakar3A, taba apabhraMza racanAe bhI hone lgii| isa prakAra hama dekheMge ki prAkRta (mahArASTrI)-purANoM kA racanA kAla chaThoM se pandrahavIM zatAbdI taka, saMskRta-purANoM kA dazavoM se unnAsavIM zatAbdI taka tathA apabhraMza-purANoM kA kAla dazavIM se 16vIM zatAbdI taka rahA hai| pracuratA kI dRSTi se prAkRta, saMskRta aura apabhraMza purANoM kA utkRSTa kAla kramazaH 12voM-13voM, 13voM se 17vIM tathA 16vIM zatI rahA hai| ina saba meM saMskRta kRtiyoM ko saMkhyA sarvopari hai| jaina purANa-zAstra kI vizeSatAe~ jaina purANoM meM prArambha meM tIna loka, kAla-cakra va kulakaroM ke prAdurbhAva kA varNana hotA hai| pazcAt jambUdvopa va bhArata deza kA varNana karake tIrthasthApanA tathA vaMza vistAra diyA jAtA hai| tatpazcAt sambandhita puruSa ke carita kA varNana hotA hai| prArambha meM unake aneka pUrvabhavoM ko kathAoM ke sAtha anya avAntara kathAoM kA bhI samAveza hotA hai| isa prakAra unameM usa samaya pracalita loka kathAoM ke bhI darzana hote haiN| ina kathAoM meM upadezoM ko kahIM saMkSiptatA, to kahIM bharamAra rahatI hai| unameM jaina siddhAnta kA pratipAdana, satkarmapravRtti aura asatkarmanivRtti, saMyama, tA, tyAga, vairAgya Adi ko mahimA, kamasiddhAnta kI prabalatA Adi para bala rahatA hai| ina prasaMgoM para muniyoM kA praveza bhI pAyA jAtA hai / inake atirikta zeSa bhAga meM tIrthaMkara ko nagarI, mAtA-pitA kA vaibhava, garbha, janma, atizaya, kror3A, zikSA, dIkSA, pravrajyA, tapasyA, parISaha, upasarga, kevalajJAna kI prApti samavazaraNa, dharmopadeza, vihAra, nirvANa ityAdi kA varNana saMkSepa yA vistAra se sarala rUpa meM yA kalpanAmaya athavA lAlitya evaM alaMkRta rUpa meM pAyA jAtA hai| sAMskRtika dRSTi se ina granthoM meM bhASAtattva kA vikAsa, sAmAnya jIvana kA citraNa tathA rIti-rivAja ityAdi ke darzana hote hai jA paryApta .. mahattvapUrNa haiN| jaina rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata __ bhAratIya janatA ko rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata bahuta ho priya rahe haiM / jaina purANa sAhitya kA zrogageza bho inhIM do kathAnakoM ke granthoM se hotA hai / upalabdha jaina purANa sAhitya meM prAcInatama kRti prAkRta bhASA meM hai| yaha vimala. sUri (530 vi0 yA 473 I.) kI paumacariu (padmacarita) nAmaka racanA hai| isameM AThaveM baladeva dAzaratho rAma (padma), vAsudeva lakSmaNa tathA pratibAsudeva rAvaNa kA carita vaNita hai| isa rAmakathA ko amano kucha vizeSatAe~ haiM jo pAramparika rAmacarita se bhinna haiM / jaise-vAnara aura rAkSasa-ye manuSya jAtiyA~ haiM-pazu nahIM, rAma kA svecchApUrvaka vanagamana, svarNamRga kI anupasthiti, sItA kA bhAI bhAmaMDala, hanumAna ke aneka vivAha, setubandha ko anupasthiti Adi / yaha racanA gAthAbaddha hai| kahIM-kahIM para alaMkAroM ke prayoga tathA rasa-bhAvAtmaka varNanoM ke hote hue bhI isako zailo rAmAyaNa va mahAbhArata jaisI hai| saMskRta bhASA meM bhI prathama jaina purANa rAma sambandhI hI hai jo raviSeNAcArya (735 vi0 yA 678 I0) racita padmapurANa hai| isI prakAra apabhraMza bhASA meM bhI prathama upalabdha jainapurANa 'paumacariu' hai jo svayaMbhUdeva (897 - 977 vi0 yA 840-920 I0) ko racanA hai| kAla kI dRSTi se rAmAyaNa ke pazcAt mahAbhArata sambandhI kathA kRtiyoM kI gaNanA jaina purANa sAhitya meM hotI hai| jaina sAhitya meM ye racanAe~ harivaMzapurANa yA pANDavapurANa ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| upalabdha sAhitya meM

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418 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha / khaNDa jinasena kRta (840 vi0 yA 783 I0) saMskRta harivaMzapurANa, tathA svayaMbhUdeva kRta apabhraMza kA 'riTuNemicariu' prathama racanAe~ hai| AcArya vimalasUri dvArA prAkRta bhASA meM bhI mahAbhArata se sambandhita koI racanA kI gaI thI, aisA 'kUbalayamAlA' meM ullekha hai| ina racanAoM meM tIrthaMkara neminAtha, unake cacere bhAI vAsudeva kRSNa, baladeva, jarAsandha tathA kaurava-pANDavoM ke varNana, pAramparikatA se samatA aura viSamatA rakhate hue upalabdha haiN| jainamithakoM ke Adi srota bhagavAna RSabha rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata ke pazcAt kAla kI dRSTi se mahApurANoM kI bArI AtI hai jinameM triSaSTizalAkA puruSoM athavA caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM Adi ke caritra varNita haiM / saMskRta bhASA meM isa sambandha meM sabase mahatvapUrNa racanA mahApurANa hai| isakA prathama bhAga AdipurANa jinasenAcArya kRta hai tathA uttarapurANa unake ziSya guNabhadra kI racanA hai| AdipurANa meM prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva tathA unake putra prathama cakravartI bharata kA evaM uttarapurANa meM zeSa zalAkA puruSoM ke caritra varNita haiN| eka samaya thA jaba bharata kSetra meM kalpavRkSa pUrita bhogabhUmi rhii| kintu samaya meM palaTA khAyA, jIvana nirvAha kI sAmagrI dene vAle kalpavRkSa svayaM dhIre-dhIre naSTa ho ge| usa samaya janatA ke samakSa aneka prakAra kI kaThina samasyAeM krama-krama se Ane lgiiN| una vikaTa samasyAoM ko sulajhAne ke lie nimna caudaha yuga pradhAna netAoM, manuoM yA kulakaroM kA avatAra huA : 1. pratizruti, 2. sanmati, 3. kSemaMkara, 4. kSemaMvara, 5. somaMkara, 6. sImaMdhara, 7. vimalavAhana, 8. cakSuSmAna, 9. yazasvAn, 10. abhicandra, 11. candrAbha, 12. maruddeva, 13. prasenajit aura 14. naabhiraay| ye mana janasAdhAraNa kI apekSA adhika buddhimAn the / isa kAraNa inhoMne mAnava samAja kI samasyAoM ko apane vizeSa jJAnabala se sulajhAne kA prayatna kiyaa| antima manu nAbhirAya kI guNavatI patnI marudevI tho| marudevI ke garbha meM eka mahAn tejasvI putra aayaa| isake garbha meM sthita hote hI nAbhirAya ke ghara meM hiraNya arthAt svarNa kI dRSTi huii| isa kAraNa devatAoM ne 'hiraNyagarbha' kahakara stuti kii| putra ke janma ke samaya usake dAhine paira meM baila kA cihva thA, isa kAraNa usakA nAma RSabhanAtha yA vRSabhanAtha rakhA gayA / RSabhanAtha janma se hI mahAn jJAnI, atyanta sundara, prakRSTa balavAn, atizaya dayAlu tathA prabala parAkramI the| yuvA hone para unakA vivAha nandA tathA sunandA nAmaka do parama sundarI kanyAoM se huaa| nandA ke garbha se bharata Adi sau putra tathA brAhmI nAmaka eka putrI huii| sunandA ke garbha se bAhubalI nAmaka eka mahAbalazAlI putra evaM sundarI nAmaka eka kanyA kA janma huaa| bhagavAna RSabhanAtha ne apane jJAnabala se logoM ko kRSi karake anna utpanna karane kI aura anna se bhojana banAne kI vidhi sikhlaayii| unhoMne ikSu se rasa nikAla kara use kAma meM lene kI vidhi bhI btaaii| vahIM se ikSvAku vaMza kA prArambha mAnA gyaa| unhoMne kapAsa paidA kara usase vastra banAne ke upAya batalAe / dhAtuoM tathA miTTI se bartana banAne kI prakriyA smjhaayii| isake atirikta RSabhadeva ne manuSyoM ko astra-zastra calAne kI vidyA tathA zilpakalA sikhlaaii| unhoMne vyApAra karane kA DhaMga tathA paraspara sahayoga se rahakara jIvana nirvAha karane ke upAya janatA ko batalAe / bhagavAn RSama ne apane bar3e putra bharata ko nATya-kalA sikhalAI / sambhavataH usI se bharata nATyazAstra ke AcArya mAne jAte haiN| unhoMne bAhubalI ko mallaviyA meM nipuNa kiyA evaM anya putroM kI rAjanIti, buddhanIti Adi kalAoM kI zikSA dii| ____eka dina bhagavAn AdinAtha nizcinta prasanna mudrA meM baiThe hue the| taba unakI donoM putriyAM Akara unakI goda meM baiTha gii| brAhmI bAeM ghuTane para baiThI tathA sundarI dAhine ghuTane pr| donoM putriyoM ne mIThI bhASA meM kahA, "pitAjI, Apane sabako aneka vidyAe~ sikhalAI, hameM bhI koI akSaya vidyA diijie|"

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jaina mithaka tathA unake Adi srota bhagavAn RSabha 419 bhagavAn ne kahA, "acchA beTI, tuma apanA dAhinA hAtha kholakara nikAlo, maiM tumheM akSaya vidyA sikhAtA huuN|" taba brAhmI ne apanA dAhinA hAtha bhagavAn ke sAmane kara diyaa| bhagavAn ne apane dAhine hAtha ke aMgUThe se usakI hathelI para a, i ityAdi 16 svara, ka, kha ityAdi 33 vyaMjana evaM 4 yogabAha akSara likhakara usake akSara vidyA yA lipibaddha vidyA sikhalAI / usa putrI ke nAma se hI usa Adyalipi kA nAma jagat meM bAhmIlipi prasiddha huaa| sundarI bhagavAn ke dAhine ghuTane para baiThI thI / ataH usakI usakI hathelI para bhagavAn ne apane bAeM hAtha ke aMgUThe se 1, 2, 3, Adi aMka likhakara ikAI, dahAI, saikAr3A Adi ko aMka paddhati tathA saMkalana, vikalana, guNA bhAga Adi gaNita sikhlaayaa| bAMyA hAtha hone se una aMkoM ke likhane kA krama akSaroM se ulaTA (dAhinI ora se ikAI Adi ke rUpa meM prArambha hokara bAI ora likhane kI paripATI ) batalAyA gyaa| ataH tabhI se aMkoM ke likhane kI paddhati akSaroM kI upekSA ulaTI cala pdd'ii| isa prakAra bhagavAn AdinAtha ne jagat meM karmayuga ( kRSi, zilpa, vidyA, vyApAra Adi parizrama karake jIvana nirvAha karane ke upAya ) kI saSTi kii| isa kAraNa jagata meM unake nAna 'Adi brahmA' 'prajApati' vidhAtA, AdinAtha, Adozvara Adi vikhyAta hue| ___ eka dina bhagavAn RSabhanAtha rAjasabhA meM baiThe the| usa samaya nIlAMjanA nAmaka apsarA sabhA meM nRtya karate karate Ayu pUrNa ho jAne se mRtyu ko prApta ho gii| isa ghaTanA se unheM vairAgya ho gyaa| unhoMne apane bar3e putra bharata ko rAjya siMhAsana para biThAkara apanA samasta rAjyasabhA tathA gRhasthAzrama kA bhAra use sauMpa diyaa| apane anya putroM ko bhI thor3A-thor3A rAjya dekara svayaM saba kucha tyAgakara ve vana kI ora cala die| vahAM para unhoMne apane zarIra ke samasta vastra-bhUSaNa utAra die aura nagna hokara chaha mAsa kA yoga lekara Atma-sAdhanA meM baiTha ge| usa acala Asana ke samaya unake zarIra para sarpa Akara car3hate utarate rahate the tathA gale meM bhI lipaTe rahate the| unake sira para bAla bahata bar3ha gae the| usa jaTA meM varSARtu kA jalabhara jAtA thA aura bahuta samaya taka jala kI dhArA bahatI rahatI thii| Age calakara ve ziva ke pratIka bana ge| chaha mAsa nirAhAra rahakara, kaThora tapazcaryA ke pazcAta jaba ve bhojana ke lie nikaTavartI gAMva meM jAe, to vahA~ ke strI-puruSa yaha nahIM jAnate the ki sAdhu ko kisa prakAra AhAra diyA jaay| bhagavAna apane mukha se kUcha bolate na the| ataH unheM chaha mAsa taka bhojana nahIM mila paayaa| isa taraha eka varSa taka nirAhAra rahakara unhoMne tapasyA kii| eka varSa ke pazcAta hastinApura ke rAjA zreyAMsa ke yahA~ ThIka vidhi se AhAra milA / usa samaya bhagavAna ne tIna calla ikSa kA rasa pIkara pAraNA kii| tadanantara strI-puruSoM ko sAdhu ko bhojana karAne kI vidhi mAlUma ho gii| eka hajAra varSa kI kaThora Atma-sAdhanA karane ke pazcAt bhagavAn RSabha ne AtmazatruoM-kAma, krodha, mada, moha, IrSyA, rAga, dveSa Adi para vijaya prApta kI, saMsAra bhramaNa ke kAraNabhUta ghAtiyA-karmoM para vijaya prApta kI aura ve zuddha-buddha, vItarAga, sarvajJa, sarvadraSTA bana gae / Atma-zatraoM para vijaya pAne ke kAraNa unakA nAma 'jina' (jItanevAlA) vikhyAta huaa| usI samaya unakA mauna bhaMga haa| unhoMne janatA ko dharma kA upadeza denA prAraMbha kiyaa| unhoMne saMsAra se mukta hone kI vidhi, janma-maraNa se chuTakArA pAkara ajara-amara paramAtmA banane kI prakriyA sabako sarala subodha smjhaaii| isa prakAra unhoMne sabase prathama jisa dharma kA pracAra kiyA, usakA nAma unake prasiddha 'jina' nAma ke anusAra janadhama prasiddha huaa| unake dharma-upadeza se sarvasAdhAraNa ko lAbha pahuMcAne ke lie devatAoM dvArA eka gola, sundara, vizAla sabhA-maNDapa ( samavazaraNa ) banAyA gyaa| usameM 12 kakSa banAe, una kakSoM meM deva-deviyAM, manuSya-striyA~, sAdhusAdhviyAM, tathA pazu-pakSI Adi sabhI jIva baiThakara bhagavAn kA upadeza sunate the| usa samavazaraNa ( sabhA-maNDapa ) ke bIca meM eka tIna kaTanI kI vedI banI thii| usake Upara siMhAsana thA / siMhAsana ke bIca kamala thA, usa kamala para bhagavAn virAjate the| bhagavAn kA mukha pUrva yA uttara dizA kI ora hotA thA kintu daivI camatkAra se unakA mukha

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420 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa cAroM dizAoM meM dikhAI detA thA / isa kAraNa janasAdhAraNa unheM 'kamalAsana para virAjamAna caturmukhI Adi brahmA' bhI kahate the / bhagavAn ne AcArAMga Adi 12 aMgoM kA tathA prathamAnuyoga, karaNAnuyoga, caraNAnuyoga evaM dravyAnuyoga kA upadeza diyA / unake upadeza kA kramAcAra vivecana karanevAlA prathama gaNadhara unakA hI dIkSita sAdhuputra 'vRSabhasena' huaa| vRSabhasena ke bAda 83 gaNadhara aura bhI hue / isa prakAra bhagavAn RSabha lambe samaya taka mokSamArga kA pracAra karate hue AtmasAdhanA ke lie kailAsa parvata para virAjamAna hue / vahA~ unhoMne samyagdarzana, samyagyAjJAna tathA samyak cAritra rUpa trizula ke dvArA avaziSTa kamazatruoM kA kSaya kiyA / usa samaya unakA nAma kailAsapati prasiddha huA / parvatanivAsinI janatA (pArvatI) unako apanA prabhu mAnatI thI, ataH ve pArvatIpati bhI kahe jAne lage / bharata kI digvijaya bhagavAn RSabha ke jyeSTha putra bharata ne rAjyasiMhAsana para baiThara nyAya-nItipUrvaka bahuta dinoM taka zAsana kiyA / kucha samaya pazcAt ve apanI vizAla senA aura 'cakra' nAmaka divyAstra lekara digvijaya ke lie nikale / samasta dezoM tathA samasta rAjAoM ko jItakara ve prathama cakravartI samrAT bane / unhoM ke nAma para samasta dezoM kA sAmUhika nAma 'bharatakSetra' tathA isa deza kA nAma 'bhArata' prasiddha huA / jainazAstroM ke isa kathana kI puSTi anya jainetara purANa tathA zAstra bhI karate haiM / vedoM meM bhagavAn AdinAtha kA nAma RSabha, vRSabha tathA hiraNyagarbha ke rUpa meM bar3e sammAna ke sAtha liyA jAtA haiN| zivapurANa Adi meM RSabha kA caritra varNita hai | bhAgavata ( prathama skaMdha, tRtIya adhyAya ) meM RSabha ko viSNu ke 22 avatAroM meM AThavAM avatAra mAnA gayA hai / yahA~ unake mAtA-pitA kA nAma marudevI aura nAbhirAya hI hai / bAbA Adama aura rasUla islAma dharma ke anusAra manuSyoM ko sanmArga para calAne ke lie bAbA Adama ne dharma kA upadeza diyA / kSullaka pArzvakIrti ( vartamAna nAma elAcArya muni zrI vidyAnandajI ) ne vizvadharma kI rUparekhA ( pR0 38 ) meM likhA hai ki 'Adama' AdinAtha kA apabhraMza rUpa hai / islAma jisa Adi puruSa ko 'Adama' zabda se kahatA hai, vaha bAbA Adama bhagavAn RSabhanAtha hI haiM jinakA apara nAma AdinAtha hai| elAcArya ne kahA hai ki islAmI granthoM meM batAyA gayA hai ki nabI kA beTA rasUla thA jisako khudA ne IzvarIya upadeza janatA taka pahu~cAne ke lie paidA kiyaa| isakA bhI abhiprAya vahI hai ki nabI ( nAbhi ) kA putra ( beTA ) rasUla ( RSabha ) huA jo manuSyoM kA pahalA dharmopadezaka thA / bharata aura bhArata hamAre deza kA nAma bhArata, atyanta prAcIna nAma hai / deza kA yaha nAma bhagavAn AdinAtha ke jyeSTha putra cakravartI bharata ke nAma para pracalita huA hai / isa bAta kA samarthana mArkaNDeyapurANa ( adhyAya 12 ), tathA nAradapurANa ( a0 48 ) Adi kahate haiM / viSNupurANa ( aMza 2 adhyAya 1 ) meM kahA gayA hai ki sau putroM meM sabase bar3A putra bharata RSabha se paidA huaa| usa bharata se isa deza kA nAma bhAratavarSa pdd'aa| bhagavAn RSabha ke jIvana meM, jaina saMskRti ke atirikta bhAratIya saMskRti ke bhI aneka mithakIya tattva pracuratA ke sAtha hameM dikhAI par3ate haiM--jaise, hiraNyagarbha kI kalpanA, brahmA, prajApati aura trizUladhArI, jaTAoM meM gaMgA ko dhAraNa karane vAle, pArvatIpati ziva ke svarUpa, bharata kA nATyazAstra aura bharata nAma kI kalpanA, brAhmIlipi aura aMka vidyA kA prAdurbhAva Adi / isa prakAra jaina tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabha kA jIvana, jaina mithaka ke Adi srota ke rUpa meM to pratiSThita hai hI, bhAratIya mithakoM ke srota ke rUpa meM bhI pratiSThita kiyA jA sakatA hai /

