Gyan aur Karm

Author(s): Rupnarayan Pandey
Publisher: Hindi Granthratna Karyalaya
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010191/1

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120 [Form No. 212] Book No. UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, ALLAHABAD Date Slip The borrower must satisfy himself before leaving t obe cunter about the condition of the book which is certified to be complete and in good order. The last borrower is held responsible for all damages. An overdue charge of annas 2 per day per volume will be charged if the book is not returned on or before the date last stamped below.

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hindI-grantha-ratnAkarakA 44 vA~ grantha / - RAMERICA jJAna aura karma / kalakattA-hAIkorTa ke jaja svargIya sara gurudAsa banarjI nAITa, ema0 e0, pI0 eca0DI0DI0ela0 ke0 sI0AI0I0 ke suprasiddha baMgalAgranthakA anuvAda / anuvAdakapaNDita rUpanArAyaNa pANDeya / prakAzaka hindI-grantha-ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI / mAgha, 1977 vi0|| pharavarI, 1921 / prathamAvRtti / tya tIna rupyaa| jildasahitakA 3 // ) ru0|

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prakAzaka nAthUrAma premI, hindI-grantha-ratnAkara kAryAlaya, hiiraabaag-bmbii| mudraka, em. en. kulakarNI, karnATaka presa, 434 ThAkuradvAra, bmbii|

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ii prastAvanA | grantha- paricaya | Aja hama apane pAThakoMke samakSa eka apUrva aura mahattvapUrNa grantha upasthita kara rahe haiM ! hamArI samajhameM hindImeM abhItaka isa DhaMgakA aura itanI uccafter aura koI bhI grantha prakAzita nahIM huA hai / hamAre jina pAThakoMkA yaha khayAla hai ki anuvAdita granthoMse hindIkA gauraba bar3hatA nahIM hai, ve bhI isa granthako par3hakara yaha kahe binA na raheMge ki hindI-bhASA-bhASiyoMke lie gaMbhIra jJAnalAbhakA yaha eka bahuta uttama sAdhana taiyAra ho gayA hai / isa samaya bhAratameM pUrvIya aura pAzcAtya vicAroMkA abhUtapUrva saMgharSa ho rahA hai / dezake zikSitoMkA eka dala jahA~ pUrvIya vicAroMkA ananya bhakta hai vahA~ dUsarA dala kevala pAzcAtya vicAroMke pravAha meM A~kha banda karake bahA jA rahA hai / pahalA dala dUsare ko aura dUsarA pahaleko vicArazUnya kahakara apane Apako satpathagAmI samajhatA hai; parantu Azcarya yaha hai ki na pahalA dUsare ke vicAroMko acchI taraha samajhatA hai aura na dUsarA pahale ke vicAroMko / samajhane ke sAdhana bhI bahuta hI kama haiM / dezameM abhItaka aise vidvAn hue bhI a~guliyoM para ginane lAyaka hI haiM jinhoMne donoM prakArake vicAroMkA pAragAmI jJAna prApta kiyA hai

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aura unameM bhI aise to do cAra hI haiM jinhoMne isa prakArakA jJAna prApta karake use janatAke sAmane upasthita karanekA prayatna kiyA hai| isa granthake lekhaka svargIya nyAyadhIza sara gurudAsa vandyopAdhyAya aise hI vidvAnoMmeMse eka the / unake isa granthakI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yahI hai ki isameM pAThakoMko pUrvIya aura pazcimIya vicAroMke dIrghakAlIna adhyayanake paripakva phalakA AsAda milegaa| manuSyake antarjagat aura bahirjagatse sambandha rakhanevAlI jitanI bhI bAteM haiM, usake Atmika, mAnasika aura zArIrika sukhoMko bar3hAnevAle jitane bhI sAdhana haiM aura parivAra, jAti, sampradAya, deza, rAjya, Adike prati usake jitane bhI kartavya haiM, isa granthameM una sabhI para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / gaharese gahare dArzanika aura tAtvika vicAroMse lekara sAdhAraNase sAdhAraNa sagAIvivAha, khAna-pAna aura veSa-bhUSA sambandhI bAtoMkI bhI isameM carcA kI gaI hai| saca to yaha hai ki aisA koI bhI viSaya nahIM hai jisa para isameM kahIM na kahIM, mukhya yA gauNarUpameM, vicAra na kiyA gayA ho / ataena isa granthake sambandhameM niHsaMkoca hokara yaha bAta kahI jA sakatI hai ki-" yannehAsti na tatkva cit|" ___ granthakI racanApraNAlI bar3I hI praur3ha aura zRMkhalAbaddha hai| granthakartIne isa viSayameM prAcIna bhAratIya granthakartAoMkI usa dArzanika zailIkA anusaraNa kiyA hai jisameM saba viSaya yathAsthAna aura yathAkrama Ate jAte haiM aura kisI siddhAntase sambandha rakhanevAlA koI viSaya chUTane nahIM paataa| ___ granthakartA yadyapi aneka aMzoMmeM bhAratIya vicAroMke bhakta haiM; phira bhI unhoMne kahIM bhI apanI nyAyazIlatA aura taTasthatAko skhalita nahIM hone diyA hai / na unhoMne pAzcAtya vicAroMkI kahIM avahelanA kI hai aura na pUrvIya vicAroMke prati anucita pakSapAta kiyA hai / jahA~ unhoMne bahutase pAzcAtya vicAroMko vivekapUrvaka grahaNIya samajhA hai, vahA~ bahutase avicAritaramya pUrvIya vicAroMko tyAjya batalAne meM bhI bhaya nahIM khAyA hai| yaha bahuta saMbhava hai ki vividha ruciyoM aura vicAroM ke pAThaka isa granthake sabhI vicAroMse sahamata na hoM-saMsArameM Aja taka isa prakArakA koI grantha banA bhI nahIM hai jisake sabhI siddhAnta logoMne pasanda kiye hoM-parantu yaha

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bAta niHsaMkoca hokara kahI jA sakatI hai ki lekhakane jo kucha bhI likhA hai apanI sadasadviveka buddhiko nirantara jAgRta rakhakara aura kisI prakAra ke pakSa. pAtako Azraya diye binA likhA hai / apane pratipakSI vicAroMke prati bhI lekhakake hRdayakI sahAnubhUti sarvatra dikhalAI detI hai-una para kisI prakArakA kSobhayukta AkramaNa kahIM bhI nahIM kiyA gayA hai / isa viSayameM lekhakane apanI vItarAgatAko bahuta hI sAvadhAnIse surakSita rakkhA hai| hamArI samajhameM lekhakake isa guNake kAraNa yaha grantha prAcIna aura navIna, paurvAtya aura pAzcAtya, sabhI vicAroMke anuyAyI pAThakoMmeM zraddhApUrvaka par3hA jAyagA aura unake jJAnako bar3hAnemeM bahuta bar3I sahAyatA phuNcaavegaa| baMgalAbhASAke sarvazreSTha granthoM meM isakI gaNanA hai / vi0 saM0 1966 meM yaha pahale pahala prakAzita huA thaa| sunA hai, usake bAda isakI aura bhI kaI AvRttiyA~ nikala cukI haiM / yadyapi isa prakArake granthoMke par3hanevAle pAThaka sabhI bhASAoMmeM kama milate haiM, phira bhI hameM AzA hai ki hindImeM isa granthakA kama Adara na hogA aura rASTrIya bhASA bananekA dAvA karanevAlI hindI isake eka hI saMskaraNase santuSTa na ho jaaygii|' __ lagabhaga do varSa pahale jhAlarApATanake suprasiddha hindI kavi aura lekhaka paM0 giridhara zarmA 'navaratna' ne hameM isa granthake anuvAda karAnekI preraNA kI thI aura usIkA yaha phala hai ki Aja hama ise hindImeM prakAzita kara rahe haiM / isake lie hama zarmAjIke prati kRtajJatA prakAzita kiye binA nahIM raha skte| granthakartAkA paricaya / / isa granthake lekhaka svargIya sara gurudAsa vandyopAdhyAya baMgAlake una nararatnomeMse eka the jinake kAraNa kevala baMgAlakA hI nahIM. sAre bhAratakA mastaka U~cA huA hai| baMgAlake prAyaH sabhI zikSita aura azikSita unheM zraddhAkI dRSTise dekhate the / isa viSayameM baMgAlake mahAn puruSoMmeM ve bahuta hI saubhAgyazAlI the| yadyapi unakA jJAna bhI mahAn thA-unakI jor3ake vidvAn bahuta hI kama hue haiM-tathApi unakI mahattA aura pUjanIyatA vizeSataH unakI saccaritratAke kAraNa thii| ve apanA samasta AcaraNa apanI antarAtmAke anu

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kUla rakhate the / 'manaHpUtaM samAcaret ' sUtra unake jIvanakA 'moTo' thaa| dezameM aise zikSita bahuta hI virala haiM jinakA jIvana unake samAna saccAritryake sA~cemeM DhAlA gayA ho| vakAlata jaisI jIvikAko karate hue bhI unhoMne dhana thA mAnake lie kabhI apanI AtmAko nahIM becA / unakA jIvana niSkalaMka aura pavitra thaa| ve atizaya nirahaMkAra, dayAla, sarala, dveSahIna aura bAlasaralatAse yukta vidvAn the| unakA bartAva bhI bahuta hI komala thaa| yahI kAraNa hai jo unakA koI zatru nahIM thaa| a~garejIkI sarvocca zikSA prApta karake bhI unhoMne kabhI hindU AcAra nahIM chodd'e| ve bahuta hI sAdagIse rahate the aura unake bhItarI aura bAharI jIvanameM sadA AryajIvanakI jhalaka dikhalAI detI thI / 'gItA' unakA bahuta hI zraddheya grantha thaa| kahate haiM ki ' gItA' ko ve sadaiva apane pAkeTameM rakhate the| unakA janma kalakatteke samIpa nArikela-DAMgA nAmaka sthAnameM, san 1844 kI 26 janavarIko, eka sAdhAraNa brAhmaNa kulameM huA thaa| unake pitA bahuta hI nirdhana paNDita the / mAtA-pitAke pAsa brAhmaNakI saccI sampatti pavitratA aura sadAcArake sivAya aura kucha na thA / pitA unheM apanI godameM biThA kara gItAke zloka sunAyA karate the aura isa taraha unake AgAmI jIvanakA eka sA~cA taiyAra karate the| paraMtu gurudAsa bAbUko pitAkI yaha zikSA bahuta samaya taka nahIM milI / unakA svargavAsa ho gyaa| unake marane para isa daridra parivArakA sArA bhAra inakI vidhavA mAtA paraM pdd'aa| ve bahuta hI komalA aura sacaritrA thIM / apane putrako caritravAn banAnekI ora unakA nirantara dhyAna rahatA thaa| unakA prayatna AzAse adhika saphala bhI huA / saMsArameM bahuta kama mAtAyeM aisI bhAgyavatI hoMgI jinako gurudAsa jaisA AjJAkArI putra prApta huA ho / gurudAsa bAbU apanI mAtAkI AjJAko vedavAkyoMke samAna pavitra aura mAnanIya samajhate the| unhoMne jIvanabhara mAtAkI AjJAoMko binA kucha 'nanu' 'na ca ' kiye mAnA / isa viSayameM unakI aneka kathAyeM prasiddha haiM / ve apanI mAtAko kitanA mAnate the, isakA nidarzana eka isI bAtase mila jAyagA ki mAtAkI mRtyu hone para ve mahInoM taka unake zokameM vyAkula rahe / eka bAra unhoMne kalakattekI eka sabhAmeM kahA thA ki-" kauna aisA lar3akA hai jo ki binA virodha kiye pustakoMke kathanAnusAra calatA hai ?......maiMne apanI /

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mAtAkI samasta AjJAoMkA jarA bhI itastataH kiye binA, nirantara pAlana kiyA hai / " gurudAsa bAbUkI zikSAkA prAraMbha eka prAcIna DhaMgakI saMskRta pAThazAlA meM huA thA / jisa samasu sva0 gokhale ke anivArya zikSAsambandhI bilakI carcA ho rahI thI usa samaya ubhhoMne apane eka vyAkhyAnameM kahA thA ki " maiM eka brAhmaNakulameM utpanna huA hU~ / mujhe acchI taraha smaraNa hai ki abase lagabhaga 50 varSa pahale jaba maiM eka grAmINa pAThazAlA meM par3hatA thA taba eka telIke lar3ake ke pAsa baiThA karatA thA / vaha mujhase bahuta adhika yogya thA, isa kAraNa maiM usase apane pATha meM sahAyatA liyA karatA thA / para mujhe isa bAtakA jarA bhI pazopeza na hotA thA ki maiM brAhmaNa ho kara eka telIse kyoM pATha le rahA hU~ / yadi yaha bAta abase 50 varSa pahale sahana kI jA sakatI thI ki brAhmaNa aura zUda eka sAtha par3heM, to phira isa samaya isameM kyA Apatti ho sakatI hai ? yadyapi mi0 gokhalekA yaha bila isa samaya hameM bilakula nayA aura maulika pratIta hotA hai; parantu vAstava meM yaha eka purAne tarIkekI punarAvRtti mAtra hai jo ki 50 varSa pahale ke svAzrayI bhArata meM vidyamAna thA / d skUla aura kAlejakI zikSA samApta karake gurudAsa bAbUne san 1865 meM gaNita meM ema0 e0 pAsa kiyA / vizvavidyAlayakI sabhI parIkSAoMmeM unakA nambara sarvocca rahA / ema0 e0 pAsa karaneke bAda ve kalakatte ke presIDeMsI kAleja meM gaNita ke vyAkhyAtA niyukta hue / agale varSa unhoMne kAnUnakI bI0 ela0 parIkSA dI aura usameM bhI ve sarvotkRSTa rahe / isake thor3e hI dina bAda ve * baharamapura kAleja meM kAnUnake vyAkhyAtA banAye gaye aura usI jilemeM vakAlata bhI karate rhe| san 1872 meM ve kalakattA hAIkorTa meM lauTa Aye aura 1876 unhoMne kAnUnakA ' Anarsa egjAminezana' pAsa kiyaa| isake bAda unheM DAkTara Apha lA' kI padavI milI / san 1878 meM ve ' Taigora - lA- lekcarara ' niyata hue| isake lie unhoMne 'strI- dhana' aura 'vivAhaviSayaka hindU lA' ye do viSaya cune | isa samaya bhI unake ina viSayoMke lekcara bahuta hI prAmANika gine jAte haiM / kAnUnI bAtoM meM aisI dakSatAke kAraNa unakI khyAti bahuta huI; parantu unhoMne kAnUnI pezeke Age kabhI apane ghuTane nahIM Teke / isa bAtakA unheM sadaiva khayAla rahA ki saMsAra meM rupayA paisA aura mAna pratiSThAse bhI bar3hakara koI -6 +

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cIja hai / antameM jasTisa kaniMgahamake avasara grahaNa karane para gurudAsabAbU kalakattA hAIkorTake jaja ho gye| isa pada para rahakara unhoMne bar3I sacAI aura nyAyapriyatAse kAma kiyaa| unake nIceke adhikArI unheM eka Adarza nyAyAdhIza samajhate the| apane kartavyapAlanake lie apane, ghaniSThase ghaniSTha mitroM aura snehiyoMke viruddha bolane aura likhane meM ve jarA bhI nahIM hicakate the| penzana le lene para unheM 'nAiTa huDa' kA pada milA / jisa samaya guru - dAsa bAbUne penzana lI, usa samaya unakA svAsthya bahuta acchA thA aura taba yaha niyama bhI nahIM thA ki 60 varSakI avasthAmeM hAIkorTake jajoMko penzana le hI lenI caahie| phira bhI unhoMne jajI chor3a dI / eka to unakA khayAla thA ki mujhe apane bAdake yogya vakIloMke jajI-lAbhake mArgameM kaNTaka banakara na rahanA cAhie, dUsare avakAza milane para ve apane dezake yuvakoMmeM zikSAkA vistAra aura usakI unnatike lie adhika parizrama karanA cAhate the aura tIsare unheM yaha AzaGkA bhI thI ki zAyada maiM bur3hApeke kAraNa isa nyAyakAryako pUrvake samAna kartavyaparAyaNatAke sAtha nahIM kara sakU~gA / sara gurudAsakA jIvana kevala jJAna aura sadAcaraNake kAraNa hI mahAn nahIM thA; sArvajanika sevAoM ke ucca Adarzake kAraNa bhI ve mahAn the| jajIse avakAza grahaNa karaneke bAda kalakattemeM aisI koI bhI mahattvapUrNa sabhA nahIM huI, jisameM unakI upasthitiko vizeSa sammAna aura mahattva nahIM diyA gayA ho| sanA-samatiyoM ke nimaMtraNameM ve choTe bar3ekA vicAra nahIM karate the| choTe choTe lar3akoMkI sabhAoMmeM bhI ve prasannatAse jAte the| gurudAsa bAbU jIvanabhara zikSAsambandhI kAryoM meM hI vyasta rahe / unake adhyayanakA yaha pradhAna viSaya thaa| isa dezameM unake samAna zikSAvijJAnakA pAraMgata paNDita aura koI na thaa| unhoMne a~garejImeM 'thATsa oNna ejyukezana' (zikSA para vicAra ) nAmaka prasiddha pustaka likhI hai| usakI prAyaH sabhI mukhya mukhya bAteM isa granthake bhItara AgaI haiM / san 1879 meM ve kalakattA yUnIvarsiTIke phelo niyata hue aura do bAra vAisa cAnsalara / kalakattA yUnIvarsiTIkA bahuta kucha sudhAra unhIMkI dRDhatA aura kAryaparatAke kAraNa huA hai| lArDa karjanake samayameM jo zikSA-kamIzana baiThA thA, gurudAsa bAbU usake eka pradhAna sabhya the / isa kamIzanameM unhoMne sirator3a parizrama kiyA thA aura

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nAnA sthAnoMmeM gavAhiyA~ leneke lie bhramaNa kiyA thaa| isa kamIzanake sabhApatise gurudAsa bAbUkI rAya nahIM milI thI aura isa kAraNa unhoMne eka bar3A hI joradAra virodhapatra usakI riporTa ke sAtha prakAzita karAyA thaa| isa virodhapatrameM unhoMne uccazikSAke kSetrako saMkIrNatara na hone denekI ceSTA bahuta kucha kI thii| yadyapi lArDa karjanane use pasanda na kiyA, phira bhI usase dezakA bahuta kucha upakAra huaa| gurudAsa bAbUke jIvanakA adhika mahattvapUrNa bhAga rASTrIya zikSAke vicAroM meM hI vyatIta huA / san 1906 meM kalakattemeM jo 'nezanala kauMsila Apha ejyukezana ' sthApita huI thI, usake ve prANa the / isake prAraMbhika adhivezanake samaya unhoMne jo vyAkhyAna diyA thA usameM zikSAke navIna AndolanakI AvazyakatAko batalAte hue zikSAkramapara bahuta hI sAragarbha vivecana kiyA thaa| unakA vicAra thA ki vaidezika bhASAjJAnakI AvazyakatA to hai; parantu vaha zikSAke AraMbhika bhAgameM nahIM-antima bhAgameM hai| yadyapi gurudAsa bAbU kabhI kAMgresa-maJca para nahIM Aye, tathApi unakA hRdaya sadA hI rASTrIya Andolanake sAtha rahA / kucha samaya taka ve baMgAlakI vyavasthApaka sabhAke bhI membara the / svargIya baMkima bAbUke bAda ve 'kalakattA yUnivarsiTI insTiTayUTa' ke sAhityaka vibhAgake bhI presIDeNTa rahe the| gurudAsa bAbUko apanI mAtRbhASAse bahuta prema thaa| a~garejImeM ve kisI baMgAlIse kabhI vArtAlApa na karate the| unake mAtRbhASApremakA hI yaha phala haiM jo isa advitIya granthakI racanA unhoMne baMgalAmeM kI hai| ve baMgalAbhASAmeM padya-- racanA bhI karate the| unake banAye hue kaI acche acche gAna haiM / kAnUnasambandhI pustakoM ke sivAya unhoMne gaNita, zikSA, dharma Adi para bhI aneka pustakeM likhI haiN| apane dharmake ekaniSTha upAsaka hone para bhI ve kisI sampradAyake vidveSTA nahIM the| zubha kAryoM meM ve sabhI sampradAyake logoM ke sAtha yoga dete the| kisI bhI sampradAyake dharmakAryoM ke prati unakI azraddhA nahIM thii| bahuta kama logoMmeM unake samAna matasahiSNutA dekhI jAtI hai|

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12 lagabhaga do varSa hue, saM0 1975 ke pauSa meM, 74 varSakI avasthAmeM unakA svargavAsa huA / unakA svAsthya sadaiva acchA rahA / vRddhAvasthAmeM bhI unakI zArIrika aura mAnasika zaktiyA~ nisteja nahIM huI thIM / yaha unake sAde aura saMyamI jIvanakA hI phala thA / ' gurudAsa bAbU apane bAda apane kaI yogya putroMko chor3a gaye haiM jo ucca zikSAse AbhUSita haiM aura bar3e bar3e ohadoM para kAma kara rahe haiM / isI dhurandhara vidvAn aura saccaritra puruSake isa apUrva granthako Aja hama apane pAThakoMkI bheTa kara rahe haiM / pauSa sudI 14 saM0 1977 vi0| Ye nivedakanAthUrAma premI /

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bhUmikA upakramaNikA viSaya sUcI | 870 800 prathama bhAga -jJAna / sooch 000 00 ... ... ... 1 - jJAtA / yaha jJAtAkA lakSaNa - hama kauna haiM aura hamArA svarUpa kyA hai, jAnane kI AvazyakatA -- deha aura dehI donoMkI bhinnatA -- bhinnatAmeM sandeha - sandehakA nirAkaraNa 000 ... 000 AtmAkA svarUpa, utpatti aura sthiti jJAnagamya na hone para bhI vizvAsagamya hai 080 ... 0-0-0 jJAna aura vizvAsa meM prabheda - AtmA brahmakA aMza hai-- AtmAkI utpatti sthiti ke sambandhameM aneka mata -- jJAtAkI zaktiyoMke jAnaneke upAya 000 ... Doo 830 : 440 000 000 000 2- jJeya / jJeyakA lakSaNa - AtmA aura anAtmA - jJAtAse jJeya yA jJeyase jJAtA ? -- abhivyaktivAda kahA~taka ThIka hai ? -- jagadviSayaka jJAna hai yA vAstava ? ... * D pazcimI tArkikoMke matase jJAnake tIna niyama kAryakAraNa sambandha bhI jJeya viSaya hai-- triguNatattva -- jJeya yA padArthakA prakAra nirNaya ... 19 9 10 16 21 22

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14 3 3-antrjgt| antarjagatkA svarUpa-saMjJAke bAhara bhI jJAnakI paridhi hai-AtmajJAna aura AtmA anAtmAkA bhedajJAna-indriyA~ aura unakI judA judA kriyAyeM-indriyasphuraNadvArA pratyakSajJAna-antarjagatkI anyAnya kriyAyeM ... ... ... ... ... 27 smRtike viSaya, kArya, niyama aura usakI hAsavRddhi - ... kalpanAke viSaya, niyama-buddhike kArya-jJAta viSayoMkA zreNIbaddha karanA-vastuoMkA jAtivibhAga-jAti kyA kevala nAmamAtra hai-nAma yA zabda yA bhASA viSayoMke socane meM sahAyaka haiM ... bhASAkI sRSTi kaise huI ?-bhASAke kArya ... ... 40 zreNIvibhAgake niyama-jJAtaviSayoMse nUtana viSayoMkA nirUpaNasamAnya aura vizeSa anumAna ... ... ... svataHsiddha tattva, nirvikalpa aura savikalpa jJAna aura unake kAraNa -anumAnake niyama ... ... ... ... kartavyAkartavyanirNaya-anubhava-svArthapara aura parArthapara bhAvaSaDaripu-svArtha parArthakA virodha aura milana-sukhaduHkha ... 50 icchA--pravRtti aura nivRtti-nivRttimArgagAmIkI pradhAnatAmanuSyakI pUrNatAkA lakSaNa-prayatna yA ceSTA-kartA svataMtra nahIM hai-kartAkA prakRtiparataMtratAvAda ... ... ... 54 4-bhirjgt| isa adhyAyakA Alocya viSaya-bahirjagat aura tadviSayaka jJAna yathArtha hai yA nahIM ?-bahirjagatkA upAdAna-isa viSayameM aneka mata-bahirjagatke jJAna aura jJeya vastuke svarUpakA sambandha 62 bahirjagatke viSayoMkA zreNIvibhAga-bahirjagatke viSayameM kucha vi. zeSa bAteM-ItharakI gati-tikA kAraNa zakti aura zaktikA mUla caitanyakI icchA-jIvajagatkI kriyA-kramavikAza yA vivartavAda ... ... ... ... ... 71 jIvajagatakI kriyAyeM-ajJAna aura sajJAna-jagatkI gati aura sthitikA Avartana-jagatmeM zubhAzubhakA astitva-jagat meM azubha kyoM hai ?--azubhakA pratikAra hai yA nahIM ? ... ... 79

Page #15
15 -jJAnakI sImA / antardRSTikI zakti sImAbaddha hai -- indriyoMkI zakti bhI vaisI hI hai - ' kyA' aura ' kyoM ' ina do praznoMkA uttara--viSayakA svarUpajJAna asampUrNa hai--- manoniveza aura vijJAna carcAse jJAnakI sImA bar3hatI hai-- svarUpa aura nirNaya kaThina hai, para niyama nirNaya apekSAkRta sahaja hai ... ... ... 6- jJAnalAbhake upAya / - -- 110 zikSA -- zikSA ke viSaya - zArIrika zikSA -- pozAka ----vyAyAmanidrA aura vizrAma - zArIrika zikSAkI AvazyakatA mAnasika zikSA -- naitika zikSA AtmavijJAna gaNita - manovijJAna - jaDavijJAna -- jIvavijJAna naitika vijJAna -- bhASA - sAhitya aura zilpa -- itihAsa -- samAja - nIti -- arthanIti -- rAjanIti -- vyavahAranIti -- dharmanIti zikSApraNAlI -- vaha bhinnabhinna dezoM aura samayoMmeM kaisI thIzikSApraNAlI ke kucha niyama -- zikSAke uddezya - prayojanIya jJAna aura sarvAGgINa utkarSasAdhana - vizeSa jJAna - zikSA yathAsAdhya sukhakara honA cAhie - zikSArthIkI zaktike anusAra zikSAjo kucha sikhAyA jAya acchI taraha sikhAyA jAya-saba kAma yathAniyama aura yathAsamaya karanekI zikSA -- bhramasaMzodhanazikSArthIke lie AtmasaMyama Avazyaka hai-- pahale vAcanika aura mAtRbhASAzikSA Avazyaka hai- kramazaH par3hane likhanekI zikSArekhAgaNitakI zikSA -- bhASA aura racanA - zikSA ke vizeSa niyamasAhityika aura vaijJAnika racanApraNAlI - jAtIyazikSA zikSA ke sAmAna -- zikSaka -- vidyAlaya -- chAtranivAsa -- vizvavidyAlaya -- pustaka--pAThyapustakoMke Avazyaka guNa aura doSa - pustakAlaya -- presa - - parIkSAyeM anuzIlana -- usake aneka uddezya -smRtizaktikI vRddhi ke upAya nikAlanA -- bhASAzikSAke prazasta upAya nikAlanA - zAstratattvoMko sarala pramANoMse siddha karanekI ceSTA - vaidyaka aura hakImIkI auSadhaparIkSA - aparAdhiyoMkA sudhAra - 0.0 000 000 0.0 000 ... ... 800 89 000 95. 103 106 115 140 155

Page #16
16 7 - jJAnalAbhakA uddezya | jJAnalAbhakA uddezya--duHkhanivRtti aura sukhavRddhi -- jJAnalAbha ke phala---nAdakadravyasevana----- naI naI AvazyakatAoM ko bar3hAnA sukhakA kAraNa nahIM hai-- jJAnavRddhike bure phala - kupranthapracAraucchRMkhalatA aura sAmAjika rAjanaitika viplava --- jAtIyayuddha - jIvanasaMgrAmako jIvanasakhyameM pariNata karanA - svArtha aura parArthakA sAmaJjasya - saccA svArtha parArthavirodhI nahIM hai-- jJAna ihaloka aura paraloka donoM ora dRSTi rakhanA batalAtA hai dvitIyabhAga - karma / upakramaNikA / 1-- karttAkI svataMtratA / kArya-kAraNasambandha - isa sambandhakA mUlatattva - kattakI svataMtratA - asvatantratAvAdake viruddha Apatti - isa ApattikA khaMDana - aura eka Apatti - usakA khaNDana - adRSTa aura puruSakAra -- asvataMtratAvAdakA sthUla marma - ceSTA yA prayatna '2 - kartavyatAkA lakSaNa / kartavyatA lakSaNakI AlocanA - sukhavAda - hitavAda -- pravRttivAda - nivRttivAda - sAmaJjasyavAda - - nyAyavAda - sahAnubhUtivAda - 196 nyAyavAda hI yuktisiddha hai-- kartavyatAke nirNayakA sAdhAraNa vidhAna--saMkaTasthala meM kartavyatAkA nirNaya --- kSamAzIlatA kAyara - pana nahIM hai-- kartavyatAke gurutvakA tAratamyanirUpaNa - pArivArika nItisiddha karma / ... 160 pArivArika sambandha satra sambandhoMkI jar3a hai-- vivAha -- usake aneka rUpa - vivAhasambandha kisa tarahakA honA cAhie - bAlyavivAhake pratikUla yuktiyA~ - thor3I avasthAke vivAha ke anukUla yuktiyA~ - vivAha - kAla ke bAremeM sthUlasiddhAnta-vara aura 179 181 204

Page #17
4.. 10. kanyAkA cunAva kauna kare ? - bahuvivAha ThIka nahIM -- vivAhakA samAroha ---- vivAhasambandhakA sthitikAla strIko zikSA denA --strIko sukhI rakhanA para vilAsapriya na banane denA - svAmIke prati strIkA prema aura bhakti -- vivAhasambandhakA tor3anA .. ciravaidhavya vidhavA jIvanakA uccAdarza hai-- pratikUla aura anu 000 200 000 ... kUla yuktiyA~ putrakanyA ke sambandhameM kartavyatA - dAsadAsiyoMpara bharosA - roga meM cikitsA aura sevAsantAnakI zikSA - AdhyAtmika aura nItizikSA - dharmazikSA - putrakanyAkA vivAha 4 - sAmAjika nItisiddha karma / 0.0 000 ... ... ... 000 000 .or sAmAjika nIti - sAdhAraNa samAjanIti -- vizeSa samAjanIti... 276 jAtIya samAja aura usakI nIti - hindUsamAjameM jAtibhedapar3ausI samAja aura usakI nIti - ekadharmAvalambI samAja - dharmAnuzIlana samAja - jJAnAnuzIlana samAja --- sabhya nirvAcanakI vidhi-- ... dhanI aura majadUroMkA sambandha - har3atAla -- ekahatthA vyavasAyavakIla bairisTaroMkA kartavya -- cikitsakoM kA kartavya - guruziSyasambandha---prabhubhRtyasambandha aura usakI nIti 000 000 ... ... 5- rAjanItisiddha karma / - - rAjA prajAsambandhakA sthUla nirNaya -- isakI sRSTike viSayameM matabheda -- isakI sthiti rAjatantra aura rAjA prajAsambandha ke aneka prakAra - ekezvarataMtraviziSTa prajAtaMtra -- sAdhAraNa prajAtaMtra - bhinna bhinnaM zAsanapraNAliyoMke doSa guNa briTena aura bhAratakA sambandha -- prajAke prati rAjAkA kartavyarAjyakI zAntirakSA -- prajAkI prakRti aura AvazyakatAoM kA jJAna rakhanA -- prajAkI svAsthyarakSAkA prabandha --- jAne Aneke subhIte - prajAkI zikSAkA prabandha -- prajAko apanA matAmata prakaTa karane 80 - ... 220 239 247 257 286 304 321 329

Page #18
denA-karasaMsthApana-svadezIzilpakI unnati--nazIlI cIjoMkA pracAra rokanekI ceSTA-rAjAke prati prajAkA kartavyarAjAkI AjJA pAlanIya hai--eka jAti yA rAjyakA anya jAti yA rAjyake prati kartavya-asabhyoMke prati sabhya jAtiyoMkA kartavya- ... ... ... .... .... 6-dharmanItisiddha krm| Izvara aura parakAlameM vizvAsa-Izvarake prati manuSyakA dharmanItisiddha karma-vizeSa kartavya-nitya upAsanA-kAmya. upAsanAmUrtipUjA aura devadeviyoMkI pUjA ... ... ... manuSyake prati manuSyake kartavya-sAdhAraNa aura sAmpradAyika dharmazikSaNakI vyavasthA karanA-dharmasaMzodhana-hindUdharma-saMzodhana mUrtipUjAnivAraNa-pUjAmeM pazubalinivAraNa-bAlyavivAha-nivAraNa-vidhavAvivAhapracAra-jAtibhedanirAkAraNa-kAyasthoMkA upanayana-vilAyatase lauTe hue logoMko samAjameM le lenA-... karmakA uddezya / karmakA uddeza-pahale karmameM pravatti pIche usase nivRtti-sakAma aura niSkAma karmI--niSkAma karmakI zreSThatA-karmase niSkRti pAnese kyA lAbha hai ? karmakI gati supathamukhI hai- ...

Page #19
bhUmikA | 5. saba viSayoMkA nigUr3ha tattva jAnane kI icchA, aura apanI avasthAkI unnati karanekI ceSTA, manuSyakA svAbhAvika dharma hai / hama bAhara jo vicitra jagat dekha rahe haiM aura bhItara jina saba anirvacanIya bhAvoMkA anubhava karate haiM, unake dvArA vaha tattva jAnanekI icchA nirantara uttejita hotI hai / aura hamAre abhAva aura apUrNatAyeM itanI adhika haiM ki usa unnatikI ceSTAko hama kSaNabhara bhI chor3akara nahIM raha sakate / apane apane manase pUchane aura parasparake kAryoMpara dRSTi DAlanese hI isa bAtake aneka pramANa pAye jAte haiM / tattva jAnane kI icchA hameM jJAnake upArjanakI ora prerita karatI hai aura unnatikI ceSTA hameM karma karanemeM lagAtI hai / jJAnakA upArjana aura karmakA anuSThAna hI manuSya jIvanakA pradhAna kArya hai / jJAna aura karma sambandhahIna nahIM haiM, donoM paraspara eka dUsarekI apekSA rakhate haiM / adhikAMza sthaloMmeM dekhA jAtA hai ki jJAnakI prAptike lie aneka prakArake karmoM kA prayojana hai, aura karma karaneke lie aneka viSayoMke jJAnakI AvazyakatA hai / " jJAnakI bar3hatI ke sAtha sAtha karmoMkA kSaya hotA hai, " yaha bAta isa taraha satya hai ki jJAnakI bar3hatI honepara aneka karma bekAra jAna par3ate haiM, aura aneka karma sahaja hI saMpanna ho jAte haiM / jJAnakA lakSya tattva yA satya hai / karmakA lakSya nyAya yA nIti hai / jisa sthala para jisakI upalabdhi honA ucita hai vaha na hokara hameM aksara rassI meM sA~pakA bhrama hotA hai / usa bhramako dUra karake satyakI upalabdhi hI jJAna

Page #20
20 bhuumikaa| kA lakSya hai| aise hI jisa sthala para jo karma karanA ucita hai vaha na karake hama aksara vartamAna kSaNika du.khase bacane aura kSaNika sukha pAneke lie bhAvI sthAyI maMgalakara kArya tyAgakara amaMgalakara kAryameM pravRtta hote haiN| isa anyAyapravRttikA damana karaka sunItikA sahArA lenekA abhyAsa hI karmakA lakSya hai / isa jagaha para yaha bhI kaha denA ucita hai ki jJAna aura karma donoMkA aMtima lakSya paramArthakI prApti hai| jJAna aura karmake sambandhameM yatkiJcit AlocanA karanA hI isa choTIsI pustakakA uddezya hai / isa AlocanAke viSaya kyA kyA haiM, so isa jagaha para batA denA kartavya hai| yadi jJAnakI saMpUrNa AlocanA karanI ho, taba to vizvake saba viSayoMkI aura manuSyapraNIta saba zAkhoMkI AlocanA karanekI AvazyakatA hogI; parantu usa bar3e aura durUha kAryameM hAtha DAlanekI na merI icchA hai, aura na utanI mujhameM zakti hI hai| hA~, jJAnake sambandhameM thor3IsI AlocanA kI jAyagI aura isake liye jJAtA, jJeya, antarjagat, bahirjagat, jJAnakI sImA, jJAnalAbhakA upAya aura jJAnalAbhakA uddezya, ina kaI eka viSayoMkA kucha kucha varNana Avazyaka hogaa| isI lie isa graMthake prathama bhAgameM alaga alaga adhyAyoMmeM (.) jJAtA, (2) jJeya, (3) antarjagat, (4) bahirjagat, (5) jJAnakI sImA, (6) jJAnalAbhakA upAya, (7) jJAnalAbhakA uddezya, ina sAta viSayoMkI saMkSipta AlocanA kI jaaygii| ___ janmase mRtyu taka avasthA-bheda aura sthala-bhedake anusAra manuSyake nItisiddha karma asaMkhya prakArake haiN| isa graMthameM una sabakI AlocanA asaMbhava aura asAdhya hai| magara karmake saMbaMdhameM AlocanA karate samaya, kartAkI svatantratA hai ki nahIM-kArya kAraNa sambandha kaisA hai, kartavyatAke lakSaNa, pArivArika nItise siddha karma, sAmAjika nItise siddha karma, rAjanItise siddha karma, dharmanItise siddha karma aura karmakA uddezya, ina kaI eka viSayoMkA kucha kucha varNana Avazyaka hai| isI lie isa graMthake dvitIya bhAgameM alaga alaga adhyAyoMmeM (1) kartAkI svatantratA hai ki nahIM-kAryakAraNa sambandha kaisA hai, (2) kartavyatAke lakSaNa, (3) pArivArika nItise siddha karma, ( 4 ) sAmAjika nItise siddha karma, (5) rAjanItise siddha

Page #21
karma, (6) dharmanItise siddha karma, (7) karmakA uddezya, ina sAta viSayoMkI thor3I sI AlocanA kI jaaygii| aba AlocanA-praNAlIke bAremeM do-eka bAteM kahanA jarUrI hai| isa granthake saba viSayoMkI AlocanA tIna DhaMgase ho sakatI hai-yuktike dvArA, zAstrake dvArA aura yukti aura zAstra donoMkA sahArA lekara / inameMse yuktimUlaka AlocanA hI isa jagaha vizeSa upayogI hai| kyoMki, koI bAta svIkAra karaneke lie loga pahale yuktike dvArA usakI sacAIkI jA~ca karanekI ceSTA karate haiM, aura jabataka vaha bAta yukti-siddha nahIM jAna par3atI tabataka usake sambandhameM saMdeha banA hI rahatA hai| dUsare, zAstra ke Upara nirbhara karanemeM bhI, jaba zAstra aneka aura taraha tarahake haiM, aura aneka viSayoM meM bhinna bhinna zAstroMke aura jude jude muniyoMke aneka prakArake mata haiM, taba kisa zAstrakA aura kisa munikA mata mAnanIya hai, yaha ThIka karanekA eka mAtra upAya yukti hI hai / isake sivA zAstramUlaka AlocanAmeM bhI yuktikI sahAyatA lene aura viruddha yuktiyoMke khaNDanakI jarUrata hai / vedAnta darzanake dUsare adhyAyake dUsare pAdake prathama sUtrakA 'zaMkara-bhASya' hI isa bAtakA dRSTAnta hai| tIsare, yadyapi kisa zAstrakArakA sahArA lenA cAhie, yaha yuktike dvArA ThIka karake, usI zAstrake anusAra AlocanA kI jA sakatI hai, aura usa AlocanAko yuktimUlaka aura zAstramUlaka donoM kaha sakate haiM, magara kisa jagaha yathArthameM kisa zAstrakA sahArA lenA cAhie, isa bAremeM itanA adhika matabheda hai ki isa graMthameM yuktimUlaka AlocanAkA honA hI ThIka jAna par3atA hai / lekina hA~, khAsa khAsa sthAnoMpara yuktikI poSakatAmeM zAstra yA buddhimAnoMke matake Upara bhI nirbhara kiyA jAyagA / udAharaNake taura para jaise, jisa jagaha ' kaunasI bAta parimArjita buddhiko kaisI pratIta huI hai ' yaha AlocanAkA viSaya hai, vahA~ para zAstra yA buddhimAnoM kA mata avazya nirbharayogya hai| jo loga kisI zAstrako IzvarakI, yA Izvarase Adeza pAye hue kisI khAsa vyaktikI ukti, aura isIlie abhrAnta, mAnate haiM, ve usa zAstrako yuktikI apekSA avazya hI bar3A batalAveMge, aura koI yukti agara usa zAstra ke sAtha mela nahIM khAyagI to use bhrAnta kaheMge / yuktimUlaka AlocanAmeM avazya hI

Page #22
22 bhuumikaa| yaha eka anivArya asuvidhA hai / lekina jo loga kisI bhI zAstrako bhramarahita nahIM samajhate, unake Age zAstramUlaka AlocanA karane meM bhI usI tarahakI asuvidhA hai| aura jaba hameM isa dUsarI zreNIke loga hI isa samaya saMkhyAmeM adhika dekha par3ate haiM taba yuktimUlaka AlocanA hI adhikAMza logoMke lie upayogI jAna par3atI hai| khAsakara yuktimUlaka AlocanAke doSa guNoMkA vicAra sabhI loga binA kisI saMkocake kara sakate haiM, kintu zAstramUlaka AlocanAke doSa-guNoMkA vicAra usa taraha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA; yaha bhI yuktimUlaka AlocanAke pakSameM eka anukUla tarka hai| yuktimUlaka AlocanAmeM aneka sthAnoMpara upamA-udAharaNa Adike dvArA AlocanIya viSayakI vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai| kintu upamA udAharaNa AdikA saMgraha aksara bahirjagatke hI viSayoMse kiyA jAtA hai| isI kAraNa antarjagatke viSayoM meM unakA prayoga ucita hai yA nahIM, yaha saMdeha avazya ho sakatA hai| aise sthaloMpara upamA-udAharaNa AdikA prayoga atyanta sAvadhAnIke sAtha honA caahie| AlocanAkI praNAlIke saMbaMdhameM eka bAta aura kahanI hai / isa graMthameM jo kucha vicArA jAyagA usakI AlocanA yathAzakti aura yathAsaMbhava saMkSepameM hI hogii| yadyapi kisI kisI jagaha koI koI bAta kucha vistArake sAtha kahanese adhika spaSTa samajhI jA sakatI hai, kintu logoMke pAsa samaya itanA thor3A hai ki adhika bAteM par3hane yo sunanekA avakAza bahutoMko nahIM miltaa| isake sivA aneka sthaloMpara vANIkA ADambara korI viDambanA hI jAna par3atA hai| balki thor3e zabdoMmeM jo bAta prakaTa kI jAtI hai use par3haneke lie logoMkI pravRtti vizeSa ho sakatI hai, aura usameM vAkya-jAlakI jaTilatA aura zabdajanita bhramakI saMbhAvanA bhI thor3I hotI hai| __ AlocanAkI bhASAke saMbaMdhameM bhI do-eka bAteM kahakara yaha bhUmikA samApta kI jaaygii| bhASAkA uddezya hai, vaktavya viSayako vizada rUpase vyakta krnaa| ataeva graMtha usa bhASAmeM likhA jAnA cAhie, jisake dvArA AlocanAkA viSaya jaldI aura sahaja hI pAThakoMkI samajhameM AjAya / graMthakI bhASAke saMbandhameM yahI sAdhAraNa aura sthUla niyama hai| lekina aneka sthaloM meM sahajameM arthAt anAyAsa hI samajhameM AjAnA, aura zIghra arthAt thor3e samayameM

Page #23
bhUmikA / 23. mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm samajhameM AnA, ye donoM bhASAke parasparaviruddha guNa haiN| kAraNa, anAyAsa bodhagamya banAneke lie AlocanAkA viSaya vistArake sAtha kahA jAtA hai aura use par3hane meM dera lagatI hai| kintu zIghra bodhagamya banAneke lie AlocanAkA viSaya saMkSepameM likhanA par3atA hai aura vaha sahajameM samajhA nahIM jA sktaa| ina donoM guNoMkA sAmaMjasya karane aura anekArthabodhaka zabdoM ke arthake sambandhameM saMzaya miTAneke lie darzana-vijJAna Adi viSayoMke graMthoM meM paribhASAoMkA prayojana hotA hai / Alocya viSayakA bodha karAnevAle kucha zabda, graMthameM jinakA vAraMvAra prayoga karanekI AvazyakatA hotI hai, unakA kisa arthameM vyavahAra hogA, yaha eka bAra kaha denepara, phira Age calakara binA kisI vyAkhyAke jitanI bAra jI cAhe unakA prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| aisA karanese isa praNAlIke dvArA graMtha saMkSipta honeke sAtha hI sahajameM samajhaneke yogya hotA hai aura arthake saMbaMdhameM bhI kucha saMzaya nahIM rhtaa| paribhASAoMke prayogake sambandhameM kaI bAteM yAda rakhanekI jarUrata hai| eka to paribhASAoMkA prayoga jitanA kama ho utanA hI acchaa| kyoMki yadyapi pAribhASika zabdoMke arthake sambandhameM koI saMzaya nahIM rahatA aura usake prayogase graMtha saMkSipta hotA hai, to bhI jaba zabdoMke pAribhASika artha aura sAdhAraNa arthameM kucha itara vizeSa rahatA hai aura vaha itara vizeSa yAda rakhanA parizramasAdhya hotA hai, taba adhika paribhASApUrNa graMtha par3hanA avazya hI kaSTadAyaka ho uThatA hai| dUsare, paribhASAyeM aisI honI cAhie ki kisI zabdakA pAribhASika artha usake sAdhAraNa arthase ekadama judA na ho / kyoMki yadyapi pAribhASika artha ekabAra batA denese usake saMbaMdhameM saMzaya nahIM raha sakatA, to bhI jaba hara eka zabda par3hane yA uccAraNa karanese usakA sAdhAraNa artha hI pahale manameM AnA saMbhava hai taba vaha artha agara usa zabdake pAribhASika arthase ekadama judA hotA hai to pahale manameM AnevAle arthase dUsarA artha sahaja hI khayAlameM nahIM AtA; balki pahale khayAlameM AnevAle arthako ekadama haTAkara taba pAribhASika artha manameM sthAna pAtA hai| isameM samaya lagatA hai, parizrama par3atA hai aura yathArtha arthakA bodha sukhasAdhya nahIM hotaa|

Page #24
24 bhuumikaa| tIsare, saMskRta bhASAke sAtha hindIbhASAkA jaisA ghaniSTha sambandha hai use dekhate hue saMskRta bhASAmeM kisI zabdakA jisa arthameM vyavahAra hotA hai usase vibhinna arthameM hindImeM usa zabdakA vyavahAra honA yuktisiddha nahIM hai, aura agara aisA huA to usase bahuta kucha asuvidhA hotI hai| eka udAharaNase yaha bAta adhika spaSTa ho jAyagI / 'vijJAna' zabda saMskRta bhASAmeM 'vizeSa jJAna' kA bodha karAtA hai; kintu hindImeM isa zabdakA prayoga vizeSa jJAna denevAle zAstrake arthameM kiyA jAtA hai / isakA phala yaha huA hai ki ' manovijJAna' zabda hiMdI bhASAmeM manastatvasambandhI zAstrakA bodha karAtA hai, aura usI niyamake anusAra ' AtmavijJAna' kahanese Atmatattvase sambaMdha rakhanevAle zAstrakA bodha hotA hai| kintu saMskRta bhASAmeM 'AtmavijJAna' zabda anya arthakA bodhaka hai| (vedAntadarzanameM zaMkarabhASyakA prAraMbha dekho|) magara hA~, jahA~ koI saMskRta zabda hindImeM saMskRta bhASAke arthase jude arthameM vyavahAra hotA A rahA hai, vahA~ vaha zabda chor3a denA yA usakA saMskRtake arthameM vyavahAra karanA suvidhAjanaka nhiiN|

Page #25
jJAna aura krm| prathama bhaag-jnyaan| doot upakramaNikA / jJAta honekI avasthA aura jJAta honekI zakti, ina donoM arthoM meM jJAna zabdakA vyavahAra hotA hai / jaise, maiM jAnatA hU~ ki maiM cintita hU~, isa jagaha isa jAnanekI avasthAko jJAna kahA jAtA hai, aura jisa zaktike dvArA hama vaha jAnate haiM vaha zakti bhI jJAna kahI jAtI hai| jJAna zavdake ye donoM artha jude hone para bhI paraspara sambandha rakhate haiN| hamArI jAnanekI avasthA hamArI jAnanekI zaktikI kriyAkA phala mAtra hai| jAnanekI zaktiko buddhi bhI kahate haiN| jJAna kyA hai, yaha batalAne meM jJAtA aura jJeya ina donoMkA prasaMga AtA hai| kAraNa, ina donoMkA milana hI jJAna hai| isa bAtakA aura jJAnase saMbaMdha rakhanevAlI aura aura aneka bAtoMkA pramANa kevala antardRSTike dvArA aura antarAtmAse jijJAsAke dvArA pAyA jAtA hai| hama antardRSTike dvArA jAnate haiM ki hamAre kAnoMke chedameM eka zabda dhvanita ho rahA hai| isa jJAnakA jJAtA maiM hU~,jJeya vahI karNa-kuharameM dhvanita honevAlA zabda hai, aura maiM aura usa dhvanita zabdakA milana hI usa zabdakA jJAna hai|

Page #26
jJAna aura karma / aura maiM agara saMpUrNa rUpase anyamanaska rahU~, arthAt mujhase usa zabdakA milana na ho, to mujhe usa zabdakA jJAna nahIM hotaa| __ hama jahA~ taka jAna sake haiM vahA~ taka yahI jAnA gayA hai ki saba jJAnoMkA jJAtA cetana jIva hai / hama yaha ThIka taurase nahIM jAnate ki acetanako jJAna ho sakatA hai yA nhiiN| lekina vaijJAnika paNDita zrIyuta DAkTara jagadIzacaMdra vasu mahAzayane apanI 'cetana aura acetanakA uttara ' ( Response in the Living and Non-Living ) nAmakI pustakameM jina adbhuta aura Azcaryamaya tattvoMkI bAta likhI hai, unake dvArA yaha anumAna hotA hai ki hama jinheM acetana kahate haiM ve ekadama acetana nahIM haiN| jJeya jo hai vaha jJAtAke antarjagat yA bahirjagatkA viSaya hai| isa lie jJAtA aura jJeyakI AlocanAke bAda hI antarjagat aura bahirjagatke sambandhameM kucha kahanA Avazyaka hai| usake bAda usa antarjagat aura bahirjagatkA viSaya kisa upAyase kahA~ taka jAnA jA sakatA hai aura usake jAnanese phala kyA hai, arthAt jJAnakI sImA kitanI dUra taka hai; jJAna lAbhakA upAya kyA hai, aura jJAna lAbhakA uddezya kyA hai, ina saba bAtoMkI bhI kucha kucha AlocanA isa graMthake prathama bhAgameM honA aprAsaMgika yA asaMgata nahIM hogaa| isa lie ukta sAtoM viSaya, bhUmikAmeM dikhalAI gaI paraMparAke kramase, alaga alaga adhyAyameM varNana kiye jaayeNge|

Page #27
pahalA adhyaay| jnyaataa| jo jAnatA hai arthAt jise jJAna hotA hai vahI jJAtA hai| sAkSAt-sambandhameM maiM apaneko hI jJAtA jAnatA hU~, aura parokSameM apanI taraha anya jIvako bhI anumAnake dvArA jJAtA jAnatA huuN| maiM yaha antardRSTike dvArA dekhatA hU~ ki maiM apane jJAnakA jJAtA huuN| aura jaba dekhatA hU~ ki bahirjagatkA koI viSaya dekha kara maiM jaisA kAma karatA hUM ThIka vaisA hI kAma mere aise aura jIva bhI karate haiM, arthAt maiM jaise kisI bhayAnaka vastuko dekhatA hU~ to use tyAga karatA hU~, yA kisI prItidAyaka vastuko dekhatA hU~ to usakI ora AkRSTa hotA hU~, vaise hI mere aise anya jIva bhI una una vastuoMko dekha kara usI tarahakA AcaraNa karate haiM, taba saMgatarUpase maiM anumAna kara sakatA hU~ ki una una vastuoMko dekha kara mujhameM jaisA jJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaisA hI jJAna mere tulya anya jIvoM meM bhI utpanna hotA hai| aura maiM jaise apane jJAnakA jJAtA hU~ vaise hI ve bhI apane jJAnake jJAtA haiN| aba do prazna uThate haiN| maiM kauna hU~, merA svarUpa kyA hai ? aura merI tarahake anyAnya jIva bhI kauna haiM aura unakA svarUpa kyA hai? __ ina donoM praznoMkA uttara pahale praznake Upara hI nirbhara hai| kyoMki maiM jaisA hU~, anya saba jJAtA bhI saMbhavataH vaise hI haiN| isalie isIkA anusaMdhAna karanA yatheSTa hogA ki prathama praznakA uttara kyA hai| ___ "maiM kauna hai? merA svarUpa kyA hai ? " yaha prazna abhI anAvazyaka jAna par3a sakatA hai, kyoMki maiM mujhe sAkSAt sambandhase jAnatA hU~, AtmajJAnake

Page #28
jJAna aura karma / [prathama bhAga lie anya pramANakI apekSA nahIM hai| maiM kauna hU~, merA svarUpa kyA hai, isa viSayakA jJAna svataHsiddha hai, kisI pramANake dvArA usakI upalabdhi nahIM hotii| __ yaha saca hai ki AtmajJAna svataHsiddha hai / ise sabhI svIkAra karate haiM / vedAntadarzanake bhASyameM bhagavAn zaMkarAcArya ne kahA hai ki " AtmA hI pramANa Adi vyavahAroMkA Azraya hai; ataeva AtmA pramANa Adi vyavahAroMke pahale hI siddha hai|" aura pAzcAtya paNDita DekArTane bhI kahA hai ki "maiM socatA hU~, isalie maiM hU~ / / " arthAt apanA pramANa maiM khuda huuN| kintu ye saba bAteM satya hone para bhI yaha prazna anAvazyaka nahIM hai ki maiM kauna hU~, aura merA svarUpa kyA hai ? kAraNa, yadyapi AtmajJAna svataHsiddha hai aura ukta praznakA uttara kisI bAharI pramANakI apekSA nahIM rakhatA-antardRSTihIke dvArA prApya hai to bhI vaha antardRSTi jaba taka jJAnacarcAkA abhyAsa nahIM karatI, taba taka maiM kauna hU~ aura merA svarUpa kyA hai, isake vizeSa tattvakI upalabdhi nahIM honI, aura isI kAraNa AtmasvarUpake nirNayameM logoMke bIca itanA matabheda dekha par3atA hai| koI kahate haiM, merA sacetana deha hI maiM aura merA. svarUpa hai| koI kahate haiM, merA AtmA hI maiM hU~, aura vaha caitanyasvarUpa hai| yaha deha merA arthAt AtmAkA bandhana aura piMjar3AsA hai| phira jo loga AtmAko hI maiM arthAt jJAtA kahate haiM, ve bhI paraspara ekamata nahIM haiN| unameM bhI eka saMpradAyake loga kahate haiM ki saba AtmA paraspara jude 'jude haiM, aura anya eka saMpradAyake loga kahate haiM ki isa bhedajJAna yA ahaM-jJAnakI jar3a adhyAsa, avidyA yA bhrama hai; vAstavameM AtmA aura brahma eka hI hai| AtmahArane viSaya isa tarahake matabheda hI isa praznakI AvazyakatAkA pratipAdana karate haiM ki maiM kauna hU~, aura merA svarUpa kyA hai ? ___ aneka loga samajha sakate haiM ki AtmajJAnake sambandhameM jaba itanA matabheda hai taba maiM kauna hU~ aura merA rUpa kyA hai, yaha prazna ajJeya hai, aura ise jAnaneke lie samaya naSTa na karake sahajameM jAnaneyogya jo viSaya haiM unheM jAnane meM samaya lagAnese upakAra ho sakatA hai / lekina yaha bAta na to saMgata hai aura ___ * " AtmA tu pramANAdivyavahArAzrayatvAt prAgeva pramANAdivyavahArAt siddhayati / " a0 2, pAda0 3, sUtra 7 kA bhASya / t"Cater:0 Sum."

Page #29
pahalA adhyAya ] jnyaataa| na svIkAra hI kI jA sakatI hai| maiM, arthAt jJAtA kauna hai aura usakA svarUpa kyA hai, yaha na jAnakara aura jAnanekI ceSTA na karake, jJAna aura jJeya padArthakI AlocanA kabhI yuktisiddha nahIM ho sakatI / jJAna jo hai so jJAtAkI hI eka dUsarI avasthA hai / kamase kama jJAtAkA svarUpa kucha bhI jAnA huA na hone para, usase prApta jJAna aura usake dvArA kI gaI jJeya padArthakI AlocanA bhrAnta yA vRthA na hogI, yaha bAta kauna kaha sakatA hai ? apanI darzanendriyake doSake kAraNa maiM agara vastuke yathArtha varNa yA AkAra dekha na pAU~, to merI A~kha ( darzanendriya) ke dvArA prApta jJAna bhrAnta hai, aura vaha saMzodhanake vinA grahaNa karaneke yogya nahIM hai| isI lie yathAsAdhya jJAtAke svarUpakA nirNaya karanA hamArA avazya kartavya hai| kamase kama jaba taka yaha nizcita na ho ki jJAtAke lie yadyapi anya viSaya jJeya haiM tathApi usakA AtmasvarUpa ajJeya hai, taba taka AtmajJAnake lAbhakI ceSTAse kabhI nahIM nivRtta rahA jA sakatA, arthAt AtmajJAna lAbhakI ceSTA nahIM chor3I jA sktii| isa bAtako koI sahaja hI asvIkAra nahIM kara sakatA ki jJAtA hI apanA prathama aura pradhAna jJeya hai| bahirjagatkI vicitratA hamAre cittako itanA apanI ora AkRSTa karatI hai, aura bahirjagatke padArthoM ke Upara hama logoMkA daihika sukha itanA nirbhara hai ki bAhya jagatko lekara hI hamArA adhikAMza samaya bIta jAtA hai| lekina usa vicitratAkA asthAyI honA aura usa sukhakI anityatA jaba jaba manujyakI samajhameM AI hai taba taba vaha AtmajJAna prApta karaneke lie vyAkula ho uThA hai| hamAre upaniSada Adi zAstroM meM isa vyAkulatAke aneka udAharaNa pAye jAte haiN| chAMdogya upaniSadma zvetaketukA upAkhyAna aura nAradasanatkumAra saMvAda aura bahadAraNyaka upaniSadameM maitreyIkA upAkhyAna isake lie dekhanA cAhie / grIsa dezake buddhimAn vidvAnoMne bhI AtmAke svarUpakA nirNaya karaneke lie vizeSa vyagratA dikhalAI hai| isa sambandhameM -sukarAtake ziSya pleTokA 'phiDo' nAmakA graMtha dekhanA caahie| chAMdogya adhyAya 6 / / chAMdogya adhyAya 7 / bRhadAraNyaka adhyAya 2 /

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jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga jJAtA arthAt maiM kauna hU~, aura jJAtAkA arthAt merA svarUpa kyA hai ? isa praznakA uttara pahale apanahIse pUchanA caahie| apane AtmAse isakA jo uttara mile usakI yathArthatAkI parIkSAke lie bAdako yuktike sAtha aura apane sivA anyake vAkya aura kAryake sAtha milA lenA Avazyaka hai| isa parIkSAko prayojanIyatAke saMbaMdhameM isa jagaha para AnuSaMgika rUpase do-eka bAteM kahanA kartavya hai / jaba sabhI jJAna AtmAmeM avabhAsita hote haiM aura AtmA hI jaba saba jJAnoMkA sAkSI hai, taba antardRSTike dvArA AtmAmeM hama. jo dekha pAte haiM usakI phira parIkSA kyA hai, yaha Apatti sahaja hI uTha sakatI hai| isake sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki AtmA jo gavAhI detA hai usake Upara sandeha karanese saMdehake Upara bhI sandeha hotA hai| kintu ina ApattiyoMkA khaNDana bhI sahaja hai| azikSita A~kha jaise bahirjagatkI vastuoMke AkAra prakArako saba jagaha ThIka nahIM dekha pAtI, vaise hI anabhyasta antardRSTi bhI AtmAmeM avabhAsita jJAnakI yathArtha upalabdhimeM samartha nahIM hotii| aura, bahirjagatkA sAkSI jaise mithyAvAdI na hone para bhI bhramavaza ThIka bAta nahIM kara sakatA, vaise hI AtmA bhI, antarjagatke viSayoMke sambandhameM eka mAtra vizvasta sAkSI hone para bhI, asAvadhAnatAvaza ayathArtha sAkSI de sakatA hai| isI kAraNa AtmAke uttarakI yathArthatAkI parIkSA karanA Avazyaka hai| __ aba dekhanA cAhie, 'maiM kauna hU~ ?' isa praznakA uttara AtmAse kyA milatA hai| pahale to yaha jAna par3egA ki AtmA kahatA hai, yaha sacetana deha hI maiM huuN| lekina jarA socakara dekhanese hI isa bAremeM sandeha utpanna hogA ki yaha uttara ThIka hai yA nhiiN| kAraNa dama bhara bAda AtmA hI kahatA hai ki yaha deha merI hai, ataeva yaha deha maiM nahIM hU~- maiM isa dehakA adhikArI huuN| antardRSTike dvArA hama yaha bhI dekha pAte haiM ki AtmA dehakA zAsana karanekI ceSTA karatA hai, basa isIse siddha hai ki yaha deha AtmA arthAt 'maiM' ke sivA anya padArtha hai / yadyapi AtmAkA bAhya jagatke sAtha saba sambandha dehake. Upara nirbhara hai, aura bAhya jagatke viSayakA saba jJAna dehakI sahAyatAse hI pAyA jAtA hai, vicArake kAryase bhI dehakI avasthA badala jAtI hai aura dehakI avasthA badalanese vicAra-kAryakA vyatikrama hotA hai, to bhI AtmAke astitvake lie dehake sAtha usake saMyogakA prayojana nahIM hai|

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pahalA adhyAya ] jnyaataa| yaha bAta parIkSA karake dekhanA Avazyaka hai ki AtmAkI yaha ukti ThIka hai yA nhiiN| kAraNa, isake viruddha bahuta sI bAteM kahI jA sakatI haiN| pahale to aneka loga kaha sakate haiM ki spandana Adi bAhya kiyA jaise jIvita dehake lakSaNa haiM, vaise hI cintana Adi Antarika kriyA bhI jIvita dehake lakSaNa haiM, aura usakA pramANa yaha hai ki jina viveka Adi zaktiyoMko AtmAkI caitanyamaya zakti kahA jAtA hai, unakA bhI dehakI vRddhike sAtha kramazaH vikAsa aura dehake kSayake sAtha kramazaH -hAsa hotA hai| aura bhinna bhinna jAtike jIvoMkI ora mana lagAkara dhyAna denese bhI yahI pratIta hotA hai; kyoMki hama dekha pAte haiM ki jisa jAtike jIvakI deha arthAt mastiSka aura dekhane sunane AdikI indriyA~ jitanA vikAsako prApta haiM, usa jAtike jIvakA caitanya bhI utanA hI vikAsako prApta hai| dUsare, yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki dehako chor3a denese AtmAke astitvakA koI pramANa nahIM pAyA jaataa| ataeva AtmA aura Atma-jJAna, ye donoM jIvita dehake lakSaNa mAtra haiN| __ isa saMzayako dUra karanA bilkula sahaja nahIM hai| ise miTAneke lie jo yuktiyA~ aura tarka haiM ve saMkSepase nIce likhe jAte haiM___ spandana Adi jo kriyA yA guNa sajIva dehake hote haiM ve sajIva jar3ake lakSaNa haiN| ve cintana Adi kriyA yA guNoMkI taraha nahIM haiM; bilkula dUsare hI DhaMgake haiN| spaMdana Adi kriyAoMmeM jo spaMdanako prApta hotA hai, arthAt hilatA DulatA hai, usameM AtmajJAnake rahanekA koI pramANa nahIM pAyA jaataa| kintu cintana Adi viSayoMmeM cintitake AtmajJAnakA honA sarvathA nizcita hai| ataeva yaha anumAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki jar3ake saMyoga yA avasthA parivartanake dvArA AtmajJAna Adi caitanyamaya guNoMkA yA kriyAoMkA udbhava hotA hai / advaitavAdI hone para sAdhAraNataH jar3a zabdakA jisa arthameM prayoga hotA hai, usa arthameM jar3avAdI honese kAma nahIM calatA, arthAt agara eka hI mUlakAraNase saMpUrNa jagatkI utpatti mAnanI hai to vaha eka mUlakAraNa jar3a nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / agara yaha kahA jAya ki jar3ameM caitanya avyaktabhAvase nihita rahatA hai, to phira sRSTikA mUlakAraNa kevala korA jar3a nahIM ThaharA, usako caitanyamaya jar3a mAnanA par3A / yuktike dvArA agara advaitavAdakA pratipAdana karanA ho to 'caitanyamaya brahma hI jagat hai' yaha vedAntakA

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rrrrrrrror jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga advaitavAda hI grahaNa karaneke yogya hai| agara yaha mAnanA hai ki sArA jagat eka hI Adi kAraNase utpanna hai to yaha bhI avazya kahanA hogA ki vaha mUlakAraNa caitanyamaya hai| kyoMki mUlakAraNameM agara caitanya nahIM rahegA to phira jagatmeM caitanya kahA~se AvegA? yukti yahI bAta kahatI hai| vijJAna bhI yaha bAta pramANita karanekI ceSTA kara rahA hai ki hama jise jar3a padArtha samajhate haiM vaha zaktikI kendrasamaSTi hai / isake sivA jar3ake astitvakA eka mAtra sAkSI caitanya, arthAt jJAtAkA jJAna hai / hamAre isa kathanakA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki jJAtAke jJAnake bAhara jar3akA astitva hI nahIM hai| isa kathanakA uddezya yaha hai ki jar3a aura caitanyakA sambandha jahA~ taka samajhA jAtA hai usase kahA jA sakatA hai ki jar3ase caitanyakI utpattike siddhAntakI apekSA caitanyase jar3akI sRSTikA anumAna adhikatara saMgata hai| yaha jo kahA gayA ki dehakI bar3hatI aura ghaTatIke sAtha sAtha caitanya bhI bar3hatA-ghaTatA hai, to yaha bAta bhI kucha dUrataka satya honeke sivA saMpUrNa satya nahIM hai / dehake pUrNa vikAsake sAtha buddhikA bhI pUrNa vikAsa sarvatra nahIM dekhA jaataa| udhara dehakI apUrNatA yA hAsake hote bhI aneka jagaha kisI bhI aMzameM buddhikA abhAva nahIM dekha par3atA, aura kisI jagaha ahaM-jJAnakA rattIbhara bhI abhAva nahIM ghaTita hotA / hA~, dehakI apUrNatA yA -hAsake sAtha sAtha bAhmajagadase sambandha rakhanevAle jJAnakA abhAva sarvatra dekhA jAtA hai| lekina usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki deha hI usa jJAnakI prAptikA upAya hai| bhinna bhinna jAtike jIvoMke caitanyakI kamIbezI jo unake mastiSka aura indriyoMkI pUrNatAkI kamIbezIke sAtha sAtha calatI hai, usakA bhI kAraNa yahI hai ki unake caitanyakA paricaya kevala unake bAhyajagatke kAryoMse pAyA jAtA hai, aura ve saba kArya bahirjagatke viSayoMse sambandha rakhanevAlI unakI jJAnendriyoM aura karmendriyoMke dvArA avazya hI sImAbaddha haiN| ___ yaha jo kahA gayA hai ki dehako chor3akara AtmAke astitvakA pramANa nahIM hai, so bahuta kucha satya hai, lekina isake viruddha yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki nidrAkI hAlatameM dehake nizceSTa rahane para bhI AtmAkA vilopa nahIM hotaa| isa jagaha para aura eka bAta yAda rakhanA Avazyaka hai| deha aura dehakI sArI zakti sImAbaddha aura sAnta hai, kintu AtmA sImAbaddha honA nahIM

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pahalA adhyAya ] jJAtA / cAhatA / AtmA to cintana Adi kriyAoM meM dehakI sImAko lA~ghakara 'ananta' ke bIca phA~danA cAhatA hai / vaha yadyapi anantako pakar3a nahIM sakatA, lekina anantako chor3akara bhI nahIM raha sakatA / sabhI loga antaSTike dvArA isa bAtakA anubhava karate rahate haiM / parantu indriyadvArA prApta dehAdi bahirjagat se sambandha rakhanevAle jJAnako jJAtA kucha eka nyAyake alaMghanIya niyamoMke adhIna kara letA hai, aura ve niyama deha yA bahirjagatse kisI taraha prApta nahIM hote / jaise--eka kAla aura eka sthAnameM kisI padA kA bhAva aura abhAva donoM bAteM nahIM ho sakatIM; arthAt aisA nahIM ho sakatA ki koI padArtha eka samaya eka hI jagahameM rahe bhI aura nahIM bhI rahe / yaha niyama alaMghya hai, isakA kucha bhI vyaktikrama nahIM ho sakatA / -yaha niyama bahirjagatse nahIM pAyA jAtA / koI koI pAThaka kaha sakate haiM ki hama loga bahirjagat meM eka samaya meM eka vastukA bhAva aura abhAva kabhI nahIM dekha pAte, aura isIse isa niyamakI utpatti huI hai / kintu yaha bAta ThIka nahIM hai / aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki chaH pairakA ghor3A yA cAra pairakI cir3iyA hamane kabhI kahIM dekhI nahIM, isIse isa tarahake jIvake honekA anumAna hama nahIM kara sakate / kintu kisI padArthake eka samaya bhAva aura abhAvakA anumAna kabhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / yaha niyama dehakI indri yoMke dvArA pAyA gayA nahIM hai / jJAtA Apa hI isa jJAnakI dhAraNA karatA hai / inhIM saba kAraNoM se yaha upalabdhi hotI hai ki jJAtA yA AtmA sImAbaddha dehase nahIM utpanna huA hai - vaha ananta caitanyase utpanna huA hai 1 isI lie maiM arthAt AtmA, deha nahIM, dehase bhinna padArtha hai / yaha bAta 'kabhI nahIM kahI jA sakatI ki yaha uttara ThIka nahIM hai, athavA parIkSAke dvArA pramANita nahIM huA / balki yuktike dvArA isake viparIta hI siddhAnta nizcita hotA hai / AtmAkA svarUpa kyA hai, AtmA kahA~se AyA aura kahA~ jAyagA, arthAt dehakA saGgaThana hone ke pahale AtmA kahA~ thA, aura dehake vinAzake bAda kahA~ rahegA, ina saba praznoM kA uttara, kyA bhItara aura kyA bAhara, kahIM spaSTa rUpase jJAnakI sImA ke bhItara nahIM pAyA jaataa| magara to bhI ina saba praznoMkA uttara prApta karanA jJAnacarcAkA eka carama uddezya hai, aura jJAtA bhI

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0 warwa jJAna aura karma / [prathama bhAga antardRSTikA avasara pAte hI yahI uttara pAneke lie vyAkula hotA hai / jJAtA anya padArthake svarUpako jahA~ taka jAna sakatA hai, apane svarUpako vahA~ taka nahIM jAna sakatA-yaha vizvakI eka vicitra pahelI hai| yaha kisIko yAda nahIM rahatA ki kisa taraha pahale AtmajJAnakA udaya hotA hai, dUsarese pUcha kara bhI nahIM jAnA jaataa| kAraNa, AtmajJAnakA prathama udaya honeke samaya kisIke vAkzakti nahIM sphurita hotI / kintu ukta saba praznoMke uttara sAkSAt sambandhase jJAnagamya na hone para bhI jJAtA isa bAre meM nizcita nahIM raha sktaa| uttara pAnekI AkAMkSA nivRta nahIM hotI, aura parokSameM yA prakArAntarase yuktike dvArA jo uttara milatA hai vaha jJAnakI sImAke antargata na hone para bhI vizvAsakI sImAke bAhara nahIM ha / ___ AnuSaMgika rUpase isa jagaha jJAna aura vizvAsake sambandhameM do eka bAteM kahanA jarUrI hai| aise aneka viSaya haiM jinake pAsa jJAnakI pahu~ca nahIM hai, magara vizvAsa una taka pUrNa rUpase pahu~catA hai, arthAt jJAnake dvArA hama jisake svarUpakA anumAna nahIM kara sakate, kintu usake Upara vizvAsa kiye binA nahIM rahA jAtA / jaise-hama ananta kAlako apane jJAnake adhIna nahIM kara sakate, lekina yaha bhI nahIM samajha sakate ki kAlakA Adi yA anta hai, aura 'kAla ananta hai' yaha vizvAsa kiye binA nahIM raha skte| ' vizvAsako eka prakArakA avyakta jJAna bhI kaheM to kaha sakate haiM / hama jo kucha jAnate haiM use apanI buddhike adhIna kara sakate haiM, aura kamase kama usake kucha lakSaNa samajha sakate haiM / kintu jise jAnate nahIM, kevala vizvAsa karate haiM, use aneka sthaloM para samajha nahIM sakate, usake lakSaNake sambandhameM kevala 'neti neti' (aisA nahIM hai-aisA nahIM hai) itanA kaha sakate haiM, magara usakA astitva svIkAra kiye binA nahIM raha skte| vizvAsakA mUla saba jagaha samAna nahIM hai| aneka sthaloMpara vizvAsa amUlaka yA kusaMskAramUlaka aura tyAgake yogya hai, aura aneka sthaloMpara vaha samUlaeNka yA sayuktimUlaka aura aparihArya hotA hai| 'vizvAsa' zabda jJAtAko parokSase prApta, arthAt sAkSAt sambandhameM aprApta jJAnakA bhI bodha karAtA hai| yaha kahanekI jarUrata nahIM ki Upara ukta zabdakA prayoga isa arthameM nahIM kiyA gayA hai|

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pahalA adhyAya ] jJAtA / 11 yadyapi jJAnake dvArA AtmAke svarUpakI upalabdhi nahIM hotI, kintu yaha vizvAsa karanekA yatheSTa kAraNa hai ki AtmA jagat ke caitanyamaya Adi kAraNakA. arthAt brahmakA aMza yA zakti hai 1 AtmA brahmakA aMza yA zakti hai, isa kathanakA artha ThIka karanese kAraNakA nirdeza Apase ho jAyagA / yahA~ para yaha saMzaya sahaja hI uTha sakatA hai ki. akhaNDa sarvavyApI sarvazaktimAn brahmakA aMza yA zakti usase alaga kaise rahegI ? isa saMzayako dUra karanA jarUrI hai / isa saMzaya ke sambandha meM, vedAntabhApyake prAraMbha meM, zaMkarAcAryajIne kahA hai ki ahaM jJAna aura ' AtmA brahmase alaga hai' isa bodhakA mUla adhyAsa yA avidyA hai, aura yathArtha jJAna utpanna hone para AtmA aura brahmake ekatvakI upalabdhi hogI / pUrNa jJAna utpanna hone para jJAtA aura jJeya, AtmA aura anAtmA, jIva aura brahmakI ekatA upalabdha ho sakatI hai jaba taka vaha pUrNa jJAna nahIM utpanna hotA tabataka usa adhyAsa yA apUrNa jJAnakA atikramaNa asAdhya hai / zaMkarAcAryajIne bhI adhyAsako anAdi, ananta aura naisargika batalAyA hai / adhyAsa yA apUrNa jJAnake sambandhameM Age calakara, 'jJAnakI sImA' zIrSaka adhyAyameM kucha AlocanA kI jAyagI / isa samaya yahA~ para kevala itanA kaha denA hI yatheSTa hogA ki sarvavyApI akhaNDa brahma apanI ananta zaktike prabhAvase bhinna bhinna AtmAke rUpase prakaTa hue haiM, aisA anumAna karanA hamAre apUrNa jJAnake lie asaMgata nahIM hai; aura AtmAkI sRSTi kisa taraha huI, yaha socate samaya ukta anumAna hI apUrNa jJAnakI ananya gati hai / 5 AtmAkI utpatti aura sthiti, arthAt brahmakI pRthak bhAvase AtmAke rUpameM abhivyakti aura sthiti, kisa samaya se hai aura kaba takake lie hai, isa bAremeM aneka mata haiM / - koI kahatA hai, dehakI utpattike sAtha sAtha AtmAkI utpatti hai, jaba taka dehakI sthiti hai taba taka AtmAkI bhI sthiti hai, aura dehake vinAza ke sAtha hI AtmAkA laya ho jAtA hai / bhAratake cArvAka aura yUropake jar3avAdI logoM kA yahI mata hai / kintu yaha pahale hI dikhAyA jA cukA hai ki ' mAse bhinna padArtha hai, aura dehanAzake sAtha hI AtmAkA lopa yA nAza ho jAtA hai ' yaha anumAna ThIka nahIM hai / A

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jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga koI kahatA hai ki vartamAna dehakI utpattike bahuta pahalese, arthAt anAdi kAlase, AtmAkA astitva hai aura vaha bhinna bhinna dehoMmeM rahatA AyA hai, aise hI vartamAna deha naSTa honeke bAda bhI AtmA bhinna bhinna deha dhAraNa karake unameM rhegaa| jisa AtmAke zubhAzubha karmaphala kSaya hoMge vahI mukti prApta karegA, arthAt brahmameM lIna hogaa| jo loga janmAntara mAnate haiM unakA yahI mata hai| isake anukUla yukti yaha hai ki maMgalamaya IzvarakI sRSTi meM sabhI jIva jo sukhI nahIM dekha par3ate-koI sukhI aura koI dukhI dekha par3atA haiusakA kAraNa jIvake pUrvajanmake karmaphalake sivA aura kucha bhI nahIM ho sakatA / aura, pahale janmakA karmaphala kyoM azubha huA, isakA uttara diyA nahIM jA sakatA, isI kAraNa jIvake pUrvajanma asaMkhya aura anAdikAlavyApI mAnane par3ate haiN| lekina isa yuktike viruddha yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki pUrvajanma agara hai to dUsare janmameM usakA kucha bhI smaraNa na rahanA eka bar3e hI AzcaryakI bAta hai| jaldI ho yA derameM ho, jIva kramazaH supathagAmI hokara pariNAma meM anantakAlasthAyI sukha pAvegA, yaha bAta mAnI jAya to usa ananta kAlake sukhake sAtha tulanA karanese ihakAlakA thor3e dinoMkA duHkha kucha nahIM hai / aura, usa duHkhakA kAraNa batAneke lie asaMkhya honepara bhI ekadama vismRta pUrvajanmakA anumAna karanA anAvazyaka aura asaMgata hai| to bhI isa jagaha para eka bAta yAda rakhanI cAhie / yadyapi AtmA dehase alaga hai aura yadyapi pUrvajanmavAdake viruddha aneka yukti-tarka haiM tathApi dehAvacchinna AtmAmeM dehakI prakRtike anusAra aneka doSa-guNa AjAte haiM, aura hamArI dehakI prakRti hamAre pUrvapuruSoMkI dehakI prakRtike Upara nirbhara hai / ataeva AtmAkA pUrvajanma na rahane para bhI, aura AtmA janmAntarake karmabandhanameM ba~dhA huA na hone para bhI, atItake sAtha AtmAkA vizeSa sambandha hai, aura AtmAko prakArAntarase pUrvapuruSoMke karmaphalakA bhAgI honA par3atA hai| koI kahate haiM, AtmAkI utpatti vartamAna dehake sAtha hai, aura avasthiti anantakAlake lie hai| isa eka janmake karmaphalase usa anantakAlake zubhAzubhakA nirNaya hotA hai| IsAiyoMkA yahI mata hai| kintu yuktike dvArA yaha pramANita nahIM hotA ki isa alpakAlasthAyI ihajIvanakA karmaphala jIvake anantakAlake sukhaduHkhakA kAraNa kisa taraha saMgata ho sakatA hai| /

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pahalA adhyAya ] jnyaataa| kisIke matase AtmAkI utpatti, arthAt paramAtmAse alaga hokara AsmAkI utpatti, dehake sAtha sAtha hotI hai; sthiti ananta kAlataka rahatI hai; gati bIca bIcameM avanatikI ora honepara bhI antako annatikI ora hotI hai; aura antako vaha brahmameM phira mila jAtA hai / anyAnya matoMkI apekSA yahI mata adhikatara yuktisaMgata jAna par3atA hai| jJAtAke arthAt AtmAke svarUpa aura utpatikA nirNaya hamArI saMkIrNa buddhi ke lie atyanta durUha hai, aura ajJeyavAdI logoMke matase hamAre jJAnase atIta hai| kintu jJAtAkI zakti yA kriyAkA nirNaya usakI apekSA sahaja hai aura antardRSTi usa nirNayakA pradhAna upAya hai| to bhI AvazyakatAke anusAra anyAnya pramANoM ke dvArA antardRSTike phala kI parIkSA kara lenA ucita hai| (jJAtAkI zakti yA kriyA aneka prakArakI hai| usakA zreNI-vibhAga karanA ho to tIna zreNiyA~ kI jA sakatI haiM-jAnanA, anubhava karanA, aura ceSTA karanA, yA kArya krnaa| kisI viSayakA tatva yA satyatA hama jAnanA cAhate haiM, vaha sukhakara hai yA duHkhakara hai-yaha hama anubhava karate haiM, aura kisI viSayako jAnakara yA usase honevAle sukha-duHkhakA anubhava karake . kyA kareMge-yaha ceSTA karate haiN| antarjagatakA tattva jAnanekA upAya bhItarI indriya yA mana hai| bahirjagatakA tattva jAnanekA upAya cakSu, zrotra, vANa, rasanA aura tvak ye pA~ca bAharI indriyA~ haiM / inake sivA smRti, kalpanA, aura anumAnake dvArA anya aneka prakArake tattva jAne jA sakate haiN| ina saba viSayoMke sambandhameM ' antarjagat , ' ' bahirjagat ' aura 'jJAnalAbhake upAya' zIrSaka adhyAyoMmeM kucha AlocanA kI jaaygii| sukha-duHkhakA anubhava karanA bhI eka prakArakA jAnanA hai-arthAt apanI usa ghar3IkI avasthA jAnanA hai| magara hAM, anya prakArake jAnaneka sAtha bheda yahI hai ki isa jagaha para jAnanekA viSaya koI tatva yA satya nahIM hai, balki jJAtAkA apanA sukha-duHkha yA anyarUpa avasthA hai| isI jAnaneko yahIM para anubhavake nAmase abhihita kiyA hai| kintu Age cala kara anubhava aura jJAnavibhAgake viSayakI aura ' antarjagat ' zIrSaka adhyAyameM isa viSayakI aura bhI kucha AlocanA kI jaaygii|

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jJAna aura karma / [ prathama bhAga ceSTA yA kArya karmavibhAgakA viSaya hai 1 * kartAkI svatantratA hai yA nahIM ? ' isa adhyAyameM isakI AlocanA kI jaaygii| yaha jJAtA yA AtmA trividha kriyAoMmeMse eka hai, isI lie isa jagaha para isakA ullekha kiyA gayA / yahA~ para yaha kaha denA kartavya hai ki AtmAke svarUpake sAtha ceSTA yA karanekI zaktikA sambandha atyanta vicitra hai / AtmAke jJAna yA anubhUtikA mukhya kAraNa jJAta yA anubhUta viSaya hotA hai, kintu AtmAkI ceSTA yA kAryakA mukhya kAraNa AtmA svayaM hI hai / kamase kama pahale yahI pratIta hotA hai / magara kucha dhyAna denese dekha par3atA hai ki AtmAkI yaha kartRtvapratIti bhramamUlaka hai / phalataH AtmAko kisI kAryameM svatantratA nahIM hai / sabhI kArya tatkAlIna saMnihita bahirjagatkI avasthA aura udyata aMtaHkaraNakI pravRttike dvArA nirUpita hote haiM / vaha bahirjagatkI avasthA aura antaHkaraNakI pravRtti AtmAke adhIna nahIM hai, kArya kAraNakI paraMparAkA krama unheM niyukta karatA hai / isa jagaha para gItAkI yaha ukti yAda AtI hai-- 14 HA prakRteH kriyamANAni guNaiH karmANi sarvazaH / ahaMkAravimUDhAtmA kartAhamiti manyate // [ gItA, a0 3, zlo027 ]. ( arthAt - saba karma prakRtike guNoM dvArA kiye jAte haiM / magara ahaMkAra se - mUr3ha ho rahA AtmA samajhatA hai ki unakA kartA maiM hU~ / AtmA karmakSetrameM udAsIna hai yA karmoMmeM lipta hai, aura agara karmoMmeM lipta hai to AtmAkI svatantratA hai yA nahIM, ina saba bAtoMke bAremeM bahuta matabheda hai / usakA ullekha bAdako hogaa| yahA~ para itanA hI kahanA yatheSTa hogA ki dehayukta apUrNa avasthA meM AtmA svatantra nahIM, prakRti - paratantra hai / kintu AtmA jagatke Adi kAraNa usI brahmake caitanya svarUpakA aMza hai, isI lie apUrNa avasthAmeM bhI apanemeM asphuTa rUpase usa Adi kAraNakI svatantratAkA anubhava karatA hai / jAna par3atA hai, yahI AtmAke svatantratAvAda aura paratanyatAvAdI sthUla mImAMsA hai / AtmAkA svatantratAviSayaka asphuTa jJAna aura kAryakAraNaviSayaka alaMghya niyamake sAtha usa jJAnakA virodha dekha par3atA hai / isa vicitra rahasyakA marma samajhaneke lie Upara jo kahA gayA hai, usake sivA aura kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA /

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pahalA adhyAya [ jnyaataa| jJAtA arthAt AtmA dehayukta avasthAmeM, apUrNa jJAnameM adhyAsa yA bhramake kAraNa, ahaMkAraviziSTa aura svatantratAhIna rahatA hai / dehabandhanase mukta aura pUrNa jJAnako prApta honepara AtmA, ahaMbuddhiko chor3akara brahmake sAtha ekatA, svAdhInatA aura paramAnandako prApta hogaa| yahI anumAna saMgata jAna par3atA hai| isa bAtake pramANasvarUpa yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki hamArA 'maiM huuN| yahaM bhAva-arthAt AtmA aura anAtmAkA bhedajJAna-aura sAtha hI sAtha AtmAkI saMkIrNatA jitanA hI kama hotI jAtI hai, aura yathArtha jJAnavRddhike sAtha sAtha AtmA jitanA hI apane kSudrabhAvako chor3akara dUsareko apanAnAM aura svArthatyAga karanA sIkhatA hai, utanI hI AtmAkI svAdhInatA aura Ananda bar3hatA hai, aura jagatke sacce maMgalakI vRddhi hotI hai / dehadhArIke lie deharakSAke anurodhase saMpUrNa svArthatyAga saMbhava nahIM hai, kintu paropakArake lie svArthakI mAtrAko ghaTAnA sabhIke lie sAdhya hai / aura, jo koI jitanA svArthatyAga kara sakatA hai vaha utanA hI apanA aura jagatkA maMgala karane meM samartha hotA hai|

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dUsarA adhyaay| jJeya / jJAtA arthAt AtmA jo jAna sakatA hai, athavA jAnanA cAhatA hai vahI jJeya hai| koI koI kahate haiM ki AtmA jise jAna sakatA hai kevala usIko jJeya kahanA ucita hai, aura AtmA jise jAnanA cAhatA hai lekina use jAnanekI zakti usameM nahIM hai, use ajJeya kahanA caahie| yaha bAta pahale sunate hI saMgata mAlUma ho sakatI hai, lekina jarA socakara dekhanese, pahale jo kahA gayA hai vahI yuktisiddha jAna pdd'egaa| kyoMki jo jAnanekI AkAMkSA hotI hai vaha jAnanekI zakti na hone para bhI yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki vaha jAnaneke yogya nahIM hai| isake sivA, jo jAnanekI AkAMkSA hotI hai, usakA svarUpa na jAna sakane para bhI, usakA astitva to jAnA gayA hai; athavA yoM kaho ki usake rahane-na rahaneke phalAphalakA vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataeva use ekadama ajJeya nahIM kahA jA sakatA / advaitavAdI logoMke matameM jJAtAko pUrNa jJAna prApta ho jAne para jJeya aura jJAtAkA pArthakya nahIM raha sakatA / kintu jaba taka vaha pUrNa jJAna nahIM paidA hotA taba taka jJeya aura jJAtAkA pArthakya avazya rhegaa| isase yaha niSkarSa nikalA ki jJAtAkA prathama aura pradhAna jJeya vaha svayaM hI hai| jJeya padArthake do bhAga kiye jA sakate haiM-AtmA yA anAtmA, yA antajagat aura bahirjagat / donoMkI hI alaga alaga AlocanA Age cala kara

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dUsarA adhyAya ] jnyey| hogii| isa adhyAyameM donoMke saMbaMdhameM ekatra jo kahA jA sakatA hai vahI yahA~ vivecanakA viSaya hai| jJeyatva padArthakA eka lakSaNa hai sahI, lekina vaha avacchedaka lakSaNa nahIM hai| sabhI padArtha brahmake arthAt caitanyamaya sraSTAke jJeya haiM, kintu isa tarahake aneka padArthoMkA honA saMbhava hai, jo anya kisI jJAtAke jJeya nahIM haiN| aura, anya koI agara na hotA to bhI ve saba padArtha raha sakate / isa tarahake asaMkhya padArthoMkA rahanA saMbhava hai jinake bAremeM hama kucha nahIM jAnate, aura jinake sambandhameM ekadama jJAnakA abhAva honeke kAraNa kucha jAnatekI AkAMkSA bhI kabhI nahIM hotI / aura, jina padArthoMke bAre meM hama jAnate haiM unake bAremeM bhI yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki hama na hote to unakA bhI astitva na hotaa| hamAre na rahane para bhI jagat raha sakatA / hA~, yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki hama jisa jagatko dekhate haiM, arthAt jagatko hama jaisA dekhate haiM, vaha hamAre na rahanese rahatA yA na rhtaa| isIkI AlocanA Age kI jAtI hai| jJeyatva padArthakA avacchedaka lakSaNa nahIM hai, kintu vaha eka atyanta Azcaryamaya lakSaNa hai / apanese pRthak padArthakA astitva aura guNa maiM jAnatA hU~, yaha socakara dekhanese ati vicitra vyApAra dekha par3atA hai (yaha bAta sahaja hI kahI jA sakatI hai ki koI padArtha merI jJAnendriyake sAtha saMyogako prApta hotA hai to mujhameM usake astitvakA jJAna utpanna hotA hai, aura jo jo indriya jisa jisa guNakA jJAna karAtI hai, usa usa indriyake sAtha saMyoga honese padArthake usa usa guNakA jJAna prApta hotA hai| kintu ye bAteM kahanA jitanA sahaja hai utanA unakA marma hRdayaMgama honA sahaja nahIM hai| to kisa padArthake sAtha merI indriyakA saMyoga kaisA hai, dUsare merI indriyake sAtha merA saMyoga kaisA hai, tIsare ina donoM saMyogoMkA phala padArthaviSayaka jJAna mujhameM hI kisa taraha prakaTa hotA hai, ina bAtoMko anirvacanIya kahakara svIkAra karanA par3atA hai| __ Upara kahA gayA hai ki pUrNa jJAnake lie jJAtA aura jJeya eka haiM, aura apUrNa jJAnake lie jJAtA aura jJeya alaga alaga haiN| aura, jJAtAke na rahane para bhI padArtha raha sakatA hai, to bhI maiM na hotA to maiM jo yaha jagat dekha rahA hU~ so vaha jagat ThIka aisA hI rUpa dhAraNa karatA yA nahIM, yaha bAta AlocanAke jJAna0-2

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18 jJAna aura karma / [ prathama bhAga . yogya hai / vaha AlocanAkA viSaya prakArAntarase isa praznakA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai ki jJAtA jJeya padArthakI utpatti hai yA jJeyase jJAtAkI utpatti hai ? arthAt mujhase jagat hai, yA jagatle maiM hU~ ? pahale jAna par3a sakatA hai ki Upara kahA gayA prazna niSkarmA vyavahArabuddhivihIna naiyAyika paNDitake "telakA AdhAra pAtra hai, yA pAtrakA AdhAra tela hai ?" isa praznakI taraha ha~sane yogya hai / kintu tanika socakara dekhanese samajha par3egA ki usameM tarala hAsya rasakI apekSA atyanta gaharA rahasya nihita hai / vedAnta darzanake advaita vAdamatameM kahA hai: : <" brahma satyaM jaganmithyA jIvo brahmaiva nAparaH / 93 66 brahma satya hai, jagat mithyA hai, jIvAtmA aura brahma eka hI haiM, ' " aura AtmAke bhrama yA adhyAsake kAraNa usake nikaTa yaha jagat satya pratIta hotA hai / pAzcAtya kramavikAsavAda yA abhivyaktivAda ( Evolution ) mAnanevAle loga kahate haiM ki yaha anAdi ananta jagat hI satya hai, aura AtmA yA 'maiM' usa jagatse kramavikAsake dvArA prakaTa hue haiM / eka matameM AtmA hI mUla hai, aura jagatko AtmA apane bhramake kAraNa apane sAmane pratIyamAna karatA hai / dUsare matameM jagat hI mUla hai, aura jagatke kramavikAsa yA abhivyaktike pravAhameM bhasaMkhya jIva jalabudbudakI taraha uThate aura kucha samaya taka krIr3A karake vilIna ho jAte haiN| 1 jagatko caitanyamaya brahmakA vikAsa aura jar3ako catanyazaktikA rUpAntara agara mAnA jAya, to nIhArikAke paramANupuMja meM aura jagatke haraeka paramANu prachannarUpa se caitanyazakti hai, yaha bAta kahane meM koI bAdhA nahIM rahatI, aura yaha bhI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki jagatkI abhivyaktike dvArA AtmAkI utpatti hotI hai / phalataH isa bhAvase yaha viSaya grahaNa karane para abhivyakti kevala sRSTikI prakriyA mAtra samajha par3atI hai / usake sivA jar3ase kramazaH caitanyakI utpatti honA samajhameM nahIM AtA / jo loga yaha kahate haiM ki kramavikAsake dvArA jar3ase caitanyakI utpatti hotI hai aura dehake nAzake sAtha sAtha AtmAkA nAza hotA hai, unake matake viruddha jo bar3I bar3I bhArI ApattiyA~ haiM unakA varNana pahaleke adhyAyameM kiyA jA cukA hai| aba dekhanA

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jJeya / dUsarA adhyAya ] 19 cAhie yaha mata kahA~taka yuktisaMgata hai ki jJAtAse jJeyakI arthAt AtmAse jagatkI sRSTi hotI hai / jJAtAke lie apanA jJAna hI jJeya padArthake arthAt pratIyamAna jagatke astitvakA pramANa aura usake svarUpakA nirNaya karanevAlA hai / jagat meM hamAre jJAnase atirikta arthAt hamAre jJAnake bAhara aneka padArthoMkA honA saMbhava hai, aura jagatkA yathArtha svarUpa hama jagatko jaisA dekhate haiM usase bhinna ho sakatA hai / magara hA~, merA AtmA bAharI indriya aura bhItarI indriyake dvArA jagatko jaisA dekhatA hai aura socatA hai, avazya vaha vaisA hI mujhe pratIta hotA hai / jagatkA vaha pratIta rUpa bhrAntimUlaka hai yA yathArtha svarUpa hai, yahI isa samaya jijJAsAkA viSaya hai / yaha nizcita rUpase nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki merA jAnA huA rUpa hI jJeya padArthakA saccA aura ThIka svarUpa hai; kyoMki aneka sthaloMpara isake viparIta dekhaneko milatA hai / jaise--mujhe pANDu roga ho jAya to aura loga jisa vastuko zvetavarNa dekheMge use maiM pItavarNa dekhU~gA, aura merI A~khoM aura kAnoM meM agara tIkSNa zakti nahIM hogI to anya loga jo kucha dekha-suna pAveMge vaha maiM nahIM dekha-suna pAU~gA / kintu yadyapi vizeSa vizeSa sthaloMmeM aisA hotA hai, to bhI kyA sAdhAraNataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jagat ke viSayameM hama jo kucha jAnate haiM so sabhI bhrAntipUrNa hai ? yadyapi advaitavAdI vedAntIke matameM jagat mithyA aura adhyAsamUlaka hai, lekina svayaM zaMkarAcAryajIne hI usa adhyAsako anAdi ananta aura svAbhAvika kahA hai / jagatko jo mithyA kahA hai so zAyada isa arthameM kahA hai ki jagat anitya hai, aura ha vartamAna dehayukta avasthAkA sukha-duHkha, jo jagat ke Upara nirbhara hai, vaha bhI anitya hai aura brahma hI nitya hai - brahmajJAnakA lAbha hI hamAre lie carama aura nitya sukhakA upAya hai / kintu jagat ke sambandha meM hama jo kucha jAnate haiM, 'usa sabako agara bhrAntimUlaka kaheM, to yaha bhI kahanA par3egA ki caitanya brahma"kI sRSTikriyA viDambanA mAtra hai / kintu yaha kathana kabhI saMgata nahIM ho sakatA / ataeva yadyapi hama apUrNa jJAnakI avasthA meM jagat ke pUrNa svarUpako nahIM jAna sakate, to bhI jagat ke sambandha meM hamArA jJAna usa apUrNatA - doSa aura vyaktigata rogAdise utpanna honevAle doSake sivA anya kisI prakArake doSa

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jJAna aura karma / [ prathama, bhAga se dUSita yA ekadama bhrAntibhUlaka nahI hai, yahI mata yuktisaMgata hai| lekina hA~, haraeka sthalameM jagatake sambandhameM hama jo jAna sakate haiM, vaha yathArtha hai yA nahIM, isakI parIkSA karanA Avazyaka hai / aura, yaha bhI yAda rakhanA kartavya hai ki ukta apUrNatA doSa atyanta sAdhAraNa doSa nahIM hai, aura usase saba tarahake bhrama utpanna ho sakate haiN| isakA eka sAdhAraNa dRSTAnta diyA jAtA hai / hama AkAzameM candra, sUrya, graha, tArAgaNa, chAyApatha, nIhArikA Adi jo asaMkhya jyotirmaNDala dekhate haiM, unakI avasthiti aura sthAnakA nirdeza karaneke lie, aneka jyotirvidyAke vidvAnoMne unake sambandhake niyama nizcita karanekA prayAsa kiyA hai / aneka loga yaha bhI soca sakate haiM ki isake sambandha meM koI niyama nahIM hai, aura sUrya-candra Adi jyotirmaya padArtha zUnya meM jisa taraha sthita dekha par3ate haiM, usameM koI zRMkhalA nahIM dikhAI detI / kintu kucha socanese hI samajha meM AtA hai ki hama logoMkI darzanendriyakI zakti sImAbaddha hai / yadyapi hama bahuta dUra para sthita tAroMko dekha sakate haiM, lekina anantake sAtha tulanAmeM ve adhika dUra nahIM haiM, aura jagatkA dRzya jahA~ taka hama dekha pAte haiM vaha yadyapi atyanta vistRta hai, kintu vaha ananta jagatkA atyanta kSudra aMza mAtra hai / aura, agara hamArI darzanazakti meM pUrNa - tA yA adhikatara vyApti hotI, aura hama isa samaya sArA jagat athavA jagatukA jitanA aMza dekha pAte haiM usakI apekSA adhika aMza dekha pAte, to yaha asaMbhava nahIM ki yaha AkAza hamArI dRSTimeM dUsarA hI rUpa dhAraNa kiye hue hotA / jahA~ para jAna par3atA hai ki kucha nahIM hai, vahA~ para asaMkhya tAre dekha par3ate, aura jahA~ jisa taraha vizRMkhala bhAvase tArAgaNa Adi sthita jAna par3ate haiM vahA~ usakI apekSA adhikatara zRMkhalAbaddha rUpameM ve dekha par3ate / jJAtAkI darzanendriyakI eka tarahakI apUrNatA arthAt adUradRSTike phalase jJeya padArthakA aisA apUrNa vikAsa hotA hai| dRSTikI aura eka prakAra kI apUrNatA ke kAraNa, arthAt sUkSma dRSTi na honeke kAraNa, aura eka prakArakA jJeya padArthakA apUrNa vikAsa ghaTita hotA hai| jar3a padArthakA Abhyantarika saMgaThana kaisA hai, vaha paramANusamaSTi hai yA zaktikendra samaSTi haiM, paramANukA saMgaThana kaisA hai, ina saba praznoM kA uttara pUrNatAko prApta sUkSma dRSTi ke lie anAyAsa labhya hotA / lekina vaisI dRSTizaktikA abhAva honeke kAraNa jJeya jar3a padArtha ke svarUpake sambandha meM na jAneM kitanI bhrAntimU 20

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dUsarA adhyAya ] jnyey| laka kalpanAe~ hotI haiM, aura vaijJAnika paNDita loga na-jAne kitanI anizcita AlocanAyeM kiyA karate haiM (1) / jJAtAkI apUrNatAke kAraNa jJeyakA apUrNa vikAsa hotA hai / aba yaha dekhanA cAhie ki jJAtAkA anya koI doSa yA guNa jJeya padArthako sparza karatA hai yA nhiiN| yahA~ para vyaktivizeSake doSa-guNa (jaise, kisIke A~kha-kAna Adike vizeSa doSa-guNa) kI bAta nahIM kahI jA rahI hai| jJAtAke sAdhAraNa doSa-guNakI bAta hI vicAraNIya hai| __ pahale to yaha avazya hI svIkAra karanA hogA ki jJeya jo hai so jJAtAke jJAnake niyamake adhIna hai| arthAt hamArA jJAna jisaniyamake adhIna hai koI jJeya viSaya usake viparIta bhAvako dhAraNa kara sakatA hai, aisA hama nahIM soca sakate / pAzcAtya nyAyazAstriyoMke matameM hamAre (2)jJAnake niyama tIna haiM: -svarUpaniyama-jo jo hai vaha vahI hai| jaise manuSya manuSya hI hai| 2-vaiparItya niyama--koI padArtha eka hI samayameM do paraspara viparIta rUpa nahIM dhAraNa kara sktaa| jaise, koI padArtha eka hI samayameM zukla aura azukla nahIM ho sktaa| ___3-vikalpa pratiSedhaniyama-koI bAta aura usake viparIta bAta, donoM satya yA donoM mithyA nahI ho sktiiN| eka satya aura dUsarI mithyA avazya hI hogI / jaise, 'ka zuklavarNa hai' aura ' ka zuklavarNa nahIM hai, ' ina donoM bAtoMmeM eka satya aura dUsarI mithyA avazya hI hogii| deza aura kAla jJAtAke jJAnake niyamamAtra haiM, yA ye jJeyaviSaya haiM, isameM aneka matabheda haiM / prasiddha pAzcAtya dArzanika kAnTake matameM deza aura kAla jJeya padArtha nahIM haiM, kevala jJAtAke niyama haiM, jo padArthameM Aropita haiM (3) / harbarTa spensarake matameM deza aura kAla jJeya viSaya haiM, jJAtAke jJAnake niyama nahIM haiM (4) / jinake matameM deza aura kAla jJeya padArtha nahIM haiM, kevala jJAtAke jJAnake niyamamAtra haiM, ve apane matakA samarthana karaneke lie isa taraha tarka karate haiM (1) Karl pearson's Grammar of Science ch. VII dekho| (2) Bain's Logic part I. P. 16 aati (3) Kant's Critique of pure Reason, Max Maller's Translation Vol. II page. 20, 27. (4) H. Spencer's First Principles, pt. I ch. III.

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22 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga ki deza aura kAla jJAtAke jJAnake bAhara nahIM raha sakate, kyoMki agara yaha bAta ho to bahirjagatke padArthake jJAnase deza aura kAlakA jJAna kramazaH utpanna hotaa| kintu aisA nahIM hotA, pahalehIse bahirjagatke kisI bhI viSayako hama deza aura kAlase asaMyukta nahIM soca sakate / ataeva deza-kAlakA jJAna bAharase prApta nahIM hai, bhItara hI prakaTa hai / yaha tarkasaMgata hai sahI, lekina isake dvArA yaha bAta nahIM pramANita hotI ki deza-kAla jJeya padArtha nahIM haiMkevala jJAtAke jJAnake niyama haiM, aura hamAre aise jJAtAke na hone para deza-kAla bhI na hotA / balki deza-kAlase asaMyukta vissy| hama soca nahIM sakate, to isase yaha bAta pramANita hotI hai ki deza-kAla svataHsiddha jJeya padArtha haiM, aura anyAnya jJeya padAthAkI apekSA inakA astitva adhikatara nizcita hai| jisa deza-kAlase anavacchinna viSayakA honA socA bhI nahIM jA sakatA, aura jinakA abhAva khayAlameM bhI nahIM lAyA jA sakatA, ve hI deza-kAla jJAtAke bAhara nahIM haiM aura jJAtAke dvArA jJeya padArthameM Aropita hote haiM-yaha bAta agara kahI jAya to jJAtAke arthAt AtmAke sAkSya vAkyakI sacAImeM sandeha hotA hai, aura sandeha karane para usa sandehake Upara bhI sandeha hotA hai| kArya-kAraNa sambandhako lekara bhI ukta prakArakA matabheda ho sakatA hai, kintu usa sambandhako bhI AtmAke sAkSya-vAkyoMmeM jJeya viSaya kahanA hogA -kevala jJAtAke jJAnakA niyama nhiiN| kAraNa aura kAryakI paraMparA hI lakSita hotI hai, isake sivA vaha prakriyA hama nahIM jAna sakate jisake dvArA jisa taraha kAraNa kAryako utpanna karatA hai| kintu kAraNa aura kAryake bIca kevala pAramparya hI nahIM hai, aura tarahakA bhI sambandha hai-aisA soce binA nahIM rahA jA sktaa| pUrNajJAnameM dazadizA eka haiM, tInoM kAla eka haiM aura kArya kAraNa bhI eka hI haiM, aisI upalabdhi ho sakatI hai| kintu vaha ekatva apUrNa jJAnakA jJeya nahIM hai / to bhI isIlie apUrNa jJAnake jJeyako ekadama bhrAMtimUlaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| deza, kAla aura kAraNa, ye tInoM jJeya hamAre jJAnakI apUrNatAkA pUrNa aura acchA pramANa dete haiN| hama manameM yaha anumAna nahIM kara sakate ki deza-kAla aura kAraNaparaMparAkA anta hai, sAtha hI manameM inakI ananta pUrNatAkI dhAraNA

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jJeya / 23 dUsarA adhyAya ] bhI nahIM kara sakate / isake bAhara aura deza nahIM hai, yA isa kAlake bAda aura kAla nahIM hai, athavA isa kAraNakA aura kAraNa nahIM hai--yaha kabhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kahane para bhI AkAMkSAkI nivRtti nahIM hotI / athaca inakI anantapUrNatAko bhI apane jJAnagamya karanemeM hama asamartha haiM / isa jagaha para vizvAsa hIM hamAre lie avalaMbana hai, aura jo anantadezavyApI, anantakAlasthAyI aura saba kAraNoMkA AdikAraNa hai aura jar3acaitanyamaya samasta jagat jisakI virATmUrti hai, vaha brahma hI hamArA carama aura parama jJeya haiyaha vizvAsa hI hamArI jJAnapipAsAko bujhAnekA ekamAtra upAya hai / (2 jJeyake sambandha meM aura do bAteM haiM, jinakA sambandha antarjagat aura bahijagat donoMse hai / eka triguNatattva aura dUsarI jJeya yAM padArthakA prakAranirNaya | triguNatattva arthAt rajoguNa satoguNa aura tamoguNa, ina tInoM guNoM kI AlocanA yA ullekha pAzcAtya darzanoM meM nahIM dekha par3atA / kintu sAGkhya darzanake mata meM prakRti triguNAtmikA hai, aura inhIM tInoM guNoMkI viSamatAse jagat kI sRSTikriyAkA sampAdana hotA hai ( 1 ) / isake sivA vedAnta darzanameM isI bAtakA jahA~para prativAda kiyA gayA hai vahA~para ina tInoM guNoM kA ullekha hai ( 2 ) / una saba viSayoMkI AlocanA yahA~para anAvazyaka hai / to bhI yukti ke anusAra dekhane para jahA~taka samajha par3atA hai, usase rajoguNa, satoguNa, tamoguNa, ina tInoM guNoMko kriyA, jJAna aura ajJAnakA bodha karanevAle guNa mAna liyA jA sakatA hai, athavA sRSTi, sthiti aura vinAza jagatke ina trividha kAryoMkA kAraNa jo zakti hai usake guNa svIkAra kara liyA jA sakatA hai| ye donoM artha ekadama asaMbaddha yA bemela bhI nahIM haiM / zAstrameM yahI prasiddha hai ki rajoguNase sRSTi, satoguNase sthiti aura tamoguNase vinAza, tInoM guNoMse jagatke ye tInoM kArya hote haiN| sRSTi eka kriyA hai / jo sRSTa huA vaha pahale prakaTa nahIM thA, pIche prakaTa huA, isIlie usakI sthiti hai -- jJAnake prakAzameM usakA avasthAna hai / aura vinAza phira aprakaTa ho jAnA, arthAt ajJAnake andhakArameM magna ho jAnA / prAyaH sabhI jJeya padArthoMkI avasthAke sRSTi-sthiti- vinAza ye tIna krama haiM / rajaH, satva, tamaH ye tInoM guNa usI kramake jJApaka haiM / 1 (1) sAMkhyadarzana, 1 - 61 dekho / (2) zAMkarabhASya, 1 / 4 / 8-10 dekho /

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jJAna aura karma / [ prathama bhAga ina tInoM guNoMkA kucha AbhAsa AryazAstra ke bIca chAndogya upaniSad meM (1) aura zvetAzvatara upaniSad meM ( 2 ) pAyA jAtA hai / ukta donoM upaniSadoM meM lohita zukla kRSNa kahakara ( 3 ) jina tIna rUpoMkA ullekha hai ve hI satva, rajaH, tamaH ye tInoM guNa haiM / socakara dekhanese jAna par3atA hai ki anike jalane yA sUryake nikalanekI prathama avasthAkA varNa lohita yA lAla hotA hai, pIche pUrI taurase Aga jalane yA sUrya nikalanepara zukla varNa hotA hai / antako Aga bujhane yA sUrya asta honepara kRSNavarNa hotA hai / 24 jJeya yA padArthake prakAra nirNayake lie sabhI dezoMke dArzanika paNDitoM ne prayAsa kiyA hai / prAcIna nyAyameM maharSi gautamane solaha padArthoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai, kintu vaha jJeya padArthakA prakArabheda nahIM hai - ve nyAyadarzanake solaha viSaya mAtra haiN| maharSi kaNAdane vaizeSika darzanameM dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa, aura samavAya, padArthake ye chaH prakArabheda kahe haiM / navyanyAyake matameM padArthake ukta chaH prakArabheda abhAvako milAkara sAta kahe haiM ( 4 ) / grIsa dezake dArzanika arisTaoNTala ( arastU ) ke matameM padArtha dasa prakArake haiM, aura una prakAroMko unhoMne 'kATigarI' nAma se likhA hai ( 1 ) / una dasa prakAroMke bIca deza aura kAlako chor3akara bAkI AThakA samAveza nyAyake sAta prakAroM meM ho jAtA hai / jarmana dArzanika kAnTake mata meM arisTATalakA prakArabheda yuktisiddha nahIM hai / unake matameM bahirjagatke jJeya padArthoMkA mUla prakArabheda, jJAtAke antarjagat meM jo svataH siddha mUla prakArabhedake niyama haiM, unhIMkA anugAmI honA Avazyaka hai | aura tadanusAra ve prakAra cAra prakArake haiM / jaise--1 parimANa ( eka, aneka, samagra), 2 guNa ( sattA, asattA, apUrNa sattA ), 3 sambandha samavAya, kArya-kAraNa, sApekSatA ), 4 bhAva ( saMbhava, asaMbhava, asti, nAsti, nirvikalpa, savikalpa ) / 6 ) (1) 6 a0, 4 khaMDa dekho / (2) 4 a0, 1 kha0, dekho / (3) "ajAmekAM lohitazuklakRSNAM / " (4) dravyaM guNakarma sAmAnyaM savizeSakam / samavAyastathAbhAvaH padArthAH sapta kIrtitAH // (9) Aristotle's Organon, Categories, Ch. IV dekho / (6) Critique of Pure Reason, Max Muller's translation Vol. II. P. 71. dekho /

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ndUsarA adhyAya ] shey| 25 sthUlabhAvase dekhA jAya to dravya, guNa, karma, sambandha aura abhAva, jJeya 'padArthake pA~ca prakAra nirdiSTa ho sakate haiN| agara pahale ina pA~camase koI eka dUsareke bhItara na Ave, aura dUsare saba jJeya padArtha yA viSaya hI ina pA~cameMse kisI-na-kisIke bIcameM avazya hI AjAya~, arthAt agara ye pA~coM prakAra paraspara jude aura saba viSayoM meM vyApaka hoM, to yaha vibhAga yuktisiddha mAna liyA jA sakatA hai / aba dekhanA cAhie yaha bAta hotI hai ki nhiiN| dravyameM guNa rahatA hai, kintu dravya guNa nahIM hai--guNa bhI dravya nahIM hai| 'ghaTaM bar3A ho sakatA hai, lekina 'ghaTa' dravya aura 'bar3A honA ' guNa, donoM paraspara bhinna haiN| karma jo hai so dravya yA dravyake guNa dvArA saMpanna ho sakatA hai, lekina karma dravya nahIM hai, guNa bhI nahIM hai| bar3A ghaTa gira gayA, isa jagaha 'gira jAnA' karma ghaTa aura bar3A honA, donoMse pRthaka hai| bar3e ghar3eke Upara choTA ghar3A hai, yahA~ para ' Upara-tale' yaha sambandha donoM ghaTa aura unake guNa aura karmase bhinna hai / yahA~ ghar3A nahIM hai, isa jagaha ghar3ekA abhAva ghaTa aura usake guNa, karma yA sambandhase bhinna hai| ataeva Upara kahI gaI pahalI bAta ThIka jAna par3atI hai| ___ aba dUsarI bAta ThIka hai yA nahIM, arthAt jJeya padArtha yA saba viSaya ukta pA~ca prakAroM meM se kisI ekake bhItara avazya A jAte haiM yA nahIM, yaha dekhanekI jarUrata hai| yaha parIkSA utanI sahaja nahIM hai, kyoMki yahaoNpara sabhI jJeya padArthoM yA viSayoMkI parIkSA karanI hai| yaha to anAyAsa hI dekhA jAtA hai ki bahirjagatke saba padArtha yA viSaya ukta pA~ca prakAroMke hI antargata haiN| lekina yaha prazna yahA~ uTha sakatA hai ki deza aura kAla ye donoM padArtha bhI aise hI haiM yA nahIM ? deza aura kAla kevala jJAtAke jJAnake niyama na hokara agara jJeya viSaya hoM, to unakI dravyameM ginatI hogii| yadi deza aura kAla kevala jJAnake niyama arthAt antarjagatke viSaya haiM to unakI bAta Age kahIM jAtI hai / zaktiko dravya aura guNa donoM zreNiyoM meM grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| agara zaktiko dravyameM saMnihita socA jAya to vaha guNa hai, aura agara use dravyase alaga dekhA jAya to zaktikI ginatI dravyameM honI caahie| antarjagatke viSayoMmeM, smRti, kalpanA yA anumAnake dvArA upalabdha saba viSaya, unakI bahirjagatkI pratikRti jisa jisa prakArake antargata hai usI

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26 jJAna aura karma / [ prathama bhAga usI prakArake antargata haiN| jaise - yAda kiye gaye mitrakI mUrti dravya hai, kalpita cA~dI ke pahAr3akA zuklavarNa guNa hai, ityAdi / antarjagat meM jinakA anubhava hotA hai ve sukha-duHkha Adi, jinakI pratikRti bahirjagat meM nahIM hai, unakI bhI ginatI dravyameM honI cAhie / kamase kama ' dravya' zabda isI 1 artha meM liyA jAtA hai / cintana- ceSTA Adi antarjagatkI kriyAoMkA samAveza karmakI zreNI meM hogA / AtmA aura buddhikI ginatI dravyameM kI jAtI hai / inake sivA kucha padArtha athavA viSaya aise haiM jinake bAremeM yaha saMzaya ho sakatA hai ki ve bahirjagatke haiM yA antarjagatke haiM, jaise jAti | saba gaU aura ghor3e bahirjagat meM haiN| gojAti yA azvajAti bahirjagat meM haiM athavA yaha kevala jJAtAkA anumAna mAtra hai, isa praznakA uttara dete samaya yadyapi yaha kahanA par3egA ki ' go' ' azva ' zabda bahirjagat meM haiM, kyoMki ye zabda bahirjagatmeM likhe aura paMr3he jAte haiM, kintu yaha kahanA sahaja nahIM hai ki. gojAti aura azvajAti, vizeSa vizeSa gaU aura ghor3eko chor3akara, pRthakbhAvase, jJAtAke jJAnake sivA, alaga bahirjagat meM haiM / haraeka gaUmeM gojAtike saba lakSaNa aura haraeka azvameM azvajAtike saba lakSaNa vidyamAna haiM, kintu gojAti yA azvajAti vizeSa gaU yA vizeSa azvase alaga bahirjagat meM nahIM dekhI jaatii| isa tarahase vicAra karanepara gotva aura azvatva bahirjagat meM haraeka gaU aura haraeka azvakA guNa hai aura gojAti yA azvajAti antarjagat meM dravyarUpase gaNanIya hai / aise hI deza aura kAla agara jJAnake niyama haiM to unakI bhI ginatI dravyameM honI cAhie / aba yaha bAta kahI jA sakatI hai ki bahirjagat aura antarjagat ke sabhI, viSaya ukta pA~ca prakAroMke antargata haiM /

Page #51
tIsarA adhyaay| antrjgt| jJeyake sambandhameM sAdhAraNataH kaI eka bAteM pahaleke adhyAyameM kahI jA cukI haiM / jJeya padArthake do vibhAga hai, antarjagat aura bahirjagat / unhIM donoM vibhAgoMkI arthAt antarjagat aura bahirjagatakI kucha AlocanA kramazaH isa adhyAya aura Ageke adhyAyameM kI jaaygii| ina donoM vibhAgoMmeMse antarjagatke sAtha hamArA bahuta ghaniSTha sambandha hai / isa lie usIkA varNana pahale kiyA jaaygaa| antarjagat hara eka jJAtAkA bhinna hai| merA jo antarjagat hai vaha anya, jJAtAke lie bahirjagata hai, aura anyakA antarjagat mere lie bahirjagat hai| antarjagatke sambandhakA jJAna antardRSTike dvArA prApya hai| subhIteke lie yahA~ vaha jJAna saMjJAke nAmase abhihita hogaa| __ mere hRdayameM kyA ho rahA hai, isa ora mana lagAne yA dhyAna denese hI use maiM jAna sakatA huuN| jAgrat avasthAkI hara ghar3IkI bAta jAnI jAtI hai| nidrita avasthAkI bhI bahuta sI bAteM usI avasthA meM svapnarUpase jAna sakate haiM ora jagane para bhI yAda rahatI haiN| kintu apanI gaharI suSuptike samaya mujhe usa samayakI apane antarjagatkI kisI bAtakI saMjJA nahIM rahatI, aura jAgane para bhI kucha yAda nahIM rhtaa| bhItara yA bAharake kisI viSayameM ekadama pUrNarUpase manoniveza hone para usa samaya aura kisI viSayakI saMjJA nahIM rhtii| yaha saMjJAkA eka sAdhAraNa niyama hai|

Page #52
28 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga ___yaha niyama hamAre lie paramahitakArI hai| isa niyamake honese hI antajagatke, aura apane jJAnakI sImAke antargata bahirjagatke, viSaya dvArA, pratighAtako prApta hone para bhI hama vicalita nahIM hote, aura vAnchita viSayameM mana lagA sakate haiN| isa niyamake honese hI hama vartamAna kSaNika sukhaduHkhako tuccha karake sthAyI duHkhako miTAnekI aura sthAyI sukha pAnekI ceSTA kara sakate haiN| isI niyamake prabhAvase jJAnI loga zramase honevAle kleza. kA anubhava na karake durUha zAstrakI AlocanAmeM samaya bitA sakate haiM / isI niyamake prabhAvase karma karanevAle loga sukhake pralobhana para dRSTi bhI na DAlakara kaThora kartavya pAlanemeM samartha hote haiN| isI niyamake prabhAvase yoga arthAt cittakI vRttiyoMko rokanA sAdhya hai, aura yogI loga viSayavAsanA tyAga kara tattvajJAnalAbhake lie dRDhavrata ho sakate haiM / kintu eka viSayameM manonivezakA niyama jaise zubhakara hai, vaise hI isa niyamameM abhyasta honA parizramasAdhya hai| ataeva jitanI jaldI ekAgratAke sAtha manonivezakA abhyAsa AraMbha kiyA jAya utanA hI acchA hai| isa jagaha para yaha bhI kahanA Avazyaka hai ki yadyapi eka viSayameM niviSTacitta rahanese anya kisI viSayakI saMjJA nahIM hotI, to bhI AtmA viSayAntarake jina pratighAtoMko pAtA hai ve ekadama niSphala nahIM jAte, aura isakA pramANa pAyA jAtA hai ki zarIrake yA manake avasthA vizeSameM vaha pahalepahala aparijJAta viSaya saMjJAkI sImAke bAhara parijJAta huA thaa| jaise, anyamanaska rahane ke kAraNa yadyapi kisI samaya kisI viSayake dikhAI dene yA suna par3ane para bhI use dekhane yA sunanekI saMjJA mujhe nahIM huI, tathApi zarIrakI utkaTa pIDAkI avasthAmeM, yA manakI utkaTa cintAkI avasthAmeM yaha jAna par3atA hai ki maiMne vaha viSaya dekhA yA sunA thA / aisA vizvasta vRttAnta aneka logoMne sunA hai| isake dvArA yaha pramANita hotA hai ki jJAtAkI saMjJAkI sImAke bAhara bhI jJAnakI paridhi phailI hai| antarjagatke viSayoM meM pahale hI AtmajJAna aura usake sAtha AtmA anAtmAke bhedakA jJAna utpanna hotA hai| yadyapi ThIka nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki bacceke manameM kyA hotA hai, to bhI jahA~taka hama samajha sakate haiM usase

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tIsarA adhyAya ] antarjagat / jAna par3atA hai ki prathama saMjJAke sAtha hI sAtha AtmajJAna utpanna hotA hai, aura AtmajJAnako saMjJAkA dUsarA nAma bhI agara kaheM to kaha sakate haiN| pIche kramazaH antaHkaraNakI judI judI zaktiyoM yA kriyAoM aura bAharakI bhinna bhinna vastuoM aura viSayoMke saMbaMdhameM jJAna utpanna hotA hai / bahijagat aura antarjagatke paraspara ghAta-pratighAtase jJAnakA vistAra bar3hatA jAtA hai / vaha ghAta-pratighAta samajhaneke lie isa antarjagat-zIrSaka adhyAyameM hI bahirjagatkI do-eka bAtoMkI avatAraNA karanekI AvazyakatA hai| ___ isa jagaha pahale hI yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki jina zAktayoM yA kriyAoMkA nAma liyA gayA hai ve kisakI zakti yA kriyA haiM ? jar3avAdI loga kahate haiM ki antarjagatkI kriyAe~ dehakI arthAt sajIva dehakI kriyA haiM / kintu caitanyavAdI loga ekamata nahIM haiN| unameMse koI kahate haiM ki ve manakI yA ahaMkArakI kriyA haiM, aura koI kahate haiM ki ve AtmAkI kriyA haiM / jar3avAdake viruddha jo saba ApattiyA~ haiM unakA ullekha 'jJAtA' zIrSaka adhyAyameM ho cukA hai| prathamokta zreNIke caitanyavAdiyoMke matameM AtmA nirvikAra aura niSkriya hai, aura antarjagatkI jo kucha kriyAe~ haiM ve manakI yA ahaMkArakI haiM / AtmA dehabandhanamukta aura pUrNa jJAnako prApta hone para kisa bhAvako dhAraNa karegA, so ThIka kahA nahIM jA sakatA / kintu dehayukta aura apUrNajJAnaviziSTa AtmAke sAtha mana yA ahaMkArake alagAvakA koI pramANa, antarjagatke ekamAtra sAkSI AtmAse pUchane para, prApta nahIM hotA / ataeva antarjagatkI kriyA Adi AtmAkI kriyA hI mAnI jAya~gI / ' bahirjagatke saMsargameM antarjagatkI jo saba kriyAe~ hotI haiM unake pahale hI indriyasphuraNa hotA hai / indriyA~ dvividha haiN| cakSu, karNa, nAsikA, jihvA, tvak ye pA~ca jJAnedriya haiM, aura hAtha-paira Adi pA~ca karmendriya haiN| ina donoM prakArakI indriyoMke kArya saba zarIrameM vyApta snAyujAla aura mastakake abhyaMtara bhAgameM sthita mastiSkake dvArA saMpanna hote haiN| usa snAyujAlakI aura mastiSkakI gaThana ora kriyAkA vivaraNa vistArake sAtha likhanA isa granthakA uddezya nahIM hai| use jAnanekI jina pAThakoMko icchA * sAMkhyadarzana a0 2, sUtra 29 aura vaizeSika darzanakA 3 adhyAya dekho|

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30 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga ho, ve zarIratattvakI aura zarIratattvamUlaka manovijJAnakI pustakeM / par3ha sakate haiM / isa jagaha para kevala jJAnedriyoMke saMbaMdhameM saMkSepase do-cAra bAteM kahI jAyeMgI / dekhanA, sunanA, sUMghanA, cakhanA aura chUnA ye kramase cakSu, karNa, nAsikA, jihvA aura tvak ina pA~coM jJAnandriyoMkI kriyA yA sphuraNa haiN| inakA Arambha dehameM aura samApti AtmAmeM hotI hai| ye dehakI kriyAe~ kisa taraha AtmAkI kriyA ( bAhyavastujJAna ) ke rUpameM pariNata hotI haiM, yaha abhI ajJAta hai / parantu vastu-jJAnake pahale haraeka indriyakI zArIrika kriyA kaisI hotI hai, isakA AviSkAra zarIratattvake jJAtA paNDitoMke dvArA bahuta kucha ho cukA hai| isakA pUrA byaurA bahuta bar3A hai / yahA~ usakI kevala kucha moTI moTI bAteM saMkSepameM kahI jaayeNgii| cakSukI kriyA kaisI hai|-kisii vastupara prakAza par3A, vaha prakAza binA bAdhAke agara A~khoM taka pahu~cA to A~khake bhItara jo sUkSma nasoMkA jAlA hai usapara dekhI huI vastukI pratikRti aMkita hotI hai / sAdhAraNataH A~khakI banAvaTa aisI acchI hotI hai ki vaha pratikRti dekhI huI cIjake AkArakI -ThIka tasabIra hotI hai| bur3hApemeM yA kisI cakSurogake kAraNa A~khadoSa paidAhonepara vaha pratikRti ThIka nahIM hotI / dekhI huI vastuke AkArakA jJAna vizuddha honA yA na honA pratikRtike avikala honekI kamIvezIke Upara nirbhara hai| vaha pratikRti sUkSma snAyujAlake Upara aMkita hotI hai aura usameM spandana paidA karatI hai / vaha spandana mAstiSkameM pahu~cAyA jAtA hai, usake bAda darzana-jJAna utpanna hotA hai| kAnakA kAma sthUlarUpase isa taraha hotA hai ki zabdake dvArA zabdavAhI vAyukA jo spandana hotA hai, vaha kAnake chedameM pahu~cakara vahA~ke paTahacarma para AghAta karatA hai| usa AghAtase usameM spandana hotA hai| vaha spandana kAnake bhItarI bhAgameM sthita sUkSma kesara-puMjako spandita karatA hai / vaha spandana snAyudvArA mastiSkameM pahu~catA hai, aura usase zabdakA jJAna paidA hotA hai| nAka, jabAna aura tvacAke sUkSma sUkSma snAyuoMke sAtha bAhyavastuke gaMdhareNu, svAdarasa aura AkAra, uttApa milita hokara unameM spandana paidA karate + Forster's physiolog dekho| dd's physiological psychology

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tIsarA adhyAya ] antarjagat / haiN| vaha snAyuoMkA spandana mastiSkameM pahuMcakara sUMghane, cakhane aura chUneke jJAnako utpanna karatA hai / A~kha, kAna Adi indriyoMke sphuraNa dvArA bahirjaga tkA pratyakSa jJAna paidA hotA hai aura sAtha hI sAtha isa bAtakI saMjJA prApta hotI hai ki jJAtAmeM vaha jJAna utpanna ho rahA hai| inake sivA antarjagatkI aura bhI kucha vicitra kriyAyeM haiN| jo eka bAra pratyakSa ho cukA hai vaha bAdako pratyakSa na ho to bhI vaha phira jJAnakI paridhike bhItara lAyA jA sakatA hai| jaise, eka samaya vizvanAthakA maMdira maiMne dekhA hai, yA vedamaMtra par3hA hai| anyasamaya use na dekhakara yA na sunakara bhI maiM usa maMdirake rUpakA varNana kara sakatA hU~ yA usa maMtrakA zabdavinyAsa sunA sakatA huuN| isa kriyAkA nAma hai smaraNa karanA, aura jisa zaktike dvArA yaha saMpanna hotA hai, use smRti kahate haiN| jo pratyakSa ho cukA hai, use jisarUpase pratyakSa kiyA hai ThIka usI rUpase smaraNa na karake, kalpita parivartita rUpase bhI maiM jJAnakI paridhike bhItaralAsakatA huuN| jaise, ghor3A yA hAthI dekhA hai, aura ghor3ekI tarahake paira Adi aMgavAle aura hAthIkI taraha mastakavAle pazukA rUpa bhI maiM apane manake sAmane upasthita kara sakatA huN| isI kriyAko kalpanA karanA, aura use sampanna karanekI zaktiko kalpanA kahate haiN| jo pratyakSa yA kalpita huA hai, usakA jAtivibhAga aura usa jAtikA nAma rakhakara usase maiM navIna tattvako jJAnakI paridhike bhItara lA sakatA huuN| jaise kisI jagaha taraha tarahake jantuoMko dekhakara, unameMse kuchako gojAti, kuchako azvajAti, kuchako meSajAti ThIka karake, unake gaU, ghor3A, meSa Adi nAma rakha sakate haiN| kisI jagahapara dhuA~ dekhakara hama yaha nizcaya kara sakate haiM ki vahA~para Aga hai| do sarala rekhAoMmeMse haraeka rekhA dUsarI rekhAke sAtha samAntara hai, yaha kalpanAkarake hama isa siddhAntapara pahu~ca sakate haiM ki ve paraspara samAntara haiN| ina saba kriyAoMkA nAma anumAna hai| jisa zaktike dvArA ye kriyAyeM saMpanna hotI haiM use buddhi kahate haiM / __ Upara kahI gaI kriyAoMke sivA antarjagatkI aura eka zreNIkI kriyA hai, jaise-sukha, duHkha, prIti, hiMsA, bhakti, ghRNA, anurAga, vidveSa AdikA anubhava krnaa|

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jJAna aura krm| [tIsarA adhyAyaH inake sivA antarjagatkI aura eka tarahakI kriyA hai / jaise, icchA aurai prayatna arthAt karma karanekI ceSTA / ina saba kriyAoM yA zaktiyoMkI acchI taraha pUrNa rUpase AlocanA karanake lie bahutasA sthAna aura samaya caahie| yaha viSaya bhI isa kSudra granthakA uddezya nahIM hai / to bhI haraeka kriyAke sambandhameM saMkSepameM kucha kahA jaaygaa| ___ yahA~para eka viSayakA ullekha karanA Avazyaka hai / smaraNakalpanA Adi kArya manakI yA AtmAkI bhinna bhinna zaktiyoMke dvArA saMpanna hote haiM, yaha bAta kahanemeM aneka loga Apatti karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki mana yA AtmA eka padArtha hai; usake bhinnabhinna zaktiyoMke rahanekA koI pramANa nahIM hai| jaise dehake bhinnabhinna bhAgoMmeM bhinnabhinna indriya Adi aMgapatyaMga haiM, vaise hI mana yA AtmAke bhinnabhinna bhAgoM meM bhinnabhinna zaktiyA~ haiM, aisA samajhanAavazya hI bhrAntimUlaka hai| kAraNa, manake yA AtmAke bhinnabhinna nAma honekA anumAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / kintu isameM sandeha nahIM ki smaraNa, kalpanA Adi bhinnabhinna kArya usake haiM, aura una kAryoMke karanekI zakti bhI niHsandeha mana yA AtmAke hai / ataeva manakI yA AtmAkI smaraNa-kalpanA Adi bhinnabhinna kArya karanekI zakti agara bhinnabhinna nAmoMse pukArI jAya aura bhinnabhinna bhAvase vivecita ho, to usameM koI saMgata bAdhA nahIM dekhI jaatii| kintu yaha bAta yAda rakhanA ucita hai ki AtmAke koI kArya karanekI zakti hai, yaha kaha denese hI usa kAryake tattvakI saMpUrNa khoja yA kAraNakA nirdeza nahIM hotaa| smRtike saMbandhameM pradhAnarUpase ina kaI bAtoMkI vivecanA karanI hai / 1smRtike viSaya kyA kyA haiM, 2-smRtikA kArya kisataraha saMpanna hotA hai, 3-smRtikA kArya kina kina niyamoMke adhIna hai ? 4-smRtikA hrAsa yA vRddhi kyoM aura kaise hotI hai ? 1-smRtike viSaya / jo dekhA yA sunA hai vaha smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| dekhe hue viSayakA smaraNa honese vaha mana hI mana citrita kiyA jAtA hai. aura smaraNa karanevAlA agara citravidyA meM nipuNa hotA hai to vaha usa viSayako aMkita karake orako dikhA sakatA hai| vaise hI sune hue viSayakA smaraNa honase usakI dhvanikI AvRtti kI jAtI hai, aura smaraNa karanevAlA agara

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tIsarA adhyAya ] antrjgt| dhvanikI AvRti karaneke kAmameM nipuNa hotA hai to vaha sune hue viSayakI AvRti karake anyako sunA sakatA hai| pahale kabhI anubhava kiye gaye ghrANa (kisI gaMdhako sUMghane ), AsvAdana (kisI rasakA svAda lene ) yA sparza ( kisI vastuko chUne ) kA smaraNa vaise hI nahIM kiyA jaataa| inakA smaraNa basa yahIM taka kiyA jAtA hai ki vaha sUMghanA yA chranA amuka padArthake sUMghane yA chUnekI taraha thA / kevala yahI kahA jA sakatA hai| usI tarahake sUMghane, cakhane yA chUnekA phira anubhava hone para yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha pahaleke sUMghane, cakhane yA chUneke samAna hai| 2-smRtikA kArya kaise hotA hai ?-smRtikA kArya ati vicitra hai, vaha kaise saMpanna hotA hai-yaha kahanA sahaja nahIM / pUrNa jJAnake lie bhUta, bhaviSya, vartamAna, ye tInoM kAla eka haiM, aura sabhI jJAnoMke viSaya eka samayameM usI jJAnakI ananta paridhike bhItara vidyamAna hote haiN| kintu apUrNa jJAnake lie jJAta viSayakA kevala thor3A aMza hI eka samayameM jJAnakI sImAke bhItara prakaTa rahatA hai, aura usa jJAnakA adhikAMza usa sImAke bAhara aprakaTa rUpase avasthita rahatA hai, aura vaha smRtike dvArA kabhI ceSTA karanese aura kabhI binA ceSTAke hI usa jJAnakI sImAke bhItara AtA hai| yahA~taka antardRSTike dvArA anAyAsa hI jAnA jAtA hai| kintu yAda kiye jAneke pahale ve saba jJAta viSaya kahA~, kisa taraha, rahate haiM, aura kisa taraha smRtigocara hote haiM, yaha kahanA sahaja nahIM hai| koI kahate haiM, kisI viSayakA pratyakSa jJAna utpanna honeke samaya indriyasphuraNa mastiSkameM pahuMcatA hai aura usase vahA~ spandana aura kuMcana hotA hai| jaba vaha spandana thama jAtA hai taba jJAta viSaya jJAnakI sImAke bAhara par3a jAtA hai, kintu mastiSkakA kuMcana vaisA hI raha jAtA hai / bAdako jJAtAkI icchAke anusAra yA anya kAraNase apane nikaTavartI yA saMsRSTa kisI bhAgakI gativizeSake dvArA vaha kuMcita bhAga phira spaMdita hotA hai aura taba vaha jJAta viSaya phira smaraNa ho AtA hai| yaha bAta saca ho sakatI hai| hama logaM vismRta viSayako smaraNa karaneke lie usake AnuSaMgika viSayoMkI ora dhyAna diyA karate haiN| hamArI yaha prakriyA ukta siddhAntakI sacAIko bahuta kucha pramANita karatI hai| kintu bAta saca hone para bhI, usake dvArA smRtikriyAkA jJAna0-3

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jJAna aura karma / [prathama bhAga 34 pUrA marma nahIM vidita hotaa| vismRta viSaya yAda Ane para yaha bAta kauna hameM batA detA hai ki vaha viSaya nayA nahIM, pUrvaparicita hai ? yaha jJAna kaise utpanna hotA hai ? jar3avAdI loga isa praznakA koI yuktisiddha uttara nahIM de sakate, aura caitanyavAdI loga kevala itanA hI kaha sakate haiM ki pUrvAparake isa sAdRzya yA ekatAkA paricaya pAnA AtmAkA svabhAvasiddha kArya hai| pratyakSa jJAna pAneke lie dehakI, arthAt indriya AdikI, sahAyatA jaise Avazyaka hai, vaise hI pUrvapratyakSaprApta jJAnako smRti pathameM lAneke lie dehakI, arthAt mastiSkakI yA kisI anya bhAgakI, sahAyatA Avazyaka hai yA nahIM, isa viSayakA anuzIlana atIva Avazyaka hai, lekina vaha hai bhI atyanta kaThina / indriyoMke kAyAkI parIkSA karanA jitanA sahaja hai, usakI apekSA mastiSkake kAryoMkI parIkSA karanA adhika durUha hai| 3-smRtike kArya kina kina niyamoMke adhIna haiM ?-yadyapi smRtike kAma kaise hote haiM, yaha ThIka kahanA atyanta kaThina hai, kintu ve kArya kina kina niyamoMke adhIna hote haiM, isakA anuzIlana usakI apekSA sahaja hai| kisI viSayako smaraNa rakhane aura kisI bhUle hue viSayako yAda karaneke lie hama Apa kyA karate haiM, aura anya loga kyA karate haiM, isa para dhyAna dekara hama isa bAremeM jisa siddhAnta para pahuMcate haiM, vaha saMkSepameM yaha hai ki pahale to, hama jitanA hI adhika samaya taka yA adhika bAra mana lagAkara kisI viSayakI AlocanA karate haiM, utanA hI vaha viSaya adhika dinoMtaka hameM smaraNa rahatA hai, aura bhUla jAnepara utanI hI jaldI sahajameM smaraNa ho AtA hai| smaraNa karanekA viSaya koI vAkya huA to use aneka vAra raTanekA phala yaha hotA hai ki bAdako kucha aMza par3hane para avaziSTa aMzakI AvRtti anAyAsa ApahIse ho jAtI hai| dUsare, smaraNa rakhaneke viSayake sAtha sAtha usake saba AnuSaMgika viSayoMke prati, aura ve mUlaviSayake sAtha jisa jisa sambandhameM baMdhe haiM unake prati, vizeSa dhyAna denese, AnuSaMgika viSayoMmeMse koI bhI eka yAda AjAnese sAtha hI sAtha mUla viSaya bhI smaraNa ho AtA hai|

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tIsarA adhyAya ] antarjagat / / tIsare, koI vismRta viSaya smaraNa karanA ho to usake jo jo AnuSaMgika viSaya yAda hoM, unakI AlocanA karate karate mUla viSaya smaraNa ho AtA hai / jaise, kisI pUrvaparicita vyaktikA nAma bhUla jAne para, usa nAmake sAtha jisa jisa nAmakA sAdRzya samajha par3e usa usa nAmakA khayAla karate karate bhUlA huA nAma- smaraNa ho AtA hai / 4-smRtikA hAsa aura vRddhi kaisI hotI hai ?-jaise kisI viSaya para adhika samaya taka yA aneka vAra mana lagAnese vaha bahuta dina taka yAda rahatA hai aura bhUla jAne para bhI sahajameM hI smaraNa ho AtA hai, vaise hI kisI viSayake Upara bahuta dina taka dhyAna na denase usakI smRti ghaTatI hai, aura bIca bIcameM usa ora manonivezase usakI smRti bar3hatI hai| - isake sivA smRtike ghaTane-bar3haneke aura bhI kAraNa haiN| aneka sthaloM para zarIrakI avasthAke Upara smRtikA ghaTanA-bar3hanA nirbhara hotA hai| utkaTa pIDAko avasthAmeM kisI kisI viSayakI pUrvasmRti ekadama lupta ho jAtI hai, aura kabhI kabhI bahuta dinoMkI bhUlI huI bAta atyanta spaSTa rUpase smaraNa ho AtI hai / sAdhAraNataH bur3hApemeM smRtizakti ghaTatI dekhI jAtI hai| jar3avAdI loga apane matakA samarthana karaneke lie pIche kahe hue kAraNa para vizeSa nirbhara karate haiN| bAta bhI socaneke lAyaka jarUra hai / AtmA agara dehase alaga hai to dehakI ghaTatIke sAtha hI AtmAkI smRtizaktikA hAsa kyoM hotA hai ? isake uttarameM itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki AtmA dehase alaga avazya hai, lekina jaba taka dehayukta hai tabataka vaha dehakI avasthAoMmeM jar3ita hai, ataeva apane kAmameM dehase sahAyatA yA bAdhA pAtA hai| smRtikI sahAyatAke lie taraha tarahake kauzala nikAle gaye haiN| jaise, saMkSepameM sUtroMkI racanA aura unake dvArA zAstra siikhnaa| ye viSaya bahuta vistRta haiM, aura isI kAraNa yahA~ inakI AlocanAke lie sthAna nahIM hai| pratyakSake dvArA bahirjagatkA jJAna prApta hotA hai / smRti jo hai vaha pUrvalabdha jJAna phira lA detI hai / kalpanA jo hai vaha pUrvalabdha jJAnako icchAnusAra rUpAntarita karake jJAtAMke sAmane upasthita karatI hai| vaha rUpAntara aneka prakArakA hotA hai, aneka prayojanoM aura uddezoMse usakI kalpanA hotI hai| kabhI Anandake udbhava aura nItizikSAke lie kalpanA jo hai vaha pUrva pari

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jJAna aura karma / [prathama bhAga jJAta viSayako tor3a kara gar3ha kara sundarako adhikatara suMdara, bhayAnakako adhikatara bhayAnaka, karuNako adhikatara karuNa banAkara dikhAtI hai, jaisA ki kAvyake granthoMmeM dekhA jAtA hai| kabhI kalpanA jo hai vaha jJAnalAbhakI suvidhAke lie Alocya viSayake jaTila bhAgako tor3a phor3a kara sarala karatI huI kSudrako bRhat aura bRhatko kSudra banAtI huI, yA aparicilako tatsamabhAvApanna paricitakI pozAkameM sajAkara sAmane upasthita karatI hai, jaisA ki vijJAnadarzana Adike granthoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai| aura kabhI, gaharI gaveSaNAmeM jahA~ buddhi kisI dhruva avalambanako nahIM pAtI, vahA~ kalpanA asthAyI avalambana Aropita karake tattvakI khojake kAmako sukara banA detI hai, jaise vijJAnazAstra meM vyoma (Ithara) kI kalpanA hai / kalpanA kevala kavikI hI AnandamayI sahacarI nahIM hai| kalpanA dArzanika aura vaijJAnikako bhI rAha dikhAnevAlI sAthina hai| kalpanAke sambandhameM do bAteM vizeSa vivecanAke yogya haiN| kalpanAke viSaya, aura 2-kalpanAke niyama / 1--kalpanAke viSaya / pUrvaparijJAta viSayoMko lekara hI kalpanAkA kArya hotA hai| jAne hue viSayako tor3a-phor3akara usIke saMyoga-viyogadvArA hama kalpita viSayakI sRSTi karate haiN| koI koI kahate haiM ki kalpanAke kArya do tarahake haiN| kabhI jAne hue viSayako tor3a-phor3akara gar3hanA, jaise kavikI kalpanAkA kArya / aura kabhI naye viSayakI sRSTi karanA, jaise navIna tattvakA AviSkAra yA naI tarahake yantra AdikA nirmANa / kintu kucha socakara dekhanehIse samajhameM A jAtA hai ki navInakI navInatA niravacchinna yA sampUrNa navInatA nahIM hai-vaha purAtanake saMyoga-viyogase hI racI gaI hai| 2-kalpanAke niyama / vartamAna aura nikaTavartIke sAtha kalpanAkA sambandha bahuta thor3A hai; bhUta, bhaviSya aura dUrasthitake sAtha hI usakA adhika sambandha hai| yahI kalpanAkA sthUla niyama hai| jo loga vartamAna aura nikaTastha vyApArameM vyasta rahate haiM unake manameM kalpanA adhika sthAna nahIM pAtI, kAvya Adi kalpanAse utpanna padArtha bhI unheM adhika prItiprada nahIM hote / vaise hI jinake cittameM kalpanA prabala hai, ve kevala vartamAna aura nikaTastha viSayako hI lekara tanmaya nahIM raha sakate-unakA mana bhUta, bhaviSya aura dUrastha viSayoMkI ora daur3atA rahatA hai / kalpanA jaba atyanta

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sarA adhyAya] antrjgt| 37 wwwmarrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr dhika zAnta ho jAtI hai taba mana saMkIrNa ho jAtA hai| manuSya atyanta vArthapara aura adUradarzI ho jAtA hai| aura kalpanA agara adhika prazraya pAtI * to manuSya yathArtha jagatko bhUlakara kalpita jagatmeM rahanA cAhatA hai, aura usakA satyake prati saccA anurAga kama ho jAtA hai| isa lie kisI bhI raphakI adhikatA zubha nahIM hai| hama pratyakSake dvArA bahirjagatake viSayoMko jAna sakate haiN| smRti jo hai ha saba pUrvaparijJAta viSayoMko jJAnakI paridhike bhItara le AtI hai| kalpanA se aneka rUpoMmeM parivartita karake naye naye viSayoMkI sRSTi karatI hai| aura ddhi bhI pUrvaparijJAta viSayase nAnA prakArake navIna tattva nikAlatI hai| lekina kalpanAke kArya aura buddhike kAryameM bheda yahI hai ki kalpanAprasUta |ba viSaya yathArtha nahIM bhI ho sakate haiM, kintu buddhike dvArA nirUpita saba vaSayoM yA tattvoMke yathArtha honekI AvazyakatA hai| pradhAnataH buddhike kArya tarahake haiM-1, jJAta viSayako zreNIbaddha karanA aura 2, jJAta viSayase jJAta viSayakA nirUpaNa) hamAre jAne hue viSayoMkI saMkhyA itanI adhika hai aura ve itane prakArake rthAit vividha haiM ki kucha dinake bAda unheM zreNIbaddha na kara sakanese jJAna bha aura pUrvalabdha jJAnake phalakI prApti uttarottara asAdhya ho uThatI hai| se, kisI dravya-bhANDArameM bahutasI taraha tarahakI cIjeM bharI hoM to unheM zRiMkhalita rUpameM rakkhe binA usameM naI cIja rakhanekA sthAna kramazaH kama se jAtA hai, aura prayojanake anusAra koI cIja usameMse khoja nikAlanA Thina ho jAtA hai, vaise vahI hAla hamAre jJAna-bhANDArakA hotA hai| buddhi hamAre jAne hue saba viSayoMko zreNIbaddha karake sajA rakhatI hai, aura ha zreNIbaddha karanA buddhike prathama vikAsase hI kramazaH AraMbha hotA hai| baccA ka vastu dekhakara bAdako agara vaisI hI vastu dekhatA hai to use prathamokta stuke nAmase pukAratA hai| vaha dravya, guNa, karma, ina trividha padArthoMkA NIvibhAga karatA hai, aura bAdako sambandhakA zreNIvibhAga karanA sIkhatA / kAraNa, prathamokta trividha padArtha sahajameM jJeya haiM, aura sambandha usakI peikSA dujJeya padArtha hai| hama pahale manuSya, pazu, vRkSa, phala Adi dravyoMkApheda, lAla, kAle, pIle Adi vau~ arthAt guNoMkA-jAnA, khAnA, pInA,

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38 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga sonA Adi karmoMkA-zreNIvibhAga karate haiN| bAdako ' sUryakA udaya prakAzakA kAraNa hai, ' ' agni uttApakA kAraNa hai,' ityAdi kArya-kAraNa sambandhakA, aura 'dinake bAda rAta hotI hai, ''Ajake bAda kala hotA hai,' ityAdi pUrvApara sambandhakA, 'vRkSa vRkSa samAna haiM, ''vRkSa aura pazu asamAna haiM, ' ityAdi sAmya-vaiSamya saMbaMdhakA zreNIvibhAga karanA sIkhate haiN| aura, padArthakI zreNI yA jAtivibhAgake sAtha sAtha haraeka zreNI yA jAtiko usake jAtIya nAmase pukArate haiN| vastuoMkI jAti yA zreNIkA vibhAga unakI parasparakI samatA yA viSamatAke Upara nirbhara hai| saba gaU aneka viSayameM samAna haiM, isa lie ve saba gojAti haiM, aura jo jo guNa yA lakSaNa gaUmAtrameM samAna haiM unakI samapTiko gotva kahA jAtA hai| usI taraha azvajAti, meSajAti ityAdikA nirUpaNa hotA hai| aura, gaja, ghor3A, meSa Adi paraspara kaI viSayameM samAna haiM, isI lie una sabhIko pazujAti kahate haiM, aura jo jo lakSaNa una sabameM haiM unakI samaSTiko pazutva kahate haiN| vaise hI pazu, pakSI, kITa, pataMga Adi saba jIva kaI viSayoMmeM paraspara samAna haiM, isa lie ve jantu jAti haiM, ityAdi / isI prakAra jitanA hI eka jAtise usakI apekSA adhika bar3I jAtimeM jAyA jAtA hai, utanA hI eka ora jaise jAtike antargata vastukI saMkhyA bar3hatI rahatI hai, vaise hI dUsarI ora jAtike sAmAnya guNoMkI saMkhyA ghaTatI jAtI hai| pahale hI (jJeya padArthake prakArabhedakI AlocanAmeM) kahA jA cukA hai ki bahirjagatmeM pRthak pRthak vastue~ haiM, aura haraekakA khAsa guNa hai, unameM samatA aura viSamatA bhI hai| isake sivA vastuse pRthak jAti bahirjagatmeM nahIM hai, vaha kevala antarjagatkA viSaya hai / jAtIya guNa vastumeM pratyakSa kiye jAte haiM, kiMtu koI jAti yA jAtitva usa jAtikI vizeSa vastuse alaga indriyadvArA pratyakSa nahIM hotA; vaha kevala buddhike dvArA aMkita yA anumita ho sakatA hai| koI koI loga yaha bhI kahate haiM ki buddhi bhI mUrtike dvArA jAtiko nahIM aMkita kara sakatI, kevala nAmake dvArA jAti-nirdeza kara sakatI hai| jaise, hama jaba gojAtiko dhyAnameM lAte haiM taba jo mUrti manameM AtI hai vaha gojA

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tIsarA adhyAya ] antarjagat / tikI nahIM, kintu kisI khAsa gaUkI hotI hai| lekina hA~, usa samaya hama usakI vizeSatA, arthAt usake khAsa raMga yA, usakI khAsa laMbAI-caur3AI para lakSya na rakhakara gonAmakI jAtike lakSaNoMkI samaSTipara lakSya rakhate haiN| pIche kahI gaI bAta ThIka jarUra hai, lekina yaha bAta kahanehImeM prakArAntarase yaha kahA gayA ki jAtike lakSaNoMkI samaSTiko ekatra karake, anya lakSaNoMpara dRSTi na rakhakara, buddhi soca sakatI hai| isI kAraNa jAti arthAt jAtIyalakSaNasamaSTi kevala nAma nahIM hai, vaha bodhagamya antarjagatkA viSaya hai| aura, yadyapi usa sAdhAraNa guNasamaSTiko mUrtike dvArA spaSTa aMkita karanemeM, usa mUrtimeM saba vizeSa guNa Apa A jAte haiM, lekina kisI vizeSa guNapara lakSya na rakhakara usa sAdhAraNa guNasamaSTiko aspaSTa citrakI taraha socA jA sakatA hai, aura socA jAtA hai / antardRSTike dvArA bhI yahI bAta pramANita hotI hai| jAti vastu kyA kevala nAmamAtra hai ?-yaha prazna lekara dArzanika vidvAnoM meM bahuta kucha vAdAnuvAda huA hai (r) / jAti kevala nAma nahIM hai, yaha dikhAyA jA cukA hai| udhara pakSAntarameM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jAti bahirjagatkI vastu nahIM hai / jAti antarjagatkA viSaya aura bodhagamya vastu hai, aura kisI bahirjagatkI vastukI jAtIya guNasamaSTi, usa jAtikI haraeka vastumeM, anyAnya guNoMke sAtha, bahirjagatmeM, vidyamAna rahatI hai| ___ yadyapi jAti kevala mAtra nAma nahIM hai, to bhI jAti viSayakI AlocanAmeM nAma eka atyanta prayojanIya vastu hai / sAdhAraNataH nAma yA zabda yA bhASA, kyA jAtike aura kyA vastuke, sabhI viSayoMke cintana ( socane ) meM vizeSa sahAyatA karate haiN| koI koI loga itanI dUrataka jAte haiM ki unake matameM bhASA cintanakA ananya upAya hai; bhASAke binA cintana ho hI nahIM sktaa+| lekina yaha bAta ThIka nahIM / yadyapi bhASA cintanakAryameM acchI taraha sahAyatA karatI hai, aura bhASA na hotI to cintanakArya adhika dUra taka agrasara nahIM ho sakatA, tathApi yaha bAta nahIM kahI jA sakatI ki binA * Lewes's History of Philosophy, Vol. II, 24-32 aura Ueberweg's History of Philosophy, Vol. I, 360-94, dekho / + Max Muller's Science of Thought, Chapters VI aura X dekho

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40 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga bhASAke socanekA kAma cala hI nahIM sakatA / antardRSTike dvArA hama jAna sakate haiM ki jaba hama kisI viSayako socate haiM, taba kabhI to vastuke spaSTa yA aspaSTa rUpako aura kabhI usake nAma yA aura kisI cihnako manameM rakhakara socate haiN| lekina hA~, agara socanekA viSaya yA vastu sUkSma athavA dujJeya huI, aura usakA nAma jAnA huA, to rUpakI apekSA nAmahIkI adhika sahAyatA lI jAtI hai| isake sivA jo loga gUMge, bahare haiM, jinhoMne likhita bhASA nahIM sIkhI athavA oSThasaJcAlana dekhakara zabdakA nirUpaNa karanA bhI nahIM sIkhA, ve soca nahIM sakate yaha bAta bhI nahIM kahI jA sktii| balki unake kArya dekhakara samajha par3atA hai ki ve socaneke kAmameM akSama nahIM haiN| jaise aMka likhanese gaNanAkA kAma sahaja hotA hai, lekina yaha nahIM kahA jI sakatA hai, ki aMka khIMce binA gaNanA ho hI nahIM sakatI vaise hI bhASAke dvArA socanekA kAma avazya ho jAtA hai / magara yaha bAta kabhI nahIM kahI jA sakatI ki bhASA na hotI to socanekA kAma bhI na calatA * / ___ yadyapi bhASA cintanakA ananya arthAt ekamAtra upAya nahIM hai, kintu cintanake sAtha bhASAkA sambandha atyanta ghaniSTa hai / jahA~taka samajhameM AtA hai, usase jAna par3atA hai ki cintanase hI bhASAkI sRSTi huI hai / cintAkA pariNAma nizcala hai, kintu prAraMbha caMcala hai| gaharI cintA gaMbhIra sAgarakI taraha sthira hai, kintu halakI cintA kinAreke pAsake sAgarake samAna asthira huA karatI hai| manuSyake manameM jaba pahale cintAkA udaya hotA hai, taba sAtha hI sAtha mukha taraha tarahakA banatA hai, aura dehake anyAnya bhAgoMmeM caMcalatA upasthita hotI hai, aura usake dvArA zabdakI utpatti hotI hai| phira vaha cintAkA viSaya dUsarako jatAneke lie vyagratA paidA hotI hai aura usake dvArA vaha aMgabhaMgI aura usase utpanna zabda parivarddhita hotA hai / saMbhava hai ki isI taraha pahale asphuTa bhASAkI aura pIche parisphuTa bhASAkI sRSTi huI ho| bhASA-sRSTike saMbaMdhameM Upara jo kahA gayA vaha kevala AnumAnika AbhAsa mAtra hai| bhASAtattvake jAnakAra aura darzana-vijJAna-zAstrake jJAtA paNDitoMne * Darwin's Descent of Man, 2nd ed., p. 8 kelI

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tIsarA adhyAya ] antrjgt| 41 wwwwwwwwwww isI tarahakA AbhAsa diyA hai / kisI kisIne do-eka bhASAoMkI Adima avasthAke udAharaNa dikhA kara ukta matakA samarthana karanekI ceSTA kI hai| bhASAkI sRSTi kisa taraha huI, yaha jAnanekI icchA sabhIke hotI hai, aura yaha jAnaneke lie buddhimAn vidvAnoMne bahuta kucha prayAsa kiyA hai, taraha tarahake anumAna aura kalpanAe~ kI haiN| una saba anumAnoMmeM ullikhita anumAna bahuta kucha saMgatasA jAna par3atA hai| kintu yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki bhASAsRSTikA nigUDha tattva acchI taraha jAna liyA gayA hai / yaha viSaya atyanta durUha hai| isake tattvakA anusandhAna karanA ho to do-eka Adima asabhya jAtiyoMkI bhASA (jisakI zabdasaMkhyA thor3I aura gaThana sarala hogI) ke sAtha do-eka sabhya jAtiyoMkI parimArjita bhASA, jaise saMskRta bhASA milA kara dekhanekI aura una una bhASAoMke sambandhameM Upara kahA gayA anumAna kahA~ taka saMgata hotA hai-isa bAtakI parIkSA karanekI AvazyakatA hai| usa milAne yA jA~caneke kAmameM, jo zabda dUsarI bhASAse liye gaye haiM, yA dasa AdamiyoMkI icchAke anusAra parAmarza karake kalpita hue haiM, unheM chor3a denA Avazyaka hai| ina donoM zreNiyoMke zabda bhASAkI mUla sRSTikA koI nidarzana nahIM de sakate / koI bhI bhASA pUrNa rUpase dUsarI bhASAse nahIM lI gaI hai| magara aisA hone para bhI prazna uThegA ki usa dUsarI bhASAkI sRSTi kaise huI ? dasa AdamI icchAke anusAra parAmarza karake bhI pahale pahala kisI bhASAkI sRSTi nahIM kara sakate / kAraNa, yahA~ para bhI prazna hotA hai ki bhASAkI sRSTike pahale dasa AdamiyoMkA vaha parAmarza kisa bhASAmeM huA ? vAstavameM yadyapi dUsarI bhASAse zabda lekara, yA parAmarza karake pAribhASika Adi naye zabda gar3ha kara, ina donoM prakArakI prakriyAoMse bhASAkI puSTi ho sakatI hai aura huA karatI hai, lekina ina prakriyAoMke dvArA mUlabhASAkI sRSTi honA kabhI saMbhava nhiiN| ataeva ukta donoM prakArake zabda chor3a kara, manuSyakI Adima asabhya avasthAmeM jo zabda atyanta prayojanIya ho sakate haiM unhIMko lekara anusandhAna karanA hogA ki kisa lie ve jisa jisa arthameM vyavahRta hote haiM usa usa arthaka bodhaka hue| Upara jo kahA _ * Darwin's Descent of Man, 2nd. Ed., p. 86; Deussen's Metaphysics, p. 90; Max Muller's Science of Thought, Ch. x dekho|

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42 zAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga gayA hai usase yaha upalabdha hotA hai ki dravyabodhaka zabdoMkI apekSA pahale kriyAbodhaka zabdoMkI sRSTi honA hI saMbhava hai| kyoMki kriyAke sAtha hI sAtha dehabhAMga, mukhabhaMgi aura dhvani utpanna honekI adhika saMbhAvanA hai| sabhI zabda dhAtuoMse utpanna haiM, yaha prAcIna saMskRtake vaiyAkaraNa pANinikA mata kucha kucha isI bAtakA samarthana karatA hai| __ agara koI kahe ki bacce ke pahale bola phUTaneke samaya vaha aksara vastuoMke. nAma pahale aura kriyAoMke nAma pIche sIkhatA hai, to isa bAtake uttarameM kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhASAkI prathama saSTi baccoM ke dvArA nahIM huI-javAna aura praur3ha vyaktiyoMhIke dvArA huI thI, aura vartamAna samayameM bhI bacce bhASAko sIkhate haiM, bhASAkI sRSTi nahIM karate / kintu isa viSayake mUlakI parIkSA karaneke samaya yahI dekhanA Avazyaka hai ki jo dhAtu jisa arthakA bodha karAtI hai vaha kyoM usI arthakA bodha karAnevAlI huI ? jaise ' ad' dhAtukA artha khAnA (jisase adana zabda, a~garejI Eat zabda, laiTina Edere zabda, grIka Edelv zabda Adi Aye haiM ), yA ' svap' dhAtukA artha sonA ( jisase svapna zabda, a~garejI Sleep zabda, laiTina Sopire zabda, grIka Uitvos zabda Adi Aye haiM) hai, to ye dhAtue~ kyoM inhIM arthoMkA bodha karAnevAlI huI, arthAt bhakSaNakArya kyoM adU dhAtuke dvArA aura zayanakArya kyoM svap dhAtuke dvArA prakaTa kiyA gayA, isake anusandhAnakI AvazyakatA hai| kahA jA sakatA hai ki khAne arthAt cabAneke samaya 'ad' aisI dhvani mukhase aura sote samaya svap athavA kucha kucha isIke anurUpa dhvani nAsikAse nikalatI hai| kintu isa tarahakI vyAkhyA ThIka hai yA nahIM, aura aneka dhAtue~ aisI haiM jinake sambandhameM isa tarahakI vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai yA nahIM, yaha viSaya vizeSa sandehakA sthala hai| aba yahA~para isa viSayakI adhika AlocanA nahIM kI jaaygii| kevala itanA hI kahA jAyagA ki bhASAsRSTike mUlatattvakA anusandhAna karaneke lie, bhASAtattva arthAt bhinna bhinna bhASAoM meM kisa zabdakI mUladhAtu kyA hai, aura dehatattva arthAt kisa kAryake sAtha sAtha dehakI aura khAsa kara vAk-yantrakI kisa tarahakI gati aura usake dvArA kaisI aMgabhaMgI aura dhvanisphuraNa svabhAvasiddha hai, ina saba viSayoMkI vizeSa abhijJatAkA prayojana hai| yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA

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tIsarA adhyAya ] antrjgt| wwwwwwwwwwwwwww ki vaisI abhijJatAse saMpanna koI manISI vidvAn isa rahasyako saMpUrNa rUpase khola sakegA yA nhiiN| ___ yadyapi bhASAkI sRSTikA tattva atyanta durjeya hai, tathApi bhASAke kAryako hama sahaja hI dekha pAte haiM ki vaha atyanta vicitra aura vismayajanaka hai| pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki bhASA cintanakAryakA eka prabala sahAyaka hai| padArthake nAma aura rUpako lekara hI cintAkA kArya calatA hai, aura unameM rUpakI apekSA nAma hI adhika sthaloM meM avalaMbanIya hotA hai| zabdakI zaktikA bakhAna aneka zAstroMmeM kiyA gayA hai| chAndogya upaniSadke prathama adhyAyameM pahale hI oMkArako eka prakAra sRSTikA sAra kahA hai| grIsameM pleTone zabda yA varNako azeSarahasyapUrNa batalAyA hai| IsAiyoMke dharmazAstrameM bhI zabdako sRSTikA Adi mAnA hai / / zabdoMse hI mantrakI racAnA huI hai, aura mantrabala asAdhAraNa bala hai| yahA~ para mantrakI devazakti mAnanekI jarUrata nahIM hai| zabdake dvArA jo vAkya racita hote haiM, una sabako mantra kahA jA sakatA hai, aura unhIMke dvArA yaha saMsAra zAsita ho rahA hai| zabda yA bhASAke dvArA hI guru ziSyako zikSA dete haiN| bhASAhIke dvArA eka samaya yA eka dezameM prApta jJAna dUsare samaya yA dUsare dezameM pracArita hotA hai| bhASAke hI dvArA rAjA apanI prajAko AjJAnusAra calAte haiM / zabdahIke dvArA senApati apanI senAko ThIka jagaha para kAmameM niyukta karate haiN| bhASAhIkI sahAyatAse dezadezAntarameM phailA huA banija-baipAra calatA hai| bhASAhIke dvArA hama logoMke cittameM saba acchI-burI pravRttiyA~ uttejita hokara hameM zubhAzubha kamAmeM pravRtta karatI haiN| bhASAmeM race gaye zAstroMkI AlocanAse hI paramArthatattvakI khoja karate hue sAdhu mahAtmA puruSa zAntilAbha karate haiN| zreNIvibhAgakA kArya tIna niyamoM ke anusAra honA Avazyaka hai| 1-zreNIvibhAga aneka bhittimUlaka ho sakatA hai| lekina eka zreNIkI eka hI bhitti honI caahie| ___ mAna lo, manuSyajAtikA zreNIvibhAga karanA hai, to vaha dharmake anusAra bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai, aura vaisA karane para hindU, musalamAna, IsAI, bauddha Adi zreNiyoMmeM manuSyasamAja vibhakta hogaa| manuSyajAtikA zreNIvibhAga dezAnusAra bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai, aura karane para bhAratavAsI, jApAnI, aMga

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44 jJAna aura krm| . [prathama bhAga reja, jarmana, phreMca Adi zreNiyA~ hoNgii| raMgake anusAra bhI zreNIvibhAga ho sakatA hai, aura taba kRSNavarNa, zuklavarNa, gauravarNa, Adi zreNiyA~ hoNgii| kintu eka sAtha aisA karanA saMgata na hogA ki manuSyoM meM kucha hiMdU haiM, kucha bauddha haiM, kucha bhAratavAsI haiM, kucha cInanivAsI haiM, kucha gore hai aura kucha kAle haiN| kAraNa, eka hI manuSya hindU, bhAratavAsI aura gore raMgakA, yA hindU, bhAratavAsI aura kAle raMgakA, yA bauddha, bhAratavAsI aura kAle raMgakA, athavA bauddha cInavAsI aura gore raMgakA ho sakatA hai| 2-jinakA vibhAga karanA hai una viSayoMkA vibhAgakI kisI-na-kisI zreNI meM AnA avazyaka hai| aisA honese kAma nahIM cala sakatA ki jinakA vibhAga karanA hai una viSayoMmeMse kucha viSaya kisI bhI zreNIke bIca na aaveN| 3-vibhAgakI zreNiyA~ paraspara pRthak honI caahie| aisA honese kAma nahIM cala sakatA ki vibhAjya viSayoMmeMse koI viSaya ekase adhika zreNiyoM meM A jaay| buddhi jo hai so jJAta viSayoMko zreNIbaddha karake, arthAt tadanusAra jAtivibhAga aura jAtIya nAmakaraNa karake, una saba jJAta viSayoMse navIna navIna viSayoMkA nirUpaNa karatI hai| yaha naye viSayoMke nirUpaNakA kAma do tarahakA hai| eka vizeSa vizeSa tattvoMse sAdhAraNa tattvakA nirNaya, aura dUsarA sAdhAraNa tattvoMse vizeSa tattvakA nirNaya / jaise (1) zilA pahale jitanI bAra jalameM DAlI gaI utanI bAra DUba gaI, isI lie bAdako zilA jitanI bAra jalameM DAlI jAyagI utanI hI bAra DUba jaaygii| (2) lohA jitanI bAra jalameM DAlA gayA utanI hI bAra DUba gayA, isI lie bAdako lohA jitanI bAra jalameM DAlA jAyagA utanI bAra DUba jAyagA / (3) zilA, lohA Adi padArtha jalakI apekSA bhArI haiM, isase jalameM DUba jAte haiN| isI taraha jo vastu jalase bhArI hogI, arthAt jisa vastukA koI Ayatana (laMbAI-caur3AI) apane samAna Ayatanake jalakI apekSA vajanameM adhika hogA, vaha jalameM DUba jaaygii| ye tInoM buddhike prathamokta prakArake kAryake arthAt vizeSa tattvase sAdhAraNatattvake nirUpaNake dRSTAnta haiM / ( 4 ) jalakI apekSA bhArI sabhI vastue~ DUba jAtI haiN| pItala jalakI apekSA bhArI hai, isa lie pItala jalameM DUbegA / yaha buddhike dUsare prakArake kAryakA, arthAt " jalakI apekSA bhArI