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ajaina nATakakAroM ke hindI nATakoM meM jaina samAja darzana ko avadhAraNA DA0 lakSmInArAyaNa dube hindI - vibhAga, sAgara vizvavidyAlaya jaina samAja darzana kI katipaya Adhunika hindI nATakakAroM ne svIkAra kiyA hai aura jainadarzana ke siddhAntoM ke AdhAra para nATakoM ke mAdhyama se eka navIna samAjasaMracanA kI avadhAraNA prastuta kI hai| jaina- cintana kI samRddha tathA sudIrgha paramparA ke sAmAjika pakSa ko upasthita karane meM kucha ajaina nATakakAroM ne samyak evaM zreSTha kArya kiyA hai| ye nATaka pramANita karate haiM ki nUtana samAja-vidhAna kI kalpanA yahA~ prAmANya hai| kisI bhI vaicArika paramparA dvArA diye gaye Adarzo ko prApta karane ke lie eka vizeSa prakAra ke samAja kI bhI AvazyakatA hotI hai / jaina AdarzoM ke anurUpa jisa samAja kI jarUrata hai unheM hindI nATakoM meM pratipAdana milA hai / hindI nATakoM meM yatra-tatra bikhare samAja darzana ke tattvoM ko ekatra kara jaina samAja sambaMdhI katipaya siddhAntoM kI vivecanA kI jA sakatI hai / vartamAna yuga meM adhyayana karate haiM to hamAre sambaMdhI samasyAoM para ina parakhA jA sakatA hai / mahatva prApta hai / inheM zramaNa saMskRti kI apratima dena ke rUpa vizva do mahAyuddhoM meM prayukta vaijJAnika upakaraNoM se trasta thA samasta saMsAra ke sAmane prastuta kiyA jaina- citana meM satya aura ahiMsA ko aparihArya meM svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa yuga meM jaba samasta taba satya aura ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko, vizva meM zAMti utpanna karane ke lie, gyaa| isameM mahAtmA gAMdhI kI aham evaM aitihAsika bhUmikA rahI hai jo ki svayaM jainadarzana se prabhAvita the / isa siddhAnta kA prabhAva isa yuga ke nATakakAroM para bhI vyApaka rUpa se par3A aura unhoMne isa vicAra ko apane nATakoM meM vivecita kiyA / seTha govindadAsa ke 'vikAsa' nATaka meM yahI pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki samUcI duniyA meM jo pAzavikatA kA sAmrAjya AcchAdita hai, usameM satya aura ahiMsA ke dvArA hI vizvazAMti sthApita ho sakatI haiM, tabhI mAnava sukha se jIvana vyatIta kara sakatA hai / AcArya caturasena zAstrI ne 'meghanAda' nATaka meM satya kI vijaya dikhalAI hai | ahiMsA kI dRSTi se rAdhezyAma kathAvAcaka ke 'maharSi vAlmIki', upendranAtha 'azka' ke 'chaTA beTA' aura udayazaMkara bhaTTa ke 'muktidUta' ke dRSTAnta vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiM / 'muktidUta' nATaka meM yajJa meM bali kA virodha hai / jayazaMkara 'prasAda' ne 'ajAtazatru' meM ahiMsA dharma kI garimA kI ora adhika dhyAna diyA hai / lakSmInArAyaNa mizra ne apane 'vatsarAja' nATaka meM zramaNa ko bhI karmayoga meM dIkSita kiyA hai / nATakoM kA samAjazAstrIya samAjadarzana kI adhika mahattA dI jA rahI hai / jaba hama hindI samakSa suspaSTa rUpa meM, mUlAdhAra ke taura para, jaina darzana bhI ubharane lagatA hai / samAja nATakoM meM jo manana aura samAdhAna milatA hai-use jaina-ciMtana ke pariprekSya meM nirakhA seTha govindadAsa ke 'azoka', viSNu prabhAkara ke 'navaprabhAta', AcArya caturasena zAstro ke 'dharmarAja', DA0 rAjakumAra varmA ke 'vijaya parva' evaM kalA aura kRpANa Adi nATakoM meM ahiMsAtmaka dRSTikoNa kA Akalana kiyA gayA hai / Aja vijJAna kI bar3hatI huI zakti se mAnava trasta hai aura vaha bhaviSya meM hone vAle tRtIya vizvayuddha se bhayabhIta hai | Aja kA vyakti aura samAja isa ciMtA meM haiM ki kisI prakAra isa tIsare mahAsamara kA khatarA Tala jAya aura mAnava zAMtipUrvaka jIvana vyatIta kare / bIsavIM zatAbdI kI sAmrAjya lipsA ne samasta mAnavatA ko trasta kara diyA hai| zAstra hI zakti kA ekamAtra avalamba hai aura usake saMgharSa se manuSyatA ghAyala hokara sisaka rahI hai / isakA ekamAtra upAya yadi koI hai to vaha ahiMsA hai / Aja bhI bhArata apanI videza nIti meM ahiMsAtmaka dRSTikoNa ko vizeSa sthAna de rahA hai / 54

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422 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa DA0 lakSmInArAyaNa lAla ne Adhunika vaijJAnika yuga meM dharma kI mahattA evaM usake svIkAra karane para Avazyaka bala diyA hai / unake 'sUkhA sarovara' nATaka meM rAjya kI samasta prajA dharma viruddha ho gayI aura sarovara ke sUkha jAne para usameM jo AvAja nikatI hai-usameM jaina citana kI sAtvikatA tathA samAjadarzana kI avadhAraNA sarvathA sAMketika ho gayI hai maiM dharmarAja hU~ isa nagarI kA, tuma saba dhIre-dhIre dharmacyuta ho gaye, rAjA se tarka karane lage tuma, rAjA ko vyakti mAnane lage tuma / / dAna-puNya, lokAcAra, dharmAcAra, sabako chor3ate gaye tuma, jo kucha dharma thA, dharmajanita kama thA, sabase, sabakI, saba taraha-daur3ate gaye tuma / sabako ADambara kahA, sabako aMdha jJAna kahA, jJAnI tuma bana gaye, tabhI dharma ne sarovara ko sokha liyaa| Aja ke nATakakAroM ne yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki pAzcAtya sabhyatA ke prabhAva meM Akara Aja kI nayI pIr3hI naitika mUlyoM ke prati AsthAvAn nahIM hai aura unheM naitikatA kA colA vyartha kA jaMjAla pratIta hotA hai / prAcInakAla meM vidyArthI brahmacarya kA pAlana karate the parantu Aja vidyAthiyoM kA naitika patana ho cukA hai| DA. lakSmInArAyaNa lAla ke 'sundara rasa' nATaka meM isI tathya ko rekhAMkita kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ne 'jAgo aura jagAo' kA mantra diyA thA aura ve nArI jAgrati ke purodhA bane / sAMskRtika punarutthAna tathA rASTrIya AMdolana isa AyAma ko sarvAdhika vyApakatA pradAna kiyaa| svAtaMtryottara bhArata meM isa pravRtti kI sampuSTi huii| mahAsatI candanabAlA ko isIlie nATakoM meM bar3I lokapriyatA milii| eka ora tIrthaMkara mahAvIra candanabAlA ko ber3iyoM se mukta karate hue use dAsI-jIvana se chuTakArA dilAte haiM to dUsarI ora vinoda rastogI ke 'naye hAtha' nATaka kI zAlinI kahatI hai-apane samAja meM patnI dAsI kI taraha to hotI hI hai / maiM kisI kI gulAmI nahIM kara sakatI / bhagavAn ne svatantra paidA kiyA hai, phira jAnabUjha kara jaMjIroM se kyoM baMdhU ! __ Aja ke samAja kI pramukha samasyAe~ haiM anaitika sthiti, vighaTana, pArivArika kalaha, mAnasika azAMti, dhArmika dveSa, rAjanItika jhagar3e Adi / TI0 esa0 ilieTa tathA mairila ne likhA hai ki sAmAjika vighaTana usa samaya utpanna hotA hai jaba saMtulana sthApita karane vAlI zaktiyoM meM parivartana hotA hai aura sAmAjika saMracanA isa prakAra TUTane lagatI hai pahale se sthApita navIna paristhitiyoM para lAgU nahIM hote aura sAmAjika niyantraNa ke svIkRta rUpoM kA prabhAva. pUrvaka kAryAnvayana asambhava ho jAtA hai| ___isa pRSThabhUmi meM jainaciMtana ke mudde vyakti ko samaSTiparaka saMsthiti ko sampuSTa karate haiM aura samAja ko apane AdarzoM ke anukUla nayI sthiti pradAna karane ke lie pratibaddha hai| hindI nATakoM meM una jaina tatvoM ko ukerane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai jinheM hama sacamuca Aja samAja kI mUlabhitti ke rUpa meM mAnyatA pradAna kara sakate hai| hindI nATaka jaina samAjadarzana se anuprANita hote hue bhI eka nayI jamIna taiyAra karane meM apanI ahama bhUmikA kA nirvAha karate haiM / jainadarzana se maNDita ye nATaka Adhunika hote hue hI paramparA se sampRkta hai| yahI unake citana kI vizeSatA hai / tIrthaMkaroM tathA jainAcAryoM ke tatvaciMtana ko kathAnaka, pAtra tathA samvAda kI sarasa sthiti pradAna karate hae. ye nATaka sa sAmAjika saMcetanA kI bhUmi banAte haiN| jainaciMtana meM jinheM paMcamahAvrata mAnA gayA hai unheM Aja jIvana mUlya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| vyaktigata mokSa kI sAmAjika paripArzva meM Abaddha karane meM ina nATakoM kI ahamiyata hai|

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airAvata - chabi kundana lAla jaina zrutakuTIra, vizvAsa nagara, dillI "dillI - jina grantha - ratnAvalI' ke lie jaba dillI ke grantha bhaNDAroM kA sarvekSaNa kara rahA thA to kisI guTake meM uparyukta zIrSaka se eka aSTachandI racanA prApta huI, racanA paM0 rUpacandrajI (saM0 1650 ke lagabhaga) ke paMcamaMgala pATha meM se janmamaMgala ke airAvata kI bhA~ti hI gaNita vAlI thI, jise kabhI bacapana meM yAda kiyA thA, upalabdha racanA acchI lagI so apane saMgraha meM sa~jokara rakha lI thI / aba sevA nivRtti ke bAda jaba apanI sAmagrI ko punaH vyavasthita karane kA vicAra AyA to "airAvata - chabi " sahasA hAtha laga gii| cUMki racanA supuSTa aura sundara hai ataH usa para lekha likhane ko soca rahA thA ki sahasA zrI bahAdura candra jI chAvar3A kA lekha "bhAratIya kalA meM hAthI" par3hane meM AyA jisameM unhoMne jAvAdvIpa ke cAya bAgAna eka bar3e bhArI vistRta zilA-khaMDa para vizAla hasti caraNa yugala ke utkIrNa hote kA ullekha kiyA hai aura donoM hasti caraNoM ke bIca saMskRta kI eka paMkti bhI utkIrNa hai jisakA bhAva hai ki "ye hasti caraNa mahArAja pUrNakarman (5vIM sadI) ke hAthI 'jayavizAla' ke haiM jo indra ke airAvata ke samAna vaibhavazAlI evaM AkAra-prakAra vAlA thA" / meM jAvA ke uparyukta purAtattvIya abhilekha ne mastiSka kI nasoM ko aura adhika uddIpta kiyA tathA airAvata para aura adhika adhyayana ke lie prerita huA / upalabdha jIva jagat meM AkAra, zakti Adi kI dRSTi se sAmAnya hAthI bhI bar3A bhArI mAnA jAtA hai, para airAvata kI kalpanA to mAnavAtIta samajhI jAne lagI hai| jarA dhyAna dIjie jaba tIrthaMkara kA janma hotA hai to saudharmendra kA Asana kaMpita hotA hai aura vaha avadhi jJAna se tIrthaMkara kI avatAraNA ko jAnakara bhI pAMDuka zilA para abhiSeka ke lie le jAne ko mAyAmayI airAvata kI racanA karatA hai, jo AkAra meM eka lAkha yojanA kA lambA caur3A hotA hai, usake bar3e-bar3e vizAla sau mukha hote haiM, jinameM se pratyeka mukha meM ATha-ATha dA~ta hote haiM, hara eka dA~ta para eka-eka bar3A bhArI sarovara hotA hai / pratyeka sarovara meM eka sau paccIsa, 125 kamilinI hotI hai aura pratyeka kamilinI para paccIsa-paccIsa kamala hote haiM aura pratyeka kamala meM 108-109 paMkhur3iyoM hotI haiN| aura pratyeka paMkhuDI para eka-eka apsarA nRtya karatI haiM / isa taraha 27 karor3a nRtya karatI huI apsarAoM sahita airAvata para bhagavAn ko biThA kara saudharmendra pAMDuka zilA para jAtA hai aura abhiSeka karatA hai | isa gaNita vAle airAvata kI carcA paM0 rUpacandajI va zrI navalazAha jo vardhamAnapurANa ke karttA haiM ne hindI meM kI hai jo lagabhaga saM0 1650 ke AsapAsa vidyamAna the, aisA hI varNana nimna 'airAvata chabi ' meM bhI hai para puttATa saMghIya zrI jinasenAcArya ne apane "harivaMzapurANa" meM saMskRta meM tathA zrI puSpadanta ne apane "mahApurANa' meM apabhraMza meM kevala alaMkArika zailI meM hI airAvata kA varNana kiyA hai jo kavi sammata lagatA hai / inakA samaya 8vIM 9vIM sadI hai| zrI jinasenAcArya ke airAvata kI chabi dekhie : tatazcaMdrAvadAtAM gamindrastugamataMgajaM / zRMgaughamiva hemAdrermuktAdho madanirjharaM // karNAMtaratAzaktaraktacAmarasaMtati / taM yathAdhityakAdhIn raktAzokamahAvanaM // suvarNarikSayAcorvyAM paribeSTitavigrahaM / tameva ca yathopAtta kanatkanakamekhalaM //

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[khaNDa 424 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha anekaradarsavRtya nRtyasaMgIta poSitaM / tamivottuMgazRMgAgra nRtyaGgAyatsurAgarna / suvRttadIrghasaMcAri kararuddhadigantaraM / tamivAtyAyati sthUla sphuradbhoga bhujaMgamaM / / aizAna dhArita sphIta dhavalA tapa vaarnnN| tamivodhvasthitAbhyarNa saMpUrNazazimaNDalaM // cAmarendrabhujotkSidraM calaccAmarahAriNaM / taM yathAcamarI kSipta bAlavyaJjana vIjitaM / airAvataM samAropya jinendraM tasya maNDana / devaiH saha gatA prApta maMdaraM sa purandaraH / / AcArya jinasena ke zabdoM meM hI anyatra : saudharmendrastadAruDho gajAnIkAdhipaM gajaM / airAvataM vikUrvANamAkAzAkAravadvapuH // prodaMSTrAMtara visphaarikraasphaaritpusskrN| prodvaMzAMkuramadhyodyad bhogIndramiva bhUdhara // karNacAmarazaMkhAMka kakSanakSatramAlinaM / balAkA haMsa vidyudbhiriva tAtaM yahatyathaM // ArUr3ha vAnareNendrANAmindrANAM nibahairyutaH / janmakSetraM jinasyAsau pavitraM prAptayAm suraiH / / apabhraMza ke vikhyAta kavi bibudha zrIdhara (saM0 1989) ke zabdoM meM airAvata kI alaMkRti pUrNa sundara chabi kA rasAsvAdana kIjie : cittio mahAkarInduM dANaM pINiyAli vaMdu / sovi takkhaNe pahuttu cAru lakkhAmi junu / lakkha joyaNappamANu kacchamAliyA samANu / bhUsaNaM subhAsamAju sIyarAi mellamANu / uddha suMDa dhAvamANu NIrahI va gajjamANu / danta dotti dIvayAsu diggaidaM dina tAsu / sAtharabbha kUra bhAsu puuriyaamresraasu| kumbhachitta voma siMgu kaNNavAya dhUva liMgu / devayA maNoharaMtu sAmiNo puro saraM tu / taM nievi hari ANaMdu kari tahi Aruhiyau jAvehiM / avara vi amara paDiya umara caliya sapariyaNa tAhi // hindI ke ajJAta kavi ko airAvata-chabi kA rasapAna kIjie jo isa lekha kA mUla lakSya hai :chappaya chanda-jojana laccha racau arApati vadanu eka sau basa radadhAra / daMta-daMta para eka sarovara surapati padmani paJca satAra // (125) padmani padama paccIsa virAjai dala rAjai vasu sata niradhAra / koTi sattAIsa dala dala Upara racai apacharA nacai apAra // 1 // hAva bhAva vibhrama vilAsa zruta khar3I agari gAvai gaMdhAra / tAla mRdaMga kikinI kaTi para paga nevara bAjai jhaMkAra // naina bA~surI mukha khaMjarI caMga upaMga bajai saba nAra // koTi sattAIsa0 2 // sIsa phUla sIsana ke Upara paga nupura bhUpara siMgAra / kesa kumakuma agara agarajA malayA subhaga lyAi ghanasAra // calani ha~sani bolani citavani kari rati ke rUpa kiyA parihAra // kotti03|| hIa Asana sukhakIya pAsanA mukha phUla kamilinI kI unahAra / aMga upaMga kAMti ati lakhi kari mana mathatI asanAna kI unahAra // indra vindra sabake mana mohai sohai saba lacchina subha sAra // koTi. sattAIsa 4 //

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airAvata-chabi 425 dama dama damakata dasana dipaMtI daMdana vaMtI daMdana dhAra / jhamajhama jhamakati jhijhika jhakaMto jhaMkanavaMtI jhaMkana kAra // naga namana karatI matI caratI pani bhAratI jina bhaMDAra // koTi sattAIsa0 5 // camacama camakatI carana calaMtI candanavantI caMcala nAra / chama chama chama kaMtI chaTi chehai ratI chinaki nihAra / / nami nami ucaraMtI namana karatI naina dharatI nasa parihAra // koTi sttaaiis06|| prathama indra danti keUra tana prasanna mana parama udaar| ATha mahAdevI kari maMDita eka lAkha valIvi kalAra / / mukuTa AdibhUvana bhUSita tana suranara sira sohai siradAra // koTi sattAIsa0 7 // kaMda iMdu ujjila utaMga tana nAma daMta nAma gaja sAla / ghaMTA ghanaghana nata dhanana ghana ghanana nanana bAjai ghaMTAra / / kinini ninini kikini raTaMti chadra ghaMTa kAri TaMkAra / kAmadeba chabi karaga indramukha racai apcharA nacai apAra // 8 // koTi sattAIsa dala dala Upara racai apcharA nacai apAra / / 1008 paM0 rUpacandra jI aura kavi navala zAha ne bhI 27 karor3a apsarAoM vAle ( mukha - data aura sarovara x kamalinI , kamala paMkhur3iyA aura 125 x 25 x 62 aura apsarA + 27 karor3a apparA ) airAvata kA sundara padAvaliyoM meM varNana kiyA hai usakI bhI chaTA dekha lIjie :- kavi navala zAha (saM0 165) ke zabdoM meM :"jojana lAkha airAvata bhayau sau mukha tAsa dazoM dizi Thayau / mukha mukha prati vasu danta dhareha danta danta ika ika saraleha / sara sara mA~hi kamilinI jAna savAsau hai paramAna / kamilinI prati prati kamala bakhAna te pacIsa pacIsahiM jAna / kamala kamala prali dala saubhaMta aSTottara zata hai vikasaMta / dala prati eka apsarA jAna saba sattAIsa koTi pramAna / tA gaja pai Arur3ha ju indra aru saba saMga indrANi vanda / isI taraha paM0 rUpacanda jI AgarA (saM0 1684) kI padAvalI nirakhie :dhanarAja taba gajarAja mAyAmayI niramaya Aniyo / jojana lAkha gayaMda badana sau niramaye / vadana vadana vasu daMta, daMta sara saMThaye / sara sara saupana bIsa kamilinI chaajhiiN| kamilini kamilinI kamala pacIsa virAjahi / rArjAi kamilinI kamala aThottara sau manohara dala bane / dala dalahiM apachara naTahiM natraraja hAva bhAva suhAvane / maNi kanaka kikiNi vara vicitra su amara maNDapa sohaye / dhana ghaMTa dhujA patAkA dekhi tribhuvana mana mohaye / isa taraha hamane sAhityika dRSTi se airAvata (hAthI) kI vivecanA kA rasapAna kiyA aba sAMskRtika dRSTi se bhI hAthI ke mahatva kA aMkana kreN| bhAratIya janajIvana meM hAtho kA bar3A bhArI mahatva rahA hai / isIlie siMdhughATo evaM har3appA ke purAvazeSoM ke utkhanana meM prApta sIloM para aMkita hAthI ke cihna hameM bhArata meM pAMca hajAra varSa kI prAcInatA taka hAthI ke astitva kA bAdha karAte haiN| bhAratIya cintana paramparA meM hAthI eka sAmAnya pazu yA gharelU prANI nahIM hai apitu mAnavIya guNoM kI sambhAvanA se yukta eka zreSThatama pratIka samajhA jAtA hai| bhAratIyoM ne hAthI meM zakti, sabhyatA, buddhi, pratibhA, bhakti, sneha, sAhasa, dhairya, vaibhava, netRtva, tyAga, apanatva, zraddhA, vizvAsa Adi aneka mAnavIya guNoM ke darzana kie haiN| isIlie prAcIna bhArata kI senA kI sarvazreSTha zakti AMkI gaI thI aura senA ke sabhI kAryoM meM hAthI kA

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426 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa pracuratA se prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| "hastyAyurveda" nAmaka vaidyaka grantha kI racanA isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki bhAratIya jana-jIvana meM hAthI kA kitanA adhika mUlya evaM mahatva thaa| hasti-senA bhAratIya caturaMga senA kA eka abhinna aMga thI, isakA bhAratIya jIvana meM itanA adhika pracAra-prasAra huA ki yaha 'caturaMga' zabda dhIre-dhIre "zataraMja" nAma se bhAratIyoM meM mukharita ho uThA jo buddhi aura pratibhA kA dyotaka eka sarvazreSTha bhAratIya khela hai| zataraMja khela vizuddha bhAratIya khela hai| dhArmika dRSTi se bhI hAthI bhAratIya jana samUha meM adhika pUjya aura AdaraNIya mAnA jAtA hai / ziva aura pArvatI ke putra gaNeza jI gajAnana aura gajavaktra ke nAma se pukAre jAte haiN| gaNeza jI kA muMha dIghaM suMDa yukta hastimukha mukha hai| gaNeza jI svastika kI bhAMti kalyANadAyaka aura zubha sUcaka haiM / ataH hara maMgala kArya ke prArambha meM sarvaprathama unakA hI puNya-smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai tathA svastika cihna aMkita kiyA jAtA hai jisase kArya nirvighna sampanna ho| bauddha jAtakoM se jJAta hotA hai ki jaba zizu buddha kA garbhAvataraNa huA thA to mAtA mAyA devI ne svapna meM sapheda hAthI dekhA thA. jo yoni mArga se unake garbha meM praviSTa huA aura usI ne buddha kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA / mAyA ke lie gajalakSmI zabda kA bhI prayoga hotA hai| jo hAthI se hI jur3A huA lakSmI kA citra prAyaH do hAthiyoM dvArA maMgala-kalaza saMDa dvArA lekara abhiSeka sA karatA haA dikhAyA jAtA hai| jaina sAhitya meM bhI tIrthaGkara ko mAtA tIrthaGkara ke janma se pUrva solaha yA caudaha svapna dekhatI hai jinameM eka hAthI bhI hotA hai aura vahI sapheda hAthI mAtA ke maMha praviSTa hotA haA dikhAyA jAtA hai jisase jJAta hotA hai ki tIrthaGkura kA garbhAvataraNa ho cukA hai| gajendra mokSa kI kathA prAyaH sabhI dharmoM ke granthoM meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM avazya pAI jAtI hai / jAtakoM meM prayukta 'SaDdanta' zabda hAthI kI vizAlatA kA dyotaka hai / jainAcAryoM ne jambU-dvIpa ko sAta kSetroM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai, jisake prathama kSetra kA nAma bharata aura antima kSetra kA nAma airAvata diyA hai, lagatA hai airAvata zabda vizAlatA kA sUcaka hai| isIlie kSetra kI vizAlatA ko dikhAne ke lie hI airAvata kA prayoga kiyA gayA ho yahA~ aura bharata kSetra meM utsapiNI aura avasapiNI kAla kA prabhAva rahatA hai zeSa pA~ca kSetroM meM kAloM kA prabhAva nahIM hotA / bharata airAvata meM karmabhUmi hotI hai / himavana mahAhimavana Adi chaH parvatoM ke AyatAkAra vistAra se jambUdvIpa sAta khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hotA hai / araba sAgara meM bambaI ke geTa ve oNpha iNDiyA ke pAsa samudra meM hAthI guphA (Elephanta caves) hasti gaurava kI pratIka hai jo buddhakAlIna mAnI jAtI hai| samrATa khAravela kA ur3IsA ke khaNDagiri udayagiri sthita hAthI guphA prastara lekha purAtatva kI bahumalya dharohara mAnI jAtI hai| prAcIna kAla meM hAthI prAyaH hara sampanna vyakti ke ghara kI zobhA bar3hAyA karatA thA, rAjA mahArAjAoM ke yahA~ to saikar3oM kI saMkhyA meM huA karate the, para aba isa vijJAna ke yuga meM jahA~ jeTa vimAna, TaiMka, rovarTa kA AviSkAra ho gayA hai vahA~ hAthI kI upayogitA kama ho gaI hai| phira bhI paryAparaNa ke santulana (Ecological Balance) evaM saMrakSaNa hetu jaMgalI jIvana ko protsAhita kiyA jA rahA hai, isalie prativarSa karnATaka rAjya meM 'kher3A" kA Ayojana kiyA jAtA hai jisameM jaMgalI hAthiyoM ko pakar3akara pAlatU banAyA jAtA hai jisase ve bhAratIya jana-jIvana ke lie upayogI siddha hoN| isa taraha airAvata (hAthI) kA bhAratIya jana-jIvana meM sAhityika, dhArmika, Arthika, sAskRtika, purAtattvIya, aitihAsika Adi anekoM dRSTiyoM se bar3A bhArI bahumUlya mahattva rahA hai aura Aja bhI vidyamAna hai tathA bhaviSya meM bhI isakA astitva aisA hI akSuNNa banA rahe / aisI kAmanA hai / iti zam