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tIsarA adhyAya ] antarjagat / sabhI vastue~ jalameM DUba jAtI hai" isa sAdhAraNa tattvase " pItala jalameM DUba jAyagA" isa vizeSa tattvake nirUpaNakA dRSTAnta hai| (5) do sIdhI rekhAe~ bhUmiko ghera nahIM sktiiN| sAmane do sIdhI rekhAe~ haiM; ye kisI bhUmiko ghera nahIM sktiiN| yaha bhI eka vaisA hI dRSTAnta hai| buddhike isa do tarahake anumAnakAryako, arthAt vizeSa tattvase sAdhAraNa tattvake anumAna aura sAdhAraNa tattvase vizeSa tattvake anumAnako, saMkSepase sAmAnya-anumAna aura vizeSa-anumAnake nAmase abhihita kara sakate haiN| ina donoM prakArake anumAnoMke saMbaMdhameM kaI eka bAteM kahanekI haiN| unakA varNana Age kiyA jAtA hai| 1-Upara kahe gaye prathama tInoM dRSTAntoMmeM vizeSa tattvase jo sAdhAraNa tattvakA nirupaNa kiyA gayA, usakI bhitti kyA hai, yaha anusandhAna karane para dekha par3egA ki hara eka jagaha yaha sAdhAraNa tattva mAna liyA gayA hai ki prakRtikA kArya samabhAvase calatA hai, arthAt vaha ekase sthAnameM eka-sA hI hotA hai / yaha bAta svIkAra kara lene para hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki pahale jaba zilA jalameM DUba cukI hai taba bAdako bhI usI taraha jalameM zilA DUba jaaygii| isa bhAvase dekhA jAya to ullikhita cauthe dRSTAnta aura pahale kahe gaye tInoM dRSTAntoMmeM kucha bheda nahIM dikhAI par3atA / donoM jagaha sAdhAraNa tattvase athavA sAdhAraNa tattvakI sahAyatAse vizeSa tattvakA anumAna huA hai| __2-vizeSa tattvoMke bIca koI bandhana yA kAryasAdhaka sambandha rahe binA, unase kisI sAdhAraNa tattvakA anumAna siddha nahIM ho sktaa| jaise zilA jalameM DUbatI hai aura zilA kRSNavarNa hai, lohA jalameM DUbatA hai aura vaha bhI kRSNavarNa hai, miTTIkA piNDa jalameM DUbatA hai aura vaha bhI kRSNavarNa hai, ina vizeSa tattvoMse yadi isa sAdhAraNa tattvakA anumAna kiyA jAya ki kRSNavarNavAlI sabhI cIjeM jalameM DUba jAya~gI, to yaha anumAna spaSTa asiddha hai| kyoMki raMgakA kAlA honA DUbane-utarAnekA kisI taraha kAryasAdhaka lakSaNa nahIM hai| aura eka dRSTAnta deNge| 1 aura 2 milanese 3 hote haiN| 1 ke sivA 3 kA aura bhAjaka nahIM hai / 2 aura 3 milakara 5 hote haiN| 5 kA bhI ke sivA aura bhAjaka nahIM hai| 3 aura 4 milakara 7 hote haiN| 7 kA bhI 1 ke sivA aura bhAjaka nahIM hai| ina tIna vizeSa tattvoMse agara hama aise

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46 jJAna aura kme| [prathama bhAga sAdhAraNa tattvakA anumAna kareM ki koI do para-para saMkhyAoMke yogase jo saMkhyA hotI hai usakA 1 ke sivA aura bhAjaka nahIM hotA, to yaha anumAna spaSTa hI bhrAnta hai| kAraNa, ukta tInoM vizeSa dRSTAntoMke bAda jo dRSTAnta AtA hai vaha 4 aura 5 kA yoga hai| usakA yogaphala 9 kI saMkhyA hai aura usakA 1 ke alAvA 3 bhI eka bhAjaka hai / lekina jo ukta tIna vizeSa dRSTAntoMse yaha sAdhAraNa tattva anumAna kiyA jAya ki koI do para-para saMkhyAoMko jor3anese yogaphala ayugma hogA, to yaha anumAna siddha hai| kAraNa isa sthalapara vizeSa tattvoMke bIca yaha bandhana hai ki do para-para saMkhyAoMmeM eka yugma aura dUsarI ayugma avazya hI hogI, aura yugma-ayugmakA jor3a avazya ayu. gma hI hogaa| ataeva agara vizeSa tattva asambaddha hote haiM, arthAt unameM koI bandhana nahIM hotA, to unase kisI sAdhAraNa tattvakA anumAna siddha nahIM hotaa| 3-upara kahe gaye anumita sAdhAraNa tattvameM vyatikrama bhI dekhA jAtA hai| jaise lohe yA pItalako Thosa piNDake AkArameM na lekara, usakI koI bhItarase polI cIja gar3hakara pAnImeM chor3I jAya to vaha Upara tairane lgegii| isa vyatikramakI paryAlocanA karanese aura eka sAdhAraNa tattva nirUpita hotA hai / jaise, koI vastu agara aise AkArameM gar3hI jAya ki apane bojhakI apekSA adhika vajanake jalako haTA sake, to vaha vastu jalameM utarAne lgegii| vizeSa tattvase sAdhAraNa tattvake anumAnake sambandhameM aneka sUkSma niyama haiM, unakI AlocanA yahA~ sthAnAbhAvase nahIM kI gii| pratyakSakI apekSA anumAnake dvArA bahutasA aura adhika jJAna pAyA jAtA hai| bahirjagatse sambandha rakhanevAle adhikAMza aura antarjagatse saMbaMdha rakhanevAle prAyaH sabhI jJAna anumAnase prApta haiN| sAdhAraNa yA vizeSa tattvase anumAna kiye gaye tattvako chor3akara aura bhI kucha tattva haiM, jinakA nirUpaNa AtmA apanehIse karatA hai, aura use svataHsiddha tattva kahate haiN| jaise kinhIM do vastuoMmeMse haraeka vastu kisI tIsarI vastuke samAna ho, to ve donoM vastue~ samAna mAnI jAya~gI / svataHsiddhaHtattva aura gaNitazAstrake tattva, jaise, 2 aura 3 kA jor3a 5 hotA hai, ina saba tattvoMke sambandhameM hamAre jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai vaha nirvikalpa jJAna, hai, arthAt usameM koI saMzaya nahIM rahatA, aura usake viparIta kapanA nahIM kI jA

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tIsarA adhyAya ] antarjagat / 47 sktii| anya prakArake tattvoMke viparIta kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai| 2 aura 3 kA jor3a 5 ke sivA aura kucha honekI kalpanA hama nahIM kara skte| kintu lohA aisA ho sakatA thA jo jalameM utarAtA, yaha kalpanA hama kara sakate haiN| koI koI kahate haiM ki ina donoM prakArake tattvoMke mUlameM koI bheda nahIM hai, magara hA~ eka zreNIke tattvameM kabhI koI vyatikrama nahIM dekhA, isI kAraNa usake viparIta kalpanA hama nahIM kara sakate, aura dUsarI zreNIke tattvameM prakArAntarase vyatikrama dekhA jAtA hai, aura isI kAraNa usake viparIta kalpanA karanA asAdhya nahIM hotaa| kintu yaha bAta ThIka nahIM jAna par3atI / 2 aura 3 ke jor3ase 5 ke sivA aura kucha nahIM ho sakatA, yaha dhruva dhAraNA vAramvArakI parIkSAkA phala nahIM hai| aura, yadyapi kisI sthala para aisA dekhA jAtA ki kinhIM vizeSa prakArakI vastuoMmeMse 2 aura 3 ko ekatra karate hI unase alAvA vaisI hI aura eka vastu utpanna hokara vastukI saMkhyA 6 kara detI, to bhI hama yaha na kahate ki 2 aura 3 kA jor3a 6 hotA hai| hama vahA~ para bhI kahate ki 2 aura 3 mila kara 5 hote haiM, lekina hA~, sAtha hI sAtha aura eka unase atirikta vastu utpanna hotI hai| pakSAntarameM, aneka sthaloM para kabhI koI vyatikrama na dekha kara bhI hama vyatikramakI kalpanA kara sakate haiM, jaise, lohekA pAnImeM utraanaa| __ yahA~ para prazna hotA hai, jJAnake kahIM nirvikalpa aura kahIM savikalpa honekA kAraNa kyA hai ? isa praznakA uttara isa taraha diyA jA sakatA hai ki, jaise-amara kisI dravyake lakSaNameM jo guNa nihita hai, vaha guNa usa dravyameM hai, yaha kahA jAya, to usa bAtake sambandhameM hamAre jo jJAna utpanna hogA, vaha avazya hI nirvikalpa jJAna hai| aura, usake viparIta bAtakI kabhI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sakegI, kyoMki koI dravya apane lakSaNake viparIta nahIM ho sakatA / yaha bAta ThIka jarUra hai, lekina isake dvArA nirvikalpa aura savikalpa jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM nirdiSTa huA, kyoMki yadyapi "2 aura 3 kA jor3a 5 hotA hai" isa jagaha para 2 aura 3 ke jor3akA lakSaNa 5 honA hai, aisA kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu " samakoNavAle tribhujake karNameM AMkata samabAhu samakoNavAlA caturbhuja apanI anya donoM bhujAoMmeM aMkita vaise hI do * Mill's Logic, Bk. II, Ch. V dekhe||

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48 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga caturbhujoMkI samaSTike samAna hai," isa sthalapara samakoNavAle tribhujake lakSaNameM ullikhita tInoM caturbhujoMke sambandharUpI guNakA nihita rahanA nahIM kahA jAtA, athaca isI tattvake viSayameM hamArA jJAna nirvikalpa hai, isameM bhI sandeha nahIM / ukta praznakA ThIka uttara jAna par3atA hai yaha hai ki jahA~ kisI tattvake ullikhita dravya aura guNake sambandhameM hamAre pUrNa jJAna utpanna hotA hai, vahA~ usa tattvake sambandhameM hamArA jJAna nirvikalpa hotA hai, aura jahA~ tattvake pratipAdya dravya aura guNake sambandhameM hamArA jJAna apUrNa hotA hai, vahA~ usa tattvake viSayameM hamArA jJAna savikalpa hotA hai| samakoNavAlA tribhuja kyA hai, usakI tInoM bhujAoMmeM aMkita samavAhu samakoNa caturbhuja kyA hai aura unakA paraspara sambandha kaisA hai, yaha hama saMpUrNa rUpase jAnate haiM / isIse usake viSayake ukta tattvakA jo jJAna hai vaha nirvikalpa hai| lekina jala aura lohekI prakRti kisa prakArakI hai, aura unakI bhItarI gaThana kisa tarahakI hai, yaha hama saMpUrNa rUpase nahIM jAnate, ataeva 'lohA pAnImeM DUbatA hai / isa tattvake saMbaMdhameM hamArA jo jJAna hai vaha savikalpa hai| kintu yadi jala aura loheke saMbaMdhameM hamArA jJAna pUrNa hotA, arthAt agara pAnI aura loheke saba guNa aura unakI bhItarI gaThana hama saMpUrNa rUpase jAnate hote, to hama nizcitarUpase jAna sakate ki lohA jalameM kabhI utarA nahIM sakatA / arthAt lohe aura jalake saMbaMdhameM hamArA jJAna pUrNa hotA to hama yaha bAta manameM bhI nahIM lA sakate ki saSTi isa tarahakI ho sakatI jisameM lohA pAnImeM utarAtA hai| jJAnakI apUrNatAse hI asaMbhava bAta saMbhavapara jAna par3atI hai| isakA eka moTAsA dRSTAnta yahA~ para deNge| kisI AdamIne eka nayA ghara bnvaayaa| vaha ghara uttara-dakkhina laMbA hai aura usakA dakkhinakA hissA janAnA hai aura uttarakA hissA mardAnA hai / ataeva mardAnekI koThariyoMmeM dakkhinI havA nahIM aatii| yaha dekhakara gharake mAlikake eka suzikSita aura subuddhi mitrane gharakI banAvaTapara doSAropa karake kahA-gharake pUrva aura bahuta sI jamIna par3I huI hai, isalie gharako anAyAsa hI pUrva-pazcima laMbA karake pUrvakA hissA auratoMke rahaneke lie chor3a kara pazcimakA hissA mardAnI baiThaka banAyA jA sakatA thA, aura aisA hotA to gharake donoM hissomeM dakkhinI havA aatii| kintu

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tIsarA adhyAya ] antarjagat / vaha mitra yaha nahIM jAnate the ki pUrva orakI par3I huI jamIna eka paTI huI gar3haiyA hai, aura usa para ghara banAne meM bar3I lAgata pdd'tii| agara vaha mitra isa bAtako jAnate hote to gharako pUrva-pazcima laMbA karake banAnA kabhI saMbhavapara nahIM smjhte| vizeSa tattvase sAdhAraNa tattvakA anumAna, aura sAdhAraNa tattvase vizeSa tattvakA anumAna, ina donoM tarahake anumAnoMkI prakriyA eka hI mUla niyamake adhIna hai| vaha niyama yaha hai agara kisI jAtike dravyamAtrakA hI, koI guNa ho, athavA kisI jAtike pratyeka viSayake sambandha meM koI bAta kahI jAsakatI ho, aura yadi koI vizeSa dravya yA viSaya usa jAtike antargata ho, to yaha bAta kahI jA sakatI hai ki usa vizepa dravyameM vaha guNa hai| athavA usa vizeSa viSayake sambandhameM vahI bAta kahI jA sakatI hai| vizeSa tattvase sAdhAraNa tattvake anumAnakA dRSTAnta yaha hai ki jahA~ dhuA~ dekhA gayA hai vahA~ Aga thii| ataeva jahA~ dhuA~ dekhA jAyagA vahA~ Aga rhegii| ___ yahA~ para prakRtikA yaha sAdhAraNa tattva mAna liyA gayA hai ki jahA~ para jaisA dekhA gayA hai usake samAna sthala para prakRtike niyamAnusAra vaisA hI dekhA jaaygaa| isa anumAnakI prakriyA saMpUrNa rUpase vyakta karaneke lie kahanA hogA ki eka sthala para jaisA dekhA gayA hai, prakRtike niyamAnusAra, usake tulya sabhI sthaloMmeM, vaisA hI dekhA jaaygaa| dhue~ke rahane para AgakA rahanA-eka sthala para dekhA gayA hai| ataeva dhuA~ rahane para AgakA rahanA, vaise hI saba sthaloMmeM prakRtike niyamAnusAra dekhA jaaygaa| sAdhAraNa tattvase vizeSa tattvake anumAnakA dRSTAntajisa jagaha para dhuA~ rahatA hai usa jagaha hI Aga rahatI hai| isa pahAr3apara dhuA~ hai, ataeva isa pahAr3a para Aga hai| jJAna0-4

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50 jJAna aura krm| [ prathama bhAga antake dRSTAntameM yaha spaSTa dekhA jAtA hai ki anumAnakI prakriyA Upara kahe gaye niyamake anusAra huI hai| sAmAnya-anumAna aura vizeSa-anumAna, ina do tarahake kAryoMke dvArA hamAre jJAnakI paridhi itanI phaila gaI hai ki udhara dhyAna denese vismita honA par3atA hai| kaI eka svataHsiddha sarala tattvoMke Upara nirbhara karake gaNita zAstrake asaMkhya jaTila durUha tattvoMkA anumAna kiyA gayA hai / aura jar3avijJAnake vizvavyApI tattvoMkA anumAna pratyakSalabdha bahuta thoDIsI vizeSatAoMse kiyA gayA hai| ina saba viSayoMko socanese jAna par3atA hai, manuSyakI buddhi usakI kSudra nazvara dehase kabhI utpanna nahIM ho sakatI; vaha avazya hI asIma ananta paramAtmAkA aMza hai| isake sivA buddhikA aura eka kArya hai-kartavyAkartavyakA nirNaya / buddhikI isa kAma karanekI zaktiko kabhI kabhI vivekazakti kahate haiN| yaha kAma pradhAnataH karmavibhAgakA viSaya hai, aura isakI vizeSa AlocanA 'kartavyatAke lakSaNa' nAmake adhyAyameM kI jAyagI / isa jagaha para yaha kaha denA hI yatheSTa hogA ki jaise vastukA bar3A yA choTA honA , sapheda honA yA kAlA honA , hama pratyakSake dvArA ThIka kara sakate haiM , vaise hI kAryakI kartavyatA-akartavyatA yA nyAya-anyAya bhI hama buddhike dvAra ThIka kara sakate haiN| sAdhAraNataH choTe-bar3e yA kAle-goreke alagAvakI taraha kartavyAkartavya yA nyAya-anyAyake pArthakyakA jJAna bhI sahaja hI paidA hotA hai / kintu isa bAtake Upara yaha Apatti ho sakatI hai ki agara kartavyAkartavyakA alagAva itane sahajameM jAnA jAsakatA hai , to phira isI viSayako lekara aksara itanA matabheda kyoM hotA hai| isakA uttara yaha hai ki jaise choTe-bar3ekA pArthakya sahaja hI jJeya hone para bhI, aneka vizeSa vizeSa sthaloMpara, jaise eka gola catuSkoNa vastumeM kauna bar3I hai aura kauna choTI hai-yaha kahanA kaThina hai , athavA jaise zuklakRSNakA bheda sahaja hI jJeya hone para bhI, aneka vizeSa vizeSa sthaloM para, jaise kucha maTamaile raMgakI do vastuoM meM kise zukla aura kise kRSNa kaheM--yaha nizvaya karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai, vaise hI kartavyAkartavyakA pArthakya sahaja hI jJeya hone para bhI, vizeSa vizeSa sthaloM para kyA kartavya hai aura kyA akartavya hai, yaha ThIka karanA sahaja nahIM hotA; bahuta soca vicAra

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tIsarA adhyAya ] antarjagat / 51 kara kartavyAkartavyakA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai / isIse samaya samaya para isa sambandhameM matabheda bhI hotA hai| ___ Upara kahI gaI kriyAke sivA antarjagatkI aura eka zreNIkI kriyA hai, jise anubhava kahA jAtA hai / AtmAkI jisa zaktike dvArA isa zreNIkI 'kriyA saMpanna hotI hai use anubhavazakti kahate haiN| pahale hI kaha diyA gayA hai ki anubhava eka prakArakA jJAna hai| kintu anya prakArake jJAna aura anubhavameM bheda yaha hai ki anubhava kAryameM jAnanekA viSaya koI tattva yA satya nahIM hotA, vaha jJAtAkA apanA sukha yA duHkha yA anyarUpa avasthA hotI hai| ___ hama apanI jina saba avasthAoMkA anubhava karate haiM unameM kucha to dehakI avasthAe~ haiM, jaise bhUkha-pyAsa-thakana, aura kucha manakI avasthAe~ haiM, jaise krodha-sneha ityAdi / kintu pIche kahI gaI avasthAe~ manakI hone para bhI unake dvArA zarIrakI bhI avasthA badala jAtI hai| hamArI anubhUta avasthAoM yA bhAvoMmeM kucha svArthapara aura kucha parArthapara haiN| jaise bhUkha-pyAsa Adi zarIrake bhAva. aura lobha-krodha Adi manake bhAva svArthapara haiM, aura sneha-dayA-bhakti Adi bhAva parArthapara haiN| ___ saMyata svArthapara bhAvakA kArya bilkula hI azubhakara nahIM hotA, aura samaya samaya para AtmarakSAke lie vaha prayojanIya ho par3atA hai| aise hI asaMyata parArthapara bhAvakA kArya bhI saba jagaha zubhakara nahIM hotA; kabhI kabhI vaha AtmAkI unnatimeM bAdhaka bhI ho jAtA hai| kintu svArthapara bhAvakA saMyama kaThina hai, aura usake asaMyata kArya aneka prakArase aniSTajanaka ho jAte haiM, isI lie vaha heya hai| udhara parArthapara bhAvake atyanta bar3hanakI AzaMkA aura usake dvArA aniSTakI saMbhAvanA bahuta thor3I hai, isI kAraNa vaha AdaraNIya hai| svArthapara bhAvoM se kAma, krodha, lobha, moha, mada aura matsara, ye chaH hamAre zatru mAne gaye haiM / parArthapara bhAva sadguNake nAmase varNita haiN| svArthapara bhAva agara ekadama miTa jAyeMge to usase AtmarakSAmeM vighna upasthita hogA, isa AzaMkAkA vizeSa kAraNa nahIM hai| kyoMki unake ekadama nirmUla honekI saMbhAvanA bahuta thor3I hai| agara aisA ho bhI to aniSTa ,

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52 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga honeke pahale AtmarakSAke lie sAvadhAna honA hI usakA yuktisiddha upAya hai| pakSAntarameM, parArthapara bhAvake kArya dvArA sacce svArthasAdhanameM vighna na par3akara aneka jagaha svArthasAdhanakI sahAyatA hI hotI hai| jaise rogagrasta hokara bAdako rogamukta honekI ceSTAkI apekSA, pahalehIse. rogase bacanekI ceSTA karanA adhikatara yuktisiddha hai, vaise hI aniSTake cakrameM par3akara aniSTakArIko satAne yA badalA lenekI ceSTAkI apekSA pahalehIse. aniSTase bacanekI ceSTA adhikatara yuktisiddha hai / magara hA~, saba samaya vaha sAdhya nahIM hotii| jaba sAdhya na ho taba aniSTakArIko satAnA yA usase badalA lenA AtmarakSAke lie Avazyaka hone para use eka prakArakA Apaddharma kaha kara svIkAra karanA hotA hai| ' ___Upara kahA gayA hai, parArthapara bhAvake kArya dvArA sacce svArthameM vighna nahIM hotA / phalataH yadyapi jIvajagatke nicale starameM, aura parArthake virodhakI jagaha, svArthapara bhAva hI karmakA pradhAna pravartaka hotA hai, kintu ucca starameMarthAt manuSyoMmeM-svArtha aura parArtha itane avicchinna rUpase ba~dhe hue haiM ki saccA svArtha parArthako chor3akara ho hI nahIM sakatA / sthUladarzI aura adUradarzI loga soca sakate haiM ki parArthako agrAhya karake svArtha sAdhana sahaja hai, kintu kucha sUkSmadRSTi aura dUradRSTike sAtha dekhanese hI jAna par3atA hai ki vaha svArthasAdhana na to susAdhya hai aura na sthAyI hI ho sakatA hai| kAraNa, pahale to maiM aisA karU~gA to merI sI prakRtike loga mere svArthako naSTa karanekI ceSTA kareMge aura akele meM use roka nahIM sakU~gA / dUsare, jo loga merI sI prakRtike nahIM haiM, merI apekSA bhale haiM, ve merA aura aniSTa bhale hI na kareM magara mujhe damana karanekI ceSTA avazya kreNge| tIsare, yadyapi dUsarA koI kucha bhI na kare, tobhI maiM apane hI kAryase Apa atyanta asukhI hoU~gA / kyoM ki. merI AkAMkSA asaMyata rUpase bar3hatI rahegI aura mujhe asantoSa aura azAntise utpanna duHkha bhoganA pdd'egaa| __ svArtha aura parArthameM jo virodha hai, usakA sAmaJjasya karanA buddhikA ekapradhAna kArya hai| sukha-duHkha kevala anubhava-kriyAke nahIM, antarjagatkI sabhI kriyAoMke avicchinna saMgI haiM / koI koI loga sandeha karate haiM ki yaha bAta

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tIsarA adhyAya 1 antarjagat / 53 ThIka hai yA nahIM, kintu antardRSTike dvArA jahA~ taka jAnA jAtA hai, usase kahA jA sakatA hai ki usa sandehakA kAraNa nahIM hai / yaha bAta avazya satya hai ki jaba antarjagatkI jJAnaviSayaka yA karmaviSayaka koI kriyA atyanta prabala bhAvase saMpanna hotI rahatI hai, taba usake AnuSaMgika sukhaHdukhake prati manoniveza bahuta thor3A honeke kAraNa usakA saMpUrNa anubhava nahIM hotA, kintu yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki manoniveza rahatA hI nahIM, yA ekadama usakA anubhava hI nahIM hotA / yadyapi antarjagatkI kriyAmAtrake sAtha sAtha cAhe sukhakA aura cAhe duHkhakA avazya hI anubhava hogA, kintu kesa kriyAke sAtha sukhakA aura kisa kriyA ke sAtha duHkhakA anubhava hogA, isakA kucha ThIka nahIM / yaha abhyAsa aura jJAnakI vibhinnatA para nirbhara hai / acchI kriyAke sAtha sukhakA anubhava aura burI kriyAke sAtha duHkhakA anubhava honA svabhAvasiddha hai / kintu ku - abhyAsa aura ajJAnake phalase aksara isa niyama meM vyatikrama hotA dekhA jAtA hai / ataeva abhyAsa aura zikSA aisI honI cAhie ki acche kAmameM hI sukhakA anubhava aura bure kAmameM duHkhakA anubhava ho / sukha-duHkhake sambandhameM aura eka bAta hai, jisakA ullekha yahA~para aprAsaMgika yA asaMgata nahIM hogA / manu bhagavAnne kahA hai-- sarvaM paravazaM duHkhaM sarvamAtmavazaM sukham / etadvidyAtsamAsena lakSaNaM sukhaduHkhayo // ( a0 4, zloka 0 160 ) aura " jo paravaza hai vahI duHkha hai, jo Atmavaza hai vahI sukha hai | sukha dukhaHkA yahI saMkSipta lakSaNa samajhanA cAhie / ,, anyake vazavartI honA duHkha hai aura apanI icchA ke anusAra cala sakanA sukha hai, yahI isakA sthUla artha hai / kintu isake bhItara eka gaharA sUkSma tattva nihita hai| jo kucha paravaza hai vahI duHkha hai, isa jagahapara kevala rAjanIti aura samAja-nIti se sambandha rakhanevAlI adhInatAse honevAle hI duHkhoMkI bAta nahIM kahI jA rahI hai| inake sivA aura bhI taraha tarahakI parAdhInatAe~ ( jaise Adhidaivika aura Adhibhautika adhInatA) aura unase honevAle duHkha haiM, aura jaba

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54 jJAna aura kme| [prathama bhAga maiM arthAt mere AtmAke sivA aura para haiM, sadA mere vaza nahIM haiM, yahA~taka ki jise sabakI apekSA apanA kahate haiM vaha apanA zarIra bhI mere vaza nahIM haiM, rogagrasta honepara maiM apane hAtha-pairoMko bhI icchAke anusAra calA nahIM sakatA, taba AtmAse itara vastuke Upara jo kucha nirbhara hai usase utpanna sukhakI kAmanA niSphala hai| merA sukha kevala mere hI Upara nirbhara hogA, anya kisI vastu yA manuSyapara nahIM nirbhara hogA, yaha dhAraNA aura usake anusAra cittako sthira karanA hI sacce sukhake lAbhakA ekamAtra upAya hai| yahA~para zaMkarAcArya bhagavAnkA yaha amUlya vAkya yAda AtA hai ki " svAnandabhAve parituSTamantaH suzAntasandriyavRttimantaH / aharnizaM brahmaNi ye ramantaH kaupInavantaH khalu bhaagyvntH||" "jo apa AnandameM Apa hI santuSTa haiM, jinakI saba indriyA~ aura unakI vRtiyA~ saMyata haiM, jo dina-rAta brahmameM anurakta rahate haiM, ve kaupInadhArI hone para bhI nizcaya hI bhAgyazAlI haiM " vidyAbhimAnI loga samajhate haiM ki ve vidyAke dvArA saba kucha vaza kara leMge / balakA abhimAna rakhanevAle samajhate haiM ki ve balake dvArA saba apane vaza kara leNge| kintu vidyAke anuzIlana yA balake paricAlanake lie jisa dehakI AvazyakatA hai vaha deha hI unake vaza nahIM hai| duHkhase bacane aura sukha pAneke lie sabhI jIva nirantara vyasta haiM, kintu parAdhIna sukhakI khoja aneka jagaha viphala aura sabhI jagaha kaSTakara hai| saccA sukha manuSyake apane hAthameM hai, usase anya kisIkA aniSTa nahIM hotaa| AtmajJAna hI usakA upAdAna hai| vaha sukha prApta karanA kaThina hai, magara asAdhya nahIM hai / sAmAnya yaza pAneke lie jo manuSya kitane duHsaha klezoMko binA kisI rukAvaTake saha sakatA hai, vaha nitya paramAnanda prApta karaneke lie anitya duHkhakI avahelA nahIM kara sakegA ? antarjagatkI aura eka zreNIkI kriyA hai, jise icchA kahate haiN| yaha kriyA jJAnakI apekSA karmake sAtha vizeSa saMbandha rakhatI hai, aura isa pustakake dUsare bhAga arthAt karmaviSayaka bhAgameM isakI vizeSa AlocanAkA sthAna hai|

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tIsarA adhyAya ] antarjagat / kintu vaha antarjagatkI kriyA hai, isalie usakA yahA~ para ullekha kara diyA / gayA, aura kucha AlocanA bhI kI jaaygii| 7 icchA saba kauMko pravRtta karatI hai| vaha sat, asat aura aneka prakAraMkI hai| icchA nAnAprakArakI honepara bhI do bhAgoMmeM usakA vibhAga kiyA jA sakatA hai-pravRtti-mukhI aura nivRtti-mukhI, athavA preyomArgamukhI aura zreyomArgamukhI ( 1) / * isa lokameM vaiSayika sukhake upayogI padArthoM ko pAnekI icchA, aura jo loga paraloka yA janmAntara mAnate haiM, unake pakSameM paralokameM yA parajanmameM jisase sukhabhoga ho sake usake upayogI karma karanakI icchA, prathamokta zre* NIkI icchA hai| aura isa lokameM jisase saccA sukha arthAt zAnti mile, aura paraloka yA pariNAmameM jisase mukti prApta ho, vaisA kArya karanekI icchA dUsarI zreNIke antargat hai / saMkSepameM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhogakI vAsanA pravRtti yA preyomArgamukhI icchA hai, aura bhogoMko anitya jAnakara muktilAbhakI vAsanA nivRtti yA zreyomArgamukhI hai| koI pAThaka aisA na samajha baiThe ki pravRtti yA preyomArgamukhI icchA hI yathArthameM icchA hai, aura nivRtti yA zreyomArgamukhI icchA icchA hI nahIM hai, vaha icchAkA abhAva hai| isa prakAra saMdeha karanekA koI kAraNa nahIM hai| kyA mumukSu aura kyA bhogakI abhilASA rakhanevAle, sabhI icchAke vaza haiN| koI sthira nahIM hai, koI nizceSTa nahIM hai, sabhI icchAkI preraNA pAkara apane apane karmameM lage hue haiN| kintu vaha icchA aura usakI preraNAse honevAle karma jude jude logoMke judI judI tarahake haiN| aneka loga soca sakate haiM ki pravRtti yA preyomArgamukhI icchA hI manuSyako yathArtha karmI banAkara jagatkA hita karane meM lagAtI hai, aura nivRtti yA zreyomArgamukhI icchA manuSyako niSkarmA banAkara jagatkA hita karanese nivRtta karatI hai| kintu yaha bAta ThIka nahIM hai| saca hai ki pravRttimArgamukhI icchA nivRttimArgamukhI icchAkI apekSA adhika prabala hai aura adhika vegake sAtha hameM karmameM niyukta karatI hai| para usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki vaha icchA jisa (1) kaThopaniSad, 1, 2, 1-2 dekho|

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jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga sukhakI khoja karatI hai vaha anitya hone para bhI atinikaTa aura sahajabhogya hai| udhara nivRttimArgamukhI icchA jisa sukhako khojatI hai, vaha nitya hone para bhI bahudUravartI hai, aura saMyatacitta hue binA koI use bhoganekA adhikArI nahIM hotaa| kintu yaha hone para bhI, nivRttimAgarmukhI icchA yadyapi hameM dhIredhIre karmameM lagAtI hai, tathApi ekabAra vaisI icchAse prerita karma AraMbha hone para vaha avirata calatA rahatA hai| kAraNa vaha icchA jisa sukhako khojatI hai vaha nitya hai, aura usa sukhako bhoganekI zakti kabhI nahIM ghtttii| kaThopaniSadameM, yama-naciketA upAkhyAnameM, naciketAne jaba viSayasukhako upekSAkI dRSTise dekhA, taba yaha kahA ki isa sukhake sAmAna asthAyI haiM, aura yaha sukha bhogate bhogate indriyA~ tejohIna ho jAtI haiM aura hamArI bhogazakti ghaTatI hai| pravRttimArgake sukhameM yaha pradhAna bAdhA hai ki vaha sukha pAneke lie jina saba bhogya vastuoMkI AvazyakatA hai ve asthAyI haiM aura vaha sukha bhoga neke lie hamameM jo zakti hai vaha bhI kSaya honevAlI hai| parantu pravRttimArgamukhI icchAke dvArA prerita hokara koI kArya kiyA jAya to usake nibahaneke bAremeM bahuta kucha zaMkA rahatI hai| kAraNa, kartA svayaM sukhalAbhake lie hI usameM pravRtta hotA hai| kintu nivRttimArgamukhI icchAke dvArA agara koI usI kAryameM niyukta ho, to usake saMbaMdhameM vaha AzaMkA nahIM rhtii| vaha apane sukha para dRSTi na rakhakara isIkI ceSTA karatA rahatA ha ki vaha kArya yathocitarUpase saMpanna ho / eka sAdhAraNa dRSTAntake dvArA yaha bAta bilkula spaSTa pratIta ho jA yagI rogIkI sevA karanA atyanta satkarma hai| pravRttimArgagAmI koI vyakti yadi vaha satkarma karegA to usake hRdayameM parAye hitakI kAmanA avazya hI rahegI, kintu sAtha hI sAtha apane hitakI kAmanA-arthAt yaza aura sammAna pAnekI kAmanA bhI bhItara hI bhItara rahegI, aura usakA phala kabhI kabhI aisA hI ho sakatA hai ki jise koI dekhane sunanevAlA nahIM hai, aura jisakI sevA karanese use koI dekhegA nahIM, vaha yoMhI par3A rahegA, aura jisakI sevA karanekI utanI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, kintu usakI sevA kI jAya to use dasa AdamI dekheMge-usakI pahale sevA aura dakharekha kI jaaygii| aura, agara nivRttimArgagAmI koI aise kAmakA vrata legA to vaha kevala parAye hitakI kAmanAse prerita hokara kAma kregaa| vaha kartavyapAlana karanese utpanna hone

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tIsarA adhyAya ] antarjagat / 57 vAle sukhake sivA aura kisI lAbhakI AkAMkSA nahIM karegA, isIkAraNa vahI vidhipUrvaka yathocita kAma karanemeM samartha hogA / agara koI kahe ki pravRttimArgagAmI logoMnehI karmakSetra meM Agraha aura udyamake sAtha kAma karake nAnAvidha viSaya - sukhake upAyoMkA AviSkAra karaneke dvArA acchI taraha manuSyajAtikA hitasAdhana kiyA hai, nivRttimArgagAmiyoMne vaisA kucha nahIM kiyA, to use smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki una saba sukhoMke upAya rahane para bhI jaba koI AdamI asAdhya rogase kAtara, duHsaha zokase Akula, yA dustara nirAzA ke sAgara meM nimagna hotA hai, taba nivRttimArgagAmiyoMke hI ati ujjvala jIvanake dRSTAnta usake ghane andhakArase Dhake hue cittako kucha prakAzita kara sakate haiM, aura kevala unhIM kI gaharI vicArazaktise utpanna zAstropadeza usake lie zAntilAbhakA upAya hote haiM / hamArI icchA jisameM bilkula hI pravRttimArgamukhI na hokara kucha kucha nivRttimArgamukhI bhI ho, aisA yatna sabhIko karanA caahie| yaha AzaMkA karakA koI kAraNa nahIM hai ki usase manuSya niSkarmA ho jA sakatA hai| hamArI saba svArthapara pravRttiyA~ itanI prabala haiM ki nivRttike abhyAsase unakI jar3a ukhar3ane kI koI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai / bar3A yatna karanese vaha kevala kucha kucha zAnta bhara ho sakatI hai, aura aisA hInese jagatkA upakAra hI hogA, apakAra nahIM / aneka loga kahate haiM ki ucca aura nIca, parArthapara aura svArthapara, nivRttimAgamukhI aura pravRttimArgamukhI, saba prakArake bhAva aura sabhI prakArakI icchAe~ manuSyake prayojanakI cIja haiM, aura una sabhIke yathAyogya vikAsa aura sAmaJjasyake sAtha kAma karanA manuSyake pUrNatA prApta karanekA lakSaNa hai ( 9 ) / saMsAra meM samaya samaya para aisA hotA hai ki svArthapara bhAva aura nIca icchAse prerita kArya AtmarakSA ke lie atyanta Avazyaka ho par3ate haiM / jaise, jaba eka AdamI dUsareko akAraNa mAra DAlane A rahA hai, usa samaya usa AtatAyIko coTa pahu~cA kara yA usakI hatyA karake AtmarakSA karanI hotI (1) sva 0 baMkimacandra caTarjI ke 'kRSNacaritra' kA dUsarA saMskaraNa, 4 pRSTha, dekho /

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jJAna aura karma | [ prathama bhAga hai / kintu lAcAra aura nirupAya ho kara AtmarakSA ke usa prakArake kAmakA sahArA liyA jAtA hai, aura vaha eka prakArakA Apaddharma hai / pRthvI para bure AdamI haiM, isIse bhale AdamiyoMko bhI samaya samaya para vivaza hokara bure kAma karane par3ate haiM / kintu isI kAraNase vaise kArya yA vaise kAryoMke uttejaka bhAvoM yA icchAoMkA anumodana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / ve saba bhAva yA icchAe~ manuSyake manameM prakaTa avazya hotI haiM, kintu unakI prabalatA nIca prakRtikA lakSaNa hai, aura unheM zAnta rakhanA subuddhikA kartavya hai / krodha, pratihiMsA, vidveSa Adi bhAva jaba manuSyake manameM udita hote haiM, anekoMke manameM sthAna pAte haiM, aura aneka samaya kArya karate haiM, taba ve ghoSaNake yogya haiM, yaha bAta agara kahI jAya, to yaha bhI kahanA par3egA ki manuSya ke nAkhUna aura dA~ta haiM, aura asabhya jAtiyA~ pazuoM kI taraha zatru para AkramaNa kara -- meM unakA vyavahAra karatI haiM aura ve unake kAma Ate haiM, isa lie manu-yako bhI nAkhUna aura dA~toMkA vaisA hI vyavahAra sIkhanA caahie| matalaba yaha ki manuSya jitanA hI nIcekI zreNIse UparakI zreNI meM uThatA hai utanA hI nikRSTa prakRti chor3a kara utkRSTa prakRtiko grahaNa karatA hai / yaha bAta ThIka. nahIM hai ki bhale-bure saba tarahake guNoMkA yathAyogya vikAsa manuSyakI sarvAM - gIna pUrNatA ke lie Avazyaka hai / parantu jaba taka pRthvIke sabhI loga bhale na. ho jAyeMge, jaba taka kucha bure loga raheMge, taba taka koI pUrNa rUpase bhalA. nahIM ho sakegA, taba taka bureke saMsargase bhaleko bhI kucha burA honA hI hogA, aura bureke damanake lie, yA bureke dvArA apanA yA aurakA jo aniSTa hotA hai use rokaneke lie, bhaleko bhI lAcAra ho kara anyakA aniSTa karanevAle, kAma karane par3eMge / kintu anyakA aniSTa karanekI icchAkA damana karanA aura yathAzakti anyakA aniSTa karanese nivRtta rahanA sabakA kartavya hai / 58 1 isa tarahake yatna aura zikSAke dvArA loga krodha, pratihiMsA, vidveSa Adi bhAvoMko bhUla jA kara AtmarakSA meM asamartha ho jAya~ge, aisI AzaMkA karanekA prayojana nahIM hai / saba svArthapara pravRttiyA~ itanI prabala haiM ki unake ekadama lupta honekI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai / kintu yadi bahuta yatna, zikSA aura abhyAsake. phalase bIca bIca meM do-cAra manuSya ina saba pravRttiyoM ko bhUla jA sakeM to kahanA hogA ki unhoMne hI pUrNa manuSyatva prApta kiyA hai| 1

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tIsarA adhyAya] antrjgt| ___ aura eka bAta hai| saMsArameM bhale aura bure donoM tarahake AdamI haiM ! jitanI hI bhale AdamiyoMkI saMkhyA bar3hatI hai utanA hI samaSTirUpase saMsAra bhalA ho uThatA hai / kevala yahI nahIM, bhale AdamI jitanI adhika mAtrAmeM sadguNasaMpanna aura asadguNahIna hote haiM utanA hI sArA saMsAra adhikatA bhalA ho jAtA hai| ThaMDA aura garma pAnI milAnese jesai ThaMDA pAnI garma pAnIko kucha ThaMDA karatA hai aura garma pAnIko ThaMDe pAnIko kucha garma karatA hai, aura vaha mizrita jala gunagunA raha jAtA hai, vaise hI bure AdamIke saMsargase bhale AdamIko bhI kucha burA bananA par3atA hai, aura bhale AdamIke saMsargase bure AdamIko bhI kucha bhalA bananA par3atA hai| aura, jalakI garmI jaise kramazaH svabhAvase hI kama ho AtI hai vaise hI burAI bhI kramazaH ghaTa jaaygii| taba saMpUrNa manuSyasamAjakI gati kramazaH unnatimA-- rgamukhI hogii| icchAke dvArA prerita hokara manuSya kAma karanekA prayatna yA ceSTA karatA hai| prayatna yA ceSTA antarjagatkI antima kriyA hai, aura bahirjagatkI arthAt dehakI aura anyAnya vastuoMkI sahAyatAse vaha saMpanna hotI hai / prayatnakA jJAnakI apekSA karmake sAtha adhikatara nikaTa-sambandha hai, kintu antarjagatkI kriyA honeke kAraNa jJAnavibhAgameM, isa antarjagatsambandhI adhyAyameM bhI usakA ullekha Avazyaka hai| prayatna yA ceSTAmeM manuSya svatantra hai yA paratantra, isa bAtako lekara dArzanikoMmeM-khAsakara pAzcAtya dArzanikoMmeM bahuta kucha matabheda hai| karmavibhAgameM, 'kartAke svatantratA hai yA nahIM' nAmake adhyAyameM, isakI kucha AlocanA hogii| yahA~para itanA hI kaheMge ki yadyapi pahale jAna par3atA hai ki ceSTAmeM kartA svatantra hai, kintu kucha socakara dekhanese jAna par3atA hai ki kartA svatantra nahIM hai| ceSTA pUrvavartI icchAkA anukaraNa karatI hai, aura vaha icchA pUrva-zikSA aura pUrva-abhyAsake dvArA nirUpita hotI hai| aisA hai to aneka loga kaheMge ki dharma-adharma aura pApa-puNyake lie manuSyakI jimmedArI nahIM rhtii| yaha Apatti akhaNDanIya nahIM hai, kintu isakA khaMDana bhI nipaTa sahaja nahIM hai / isake khaMDanake lie saMkSepameM yaha bAta kahI jA sakatI hai ki kartAkI svAdhInatA yA parAdhInatAke Upara karmakA doSa-guNa yA karmakA phala

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jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga bhoga nirbhara nahIM hai| hA~, kartAkA doSa-guNa aura samAjakA diyA huA daNDa aura puraskAra avazya nirbhara hai| bure karmako burA hI kahanA hogA, aura bure karmake lie burA phala hI bhoganA hogaa| kintu kartAkI svatantratA na rahanese use doSI yA daNDanIya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| aura, vaha svatantratA agara kisI sAkSAt sambandhavAle kAraNase naSTa na hokara dUravartI kArya-kAraNa-pravAhameM naSTa huI ho, to yadyapi samAjako niyamabaddha karanevAle loga samAjarakSAke lie, kartAko usake kAryakA jimmedAra banAveMge, kintu vizvaniyantA use jimmedAra nahIM bnaaveNge| magara vizvarAjyake alaMdhya niyamake anusAra kartAko karmaphala bhoga karanA hogaa| vaha karmaphala kintu aise kauzalase avadhArita hai ki vaha kramazaH manuSyakI cittazuddhikA kAraNa hokara use supathagAmI banAvegA aura usakA pariNAma, cAhe nikaTa ho aura cAhe dUra ho, cAhe jaldI ho aura cAhe derameM ho, zubhake sivA azubha nahIM hogaa| isa uttarake Upara phira yaha Apatti ho sakatI hai ki agara kartAkI svatantratA nahIM rahI, aura bhale-bure sabhI kAmoMkA pariNAma zubha huA, to loga adharmake AcaraNase nivRtta na hoMge, aura karma-phala-bhoga bhI IzvarakI nyAyaparatAke sAtha saMgata na hogaa| kartAkI svataMtratA svIkAra na karoge to dharmakI jar3a ukhar3a jAyago, aura Izvarako nyAyI nahIM kahA jA skegaa| isa bAtakA uttara yaha hai ki karmaphalabhogakA bhaya hI adharmAcaraNako rokanake lie yatheSTa hai| kAraNa, adharmakA zIghra milanevAlA phala azubha hai, aura pariNAma sabhIkA zubha hone para bhI,duSkarma karanevAleke lie vaha zubha pariNAma sudUravartI hai / aura, agara kaho ki svatantratAvihI na kAkA karmaphala bhoganA IzvarakI nyAyaparAyaNatAke viruddha hai, to pakSAntarameM--svatantratAyukta manuSyakA karmaphalabhoga Izvarake dayA-guNake viruddha hai| kAraNa, saSTike pahale vaha to jAnate the ki kauna kyA karegA, to phira unhoMne duSkarma karanevAle aura usake kAraNa duHkhabhoga karanevAle kAkI sRSTi kyoM kI ? asalameM bAta yaha hai ki hamArA sImAbaddha jJAna Izvarake asIma guNoMkA vicAra karanemeM sarvathA asamartha hai| dehayukta apUrNa AtmA karmameM svataMtra nahIM hai| avazya hI yaha svIkAra karanA hogA ki vaha prakRtiparatantra hai| kArya-kAraNakA niyama mAnA jAya to yukti yaha bAta kahatI hai, aura AtmAse pUchane para AtmA bhI yahI uttara detA hai|

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tIsarA adhyAya ] antarjagat / kartAkA prakRti-paratantratA-vAda yadyapi eka ora asatkarmake lie dAyitvabodhameM kucha kamI kara sakatA hai, kintu dUsarI ora vaha satkarmake lie Atma gauravako kama karake aneka aniSTake Akara ahaMkArako vinaSTa karatA hai| ataeva usase manuSyakA dharmamArga saMkIrNa nahIM hotA, prazasta aura vistRta hI hotA hai|

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cauthA adhyaay| bhirjgt| >Page #87
cauthA adhyAya ] bhirjgt| mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwmom jJAtA apane antarjagatkA jo kucha ( hAla ) jAnatA hai, vaha sAkSAtsaMbaMdhase jAnatA hai, arthAt use use jAnaneke lie kisI madhyavartI vastukI sahAyatA nahIM lenI par3atI / kAraNa, usa jagahapara jJeyapadArtha jJAtAkI apanI hI eka avasthA hai| kintu bahirjagatke viSayakA jJAna usa prakArakA nahIM hai bahirjagatkI saba vastue~ hamAre cakSu-karNa Adi jJAnendriyoMko prakAza-zabda Adike dvArA spandita karatI haiM, aura taba hamArI indriyoMkI vaha spandanAvasthA eka taraha madhyasthakA kAma karatI hai| usIse hamameM usa usa vastukA jJAna utpanna hotA hai / eka dRSTAntake dvArA yaha bAta spaSTa ho sakatI hai| hama candra dekhate haiM taba caMdramAke prakAzake dvArA hamArI A~khoMmeM caMdramAkA jo pratibimba par3atA hai, vAstavameM hama vahI dekhate haiM, aura vaha pratibimba ThIka cadramAkA svarUpa hai yA nahIM, yaha bAta anya upAyase parIkSA kiye binA ThIka ThIka nahIM kahI jA sktii| jyotipazAstrake dvArA jAnA gayA hai ki caMdramAkI jo ghaTatI-bar3hatI hama dekhate haiM, vaha yathArtha hrAsavRddhi nahIM hai| caMdramA jitanA bar3A hai, pratidina utanA hI bar3A rahatA hai| kintu sUryakA prakAza bhinna bhinna bhAvase usake Upara par3atA hai, isIse vaha ghaTA-bar3hA dekha par3atA hai| itane dUrakI cIjakI bAta chor3a dekara atinikaTakI vastuko dekhanA caahie| jaise, hamAre hAthameM sthita miTTIke Tukar3e ke sambandhameM hamArA jJAna kaisA hai ? hama apanI pA~ca jJAnendriyoMke dvArA jAnate haiM ki usakA rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza aura zabda kisa prakArakA hai / kintu ina saba guNoMke bIca, hama usakA AkAra jaisA dekhate haiM vaha vaisA hI honepara bhI usake anya guNoMko hama jaisA pratyakSa karate haiM ve ThIka usIke anurUpa hai, yaha bAta nahIM kahI jA sktii| usake varNako hama zuklavarNa prakAzameM dhUsaravarNa dekhate haiM, ataeva usameM avazya hI aisA koI guNa hai, jisake melase zuklavarNa prakAza jaba hamAre cakSuko spaMdita karatA hai taba hama dhUsaravarNa dekhate haiM / kintu vaha guNa hI dhUsaravarNa hai, yaha bAta taba kaise kahI jAyagI jaba zuklakarNa prakAza usake sAtha mile vinA vaha varNa dekha nahIM par3atA / usa mRttikAkhaNDakA rasa kaSAya ( kasailA ) hai, kintu merI jIbhameM jo kasaile rasake svAdakA anubhava hotA hai use utpanna karanekA guNa mRttikAkhaNDameM rahane para bhI yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki vaha guNa kasailA svAda hai / isake sivA

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64 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga usa mRttikAkhaNDameM hamArI indriyake agocara aneka guNa raha sakate haiN| kintu hamAre pAsa jAnanekA upAya na rahaneke kAraNa hama unheM jAna nahIM paate| jaise A~khoMvAlA manuSya usa mRttikAkhaMDake rUpako dekha pAtA hai, kintu janmakA aMdhA AdamI usake varNake bAre meM kucha bhI nahIM jAna pAtA, aura yaha bhI nahIM jAna sakatA ki varNa vaise padArthakA eka guNa hai, vaise hI rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza aura zabdako chor3akara kisI chaThe indriyake guNako chaH indriyoMvAlA jIva jAna sakatA hai; kintu hama pA~ca indriyoMvAle jIva usa chaThI idriyake abhAvase usakA kucha bhI jJAna nahIM prApta kara sakate / matalaba yaha ki hamArA bahirjagatke viSayakA jJAna indriyasApekSa hai; vaha nirapekSa jJAna nahIM hai, aura svarUpajJAna bhI nahIM hai| isIkAraNa kisI kisI dArzanika (1) ke matameM prathamataH bahirjagatke astittvameM hI saMdeha hai| ve kahate haiM, hama haiM, isIse hamAre bahirjagat hai| hamane apane manakI sRSTiko bAhara Aropita karake nija nija bahirjagatkI sRSTi kara lI hai| parantu bahirjagat-viSayaka jAti aura sAdhAraNa nAma spaSTa rUpase hamArI sRSTi hai, vaha bahirjagatmeM nahIM hai / zaMkarAcAryakA mAyAvAda bhI isI zreNIkA mata hai| lekina vaha aura bhI adhika dUra jAtA hai| kAraNa, usa matake anusAra jagat mithyA hai, kevala ekamAtra brahma hI satya hai| isa jagaha para yukti kahatI hai, yaha bAta isa arthameM satya hai ki jagatkI sabhI vastue~ anitya aura parivartanazIla haiM, kevala jagatkA AdikAraNa brahma nitya aura aparivartanazIla hai| jagatke aneka viSayoMke sambandhameM hamArA jJAna bhrAntimUlaka hai| rassImeM sA~pa dekhanekI taraha, avidyA yA ajJAnake kAraNa vastukA svarUpa AvRta rahatA hai aura usameM bhinnarUpa vikSipta hotA hai| aura, usI ajJAnake kAraNa saba viSayoMkA yathArtha tattva na jAna pAkara hama saba tarahake duHkha bhogate haiN| jaise, viSaya-sukhakI anityatAko na samajhakara nitya jAnakara hama usakA anusaraNa yA pIchA karate haiM, aura usakI anityatAko kAraNa jaba vaha sukha phira nahIM pAyA jAtA, taba usase vaJcita hokara saba tarahake klezakA anubhava karate haiN| magara ye saba bAteM saca hone para bhI sampUrNa bahirjagat aura usake viSayakA sArA jJAna mithyA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| (1) yathA, barkale ( Berkeley )

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cauthA adhyAya ] bahirjagat / www.wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww pahale to jJeya aura jJAnakA mUla pramANa jJAtAkI ukti hai aura jJAtA arthAt AtmAse pUchane para yaha uttara pAyA jAtA hai ki bahirjagat aura usake viSayakA jJAna prakRta hai| yadyapi aneka sthaloM para (jaise maiM caMdra dekhatA hU~-ityAdi sthaloMpara ) AtmAkA uttara parIkSAke dvArA saMzodhanasApekSasA jAna par3atA hai tobhI saMzodhanake bAda vaha uttara jisa bhAvako dhAraNa karatA hai usase bahirjagat aura usake viSayakA jJAna satya hai-AtmAkA avabhAsamAtra yA mithyA nahIM hai -yahI pratipanna hotA hai| kAraNa, usa saMzodhanakA phala yaha hai ki bahirjagatkI jo vastu hama samajhate haiM ki pratyakSa karate haiM vaha usa vastu ke dvArA utpanna hamArI indriyakI arthAt dehakI hI dUsarI avasthA hai| kintu pahale hI ('jJAtA' zIrSaka adhyAyameM) dikhAyA jA cukA hai ki AtmA dehase bhinna hai ataeva deha jaba AtmAse bhinna hai, arthAt bahirjagatkA aMza hai, taba dehakA avasthAntara jJAna bahirjagat-viSayaka jJAna hai, aura dehakA astitva bahirjagatkA astitva hai-yaha avazya hI svIkAra karanA hogaa| parantu dehakA aisA avasthAntara ApahIse ghaTita nahIM hotA, vaha deha aura AtmAko chor3a kara anya padArthake dvArA saMghaTita hotA hai, yaha bAta AtmA jAnatA hai| ataeva dehase bhinna bahirjagat hai, yaha bAta bhI pratIyamAna hotI hai| dehabandhanase mukta, paramAtmAse yukta, pUrNatAko prApta AtmAke lie AtmA aura anAtmAke bhedakA jJAna nahIM raha sakatA, kiMtu dehayukta apUrNa AtmAke lie bahirjagat . aura usake viSayakA jJAna yathArtha kaha kara mAnanA hI hogaa| __ dUsare hama bahirjagatkI vastuke saMbaMdhameM iMdriya dvArA jo jJAna prApta karate haiM vaha usa vastukA svarUpa-jJAna nahIM sahI, use utpanna karanevAlA usa vastukA svarUpa hI to hai; ataeva vaha rassImeM sAMpa dekhanekI taraha mithyA-jJAna nahIM hai| usa jJAna aura jJeya padArthake svarUpake sAtha sAdRzya aura ghaniSTha sambandha hai| tIsare, bahirjagat-viSayaka jAti aura sAdhAraNa nAma yadyapi antarjagatmeM hI hai aura vaha jJAtAkI sRSTi hai, tathApi usake dvArA bahirjagatkA asatya honA nahIM pramANita hotA, balki usakI satyatA hI pratipanna hotI hai| kAraNa jina saba vastuoMke sambandhameM jAti yA sAdhAraNa nAmakI sRSTi huI hai unakA astitva svIkAra karanese hI bahirjagatkA astitva svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| jJAna0-5

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66 jJAna aura karma / [ prathama bhAga cauthe, Arya jAtike buddhimAn vidvAnoMkA ' mAyAvAda, ' jAna par3atA hai, atest anitya viSaya-vAsanAse nivRtta aura nitya padArtha brahmakI cintAmeM anurakta karaneke lie hI kahA gayA hai| mAyAvAdakI sRSTi honekA aura bhI eka kAraNa ho sakatA hai| vaha yaha ki advaitavAdIke matameM eka brahma hI jagatkA nimitta kAraNa aura upAdAna kAraNa hai / brahmase hI jar3a aura cetana saba padArthoMkI utpatti huI hai / brahma nitya aura aparivartanazIla hai, kintu yaha dRzyamAna jagat anitya aura parivartanazIla hai / isa kAraNa brahmase yaha jagat utpanna honA anumAna - siddha nahIM / ataeva yaha dRzyamAna jagat mithyA aura mAyAmaya yA aindrajAlika hai / -- prathamokta artha meM mAyAvAda kevala bhASAkA alaMkAra mAtra hai / usa arthameM jagatko mAyAmaya yA mithyA kahane se yaha nahIM jAna par3atA ki jagatkA astitva svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA / paramAthe arthAt brahmake sAtha tulanAmeM jagatko mithyA kaheM to kaha bhI sakate haiM, basa itanA hI samajha par3atA hai / kintu dUsarA jo kAraNa kahA gayA hai, usake anusAra jagatko mithyA kahanA yuktisiddha nahIM jAna par3atA / yadyapi brahma nitya aura jagat anitya hai, to bhI brahmazaktikI abhivyaktike dvArA jagat prakaTa hotA hai yA prakAzita hotA hai, aura vaha zakti avyakta rahane para jagat nahIM rahatA, isa bhAvase dekhA jAya to brahmakI nityatA aura jagat kI anityatAkA paraspara virodha yA asAmaJjasya nahIM dekha par3atA / aura, C brahmakA parivartana nahIM hotA, ' yaha kathana isa artha meM satya hai ki brahma apanI zakti aura icchAke sivA anya kisI kAraNase parivartita nahIM hotA / ataeva brahmakI apanI zakti aura icchAke dvArA utpanna jagat ke parivartanako asaMgata nahIM kahA jA sakatA ( 1 ) / 66 bahirjagat satya hai aura bahirjagat ke viSayakA jJAna vastukA svarUpajJAna na hone para bhI vastuke svarUpase utpanna jJAna hai," isa siddhAntameM pahu~cane para prazna uThatA hai ki bahirjagatkA upAdana kAraNa kyA hai ? aura hama bahirjagatkI vastukA jo jJAna prApta karate haiM usake sAtha usa svarUpakA kyA sambandha hai ? 8 ( 1 ) isa bAre meM paM0 prathamanAtha tarkabhUSaNapraNIta 'mAyAvAda aura paM0 kokilezvara vidyAratnapraNIta upaniSadake upadeza ' pustaka ke dUsare khaNDakI avataraNikA dekho / donoM pustakeM baMgabhASAmeM haiM / "

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cauthA adhyAya ] bahirjagat / kuMbhAra ghar3A banAtA hai, isa lie vaha ghar3ekA nimitta kAraNa hai / isa sthUla dRSTAntase yaha sahaja hI samajhameM AjAtA hai ki brahma isa jagatkA nimitta kAraNa hai| kintu kuMbhAra miTTIse ghar3A banAtA hai, aura miTTI usa ghar3ekA upAdAna kAraNa hai| brahma kisa cIjase jagatkI sRSTi karatA hai ? jagatkA upAdAna kAraNa kyA hai ? isa praznakA uttara denA atyanta sahaja nahIM hai, aura isake uttarake sambandhameM aneka mata haiN| koI koI kahate haiM, jagatke upAdAna kAraNa jar3a aura jIva haiM aura ve donoM anAdi haiN| koI kahate haiM, jIva yA AtmA paramAtmA arthAt brahmase utpanna hai, kintu jar3a aura caitanyameM itanA vaiSamya hai ki caitanyamaya brahmase jar3akI utpatti ho hI nahIM sakatI, isa lie jar3a anAdi hai aura vahI jagatkA upAdAna kAraNa hai| jar3avAdI loga kahate haiM caitanyase jar3akI sRSTi asaMbhava hai aura usakA koI pramANa bhI nahIM hai| balki jar3ase caitanyakI utpattikA pramANa jIvadehameM pAyA jAtA hai, isa lie jar3a hI jagatkA ekamAtra mUla kAraNa hai| aura, vedAntI advaitavAdI loga kahate haiM ki eka brahmase hI caitanya aura jar3a donoMkI utpatti hai, aura brahma hI jagatkA ekamAtra kAraNa hai| (1) upAdAna kAraNake sambandhame aneka mata / ina matoMko zreNIbaddha karanese dekhA jAtA hai ki ye do zreNiyoM meM baMTe hue haiN| prathama, dvaitavAda arthAt jar3a aura caitanya donoMke alaga alaga atitvakA sviikaar| dvitIya, advaitavAda arthAt ekamAtra padArthako jagatkA nimitta kAraNa aura upAdAna kAraNa maannaa| isa dvitIya zreNIke matameM bhI aura tIna vibhAga haiN|-(k) jar3AdvaitavAda, arthAt ekamAtra jar3ako hI jagatkA upAdAna kAraNa maannaa| (kha) jar3acaitanyAdvaitavAda, arthAt jar3a aura caitanya donoMke guNoMse yukta eka padArthako jagatkA upAdAna kAraNa svIkAra karanA / (ga) caitanyAdvaitavAda, arthAt caitanyako hI jagatkA ekamAtra upAdAna kAraNa maannaa| inameMse kauna mata ThIka hai, yaha kahanA kaThina hai / to bhI jar3acaitanyAdvaitavAdake viruddha prabala Apatti yaha hai ki jar3a aura caitanyake guNameM cAhe jitanA vaiSamya kyoM na ho, jar3a padArthake pratyakSa jJAnalAbhake samaya, aura hama loga jaba icchAnusAra aMgasaMcAlana karate haiM usa samaya, jAnA jAtA hai ki jar3a caitanyake Upara aura caitanya jar3ake Upara kArya kara rahA hai, aura jar3a aura

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jJAna aura karma / [prathama bhAga caitanyakA vicitra sAkSAt-sambandha bhI ghaTita hotA hai, ataeva ve bilkula hI vibhinna prakArake padArtha nahIM ho sakate / advaitavAdameM bhI jar3AdvaitavAda yuktisaMgata nahIM ho sktaa| kAraNa jar3a padArthakI saMyoga-viyoga Adi prakriyAoMke dvArA caitanyakI arthAt AtmajJAnakI utpatti acintanIya hai| jar3acaitanyAdvaitavAda bhI yuktisiddha nahIM jAna pdd'taa| kyoMki usameM anAvazyaka kalpanAgaurava doSa maujUda hai / yadi jar3a yA caitanyameMse ekake astitvakA anumAna yatheSTa hai, to phira jar3a aura caitanya donoMke guNoMse yukta eka padArthakA anumAna anAvazyaka hai| dekhA gayA hai ki akele jar3ase jagatkI sRSTi honA asaMbhava hai| kAraNa jar3ase caitanyakI utpatti bhacintanIya hai / aba dekhanA cAhie, caitanyase jar3akI sRSTi ho sakatI hai yA nhiiN| agara ho sakatI hai, to svIkAra karanA hogA ki caitanyAdvaitavAda hI sabakI apekSA ThIka aura grahaNa karane yogya mata hai| yadyapi pahale caitanyase jar3akI utpatti bhI jar3ase caitanyakI utpattikI taraha acintanIyaM jAna par3atI hai, lekina kucha soca kara dekhanese mAlUma hotA hai ki yaha bAta pahalI bAtakI taraha utanI asaMgata yA asaMbhava nahIM hai| kAraNa, jar3ake astitvakA pramANa hI jJAtAkA jJAna, arthAt caitanyakI eka avasthA hai| hamAre isa kathanakA yaha matalaba nahIM hai ki jJAtAke jJAnake bAhara jar3akA astitva nahIM hai / hama kevala yahI kaha rahe haiM ki jar3ake aura caitanyake mUlameM itanA sA aikya hai ki unake bIca jJeya aura jJAtAkA sambandha saMbhavapara hai| yaha bAta kahanese avazya prazna hogA ki agara yahI hai to phira hama jar3ase caitanyakI utpattiko asaMbhava kyoM mAnate haiM ? isa praznakA uttara pahale hI diyA jA cukA hai| hama jise jar3a kahate haiM usameM caitanyakA pradhAna guNa, arthAt AtmajJAna, nahIM hai| isa uttarakA pratyuttara ho sakatA hai ki agara caitanyakA pradhAna guNa AtmajJAna jar3ameM na dekha par3aneke kAraNa jar3ase caitanyakI utpatti asaMbhava kahate ho, to udhara jar3akA pradhAna guNa, deza yA sthAnameM vyApakatA, caitanyameM na dekha par3ane para bhI caitanyase jar3akI utpatti kaise saMbhava kahI jA sakatI hai ? isa ApattikA khaMDana karaneke lie yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki kucha soca kara dekhanese samajhameM A jAtA hai ki " deza yA sthAnameM vyApakatAkA guNa jar3ameM dekha par3atA hai, caitanyameM nahIM dekha par3atA," yaha

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cauthA adhyAya ] bahirjagat / kathana saMpUrNa rUpase ThIka nahIM hai| vikhyAta dArzanika paNDita 'kAnTa' ke matameM, bahirjagatmeM deza-padArtha hai hI nahIM, vaha kevala jJAtAke antarjagatse utpanna hai| yaha bAta agara saca ho to isase ukta ApattikA khaNDana sahajameM hI ho gyaa| hama kAnTake ukta matako ThIka nahIM kahate, kintu hamAre matameM 'sthAnameM sthiti ' jar3a aura caitanya donoMkA hI lakSaNa hai| __ yaha to huA dArzanikoMkA tarka / aba yaha dekhanA cAhie ki caitanya hI bahirjagatkA upAdAna kAraNa hai, arthAt caitanyAdvaitavAda hI grahaNa karane yogya mata hai, isa sambandhameM koI vaijJAnika pramANa yA yukti hai ki nhiiN| vaijJAnikoMmeMse aneka loga ina saba bAtoMko hamAre jJAnakI sImAke bAhara kahakara ur3A dete haiN| unameMse jinhoMne isa viSayakA anuzIlana kiyA hai ve bhI yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki hama kisI siddhAnta para pahu~ce haiM yA nhiiN| hA~, unakI bAtacItake DhaMgase yahA~taka AbhAsa pAyA jAtA hai ki jise hama jar3a kahate haiM vaha vAstavameM jar3a nahIM hai, vaha nirantara gatizIla Ithara (ether) meM sthita zaktikendrapuJja hai (1) / eka vaijJAnika (2) itanI dUra gaye haiM ki unake matameM jar3a jo hai vaha zaktisamaSTi hai, paramANuoMke vizleSaNase zaktikA udbhava ho sakatA hai, aura naI AviSkRta reDiyama dhAtu ( Radium ) kI kriyA isI zreNIkA kArya hai| caitanyase jar3akI utpattikA siddhAnta mAnane para aura eka prazna uThatA hai, usake sambandhameM bhI kucha kahanA Avazyaka hai| vaha prazna yaha hai ki agara caitanyase jar3akI utpatti huI to phira caitanyakA AtmajJAna jar3ase kahA~ calA gayA ? isa praznake uttarameM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jar3apadArtha zaktisamaSTi hone para bhI jaise vaha zakti usameM pracchanna bhAvase rahatI hai, kevala vizeSa vizeSa avasthAmeM hI vaha prakaTa hotI hai, vaise hI AtmajJAna bhI usameM pracchanna bhAvase hai, aura avasthAvizeSameM usakA AbhAsa pAyA jA sakatA hai| DAkTara jagadIzacandra vasu (3) kI gaveSaNA bhI kucha kucha isI matako puSTa karatI hai| (1) Karl Pearson's Grammar of Science, 2nd ed. Ch. VII dekho| (2) Gustave Le Bon's Evolution of Matter dekho| (3) Response in the Living and Non-Living dekho|

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AAAMAN 70 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga agara yahI bAta ThIka hai to phira jar3ase caitanyakI utpatti svIkAra karane meM Apatti kyA hai ?-yaha bAta agara koI mahAzaya kaheM to usakA uttara yaha hai ki jisa jar3ase caitanyakA vikAsa ho sakatA kahA jAtA hai vaha caitanyasaMbhUta jar3a hai, jaDavAdIkA jar3a nahIM hai, arthAt jisa jar3ameM pahale caitanyakA koI saMsarga nahIM thA vaha jar3a nhiiN| jar3AdvaitavAda aura caitanyAdvaitavAda ina donoM matoMmeM bheda yaha hai ki pahale matameM jar3a hI sRSTikA mUlakAraNa hai aura caitanya jar3ase utpanna hai, aura dUsare matameM caitanya hI sRSTikA mUla kAraNa hai aura jar3a caitanyase utpanna hai| aba isakI kucha AlocanA Avazyaka hai ki jJeyavastuke svarUpa aura usake jJAnakA paraspara kyA sambandha hai| jJeya vastukA svarUpa aura usake viSayakA jJAna donoM eka hI prakArake padArtha haiM, yaha bAta antarjagatkI vastuke sambandhameM satya ho sakatI hai| kintu yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki vaha bahirjagatkI vastuke sambandhameM bhI samAnabhAvase satya hai / maiM apane smRtipaTalameM kisI anupasthita mitrakI jo mUrti dekhatA hU~ vaha antarjagatkI vastu aura usake viSayakA jJAna eka hI padArtha hai| usa mitrake sAmane upasthita rahanepara usakI jo mUrti meM pratyakSa karatA hU~ vaha aura usake viSayakA jJAna eka hI tarahakA padArtha ho sakatA hai| kintu usa mitrake madhura svarako sunanekA jJAna aura usa svarakA svarUpa, athavA usa mitrake diye hue kisI khUba mIThe phalake svAdakA jJAna aura usa svAdako prakaTa karanevAle rasakA svarUpa, donoM eka hI prakArake padArtha haiM, aisA anumAna nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| hA~, pakSAntarameM, yaha bAta bhI nahIM kahI jA sakatI ki bahirjagat-viSayaka jJAna aura bAhya vastuke svarUpameM koI ghaniSTha sambandha nahIM hai, athavA bahirjagat mithyA hai aura usake viSayakA jJAna mAyAmaya aura prAntimUlaka hai| aisA kahA jAya to yaha svIkAra karanA par3egA ki sRSTikartAkA kArya eka viSama pratAraNA hai| bAhyavastukA svarUpa aura indriyadvArA prApta usake viSayakA jJAna, donoM bhinna prakArake padArtha hone para bhI paraspara ghaniSTharUpase sambaddha rahate haiM / jaise jJAnakI spaSTatAkA tAratamya jJeya vastuke guNa yA jJAna utpanna karanevAlI

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cauthA adhyAya ] bahirjagat / 71 zaktikI nyUnatA yA adhikatAkA jJApaka hai aura jJeyavastuke abhAvameM usake viSayake jJAnakA bhI abhAva hotA hai| jJeya vastukA svarUpa aura usase utpanna jJAnakA pArthakya, rasanA ghrANa aura zravaNendriyase prApta jJAnake sambandhameM hI vizeSa rUpase pratIta hotA hai| darzanendriya aura sparzandriyase prApta AkRtike jJAna aura AkRtike svarUpakA pArthakya utanA spaSTa anumita nahIM hotaa| __ bahirjagatke jJeyavastuviSayaka jJAnalAbhake sAtha sAtha buddhi jo hai vaha una una vastuoMkI jAtikA vibhAga karatI hai| pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki vaha jAti kevala nAma nahIM hai, vaha usa jAtike vastusamUhakI sAdhAraNa guNasamaSTi hai| jAti, bahirjagatmeM, usa jAtikI vastuse alaga rUpameM nahIM hai| jAtIya guNoMkI samaSTi jAtikI pratyeka vastu meM hai / jAti kevala antarjagatkA padArtha hai / jAtiviSayaka jJAna aura jAtikA svarUpa, ina donoMmeM pArthakyakA honA jAna nahIM pdd'taa| (2) bahirjagatke saba viSayoMkA shrenniivibhaag| bahirjagatke saba viSayoMko zreNIbaddha kiyA jAya, to kaI praNAliyoMse vaha kiyA jA sakatA hai| bahirjagat-viSayaka jJAna indriyadvArA prApta hai; ataeva bahirjagatke saba viSayoMko hamArI pA~ca jJAnendriyoMke rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza, zabda ina pA~ca prakArake viSayoMke anusAra zreNIbaddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| ___ athavA bahirjagatkI saba vastue~ cetana, udbhid , yA acetana haiM, isI lie ina tIna zreNiyoM meM unakA vibhAga kiyA jA sakatA hai| athavA bahirjagatkI saba vastuoMke parasparake kArya aneka prakArake haiM, jaise bhautika, rAsAyanika aura jaivika, isI lie bhautika, rAsAyanika aura jaivika, ina zreNiyoMmeM ve bA~Te jA sakate haiN| jar3apadArthakI jina saba kriyAoMke dvArA unakI bhItarI prakRtikA parivatana na hokara kevala bAharI AkRti AdikA parivartana hotA hai unheM Upara bhautika (1) kriyA kahA gayA hai / isake dRSTAnta-choTI vastuko khIMcakara (1) a~garejI " Physical " zabdakA pratizabda /

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jJAna aura karma / jJAna aura [prathama bhAga yA pITakara bar3A karanA, garma cIjako ThaMDhA aura ThaMDI cIjako garma karanA, kar3I cIjako galAkara patalA karanA, ityAdi haiN| jar3apadArthakI jina saba kriyAoMke dvArA unakI bhItarI prakRtikA parivartana hotA hai unheM rAsAyanika kriyA (1) kahate haiN| isake dRSTAnta-tA~be aura mahAdrAvakake melase tUtiyekI utpatti, gandhaka aura pAreke melase siMgaraphakI utpatti, ityAdi haiN| sajIva udbhid vRkSa Adi athavA cetana padArthake jo saba kArya hote haiM unheM jaivika (2) kriyA kahate haiN| isake dRSTAnta-mRttikA aura vAyuse padArtha lekara udbhidkI puSTi, khAdya padArthase sajIva dehameM raktamAMsakI utpatti, ityAdi haiN| ___ ukta kriyAoM meM aura bhI avAntara vibhAga haiN| jaise-bhautika kriyAoMmeM kucha uttApa-janita haiM, kucha vaidyutika haiM, ityaadi| jaivika kriyAoMmeM kucha ajJAnajaivika haiM, kucha sajJAna-jaivika haiM / sajJAna-jaivikoMmeM kucha mAnasika haiM, kucha naitika haiM, ityaadi| __ isa taraha bahirjagatkI saba vastue~ yA viSaya aneka DhaMgoMse zreNIbaddha kiye jA sakate haiN| unameMse jo DhaMga yA praNAlI jisa AlocanAke lie suvidhAjanaka ho usa jagaha usIkA sahArA lenA caahie| (1) bahirjagatke viSayoMke sambandhame do eka vizeSa baateN| bahirjagatkI saba jar3a vastuoMkI AlocanA karate samaya nimnalikhita do prazna upasthita kiye jA sakate haiM___ prathama-bahirjagatkI saba jar3a vastue~ mUlameM eka tarahakI haiM, yA aneka tarahake padArthoMse gaThita haiM ? aura agara eka tarahake padArthase gaThita haiM to vaha eka padArtha kyA hai? dvitIya-bahirjagatkI jar3a vastuoMkI kriyAe~ mUlameM aneka tarahakI haiM, yA eka tarahakI haiM ? aura agara eka prakArakI haiM to vaha prakAra kyA hai ? . pahale aisA jAna par3egA ki pahale jagatke upAdAna kAraNake sambandhameM jo kahA gayA hai, Upara prathama praznameM, vahI bAta uThAI jA rahI hai| (1) a~garejI " Chemical " zabdakA pratizabda / (2) a~garejI " Biological " zabdakA prtishbd|

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cauthA adhyAya ] bahirjagat / bh3 magara vAstava meM yaha bAta nahIM hai / jagatkA upAdAnakAraNa kyA hai ? -- isa pUrvokta praznakA uddezya hai isa bahuta bar3e tattvakA nirNaya karanA ki yaha jagat mUlameM kevala jar3ase, yA kevala caitanyase, athavA jar3a aura caitanyase spaSTa huA hai, kintu vartamAna prazna ki " bahirjagat kI saba jar3a vastue~ mUlameM bhinna bhinna yA eka prakArake padArthase gaThita haiM ? " pahaleke praznakI apekSA bahuta * saMkIrNa hai, aura isakA uddezya hai isa tattvakA nirNaya karanA ki saba jar3a padArtha mUlameM anekavidha yA ekavidha jar3ase utpanna haiM, aura vaha anekavidha yA ekavidha jar3a kisa prakArakA hai ? durUha dArzanika tattvakI khoja chor3a dene para bhI apekSAkRta susAdhya vaijJAnika anusandhAnake dvArA isa antima praznakA uttara pAnekI ora kucha dUra agrasara huA jA sakatA hai / aura paralokake viSayakI cintAse nivRtta hone para bhI, aihika vyApArake lie isa praznakI AlocanAkA prayojana hai / aneka samaya eka vastuse dUsarI vastu utpanna karanA Avazyaka hotA hai, aura sulabha vastuko durlabha vastuke rUpameM badalanA sabhI samaya vAJchanIya hai / khAda aura pAnIse vRkSa - latA AdikA rasa, aura usase adhika mAtrAmeM unake patte - phUla-phala utpanna karanA aneka samaya Avazyaka hotA hai / jaba pRthvI para logoMkI saMkhyA thor3I thI, taba binA yatnake Apa hI Apa utpanna phala-mUla aura zikAra meM milA huA mAMsa hI yatheSTa thA / isa samaya lokasaMkhyA bar3ha jAneke kAraNa udbhijja vastuse utpanna ( anna, sAga-sabjI vagairaha ) AhArakA parimANa bar3hAnA Avazyaka ho gayA hai, aura usake lie yaha jAnane kI AvazyakatA hai ki kaisI khAda denese vaha uddezya saphala hogA / tA~bA, zIzA Adi kama kImatI dhAtuoMko sonA banA sakanA sabhI samaya vAcchanIya hai, aura isake lie aneka dezoM meM aneka samaya bahuta kucha ceSTA huI hai / ina saba kAmoM meM saphalatA pAneke lie pahale yaha jAna lenA cAhie ki hama jisa vastuko dUsarI vastuke rUpameM badalanA cAhate haiM, ve donoM vastue~ mUlameM eka prakArakI haiM yA bhinna prakArakI haiN| agara mUlameM ve bhinna prakArakI haiM to vAJchita parivartana asAdhya hai / agara mUlameM donoM vastu eka prakArakI haiM to yaha anu * sandhAna karanA cAhie ki kisa prakriyAke dvArA eka vastu dUsarI vastuke rUpameM badalI jA sakatI hai| rasAyanazAstra aura udbhidvidyAkI AlocanA karake jAnA gayA hai ki udbhid arthAt vRkSa-latA Adise utpanna khAdyameM yavakSArajana 6

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[prathama bhAga jJAna aura krm| 74 mom vAyu pracura mAtrAmeM rahatA hai| ataeva vaha vAyu jaisI khAda denese vRkSa-bela Adi udbhidoMmeM pracura mAtrAmeM praveza kara sake aura Thahara sake, vaisI hI khAda denI cAhie / abhItaka yaha nahIM jAnA gayA hai ki aura anya dhAtue~ mUlameM eka padArthase utpanna haiM ki nhiiN| isI kAraNa abhItaka yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki aura dhAtuoMse sonA banAyA jA sakatA hai yA nhiiN| rasAyanazAstrake anusAra saba prakArake jar3a padArtha anyUna 70 prakArake jude jude maulika padArthomeMse eka yA ekase adhika padArthoMke melase utpanna hue haiM, aura suvarNa tathA anyAnya saba dhAtue~ eka eka maulika padArtha haiM / yaha bAta agara ThIka hai to dUsarI dhAtukA sonA nahIM bana sktaa| kintu isa samaya koI koI rasAyanazAstrake jJAtA paNDita (1) aisA AbhAsa dete haiM ki hama jina padArthoMko bhinna bhinna maulika padArtha kahate haiM, ve paraspara ekadama itane alaga nahIM haiM ki ekako dUsarekA rUpa denA asaMbhava kahA jA ske| magara abataka aise parivartanako koI sAdhya nahIM kaha sakA hai| sabhI maulika padArtha apane apane prakArake paramANuoMkI samaSTi haiN| yahI rasAyanazAstra dvArA anumodita tattva hai| kintu koI koI vaijJAnika paNDita aisA AbhAsa dete haiM ki paramANu bhI vyoma yA ItharakI cakkara lagA rahI kendrasamaSTi haiN| bahirjagatke jar3a padArthokI saba kriyAoMpara najara DAlanese mAdhyAkarSaNa kriyA, rAsAyanika AkarSaNa kriyA, tApa-ghaTita kriyA, prakAza-ghaTita kriyA, vaidyutika kriyA Adi aneka prakArakI vicitra kriyAe~ dekha par3atI haiM, aura pahale ve paraspara vibhinna hI jAna par3atI haiN| kintu vaijJAnika paNDita ina saba kriyAoMkI ekatA sthApita karaneke lie bahuta kucha prayAsa kara rahe haiM, aura unakI ceSTA kucha kucha saphala bhI huI hai| yaha bAta bahuta dinoMse loga jAnate haiM ki tApa jo hai vaha gati yA gatikA vega rokanese utpanna hotA hai| araNikASThako ghisakara yA cakamaka pattharameM lohA Thokakara Aga nikAlanA isa bAtake dRSTAnta haiN| sATha varSa hue meJcesTara nagarake DAkTara jUlane jA~ca karake yaha nirNaya (1) jaise Sir William Ramsay. vizeSa jAnanA ho to inhIM sAhabakA ssays Biographical and Chemical, P. 191 dekho|

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cauthA adhyAya] bahirjagat / 75 kara diyA hai ki kitanI gati yA gatirodhase kitanA yA kitanI DigarI tApa paidA hotA hai / unnIsavIM zatAbdIke AraMbhameM DAkTara yaMgane yaha sAbita kara diyA thA ki prakAza bhI koI vastu nahIM hai, balki vastuvizeSa arthAt ItharakA spandana yA gati hai| yahI mata abataka sarvasammata ho rahA hai| aura klArka maiksavela sAhaba isa bAtako eka prakArase pramANita kara cuke haiM ki prakAzavaTita kriyA aura vaidyutika kriyAmeM bahuta ghaniSTha sambandha hai| kintu yaha aba taka koI bhI nahIM kaha sakA ki mAdhyAkarSaNa bhI ItharakI kisI prakArakI keyA hai| jo kucha ho, AzA kI jA sakatI hai ki vijJAnake anuzIlana dvArA kesI samaya yaha pramANita ho jAyagA ki jar3a jagatkI sabhI kriyAe~ Itharake spandana yA gatise utpanna haiM (.) / aura, aisI AzA bhI ho sakatI hai ke "jar3a padArtha bhI usI IzvarakI ghUrNAyamAna kendrisamaSTi hai," yaha eka dena siddha ho jaaygaa| kintu yahA~ para kucha kaThina prazna uThate haiN| jisakI taraMga yA nartana yA spandana ( kyoMki vaha gati kisa prakArakI hai, yaha koI abhI taka ThIka nahIM kaha sakA) se tApa, Aloka, vidyut AdikI kriyAe~ utpanna hotI haiM, jisakA ghUrNAyamAna kendra hI paramANuoMkA upAdAna kAraNa hai-aura vahI kendrasamaSTi jar3a padArthake rUpameM pratIyamAna hotI hai, vaha Ithara kisa prakArakA padArtha hai ? sthUla jar3ake sAtha zaktikA jaise sambandha hai, vaisA hI Itharake sAtha zaktikA sambandha hai yA nahIM ? jaba usa ItharameM gati hai taba vaha gati saMkoca aura prasArake dvArA saMpanna hotI hai yA anya kisI prakArase ? agara ItharameM saMkoca-prasArakA honA saMbhava hai, taba usake bhItara zUnya sthAna rahanA cAhie; to phira vaha vizvavyApI kaise ho sakatA hai ? phira vaha sthUla jar3apadArthake. bhItara vyApta hai; kintu vaha vyApti bhI kaise niSpanna hotI hai ?--ina saba praznoMkA uttara denA abhItaka vijJAnakI zaktike bAhara hI hai| asala bAta yaha hai ki vijJAnakalpita Ithara indriyagocara padArtha nahIM hai| magara hA~, prakAza, bijalI cumbaka AdikI indriyagocara kriyAoMke kAraNakI khoja karanemeM, ItharakA astitva anumAna-siddha jAna par3atA hai| (1) Preston's Theory of Light, introduction P. 26 dekho|