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apabhraMza ke khaNDa aura muktaka kAvyoM kI vizeSatAe~ DaoN0 Aditya pracaNDiyA 'dIti' maMgala- kazala, alIgar3ha apabhraMza kA bhAratIya vAGmaya meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / ' prasiddha bhASAvidoM kA mata haiM ki apabhraMza prAkRta kI antima avasthA hai| chaThIM zatI se lekara gyArahavIM zatI taka isakA dezavyApI vikAsa parilakSita hotA hai / apabhraMza bhASA kA lAlitya, zailIgata sarasatA aura bhAvoM ke sundara vinyAsa kI ora vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkarSita huA hai / cariu, mahAkAvya, khaNDakAvya tathA muktaka kAvyoM se apabhraMza vAGmaya kA bhaNDAra bharA par3A hai / yahA~ hama apabhraMza ke khaNDa tathA muktaka kAvyoM kI vizeSatAoM kA saMkSepa meM adhyayana kareMge / apabhraMza ke mahAkAvyoM meM nAyaka ke samagra jIvana kA citra upasthita na karake usake eka bhAga kA citra aMkita kiyA jAtA haiM / " kAvyopayukta sarasa aura sundara varNana mahAkAvya aura khaNDakAvya donoM meM hI upalabdha hote haiM / apabhraMza meM aneka cariu grantha isa prakAra ke haiM jinameM kisI mahApuruSa kA caritra kisI eka dRSTi se hI aMkita kiyA gayA hai / aise caritra citraNa meM kavi kI dhArmika bhAvanA kI abhivyakti huI hai / apabhraMza meM dhArmika bhAvanA ke atirikta aneka khaNDakAvya aise bhI upalabdha haiM jinameM dhArmika carcA ke lie koI mahattva nahIM diyA gayA hai| dhArmika bhAvanA ke pracAra kI dRSTi se likhe gaye kAvyoM meM sAhityika rUpa aura kAvyatva adhika prasphuTita nahIM ho sakA hai / isa prakAra ke kAvya hameM do rUpoM meM upalabdha hote haiM eka to ve kAvya jo zuddha aihilaukika bhAvanA se prerita kisI laukika jIvana se sambaMddha ghaTanA ko aMkita karate haiM, dUsare ve kAvya aitihAsika tattvoM se paripUrNa haiM jisameM dhArmika yA paurANika nAyaka ke sthAna para kisI rAjA ke guNoM aura parAkrama kA varNana hai aura usI kI prazaMsA meM kavi ne samUce kAvya kI racanA kI hai isa dRSTi se apabhraMza vAGmaya meM tIna prakAra ke khaNDakAvya prastuta haiM-yathA / (i) zuddha dhArmika dRSTi se likhe gae kAvya, jinameM kisI dhArmika yA paurANika mahApuruSoM ke caritra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / (ii) dhArmika dRSTikoNa se rahita aihilaukika bhAvanA se yukta kAvya, jinameM kisI laukika ghaTanA kA varNana hai / (iii) dhArmika yA sAmpradAyika bhAvanA se rahita kAvya, jisameM kisI rAjA ke carita kA varNana hai / ki eka bAra tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne apabhraMza vAGmaya meM prathama prakAra ke khaNDakAvya pracuratA se milate haiM / 'NAyakumAra ceriu' puSpadaMta dvArA racita hai jisameM nau sandhiyA~ haiM / sarasvatI vandanA se kathA prArambha hotI hai / kavi magadha deza ke rAjagRha aura vahA~ ke rAjA zreNika kA kAvyamaya zailI meM varNana kara batalAtA hai aura vahA~ ke rAjA zreNika unakI abhyarthanA meM upasthita hue pUchA / mahAvIra ke ziSya gautama unake AdezAnusAra vrata se meM abhivyakta kiyA hai / / gRharAja meM bihAra kiyA paMcamI vrata kA mAhAtmya sarala tathA subodha zailI unhoMne tIrthaGkara mahAvIra se zruta sambaddha kathA kahate haiM, jise kavi ne kavi puSpadanta dvArA racita cAra sandhiyoM / sarga kA 'jasaharacariu' nAmaka khaNDakAvya hai suvikhyAta kathA yazodharacarita ko kAvyAyita kiyA gayA hai / kavi se pUrva aneka jaina kaviyoM ne carita ko abhivyaJjita kiyA hai; vAdirAja kRta yazodhara carita isa dRSTi se ullekhanIya kAvyakRti hai / kavivara mayanandI kRta 'sudaMsaNacariu' dvAdaza saMdhiyoM meM racita khaNDakAvya hai / pratyeka saMdhi kI puSpikA meM kavi ne apane guru kA nAma liyA hai| 'vItarAgAya namaH' se maMgalAcaraNa prArambha huA hai / tadanantara eka dina kavi mana meM socatA hai ki sukavitva, tyAga aura pauruSa se saMsAra meM yaza phailatA haiM / sukavi meM maiM akuzala hU~, karane kI sthiti meM nahIM hU~ aura rahA vIratA pradarzana kA so eka tapasvI ke lie upayukta nahIM / jisameM jaina jagat kI saMskRta kAvya meM isa ghanahIna hone se tyAga aisI paristhiti meM bhI

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428 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda granthaM [ khaNDa mujhameM yaza aiSaNA vidyamAna hai astu meM jina zakti ke anusAra aisA kAvya racatA hU~ jo paddhaDiyA chanda meM nibaddha hai | kAvya meM jina stavana karane se sArI bAdhAyeM visarjita ho jAtI haiM / isake atirikta muni kanakAmara viracita dasa sandhiyoM meM 'karakaNDa cariu', padakIrti viracita aThAraha sandhiyoM kA 'pAsa cariu', zrIdhara racita bAraha sandhiyoM kA 'pAsaNAhacariu', SaT sandhiyoM meM 'sukumAlacariu', dhanapAla' praNIta 'bhavisayattakahA' jisameM zrutapaMcamI vrata aura usake mAhAtmya kA vivecana ullikhita hai / devasena gaNi viracita aThAisa sandhiyoM kA 'sulocanAcariu', haribhadra viracita 'sanaskumAracariu'; kavi lakkhaNa kRta gyAraha sandhiyoM meM 'jinadattacariu ' ; lakhamadeva kRna cAra sandhiyoM kA 'nemiNAhacariu ' ; dhanapata racita aThAraha sandhiyoM kA 'bAhubalicariu'; yazakIrti kRta gyAraha sandhiyoM kA 'candappaha cariu'; raidhU kRta 'sukosalacariu', pApaNAhacariu, 'dhaNNakumAracariu' tathA bhagavatI dAsa viracita 'migAMka lekhAcariu' Adi cariu grantha apabhraMza vAGmaya meM vikhyAta haiM / " yadi koI premakathA hai to vaha vyaJjita hai to vaha bhI usI AvaraNa se karanA ina kaviyoM ko iSTa rahA hai / otaprota khaNDakAvyoM kI racanA apabhraMza upayaMGkita cariu-khaNDakAvyoM ke kathAnakoM meM dhArmika tattvoM kI pradhAnatA hai / bhI dhArmika AvaraNa se AvRtta hai / yadi kisI kathA meM sAhasa tathA zaurya vRtti AvRtta hai / isa prakAra ina vivecya khaNDakAvyoM meM dhArmika dRSTikoNa kA pratipAdana dharmasApekSa khaNDakAvyoM ke atirikta katipaya dharma-nirapekSa laukika prema bhAvanA se vAGmaya meM upalabdha haiM / ye kAvya-jana samAja ke sacce lekhe haiM / inameM vibhinna rUpoM meM varNita sAmAjika svarUpa tathA mAnava kI lokamUlaka kriyAoM aura vibhinna dRzyoM ke sundara citra prApta hote haiM / " isa dRSTi se zrI addahamANa kA 'sandezarAsaka' eka saphala khaNDakAvya hai / samagra apabhraMza vAGmaya meM yahI eka aisA kAvya hai jisakI racanA eka musalamAna kavi dvArA huI hai / kavi kA bhAratIya rItyAnubhava, sAhityika tathA kAvyazAstrIya nikaSa naipuNya prastuta khaNDakAvya meM pramANita hotA hai / 'sandeza rAsaka' eka sandezakAvya hai / anya khaNDakAvyoM kI bhA~ti isakA kathAnaka sandhiyoM meM vibhakta nahIM hai / isakI kathA tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hai jise 'prakrama' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai / isameM do so teisa pada haiM / prathama prakrama prastAvanA rUpa meM hai / dvitIya prakrama se vAstavika kathA prArambha hotI haiM aura tRtIya prakrama meM SaDaRtu varNana hai / vidyApati racita 'kIrtilatA' eka aitihAsika carita kAvya hai jisameM kavi ne apane prathama AzrayadAtA kIrtisiMha kA yazogAna kiyA hai | apabhraMza vAGmaya meM isa prakAra kA eka mAtra yahI kAvya upalabdha hai / carita kAvyoM ke sAtha hI apabhraMza meM aneka aise muktaka kAvyoM" kI racanA bhI huI haiM jinameM kisI vyakti vizeSa ke jIvana kA ullekha huA haiM / aisI kRtiyoM meM dharmopadeza kA prAdhAnya hai / ye racanAyeM mukhyatayA jainadharma, bauddhadharmaM tayA siddhoM ke siddhAntoM se anuprANita haiM / apabhraMza meM racita muktaka kRtiyoM ko nimnaphalaka meM vyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai-yathA apabhraMza muktaka kAvya | dhArmika J | jainadharma sambandhI | AdhyAtmika | Adhibhautika siddhAnta pratipAdaka sAhityika ( prema, zRGgAra, vIra rasAdi sambandhI | bauddhadharma sambandhI J | khaNDana-maNDanAtmaka

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apabhraMza ke khaNDa aura muktaka kAvyoM kI vizeSatAe~ 429 jainadharma para AdhArita muktaka kAvyoM jA jahA~ taka prazna hai pahile yahA~ AdhyAtmika kAvyoM kI carcA kreNge| AdhyAtmika racanA karane vAle kavi prAyaH jaina dharmAvalambI hI haiN| isa prakAra ke kAvyoM meM jainadharma kI jo abhivyaJjanA huI hai, usameM dhArmika saMkIrNatA, kaTTaratA aura anya dharmoM ke prati vidveSa bhAvanA ke abhidarzana nahIM hote| ina kaviyoM kA lakSya manuSya ko sadAcArI banAkara usake jIvana stara ko UMcA UThAkara zreyaskara banAnA thaa| inameM bAhya AcAra, kama-kalApa, tIrthayAtrA vrata Adi kI upekSA jIvana meM sadAcAra evaM Antarika zuddhi ke kie prerita kiyA hai| inhoMne batAyA ki paramatatva isI zarIra-maMdira meM sambhava hai aura usI kI upAsanA se mAnava zAzvata sukha ko prApta kara sakatA hai| apabhraMza ke ina kaviyoM kA jIvana dhArmika thaa| ye pahale santa the pIche kavi / inake kAvya meM bhAvoM kI pradhAnatA rahI hai aura kalApakSa vastutaH gauNa hai| kavivara yogIndra kRta 'paramAtma-prakAza' tathA 'yogasAra' nAmaka kAvya vikhyAta haiN| ina kAvyoM meM kavi ne bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA hai sAtha hI paramAtmA ke dhyAna para bala diyA hai| sAMsArika bandhanoM tathA pApa-tuNyoM ko tyAga kara AtmadhyAna lIna hI mokSa ko prApta kara sakatA hai| muni rAmasiMha racita 'dohApAhuDa' jisameM adhyayana cintana hai, apabhraMza kA AdhyAtmika kAvya hai / kavi ne isa vikhyAta racanA meM AtmAnubhUti aura sadAcaraNa ke vinA karmakANDa kI nissAratA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| saccAsukha, indriyanigraha AtmadhyAna meM vidyamAna hai / isake atirikta suprabhAcArya kRta "vairAgyasAra" Adi ullekhanIya muktaka kAvya upalabdha hai| dvitoya koTi meM Adhibhautika racanAe~ parigaNita kI jA sakatI hai, jinameM sarvasAdhAraNa ke lie nIti, sadAcAra sambandhI dharmopadezoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isa dRSTi se devasena kRta 'sAvayadhammadohA' jisameM AdhyAtma vivecana ke sAtha zrAvakoM, gRhasthoM ke lie AcAra saMhitA kA pratipAdana huA hai / graMthArambha meM maMgalAcaraNa hai sAtha hI khalavaMdanA bhI hai / isakA aparanAma 'zrAvakAcAra dohaka' bhI hai| jinadattasUri kRta 'upadesa rasAyanarAsa' mahattvapUrNa kRti hai jinameM kavi ne AtmoddhAra se manuSya janma saphala hone kI bAta kahI hai| somaprabhAcArya kRta 'dvAdazabhAvanA' nAmaka kAvya graMtha meM sAMsArika anityatA aura kSaNabhaMguratA kA samyak vivecana huA hai / 'saMyamamaMjarI' mahezvara sUri viracita 35 dohoM kI choTo kRti ullekhanIya hai / isake atirikta 31 padyoM kI laghu racanA 'cUnaDI' bhaTTAraka vinayacandra muni racita hai| isameM kavi ne dhArmika bhAvanAoM aura sadAcAroM se raMgI huI cUnar3I or3hane kA saMketa diyA hai| ___ jaina kaviyoM kI bhA~ti buddha, siddhoM dvArA bhI apabhraMza meM muktaka kAvyoM kI racanA huI hai / siddhoM ke aneka dohoM aura gItoM kA saMgraha rAhula jI dvArA sampAdita 'hindI kAvyadhArA' meM prApta hai / viSaya kI dRSTi se use do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai-yathA (i) siddhAnta pratipAdanavAlI rcnaaeN| (ii) karmakANDa kA khaNDana karane vAlI rcnaaeN| kAvyakalA kI dRSTi se siddha kaviyoM kI racanAe~ cAhe adhika mahattva kI na ho tathApi unaka kathya apanA sthAI mahattva rakhatA hai aisI racanAoM ke dvArA cAhe prANI meM Anandodreka na hotA ho tathApi jAgatika unmArga se sanmArga kI ora samyak preraNA hotI / sarahapA, luIyA, kANhapA tathA sAntipA nAmaka siddha kaviyoM dvArA aneka muktaka kAvyoM kI racanA huI hai| apabhraMza vAGmaya meM vividha sAhityika muktaka kAvyoM kI racanA bhI draSTavya hai| aise muktaka kAvyoM kA kathya sAdhAraNa jIvana kI ghaTanAoM aura caryAoM para AdhArita hai| ye muktaka prabandha kAvyoM meM cAraNa, gaupa Adi pAtroM dvArA subhASitoM aura sUktiyoM ke rUpa meM vyavahRta hai / jahA~ taka subhASita rUpa meM prApta muktaka padyoM kA prazna hai unake aghidAni nimna racanAoM meM sahaja ho jAte haiM-yathA ,

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430 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa 1-vikramorvazIya nATya caturtha aMka ( kaalidaas)| 2-prAkRtavyAkaraNa ( hemacandra kRt)| 3-kumArapAlapratibodha ( somprbhaacaary)| 4-prabandhacintAmaNi ( merutuNgaacaary)| 5-prabandhakoza ( rAjazekhara ) / 6-prAkRta paiMgalam / inake atirikta dhvanyAloka (AnandavarddhanakRta), kAvyAlaMkAra (rudraTkRta), sarasvatI kANThAbharaNa (bhojakRta), dazalapaka (dhanaMjaya kRta) alaMkAra graMthoM meM bhI katipaya apabhraMza ke padya upalabdha hote haiM / ina padoM zRMgAra, vIra, vairAgya, nIti-subhASita, prakRticitraNa, anyokti, rAjA yA kisI aitihAsika pAtra kA ullekha Adi viSaya aMkita hue haiN| ina padyoM meM kAvyatva hai, rasa hai, camatkAra hai aura hRdaya ko sparza karane kI apUrva kSamatA hai| uparyaGkita vivecana ke AdhAra para yaha sahaja meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki carita tathA prabandha-kAvyoM ke atirikta apabhraMza kA khaNDa tathA muktaka-kAvya bhAva tathA kalA kI dRSTi se kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| sAhitya ke unnayana ke lie apabhraMza vAGmaya ke svAdhyAya kI Aja parama AvazyakatA hai / sandarbha-saMketa 1-nATyazAstra 18182 2-(i) bhArata kA bhASA sarvekSaNa, DaoN. griyarsana, 243 / purAnI hindI kA janmakAla, zrI kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla, nA0pra0 sa0, bhAga 8, aMka 2 / (iii) apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya, DaoN. devendra kumAra jaina, pRSTha 23-25 / / 3-(i) hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, AcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI pRSTha 20-21 / (ii) tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga 4, DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI, pRSTha 93 / 4-apabhraMza ke khaNDa aura muktaka kAvyoM kI vizeSatAeM, Aditya pracaNDiyA 'dIti', ahiMsAvANI, mArca-apraila 1977 I0, pRSTha 65-67 / 5-hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana, bhAga 2. nemicandra jaina. paSTha 24 / 6-bhavisayattakahA kA sAhityika mahattva, DaoN0 Aditya pracaNDiyA 'dIti', jainavidyA, dhanapAla aMka, pRSTha 29 / 7-apabhraMzasAhitya, harivaMzakochar3a, paSTha 129 / 8-dhanapAla nAma ke tIna kavi, janasAhitya aura itihAsa, paM0 nAthUrAma premI, pRSTha 467 / 9-apabhraMza kAvya paramparA aura vidyApati, DaoN0 ambAdatta panta, pRSTha 249 / 10-sAhitya sandeza, varSa 16, aMka 3, pRSTha 90-93 / 11-(1) dhvanyAloka 3 / 7 / (ii) kAvyamImAMsA, pRSTha 114 / 12-jaina zodha aura samIkSA, DaoN. premasAgara jaina, pRSTha 58-59 / 13-hindI sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, DaoN0 rAmakumAra varmA, pRSTha 83 / 14-saMskRta TIkA ke sAtha jainasiddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 16, kiraNa disambara 1949 I0 chapA hai| 15-jaina zodha aura samIkSA, DaoN. premasAgara jaina, pRSTha 60 / 16 -kumArapAla pratibodha, pRSTha 311 / 17-apabhraMza sAhitya, harivaMza kochar3a, pRSTha 295 / 18-jaina hindI sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, zrI kAmatA prasAda jaina pRSTha 7. /

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jaina kaviyoM dvArA racita hindI kAvya meM pratIka-yojanA vidyAvAridhi DA0 mahendra sAgara pracaMDiyA DI0 liT0, alIgar3ha hindI kA Adima srota apabhraMza kI koDa meM nihita hai| kAvyAbhivyakti ke antara-bAhya tattvoM kA avataraNa apabhraMza se hindI meM huA hai| kAvya meM pratIkoM kI apanI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hotI hai| jaina kaviyoM dvArA racita hindI kAvya meM pratIka-yojanA viSayaka saMkSepa meM carcA karanA hameM yahA~ mUlataH Ipsita rahA hai| vaiyyAkaraNoM ne pratIka zabda kI vyutpatti karate hue spaSTa kiyA hai-pratyeti pratIyate vA iti pratIkaH prati iN / alIkAdivyazca iti aunAdik sUtrAt sAdhuH, Azaya yaha hai ki yaha zabda pratiupasargapUrvaka iN (gatau) dhAtu se uNAdi niSpanna zabda hai| isa zabda kI vyutpatti kucheka manISiyoM ne pratipUrvaka ik dhAtu se niSpanna mAnI hai aura artha kiyA hai-AtmA kI ora pravartana / jisa mUrta vastu ko kisI amUrta vastu ke abhijJAna ke nimitta upasthita kiyA jAtA hai, use vastutaH pratIka kahate haiN| varya-viSaya ke bhAva athavA guNa kI samatA rakhane vAle vAha cihnoM kI pratIka kahate haiM / pratIka zabda kA prayoga usa dRzya athavA gocara vastu ke lie kiyA jAtA hai jo kisI adRzya athavA aprastuta viSaya kA prti-vidhaa| usake sAtha apane sAhacarya ke kAraNa karatI hai athavA kahA jA sakatA hai ki kisI anya stara kI samAnurUpa vastu dvArA kisI anya stara ke viSaya kA pratinidhitva karAne vAlI vastu pratIka hai| isa vivecana se pratIka zabda hamAre vivecya viSaya meM sahAyaka bnegaa| prakRti kroDa se gRhIta ina pratIkoM ko indriyagamya kahA jAtA hai| inake dvArA amUrta bhAvanAeM spaSTa rUpa se abhivyakta haA karatI hai aura unakA artha-prabhAva dUragAmI hotA hai| rasasiddha kaviyoM dvArA aise amRtaM bhAvarUpoM ko pratIkoM dvArA mUrtAyita kiyA jAtA hai ki indriyoM dvArA unakA sajIva tathA spaSTa pratyakSIkaraNa sahaja-sugama ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra pratIkoM ke saptama prayoga se amUrta bhAvanAoM kA talasparzI gambhIra prabhAva pAThaka athavA zrotA para sahaja meM par3A karatA hai| upamA, rUpaka, atizayokti tathA sAropA aura sAdhyavasAnA lakSaNA ke dvArA pratIkoM kA paripoSaNa huA karatA hai| sAropA lakSaNA upamAna tathA upameya eka samAna adhikaraNa vAlI bhUmikA meM vartamAna rakhate haiN| sAdhyavasAnA meM upameya kA upamAna ke antarbhAva ho jAtA hai / sAdRzyamUlaka sAropA lakSaNA kI bhUmikA para rUpaka alaMkAra dvArA pratIka vidhAna AdhRta hotA hai tathA sAdRzyamUlaka sAdhyavasAnA kI bhUmikA para atizayokti alaMkAra ke mAdhyama se pratIka sthira kie jAte haiN| isa prakAra ina pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se abhivyakta bhAva-sampadA kI gambhIratA aura utkRSTatA kA sandhAna sampanna hotA hai / mUrta aura amUrta bhAvanAoM kI abhivyakti vibhUti ko vikasita karane kA mukhyataH zreya vyavahRta pratIkoM para nirbhara karatA hai| pratIka yojanA kI sapakSatA pratIkoM ke svAbhAvika artha-bodha para AdhArita hai| aisA na hone para vyavahRta pratIka hamAre hRdaya ke Antarika rAgoM evaM bhAvoM ko prabhAvita karane meM asamartha rahate haiN| isa prakAra bhAvAbhivyaMjanA ke lie aprastuta kA prayoga rasa-bodha aura bhAva-prabodha meM jaba pUrNataH saphalatA prApta karatA hai / vastutaH pratIka prayoga tabhI samartha kahalAtA hai|

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432 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa pratIka do prakAra ke hote haiM-1. sandarbhIya, 2. saMghanita / sandarbhIya pratIkoM ke varga meM vANI aura lipi se vyakta zabda rASTrIya patAkAe~, tAroM ke parivahana meM prayukta hone vAlI saMhitA, rAsAyanika tattvoM ke cihna Adi hai| saMghanita pratIkoM ke udAharaNa dhArmika kRtyoM meM aura svapna tathA anya manovaijJAnika vivazatAoM janya prakriyAoM meM milate haiN| aise pratyeka pratyakSa abhivyakti yA vyavahAra ke sthAnApannoM ke saMghanita rUpa hote haiM aura cetana yA acetana saMvegAtmaka tanAvoM ke mukta prasaraNa meM sahAyatA dete haiN| vyavahArika jIvana meM ina donoM prakAra ke pratIkoM kA mizraNa milA karatA hai| vibhinna saMskRtiyoM ke anusAra pratIkoM ke rUpa tathA abhiprAya bhinna-bhinna huA karate haiN| sAhitya meM rasa ke utkarSa meM nAnA prakAra ke pratIkoM ko gRhIta kiyA jAtA hai| sAbhyatA, ziSTAcAra, AdhAra, vyavahAra, AdhyAtmikatA, dArzanikatA. lokaraMjana tathA kAvyazAstra prabhati ke anusAra kAvya meM pratIkoM ke prayoga haA karate bhAva udbodhana kI zakti Avazyaka hotI hai| pratIkoM meM kevala sAdRzya mUlaka upamAnoM se bhAva-pravaNatA kI kSamatA nahIM huA karato / yahI kAraNa hai ki sapakSa kavi apanI mArmika antardRSTi dvArA aise pratIkoM kA vidhAna karatA hai| jo prastuta kI bhAvAbhivyaMjanA meM sapakSatA prApta kara ske| bhAva aura vicAra kI dRSTi se pratIkoM ke do bheda kie jA sakate haiN| yathA1. bhAvotpAdaka pratIka, 2. vicArotpAdaka pratIka / yadyapi vicAra aura bhAva meM spaSTa antara sthira karanA sarala nahIM hai| prabhAvotpAdaka aura vicArotpAdaka pratIkoM meM pArasparika upasthiti banI hI rahatI hai / bhAvAbhivyakti meM saralatA, sarasatA tathA spaSTatA utpanna karane ke lie rasasiddha kavi pratIka yojanA kA prayoga karate haiN| jaina kaviyoM kI hindI kAvyakRtiyoM se bhI pratIka-yojanA kA vyavahAra huA hai| ina kaviyoM ke samakSa kAvya-sajana kA lakSya apane bhAvoM tathA dArzanika vicAroM ke pracAra-prasAra kA pravartana karanA pradhAna rUpa se rahA hai| isalie inhoMne yagAnasAra pracalita kAvyarUpoM, lakSaNoM tathA una samagra upakaraNoM ko gRhIta kiyA hai jinake mAdhyama se inakI kAvyAbhivyakti meM sarasatA aura saralatA kA saMcAra ho ske| isa prakAra hindI jaina-kAvya meM vyavahRta pratIkoM kA hama nimna rUpoM meM vargIkaraNa kara sakate haiM / yathA 1. vikAra aura duHkha vivecaka pratIka, 2. Atmabodhaka pratIka, 3. zarIrabodhaka pratIka, 4. guNa aura sarvasukhabodhaka pratIka / AdhyAtmika anucintana tathA tattva-nirUpaNa karate samaya ina kaviyoM dvArA aneka aise pratIkoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai jinheM ukta vibhAgoM meM saMkhyAyita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ hama hindo jaina-kAvya meM vyavahRta pratIkoM kI sthiti kA adhyayana zatAbdi krama ye kareMge tAki unake vikAsa para sahaja rUpa meM prakAza par3a sake pandrahavIM zatI meM racI gaI kAvyakRtiyoM ko hama kAvyarUpoM kI dRSTi se aneka bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM. mukhyataH prabandha aura muktaka rUpa meM samUce kAvya kalevara ko vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai-1. prabandhAtmakacarita, purANa tathA rAsaparaka kRtiyA~ aura 2. muktaka-aneka kAvyarUpoM meM ArAdhya kI arcanA tathA bhakti-bhAvanA ko abhivyaMjanA huI hai| prArambha meM abhidhAmUlA abhivyakti kA pracalana rahA hai phira bhI manISI aura sArasvata kSetra meM abhivyakti ke stara kA utkarSa huA hai| kintu jaina kaviyoM ke samakSa apane AdhyAtmika mAhAtmya ko abhivyakta kara jana-sAdhAraNa

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jaina kaviyoM dvArA racita hindI kAdhya meM pratIka-yojanA 433 meM usakA pracAra-prasAra karanA abhISTa rahA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne kAvyakauzala kI ora adhika jAgarUkatA kA paricaya nahIM diyA hai| AdhyAtmika abhivyakti ko sarala aura sarasa banAne ke lie ina kaviyoM dvArA loka meM pracalita pratIkoM kA sapannatApUrvaka prayoga huA hai| apane samaya meM kAvya jagat meM pracalita kAvyarUpoM-chandoM tathA alaMkAroM kI nAI ina kaviyoM ne pratIkAtmaka zabdAvali ko bhI gahIta kiyA hai| pandrahavIM zatI ke prasiddha kavi sadhAru viracita pradyumna caritra meM aneka pratIkAtmaka prayoga parilakSita hai| nAyaka pradyumna ko jaba kevala jJAna utpanna ho jAtA hai usa samaya moha, ajJAnatA kA samUla khaNDana karane meM vaha samartha ho jAtA hai / yahA~ kavi ne timira zabda kA moha ke artha meM pratIkAtmaka vyavahAra kiyA hai / aisI sthiti meM sAMsArika lAja se vaha mukta ho jAtA hai| isa ullekhanIya upalabdhi para indramANa jayajayakAra bAlakara badhAiyA~ dete hai / yahA~ pAza zabda kA saMsAra-jAla arthAt AvAgamana ke bandhana paraka pratIkArtha prayoga huA hai / yaha prayoga hindI saMta kavi kabIra tathA bhakta kavi sUra, tulasI, mIrA Adi ke dvArA pracuratA ke sAtha huA hai / saMsAra ke lie sindhu zabda kA pratIkArtha prayoga hindI meM paryApta pracalita rahA hai| kavivara merunandana upAdhyAya viracita sImandara jina stavana meM sindhu pratIka kA vyavahAra parilakSita hai| isIprakAra sabhI prakAra ke manorathoM ko pUrNa karanevAle bhAvArtha meM kAmaghaTa, devamaNi devataru zabdAvali pratIka rUpa meM vyavahRta hai| hindI meM devataru ke sthAna para kalpataru kA khUba prayoga huA hai| isI prakAra devamaNi ke sthAna para cintAmaNi kA vyavahAra paryApta rUpa meM ullikhita hai| kavi dvArA ina zabdAvaliyoM kA prayoga vastutaH navIna hI kahA jaaegaa| vivAhalA kAvyoM meM jaina kaviyoM ne nAyaka kA kisI kumArIkanyA ke sAtha meM vivAha nahIM karAyA hai apitu dIkSAkumArI athavA saMyamazrI ke sAtha use vaivAhika saMskAra meM dIkSita kiyA hai| yahA~ dIkSA lene vAlA sAdhu yA nAyaka .. dulahA hai aura dIkSA athavA saMyamazrI dulhana hai / jinodaya sUra kRta vivAhalA meM AcArya jinodaya kA dIkSA kumArI ke sAtha vivAha ullikhita hai / isa abhivyakti meM kumArI zabda pratIkArtha hai / jaina kaviyoM kA yaha prayoga vastutaH abhinava hai| isI prakAra solahavIM zatI ke samartha kavi jinadAsa haiM, jinhoMne aneka sundara kAvyoM kA sRjana kiyA hai| Adi purANa nAmaka mahAkAvya meM karmabhUmi kA ullekha hai / bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne naSTa karmoM kI sthApanA kI thii| unhoMne sAMsArika prANiyoM ko dharmAdharma kA viveka bhI pradAna kiyA thaa| aisA karane meM unheM saphalatA isalie prApta huI kyoMki unhoMne rAjaputra hote hue svayaM bhI saMyama aura tapa-sAdhanA ke balabUte para muktivadhu ko varaNa kara liyA thaa| mukti varaNa karane ke kAraNa hI kavi una bhagavAn ke guNoM ko sadguru ke prasAda se jAna pAtA hai aura tabhI prasanna hokara bhagavAn meM avasara pAkara sevA karane kI kAmanA karatA hai isa AdhyAtmika tathA bhaktyAtmaka abhivyakti meM kavi ne mukti pratIka kA saphala prayoga kiyA hai / muktivadhu kA pratIkArtha prayoga saMtoM dvArA pracuratApUrvaka huA hai / isI prakAra kavi ne zivapura kA mokSa ke lie pratIka prayoga kiyA hai| yaha vastutaH lakSaNAmUlA pratIka prayoga hai| zivapura kA pratIka prayoga yazodharacaritra, siddhAnta caupAI meM saphalatApUrvaka huA hai| kavivara bUcarAja ne paramparAnumodita sAgara zabda saMsAra artha meM apane padoM kI racanA meM kiyA hai / hindI ke saMta kaviyoM dvArA sAgara zabda saMsAra ke artha meM pratIka svarUpa aneka bAra vyavahata hai| kavi ne SaT lezyA viSayaka pratIka prayoga paMthI gIta nAmaka kAvya meM kiyA hai| sAMsArika sukha ke lie madhukaNa kA prayoga vastutaH jaina kaviyoM kI abhinava dena hai / eka paMthI siMhoM ke vana meM pahu~cA / magabhrama meM vaha bhaTaka gayA aura sAmane se use eka hAthI dikhAI pdd'aa| vaha raudra rUpI tathA krodhI svabhAvI thA-phalasvarUpa use dekhakara paMthI

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434 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa bhayabhIta huA aura daur3atA huA eka kueM meM gyaa| jisakI dIvAla meM eka ugI TahanI ko usane pakar3a liyA / Upara hAthI, cAra dizAoM meM sarpa, nIce ajagara tathA TahanI ko do cUhe kATa rahe the, pAsa hI vaTavRkSa para madhumakkhiyoM kA chattA thaa| hAthI ne use hilAyA aura chatte se madhukaNa cU par3A jo paMthI ke muMha meM jA phuNcaa| usa Ananda meM vaha ghora duHkhoM ko bhUla gayA / vastutaH yaha madhu kA svAda hI sAMsArika sukha hai| pathika jIva kA pratIka hai hAthI ajJAna kA pratIka hai| cahA saMsAra kA pratIka hai| sapaM gati kA pratIka hai| makkhiyA~ vyaktiyoM kA pratIka hai| ajagara vinoda kA pratIka hai| madhakaNa sAMsArika kSaNasukha kA pratIka hai| yaha pratIka prayoga Aja bhI jaina maMdiroM meM sacitra milatA hai, atyanta lokapriya hai| Age kavi ne paMcendriya beli nAmaka kRti meM ghaTa ko pratIkArtha meM vyavahRta kiyA hai| ghaTa pratIka hai zarIra athavA AtmA kA / azuci ghaTa hone para tapa-japa tathA tIrtha Adi karanA vastutaH nissAra hI hai / kavi ne yahA~ ghaTa kI nimalatA para bala diyA / pratIkArtha kAvyasRjana karane meM kavivara bUcarAja kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / paMthigota kI bhAMti inhoMne bhI samUcA kAvya hI pratIkArthoM meM racA hai / TaMDANA TAMDa zabda se banA hai jisakA artha hai vyApAriyoM kA calatA huA samUha / yaha vizva bhI prANiyoM kA samUha hai astu taMDANA saMsAra kA pratIka hai| isa kAvya meM prANomAtra ko saMsAra se sajaga rahane ko kahA gayA hai| muni vinayacandra viracita cUnar3I kAvya bhI pratIkAtmaka racanA hai| isameM jaina zAsana ke vibhinna siddhAnta rUpI bela bUTe prakAzita haiM jise raMgareja rUpI pati ne sabhAlA hai / yaha prayoga bhI kavi dvArA abhinava khoja hai / solahavIM zatI ke rasasiddha kavi haiM ThakusI / ApakI paMcendrI beli nAmaka racanA bhI pratIkAtmaka kAvya hai / beli vastutaH vAsanA kA pratIka hai / isa zatI meM pratIka prayogoM kI apekSA samUcI kRti hI pratIkAtmaka racI gaI haiN| paNDita bhagavatIdAsa satrahavIM zatI ke vidvAn kavi haiN| manakarahArAsa ApakA pratIka kAvya hI hai| isameM mana ko karahA arthAt UMTa ko citrita kiyA gayA hai, isakA srota apabhraMza ke munivara rAmasiMha se gRhIta huA hai| unhoMne pAhur3a dohA meM karahA mana ke rUpa meM upamAna rUpa meM gRhIta kiyA hai| manakarahArAsa meM saMsArarUpI registAna meM mana rUpo karahA ke bhramaNa kI rocaka kahAnI kahI gaI hai| satrahavIM zatI ke dUsare samartha kavi hai bhaTTAraka ratnakIti jii| Apane eka pada meM girinAra zabda kA pratIkAtmaka sapakSa prayoga kiyA hai| jaina kathAnakoM meM tIrthakara neminAtha viSayaka prasaGga meM girinAra zabda kA vyavahAra huA hai| jo vairAgya sthalI ke artha meM svIkRta ho gayA hai| cintAmaNi zabda kA pratIkAtmaka prayoga kavivara kuzala lAbha viracita gauDI pArzvanAtha stavana nAmaka kAvya se paramparAnumodita huA hai| cintAmaNi kA prayoga manokAmanA ke uddezya se hindI meM Arambha se hI huA hai / vizeSakara hindI bhaktikAlIna mahAtmA tulasIdAsa tathA sUradAsa dvArA cintAmaNi zabda kA saphalatApUrvaka prayoga huA hai| isa kAla ke vidvAna kavi banArasIdAsa jaina dvArA pratIkAtmaka prayoga draSTavya hai| Apane naTa zabda kA pratIka prayoga pracuratA ke sAtha kiyA hai / jisakA artha hai AtmA jo-jo karmAnusAra nAnArUpa dhAraNa karatI hai jisa prakAra naTa vividha svAMga karatA hai| samayasAra nAmaka kRti meM kavivara ne aneka pratIkoM kA sapakSa prayoga kiyA hai| kavivara yazovijaya upAdhyAya viracita Anandaghana aSTapadI nAmaka kAvya meM pArasa zabda pratIka rUpa meM vyavahata hai aura usakA pratIkAthaM hai sadsaMgati / kavivara harSakIrti dvArA racita paMcagatibeli pUrA ho pratIka kAvya hai jisameM indriyoM ke vijaya AsaktiyoM kA vizada ullekha hai|

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jaina kaviyoM dvArA racita hindI kAvya meM pratIka-yojanA 435 madhAbApa kavivara kumudacandra ne banajArA gIta nAmaka pratIka kAvya kI racanA kI hai| isa kAvya meM banajArA manuSya hai jisa prakAra banajArA idhara-udhara vicaraNa karatA hai usI prakAra yaha manuSya bhI bhava-bhramaNa karatA hai| bhaTTAraka ratnakIti ne neminAtha bArahamAsA meM viraha zabda pratIka rUpa meM vyavahRta kiyA hai isakA pratIkArtha hai kAma / kavivara manarAma dvArA horA zabda pratIka rUpa meM vyavahRta kiyA gayA hai jisakA artha hai anamola mAnava jIvana / aThArahavIM zatI ke sazakta hastAkSara bhaiyyA bhagavatIdAsa dvArA bindaka kI caupAI nAmaka grantha meM ajagara zabda kA vyavahAra pratIka rUpa se huA hai jisakA artha hai kAla vikarAla / zataaSTottarI nAmaka kAvya meM kavi ne aneka pratIkoM kA eka hI prasaGga meM sapakSa prayoga kiyA hai / suA, AtmA kA pratIka hai, sevara, saMsAra ke kamanIya viSayoM kA pratIka hai, Ama, Atmika sukhoM kA pratIka hai aura tUla, sAMsArika viSayoM ko sAravihInatA kA pratIka hai / anta meM kAvya meM kavi dvArA AtmA ko sAMsArika rItyAnusAra calane ke lie sAvadhAna rahane kI saMstuti kI hai| isa prayoga meM kavi kI laukika aura AdhyAtmika abhijJatA sahaja hI meM pramANita ho jAtI hai / ajayarAja pATanI dvArA racita carakhAcaupAI nAmaka kAvya meM carakhA pratIka rUpa meM prayukta hai| yahA~ carakhA mAnava-jIvana kA pratIka hai| kavivara dyAnatarAya aura vRndAvanadAsa dvArA aneka kAvyoM meM pratIkAtmaka prayoga hue hai| inakI kavitA meM tama zabda ajJAna aura moha ke lie prayukta hai| kucha pratIka prayoga sArvabhauma hai| isa dRSTi se sindhu zabda saMsAra artha meM prayukta hai| unnIsavIM zatI meM kalpavRkSa kA pratIka prayoga ullekhanIya haiN| kavivara mahAcandra ne apane eka pada meM kalpavRkSa kA vyavahAra dhArmika abhivyakti se kiyA hai| kalpavRkSa sArvabhauma pratoka hai, jisake artha hai sabhI prakAra ke manorathoM kA pUrNarUpa / bhAgacandrajI isa kAla ke manISI hai, Apane gaMgAnadI rUpaka meM aneka pratIka prayoga svIkAra kie haiN| yahA~ pAnI jJAna kA pratIka hai, paMka saMzaya kA pratoka hai, taraMga saptabhaMga nyAya kA pratIka hai aura marAla santajanoM kA pratIka hai| kavi kA kahanA hai ki aisI gaMgAdhArA meM snAna karanA kitanA hitakArI hai jisase prANI pUrNataH vizuddha ho jAtA hai| isa zatI kA sazakta kAvyarUpa hai pUjA jisameM kaviyoM ne anekavidha pratIkAtmaka prayoga kie haiN| isa dRSTi .. se kavi vRndAvanadAsa kA ullekhanIya sthAna hai / zrIpadmaprabhu kI pUjA se timira zabda moha artha meM prayukta hai| isI prakAra kavivara budhajana ne nIMda zabda kA prayoga pratIka rUpa meM kiyA hai jisakA artha hai moha / isI prakAra zAntinAtha pUjA meM zivanagarI kA prayoga pratIka rUpa meM huA hai jisakA artha hai mokSa arthAt AvAgamana se vimukta / kavivara kSatrapati jI ne sindhu zabda kA pratIka rUpa meM prayoga kiyA hai jisakA artha hai, duHkha / yaha prayoga virata hI hai / kavivara maMgatarAya ne siMha zabda pratIka rUpa meM prayukta kiyA hai jisakA artha hai, vikarAla kAla / Upara kie gae zatAbdi-krama meM vivecana se hindI jaina kaviyoM dvArA vyavahata pratIka yojanA kA paricaya sahaja meM hI ho jAtA hai| pandrahavIM zatI ke kAvya meM pratIkAtmaka zabdAvalI kA yatra-tatra vyavahAra huA hai, jinake prayoga se kAvyAbhivyakti meM utkarSa ke paridarzana hote haiN| solahavIM zatI meM pratIka-prayoga meM vikAsa ke darzana hote haiN| isa samaya ke racita kAvya meM pratIka zabdAvali ke sAtha-sAtha pratIkAtmaka racanAe~ bhI racI gayI haiM jinameM jaina darzana abhivyakta huA hai| satrahavIM zato meM jaina kaviyoM dvArA sArvabhauma pratIkoM kA vyavahAra huA hai, sAtha hI navIna pratIkAtmaka zabdAvali bhI apanI prayogAtmaka sthiti meM sampanna hai, yathA-mAnastambha girinAra, navakAra, samayasAra tathA bnjaaraa| eka hI kavitA meM pratIkoM ke prayoga darzanIya haiM isa kAla ke kaviyoM kI kalAtmakatA-kSamatA kA paricAyaka hai| satrahavIM zatI kI bhAMti aThArahavIM zatI meM bhI pratIka-viSayaka bAtoM kA paripAlana huA hai| pUrA kA pUrA kAvya pratIka rUpa meM racane kA rivAja yahA~ bhI rahA hai| isa dRSTi se carakhA caupAI ullekhanIya haiN| unnIsavIM zatI meM viracita hindI kAvya meM jaina kaviyoM