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jJAna aura karma / [ prathama bhAga IzvaravAdI logoMkA yahI mata hai ki eka sRSTi karanevAlese saba jagatkI sRSTi huI hai| udhara eka prakArakI vastu yA alpa prakArakI vastuse aneka prakArakI vastu utpanna honA hI nirIzvaravAdiyoMke mata se sRSTikrama hai| donoM hI matoMmeM ekase anekakI utpatti sRSTiprakriyAkA mUlatattva hai / kisa kisa praNAlIse, kisa kisa niyama se, ve saba kriyAe~ calatI hai, isakA anuzIlana hI vijJAna- darzanakA uddezya hai / ve saba praNAliyA~ yA niyama jAna sakane para hama usake viparIta kramakA anusaraNa karake anekase eka taka phira pahu~ca sakate haiM / ekase anekakI utpattikI praNAlIkA nirUpaNa aura usake dvArA anekase ekameM phira lauTa AnA hI jJAnakA carama uddezya hai / 76 kintu smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki koI kriyApraNAlI jAnI rahanese hI usake viparIta kramakA anusaraNa sahaja yA sAdhya nahIM kahA jA sakatA / eka garma aura eka ThaMDI cIja paraspara milAkara kucha dera rakhanese ekakI garmI kucha kama hokara aura dUsarekI ThaMDaka kucha bar3hakara donoMkA uttApa samAna ho jAtA hai / kintu dUsarI vastukI naI AI huI garmI bAhara nikAlakara use pahalI vastumeM phira sthApita karanA sahaja nahIM hai / bahirjagatmeM jar3akI saba kriyAe~ sthUlapadArthakI aura IthararUpI sUkSma padArtha - kI gati se saMpanna hotI haiM / ataeva gatike bAremeM alocanA honA atyanta Avazyaka hai| gaNitakI sahAyatAse gati-viSayaka zAstrAne atyanta vismayajanaka vistAra pAyA hai / yaha zAstra hamArI kSudra pRthivIke padArthoMse lekara ananta vizvake sudUravartI graha-tArA Adise sambandha rakhanevAle tattvakA nirNaya karane meM lagAyA jArahA hai / isa samaya prazna uThatA hai ki usa gatikA mUla kAraNa kyA hai ? koI koI kahate haiM, vaha sthUla padArthake upAdAna kAraNa jo paramANupuJja haiM unakA yA ItharakA svabhAvasiddha dharma hai / koI kahate haiM, vaha jagatka AdikAraNa caitanyakI icchA hai / aneka dArzanikoMkA yahI mata hai / kintu koI koI vaijJAnika isakI ha~sI ur3Ate haiM ( 1 ) / gatikA kAraNa zakti hai, aura usa zaktikA mUla anAdi ananta caitanya zakti hai / yahI bAta yuktisiddha par3atI hai| ( 1 ) Pearson's Grammar of Science, Ch. IV dekho /

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cauthA adhyAya ] bhirjgt| 77 yahA~taka kevala jar3ajagatkI bAta ho rahI thii| jIvajagatkA mAmalA aura bhI vicitra hai / jIvajagatke do bhAga kiye jA sakate haiM-eka udbhijjavibhAga aura dUsarA praannivibhaag| ina donoM bhAgoMmeM jar3akI gati utpanna karanevAlI zaktikI kriyAke alAvA aura eka zreNIkI kriyAe~ dekha par3atI haiM-jaise janma, vRddhi aura mRtyu / inheM jaivika kriyA kahate haiN| prANivibhAgameM inake sivA aura bhI eka zreNIkI kriyAe~ dekha par3atI haiM--jaise icchAnusAra jAnA AnA aura apanA uddeza siddha karanekA prayatna / inheM sajJAna-jaivikakriyA kahA jA sakatA hai| jar3ajagatke saMbaMdhameM jaise prazna uTha sakatA hai ki vaha mUlameM eka tarahakI vastuse gaThita hai yA aneka tarahakI vastuoMse gaThita hai aura usakI saba kriyAe~ mUlameM eka haiM yA bhinna prakAra kI haiM, vaise hI jIvajagatke sambandhameM bhI prazna uThatA hai ki hama jina saba aneka prakArake jIvoMko dekha pAte haiM ve saba eka tarahake jIvase, yA bhinna bhinna prakArake vividha jIvoMse utpanna haiM ? aura jIvajagatkI saba kriyAe~ mUlameM eka prakArakI yA aneka prakArakI haiM ? pahale praznake do uttara pAye jAte haiN| eka yaha ki sRSTikartAne bhinna bhinna jIvoMkI alaga alaga saSTi kI hai, aura hara eka prakArake jIvase kevala usI prakArake jIva paidA huA karate haiN| dUsarA uttara yaha hai ki mUlameM do hI eka prakArake jIva the, aura unase bahuta dinoM meM aneka avasthAe~ badalate badalate kramazaH aneka prakArake jIva utpanna hue haiN| phira kucha loga itanI dUra taka jAte haiM ki unake matameM jar3ase hI jIvakI utpatti huI hai| Upara kahe gaye matako kramavikAsavAda yA vivartavAda kahate haiN| prasiddha jIvatattvake jJAtA paNDita DArvinane isa matakA samarthana karaneke lie bahuta khoja kI hai| isa matake anukUla aneka bAteM haiN| unameMse do-eka yahA~ para kahI jAtI haiN| udbhijjagatmeM dekhA jAtA hai ki kisI kisI jAtike vRkSa-latA AdikI avasthAke parivartanase unake phUla-phalakI vizeSa unnati yA avanati hotI hai| jaise, geMdeke per3akI kaI bAra kalama karanese usakA phUla khUba bar3A hotA hai| paJcamukhI dupahariyAke per3akI DAla agara acchI taraha dhUpa aura havA nahIM pAtI, dabAvameM par3a jAtI hai, to usameM ikaharA phUla nikalatA hai / tukhmI AmakA

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78 jJAna aura krm| [ prathama bhAga phala choTA hotA hai, magara usIkI kalamameM bar3A phala lagatA hai, jisameM guThalI choTI aura gUdA adhika hotA hai| prANiyoM meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai ki palAU jAnavaroMmeM pAlaneke itara vizeSase do-cAra pIr3hiyoM ke bAda unakI hAlata bhI bahuta kucha badala jAtI hai| jaise, acchI taraha pAlane aura rakhanese ghor3ekI cAla kramazaH teja hotI hai, bher3a aura murgeke zarIrameM kramazaH mAMsa bar3hatA hai, kabUtarakI coMca bar3I hotI hai| isake sivA kisI kisI jAtike jIva, jinakI har3iyoM aura DhIce dharatIke bhItara pAye jAte haiM, isa samaya ekadama nestanAbUda ho gaye haiN| bhUpRSTa arthAt unakI AvAsabhUmikI avasthAkA badalanA hI unake astitvake miTanekA kAraNa anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| aise dRSTAntoMko moTe taura para dekhanese kevala itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki eka jAtike jIvake avasthA-bhedase usa jAtikI unnati yA avanati yahA~taka ho sakatI hai ki usa unnati yA avanatise yukta saba jIva eka jAtike hone para bhI usa jAtimeM bhinna bhinna zreNIke jAna par3ate haiN| isake sivA yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki eka jAtikA jIva anya jAtikA ho gyaa| kramavikAsavAdako mAnanevAle loga apane matakA samarthana karaneke lie yaha kahate haiM ki jIvajagatmeM aisI adbhuta krama-paramparA dekha par3atI hai ki eka jAtikA jIva apanI nikaTasthajAtike jIvase bahuta hI thor3A alaga hai, aura kucha hI avasthAbhedase eka jAti dUsarI jAtima pahu~ca sakatI hai (1) / ve yaha bhI kahate haiM ki kisI bhI jAtike jIvoMma jo jIva parivartita avasthAmeM jIvana-saMgrAmake bIca vijaya pAne yogya prakRti aura aMga-pratyaMgase saMpanna haiM ve hI baca jAte haiM, aura jo vaisI prakRti aura aMgapratyaMgase saMpanna nahIM haiM ve vinaSTa ho jAte haiM aura, isI taraha eka jAtike jIvase, kucha hI vibhinna, anya jAtike jIvakI utpatti hotI hai| yaha kathana TIka ho sakatA hai, kintu AzcaryakA viSaya yaha hai ki kramaparaMparAse prAyaH sabhI jAtiyoMke jIva maujUda haiM; jAtivilopakI bAta dRSTAntake dvArA saMpUrNarUpase nahIM pramANita hotI / jo ho, isa bAtakA nirNaya bilkula hI sahaja nahIM hai ki kramavikAsake dvArA naI naI jAtiyoMkI sRSTi huI hai ki nhiiN| kramavikAsavAdakA prativAda bhI isa jagaha para anAvazyaka hai; kAraNa (1) Darwin's Origin of Species, Ch. I. dekho|

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cauthA adhyAya ] bahirjagat / 79 maiM aisA nahIM samajhatA ki kramavikAsakA mata mAna lenese hI manuSya nirIzvaravAdI yA jar3avAdI ho jAtA hai| kramavikAsa yA vivartta eka prakriyAmAtra hai| vaha prakriyA jisa zaktike dvArA sampanna hotI hai vaha zakti avazya hI jIvakI dehameM aura usake mUla upAdAnameM hai; aura vaha zakti jisane usameM rakkhI hai vaha Adi kAraNa hI Izvara hai| vaha AdikAraNa caitanyayukta hai, isake sambandhakI yukti aura tarkakA ullekha isa adhyAyake AdimeM hI kara diyA gayA hai| aba yaha prazna uThatA hai ki jar3ajagatkI saba kriyAe~ jaise saMbhavataH mUlameM eka tarahakI haiM, aura sthUla jar3a, paramANu aura ItharakI gati unakA mUla hai, vaise hI jIvajagatkI saba vicitra aura vividha kriyAe~ bhI mUlameM kisI eka tarahakI kriyAse utpanna haiM yA nahIM ? isa praznake do bhAga karake AlocanA karanA Avazyaka hai| kAraNa, jIvajagatkI kriyAe~ do prakArakI dekha par3atI haiM, eka ajJAnakriyA (jaise jIvadehakI vRddhi aura kSaya ) aura dUsarI sajJAnakriyA (jaise jIvakA icchAnusAra vicaranA aura uddezyasAdhanake lie ceSTA krnaa)| ajJAna jaiva ( arthAt jIvakI) kriyAke janma, vRddhi, vikAsa, kSaya aura mRtyu pradhAna prakAra haiN| eka jIvakI dehake aMzase anya jIvakI utpattiko janma kahate haiN| isake sivA anya jIvake saMsarga vinA jIvakI utpatti honeke saMbandhameM yadyapi matabheda hai, kintu vaisI utpattikA koI aisA pramANa nahIM pAyA gayA jisakA khaNDana na ho ske| kabhI kabhI eka jIvadehake kisI bhI aMzase anya jIvakI utpatti hotI hai; jaise-per3akI DAla kATakara lagA denese dUsarA kalamI per3a taiyAra hotA hai, athavA kisI kisI jAtike kIr3ekI dehake Tukar3ese dUsarA kIr3A utpanna ho jAtA hai| kintu prAyaH eka jIvakI dehake vizeSa aMzase hI anya jIvakI utpatti hotI hai, aura usa vizeSa aMzako bIja kahate haiM / vRddhi aura vikAsa donoM zabdoMke arthameM antara hai| 'vRddhi kevala dehake Ayatana ( laMbAI-caur3AI ) ke vistArako kahate haiN| kintu vikAsakA artha hai, dehake AyatanakA aisA vistAra jisase usake kAryopayogI honekI unnati ho, arthAt deha adhika kAma karaneke yogya bane / dehake Ayatana athavA kAryopayogitAkI avanatiko kSaya kahate haiM / jIvanake antakA

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jJAna aura karma / [prathama bhAga nAma vinAza yA mRtyu hai| usase dehakA tirobhAva nahIM hotA, nirjIva hokara deha par3I rahatI hai| ___ janmase mRtyutaka saba jaiva kriyAoMke lie tApa, vidyut Adi viSayaka kriyAoMkA, arthAt bhautika kriyAoMkA, aura rAsAyanika kriyAoMkA prayojana hotA hai| kintu vaha yatheSTa nahIM hai| isa sambandhameM matabheda hai| magara kucha socakara dekhanese jAna par3atA hai, ina saba kriyAoMke sivA aura kisI eka tarahakI kriyAkA saMsarga bhI hai| yaha na hotA to mUlameM sajIva-bIja yA . jIvadehAMzakA prayojana na rahatA / parantu bhautika kriyA aura rAsAyanika kriyA jisa zaktikI kriyA haiM, jaivakriyA bhI mUlameM usI zaktikI kriyA hai yA aura kisI zaktikI kriyA hai, isake uttarameM adhika matabheda nahIM hai| yaha svIkAra karane meM koI vizeSa vAdhA nahIM dekha par3atI ki ye sabhI kriyAe~ mUlameM eka hI zaktikI kriyA haiN| kintu jaivakriyAkI mUla praNAlI kaisI hai, so ThIka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kevala itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki sajIva bIja yA jIvadehAMzakI sahAyatAke binA vaha kriyA nahIM saMpanna hotI (1) / bhautika aura rAsAyanika kriyAoMkA mUla jaise sthUla jar3a padArtha, sUkSma paramANu aura ItharakI gati hai, vaise hI jaivakriyAkA mUla bhI jIvadehameM sthita paramANu aura ItharakI gati hai yA nahIM, isa praznakA uttara sahajameM nahIM diyA jA sakatA / kAraNa, isa viSayakI khoja atyanta durUha hai, aura usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki sAmAnya jar3ameM jaisA paramANu-samAvezakA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai, jIvadehameM vaha usakI apekSA bahuta vicitra aura jaTila hai| ___ ajJAna jaivakriyAke tattvakA anusandhAna jaba itanA durUha hai, taba sajJAna jaiva kriyAke tattvakA nirNaya aura bhI adhikatara kaThina mAmalA hogA, isameM koI saMdeha nhiiN| sajJAna jaiva kriyAke lie jina saba dehasaJcAlana Adi zArIrika kriyAoMkA prayojana hai, ve bhI ajJAna jaiva kriyAkI taraha haiN| kintu yaha bAta sahaja hI svIkAra nahIM kI jA sakatI ki una saba zArIrika kriyAoMko pravRtta karanevAlI jo mAnasika kriyAeM haiM,ve kevala mastiSkake paramANu-spandanake sivA aura kucha nahIM haiN| (1) Kirke's Handbook of Physiology, Ch. XXIV aura Landois and Stirling's Text Book of Physiology-introduction dekho|

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cauthA adhyAya ] bhirjgt| jo jagatkA mUlakAraNa hai, ina sajJAna jaiva kriyAoMko usI caitanyakI kriyA mAnanA par3atA hai| usI caitanyazaktike dvArA isa pRthvIkI-kevala isa pRthvIkI hI nahIM, jagatmeM jahA~ jahA~ sajJAna jIva haiM, una saba sthAnoMkI-sArI naitika aura AdhyAtmika kriyAoMkA saMpAdana hotA hai| una saba kriyAoMkI vistRta AlocanA isa jagaha para anAvazyaka hai| vaha karmamArgakA viSaya hai| ___ yahA~ para kevala itanA hI kahU~gA ki jar3akI kriyAoMkI taraha ajJAna kriyAe~ jaise gatimUlaka haiM, vaise hI sajJAna kriyAe~ yA caitanyakI kriyAe~ sthiti yA zAntiko khojanevAlI hotI haiN| jIva sajJAna avasthAmeM jo koI kAma karatA hai vaha sukhaprAti yA duHkhAnivRtti arthAt zAntilAbhake lie karatA hai| aura vaha zAnti pAneke lie yadyapi karma arthAt gati hI ekamAtra upAya hai, kintu vaha zAnti svayaM gatikA virAma arthAt sthiti hai| " jyAyasI cetkarmaNaste matA vuddhirjanArdana / taki karmaNi ghore mAM niyojayasi kezava // " (gItA / a03, zlo0 1) arthAt, he janArdana, he kezava, agara ApakI rAyameM karmase jJAna zreSTa hai, to phira Apa mujhe ghora karmameM kyoM niyukta karate haiM ? / usI taraha hama saba bhI yahI bAta kahanA cAhate haiM, aura karmase virata hokara zAntidAyaka jJAnakI AlocanAmeM lage rahanekI icchA rakhate haiN| kintu ukta praznake uttarameM zrIkRSNane kyA kahA hai so bhI smaraNa rakhanA caahie| unhoMne kahA hai " na karmaNAmanAraMbhAnnaiSkarmya purusso'shrute| na ca sanyasanAdeva siddhiM samadhigacchati // na hi kazcitkSaNamapi jAtu tiSThatyakarmakRt / kAryate hyavazaH karma sarvaH prkRtijairgunnaiH||" (giitaa| a03, zlo04-5) arthAt, saMsArameM koI AdamI karma na karake naiSkarmya avasthAko nahIM prApta kara sktaa| kevala karmatyAga ( saMnyAsa ) se hI kisIko siddhi nahIM mila jaatii| koI bhI, kisI bhI avasthAmeM, kSaNabhara bhI, karma kiye vinA jJAna0-6

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82 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga nahIM raha sktaa| prakRtise utpanna satva-rajaH-tamaH nAmake guNa sabako vivaza karake karma karAte haiM, arthAt karma karaneke lie vivaza karate haiN| karma kiye vinA rahanekA upAya nahIM hai| karma na karake karmase virAma yA zAnti nahIM milatI / gati hI gativirAma arthAt sthitike pAnekA mArga hai, magara hA~, yaha ThIka nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki jIvakI vaha sthiti sthAyI hogI yA kSaNika hogI, aura hiMDolekI taraha sthitike sthAnameM kSaNamAtra raha kara pUrvagatijanita saJcita vegake phalase viparIta ora phira gati AraMbha hogI yA nhiiN| jIvakI pUrvagati brahmajJAnalAbhake mArgakI ora jAnevAlI hone para, zAstrameM kahA gayA hai, vaha jIva brahma loka prApta karatA hai| yathA" na ca punarAvartate na ca punarAvartate " (1) arthAt vaha phira nahIM lauTatA, phira nahIM lautttaa| ___ zAstra chor3a kara yuktimUlaka AlocanA karane para bhI zAyada aise hI siddhAntapara pahu~canA hotA hai| jagat jar3a aura caitanyakI kriyAoMse vyApta hai / jar3a aura jar3akI kriyAe~ sthUlajar3akI aura paramANu tathA IthararUpI sUkSmajar3akI gatise utpanna haiM, aura vaha gati sUkSmajar3ake bhItara chipI huI zaktise utpanna hai| caitanyakI kriyA usakI apanI zaktise utpanna hai, aura usake dvArA bhI jar3akI gati utpanna hotI hai| ye donoM zaktiyA~ mUlameM eka haiM yA judI judI haiM, isa bAremeM matabheda hai| kintu, ve mUlameM eka haiM, yahI siddhAnta saMgata hai, yaha bAta pahale kahI jA cukI hai| phira eka vaijJAnika paNDitane isa matako puSTa karaneke lie aneka yuktiyA~ aura pramANa dikhalAye haiM ki paramANu pracchanna zaktikI samaSTi hai, avinazvara nahIM hai, aura kAla pAkara apane upAdAnakAraNasvarUpa usa pracchanna zaktiko prakIrNa karake ItharameM vilIna ho jAte haiM ( 2 ) / ukta vaijJAnikane yaha bhI AbhAsa diyA hai ki agara yahI bAta ThIka hai, to asaMkhya kalpoMke bAda usa zaktisamUhake dvArA paramANukA punarjanma bhI ho sakatA (1) chAndogya upaniSad / 8 / 15 / 1 / (2) Gustare Le Bon's Evolution of Matter, pp. 307-19 dekho|

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cauthA adhyAya ] bahirjagat / hai| ataeva jagatake saba vyApAra jar3a aura zaktike vicitra milanakA phala haiN| vaha phala, pahale aniyamita gati-jaise nIhArikA puMjameM, usake bAda niyamita gati-jaise saura jagatmeM, aura antako gatikI nivRtti hai / vaha gatikI nivRtti vizvavyApI ItharakI bAdhAse utpanna hai, aura samaya pAkara avazya honevAlI hai / usa gatikI nivRtti yA virAmake bAda avinAzI vizvazaktike balase zaktikA punarAvartana aura navIna sRSTi hotI hai (.) / yaha to huI jar3akI bAta / jIvako bhI jaba taka pUrNa jJAna nahIM hotA tabataka punarjanma ho yA na ho, aura jIva cAhe jisa bhAvameM rahe, usakI ajJatAke kAraNa use duHkhakA anubhava avazya hogA aura sukhalAbhakI AkAMkSA bhI banI rahegI, aura isa kAraNa use gatizIla rahanA par3egA aura karma bhI karanA hogaa| pariNAmameM jaba use pUrNa jJAna hogA, arthAt jagatke AdikAraNa brahmakI upalabdhi hogI, taba usake lie koI abhAva yA AkAMkSA nahIM raha jAyagI, aura karma bhI usake lie Avazyaka nahIM raha jaaygaa| aba jagatmeM zubhAzubhake astitvake saMbandhameM do-eka bAteM kaha kara yaha adhyAya samApta kiyA jaaygaa| jagatmeM zubha aura azubha donoM hI haiM, yaha bAta asvIkAra nahIM kI jA sktii| sabhI jIva sukha aura duHkha donoMkA anubhava karate haiM / haraeka manuSya antardRSTike dvArA apane apane saMbaMdhameM isa bAtakA pramANa pAvegA aura bAhara anya jIvakI avasthAke Upara dRSTi DAlanese isa bAtakA pramANa milegA ki unakA jIvana bhI sukha-duHkhamaya hai| isake sivA hama sthira bhAvase apanI apanI prakRtikI paryAlocanA karanese dekha pAte haiM ki zubhAzubhakA bIja hamAre bhItara nihita hai| eka tarapha dayA, upakAra karanekI icchA, svArthatyAga Adi acchI pravRttiyA~ hamako apanI aura jagatkI bhalAIke kAmoMmeM pravRtta karatI haiM, dUsarI tarapha krodha, dveSa, svArthaparatA Adi burI pravRttiyA~ hamako apanI aura dUsarekI burAIke kAma karaneke lie prabala bhAvase uttejita karatI haiN| aura, ina saba pravRttiyoMkI prarocanAse jaise eka tarapha jIvoMke duHkha dUra karane aura sukha utpanna karaneke lie taraha tarahake prayatna hote haiM, vaise hI dUsarI ( 9 ) Spencer's First Principles, Pt. II Chapters XXII, XXIII dekho|

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84 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga tarapha jIvake vinAza aura satAneke lie taraha tarahakI ceSTAe~ hotI haiN| ajJa jIvoM meM paraspara khAdya-khAdaka sambandha rahaneke kAraNa eka jAtikA jIva dUsarI jAtike jIvako vinaSTa karatA hai / jar3a jagatmeM bhI, jaise eka ora sUryakI kiraNoMse ujjvala sunIla nirmala AkAzamaNDala aura zItala-mandasugandha vAyuse Andolita svaccha sarovara yA nadIkA pravAha jIvako sukha aura zAnti dete haiM, vaise hI dUsarI ora ghane meghoMse DhakA huA, bhayAnaka vajrapAtase pranidhvanita, andha, andhakAramaya AkAza aura pracaNDa tUphAnase umar3a rahA, U~cI taraMga mAlAoMse Alor3ita sAgara jIvake azubha, aura azAntiko utpanna karate haiN| isake sivA jvAlAmukhI pahAr3oMkI bhayAnaka agnilIlAke utpAta, dharAtalakA vidhvaMsa karanevAle bhUkampa Adi khaNDapralaya bhI samaya samayapara jIvoMkA saba tarahakA amaMgala aura aniSTa karate rahate haiN| __yaha saba dekha-sunakara manameM prazna uThatA hai ki jo jagat maMgalamaya IzvarakI sRSTi hai usameM itanA azubha kyoM hai, isa azubhakA pariNAma kyA hai aura isa jagatmeM isa azubhakA pratikAra hai ki nahIM ? aneka loga samajhasakate haiM ki pahalA aura dUsarA prazna bekAra dArzanika logoMkI AlocanAke yogya hai| kintu tIsarA prazna to nizcita hI kAryakuzala vaijJAnikoMkI bhI vivecanAkA viSaya hai / aura, jahA~ vijJAnake dvArA pratividhAna sAdhya nahIM hai, vahA~ pahaleke donoM praznoMkI AlocanA bilkula vyartha yA 'kisI kAmakI nahIM' nahIM hai| kAraNa, vaise sthaloMmeM agara koI zubha-zAntikA mArga hai to vaha kevala ukta donoM praznoMkI AlocanAse hI pAyA jA sakatA hai| isI lie kramazaH tInoM praznoMke sambandhameM kucha kucha kahA jaaygaa| pavitra aura maMgalamaya IzvarakI sRSTimeM pApa aura amaMgalane kisa taraha praveza kiyA, isa praznakA uttara aneka sthAnoMmeM aneka prakArase. diyA gayA hai| IsAiyoMke dharmazAstrameM aisA AbhAsa pAyA jAtA hai ki svargameM Izvarake anucaroMmeMsa eka Izvara vidrohI ho uThA aura usakA nAma zaitAna par3A / usIkI kumantraNAse manuSya jAtike Adi puruSa Adama aura havvA IzvarakI AjJAkA ulaMghana karake pApabhAgI hue, aura isI sUtrase pRthvI para pApa aura amaMgalane praveza kiyA / yaha kathana eka saMpradAyakA mata hai, aura yuktike sAtha isakA sAmaMjasya karanA bhI kaThina hai| hindU zAstrameM jIvake zubhAzubhako jIvake

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cauthA adhyAya ] bahirjagat / karmoMkA phala kaha kara varNana kiyA hai|-" puNyo vai puNyena karmaNA bhavati pApaH pApeneti / " (bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad / 3 / 2 / 13 / ) vedAntadarzana, zAMkarabhASya (3 / 2 / 41 ) meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki Izvara jo haiM * ve prANiyoMke prayatnake anusAra phalakA vidhAna karate haiN| kintu yaha bAta kahane para bhI yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki azubhake sAtha IzvarakA saMsarga nahIM hai| kyoMki prazna hogA-jIvake zubhAzubhakA mUla jo karma-akarma hai usakA mUla kyA hai ? Izvarane hI jIvakI sRSTi kI hai, jIvako karma-akarma karanekI zakti aura prakRti unhIMse prApta hai, ataeva jIvake zubhAzubhakA mUla usI Izvarase utpanna hai / aura, bhUkaMpa, jalaplAvana, tUphAna-A~dhI Adi jar3a jagatkI durghaTanAoMse utpanna jIvakA azubha kisa taraha jIvakA karmaphala kahA jA sakatA hai, so sahaja hI samajhameM nahIM aataa| koI koI kahate haiM ki hama jise azubha kahate haiM vaha yathArthameM azubha nahIM hai-vaha jIvake lie kucha kucha azubhakara ho sakatA hai, kintu sAre jagatke lie zubhakara hI hai| jaise, eka jAtikA jIva dUsarI jAtike jIvako AhArake lie jo naSTa karatA hai so jagatke lie hitakara hai| kAraNa, yaha na hotA to jala jItI aura marI huI machaliyoMse pUrNa ho jAtA, havA jIvita pakSiyoM aura pataMgoMse pUrNa rahatI, aura pRthvI bhI bahutase jIte aura mare jIva jantuoMse pUrNa hokara anya jIvoMke na rahane lAyaka bana jaatii| ve loga pApakI utpattike sAtha IzvarakA rahanA siddha karaneke lie kahate haiM ki pApa aura kucha nahIM, svAdhIna jIvakI svAdhInatAke apavyavahArakA phala hai| ve loga itanI dUra taka jAneke lie taiyAra haiM ki " svAdhIna jIva duSkarma karegA-yaha pahale jAnakara Izvarane jIvakI sRSTi kI hai| aisA mAnanese Izvarako doSa na sparza kare, isa AzaMkAko miTAneke lie, ve isa viSayameM IzvarakI sarvajJatA khaNDita karanemeM koI bAdhA nahIM dekhate / (1) yuktimUlaka AlocanA kI jAya, to bhI jagatmeM azubhakA astitva asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / aura yaha bhI svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki (1) Martineans Study of Religion, Bk. II. Ch. III. aura Bk. III. Ch. II. P. 279 dekho|

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86 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga usa azubhakA kAraNa IzvarAtIta hai / Ara, sarvazaktimAn sakalamaMgalanilaya IzvarakI sRSTimeM azubha kyoM AyA ? isa prazna ke uttarameM, hamAre apUrNa jJAnase jahA~taka samajhA jAtA hai usase, itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki kUTastha nirguNa brahma cAhe jaisA ho, prakaTita niyamake anusAra, koI bhI jJAnagamya . viSaya apane viparIta bhAvase anavacchinna arthAt asaMyukta nahIM ho sakatA; isI kAraNa jagatmeM zubha hogA to usake sAtha sAtha azubha bhI avazya hI hogaa| azubha na hotA to zubhakA astitva bhI jJAnagocara na hotaa| hamArA yaha kathana IzvarakI asIma dayAke Upara rahanevAle vizvAsakA bAdhaka nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki jIvake isa jIvanakA azubha cAhe jitanA gurutara kyoM na ho, vaha usake ananta jIvanake pariNAma zubhake sAtha tulanAmeM kSaNikamAtra hai / isa jagaha para yaha bhI yAda rakhanA cAhie ki azubha aura duHkhakA bhoga hI jIvakI AdhyAtmika unnati aura muktilAbhakA zreSTa upAya hai, aura vaha azubha tathA duHkhabhoga jitanA tIvra hogA utanI hI jaldI jIvako unnati prApta hogii| isa bhAvase dekhane para aisA nahIM hai ki kucha jIvoMkA amaGgala kevala anya jIvoMke maGgalake lie hai-aura amaMgala kevala samaSTirUpameM maMgala hai, balki usa amaMgalako azubha bhoganevAle jIvoMke apane apane maMgalakA kAraNa mAnanA hogA / pazu-pakSI Adi jinako hama ajJAna jIva kahate haiM, unake hRdayameM kyA hotA hai, so hama kaha nahIM sakate, kintu sajJAna jIva arthAt manuSyamAtra apanI AtmAse pUchakara isa bAtakA pramANa avazya pAveMge ki duHkhabhoga AdhyAtmika unnatikI sIr3hI hai| yahA~ para eka aura kaThina prazna upasthita hotA hai / jagatameM azubha hai, aura usakA kAraNa Izvarase atIta nahIM hai, ina donoM bAtoMko svIkAra karanese Izvarake maMgalamaya honekA pramANa kyA raha gayA ? aura yaha AkhirI bAta ki Izvara maMgalamaya hai, agara pramANita na ho, to jIvake isa jIvanakA azubha ananta jIvanake maMgalakA mUla hogA-aisA anumAna karanekA kAraNa hI kyA raha gayA ? isa praznake uttarameM pahale yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jagatakA zubhAzubha jahA~taka dekhA jAtA hai, usameM tulanA karanese, zubhabhAga hI adhika hai, azubhekA bhAga thor3A hai; ataeva Izvarake maMgalamaya hone para saMdeha karanekA koI prabala kAraNa nahIM hai| to bhI yaha avazya hai ki jagatke zubhAzubhakI bAkI

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cauthA adhyAya ] bahirjagat / 87 nikAlakara IzvarakA maMgalamaya honA sAbita karanA eka atyanta durUha mAmalA hai, asAdhya bhI kaheM to kaha sakate haiN| usa asAdhyasAdhanakI ceSTAkA prayojana bhI nahIM hai| hama loga apanI apanI AtmAse yUchakara isa bAtakA akhaMDanIya pramANa pA sakate haiM ki Izvara maMgalamaya hai / bahirjagatmeM itanA azubha bharA par3A hai, antarjagatmeM bhI aneka pravRttiyA~ hameM azubha kArya karanakI ora jhukA rahI haiM, kintu yaha saba hone para bhI hama zubhako pyAra karate haiM-pasaMda karate haiM, apane maMgala-sAdhanake lie nirantara vyAkula rahate haiM, amaMgala-ghaTanA hone para anyake dvArA apane maMgalasAdhanakI AkAMkSA rakhate haiM, aura suyoga pAne para parAyA maMgala-bhalA-karanekA yatna bhI karate haiM / yahA~ taka ki cora bhI yaha vizvAsa rakhatA hai ki usake caurya-labdha dravyako anya koI le na jAyagA, ghora nRzaMsa kukarmI bhI pakar3e jAne para anyakI dayAke Upara nirbhara karake kSamA pAnekI AzA karatA hai, aura pApAcArI bhI pApa AcaraNake kAraNa marmabhedI kleza sahatA hai| zubhake lie hamArA yaha antarnihita apratita anurAga kahA~se paidA hotA hai? jagatkA Adi kAraNa maMgalamaya na hotA to maMgalakI ora hamArI AtmAkI yaha apratihata gati kabhI na hotii| ataeva isameM kucha sandeha nahIM raha sakatA ki Izvara maMgalamaya hai| aura, aisA hone para yaha anumAna ki jIvake isa jIvanakA azubha ananta jIvanake zubhake lie hai, amUlaka na hokara saMpUrNa yuktisiddha hI pratipanna hotA hai| __ Upara jo kahA gayA usIse, azubhakA pariNAma kyA hai, isa dUsare praznakA uttara bhI eka prakArase diyA jA cukA / jagatmeM jIvakA jo kucha azubha bhoga hai vaha kSaNasthAyI hai, aura pariNAmameM sabhI jIvoMko parama maMgala aura mukti milegI, yahI yuktiyukta siddhAnta jAna par3atA hai| isa siddhAntakI mUla bhitti IzvarakA maMgalamaya honA hai| usake bAda jIvajagatmeM jitanA kramavikAsa dekhA jAtA hai vaha unnatikI ora hai| aura, antardRSTike dvArA yaha bhI dekhA jAtA hai ki manuSyakA duHkhabhoga AdhyAtmika unnatikA upAya hai| ina saba viSayoMkI paryAlocanA karanese anumAna hotA hai ki jaldI ho yA derameM ho, jIvakA pariNAma zubha hI hai, azubha nhiiN| __ jagatmeM jo azubha hai usakA pratikAra hai ki nahIM, isa praznake uttarameM, saMkSepameM, itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jo azubha jar3a jagatse utpanna haiM,

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jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga aneka sthaloMmeM vijJAnacarcA ke dvArA kramazaH unake pratikAroMkA AviSkAra ho rahA hai| manuSyakI kupravRttiyoMse utpanna jo azubha haiM, darzana aura nItizAstrakI AlocanAke dvArA suzikSA aura suzAsanapraNAlIkI samyak sthApanA karake unake pratividhAnakI ceSTA ho rahI hai| aura, jina saba sthaloMmeM anya pratikAra asAdhya hai, vahA~ maMgalamaya Izvarake Upara dRr3ha nirbhara karake yaha vicAra ki isa jIvanakA azubha kSaNika aura ananta jIvanake maMgalakA kAraNa hai, avicalita rakhanA hI ekamAtra pratikAra hai|

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pA~cavA~ adhyAya / jJAnakI sImA / hamArA antarjagatke viSayakA jJAna antardRSTike dvArA prApta hai, aura bahirjagatke viSayakA jJAna dekhane-sunane-sUMghane-cakhane aura chanese prApta hotA hai| usa antardRSTikI zakti aura dekhane-sunane AdikI zakti, sabhI sImAbaddha haiM, sabakI eka hada hai| ___ antardRSTike dvArA hama AtmAke astitvako jAna sakate haiM sahI, kintu usa AtmAkA svarUpa kyA hai, AtmA kahA~se AyA aura kahA~ jAyagA, usakA Adi aura anta kyA hai, ina saba praznoMkA spaSTa uttara denemeM antardRSTi sarvathA asamartha hai / ina saba viSayoMke sambandhameM hama jo kucha vizvAsa karate haiM, vahA~ taka aneka yuktiyoM aura tauke sahAre pahuMcate haiN| isake bAda, yadyapi antajagatkI kucha kriyAoMkA phala (jaise bahirjagatkI vastuoMko pratyakSa karanA, atIta viSayakI smRti, ityAdi) jJAnakI sImAke antargata hai, kintu antajagatmeM saba kriyAe~ kaise saMpanna hotI haiM, bahirjagatke viSayoMke sAtha AtmAkA kisa taraha sAkSAt sambandha hotA hai, adhika kyA kaheM, apanI dehake sAtha apanI AtmAkA kaisA sambandha hai aura AtmA kisa taraha dehako saMcAlita karatI hai, ina saba bAtoMkA kucha bhI tattva antaSTike dvArA nahIM jAnA jAtA ye saba viSaya hamAre jJAnakI sImAke bAhara haiN| merI AtmA kisa taraha kArya karatI hai, so maiM jAna nahIM sakatA, yaha eka atyanta vicitra bAta hai, lekina vicitra hone para bhI sarvathA satya hai|

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jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga apanI AtmAke bhItara kaise kArya hotA hai, vahI jaba hama saMpUrNa jAna nahIM sakate, taba bahirjagatke viSayoMko kaise saMpUrNa jAna sakeMge ? bahirjagatsambandhI jJAnalAbhakA jariyA A~kha, kAna, nAka, jIbha aura tvacA, ye pA~ca indriyA~ haiN| ina pA~coM indriyoMke dvArA dekhA, sunA, sUMghA, cakhA aura chuA jAtA hai, aura unake dvArA rUpa, zabda, gandha, rasa, sparza ina pA~ca viSayoMkA jJAna utpanna hotA hai| kintu jaise A~kha na hotI to rUpa yA prakAzake saMbandhameM kisI tarahakA jJAna na hotA, aura jo janmakA aMdhA hai usako vaha jJAna ho nahIM sakatA, vaise hI hamArI pA~coM indriyoMke atirikta anya koI indriya na rahaneke kAraNa rUpa-zabda-gandha-rasa-sparza ina pA~ca guNoMse bhinna anya kisI guNake sambandhameM hama koI jJAna nahIM prApta kara sakate, aura bahirjagatkI vastuoMmeM ina pA~ca guNoMke alAvA anya guNa hai yA nahIM, so hama nahIM jaante| kintu yaha bAta bhI hama kisI taraha nahIM kaha sakate ki koI chaThA guNa hai hI nhiiN| koI chaThA guNa agara hai, to vaha hamAre jJAnakI sImAke bAhara hai| phira, jo pA~ca indriyA~ haiM, unakI bhI zakti atyanta saMkIrNa hai| A~khake dvArA prakAza aura AkArake viSayakA jJAna paidA hotA hai, kintu prakAza bahuta thor3A aura AkAra atyanta choTA agara hotA hai to A~kha use vinA sahAyatAke nahIM dekha pAtI-hA~, dUravIkSaNa aura aNuvIkSaNa yantrakI sahAyatAse kucha kucha dekha pAtI hai| alpAdhikyake prabhedake sivA, prakAzakI kiraNoM meM varNagata prabheda bhI hai| unameMse kucha varNoMkI kiraNoMko chor3akara anya kiraNoMko sahajameM dekha pAnekI zakti hamArI A~khoMmeM nahIM hai / kevala unakiraNoMke kAryase unake astitvakA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / usI taraha hamArI zravaNa-indriya bhI saba prakArake zabdoMko nahIM suna paatii| bahuta hI dhIre zabda hotA hai to use hama yaMtrakI sahAyatAke vinA nahIM suna pAte / hamArI ghrANendriyakI zakti kutte Adi anyAnya aneka jAtike jIvoMkI ghrANazaktise kama hai| hamArI sparzendriya garmI ( tApa) ke thor3e tAratamyakA anubhava sahajameM nahIM kara paatii| vaha tAratamya nizcaya karaneke lie yaMtrakA prayojana hotA hai| yantrakI zakti bhI sImAbaddha hai isa kAraNa, saba nIhArikAe~ tArakApuMja haiM yA nahIM, yaha nizcaya nahIM kahA jA sakatA, aura paramANukA. AkAra kaisA hai, yaha bhI koI nahIM dekha pAtA / isI kAraNa, pA~cake sivA

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pA~cavA~ adhyAya ] jJAnakI siimaa| chaThI indriyakA abhAva aura pA~coM indriyoMkI zaktikI apUrNatA honese hamAre lie bahirjagatke aneka viSayoMko jAnanekA koI upAya nahIM hai, aura vaha jJAna hamArI dehayukta avasthAmeM hamAre jJAnake bAhara hI rhegaa| dehapiJjarase mukta hone para AtmAke jJAnakI sImA bar3hegI yA nahIM, yaha bhI hama nahIM jaante| ___ aura eka viSayameM hamAre jJAnakI sImA atyaMta saMkIrNa hai| hamArI jAnanekI icchA hamako sadA " kyA hai ?" aura " kyoM hai ?", ye donoM prazna pUchanekI preraNA kiyA karatI hai / prathama prazna sabhI viSayoMkA svarUpa aura dUsarA saba viSayoMkA kAraNa nirUpita karanA cAhatA hai| donoMmeMse kisI praznakA sampUrNa uttara hama nahIM pAte / prathama praznakA uttara kucha kucha pAyA jAtA hai, arthAt jJAtavya viSaya antajagatkA huA to antardRSTike dvArA, aura bahirjagatkA huA to indriyoM ke dvArA, usakA yA usake viSayakA kucha jJAna utpanna hotA hai| kisI kisIke matameM vaha jJeyaviSayakA yathArtha svarUpajJAna nahIM hai, vaha svarUpakA AbhAsamAtra hai| magara mujhe jAna par3atA hai, yahA~taka sandeha karanekA koI kAraNa nahIM hai / aura yadyapi hameM kisI bhI viSayakA saMpUrNa svarUpa-jJAna nahIM hotA-tathApi jo kucha hama jAna sakate haiM vaha jJeya viSayakA AMzika svarUpa avazya hotA hai| dUsare praznakA ThIka uttara pAnA aura bhI kaThina hai| arthAt koI jJAtavya viSaya kyoM huA, usakA kAraNa kyA hai, isake sambandhameM, yathArthameM, hama bahuta thor3A hI jAnate haiN| agara jJAtavya viSaya antarjagatse sambandha rakhanevAlA huA, to AtmAse pUchane para aksara kucha uttara pAyA jAtA hai| aura jo viSaya bahirjagatkA huA to saMpUrNa uttara pAnekI saMbhAvanA kabhI nahIM hai, aura aksara kucha bhI uttara nahIM miltaa| do eka dRSTAnta denese yaha bAta aura bhI spaSTa hojaaygii| pahale antarjagatkA dRSTAnta lIjie / " maiM jisa viSayakI AlocanA kara rahA hU~ usa viSayakI AlocanAmeM kyoM pravRtta huA ?", yaha prazna Apa hI apanese pUchane para yaha sahaja uttara pAtA hU~ ki "merI icchA huI, isa lie|" kintu isa uttarake bhItara eka aura atyanta kaThina prazna uThatA hai ki " icchA honese icchAke anurUpa kArya kyoM hotA hai ? " jabataka hamameM

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92 jJAna aura karma / [ prathama bhAga AtmAke saMpUrNa svarUpakA jJAna nahIM utpanna hogA, arthAt jabataka hama yaha na jAna sakeMge ki icchA aura kriyA kisa taraha AtmAmeM nibaddha hai, tabataka isa praznakA koI uttara pAnekI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai / ukta sahaja uttarake Upara aura eka bAta pUchI jA sakatI hai ki " icchA huI hI kyoM ? ", aura isakA uttara hama yaha pAte haiM ki " isa pustakake isa adhyAyameM jisa viSayakI vyAkhyA karanA socA hai, vartamAna AlocanA usakA aMga jAna par3A, isIse yaha icchA huI / " kintu isake Upara aura bhI prazna ho sakatA hai ki " vartamAna AlocanA usakA aMga hI kyoM jAna par3I ? ' isa praznakA uttara bilkula sahaja nahIM hai / kintu isa sambandhameM aura adhika * kahanekA prayojana nahIM hai / aura eka prazna uThAkara dekhA jAya / 66 Upara jahA~ para maiM praznakA uttara denese rukA vahA~ para kyoM rukA ? " isakA uttara yaha kahakara ki " isa sambandhameM aura adhika kahanekA prayojana nahIM hai, " eka prakArase maiMne Upara hI de diyA hai / kintu usake bAda prazna uThatA hai ki " yahI maiMne kyoM socA ? " isa praznakA uttara thor3IsI bAtoM meM nahIM diyA jA sakatA, aura isake uttara meM jitanI bAteM kahanA ucita haiM, jAna par3atA hai, una sabako maiM ThIka karake kaha nahIM sakatA / " aura adhika bAteM kahanekA prayojana nahIM hai " yaha bAta jaba maiMne kahI, taba usa samaya kina kAra NoMse maiMne aisA socA thA, isa samaya smaraNa karake una sabakA varNana karanA kaThina hai / kyoMki, jAna par3atA hai, ve saba kAraNa usa samaya manameM spaSTarUpase prakaTa aura Alocita nahIM hue the, aura isa bhayase soca vicArakara maiM jina kAraNoMko ThIka karU~gA ve hI kAraNa usa samaya mere khayAlameM Aye the, yaha ThIka nahI kahA jA sakatA / aba bahirjagat-viSayaka do-eka dRSTAnta dU~gA / " mere peMsila calAnese kAgajameM akSara kyoM khiMca jAte haiM ? " isakA sahaja uttara yaha hogA ki " maiM akSara aMkita karaneke upayogI DhaMgase hAtha calAtA hU~, isI kAraNa mere hAthakI peMsila akSara aMkita karatI hai / " kintu yaha uttara kAphI nahIM hai / hAthakA calAnA merI icchA kArya aura icchita akSara - likhanake upayogI ho sakatA hai, peMsilakI gati bhI usake anurUpa ho sakatI hai, yahA~taka svIkAra karane para bhI, prazna uThatA hai ki " peMsilakI gatise kAgaja para kAle dAga kyoM par3ate

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pA~cavA~ adhyAya ] jJAnakI siimaa| 93 haiM ? " yadi kahA jAya ki peMsilake bhItara jo kAle raMgakA padArtha hai, kAgaja para usake ghisanese dAga par3ate haiM, to usa para yaha prazna uThegA ki "ghise jAnese dAga kyoM par3ate haiM ? " koI pAThaka isa praznako vRthA na samajheM / saba kAle raMgakI cIjeM kAgaja para ghisanese dAga nahIM par3ate / agara kahA jAya.. peMsila narma hai, ghisanese kSaya hotI hai, aura usake alaga hue aMza kAgajameM laganese usa para dAga par3ate haiM, to kamase kama do aura kaThina prazna upasthita hote haiM / yathA-" ghisanese peMsilake kSudra kSudra aMza kyoM usase alaga hote haiM ? " aura " ve kAgajahImeM kyoM laga jAte haiM ? " ina donoM praznoMkA uttara jabataka hama nahIM de sakate, tabataka peMsila aura kAgajake ANavika gaThana aura ANavika AkarSaNake svarUpakA jJAna hameM nahIM hotaa| aura eka dRSTAnta lIjie / " DaMThala TUTakara kara girA huA phala Upara na uThakara nIce hI kyoM giratA hai ? " isa praznakA sahaja uttara yaha hai ki "vaha pRthvIke mAdhyAkarSaNase nIcekI ora AkRSTa hotA hai, isIse aisA hotA hai|'' magara yaha uttara yatheSTa nahIM hai / isake sAtha hI prazna uThatA hai, " pRthvI phalako kyoM khIMcatI hai ? " isake uttarameM agara yaha kahA jAya ki pratyeka vastukA dUsarI vastuko apanI ora khIMcanA jar3akA dharma hai, " to phira prazna. hogA ki " jar3akA aisA dharma kyoM hai ? " jabataka hama jar3ake bhItarI gaThana aura antanirhita zaktike svarUpako nahIM jAna pAte, tabataka isa antima praznakA uttara denA sarvathA asAdhya hai| mAdhyAkarSaNa-niyamakA AviSkAra karanevAle nyUTanane yadyapi yaha nirUpita kara diyA hai ki vaha AkarSaNa vastukI gatiko kisa niyamase parivartita karatA hai, kintu isa praznakA kucha vizeSa uttara nahIM diyA ki eka vastu anya vastuko kyoM khIMcatI hai / balki unhoMne aisA AbhAsa diyA hai ki AkarSaNake niyamako gaNitakA niyama samajhakara gatike viSayameM AlocanA karanese aneka tattvoMtaka pahu~ca ho jAtI hai; kintu AkarSaNa kyoM vaise niyamase calatA hai, yaha dUsarI bAta hai (1) / ___ Upara jo kahA gayA, usase samajhameM AtA hai ki hamArA jagatakI vastuoM aura viSayoMke svarUpa aura kAraNakA jJAna atyanta asaMpUrNa hai, aura vartamAna dehayukta avasthAmeM asaMpUrNa hI rhegaa| (1) Newton's principia Bk. I, Sec. I, Def. VIII, and Sec.. XI, Scholiun, Davis's Edition Vol. I, pages 6 and 174 dekho|

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94 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga koI koI kahate haiM, dehayukta jIva bhI yogabalase antarjagat aura bahirjagatke saMbaMdhameM alaukika aura atIndriya jJAna prApta kara sakatA hai| isa viSayakI vizeSa rUpase pramANa-parIkSA binA kiye nizcita rUpase koI bAta nahIM kahI jA sktii| magara hA~, pratibhAzAlI vidvAn jina saba atyanta adbhuta pAramArthika aura vaiSayika nigUDha tattvoMkA AviSkAra kara rahe haiM, unheM dekhanese jAna par3atA hai, manonivezake dvArA manuSyake jJAnakI sImA bahuta dUra taka bar3ha sakatI hai| 'rAGgena' kiraNakI sahAyatAse jaba hama kATha yA anya asvaccha padArthakI Ar3a rahanepara bhI usake bhItarakI cIja spaSTa dekha pAte haiM, taba jAna par3atA haiM, hama atIndriya darzanazakti paagye| kintu usake dvArA yathArthameM cakSukI darzanazakti bar3hanA nahIM pramANita hotA / vahA~ para vaha dekha pAnA cakSukA guNa nahIM, prakAza-kiraNakA guNa hai / to bhI, cAhe jisa prakAra ho, pahale jahA~ merI dRSTi kAma nahIM karatI thI, vahA~ isa samaya maiM dekha pArahA hU~, aura usake dvArA jJAnakI sImA bar3ha rahI hai, yaha bAta avazya svIkAra karanI hogii| isI taraha vijJAnacarcAke dvArA aneka ora jJAnakI sImA bar3hAI jA sakatI hai| __ yadyapi kisI bhI viSayake svarUpa yA kAraNako hama saMpUrNa rUpase jAna nahIM pAte, kintu aneka viSaya kisa niyamase saMpanna hote haiM, isa sambandhameM yatheSTa jJAna prApta kara sakate haiN| Uparake mAdhyAkarSaNasambandhI dRSTAntake upalakSameM yaha bAta kahI jA cukI hai| mAdhyAkarSaNakA svarUpa aura kAraNa na jAnakara, aura lAcArIke mAre jAnanekI ceSTAse nivRtta hokara bhI, kevala mAdhyAkarSaNake niyamako jAnakara hama saurajagatake grahoM AdikI gatike sambandhameM aneka adbhuta Azcarya tattvoMkA nirUpaNa kara sake haiM / isIse Adamsa sAhaba nepacUna grahakA aviSkAra karane meM samartha hue haiN| prakRtike niyamoMkA nirUpaNa aneka jagaha svarUpa aura kAraNake nirNayakI apekSA susAdhya aura suphala denevAlA huA hai, aura vaijJAnika loga usI ora jJAnakI sImA phailAnekA yatna kara rahe haiM / to bhI jJAnalAbhakI AkAMkSA usase pUrNa nahIM hotI; ataeva manuSya kisI bhI viSayake svarUpa aura kAraNa jAnanekI ceSTAse bAja nahIM A sktaa| darzanazAstrakI carcA bhI vaijJAnikoMke hAsa-parihAsase vilupta nahIM ho sktii| (1) Ronrgen.

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chaThA adhyaay| jJAna-lAbhake upAya / jJAnalAbhake lie, jJAna cAhanevAlekA apanA yatna aura dUsarekI sahAyatA, donoM Avazyaka haiM / jJAnalAbhake lie upayogI anyakI sahAyatAko zikSA kahate haiM, aura usake lie upayogI yatnako anuzIlana kaha sakate haiN| jJAnalAbhake lie sabhI samaya anuzIlanakA atyanta prayojana hai, aura prathama avasthAmeM zikSAke Upara bhI bahuta kucha nirbhara karanA par3atA hai| isIse pahale zikSAke sambandhameM jo kucha kahanA hai so kahA jAyagA, aura pIche anuzIlanakI AlocanA hogii| zikSAke sambandha vidvAn buddhimAn loga bahuta bAteM kaha gaye haiN| manusaMhitAke dUsare adhyAyameM zikSAke viSayakI aneka bAteM haiN| prasiddha grIka dArzanika pleToke ripablika (1) nAmake graMthameM isa viSayake vividha prasaMga haiN| sisaro aura jhiNTiliyan nAmaka romake suprasiddha donoM vaktAoMne apane apane graMthoM meM zikSAke sambandhameM bahuta kucha AlocanA kI hai| iMgleMDa aura yUropake anyAnya dezoMke paNDitoMne lokazikSAke lie vividha matoMkA pracAra kiyA hai, taraha tarahake upadeza diye haiN| una saba bAtoMkI samAlocanA karanA isa choTese graMthakA uddezya nahIM hai| zikSAke viSayakI kaI moTI moTI bAtoMkA ullekha bhara saMkSepameM yahA~ kara diyA jaaygaa| ve kucha bAteM ye haiN| -zikSAke viSaya / 2-zikSAkI praNAlI / 3zikSAke saamaan| (1) zikSAke viSaya / zikSAkA viSaya brahmase lekara taNataka yaha sArA jagat hI hai| jaba zikSAke viSaya prAyaH asaMkhya hI haiM, taba unakI AlocanAke subhIteke lie unheM yathAsaMbhava zreNIbaddha karanekI atyanta AvazyakatA hai| (1) Bk. VII. dekho|

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96 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga ___ eka tarahase dekhane para arthAt jise zikSA dI jAyagI usapara dRSTi rakhane para, manuSyake zarIra aura AtmAke anusAra, zikSAke zArIrika aura AdhyAtmika ye do vibhAga kiye jA sakate haiN| AdhyAtmika zikSAke bhI jJAnaviSayaka yA mAnasika aura nItidharmaviSayaka yA naitika, ye do vibhAga karanA ThIka jAna par3atA hai| aura eka tarahase dekhane para arthAt jisakI bAta sikhAI jAyagI usapara dRSTi rakhanesa, zikSA antarjagat-viSayaka aura bahirjagat-viSayaka do tarahakI hogii| bahirjagat-viSayaka zikSAko bhI jar3aviSayaka, ajJAnajIvaviSayaka, aura sajJAnajIvaviSayaka, ina tIna bhAgoMmeM bA~Ta sakate haiN| arthAt zikSAke saba viSayoMko milAkara cAra bhAgoMmeM bA~Ta sakate haiN| aura, ina cAroM viSayoMkI vidyAko kramazaH AtmIvajJAna, jar3avijJAna, jIvavijJAna, aura nItivi. jhAna, (arthAt jIvakI sajJAnakriyAviSayaka vidyA ) kaha sakate haiN| ina cAroM bhAgoMmeMse hara eka bhAgake aura bhI aneka avAntara vibhAga haiN| jaise AtmavijJAna ke antargata vibhAga-nyAyavedAntAdi darzana, manovijJAna, gaNita Adi haiN| jar3avijJAnake avAntara vibhAga-sthUlajar3avijJAna yA jar3akI sthiti aura gatikA vijJAna, bhUgarbhavidyA, jyotiHzAstra, rasAyanazAstra, zabda yA dhvanikA vijJAna, prakAzavijJAna, tApavijJAna, vidyudvijJAna aura cumbakavijJAna Adi haiN| jIvavijJAnake avAntara vibhAga-prANividyA, udbhividyA Adi haiN| nItivijJAna ( arthAt jIvakI sajJAnakriyAviSayaka vidyA.) ke avAntara vibhAga bhASA aura sAhitya, itihAsa, samAjanIti, arthanIti, rAjanIti, dharmanIti, ityAdi haiN| jo kucha Upara kahA gayA vahI saMkSepameM nimnalikhita AkArameM dikhAyA jA sakatA hai| shikssaa| (zikSArthI para dRSTi rakhanese) zArIrika AdhyAtmika mAnasika Ronrg--- natika

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chaThA adhyAya] jJAna-lAbhake upaay| zikSAkA viSaya yA vidyA antarjagat-viSayaka bahirjagat-viSayaka AtmavijJAna sawan nyAyAdi manovi- gaNita darzana jJAna arthAt kAlamUlaka aura sthAnamUlaka vidyA jar3avijJAna jIvavijJAna naitika ( arthAt jIvanake sajJAna kAryaviSayaka) udbhividyA prANividyA vijJAna / sthUlajar3a bhUvidhA jyotiH rasAyana dhvani prakAza- tApa vidyuddhi- cuMbaI vijJAna vijJAna vijJAna jJAna vijJAna (jar3akI sthiti, gati) vijJAna - bhAMpA itihAsaH samAjanIti arthanIti rAjanIti dharmanIti sAhitya aura zilpa Upara jo vidyAkI zreNiyoMkA vibhAga kiyA gayA hai vaha asaMpUrNa hai, aura zreNIvibhAgake niyamAnusAra satra aMzameM nyAyasaMgata bhI nahIM hai| yaha kevala AlocanAke subhIteke lie moTe taura para eka prakArakA vibhAgamAtra hai| jJAna0-7

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jJAna aura karma / [prathama bhAga vidyAkA saMpUrNa aura nyAyasaMgata zreNIvibhAga eka durUha kArya hai| bekana, koma, spensara Adi vidvAnoMne bahuta yatna kiyA, magara ve bhI sarvathA nirdoSa zreNIvibhAga kisI taraha nahIM kara sake (1) / aba zikSAke Upara kahe gaye viSayoMmeMse kisI kisIke sambandhameM do-eka bAteM kahI jaayegii| __ zarIra acchA nahIM rahatA to mana bhI ThIka nahIM rahatA aura aise loga koI bhI kAma acchI taraha nahIM kara sakate / yaha bahuta hI satya hai ki "zarIramAdyaM khalu dharmasAdhanam "-arthAt zarIra hI dharmakA pahalA sAdhana hai| isI lie zArIrika zikSA atyanta prayojanIya viSaya hai| isa sthalapara zArIrika zikSA kahanese kevala vyAyAma ( kasarata ) hI na samajhanA cAhie / upayukta AhAra karanA, upayukta vastra Adi pahananA, yathAyogya vyAyAmakA abhyAsa, AvazyakatAnusAra vizrAma lenA, yathAsamaya sonA Adi jina saba kAmoMke dvArA zarIrake svAsthyakI rakSA ho, zarIra adhika puSTa ho, aura sAtha hI manake utkarSalAbhakI rAhameM vighna na ho balki sahAyatA ho, una saba kAmoMkA karanA zArIrika zikSAke antargata hai| AhAra kevala dehakI rakSA aura use adhika puSTa karaneke lie kiyA jAtA hai, aura jisa khAdyake dvArA yaha uddezya siddha ho vahI khAyA jA sakatA hai, aisA samajhanA ThIka nhiiN| kyoMki khAdyake itara-vizeSase kevala dehakI avasthAmeM hI itara-vizeSa nahIM hotA, usake dvArA manakI avasthAmeM bhI itara-vizeSa hotA hai / arthAt manakI avasthA bhI acche khAdyase acchI aura burese burI hotI hai| yaha saca hai ki IsAne kahA hai, " jo mu~hake bhItara DAlA jAtA hai, vaha manuSyako apavitra nahIM karatA, balki jo mu~hase nikalatA hai vahI manuSyako apavitra karatA hai" (2) / yaha bAta deza-kAla-pAtrake dekhate usa samaya yathAyogya hI kahI gaI thii| kAraNa, usa samaya yahUdI loga bhItara pavitra honeke prayojanako eka tarahase bhUla gaye the; kevala bAhara pavitra aura AhArameM pavitra honeko hI yatheSTa samajhate the| unakI zikSAke lie hI yaha (?) Karl pearson's Crammar of Science, 2nd Ed. Ch. XII. aura Deussen's Metaphysics, P. 6 dekho| (2) Matthew, XV, II. dekho|

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upAya / bAta kahI gaI thii| kintu yaha upadeza savasAdhAraNake lie nahIM hai / dehatattvake jJAtA paNDitoMne ThIka kiyA hai ki khAdyake Upara manakI avasthA bahuta kucha nirbhara hai, aura mAMsAhArI loga kucha ugrasvabhAva aura svArthapara hote haiM (7) / nazIlI cIjoMke guNa-doSoMko sabhI loga jAnate haiM / mAdaka padArtha sevana karanese kamase kama kucha samayake lie cittama vikAra avazya paidA hotA hai, isa bAtako koI bhI asvIkAra nahIM kara sktaa| basa, isI lie madya-mAMsa varjanIya hai| isa bAta para kucha matabheda avazya hai, kintu hamAre dezake samAna grISmapradhAna dezameM madyamAMsake prayojanakA abhAva aura madyamAMsake sevanase apakArake sivA upakArakA na honA, jAna par3atA hai, sarvavAdisammata siddhAnta hai| jo loga jIvahiMsAse nivRtta honeke kAraNa, athavA mAnasika utkarSa sAdhanake lie, nirAmiSa AhAra karate haiM, unakI to koI bAta hI nahIM, zarIrake utkarSasAdhanake lie bhI isa deza meM mAMsabhojanakA prayojana nahIM hai| machalIke sambandhameM usase adhika matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| machalI apekSAkRta nirdoSa aura sulabha hai, aura use chor3a denase usake badale vaisA hI upakAraka khAdya pAnA bhI kaThina hai| isake sivA machalIkA krIr3Asthala jalake bhItara hai, aura jalase bAhara nikAlate hI machalI mara jAtI hai / sutarAM machalI mAranemeM, adhika niSThura kAma nahIM karanA hogaa| isI kAraNa matsyatyAgakA niyama utanA dRr3ha nahIM banAyA gyaa| parantu kevala khAdyaakhAdyakA vicAra karanese hI kAma nahIM calegA, AhArakA parimANa bhI atirikta honA ucita nahIM hai / manubhagavAn kahate haiM: "anArogyamanAyuSyamasvayaM cAtibhojanam / ___ apuNyaM lokavidviSTaM tasmAttatparivarjayet // " (manu / 2 / 571) arthAt atibhojana jo hai vaha arogya, dIrghAyu, svargalAbha aura puNyakAyameM bAdhA DAlane vAlA hai, aura loga nindA bhI karate haiM, isa lie atibhojana nahIM karanA cAhie / yaha manuvAkya kevala dharmazAstrakI ukti nahIM hai, cikitsAzAstra bhI isakA anumodana karatA hai| ataeva AhAra kevala (1) Haig's Diet and food. P. 119 dekho|

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jJAna aura karma / [ prathama bhAga rasanAkI tRpti yA zarIrakI puSTi ke lie nahIM hai / zarIra aura mana donoMke utkarSa-sAdhanake lie AhAra pavitra, sAttvika (2), puSTikara aura parimita honA caahie| isa zikSAkA atyanta prayojana hai| pozAka kevala deha Dhakaneke lie aura dhUpa-jAr3ese dehakI rakSAke lie nahIM hai; pozAkake sAtha manakA bhI ghaniSTa sambandha hai| pozAkakA mailA yA asaMlagna honA chor3a denekA abhyAsa na karanese kramazaH anyAnya kAmoMmeM bhI saphAI aura saMgati para lakSya kama ho jAtA hai| pakSAntarameM pozAkakI zobhA para adhika najara rahanese kramazaH vRthAkA abhimAna bar3hatA jAtA hai / pozAkake bAremeM saphAI aura saMgatike sAtha surucikI zikSA bhI Avazyaka hai| kasarata kahanese sahaja hI kuztI yA daMDa-baiThaka vagairahakA bodha hotA hai| kintu zArIrika zikSAke lie vaha yatheSTa nahIM hai| usake dvArA bala avazya bar3hatA hai, kintu zarIrakA baliSTha honA jaise Avazyaka hai, vaise hI sarvAMzameM usakA kAryakuzala honA bhI atyanta Avazyaka hai| ataeva hAtha calAkara likhane aura citra khIMcane AdikI zikSAkA, aura paira calA kara teja daur3ane aura na gira sakanekA bhI abhyAsa karanA cAhie / A~kha-kAna AdikA bhI suzikSita honA Avazyaka hai| yaha bAta nahIM hotI to vijJAnakA anuzIlana aura jar3a-jagatkA paryavekSaNa karanekI saMpUrNa zakti nahIM prApta hotii| kisI kisI paNDitake matameM buddhikI nyUnAdhikatA aneka sthaloM para dekhanesunanekI zaktikI nyUnAdhikatAke sivA aura kucha nahIM hai| dekhe aura sune hue viSayako jo manuSya dekhate yA sunate hI saMpUrNa rUpase dekha-suna pAtA hai, vahI usake marmako jalda samajha sakatA hai / isI lie A~khoMko jalda dekhane aura kAnoMko jalda sunanekI zikSA denA hara ekakA kartavya hai| kisa taraha vaha zikSA dI jAnI cAhie, yaha ThIka karanA sahaja nahIM hai aura koI bhI zikSA phalavatI hogI yA nahIM, yaha sandeha bhI uTha sakatA hai| kintu yaha bAta kahI jAtI hai ki zikSArthI puruSa jalda dekhane aura jalda sunane meM mana. lagAkara vAraMvAra ceSTA kare to abhyAsake dvArA kucha siddhi prApta kara sakatA hai / aise abhyAsakA suphala aneka jagaha dekhA jAtA hai / darzana aura zravaNake jisa tAratamyakI bAta yahA~ kahI jAtI hai, vaha sthUla tAratamyakI bAta nahIM, sUkSma tAratamyakI bAta hai / usakI parIkSA aneka taraha ho

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upAya / sakatI hai| jaise, parIkSArthI darzakake sAmane kisI khAsa raMgase ra~ge hue eka tAzake Tukar3eko eka takhtemeM lagAkara, bIcameM bijalIke cuMbakase khIMce hue aise lauhaphalakako, jisameM choTAsA cheda ho, lagAkara, cuMbakake sAtha jo bijalIke tArakA saMyoga hai use vicchinna kara lo, to vaha lauhaphalaka usI dama gira pdd'egaa| aura, girate girate jitanI dera usa lauhaphalakakA cheda tAzake Tukar3eke sAmane rahegA utanI hI dera taka dekhanevAlA usa tAzake TukaDeko dekha paavegaa| usa atyanta alpa samayakA parimANa jo hogA so usa lauhaphalakakI nIcekI gatike parimANa aura chedake ghereke parimANase gaNita dvArA nizcita kiyA jA sakatA hai| aura, chedake ghereke ghaTane-bar3haneke dvArA usa samayakA parimANa bhI icchAnusAra ghaTAyA-bar3hAyA jA sakatA hai / aisA dekhA gayA hai ki vaha samaya .005 sekiMDase bhI kama huA to koI bhI dekhanevAlA usa raMgIna tAzake Tukar3eko nahIM dekha pAtA (1) / sunaneke bAremeM parIkSA aura bhI sahaja hai| eka ghar3Ike pAsase parIkSArthI zrotAko krama kramase dUra haTaneko kaho, aura dekho ki kitanI dUra taka jAkara vaha ghar3Ike zabdako suna pAtA hai aura use gina sakatA hai| usa dUrIkA parimANa hI usa puruSakI zravaNazaktikI tIkSNatAkA pramANa hai| kasaratake sambandhameM yaha bhI yAda rakhanA cAhie ki kasarata niyamita ho, icchAnusAra ho, svAsthyavarddhaka ho aura udhara kAryakAriNI bhI ho| kasaratameM yadi niyamakA adhika bandhana hotA hai to vaha kaSTa aura aniSTakA kAraNa ho jAtI hai| aura, svAsthyake lie niyamita kasaratake samaya to tejIse daur3a sako, magara kAma par3ane para prayojanake samaya do paga bhI na cala sako, aisI vyAyAmazikSA niSphala hai| nidrA aura vizrAma atyanta prayojanIya haiN| kintu yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki unakI mAtrA sabake lie aura saba samaya samAna ho| thor3I avasthAmeM adhika nidrAkA prayojana hai| bAlaka sahaja hI so jAte haiM aura bahuta dera taka sote haiN| parIkSAse jAnA gayA hai ki anidrAkA phala deha aura mana donoMke (1) Dr. Scripture's New Psychology, Ch. VI dekho|

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102 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga lie atyanta aniSTakara hai (.) / yaha bAta vidyArthiyoMko acchI taraha samajhA denA ucita hai| aneka vidyArthI parIkSAkA samaya nikaTa Anepara pATha yAda karaneke lie adhika rAta taka jagate haiN| ve yaha nahIM samajhate ki usase pATha yAda karanemeM yathArtha suvidhA nahIM hotii| adhika rAta taka jagane meM kevala zarIra hI asustha nahIM hotA; usase mana bhI asustha ho jAtA hai aura koI viSaya samajhane aura smaraNa rakhanekI zakti ghaTa jAtI hai / basa, adhika rAta taka jagakara pATha yAda karanese adhika kArya nahIM hotA, viparIta phala hI hotA hai| kintu kevala chAtroMko doSa denA ucita nahIM hai| jina logoMke Upara parIkSAke niyama banAne aura pAThya viSayakI pustakeM nizcita karanekA bhAra hai, unakA bhI yaha dekhanA kartavya hai ki chAtroMke Upara unake bitabAhara aparimita bojha na lada jaay| nidrAkI taraha vizrAmakA bhI prayojana hai| kAraNa, vizrAma na karanese manuSya thaka jAtA hai, aura alpa samayameM adhika kAma nahIM kiyA jAsakatA / lekina vizrAmakA artha Alasya nahIM hai| Alasyase koI upakAra nahIM hotA, aura satya hI " na hi kazcit kSaNamapi jAtu tiSThatyakarmakRt " (gItA 3 / 5) arthAt , koI kSaNabhara bhI ekadama niSkarmA hokara baiTha nahIM sktaa| niyamita rUpase kAma karanA, aura eka prakArake kAryako hI bahuta derataka na karake, bhinnabhinna samayameM bhinnabhinna kAryoM meM laganA hI thakAvaTa dUra karanekA ekamAtra upAya hai (2) / aneka loga samajha sakate haiM ki jJAnalAbhake lie itane zArIrika niyama pAlanakA prayojana nahIM hai, buddhi agara hai to zarIra jaba taka nipaTa asvastha nahIM hotA taba taka jJAnalAbhameM koI bAdhA nahIM pdd'tii| lekina yaha samajhanA bhUla hai| asAdhAraNa buddhimAn aura medhAvIke lie, zarIrakI avasthA acchI na rahane para jJAnopArjanameM adhika vighnakI saMbhAvanA nahIM bhI ho; kintu sAdhAraNa vyaktike viSayameM yaha bAta nahIM kahI jA sktii| usake lie to yaha bAta (1) Marie de Manaceine's " Sleep " pp. 65-70 dekho| (2) Dr. Henry's Medicine and Mind, Ch. V dekho|

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upAya / 103 hai ki AhAra aura kasarata, nIMda aura vizrAmake bAre meM niyamapUrvaka calanese hI zarIra aura manakI avasthA jJAnopArjanake upayukta ho sakatI hai| saMkSepameM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki brahmacaryapAlana aura AhAra-nidrAkA saMyama hI zikSArthIke lie prazasta niyama hai| sahaja avasthAmeM aneka zArIrika niyamoMkA laMghana bhI kiyA jAya to vaha sahya hotA hai, aura aneka sahaja kAryoM meM vinA zArIrika zikSAke eka prakArase kAma bhI cala jAtA hai| kintu isI lie yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki zArIrika niyamoMkA pAlana aura zArIrika zikSA Avazyaka nahIM hai| niyamita AhAra, vyAyAma aura vizrAmake dvArA aneka durbala zarIra sabala ho jAte haiN| hAthoM aura A~khoMkI suzikSAke dvArA loga citra khIMcanemeM adbhuta nipuNatA prApta karate haiN| pakSAntarameM na sIkhanese citra khIMcanA to dUra rahA, eka sIdhI lakIreM bhI nahIM khIMcI jAtI / mana jaise zarIrakI apekSA sUkSma padArtha hai, vaise hI mAnasika zikSA bhI zArIrika zikSAkI apekSA kaThina viSaya hai| yahA~ para mAnasika zikSAkA usa arthameM vyavahAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai jisa arthakA bodha vidyAzikSA kahanese hotA hai| bhinna bhinna vidyAkI zikSA kahanese, jagatke bhinna bhinna vipayoMke jJAnakI prApti, yaha artha bhAsita hotA hai, kintu mAnasika zikSA yaha vAkya usake atirikta aura kuchakA bhI bodha karAtA hai, arthAt jJAnalAbha aura jJAnalAbhakI zaktiko bar3hAnA-ina donoMkA bodha karAtA hai| para kahI gaI vizeSa vizeSa vidyAoMko sIkhanese sAtha hI sAtha avazya hI mAnasika zikSA prApta hotI hai| jaise, darzanazAstra yA gaNitakI zikSAke sAtha sAtha buddhikA vikAsa hotA hai, itihAsa par3hanese abhyAsake dvArA smRtizaktikI vRddhi hotI hai| kintu yaha hone para bhI bhinna bhinna vidyA sIkhaneke sAtha sAtha mAnasika zikSA para alaga dRSTi rakhanekI AvazyakatA hai / kyoMki yadyapi vidyA-zikSA aksara mAnasika zaktiko bar3hatI hI hai, magara kabhI kabhI usase isake viparIta phala bhI utpanna hotA hai / lagAtAra eka vidyAkI AlocanA karate rahanese yadyapi manuSya usa vidyAmeM pAraMgata ho sakatA hai, kintu manakI sAdhAraNa zakti usake dvArA bar3haneke badale ghaTa hI jAtI hai| aura, isa taraha ' par3he

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204 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga likhe mUrkha' kahAye jAnevAle eka vicitra zreNIke logoMkI sRSTi hotI hai| vidyAzikSA karake bhI agara mAnasika zikSAke abhAvase loga isa taraha parihAsake pAtra bana sakate haiM, to vaha atyanta Avazyaka mAnasika zikSA kyA hai, aura vaha kisa taraha pAI jAtI hai ?-saba loga utsuka hokara yahI prazna kreNge| pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki mAnasika zikSAke mAne kevala kisI khAsa viSayakA jJAna prApta kara lenA hI nahIM hai / sabhI viSayoMmeM jJAna prApta karanekI zakti bar3hAnA hI usakA mUla lakSaNa hai| aneka viSayoMko yathAsaMbhava sIkhanA aura sabhI viSayoMko yathAzakti jAna lenekA abhyAsa hI usa zaktiko bar3hAneke upAya haiN| saba loga sabhI viSayoM meM nipuNatA nahIM prApta kara sakate, kintu sabhI viSayoMkI sahaja bAtoMko kucha kucha samajhanekI zakti sabhI prakRtistha vyaktiyoMmeM rahanI cAhie, aura thor3A sA yatna karanese hI vaha zakti prApta ho jAtI hai| vidyAkI apekSA buddhi bar3I hai| vidyA kama hotI hai to bhI logoMkA kAma cala jAtA hai, lekina buddhi kama honese kAma calanA kaThina hai| yathArtha mAnasika zikSAke binA sahajameM jJAnalAbha nahIM hotaa| zArIrika aura mAnasika zikSAkI apekSA naitika zikSA adhikatara prayojanIya hai| zarIra sabala aura buddhi tIkSNa hone para bhI, jisakI nIti kaluSita hai, vaha apane aura anya sarvasAdhAraNake amaMgalakA kAraNa hotA hai| cANakyane yathArtha hI kahA hai durjanaH parihartavyo vidyayAlaGkRto'pi san / maNinA bhUSitaH sarpaH kimasau na bhayaGkaraH / / arthAt durjana vidvAn bhI ho to usakA saMga bacAnA cAhie / maNise alaMkRta hone para bhI kyA sarpa bhayaMkara jIva nahIM hai ? naitika zikSA jaise atiprayojanIya hai vaise hI kaTina bhI hai| sunIti kise kahate haiM, aura durnIti kise kahate haiM, yaha nizcaya karanA aksara sahaja hotA hai| kintu yaha honepara bhI naitika zikSAke yoM kaThina honekA kAraNa yaha hai ki sunIti kyA hai aura 'durnIti kyA hai, yaha jAna lenese hI naitika zikSAlAbhakA kArya nahIM sampanna hotaa| kAryataH sunItikA AcaraNa aura durnItikA tyAga karanA hI naitika zikSA prApta karanekA lakSaNa hai aura usI tarahakA kArya kara sakanA bahuta yatna

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upaay| 105 aura abhyAsakA phala hai| matalaba yaha ki naitika zikSA kevala jJAnaviSayaka nahIM hai| vaha pradhAnataH karmaviSayaka hai / hA~, naitika zikSA jJAnalAbhake lie ati prayojanIya hai| yadyapi durjana vidyAse alaMkRta ho sakatA hai, lekina durjanako yathArtha jJAnakI prApti aksara nahIM hotii| usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jJAnalAbhake lie jisa yatna aura abhyAsakI AvazyakatA hai usake lie upayogI manakA zAnta bhAva durjanoMke nahIM rahatA / ve tIkSNa buddhi ho sakate haiM, para dhIrabuddhi nahIM / ve sUkSma bAtako grahaNakA sakate haiM, magara kisI kisI viSayake sthUla aura yathArtha arthako nahIM samajha sakate / ve kutarka karake kuTila mArgameM jA sakate haiM, lekina suyuktike dvArA sarala siddhAntameM nahIM pahu~ca sakate / jahA~ koI doSa nahIM hai, vahA~ ve doSa dekhate haiM, aura jahA~ vAstavameM doSa hai vahA~ use unakI vakra dRSTi nahIM dekha pAtI / jAna par3atA hai, isIlie AryaRpi jise dekho use upadeza nahIM dete the| zAnta, sarala aura daMbhavarjita hue vinA koI unakA ziSya nahIM ho sakatA thA, arthAt ziSya pahale jabataka naitika zikSA nahIM prApta kara letA thA tabataka use ve jJAnakI zikSA nahIM dete the| aura bhI eka bAta hai| durjana yA durnItiparAyaNa puruSakA jar3ajagatsambandhI jJAna bar3hatA hai to usake dvArA saMsArakA aneka prakArase aniSTa ho sakatA hai| basa isIlie naitika zikSA sabase pahale Avazyaka hai| naitika zikSAke abhAvase hama logoMke aneka kaSTa bar3ha jAte haiM, aura aise hI nItizikSAke dvArA hamAre aneka kaSToMmeM kamI ho sakatI hai| yaha saca hai ki nItizikSAke dvArA hamAre dAridraya, roga, akAlamRtyukA nivAraNa nahIM hotA, kyoMki usake dvArA khAne-pahananeke upayogI padArtha yA rogazAntikI davA taiyAra karanekI kSamatA nahIM paidA hotii| kintu isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki nItizikSA Alasya-apavyaya Adise utpanna dAriza aura atibhojana-indriyAsakti Adise utpanna roga dUra karanekA upAya hai / sunItisampanna loga yathAsAdhya yatna karake dAridya aura rogake nivAraNameM nirantara tatpara rahate haiN| aura, dAridya, roga, akAlamRtyu, daivadurghaTanA Adi jahA~para anivArya haiM, vahA~ para usase utpanna duHkhake bojhako sahiSNutAke sAtha apane sira lAdanekI kSamatA nItizikSAke sivA aura kisI taraha nahIM utpanna hotI, aura vaha kSamatA isa sukha-duHkhamaya saMsArameM kucha alpamUlya sampatti nahIM hai|

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906 jJAna aura karma / [prathama bhAga -rrrrrrrisake sivA kucha socakara dekhanese samajhA jA sakatA hai ki daivadurvipAka Adise hameM jitanA duHkha milatA hai, hamArI durnIti usakI apekSA kama duHkha nahIM detii| pahale to hamArI apanI durnItise apaneko hI aneka prakArake yA saba tarahake duHkha milate haiN| atibhojana Adi asaMyata indriyasevAke kAraNa hameM taraha tarahake rogoMkI yaMtraNA bhoga karanI par3atI hai aura hama aksara akAlameM hI kAlakA kaura bana jAte haiM / durAkAMkSA, atilobha, IrSyA, dveSa Adi duSpravRttiyoMse hama nirantara tIvra mAnasika vedanA sahate haiN| dUsare, parAI durnItike kAraNa hama apamAna, vaJcanA, corI Adike dvArA dhananAza, zatruke hAthase AghAta aura apamRtyu Adi aneka prakArake gurutara kleza bhoga karate haiN| rASTraviplava (gadara), yuddha, aura usake sAtha honevAle saba amaMgala bhI manuSyakI durnItike hI phala haiN| isa lie indriyasaMyama aura duSpravRttike damanakI zikSAkA abhyAsa na karanese, kevala vijJAna-zikSAke dvArA bhogake padArtha aura rogakI davA Adi adhika mAtrAmeM taiyAra kara sakane para bhI, manuSya kabhI sukhI nahIM ho sktaa| Upara vidyAkA jo zreNI-vibhAga kiyA gayA hai, usameM AtmavijJAna yA antarjagat-viSayaka vidyAkA hI pahale ullekha kiyA gayA hai| kintu usakI acchItaraha zikSA sabase pahale kisItaraha saMbhava nhiiN| dehayukta AtmAkA AtmajJAna bahirjagatke jJAnalAbhake sAtha sAtha kramazaH vikAsako prApta hotA hai, aura usake vikAsake lie taraha tarahake karma karanekA bhI prayojana hotA hai| isI kAraNa hamAre zAstroM meM karmakANDake bAda jJAnakANDameM adhikAra nizcita huA hai| aura, isI kAraNa, jAna par3atA hai, zrIsa dezake dArzanika paNDita arisTATala aura unake ziSyoMne AtmavijJAnako 'uttara vijJAna' (1) nAmase abhihita kiyA hai| isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki nyAya Adi darzanazAstra aura manovijJAna AtmavijJAnake hI aMza haiN| hA~, isa bAtake lie matabheda ho sakatA hai ki gaNitavidyA Atma-vijJAnake antargata hai yA nhiiN| kintu gaNita jo hai vaha kAla-sthAna-mUlaka vidyA hai; aura kAla va sthAna antarjagat aura bahirjagat donoMkA viSaya hone para bhI zuddha gaNitake ( 1 ) Metaphysics zabdakA maulika artha yahI hai /

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upAya | 107 sabhI tattva antarjagatke nirvikalpa niyamake viSaya haiM / ataeva gaNitako AtmavijJAnake antargata kahanA bilkula asaMgata nahIM ho sakatA / gaNita eka atyanta vicitra vidyA hai| isameM kaI eka sAdhAraNa sarala svayaMsiddha tattvoM ke sahAre asaMkhya ati adbhuta jaTila durjJeya tattvoMkA nirNaya huA hai aura ho rahA hai / una tattvoMkA anuzIlana asIma AnandakI khAna hai, aura ve tattvasamUha vijJAnakI AlocanA aura saMsArake anyAnya aneka kAryoMke lie pUrNa rUpase hara taraha upayogI haiN| na samajha kara hI loga gaNitakI carcAko nIrasaM yA niSprayojana samajhate haiN| zikSakakI tAr3anA athavA zikSApraNAlIkI viDambanA hI isa dhAraNAkI jar3a hai / thor3A yatna karake yathAniyama sIkhanA zurU karanese sabhI loga thor3A bahuta gaNita sIkha sakate haiM / yaha bAta nahIM kahI jA sakatI ki sabhI loga isa vidyAmeM yA anya kisI anya vidyAmeM samAna pAradarzI ho sakate haiM / kintu gaNitacacake AnandakA anubhava sabhI loga kara sakate haiM aura gaNitake kucha tattvoMko sabhI loga sIkha sakate haiM, aura sabhIko yaha vidyA sIkhanI caahie| isa bAre meM saMdeear koI yathArtha kAraNa nahIM hai / manovijJAna antarjagat viSayaka vidyA hai| kintu kevala antardRSTike dvArA usake sabhI prayojanIya tattvoMkA nirNaya nahIM hotA / hamArI dehake sAtha manakA jaisA ghaniSTha sambandha hai, aura dehakI avasthAke Upara manakI avasthA jisataraha nirbhara hai, usase kahanA par3atA hai ki manastattvakA anuzIlana dehatattvake sAtha sAtha karanA cAhie, aura pAzcAtya dezoM meM isa samaya yahI hota hai ( 1 ) / isa praNAlIse manovijJAnakI carcA cale to vizeSa upakAra hone kI saMbhAvanA hai / aneka jagaha manakA vikAra aura durbalatA mastiSkasnAyuAdi dehake aMzoMke vikAra aura durbalatAse utpanna hotI hai, aura kisa jagaha aisI durbalatA huI hai yA vikAra huA hai, yaha mAlUma ho jAya to zArIrika cikitsA ke dvArA mAnasika vikAra aura durbalatA zAnta karanemeM vizeSa sahAyatA honekI saMbhAvanA hai| isakA eka sAdhAraNa dRSTAnta diyA jA ( 1 ) Scripture's New Psychology aura Wundt va Ladd Adike graMtha dekho /

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108 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga sakatA hai / agara dekhA jAya ki koI bAlaka pATha nahIM yAda rakha sakatA, to yaha anusaMdhAna karanA ucita hai ki vaha par3hanemeM mana nahIM lagAtA-isase aisA hotA hai, yA yathAzakti mana lagAkara bhI vaha kRtakArya nahIM hotaa| agara pahalI bAta ho, to vaha upAya karanA cAhie jisase par3hanemeM usakA mana lge| agara dUsarI bAta ho, to saMbhavataH usake mastiSkake vikAra yA durbalatAko usake pATha bhUlanekA kAraNa samajha kara, use dUra karaneke lie yathAyogya zArIrika cikitsA aura puSTikara AhArakI vyavasthA karanA Avazyaka hai| koI koI darzanazAstrako niSphala samajhate haiM / kintu " maiM kauna hU~? kahA~se AyA hU~? jagata kyA hai ? kyoM isakI sRSTi huI? hamAre isa jagatkA pariNAma kyA hai ? " ina saba praznoMkA uttara hamAre jJAnakI sImAke bAhara honepara bhI, hama ye prazna karanese nahIM rukte| kamase kama yahA~taka dekhe binA rukanA ucita bhI nahIM hai ki ina saba praznoMkA uttara kahA~taka pAyA jA sakatA hai, aura kahA~ para jAkara hameM nivRtta honA hogaa| basa, isI kAraNa darzanazAstroMkI carcA avazya hI hotI rhegii| bahirjagatmeM jar3a aura jIva donoM haiM / sthUla jaDavijJAna arthAt sthUla jar3akI gati aura sthiti viSayakI vidyAne gaNitakI sahAyatAse hamAre saura jagatke aneka adbhuta tattvoMkA nirNaya kiyA hai| nyUTanakA mAdhyAkarSaNakA AviSkAra aura AdamsakA nepacUna grahakA AviSkAra isa vidyAkA phala hai / aura, isa saura jagatko nA~gha kara samasta brahmANDake tArakApuJja aura nIhArikApuMjakI gatike nirUpaNakA upAya soca nikAleneke uddezako lekara yaha vidyA udyoga karanemeM udyata hai| sUkSma jaDa-vijJAna arthAt tApa prakAza aura vidyutakI kriyAkA nirNaya karanevAlI vidyA, eka ora saMsArake aneka sAdhAraNa kAryoMkI suvidhA kara rahI hai aura sAmAnya viSayameM hamArI kamIko dUra kiye detI hai, aura dUsarI ora jar3a padArtha kyA hai, tApa bijalI Adi zaktiyA~ mUlameM eka haiM yA vibhinna haiM, ityAdi dujJeya tatvoMke anusandhAna dvArA hamArI jJAnapipAsAko miTAnekA yatna kara rahI hai| jIvavijJAna jo hai vaha jIvanI zakti kyA hai, jIvakI utpatti vRddhi aura mRtyu kisa niyamake adhIna hai, ityAdi nigUDha tattvoMkA anusandhAna

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upAya / 109 karatI hai| usI anusandhAnakA phala yaha hai ki roga Adi aniSTase dehako bacAneke upAya nikalate haiM, aura udbhid padAthAkI unnati karake adhika mAtrAmeM khAneke padArtha paidA kiye jAte haiN| jIvavijJAna eka adbhuta tattva sthApita karaneke lie prayAsa kara rahA hai| vaha tattva yaha hai ki eka nimnatama zreNIke jIvase avasthAbhedake anusAra usake aneka rUpa badalate kramazaH ucca aura uccatara aneka jAtike jIvoMkI sRSTi huI hai| isa tattvake anuyAyI matako kramavikAsa yA vivarttavAda kahate haiN| jIvatattvake jJAtA paNDitoMne isa matako pramANita karane kI ceSTA kI hai __ aura kara rahe haiN| ve loga kaI pramANa dete haiN| manuSyake bhrUga-zarIrake AraM bhase lekara pUrNa avasthA prApta hone taka, jarAyumeM, kramazaH AkArameM jo saba parivartana hote haiM ve bhI ukta matake samarthanameM pramANa-svarUpa dikhalAye jAte haiM / jarAyumeM sthita manuSya-zarIrake una saba bhinna bhinna AkAroM ke sAtha nimna zreNIke bhinna bhinna jAtike jIvoMkI dehake AkArakA adbhuta sAdRzya hai| yaha sAdRzya dekha kara jIvavijJAna isa siddhAnta para pahuMcanA cAhatA hai ki jAtigata rUpaparivartana aura bhrUNAvasthAmeM honevAlA vyaktigata rUpaparivartana eka hI niyamake adhIna hai| arthAt jisa prakArake parivartana dvArA jarAyuke bhItara prathama apUrNAvasthAke AkArase lekara antako pUrNAvasthAke manuSyakA AkAra utpanna hotA hai, vaise hI parivartanake dvArA jagatmeM nimna jAti ke jIvale mAnavajAtikI utpatti huI hai (1) / koI koI kaha sakate haiM ki paurANika daza avatAroMkA tattva jIvavijJAnakI isa bAtako puSTa karatA hai| kAraNa, prathama chaH avatAra matsya, kUrma, vArAha, nRsiMha, vAmana aura parazurAma haiM, aura inake krama para dhyAna denese dekhA jAtA hai ki nimnase ucca aura uccase uccatara jIvakI pariNati huI hai| jaise, jalacara paira Adi aMgoMse hIna machalIse jala-sthala donoM meM calanevAle aura eka prakArake hasta-pada-yukta kachuA, jalasthalacara kachuese sthalacara catuSpada zUkara, zUkarase AdhA pazu aura AdhA nara nRsiMha, nRsiMhase vAmana arthAt kSudra nara aura antako pUrNa naradehadhArI parazurAma avatArakI utpatti huI hai| tathApi ye saba bAteM - (1) Hacckel's Evolution of Man dekho|

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110 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga kevala subuddhikI kalpanAmAtra haiM, yA yathArtha tattvamUlaka haiM, isa sambandhameM bahuta kucha sandeha raha sakatA hai| cAhe jo ho, jarAyumeM sthita naradehakA kramazaH parivartita rUpa aura nimna zreNI meM sthita jIvadehakA kramazaH AkArabheda, ina donoM meM adbhuta sAdRzya hai, aura vaha vizeSarUpase anuzIlanake yogya hai| jIvavijJAnakA aura eka vicitra AviSkAra yaha hai ki aneka jIvajagake lie hitakArI aura ahitakArI kArya kITANupuJjake dvArA saMpanna hote haiN| jaise, udbhid (per3a-latA) ke bar3hanake lie khAda taiyAra karanA, jantuke AhArako pacAne meM sahAyatA karanA Adi hitake kArya haiM, aura yakSmA (tapedika ), visUcikA (haijA) Adi utkaTa roga paidA karanA ityAdi ahitake kArya haiN| kITANutattva jIvavijJAnakA eka pradhAna vibhAga hai, aura usake anuzIlanase kITANuoMse honevAle hitakara kAryoMkI vRddhi aura ahitakara kAryoMkA hAsa ho sakatA hai| yaha kahanekI vizeSa AvazyakatA nahIM ki jIvavijJAnakA eka vibhAga, cikitsAzAstraati prayojanIya vidyA hai, aura usakA kucha jJAna haraeka manuvyako honA caahie| naitika arthAt jIvake sajJAnakAryaviSayaka vijJAnake vibhAgameM sabase pahale bhASA sAhitya aura zilpavijJAnakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vAstavameM bhASA sajJAna jIvakI eka adbhuta saSTi hai, aura yadyapi bhASAke vinA socanekA kAma cala sakatA hai yA nahIM, isake sambandhameM pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki matabheda hai, aura usakI yahA~ para phira AlocanA karanA niSprayojana hai, kintu yaha bAta sabhIko svIkAra karanI hogI ki binA bhASAke darzana-vijJAna AdikI carcA aura jJAnakA pracAra atyanta durUha hotA / bhASAkI sRSTi kisa taraha huI, isa praznakA uttara denA sahaja nahIM hai / isa sambandhameM buddhimAnoM aura vidvAnoMne aneka mata prakaTa kiye haiN| bhASAkI unnati aura avanati kisa niyamake adhIna hai aura naI bhASA kisa taraha sahajameM sIkhI jA sakatI hai, isa sambandhameM bhI bahuta matabheda hai| kintu ina donoM viSayoMkA anuzIlana barAbara sadAse ho rahA hai, aura vaha karmakSetrameM atyanta Avazyaka bhI hai| manupyake svabhAvasiddha saundaryAnurAgane sundara bhAvoMko sundara bhASAmeM aura sundara citra AdimeM prakaTa karanekI ceSTA karake sAhitya aura zilpakI sRSTi kI

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upAya / 111 hai| sAhitya aura zilpase hama aneka prakArakI jAnakArI prApta karate haiM, unase hameM aneka satkarma karanekI preraNA milatI hai| vaha sAhitya aura zilpa agara kurucipUrNa racanA huI to usake dvArA aneka samaya hama kumArgagAmI bhI ho sakate haiM aura kukarma bhI kara sakate haiN| itihAsa manuSyake sajJAna kAryakA vivaraNa hai| kisa jAtine kaba kahA~ kyA kiyA hai, kevala isIkI sUcI rakhanA itihAsakA uddezya nahIM hai / una saba kAryoMkA kAraNa kyA hai, aura unakA phala kyA huA, aura bhinna bhinna jAtiyoMkA abhyutthAna, unnati aura avanati kisa niyamase huI hai, manuSyajAti kisa niyamase kisa mArgameM Age bar3ha rahI hai, ina saba tattvoMkA nirNaya karanA hI itihAsakA uddezya hai| __ manuSya akele nahIM raha sakatA; samAja bA~dhakara rahatA hai / samAja jAtise choTA aura parivArase bar3A hotA hai / aneka vyaktiyoMko lekara eka parivArakA saMgaThana hotA hai, aneka parivAra milakara eka samAja hotA hai, aura aneka samAja milakara eka jAti banatI hai| pArivArika bandhanakA mUla vivAha hai, jAtIya bandhanakA mUla eka bhASA, eka dharma aura eka rAjAke adhIna honA, athavA kamase kama ina tInoMmeMse eka bAta hai| sAmAjika bandhanakA mUla hai samAjabaddha vyaktiyoMkI icchA / parantu jaise koI bhI vyakti saMpUrNarUpase apanI icchAke adhIna nahIM hai-sabhI rAjA yA rAjazaktike dvArA sthApita niyamoMke adhIna hote haiM, vaise hI samAja bhI usI niyamake adhIna huA karatA hai| samAjakA jo vandhana hai vaha usameM ba~dhe hue vyaktiyoMkI apanI icchAse utpanna hai, parAI icchAke adhIna nahIM hai| isI kAraNa samAjakA itanA Adara hai aura vaha itanA hitakara hai / samAjake zAsanako eka prakArakA AtmazAsana kaheM to kaha sakate haiN| vaha kaThora nahIM hai, aura usake dvArA loga aneka anyAya kAryoMse roke jAte haiN| koI koI isa marmako na samajhakara samAjakA apamAna karate haiM, aura AIna-adAlatake zAsanako chor3akara aura kisI zAsanako mAnanA nahIM cAhate / ve atyanta bhrAnta haiM / samAjanIti ati vicitra viSaya hai / samAja jaba samAjabaddha vyaktiyoMkI icchAke Upara pratiSThita hai, taba kisI bhI samAjakI nIti avazya hI usa samAjake vyaktiyoMkI yA unameMse adhikAMzakI prakaTa yA aprakaTa icchAke dvArA

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112 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga anumodita hai, aisA mAnanA par3egA / aba prazna uThatA hai ki usa icchAkA mUla kahA~ hai ? isake uttarameM kahA jA sakatA hai ki logoMkI icchAkA mUla unake pahaleke saMskAra zikSA aura vartamAna prayojana hai| kucha socakara dekhanehIse samajhameM AjAtA hai ki hamArI icchA bhI hamArI icchAke adhIna arthAt svAdhIna nahIM hai,vaha kArya-kAraNa sambandhI niyamake adhIna hai| pahale jina kaI eka mUloM yA kAraNoMkA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, unhIMse hamArI icchA utpanna hai / samAjanItikA anuzIlana aura saMzodhana karanemeM usa nItike mUla para dRSTi rakhanA. Avazyaka hai| agara usa para dRSTi nahIM rakkhI gaI to usa anuzIlana aura saMzodhanakI ceSTA phalaprada nahIM ho sktii| arthanIti aura eka prayojanameM AnevAlI bahuta jarUrI vidyA hai| koI koI ise nikRSTa vidyA kahate haiM; para unakA yaha kathana ThIka nahIM hai / koI vidyA arthAt jJAna nikRSTa nahIM ho sakatA / hA~, arthanItikA bhrAMta anuzIlana aura artha ( daulata ) kA ekAnta anusaraNa nikRSTa ho sakatA hai / yahA~ para arthazabdase kevala rupae-paisekA bodha nahIM hotA, usakA artha mUlyavAn sampattimAtra samajhanA caahie| agara yahI bAta hai, to kamase kama arthanItikA kucha anuzIlana to manuSyamAtrake lie ati Avazyaka hai| kAraNa, dehadhArI manuSyake zarIrakI rakSAke lie jina saba vastuoMkA atyanta prayojana hai, ve prAyaH sabhI mUlyavAn haiM, kucha bhI binA mUlya nahIM miltaa| yahA~taka ki nirmala vAyu aura ujvala prakAza bhI janasamUhaparipUrNa aura ghanI bastI yA asaMkhya imAratoMvAle nagarameM binA mUlya duSprApya hotA hai / kisa niyamase vastukA mUlya kama-jyAdaha hotA hai ? kahA~taka dhanI loga zramajIviyoMse apane lAbhake lie mehanata karA sakate haiM ? rAjazAsana hI kahA~taka arthanItike kSetrameM prayojanIya yA susaMgata hai ?-ityAdi praznoMkA uttara kucha kucha jAnanA sabhIke lie kartavya hai| rAjanIti atyanta gahana zAstra hai| tattvakA nirNaya sarvatra hI durUha hai, kintu anyAya zAstroMkI apekSA isa zAstrake adhika durUha honekA kAraNa yaha hai ki jina saba tattvoMkA nirNaya isa zAstrakA uddezya hai ve ati jaTila haiM, aura unake anuzIlanameM bhramameM par3a jAnA bahuta sahaja hai| rAjazaktikA

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chaThA adhyAya jJAna-lAbhake upaay| 113 prayojana kyA hai aura usakA mUla kahA~ hai, arthAt ekakI svAdhInatApara anyake zAsana karanekA prayojana kyA hai aura vaha adhikAra kisa sUtrase hai, kisa praNAlIse vaha zAsana acchA hotA hai, ina saba tattvoMkA nirNaya rAjanItikA mUla uddezya hai / sabhI manuSya svAdhInatA-priya aura svAdhInatAke adhikArI haiM, sAtha hI ekakI pUrNa svAdhInatA anyakI pUrNa svAdhInatAkA vi. rodha karatI hai| kAraNa, eka vyakti agara kisI ramya sthAna yA bhalI vastu para adhikAra karanA cAhe to aura koI usa samaya usa para apanA adhikAra nahIM sthApita kara sktaa| isa tarahake parasparakI svAdhInatAke virodhakI mImAMsA, arthAt svAdhInatAkA zAsana, sahaja mAmalA nahIM hai| usake Upara phira manuSyagaNa nAnAdezavAsI haiM, aura bhinna bhinna dezavAsiyoMkA svArtha bhI vibhinna aura aneka sthaloMpara parasparaviruddha hai| eka dezake rahanevAloMmeM bhI vibhinna samAja, vibhinna dharma, vibhinna jAtIya bhAva ityAdi aneka prakArake alagAvake kAraNa unake svArthameM paraspara virodha pAyA jAtA hai| ina saba aneka prakArake virodhoMke ghAta-pratighAtase isa pRthvIpara manuSyoMkA parasparakA sambandha asaMkhya-vicitra-AvartasaMkula aura atijaTila ho rahA hai / isI lie rAjA aura prajAke sambandhakA vicAra aura zAsanapraNAlIke niyamoMkA nirUpaNa eka atyanta kaThina mAmalA hai / athaca isa sambandhavicAra aura niyamanirUpaNake kAryake sAtha jaba hama logoMkA parama priya svArtha, arthAt apanI svAdhInatA, jakar3I huI hai, aura usake saMkIrNa honekI AzaMkA maujUda hai, taba manuSyakI svabhAvasiddha svArthaparatA hama logoMko mohAndha kara sakatI hai, aura usake dvArA isa AlocanAmeM paga paga para hamAre bhrAnta honekI adhika saMbhAvanA hai| phira isa sambandha-vicAra aura niyama-nirUpaNameM koI gurutara bhrama rahajAnese bahuta kucha aniSTa ho sakatA hai| rAjA yA rAjazakti agara nyAyake anusAra kArya nahIM karatI to prajAmeM asantoSa paidA ho jAtA hai| udhara prajA agara nyAyAnumodita rAjabhaktise hIna hotI hai aura rAjazAsanako nahIM mAnatI to phira rAjA zAntirakSAke nAma para zAsanako adhikatara dRr3ha aura kaThora kara detA hai / basa, rAjA aura prajAmeM asadbhAva (mana-moTAva ) bar3hatA rahatA hai, aura usake kAraNa dezameM aneka prakArakI azAnti paidA hotI rahatI hai| ina jJAna0-8

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114 jJAna aura karma / [ prathama bhAga saba kAraNoMse, rAjanItike atyanta gahana hone para bhI, usake mUla tattvoMko kucha kucha jAnanA sabake lie ucita hai / kamase kama yaha bAta jAnanA sabhIke lie Avazyaka hai ki rAjA kevala dezakI zobhAke lie yA usakI apanI sukha-svacchandatA aura anyake Upara hukUmatakA upayoga karaneke lie nahIM hotA / dezakI zAntirakSAke lie hI usakA astitva hai, aura isI lie usakA prabhAva akhaNDita rahanA atyanta Avazyaka hai / I vyavahAranIti (kAnUna) rAjanItikA eka ati prayojanIya aMza hai / prajAmeM paraspara honevAle vivAda kI mImAMsA ke lie vyavahArazAstrakI sRSTi huI hai / yaha kevala vyavahArajIvI ( vakIla - bairisTara ) logoMkI hI vidyA nahIM hai / haraeka vyaktiko isa zAstrakA kucha jJAna rahanA cAhie / kAraNa, svatva-asvatvako lekara haraeka vyaktikA aurake sAtha jhagar3A honA saMbhava hai / dharmanIti saba zAstroMke UparakA zAstra hai / jo loga IzvaravAdI haiM, arthAt Izvarako jagatkA AdikAraNa mAnate haiM, unake matameM Izvara kI prApti hI jIvakA carama lakSya hai / isalie dharmanItike hI dvArA unake saba kArya anuzAsita hote haiM / jo loga Izvarako nahIM mAnate, unake mata meM dharmanIti aura AcAranIti eka hI hai / kintu ve jaba sadAcAra arthAt nyAyaparatAko manuSyake saba kAryoMkA zreSTha niyama mAnate haiM, taba unake mata meM bhI dharmanIti aura AcAranIti saba zAstroMke UparakA zAstra hai / dharmanItikA Izvaratattva, brahmatattva, arthAt jJAnavibhAgakA eka aMza, ati kaThina hai / kintu usakA dUsarA aMza ati sahaja hai / kauna kArya ucita hai aura kauna kArya anucita hai, yaha jAnanA adhikAMza sthaloMmeM hI ati sahaja hai / kintu usa jJAnake anusAra kArya karanA aneka sthaloMmeM hI kaThina hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jJAnakI apekSA karma kaThina hotA hai / jJAnako kArya meM pariNata karaneke lie aneka dinoMkA abhyAsa Avazyaka huA karatA hai / eka sAdhAraNa dRSTAnta meM yaha bAta spaSTa dekhI jAtI hai / yaha hama saba jAnate haiM ki saralarekhA kise kahate haiM, aura vaha kisa taraha khIMcI jAtI hai / kintu kucha -laMbI sarala rekhAko kisI yantrakI sahAyatAke binA ke AdamI khIMca sakate

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upAya / 115 haiM ? isI kAraNa manuSya jitanI jaldI dharmanItikI AlocanA aura satkarmakA abhyAsa AraMbha kara sake utanA hI acchaa| (2) zikSAkI praNAlI / zikSAke viSayake sambandhameM Upara kucha kahA gayA hai| zikSAke viSaya asaMkhya haiM; unameMse kevala kaI eka zAstra yA vidyAke sambandhameM do-eka bAteM kahI gaI haiN| aba zikSAkI praNAlIke sambandhameM kucha AlocanA kI jaaygii| zikSAke viSaya jaba itane vistRta haiM, aura una aneka viSayoMkA kucha kucha jJAna prApta karanA jaba sabhIke lie Avazyaka hai, taba yaha prazna sabhIke manameM uThegA ki kisa praNAlIse zikSA denese thor3e samaya aura thor3e zramameM, sIkhanevAlA adhika viSaya sIkha sakatA hai ? isa praznakA ThIka uttara pAneke lie bhI avazya hI sabake manameM Agraha utpanna hogaa| prAcIna samayase sabhI dezoMmeM isa praznakI AlocanA hotI ArahI hai, aura buddhimAn logoMne samaya samaya para isa viSaya para aneka prakArake mata prakaTa kiye haiN| una saba matoMkI acchI taraha AlocanA karanA, yA unakA pUrA byorA likhanA, isa granthakA uddezya nahIM hai| isa jagaha para kevala saMkSepameM una saba matoMkA ullekha karake zikSApraNAlIke saMbandhameM jina jina mUlatattvoM taka pahu~cA jAtA hai, vahI likhA jaaygaa| __ prAcIna bhAratameM brAhmaNoMkI zikSA hI AdarzazikSA ginI jAtI thii| usa * zikSAkA uddezya, sIkhanevAle vidyArthIke hRdayameM dharmabhAvakA udreka aura use brahmajJAnakA lAbha honA hI thA / aura, usa zikSAkI praNAlI thI kaThora brahmacaryapAlana dvArA zikSArthIke zarIra aura manako saMyata karake aura usameM aTala gurubhakti utpanna karake use zikSAlAbhake yogya banA lenA (.) / laukika vidyAoMkI AlocanA bhI avazya hotI thI (2), kintu vaidika aura AdhyAtmika jJAnakA lAbha hI zikSAkA pradhAna uddezya thA / daihika utkarSasAdhana para bhI dhyAna avazya thA / brahmacaryapAlana aura saMyamake abhyAsase vaha uddezya Apa hI bahuta kucha siddha ho jAtA thaa| karmakI apekSA jJAnakI zreSThatA svIkRta (1) manusaMhitAkA dUsarA adhyAya aura chAndogya upaniSad 5 / 3 dekho / (2) manusaMhitAkA dUsarA adhyAya, 117 vA zloka dekho|

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jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga honepara bhI, karmaphala avazya bhoganA par3atA hai-isa samajhake kAraNa, asat karmakA tyAga aura satkarmakA AcaraNa zikSAkA eka aMza thA / aihika sukhakI anityatAkA bodha prabala honeke kAraNa jar3ajagatke tattvoMkI khojake prati avahelA aura AdhyAtmika jJAna prApta karane meM ekAgratA utpanna huI, aura usakA phala yaha huA ki bhAratake buddhimAnoMne AdhyAtmika tattvake anuzIlanameM asAdhAraNa unnati kara lI, kintu dezakI Arthika aura audyogika avasthA dina dina avanata hotI gii| caitanyajagat jar3ajagatse zreSTha hone para bhI, IzvarakI sRSTikI ekatAkA niyama aisA vicitra hai ki usake sabhI aMza paraspara eka dUsarakI apekSA rakhate haiM aura kisI bhI aMzakI avahelA karanese usakA pratiphala avazya hI bhoganA par3atA hai| prAcIna grIsameM, zikSArthI jisameM jJAnI ho sake usI ora pradhAnarUpase zikSAkA lakSya thA, aura zikSApraNAlI bhI usake upayogI thii| prAcIna romameM zikSArthIko pradhAnarUpase karmaniSTa banA lenA hI zikSAkA uddezya thaa| yuropameM, madhyayugameM grIsa aura romakI calAI huI praNAlI, aura IsAI dharmake abhyutthAnameM navIna dharmabhAvase prerita cintAkA srota, ina donoMke milanese zikSA-praNAlIne eka nayA bhAva dhAraNa kiyA, aura usameM pahalakI apekSA AdhyAtmika tattvake anuzIlanakI kucha adhikatara pradhAnatA dekha par3atI hai| kintu isa praNAlImeM kaI eka bhArI doSa the| eka to zikSA pradhAnarUpase zabdagata thI, arthAt jitanI zabdagata thI utanI vastugata nahIM thii| zabdoMkI mArapeMca, vyAkaraNake vidhi-niSedha aura nyAyake tarka-vitarkameM hI vidyArthIkA adhika samaya bIta jAtA thA / yathArtha vastu yA padArthake jJAnakI ora utanI dRSTi nahIM rakkhI jAtI thii| dUsare, bahirjagat aura antarjagat donoMke tattvoMkI khojameM paryavekSaNa tathA parIkSAkI sahAyatA na lekara kevala cintA aura tarkake dvArA jJAna prApta karaneke prayAsakI zikSA dI jAtI thI, aura vaha prayAsa prAyaH niSphala hI hItA thaa| tIsare, zikSAke vastugata na hokara zabdagata honese, aura paryavekSaNa tathA parIkSAke badale kevala cintA aura tarkakA sAhAyya lenase, usakA phala yaha huA thA ki vaha zikSA, naye naye jJAnake lAbhase utpanna AnandakI khAna na hokara, nIrasa raTanta aura niSphala cintAke. parizramase utpanna kaSTakA kAraNa ho uThI thii|

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upAya / ___ ina saba doSoMko dUra karaneke lie cintAzIla mahAtmA logoMne samaya samaya para aneka upAya nikAle haiN| rATisa aura kamIniyasane zikSAko vastugata aura prakRtike niyamake anurUpa-arthAt jisa niyamase prakRti pazupakSiyoMko zikSA detI hai usa niyamake anuyAyI-banAneke lie aneka bAteM kahI haiN| rAbelasa aura mAnTenne zikSAkA aura bhI jarA U~cA Adarza dikhalAyA hai| ve kahate haiM, zikSAke dvArA zikSArthIke zarIra aura manako aisA gaThita karanA cAhie ki usake dvArA vaha eka yathArtha manuSya banAyA jAya / iMglaiMDake prasiddha kavi milTana aura prasiddha dArzanika lakane bhI zikSAke isI ucca AdarzakA Azraya lekara apane granthoM meM zikSAke niyama likhe haiM / rUso, pesTAlaTsI aura phrAvela bhI zikSAko manuSya taiyAra karanekA, arthAt zikSArthIke caritragaThanakA, upAya mAnate haiM / zikSAkI kaThoratA miTAneke lie ina logoMne vizeSa yatna bhI kiyA hai| mahAtmA phrAbelake matameM vidyAlayako bAlodyAnakA rUpa denA cAhie / inakI calAI zikSApraNAlI ' bAlodyAna' praNAlI kahalAtI hai aura isa dezameM bhI pracalita ho cukI hai| _ zikSApraNAlIke sambandhameM aneka dezoMmeM aneka samayoMmeM jo mata prakaTa kiye gaye haiM unakI AlocanA karake aura zikSAke uddezya para dRSTi rakha kara jina kaI eka sthUla siddhAntoM para pahu~cA jAtA hai ve yahA~ saMkSepameM likhe jAte haiN| yahA~ para yaha kaha denA ucita hai ki nIce jo likhA jAtA hai usakA kucha aMza merI likhI huI 'zikSA' nAmakI pustakase uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| (1) zikSApraNAlIkA nirUpaNa karaneke lie zikSAke uddezyakA nirUpaNa Avazyaka hai / zikSAkA uddezya zikSArthIke lie prayojanIya jJAnakI prApti aura usakA sarvAGgIna utkarSasAdhana hai| kevala jJAnI honese hI yatheSTa na samajha lenA cAhie; isa karmabhUmimeM karmaTha honA bhI hamAre lie vaisA hI prayojanIya hai| jIvanakI avadhi kama hai, lekina jJAnake viSayoMkI sImA nahIM hai| sabhI viSayoMkA jJAna prApta karanA kisIke lie bhI sAdhya nahIM hai| isa kAraNa prayojana bharakA jJAna pAkara hI santuSTa honA hogaa| aura, karmaTha bananeke lie deha aura mana donoMke sarvAGgIna utkarSakA sAdhana Avazyaka hai| * Kindergarten zabdakA yahI artha hai|

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AAAAAA 118 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga yahA~para prayojana bharake jJAna aura sarvAGgIna utkarSake sambandhameM do-eka bAteM kahanA Avazyaka hai| ___ kaI eka viSayoMke sambandhameM kucha jJAna sabhIke lie prayojanIya hai| jaise moTe taurapara hamAre zarIrakI bhItarI racanA aura kArya kaise haiM, aura kisa niyamase calanese dehake svAsthyakI rakSA aura puSTikI vRddhi hotI hai, hamArI saba mAnasika kriyAe~ moTe taurapara kisa niyamase calatI haiM, hama kahA~se Aye haiM aura antako kahA~ jAya~ge, ityAdi viSayoMkA kucha kucha jJAna honA sabhIke lie Avazyaka hai| phira aneka viSaya aise haiM jinakA samagra honA sabake lie Avazyaka nahIM / ve viSaya aise haiM ki jisane jo pezA svIkAra kara rakkhA hai use usI viSayakI jAnakArI hAsila karanakI jarUrata hai| jaise vaidyakakA viSaya vaidyake lie, AIna kAnUnakA viSaya vakIla-bairisTarake lie aura kRSizAstra kisAnake lie avazya jAnanakI cIja hai| sarvAGgIna utkarSasAdhanake sambandhameM eka kaThina prazna uTha sakatA hai| eka orakI saMpUrNa unnatikI ceSTA karanemeM dUsarI orakI saMpUrNa unnati bahudhA asAdhya ho jAtI hai| jaise, dehakI saMpUrNa unnatikA yatna karo, to manakI saMpUrNa unnatike lie jo mAnasika zrama Avazyaka hai usake lie samaya nahIM rahatA, aura vaise hI mAnasika unnatike lie zrama karo, to dehakI saMpUrNa unnatimeM usI kAraNase vighna par3atA hai| deha aura manakI unnati jaba isa prakAra parasparavirodhI hai taba kyA kartavya hai ? isa praznakA kevala eka hI uttara saMbhavapara hai| aise virodhakI jagaha vAMchita utkarSakI pradhAnatAke tAratamya aura zikSA ke prayojana, ina donoM bAtoM para dRSTi rakhakara pratyeka sthalameM kArya karanA hogaa| jaise bAlyakAlameM dehako puSTa banAnA atyanta Avazyaka hai, aura udhara jJAnopArjana aura mAnasika utkarSasAdhanakI zakti thor3I hotI hai; ataeva usa samaya daihika utkarSasAdhanake Upara vizeSa dRSTi rakha kara zikSA denI caahie| usake kramazaH kucha kucha karanese bhI kAma cala sakatA hai / aura yaha yAda rakhanA cAhie ki jisa zikSArthIkA zarIra durbala hai usakI dehake bAremeM sabaladeha zikSArthIkI apekSA adhika yatna karanekA prayojana hai| asala bAta yaha hai ki jaise niyamase calanemeM zikSAkA samagraphala adhika ho vahI niyama svIkAra karanA cAhie

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upAya | 119 eka tarapha ekadama ayatna karake dUsarI tarapha atyanta adhika yatna karane kAma nahIM cala sakatA; saba tarapha najara rakhakara calanA cAhie / aisI jagaha para gaNitake gariSTa-phala-nirUpaNakA niyama smaraNIya hai| usakA eka udAharaNa yahA~ para de denA ekadama aprAsaMgika na hogA / eka ' vRtta ' ke bIca bahuta bar3A ' tribhuja ' khIMcanA ho to bahuta bar3A ' laMba ' khojanese kAma nahIM cala sakatA / kAraNa bRhattama laMba khojA jAyagA to tribhuja ekadama gAyaba ho jAyagA / bRhattama bhUmi khojanase bhI kAryasiddha na hogA | ThIka bRhattama tribhuja vRttamadhyastha samabAhu tribhuja hogA / hamAre kisI bhI viSaya meM pUrNatA nahIM hai; sabhI viSayoMmeM hama sImAbaddha vRttake bhItara kArya karate haiN| hamAre jIvanakI aneka samasyAe~ hI gaNita ke. gariSThaphalanirUpaNakI samasyAkI taraha haiN| kisI eka ora ucca AkAMkSA karanese, adhika phalakA lAbha dUra rahe, kabhI kabhI ekadama nirAza honA hotA hai / sabhI tarapha dRSTi rakhakara AkAMkSAko zAnta yA pUrNa karanese hI yathAsaMbhava phala pAyA jAtA hai / eka orakA utkarSasAdhana jaise dUsarI orake utkarSasAdhanakA virodhI hai, vaise hI zikSArthIkA utkarSasAdhana aura jJAnalAbha ina donoM meM bhI kucha kucha paraspara virodha ho sakatA hai / yathAsaMbhava jJAnalAbha ke lie jo yatna aura zrama Avazyaka hai, vaha prAyaH zikSArthIke manake utkarSako saMpanna karatA hai / sutarAM vahA~taka jJAnalAbha aura mAnasika utkarSasAdhana sAtha sAtha calatA hai / lekina daihika utkarSasAdhana bhI usIke sAtha sarvatra hotA hai ki nahIM, yaha ThIka nahIM kahA jA sakatA / jahA~ para vaha nahIM hotA vahA~para yathAsaMbhava dehake bhI utkarSasAdhana ke lie alaga yatna karanA Avazyaka hai, aura usake dvArA jJAnalAbhake lie upayogI zramakI sahAyatA ho sakatI haiM / kintu adhika jJAnaarre lie jo yatna aura zrama Avazyaka hai vaha agara zikSArthIkI smRti - zakti aura zramazaktise atirikta ho, to usake dvArA usake deha aura manakA utkarSa na hogA, balki ulaTe aniSTaghaTanA hI ho sakatI hai / aura, aise sthala meM usako milA huA jJAna vyavahArayogya zastra yA zobhana bhUSaNa na hokara bhArasvarUpa ho jAtA hai aura use paNDitamUrkha zreNI ke antargata banA detA hai /

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120 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga yaha bAta yAda rakhanese hI samajhameM A jAyagA ki zikSAke viSaya aura pAThya pustakoMkI saMkhyA bar3hA denese hI zikSAkI unnati nahIM hotii| ucca parIkSA yA sammAnalAbhArtha parIkSAmeM zikSAke viSayoM aura pAThya pustakoMkI saMkhyA adhika honA ucita hai| kintu nimna parIkSA yA sAdhAraNa upAdhilAbhakI parIkSA meM aisA niyama karanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai / kAraNa, usa parIkSAke lie svabhAvataH aneka loga prArthI hoMge, aura cAhe jisa kisI prakArase usa parIkSAmeM pAsa honekI ceSTA kareMge, aura pAsa bhI hoNge| magara zikSAke viSaya adhika honese, usase unake lie yathArtha jJAnalAbha aura utkarSa sAdhanakI saMbhAvanA nahIM rhegii| ____ koI koI kaha sakate haiM ki mAnavajAtikI unnatike lie kramazaH zikSAse prApta honevAle jJAnakA parimANa bar3hAnA ucita hai / yaha bAta ThIka hai / lekina usa parimANake bar3hAnekA kAma kramazaH aura sAvadhAnIke sAtha honA cAhie, aura zikSAlabdha jJAnake parimANakI vRddhi samAjake anAyAsaprApta jJAnake parimANakI vRddhike sAtha sAtha honI caahie| isa bAtake Upara eka Apatti yaha ho sakatI hai ki samAjake anAyAsaprApta jJAnakA parimANa bar3hAneke lie kamase kama usa bar3he hue parimANake jJAnakA Akara samAjake bhItara rahanA Avazyaka hai, aura zikSAlabdha jJAnakA parimANa bar3hAe binA vaha Akara kahA~se pAyA jAyagA ? isa ApattikA khaNDana karaneke lie yaha bAta kahI jA sakatI hai ki samAjake anAyAsalabdha yA sAdhAraNa jJAnakI vRddhike lie yadyapi zikSAse prApta honevAle jJAnakA pariNAma bar3hAnA Avazyaka hai, kintu vaha AvazyakatA saba zikSArthiyoMke lie nahIM hai / kAraNa, sabase yA adhikAMza zikSArthiyoMse zikSAke pUrNa phalakI AzA nahIM kI jA sktii| kucha eka tIkSNabuddhisampanna ucca zikSAbhilASI vidyArthI, upayukta zikSA aura yatheSTa utsAha milanese hI, svadezIya sarala aura sarvasAdhAraNake samajhane lAyaka bhASAmeM race gaye apane apane graMtha aura apane dvArA saMpAdita patrapatrikAoM meM prakAzita athavA sabhAsamitiyoM meM par3he gaye prabandha-nibandha Adise sAdhAraNa samAjake nAnAviSayaka jJAnakI unnati kara sakate haiN| zikSArthIkA jJAnalAbha aura usake daihika tathA mAnasika utkarSakA sAdhana, ina donoMmeM jaba dUsare uddezya arthAt daihika aura mAnasika utkarSasAdhanakI

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upAya | 121 pradhAnatA avazya hI svIkAra karanI hogI, taba usIke Upara adhika dRSTi rakhanA saba jagaha sabakA kartavya hai / aisA honese upakArake sivA koI hAni nahIM hogI / kAraNa, deha aura manakA utkarSa prApta hue binA zikSAse milA huA jJAna kAmameM nahIM lagAyA jA sakatA / kintu udhara deha aura manakA utkarSa siddha hojAnese zikSAlabdha jJAnakI mAtrA thor3I hone para bhI usase eka taraha kAma calA liyA jA sakatA hai / yahA~ para eka sAdhAraNa dRSTAnta dekara yaha bAta samajhAI jaaygii| kisI dUradezako jAnevAle yAtrIke pAsa kyA sAmAna rahanese acchA hogA ? pakA huA anna- vyaMjana sAtha honese acchA hogA, yA anna- vyaJjana Adi banA sakanekI kSamatA, jarUrI vartana vagairaha aura jarUratI sAmAna kharIdane lAyaka dhana pAsa honese acchA hogA ? pakAyA huA anna- vyaMjana sAtha honese vaha kitane dina calegA ? taiyAra bhojana vaha apane sAtha le hI kitanA jAyagA ? kintu rasoI banA sakanekI kSamatA aura jarUra - take mAphika sAmAna kharIdane bharakA dhana sadA saba jagaha usa yAtrIke kAma AvegA / usI taraha yaha AzA nahIM kI jA sakatI ki pahalekA milA huA jJAna sadA saba jagaha kAma AvegA, kintu sabala deha aura parimArjita buddhi sadA saba jagaha kAmake samaya tatkAla upayukta upAyakA AviSkAra karake kAryako susaMpanna kara le sakatI hai / buddhi na honepara korI vidyAse kucha kAma nahIM hotA / isa sambandha meM eka acchI kahAnI suna par3atI hai / eka moTI buddhikA vidyArthI saMpUrNa jyotiSazAstra acchI taraha par3hakara parIkSA deneke lie kisI rAjAkI sabhA meM pahu~cA / rAjAne apanI hIrekI a~gUThI muTThI meM lekara damabhara bAda usa usa vidyArthI se prazna kiyA ki " batAo, hamArI muThThI meM kyA hai ? " vidyArthIko jyotiSazAstra kaMTha thA / usane hisAba lagAkara palabharameM jAna liyA ki rAjAkI muTThI meM jo cIja hai vaha gola pattharase yukta hai aura usake bIca meM cheda hai / vaha moTI buddhivAlA chAtra tatkAla kaha uThA - "mahArAja, ApakI muhImeM cakkIkA pATa hai / " jyotiSake hisAba meM bhUla nahIM huI, parantu usakI moTI buddhine saba miTTI kara diyA / usa alpabuddhi paNDita mUrkhane yaha nahIM socA ki muDIke bhItara cakkIkA pATa kaise A sakatA hai / ( 2 ) zikSAkA uddezya jaba zikSArthIke lie prayojanIya jJAnakA lAbha aura saba aGgoM ke utkarSakA sAdhana hai, taba zikSApraNAlI ke nirUpaNake samba

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122 zAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga ndhameM dUsarI bAta " prayojanIya aura sarvAMgIna utkarSa kise kahate haiM ?" isa praznakI AlocanA hai| isa praznakA uttara kyA hai, isakA kucha AbhAsa japara de diyA gayA hai| aba vahI uttara aura bhI jarA spaSTa karake diyA jAtA hai| __ prayojanIya jJAnake viSaya do tarahake haiN| kucha viSaya aise haiM, jinheM jAnanA sabhIkA kartavya hai, aura kucha viSaya aise haiM jo zikSArthI jisa vyavasAya (peze ) ko grahaNa karanA cAhatA hai usake Upara nirbhara haiN| __ pahale prakArake viSaya ye haiM zikSA kI mAtRbhASA aura jina anya jAtiyoMke sAtha zikSArthIkA Age calakara saMsarga hogA unakI bhASA, gaNita, bhUvRttAnta, itihAsa, dehatattva, manovijJAna, jar3avijJAna, rasAyanazAstra aura dharmanIti / ina saba viSayoMkA kucha kucha jJAna honA sabhIke lie atyanta Avazyaka hai| prathama viSaya arthAt apanI jAtikI mAtRbhASA jAnanekI prayojanIyatA pramANita karanekI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai| mAtRbhASA sIkhane meM kisIko adhika kaSTa bhI nahIM hotaa| aura, kamase kama eka vijAtIya bhASA binA jAne saMsArakA kAma acchI taraha calAyA nahIM jA sktaa| magara hA~, vijAtIya bhASA aura sAhityameM sabake pANDityakA prayojana nahIM hai| gaNitakA bhI kucha jJAna honA sabake lie ati prayojanIya hai| kAraNa, gaNitakA kucha jJAna hue vinA sAdhAraNa hisAba kitAba bhI nahIM rakkhA jA sakatA, bhUmike kSetraphalakA nirUpaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, sAdhAraNa viSayakA lAbha yA hAni bhI samajhameM nahIM A sktii| isa sthAnapara gaNitake gambhIra yA sUkSma tattvakI bAta nahIM kahI jA rahI hai| bhUvRttAnta arthAt hama jisa pRthvIpara vAsa karate haiM usakA AkAra-prakAra kisa tarahakA hai, usa pRthvIpara upasthita pradhAna pradhAna deza, nagara, parvata, sAgara aura nadiyoMke nAma kyA haiM, aura eka sthAnase anya sthAnameM jAnekI rAha kaisI hai, ina saba viSayoMkA kucha jJAna bhI sabake lie Avazyaka hai| kintu pRthvIke saba sUkSma tattva jAnanA bhI sabake lie Avazyaka hai-yaha kahanA ThIka nhiiN| itihAsa, arthAt bar3I bar3I jAtiyoMke pradhAna pradhAna kArya aura una kAyAke dvArA vartamAna avasthA saMghaTita honemeM kahA~taka sahAyatA pahuMcI hai, isakA vivaraNa bhI agara saba loga jAna leM to acchA ho| hA~, choTe bar3e

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upaay| 123 wwwwwwwwww sabhI sthAnoMkA itihAsa, saba dezoMke rAjAoMke nAmoMkI sUcI, choTe-bar3e saba yuddhoMkI mitI aura tArIkha ityAdi sUkSma viSayoMkI jAnakArI hAsila karanA adhikAMza logoMke lie anAvazyaka hai| dehatattva aura manovijJAna arthAt hamArI deha aura mana sthUla rUpase kaise haiM aura moTe taurapara unake kArya kisa niyamase calate haiM,isa viSayakA kucha jJAna sabhIke lie atyanta prayojanIya hai, isa bAtako vizeSa rUpase samajhAnekI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| jar3avijJAna aura rasAyanazAsra, arthAt jar3ajagatmeM mAdhyAkarSaNa, tApa, bijalI, prakAza. aura rAsAyanika zaktikI kriyAkA kucha jJAna rahe binA saMsArake nityakarma nahIM cala sakate / magara sabhI viSayoMke sUkSmatattva jAnanA aneka loMgoke lie sahaja yA saMbhava nahIM hai| sabase bar3hakara dharmanIti aura usake viSayakA kucha jJAna sabhIke lie atyanta Avazyaka hai| Izvarako mAnanevAloMkI to koI bAta hI nahIM, nirIzvaravAdiyoMke sambandhameM bhI yaha bAta samAnarUpase lAgU hai| kAraNa, nyAyaparAyaNa honekI AvazyakatAmeM sabakA mata eka hai aura nyAyaparAyaNa honeke lie, cAhe jisa taraha ho, dharmanItikI carcAkA prayojana hai| jo loga Izvarako mAnate haiM unakI dRSTimeM kyA pArivArika nIti, kyA rAjanIti, sabhI nItiyoMkA mUla dharmanIti arthAt vizvaniyantAkA niyama hai| para jo Izvarako nahIM mAnate unakI dRSTimeM dharmanIti arthAt IzvarakA niyama saba nItiyoMkA mUla nahIM hai / ve pArivArika dharma, sAmAjika dharma, rAjadharma Adiko apane apane viSayakI nItikA mUla mAnate haiN| kintu sabhIko sabhI viSayoM meM nyAyamArgakA anusaraNa karanA cAhie / isIlie nItiviSayaka kucha. jJAna sabhIke lie prayojanIya hai| koI koI yaha Apatti kara sakate haiM ki Upara jitane viSayoMkA ullekha kiyA gayA, unheM acchI taraha jAnanA anekoMke lie saMbhavapara nahIM hai, aura kisI viSayako agara acchI taraha na jAnA, to use na jAnanA hI acchA, aura aneka viSayoMko thor3A thor3A jAnanekI apekSA thor3ese viSayoMko acchI taraha jAnanA acchA hai| aisI Apatti kucha ThIka hai, lekina saMpUrNa saMgata nahIM hai| Upara jina viSayoMkA ullekha huA hai una sabako saMpUrNa rUpase jAnanA yA acchI taraha jAnanA, sAdhAraNa logoMkI kauna kahe, asAdhAraNa buddhimAn puruSake lie bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| kintu yaha koI asvIkAra nahIM kara sakatA ki una sabhI viSayoM.

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jJAna aura karma / [ prathama bhAga kA kucha kucha jJAna sabake lie prayojanIya hai, aura Upara jaisA AbhAsa diyA gayA hai, una saba viSayoMkA utanA utanA sAdhAraNa jJAna prApta karanA sabake lie sAdhya hai, isa bAremeM bhI adhika sandeha karanekA koI kAraNa nahIM hai / jisa viSayakI jitanI bAta jAnI jAya utanI bAta acchI taraha jAna lenI cAhie | kintu koI viSaya jAnane baiTheM to usake saba ati sUkSma tattvoMko bhI jAna leM, aura agara aisA na kara sakeM to una viSayoMkA bilkula na jAnanA hI acchA, yaha bAta apUrNa alpabuddhi manuSya ke lie saMgata nahIM hai / yaha eka zAstra meM apaneko paNDita mAnakara abhimAna karanevAlekI bAta hai / saMsArameM pUrNatA kahA~ hai ? sabhI apUrNa hai / ucca AkAMkSA acchI hai, kintu jahA~ vaha AkAMkSA pUrNa honekI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai, vahA~ thor3e meM santuSTa na ho kara, adhika pAnekI saMbhAvanA na honeke kAraNa, jo kucha thor3A pAyA jAya use bhI, abhimAna karake, na leMge kahanA buddhimAnakA kArya nahIM hai / aneka viSayoMkA alpajJAna arthAt pallavagrAhI honekI apekSA alpa viSayakA gaMbhIra jJAna acchA hai / kintu yaha bAta zikSAke zeSa bhAgakI hai| prathama bhAga meM sabhI prayojanIya viSayoMkA kucha kucha jJAna prApta karanekA prayatna kabhI niSphala nahIM ho sakatA / aneka loga kahate haiM ki jo manuSya jisa viSayako jAnanekI icchA kare use zikSAkI prathama avasthAse hI usa viSayako acchI taraha jAnane kI ceSTA karanA ucita hai, aura aisA hogA to anyAnya viSaya sIkhane ke lie use samaya hI nahIM milegaa| yaha bAta utanI saMgata nahIM jAna par3atI / pahale to aneka viSayoMkA kucha kucha jJAna hue vinA vidyArthI prathama avasthAmeM hI yaha ThIka nahIM kara sakatA ki kauna viSaya sIkhanA usake lie upayogI hai / dUsare, aneka viSayoMko thor3A thor3A kintu acchI taraha arthAt vizuddharUpame jAnanekI zikSAkI prathama avasthA meM jo samaya lagatA hai vaha vRthA nahIM jAtA / usa zikSA meM jo buddhikA saMcAlana aura aneka viSayoMkA sAmAnya jJAnalAbha hotA hai, usake dvArA, bAdako jo koI vizeSa zAstra sUkSmarUpase sIkhA jAtA hai usake sIkhane meM suvidhAke sivA asuvidhA nahIM hotI / usI taraha pahale sIkhe hue aneka viSayoM meM kucha jJAna prApta kara lenevAle aura usa zikSAke dvArA parimArjita buddhivAle vidyArthI loga antako apanI apanI abhISTa vidyA vizeSa pAradarzI hote haiM / 124

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upAya / 125 *wwwww www __ dUsare prakArake prayojanIya jJAnake viSayake sambandhameM adhika bAteM kahanekA prayojana nahIM hai-do-eka dRSTAnta de denA hI yatheSTa hogaa| jaise, cikitsakake lie jIvanI zaktikI kriyA samajhaneke vAste kucha jIvatattva-aura auSadha Adi pahacAnane aura dravya Adike doSa-guNa samajhaneke vAste kucha udbhija aura khanija dravyoMke viSayakA zAstra jAnanA parama Avazyaka hai| vakIla-bairisTara Adike lie AInakI saMgati-asaMgati aura usake zAsanAdhikArakI sImAkA vicAra karaneke lie kucha nyAya aura rAjanIti jAnanA atyanta Ava-- zyaka hai / ityaadi| sarvAGgIna utkarSa kyA hai, yaha jAnanA ho to smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki. manuSyake deha, mana aura AtmA hai, arthAt daihika zakti, mAnasika zakti aura AdhyAtmika zakti hai| agara koI jar3avAdI kahe ki mAnasika zakti aura AdhyAtmika zakti donoM daihika zaktise utpanna aura usIke rUpA-- ntara haiM, to usake isa kathanase yahA~para koI hAni nahIM hai| kAraNa, ye tInoM tarahakI zaktiyA~ mUlameM eka hI hoM aura cAhe alaga alaga hoM, inake kAryoMkI paraspara vibhinnatA avazya hI svIkAra karanI hogii| koI daihika. zakti yatheSTa dhAraNa karatA hai,bhArI bojha uThA sakatA hai, bahuta dUrataka tejIse. daur3a sakatA hai, kintu atyanta sarala viSayako bhI sahajameM nahIM samajha sakatA, aura kisI nyAyasaMgata kAryake karanemeM yatnazIla nahIM ho sakatA / koI koI buddhimAna honepara bhI nyAyaparAyaNa yA sabala nahIM haiN| koI sabala aura. buddhimAna honepara bhI nyAyaparAyaNa nahIM haiN| ataeva sarvAMgIna utkarSa usI sthAnapara susaMpanna huA samajhanA cAhie jahA~ dehakA bala, manakI mArjita buddhi aura AtmAkI nirmalatA arthAt nyAyaniSThA hai| jisa zikSAke dvArA ye tInoM guNa prApta hote haiM vahI yathArtha zikSA hai| (3) zikSApraNAlIkI AlocanAmeM pahale zikSAkA uddezya kyA hai, aura dUsare usa uddezyake anusAra zikSA meM atyanta Avazyaka viSaya kyA kyA haiM, ina donoM bAtoMke sambandhameM kucha kucha kahA gayA / zikSApraNAlIke saMbaMdha inake sivA tIsarI bAta yaha hai ki zikSAko yathAzakti sukhadAyinI banAnA. ucita hai|

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126 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga isa sukha-duHkhamaya jagatmeM sabhI jIva sukhalAbha aura duHkhanivAraNake lie nirantara yatna karate dekhe jAte haiM-sadA isImeM lage rahate haiM, sutarA~ zikSA sukhadAyinI ho, isa viSayameM zikSArthI aura yathArtha zikSA denevAlA, donoM yatna kareM to kucha vicitra nhiiN| balki yahI AzcaryakI bAta hai ki zikSaka loga samaya samaya para isa bAtako bhUlakara samajhane lagate haiM ki zikSApraNAlIkI kaThoratA bar3hAnese hI vaha Adhika kAma karanevAlI hojaaygii| yaha bAta saMpUrNarUpase bhramapUrNa hai| yaha saca hai ki kaThoratA sahanekI aura sukhaduHkhako samAnabhAvase dekhanekI kSamatA jo hai vaha deha, mana aura AtmAke carama yA parama utkarSalAbhakA phala hai, aura vahI utkarSasAdhana zikSAkA uddezya hai| aura yaha bhI saca hai ki zikSArthIko sukhAbhilASI hone denA ucita nhiiN| kintu isI kAraNa zikSAko sukhakara na banAkara kaThora banAnA hogA, yaha khyAla ThIka nahIM hai| jarA socakara dekhanese hI yaha bAta samajhameM AjAtI hai| sukhake lie adhika lAlasA acchI nahIM hai, yaha bAta agara tAr3anAke dvArA chAtrako sikhAI jAya, to yadyapi ziSya guruke bhaya yA anurodhase muMhase usake upadezako bhalA kaha kara svIkAra kara le, tathApi usake manake bhItara sukhakI lAlasA banI hI rhegii| kintu vahI bAta agara madhurazabdoM meM kAraNa dikhAkara aura hRdayagrAhI dRSTAntake dvArA isa taraha samajhA dI jAya ki zikSArthI apane jJAnase samajha sake ki sukhakI adhika lAlasA sukhakA kAraNa na hokara du:khakA hI kAraNa hotI hai to vaha lAlasA usake manase avazya dUra ho jaaygii| jahA~ ziSyake kisI viSayameM pravRtta yA nivRtta honekA kAraNa kevala gurukI AjJA hai vahA~ vaha pravRtti yA nivRtti anyake anurodhakA phalamAtra hai, aura vaha saMpUrNa sukhakara na hokara kucha kaSTakara ho jAtI hai| kintu yadi ziSya samajha sake ki yaha kArya mujhe karanA cAhie yA na karanA cAhie, aura isI bodhake anusAra vaha usameM pravRtta yA nivRtta ho to usakI vaha pravRtti yA nivRtti apanI icchAse utpanna honeke kAraNa kaSTakA kAraNa nahIM hotii| yahA~ manukA yaha amogha vAkya smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki sarva paravazaM duHkhaM sarvamAtmavazaM sukham / etadvidyAtsamAsena lakSaNaM sukhduHkhyoH|| [ manu 4 / 160]

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upAya | 127 arthAt jo paravaza hai vaha saba duHkha hai, aura jo apane vaza hai vaha saba sukha hai| sukhaduHkhakA yaha saMkSipta aura sarvavyApI lakSaNa samajhanA cAhie / prathama to hama logoM meM Adeza yA vidhi - niSedhakA kAraNa vicAranekI kSamatA rahatI nahIM, aura bAlyakAlameM guruke prati dRr3ha bhakti aura sneha aura avicalita tathA praphulla cittase unakI AjJAkA pAlana karanA zikSAkA avazya kartavya hai, aura vahI zikSAlAbhakA ananya upAya hai / isI kAraNa kahatA hU~ ki zikSA meM kaThoratAkA rahanA ucita nahIM hai / kAraNa, zikSAmeM kaThoratA rahanese guruke prati vaha gaharI bhakti aura sneha aura unakI AjJAke pAlanameM dRDha avicalita aura praphullabhAva paidA hI nahIM ho sakatA / zikSA jaba komala bhAva dhAraNa karatI hai tabhI zikSArthIke manameM usa tarahakI gurubhakti aura guruke upadeza - AdezakA pAlana karanemeM svataHpravRtta tatparatA utpanna ho sakatI hai / agara yahI ThIka huA ki zikSA sarvathA sukhakara honA ucita hai, to prazna yaha uThatA hai ki kisa taraha zikSA sukhakara banAI jA sakatI hai ? yaha prazna bilkula sahaja nahIM hai / eka tarapha, zikSAkA uddezya zikSArthIkA jJAnalAbha aura utkarSasAdhana hai, aura vaha uddezya saphala banAneke lie zikSArthIkA zrama aura kleza svIkAra karanA aura apanI icchAko saMyata karake anyakI arthAt gurukI icchAke anugAmI hokara calanA Avazyaka hai, ataeva dUsarekI adhInatAse utpanna honevAlA duHkha anivArya hai, dUsarI tarapha, zikSAko sukhakara banAne meM zikSArthIko apanI icchA ke anusAra calane denA Avazyaka hai / ina donoM viparIta pakSoMmeMse kisa pakSakI rakSA kI jAyagI ? saMsArake anyAnya saMkaTasthAnoM meM yaha zikSAke viSayakA saMkaTa bilkula tuccha nahIM hai, aura isI kAraNa isake sambandha meM itanA matabheda hai / donoM tarapha dRSTi rakhakara jisameM gariSTha phalakA lAbha ho usa rAhameM calanA hogA / asala bAta yaha hai ki Upara uddhRta kiyegaye manuke vAkyameM jo AtmavazyatAkA ullekha hai vaha hamArI apUrNatAke kAraNa durlabha hai / jaba yaha apUrNatA aura usake sAtha sAtha apane-parAyeke bhedakA jJAna calA jAyagA aura 'saba kucha brahmamaya hai ' aisI dhAraNA ho jAyagI tabhI paravazakA bodha aura usase utpanna duHkhakA nAza ho jAyagA aura saba kucha sukhamaya aura Anandamaya jAna par3egA kintu yaha

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128 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga U~ce darje kI bAta hai, aura yadyapi pravINa zikSAdAtAko yaha yAda rakhakara apaneko utsAhita karanA cAhie, kintu navIna zikSA ke lie yaha bodhagamya viSaya nahIM hai| usake lie do upAyoMkA Azraya lenA cAhie / eka to zramakI kamI karanA aura dUsare zikSAke dvArA usake manameM Ananda utpanna krnaa| usa zramalAghava aura Ananda utpanna karaneke lie jina saba niyamoMkA anusaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai ve do tarahake haiN| kucha sAdhAraNa haiM aura kucha deza-kAla pAtra aura viSayake bhedase paraspara vibhinna haiN| zikSArthIka zramalAghavakA eka sAdhAraNa upAya hai--zikSAke viSayoMmeM anAvazyaka jaTilatAkA tyAga / kintu isI lie Avazyaka jaTila bAtako chor3a denese kAma nahIM cala sakatA / usa taraha zikSArthIke zramako kama karanA aura jaMgI jahAjakI topoMko phekakara use halakI aura teja calanevAlI banAnA barAbara hai| zikSArthIkA zrama kama karaneke lie Avazyaka hai ki samajhaneke viSayakI vizadarUpale vyAkhyA kI jAya aura prayojanake anusAra vyAkhyAkI vastu yA usakI pratimUrti zikSA ke sAmane upasthita kI jAya / zikSAkA viSaya agara koI kArya ho to usa kAryako sahajameM sampanna karanakI rAha dikhA denI caahie| kisI pAThakA abhyAsa sahajameM karaneke lie , jisase vaha pATha sahajameM yAda rahe isa tarahakA izArA chAtrako batA denA caahie| do-eka dRSTAntoMke dvArA ye bAteM adhika spaSTa ho sakatI haiN| samajhanekA viSaya vizada vyAkhyAke dvArA kitanA sahaja kara diyA jAsakatA hai yaha bAta nIce likhe dRSTAntase spaSTa mAlUma ho jaaygii| kisI pAtrameM ka-saMkhyaka bhinna bhinna kSudravastu rahane para, usase prativAra khasaMkhyaka vastukI bhinna rUpase saMgRhIta samaSTi lenese , jitanI judI judI tarahakI samaSTi hoMgI , prativAra ( ka-kha) saMkhyaka vastu lene para bhI ThIka utanI hI juddI judI tarahakI samaSTi hoNgii| yaha bIjagaNitake mizraNaadhyAyakA eka tattva hai , aura pramANake dvArA yaha sAbita kiyA jAsakatA hai| kintu bIjagaNita na par3ha kara bhI samajhA jAsakatA hai ki jitanI bAra kha-saMkhyaka vastu lI jAyagI utanI hI bAra (ka-kha) saMkhyaka vastu pAtrameM par3I

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upAya / 129 rahegI / basa, donoM prakArakI bhinnarUpa samaSTikI saMkhyA avazya hI sanAna hogI / isa pichale DhaMga se samajhAyA jAya to yaha tattva atyanta moTI buddhivAle vidyArthIkI bhI samajhameM anAyAsa AjAyagA / duHkhakA viSaya yaha hai ki saba bAteM isa taraha vizadarUpase samajhAI nahIM jA sakatIM / jo ho, pratyeka viSayakI vizada vyAkhyAkA anusandhAna karanA zikSakakA eka kartavyakarma hai / isa tarahakI vyAkhyAkA jitanA pracAra hogA utanI kevala zikSA hI nahIM sahaja hogI, balki aneka viSayoM meM samAjake anAyAsalabdha jJAnakA parimANa bhI bar3ha jAyagA / zikSAkA viSaya sahaja meM yAda rakhane aura samajhaneke izArekA eka dRSTAnta diyA jAtA hai 1 akSarake uccAraNasthAnake niNayaka sambandha meM saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM jo niyama haiN| unheM samajhane aura yAda rakhane meM bAlakoM ko bahuta parizrama karanA par3atA hai / kintu kaNTha, tAlu, mUrddhA, danta, oSTha, ye kaI eka sthAna batA kara ina sthAnoMse jinakA uccAraNa hotA hai una akSaroMkA spaSTa uccAraNa karake vidyArthIko sunAnese vyAkaraNakA yaha viSaya bahuta hI sahajameM usakI samajhameM A jAyagA / isake sAtha sAtha agara use yaha izArA batA diyA jAya ki kaNTha, tAlu, mUrddhA, danta aura oSTha, ye pA~coM uccAraNasthAna jisa taraha kramazaH zarIrake bhItarase bAharakI ora Ate haiM, una una sthAnoMse jinakA uccAraNa hotA hai ve akSara bhI ( do-eka atikramoMko chor3akara ) usI taraha varNamAlA meM usI kramase rakkhe gaye haiM / jaise tAlu mUrddhA R R Tavarga tavarga ENTER ra la Sa kaNTha bha bhA kavarga danta lR la oSTha u U pavarga va cavarga ya Ta za sa isa taraha agara bAlakako zikSA dI jAya to vaha vyAkaraNake isa prakarako bahuta hI sahaja meM samajha legA aura yAda rakkhegA, kabhI nahIM bhUlegA / zikSA meM Ananda utpanna karaneke lie aneka sthAnoMmeM aneka paddhatiyoMkA sahArA liyA gayA hai / usakA mUlasUtra hai zikSAko khelakA rUpa denA / yUropameM jJAna0-9

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130 jJAna aura karma / [prathama bhAga yaha paddhati phrAbelakA kiNDaragArTana (arthAt bAlodyAna ) isa nAmase pukArI jAtI hai| vahA~ skUlakI ginatI bAlakoMke krIDAvanameM kI jAtI hai / moTe taura para yaha paddhati burI nahIM hai| kintu vaha aba kramazaH itane sUkSma niyamoMse bhara gaI hai ki usake dvArA zikSA denekA kArya sukhakara na hokara kaSTakara hI ho uThatA hai| zikSAkAryako sukhakara karaneke lie pahale to vidyArthIko mAranA yA DarAnA dhamakAnA chor3akara usakA Adara karanA aura use utsAha denA ucita hai| dUsare, vidyArthIko isakA kucha AbhAsa denA cAhie ki zikSAke dvArA usakA upakAra hogaa| tIsare, zikSAkA viSaya, 'mIThI bhASAmeM, cittaraJjana karanevAle udAharaNa aura sundara citroMke dvArA samujjvala karake, isa taraha varNana karanA cAhie ki vidyArthIkA hRdaya usakI ora svayaM hI AkRSTa ho| cauthe, zikSAko eka asAdhAraNa aura durUha viSaya samajhakara gaMbhIra bhAvase vidyA ke Age mata upasthita kro| zikSA bhI AhAra-vihArAdi sAmAnya sahaja nityakarmakI taraha aura eka sukhadAyaka kAma hai, yoM samajha kara Anandake sAtha bAlakako par3hane-likhaneke kAmameM lagAnA cAhie / zikSA bar3A viSaya aura bhaktikA viSaya hai, isameM sandeha nahIM, aura use khelakA viSaya kaha kara choTA karanekA hamArA uddezya nahIM hai| kintu smaraNa rahe, bhayase saccI bhakti nahIM hotI, pyAra aura snehase hI bhaktikI utpatti hotI hai| pitA-mAtA devasvarUpa haiN| kintu bAlaka pahale snehake sAtha unakI godameM car3hanA sIkhakara bAdako bhaktibhAvase unake caraNoM meM praNAma karaneke yogya hotA hai| (4) zikSApraNAlIkI cauthI bAta yaha hai ki zikSArthIkI zaktike anusAra use zikSA denI caahie| pahale to chAtrake pATha par3haneke samaya aura zaktike Upara dRSTi rakhakara pAThakA pariNAma nirdiSTa karanA ucita hai / jaise atibhojana zarIrako puSTa nahIM karatA, vaise hI adhika par3hanese mana bhI puSTa nahIM hotaa| kintu duHkha aura bhAzcaryakA viSaya yaha hai ki aisI eka sahaja aura moTI bAta bhI aksara zikSaka aura chAtroMke abhibhAvaka loga bhUla jAte haiM / bahuta loga samajhate haiM, jitane adhika pustakoMke patre ulaTe gaye utanA hI adhika par3hanA likhanA huaa| yaha koI nahIM socatA ki jo vidyArthIne par3hA usakA marma bhI vaha samajhA yA nahIM, aura eka eka naI bAtakA marmagrahaNa karanemeM zikSArthIko kitanI bAra

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upAya / 131 mana lagAkara usakI AlocanA karanekI AvazyakatA hai| phira jahA~ bhinna bhinna viSayoMke jude jude zikSaka haiM vahA~ aura eka viSama vipatti upasthita hotI hai| haraeka zikSaka mahAzaya aksara kevala apane par3hAneke viSayapara hI dRSTi rakhakara pAThakA pariNAma nirdiSTa karate haiM, aura usase yadyapi eka eka viSayakA pATha par3hane aura yAda karaneke lie yatheSTa samaya rahatA hai, parantu maba viSayoMkA abhyAsa karaneke lie samaya nahIM rhtaa| dUsare, zikSArthIkI zaktike anusAra pAThake saba viSaya nirdiSTa hone caahie| saba viSaya samajhanekI zakti bAlakake nahIM rhtii| avasthA bar3haneke sAtha sAtha, aura zikSAke dvArA kramazaH buddhikA vikAsa hotA hai, aura buddhike vikAsake anusAra sahajase zurU karake kramazaH durUha viSayoMkI zikSA denI cAhie / zikSArthIkI yogyatAke anusAra bhinna bhinna viSayoMkI zikSA deneke niyamapara prAcIna bhAratameM vizeSa dRSTi rakkhI jAtI thI (.) / isI niyamako adhikArIke bhedake anusAra zikSAbhedakA niyama kahate haiN| jo adhikArI nahIM hai usake hAthase pavitra brahmajJAna denevAle bhagavadgItA granthakI bhI aisI vyAkhyA ho sakatI hai ki vaha eka hiMsAdveSapraNodita vairakA badalA lenemeM pravRtta karanevAlA grantha pramANita ho jAya / zikSArthIkI zaktise adhika viSayakI zikSA denA niSphala hai, isakA eka sundara dRSTAnta prasiddha zikSAtattvake jJAtA .ca paNDita rUsone apane emilI nAmaka graMthameM diyA hai| koI dehAtI zikSaka eka kamasina bAlakako alakajaMDara (sikaMdara ) aura usake hakIma philipakI kahAnI meM jo nItikI zikSA pAI jAsakatI hai usake bAremeM upadeza de rahe the| vaha kahAnI saMkSepameM yaha hai-"digvijaya karanevAle sikaMdarake eka hakIma the, unakA nAma philipa thaa| philipa rAjAko adhika priya the, isI kAraNa DAhake mAre eka musAhabane sikaMdarako isa majamUnakA eka patra likhA ki unake cirazatru phArisake bAdazAha dArAkI kumaMtraNAse philipa davAke sAtha unheM jahara pilA deMge / sikaMdarane dekhasunakara, soca-samajhakara philipake Upara vizvAsa sthApita kiyA thaa| eka sAdhAraNa AdamIkI bAtase usa vizvAsako vicalita na hone dekara unhoMne patra pAneke dUsare dina haMsate ha~sate vaha patra philipake hAthameM de diyA aura (1) manu 2 / 112-116 dekho|

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132 jJAna aura krm| prathama bhAga philipakI dI huI davAko rattI bhara saMdeha kiye binA eka sA~sameM pI liyaa| sikaMdarane isake dvArA apane manakI asIma dRr3hatA aura sAhasakA paricaya diyaa|" dehAtI zikSaka jaba yaha kahAnI kahakara upadeza de cuke, taba rUsone unake upadezakI saphalatAke saMbaMdhameM sandeha prakaTa kiyaa| zikSakane rUsose parIkSA karaneke lie anurodha kiyA / rUsone bAlakase pUchA ki usa kahAnImeM kisa taraha sikaMdarakI dRr3hatA aura sAhasakA paricaya pAyA gayA? bAlakane javAba diyA-kaTorA bhara davAko binA hicakicAhaTake pI lenese / taba zikSaka mahAzaya samajha gaye ki unhoMne acchI taraha samajhAyA, lekina bAlakakI buddhikI daur3a jahA~taka thI vahIMtaka vaha smjhaa| (5) zikSApraNAlIke sambandhameM pA~cavIM bAta yaha hai ki jo sikhAyA jAya vaha acchI taraha sikhAyA jAnA caahie| jo sikhAyA jAya vaha agara acchItaraha nahIM sikhAyA jAyagA to usase koI phala nahIM hogaa| jo viSaya sikhAyA jAya use zikSArthIkI zaktike anusAra saMpUrNarUpase samajhA denA zikSakakA Avazyaka kartavya hai / agara kisI kAraNase koI viSaya samajhAneko bAkI raha jAya, to yaha bAta zikSArthIse kaha denA ucita hai / koI viSaya acchI taraha nahIM sikhAnese kaisA doSa Apar3atA hai, so nIceke dRSTAntoM se spaSTa samajhameM aajaaygaa| ___ ekabAra kisI mere AtmIya puruSane apane dasa yA gyAraha varSake putrakI parIkSA leneke lie ki vaha kaisA paDhatA-likhatA hai, mujhase khaa| usa bAlakako usa samaya eka bhUgola par3hate dekhakara maiMne usase pUchA-sUrya pRthvIse kitanI dUra hai ? usane usI dama uttara diyA-nava karor3a pacAsa lAkha mIla / isake bAda maiMne pUchA-tuma isa samaya pRthvIse kitanI dUra ho? isa praznakA uttara vaha zIghra nahIM de skaa| vaha bAlaka ekadama nirbodha nahIM thaa| kintu dUra aura nikaTa kise kahate haiM, aura pRthvI kahA~ hai, ye saba bAteM use acchI taraha sikhAI nahIM gaI thiiN| aura eka bAra kaI chAtroMse maiMne pUchA-"kisI saMkhyAkA 4 se bhAga diyA jAsakatA hai yA nahIM, yaha dekhate hI kaise jAnA jA sakatA hai ?" aneka bAlakoMna uttara diyA--" agara usake dahineorakI pichalI do saMkhyAoMkA 4 se bhAga kiyA jA sakatA ho|" magara yaha uttara ThIka nahIM huaa|

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upAya / 133 1256 isa saMkhyAkA 4 se bhAga diyA jA sakatA hai, kintu pichalI donoM saMkhyA (5 aura 6) aisI haiM ki unakA 4 se bhAga nahIM diyA jA sakatA hai| uttarameM " pichalI do saMkhyAoM" kI jagaha "pichale do aMkoMse jo saMkhyA ho usakA" yaha kahanA cAhie thaa| (6) zikSApraNAlIke sambandhameM chaThI bAta yaha hai ki sabhI kAryoMko yathAniyama aura yathAsamaya kara DAlanekA abhyAsa honA Avazyaka hai| pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki manuSyakA kevala jJAnI ho jAnA hI yatheSTa nahIM hai, isa kAryakSetrameM kAma karanevAlA honA bhI Avazyaka hai| karmaTha honeke lie yaha atyanta Avazyaka hai ki saba kAmoMko yathAniyama aura yathAsamaya kara DAlanekA abhyAsa ho / bahuta loga samajhate haiM, kyA kArya hameM karanA cAhie aura kisa taraha vaha kartavya kArya saMpanna hogA, ina do bAtoMkA jJAna ho jAnA hI yatheSTa hai| kintu yaha bAta ThIka nahIM / ukta donoM viSayoMkA jJAna Avazyaka hai, kintu yatheSTa nahIM hai| isa jJAnake sAtha sAtha kArya karanekA abhyAsa honA atyanta Avazyaka hai| abhyAsa na rahanese sAdhAraNa kAma bhI sahajameM nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa bAremeM pUrvokta sAdhAraNa udAharaNa sabako yAda rakhanA cAhie / sarala rekhA kise kahate haiM, yaha hama jAnate haiM, aura kisa taraha vaha khIMcI jAtI hai, yaha bhI jAnate haiN| lekina eka hAtha laMbI eka sIdhI rekhAko, agara khUba abhyAsa na ho, to yantrakI sahAyatAke binA zAyada koI nahIM khIMca sktaa| yathAsamaya yathAniyama kAma karanekA abhyAsa isa jIvanayAtrAkA mahAmUlya saMbala hai / use prApta karaneke lie sabhIko yatna karanA cAhie / isa abhyAsakI zikSA pahale kucha kaSTakara hotI hai, aura kucha dinoMtaka zikSArthI aura zikSaka donoMko sarvadA satarka rahanA hotA hai| kintu maMgalamayI prakRtikA aisA hI niyama hai ki eka bAra abhyAsa ho jAne para phira kisIko kucha kahanA nahIM par3atA, ApahIse zikSArthI yathAniyama abhyasta kArya karatA hai, usase vaha kAma binA kiye rahA nahIM jaataa| (7) zikSApraNAlIkI sAtavIM bAta yaha hai ki bhrama ho jAne para usI ghar3I usakA saMzodhana Avazyaka hai|

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jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga ___ yaha niyama isase pahale kahe gaye niyamakA eka prakArase anusaraNa hai| jisakA abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai vaha kramazaH sahaja ho AtA hai aura use chor3a denA kaThina ho jAtA hai / bhrama eka bAra ho jAnese usI ghar3I usakA saMzodhana bahuta hI sahaja hotA hai, lekina vAraMvAra vaha bhrama hote rahanese usakA abhyAsa ho jAtA hai aura usakA saMzodhana phira utanA sahaja nahIM hotaa| yaha niyama kevala mAnasika zikSAse hI saMbaMdha nahIM rakhatA, zArIrika aura naitika zikSA meM bhI yaha atyanta prayojanIya niyama hai| bahuta loga samajhate haiM ki sAdhAraNa bhrama yA sAmAnya doSake Upara dRSTi rakhanekA prayojana nahIM hai, kevala bhArI bhrama yA gurutara doSakA saMzodhana hI atyanta Avazyaka hai| aisA samajhanA bar3I bhUla hai| sAmAnya bhrama aura sAdhAraNa doSake saMzodhanase nivRtta rahanemeM, arthAt usakI upekSA karanemeM, gurutara bhrama aura doSa sahaja hI ho jAte haiM, aura unakA saMzodhana kaSTasAdhya ho uThatA hai| (8) zikSApraNAlIke sambandhameM AThavIM bAta yaha hai ki zikSA ke lie AtmasaMyama Avazyaka hai| kyoMki pravRttiko saMyata na kara pAnese, anya kartavyapAlana to dUra rahe. zikSAlAbhake lie jo samaya denA hotA hai aura zramasvIkAra karanA hotA hai, zikSArthI vaha samaya nahIM de sakegA aura zrama nahIM svIkAra kara skegaa| pAThAbhyAsake samaya anya pravRttiyA~ usake manako dUsarI ora le jaaygii| koI pAThaka yaha AzaMkA na kareM ki pUrvokta isa niyamase ki zikSA sukhakara honA ucita hai, isa bAtakA virodha hai / saca hai ki zikSAko sukhakara banAveM to zikSArthIkI icchAke viruddha kAma karanese kAma nahIM clegaa| kintu AtmasaMyama jise kahate haiM vaha apanI icchAke viruddha kArya nahIM hai| balki kartavyapAlanake lie kabhI jisameM apanI icchAke viruddha na jAnA par3e, asat icchA aura pravRttikA damana kaSTakara na ho, usa avasthAkI prApti hI saMyamazikSAkA uddezya hai / na samajha kara parAI icchA aura AjJAke anusAra kAma karanA AtmasaMyama nahIM hai; samajha kara apanI icchAse apanI pravRttiko dabAnekA nAma AtmasaMyama hai|

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upAya / 135 koI koI samajha sakate haiM ki AtmasaMyama jo hai vaha Darapoka aura AlasIkA kAma hai / magara yaha bAta bhramase bharI hai| krodha, lobha Adi mAnasika vRttiyoMkI uttejanAle kAma karanA mAnasika balahIna manuSyake lie svabhAvasiddha hai / pravRttikA damana karanA hI yathArtha mAnasika balakA kArya hai / ( 9 ) zikSApraNAlIke sambandhameM aura eka bAta yaha hai ki zikSA pahalI avasthAmeM vAcanika ( jabAnI ) aura zikSArthIkI mAtRbhASA meM honI caahie| zikSArthI jabataka par3hanA na sIkhe aura anya bhASA na jAne, tabataka usakI zikSA avazya hI vAcanika aura usakI mAtRbhASA meM ho| koI koI kahate haiM, isa taraha kucha dina zikSAkA kAma calanA acchA hai / aura koI koI kahate haiM, chAtrako zIghra par3hanA aura anya bhASA sikhAkara pustakakI aura AvazyakatAke anusAra anya bhASAkI sahAyatAse zikSA dI jAya to thor3e dinoM meM adhika zikSA prApta kI jA sakatI hai / bhASAkI sahAyatA ke binA zikSAkA kAma cala nahIM sakatA / bhASA bhI eka zikSAkA viSaya hai / aura, pustaka par3haneke sivA aneka dezoM aura aneka samaya meM honevAle buddhimAnoM vidvAnoMkI kI huI tattvoMkI AlocanA hamAre jJAnagocara nahIM ho sakatI / ataeva bhASA zikSA aura pustaka pATha karanekI zikSA jJAnalAbhakA pradhAna upAya hai / kintu koI yaha na samajha le ki bhASA sIkhanA yA pustaka par3hanA sIkhanA hI zikSAkA uddezya hai / zikSAkA uddezya, pahale hI kaha diyA gayA hai ki, jagat meM aneka vastuoM aura viSayoMke jJAnakA lAbha aura zikSArthIkA apanA utkarSasAdhana hai / bhASA sIkhanA aura pustaka par3hanA sIkhanA usakA upAyamAtra hai / magara ye donoM upAya zikSAkI zakti ke anusAra jitanI jaldI kAma meM lAye jA sakeM utanA hI acchA hai mAtRbhASAkI javAnI zikSAse zikSArthIkI zabdoM kI pU~jI aura vastuviSayaka jJAnakI pU~jI jaba kucha jamA ho jAya, taba usake jAne hue zabdoM aura viSayoMvAlI pustakeM par3hanekI aura pustakoMkI bAteM tathA anya jAnI huI bAteM likhanekI zikSA denA ucita hai / uccAraNa kiye gaye zabdake bhinna bhinna varNoMkA vizleSaNa, una varNoMko cihnoMse aMkita karanA, aura una aMkita cihnoM yA akSaroMko milAkara phira

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136 jJAna aura karma / [ prathama bhAga zabdakA uccAraNa karanA hameM abhyasta honeke kAraNa use hama jitanA sahaja samajhate haiM, bacce ke lie vaha utanA sahaja nahIM hotA / baccoMko zikSA deneke samaya yaha bAta yAda rakhakara zikSA denI cAhie / agara aisA ho to baccoMkoM tAr3anA na dekara unakI utsukatA aura kautUhala bar3hAkara zikSA sukhakara banAI jA sakatI hai| likhanekI zikSAke sAtha sAtha kucha rekhAgaNita sikhAyA jAya to acchA ho / yaha bAta sunakara kisI zikSakake manameM cintA yA zikSArthIke manameM bhaya na utpanna honA caahie| usa cintA aura bhayako miTAneke lie hI maiMne yaha bAta kahI hai | rekhAgaNita jo hai vaha jaTila rUpa dhAraNa karake sahasA upasthita hotA hai, isI kAraNa usakA AnA cintA aura bhayakA kAraNa hotA hai / kintu jo vaha apanI sarala mUrti se kramazaH hamAre sAtha paricita ho to vaha bhAva nahIM hotA / likhanekI zikSAke samaya yadi sIdhI rekhA, Ter3hI rekhA, gola rekhA, laMbI rekhA, samAntara rekhA, koNa samakoNa ye kaI viSaya binA ADambara aMkita karake baccoMko dikhA diye jAyeM, to ve acchI praNAlIse likhaneke niyama aura rekhAgaNitake kucha sthUla niyama eka sAtha sahaja meM sIkha sakate haiN| (10) bhASA aura racanApraNAlIke sambandhameM kaI eka khAsa bAteM haiM, unheM isa jagaha para eka bAra kaha denA ucita hai / prAcIna apracalita bhASAe~ sIkhaneke lie sarala kAvya aura kucha vyAkaraNa par3hanA hI prazasta upAya hai| vartamAnameM pracalita bhASA sIkhaneke lie ukta upAyake sAtha sAtha usI bhASAmeM bAtacIta karate rahanA cAhie / koI koI kahate haiM, baccA jisa DhaMgase mAtRbhASA sIkhatA hai, usI DhaMgase arthAt bAtacItake dvArA anya bhASAkI zikSA denA hI bhASA sIkhanekA mukhya upAya hai, aura vyAkaraNa aura koSakI sahAyatAse kAvya par3ha kara bhASA sIkhanA bhASAzikSAkA gauNa upAya hai| kintu jarA socakara dekhanese samajhameM A jAyagA ki yaha bAta bilkula ThIka nahIM hai / mAtRbhASA sIkhanekI jagaha svayaM prakRti zikSaka ho, zizukA atyanta prayojana zikSA ke lie uttejanA denevAlA ho, aura viSayakI navInatA ya