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436 paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa dvArA prayukta pratIkoM kA prayoga ullekhanIya hai / sArvabhauma pratIkoM ke atirikta pUrNa pratIka-kAvya race gae hai| isa dRSTi se sammeda zikhara ullekhanIya kAvya hai / sAtha hI sAtha eka zabda meM aneka pratIka-prayoga draSTavya haiM / ___ isa prakAra yaha sahaja meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina kaviyoM ko hindI racanAe~ bhI pratIkoM ke prayoga se sampanna hai aura kahIM-kahIM to navIna prayogoM se hindI kA bhaMDAra bharane meM sahAyaka ko bhUmikA nirvAha karate haiN| sadabhita granthoM ko tAlikA 1. amarakoza TokA, bhaTTojI dIkSita / 2. sAhitya koza, sampAdita DA0 dhIrendra varmA, prathama bhAga / 3. pAiTika imeja, sI0 DI0 levisa / 4. pAiTika peana, ropijJa sklaMTana / 5. jaina kaviyoM ke hindI kAvya kA kAvyazAstrIya mUlyAMkana, DA. mahendra sAgara pracaMDiyA / 6. Adhunika hindI kavitA meM citra-vidhAna, DA0 rAmayatana siMha bhramara / 7. Adhunika hindI kAvya meM aprastuta vidhAna, DA0 narendra mohana / 8. kAvyadarpaNa, pa0 rAmadahana mizra / 9. kAvyazAstra, DA0 bhagIratha mizra / 10. guNa ThANA gIta, manohara dAsa / 11. gauDI pArzvanAtha stavana, kuzala lAbha / 12. carakhA zataka, bhUdhara dAsa / 13. cUnar3I, bra0 jinadAsa / 14. jambU svAmo bibAhuA, hIrAnanda sUri / 15. jaina padAvali, jagatarAma / / 16. neminAtha bArahamAsA, lAvaNya samaya / 17. pradyumna caritra, sadhAru / 18. banArasI vilAsa, banArasIdAsa / 19. bAraha bhAvanA, magata rAya / 20. bAisa pariNaya, bhaiyyA bhagavatIdAsa / 21. manakarahA rAsa, paM0 bhagavatIdAsa / 22. vivAhalo kAvya, DA0 puruSottama menAriyA / 23. samayasAra nATaka, banArasIdAsa /

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jaina kaviyoM dvArA racita hindI kAvya meM pratIka-yojanA 437 24. sAhitya darpaNa, AcArya vizvanAtha / 25. pUjA kAvya, manaraMga lAla / 26. cUnar3I kAvya, muni vinayacandra / 27. banajArA gIta, kumudacandra / 28. madhubindu kI caupaI, bhaiyyA bhagavatIdAsa / 29. banajArA gIta, kumudacandra / 30. bArahamAsA, ratnakIti / 31. zata aSTottarI, bhaiyyA bhagavatIdAsa / 32. carakhA caupaI, ajayarAja pATanI / 33. padasagraha, bhAgacandra / 34. sAhitya kA vaijJAnika vivecana, DA0 gaNapaticandra gupta / 35. hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza kA yogadAna, DA0 nAmavara siMha / 36. hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, nAthUrAma premI / 37. hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, bAbU kAmatAprasAda jaina / 38. jJAnapaMcamI caupaI, vikhaNu kavi / 39. jJAna chanda cAlIsI, bhavAnIdAsa / 40. imejinezana, I0 je0 patraloMga /

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kavivara banArasIdAsa kI catuHzatI ke avasara para vizeSa lekha arddhakathAnaka' : punarvilokana DA0 kailAza tivArI prAcArya, zAsa0 mahAvidyAlaya, majhaulo hindI sAhitya meM 'addhaM kathAnaka' ko hindI kA prathama Atmacarita svIkAra karate hue isake racanAkAra ko prathama AtmakathA sAhitya kA janmadAtA bhI kahA gayA hai / sAhitya-itihAsa meM inakA ullekha madhyakAla ke anya kaviyoM ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| banArasIdAsa ne itihAsa ke tIna zAsakoM-akabara, jahA~gIra aura zAhajahA~ ke yuga ko dekhA thaa| yaha bhI pramANita hai ki unheM zAhajahA~ se saMrakSaNa prApta thaa| ataH kisI na kisI rUpa meM ina zAsakoM kI rAjya vyavasthA aura samAja-dazA kI jhalaka 'arddhakathAnaka' meM mila jaayegii| 'arddhakathAnaka' ke atirikta lagabhaga 23 anya kAvya-racanAeM bhI unakI haiM / ina kAvya racanAoM kA viSaya yA to dharma hai yA upadeza / vastutaH ina racanAoM ke jariye unhoMne jaina-dharma ko sarvasAdhAraNa ke lie grAhya banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai aura isake lie unhoMne bolacAla kI bhASA kA prayoga kiyA hai| ina jaise racanAkAroM ke prayAsa ke phalasvarUpa hI saMskRta aura prAkRta ke sAtha hI sAtha janabhASA meM bhI jainadharma ke siddhAntoM aura kendrIya vicAroM ko bhI prastuta kiyA jAne lagA thaa| isa taraha se unakI do upalabdhiyA~ haiM-eka to janabhASA ke mAdhyama se jainadharma ke siddhAMtoM ko loka-sulabha banAnA aura dUsarA kavi ke lie AtmakathA lekhana kA mArga kholnaa| yaha satya hai ki banArasIdAsa ke bAda bhI madhyakAla meM kisI kavi yA racanAkAra ne Atma-kathA (lekhana) kI ora dhyAna nahIM diyA thaa| hindI racanAkAroM kA yaha durbala pakSa hI kahA jAyegA ki unhoMne apane vyaktigata-jIvana kI (pratyakSa) jAnakAro AtmakathA ke rUpa meM nahIM dI hai| pariNAmasvarUpa kaviyoM ke jIvana preraka prasaGgoM kI jAnakArI ke lie hameM unakI kAnya kI antardhArA para hI nirbhara rahanA par3atA hai| banArasIdAsa ne isa lIka se haTa 'sva-carita' ko 'vikhyAta' karane ke kI hai| yaha icchA ( Atmacarita ) arddhakathAnaka ke rUpa meM Ayo hai| 'saMrakSaNa-kavi' hone ke nAte unameM apane 'carita' ko likhane kI preraNA jAgI ho to koI Azcarya nahIM / unhoMne jaisA 'sUnA' aura 'vilokA' vahI kaha diyA hai / isa 'pUraba dasA caritra' meM 'guNa-doSa' ko bhI nizchala bhAva se kahA gayA hai / yaha sArA kathana 'sthUla-rUpa' meM hA hai / 'arddhakathAnaka' ke do pakSa haiM-vyakti-pakSa aura samAja-pakSa / vyakti-pakSa meM kavi ne apane jIvana ghaTanAoM ko nirAvRta rUpa meM rakhA hai| cUMki kathana ke lie unhoMne 'thUla rUpa' ko hI tarAjoha do haiM, isalie usameM Atma-gopana aura 'arddha-kathAnaka' madhyakAla kI viziSTa kRti haiM-viziSTa isa dRSTi se hai ki isane racanAkAroM meM Atma-carita likhane kI pravRtti kA zrIgaNeza kiyaa| Atmacarita lekhana itihAsa puruSoM kA kSetra nahIM raha gyaa| bhAratIya kavi isa vidhA se usa samaya anabhijJa hoMge-aisA to nahIM kahA jA sakatA para unameM Atma-carita lekhana ke prati saMkoca bhAva ho sakatA hai| isa saMkoca ko tor3ane kA kAma 'arddhakathAnaka' karatA hai| 'arddhakathAnaka' meM sIdhI-sapATa tathya-baddha zailI ko apanAyA gayA hai jisameM dRzya-gatizIlatA hai-saMvedana udvega nhiiN| Aja bhale hI yaha racanA-vidhi Adarza na ho para prArambhika kRti ke lie Adarza hI mAnI jAyego /

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6] kavivara banArasIdAsa kI catuHzatI ke avasara para vizeSa lekha arddhakathAnaka : punarvilokana 439 AtmazlAghA nahIM hai / Atma-carita meM AtmazlAghA se baca nikalanA kaThina kAma hotA hai| isa mAyane meM banArasIdAsa mukta rahe haiN| 'arddhakathAnaka' meM samAja-pakSa prasaMgavaza hai| isalie isameM kisI gambhIra aitihAsika tathya ko jAna pAnA kaThina hai-AMzika rUpa meM ullikhita itihAsa sandarbho meM jo bhI sUcanAeM milatI hai, unakI upayogitA se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| Atmacarita kI eka (sAhityika) upalabdhi yaha bhI hai ki hama kavi kI antardRSTi se tAdAtmya ke sAtha hI sAtha usakI racanAoM se bhI paricita hote haiN| koI bhI lekhaka apanI sRjanAtmaka prAptiyoM kA anubodha AtmakathA meM avazya karAtA hai / aisA hone se kisI bhI kavi ke mUlyAMkana meM sahAyatA milatI hai| 'arddhakathAnaka' banArasIdAsa kI 'nijakathA hai| jisameM AsmAnveSaNa ke sthAna para Atma-pIr3A hai| jIvana se jahI sthitiyoM kI Atma-svIkArokti isameM hai| ina Atma-svIkAroktiyoM ko dekhakara isa Atmacarita ko 'Adhanika' AtmakathA lekhana ke nikaTa mAna liyA gayA hai| unhoMne isameM apane (vyApArI) parivAra kI Apa bItI kahI hai| ina saMyojita vRttoM meM saMyogavaza jaga-bIti bhI jur3a gayA hai aura vyApArika yAtrAoM meM saMsmaraNa ke taura para kucha ghaTanAoM kA isameM jur3anA bhI jarUrI thaa| 'saMsmaraNa' ke taura para jur3e 'addhakathAnaka' meM ye aMza itihAsa sandarbha bana gae haiN| addhakathAnaka meM kyA hai ? ___ isameM racanAkAroM ke Adhe jIvana kI gAthA hai| usane manuSya kI Ayu ko eka sau dasa varNa mAnA hai ki isameM usane apane AdhI jIvana-yAtrA ko sameTA hai, isalie isa nava-gAthA ko 'addhaM kathAnaka' kahatA hai; kRti kA nAma bhI yahI rakhA gayA hai|" mUladAsa-kathA prArambha meM vaMza paricaya hai aura usake bAda sv-kthaa| inake dAdA kA nAma mUladAsa thA aura pitA kA nAma kharagasena / dAdA mUladAsa mugaloM ke modo the aura usakI jAgora se udhArI dene kA kAma karate / saMvat 1608 meM banArasI dAsa ke pitA kharagasena kA janma huA / 2 saMvat 1613 meM mUladAsa kI mRtyu ho gyii| mUladAsa kI sArI sampatti zAsaka (magala) ne rAjasAt kara lI / kharagadAsa mAlavA chor3akara jaunapUra cale ge| kharagasega kathA kharagasena apane mAmA madanasiMgha zrImAla ke yahA~ pahu~ce / ATha varSa kI avasthA hone para unakI vyavasAyika zikSA zaru hyii| bAda meM sikke parakhane aura rehana rakhane kA hisAba karane lge| bAraha varSa kI avasthA meM ve baMgAla meM lodI khA~ ke dIvAna 'dhannA' rAya zrImAla ke potadAra bane / " dhannA kI mRtyu ke bAda ve phira jaunapura lauTe / saMvata 1626 meM Agare meM Akara ve sarAphI karane lage, 22 varSa kI avasthA meM unakA vivAha haa| Agare meM cacerI bahana kI byAha kara phira ve vApasa jaunapura lauTa Ae aura sAjhe meM vyApAra karane lge| saMvata 1643 meM banArasIdAsa kA janma huaa| banArasIdAsa vyathA pitA ke samAna ATha varSa ko avasthA meM zikSA zuru huI aura bAraha varSa (saMvat 1654) kI avasthA meM vivAha / " isI varSa jaunapura ke hAkima kilIca khA~ ne vyApAriyoM se 'bar3I vastu' (bheMTa) na milane para jauhariyoM ko

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440 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa kor3e lagavAe / vyApArI bhAga nikle| kharagasena saijAdapura cale ge| kilIca khAM ke Agare cale jAne para ve (saMvat 1656) jaunapura Ae / banArasIdAsa ne isI varSa kaur3I becakara vyApAra kA zubhArambha kiyA thaa| 14 varSa kI avasthA taka banArasIdAsa ne nAmamAlA, anekArtha, jyotiSa aura kokazAstra par3ha DAle aura vyApAra chor3a 'AzikI' karane lge| pariNAma-upadeza / kisI prakAra rogamukta hue phira dharma AsthA (jainI) se jur3e vyApAra se judd'e| saMvat 1664-67 taka vyavasAya meM ghATA utthaayaa| para vibhinna vyavasAyoM se jur3e rhe| vyApAra ke sandarbha meM paTanA/AgarA kI yAtrAeM kii| saMvat 1673 meM pitA kI mRtyu ke bAda kapar3e kA vyApAra kiyaa| apanA hisAba cukAne AgarA gae, rAste meM musIbateM jhelii| yaha unakI antima yAtrA thii| banArasIdAsa ke 'arddhakathAnaka' se usa kAla kI kucha sUcanAeM milatI hai / adhyAtmika goSThiyAM AgarA meM una dinoM AdhyAtmika goSThiyA~ huA karatI thiiN| banArasIdAsa bhI aisI goSThiyoM meM zAmila hote the| ye goSThiyA~ mugala darabAra paramparA kI aMga thii| ina goSThiyoM se adhyAtma ke prati rujhAna utpanna hotA thaa| ye sAdhanA ko sahI dizA dene meM asamartha rahatI thii| banArasIdAsa bhI bhaTakAva meM ulajhe the|" saMvat 1682 meM sahI patha-pradarzaka rUpacanda pANDe ke kAraNa unheM sahI jJAna milA / itihAsa aura samAja ____ addhakathAnaka meM aitihAsika sUcanAeM bhI haiM jaise-akabara kI mRtyu, jahA~gIra kA siMhAsanArUr3ha honA aura usakI mRtyu; aura zAhajahA~ kA bAdazAha honA ye sabhI sUcanAe~ aitihAsika tithiyoM kI puSTi karatI haiM / isameM aneka nagaroM ke nAma hai para jaunapura nagara kA vizeSa paricaya diyA gayA hai| madhyakAla meM yaha samRddha nagara thaa| banArasIdAsa ne jonAsAi ko isa nagara ko basAne vAlA kahA / 18 itihAsa ke anusAra san 1389 meM ise phiroja tugalaka ke putra sultAna muhammada ke dAsa ne ise basAyA thaa| yaha dAsa hI jaunAzAha ho sakatA hai| 'addhaMkathAnaka' meM isakI bhavyatA kI sUcanA hai| yahA~ satamaMjile makAna, bAvana sarAya, 52 paragane; 52 bAjAra aura bAvana maMDiyAM thiiN| nagara meM cAroM varga ke loga the / zUdra chattIsa prakAra ke the| _ 'arddhakathAnaka' ke mAdhyama se samAja kI halkI sI jhalaka milatI hai| jaunapura nagara-varNana meM vibhinna kArIgarajAtiyoM kA jo byaurA hai, usase yahI lagatA hai ki vArSika vRttiyoM meM lage logoM ko samAja meM nIcA darjA diyA gayA thA-inheM zUdra kahA jAtA thaa| yahAM taka ki citrakAra, halavAI aura kisAna bhI zUdroM kI zreNI meM Ate the| banArasIdAsa ne zUdroM ko jaunapura meM upasthita kucha jAtiyoM (vargo) kA ullekha kiyA hai / banArasIdAsa ne mugala-zAsana-vyavasthA ke do prasaMga rakhe hai-kilIca khAM" dvArA ugAhI aura yAtrA ke samaya musIbata meM par3ane para hAkimoM dvArA rizvata lenaa| kilIca khAM jaba jaunapura kA hAkima banA, to manacAhI bheMTa na milane para jauhariyoM ko akAraNa daNDita kiyA / 2 ina dinoM hAkimoM kI manamAnI aura sva-icchA pramukha thii| jaunapura se AgarA kI yAtrA meM nakalI sikkoM ke calAne ke abhiyoga meM banArasIdAsa ke sAthiyoM ko pakar3A gyaa| rizvata dekara hI unheM aura unake sAthiyoM ko isa jhUThe abhiyoga se trANa milA thaa|23 samAja meM zikSA-vyavasthA paramparAgata DhaMga se kI jAtI tho / vyApAriyoM ke lie adhika par3hanA-likhanA ThIka nahIM mAnA jAtA thaa| par3hane-likhane kA kAma brAhmaNoM ora bhAdoM ke jimme thaa| vyApAro kA adhika par3hane kA artha thA bhIkha mAMganA :

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kavivara banArasIdAsa kI catuHzatI ke avasara para vizeSa lekha addhakathAnaka : punarvilokana 41 bahuta par3ha bAmana aura bhATa / banika putra to baiThe hATa / ___ bahuta par3ha so mAMge bhIkha / mAnahu pUta bar3e kI sIkha // 23/200 (vartamAna sandarbha meM bhI yaha kathana AMzika sahI hai) isa kAla meM vyApArI lambI yAtrAeM karate the / para ye yAtrAe~ nirApada nahIM thI24 / yadyapi bAdazAha yAtrAoM aura yAtriyoM kI surakSA-suvidhA kA dhyAna rakhate the / 25 cora aura DAkuoM kA bhaya rahatA hI thaa| kharagasena luTa cuke the aura kavi svayaM bhI coroM ke gAMva pahu~ca gayA thaa| 'addhakathAnaka' meM Agare meM pahalI bAra phaile 'gA~ThikA roga' (plega) kI bAta kahI hai| gAMTha nikalate hI AdamI mara jAtA thaa| bhaya ke mAre loga AgarA chor3akara cale gaye the| banArasIdAsa ne bhI ajIjapura gA~va meM DerA jamAyA thA / 26 yaha ghaTanA saMvat 1673 kI hai / tujuka ke jahA~gIrI meM bhI isakA jikra hai / para usameM yaha nahIM kahA gayA hai ki Agare para bhI isakA prabhAva huA thaa| 'arddhakathAnaka' se patA calatA hai ki bAdazAhoM kI dRSTi jaina sampradAya evam inakI upAsanA kI AjAdo ke prati narama evam udAra thii| do saMgha yAtrAoM-hIrAnanda mukIma, aura dhannArAya kI-meM jahA~gora ora paThAna sulatAna ne sahayoga diyA thaa|28 sandarbha 1. isa nibandha ke likhane meM 'arddhakathAnaka' [tRtIya saMskaraNa], prakAzaka akhila bhAratIya jaina yuvA pheDarezana, jayapura kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| sandarbha ullekha meM pahale pRSTha saMkhyA aura phira chanda saMkhyA dI gayI hai| 2. hindI kA yaha prathama Atmacarita hai hI, para anya bhAratIya bhASAoM meM isa prakAra kI aura itanI purAnI pustaka milanA AsAna nahIM hai / banArasodAsa caturvedo bhUmikA pR0 29 / 3. kavivara banArasIdAsa : vyaktitva aura vartRtva : adhyAtma prabhAjaina pR0 61 / 4. banArasIdAsa, bhaSaNa, matirAma. vedAMga rAya, harInAtha Adi hindI ke vidvAna zAhajahAM se saMrakSaNa prApta kie hue the / madhyakAlIna bhArata : ela0 pI0 zarmA pR0 506 / 5. hindI sAhitya koza bhAga 2, pR0 345 / 6. madhya deza ko bolI bola / gabhita bata kaDauM hiya khola / arddhakathA 2/7 / 7. hindI sAhitya koza bhAga 2, pR0 344 / 8. so banArasI nija kathA / kahai Apa so Apa : a0 kathA0 2/3 / 9. kahauM atIta-doSa guNavAda / vartamAna nAI marajAda / jaisI suno bilokI naina / taisI kachU kaho mukha baina 2/5 / 10. kavivara banArasIdAsa kA dRSTikoNa Adhunika Atmacarita lekhakoM ke dRSTikoNa se milatA-julatA thaa| vanArasIdAsa caturvedI pR0 29 bhUmikA se|

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442 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa 11. arddhakathA 74/664-665 / 12. vaho0 3/16 / 13. vahI0 7/46, 47 / 14. vahI0 8/56 / 15. vahI0 13/105 / 16. vahI0 13/110 / 17. vahI0 67/602, 605 / 18. kula paThAna jInAsaha nA~u / tina tahA~ AI basAyo gAU~ / vaho-4/26 / 19. madhya kAlIna bhArata : ela0 pI0 zarmA, pR0 150 evam 193 / 20. zUdroM ko zreNiyAM-sIsagara, darajI, taMnolI, raMgabAla, gvAla, bAr3haI, saMgatarAsa, telI, dhobI, dhuniyAM / kaMDhoI, kahAra, kAcho, kalAla, kulAla (kumAra) mAlI, kundIgara, kAgadI, kisAna, paTa buniyA~, citerA, biMdherA, bArI, lakherA, uTherA, rAja, paTuvA, chapparabaMdha, bAI, bhAramuniyA~, sunAra, luhAra, sikalIgara, havAI bhara, dhIvara, camAra / a0 kA 5/29 21. kilIca khAM akabara kA vizvasta senApati thA : akabaranAmA pR0 284 meM isakA ullekha hai / 22. a0 kathA0 13/111, 113 / 23. a0 kathA0 60/540, 541 / 24. (jahA~gIra) zAsana vyavasthA sudRr3ha aura vyavasthita nahIM thii| sar3ake tathA mArga asurakSita the| corI aura DAke janI hotI thii| prAMtIya sUbedAra aura adhikArI nirdayI aura atyAcArI hote the| ma0 kA0 bhArata : pR0 194 zarmA 25. AdezAnusAra Agare se aTaka taka mArga ke donoM aura vRkSa lagAeM jAyeM / prati kosa para mola stambha khar3A kiyA jAya; prati tIsare mIla para eka kuA~ taiyAra kiyA jAya, tAki yAtrI loga sukha zAMti se yAtrA kara sakeM / tujuka-e-jahA~gIrI pR0 255 (anu0 mathurA prasAda zarmA) 26. isa hI samaya Iti bistarI / parI Agarai pahilI marI / jahA~ tahA~ saba bhAge loga / paragaTa bhayA gA~ThikA roga // 63/572 nikasai gAMThi marai china mAMhi / kAha kI basAi kicha nAMhi / cUhai bharahiM baida mari jAMhi / bhaya sauM lIga aMna na dikhAhiM // 64/573, 574 27. isI varSa yA mere rAjyAroharaNa (san 1611) ke dasaveM varSa hindustAna ke kucha sthAnoM para eka bar3A roga (plega) phailaa| isakA prArambha paMjAba ke paraganoM se huA thA phira yaha sarahinda aura doAba taka phaila gayA aura dillI A phuNcaa| usane AsapAsa ke paraganoM aura gAMvoM meM phailakara sabako barabAda kara diyA / isa deza meM yaha bImArI kabhI prakaTa nahIM huI thii| tujuka-e-jahA~gIrI : pR0 163 28, a0 kathA0 25/224 /