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chaThA adhyAya] jJAna-lAbhake upAya / 137 usase utpanna Ananda zikSAke sahakArI hoN| yaha zikSA sukhakara avazya hai, lekina sahaja yA anAyAsalabdha nahIM svIkAra kI jA sktii| koI eka naI bAta sunakara use sIkhaneke lie bacce lagAtAra use raTate haiM; kabhI zuddha uccAraNa karate haiM; kabhI azuddha uccAraNa karate haiM; kabhI bhUla jAte haiM to phira suna lete haiM; svayaM prayoga karanemeM kitanI asaMlagnatA dikhAte haiM aura usake lie " amRtaM bAlabhASitaM" kaha kara loga unakA bahuta Adara aura 'pyAra karate haiN| bacce kitanI hI bAra khuda prayoga karate haiM, aura kitanI hI bAra dUsareke kiye prayogako sunate haiN| isa taraha bahuta kucha abhyAsake vAda ve ThIka taurase vaha bAta sIkhate haiN| kisI kaThora zikSakane agara anucita tAr3anA kI, athavA aviveka aura zubhAkAMkSI abhibhAvakane samaya 'bacAneke lie vRthA yatna kiyA to usase isa zikSAmeM koI rukAvaTa nahI 'pdd'tii| anya bhASA sIkhaneke samaya ina saba bAdhAoMko dUra kara denA cAhie, aura aisA ho bhI sakatA hai| kintu Upara kahe gaye saba suyoga pAnA asaMbhava hai| ina suyogoMko kucha kucha pAnekA eka mAtra upAya yahI hai ki jo bhASA sikhAnI ho usa bhASAmeM bolanevAloMmeM zikSArthI rakkhA jaay| jahA~ isa upAyakA avalambana asaMbhava hai, vahA~ zikSArthIko sikhAnekI bhASAke likhanepar3hane aura bolanekA abhyAsa karAnA hI zreSTa upAya hai| kisI kisIke matameM yadyapi kAvya par3hanA bhASAzikSAkA upAya ho sakatA hai, lekina prathama avasthAmeM vyAkaraNa par3hanA niSprayojana aura kaSTakara hai / vartamAnameM pracalita jina bhASAoMkA vyAkaraNa atisahaja hai, zabdarUpa aura 'dhAturUpa svalpa aura sarala haiM (jaise a~garejI bhASA), unheM sIkhane meM, prathama avasthAmeM, vyAkaraNa par3hanA anAvazyaka bhI ho sakatA hai| lekina jina prAcIna apracalita bhASAoMke vyAkaraNa sahaja nahIM haiM, jinameM zabdarUpa aura dhAturUpa ativistRta aura eka jaTila vyApAra haiM (jaise saMskRta bhASA ), unheM sIkhanemeM kucha vyAkaraNa par3hanA arthAt kamase kama adhika vyavahRta zabdoM aura dhAtuoMke rUpa kaMTha karanA, zramasAdhya hone para bhI atyanta Avazyaka hai, kyoMki unake sIkhanekA yahI eka mAtra upAya hai| jarA socakara dekhanehIse samajhameM AjAyagA ki vyAkaraNa par3hanA nikAla denese asala meM vaha zrama kucha kama nahIM hotaa| pahale dekhanemeM zrama kucha kama huA jAna par3a sakatA hai, kintu

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138 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga antako pariNAmameM dekhA jAyagA ki vyAkaraNa na par3hAkara kevala kAvyapAThake dvArA bhASA sikhAnemeM saba milAkara adhika samaya aura zrama lagatA hai| ___ tattvanirNaya yA jJAnake pracArArtha grantha likhanA, logoMke manoraJjana yA logoMko icchAnusAra calAneke lie vaktatA karanA, athavA rojamarrAke sAdhAraNa kAma karanA ityAdi sabhI tarahake kAmoMke lie racanAzikSA arthAt acche DhaMgase saMkSepameM sarala bhASAmeM manake bhAva prakaTa karaneke lie bhASAke prayogakI zikSA atyanta prayojanIya hai| racanApraNAlI saMkSepameM do tarahakI hotI haivaijJAnika aura sAhityika / vaijJAnika praNAlImeM, varNita viSayako bhinna bhinna bhAgoMmeM bA~Takara pratyeka bhAgakI yathAniyama kramazaH vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai| sAhityika praNAlImeM, varNita viSayakI kucha cunI huI bAteM, niyamakA bandhana na rakhakara jisake bAda no kahanese suvidhA ho usa taraha, aise kauzalake sAtha, kahI jAtI haiM ki unase pAThaka na kahI huI saba bAtoMko bhI, kamase kama varNana kiye gaye viSayameM jo kucha jAnaneke yogya hai, use bhI eka tarahase samajha le sakate haiN| eka dRSTAntake dvArA ina donoM prANAliyoMkA bheda spaSTa samajhameM A jaaygaa| __ mAna lIjie kisI eka choTe jilekA byaurA likhanA kisI racanAkA uddezya hai / vaijJAnika praNAlIse likhe to usa dezakA AkAra, Ayatana, Usara, nadI, pahAr3a, vana, upavana, gA~va, nagara, udbhida , jIvajantu, zilpa, vANijya, zikSA, zAsanaprathA ityAdikA byaurA kramazaH likhanA pdd'egaa| usIko sAhityika praNAlIse likheM to ukta viSayoMmese kucha pradhAna pradhAna bAteM aise kauzalase varNana kI jAyeMgI ki usake dvArA sAre pradezakA eka citra pAThakoMke manameM aGkita ho ske| vaijJAnika praNAlIkA lekhaka pAThakako sAtha lekara varNita pradezake saba bhAgoMmeM ghUmatA hai / sAhityika praNAlIkA lekhaka pAThakako lekara kisI nikaTastha U~ce pahAr3akI coTIpara car3ha jAtA hai aura u~galI uThAkara varNita pradezako eka sAtha pAThakake sAmane upasthita kara detA hai| isa pichalI praNAlIkA Azraya sukhakara hai, kintu sabake lie sAdhya nahI hai| pahale kahI gaI praNAlI kaSTakara hone para bhI sabake lie sAdhya hai| pAThakako sAtha lekara sAre pradezameM ghUmanA kaSTakara hone para bhI sabake lie sAdhya hai, kintu U~ce pahAr3akI coTI para car3hanA, so bhI akele nahIM, pAThakako lekara, vizeSa zaktikI apekSA rakhatA hai| vaha zakti jisake nahIM hai, usake lie usa U~ce

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upAya / 139 sthAna para car3hanekI AzA durAzAmAtra hai / racanA sIkhate- sikhAte samaya yaha bAta yAda rakhanI cAhie / ( 11 ) zikSApraNAlIkI jina kaI eka bAtoMko kahanekI icchA thI unameM gyArahavIM aura aMtima bAta jAtIya zikSA ke sambandhakI hai / bahuta loga kahate haiM, jAtIya bhASA meM jAtIya sAhitya-darzana ke ucca Adarzake anusAra zikSA denI cAhie / phira koI kahate haiM, zikSAmeM jAtIya bhAva lAnA vidhiviruddha hai / zikSA sArvabhaumika bhAvase calanI cAhie 1aisA nahIM hotA to zikSArthIke manameM udAratAke badale taMgadilI apanA DerA jamA letI hai / ye donoM hI bAteM kucha kucha saca haiM, lekina saMpUrNa satya koI nahIM / jahA~taka ho sake, zikSArthIkI jAtIya bhASAmeM zikSA dI jaay| yaha kiyA jAyagA to zikSA viSaya thor3I hI mehanata meM saMpUrNarUpase zikSArthIkI samajhameM AjAya~ge / usa vidyArthIko vijAtIya bhASA sIkhenakA zrama aura samajhane kI asuvidhA nahIM bhoganI par3atI, aura jAtIya sAhitya darzanake ucca adarzakeanusAra zikSA bhI usI taraha sahaja meM phalaprada hotI hai / kAraNa, pUrvasaMskAravaza zikSArthIkA caritra aura mana kucha parimANameM usI Adarzake anusAra gaThita hotA hai / basa, usake anusAra zikSA denemeM use phira tor3a phor3a kara gar3hanA nahIM par3atA / kintu kevala isIlie vijAtIya bhASA sIkhanekI avahelA aura vijAtIya sAhityadarzanake ucca Adarzapara anAsthA, kabhI yuktisaMgata nahIM ho sakatI / vijAtIya bhASAmeM bhI aisI aneka jJAnagarbha bAteM raha sakatI haiM jo chAtra kI jAtIya bhASAmeM na hoMgI / aura, yaha na hone para bhI, vaha bhASA hamArI hI tarahake eka jAtike manuSyoMkI bhASA hai, aura usake dvArA hamArI hI tarahake eka jAtike manuSya apane sukha duHkha Adi manake bhAva aura sarala aura jaTila jJAnakI bAteM, prakaTa karate haiM - isI lie vijAtIya bhASA manuSya ke anAdara yA upekSAkI cIja nahIM hai / aura vijAtIya ucca Adarza agara svajAtIya ucca Adarzake anurUpa ho taba to avazya hI Ada-raNIya hai, aura agara vaisA na ho to bhI AdaraNIya aura yathAsaMbhava anukaraNIya hai / vijAtIya ucca Adarza aura sadguNakA anAdara vRthA aura bhrAnta jAtIya abhimAnakA kArya hai / yahA~ para yaha prasiddha manu bhagavAnkA vAkya yAda rakhanA cAhie

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jJAna aura krm| prathama bhAga zraddadhAnaH zubhAM vidyAmAdadItAvarAdapi / antyAdapi paraM dharma strIratnaM duSkulAdapi // [ 2 / 238 ] __ arthAt zraddhAlu AdamI nikRSTase bhI zubha vidyA aura paramadharma grahaNa kara le, aura vaise hI strIratnako bhI nIcakulase le lenA caahie| __zikSA sArvabhaumika aura udAra bhAvakI honI cAhie, isameM kucha saMzaya nhiiN| kintu yaha niyama zikSAkI U~cI tahakA niyama hai; isakA prayoga nicalI tahameM na karanA caahie| zikSArthI jo hai vaha niHsaMga aura nirlipta bhAvase saMsArameM nahIM AtA, aura na rahatA hI hai / niyamita zikSAkA AraMbha honeke pahale hI prakRti usako jAtIya bhASA sikhA detI hai, kucha jAtIya saskAroM meM dIkSita kara detI hai, aura usake hRdayameM kucha jAtIya bhAvoMkA vikAsa kara detI hai| una saMskAroM aura bhAvoMke utkRSTa bhAgoMko baddhamUla karane aura bar3hAnekI garajase prathama avasthAmeM usI jAtIya bhASAkI sahAyatAse zikSAkA kAma calAyA jAtA hai to usa zikSAse zIghra suphala prApta hotA hai| aura, agara vaha na karake una saba saMskAroM aura bhAvoMko zikSArthIke manase pocha DAlakara navIna Adarzake anusAra use zikSA denekI ceSTA kI jAtI hai to usase zikSAkA phala zIghra nahIM milatA aura pariNAmameM suphala phalanakI saMbhAvanA bhI adhika nahIM rhtii| zikSAkI U~cI tahameM, zikSArthIko vijAtIya bhASAmeM zikSita aura vijAtIya ucca Adarzake yathAsaMbhava anukaraNameM pravRtta karanA ucita hai| jAtIya bhAva aura svadezAnurAga ucca sadguNa haiM aura unake dvArA pRthibIkA bahuta kucha hita huA hai| kintu jAtIya bhAva aura svadezAnurAgakA anya jAti aura anya dezake prati vidveSake bhAvameM pariNata honA kabhI ucita nahIM hai| saca hai ki prAcIna grIsameM jAtIya bhAva aura svadezAnurAgane yahI bhAva dhAraNa kara liyA thA aura grIsakI pratibhAke balase pAzcAtya sAhitya kucha kucha isI bhAvase racA gayA hai| kintu prAcIna grIsake usa samayako pAzcAtya jAtiyoMkA bAlyakAla agara kaheM to kaha sakate haiM / aura bAlyakAlakA jhagar3AlU svabhAva aura paraspara vidveSabhAva prauDha avasthAmeM nahIM zobhA pAtA! (3) zikSAke sAmAna / aba zikSAke sAmAnoMke bAremeM kucha kahanA Avazyaka hai|

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upAya / 141. zikSAke sAmAna kaI tarahake haiM, jaise (1) zikSaka, (2) skUla, (3) kAleja, (4) pustaka, (5) pustakAlaya, (6) yantra aura yantrAlaya, aura (7) parIkSA / ina sAtoM se haraekake sambandhameM do-cAra bAteM kahI jaayeNgii| (1) zikSaka hI zikSAkA prathama aura pradhAna upakaraNa hai / maiM AzA karatA hU~, zikSAkA sAmAna kahanese zikSakoMkI maryAdAkI koI hAni na hogii| __upayukta zikSakake kucha vizeSa lakSaNa rahanA Avazyaka hai| zArIrika guNoMmeM spaSTa aura ucca svara, sUkSma dRSTi aura tIvra zravaNazaktikA prayojana hai| bahutase chAtroMko eka jagaha eka sAtha zikSA deneke lie ina guNoMkA honA bahuta jarUrI hai-inake binA kAma nahIM cala sktaa| mAnasika aura AdhyAtmika guNoMmeM pahale to dhIra buddhikA prayojana hai / buddhi sUkSma hokara bhI agara caJcala huI to zikSAkA kArya acchI taraha sampanna nahIM hotaa| eka hI samaya aneka vidyArthiyoMko samajhAnA hogA, aneka lar3akoMke saMzaya dUra karane hoNge| ataeva zikSakako apanI buddhi dhIra sthira rakhanekI AvazyakatA hai| dUsare zikSakake lie isakI bar3I jarUrata hai ki usane aneka zAstra dekhe hoM aura vaha kisI eka zAstrameM pUrA paNDita ho / aneka zAstra dekhanekA prayojana yaha hai ki saba zAstroMkA paraspara sambandha hai aura eka zAstrakI bAtakA udAharaNa anyAnya zAstroM meM diyA rahatA hai| isa kAraNa aneka zAstra dekhe hue rahane para zikSaka jisa zAstrakA paNDita hai usakI vizada vyAkhyAmeM vizeSa nipuNatA dikhA sakatA hai| kisI eka zAstrameM pragADha paNDityakI AvazyakatA yaha hai ki usake rahe binA yaha nahIM jAnA sakatA ki pragAr3ha pANDitya kyA hai, aura use jAne binA usake Upara apanA vaisA anurAga nahIM utpanna hotA, aura zikSArthIke manameM bhI usake prati anurAga utpanna karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| aura eka kAraNase bhI pragAr3ha pANDityakI AvazyakatA hai| yadyapi pahaleke buddhimAnoM aura vidvAnoMkA upArjita jJAna, jise hamane uttarAdhikArasUtrase pAyA hai, bahuta adhika hai, kintu jJAnakA anta nahIM hai, ataeva naye naye tattvoMkA AviSkAra karake jJAnakI sImA phailAnA yA bar3hAnA zikSakakA eka pradhAna kartavya hai, aura kisI khAsa zAstra meM pragAr3ha pANDitya hue binA usa zAstrake.

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jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga naye tattvoMke AviSkArakI zakti nahIM prApta hotii| ucca zreNIke zikSakoM meM isa zaktike rahanekI AvazyakatA hai, aura jisameM ucca zreNIke chAtroM meM yaha zakti paidA ho vaisI hI zikSA denA unakA karttavya hai| __ yaha kahanekI jarUrata nahIM ki zikSakamAtrake lie zikSAzAstrameM abhijJatAkA atyanta prayojana hai| zikSAviSayaka pradhAna pradhAna grantha yA granthoMke aMza (jaise manu, pleTo, rUso, laka, spensara, bena ityAdike likhe yA race hue grantha ) par3hanA unake lie Avazyaka hai| sahiSNutA aura pavitratA ye donoM zikSakake prayojanIya sadguNa haiN| inake na rahane para zikSaka jo hai vaha apane cittako sthira aura zikSArthIke cittako zraddhAyukta aura apanI ora AkRSTa nahI rakha sktaa| zikSAkArya aura zikSArthIke Upara anurAga rahanA bhI zikSakake lie atyanta Avazyaka hai| yaha anurAga agara nahIM huA to nirjIva kalakI taraha zikSAkA kAma calegA, zikSaka jo hai vaha sajIva Agrahake sAtha zikSArthIke anta:karaNameM navajIvanakA saJcAra nahIM kara skegaa| isI anurAgake kAraNa aneka prasiddha zikSaka loga chAtrakI taraha nitya pAThAbhyAsa karake par3hAneke kArya meM lage rahate haiM, aura isa taraha kisa bAtake bAda kyA bAta kahanese acchA hogA yaha pahalehIse ThIka kara Aneke kAraNa hI ve thor3e samayameM adhika bAteM sikhA sakate haiN| zikSakako chAtrake manameM bhaktikA udreka karanA cAhie; bhaya paidA karanA vidhivirUddha, aura aniSTakara hai| prasiddha zikSAtattvake jJAtA lakane (1) yathArtha hI kahA hai ki " havAse hila rahe patte para spaSTa likhanekI ceSTA aura bhayase kaoNpa rahe chAtrake manameM sthAyI upadeza aMkita karanekI ceSTA donoM samAna haiN|" chAtra ke sAtha sahAnubhUti zikSakake lie atyanta Avazyaka hai / sahAnubhUti honese chAtra ke abhAva aura apUrNatAko zikSaka samajha sakatA hai aura khijhakhAe binA usa abhAva aura apUrNatAkI pUrti karanemeM bhI samartha hotA hai / zikSakako agara apane vidyArthIse sahAnubhUti hai to usakA phala yaha hotA hai () Some Thoughts on Education dekho|

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upAya / ki vidyArthIke manameM bhakti utpanna hotI hai, vaha zikSakakI ora AkRSTa hokara usake upadezako grahaNa karane meM adhika Agraha dikhAtA hai| lekina vaha sahAnubhUti na hone para, eka ora to yaha hotA hai ki zikSaka jo hai vaha chAtrakI kamIko pUrA karanekA yathAyogya yatna nahIM karatA, aura dUsarI ora yaha hotA hai usa yatnake na honeke kAraNa vidyArthI bhI zikSakakA upadeza grahaNa karanemeM vaisI tatparatA nahIM dikhaataa| aura eka bAta bhI yAda rakhanI caahie| zikSaka agara vidyArthIko jAtimeM hIna yA maMdabuddhi samajhatA hai, to durUha zikSAka kAryameM jisa dRDha yatna kI jarUrata hai, usakA prayoga karanemeM use adhika uttejanA nahIM rhtii| kyoMki vaha socatA hai, usake zikSA-kAryakI niSphalatAkA kAraNa usakI apanI ayogyatA nahIM balki vidyArthIkI ayogyatA hai| __ upadeza dene aura lenevAle donoMke bIca sahAnubhUtike bAremeM eka suMdara kahAnI hai| koI garIba musalamAna apane putrako lekara hajarata mahammadake pAsa AyA aura usane kahA-" merA yaha lar3akA bahuta zakkara khAtA hai, lekina maiM utanI zakkara lAkara khilAnekI haisiyata nahIM rakhatA; batAie, maiM kyA karU~ ? " mahammadane kahA-eka pakhavArake bAda AnA / paMdraha dina bAda vaha musalamAna phira apane lar3akeko lekara mahammadake pAsa aayaa| mahammadane usa lar3akeko bar3I khUbIke sAtha tejasvI bhASAme zakkara khAnA chor3a denekA upadeza diyaa| pitA aura putra donoMne usa AjJAko zirodhArya kiyaa| lekina pitAse na rahA gayA, usane pUchA, yaha sAdhAraNa upadeza deneke lie khuda paigaMbara sAhabane eka pakSakA samaya kyoM liyA ? mahammada sAhabane ha~sakara kahA-maiM khuda zakkara bahuta khAtA thA, so jabataka khuda zakkara khAnA na chor3a letA tabataka aurako zakkara khAnA chor3a denekI AjJA denA anyAya hotA / maiMne paMdraha dinameM zakkara khAnA ekadama chor3a diyA, taba aurako vaisA karanekI AjJA dii| aba merI AjJAkA asara tumhAre lar3ake para pdd'egaa| agara maiM na chor3atA aura use chor3anekA upadeza detA to kabhI asara nahIM par3a sakatA thaa| vidyArthiyoMko AjJA deneke pahale zikSakoMko yaha suMdara bhAvapUrNa kahAnI yAda kara lenI caahie|

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jJAna aura karma / [prathama bhAga __ koI koI kahate haiM, kucha kar3e yA kaThora hue binA, vidyArthIke manameM thor3A bhaya paidA kiye binA, vidyArthI kabhI zikSakako nahIM mAnegA, aura suzrRMkhalA ke sAtha zikSAkA kAma bhI nahIM hogaa| yaha korA bhrama hai| zikSA aura zAsana agara eka hI cIja hote to yaha bAta ThIka hotii| kintu zikSA aura zAsanameM bar3A aMtara hai| zAsanakA uddezya yaha hai ki zAsita AdamI, usake hRdayameM cAhe jo ho, bAhara kisI khAsa kAmako kare, yA usase nivRtta ho| zikSAkA uddezya yaha hai ki zikSita AdamIke bhItarake doSoMkA saMzodhana hokara use utkarSa prApta ho| sutarAM zAsana jo hai vaha bhaya dikhAkara hotA hai aura zikSA bhakti utpanna hue vinA saphala nahIM hotii| (2) bahutase vidyArthI ekatra eka viSayako sIkha sakeM to zikSAke kAyameM jo zrama aura samaya lagatA hai vaha bahuta kucha kama ho sakatA hai| eka zikSaka eka zreNIke bIsa-pacIsa vidyArthiyoMko eka sAtha eka viSayakI zikSA anA. yAsa de sakatA hai| isI taraha aneka zikSaka eka jagaha para bhinna bhinna zreNIke chAtroMko zikSA dete haiM to eka hI jagahameM bahuta dUra taka zikSA dI jA sakatI hai| isI lie vidyAlaya, arthAt eka jagaha para bhinna bhinna aneka chAtroMkI zikSAkA sthAna, zikSAkA eka utkRSTa upakaraNa (sAmAna) hai| lekina aneka vidyArthiyoMko ekatra zikSA denemeM jaise suvidhA hai, vaise hI asuvidhA bhI hai| eka sthAnapara aneka chAtroMko bahuta derataka roka rakhanese unheM zArIrika kaSTa ho sakatA hai| eka darjeke sabhI lar3akoMkI buddhi samAna nahIM hotI / koI zIghra samajha letA hai, koI derameM samajhatA hai, koI eka viSayako sahajameM samajha jAtA hai, koI dUsare viSayako samajhatA hai, koI sarvadA par3hane likhane meM mana lagAtA hai, koI kabhI kabhI mana lagAtA hai aura kabhI kabhI nahIM bhI lgaataa| isake sivAya bhinna bhinna zreNIke chAtroMko zikSA deneke lie bhinna bhinna zikSakoMkA prayojana hotA hai, aura unake ekamata hokara kAma karanekI AvazyakatA huA karatI hai| isa taraha bhinna bhinna prakRtike aura bhinna bhinna zreNIke chAtra tathA bhinna bhinna zikSaka lekara eka jagaha para bahuta acchI taraha kAma calAneke lie vidyAlayake sambandhameM kucha niyama prayojanIya haiN| jaise 1 vidyAlayakA ghara svAsthyakara honA caahie|

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145 wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww www.ww chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upAya / 2 nitya prati pAThakAlameM, bIcameM, lar3akoMko vizrAma aura khelake lie samaya denA caahie| 3 nityake pATha ( sabaka ) kA parimANa itanA honA cAhie ki lar3ake gharameM use yAda karake vizrAma karanekA samaya pA skeN| 4 kisI zikSakake Upara tIsase adhika vidyArthiyoMko eka sAtha zikSA denekA bojha na DAlanA caahie| 5 kisa samaya kauna zikSaka kisa darjemeM kisa viSayakI zikSA degA-isa. byaureke sAtha eka dainika niyamapatra bhI rahanA caahie| 6 haraeka darjekI zikSAke viSayoM aura pAThyapustakoMkA nirdeza yathAkrama honA caahie| pAThyapustakeM bhI yathAkrama par3hI jAnI cAhie / 7 haramahIne, athavA do-tIna mahIneke bAda, zikSAkAryakA paridarzana (inspekzana ) aura vidyArthiyoMkI parIkSA honI caahie| usa parIkSAmeM haraeka vidyArthIkA, aura ausata hisAbase hara eka darjekA parIkSA-phala dikhalAyA. jAnA caahie| 8 chAtroMke caritra aura baratAvakA saMkSipta byaurA haramahIne unake abhibhAvakoMko batAnA ucita hai| isa jagahapara chAtranivAsa ( borDiMga hAusa ) ke saMbaMdhameM kucha kahanA Avazyaka hai| jo saba chAtra dUrase Aye hoM, aura jinakA koI abhibhAvaka nikaTa na ho, unake rahaneke lie vidyAlayake pAsa, vidyAlayake kartRpakSa ( supariMTeMDeMTa ityAdi) kI dekharekhameM, chAtranivAsa rahanese, aura vahA~ chAtra aura zikSaka donoMke ekatra rahanese, suvidhA hotI hai, isameM sandeha nhiiN| kintu suvidhAke sAtha sAtha asuvidhA bhI hotI hai / bahutase vidyArthiyoMkA ekatra rahanA suzRMkhalAke sAtha honA atyanta kaThina bAta hai aura dekharekhameM jarA bhI traTi honese aneka aniSTa honekI saMbhAvanA hotI hai| apane svajanoMke bIcameM rahanase vidyArthIke cittakI vRttiyoMkA jaisA vikAsa ho sakatA hai vaisA chAtranivAsameM zikSakake nikaTa rahanepara bhI honA asaMbhava hai / vidyArthI loga agara apane gharameM raheM to svatantratAkA aura saMsArake saba pahaluoMko dekhane-sunanekA abhyAsa kara sakate haiM; kintu chAtranivAsameM rahanese vaha bAta nahIM ho sakatI / suzAsita chAtranivAsameM vidyArthIloga eka mezInakI taraha calAye jJAna0-10

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146 jJAna aura karma 1 jA sakate haiM, kintu isameM sandeha hai ki ve svataHpravRtta hokara manuSyakI taraha calanA sIkhate haiM ki nahIM / ataeva atyanta prayojana hue vinA, aura dekharekhakA vizeSa suyoga hue vinA, vidyArthiyoMkA chAtranivAsameM rahanA vAJchanIya nahIM jAna pdd'taa| koI koI samajhate haiM ki chAtranivAsameM zikSaka aura vidyAthakA sarvadA samAveza ho sakatA hai, aura isI lie vidyArthiyoMkA chAtranivAsameM rahanA, prAcIna bhArata meM gurugRhake nivAsakI taraha, suphala denevAlA hotA hai / kintu yaha bAta ThIka nahIM hai / kAraNa, pahale to chAtranivAsa gurugRha nahIM haiM, vahIM guru saparivAra nahIM rahate, aura apane yA guruke svajanoMke bIcameM rahakara vidyArthI jisa taraha pAlita aura zikSita ho sakatA hai, usa taraha chAtranisameM nahIM ho sakatA / dUsare, prAcIna samaya meM ziSya jo hote the ve guruko bhaktikA upahAra dete aura unase snehakA pratidAna pAte the / bhakti aura sneha, kevala ye hI donoM dene-lenekI cIjeM thIM, aura ina donoMkA vinimaya hI eka apUrva zikSA detA thA / varttamAna samaya meM vidyArthI jo hai vaha chAtranivAsameM kucha dhana dekara usIke mAphika rahaneko sthAna aura khAne-pInekI sAmagrI Adi pAtA hai, jitanA dhana detA hai usIke mAphika sthAna aura khAdyasAmagrI prApta kara letA hai, yA prApta karanekI ceSTA karatA hai| yaha dhana dene aura sthAna tathA khAdyapadArtha dene-lene kA mAmalA kisI taraha usa prAcIna kAlake bhakti aura snehake dene lene ke sAtha tulanIya nahIM ho sakatA / prathama bhAga ( 3 ) jaise aneka zikSakoMke ekatra saMmilanase eka vidyAlayakI sthApanA hotI hai, vaise hI aneka vidyAlayoMke ekatra milanase eka vizvavidyAlayakI sthApanA hotI hai| prasiddha paNDitoMke dvArA zikSAdAna, yogya vyaktiyoMke dvArA vidyArthiyoM kI parIkSA lenA aura usake phalake anusAra upAdhi aura sammAna denA, ina kAryoMke dvArA vizvavidyAlaya zikSAkI pUrNarUpase unnati kara sakatA hai / kintu vizvavidyAlayakA kArya bahuvidha aura jaTila niyamoMse pUrNa honA ucita nahIM / (2) pustakeM zikSAkI eka atyanta prayojanIya sAmagrI hai / jaba jisa vastu viSayakI zikSA dI jAtI hai taba vaha vastu vidyArthIke sAmane rakhI jA sakanese hI acchA hotA hai / prakRti jo hai vaha isI praNAse pahale baccoM ko zikSA detI hai / kintu brahma se lekara tRNaparyanta sabhI

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chaThA adhyAya] jJAna-lAbhake upaay| jagat jaba zikSAkA viSaya hai, taba yaha bAta sarvatra saMbhava nhiiN| aneka jagaha vastuke anukalpa yA pratikRtise hI santuSTa honA par3atA hai| una pratikRtiyoM meM zabdaracita vivaraNa sabakI apekSA sulabha aura adhika vyavahRta hai| vastuoMke ye zabdamaya rUpa pustakoMmeM aMkita rahate haiN| zikSopayogI pustakoM meM kucha guNoMkA rahanA Avazyaka hai / jaise vidyArthIke dhana, samaya aura zaktiko bacAneke lie pAThyapustakakA AkAra yathAsaMbhava choTA honA caahie| usameM varNita viSaya yathAzakti saMkSepameM kintu pUrNatAke sAtha, sarala rItise kintu vizuddha bhASAmeM, vizada rUpase kintu thor3I bAtoMmeM likhA jAnA caahie| 2 zikSAko sukhada banAneke lie pAThyapustaka sundara rUpase chapI huI, bIca bIcameM varNita viSayake citroMse suzobhita aura madhura bhASAmeM sarala bhAvase racita honI caahie| 3 bhASA sIkhanekI prathama pAThyapustakoMmeM navIna zabda aura navIna viSaya bahuta thor3e thor3e aura kramakramase rakkhe jAne cAhie / durUha zabda aura kaThina viSaya to ekadama na hone caahie| . 4 vyAkaraNa, bhUgola, itihAsa aura vijJAnakI prathama pAThyapustakoMmeM kevala una una viSayoMkI moTI bAteM rahanI caahie| 5 gaNitakI prathama pAThyapustakoM meM ati kaThina yA durUha udAharaNa na hone caahie| ye saba pAThyapustakoMke vizeSa prayojanIya guNa haiN| inake sivA haraeka pustakameM sAdhAraNa rUpase kucha guNoMkA rahanA Avazyaka hai, kamase kama kucha doSoMkA varjana vAJchanIya hai, aura zAyada unakA yahA~ para ullekha asaMgata nahIM hogaa| ve saba doSa-guNa tIna bhAgoM meM bA~Te jA sakate haiN| 1-pustakake AkArase sambandha rakhanevAle, 2-pustakakI bhASA aura racanApraNAlIse sambandha rakhanevAle, 3-pustakake viSayase sambandha rkhnevaale| __ isa AlocanAmeM bar3I-choTI, bhalI-burI, saba tarahakI pustakoMke sambandhameM kahA jAyagA / isI lie sabase pahale granthakAra mahAzayoMse merA vinIta nivedana yaha hai ki unakI racanAke sambandhameM kucha kahanekA merA yahI ekamAtra adhikAra hai ki una saba racanAoMse maiM bhI anya sAdhAraNa pAThakoMkI taraha

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148 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga jJAnalAbhakI AkAMkSA rakhatA hU~, aura sAdhAraNa pAThakoMkI orase granthake sambandhameM jo bAteM kahanI haiM unheM prakAzita karanese sarvasAdhAraNakA upakAra ho sakatA hai-isI AzAse maiM isa dussAhasake kArya meM pravRtta hotA huuN| 1 pustakakA AkAra / sabhI pustakoMkA AkAra yathAsaMbhava choTA honA cAhie, arthAt pRSThasaMkhyA thor3I honI caahie| sabhI pAThakoMko samaya yA avakAza kama hotA hai aura adhikAMza pAThakoMke pAsa bar3I pustaka kharIdaneke lie yatheSTa dhana nahIM hotA / isa kAraNa bar3e AkArakI pustakako kharIdanA yA par3hanA prAyaH sabhIke lie suvidhAjanaka nahIM hotaa| bar3I pustakakI racanA karanA granthakArake lie bhI suvidhAjanaka nahIM hotA / kAraNa, bar3I pustaka likhanemeM adhika samaya laganeke sivA use chapAneke lie bhI bahuta dhanakI jarUrata hotI hai| phira jo prayojanake binA bhI bar3e AkArakI pustakeM likhI jAtI haiM, usakA bhI kAraNa hai| pahale to prayojanakI saba bAteM vizadabhAvase kintu saMkSepameM kahanA bahuta hI parizrama-sAdhya hotA hai| basa isIse sahaja hI granthakA kalevara bar3ha jAtA hai| dUsare, hama itanA vRthAkA abhimAna rakhate haiM ki binA soce bhI aneka samaya bar3I cIjakA Adara karate haiM, isIse kyA granthakAra Ara kyA pAThaka sabhI sahaja hI bar3I pustakakA Adara karate haiN| pahale jisa samayameM chApanekI mezIna nahIM nikalI thI, pustakeM hAthase likhI jAtI thIM, aura vaha likhanA svabhAvase hI kaSTakara hotA thA, usa samaya vaha kaSTa kama karaneke lie, aura pAThakoMko grantha smaraNa rakhanemeM subhItA ho isalie bhI, isa dezameM aneka grantha sUtroMke rUpameM, arthAt atyanta saMkSipta vAkyoMmeM, race jAte the| sUtroMkA lakSaNa yaha likhA hai svalpAkSaramasandigdhaM sAravadvizvatomukham / astobhamanavA ca sUtraM sUtravido viduH|| arthAt " sUtrajJa logoMne sUtrake lakSaNa ye batAye haiM ki jisameM thor3e akSara hoM, jo asandigdha ho, sArayukta ho, saba orakI dRSTise yukta ho, vRthAzabdoMse zUnya aura nirdoSa ho, vahI sUtra hai|" __ svalpa akSara hoM para asandigdha ho, arthAt saMkSipta aura vizada ho, ye donoM guNa kucha parimANameM paraspara-virodhI haiM; ekake rahanepara usake sAtha dUsarekA milanA kaThina hai| ina donoM viruddha guNoMko ekatra karanA bhI saMsA

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upAya / rake anyAnya kaThinatara kAmoM se eka kAma hai| aisI jagahaera donoM hI guNoMko yathAsaMbhava ekatra karanekI ceSTA karanA, arthAt donoM ora dRSTi rakhakara calanA hI kartavya hai| yaha bAta na honese, hamAre sUtra-granthoM meMse adhikAMzakA hI yaha hAla hai ki unameM akSara yA zabda to svalpa avazya haiM; lekina ve asandigdha nahIM ho sake-bhASyakAroMne eka eka sUtrake aneka paraspara-viruddha bhASya kiye haiN| prAcIna sUtra-granthoMkI taraha Adhunika pustakoMke saMkSipta honekI bhI jarUrata nahIM hai, aura Ajakalake ati-vistRta granthoMkI taraha bar3A honA bhI bAMchanIya nahIM hai / maeNjholA AkAra honA hI acchA hogaa| eka bAta bAra bAra kahakara granthakA kalevara bar3hAnA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| eka bAtako eka bAra spaSTa karake kaha denese jo phala hotA hai; bahuta bAra aspaSTa bhAvase kahanemeM bhI vaha phala nahIM hotaa| U~ce svarase eka bAra pukAranese jise pukAro vaha suna letA hai, kintu dhIre dhIre use dasa bAra pukAranese bhI vaha kabhI nahIM suna paavegaa| jo acchI taraha kaha sakatA hai, vaha kahanekI bAtako eka bAra kaha kara hI santuSTa ho jAtA hai| jo acchI taraha kaha nahIM sakatA, vaha eka bAtako ghumA phirA kara dasa bAra kahatA hai aura phira bhI santuSTa nahIM hotA, use yahI jAna par3atA hai ki vaha apane vaktavyako acchI taraha nahIM kaha paayaa| jAna par3atA hai, do-eka tarahakI pustakoMkA AkAra bar3A honA anivArya hai| jaise-cikitsAzAstrakI aura AIna kAnUnakI pustakeM / roga itane prakArake haiM; aura eka hI roga itane vibhinna rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai, davAeM bhI itanI tarahakI haiM; aura avasthA-bhedake anusAra unake prayogake bhI itane vibhinna prakAra haiM ki unakA saMpUrNa sUkSma vivaraNa denemeM avazya hI pustakakA kalevara bahuta bar3ha jaaygaa| lekina usa vivaraNako suzrRMkhalAbaddha karanese vaha pustaka kahA~taka saMkSipta ho sakatI hai, yaha bAta cikitsaka mahAzaya hI kaha sakate haiN| ___ AIna-kAnUnake viSayakA bhI cAhe jo vibhAga le lIjie, vaha itanA vistRta hai, aura usakI eka eka bAta itane bhinna bhinna bhAvoMse bhinna bhinna sthaloM meM upasthita ho sakatI hai, aura usake sambandhakI najIreM kramazaH itanI

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150 jJAna aura karma / [prathama bhAga adhika hotI A rahI haiM ki una sabakI AlocanA karanese AInakI pustaka bar3I hue vinA kAma nahIM cala sakatA / lekina saba viSayoMko zreNIbaddha karanese aura vaktavya bAtoMkA aura prayoga karane yogya najIroMkA sArAMza suzrRMkhalAke sAtha vivRtta karanese pustaka yatheSTa saMkSipta ho sakatI hai| . 2 pustakakI bhASA aura racanApraNAlI / viSaya-bheda tathA granthakArakI prakRti aura rucike bhedase avazya hI pustakakI bhASA aneka prakArakI hogii| bhASA aneka prakArakI na hokara agara sarvatra eka hI prakArakI hotI to grantha. pAThakA sukha, eka hI vyaMjanake sAtha AhAra karaneke sukhakI taraha, saMkIrNa ho jaataa| lekina una saba vAMchanIya viSamatAoMke bIcameM eka tulya-vAMchanIya samatA sarvatra rahanI caahie| vaha samatA hai bhASAkI saralatA aura svAbhAvikatA / granthakArakI prakRti aura ruci cAhe jasI ho, kintu sabhI granthakAra yaha cAhate haiM ki unakI bhASA sundara aura hRdayagrahiNI ho / kintu bhASAke lie usakA sarala honA bhI Avazyaka hai| kAraNa, isa jagahapara saralatA hI saundaryakA mUla hai| aura, alaMkArakI adhikatAse bhASAkA saundarya ghaTanake sivA bar3hatA nahIM hai / bhASA vahI hRdayagrAhiNI hogI jo svAbhAvika hogii| bhASA agara svAbhAvika nahIM hai, vaha sajAvaTa aura bhAvabhaMgIse paripUrNa hai, to vaha kautuka bar3hAnevAlI bhale hI ho, kintu hRdayako nahIM sparza kara sktii| manuSyoMmeM paraspara prakRti aura rucikA bheda cAhe jitanA kyoM na ho, vaha saba eka prakArakA bAharI bheda hai| isa prakArakI saba viSamatAoMke bIcameM, bhItara sabhI manuSyoMke eka prakArakI samatA hai| hamAre antarnihita gaMbhIra bhAva usI sAmyameM sthApita haiN| isake sivA bhASA aura bhAva donoM meM paraspara vicitra rUpakA sambandha hai| bhASA jo hai vaha bhAvakA eka prakArase sphuraNamAtra hai| ataeva jo bhASA manuSyake antarnihita usI gaMbhIra bhAvakA sphuraNa hai, vaha manuSyamAtrake hRdayako sparza karatI hai, arthAt usapara asara DAlatI hai| vaha bhASA hI yathArtha mantra hai| vahI manuSyako mantra-mugdha banA detI hai| vaisI bhASA likhanekI yogyatA pratibhAke hI balase utpanna hotI hai| zikSA, abhyAsa aura yatnase bhI kabhI kabhI vaha yogyatA utpanna huA karatI hai| kintu jise usa mantrasadRza bhASApara adhikAra nahIM prApta hotA, arthAt vaisI

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upAya / bhASA likhanekI yogyatA nahIM prApta hotI, use vRthA ADambarase zUnya sarala bhASA hI likhanI caahie| pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki racanA do tarahakI hotI hai, vaijJAnika aura sAhityika / thor3A yatna karanese vaijJAnika praNAlIkI racanA karanA sabhIke lie sAdhya hai| kintu vizeSa pratibhAzAlI vyaktike sivA anyake lie sAhi-- tyika praNAlIse racanA karanekI ceSTA vRthA hai| kintu aneka loga abhimAnake vaza hokara vahI vRthA ceSTA karate dekhe jAte haiN| racanApraNAlIke sambandhameM aura bhI do-eka bAte haiN| jAna par3atA hai, aneka loga apanI buddhimattA yA pANDitya dikhAneke lie, athavA pAThakoMkI buddhimattA jA~caneke lie, vaktavya viSayako spaSTa karake nahIM kahate; ve apane vaktavyako izArese prakaTa karanA pasaMda karate haiM / ve izAre agara sArthaka aura sarala hote haiM to kSati nahIM hotI, balki usase pAThakoMko Ananda milatA hai| kintu ve yadi nirarthaka yA kaSTakalpanAse dUSita hote haiM, to unase racanAkI spaSTatA naSTa ho jAtI hai| phira kabhI kabhI dekhA jAtA hai ki racanAmeM ujjvala pANDityakI chaTA dikhAnekA prayAsa karake, prayojana ho yA na ho, saMlagna ho yA asaMlagna ho, loga aparicita aura sarvasAdhAraNake na jAne hue udAharaNoMke dvArA sarala bAtako bhI jaTila banA dete haiN| 3 pustakakA viSaya / jaise jJAnakI sImAkA anta nahIM hai, vaise hI viSayoMkI bhI saMkhyA nahIM hai| parantu upasthita AlocanAke lie pustakoMko do bhAgoMmeM bA~Ta sakate haiN| pustakeM vijJAnaviSayaka aura sAhitya-viSayaka haiN| vijJAna-viSayaka pustakoMke dopa-guNake sambandhameM yahA~para adhika kucha kahanekA prayojana nahIM hai| isa zreNIkI pustakeM sarvasAdhAraNa pAThakoMke lie nahIM, khAsa khAsa pAThakoM ke lie hotI haiN| unake doSa-guNoMkA vicAra karanemeM unake pAThaka hI samartha haiM / aura, una doSaguNoMkA phalAphala, kamase kama sAkSAt sambandhameM, sarvasAdhAraNako nahIM bhoganA par3atA kintu sAhityika pustakeM vaisI nahIM hotiiN| ve sarvasAdhAraNa pAThakoM ke lie haiM / aneka sthaloM meM pAThakagaNa unake doSa-guNoMkA vicAra karane meM asamartha hote haiN| magara isa zreNIke granthoMmeM

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152 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga jo dopa-guNa hote haiM unakA phala sAkSAt sambandhameM sarvasAdhAraNako hI bhoganA par3atA hai| eka sAdhAraNa upamA dekara yaha bAta spaSTa kI jAtI hai| vaijJAnika granthakI racanA karanevAlekI tulanA yantra Adi becanevAleke sAtha honI cAhie, aura sAhityika granthakI racanA karanevAlekI tulanA khAdyapadArtha becanevAleke sAtha karanI caahie| yantravikretAkI cIjako vyavasAyI kharIdAra doSa guNoMkA vicAra karake kharIdatA hai, aura Thage jAne para bhI prAyaH Arthika hAnike sivA usakI aura kisI tarahakI kSati nahIM hotii| kintu khAdyavikretAkI cIjako rojagAra karanevAlA aura na rojagAra karanevAlA, buddhimAna aura nirbodha, sabhI kharIdate haiN| unameMse aneka loga aise hote haiM jo usake doSa-guNakA vicAra karanekI sAmarthya athavA yogyatA nahIM rakhate, aura Thage jAne para unheM kevala Arthika kSati hI nahIM, balki zArIrika aniSTa bhI sahanA par3atA hai| aura vijJAna-viSayaka granthako eka AdamI samajhakara par3hatA hai, to sAhityaviSayaka granthako sau AdamI binA soce-samajhe par3hate haiM, aura usa granthapAThake dvArA unakI ruci, pravRtti aura kArya paricAlita hote haiN| ataeva vaijJAnika grantha racanevAlekI apekSA sAhityasambandhI grantha racanevAlekI jimmedArI saugunI adhika gurutara hai| acche sAhityika grantha suruci aura acchI pravRttiko uttajanA dekara jitanA sarvasAdhAraNakA hitakara sakate haiM, bure sAhityika grantha kuruci aura kupravRttiko utsAhita karake, utanA hI nahIM balki usase kahIM adhika sarvasAdhAraNakA aniSTa kara sakate haiN| isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki durbhAgyavaza unnatike mArgakI apekSA avanatike mArgameM manuSyoMkI gati ati sahaja hotI hai| ina saba bAtoMko socanese jAna par3atA hai, pRthvI parake aneka sAhityika granthoMkI racanA agara na hotI to koI nukasAna na thA, balki lAbha hI hotaa| ___sAhityaviSayaka grantha agara surucisaMpanna, supravRttike uttejaka aura sat upadeza denevAle nahIM haiM to unake likhe jAnekA koI prayojana nahIM hai / prAyaH sabhI sabhyajAtiyoMkI bhASAoM meM hI itane utkRSTa kAvyagrantha haiM ki loga unhIM sabako jiMdagI bharameM par3ha nahIM paate| aisI avasthAmeM navIna nikRSTa graMthoMke race jAnekI jarUrata kyA hai ? isa praznake uttarameM sAhityase anurAga rakhanevAle loga avazya hI kaha sakate haiM ki " samAja sthitizIla nahIM hai, sarvadA gatizIla hai; sAmA.

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upaay| 153 jika rItinItiyA nirantara parivartita hokara kramazaH unnatikI ora bar3ha rahI haiM / mAnavakI vicAra zaktine atItakAlameM jo saba ucca Adarza dikhAye haiM unase bhI Adhika ucca Adarzako vaha bhaviSyameM dikhA sakatI hai / ataeva vicAra-pravAhako rokanA aura navIna kAvyoMkI racanAko baMda karanA kabhI yuktisiddha nahIM hai / kAvya-racanA honemeM aisI AzA nahIM kI jAsakatI ki sabhI kAvya utkRSTa hoNge| koI acchA, koI burA, aura unameMse adhikAMza na bhale aura na bure baneMge / yahI prAkRtika niyama hai| dasa granthoM meM eka bhI acchA honese use yatheSTa samajhanA caahie|" ye saba bAteM satya haiM, aura utkRSTa granthake sivA anya granthoMkI racanA karanA ekadama anucita nahIM kahA jAsakatA / navIna bAlukAmaya bhUmimeM jaise pahale ghAsa-phUsa nikalatA hai aura vaha sar3akara usa bhUmimeM khAdakA kAma karatA hai, jisase vaha bhUmi upajAU hokara anna aura acche vRkSa paidA karaneke yogya hotI hai, vaise hI naI bhASAmeM naye viSayakI nikRSTa pustakeM hI pahale racita hokara eka prakArase acchI bhUmi banAtI haiM, jisase buddhimAn lekhakagaNa usa bhASAmeM yA usa viSayameM utkRSTa granthoMkI racanA karaneke lie prerita hote haiN| nikRSTa pustakoMke dvArA isa tarahakA uddezya sAdhita ho to unakA racA jAnA ekadama anucita nahIM kahA jaasktaa| aura, isa samaya jina saba bAtoMkI AlocanA ho rahI hai unake anusAra jisa pustakake dvArA ukta uddezyake siddha honemeM sahAyatA ho usakI racanAko maiM niSphala nahIM smjhuugaa| kintu jo pustakeM kevala nikRSTa nahIM, spaSTa rUpase aniSTa karanevAlI haiM, aura sarva sAdhAraNakI kuruci aura kupravRttiko uttejita karake logoMko kupathagAmI banAtI haiM, samAjako kuzikSA detI haiM, ve utkRSTa pustakoMkI racanAke lie kSetra taiyArakareM yA na kareM, apanI durgandhase cAroMorakI havAko dUSita karake samAjameM saMpUrNa mAnasika aura adhyAtmika vyAdhiyA~ avazya utpanna karatI haiM, isameM sandeha nhiiN| isIlie usa tarahake granthoMkI racanA atyanta anucita hai| (5) pustakAlaya bhI zikSAke lie prayojanIya hai| eka ora jaise kahA gayA hai pustakasthA tu yA vidyA parahastagataM dhanam / kAryakAle samutpanne na sA vidyA na taddhanam //

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154 jJAna aura karma / [prathama bhAga arthAt prastakakI vidyA aura parAye hAthameM diyA huA dhana, donoM hI cIjeM samaya par3ane para kAma nahIM aatiiN| vaise hI dUsarI ora yaha bhI kahA hai ki granthI bhavati pnndditH| arthAt granthasaMcaya karanevAlA paNDita hotA hai| vAstavameM donoM hI bAteM kucha kucha satya haiM / kucha aise Avazyaka viSaya haiM jinake pustakagata honese kAma nahIM calatA, ve kaNThastha yA hRdbhata hone caahie| kintu bahutase viSaya aise bhI haiM jinheM saMpUrNa rUpase sarvadA yAda rakhanA asAdhya aura anAvazyaka bhI hai| magara samaya samaya para unameMse koI koI viSaya jAnanA Avazyaka hai, aura isake lie yaha jAne rahanA ucita hai ki unameMse kauna viSaya kisa pustakameM kahA~ para hai| una saba pustakoMko apane pAsa jamA kara rakhanekI bhI isI lie jarUrata hai| isI lie pustakAlaya bhI zikSAkA eka pradhAna upakaraNa hai| parantu aisI AzA bhI nahIM kI jA sakatI ki saba pustakAlayoMmeM sabhI pustakeM raheM / jahA~ jina viSayoMkI zikSA dI jAtI hai vahA~ una saba viSayoMse sambandha rakhanevAle pradhAna pradhAna grantha rahanese kAma cala sakatA hai| (6) yantra Ara yantrAlaya bhI zikSAke lie Avazyaka haiN| aise aneka jaTila aura kaThina viSaya haiM, jinheM samajhAneke lie vastuke zabdamaya vivaraNa athavA pustakameM chapehue citra yatheSTa nahIM hote| unakI anya prakArakI pratikRti, jo yaMtrAdike dvArA dikhalAI jAsakatI hai, vidyArthIke sAmane upasthita rahanekI AvazyakatA hotI ha / vijJAna aura zilpakI zikSAke lie yantra Adi sAmagrI atyanta prayojanIya hai| lekina isa bAremeM eka bAta. yAda rakhanA ucita hai| sampUrNa rUpase susajjita yantrAlaya yadyapi vAJchanIya hai, para usake lie adhika kharcakI jarUrata hotI hai| kama kharca meM aura sahajameM bane hue yantra Adike dvArA hI jitanA zikSAkA kAma cale utanA hI zikSaka aura chAtra donoMkA gaurava hai| (7) parIkSA / arthAt vaidha parIkSA zikSAkA eka prayojanIya upakaraNa hai| kintu avaidha parIkSAko zikSAke lie vAdhA bhI kaheM to kaha sakate haiN| jisa parIkSAkA uddezya yaha dekhanA hai ki zikSAkA kAma kisa taraha cala rahA hai aura vidyArthI loga kahA~taka kyA sIkha rahe haiM, vaha parIkSA zikSAkA upa

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upaay| kAra karatI hai| kintu jisa parIkSAkA uddezya yaha nahIM hai, balki praznoMkI vicitratAke dvArA vidyArthiyoMkI ajJatA dikhAnA aura unako apratima karanA hai, vaha parIkSA zikSAkA upakAra na karake apakAra hI karatI hai| kAraNa usa tarahakI parIkSAke lie taiyAra honemeM vidyArthI loga jJAnake upArjana aura mAnasika utkarSa-sAdhana para lakSya nahIM rakhate; isI cintAmeM DUbe rahate haiM ki kisa upAyase vicitra vicitra praznoMkA uttara de skeNge| parIkSAke sambandhameM nimnalikhita bAteM yAda rakhanA ucita hai 1-parIkSA jo hai vaha zikSAkA phala nirUpaNa karaneke lie ho, aura zikSAkI anugAminI ho / zikSA jo hai usakA prayojana parIkSAkA phalalAbha nahIM hai aura vaha parIkSAkI anugAminI na honI caahie| 2-mAsika, vArSika yA anyaprakArakI sAmayika parIkSAke sivA nitya parIkSA, arthAt zikSA-labdha viSayakI nitya AlocanA, Avazyaka hai| 3-ati durUha athavA saMkhyAmeM atyanta adhika prazna pUchanA anucita hai| kintu pratibhAkA paricaya prApta karaneke lie bIca bIcameM do-eka kaThina prazna bhI rahane caahie| anuzIlana / pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki jJAna-lAbhake lie apanA yatna aura anyakI sahAyatA, donoMkA prayojana hai, aura anyakI sahAyatAko zikSA kahate haiM, tathA apane yatnako anuzIlana kheNge| zikSAke sambandhameM kucha AlocanA kI jA cukI hai| aba anuzIlanake sambandhameM do-eka bAteM kaha kara yaha adhyAya samApta kiyA jaaygaa| . jJAnake viSayoMke bhedase anuzIlanakI praNAlI bhI kaI tarahakI hai| bahijagatke viSayoMke sambandhameM paryavekSaNa aura parIkSAke dvArA anuzIlanakA kAma calatA hai / antarjagatke viSayoMke sambandhameM antardRSTike dvArA apane AtmAse jijJAsA aura anyakI AtmAke bAharI kAmoMkA paryavekSaNa hI anuzIlanakA upAya hai / bahijagatse sambandha rakhanevAle anuzIlanameM aneka jagaha paryavekSaNa aura parIkSA donoM hI bAteM sAdhya hotI haiN| jaise jIvadehake tattvAnuzIlanameM dehake kAryoMkA paryavekSaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, aura jIvakI icchAnusAra avasthA badalakara usa badalI huI avasthAke phalakI parIkSA bhI kI jA

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jJAna aura karma / [prathama bhAga sakatI hai| kintu kisI kisI jagaha paryavekSaNa hI ekamAtra upAya hai. parIkSA asAdhya hai / jaise, sUryake bhItarake kAle dhabbe kyA haiM, yaha jAnaneke lie pUrvajaNDalako nitya acchI taraha dekhane aura sarvagrAsa-grahaNake samaya usakI avasthAko dUrabIna Adike dvArA dekhaneke sivA yaha sAdhya nahIM hai ki hama avasthA-parivartana-pUrvaka sUryamaNDalakI parIkSA kara sakeM / ___ anuzIlanake uddezya anekavidha haiM / jaise, kabhI navIna tattvakA AviSkAra, kabhI pahale jinakA AviSkAra ho cukA hai una tattvoMke paraspara-sabandhakA nirNaya, kabhI anuzIlanakartAkA aura sAtha sAtha sarvasAdhAraNakA jJAnalAbha, kabhI janasAdhAraNake lie sukhadAyaka vastu paidA karanA athavA sarvasAdhAraNake lie hitakara kAryakA anuSThAna, ityAdi / koI yaza pAneke lie sAhityakA anuzIlana aura kAvyakI racanA karatA hai, koI yaza aura dhanakI prAptike lie vaijJAnika tattvoMkA anuzIlana karatA hai, koI jIvoMko rogamukta karaneke uddezyase jIva-tattvake anuzIlanameM lagA huA hai, koI ina saba pArthiva viSayoMko chor3akara muktilAbhake lie brahmajJAnakA anuzIlana karatA hai| ye saba bAteM aneka haiM, aura yahA~para inakI AlocanA bhI anAvazyaka hai| jina kaI eka viSayoMkA anuzIlana atyanta Avazyaka jAna par3atA hai, kevala unhIMkA ullekha yahA~para kiyA jAtA hai| (1) jJAnopArjanake lie smRtizaktikA atyanta prayojana hai| usa zaktiko bar3hAneke lie koI yathArtha upAya hai ki nahIM, zarIra-vijJAna aura manovijJAnake jJAtA paNDitoMke dvArA isa viSayakA anuzIlana atyanta Avazyaka hai / kyoMki usakA phala zikSArthI logoMke lie atyanta upakAraka ho sakatA hai| isIke sAtha aura eka viSayakA anuzIlana vAJchanIya hai| vaha viSaya yaha hai ki smRtizakti aura vivekazakti paraspara virodhI haiM ki nahIM? koI kahate haiM-" jahA~ smRti prabala hai vahA~ buddhi kSINa hai, aura jahA~ buddhiujjvala hai vahA~ smRtizakti malina hai|" phira koI koI isa bAtako saMpUrNarUpase asvIkAra karate haiM, aura yaha dikhAte haiM ki aneka asAdhAraNa buddhimAn puruSa prabala smRtizakti-sampanna the| (1) Pope's Essay on Criticism kavitAkI cAra paMktiyoMkA yaha anuvAda hai|

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chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upAya | 157 (2) bhASA zikSA sambandha meM kauna praNAlI prazasta hai, arthAt bAtacItake sAtha sAtha kAvya AdikI pustakeM aura vyAkaraNa par3hanA bhASA sIkhanekI zreSTha aura sahaja praNAlI hai, athavA bAtacIta ke hI dvArA sahajameM bhASA sIkhI jA sakatI hai, isa viSayakA anuzIlana bhI zikSA-tattvajJa paNDitoMke dvArA nirapekSa bhAvase honekA atyanta prayojana hai / kyoMki usa anuzIlanakA phala bahudUravyApI hai / aise logoM kI eka bahuta bar3I saMkhyA hai, jinheM aneka kAraNoMse mAtRbhASAke sivA anya do-eka bhASAe~ bhI sIkhanI par3atI haiM, aura usameM unakA bahuta samaya kharca hotA hai, zrama bhI bahuta karanA par3atA hai / yadi itane logoMkA vaha samayakA vyaya aura zrama zikSAkI acchI aura sahaja praNAlI AviSkArase kucha bhI bacAyA jA sake to kucha kama lAbha na ho / isa bAre meM jaisA matabheda hai, usakA ullekha pahale hI kiyA jA cukA hai| yukti, tarka aura thor3I bahuta parIkSAke Upara nirbhara karake ve satra mata prakaTa kiye jAte haiM, aura yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ve yukti, tarka, parIkSA Adi hamAre AtmAbhimAna doSase dUSita nahIM haiN| thor3A dekha-sunakara pahale jisa AnumAnika siddhAnta para hama pahu~cate haiM, vaha tattvAnusandhAnake lie pathapradarzaka ho sakatA hai, aura sthira siddhAnta mAnakara use grahaNa karanese vaha tattvAnusandhAnakI rAhako banda kara detA hai / kintu AtmAbhimAnavaza apane anumAnake Upara hamAre hRdaya meM aisA anurAga utpanna hotA hai ki usakI yathArthatAke Upara sandeha nahIM hotA, aura parIkSAkA phala usake viparIta honepara usa parIkSAko dUSita kahakara ur3A denekI icchA hotI hai / isI lie bhASAzikSA praNAlIkI utkRSTatAkA nirNaya karaneke lie jo anuzIlana ho vaha nirapekSa bhAvase honA cAhie, yaha bAta Upara kahI gaI hai| yaha na hogA to jinhoMne pahale hI yaha rAya jAhira kara dI hai ki jisa praNAlIse mAtRbhASA sIkhI jAtI hai vahI praNAlI sabhI bhASAe~ sIkhane meM kAma A sakatI hai, unakA vaha mata badalanA atyanta kaThina hai / ( 3 ) gaNitazAstrake, aura anya zAstroMke bhI, saba tattvoMko jaTila tarka aura pramANake dvArA siddha na karake, pahale dikhalAye jA cuke mizraNa sambandhI dRSTAntakI taraha sarala aura saba AdamiyoMkI samajhameM AnevAle bama. pake sa jisase usakA nirNaya ho sake usa viSayakA anuzIlana bahuta hI upakAraka .

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158 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga hai| vaha anuzIlana jitanA saphala hogA, utanA hI vidyArthiyoM ke lie jJAnakA upArjana sahaja hogA, aura sAdhAraNa samAjake bhI jJAnakA gherA phailatA rhegaa| kAraNa, zAstrakA tattva sahajameM bodhagamya honese hI vaha phira kevala zikSitoMkI khAsa sampatti nahIM rahegA, usa para sarvasAdhAraNakA bhI adhikAra hogaa| (4) vaidyoM aura hakImoMkI aneka davAe~ isa dezameM istemAla kI jAtI haiN| unakI yathArtha kAryakAritA aura doSa-guNake sambandhameM anuzIlanake honekI bar3I hI jarUrata hai| vaidyoM aura hakImoMkA cikisAzAstra cAhe bhrAntirahita ho aura cAhe bhrAMta ho, unakI davAe~ jaba aneka jagaha phaladAyaka hotI haiM, taba pAzcAtya praNAlIse suzikSita cikitsakoM ( DAkTaroM) ke dvArA kamase kama unakI upayukta parIkSA honA ucita hai / agara ve davAe~ isa dezake lie vizeSa upayogI aura upakAraka siddha hoM, to logoMkA usa upakArake lAbhase vaJcita rahanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| pAzcAtya pradezoM meM nitya naI davAoMkA AviSkAra hotA hai, to bhI Azcarya aura duHkhakA viSaya yaha hai ki isa dezameM purAtana aura bahuta dinoMkI jA~cI huI davAoMkI punaHparIkSA pAzcAtya praNAlIse zikSita cikitsakoMke dvArA nahIM hotii| (5) duSkarmake kAraNa daNDa pAye hue logoMkA saMzodhana kisI tarahakI zikSA athavA cikitsAke dvArA ho sakatA hai yA nahIM, isa viSayakA anuzI'lana bhI lokahitake lie atyanta prayojanIya hai| samAja aura sabhyatAkI Adima avasthAmeM jisakI hiMsA kI jAtI thI usakI pratihiMsA-pravRttiko caritArtha karaneke lie hiMsakako daNDa diyA jAtA thA (1) / bAdako yaha nikRSTa icchA kama hone lagI aura daNDavidhAnake uccatara uddezyapara dRSTi pdd'ii| vaha uddezya-hiMsaka aura usake mArgapara usake pIche calanevAle anya vyaktiyoMko daNDakA bhaya dikhAkara duSkarmase nivRtta karanA, sthalavizeSameM hiMsita vyaktikI kSatiko yathAsaMbhava pUrNa karanA aura yathAsAdhya hiMsakakA saMzodhana thaa| yaha aMtima uddezya agara saMpUrNarUpase pUrA (1) Salmond's Jurisprudence P. 82; Holmes' Common Law, Lecture II; Bentham's Theory of Legislation, Part II *Ch. 16; Deuteronomy XIX 21 dekho|

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ram chaThA adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhake upAya / ho sake, to hiMsaka aura usake samAna prakRtivAle vyakti Apa hI duSkarmase nivRtta hoMge; daNDakA bhaya dikhAnekI jarUrata phira nahIM rhegii| ataeva daNDanIya vyaktike saMzodhanameM eka sAtha usakA hita karanA aura samAjake aniSTakA nirAkAraNa, donoM hI phala pAye jAte haiN| isI kAraNa kahA jAtA hai ki agara kisI tarahakI zikSA yA cikitsAke dvArA daNDanIya vyaktikA saMzodhana saMbhava ho, to vaha zikSA yA cikitsA kaisI hai, isake nirNayake lie vizeSa yatna karanA zarIravijJAna aura manovijJAnake jJAtA paNDitoMkA parama kartavya hai (.) /

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sAtavA~ adhyaay| jJAna-lAbhakA uddezya / koI kahate haiM, jJAna-lAbhakA uddezya jJAnalAbhase utpanna honevAlA vizuddha AnandakA anubhava hai; aura koI kahate haiM, usakA uddezya hamArI avasthAkI unnati karanA hai| jAna par3atA hai, vAstavameM ina donoMko hI jJAnalAbhakA uddezya kahA jA sakatA hai| jJAnalAbhakI, arthAt saba viSayoMkA nigUDha tattva jAnanekI pravRtti manuSyake lie svabhAvasiddha hai / aura, pravRttimAtrakA caritArtha honA AnandakA kAraNa hai, aura vaha Ananda prApta karanehIke lie pravRttiko caritArtha karanekI ceSTA hotI hai / ataeva isameM saMdeha nahIM ki jJAnalAbhakA eka uddezya usase utpanna AnandakA lAbha hai / phira hamArA abhAva aura apUrNatA itanI adhika hai ki use pUrNa karaneke lie hama sadA ceSTA karane rahate haiM / jJAnalAbhake sAtha sAtha usa abhAva aura apUrNatAkI adhikatara upalabdhi hotI hai, aura use pUrNa karanekA upAya bhI adhikatara apane vazameM jAna par3atA hai| ataeva yaha kahanA bhI susaMgata hai ki apanI avasthAkI unnati karanA bhI jJAnalAbhakA aura eka uddezya hai| saMkSepameM kahA jA sakatA hai ki saba prakArake duHkhakI nivRtti aura saba prakArake sukhakI vRddhi hI jJAnalAbhakA uddezya hai / aura, duHkha aura sukha kyA hai, isa praznake uttarameM saMkSepameM kahA jA sakatA hai ki abhAva aura apUrNatA hI duHkha hai aura usakI pUrti hI sukha hai| yaha bAta isa manuvAkyake bhI viruddha nahIM hai ki " paravaza sabhI viSaya duHkha haiM, aura Atmavaza sabhI viSaya sukha haiN|" (sarva paravazaM duHkhaM sarvamAtmavazaM sukham / manu 4 / 160) /

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sAtavAM adhyAya / jJAna-lAbhakA uddezya / kyoMki abhAva aura apUrNatA hI hamAre paravaza hone kAraNa hai aura pUrNataH prApta honese hI hama Atmavaza ho sakate haiM jJAnalAbhake dvArA jo duHkhakI nivRtti aura sukhakI vRddhi hotI hai vaha isI taraha hotI hai| pahale to jJAnalAbhake sAtha sAtha, jo hama nahIM jAnate the vaha jAna liyA, yaha samajhakara jo apUrva Ananda hotA hai, vaha thor3e sukhakA kAraNa nahIM hai| yaha sukha hI vizvaniyantA Izvarake zubhakara niyamake anusAra vidyArthIke jJAnopArjanake lie honevAle zramako kama karatA hai| dUsare, jJAnake dvArA hamAre duHkhakA kAraNa jo saba tarahakA abhAva aura apUrNatA hai use hama jAna sakate haiM aura usako dUra karanekA upAya nikAla sakate haiM / abhAva aura apUrNatAse utpanna duHkhakA anubhava jJAnI aura ajJAnI sabhI karate haiM; kintu usa duHkhake kAraNakA nirdeza aura use dUra karanekA upAya khoja nikAlaneke lie upayukta jJAna-lAbhakA prayojana hai| tIsare, jahA~ duHkha anivArya hai vahA~ para bhI jJAnake dvArA usa duHkhake anivArya honakI upalabdhi honese usa duHkhakI sampUrNa nivRtti bhale hI na ho, usameM bahuta kucha kamI ho jAtI hai / jo duHkha anivArya jAnA jAtA hai use dUra karaneke lie pahale vRthA ceSTA, yA dUra karanekI ceSTA nahIM huI-yaha socakara vRthA . pazcAttApa karake kleza pAnA nahIM hotaa| cauthe, yathArtha jJAna prApta honepara ye do bAteM hRdayaMgama ho jAtI haiM ki saMsAra aura sAMsArika sukhaduHkha anitya haiM, aura AtmAkI unnati karanA hI nitya sukhakA ekamAtra kAraNa hai / isIse kramazaH saba duHkhoMkA vinAza hotA hai, aura sabhI bhavasthAoMmeM parama AnandakA anubhava karanekA adhikAra utpanna hotA hai| jJAnalAbhake dvArA Upara kahe gaye cAra tarahake phaloMkI prAptimeM aneka bAdhAe~ haiM, aura usIke lie aneka sthaloMmeM ukta phaloMkI prApti nahIM hone pAtI / aba una saba bAdhAoMke aura unake kAraNa yathArtha phala-lAbhakI rukAvaTake bAremeM kucha bAteM kahI jaayeNgii| jJAnalAbhake sAtha sAtha jo AnandalAbha honA cAhie, usake sambandhameM tIna pradhAna bAdhAe~ haiM / jaise -zikSA-vibhrAT, 2-parIkSA-vibhrAT aura 3-uddezyaviparyaya / jJAna0-11

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262 jJAna aura karma / [prathama bhAga zikSAvibhrATa aneka prakArakA hai| jaise zikSArthIkI sIkhanekI zakti aura AdhikArase adhika zikSA, zikSakakI sikhAnekI zakti se adhika zikSA, zikSAthIMke lie jo viSaya anAvazyaka haiM unakI zikSA, akAraNa kaThora praNAlIke dvArA zikSA, ityAdi / isa viSayameM pahale aneka bAteM kahI jA cukI haiM; isa samaya yahA~para phira adhika kahanekA prayojana nhiiN| parIkSA-vibhrAT pradhAnarUpase yaha hai ki parIkSArthIne par3he hue viSayako kahA~taka jAna pAyA hai-isakI parIkSA na lekara isa bAtakA paricaya lenekI ceSTA ki vaha kahIMtaka nahIM jAna sakA, aura parIkSaka tathA parIkSA denevAleke bIcameM eka prakAra paraspara-viruddha sambandhakI sRSTi karanA / parIkSArthI jaise paga paga para parIkSakako dhokhA deneke lie taiyAra hai, isa taraha samajhakara, sarala prazna chor3akara kUTaprazna karanese, parIkSArthI bhI saralabhAvase jJAna prApta karane meM pravRtta na hokara, jisameM vaha kUTapraznakA uttara deneko samartha ho usI rAhameM phira par3atA hai| ina donoM vibhrAToM ( golamAla) kA phala yaha hotA hai ki jJAnalAbha AnandadAyaka nahIM hotA, balki kaSTakara ho uThatA hai| uddezya-viparyaya jo hai vaha jJAnalAbhajanita Anandake anubhavakI eka pradhAna bAdhA hai| zikSArthI manuSya agara niSpApa cittase-nirdoSa bhAvase jJAnake upArjanameM pravRtta ho, tabhI use jJAna-lAbhameM Ananda hogaa| ailA na hokara agara vaha kisI ku-abhisandhiko siddha karaneke lie kisI viSayakA jJAna prApta karane kI ceSTA karatA hai, to use zaMkita bhAvase jJAnopArjana karanA hotA hai, aura usa jJAnalAbhake sAtha jJAnakA kucha bhI saMsarga nahIM raha sktaa| aisI jagaha para kevala yahI bAta nahIM hotI ki jJAnakA upArjana jJAna-prArthIke lie AnandadAyaka na ho, balki vaha sarva sAdhAraNake gurutara aniSTakA kAraNa bhI ho sakatA hai| usa bhAvI aniSTako rokaneke lie pUrvakAlameM zikSaka loga vaha vidyA satpAtra vidyArthIke sivA aura kisIko nahIM dete the, jisakA prayoga anyakA aniSTa karane meM ho sakatA hai| vartamAna samayameM yaha bAta saMbhava nahIM hai| isa samaya zikSAkA pracAra bar3ha gayA hai| isa samaya kevala gurumukhase paDhakara hI vidyA nahIM prApta kI jA sakatI, pustaka par3hakara bhI sIkhI jA sakatI hai| isa samaya aniSTasAdhanameM jinakA prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai

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sAtavA~ adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhakA uddezya / 163 una vastuoMkA kraya-vikraya AIna aura rAjazAsanake dvArA zAsita karane ke sivA ukta prakArake aniSTako rokanekA aura upAya nahIM hai| jJAnopArjanake sAtha AnandalAbhakI jina tIna bAdhAoMkA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, unameMse antima vAdhA jJAnakRta pApale utpanna hai, aura isa tarahakI bAdhA sAdhAraNataH satra tarahake zubha phaloko naSTa kara detI hai| ataeva usake bAremeM vizepa kucha kahaneko nahIM hai| vaha saba dharmoM ke viruddha aura sarvatra ghRNita hai / anya jina do bAdhAoMkA ullekha huA hai ve vaisI nahIM haiN| unakA mUla bhrAnti hai, jJAnakRta pApa nahIM / zikSAkA jo phala honekA nahIM, use jaTila aura kaThina niyamoMka dvArA saMghaTita karanekI durAkAMkSA hI usa bramakI jar3a hai| vaha eka prakArakA vRthA abhimAna hai / aura jaise anyatra vaise hI isa jagaha bhI vRthA-abhimAna aneka AnaSToMkI jar3a hai| __ jo abhAva aura apUrNatAeM hamAre duHkhakI jar3a haiM unheM jJAnalAbhake dvArA jAna sakanepara bhI jo aneka jagaha unakI pUrtike upayukta upAya kAmameM nahIM lAye jAte, usakA kAraNa khoja kara dekhanese jAna par3atA hai ki vaha kAraNa kabhI bhrama, kabhI abhimAna, kabhI lobha aura kabhI kisI anya asAdhu pravRttikI uttejanA huA karatI hai| isa viSayake do-eka udAharaNa diye jA sakate haiN| mAdaka-dravya-sevana / / prAyaH sabhI jAnate haiM aura svIkAra karate haiM ki kevala davAke lie chor3akara anya kisI kAraNase nazIlI cIjoMkA sevana, kamase kama grISma-pradhAna deza (jaise bhArata ) meM atyanta aniSTakara hotA hai| arthanAza, svAsthyanAza, duSkarmameM pravRtti Adi aneka prakArake ghora aniSTa nazIlI cIjoMke levanase hote haiN| kintu una saba aniSToMko rokaneke lie hama kina upAyoMko kAmameM lAte haiM ? yaha saca hai ki jagaha jagaha madyapAnanivAriNI sabhAeM haiM aura una saba sabhAoMke meMbara loga bIca bIcameM madirApAnake viruddha tarka-vitarka karate haiM aura rAjakarmacAriyoM ke nikaTa madyapAna rokaneke lie aneka upAyoMkA prayoga karanekI prArthanA karate haiN| kintu prAyaH kisI bhI susabhya rAjyameM surApAnanivAraNake lie kArya karanevAlI niyamapraNAlI nahIM dekha pdd'tii| bahuta logoMkA khayAla hai ki madyapAnanivAraNake lie kaThora rAjazAsana vidhiviruddha aura niSphala hai / ve samajhate haiM, surApAna itane doSakI Adata

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164 jJAna aura krm| - [prathama bhAga nahIM hai ki rAjazAsanake dvArA use rokanA ucita samajhA jAya / ve kahate haiM. khAne-pIneke bAremeM logoMkI svAdhInatAke Upara hastakSepa karanA anyAya hai| ve yaha bhI kahate haiM ki logoMkI mAdaka-sevanapravRti itanI prabala hai ki use rAjazAsanake dvArA baMda karanekI ceSTA kisI taraha bhI saphala nahIM ho sktii| isalie unake matameM mAdaka padArtha taiyAra karanepara aura usakI 'kharIda pharokhta' ke Upara 'kara' bA~dhakara usakA mUlya bar3hA do| basa, isa taraha usake bananeko aura istemAlako anuzAsita karake jahA~taka usakA calana rokA jA sakatA hai roko| isase adhika ceSTA karanA vRthA hai| kinta mujhe ye saba bAteM saMpUrNarUpase akATya nahIM jAna pdd'tiiN| agara mAdakapadArthakA sevana gurutara doSakA kAraNa na ho to rAjazAsanake dvArA usakA pracAra rokanekI ceSTA vAJchanIya nahIM ho sktii| kintu mAdaka padArthake sevanase jo saba ghoratara aniSTa hote haiM unapara dRSTi DAlanese yaha bAta kisI taraha nahI kahI jA sakatI ki vaha gurutara doSakA kAraNa nahIM hai| khAne-pIne aura anya aneka viSayoMke sambandhameM logoMkI svAdhInatAmeM hastakSepa karanA anyAya hai, isameM koI sandeha nhiiN| magara kisI tarahake balaprayoga dvArA mAdaka padArtha sevana karanevAloMkI svAdhInatAke Upara hastakSepa karanA, atyanta prayojanIya sthalake sivA anyatra, koI nahIM cAhatA aura na koI usakA anumodana hI karatA hai| to bhI mAdaka padArthako paidA karanA yA banAnA aura usakA kraya-vikraya, kevala kara lagAne aura bar3hAneke dvArA anuzAsita na honA cAhie, vaha viSa taiyAra karane aura becane-kharIdanekI taraha, adhikatara kaThina rAjaniyamake dvArA rokA jAnA cAhie / kamase kama aisA karanA atyanta vAnchanIya jAna par3atA hai| kevala kara lAdane yA bar3hAnese eka tarapha dAma bar3ha jAneke kAraNa mAdaka dravya garIboMke lie kucha durlabha avazya hoM jAte haiM, lokana dhanIke lie isakA kucha phala nahIM hotaa| aura dUsarI tarapha sarakArI khajAnA bharaneke lie aneka rAjakarmacArI mAdaka padArthako sarvadhAraNake lie sulabha karanekA yatna kara sakate haiN| svAdhInatAke Upara hastakSepake bAremeM aura eka bAta hai| ekakI svAdhInatA jaba dUsareke lie aniSTakara hotI hai taba usa svAdhInatAke Upara hasta

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sAtavA~ adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhakA uddezya / rrn. ...... kSepa karanA samAja aura rAjAke lie prayojanIya ho uThatA hai| agara kahA jAya ki mAdaka padArtha sevana karanevAlA anyakA aniSTa nahIM karatA, kevala apanA hI aniSTa karatA hai, to usakA uttara yaha hai ki pahale to yahI bAta ThIka nahIM ki mAdaka padArtha sevana karanevAlA manuSya kevala apanA hI aniSTa karatA hai| vaha kamase kama apane parivAra aura parosIke lie aniSTa aura azAntikA kAraNa to avazya hI bana jAtA hai| isameM rattI bhara sandeha nhiiN| isake sivA agara yaha svIkAra kara leM ki vaha kevala apanA hI aniSTa karatA hai to bhI yaha nahIM kahA jAsakatA ki usake kArya meM hastakSepakA adhikAra dUsareko nahIM hai| agara AtmahatyA karanevAlekI svAdhInatAko rokanA anyAya nahIM hai to jo nazebAja apane svAsthya aura jJAnako naSTa karanemeM lagA huA hai use usa kAryase nivRtta karanemeM jo kucha usakI svAdhInatAmeM hastakSepa ho use anyAya nahIM kaha skte| mAdaka padArtha sevana karanekI pravRtti atIva pravala huA karatI hai; ataeva usako rokaneke kaThina niyama niSphala ho jAnekI saMbhAvanA hai, yaha Apatti avazya hI vicAra karanekI bAta hai| jo niyama nizcaya hI tor3A jAyagA, use calAnA kevala niSphala nahIM, aniSTajanaka bhI hai / kAraNa, doSako rokanA jo usakA uddezya thA vaha to raha hI gayA, usake Upara niyamalaMghanake kAraNa aura eka doSakI utpatti huii| itanA hI nahIM, niyamalaMghanAparAdhake daNDase bacaneke lie jhUTha-phareba Adi aura bhI aneka prakArake doSa bar3ha gye| ___ ataeva logoMkI asAdhu-pravRttiko pahale upadezake dvArA kucha-kucha saMzodhita karake usake bAda kaThina niyamakI sthApanAke dvArA usake nivAraNakI ceSTA yukti-siddha hai| kintu dUsarI ora yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki jahA~ pravRtti atyanta prabala hai vahA~ kevala upadeza-vAkyake adhika phalaprada honekI saMbhAvanA nahIM rhtii| aise sthala para usa pravRttiko caritArtha karane meM jisase bAdhA ho, aise niyamakI sahAyatA Avazyaka hai| usa niyamake ekadama niSphala honekI kucha bhI AzaMkA nahIM hai| kAraNa, prabala pravRtti jaise apa. neko caritArtha karaneke lie logoMko uttejita karatI hai, vaise hI upayukta padArthaka abhAvameM caritArtha na ho sakane para dhIre dhIre kSINa bhI ho jAtI hai| magara hA~, Upara kahe gaye niyamako atyanta sAvadhAna aura satarka ho kara

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jJAna aura karma / [prathama bhAga ThIka karanA Avazyaka hai| jisase sahajameM usakA laMghana na kiyA jAya, aura laMghana karane para vaha sahaja hI pakar3a liyA jAya, aise niyamakA prayojana hai| abhAva aura sukh| jJAna-lAbhake dvArA hamArI AvazyakatAoMkI aura apUrNatAoMkI pUrti hokara jisase saccA sukha bar3he, vahI vAMchanIya hai| kintu duHkhakA viSaya yaha hai ki aisA na hokara aneka jagaha jJAnalAbhake dvArA navIna abhAvoMkI sRSTi hotI hai| eka sAdhAraNa dRSTAntake dvArA yaha bAta spaSTa samajhameM A jaaygii| pacIsa-tIsa varSa pahale, jaba cAyakI khatIko isa dezake loga acchI taraha nahIM samajhate the, taba cAyakA calana bhAratavAsiyoMmeM bahuta hI kama thaa| lekina isa samaya isa deza meM cAya pInA itanA pracalita ho gayA hai ki kyA amIra aura kyA garIba, sabameM adhikAMza loga aise haiM ki ve cAya piye binA nahIM raha sakate; yadyapi cAya anekoMke lie puSTikAraka na hokara apakAra karanevAlI hI hai (1) / aura, aneka logoMkI avasthA aisI hai ki cAya pInameM jo kharca hotA hai vaha prayojanIya AhArakI cIjoMkA kharca kama karake usase karanA par3atA hai| jaba cAyakI khetIko hama nahIM jAnate the taba cAyakA abhAva hI nahIM jAna par3atA thaa| isa samaya cAyakI khetI jAnakara hamane cAya pInekI spRhAse utpanna eka naye abhAvakI saSTi kara lI hai, aura cAya pIneke dvArA utpanna asusthatA hamAre apUrNa zarIrakI apUrNatAko aura bhI bar3hA rahI hai| phira AzcaryakA viSaya yaha hai ki zikSita samAjameM cAya pInekA abhyAsa bhI sabhyatAkA eka lakSaNa ginA jAtA hai| bahuta loga samajhate haiM ki abhAvakA kama honA sabhyatAkA lakSaNa yA sukhakA kAraNa nahIM hai| manuSyakI unnatike sAtha sAtha abhAvoMkI aura usakI pUrti meM sukhakI vRddhi hotI hai| eka pAzcAtya kavine kahA hai-" jisake abhAva kama haiM usako sukha bhI thor3A milatA hai / abhAvase AkAMkSA bar3hatI hai, aura abhAvakI pUrtise sukha hotA hai|" (2) __ yaha bAta saca hai ki jJAnavRddhi tathA zArIrika, mAnasika aura AdhyAtmika unnatike sAtha sAtha hamArA abhAvabodha aura use pUrNa karanekI ( 9 ) Dr. Weber's Means for the Prolongation of Life, P.51 (2) Goldsmith's Traveller, Lines 211-214 dekho|

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sAtavA~ adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhakA uddeshy| 167 kSamatA bar3hatI hai| manuSya AdimeM asabhya avasthAmeM susajita nivAsasthAna, svAdayukta AhAra aura sundara.pozAkake abhAvakA anubhava nahIM karatA, aura anubhava karane para bhI usakI pUrti karanemeM asamartha rahatA hai / kyA baccA aura kyA asabhya manuSya, sabhI anubhava karanekI zaktike anusAra jo sukhadAyaka hai use pAnekI icchA karate haiM, aura use na pAne para usake abhAvakA anubhava karate haiN| kintu kauna padArtha sukhadAyaka hai, isa viSayakI anubhavazakti jJAna bar3haneke sAtha sAtha parivartita aura parivartita hotI rahatI hai, aura sukha tathA sukhadAyaka padArthoM kA Adarza bhI kramazaH uccase uccatara hotA jAtA hai| kintu kevala isI lie yaha bAta nahIM svIkAra kI jA sakatI ki bhogakI lAlasA bar3hAnA aura bahuta saMkhyAmeM bhogya vastue~ taiyAra karanA, yA unheM bhoga karanA sabhyatAkA lakSaNa athavA sukhakA kAraNa hai| pahale to yaha yAda rakhanA cAhie ki bhogajanita sukha kSaNika hotA hai, aura usake dvArA jo. bhogakI lAlasA bar3hatI hai vahI phira sukhake vinAzakA kAraNa ho uThatI hai| manu bhagavAnane satya hI kahA hai na jAtu kAmaH kAmAnAmupabhogena zAmyati / haviSA kRSNavarmaiva bhUya evAbhivarddhate // (-manu 2 / 94) arthAt bhogakI vAsanA bhoga karanese kabhI zAnta nahIM hotii| ghIkI Ahuti par3anese agnikI taraha vaha usase aura bhI adhika prajvalita ho uThatI hai| dUsare, aneka prakArake abhAva anubhava karanekI, uttama uttama padArthoMkA upabhoga karanekI, Ara ve saba vastue~ taiyAra karanekI zaktikA rahanA vAJchanIya hai sahI, lekina usa zaktikA nirantara vyavahAra kabhI vAJchanIya nahIM hai / acche khAdyakA abhAva anubhava karanekI, aura cakhakara bure khAdyako tyAga karanekI, aura khAdya padArthake rasakA sAmAnya prabheda jA~canekI zakti rahanA vAJchanIya hai, kintu kevala isI lie dinarAta acche khAne-pIneke padArthoMke khAne-pIne meM hI lage rahanA vAMchanIya nahIM hai| yahA~ prazna uTha sakatA hai ki acche khAdya padArtha taiyAra karanekI zaktike nirantara vyavahArameM doSa kyA hai ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki