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kAtantra vyAkaraNa DA0 bhagIratha prasAda tripAThI 'vAgIza' zAstrI saMpUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI vyAkaraNa kI paraMparA aura kAtantra vyAkaraNa kA sthAna bhArata meM vedArthoM kI vyAkhyA ke liye cirakAla se prAtizAkhya, nirukta aura vyAkaraNa ke rUpa meM zabdAnuzAsana kI vRhat paramparA pAI jAtI hai / prAtizAkhyoM meM pada- vibhaNa Adi ke rUpa meM varNita prakriyA vedoM ke zabdAnuzAsana kI aMzataH ho vyAkhyA karatI hai / yAskIya nirukta meM batAyA gayA hai ki nirukta ke liye vyAkaraNa kA jJAna Avazyaka hai / isaliye vyAkaraNa-rUpa zabdAnuzAsana nirukta se prAcIna hai / yadyapi prAcIna bhAratIya vAGmaya vyAkaraNoM ke nAma pAye jAte haiM, phira bhI prakaraNAdhArita hone se usa paramparA ke aneka vyAkaraNa lupta ho gaye / lekina inameM mAhezI paramparA Aja bhI jIvita hai / kucha loga yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki mAhendrI paramparA bhI AMzika rUpa se jIvita hai / zabdAnuzAsana kI yaha paramparA do prakAra kI hai mAtRkA pATha-rUpa (vistRta) aura pratyAhAra rUpa saMkSipta / Ajakala vidyamAna sabhI vyAkaraNa grantha prAyaH pratyAhara-rUpa dvitIya paramparA kA anusaraNa karate haiM / taittirIya saMhitA anusAra vAk-vyAkhyAna meM liye devoM ne indu se prArthanA kii| isa AdhAra para mAhendrI paramparA mahendra ke guru vRhaspati ne pracalita kI | usakA vistAra dekhakara bhagavAn pataMjali ne apane mahAbhASya meM batAyA hai ki vRhaspati ne indra ko yaha vyAkaraNa eka hajAra varSa taka par3hAyA para samApta nahIM ho pAyA / AThavIM ke haribhadrasUri ne batAyA ki jainendra vyAkaraNa (devanaMdi pUjyapAda ) hI aindra-vyAkaraNa hai / aThAravIM sadI meM utpanna rAjarSi ne apane 'bhagavat vAdinI' nAmaka grantha meM batAyA hai ki aindra vyAkaraNa jai0 vyA0 ) bhagavAn mahAvIra-praNIta hai aura isake samarthana meM aneka tarka diye haiM / isa grantha meM jainendra vyAkaraNa kA sUtrapATha hI dadyabaddha hai / pUjyapAda ne pANini ke vyAkaraNa para 'zabdAvatAra nyAsa' nAmaka TIkA hai / pANini ke pUrvavartI vyAkaraNoM ke aneka siddhanta bhI jainendra vyAkaraNa meM pAye jAte haiN| lekina isase 'jainendra vyAkaraNa' ko aindra vyAkaraNa nahIM kahA jA sakatA / jainendra zabda meM indra-zabda hone se aisA AbhAsa huA hai / kucha vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki jainendra vyAkaraNa devanaMdi AcArya ne banAyA hai jinakA dUsarA nAma jinendra buddhi bhI hai / mahendra vyAkaraNa vistRta hai aura samaya sAdhya hai / isaliye mahAmuni pANini ne maheza paramparA meM pratyAhArarUpa prathama saMkSipta zabdAnuzAsana banAyA / isaliye isameM koI Azcarya nahIM karanA cAhiye ki mahendra paramparA ke anya vyAkaraNa pANinIya vyAkaraNa se vistRta haiN| pANini vyAkaraNa meM bhI prAcIna vyAkaraNoM ke aneka sUtra pAye jAte haiM / usane ise aneka AcAryoM ke nAma sAdara diye haiM jinake mata usane grahaNa kiye haiM / pratyAhara-sUtroM ke atirikta pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI meM bahutere sUtra prAcIna vyAkaraNoM se liye gaye haiM / yaha tathya sUtroM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai / avaidika haiM, phira bhI ve aMzataH mahendra paramparA kA anukaraNa karate haiN| isake mahatva ko svIkAra karate haiM / isIliye antaravartI vaiyAkaraNa pANini ke pratyArasaMvaraNa nahIM kara pAye / jaina aura bauddha-vyAkaraNa bAvajUda bhI ve pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke sUtra krama ko samAviSTa karane kA lobha kAtantra kA nAmakaraNa vartamAna meM upalabdha kAtantra vyAkaraNa pANini kA uttarakAlIna zabdAnuzAsana hai / yaha vistRta mahendra paramparA kA hai / isameM mahendra paramparA kI saMkSipta pratyAhAra - prakriyA nahIM apanAI gaI hai / kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa ke nAma ke viSaya meM

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44 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa vidvAnoM ke aneka mata haiM, phira bhI isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai ki yaha kisI vRhattaMtra se saMkSepita huA hai / isake nAma kI vyAkhyA nimna rUpoM meM kI gaI hai| durgasiMha ku= laghu taMtra hI kA taMtra hai| kutsi taMtra kA taMtra hai| kArtikeya taMtra kA taMtra hai| durgAsiMha kAtyAyana taMtra kA taMtra hai| kAzakRtsna taMtra kA taMtra hai| hemacandra kAlApaka taMtra kA taMtra hai| agnipurANa, vAyupurANa kumAra-skanda-prokta taMtra kA taMtra hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki kAtaMtra meM prathama akSara ke sAtha taMtra zabda jor3akara kAtaMtra nAma rakhA gayA hai| isase bhinnabhinna matavAdI bhinna-bhinna vyAkaraNoM se isake saMkSepaNa kI sUcanA dete haiM / kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa kisI vRhattaMtra se saMkSepita kiyA gayA hai, yaha mAnyatA dasavIM sadI ke vRttikAroM meM pracalita rahatI hai| bhagavata kumAra kArtikeya ke dvArA praNota zAstra ke bAda unakI AjJA se sarvavarmana ne ise banAyA, isaliye ise kaumAra taMtra bhI kahA jAtA hai| isakI prasiddhi kaumAra taMtra ke rUpa meM mAno jAto hai, yaha jJAtavya hai ki kumAra kArtikeya caurazAstrAcArya ke rUpa meM vizrata hai, vyAkaraNazAstrAcArya ke rUpa meM nhiiN| 'kumAra' ke bho aneka artha lagAye gaye haiN| kumArI-sarasvatI se prApta hone ke kAraNa ise kaumAra taMtra kahate haiM / mora ke paMkhadhArI ko kalApa kahate haiM / triviSTapI paramparA ke anusAra kAtaMtra kA upadeza mayUrapacchiyoM ke madhya kiyA gayA hai / jaina sAdhu mora-paMkhoM se banI pIchI ko dhAraNa karate haiM aura upadeza dete haiN| isaliye ise kAlApaka taMtra bhI kahate hai| kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa ke kartA aura usakA samaya bhAvasena ne apanI 'kAtaMtra rUpamAlA' meM zrI zarvavarman ko kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa kA racayitA mAnA hai / zarvavarmA kA hI dUsarA nAma vararuci hai| unhoMne hI aindra vyAkaraNa ko saMkSipta kara kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa banAyA hai| yaha triviSTapoya vidvat paramparA mAnatI hai / durgasiMha ne batAyA hai ki kAtaMtra kA kRdanta bhAga vararuci ne likhA haiN| vaha vAtikakAra kAtyAyana se bhinna hai, usase paravartI hai / inhoMne prAkRtaprakAza anya bhI banAyA hai| inakA dUsarA nAma zrutidhara bhI thA / ye tIsarI sadI meM hue the / mahAbhASyakAra zarvavarmana ke bAda hue haiM, yaha kathana satya nahIM hai / 'kathAsarit sAgara' ke anusAra, prAkRta bhASAvettA sAta vAhana kI rAjasabhA meM gaNADhya aura sarvavarmA nAma ke khyAtiprApta vidvAna the| isake hI anusAra, rAjA dopaNi kA putra sAtavAhana thA jo saMskRta bhASA nahIM jAnatA thA / sambhavataH yaha siMha kI savAro karatA thA, isIliye isakA nAma sAtavAhana pdd'aa| [isake sAta vAhana (azvAdi, saptivAhana) the, isaliye bhI isakA nAma sAtavAhana ho sakatA hai / ] isakA eka anya nAma 'zaktivAhana' bhI mAnA jAtA hai / 'zaktihotra' zabda se zakti kA bhI vAhanArthakatva siddha hotA hai| aitihAsika pramANoM se patA calatA hai ki Andhra ke rAjAoM ne rAjya kA vistAra kiyA aura 'sAtavAhana' padavI grahaNa kii| inameM sAtakaNi dvitIya chaThA sAtavAhana rAjA huaa| kathAsarit sAgara ke anusAra, isI kA nAma 'dIpaNi' rahA hai / sAtavAhana vaMza meM sAtavA rAjA 'hAla' nAmadhArI huA / isI prAkRta premI rAjA kI rAjasabhA meM guNADhya aura zavaMvarmana the / iso rAjA ke rAjyakAla meM kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa kA nirmANa huaa| isa rAjA kA samaya prathama sado (20-24 I0) nirdhArita hai| isI kA samakAlIna zUdraka nAma kA rAjA huA jisane padmaprAbhRta meM kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa kA ullekha kiyA hai / rAjA puSyamitra ke samakAlIna mahAbhASyakAra pataMjali kA samaya IsA pUrva dUsarI

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kAtantra vyAkaraNa 445 sadI nizcita hai| phalataH zarvavarmana pataMjali kA paryApta uttaravartI hai| phira bhI yudhiSThira mImAMsaka ise sAtavAhana se bhI pUrvavartI mAnate haiN| isa grantha ke kartA jaina the yA ajaina, isa para vidvAnoM kA mata spaSTa nahIM hai| eka ora somadeva zarvavarman ko ajaina mAnate hai, vahI bhAvasena vidya (12-13 sadI) aura hemacaMdra unheM jaina mAnate hai| isake 'siddho varNasamAmnAyaH' nAmaka prathama sUtra meM siddha' zabda kA honA ise jainakartRka pramANita karatA hai| isake sabhI TIkAkAra prAyaH jaina hI hue haiN| isakA jainoM meM hI pracAra bhI adhika rahA hai| isa vyAkaraNa ke antaHparIkSaNa se bhI isake jaina-kartaka hone kA AbhAsa milatA hai| kAtantra vyAkaraNa ko TokAyeM aura vRttiyAM granthakartA ke anusAra, yaha grantha alpamati, AlasI, lokayAtrI, vaNik Adi sAmAnyajanoM ke 'zIghrabodha' ke liye likhA gayA hai / isIliye yaha itanA laghu, sarala evaM sahaja kaNThasthanIya hai / isakI lokapriyatA ke kAraNa hI yaha bauddhoM ke liye upayogI bnaa| isakA pracAra bhArata ke bAhara tibbata meM bhI huaa| para vartamAna meM isakA pracalana mukhyataH baMgAla meM hai| isakI lokapriyatA kA eka pramANa yaha bhI hai ki isa para anekoM TIkAyeM evaM vRttiyA~ likhI gaI / inakA kucha vivaraNa sAraNI 1 meM hai| sAraNI 1 kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa kI TokAyeM vRttiyAM samaya, vi0 1208 1150-1250 1328 TIkAkAra/vRttikAra durgasiMha 2. vijayAnaMda (vidyAnaMda) bhAvasena vidya jinaprabodhasUri 5. saMgrAmasiMha 6. jinaprabha sUri pradyumna sUri, AcArya 8. mestuMga sUri 9. vardhamAna 10. muni caritra siMha 11. harSacandra 12. dharmaghoSa sUri 13. Acarya rAjazekhara sUri 14. somakIti 15. pRthvIcaMdra sUri 1352 1369 1448 1448 TIkA vRtti nAma kAtaMtra-vRtti kAtaMtrottara vyAkaraNa kAtaMtra rUpamAlA durgapada prabodha bAlazikSA kAtaMtra vibhrama TIkA daurgasiMhI vRtti bAlabodha vyAkaraNa kAtaMtra vistara kAtaMtra vibhrama TokA kAtaMtra-dIpaka kAtaMtra nibaMdha vRttitraya nibaMdha kAtaMtravRttipara paMjikA kAtaMtra rUpamAlA laghuvRtti kAtaMtra rUpamAlA-TIkA kAtaMtra rUpamAlA laghuvRtti kAtaMtra vyAkaraNavRtti bAla bodha 1300-1400 16. sakalakIti-2 17. AcArya ravivarmA 18. pannAlAla vAkalIvAla 56

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446 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa isase spaSTa hotA hai ki hema aura sArasvata vyAkaraNa ke samAna yaha apane samaya meM atyanta mahattvapUrNa vyAkaraNa rahA hogA jisase samasta saMskRtavettA prabhAvita hue aura ise upayogI mAnate rhe| aisA mAnA jAtA hai zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa para kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa kA gahana prabhAva hai, yadyapi usameM pratyAhAra zailI ko apanAyA gayA hai| hemacaMdrAcArya bhI zAkaTAyana se prabhAvita haiN| phalataH ve bhI parokSarUpa se kAtaMtra se prabhAvita haiN| vastutaH hemacaMdra ne ho ise kalApakataMtra kahA hai| uttaravartI vaiyAkaraNa bhI isase prabhAvita rahe hai| __ kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa anya vyAkaraNoM kI apekSA saMkSipta aura sarala hai| isameM sUtroM kI saMkhyA bhI kama hai / isameM pANini ka 4111 sUtroM ko tulanA meM kula 1400 sUtra ho hai / isameM saMjJAoM kA svataMtra prakaraNa nahIM hai, unheM sandhipAda meM hI nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| isameM vyAkaraNa meM upayogo taddhita, kRdanta, tiGanta Adi anya sabhI prakaraNa saMkSepa meM hai| isake tiGanta prakaraNa meM kAlavAco kriyAoM kA nAmakaraNa viziSTa rUpa meM kiyA hai / isakA anukaraNa hemacaMdrAcArya bhI kiyA hai| isameM virAma meM anusvAra hone kI vizeSatA bhI pAI jAtI hai| isa bAta kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai ki isakA vaijJAnika rUpa se susaMpAdita saMskaraNa prakAzita kiyA jAve / pAya 1. aindra vyAkaraNa 2. kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa 3. jainendra vyAkaraNa jaina vyAkaraNoM kA saMkSita vivaraNa indra AcArya I.pU. chaThavIM sadI A0 sarvavarman vararuci tIsarI sadI pUjyapAda AcArya pAMcavIM sadI 885/1400 sUtra 18 TIkA paMcAdhyAyI, anekazeSa 3000/3700 sUtra chaThavI sadI navamI sado 1023 1088 cAra adhyAya 10 vRtti/TIkArya 16 pAda, 3236 sUtra 6 TIkAyeM 8adhyAya 5651 sUtra 4. kSapaNaka vyAkaraNa 5. zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa 6. paMcagranthI vyAkaraNa 7. siddha hemacaMdra zabdAnuzAsana 8. paMcagrantho vyAkaraNa 9. premalAbha vyAkaraNa 10. malayagiri zabdAnuzAsana 11. sArasvata vyAkaraNa kSapaNaka/siddhasena zAkaTAyana pAlyakIti buddhisAgara sUri A0 hemacadra / buddhisAgara sUri munipremalAbha malayagiri anubhUti svarUpa 1226 1131-1193 15vIM sadI 27 TokAyeM 700 sUtra 23 TokAyeM yazobhadra Arya vajrasvAmo bhUtabalI 12. jaina vyAkaraNa 13. jaina vyAkaraNa 14. jaina vyAkaraNa 15. jaina vyAkaraNa 16. jaina vyAkaraNa 17. jaina vyAkaraNa 18. vidyAnanda vyAkaraNa 19. nUtana vyAkara 20. dIpaka vyAkaraNa 21. cintAmaNi vyAkaraNa 22. zabdANaMva vyAkaraNa zrIdatta prabhAcaMdra siMhanandi vidyAnaMda jayasiMha sUri bhadrezvara sUri AcArya zubhacaMdra muni sahajakIrti 1265 I0 1383 terahavIM sadI 1548 1623

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kuvalayamAlAkahA ke AdhAra para gollAdeza va gollAcArya kI pahicAna DA0 yazavanta malaiyA kolarADo sTeTa vizvavidyAlaya, phorTa kojisa (yU0 esa0 10) pichale do sau varSoM ke anusandhAna se bhAratIya itihAsa kI bahuta sI samasyAyeM sulajhI haiN| nAlandA, zrAvastI, takSazilA Adi sthAnoM ko nizcita rUpa se pahicAna liyA gayA hai| firoz2azAha jisa stambha ke lekha ko par3ha sakate vAlA dUMDha nahIM sakA, vaha Aja binA kisI sandeha ke par3hA jA sakatA hai| kaI samasyAyeM aisI haiM jinakA vyApaka adhyayana to huA hai, para koI nirvivAda hala nahIM milA hai| udAharaNArtha kAlidAsa ke samaya kA nizcaya, gautamabuddha kI nirvANa tithi, siMdhu-sarasvatI sabhyatA ko lipi kI pahacAna Adi / yahA~ para eka aisI samasyA para vicAra kiyA gayA hai jisakA mahattva jaina sAmAjika va dhArmika itihAsa ke lie hI nahIM, balki bhAratIya itihAsa ke lie bhI hai| saMyoga se isakA samAdhAna santoSajanaka rUpa se ho sakA hai| alaga-alaga sthAnoM para, va alaga-alaga samaya ke jo sUtra milate haiM. unake adhyayana se eka niSkarSa para pahuMcA jA sakatA hai jisameM koI virodhAbhAsa mAlUma nahIM hotA / kaI prAcIna granthoM meM gollAdeza nAma ke sthAna kA ullekha AtA hai| AThavIM sadI meM udyotanasari dvArA racita kuvalayamAlAkahA meM aThAraha deza-bhASAoM kA ullekha hai| inameM se eka gollAdeza kI bhASA bhI hai| ye nAma lakSmaNadeva racita nemiNAhacariu (samaya anizcita), puSpadanta racita nayakumAracariu (dasavIM zatI uttarArdha), rAjazekhara kI kAvyamImAMsA (dasavIM zatI pUrvAdha) va rAmacandra-guNacandra ke nATyadarpaNa (bArahavIM zatI) meM bhI diye hue haiN| cUNisUtroM meM bhI isa sthAna kA ullekha hai / isa sthAna ke ullekha bahuta kama pAye gaye haiN| kucha apavAdoM ko chAr3akara isakA zilAlekhoM meM bhI ullekha nahIM hai / aitihAsika bhUgola kI pustakoM meM isakA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isa lekha meM isa sthAna kI nizcita pahicAna karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| gollAdeza kI sthiti para pahale uhApoha kiyA gayA hai| eka vidvAna ke mata se yaha godAvarI nadI ke AsapAsa kA kSetra hai| yaha milate-julate zabda hone se anumAna kiyA gayA hai| Age ke vivecana se spaSTa hai ki yaha dhAraNA galata hai| zilAlekhoM meM gollAdeza ke spaSTa ullekha kevala zravaNabelagolA meM pAye gaye hai| inake aMza Age diye gaye hai| inameM gollAcArya nAma ke muni kA ullekha hai / ye gollAdeza ke rAjA the va kisI kAraNa se inhoMne dIkSA le lI thii| maisUra vizvavidyAlaya dvArA prakAzita aipigrAphikA karNATikA ! zravaNabelagolA grantha meM kahA gayA hai ki inheM pahicAnanA sambhava nahIM hai| sana 1972 meM anekAMta meM prakAzita lekha 'golApUrva jAti para vicAra' meM yaha sambhAvanA vyakta kI gaI thI ki zravaNabelgolA ke lekhoM meM jisa gollAdeza kA ullekha hai, yaha vahI sthAna hai jahA~ se golApUrva, golAlora va golasiMdhAre jaina jAtiyA~ nikalI hai / prastuta uhApoha se bhI yaha sambhAvanA sahI siddha hotI hai / yahA~ nimna praznoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai : 1. kuvalayamAlAkahA ke anusAra kahAM-kahIM gollA deza kA honA asambhava hai ? jahA~-jahA~ isakI sthiti asambhava hai, vahA~ chor3akara anya kSetroM meM hI isakI sthiti para vicAra kiyA jAnA cAhiye /

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448 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha 2. zravaNabelagolA ke lekhoM meM isa deza sambandhI kyA jAnakArI hai ? 3. kyA prAcIna kAla meM golApUrva, golAlAre va golasighAre jAtiyA~ eka hI pradeza kI vAsI thIM ? yaha sthAna kahA~ thA ? 4. yaha kSetra gollAdeza kaba se va kisa kAraNa se kahalAyA ? isake ullekha milanA kyoM banda ho gaye ? 5. gollAcArya kauna the ? unakA samaya kyA thA ? Adi granthoM se gollAdeza ko sthiti kA nirdhAraNa [ khaNDa kuvalayamAlAkahA ina granthoM se patA calatA hai ki 8-12 vIM sadI ke AsapAsa bhArata ke adhikAMza bhAga meM karIba 18 pramukha deza - bhASAyeM bolI jAtI thiiN| inameM se sabhI dezoM ko ( gollAdeza ke chor3akara) sahI pahicAna kI jA sakatI hai| Adhunika bhArata kA jo bhASAzAstrIya vibhAjana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha ina granthoM ke vibhAjana se kAphI milatA hai| yaha sambhava hai ki alaga-alaga bhASAoM va boliyoM kI sImAoM meM taba se aba taka kucha parivartana ho gayA ho kyoMki janasamudAya kI anyatra Asa-pAsa jAkara basane kI pravRtti rahI hai| phira bhI, sugamatA ke lie yUnivarsiTI Apha zikAgo dvArA prakAzita 'e hisTArikala aiTalasa Apha sAutha eziyA meM Adhunika bhASAzAstrIya vibhAjana ke mAnacitra kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / ina dezoM kI pahicAna isa taraha se kI jA sakatI hai : 1. AMdhra yaha spaSTa hI vartamAna telugU bhASA kSetra arthAt AMdhra pradeza haiN| isameM telaMgAnA bhI zAmila hai| 2. karNATaka : kannar3a bhASI pradeza / kucha uttarI bhAga ko chor3akara vartamAna samasta karNATaka pradeza / 3. sidhu yaha pAkistAna kA sipa pradeza hai| mulatAnI hindI paMjAbI se milatI hai| ataH isameM se multAna nikAla denA caahie| kacchI siMdhI se milatI julatI hai / isaliye kaccha ko siMdhu deza meM mAnanA cAhie / isameM saurASTra zAmila hai| vartamAna rAjasthAna kA kucha bhAga bhI isameM mAnA jAnA caahiye| yaha bhAga prAcIna kAla meM gurjara rASTra kA bhAga mAnA jAtA thA kyoMki yahA~ gurjara jAti 4. gurjara vartamAna gujarAta kA rAjya thA / 5. mahArASTra: marAThI bhASI / isameM koMkaNa bhI mAnA jAnA cAhiye / vidarbha kA kAphI bhAga goMDa Adi jAtiyoM se basA thA, ise prAcIna mahArASTra meM nahIM mAnA jAnA cAhiye / 6. tAjika : vartamAna soviyata saMgha va cona-tAjika bhASI, pradeza / prAcIna kAla meM yahAM ke yArakanda va khotAna meM paMjAba Adi se vyApArika sambandha the| yahA~ aneka prAcIna brAhmI va kharoSThI lekha pAye gaye haiN| 7. Takku paMjAbI bhASI pAkistAnI va bhAratIya paMjAba, jammU va sambhavataH mulatAna ko bhI isI kSetra meM mAnA jAnA cAhie / hariyANA kA kucha bhAga / 8. mAlaya vartamAna meM ise madhyapradeza kA mAlavA ho mAnA jAtA hai| vAstava meM rAjasthAna kA koTA ke AsapAsa kA kucha dakSiNI bhAga bhI prAcIna mAlava kA bhAga thaa| yahAM prAcona kAla meM mAlava jAti kA rAjya thaa| 9. maru | mAravAr3o bhASI pradeza | rAjasthAna se prAcIna gurjara rASTra, prAcIna mAlava va brajabhASI kSetra ko nikAla kara jo zeSa hai, use hI maru samajhA jAnA cAhiye / 10. magadha bihArI va bhojapurI (pUrvI uttara pradeza ) bhASI pradeza 11. kozala isa nAma ke do sthAna the| eka to vArANasI ke AsapAsa va dUsarA madhyapradeza ke chattIsagar3ha ke AsapAsa dUsarA kSetra dakSiNa-kozala kahA jAtA hai| vartamAna meM donoM kSetroM kI bhASAyeM pUrvI hindI ke antargata AtI hai| ataH kozala dezabhASA kA kSetra pUrvI hindo (avadhI, baghelI va chattIsagar3hoM) kA hI mAnA jAnA caahiye|

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6] kuvalayamAlAkahA ke AdhAra para gollAdeza va gollAcArya kI pahicAna 449 12. antarveda : gaMgA-yamunA ke bIca ke doAba kA adhikatara bhAga / 13. madhyadeza : isameM vartamAna madhyapradeza mAnanA bhrama hI hogaa| isakI pazcimI sImA sarasvatI nadI isakI dakSiNI sImA gaMgA nadI taka atyanta prAcIna kAla meM yaha AryoM ke ( jo sUkha cukI hai) va pUrvI sImA prayAga mAnI gaI hai / antarveda ko alaga mAnane se mAnanA cAhiye / yaha vahI kSetra hai jahA~ Ajakala khar3I bolI bolI jAtI hai / nivAsa kSetra ke madhya meM thA, isIliye madhyadeza kahalAyA / 14. kIra : himAlaya ke kSetra meM basane vAloM kI (kirAta jati kI) bhASA / yaha sambhavataH vartamAna nepAlI nahIM, parantu prAcInatara nevArI Adi haiN| ise anArya ( arthAt iMDo-yUropiyana nahIM) mAnA gayA hai / isa sUcI meM dakSiNa kI tamila, malayAlama va pUrva ko baMgAlI kA ullekha nahIM hai / lekhaka ke uttara-pazcima bhAga meM rahane ke kAraNa use sambhavataH ina dUrastha dezoM kI jAnakArI nahIM rahI hogI / kuvalayamAlA kahA meM khasa, pArasa (pharasI kSetra) va babaMra (ajJAta) kA ullekha bhI hai / bhArata meM kAphI bar3A pradeza vanAcchAdita thA, jahA~ goMDa Adi jAtiyoM kA nivAsa thA / dakSiNI madhyapradeza, vidarbha va ur3IsA meM Aja bhI bar3I saMkhyA meM inakA nivAsa hai / yahA~ na to mahattvapUrNa sthAna the, na adhika AvAgamana thA / isI kAraNa isa kSetra ko uparokta deza - bhASAoM meM zAmila nahIM kiyA gayA / uparokta kSetroM ke nikAla dene ke bAda bhArata meM braja va bundelakhaNDI bolI jAtI hai / donoM pazcimo hindI gollAdeza kI sthiti yahI honA cAhiye / ke zravaNabelagolA ke lekha se niSkarSa zravaNabelagolA meM kucha bArahavIM zatI ke lekha haiM, inameM kisI gollAcArya kA ullekha hai / gollAdeza kI sthiti ke nirdhAraNa meM va gollAdeza ke itihAsa ke adhyayana ke liye yaha mahattvapUrNa haiM / mahAnavamI maMDapa meM yAdava vaMzI nArasiMha (prathama) ke maMtrI hunna dvArA mahAmaNDalAcArya devakIrti paNDita ke svargavAsa para niSadyAnirmANa kiye jAne kA ullekha hai / zak 1085 ( I0 1163) ke isa lekha meM devakIrti kI guru-paramparA kA nirdeza hai / gollAcArya ke bAre meM kahA gayA hai ki gollAcArya golladeza ke rAjA the jinhoMne kisI kAraNa se dIkSA le lI thI / nAma nahIM hai / sirpha itanA kahA gayA haiM ki ye akalaMka kI paramparA meM nandigaNa ke dezogaNa meM paramparA (1) ke anusAra hai yahA~ inake guru kA hue the| inakI ziSya (1) 1173 I0 meM ziSyaparamparA gollAcArya addhika padmanandi (kaumAradeva ) eka hI mahattvapUrNa bhUkhaNDa bacatA hai / yaha vaha bhAga hai jahA~ antargata haiM va Apasa meM kAphI samAna haiM / ataH prAcIna kulabhUSaNa kulacandradeva mAghanandi muni ( kolApurIya ) gaNDavimuktadeva devakIti / (2) 1115 meM ziSyaparamparA golAcArya trakAlyayogI abhayanandi ekaTTe vasati ke pazcima meM eka maMDana ke stambha meM mahApradhAna daNDanAyaka gaMgarAja dvArA meghacandra traividya ke nidhana para zak 1037 (I0 1115) meM vidyA ke nirmANa kA ullekha hai| isameM bhI gollAcArya ke gollAdeza ke zAsaka hone sakalacandra meghacandra traividha

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450 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa kA ullekha / yahA~ mahattva kI bAta yaha hai ki unheM kisI 'nUlacandila' rAjavaMza kA kahA gayA hai / gollAcArya ke guru kA ullekha nahIM hai, para unheM mahendrakIti ke ziSya vIraNaMdI kI paramparA meM batAyA gayA hai / yahA~ gollAcArya kI ziSya paramparA uparokta ( 2 ) ke anusAra dI gaI hai / sarvAtigandhAvaraNa vasati ke maMDapa meM zaka 1068 ( I0 1146 ) ke lekha meM uparokta medhacandra traividyakI paramparA meM hue prabhAcandra kA ullekha hai / isa lekha meM ve prathama 41 padya nahIM haiM jo eraDukaTTe vasati ke lekha meM haiM / inameM gollAcArya sambandhI zloka bhI haiM / karNATaka meM hI eka anya sthAna meM eka bhagna stambha para bArahavIM sadI kA eka lekha hai / isameM gollAcArya, unake ziSya guNacandra va unake ziSya indranandi, nandimuni va kanti kA ullekha hai / lekha yA usakA zabdaza: anuvAda upalabdha nahIM ho sakA hai / phalataH yahA~ para itanA jAna lenA paryApta hai ki gollAcArya gollAdeza ke the va nUtnacaMdila vaMza ke the / caMdila spaSTa hI caMdela kA rUpAntara hai / isI prakAra se khaNDelavAla ko khaDillavAla kahA gayA hai / nUtna nannuka kA rUpAntara jAna par3atA hai, ye caMdela rAjavaMza ke sthApaka mAne gaye haiM / ataH golla yA gollAdeza caMdeloM ke rAjya meM honA cAhiye / gollApUrNa golAlAre va gorlAsaghAre jAtiyoM kA mUla sthAna ina jaina jAtiyoM ke bAre meM aisA mAnA jAtA rahA hai ki inakA prAcIna kAla meM kucha sambandha thA / Age ke adhyayana se spaSTa hai, yaha dhAraNA sahI mAlUma hotI hai| isake itihAsa ke adhyayana se gollAdeza ke nirdhAraNa meM bhI madada milatI hai / kisI bhI jAti ke prAcIna nivAsasthAna ko jAnane ke liye nimna binduoM kA adhyayana upayogI hai : 1. jAti ke nAma kA vizleSaNa : jAtiyoM ke adhyayana se yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki lagabhaga sabhI jAtiyoM kA nAma sthAnoM ke nAma para AdhArita hai / udAharaNArtha, agravAla agarohA (agrotaka) ke, zrImAla (brAhmaNa va baniyA) zrImAla ke, zrIvAstava (kAyastha Adi ) zrAvastI ke, jujhautiyA brAhmaNa jujhota (jejAkabhukti) ke vAsI rahe haiM / isa kAraNa eka hI sthAna se nikalI kaI varga kI jAtiyoM kA nAma eka hI haiM / udAharaNa ke liye : kanaujiyA ( kAnyakubja ) : brAhmaNa, ahIra, bahanA, bhar3abhUMjA, bhATa, dahAyata, darjI, dhobI, halavAI, luhAra, mAlI, nAI, paTavA, sunAra va telI / jaisavAla (jaisa, jilA rAyabarelI) : baniyA, baraI (panavAr3I), kuramI, kalAra, camAra va khaToka / zrIvAstava (zrAvastI) : kAyastha, bhar3abhUMjA, darjI, telI / khaMDelavAla (khaMDelA) : brAhmaNa, baniyA / baghela (baghelakhaMDa) : bhilAla, goMDa, lodhI, mAlI, paMvAra | 2. bolI : jaba eka jAti ke loga anyatra jAkara basa jAte haiM, taba kaI pIr3hiyoM taka apane pUrvajoM kI bhASA kA prayoga karate rahate haiM / 3. visthApana kI dizA : bahuta se parivAroM meM sau yA do sau varSa pUrva ke pUrvajoM ke sthAna kI smRti banI rahatI hai / eka hI jAti ke aneka parivAroM ke itihAsa se yaha mAlUma ho sakatA hai ki yaha kisa dizA se Akara basI hai / 4. vartamAna meM nivAsa kisI jAti ke dUra-dUra taka phaila jAne para bhI aksara usake kendrIya sthAna meM usakA nivAsa banA rahatA hai | udAharaNArtha, hariyANA ke AsapAsa Aja bhI agravAla kAfI saMkhyA meM haiM /

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kuvalayamAlAkahA ke AdhAra para gollAdeza va gollAcArya kI pahicAna 451 5. prAcIna zilAlekha : zilAlekha kisI jAti ke prAcIna nivAsa sthAna ke sabase mahatvapUrNa sUcaka haiN|' 6. gotroM ke nAma : aneka jAtiyoM ke kaI gotroM ke nAma sthAna sUcaka haiM / gotroM ke nAma se saikar3oM varSa pUrva ke nivAsa sthAna ko pahicAna kI jA sakatI hai| tInoM jAtiyoM meM golApUrvo kI saMkhyA sabase adhika hai (lagabhaga 24000) / ina para kAphI jAnakArI bhI upalabdha hai / isa jAti kA saMkSipta itihAsa Age diyA gayA hai| golAlAroM kI vartamAna janasaMkhyA karIba 12,000 hai / sana 1915 meM inakI sabase adhika saMkhyA lalitapura meM (400) thii| isase kama janasaMkhyA (270) bhiMDa meM thI / inakA prAcIna nivAsa bhiMDa ke AsapAsa thA, aisA mAnA gayA hai / inake zilAlekha gyArahavI zatI ke uttarArdha se milate haiM jinameM golArADe nAma prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ye gollArASTra ke nivAsI hone ke kAraNa hI golArADe kahalAye / isI prakAra se mahArASTra ke nivAsI marAThe, saurASTra ke nivAsI soraThe va kArASTra ke nivAsI karhADe kahalAye / ahAra ke lekhoM meM eka gagaMrATa jAti kA ullekha hai / ye sambhavataH gaMgarADa (ji0 jhAlAvAr3a) se nikale gaMgarADe yA gaMgeravAla haiN| golasiMghAre lagabhaga 1400 kI janasaMkhyA kI eka laghusaMkhya jAti hai / isake prAcIna ullekha 17vIM zatAbdI se pUrva dekhane meM nahIM aaye| lekhoM meM inheM golazrRMgAra kahA gayA hai| san 1912 meM inakI sabase adhika janasaMkhyA (298) iTAvA meM thii| inakA prAcIna sthAna bhI bhiMDa ke AsapAsa kahA jAtA hai| golApUvaM jAti kA bArahavIM sadI ke AsapAsa kA nivAsa sthAna nizcita rUpa se pahicAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki 1. inameM buMdelakhaMDI hI bolane kI paramparA hai / 2. kaI golApUrva parivAroM ke pUrvaja TIkamagar3ha, chatarapura, sAgara Adi jiloM se anyatra pichale 100-2.. varSoM meM jAkara base haiN| 3. san 1940 kI golApUrva DAyarekTarI ke anusAra inako kAfo janasaMkhyA Tokamagar3ha jile meM kharagApura, baldevagar3ha va kakaravAhA ke AsapAsa, chatarapura jile meM gulagaMja, malaharA va daraguoM ke AsapAsa, lalitapura jile sojanA, maMDAvarA va girAra ke AsapAsa va sAgara jile meM serApura, zAhagar3ha va barAyaThA ke AsarAsa bapatA hai| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki ye saba sthAna dhasAna nadI ke donoM ora 15-20 mIla ke andara-andara hI hai| 4. ina sthAnoM meM golApUrva anvaya ke prAcInatama zilAlekha haiM / lekhoM meM kaI bAra gollApUrva zabda prayukta huA hai / kucha lekhoM kI sUcanAeM nimna hai : (a) papaurA (ji0 TIkamagar3ha) (1) saM0 1202 kA Tur3A ke putra gopAla, usako patno mAhiNI va putra sAMThu kA lekha / (2) saM0 1202 kA galle va usake putra akalana kA lekha / (3) chatarapura (1) saM0 1205 kA arAsta, usakI patnI lahukaNa va putra sAMtana va AlhaNa kA lekha / (2) saMbhavataH isI samaya kA kakkA ke putra vosala Adi kA lekha / chatarapura meM kucha lekha par3he nahIM jA sake haiN| (sa) ahAra (1) saM0 1203 kA tAvade, patnI jasamatI va putra laMpAvana kA lekha / (2) saM0 1213 kA jAlha, patnI malakA va putra pohAvana kA lekha / (3) saM0 1213 kA jAlha pAnI malahA va putra saudeva, rAjajasa va vachala kA lekha / (4) saM0 1231 kA devananda, putra amara va patno praviNI kA lekha / (5) 1237 ke 3 lekha / /

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452 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa (ba) nAvaI (lalitapura) (1) saM0 1203 kA nande va acche kA mAnastambhoM para lekha / (ya) lalitapura (1) saM01243 kA rAla, patnI campA, unake putra yolhe, usakI patnI vAdiNI va unake putra rAmacaMdra, vijayacaMdra, udayacaMdra va hAlalacaMdra kA lekha / (ra) bahorIbaMda (1) saM0 1010 yA 1070 kA cedi ke kalacuri gayAkarNa ke rAjyakAla kA, golApUrva anvaya ke zrIsarvadhara ke putra mahAbhoja kA lekha / isa lekha kA saMvata ThIka se nahIM par3hA gayA hai| gayAkarNa kA samaya kA I0 1123 se I0 1153 taka mAnA gayA hai / ataH 1070 zaka saMvat hI honA caahiye| bahorIbaMda kA lekha saMbhavataH kisI pravAsI parivAra kA hai jo vyApAra ke liye nikaTastha kalacAra rAjya meM basa gayA hogaa| (sa) mahobA 1. saM0 1219 kA bhasma kA AdinAtha pratimA para lekha / 2. saM0 1243 kA rAlu patnI caMpA, unake putra polhe, usakI patnI vAMchihaNI va unake putra rAmacaMdra va vijayacaMdra ke lekha kA abhinaMdana pratimA para lekha / yaha vahI parivAra hai jisakA lalitapura kI pratimA meM ullekha hai| 3. saM0 1243 kI munisuvrata pratimA para lekha / yaha pUrA par3hA nahIM gayA hai| yahAM para saM0 821, 822 (saMbhavataH donoM kalacuri saM0 haiM), 1144 va 1209 kI mUrtiyoM ke nirmAtA kI jAti kA ullekha nahIM hai / mahobA caMdeloM kI rAjadhAnI rahI thii| saMbhavataH isa kAraNa se yahAM anyatra se golApUvaM Akara base hoN| Upara ghasAna nadI ke Asa-pAsa jisa kSetra kA ullekha hai, usameM golApUvoM ke bArahavIM zatAbdI se aba taka ke sabhI sadiyoM ke lekha hai| kaI anya lekha yA to aba taka par3he nahIM gaye hai yA unake nirmANakartA kI jAti kA ullekha nahIM hai| gotra saM0 1825 (I0 1768) meM khaTaurA (khaTaulA, chatarapura) nivAsI navalasAha caMderiyA ne vardhamAna purANa kI racanA kI thii| briTiza rAjya ke pUrva kA kevala yahI eka graMtha hai jisameM golApUrva jAti ke bAre meM vizeSa jAnakArI dI gaI hai| isameM golApUrva jAti ke 58 gotra ginAye gaye haiN| isa graMtha ke vibhinna pAThAMtaroM va anya gotrAvaliyoM ko milAne se karIba 76 gotroM ke nAma milate haiN| inameM se aba kevala 33 gotra zeSa hai| 76 meM se adhikatara sthAnoM ke nAma para AdhArita haiM / inameM se kucha isa prakAra pahacAne jA sakate hai / caMderiyA-caMderI (TIkamagar3ha, baldevagar3ha ke pAsa) papaurayA-papaurA (Tokamagar3ha, baldevagar3ha ke pAsa) milasaiyAM-bhelasI (TIkamagaDha, baldevagar3ha ke pAsa) soravA-soraI (lalitapura, maDAvarA ke pAsa) daragaiyAM-daraguvAM (ji0 chatarapura, hIrApura ke pAsa) kanakapuriyA-kannapura (TIkamagar3ha, baldevagar3ha ke pAsa)

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6] kuvalayamAlA kahA ' ke AdhAra para gollAdeza va gollAcArya kI pahicAna 453 hIrApuriyA - hIrApura (sAgara) majhagaiyAM - majhaguvAM (ji0 chatarapura, baksvAhA ke pAsa ) dhamoniyA - dhAmonI ( sAgara ) / uparokta 9 meM se kevala caMderiyA va milasaiyA~ hI zeSa haiM anya gotra naSTa ho cuke haiM / ye sabhI sthAna dhasAna nadI ke donoM ora 15-20 mIla ke aMtargata hI haiM / Upara ke vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki 11-12vIM se 18-19vIM sadI taka golApUrva jAti kA mukhya nivAsa nadI ke donoM ora, akSAMza 25 se 24 taka, thA / kaI lekhakoM kA anumAna thA ki golApUrvI kA mUla sthAna orachA rAjya (vartamAna TIkamagar3ha jilA ) thA / para yaha mata bhramajanaka ho sakatA hai / orachA ke adhikatara bhAga meM (vizeSakara orachA ke cAroM ora 40 mIla taka ) golApUrvI kA nivAsa nahIM thA / lalitapura, sAgara va chatarapura jile ke kucha bhAgoM meM golApUrvI kA prAcInakAla se nivAsa spaSTa siddha hotA hai / 11 - 12vIM sadI se pUrva golApUrvI kA nivAsa kahA~ thA ? yaha prazna mahatvapUrNa hai / navalasAha caMderiyA ne vardhamAna purANa meM 84 vaizya jAtiyoM kI nAmAvalI ke bAda likhA hai / tina meM golApUrva ko utapati kahIM bakhAna / saMbodhe zrI Adijina, ikSvAka vaMza paravAna || goyalagar3ha ke vAsI tesa, Ae zrI jina Adi jineza / caraNakamala praNamaiM dhara zIsa, aru astuti kInI jagadIza // taba prabhu kRpAvaMta atibhaye, zrAvaka vrata tinahU ko daye / kriyAcaraNa kI dInI sIkha, Adara sahita gahI nija ThIka // pUrvahi thApI naita nu eha, aru goyalagar3ha thAna kaheha / tAteM golApUraba nAma, bhASyoM zrIjinavara abhirAma // adhikatara vidvAnoM ne goyalagar3ha ko gvAliyara mAnA hai / paramAnanda zAstrI ne ise golAkoTa mAnA hai / lekina I0 1768 ke isa kathana ko kyA mahatva diyA jA sakatA hai ? gvAliyara ke Asa-pAsa dUra-dUra taka golApUrva jAti ke nivAsa kA koI cinha nahIM pAyA gayA hai / Upara kahA jA cukA hai ki golAlora va golasiMdhAre jAtiyoM kA prAcIna nivAsa bhiMDa ke Asa-pAsa mAlUma hotA hai | eTA (u0 pra0) ke saM0 1335 (1278 I0) ke eka lekha meM mUlasaMgha ke golalataka anvaya ke kucha vyaktiyoM dvArA tIna mUrtiyoM kI sthApanA kA ullekha hai / isa jAti ke bAre meM koI anya jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai / golApUrva nAma kI tIna anya ajaina jAtiyA~ haiM / inameM golApUrva darjI va golApUrva kalAra jAtiyoM ke bAre meM bhI koI sUcanA nahIM hai | paraMtu golApUrva nAma kI eka brAhmaNa jAti ke bAre meM kucha jAnakArI prApya hai / golA pUrva brAhmaNoM kI janasaMkhyA saMbhavataH eka se chaha lAkha ke bIca hogI / inakA pramukha kAma paurohitya Adi nahIM, balki khetI, jamIMdArI Adi hai / inakA nivAsa AgarA jile ke Asa-pAsa hai / AcAra vyavahAra Adi se inheM sanADhya brAhmaNoM se saMbaMdhita mAnA gayA hai| gvAliyara rAjya ke uttarI bhAga meM ( aMbAha ke Asa-pAsa ) inake kucha gA~va the / kaI lekhakoM ne isa bAta kI saMbhAvanA vyakta kI hai ki ho sakatA hai ki golApUrva jaina va golApUrva brAhmaNa jAtiyA~ prAcInakAla meM eka hI rahI hoM / paraMtu vizeSa adhyayana se yaha saMbhAvita nahIM lagatA / para isa bAta kI pUrI saMbhAvanA hai ki ye kabhI eka hI sthAna kI vAsI rahI hoNgii| agara golAlAre, golasiMghAre, golApUrva brAhmaNa jAtiyA~ eka hI kSetra ke (AgarA, bhiMDa, iTAvA Adi) nivAsI thI, to golApUrva jaina bhI kabhI usI kSetra ke vAsI hone cAhiye / 58