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168 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga rasanAko tRpti denevAle khAdya padArthako AvazyakatAse adhika mAtrAmeM taiyAra karanese eka prakArase logoMkA lobha bar3hAyA jAtA hai, dhanIko ati bhojanakA prazraya diyA jAtA hai, nirdhanake lie prayojanIya AhArakA abhAva khar3A kiyA jAtA hai| agara koI kahe ki sukhadAyaka padArthake upabhogakI vAsanA samAjameM na . rahanese acche padArtha taiyAra karaneke lie koI yatna nahIM karegA, aura zilpa Adi kalAvidyAoMkI unnati na hogI, to isakA uttara yaha hai ki koI vAsanAoMko ekadama tyAga karaneke lie nahIM kahatA; kahanese bhI yaha bAta ho nahIM sktii| to bhI vAsanAkA saMyata honA ucita hai, aura vaha saMyatabhAva dhAraNa karanese jitanI mAtrAmeM bhogakI vAsanA rahegI vahI zilpa Adi kalAvidyAoMkI unnati karanemeM yatheSTa utsAha degii| aura eka bAta hai / loga apane bhoga karaneke lie vyAkula na hokara bhaktibhAjana aura prItipAtra logoMke bhogake lie agara uttama padArthokI khoja kareM, to uttama vastuke prati anurAga dikhAnA aura use taiyAra karaneke lie utsAha denA, donoM kAma yatheSTarUpase hoM, aura sAtha hI loga vilAsI na hokara svArthatyAgakA pATha bhI pddh'eN| pUrvasamayameM hindU samAja aura anya aneka zikSita samAjoMmeM yahI bhAva prabala thaa| usa samaya loga suzobhita aura susajjita ghara banavAnekI icchako deva. mandira aura sarvasAdhAraNake kAmoMke lie samarpita bhavana banavA kara pUrNa karate the, aura apane rahaneke lie sAdhAraNa lekina sApha-sutharA havAdAra ghara banavAkara santoSa prApta karate the aura usIko yatheSTa samajhate the| ve lar3ake-lar3akiyoMko sundara pozAka pahanA kara Apa sAdhAraNa lekina surucisaMgata zuddha vastra pahanate aura usImeM santuSTa hote the / aura, isa taraha jo dhana bacAyA jA sakatA thA vaha jalAzaya khudavAnemeM, atithizAlA (dharmazAlA ) sthApita karanemeM, arthAt isI tarahake sarvasAdhAraNake lie hitakara kAmoMmeM kharca kiyA jAtA thA / sabhIko bar3e aura susajjita mahalameM rahanA cAhie, caTorI jIbhako tRpta karanevAlA bhojana karanA cAhie, zaukInIkI bar3hiyA pozAka pahananI cAhie, aisA na huA to hamameM sabhyatA hI kyA AI, ye hI to sabhyatAke lakSaNa haiM; ye bAteM una logoMkI nahIM hai jo samAjakA hita cAhate haiM aura yathArtha jJAnI haiM / svArthasAdhanameM tatpara aura pezedAra loga hI aisI bAteM kahate haiN|

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sAtavA~ adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhakA uddezya / tIsare, jJAnavRddhike sAtha sAtha sukhakA aura sukhadAyaka vastukA Adarza kramaza: ucca hotA rahatA hai, kamase kama yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ucca honA cAhie, kintu bhoga aura bhogya vastukI adhikatA hI usa AdarzakI uccatAkA lakSaNa nahIM hai| ucca AdarzakA sukha vahI kahA jA sakatA hai, jo kSaNika yA anyakA aniSTa karanevAlA na ho, aura ucca AdarzakI bhogya vastu vahI kahI jA sakatI hai jo usa ucca Adarzake sukhakA kAraNa ho, aura jise prApta karane meM parAI pratyAzA yA anyakA aniSTa na karanA par3e / indriya-sukha jitane haiM sabhI kSaNika haiN| jaba taka.indriya-grAhya vastukA bhoga kiyA jAtA hai tabhI taka usa sukhakA anubhava hotA hai, usake bAda phira vaha mukha nahIM rahatA, aura usa bIte hue sukhakI smRti sukhadAyinI na ho kara duHkha hI detI hai| kintu satkarma karanese utpanna sukha usa tarahanA kSaNika nahIM hotA aura usakI smRti bhI sukha denevAlI hotI hai / isake sivA indriyoMkI bhogazakti bhI sImAbaddha hai| inhIM kAraNoM se indriya-sukha kabhI ucca AdarzakA sukha nahIM ho sakatA / indriya-sukhake upayogameM AnevAlI vastu bhI kabhI ucca AdarzakI bhogyavastu nahIM hai| use prAta karaneke lie dUsarekI pratyAzA karanI par3atI hai-aurakA mu~ha tAkanA par3atA hai| isake sivA pRthvIkA parimANa bahu vistRta hone para bhI acche darjekI bhogya vastukA parimANa asIma nahIM hai| ataeva eka AdamI agara adhika parimANameM acchI vastukA bhoga karegA to sAkSAt sambandhase athavA prakArAntarase anyakI bhogya vastukA parimANa saMkIrNa karanA hotA hai, aura isI kAraNa anyakA aniSTa bhI usake dvArA hotA hai| isa tarahakI bhogyavastu ucca AdarzakI bhogya vastu kabhI nahIM ho sktii| kugrnth-prcaar| ___ kabhI kabhI jJAnakI vRddhike sAtha sAtha azubhakA nivAraNa na hokara usake viparIta phala hotA hai| isakA eka sAmAnya dRSTAnta hai kurucise prerita hokara likhe gaye una sAhitya-granthoMkA aparimita pracAra jinase kupravRttiyoMkoM * uttejanA milatI hai| jisa samaya sRSTi nahIM huI thI aura zikSita logoMkI saMkhyA alpa thI, usa samaya anthoMkA pracAra bhI thor3A thaa| isI kAraNa rI pustakeM par3haneke dvArA logoMkA aniSTa honekI sambhAvanA bhI kama thii|

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170 ___jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga isa samaya presoMke dvArA anthoMke pracArameM subhItA ho gayA hai, aura likhe par3e logoMkI saMkhyA bhI bar3ha gaI hai| isa kAraNa jo grantha prakAzita hote haiM unheM aneka loga par3hate haiM, aura yaha sukhakA viSaya hai, isameM sandeha nhiiN| kintu yaha lagAtAra sukhahIkA viSaya nahIM hai, isameM duHkha bhI zAmila hai| kAraNa, aneka aise grantha likhe jAte haiM jinako likhe jAnekA kAraNa kevala kurucikI preraNA hai, aura jinase kupravRttiyoMko uttejanA milatI hai aura sahaja hI samajhameM AnevAlI tathA zurUmeM Ananda denevAlI honeke kAraNa aisI hI pustakeM adhika par3hI jAtI haiN| jinameM spaSTarUpase azlIlatA bharI hai ve pustakeM rAjazAsanake adhIna haiM, aura sabhya samAja prakAzyarUpale unheM par3ha nahIM sakatA / spaSTa kuSTharogagrasta AdamIkI taraha logoM ke dvArA ve parityakta hotI haiN| lekina jina pustakoMmeM azlIlatA pracchanna bhAvase rahatI hai, ve alakSita kuSTharogIkI taraha parityakta na hokara, sabake pAsa A-jAsakatI haiM, aura antako unakI saMkrAmaka vyAdhi sarvatra phailakara taraha tarahake aniSTa karatI hai| sAmAjika aura rAjanItika viplava / jJAnavRddhi ke sAtha sAtha azubhakI vRddhikA aura eka udAharaNa uddhata ucchR. khalatA aura sAmAjika va rAjanItika viplava hai|| jana-samAjameM jitane dina jJAnakI carcA thor3I rahatI hai utane dina sAmAjika aura rAjanItika Andolana bhI kama hI rahatA hai, aura vizeSa gurutara kAraNa upasthita hue vinA sAmAjika tathA rAjanItika viplava ghaTita nahIM hotA / jJAnavRddhike sAtha sAtha loga apane apane svArtha, apane apane adhikAra aura dezake lie kyA zubha hai aura kyA azubha hai-ina saba viSayoMke AndolanameM pravRtta hote haiM, sAtha hI apanA aura dezakA maMgala karane tathA amaMgala miTAnaka upAya socate haiN| isameM sandeha nahIM ki ye saba jJAnalAbhake suphala haiN| kintu inake sAtha hI ati aniSTa karanevAle kuphala bhI mile hue haiM / kucha alpabuddhi, asthiracitta, uddhata, avivecaka loga samajhate haiM ki vartamAna avasthAmeM jo kucha asukhakara hai use ekadama samAja yA rAjatantrase chalabalakauzalase, cAhe jisa taraha ho, dUra karake, usake badalemeM, unakI kaccI samajhameM jo kucha sukhakara hai usake sthApanAkI ceSTA hI samAjasaMskAraka aura

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sAtavA~ adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhakA uddezya / svadezAjurAhIkA zreSTha dharma hai| ve nahIM samajhate ki purAne ke saMskAra aura nayekI sRSTi meM kitanA bar3A antara hai| naI bhUmi meM naI imArata banAnA sahaja hai| purAnI imAratako tor3akara girAkara usa bhUmiko sApha karake usake Upara naI imAratako khar3A karanA, kucha adhika zrama aura dhanavyayase sAdhya hone para bhI, kaThina nahIM hai / lekina purAnI imAratako bilkula na girAkara kevala usake TUTe aura jIrNa bhAgakI marammata karanA aura usa samaya usI gharameM rahakara vaha marammata karanA atyanta kaThina kArya hai aura yaha kAma karaneke lie atyanta sAvadhAnIkI jarUrata hai| purAne samAja aura pracalita rAjatantrakA saMskAra bhI vaisA hI kaThina kArya hai, aura usameM bhI vaisI hI sAvadhAnatAkI jarUrata hai| samAja aura rAjatakako acchA banAne ke lie use balaprayogake dvArA agara bilkula girA denekI ceSTA kI jAtI hai to usakA phala yaha hotA hai ki jitane dinataka navIna samAja yA nayA rAjatantra saMgaTita nahIM hotA, utane dinataka usa navIna saMgaThanakI anizcita AzAmeM svecchAcAra aura arAjakatA Adi nizcita azubha phala bhogane par3ate haiN| yaha aura bhI duHkhakA viSaya hai ki isa zreNIke rAjanItika saMskAra karanevAle loga apane uddezyako acchA batAkara use siddha karaneke lie bure upAyoMko bhI kAmameM lAte nahIM hicakate / sunA jAtA hai, aneka suzikSita loga yUropameM gupta vilpavakAriyoM ( Anarchists) ke dalameM zAmila haiM, aura ve binA kisI saMkocake bhayAnaka hatyA. kANDoMmeM pravRtta hote haiN| aura, vyathita cittase dekhanA par3atA hai ki dharmabhIru aura svabhAvahIse karuNa-hRdaya bhadra hinduoMkI santAnoM meM bhI koI koI aise atyanta nindita nIca kArya meM lipta ho rahe haiN| ve kahate haiM, " amaMgalako bilkula tyAga kara denele maMgalakI AzA bhI chor3a denI par3atI hai / azubhase zubhakI utpatti honA hI prakRttikA niyama hai| jo pracaNDa A~dhI bar3e-bar3e vAstu-vRkSoMko girA detI hai, usIse vAyumaNDala sApha hotA hai| jo bhISaNa bahiyA (bAr3a) nivAsasthAnasahita jIvajantuoMko bahA le jAtI hai, usIke dvArA pRthvIke UparakI malinatA (gaMdagI) dhula jAtI hai aura upajAU zakti bar3hatI hai|" ye saba bAteM saca haiN| aura, yaha bhI saca hai ki koI bhI viplava akAraNa nahIM hotaa| dezakI avasthA aura dezakI zikSA praNAlImeM avazya hI aisA koI doSa hogA, jisake kAraNa viplavakArI loga viplava kara

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jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga neke lie uttejita hote haiM / kintu kevala isI lie yaha kabhI nahIM kahA jAsakatA ki viplava acchI cIja hai / andhaprakRti ( Nature ) ke kAryase AMdhI aura bahiyA Adi AtI haiM / ajJa janasAdhAraNakI uttejita aura asaMzaya pravRttikI prarocanAse viplava hotA hai / aura, una saba azu. bhoMse zubha bhI hotA hai| lekina usI taraha azubhase zubhasaMghaTanakI jJAnakRta ceSTA kabhI anumodanake yogya nahIM hai| jJAnakA kArya hai andhazaktiko sumArgameM calAnA / ajJa jIva kevala pravRttikI prarocanAse kArya karatA hai, jJAnI jIva jJAnake dvArA pravRttiko saMyata aura zAsita karake kAma karatA hai| jo apaneko jJAnI samajhakara abhimAna karate haiM, samAja aura zAsanapraNAlIke saMskAraka honA cAhate haiM, ve kabhI andha prakRtikI dohAI dekara, azubhake dvArA zubhako lAveMge-yaha kahakara, unakA uddezya cAhe jitanA acchA kyoM na ho, bure upAyake avalaMbanako ucita nahIM kahA jA sktaa| agara koI kahe ki andha prakRtika paricAlaka vahI ananta jJAnamaya caitanya haiM, kintu to bhI prakRtike kAryameM azubhake dvArA zubha hotA hai, to isake uttarameM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ananta jJAna abhrAnta hai, usake dvArA saMcAlita prakRtike azubha kAryase aisA koI zubha phala nizcaya hI hogA jo hamArI alpabuddhi nahIM jAna sktii| kintu yahI kahakara bhrAnta adUradarzI manuSyake lie anizcita zubha phalakI AzAle nizcita azubhakara kAryameM pravRta honA kabhI ucita nahIM ho sktaa| hama saba apane kAmake lie jimmedAra haiM, karmakA phala hamAre vazameM nahIM hai| acche upAyake dvArA zubha phala ghaTita karane meM asamartha hone para bure upAyake dvArA use pAnekI ceSTA chor3akara cupa rahanA hI hamArA eka mAtra kartavya hai| jAtIya vivAda-yuddha / jJAnakI vRddhi hone para bhI saba sthaloMmeM pRthvIkA duHkha dUra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa bAtakA eka aura dRSTAnta deNge| yaha bAta bahuta bar3I hai, isa lie vaha kucha saMkSepameM saMkoca ke sAtha hI kahI jaaygii| vyaktigata nItike anusAra parAyA dhana chInanA aura dUsareko satAnA, donoM hI doSakI bAteM haiM / yaha siddhAnta sarvavAdisammata hai| jAtIya nItimeM bhI isa bAtakI sacAIko saba loga svIkAra karate haiN| kintu do jAtiyoMmeM paraspara vivAda hone para; yuddha arthAt paraspara satAnA aura yA para

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sAtavA~ adhyAya] jJAna-lAbhakA uddezya / dhana chInanA isa samaya bhI sarvatra anumodina hai| yuddho ajunA pakSa avazya hI yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vyakti vyantrimeM vivAda upasthita hone para rAjA yA rAjapratinidhi usakA phaisalA kara dete haiM, kintu jAdi jAti vivAda upasthita hone para koI bhI rAjA usakA phaisalA karanevAlA nahIM ho sakatA / usakI aMtima mImAMsA yuddha hI karatA hai / jo jAnidohe paraspana vivAda upasthita hone para yuddhake sivA aura upAya nahIM hai / ata yuddha bhalA ho yA burA, samaya samaya para vaha anivArya hotA hai| anya jAti aura asabhya jAtimeM paraspara vivAda hone para, jAna par3atA hai, isa bAtako satya hI mAnanA pdd'egaa| to bhI usa avasara para agara sabhya jAni kucha vivecanAse kAma le, to yuddhakI bhayAnakatA bahuta kucha kama ho sakatA hai / kAraga, danaimAna sabhya aura asabhya jAtiyoMkI avasthAko vivecanApUrvaka dekhane se samajha par3atA hai, sabhya aura asabhyakA yuddha, sabala aura durbalakA saMgrAma, sabala aura sabhyake kucha sadaya-bhAva dhAraNa karane para, zIghra hI samApta honA saMbhavapara hai| kintu do sabhya jAtiyoM meM paraspara vivAda hone para usa jagaha yuddhake sivA aura dUsarA upAya nahIM hai-yaha bAta svIkara karate cittako vyathA hotI hai| kAraNa, yaha bAta svIkAra karaneke sAtha hI yaha bhI svIkAra karanA par3atA hai ki jo loga sabhya aura suzikSita haiM ve bhI apane vivAdakI jagaha svArtha yA abhimAnake mohameM aMdhe hokara nyAyake mArgako nahIM dekha paate| aisI jagaha para kamase kama eka pakSa mohase aMdhA na ho, to vinA yuddhake jhagar3A miTanemeM kisI vAdhAkA rahanA saMbhava nhiiN| do sabhya jAtiyoMke zIrSasthAnIya puruSoMmeM nyAyamArga nizcita karaneke lAyaka vidyA, buddhi aura sat-vivecanAkA abhAva nahIM raha sktaa| ataeva jo ve niHsvArtha bhAvase jhagar3ekA phaisalA karaneke lie yatna kareM aura apanI durAkAMkSAko chor3a deM, to yuddhakA prayojana nahIM raha sktaa| samaya samaya para avazya aisA ho sakatA hai ki atyanta sUkSma bhAvase dekhane para donoM pratidvandviyoMmeMse kisakA kathana kahA~taka nyAyasaMgata hai, yaha ThIka karanA kaThina hotA hai| kintu vaise avasaroM para yuddhase honevAle bhayAnaka aniSTako rokaneke lie donoM pakSoMkA, kucha hAni svIkAra karate hue jarA sthUla siddhAnta mAna lenA hI kyA buddhimattAkA kAma nahIM hai ? yaha bAta nahIM hai ki yuddha meM anAsthA aura yuddha-nivAraNake lie vyagratA, kevala isa samaya yuddhakA abhyAsa na rakhanevAle komala-prakRti bhAratIyoMkA hI

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jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga guNa yA doSa hai| yuddhakA abhyAsa rakhanevAle dRr3ha-prakRti yUropiyanoM meM bhI yaha bAta dekhI jAtI hai, aura isIse kucha kucha AzAkA saMcAra hotA hai ki aMtako eka dina pRthvI parase yaha bhayaMkara amaMgala (yuddha) ekadama uTha jaaygaa| suprasiddha kAuMTa TAlsaTAya aura mahAtmA sTeDa sAhabane yuddha-nivAraNake lie aneka yuktisaMgata bAteM likhI aura kahI haiN| unheM 'ekadezadarzI asaMyatacitta AndolanakArI kahakara agara koI unakI bAtoMko ur3A denA cAhe, to suprasiddha anekazAstrajJa dhIramati adhyApaka hyavelakI bAteM usa taraha agrAhya nahIM kI jA sktii| unhoMne kisI vivAdake avasara para yA kisI pakSakA samarthana karane ke lie vaisI bAteM nahIM kahI haiN| apane vila (vasIyatanAmeM) meM ve una bAtoMko likha gaye haiM, aura kevala likha hI nahIM gaye, balki apane kahaneke anusAra unhoMne kAma bhI kiyaa| unhoMne apane vilameM likhA hai ki unakI dI huI jAyadAdakI AmadanIse sAlAnA 500 pAuMDa (7500 rupae) vetana dekara keMbrija vizvavidyAlaya eka jAtIya vidhAnakA adhyApaka niyukta kare aura vaha adhyApaka jAtIya vyavahArazAstrake anuzIlanameM niyukta raha kara " aise niyamake nirdhAraNakA yatna kare, jisake dvArA yuddhake amaMgalakA -hAsa ho aura antako jAtiyoMmeM paraspara honevAlA yuddha ekadama baMda ho jaay|" (1) yuddhake sambandhameM eka aura duHkhakI bAta yaha hai ki prAcInakAlameM zatruke prati dharmayuddha meM jisa vIrocita vyavahArakI vidhi thI, usakA jJAnakI unnati ke sAtha sAtha utkarSa nahIM huA, balki jAna par3atA hai kucha avanAte hI huI hai (2) / isa samaya kisI kisIke matameM yuddha meM kapaTa-vyavahAra karanA niSiddha nahIM hai (3) vijJAnakI carcA aura anuzIlanake dvArA jo saba bhayAnaka zastra-astra taiyAra karaneke upAya nikAle jA rahe haiM unakA jahA~ tahA~ prayoga hotA hai| . itane dina taka pRthvI aura sAgara hI yuddhasthala the| isa samaya AkAzako (1) Cambridge University Calendar for 1903-1, Page 556 dekho| (2) mahAbhAratake zAntiparvakA 95 adhyAya dekho / (3) Wheaton's International Law, 3rd Ed. Pt. 4, ch. 11, aura Sidgrick's Politics, P. 255 dekho|

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sAtavA~ adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhakA uddezya / 175 bhI yuddhabhUmi banAne kara udyoga ho rahA hai| yaha udyoga saphala hone para usakA pariNAma jaisA bhayAnaka hogA, usakI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| yuddhake anukUla pakSameM koI koI yaha bAta kahate haiM ki yuddhahIke dvArA adhikAMza pRthvI kSamatAzAlI aura sabhya jAtiyoMke hAtha meM AI hai, asabhya jAtiyoMne sabhya jAtiyoM ke adhIna hokara apanI unnati kI hai, aura jahA~ kisI asabhya jAtiko vazIbhUta karanA asAdhya yA atikAThena Ana par3A hai vahA~ khUnI jAnavaroMkI taraha unako vinaSTa karake pRthvI para sabhya jAtikI nivAsabhUmikA parimANa bar3hAyA gayA hai| yaha bAta kucha kucha satya hai sahI, lekina saMpUrNa satya nahIM hai| prAcIna itihAsa inakI pUrNa satyatAko nahIM pramANita karatA / aneka sthaloM meM sabhya aura alabhya meM nahIM, sabala aura durvalameM yuddha huA hai| usameM durbala sabhya jAtine parAsta hokara tarahatarahake kaSTa sahe haiM / pAzcAtya paNDitoMmeM jo mata pracalita hai usake anusAra " jagatmeM saMgrAmameM yogyatamakI jaya honA hI prAkRtika niyama hai aura isI niyamake phalase yogyatama jIvoMkI saMkhyA bar3ha kara azubhakara jIvana-saMgrAmase jIvajagatkI unnati honekA jo zubha phala hai vaha utpanna ho rahA hai| yaha bAta bhI saMpUrNa satya kahakara svIkAra nahIM kI jA sktii| ajJAna jIvajagatmeM yaha avazya satya hai, kintu sajJAna jIvajagatmeM saMgrAma aura maitrI, vidveSa aura prIti, ina donoMkI kriyA ekatra calatI hai / jIvakI prathama avasthAmeM, jJAnodayake prAraMbha meM, kSudra svArthakI prarocanAse AtmarakSAke lie saba jIva paraspara vidveSabhAvale saMgrAmameM lage rahate haiM aura yogyatamakI hI vijaya hotI hai,kintu kramazaH manuSyajAtikI pariNataavasthAmeM jJAnavRddhike sAthasAtha eka ora jaise hama samajha pAte haiM ki kevala apane svArthakA muMha dekhanese parasparake virodhameM kisIkA bhI svArtha sAdhita nahIM hotA, aura asaMyata svArthakI uttejanA ghaTanese saMgrAmakI pravRtti zAnta hotI hai, dUsarI ora vaise hI dekha pAte haiM ki anyake svArtha para kucha lakSya rakhanele parasparakI sahAyatAke dvArA apanA apanA svArtha bhI bahuta kucha siddha hotA hai, aura mitra bhAvakA udaya bhI hotA hai| eka ora jaise atyanta svArthaparatAkA apakAra samajhA jA sakatA hai, dUsarI ora vaise hI vaha bAta samajha sakaneke phalase hama logoMkA paraspara vyavahAra aisA hone lagatA hai ki atyanta svArthaparatAkA prayojana kama raha jAtA hai|

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176 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga yahI bAta aura eka bhAvase dekhI jA sakatI hai| hama jaise svArthaparatAkI pravRttike dvArA apane hitasAdhanake lie uttejita hote haiM vaise hI udhara dayAdAkSiNya-upakAra karanakI icchA Adi pravRttiyoM ke dvArA parAyA hita karaneke lie bhI utsAhita dekhe jAte haiM / jo manuSya jitanA parahitameM nirata hai, vaha utanI hI parAI sahAyatA pAtA hai, aura apane svArthasAdhanameM nirvighna rUpase nivRtta raha sakatA hai| eka ora yAda rakhanA hogA ki jaise hamArI apUrNa avasthAmeM pUrNa niHsvArthaparatA saMbhavapara nahIM hai, vaise hI zubhakara bhI nahIM hai| hamArI vartamAna dehayukta apUrNa avasthAmeM kucha svArtha aise haiM jinheM tyAga karanA asAdhya hai, aura una svArthoke sAdhanake lie hama khuda yatna na kareM to abhI samAja itanA unnata nahIM huA ki aura loga usake lie yatna kareMge / pakSAntarameM, hama agara atyanta svArthapara hoMge to anyake svArthake sAtha virodha upasthita hogA, aura apane svArthakA sAdhana asAdhya ho uThegA / jo apanA saccA hita cAhatA hai use nirantara isa samasyAkI pUrti karake calanA hogA ki kahA~taka apane svArthakA tyAga karanese aura parAye svArtha para dRSTi rakhanese yathAsAdhya ucca mAtrAmeM svArtha lAbha ho sakatA hai| aisI jagaha pUrvakathita gaNitake gariSThaphalanirUpaNakI bAta smaraNa rakhakara calanA avazyaka hai| saccA svArtha parArthakA virodhI nahIM hotaa| hamArA yathArtha svArtha anyake yathArtha svArthake viruddha nahIM hogaa| jo kucha virodha dekha par3atA hai usakA kAraNa hamArI apUrNatA aura dehayukta avasthA hI hai / jo vyakti yA jo jAti svArtha aura parArthake isa virodhakI mImAMsA karake jIvana-saMgrAma aura jIvake sakhya bhAvakA sAmaMjasya sthApita kara sakatI hai, aura isa dRr3ha vizvAsako prApta karatI hai ki parArthako ekadama agrAhya karake akhaMDita svArtha lAbhakI durAkAMkSA kevala burI hI nahIM, balki jagatke niyamake anusAra apUraNIya bhI hai, vahI vyakti yA jAti yathArthameM yogyatama hotI hai aura usIko vijaya milatI hai| loga suneM yA na suneM, yathArtha jJAna jo hai vaha spaSTa karake U~ce svarase nirantara yahI bAta kaha rahA hai| brahmakI upalabdhike dvArA jJAnalAbhakA carama uddezya siddha ho yA na ho, sAMsArika

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sAtavA~ adhyAya ] jJAna-lAbhakA uddezya / 177 sukhakI anityatAkA bodha aura AtmotkarSake sAdhanameM Ananda-ye donoM jJAnopArjanake utkRSTa phala mile yA na mile, ina saba ucca zreNIkI bAtoMko choDakara, kamase kama upara kahe gaye svArtha aura parArthaka sAdhAraNa jamA-kharcako pamajha kara calanA sIkhanese saMsArake bAjArameM Akara lAbha na hogA to atyanta kSatigrasta hokara lauTanA bhI nahIM pdd'egaa| jo loga parakAla mAnate haiM, unake lie jJAnakA carama uddezya hai jagatke bandhanase mukti milanA aura brahmakI upalabdhi / usa carama lakSyake Upara dRSTi rakhakara calanese manuSya sadA ThIka hI rAha para jaaygaa| aura, vaha carama ukSya bhUla jAnese manuSya saMsArayAtrAmeM rAha bhaTaka jAtA hai| bahuta loga samajhate haiM, usa carama lakSya para dRSTi rakhanA jIvanakI zeSa avasthAkA vidhAna hai. prathama avasthAmeM isa karmakSetra para lakSya rakhakara karmI honekI hI AvazyakatA hai| ve kahate haiM, usa carama lakSya para dRSTi rakhanese isa dezake loga bhaMkarmaNya ho gaye haiM aura isa samaya atyanta hIna avasthAmeM Apar3e haiN| kucha vevecanA karake dekhanese samajhameM A jAyagA ki yaha Apatti saMgata nahIM hai| dUrastha carama lakSyako yAda rakhanevAlA nikaTastha vartamAna lakSyako bhUla jAya, yaha bAta koI nahIM khtaa| yaha saca hai ki alpabuddhi manuSya eka ora yAna rakhatA hai to use dUsarI orakA khayAla nahIM rahatA; kintu isI kANa carama lakSyako yAda rakhaneke lie kahanA Avazyaka hai| kAraNa, nikaTakA lakSya sahaja hI yAda rhegaa| hA~, ekAgratAke sAtha kevala usI carama sakSya para dRSTi rakhakara vartamAna kartavyako bhUla jAnA vidhi-siddha nahIM hai| padyapi paraloka aura muktilAbhake sAtha tulanAmeM yaha loka aura vaiSayika jyApAra atyanta tuccha hai, kintu ina tuccha viSayoMkI sAdhanAke bAda hI una ica viSayoM meM adhikAra paidA hotA hai / isa lokake bhItara hokara hI para- ' hokake jAnekI rAha hai| vaiSayika vyApAroMmeM kartavyapAlanakA abhyAsa hI yuktilAbhakA upAya hai| yahI vizvaniyantA jagatpitAkA banAyA niyama hai| mAryaRSiyoMkI eka Azramake bAda dUsare Azramako grahaNa karaneke sambandhakI zekSA hai| isa niyamakA ullaMghana karanese, nimnAstarakI zikSAke pahale hI ucca tarako zikSAke yogya samajhanese, aura vijJAna zikSAkI avahelA karake darzana zAstrakI AlocanAmeM mana lagAnese hamArI durgati huI hai| atIta kAlakI. jJAna0-12

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178 zAna aura krm| bhAga isa zikSAko yAda rakhakara, jo bhrama ho gaye haiM unakA saMzodhana karake calanA hI hamArA isa samaya kartavya hai| kintu to bhI kahatA hU~ ki isa bhramakA saMzodhana karanemeM hama aura bhI gurutara kisI bhramameM na par3a jAya~ aura usa carama lakSyako na bhUle-isakA hameM khyAla rahe / jo loga usa carama lakSyako bhUlakara isa lokake sukha aura svacchandatAko hI jIvanakA parama lakSya samajhate haiM, ve samRddhizAlI ho sakate haiM, kintu unakI asIma bhogalAlasAse utpanna azAnti, unakI asaMyata svArthaparatAke kAraNa nirantara kalaha aura paraspara bhayAnaka aniSTa ceSTAke Upara dRSTi DAlanese ve kabhI sukhI nahIM kahe jA skte|

Page #203
jJAna aura krm| dvitIya bhaag-krm| upkrmnnikaa| isa pustakake prathama bhAgameM jJAnake sambandhameM kucha bAteM. kahI gaI haiN| aba isake dvitIya bhAgameM karmake sambandhameM kucha AlocanA kI jaaygii| pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki jJAna aura karmameM paraspara sambandha hai ye donoM paraspara eka dUsarekI apekSA rakhate haiM / ekakI bAta (jaise jJAnavibhAgameM jJAtAkI bAta ) kahanemeM dUsarekI bAta (jaise karmavibhAgameM kartAkI bAta ) aneka sthaloMmeM prakArAntarase Apa A jAtI hai, aura usIke sAtha * use bhI na kahanese yaha bAta asaMpUrNa aura aspaSTa raha jAtI hai| isI kAraNa prathama bhAgameM, jJAnakI AlocanAmeM, dvitIya bhAgameM kahanekI bAteM jagaha jagaha para kaha dI gaI haiN| kintu ve bAteM phira dvitIya bhAgameM yathAsthAna na kahanese bhI kAma nahIM calegA / kAraNa, unheM na kahanese isa sthAnakI bAteM bhI aspaSTa hI raha jAya~gI / isa kAraNa isa dUsare bhAgameM jo kucha punarukti hogI, usa doSako, AzA hai, pAThaka kSamA kreNge| ___ karma zabda, jJAna-yukta jIva arthAt manuSyake kArya, isa arthameM grahaNa kiyA jaaygaa| kartA binA karma nahIM hotaa| ataeva karmakI AlocanAmeM sabase

Page #204
zAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga pahale kAkI carcA uThatI hai| aura, kartAkA jikra Anepara yaha prazna uThatA hai ki vaha svatantra hai, yA avasthA use jisa taraha calAtI hai usI taraha calane arthAt kArya karaneke lie vaha vAdhya hai ? aura, prAsaMgika bhAvase yaha prazna bhI uThatA hai ki kAryakAraNasambandha kisa tarahakA hai ? aura ina donoM praznoMkI AlocanAke bAda hI ye do prazna uThate haiM ki karmake pradhAna bhAgakA arthAt kartavya kAryakA lakSaNa kyA hai ? aura kartavyatAkA lakSaNa kyA hai ? isake bAda kaI eka khAsa taurake karmoMkI AlocanA vAMchanIya hai| ve karma ye haiM-pArivArika nItisiddha karma, sAmAjika nItisiddha karma, rAjanItisiddha karma aura dharmanItisiddha karma / aura sabake antameM 'karmakA uddezya kyA hai ' isa praznakA saMkSipta uttara denA Avazyaka hai| ataeva 1-kartAkI svatantratA hai ki nahIM, aura kArya-kAraNa-sambandha kisa tarahakA hai, 2-kartavyatAkA lakSaNa, 3-pArivAraka nItisiddha karma, 4-sAmAjika nItisiddhaH karma, 5-rAjanItisiddha karma, 6-dharmanItisiddha karma aura 7-karmakA uddezya ye sAta viSaya kramase alaga alaga adhyAyoMmeM. isa dUsare bhAgameM. varNana kiye jaayeNge|

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pahalA adhyaay| karttAkI svtNtrtaa| karmakI AlocanAmeM sabake Age katAkA hI jikra AtA hai| kAraNa, kAMke binA karma nahIM hotaa| kartAke bAremeM AlocanA karanese yaha prazna pahale hI uThatA hai ki kartAkI svatantratA hai ki nahIM ? yaha prazna anAvazyaka nahIM hai, kyoMki kartAke aura usake karmake doSa-guNakA nirUpaNa, aura kartAkI satkarma-zikSA aura bhAvI unnatike upAya ThIka karanA, isa praznake uttarake Upara nirbhara hai| yadi kartA svatantra hai, to apane karmake lie vaha saMpUrNarUpase jimmedAra hai, aura usake doSa-guNoMkA nirUpaNa usake karmoMke doSa-guNoMke dvArA hogaa| aura, usake satkarma sIkhane aura bhAvI unnatike lie, jisameM usakI svatantra icchA zubhakara ho, vahI rAha pakar3anI hogI / aura agara vaha svatantra nahIM hai, vaha avasthAhIke dvArA pUrNarUpase saMcalita hotA hai, to usake karmoMke lie vaha jimmedAra nahIM banAyA jA sakatA, aura usake doSaguNoMkA nirUpaNa usake kauke doSa-guNoMke dvArA nahIM hogA / taba usakI satkarma-zikSA tathA bhAvI unnatike lie, jisa avasthAke dvArA vaha saMcalita hotA hai, usIke aise parivartanakI ceSTA karanI hogI, jisase vaha sumArgameM saMcAlita ho ske| kartA svatantra hai ki nahIM-yaha prazna karma aura kartAkA paraspara kaisA sambandha hai, isa praznake sAtha milA huA hai| aura, pichalA prazna kAryakAraNasambandha kisa tarahakA hai, isa sAdhAraNa praznakA eka vizeSa aMza hai / ataeva

Page #206
jJAna aura karma / [dvitIya bhAga pahale isIkI kucha AlocanA kI jAyagI ki isa sAdhAraNa praznakA ThIka uttara kyA hai| kAryakAraNasambandha / kArya-kAraNa-sambandha kisa tarahakA hai, isa bAremeM bahuta matabheda hai| nyAyadarzanake racanevAle gautama aura vaizeSika darzanake praNetA kaNAda, ina donoMke matameM kArya aura kAraNa paraspara bhinna haiN| sutarAM isa matake anusAra kAraNa pahalehIse hai, kArya pahale nahIM thA, arthAt kArya asat hai| sAMkhya-darzanake matameM kArya jo hai vaha kAraNakA rUpAntara mAtra hai| ataeva isa matameM kArya pahalehIse avyakta bhAvase kAraNameM thA, arthAt kArya sat hai| ina saba matoMkI AlocanA karanekA yahA~ kucha prayojana nahIM hai * / yahA~ para itanA hI kaha denA yatheSTa hogA ki jaba kisI kAryake saba kAraNoMkA milana hone para vaha kArya avazya hI hogA, to kArya apane kAraNasamUhakA rUpAntara yA bhAvAntara mAtra hai, aura vaha usa kAraNasamUhameM avyakta bhAvase maujUda thA, nahIM to vaha kahA~se AyA ? koI kArya ApahIse huA, koI vastu ApahIse AI, yaha hama mu~hase avazya kaha sakate haiM; kintu vaha vRthA zabdaprayoga mAtra hai| vaisA kisa taraha hogA, isakA manameM anumAna yA kalpanA hama nahIM kara sakate / AtmAse pUchanese hI isa bAtakA pramANa pAyA jAtA hai| haraeka kAryakA kAraNa hai| vaha kAraNa bhI apane pUrvavartI kisI kAraNakA kArya hai| ataeva usa kAraNakA bhI kAraNa hai| phira usakA bhI kucha kAraNa hai / isa taraha paramparAkramase kAraNazreNI ananta ho jAtI hai| yaha to huI eka kAryakI bAta / kintu jagatmeM haraghaDI asaMkhya kArya hote rahate haiM / ataeva isa tarahakI kAraNazreNIkI saMkhyA bhI asIma ho jaaygii| kintu yaha bAta taba hogI, jaba ye saba bhinna bhinna kAraNoMkI zreNiyA~ milita hokara apane AdimeM eka yA ekase adhika kintu alpasaMkhyaka mUla kAraNameM samApta na ho jAya~ / sAdhAraNa logoMkI sAmAnya yukti aura prAyaH sabhI dezoMke vidvAnoM buddhimAnoMke soca samajha kara kahe gaye vacanoMne isa kAraNa-bahulatAkA parihAra karate hue jagatke Adi mUla kAraNako kevala eka _* isa sambandhameM zrIyukta pramathanAtha tarkabhUSaNa praNIta 'mAyAvAda' pustaka dekhanI caahie|

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pahalA adhyAya ] kartAkI svtNtrtaa| 183 athavA do batalAyA hai / advaitavAdIke matameM vaha Adi kAraNa eka hai, aura vaha brahma athavA jar3a hai| aura dvaitavAdIke matameM Adi kAraNa eka nahIM do hai; unheM prakRti aura puruSa athavA jar3a aura caitanya kahate haiN| caitanya aura jar3ameM maujUda vartamAna alagAva dekha kara dvaitavAdI loga kahate haiM-caitanya aura jar3a donoM hI anAdi haiM, aura ye hI donoM jagatkA AdikAraNa haiN| jar3avAdI loga kahate haiM-jar3ase hI caitanyakI utpatti hai| ye loga bhI eka prakArake advaitavAdI haiM / vedAntI advaitavAdI kahate haiM-jagatkA AdikAraNa eka brahma hai| jar3ase caitanyakI utpatti yuktiviruddha hai aura caitanyase jar3akI sRSTi yuktisiddha hai, yaha bAta siddha karanekI ceSTA isa pustakake prathama bhAgake cauthe adhyAyameM kI jA cukI hai| yahA~ para phira una saba bAtoMke kahanekA prayojana nahIM hai| usa sambandhameM kevala eka bAta yahA~ para kahI jaaygii| mAyAvAdIke __ "brahma satyaM jaganmithyA jIvo brahmaiva naaprH|" arthAt , brahma satya hai, jagat mithyA hai, jIva brahmake sivA aura kucha nahIM hai| yaha kahanekA kAraNa zAyada yaha hai ki jagatkA AdikAraNa brahma nirA. kAra nirvikAra hai, kintu jagat sAkAra aura savikAra hai, ataeva jagat satya nahIM ho sakatA, hamAre bhramake kAraNa vaha satya sA pratIta hotA hai; kyoM ki nirAkAra nirvikArase sAkAra savikAra nahIM nikala sktaa| isa kathanake mUlameM yaha bAta maujUda hai ki jaisA kAraNa hotA hai usakA kArya bhI vaisA hI hotA hai| kintu yaha pichalI bAta kucha dUra taka satya hai, saMpUrNa satya nahIM hai / pahale to, kAraNake sAtha kAryakA kucha sAmya raha sakatA hai, kintu kArya jaba kAraNakA rUpA. ntara yA bhAvAntara hai, taba vaha sAmya saMpUrNa sAmya ho nahIM sakatA-usake sAtha avazya hI kucha vaiSamya bhI rhegaa| dUsare, yaha bAta kahanese jagatkA jo kAraNa hai usakI asImazaktike Upara sImAkA Aropa hotA hai / saca hai ki yaha anumAna nahIM kiyA jAtA ki jJAnake kaI eka niyamoM (jaise eka hI samayameM eka hI jagahameM eka hI vastukA honA aura na honA, donoM bAteM nahIM ho sakatIM) kA atikramaNa ananta zakti bhI kara sakatI hai| kintu vartamAna sthalameM usa tarahake kisI niyamakA ulaMghana nahIM hotaa| agara koI kahe ki nirAkAra aura sAkAra, yA nirvikAra aura savikAra bhAva aise viruddha guNa haiM ki

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184 jJAna aura karma / [dvitIya bhAga ve eka sAtha eka hI AdhArameM ( athavA usake tulyakSetrameM, arthAt eka guNa kAraNameM aura dUsarA guNa usake kAryameM) nahIM raha sakate, to usakA uttara yaha hai ki yadyapi eka hI vastu eka kAlameM nirAkAra aura sAkAra, athavA nirvikAra aura savikAra nahIM ho sakatI, kintu brahma aura jagat usa taraha vaisI hI eka vastu nahIM haiN| brahma ananta hai, jagat ( arthAt jagatkA jitanA aMza hamAre nikaTa pratIyamAna hai) antayukta hai / brahma akhaNDa hai, pratIyamAna jagat khaNDamAtra hai / ataeva AdikAraNa brahma nirAkAra aura nirvikAra honepara bhI, usakA AMzika kAryakA arthAt pratIyamAna jagatkA sAkAra aura savikAra ho sakanA itanA yukti-viruddha nahIM hai ki jagatko ekadama mithyA aura jagat-viSayaka jJAnako ekadama bhrama kahA jAya / hama apane apUrNa jJAnameM jagatko jaisA dekhate haiM, vaha jagatkA ThIka svarUpa bhale hI nahIM ho sakatA, aura hamArA jagat-viSayaka jJAna bhI pUrNajJAna nahIM hai, kintu kevala isIlie yaha bAta nahIM kahI jA sakatI ki jagat ekadama mithyA hai aura hamArA usake viSayakA jJAna ekadama bhrama hai / dRzyamAna jagat parivartanazIla hai, aura usa jagatkA sukha-duHkha asthAyI hai, aura isa bAtako bhUlakara jagatkI vastu aura usase utpanna sukha-duHkhako sthAyI samajhanA bhrAnti hai, isa arthameM jagatko mithyA aura hamAre tadviSayaka jJAnako bhrama kahA jA sakatA hai| kintu vaha bAta eka prakArase alaGkArakI utprekSAmAtra hai| saMkSepameM kahA jAya to kArya-kAraNa-sambandhakA mUlatattva yaha hai(1) koI bhI kArya vinA kAraNake ho nahIM sktaa| (2) kArya mAtra hI apane kAraNa arthAt kAraNa-samUhake milanakA phala haiM, aura una saba kAraNoMkA rUpAntara yA bhAvAntara haiN| aura usa milanake pahale ve kArya apane kAraNasamUhameM avyakta bhAvase nihita rahate haiN| (3) sabhI kAraNoMkA Adi kAraNa eka anAdi ananta brahma hai| brahma khuda apanI sattAkA kAraNa hai, aura sabhI kArya mUlameM usI brahmakI zakti yA icchAse prerita haiN| isa bAtake Upara eka kaThina prazna uTha sakatA hai| sabhI kAryoMkA Adi kAraNa agara eka anAdikAraNa hai, aura kArya agara kAraNasamaSTike milanekA phala aura usakA rUpAntara yA bhAvAntaramAtra hai, to phira vaha milana nitya

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pahalA adhyAya ] karttAkI svataMtratA / navIna navIna rUpase kyoM hotA hai ? usa milanako karAnevAlA kauna hai? aura kAraNa-samaSTiko vaha rUpAntara. yA bhAvAntara kisa taraha hotA hai? arthAt vaha Adi kAraNa kevala eka vAra hI kArya saMpanna karake kyoM nahIM kSAnta rahatA? aura, kAraNa hI kisa taraha kAryako saMpanna karatA hai ? isa praznakA sampUrNa uttara denA hamAre apUrNa jJAnakI kSamatAke bAhara hai| magara to bhI isa praznako uThAye vinA hamase rahA nahIM jAtA, aura jabataka hama isakA uttara na pAveMge, tabataka jJAnapipAsAkI nivRtti na hogii| ataeva yaha anumAna asaMgata nahIM hai ki jo apUrNa jJAna yaha prazna kiye vinA raha nahIM sakatA, vaha pUrNa jJAnakA hI vicchinna aMza hai, aura usa pUrNa jJAnake sAtha punarmilana honepara hI hamArI jJAnakI pyAsa bujhegI, hameM pUrNa Ananda prApta hogaa| Uparake praznakA prathama bhAga yaha jijJAsA karatA hai ki AdikAraNa jo hai vaha eka vAra kArya karake zAnta na hokara kyoM nirantara naye naye kAma karatA ha, aura navIna kAryake lie kAraNasamUhakA nitya navIna milana kauna karAtA hai ? isake uttarameM kevala itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki kArya-kAraNaparaMparAkA yaha asthira aura nitya-nUtana-bhAva usI AdikAraNakI zakti aura icchAkA phala hai| isa virAT vizvake pratyeka aNumeM vahI zakti nihita hai, aura usake balase pratyeka aNu nirantara vyakta yA avyakta bhAvase gatizIla ho rahA hai| AdikAraNakI zakti yA icchAkA phala usakA vikAra nahIM kahA jA sakatA; use usakA svabhAvasiddha kArya hI kahanA pdd'egaa| praznake dUsare bhAgakA ThIka uttara denemeM hama asamartha haiN| hamArI sthUla dRSTi kArya yA kAraNake abhyantarameM praveza nahIM kara sktii| isI lie, yaha hama nahIM jAna pAte ki kAraNase kArya kisa taraha ghaTita hotA hai / magara hA~, yatna karanese ina saba viSayoMko hama kucha kucha jAna sakate haiM ki kisa kAryake lie kisa kisa kAraNakA kisa tarahase milana Avazyaka hai, kisa upAyase kAraNasamaSTikA usa tarahakA milana ghaTita hotA hai, kisa niyamase ( arthAt jahA~ kArya aura kAraNa parimeya hai vahA~) kitanA parimita kAraNa kitane parimita kAryameM pariNata hotA hai| aba 'kartAkI svatantratA hai ki nahIM?' isa karmakSetrake pradhAna praznakI kucha AlocanA kI jaaygii|

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186 jJAna aura krm| [ dvitIya bhAga ___ eka sAmAnya pravAda hai ki 'kartAkI icchA hI karma hai|' vyaMgyake samaya hI isakA prayoga hotA hai| kintu isa parihAsasUcaka pravAda ( kahAvata ) meM bhI kucha satya hai / kAkI icchA hI karmakA sAkSAt-sambandhI aura nikaTavartI kAraNa hai| kintu vaha icchA svatantra hai, yA anya kAraNake adhIna hai, isakA siddhAnta hue vinA yaha nahIM kahA jAsakatA ki kAke svatantratA hai, yA nhiiN| merI icchA svatantra hai ki nahIM, isa viSayakA nirNaya karaneke lie apane antaHkaraNameM hI Age anusandhAna karanA hotA hai, pahale apane AtmAse hI yaha pUchanA hotA hai / AtmAkA avivecita uttara svatantratAke anukUla hogA? AtmA anAyAsa hI kahegA ki merI icchA svataHpravRtta hai, aura yadyapi maiM jo karanekI icchA karatA hU~ vahI saba sthaloMmeM kara nahIM sakatA, kintu jo nahIM karanekI icchA hai vaha karaneke lie koI bhI mujhe vAdhya ( majabUra ) nahIM kara sktaa| kintu AtmAkA yaha sAkSyavAkya svIkAra karaneke pahale sAkSIse eka kUTaprazna karanA Avazyaka hai / vaha yaha ki maiM koI karma karanekI yA na karanekI jo icchA karatA hU~ vaha icchA kyA merI icchAke adhIna hai, yA merA pUrvasvabhAva pUrvazikSA aura pAripAzvika (cAroM orakI) avasthAkA phala hai ? arthAt merI icchA hI kyA merI icchAkI kAraNa hai,yA vaha anyakAraNakA kArya hai? kucha socakara uttara diyA jAya to AtmAko avazya hI kahanA par3egA ki merI icchA icchAke adhIna nahIM hai, vaha aneka kAraNoMkA kArya hai| eka dRSTAntake dvArA yaha bAta aura bhI spaSTa ho jaaygii| maiM isa samaya yahA~se uTha jAU~gA ki nahIM, isa viSayameM merI icchA kyA hai, aura kyoM vaha vaisI hI hogI? socane para dekha pAU~gA ki mere vartamAna karma aura jisake anurodhase uThanakI bAta yAda AI vaha karma, ina donoMkI prayojanIyatA aura hRdayagrAhitAkA tAratamya (nyUnAdhikatA), merI isa ghar3I jaisI dehakI avasthA hai vaha aura usake anusAra sthiti (Thaharane) yA gati (jAne) ke prati anurA-. gakI nyUnAdhikatA, dUrasambandhameM merA pUrva svabhAva aura pUrvazikSA-jisake dvArA mere hRdayakI vartamAna avasthA ( arthAt karmakI prayojanIyatA aura hRdayagrAhitAke tAratamya-bodhakI zakti )aura gati yA sthitikI ora pravRttikI nyUnAdhikatA nirdhArita huI hai, ina saba kAraNoMke dvArA merI icchAkA nirUpaNa hogaa| merI icchA inhIM saba kAraNoMkA kArya hai| pahale kArya-kAraNa

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pahalA adhyAya] kartAkI svtNtrtaa| sambandhake jina tIna mUla-tattvoMkA ullekha huA hai, unameMse prathama tattvake anusAra bhI isI tarahake siddhAntameM pahu~canA hotA hai / merI icchA vinA kAraNake Apa hI huI, yaha bAta saMgata nahIM mAnI jA sktii| asvatantratAvAdake viruddha Apatti / kartAke sambandhameM, svatantratAvAdI loga isake viruddha yaha bAta kahate haiM ki AtmA jaba prazna karate hI uttara detA hai ki merI icchA svAdhIna hai, to AtmAkA vahI sAkSya-vAkya grahaNayogya hai| usake bAda soca-vicAra kara vaha jo kahatA hai ki merI icchA aneka kAraNoMke adhIna hai, so vaha bAta sikhAye par3hAye gavAhakI taraha agrAhya hai| aura, kArya-kAraNa-sambandha-viSayaka jisa tattvakA ullekha huA hai, usake anusAra, jaise vinA kAraNake kArya nahIM hotA, yaha bAta svIkAra karanI hotI hai, vaise hI phira yaha bAta bhI svIkAra karanI hogI ki saba kAraNoMkA jo Adi kAraNa hai vaha anya kisI kAraNakA kArya nahIM hai / ataeva usa taraha manuSyakI icchA anya kAryakA kAraNa hai, kintu vaha khuda kisI kAraNakA kArya nahIM hai, yaha bAta kahI jA sakatI hai| isa ApattikA khaNDana / ye saba tarka yukti-siddha nahIM jAna par3ate / AtmAkA prathama uttara avivecanA aura ahaMkArakA phala hai| dUsarA uttara vivecanAkA hai, aura vaha yathArtha antardRSTike dvArA prApta hai, aura vahI ThIka uttara hai / isa jagaha para gItAkA yaha amUlya vAkya smaraNa karanA cAhie ki prakRteH kriyamANAni guNaiH karmANi srvshH| ahaMkAravimUDhAtmA kartAhamiti manyate // (gItA 3 / 27 ) arthAt prakRtike guNa hI jagatke saba kAmoMko karate haiN| kintu ahaMkArase mUr3ha ho rahA AtmA apaneko hI unakA karanevAlA mAnatA hai / kucha socakara dekhanehIse samajhameM A jAyagA ki AtmAkA prathama uttara saba samaya ThIka nahIM utaratA / eka sAdhAraNa udAharaNa dUMgA / candramAkI ora dekhakara agara koI AtmAse pUche ki maiMne kyA dekhA? to AtmA usI dama uttara degA ki maiMne candramAko dekhA / kintu yaha saba hI jAnate haiM ki hama candramAko nahIM dekha pAte, candramAkA jo pratibimba hamAre A~khoMmeM par3atA

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188 jJAna aura krm| dvitIya bhAga wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww..... hai kevala vahI dekhate haiM, aura cakSuindriyameM koI doSa rahanepara candramA bhI usIke anusAra vikRta dekha par3atA hai / jaise darzakako pANDuroga (kA~vara ) huA, to use caMdramA pANDuvarNa dekha pdd'egaa| ___ manuSyakI icchA hI apanA kAraNa hai, vaha anya kisI kAraNakA kArya nahIM, yaha bAta kahanese pratyeka manuSyakI icchA eka eka svAdhIna kAraNa hogI, aura aisA honepara jagatke eka AdikAraNase alaga aura bhI bahutase svAdhIna kAraNoMkA astitva svIkAra karanA par3atA hai| isa tarahakI bahutase kAraNoMkI kalpanA yuktisiddha nahIM hai / hA~, yahA~taka kahA jA sakatA hai ki AtmA jisa cinmaya pUrNa brahmakA aMza hai, AtmAkA svAdhInatA-bodha usI pUrNabrahmakI svatantratAkA asphuTa vikAza ho to ho sakatA hai| aura eka Apatti / svatantratAvAdI loga kartAke paratantratAvAdake viruddha aura eka bhArI Apatti 'upasthita karate haiM / ve kahate haiM, yadi kartAkI svatantratA nahIM hai, to kartA apane karmake lie jimmedAra nahIM hai, aura kartAke doSaguNa bhI nahIM rahate / ataeva pApa-puNya aura unake kAraNa honevAlA daNDa aura puraskAra bhI uTha jAyagA / isa ApattikI avazya hI vivecanAke sAtha alocanA karanA kartavya hai| usakA khnnddn| kartAkI svatantratA na rahanese kartA karmake lie jimmedAra nahIM ho sktaa| kintu aisA honese hI pApa puNya aura daNDa-puraskAra uTha jAnekI bAta nahIM svIkAra kI jAsakatI / karmake kAraNa kartAke doSa-guNa nahIM haiM, yaha kahakara karmake doSa-guNa aura phalAphalakA bhI lopa nahIM ho sktaa| karmake lie kartA jimmedAra ho yA na ho, pApakarma doSakara kAma aura puNyakarma guNakara kAma ginA hI jAyagA / karmakA phalAphala avazya hI phalegA, aura vaha phalAphala kartAko avazya hI bhoga karanA pdd'egaa| ___ pahale to, karmake doSa-guNa kartAkI jimmedArI hone yA na hone para nirbhara nahIM haiM, yaha bAta zAyada sahaja hI aneka loga svIkAra kara leNge| kartA cAhe jAnakara kare, aura cAhe binA jAne kare, usake kiye hue bhale-bure kAma avazya hI bhale-bure gine jAyeMge / hA~, usameM kartAkA doSa-guNa hai yA nahIM, yaha

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pahalA adhyAya ] kartAkI svataMtratA / vicAra karaneke lie yaha dekhanA hogA ki kartAkI svatantratA hai yA nhiiN| aura, kartAkI svatantratA na rahanepara avazya hI yaha svIkAra karanA hogA ki doSa-guNa sAdhAraNataH jisa arthameM gRhIta hote haiM, usa arthameM apane kamauke lie kartAke doSa-guNa nahIM haiM, usakI nindA yA yaza nahIM haiN| dUsare, dekhA jAya ki katAkI svatantratA na rahanepara kamakA phalAphala usake sambandhameM phalegA ki nahIM, aura vaha phalAphala tathA usake sAtha daNDa yA puraskAra use grahaNa karanA hogA ki nhiiN| karmake lie kartA jimmedAra ho yA na ho, bhale karmakA bhalA phala aura bure karmakA burA phala avazya hI phalegA / maiM agara kisI garIbako eka aThannI denA socakara bhUlase eka ginI de dUM, to bhI lenevAleko ginnI milanekA phala milegaa| athavA meM yadi koI cIja phekate samaya daivasaMyogase kisI vyaktiko coTa pahuMcAU~, yA mAra baiM-, to bhI coTa khAye hue vyaktiko coTakI vedanA phuNcegii| hA~, dAna karaneke kAraNa sukha yA coTa pahu~cAneke kAraNa duHkha jAnakara karanese jaisA hotA, vaisA nahIM hogaa| tathApi lenevAlekI bhalAI huI-yaha jAna kara sukha aura coTa khAnevAleko kaSTa pahu~cA-yaha jAnakara duHkha isa jagaha bhI hogA, aura vaha honA bhI caahie| kintu merI svatantratA nahIM hai, maiM avasthAkA dAsa hU~ aura avasthAke dvArA vAdhya hokara maiMne acchA yA burA kAma kiyA, usakA zubhAzubha, usakA puraskAra yA daNDa mujhe bhoganA nahIM par3egA-ina bAtoMko sahaja hI nyAyasaMgata kahakara svIkAra karaneko jI nahIM caahtaa| ina bAtoMko jarA vivecanA karake dekhanA Avazyaka hai| agara koI merI saMpUrNa anicchA rahane para bhI merI bImArImeM balapUrvaka mujhe koI davA khilA-pilA de, to kyA usase merA roga zAnta na hogA ? athavA yadi koI merI saMpUrNa anicchA rahane para bhI balapUrvaka mujhe koI jaharIlI cIja khilA-pilA de, to kyA usase merA svAsthya nahIM naSTa hogA? to phira maiM yaha bAta kyoM kahatA hU~ ki maiMne avasthAse lAcAra hokara kAma kiyA hai, isa lie merA usakA phalAphala bhoganA nyAyasaMgata nahIM hai ? jAna par3atA hai, usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki maiM apane jar3ajagatke karma ( jaise dehake Upara davA yA viSakI kriyA) ko aMdha prakRtike alaMdhya niyamake adhIna samajhatA hU~, aura sajJAna jIva-jagatke karmako vaisA nahIM samajhatA, aura usa karmakA phala denevAleko nyAyI samajha kara

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jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga usake dvArA svatantratArahita kartAke lie karmaphalabhogake vidhAnako anyAya yA anucita mAnatA huuN| yadi svatantratAhIna kartA ke lie usake duSTakarmakA phala ananta duHkha mAnanA par3e, to use avazya hI anyAya kahakara svIkAra karanA hogaa| kintu kartA cAhe svatantra ho, aura cAhe paravaza ho, hama yaha bAta kyoM svIkAra kareMge ki usake duSkarmakA phala ananta duHkha hai ? yaha bAta svIkAra karanese kartA svatantra hone para bhI karmaphala denevAlekI nyAyaparatAkI rakSA nahIM hotii| kAraNa, jo loga ananta duHkhakI bAta kahate haiM, ve avazya hI anantazaktimAna aura anantajJAnamaya Izvara mAnate haiN| isake sAtha hI yaha bAta bhI mAnanI par3atI hai ki usa Izvarane, jo jIva ananta duHkhabhoga karegA usako, ananta duHkha bhoganavAlA hogA-yaha jAnakara, utpanna kiyA hai| aisA honepara vaisI sRSTi nyAyasaMgata kaise kahI jA sakatI hai ? koI koI isa ApattikA khaNDana karaneke lie anantajJAnamaya Izvarako bhI usIke utpanna kiye jIvake bhAvI karma aura zubhAzubhake bAreme ajJa kaha kara svIkAra karanemeM bhI kuMThita nahIM haiM * / kintu yaha bAta kisI taraha yuktisiddha nahIM kahI jA sktii| agara duSkarmakA phala daNDasvarUpa ananta duHkha na hokara, kartAke saMzodhana aura unnati sAdhanakA upAya-svarUpa parimitakAlavyApI duHkhabhoga ho, aura usakA pariNAma ananta sukhalAbha ho, to phira sabhI ApattiyoMkA khaNDana ho jAtA hai| vaisA hone para, kAMkI svatantratA na rahane para bhI pApa-puNyakA prabheda aura duSkarmake lie duHkhabhogakA vidhAna jaisekA taisA banA rahA, sAtha hI usake lie kartAke Upara anyAya bhI nahIM huaa| kyoM ki kartAke duSkamake kAraNa honevAlA duHkhabhoga antameM anantakAlavyApI sukha pAnekA upAya mAtra hai, aura yaha kaheM to kaha sakate haiM ki vaha parimita samayakA duHkha ananta kAlake aparimita sukhake Age tulanAmeM kucha bhI nahIM hai| karmAkarmake zubhAzubha-phalabhogako agara puraskAra yA daNDa-svarUpa na mAna kara, use kartAkI zikSA (nasIhata ) yA saMzodhanakA upAya samajhA jAya, to kartA svatantra ho yA na ho, usa phalabhogake vidhAnako usake prati avicAra samajhanekA koI kAraNa nahIM raha jaataa| * Dr. Martineau's Study of Religion, Vol. II. P. 279 yo /

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pahalA adhyAya ] karttAkI svataMtratA / koI koI kaha sakate haiM ki yaha saba saca hone para bhI kartAke asvatantratAvAdakA eka avazya honevAlA phala yaha hai ki manuSya apane karmokA jimmedAra nahIM hai-yaha dhAraNA utpanna hojAne para duSkarma karanemeM bhaya aura satkarma karanemeM Agraha kama hojaaygaa| magara yaha AzaMkA amUlaka hai| kartAkI svatantratA na rahane para bhI jaba karmakA doSa-guNa banA rahA, aura kartAko karmAkarmakA zubhAzubha phala kucha samayataka bhoga karanA hI hogA, tathA avasthAke dvArA vAdhya hokara karma karane para bhI usakA zubhAzubha bhoganeke kAraNa AtmaprasAda aura AtmaglAni bhI avazya hogI, to phira duSkarma karanemeM khaupha aura satkarma karane Agraha kama honekI saMbhAvanA bahuta thor3I hai| aura eka bAta hai| karmake doSa-guNase kartA doSa-guNakA bhAgI nahIM hotA, yaha bAta mAnanese jaise duSkarmake lie honevAlI AtmaglAni ghaTegI, vaise hI satkarmase honevAle AtmagauravakA bhI hrAsa hogaa| kitane loga usa AtmaglAnikA kitanA anubhava karate haiM, vaha kitane AdamiyoMko sumArgameM le AtI hai, aura vaha Atmagaurava kitane logoMko unmatta banAkara kitanA aniSTa paidA karatA hai, yaha socanese, jAna par3atA hai, jamA-kharcameM ausata hisAbase asvatantratAvAda svatantravAdakI apekSA adhika kSati karanevAlA nahIM ho sktaa| __koI koI loga AzaMkA karate haiM ki asvatantratAvAdakA aura eka azubha phala hai-manuSyako nizceSTa kara denaa| ve kahate haiM, kartAkI svatantratA nahIM hai, vaha avasthAke dvArA vAdhya hokara karma karatA hai, yaha dhAraNA utpanna hone para hama koI karma karanekI ceSTA nahIM kareMge, kramazaH nizceSTa ho jaayeNge| kintu yaha AzaMkA amUlaka hai / asvatantratAvAda yaha bAta nahIM kahatA ki kartAkI ceSTAkA prayojana nahIM hai--karma ApahIse hogaa| vaha kevala yahI kahatA hai ki kartAkI icchA svAdhIna nahIM hai| vaha icchA hI khuda apanA kAraNa nahIM hai, kintu vaha kartAke pUrva-svabhAva, pUrva-zikSA aura pAripArzvika avasthAkA phala hai| vaha pUrva-svabhAva, pUrva zikSA aura pAripAzvika avasthA kAraNa-svarUpa hokara apanA kArya avazya karegI, aura usake phalase kartA utanI ceSTA kiye vinA nahIM raha sakatA, jitanI ki usako karanI hogii| phira yaha asvatantratAvAda jaba yaha mAnatA hai ki kartA apane karmAkarmakA zubhAzubha phala

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192 jJAna aura karma / [ dvitIya bhAga bhogatA hai, aura jaba zubha phala pAne aura azubha phala na pAnekI ceSTA manuvyake lie svabhAvasiddha hai, taba yaha kabhI saMbhava nahIM ki manuSya asvatantratAvAdI honese hI nizceSTa ho jAyagA / Upara kahe gaye asvatantratAvAdameM deva aura puruSakAra kA sAmaMjasya hai, arthAt vaha kartAke pahale ke karmaphala aura vartamAna ceSTA, donoMkI kAryakAritAko svIkAra karatA hai / yaha adRSTavAda kahakara dUSita nahIM ho sakatA / adRSTa aura puruSakAra 1 adRSTavAda kahanese agara yaha samajhA jAya ki maiM kisI vAMchita kArya ke lie cAhe jitanI ceSTA kyoM na karU~, adRSTa arthAt merI na jAnI huI koI alaMghya anivArya zakti usa ceSTAko viphala kara degI, to vaha adRSTavAda mAnA nahIM jA sakatA; kyoMki vaha kArya-kAraNa-sambandha viSayaka niyamake viruddha hai / kintu yadi adRSTavAdakA artha yaha ho ki kAryakAraNaparaMparA ke kramase jo kucha honeko hai, aura jo pUrNa jJAnamaya brahmake jJAnagocara thA ki aisA hogA, usIkI ora merI ceSTA jAyagI -- dUsarI ora nahIM jAyagI, to vaha adRSTavAda mAne binA nahIM rahA jA sakatA / kAraNa, vaha kArya-kAraNasambandhaviSayaka alaMghya niyamakA phala hai / pUrvokta asvatantratAvAda mAnanese, jaba dekhA jAtA hai ki kartAkI icchA svAdhIna nahIM hai, vaha usake pUrva-svabhAva, pUrva- zikSA aura pAripArivaka avasthAke dvArA saMcAlita hai, taba vartamAnameM kevala vaisI hI nItikI zikSA denA yatheSTa na hogA jisase kartAkI icchA satpathameM jAneke lie prabala ho, balki una saba upAyoMkA avalambana Avazyaka hai, jinase bhAvI karma karanevAloMkA pUrva-svabhAva, pUrva- zikSA aura pAripArzvika avasthA unakI icchAko satpathagAminI banAneke lAyaka ho / isI lie bAlakako agara bhaviSya meM acchA dekhanekI AzA kI jAya, to yaha Avazyaka hai ki usake mAtA-pitA suzikSita aura saccAritra hoM, vaha bAlya kAlase hI suzikSA pAve, use sAttvika AhAra-vihAra ( Amoda-pramoda - krIr3A ) ke sAtha satsaMga meM acche parivAra * mahAbhArata, anuzAsana parva, chaThA adhyAya dekho /

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pahalA adhyAya ] karttAkI svataMtratA / aura acche parosiyoMke bIcameM rakkhA jAya / hamAre pUrvajanmake karmaphalabhogake sambandhameM cAhe jitanA matabheda kyoM na rahe, yaha sabhIko svIkAra karanA hogA ki hamAre janmake pahale hamAre pUrvapuruSa jina kamAko karate haiM unakA phala hameM bhoganA par3atA hai| __ hama jabataka saMsArake bandhanameM baMdhe raheMge, jabataka dehayukta rahaneke kAraNa hameM bahirjagatkI kriyAke adhIna rahanA hogA, aura jabataka yathArtha hitAhitake bAremeM jAnakArI na honeke kAraNa hama atajagatkI asaMyata pravRttikI adhInatA chor3a nahIM sakeMge, tabataka hamAre svatantra honekI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai| jJAna jaise jaise kramazaH bar3hatA rahegA aura pUrNatA prApta karatA rahegA, vaise hI vaise hama apanA yathArtha hitAhita dekha pAveMge, sAtha hI saba Antarika vRttiyA~ saMyata ho AveMgI, aura hamArI antarjagatkI adhInatA calI jaaygii| durAkAMkSA nivRtta honese sAtha hI sAtha bahirjagatkI adhInatA bhI ghaTatI jAyagI / hA~, dehake abhAvakI pUrtike lie vaha kucha kucha avazya banI rhegii| jaba vaha dehabandhana bhI calA jAyagA, tabhI hama saMpUrNa svatantratA prApta kara skeNge| __ kartAkI svatantratAkA viSaya lekara prAyaH sabhI dezoMmeM bahuta kucha Andolana aura matabhedakI sRSTi huI hai| isa deza (bhArata) meM adRSTavAda aura puruSakAravAda donoM hI mata haiM (1) / pAzcAtya paMDitoMmeM koI koI svatantratAvAdI aura koI niyativAdI athavA nirbandhavAdI haiM (2) / asvatantratAvAdakA sthUla marma / / yaha viSaya durUha hai| isa sambandhameM Upara jo kucha kahAgayA hai, usakA saMkSepameM sthUla tAtparya yaha hai 1-kartAkI svatantratA nahIM hai, usakI icchA svAdhIna nahIM hai-arthAt icchA hI usa icchAkA kAraNa nahIM hai| vaha icchA kartAke pUrva-svabhAva, pUrva (1) daiva aura puruSakArake sambandhameM mahAbhAratake anuzAsana parvakA chaThA adhyAya dekho| (2) isa sambandhameM Sidgwick's Methods of Ethics, Bk. I, ch. V; Green's Prolegomena of Ethics, Bk. II, ch. I; aura Fowler and Wilson's Principles of Morals, Pt. II, ch. IX dekho| jJAna.-13

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194 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga zikSAkA aura pAripAzvika avasthAkA phala hai| hA~, kartAmeM socanekI aura ceSTA karanekI kSamatA avazya hai| 2--kartAko karmakA zubhAzubha phala, arthAt satkarmake lie AtmaprasAda aura puraskAra Adi, aura asatkarmake lie AtmaglAni aura daNDa Adi, bhoganA hotA hai| lekina vaha zubhAzubha phalakA bhoga kartAkI saMbarddhanA yA zAsti (sajA ) ke lie nahIM, balki usake saMzodhana aura unnatike lie hai| 3-kartAke karmaphalakA pariNAma ananta duHkha nahIM, ananta sukha hai / karmaphalabhogake dvArA, zIghra ho yA vilambameM ho, kramazaH kartAkA saMzodhana aura unnati-sAdhana hokara pariNAmameM muktilAbha hogaa| ceSTA yA prytn| Upara kahA gayA hai ki kartAke ceSTA karanekI kSamatA hai| kartAkI svatantratA nahIM hai, lekina ceSTA karanekI kSamatA hai-isake kyA mAne ? isa jagaha para kisI kisIke manameM yaha saMzaya uTha sakatA hai| ataeva usakA nirAkaraNa karaneke lie. ceSTA yA prayatnake sambandhameM do-eka bAteM kahanA Avazyaka hai / jar3avAdiyoMke matameM ceSTA kevala dehakA kArya hai / zAyada ve loga kaheMgebahirjagatke viSayoM dvArA spaMdanako prApta huI jJAnendriyakI kriyAse, athavA mastiSkake antarnihita bahirjagatke pUrvakriyAjanita kuJcanase, jaba mastiSka saMcAlita hotA hai, taba vaha saMcAlana ( harakata ) snAyujAlameM uttejanA utpanna karatA hai, aura usake dvArA karmendriyA~ karmameM pravRtta hotI haiN| usI pravartanako ceSTA yA prayatna kahate haiN| caitanyavAdI aura advaitavAdI loga yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki ceSTAmeM dehakA kucha kArya hai, kintu unake matameM ceSTA jo hai vaha mUlameM AtmAkA kArya hai, vaha AtmAkI icchAse utpanna hai, aura AtmA hI usa kAryameM dehako paricAlita karatI hai / svatantratAvAdI loga kahate haiM, vaha icchA svAdhIna hai, arthAt icchA hI icchAkA kAraNa hai / asvatantratAvAdI logoMke matameM vaha icch| AtmAkI, arthAt pUrva-svabhAva, pUrva-zikSA aura pAripAzvika avasthAkA phala hai / svatantratAvAda aura asvatantratAvAdameM itanA hI bheda hai| ataeva yaha 'sarvavAdisaMmata hai ki ceSTA kartAkA kArya hai aura kartAkI svatantratA rahe yA na rahe, usase kucha hAni nhiiN| magara kartA jo hai vaha ceSTA karanemeM kyoM pravRtta

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pahalA adhyAya ] karttAkI svtNtrtaa| huA, isakA kAraNa khojane hI se svatantratAvAda aura asvatantratAvAdakA antara dekhaneko mila jAtA hai| hama apane apUrNa jJAnase yaha nahIM jAna pAte ki AtmA kisa taraha dehako apanI ceSTAmeM paricAlita karatI hai| deha aura AtmAkA saMyoga kisa taraha kA hai, yaha jAne vinA isa praznakA uttara nahIM diyA jA sakatA / to bhI yahA~taka jAnA gayA hai ki mastiSka aura snAyujAla hI dehako kAryameM calAneke yantrasvarUpa haiN| vaha yantra vikala hone para AtmA jo hai vaha dehake dvArA kisI bhI ceSTAko saphala nahIM kara sktii| lekina hA~, dehake avaza honepara bhI AtmA mana hI mana ceSTA kara sakatI hai / isake dvArA yaha pramANita hotA hai ki ceSTA jo hai vaha mUlameM AtmAhIkA kArya hai|

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dUsarA adhyaay| kartavyatAkA lakSaNa / kartavyatAke lakSaNakI AlocanAkA prayojana / ___ isa karmakSetrameM Akara hamArA pahalA kartavya yahI ThIka karanA hai ki kyA kartavya hai aura kyA akartavya hai| kartavyAkartavyakA nizcaya bahuta jagaha para sahaja hai, bahuta jagaha para sahaja nahIM hai, aura kahIM kahIM para to bahuta hI kaThina hai / agara haraeka AdamIko haraeka bAtameM apane kAryakI kartavyatA akartavyatAkA nizcaya karanA hotA to jIvana-nirvAha athavA saMsAra-yAtrA bahuta hI jaTila aura durUha hotii| magara sabhI sabhya dezoMke paNDitoMne kartavyaakartavyake bAremeM khUba soca-vicAra kara, dharma-zAstra aura nItizAstra likhakara, sarva sAdhAraNake lie rAha bahuta sApha aura sahaja kara dI hai| una zAstroMkI bAteM smaraNa rakhanese aura una mahApuruSoMke dikhAye hue mArga para calanese prAyaH loga apane kartavyakA pAlana karane meM samartha ho sakate haiN| kintu jina jina sthaloMmeM zAstroMke bIca matabheda hai, vahA~ hameM apanI vivecanA para bharosA karanA par3atA hai| phira karmakSetra itanA vizAla aura vicitra hai, aura usake saba saMkIrNa saMkaTasthala itane durgama aura nitya-nUtana haiM ki vahA~ kevala pathapradarzakake batAne para hI nirbhara karanese pathikakA kAma nahIM calatA; pathikameM khuda apanI rAha pahacAnalenekI kSamatAkA rahanA Avazyaka hai / ataeva kevala nItiviSayaka siddhAnta jAne rahanA hI yatheSTa na hogaa| prayojanake mAphika kisI bAtake anukUla-pratikUla yukti-tarka vicArakara apane nijake siddhAnta para pahu~canake yogya honA hamArA kartavya hai| isIlie " kartavyatAkA lakSaNa kyA hai ?"