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t khaNDa 454 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha yahA~ do praznoM para vicAra mahatvapUrNa hai / kyA navalasAha caMderiyA kA aitihAsika jJAna vizvAsa ke yogya hai ? yadi hai, to goyalagar3ha sthAna kauna sA hai ? paM0 mohanalAla kAvyatIrthaM (golApUrva DAyarekTarI ke saMpAdaka) ne navalasAha ke lekhana ko vizvasanIya nahIM mAnA thA / paraMtu dhyAna se parIkSA karane para navalasAha ke kathana aksara prAmANika nikalate haiM / navalasAha ne apane se chaha pIr3hI pahale ke pUrvaja bhelasI nivAsI bhISamasAha dvArA saM0 1691 ( arthAt 174 varSa pUrva) gajaratha calavAkara siMghaI pada pAne kA ullekha kiyA hai / yaha spaSTa hI sahI hai kyoMki bhIkhamasAha caMderiyA dvArA nirmita saM0 1691 kA maMdira bhelasI meM Aja bhI hai / navalasAha ne caMderiyA baiMka (gotra) ke cAra kheroM (grAmoM) kA ullekha kiyA hai / yaha jAnakArI taba kI hai jaba caMderiyA kula ke loga kevala cAra grAmoM meM basate the / navalasAha ke pUrvaja bar3akhere ke nivAsI the / itanA hI nahIM, navalasAha ne apane prAcIna kAla ke pUrvaja golhanasAha ( golhUNa sAhU) ke bAre meM bhI likhA hai jo canderI ke nivAsI the / zilAlekhoM se patA calatA hai ki gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatAbdI meM isa prakAra ke nAma kAfI lokapriya the| navala sAha ko golhana sAha se bhISama sAha taka bhI kucha jAnakArI upalabdha thI, parantu "titane jo saba varNana karo, bAr3he graMtha pAra nahIM tharau" / navalasAha ne goyalagar3ha kA ullekha kisI zruta paramparA ke AdhAra para kiyA thA, yaha mAnanA par3egA / goyalagar3ha gvAliyara hI mAlUma hotA hai / goyalagar3ha to padya ke lie prayukta goyalagar3ha kA rUpAntara hai / yahA~ para gvAliyara ke itihAsa va gvAliyara zabda kI utpatti para vicAra Avazyaka hai | gvAliyara nAma kisI gvAliya RSi ke nAma para par3A kahA jAtA hai / para yaha Adhunika kalpanA hI hai / prAcIna lekhoM meM ise gopAdri, gopAcala Adi kahA gayA hai / isakA artha hai ki parvata kA sambandha gopa jAti se yA kisI gopa vyakti se mAnA jAtA thA / gopa zabda ke kaI rUpAntara haiM-- uttara bhArata meM gvAla, gvalA, gAvalI, gAvarI Adi / dakSiNa bhArata meM aneka caravAhA jAtiyA~ hai - ye ye saba gollA kahalAtI haiN| gvAliyara zabda meM prathama bhAga gvAla arthAt gopa hI hai / dUsarA bhAga sambhava hai gar3ha kA apabhraMza ho / yadyapi yaha pravRtti sandeharahita nahIM hai | gvAliyara ke kile ke prAcInatama lekha hUNa (zaka) toramANa va usake putra mihirakula ke haiM / toramANa paMjAba ke zAkala sthAna kA rAjA thA, skandagupta kI mRtyu ke bAda usane madhya bhArata para adhikAra kara liyA thA / kuvalayamAlAkahA ke anusAra toramANa harigupta nAma ke jaina AcArya kA anuyAyI thA / isake eraNa (ji0 sAgara) ke pAsa I0 495 kA lekha va sikke mile haiM / 535 ke AsapAsa kausmata iMdikoplUstasa (arthAt bhArata mArgadarzaka) nAma ke groka ( yavana) lekhaka ne araba, fArasa, bhArata Adi dezoM kI yAtrA kA vivaraNa kiyA hai / isane gollAsa nAma ke kiso zaktizAlI rAjA kA ullekha kiyA hai / grIka bhASA meM nAmoM ke bAda s lagatA hai (jaise saMskRta meM visarga lagatA hai), isa kAraNa se nAma gollA honA cAhie / itihAsakAroM kA anumAna hai ki yaha mihirakula hai jise I0 533 ke lekha ke anusAra yazodharmA ne parAsta kiyA thA / mihirakula ko mihiragula bhI likhA gayA hai, gollAgula kA hI rUpa hai, aisA anumAna kiyA gayA hai / parantu yaha bhI sambhava lagatA hai ki gollAdeza (gvAliyara ke AsapAsa) kA adhipati hone ke kAraNa vaha gollAsa kahalAyA / yadi navalasAha kA kathana mAnA jAe, to gollApUrva jAti gyArahavIM-bArahavIM sadI se kaI sau varSa pahale gvAliyara ke AsapAsa ke kSetra se jAkara basI thI yaha mAnane se eka anya samasyA kA samAdhAna ho jAtA hai / golAlAre, iTAvA Adi jiloM meM) basatI haiM / (bhiMDa, AgarA, / golasiMghAre va golApUrva brAhmaNa jAtiyA~ gvAliyara ke AsapAsa hI golA pUrva jaina jAti kA bhI prAcInatama nivAsa yahI honA cAhiye dasavIM - gyArahavIM sadI ke pUrva mUrtilekhoM kA pracalana bahuta hI kama thA / isake pahile ke adhikatara zilAlekha rAjAoM ke milate haiM, sAmAnyajanoM ke nahIM / isI kAraNa se vAliyara ke AsapAsa golA pUrva jAti ke lekha nahIM haiM /

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hamAre sahayogI : svAgata samiti sadasya-gaNa saMsthAyeM, TrasTa evaM kSetra 1. bhA0 dina vidvata pariSada, 8. zrI harizcaMdra mahArAnI devI TrasTa, sAgara 2100 00 jabalapura 501 00 2. bhA. di. jaina saMgha, mathurA 1000 00 9. maMtrI, papaurA kSetra, TIkamagar3ha 251 .. 3. di. jaina varNI zodha saMsthAna, kAzI 1000 00 10. maMtrI, atizaya kSetra, khajurAho 500 4. zrI syAdAda mahAvidyAlaya, kAzI 501 00 / 1.a. subhASa jaina, adhyakSa jaina zikSA 5. zrI di0 jaina paravAra sabhA, jabalapura 3000 00 saMsthA, kaTanI 2502 00 6. maMtrI, bhAgacaMdra iTaurayA nyAsa, damoha 501 00 10ba. ToDaramala kanhaiyAlAla pAramArthika 7. zrI bhagavAnadAsa zobhAlAla ceri TrasTa, kaTanI 5000 00 Tebula TrasTa, sAgara 501 00 10sa. jaina TrasTa, rIvA 201 00 251 samAjasevI sahAyaka evaM ziSya maMDalI 11. sAhU zreyAMsa prasAda jaina, bambaI 1000 00 32. zrI dharmacaMdra jaina bAjhala, pathariyA 251 .. 12. mANikacaMdra cavare, kAraMjA 1000 00 33. zrI sumeracaMda jI bAjhala , 251 00 13. zrI paMcamalAla jaina, amalAI 51 00 34. zrI sAbUlAla jI pArA , 251 00 14. zrI saguna candra TaDaiyA, umareDa 101 00 35. DA0 nemIcaMdra jaina 251 15. zrI esa0 sI0 jaina, rIvA 101 00 36. zrI DAlacaMdra jaina 251 16. DA0 rUpacaMdra jaina, satanA 251 00 37. zrI hemacaMdra jaina 17. DaoN0 DI0 ke jaina, bhiMDa 251 00 38. zrI nArAyaNa prasAda jaina ,, 251 00 18. DA0 esa0 sI0 laharI, bhopAla 212 00 39. zrI bhAgacaMdra jaina 251 00 19. zrI esa0 sI0 jaina, vidizA 251 00 40. zrI harizcaMdra jaina 251 00 20. zrI esa0 ena0 jaina, satanA 101 41. zrI kaparacaMdra jaina potadAra, TIkamagar3ha 251 00 21. zrI mahendrakumAra malayA, sAgara 251 00 42. zrI dhannAlAlajI motIvAlA, 22. zrI jIvanalAla baheriyA, sAgara 101 00 jabalapura 101 23. zrI bAbUlAla jaina sAgara 201 00 43. narezacaMdra jI gaDhAvAla, jabalapura 251 00 24. bra0 kalyANadAsa jI, sIhorA 101 00 44. zrI pannAlAla jaina, baragI 251 00 25. DaoN. jJAnacaMdra Aloka, bambaI 252 45. zrI DAlacaMdra jaina , 251 26. DaoN. dharmacaMdra jaina, sivanI 251 46. DA. surezacaMdra jaina, lakhanAdauna 101 00 27. zrI jayamAlA jI jaina, dillI 251 00 47. zrI pI0 sI0 jaina, , 251 00 28. DA0 kapUracaMdra jaina sakerA, TIkamagar3ha 251 00 48. zrI vijaya kumAra jaina, sivanI 251 29. zrI khemacaMdra jaina, zahaDola 251 00 49. zrI zikharacaMdra jaina, zahaDola 251 .. 30. zrI kezaracaMdra jaina jI nAyaka 251 00 50. zrI naMdana lAla jaina, zahaDola 251 00 31. zrI pUranacaMdra jaina, pathariyA 251 00 51. DaoN0 ke0 ela0 jaina, , 250 00

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456 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda graMtha [ khaNDa 500 51 52. paM0 phUlacaMdra jI zAstrI 201 00 86. nIraja jaina, zAMtisadana, satanA 251 00 53. DaoN0 DI0 sI0 dAnapati, jabalapura 151 87. zrImatI zAMti jaina, satanA 251 00 54. zrI nemIcaMda jaina, sI0 I0 , 251 00 88. premacaMdra jaina, ThekedAra, jabalapura 251 00 55. zrI ratanacaMdra jI jaina, pATana 89. dayAcaMdra bAbUlAla jI modI, teMdUkher3A 251 00 56. zrI dhanyakumAra siMghaI, kaTanI 2001 90. kaMchedI lAla premacaMdra goyala, teMdUkher3A 251 00 57. DaoN0 Ara0 ke0 jaina, rIvA 91. surezacaMdra pAMDe, teMdUkher3A 251 00 58. zrI ajitakumAra jaina, chatarapura 251 92. DAlacaMdra surezacaMdra jaina, teMdUkher3A 251 00 59. zrI premacaMdra jaina , 93. zrImatI cadradevI jaina, dharmapatnI 60. zrI bI0 sI0 jaina, esa0 I0, bhopAla 251 motI lAla jaina, sAgara 1001 00 61. zrI kailAzacaMdra jaina, karakelI 251 00 94. dAdA nemicandra, jabalapura 1000 00 62. DaoN0 esa0 ela0 jaina, vArANasI 101 95. mulAyamacandra jaina , 501 00 63. DaoN0 phUlacaMdra premI , 101 96. bhUramala jaina , 101 00 64. zrI mANikacaMdra jI kaThanerA, bhopAla 101 97. vijaya kumAra jI malaiyA, damoha 1101 00 65. zrI pI0 sI0 jaina, esa0 I0 bhopAla 201 98. rUpacaMda jI bajAja, damoha 501 00 66. zrI je0 pI0 jaina, upasaciva, bhopAla 250 99. DaoN0 bAbUlAla jaina, azoka nagara 251 00 67. zrI esa0 ke0 sonI, bhopAla 261 100. bI0 ke0 Ayarana eMDa sTIla prAIveTa 68. zrImatI AzA sonI , 261 00 li0, dehalI 251 00 69. zrImatI manoramA nAyaka, 261 00 101. zrImaMta seTha riSabha kumAra jaina, khuraI 1000 00 zrI Ara0 ke0 jaina, DI0 I0, satanA 251 00 102. devakumAra siMha kAsalIbAla, indaura 251 00 71. DaoN0 aravindakumAra jaina, lalitapura 251 00 103. ena0 ke0 seThI, mAnada maMtrI 72. zrI sumatiprakAza jI jaina, dillI 251 00 mahAvIra jI 251 00 73. lAla mehatAba siMha kI jaina, dillI 251 00 104. siMghaI sumatakumAra vivekakumAra jaina 74. zrImatI mAlA jaina, rIvA 51 mAMsI 501 00 75. zrI sureza jaina, upasaciva, bhopAla 251 00 105. DaoN0 bI0 sI0 jaina, nyU dehalI 211 00 76. zrI nimmI bAI, mAtuzrI kamala 106. vimala kumAra jaina, banArasa 251 00 kumAra jaina 107. nirmalacaMdajI jaina, eDavokeTa, jabalapura 501 00 77. zikharacaMdra ramezacaMdra jaina, kaTanI 251 00 108. javAhara lAla jaina bambaI 1101 00 78. dasaI lAla giradhArI lAla jaina, 109. siMghaI tArAcaMda jI jaina, damoha 251 00 kaTanI __00 110. siM0 prakAzacaMda jaina, eDavokeTa, damoha 251 00 79. vaMzIlAla jaina, kaTanI 111. mUlacaMda gulajArI lAla jaina, damoha 251 00 80. siMghaI viradhIcaMdra maganalAla jaina / 00 112. lakhamI caMda jI cauparA vAle damoha 251 00 81. sa0 siM0 jayakumAra jaina, sanata 113. khemacaMda jI baleha vAle damoha 251 00 enTaraprAijeja 251 00 114. gokula caMda jaina, karailI vAle damoha 251 00 52. gokulacaMdra giradhArIlAla jaina 251 .0 115. satIzajI sarApha, pro0 mahAvIra 83. khuzAlacaMdra premacaMdra jI jaina, vaghavAra 251 00 sAyakala sTorsa, damoha 251 00 54. lakSmIcaMdra bAjhala, hIrAgaMja, kaTanI 251 00 116. abhiSeka vastrAlaya, damoha 251 00 85. sa0 siM0 lakSmIcaMdra TekacaMdra, kaTanI 251 00 117. nAyaka bradarsa, damoha 251 0. 70.

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hamAre sahayogI 457 251 118. udayacaMda candrakumAra bajAja, damoha 251 .0 147. nirmala kumAra iTorayA pharma bhAgacaMda 119. dhavala eMDa kaM0, damoha 251 00 girIza kumAra, damoha 251 00 120. khemacaMda jI laharI, damoha 251 00 148. vardhamAna dAla mila, damoha 251 00 121. jamunA prasAda jI jujhAra vAle, damoha 251 00 149. ajIta kumAra jI divAkara, sAgara 251 122. cau0 kapUra caMda jI lakhamI caMda jI 251 00 150. nandarAma rUpacaMda jaina, damoha 251 123. seTha sumatacaMda devendra kumAra jI damoha 251 .. 151. zrImatI dezarAnI dharmapatnI seTha 124. siMghaI kastura caMda jI eDavokeTa 251 00 DAlacaMda, damoha 251 125. rUpacaMda jJAnacaMda jI sarApha damoha 251 152. pyAre lAla bhAgacaMda jaina, damoha 126. rAmasahAya nemIcaMda sarApha damoha 251 00 153. zrI harIza jaina, sIdhI 101 127. ratanacaMda jI jaina haTA vAle damoha 251 00 154. zrI rAjendra, Ara0 vI0 251 128. seTha gharamacaMda jI damoha 251 00 155. zrI motIlAla, bar3hakara 251 129. seThAnI jagarAnI baha damoha 251 00 156. DaoN0 esa0 sI jaina, rAyapura 151 130. siMghaI kanchedI lAla jI jaina damoha 501 00 157. DhA~0 hIrAlAla jaina, rIvA 131. gomatI prasAda jI seTha damoha phuTerA 251 00 158, nemIcandra jI jaina, dillI 251 132. zrImati chavarAnI bahU mohana lAla 159. sumeracaMdra jaina, DI0 TI0 e0 Ara0 251 jI karalI vAle damoha 251 00 160. dharmacaMdra sarAvagI, kalakattA 1111 00 133. khabacaMda jI ratanacaMda jI sarApha damoha 251 00 161. DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina, kAzI 101 00 134. vimalakumAra saMjayakumAra modI, damoha 251 00 162. DaoN. caMdrakumAra khAsagIvAlA, bosTana 346 50 135. siM0 khemacaMda azoka kumAra jI damoha 251 00 163. DaoN0 DI0 sI0 jaina, nyUyArka 101 .. 136. gulAba caMda ajIta kumAra malaiyA 251 00 164. sureza jaina, saMjaya meDIkala, rIvA 251 00 137. riSabha kumAra mAnava kumAra, damoha 251 .. 165. vimalakumAra sauMrayA 138. mAnaka lAla anila kumAra, damoha 251 00 166. nAthUrAma DoMgarIya 101 00 139. gulAbacaMda narendra kumAra bajAja, damoha 251 00 167. nirmala AjAda 201 00 140. cau0 rUpacaMda jI saMgala, damoha 251 00 168. zrI pI0 sI0 jaina, sI0 e0 141. co0 gopIcaMda anila kumAra, damoha 251 00 bilAsapura 201 00 142. cau0 gokulacaMda kapUracaMda, gauragaMja 251 169. zrI devendra siMghaI, AI0e0 esa0 201 00 143. nirmala kumAra bajAja, damoha 251 170. zrI bI0 ela0 jaina, AI0 epha. 144. prakAza caMda jI siMghaI nainadharA vAle 251 00 100 145. zrI nandana lAla nAyaka 251 .. 171. zrI je. ke. jaina, rIvA 151 146. zrImatI rAjakumArI bAI dharmapatnI 172. jaina kendra, rIvA ke mAdhyama se 202 zrI kastUracaMda jI, damoha 251 00 173. vhI0 ke0 gAMdhI, satanA 500 00 251 ... di0 jaina pAramArthika saMsthA, satanA (Ayojana samiti) dvArA ekatrita* zrI prakAzacandra jI jaina, jhAMsI vAle, zrI kelAzacandra jI jaina, adhyakSa jaina samAja, adhyakSa, Ayojana samiti 5100 00 satanA 2100 00 zrI RSabhadAsa jI jaina, sa0si0 daravArI zrI seTha Ananda kumAra jI jaina 2100 00 lAla ghAsIrAma 2100 10 zrI sItArAma jI sarAvagI 2100 ..

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458 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda graMtha zrI sa0 [saM0 prasanna kumAra sunIla kumAra, kaTanI zrI rAjendra kumAra phaujadAra hukuma candra jaina, svAgata maMtrI zrI mUlacandra jI jaina, amara jaina TrAnsaporTa zrI hemacanda jaina, rIvAvAlA zApa, satanA zrI amaracanda jI jaina, meDIkyora selsa zrI nIraja jI jaina, suSumA presa, satanA zrI somacanda jI jaina, somacanda enDa sansa zrI zAnti lAla jaina, pavana TreDiMga kampanI zrI devendra kumAra jI jaina, jaya iMjIniyariMga vakrsa, satanA zrI hukuma canda jI jaina rAmalAla natthUlAla zrI javAhara lAla jI jaina, anupama klAtha sTorsa, satanA 56,884.00 kula Aya 2100 2100 2100 1500 1500 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1000 00 00 00 00 00 oo 00 00 00 00 00 501 zrI somacandra jI jaina, kumAra sTorsa, satanA 501 zrI nirmala jI jaina, satanA zrI DA0 rUpa canda jI jaina, satanA yaha sUcI 31-3-90 taka kI hai truTiyA~ bhUla-cUka ke liye kSamAprArthI hU~ / 00 00 zrI prakAza canda jI jaina, akonA vAle zrI jayakumAra jI jaina, rAginI enTaraprAija zrI hukumacanda jI jaina, popalavAlA zApa zrI komala canda jI jaina, pIpalAvAlA zApa zrI somacadra jI jaina, jaina meDIkala ejensI zrI rAjendra kumAra jI jaina, adhyakSa, jaina klaba 501 00 501 00 parisaMgha, satanA 501 zrI harizcandra jaina, khajurAho TAnsaporTa 501 501 zrI RSabha kumAra jaina, subhASa TAnsaporTa zrI daravArIlAla phUlacanda jI jaina, devendranagara 501 zrI udayacandra jaina, satanA 501 zrI trilokacandra jaina, rupAlI vastra, satanA 501 zrI lakSmIcandra jaina, ahiMsA vastrAlaya satanA 501 zrI ratanacandra jaina, ilekTrikala imporiyama 501 zrI kalyAnAsa parasAdIlAla, satanA zrI kamalacandra aruNa kumAra jaina bradarsa zrImatI prabhAdevI rAjendra kumAra, satanA 501 Aya vyaya (1-1-87 se 31-3-90 taka ) 43,171.00 tArA priMTiMga presa 1,622.00 posTeja 482.00 sTezanarI 8,013.00 yAtrA vyaya 733.00 priMTiMga 1,350.00 lipikIya sahAyatA 55371.00 854.00 sahayoga jo prApta nahIM huA 56225.00 , 501 501 501 501 201 1. isameM zrI prakAza siMghaI dvArA ekatra rAzi tathA Ayojana samiti kI rAzi sammilita nahIM hai / 2. yaha Ayavyayaka anumAnita hai| pUrNa vivaraNa Ayojana ke bAda prasArita kiyA jAyagA / 501 501 [ khaNDa : : : : : 00 oo 00 00 00 00 00 oo 00 00 00

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paMDita jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda samAroha samiti ke sadasya gaNa DaoN0 harIndrabhUSaNa jaina, sadasya, saMpAdaka maMDala (ujjaina) DaoN0 kaMchedalAla jaina, sadasya, prabaMdha samiti zrI rUpacaMdra bajAja, preraka (damoha) zrI bhUramala jaina, preraka (jabalapura) DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina, preraka ( rIvA) paM0 goviMdarAma zAstrI, preraka (jhUmarI tilaiyA ) zrI bI0 sI0 jaina, preraka (naI dillI) ke asAmayika nidhana para apanA hArdika zoka vyakta karate haiM / hamArI kAmanA hai ki divaMgata AtmAoM ko zAMti evaM sadgati prApta ho / unake parivAra janoM ke prati hamArI samavedanA hai /

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