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dUsarA adhyAya ] kartavyakA lakSaNa / 197 yaha kamase kama kucha kucha sabhIko mAlUma rahanA ucita hai| isI praznakI kucha AlocanA yahA~ para hogii| sukh-vaad| kartavyatAkA lakSaNa kyA hai,isa viSayameM aneka matAmata haiN| jIva nirantara sukhakI khojameM lagA huA hai, isI kAraNa kisI-kisIke matameM " jo sukhakara hai vahI kartavya hai" yaha kartavyatAkA lakSaNa honA kucha vicitra nahIM hai| yahI mata sukhavAda kahA jAsakatA hai / isake aneka prakArake avAntara vibhAga haiN| isakA nikRSTa dRSTAnta hai, prAcIna grIsadezake epIkyUrasakA mata / usakA mUla-upadeza hai-"khAo, piyo, mauja kro|" dharmaparAyaNa prAcIna bhAratameM yaha mata avidita nahIM thaa| yahA~ke cArvAka-saMpradAyakA yahI mata thA / yathA-ve kahate haiM yAvajjIvet sukhaM jIvennAsti mRtyorgocrH| bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya punarAgamanaM kutaH // (1) arthAt jabataka jiye sukhase jiye| mRtyuse koI baca nahIM sktaa| jaba yaha deha jalakara bhasma ho jAyagI to phira yahA~ (saMsArameM) AnA kahA~ ? isa nikRSTa prakArake sukhavAdakI asAratAko loga sahajahImeM samajha sakate haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki indriyaparavaza honeke kAraNa isa matake anusAra kAma karane para bhI aneka loga lokalajAke mAre muMhase isa matake hAmI bananeke lie taiyAra nahIM haiN| hitvaad| parantu apane lie viSayasukhalAlasA nindanIya honepara bhI parAye lie viSayasukha-kAmanA prazaMsanIya hai / jo sAdhAraNako, arthAt adhikAMza logoMko, sukhakara hai, vahI kartavya hai-isa matakA anumodana aneka buddhimAn vidvAnoMne kiyA hai| yaha anya prakArakA sukhavAda hai| isako hitavAda bhI kaheM to kaha sakate haiN| koI agara eka jhUThI bAta kaha de, to usakA RNa miTa jAya aura usake sarvasvakI rakSA ho-aise sthalapara nikRSTa hitavAda (1) sarvadarzanasaMgrahake antargata cArvAka-darzana dekho|

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198 jJAna aura karma / [ dvitIya bhAga zAyada usa jhUTha bolaneko kartavya batalAvegA / kintu usameM denadArake sarvasvakI rakSA honepara bhI sAtha hI lenadArakI bhArI kSati hotI hai, aura mithyAvAdIkA maMgala dekhakara aneka loga jhUTha bolaneke lie utsAhita hoMge, jisase bhaviSyat meM aura bhI aneka logoMkI kSati ho sakatI hai, ataeva utkRSTa hitavAdI jo hai vaha aise sthalameM jhUTha bolaneko akartavya samajhegA / jahA~ para eka jhUTha bAta kahanese anekoMkA, yahA~taka ki eka saMpradAya yA samAjakA hita hotA ho, aura sAtha hI kisIkA spaSTa ahita na ho, vahA~ para hitavAda usa kAryako kartavya kahegA yA akartavya, so kucha ThIka ThIka kahA nahIM jA sakatA / kartavya kahanA goyA mithyAko prazraya denA hai, aura usase bhAvI aniSTa ho sakatA hai--isa AzaMkAse zAyada hitavAda use akartavya hI kahegA | sukhavAda aura hitavAda, donoM hI kartavya pravRttikI preraNA se utpanna haiM / pravRttivAda | 1 ataeva ina donoM matoMko ekasAtha pravRttivAda nAma diyA jA sakatA hai| nivRttivAda | pakSAntarameM, aneka loga kahate haiM, pravRtti hameM kupathagAmI karatI hai aura nivRtti sanmArga meM calAtI hai / ataeva pravRtti-prerita karma akartavya haiM, ttimUlaka karma hI kartavya haiM / nivR bhoga, vilAsitA aura kAmanAse sambandha rakhanevAle karma akartavya haiM; vairAgya, kaThoratA aura niSkAmabhAvase yukta karma hI kartavya haiM / isa matako nivRttivAda kaha sakate haiM / sAmaJjasyavAda / hitavAda jo hai vaha kartAke apane hitapara kama aura parAye hitapara adhika dRSTi rakhatA hai, aura nivRttivAda jo hai vaha pravRttiko ghaTAtA hai / kintu apane hitapara bhI yathocita dRSTi rakhanI cAhie, aura pravRtiko ekadama dabA denA yA miTA denA anucita hai / phira bahuta loga yaha soca kara ki apane hita aura parAye hita, pravRtti aura nivRti, donoMkA sAmaJjasya karake kArya karanA Avazyaka hai. kahate haiM-- svArtha aura parArtha tathA pravRtti aura nivRtti, donoMkA

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dUsarA adhyAya] kartavyatAkA lakSaNa / 199 sAmaJjasya karake kArya karanA hI kartavya hai| unake matako sAmaJjasyavAda kaha sakate haiN| () nyAyavAda / pravRttivAda, nivRttivAda aura sAmaJjasyavAda, ye tInoM Upara kahe gaye mata kartavyatAko karmakA maulikaguNa nahIM mAnate / ve kahate haiM kartavyatA jo hai vaha karmake phalase athavA karmakI pravartanAke mUlase utpanna hai / ina tIna tarahake matoMse alaga aura eka mata hai / usake anusAra bAhyavastu jaise bRhat yA zcadra, sthAvara yA jaMgama haiM, varNa jaise zukla kRSNa yA pIta ityAdi haiM, vaise hI karma bhI kartavya aura akartavya haiN| arthAt bar3Apana yA choTApana jaise vastuke maulika guNa haiM, anya guNake arthAt sthAvaratva yA jaMgamatvake phala nahIM haiM,saphedI kAlApana yA pIlApana jaise varNake maulika guNa haiM, anya guNoMse arthAt ujjvalatA yA malinatAse utpanna nahIM haiM, vaise hI kartavyatA yA akartavyatA arthAt nyAya yA anyAya, karmake maulika guNa haiM, anya guNoMke arthAt sukhakAritA yA asukhakAritAke phala nahIM haiM, athavA usI tarahake anya guNoMse utpanna nahIM haiN| aura vastukA bar3Apana yA choTApana, aura varNakI saphedI yA kAlApana, jaise pratyakSake dvArA jJeya haiM, vaise hI karmakI kartavyatA akartavyatA arthAt nyAya yA anyAya bhI vivekake dvArA jJeya haiN| isa matako nyAyavAda kaha sakate haiN| sahAnubhUtivAda / / inake sivA aura bhI aneka mata haiM, para unake vizeSa ullekhakA prayojana nahIM hai| kAraNa, kucha socakara dekhanese ve Upara kahegaye cAroM matoMmeMse kisI na kisIke antargata pratIta hoNge| unameMse kevala eka matakI kucha carcA kI jaaygii| kAraNa, IsAI dharmake eka mUla upadezake sAtha usakA ati ghaniSTha sambandha hai / vaha mata saMkSepameM yaha hai ki " bhale yA bureko maiM jaisA jAnatA hU~, dUsarA bhI vaisA hI jAnatA hai / ataeva dUsareke kAryako maiM jisa bhAvase dekhatA hU~, mere kAryako dUsarA bhI usI bhAvase dekhegaa| ataeva anyake jaise kAryakA maiM anumodana karatA hU~, merA bhI vaisA hI kArya anumodanake yogya aura kartavya hai / " isa matako sahAnubhUtivAda kaha sakate haiM (1)svargIya baMkimacaMdra caTarjIke likhe kRSNacaritrakA pahalA pariccheda dekho|

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jJAna aura karma / [ dvitIya bhAga ( 1 ) | yaha IsAkA prasiddha upadeza hai ki tuma dUsare se jaisA vyavahAra pAnekI icchA rakhate ho, vaisA hI vyavahAra dUsarese karanA tumhArA kartavya hai ' ( 2 ) / isa kathanakA sArAMza nIce likhe hue Adhe zloka meM maujUda haiAtmavat sarvabhUteSu yaH pazyati sa paNDitaH / 6 "" arthAt paNDita vahI hai, jo saba prANiyoMko apane samAna dekhatA hai / UparakA mata eka prakArase pravRttivAda hai / kAraNa, yaha mata bhI kartavya. karmakI pravRttise praNodita hai / 200 - ataeva Upara kahe gaye mata cAra bhAgoM meM bA~TeM jA sakate haiM / jaise-- pravRttivAda, nivRttivAda, sAmaJjasyavAda aura nyAyavAda / isa samaya yaha nirUpaNa karanA hai ki ina cAroM prakArake matoM meM kaunasA yuktisiddha hai / pahaleke tInoM mata kartavyatAko karmakA maulika guNa nahIM mAnate, karmake anya guNoM dvArA usakA nirNaya ho sakatA hai--aisA kahate haiM / nyAyavAda jo hai vaha kartavyatAko karmakA eka maulika guNa mAnatA hai / ataeva sabake pahale yahI vicAraNIya hai ki kartavyatA karmakA maulika guNa haiM, yA anya kisI guNakA phala hai | isa vicArake kArya meM nyAyavAda vAdI hai; sukhavAda aura hitavAda ina donoM zreNiyoM kA pravRttivAda, nivRttivAda aura sAmaJjasyavAda ye tIna prativAdI haiM; AtmA pradhAna sAkSI hai; antarjagat aura bahirjagat ke kucha kAryakalApa AnuSaMgika pramANa haiM, aura buddhi hI vicAraka hai / pahale dekhA jAya ki isa jagaha AtmAkI gavAhI kaisI hai / sAdhAraNataH kartavyatA aura akartavyatA arthAt nyAya aura anyAyakA prabheda kyA bar3epana aura choTepana yA saphedI aura kAlepanake prabhedakI taraha maulika hai, yaha prazna karate hI AtmA spaSTarUpase uttara detI hai ki ' hA~, vaisA hI maulika hai' aura yaha bAta kisI kUTa- praznake dvArA nahIM ur3A dI jA sakatI / agara pUchA jAya ki nyAya-anyAyakA prabheda agara bar3epana - choTepanake prabhedakI taraha maulika hai, to use nizcita karanA itanA kaThina kyoM ho uThatA hai, aura usake bAremeM itanA matabheda kyoM dekha par3atA hai ?, to, isakA uttara yaha hai ki nyAya-anyAyakA prabheda nizcita karanA sarvatra kaThina nahIM hai; hA~, aneka sthaloM meM avazya kaThina ( 3 ) Adam Smith's Moral sentiments dekho / (2) Matthew VII, Page 12 dekho /

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dUsarA adhyAya ] kartavyatAkA lakSaNa / 201 hai| kintu bar3epana-choTepanakA bheda nizcita karanA bhI aneka jagaha kaThina hai| jaise lagabhaga tulya parimANakI eka gola aura eka catuSkoNa vastumeM kauna bar3I hai aura kauna choTI yaha dekhate hI sahajameM nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yadi sukhavAda yA hitavAda prazna kare ki yaha bAta kyA satya nahIM hai ki sukha yA hita nyAya-karmakA aura asukha yA ahita anyAyakarmakA niravacchinna phala hai ? aura yaha bAta satya honepara sukhakAritA aura asukhakAritA, athavA hitakAritA aura ahitakAritAko kyA kartavyatA aura akartavyatAkA nAmAntaranahIM kahA jA sakatA?, to isakA uttara yaha hai ki, pahale to, sukha yA hita nyAyakarmakA aura asukha yA ahita anyAyakarmakA nizcita phala nahIM hai| aneka sthaloM meM nyAyakarmakA phala sukha aura anyAyakarmakA phala duHkha hai| kintu aneka sthaloM meM phira isake viparIta bhI dekhA jAtA hai| jhUTha bolanA anyAya hai, kintu aise dRSTAnta aneka dekhe jAte haiM ki jahA~ mithyAvAdI manuSya apaneko yA anyako sukhI kara rahA hai| dUsare, sukhakAritA yA hitakAritA nyAyakarmakA nizcita phala hone para bhI, vaha nyAya aura kartavyatAkA nAmAntara nahIM ho sakatI / eka hI vastu ke do maulika guNa rahane para yaha kahanA saMgata nahIM hai ki unameM se eka dUsarekA nAmAntara hai / jala tarala aura svaccha hai, kintu isI lie svacchatAko taralatAkA nAmAntara kauna kahegA? kartavyakarmakA phala hitakara honeke kAraNa yaha kahanA kabhI yuktisiddha nahIM hai ki kartavyatA aura hitakAritA donoM eka hI guNa haiM / eka sthUla dRSTAntake dvArA yaha viSaya kucha spaSTarUpase samajhAyA jA sakatA hai / aneka bar3I vastue~ sthitizIla aura aneka choTI vastue~ gatizIla dekhI jAtI haiM, kintu yaha dekhakara agara koI kahe ki bar3Apana aura sthitizIlatA yA choTApana aura gatizIlatA eka prakArake guNa haiM to usakI yaha bAta jaise asaMgata hai, vaise sukhakAritA aura kartavyatAko karmakA eka hI prakArakA guNa kahanA usase kama asaMgata nahIM hai| usake bAda aba yaha dekhA jAya ki jagatke kAryoMse isa viSayakA kyA AnupaMgika pramAga milatA hai| pravRttivAda, nivRnivAda aura sAmaJjasyavAda, ina tIna matoMke mAnanevAle loga kaheMge ki bar3Apana-choTApana Adi jaise vastuke maulika guNa haiM, nyAya-anyAya agara karmake vaise hI guNa hote, to bhinna bhinna samA

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202 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga jameM nyAya-anyAyake sambandhameM itanA matabheda na rahatA / ve dikhAveMge ki ati asabhya jAtiyoMmeM nyAya-anyAyake bhedakA jJAna bilkula hai hI nahIMyaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai, lekina unameM sukha-duHkhake bhedakA jJAna atyanta tIvra hai| unakI yaha bAta satya mAna lenepara bhI, kevala jagatke eka bhAgakA kArya dekhakara kisI sthira siddhAntameM nahIM pahuMcA jA sakatA / anya orake kAryoMko bhI dekhanA Avazyaka hai, aura hamArI kSINa buddhise jahA~taka sAdhya hai vahA~taka saMpUrNa jagat para dRSTi rakhakara jo siddhAnta saMgata jAna par3e vahI grAhya hai / jIvake jJAnakA vikAza kramazaH hotA hai, yaha sarvavAdisaMmata bAta hai| ucca zreNIke jIvake jo saba jJAnendriyA~ haiM, ati nimna zreNIke jIvameM ve nahIM dekha pdd'tii| kintu kisI kisI zreNIke jIvake zravaNendriya na honese yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki dhvani yA varNakA prabheda maulika nahIM hai| vaise hI ati asabhya jAtiyoM meM nyAya-anyAyakA bodha na honese yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA kinyAya-anyAyakA prabheda maulika nahIM hai| bahirjagat-viSayaka jJAnake sambandhameM, manuSyajAtike bhItara bhI, vaisI hI nyUnAdhikatA hai| kramavikAsakA niyama sabhI jagaha prabala hai| manuSyakA antarjagat-viSayaka jJAna kramazaH sphUrtilAbha kara rahA hai| asabhya jAtiyoMmeM kevala nyAya-anyAyakA bodha hI kyoM, aura bhI aneka viSayoMkA bodha, jaise gaNitake svataHsiddha tattvakA bodha bhI, atyanta aspaSTa hai| usake bAda ati asabhya jAtiyoMmeM nyAya-anyAyakA bodha bilkula hI nahIM hai, yaha bAta bhI svIkAra nahIM kI jaasktii| vaha bodha durbala yA asphuTa ho sakatA hai, kintu usakA saMpUrNa abhAva saMbhavapara nahIM jAna pdd'taa| hamArI aneka duSpravRttiyoMke bhItara bhI yaha nyAya-anyAyakA bodha pracchannarUpase nihita hai / badalA leneke lie jaba koI manuSya zatrupara AkramaNa karaneke lie udyata hotA hai, taba yadyapi AtmarakSAke lie aniSTakArIse badalA lenA usa kAryakA spaSTa uttejaka pratIta hotA hai, kintu zatrune jo aniSTa kiyA vaha anyAya kArya hai aura nyAyake anusAra usakA badalA usase milanA cAhie-yaha bhAva AkramaNa karanevAleke hRdayake bhItara asphuTarUpase rahatA hai| AtmAse pUchane para usakI uktise aura aneka jagaha badalA lenevAlekI apanI uktise yaha bAta jAnI jAtI hai| pravRttivAdI loga kaha sakate haiM ki isa bAtase to sukhavAda aura hitavAda hI pramANita

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dUsarA adhyAya ] kartavyatAkA lakSaNa / 203 hotA hai, aura jo kArya sukhakara yA hitakara hai vahI kramazaH nyAyasaMgata kahakara abhihita aura gRhIta hotA hai / yaha bAta kucha kucha yathArtha hone para bhI saMpUrNa rUpase yathArtha nahIM hai| saca hai ki manuSya nirantara sukhakI khojameM lagA huA hai, aura sukhakI khoja karate karate hI kramazaH nyAyakI ora najara par3atI hai; kyoMki isa vizvake vicitra niyamake anusAra jo nyAyasaMgata hai vahI yathArtha sukhakara hai| hama apane sukhake lie strI-putra-kanyAko pyAra karanA pahale sIkhakara aMtako parAye sukhake lie sAre vizvake premake adhikArI hote haiN| jo zreya hai vahI yathArtha preya hai, isI lie preyakI khojameM jAkara kramazaH hama zreyako pAte haiN| yaha saSTikA vicitra kauzala hai| kintu isI lie yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM ki jo sukhakara hai vahI kartavya hai aura jo preya hai vahI zreya hai| __aura eka bAta hai| pahale hI ( prathama bhAgake dUsare adhyAyameM ) kahA jAcukA hai ki manuSyakI apUrNatAke kAraNa yaha bAta nahIM hai ki hamArA jAnA huA rUpa hI jJeya padArthakA yathArtha rUpa ho| hA~, jJAnavRddhike sAtha sAtha usa yathArtha rUpakI upalabdhi hotI hai / asabhya manuSya karmake sukhakAritA-guNase alaga kartavyatAkA guNa nahIM dekha paataa| kintu sabhya manuSya apane bar3e hue jJAnake dvArA alaga spaSTarUpase usa kartavyatAkI upalabdhi karatA hai| yaha vicitra nahIM hai, aura isameM kartavyatA yA nyAyakA alaga astitva asvIkAra karanekA koI kAraNa nahIM dekha pdd'taa| yadi koI kahe, sabhya manuSya jo kartavyatAkI alaga upalabdhi karatA hai so vaha asabhya manuSyake anubhUta sukhakAritAguNakA kramavikAsamAtra hai, to usameM Apatti nahIM hai, yadi vaha svIkAra kara le ki bar3he hue jJAnameM karmake kartavyatA-guNa kI jo upalabdhi hotI hai vahI usa guNakA yathArtha svarUpa hai| kintu agara vaha kahanA cAhe ki sukhakAritAguNa hI karmakA eka prakRta guNa hai, kramavikAsake dvArA anubhUta kartavyatA- guNa prakRta guNa nahIM-kalpita guNa hai, to vaha bAta kisItaraha svIkAra nahIM kI jAsakatI / aMdhere gharameM jo vastue~ hotI haiM unakI aspaSTa chAyA bhara dekhanako milatI hai, bAdako rozanI karane para ve vastue~ spaSTa dekha par3atI haiM / yahA~ para agara yaha kahA jAya ki jo dekhA jAtA hai vaha pUrvAnubhUta chAyAkA vikAsamAtra hai to kucha doSa nahIM / kintu yaha kahanA kabhI

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204 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga saMgata na hogA ki jo rozanImeM spaSTa dekha par3atA hai vaha gRhasthita vastuoMkA kalpita rUpa hai, aura pUrvAnubhUta chAyA hI una vastuoMkA yathArtha rUpa hai| nyAyavAda hI yuktisiddha hai| ataeva vicArake dvArA hama isa siddhAnta para pahuMcate haiM ki nyAyavAda hI yuktisiddha hai, arthAt kartavyatA yA nyAyaparAyaNatA karmakA eka maulika guNa hai, vaha sukhakAritA yA hitakAritA athavA aise hI anya kisI guNakA phala nahIM hai| __ isa mUla-praznakI mImAMsAke bAda kartavyatAke sambandhameM aura do praznoMkI AlocanA bAkI rhii| ve ye haiM1-sAdhAraNataH kartavyatAke nirNayakA vidhAna kyA hai ? 2-saMkaTake avasara para kartavyatAke nirNayakA vidhAna kyA hai ? ina donoM praznoMkI AlocanA kramase kI jaaygii| kartavyatAke nirNayakA sAdhAraNa vidhAna / bahuta logoMke manameM isa tarahakI Apatti uThegI ki jaba yaha nizcaya ho gayA ki kartavyatA karmakA maulika guNa hai, taba usakA nirNaya karaneke lie kisI vidhAnakA kyA prayojana hai ? jaise AkAra-varNa Adi bahirindriyagrAhya maulika guNa pratyakSake dvArA jAne jAte haiM, vaise hI antarindriyagrAhya kartavyatAguNa antadRSTike dvArA jAnA jaaygaa| bahuta logoMkA kathana hai ki jaise rUparasa-zana-dha Adi guNoMko jAnaneke lie A~kha-jIbha-kAna-nAka Adi bAharI indriyA~ haiM, vaise hI kartavyatA-guNa jAnaneke lie antarindriya arthAt manakI viveka-nAmaka eka vizeSa zakti hai aura vahI hameM bAta detI hai ki kauna karma kartavya hai-kauna akartavya hai / pakSAntarameM, aneka loga aisA kaha sakate haiM ki kartavyatA karmakA maulika guNa hone para bhI usakA nirNaya karanA avazya hI kaThina hai| agara yaha bAta na hotI to usake sambandhameM itanA matabheda kyoM dekha par3atA hai ? asala bAta yaha hai ki anyAnya maulika guNoMkI taraha kartavyatA bhI svataH pratIyamAna hai, aura bahirjagat viSayaka maulika guNa jaise pratyakSake dvArA jAne jAte haiM, vaise hI antarjagat-viSayaka yaha maulika guNa kartavyatA bhI antardRSTike dvArA jAnI jAtI hai| jJAtAkI jisa zaktike dvArA usa guNakI upalabdhi hotI hai use buddhikI alaga eka khAsa

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dUsarA adhyAya ] kartavyatAkA lakSaNa / 205 ~~Vvvvv vvvvvvvvvv zakti anumAna karanekA prayojana nahIM hai| koI koI usa zaktiko viveka kahate haiN| magara vaha buddhihIkA eka anya nAmamAtra hai| sAdhAraNaH sabhI jagaha buddhi jo hai vaha kisI tarahakI parIkSAke binA phauran kartavyatAkA nirNaya kara sakatI hai / kintu aise aneka jaTila sthala bhI haiM jahA~ vaisA honA saMbhava nahIM; kartavyatAke nirNayake lie parIkSA aura paryAlocanAkA prayojana hai| jina jina viSayoMke dvArA vaha parIkSA kI jAtI hai ve viSaya kabhI kabhI kartavyatAkA paricaya denevAle na mAnejAkara kartavyatAke upAdAna anumita hue haiN| jo kartavya hai vaha prAyaH hitakara hI hotA hai, isI kAraNa kisI karmavizeSake sambandhameM sandeha hone para buddhi kalpanAke dvArA parIkSA karake dekhatI hai-vaha karma hitakara hai ki nhiiN| aura isase koI koI anumAna karate haiM ki kartavyatA jo hai vaha hitakAritAke upAdAnase gaThita hai aura hitakAritAkA nAmAntaramAtra hai| agara kisI karmakI kartavyatAkA nirNaya karaneke lie yaha ThIka karanA kaThina ho ki vaha hitakara hai yA nahIM, to buddhi aura tarahakI parIkSAkA prayoga karatI hai| jaise-jo kartavya hai usameM aksara svArtha aura parArthakA sAmaJjasya rahatA hai, ataeva buddhi kalpanAke dvArA dekhatI hai ki upasthita karmameM vaha sAmaJjasya hai yA nhiiN| isIse koI koI anumAna karate haiM ki kartavyatA jo hai vaha svArtha aura parArthake sAmaMjasyake sivA aura kucha nahI hai| isI taraha hitavAda sAmaMjasyavAda Adi bhinna bhinna matoMkI utpatti huI hai| manujIne kahA hai vedaH smRtiH sadAcAraH svasya ca priymaatmnH| etaccaturvidhaM prAhuH sAkSAddharmasya lakSaNam // (manu 2 / 12) arthAt veda (zruti ), smRti, sadAcAra aura AtmAkA santoSa, ye hI cAra dharmake lakSaNa kahe gaye haiN| veda smRti aura sAdhupuruSoMke sadAcArake sAtha sAtha AtmatuSTiko bhI dharmakA lakSaNa batAnese isakA AbhAsa pAyA jAtA hai ki manuke matameM bhI viveka jo hai vaha dharma arthAt kartavyatAke nirUpaNakA upAya hai|

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jJAna aura karma / [ dvitIya bhAga 66 " ,, mahAbhAratake vanaparvameM yakSake kaH panthAH ( mArga kyA hai ? ) isa praznake uttara meM yudhiSThirane zAstroM aura muniyoMke matabhedakA ullekha karake kahA thA - " mahAjano yena gataH sa panthAH ( jisa rAhale mahat jana gaye haiM vahI mArga hai ) / isa sthala para mahAjana zabdakA artha janasAdhAraNa yA janasamUha hai| janasAdhAraNa jisa mArgameM calate haiM vaha ekakI buddhike dvArA nahIM ( kyoMki vaha bhrAnta ho sakatA hai ) dasa AdamiyoMkI buddhike dvArA nirUpita hotA hai / ataeva usakA ThIka mArga honA hI sarvathA saMbhava hai / isameM bhI eka prakArase kahA gayA hai ki hamArI buddhi hI kartavyatAkA aMtima pathapradarzaka hai / 206 kartavyatA-nirUpaNake durgama honekI jo bAta kahI gaI, usa tarahakI durgamatA anyAnya apekSAkRta sahaja maulika guNoMke nirUpaNameM bhI hotI hai / jaise - AyatanakI nyUnAdhikatA pratyakSakA viSaya aura sahaja jAna par3atI hai, kintu lagabhaga samAna AyatanakI do vastuoMmeM eka gola aura eka catuSkoNa honepara dekhate hI yaha nahIM batAyA jA sakatA ki kauna choTI hai aura kauna bar3I hai / jAna par3atA hai, donoMko ekatra rakhakara bhI unake AyatanakI nyUnAdhikatAkA nizcaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / ekako khaNDa khaNDa karake dUsarIke sAtha 'milAyA jAya, tabhI vaha nyUnAdhikatA ThIka jAnI jA sakatI hai / Upara jina saba bAtoMkA ullekha huA unase yaha dekha par3atA hai ki yadyapi pravRttivAda, nivRttivAda aura sAmaJjasyavAdase kartavyatAkA nirNaya nahIM hotA, tathApi unase kartavyatAkA paricaya milatA hai, aura ve kartavyatAkA nirNaya karanevAle nyAyavAda kI sahAyatA kara sakate haiM / sukhakI abhilASA aura hitakI abhilApA - ina supravRttiyoMkA anusaraNa, nivRtti mArgakA anusaraNa, svArtha- parArtha aura pravRtti - nivRttikA sAmaJjasya karanA aura nyAyamArgakA anugamana, ye sabhI karmake sadguNa haiM / to bhI kartAkI apUrNatA ke kAraNa ye kramazaH uccase uccatara jAna par3ate haiN| nyAyamArgakA anusaraNa sabase ucca zreNIkA aura sukhako khojanA sabase nimna zreNIkA hai / dehayukta honeke kAraNa hamAre kucha eka abhAvoMko pUrNa karanekA atyanta prayojana hai, isa lie, aura usa apUrNatAke mAre hama yaha nahIM samajhate ki hamArA yathArtha sukha kyA hai, isa lie bhI, aneka samaya sukhakI khoja hamako

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* dUsarA adhyAya] kartavyatAkA lakSaNa / 207 kumArgameM le jAtI hai| hama vartamAnake kSaNika sukhakI lAlasAmeM pha~sakara bhaviSyake cirasthAyI sukhakI bAta bhUla jAte haiM, aura aise kArya kara baiThate haiM jinase kamase kama kucha kAlake lie usa cirasthAyI sukhakI AzA naSTa ho jAtI hai| isI kAraNa asaMyata sukhakI khoja itanI nindanIya hai| vaha na ho to yathArtha sukhakI abhilASAmeM doSa nahIM hai| sukhalAbhakI pravRti hamArA svabhAvasiddha dharma hai / usakA uddezya hameM unnatikI rAhameM le jAnA hai / vahI pravRtti saba jIvoMko yathArtha yA kalpita sukhakI lAlasAmeM DAlakara karmameM niyukta karatI hai| usI karmake phalase koI jIva unnatikI rAhameM aura koI jIva avanatike mArgameM jAtA hai / jo jIva kumArgameM jA par3ate haiM, ve phira zIghra ho yA vilambameM ho, usa rAhameM saccA sukha na pakara, sukhakI khojameM, udharase lauTa Ate haiN| kevala sukhalAbhakI pravRtti ke bAremeM nahIM, haraeka pravRttike sambandhameM yahI bAta kahI jA sakatI hai| jina hiMsA-dveSa Adi saba pravRttiyoMko nikRSTa kahA jAtA hai unakA bhI mula-uddezya ekadama barA nahIM hai| kAraNa, unakA saMyatakArya svArtharakSA hai, parArthakI hAni nhiiN| magara hA~, vizvakA vicitra niyama yahI hai ki pravRttimAtra hI sahajameM asaMyata ho uThatI haiM, aura ucita sImAko nA~ghakara kArya karane lagatI hai| isI lie pravRttidamanakA itanA prayojana hai| isI lie pravRtti itanA avizvasta pathapradarzaka hai| isI lie kartAkI sukhakAritA karmakI kartavyatAkA itanA anizcita pravRttikA ekamAtra niyantA buddhi hai, aura buddhikA ekamAtra bala jJAna hai| jJAnakI sahAyatAse buddhi sahajameM hI dekha pAtI hai ki kartAkI sukhakAritA karmakI kartavyatAkA nizcita lakSaNa nahIM hai / kintu anyako sukhI karanekI yA janasAdhAraNakA hita karanekI paryAlocanAmeM pravRttikI utanI prabalatA rahanA saMbhava nahIM hai| parantu janasAdhAraNake hitameM kartAkA bhI hita hai| kAraNa, kartA bhI janasAdhAraNameMkA hI eka AdamI hai| ataeva usa paryAlocanAmeM bhI pravRti ekadama cupa nahIM hai, usake sAtha pravRttikA bahuta kucha saMsarga hai| adhikatA yaha hai ki hamAre jJAnakI apUrNatAke kAraNa vaha paryAlocanA eka ati kaThina kArya hai| yaha ThIka karanA aneka sthalomeM atikaThina hai ki kauna karma kahA~taka hitakArI yA apakArI hai, aura usakA pariNAma-phala kyA

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208 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga hai (1) ? isI lie yadyapi hitakAritA jo hai vaha kartavyatAkA paricaya denevAlI hai aura sukhakAritAkI apekSA adhika nirbharake yogya kartavyatAkA lakSaNa hai, tathApi saMpUrNarUpase nirbharake yogya nahIM hai| _ pravRttike doSa-guNakI bAta Upara kaha dIgaI / pravRttikA guNa yaha hai ki vaha mulameM acche uddezyake sAtha hameM hitakara kArya meM pravalabhAvase prerita karatI hai / usameM doSa yaha hai vaha sahaja hI nyAyakI sImAko nA~gha jAtI hai, aura mUlauddezya acchA hone para bhI antameM hameM kumArgameM le jAtI hai| karmakA sthAna karmIke sAmane hai, karmakA kAla vartamAna hai| ataeva karmakuzala logoMke lie adradarzitA eka prakArase aparihArya hai, aura kucha kucha kSamAke yogya hai| isa tarahake adUradarzI kamakuzala loga pravRtti mArgake pakSapAtI haiM, aura ve pravRttimArgake anusaraNako eka prakArase kartavyatAkA lakSaNa samajhate haiN| kintu sudUradarzI manISI nItizikSaka logoMne pravRttimukha karmakI apekSA nivRttamukha karmakI hI adhika prazaMsA kI hai, aura nivRtti mArga grahaNa karanekA hI upadeza diyA hai| unake matameM nivRttimArgakA anusaraNa hI kartavyatAkA auroMkI apekSA nirbharayogya lakSaNa hai / isa matake anukUla pakSameM sAmAnya jJAnake dvArA yaha bAta kahI jA sakatI hai ki pravRtti sahaja hI itanI prabala hai ki pravRttike anusAra kAma karaneke lie kisIse bhI kahanakI jarUrata nahIM hotii| pravRttiko saMyata karane aura nivRttimArgameM le jAneke lie hI zikSA aura upadeza Avazyaka hai| magara isameM bAdhA hai / yaha saca hai ki karmasthala kaThina honepara nivRttimArgagAmI kabhI akarma nahIM karegA, kintu yaha AzaMkA saMgata hai ki vaha aneka samaya satkarma bhI nahIM kara sktaa| Upara kahA gayA hai ki pravRttikA ekamAtra niyantA buddhi hI hai, aura buddhikA ekamAtra sahAyaka jJAna hI hai| aura yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki pravRtti-nivRtti aura svArtha-parArthakA sAmaMjasya ekamAtra buddhi hI kara sakatI hai, aura isa kArya meM bhI jJAna hI akelA buddhikA sahAyaka hai| yaha bAta ThIka nahIM ki pravRttimeM doSoMke sivA guNa kucha bhI nahIM hai, yA nivRtti ekadama doSa (1 ) Victor Hugo's Les Miserables upanyAsake jisa aMzameM nAyaka Jean Valjeans' apane viruddha sAkSI dU~ , yA na hU~ isa sambandhameM tarka vitarka apane manameM karatA hai, vaha aMza dekhanA caahie|

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sAtavA~ adhyAya ] kartavyatAkA lakSaNa / 209 zUnya hai, aura isakA AbhAsa Upara diyA jA cukA hai| pravRtti aura nivRttike sambandhameM jo kahA gayA hai, ThIka vahI bAta svArtha aura parArthake sambandhameM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| hamArA yathArtha svArtha, jisameM hamArA maMgala ho, use khojanA doSakI bAta nahIM hai| kintu apanI apUrNatAke kAraNa use na samajha kara hama kalpita svArthake lie vyagra hote haiM, aura anyake hitAhitakI ora bilkula nahIM dekhate / isI kAraNa svArthaparatA itane aniSToMkI jar3a aura itanI nindanIya hai| AtmarakSAke lie svArthakI ora kucha dRSTi rakhanA Avazyaka hai / aura, kevala yahI nahIM, svArthakI ora dRSTi rakhanese parAyA artha arthAt janasAdhAraNakA hita bhI avazya hI sAdhita hogaa| kAraNa, hamArA yathArtha svArtha parArthavirodhI nahIM, balki parArtha ke sAtha saMpUrNa rUpase milA huA hai| svArtha kucha siddha kiye binA hama parAyA artha siddha nahIM kara sakate / maiM agara khuda asukhI aura asantuSTa rahU~gA to mere dvArA dUsarekA sukhI aura santuSTa honA kabhI saMbhava nahIM (1) / magara ekabAra svArthakI ora dekhanA AraMbha karanese svArthaparatA itanI bar3ha uThatI hai ki phira sahajameM vaha dabAI nahIM jA sakatI / isI kAraNa nItizikSakoMne svArtha-paratAko dabAye rakhanekA itanA upadeza diyA hai| ina saba bAtoMpara vicAra karanese spaSTa samajha par3atA hai ki pravRtti-nivRtti aura svArtha-parArthakA sAmaMjasya karake calanekI atyanta AvazyakatA hai, aura jina karmoM meM pravRtti-nivRtti aura svArtha-parArtha-kA sAmajasya hai, unakA nyAyasaMgata honA hI saMpUrNa saMbhava hai / kintu pravRtti aura svArthaparatA savadA itanI prabala haiM, aura pUrvokta sAmaMjasya karanA itanA kaMThina hai ki kartavyatAkA nirNaya karane meM kevala usIpara nirbhara karanese kAma nahIM cltaa| yaha saba socakara dekhanese jAnA jAtA hai ki yadyapi sukhakAritA hitakAritA Adi karmake anyAnya sadguNa kartavyatAke paricAyaka haiM, aura kisI khAsa kAmakI kartavyatA jA~canemeM unapara dRSTi rakhanese subhItA ho sakatA hai, kintu ve saba guNa kartavyatAke lakSaNa nahIM haiM, aura phalAphalakI cintA na karake sabake pahale hI karnakI nyAyAnugAmitA para lakSya rakhanA Avazyaka hai| (1) Herbert spencer's Data of Ethics, Chapters Anil and XIV isa sambandha meM dekhA / jJAna.-14

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210 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga nyAyAnugAmitA hI kartavyatAkA nitya aura nizcita lakSaNa hai / aura buddhi yA viveka prAyaH sahaja hI kaha de sakate haiM ki yaha karma nyAyAnugata hai ki nhiiN| kevala saMzaya-sthalameM, upasthita karmameM Upara kahA gayA anya koI sadguNa hai ki nahIM, yaha vivecanIya hai| agara hama dehasaMyogake kAraNa kucha avazyapUraNIya abhAvoMkI pUrti karaneke lie vAdhya na hote, aura agara hamameM pUrNa jJAna rahatA, to hama apane yathArtha sukha, yathArtha hita aura yathArtha svArthako jAna sakate aura unakA anusaraNa bhI kara sakate / taba svArtha aura parArthameM, pravRtti aura nivRttimeM, koI virodha nahIM rhtaa| usa avasthAmeM, jo apane lie sukhakara hotA vahI parAye lie hitakara hotA, jo svArthapara hotA vahI parArthapara hotA, jo pravRtti-prerita hotA vahI nivRttise anumodita hotA / kisIke sAtha kisIkA sAmaJjasya karanekA prayojana hI na raha jAtA / sabhI kArya nyAyAnugata hote / sukhavAdahitavAda Adi pravRttivAda, nivRttivAda aura sAmaJjasyavAda, ye tInoM mata nyAyavAdake sAtha ekatra milita hote / sudUrakAlameM hamArI pUrNAvasthAmeM, ina cAroM mata-vAdoMke milanekI saMbhAvanA honese hI, isa apUrNAvasthAmeM hama usI milanakA aspaSTa AbhAsa pAkara kabhI ekako aura kabhI dUsareko yathArtha mata kahakara mAnate haiN| phira vaha milana atidUrastha honese hI prathamokta tInoM matoMke Upara bharosA karanemeM mana hI mana zaMkita hote haiM-khaTakA khAte haiN| pakSAntarameM, kartavyatA arthAt nyAyAnugAmitA karmakA maulika lakSaNa hone para bhI-aura vaha vivekake dvArA nirUpita hone para bhI, hama isa apUrNaavasthAmeM svArtha aura pravRttike dvArA itanA vimohita hote haiM ki hamArA viveka aneka sthaloMmeM usa maulika nitya-guNako dekha nahIM pAtA, aura sukhakAritA hitakAritA Adi anitya guNoMke dvArA karmakI kartavyatA ThIka karaneko vAdhya hotA hai / isa jagaha eka bAta kahanA. Avazyaka hai| yadyapi nyAyavAdahI kartavyatA-nirNaya ke sambandhameM prazasta mata hai, aura usake anusAra calanA hI zreya hai, tathApi hamArI isa apUrNa avasthAmeM aneka loga aise haiM jo usa matake anusaraNa ke adhikArI nahIM hai / jo viSaya-vAsanAmeM nirantara vyAkula haiM, aura bahirjagatke sthUla padAthA~kI AlocanAko hI buddhikA zreSTha kArya aura jJAnakI antima sImA samajhate haiM, unakI vAsanA-vivarjita A.

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wwwwwwwa dUsarA adhyAya ] kartavyatAkA lakSaNa / dhyAtmika cintAmeM magna honekI ora, aura antarjagatke sUkSmatattva ( arthAt phalAphalasaMsravarahita nIrasa kartavyatA) ke anuzIlanameM laganekI ora, pravRtti hI nahIM hotii| pravRtti hone para bhI pUrvAbhyAsa aura pUrvazikSAke kAraNa usa cintAkI aura usa tattvake anuzIlanakI kSamatA hI unameM nahIM hotii| ataeva jaise sthUladarzI logoMke lie nirAkAra brahmakI upAsanAkI apekSA sAkAra devatAkI upAsanA vidheya hai, vaise hI pUrvokta prakArake logoMke lie nyAyavAdakI apekSA kramazaH sukhavAda, hitavAda, aura sAmaJjasyavAda hI avalaMbanIya haiN| saMkaTasthalameM kartavyatAkA nirNaya / Upara sAdhAraNa sthalameM kartavyatA-nirNayake viSayakI bAta kahI gaI hai| aba saMkaTasthalameM kartavyatAke nirNayase sambadha rakhanevAlI kucha bAteM kahI jaayeNgii| karmakSetra bahuvistRta aura saMkaTa-pUrNa hai, aura usake saMkaTa-sthala bhI atyanta durgama haiN| saba saMkaTasthaloMkI AlocanA karanekI, athavA kisI saMkaTasthalase nirvina nikala jAneke upAyakA AviSkAra karanekI meM AzA nahIM rakhatA / kevala nimnalikhita nirantara uThanevAle cAra praznoMkI kucha AlocanA yahA~ para kI jAyagI / ve cAroM prazna ye haiM -AtmarakSAke lie aniSTakArIkA aniSTa karanA kahA~ taka nyAyasaMgata hai? 2-parAye hitake lie aniSTakArIkA aniSTa karanA kahA~ taka nyAyasaMgata hai ? 3-AtmarakSAke lie aniSTakArIke sAtha asatya-AcAraNa kahA~ taka nyAyasaMgata hai? 4-parAye hitake lie aniSTakArIke sAtha asatya-AcaraNa kahA~ taka nyAyasaMgata hai? 1--AtmarakSAke lie aniSTakArIkA aniSTa karanA kahA~ taka nyAyasaMgata hai, isa praznakA uttara saba loga ThIka eka hI DhaMgase nahIM deMge / asabhya AzekSita jAtiyoMse yaha uttara milegA ki jahA~taka ho sake, aniSTakArIkA aniSTa karanA ucita hai kintu sabhya zikSita manuSya aisI bAta nahIM kheNge| yahA~ para mahAbhAratakA yaha vAkya ki

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212 [ dvitIya bhAga jJAna aura karma / avacitaM kAryamatitthyaM gRhamAgate / chettumapyAgate chAyAM nopasaMharate drumaH // ( mahAbhArata, zAntiparva 5528 ) [ arthAt zatru bhI ghara meM agara Ave to usakA Adara satkAra karanA ucita hai | dekho, jo kulhAr3I lekara kATane AtA hai, usa parase bhI vRkSa apanI chAyAko haTA nahIM letA / ] aura zaila- zikhara parase IsAkA yaha upadeza ki ' aniSTakA pratirodha na 3 karanA ( 1 ) smaraNa karanA cAhie / jAna se mAra DAlane ke lie udyata AtatAyIko AtmarakSAke lie mAra DAlanA prAyaH sabhI dazoMkI saba samayakI daNDavidhi dvArA anumodita hai / manu bhagavAnane bhI kahA hai nAtitAyivadhe doSo hanturbhavati kazcana / ( manu | 8|351 ) [ arthAt AtatAyIko mAra DAlanemeM mAranevAleko kucha bhI doSa nahIM hotA / ] bhAratakI vartamAna daNDavidhi bhI yahI bAta kahatI hai / lekina yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki daNDavidhikA mUla uddeza samAjakI rakSA karanA hai, nItizikSA denA nahIM hai / ataeva daNDavidhikI bAta saba jagaha sunItike dvArA nahIM bhI anumodita ho sakatI hai / prANanAza yA usake tulya aura koI gurutara aura apUraNIya kSatike nikaTa honekI jahA~ AzaMkA ho usa jagaha usa kSatiko rokaneke lie aniSTakArIkA jitanA aniSTa karanA Avazyaka ho utanA aniSTa karanA zAyada nyAyAnu ta hI kahA jAyagA / jahA~ kSatiko rokanekA dUsarA upAya hai vahIM, aura jahA~ thor3I kSatikI AzaMkA ho vahA~, aniSTakArIkA aniSTa na karake dUsare upAyako kAmameM lAnA hI nyAyasaMgata hai / yadi bhAga jAnese aniSTa nivAraNa ho, to bhIrutAke apavAdakA bhaya karake usa upAyako kAmameM na lAnA, ( 1 ) ' Resist not evil' isa vAkyakA anuvAda :- Matthew, V, P. 39 dekho /

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dUsarA adhyAya ] kartavyatAkA lakSaNa / 213 aura aniSTakArIko coTa pahuMcAnA sunItisaMgata nahIM hai| bahuta loga kahate haiM, aniSTa yA apamAna karanevAle manuSyakA zAsana apane hAthase na kara sakanese usakA samucita pratizodha yA manuSyocita kArya nahIM hotA, aura jo vaisA nahIM kara sakatA vaha kAyara hai, use AtmagauravakA bodha nahIM hai| agara koI apane aniSTake bhayase aniSTakArIko daNDa na de, to usake lie yaha bAta kahI jA sakatI hai| kintu tathApi yaha kathana saMpUrNa rUpase nyAyasaMgata nahIM hai / apane aniSTakA nivAraNa kartavya hai, kintu Upara kahe gaye saMkaTakI jagahako chor3a kara anya kisI jagaha parAyA aniSTa karanA sunItisaMgata nahIM hai| aniSTa yA apamAna karanevAleke Upara krodha honA manuSyake lie svabhAvasiddha hai, aura usI krodhake vegameM aniSTakArI para AkramaNa karanese zArIrika balakA paricaya mila sakatA hai, lekina mAnasika balakA vizeSa paricaya nahIM miltaa| balki usa krodhako dabA denA hI vizeSa mAnasika balakA paricaya detA hai| jo vyakti anyAya rUpase anyakA aniSTa yA apamAna karatA hai vaha manuSya nAmadhArI hone para bhI pazuprakRti hai, aura bAgha-bhAlU-pAgala siyArakutte Adiko loga jaise barA jAte haiM vaise hI vaha bhI tyAjya hai| ataeva use daNDa na dekara agara koI calA jAya to usameM usa manuSya nAmadhArI pazu prakRti manuSyake lie Atmagaurava yA spardhAkI koI bAta nahIM hai| magara hA~, aisA karanA use kucha prazraya denA ( arthAt usakI himmata bar3hAnA) hai, yaha bAta avazya svIkAra karanI pdd'egii| kintu sAtha hI yaha bhI svIkAra karanA par3egA ki janasAdhAraNakI vivecanAkI truTi hI usa prazrayakA kAraNa hai / balake aura sAhasake kArya meM svArthatyAgakA kucha saMsarga rahatA hai, aura usake dvArA bahudhA logoMkA hitasAdhana hotA hai| isI kAraNa usa tarahake kArya vIrocita kahakara kAvyameM varNana kiye jAte haiM, aura jana sAdhAraNa bhI unheM vIrocita jAnakara unakA Adara karate haiM / jo manuSya vaise kArya karanese vimukha hotA hai usakI nindA kI jAtI hai aura anAdara hotA hai / ataeva agara koI kSamA karake apakAra karanevAleko daNDa na de, to kevala do-hI cAra AdamI usakI prazaMsA kara sakate haiM, adhikAMza loga usako anAdarakI hI dRSTi se dekheMge, aura usakA vaha anAdara apakAra karanevAleke lie prazrayakA kAraNa hogaa|

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214 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAma wwwmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm kSamAzIlatA kAyarapana nahIM hai| jaba taka janasAdhAraNakI yaha dhAraNA athavA saMskAra parivartita na hogA, . taba taka kSamAzIlakI yahI dazA hogii| kintu jo AdamI apakAra karanevAleke amArjanIya atyAcArako kSamA kara sakatA hai, vaha sarvasAdhAraNake mArjanIya anAdarako anAyAsa hI saha sakatA hai| agara koI kahe ki usakI vaha kSamA anyAya hai, aura apakAra karanevAleko daNDa denA hI kartavya hai, to usakA akhaNDanIya uttara bhI hai / apakAra karanevAleko daNDa denA Azu-pratikArakA upAyamAtra hai, aura vaha jisakA apakAra huA hai usakA preya hai| usake dvArA apakAra karanevAle aura apakAra karanekI pravRttike paravaza loga Dara sakate haiM, aura kucha samaya taka apakarmase nivRtta raha sakate haiM / kintu usake dvArA unakA saMzodhana yA unakI ukta kupravRttikA damana nahIM ho sakatA, unake dvArA honevAle aniSTakI saMbhAvanAkA mUloccheda nahIM ho sakatA aura unake daNDase apakRta vyakti aura janasAdhAraNake manameM pratihiMsA Adi kupravRttiyA~ prazraya pA sakatI haiN| pakSAntarameM, kSamAzIla puruSakA kArya usake lie nizcita rUpase hitakara hai, aura sarvasAdhAraNa tathA apakAra karanevAle ke lie bhI usakI hitakAritA thor3I nahIM hai| kSamAzIlatAkA ujjvala dRSTAnta hI kAnyake anyAya prazaMsAvAdako, sarvasAdhAraNake kusaMskArako aura apakAra karanevAleke.kaThina hRdayako parivartita karanekA ekamAtra nizcita upAya hai| usa parivartanakI gati dhImI, kintu dhruva hai / aura Upara jo kAvyakI ukti aura sarvasAdhAraNake saMskArakI bAta kahI gaI hai vaha manuSyajAtike bAlyakAlake eka prakArake sat udyamakA vyApAra hai, manuSyakA cirantana dharma nahIM hai / eka samaya sAhityakI aura sarvasAdhAraNakI ukti yaha thI ki apamAna karanevAleke raktake sivA aura kisI taraha bhI apamAnakA kalaMka dhoyA rahIM jA sktaa| kintu isa samaya aisI bAta koI nahIM khegaa| balki mazaH loga yahI kaheMge ki isa bAtakA itanA gaurava manuSyajAtike lie ka prakArakA kalaMka hai| Upara jo kahA gayA vaha kevala nirIha nirutsAha durbala bhAratIyoMkI hI bAta hIM hai| yaha bAta udyamazIla balavikramazAlI pAzcAtya pradezameM bhI yaha mata ninIya hotAjA rahA hai ki rAjazAsanase daNDita (aparAdhI) ko bhI use

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dUsarA adhyAya ] kartavyatAkA lakSaNa / 215 zAsti deneke khayAlase daNDa na denA cAhie, daNDa vaha honA cAhie jo daNDi* take saMzodhanake lie upayukta ho| eka pAzcAtya paNDitakI kalpanAmeM hameM isakA bhI eka ati ujjvala dRSTAnta dekha par3atA hai ki kSamAzIlatAke phalase mahApApAcArIkA bhI saMzodhana ho sakatA hai| suprasiddha vikTara- goke likhe hue le-mijareblasa ( Les Miserables) nAmaka prasiddha upanyAsakA nAyaka jInabAljensa ( Jean Taljeans ) vahI dRSTAnta hai| ataeva aniSTakArIkA aniSTa karanA, kevala Upara kahe hue saMkaTakI jagaha-jahA~ atigurutara apuraNIya kSatike nivAraNake lie dUsarA upAya nahIM hai vahA~, nyAyasaMgata kahA jA sakatA hai| 2-para-hitake lie aniSTakArIkA aniSTa karanA kahA~taka nyAyasaMgata hai, isa praznakA uttara pahale praznakI AlocanAke bAda apekSAkRta sahaja sA jAna pdd'egaa| AtmarakSAke lie aniSTakArIkA aniSTa karanA jahA~ taka nyAyasaMgata hai, parahitake lie aniSTakArIkA aniSTa karanA kamase kama vahA~taka to avazya hI nyAyasaMgata hogaa| AtmarakSAke lie aniSTakArIkA aniSTa karanA jahA~taka nyAyasaMgata hai, so Upara kaha diyA gayA hai / bAkI rahI yaha bAta ki AtmarakSAke lie jahA~taka jAyA jAtA hai, parahitake lie usakI apekSA kucha adhika Age bar3hA jA sakatA hai ki nahIM, aura, isa bAtake bAremeM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jisa jagaha anyakI kSatikI AzaMkA hogI usa jagaha merA nizceSTa rahanA ucita na hogaa| isa viSayameM vaktavya yaha hai ki jisa kSatikI AzaMkA ho vaha agara apUraNIya ho, aura usake rokanekA aura upAya bhI na ho, to usake nivAraNArtha, jaise AtmarakSAke lie vaise hI parahitake lie bhI, aniSTakArIkA aniSTa karanA nyAyAnumodita hai| kintu usake nivAraNakA dUsarA upAya agara ho, to usI para amala karanA cAhie / aura, agara vaha kSati pUraNIya ho to rAjAke dvArA sthApita vicArAlaya ( adAlata ) meM kSatipUrtikI prArthanA karanA hI ucita hai| rAjyake arthAt prajAsamaSTi yA kisI khAsa prajAke hitake lie rAjA yA rAjapuruSake dvArA aniSTakArIkA aniSTa honA kahA~taka nyAyasaMgata hai ?--yaha prazna bhI yahA~para uThatA hai / yaha rAjanItika AlocanAkA viSaya hai| yahA~para isa sambandhameM itanA kahanA hI yatheSTa hogA

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jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga ki aniSTakArIkA aniSTa karanekA adhikAra prajAkI apekSA rAjAke hAthameM adhika rahanA avazya hI svIkAra karanA hogA / kAraNa, rAjAko vaha adhikAra . honeke kAraNa hI bahuta jagaha prajAvarga khuda aniSTakArIkA aniSTa nahIM krte| ve aniSTakA badalA cukAne, yA kSati-pUrti pAnekI AzAse Azvasta hokara rAjAke Age yA rAjAke dvArA sthApita vicArAlayameM jAkara prArthanA karate haiM / kintu rAjAke adhikArakI bhI sImA hai| atIta aniSTakI kSatipUrti aura bhAvI aniSTakI nivRttike lie aniSTakArIkA jitanA aniSTa karanA Avazyaka hai, usase adhika aniSTa karanekA, nyAyase, rAjAko adhikAra nahIM hai / arthAt daNDanIya vyaktiko jo daNDa diyA jAya vaha yathAsaMbhava usake saMzodhanake lie upayogI ho; kevala nigraha karanekI dRSTise daNDa na diyA jAya / 3-AtmarakSAke lie aniSTakArIse asatya bolanA kahA~taka nyAyasaMgata hai ?-yaha eka kaThina prazna hai--jaTila samasyA hai| eka dRSTAntake dvArA yaha spaSTa ho jaaygaa| agara koI AdamI Thaga-DAkUke hAthameM par3a jAya, aura prANa-rakSAke lie use dhana dekara, yA dhana denekA vAdA karake, aura use pakar3avAne ke lie ceSTA na karanekI pratijJA karake, chuTakArA pAve, to usa aMgIkAra tathA pratijJAkA pAlana kahA~taka karanA cAhie ? agara Thaga-DAkUko diyA huA dhana phira pheraneke lie athavA jo dhana denekA vAdA kiyA hai use TAlaneke lie, vaha vyakti pratijJAbhaMga karanA cAhe, to usakA vaha kArya nyAyAnumodita nahIM kahA jA sakatA / kisI kisI prasiddha pAzcAtya nItizAstrajJa (1) ke matameM aisI jagaha pratijJAbhaMga karane meM doSa nahIM hai / kAraNa, satya bolanA aura pratijJA-pAlana karanA kartavya hone para bhI, jaba usa kartavyatAkA mUla yaha hai ki hamArI bAta para nirbhara karake aura loga kAma karate haiM aura vaha nirbharayogya na hone para samAja nahIM cala sakatA, taba jo vyakti samAjakI zAntike viruddha hastakSepa karatA hai aura samAja jise zatru kaha kara varjana karatA hai, vaha vyakti usa kartavyatAkA phala nahIM bhoga sakatA, balki use usa phalase vaJcita karanA hI ucita hai / isa matake Upara azraddhA na dikhAkara bhI samIcIna kaha kara ise svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA (1) Martineau's Types of Ethical Theory, Pt. II, Bk. I, ch. VI, 12, aura Sidgewick's Methods of Ethics Bk.III, ch. VII dekho|

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dUsarA adhyAya ] kartavyatAkA lakSaNa | 217 sakatA / satya bolanA mAno AtmAko suvyakta karanA hai / apUrNatA ke kAraNa hama sarvadA satya nahIM bola sakate, kamase kama apanI vaha asamarthatA svIkAra karanA ucita hai, use DhakanekI ceSTA karanA vidhiviruddha hai / aura, jaise sUrya kI kiraNeM yaha vicAra na karake ki kauna pavitra hai aura kauna apavitra hai, sabhIko prakAzita karatI haiM, apavitrako pavitra karatI haiM, vaise hI satyakI jyoti bhI, kyA samAjake antargata aura kyA bahiSkRta, kyA sadAcArI aura kyA durAcArI, sabhI ke lie sevana-yogya hai, aura durAcArI tathA tamoguNase jinakI buddhi Acchanna ho rahI hai ve loga usa satyakI vimala jyotise kabhI kabhI prakAzita bhI ho sakate haiM-divyadRSTi bhI pAsakate haiM / to bhI yaha avazya svIkAra karanA hogA ki aise aneka avasara ho sakate haiN| jinameM uktarUpa pratijJApAlana nindita ho par3atA hai / jaise--usa pratijJA pAlanake dvArA pratijJAkArIkA agara sarvasva hI calA jAtA ho, usake AzritajanoMke bharaNa-poSaNakA bhI sahArA na rahatA ho| aisI jagaha para, jAna par3atA hai, durbala manuSyako pratijJA bhaMga karanA hI par3egA / kintu use acchA kAma huA na samajhakara kAtara bhAvase saMtapta cittase yaha jAnanA ucita hai ki yaha maiM apanI apUrNatAkA phala bhoga rahA huuN| agara mujhameM pUrNatA hotI, to asAvadhAnatAvaza jisa vipatti meM par3a kara pratijJA kI thI, sAva'dhAnatAse usa vipattiko bacA jAtA, athavA vipatti meM par3akara bhI zatruko aniSTa karanemeM asamartha banAkara chuTakArA pA sakatA / isa sambandha meM aura eka bAta hai / Thaga DAkUko na pakar3A hU~gA, isa pratijJAkA pAlana karanese samAjake prati kartavyakA laMghana kiyA gayA yA nahIM ? yaha eka kartavyatAkA virodha-sthala hai aura jAna par3atA hai, aisI jagaha samA ke prati kartavya hI prabala ginA jAyagA / to bhI isa jagaha para Thaga - DAkUse jhUTha bolanA para - hita ke lie hai, aura yaha prazna Upara likhe jAcuke cauthe praznake antargata hai, ThIka yaha bAta nahIM kahI jA sakatI / pratijJA karane ke samaya agara pariNAma na socakara aura usakA pAlana karUMgA yaha khayAla karake kAma kiyA gayA ho, aura bAdako soca samajha kara samAjake hitake lie - pratijJA tor3I gaI ho, to avazya hI vivecya viSaya cauthe praznake antargata hogA / kintu pratijJA karaneke samaya yadi yaha ThIka karake ki usakA pAlana

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218 jJAna aura karma / [ dvitIya bhAga nahIM karU~gA, kAma kiyA gayA ho, to vaha kArya AtmarakSAke lie aniSTakArIke sAtha asatyAcaraNa hai, aura use tIsare praznake antargata kahanA caahie| usake lie pratijJA tor3anevAleko apanI apUrNatAke kAraNa avazya hI citta santapta rahanA hogA / 4 - parahitake lie aniSTakArIke sAtha asatyakA AcaraNa kahA~taka nyAyasaMgata hai ? - yaha prazna bhI atyanta sahaja nahIM hai / eka dRSTAntase yaha spaSTa ho jAyagA / kisI bhAge hue AdamIke pIche daur3a rahA aura zastra hAthameM. liye mAra DAlaneke lie udyata AkramaNakArI agara ekAnta nirjana sthAna - meM kisI AdamIse pUche ki vaha AdamI kisa tarapha bhAga kara gayA hai aura agara vaha ThIka uttara na degA to use bhI mAra DAlane kI dhamakI de, to jisase usane prazna kiyA hai use yaha ucita hai ki nahIM ki vaha usase jhUTha bolakara apane aura bhAge hue AdamIke prANa bacAle ? isa praznakA "hA~, ucita hai " yaha uttara denemeM zAyada kisIko saMkoca na hogA / karmakSetrameM yadyapi jAna par3atA hai ki yaha uttara sabhI deMge aura usake anusAra kArya bhI kareMge, tathApi vicArakSetra meM eka bAra isa bAtako socakara dekhanA cAhie | jisase pUchA jAya usa vyaktikA pahalA kartavya yaha hai ki pUchanevAlako hata yA Ahata ( ghAyala ) na karake nihatthA banA kara usa pApakArya se nivRtta kre| isa viSaya meM koI matabheda ho nahIM sakatA / kintu yaha kArya karanemeM vizeSa bala yA kauzala bahutoM meM nahIM hai / AkramaNakArIko jAnase mArakara yA ghAyala karake nivRtta karanA apekSAkRta sahaja hai, kintu usameM kartavyatAkA virodha AtA hai-- eka ora bhAge huekI prANarakSA kartavya hai, dUsarI ora yathAsAdhya AkramaNakArIko na mAranA aura na ghAyala karanA bhI kartavya hai / aura vaha cAhe jo ho, AkramaNakArIko isa taraha nirastra karanA bhI sabake lie sAdhya nahIM hai / yaha na kara sakane para, uttara deMge ki na bolanA hI usakA kartavya hai jisase pUchA jAya / kintu usameM bhI vipatti hai / kAraNa, usameM apane prANa jAte haiN| udhara apane prANoMkI rakSA karanA bhI kartavya hai / satya uttara denese apane prANa bacate haiM sahI, kintu anyake prANa jAte haiM / yaha to ghoratara kartavyatA- virodhakI jagaha hai| jhUTha uttara denese donoMke prANa baca sakate haiM, kintu satyakI rakSA nahIM hotI / isa taraha eka na eka ora 1

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dUsarA adhyAya ] kartavyatAkA lakSaNa / www.rr kartavyatAkA ullaMghana avazya hotA hai / ataeva eka kartavyake anurodhase dUsarA kartavya avazya hI chor3anA pdd'egaa| aisI jagaha para kartavyatAke gurutvakA tAratamya vicArakara, jo gurutara kartavya ho usIkA pAlana karanA caahie| aura, isa vivecanAke anusAra ukta dRSTAntameM mithyA uttara denA nyAyasaMgata mAnA jA sakatA hai| kintu yaha yAda rakhanA Avazyaka hai ki vaha agatikI gati hai, Apaddharma hai| hamameM pUrNa bala hotA to hameM vaha na karanA par3atA, hama AkramaNakArIko nirastra yA nirasta kara sakate / athavA hamArA jJAna pUrNa hotA, to hama vaise saMkaTake sthAnameM jAte hI nhiiN| hamArI apUrNatAke kAraNa aise kartavyatAke virodhameM par3anA par3A, hama donoM kartavyoMkA pAlana nahIM kara sake, ekakI upekSA karanI par3I, aura isake lie cittako santApa rhegaa| ___ kartavyatAke gurutvakA tAratamya-nirUpaNa / Upara cAroM praznoMkI AlocanAmeM dekhA gayA ki kartavyatAke virodha-sthala meM gurutara kartavyake anurodhase apekSAkRta laghutara kartavyakI upekSA karaneke sivA dUsarA upAya nahIM hai, dUsarI gati nahIM hai| usameM yaha jijJAsya ho sakatA hai ki kartavyatAke gurutvakA tAratamya-nirUpaNa kisa prakAra hogA? koI koI kaha sakate haiM ki jaise Ayatana Adi maulika guNa pratyakSake dvArA jJeya haiM, aura unake tAratamyakA bhI pratyakSake dvArA nirUpaNa ho sakatA hai, vaise hI kartavyatA, karmakA maulika guNa bhI vivekake dvArA jeya hai / aura, do paraspara-viruddha kartavyatAoMke tAratamyakA bhI nirUpaNa vivekake dvArA ho sakatA hai| yaha bAta satya hai, kintu Ayatanake tAratamyakA nirUpaNa karaneke lie pratyakSa jaise parimANa (mApa ) kI sahAyatA letA hai, kartavyatAke tAratamyakA nirNaya karaneke lie vaise.hI viveka kisa lakSaNakI sahAyatA legA? isa bAtakA saMkSipta uttara yaha hai ki do viruddha kartavyoMmeM jo pravRtti-mArgamukha yA svArtha-prerita hai usakI apekSA jo nivRtti-mArgamukha yA parArtha-praNodita hai vahI adhikatara prabala ginA jAyagA / aura, donoM hI agara eka zreNIke hoM, arthAt donoM hI nivRtti mArgamukha aura parArthapraNodita hoM, athavA donoMhI pravRtti-mArga-mukha aura svArtha-prerita hoM, to jo adhika hitakara jAna par3e vahI pAlanIya hai|

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tIsarA adhyAya / pArivArika nItisiddha karma / manuSyakA paraspara sambandha aneka prakArakA hai| pRthvIpara agara kevala eka hI manuSya rahatA, to usakA nyAya anyAya karma kevala apane aura Izvarake sambandhameM rahatA, aura nItizAstra atyanta sahaja hotaa| athavA manuSya agara saMkhyAmeM ekase adhika hokara bhI sambandhau paraspara eka hI bhAvase baMdhe rahate, to bhI unakA parasparake prati kartavyaakartavya karma eka hI prakArakA hotaa| kintu vAstavameM isa pRthvIpara manuSyoMkI saMkhyA bahuta hai, unake taraha tarahake prakAra bheda bhI haiM, aura ve avasthAbhedase paraspara atyanta bhinna bhinna sambandhoMmeM baMdhe haiN| pahale to strI aura puruSa ye manuSyoMkI do mUla-zreNiyA~ haiN| usake bAda ve aneka prakRtike haiM, aneka dezoMke nivAsI haiM, aura unakI aneka jAtiyA~ haiM / usa para bhI ve bhinna bhinna dharmAvalambI haiM, aura zikSita-azikSita Adi bhinna bhinna avasthAoMko prApta haiN| ina saba kAraNoMse manuSyoMkA paraspara sambandha-jAla ati vicitra aura jaTila ho gayA hai, aura unake paraspara kartavya-akartavya karmakA nirNaya karanA bhI ati durUha ho uThA hai| pArivArika saMbandha saba saMbaMdhoMkI jar3a hai| manuSyagaNa jina bhinna bhinna saMbandhoMmeM paraspara ba~dhate haiM, unameM pArivArika sambandha sabakI apekSA ghaniSTha hai, aura anya saba sambandhoMke tathA manuSya. jAtike sthAyI honekI jar3a hai| manuSya kramonnatikI prathama avasthAmeM bhinna bhinna parivAroMmeM Abaddha hotA hai / parivArasamUha lekara samAja banatA hai|

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha karma / 221 samAjoMke samUhase jAti gaThita hotI hai| kaI jAtiyoMko lekara sAmrAjya sthApita hotA hai| yahI sAdhAraNa niyama hai| pArivArika sambandha strI-puruSake sambandha para sthApita hai| vivAha-bandhana isa pichale sambandhakI mUla-graMthi hai| pArivArika nItisiddha karmakI AlocanA isa adhyAyakA uddezya hai| vaha AlocanA nimna likhita kaI bhAgoM meM bA~TI jAtI hai| isa adhyAyake Alocya viSaya / (1) vivAha-bAlyavivAha, bahuvivAha, vidhavAvivAha, vivAhake sambandhameM krtvytaa| (2) putra-kanyAke sambandhameM krtvytaa| (3) mAtA-pitAke sambandhameM kartavyatA / (4) jAtibandhu Adi anyAnya svajanoMke sambandhameM kartavyatA / vivAha / vivAhasaMskArakI saSTi aura kramavikAsa kisataraha huA hai, isa pratna-tattvakI khoja karanA isa samayakA uddezya nahIM hai / vartamAna samayameM aneka dezoM aura samAjoMmeM vivAhakI prathA kisa rUpameM pracalita hai aura vaha kaisI honI cAhie, isIkI AlocanA yahA~ para karanI hai| vivAhasambandhake aneka rUpa / vivAhasambandhakA prathama lakSaNa hai strIke Upara puruSakA adhikAra, aura puruSake Upara bhI, usake samAna na sahI, kucha strIkA adhikAra bhI / isa sambandhakA sthitikAla kahIM donoMkA jIvanabhara hai, kahIM ekakI jiMdagI bhara hai, auraM kahIM eka nirdhArita samaya takake lie hai / isakA bandhana kahIM ekadama na TUTanevAlA hai, kahIM donoM pakSakI apanI icchAse, jaba cAhe taba, TUTa sakatA hai, kahIM eka pakSa ( puruSa) kI icchAse TUTa sakatA hai-dUsare pakSa (strI) kI icchAse nahIM TUTa sakatA, kahIM vizeSa kAraNa ( jaise vyabhicAra ) honese TUTa sakatA hai| eka puruSake eka strI, yaha sAdhAraNa niyama hai, kintu kahIM eka puruSake bahuta patnI raha sakatI haiM, aura zAyada kahIM eka strIke kaI pati bhI raha sakate haiN|

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jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga vivAha-sambandhase honevAlA adhikAra prAyaH sarvatra hI puruSako adhika hai, strIko usakI apekSA kama hai| isakA eka kAraNa hai| vaha yaha ki puruSa pakSa hI prabala aura niyama banAnevAlA hai| kintu jAna par3atA hai, isa adhikArakI viSamatAke mUlameM aura bhI eka nigUDha kAraNa hai, aura vaha bilkula asaMgata bhI nahIM hai| santAnakI mAtA kauna hai, isa bAremeM koI saMzaya nahIM raha sktaa| kintu santAnakA pitA kauna hai, isa viSayameM, strI-puruSakA saMsarga aniyamita rahanepara saMzaya upasthita ho sakatA hai / jAna par3atA hai, isI kAraNa anyake sAtha saMsarga, aura yatheSTa ghUmane-phiraneke bAremeM puruSoMne khuda jitanI svAdhInatA lI hai utanI svAdhInatA ve striyoMko nahIM denA cAhate / isake sAtha yaha kaha denA aprAsaMgika na hogA ki jahA~ eka strIke kaI svAmI rahanekI rIti pracalita hai vahA~ logoMkA paraspara sambandha mAtRmUlaka hai, pitamUlaka nhiiN| vivAhasambandha kisa tarahakA honA cAhie / Upara saMkSepameM kahA gayA hai ki vivAhasambandha aneka dezoMmeM aneka prakArakA hai| unake vistRta varNanakA koI prayojana nahIM hai| aba isIkI alocanA karanI hai ki vaha kaisA honA cAhie / isa AlocanAmeM vivAha sambandhakI utpatti, sthiti aura nivRtti, ye tIna viSaya dekhanA Avazyaka hai| sabase pahale vivAhasambandhakI utpatti hai yaha sambandha icchAdhIna hai, pitA-putra yA bhAI-bahanake sambandhakI taraha pUrvanirUpita nahIM hai| 'kisakI icchAke adhIna hai ? ' isa praznakA uttara avazya hI yaha honA cAhie ki 'jo isa sambandhameM Abaddha hoMge unkii'| aura, ve donoM yA unameMse eka AdamI alpavayaska honeke kAraNa agara apanI icchA para bharosA karaneke lAyaka na ho, to unake yA usake pitA mAtA athavA anya abhibhAvakoMkI icchAke Upara unakA yA usakA vivAha-sambandha nirbhara hogaa| kintu isa tarahakA gurutara sambandha, jisakA phalAphala do manuSyoMke jIvanako sukhamaya yA duHkhapUrNa banA sakatA hai, unhIM donoM AdamiyoMke sivA anya kisIkI icchAke Upara nirbhara hone denA ucita hai yA nahIM ? yaha prazna isa jagaha para avazya uTha sakatA hai| isake sAtha hI yaha prazna bhI uThegA ki bAlyavivAha ucita hai yA nahIM ? ye donoM prazna paraspara saMyukta

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha krm| 223 AAAAN hone para bhI ThIka ekahI nahIM haiN| kAraNa, bAlyavivAha anucita hone para bhI, agara vivAhake yogya avasthA aisI nizcita ho ki donoM pakSa (strI aura puruSa) kI buddhi usa samaya taka pakkI honA saMbhava na ho, to bhI unakA vivAha unake mA-bApa yA anya abhibhAvakoMkI bilkula asammatimeM honA ucita na hogaa| ataeva pahale yahI vivecanIya hai ki vivAha kitanI avasthAmeM honA caahie| pAzcAtya dezake logoMkI, aura isa dezake samAja-saMskArakoMkI, rAyameM pUrNa javAnIke pahale vivAha honA ucita nahIM hai| AInake anusAra yUropameM sAdhAraNataH kamase kama puruSakA caudaha varSakI avasthAmeM aura strIkA bAraha varSakI avasthAmeM vyAha honA caahie| aise hI phrAnsameM puruSakA aThAraha varSakI avasthAmeM aura strIkA paMdraha varSakI avasthAmeM vyAha ho sakatA hai| kintu ina saba dezoMmeM Upara likhI huI avasthAse adhika avasthAmeM hI akasara vyAha hote haiN| bhAratavarSa, vivAhakI avasthAke sambandhameM, zAstroMmeM puruSake lie yahA~taka nyUnasImA pAI jAtI hai ki dvijoM (brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya) ke bAlaka ATha varSakI avasthAmeM janeU ho jAne para kamase kama nava varSa aura brahmacaryake sAtha veda par3hanemeM bitA kara usake bAda vyAha kara sakate haiM (1) / isake anusAra puruSakI vivAha-yogya avasthA kamase kama satraha varSakI hai / strIke lie, kahIM prathama rajodarzanake pahale vyAha honekI vidhi hai aura kahIM ATha varSase lekara bAraha varSakI avasthAtaka vivAhakI avasthA likhI hai (2) / pracalita vyavahArake anusAra hindU samAjameM puruSake lie kamase kama caudaha varSakI avasthA aura strIke lie nava yA dasa varSakI avasthA vivAhake yogya samajhI jAtI hai| striyoMkA vivAha adhikase adhika bAraha yA teraha varSakI avasthAmeM avazya ho jAtA hai| unake lie yaha avasthA ucca sImA hai| bhAratavarSa meM laukika vivAhakI avasthAkI nyUna sImA, san 1872 I0 ke 3 AInake anusAra, puruSake lie aThAraha varSa aura strIke lie caudaha varSa hai| (1) manu a0 3 zloka 1-4, aura a0 2 zloka 36 dekho| (2) manu a0 9, zlo0 89 aura 94 dekho|

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224 jJAna aura krm| [prathama bhAga vAlyavivAhake pratikUla yukti| jo loga bAlyavivAhake, arthAt kamasinImeM vivAhake, virodhI haiM, ve apane matakA samarthana karaneke lie nimnalikhita tIna bAteM kahate haiM (1) vivAhasambandha jaisA gurutara hai aura usakA phalAphala jaisA dIrghakAlataka rahanevAlA hai, use socakara dekhate buddhi pakkI honeke pahale kisIko bhI usa tarahake sambandha-bandhanameM ba~dhane denA ucita nahIM jAna pdd'taa| (2) vivAhakA eka pradhAna uddezya hai-upayukta santAna utpanna karanA / ataeva thor3I avasthAmeM, arthAt deha aura buddhike pakaneke pahale, byAha karanA ucita nahIM hai / kAraNa, mAtA-pitAkA zarIra aura mana agara pUrNatAko prApta na hogA to santAnakI bhI kAyA sabala aura mana prabala nahIM ho skegaa| (2) saMsArameM jIvana-saMgrAma aisA kaThina hotA ArahA hai ki thor3I avasthAmeM byAha karake strI-putrakA bojha sirapara lAda lenese, loga apanI unnatike lie yathocita ceSTA nahIM kara sakate / ye tInoM yuktiyA~ itanI saMgata aura prabala haiM ki sunate hI jAna par3atA hai, inakA kucha uttara nahIM hai / aura, jina dezoMmeM thor3I avasthAmeM byAha honekI rIti pracalita nahIM hai una saba dezoMkI aihika unnata avasthAke sAtha bAlyavivAha-prathAke anugAmI bhAratakI aihika hIna avasthAkA milAna karanese jAna par3atA hai ki pUrvokta yuktiyoMke anukUla pracura pramANa mila gyaa| basa, ukta yuktiyoMke pratikUla agara koI vijJa pravINa puruSa bhI kucha kahanA cAhatA hai to vaha atyanta bhrAnta jAna par3atA hai, aura usakI bAta ekadama sunaneke ayogya pratIta hotI hai| isakA eka dRSTAnta detA huuN| kucha samaya pahale eka sAla kalakattA-vizvavidyAlayakI pravezikA parIkSAke lie baMgalA-sAhityakI jo pAThyapustaka banAI gaI usameM prasiddha mananazIla supaNDita aura sulekhaka svargIya bhUdeva mukhopAdhyAya mahAzayake "pArivArika prabandha granthase bAlyavivAha' zIrSaka prabandha yA usakA kucha aMza lekara rakha diyA gyaa| usameM koI bhI aisI bAta na thI jo par3haneke ayogya ho / ba~galA jAnanevAle pAThaka use khuda par3hakara isa bAtakI jA~ca kara sakate haiN| kintu usake lie itanI Apatti upasthita kI gaI ki saMkalita pAThya pustakase vaha aMza nikAla denA pdd'aa|

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha karma / 225 aisA honA vicitra nahIM hai| isa dezameM eka samaya bAlyavivAha jisa DhaMgase pracalita thA, usameM aneka doSa the aura usase bahuta kucha aniSTa huA hai / ataeva usa para logoMke manameM azraddhA utpanna honA svabhAvasiddha thA / usake Upara isa dezakI aihika hIna avasthAse honevAle kaSTa thor3A-bahuta sabhIko bhogane par3a rahe haiM, aura ve sahaja hI dekhe jAte haiN| aura, yaha kuphala isa dezakI prAcIna rIti-nItikA hI hai ( bAta cAhe saca ho yA na ho), aisA hI bahuta logoMkA vizvAsa hai| usa prAcIna rIti-nItikA agara kucha suphala ho, to vaha aihika yA vaiSayika nahIM hai, adhyAtmika hai; saba loga utane sahajameM usakA anubhava nahIM kara skte| isake sivA loga apane matake viruddha rIti-nItiyoMke doSa dinarAta bakhAna karake logoMke matako itanA adhIra banA dete haiM ki ve usa rIti-nItike kucha guNa rahane para bhI usakI ora AMkha uThAkara dekhanA nahIM caahte| yaha bhI svAbhAvika hI hai / prAcIna rIti-nItiyA~ bhI samAjakI avasthA badalaneke sAtha sAtha parivartanayogya ho jAtI haiM / vasa samAjasaMskAraka loga lokahitake lie unheM badalanekI ceSTA karate haiN| saba ora dRSTi rakhakara saba bAtoMke bhale-bure donoM pahaluoM para vicAra karake calA jAya to usameM bahuta dhIre calanA par3atA hai| isI kAraNa ve ekadezadarzI hokara vegake sAtha saMskArakI ora agrasara hote calate haiM / ve apanA kArya karate haiM, aura kareMge, usameM unake sAtha merA koI virodha nahIM hai / unase merA kevala yahI vinIta nivedana hai ki ve prAcIna rItinItiyoMke doSoMkI khoja karate samaya usake guNoMkI orase ekadama A~kha na phera leN| isameM sandeha nahIM ki saMsAra nirantara gatizIla hai| kucha bhI sthira nahIM hai| koI sAmane, koI pIche, koI supathameM, koI kupathameM, isa taraha jagatke sabhI padArtha cala rahe haiM / ataeva parivartanakA virodha Tika nahIM sakatA / kintu yadi koI kisI vastuko sumArgameM calAnekI aura use usake gantavya sthAnameM le jAnekI icchA kare, to kevala usakI gatikA vega bar3hAdenese hI kAma nahIM calegA, usakI gatikI dizA bhI sthira rakhanI hogii| catura savAra ghor3eke kevala kor3e hI nahIM mAratA calA jAtA, sAtha hI usakI laga.nako bhI khIMcatA hai / ataeva saMskAraka agara kevala sAmane dekhane meM hI lagA rahegA to kAma nahIM calanekA-Age pIche aura cAroM ora dekha-sunakara sAvadhAnIse calanA Avazyaka hai| jJAna0-15

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226 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga itanI bAteM kevala isI AzAse maiMne kahI haiM ki inheM smaraNa rakhakara pAThakagaNa thor3I avasthAmeM honevAle vivAhake anukUla bhI jo kucha vaktavya hai usa para dhyAna deMge / kintu sabake pahale hI kaha denA ucita hai ki kucha dina pahale isa dezameM ( yahA~ lekhakakA matalaba kevala baMgadezase hai ) samaya samaya para jaise bAlyavivAhake dRSTAnta dekhe jAte the (jaise pA~ca chaH varSakI bAlikAke sAtha dasa bAraha varSake bAlakakA vivAha ) unakA anumodana maiM nahIM karatA, isa samaya koI bhI nahIM karatA, aura jisa samaya vaise bAlyavivAha kucha kucha pracalita the usa samaya bhI zAyada loga kevala prayojanake anurodhase usa tarahake vivAha karate the, isake sivA unakA anu. modana koI bhI nahIM karatA thaa| maiM jisa tarahake bAlyavivAhake anukUla kucha vaktavya batA rahA hU~ vaha usa tarahakA bAlyavivAha nahIM hai, use thor3I avasthAkA vivAha kahanA ucita hogaa| vaha thor3I avasthA kanyAke lie bArahase caudaha varSa taka aura varake lie solahase aThAraha varSataka samajhanI caahie| aise vivAhako bhI bAlyavivAha kaha sakate haiM / lekina bAlyavivAha na kaha kara usako thor3I avasthAkA vivAha kahanA hI acchA hogA / strIkI caudaha varSakI avasthAke bAda aura puruSakI aThAraha varSakI avasthAke bAda honevAle vivAhako bAlyavivAha kaha kara koI doSa nahIM detA, aura yaha bhI nahIM hai ki vaisA vivAha bhAratake laukika vivAhake AIna dvArA anumodita na ho| rajodarzana agara na huA ho, to kanyAkA bAraha varSakI avasthAmeM vivAha hindUzAstramatake viruddha nahIM kahA jaasktaa| manujI kahate haiMtriMzadvarSoM vahetkanyAM hRdyAM dvAdazavArSikIm / (a0 9 zloka 94) arthAt tIsa varSakI avasthAkA puruSa bArahavarSakI rUpavatI kanyAkA pANigrahaNa kare / thor3I avasthAke vivAhake anukUla yuktiyA~ / uparyukta prakArake thor3I avasthAke vivAhake pratikUla pahale kahIgaI yuktiyoMke sAtha-sAtha jo kaI eka anukUla yuktiyA~ haiM, ve bhI saMkSepameM nIce likhI jAtI haiM:

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha krm| 227 (1) ullikhita prathama pratikUla yuktike sAtha-sAtha vicAra karake dekhanese jAna par3egA ki jaisI thoDI avasthAmeM vivAha honekI bAta kahI jA rahI hai usa avasthAmeM bAlaka-bAlikAe~ 'vivAha-sanbandha kyA hai' aura 'vivAhakA gurutva kitanA bar3A hai' isa viSayako bilkula hI nahIM samajha sakate, yaha bAta nahIM kahI jA sktii| paNDitoMke dvArA nirdiSTa unake pAThya-viSaya-Adiko dekhakara jAna par3atA hai ki koI bhI unheM itanA nAsamajha nahIM samajhegA / hA~, isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki itanI avasthAmeM bAlakoM yA bAlikAoMmeM apane jIvanakI cirasaMginI athavA cirasaMgI chA~Ta lenakI kSamatA nahIM hotii| kintu aura do-cAra sAla apekSA karanese hI kyA unameM vaha kSamatA AjAyagI? athavA aura kitane dina apekSA karaneke lie Apa kaheMge ? jo loga bAlyavivAhake virodhI haiM, ve bhI yauvana-vivAhakA virodha nahIM karate, aura virodha karanese bhI kAma nahIM cala sakatA / aMgareja-rAjakarmacAriyoM ne bhI laukika vivAha AIna arthAt san 1872 I meM vivAhake yogya avasthAkI nyUna-sImA puruSake lie aThAraha varSa aura strIke lie caudaha varSa nizcita kI hai / ataeva vivAhakA yathAsabhaMva samaya cAhe jo nizcita ho, vara-kanyAkA paraspara cunAva kevala unakI apanI icchA para nirbhara hone denA kabhI yuktisiddha nahIM hogaa| usake bAremeM unake pitA-mAtA yA anya kisI nagIcI abhibhAvakakI salAha lenekI AvazyakatA avazya rhgii| parantu vivAhakA samaya ullikhita alpa avasthAkI apekSA aura bhI do-cAra varpa adhika honese jaisA komala, parivartanayogya aura gurujanoMkI icchAkA anugAmI rahatA hai vaisA avasthA bar3haneke sAthasAtha phira nahIM rahatA, kramazaH kaThina, aparivartanIya aura svecchAnuvartI ho uThatA hai| isIse yauvanavivAha meM vara-kanyAke nirvAcanameM gurujanoMke upadezakA yatheSTa prayojana rahatA hai, athaca vaha upadeza apanI icchAke virUddha hone para use grahaNa karanemeM anicchA atiprabala ho uThatI hai, aura aneka sthaloM meM vaha anicchA usa prayojanakI upalabdhi bhI manameM nahIM hone detii| isake sivA aura bhI eka bar3I bhArI bAta hai / yauvana-vivAhameM varakanyA donoMke parasparake cunAvameM kucha samartha honepara bhI, agara unase bhUla ho, arthAt agara vivAhasambandhI cunAva ke bAda svAmI aura strI donoM yaha

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228 jJAna aura karma / [dvitIya bhAga samajha pAveM ki una donoMkI prakRtimeM itanA vaiSamya hai ki ve paraspara eka dUsareke lie upayogI nahIM hosakate, to usa bhUlakA saMzodhana karaneke lie vivAhabandhanako tor3aneke sivA unake lie aura koI upAya nahIM raha jaataa| bAlyavivAha meM bhI isatarahakI bhUla honekI yatheSTa saMbhAvanA hai| to bhI, pahale to, yauvanavivAhameM jitanI hai utanI vAlyavivAhameM nahIM hai| kAraNa, yauvanavidyAineM, yuvaka-yuvatI hI apanI apanI pravRttikI preraNAse kArya karate haiM, aura usa samaya usa avasthAmeM pravRttike bhramameM par3a jAnekI saMbhAvanA atyanta adhika hai| kintu bAlyavivAhameM, uddhata pravRttike dvArA prerita yuvaka aura yuvatIkI jagaha saMyata pravRttivAle aura sat-vivecanAse saMcAlita praur3ha praur3hA janaka jananI hI usa nirvAcanakA bhAra apane Upara lete haiM, aura unase bhUla honekI saMbhAvanA apekSAkRta alpa hI hai| phira dUsare, alpa avasthAmeM prakRtike komala aura caritrake parivartanazIla honeke kAraNa jaise vivAhasambandhameM baMdhehue bAlaka-bAlikA parasparake lie upayogI hokara apanI prakRti aura caritrako usI tarahakA banA le sakate haiM, usase yaha pazcAttApa karanekA kAraNa prAyaH nahIM raha jAtA ki unake nirvAcanameM bhUla haI thii| ina bAtoMke kAlpanika na honekA arthAt yathArtha honekA, utkRSTa pramANa yaha hai ki jina dezoMmeM adhika avasthAmeM byAha honekI cAla hai unameM jitane vivAha-vibhrATa hote haiM aura adAlatameM vivAha-bandhana tor3aneke lie jitanI dAsteM gujaratI haiM unakA zatAMza bhI isa bAlyavivAha prathA ke anugAmI bhAratameM nahIM hotA-balki yaha bhI kaheM to kaha sakate haiM, ki ve bAteM yahA~ hotI hI nahIM haiN| ataeva yaha avazya hI svIkAra karanA hogA ki bAlya-vivAhake sambandhameM prathama pratikUla yuktike sAtha sAtha aneka anukUla bAteM bhI haiN| (2) bAlyavivAhake viruddha pakSameM ullikhita dUsarI Apatti yaha hai ki bAlyavivAhase upayukta santAna paidA karanemeM bAdhA par3atI hai / kintu yaha Apatti akhaNDanIya nahIM hai / yaha bAta koI nahIM kahatA ki byAha hote hI strI-puruSa donoM pUrNa sahavAsake yogya ho jAte haiM / pitA-mAtA agara kartavyaniSTha aura dRDa-pratijJa hoM, to ve thor3I avasthAmeM byAhe gaye putra kanyAke svAsthya aura santAna paidA karaneke yogya samaya para lakSya rakhakara

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha krm| 229 unake sahavAsako isa taraha niyamabaddha kara de sakate haiM ki usase kevala hitakara phala hI hogA, ahitakara phala na hogaa| aura, vaisA hone para unake sahavAsase parasparake prati prema-saMcAra aura indriyasevAke saMyamakI zikSA donoM hI phala prApta hoNge| pakSAMtarameM, vivAhameM Adhika vilamba karanese usakA kyA phala hotA hai, vaha bhI vicArakara dekha lenA caahie| strI aura puruSake paraspara saMsargakI cAha aksara caudahaveM yA paMdrahaveM varSameM uddIpita hotI hai / usa pravRtti (cAha)ko eka nirdiSTa pAtrameM nyasta karake nivRttimukhI banAnA, aura indriyacaritArthakA vidhisaMgata aura niyamita upAya nikAla kara usake avaidha aura asaMyata svecchAcArako rokanA, agara vivAhakA eka mukhya uddezya he, to jAna par3atA hai, thor3I avasthAmeM vyAha kara denA hI usa uddezyako pUrNa-karanekA prazasta mArga hai / asAdhAraNa pavitra aura saMyatacitta logoMkI bAta maiM nahIM kahatA, aura vaise loga saMkhyA adhika bhI nahIM hai, kintu sAdhAraNa logoMmeM ukta indriyasukhakI pravRtti paidA hone para, agara zIghra hI usake nirdiSTa-pAtramukhI honekI vyavasthA nahIM kI jAya, to vaha kAlpanika manamAne vyabhicArameM, athavA vAstavika apavitra yA asvAbhAvika caritArthatA prApta karane meM laga jAtI hai| aura, yaha kahanekI koI AvazyakatA nahIM ki usa tarahakA kAlpanika yA vAstavika vyabhicAra donoMhIke deha aura manake lie samAnarUpase ahitakara hai| agara koI kahe ki jo pravRtti itanI prabala hai use eka nirdiSTapAtrameM arpita kara denese hI vaha saMyata rahegI, isakI saMbhAvanA kahA~ hai ? to isakA uttara yaha hai ki kisI bhogyavastukA abhAva avazya AkAMkSAko bar3hAtA hai, lekina vaha vastu mila jAnepara phira bhogakI lAlasA baisI tIvra nahIM rahatI / yaha sAdhAraNataH manuSyakA svabhAvasiddha dharma hai| (3) bAlyavivAha ke sambandhameM Upara kahI gaI tIsarI Apatti yaha hai ki bAlyavivAha honese thor3I hI avasthAmeM manuSyapara strI-putra-kanyA 'Adike pAlana-poSaNakA bojha par3a jAtA hai, jisake mAre vaha apanI unnatike lie yatna karanekA avasara nahIM pAtA / kintu yaha bAta nahIM hai ki isa bAtake viruddha bhI kucha kahanekI bAta na ho / vivAha honese hI svAmI apanI strIke bharaNa-poSaNakA bhAra apane Upara leneke lie

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230 jJAna aura karma / [dvitIya bhAga ... ... ... ... ................. .wwwwwwwwwmummmm.nwww.www.www.v...... avazya vAdhya hai, kintu putra-kanyAke pAlana-poSaNakA bhAra unake utpanna honeke pahale nahIM Apar3atA, aura bAla-baccoMke janmakAlameM dera karanekI kSamatA khuda pitAke hI hAthameM hai| ataeva jisameM strIko khilAne-pilAne aura pAla. nekI kSamatA nahIM hai use jaba taka vaha kSamatA na prApta ho taba taka avazya hI vivAha nahIM karanA caahie| kintu anya kAraNase vivAha vihita hone para, kevala santAna paidA honekI AzaMkAse use rahita karanekA prayojana nahIM dekha pdd'taa| koI koI kahate haiM, strIke rakSaNAvekSaNakI jimmedArI aura strIsaMgakI lAlasA jo hai vaha vivAhita puruSake vidyAlAbha yA arthalAbhake lie yatheSTa-vicaraNameM bAdhA DAla sakatI hai| kintu jo svAmI hinda-parivArake anrtagata hai use strIke rakSaNAvekSaNake lie vizeSa cintA karanekA koI kAraNa nahIM dekha par3atA / aura, ekatarapha jaise strIsaMga-lAbhakI lAlasA anyatra jAnemeM bAdhA DAlanevAlI ho sakatI hai, vaise hI dUsarI tarapha strIke sukhasantoSako bar3hAnekI icchAse apane kRtI honekI ceSTAko utsAha bhI milatA hai-yaha satya hai ki jise strIke aura putra-kanyA Adike bharaNa-poSaNake lie, cAhe jisa tarahase ho, kucha kamAneke lie vAdhya honA par3atA hai, vaha apanI unnati karaneke lie manamAne taurase ceSTA nahIM kara sktaa| kintu udhara jisake lie abhAva-pUrtike vAste kamAnekA vizeSa prayojana nahIM hai, usa vyaktimeM bhI apanI unnatike lie adhika ceSTA karanekI uttejanA pUrNarUpase nahIM rhtii| isa sambandhameM prasiddha-vaktA aura vicAraka askina sAhabakI bAta smaraNIya hai / strI-putra Adike pAlanakA koI upAya na dekhakara arkina sAhaba bairisTarI karane lage / pahalepahala jo mukadamA unhoMne apane hAthameM liyA, usameM jaba vaha vaktRtA dene lage, taba bIcameM pradhAna vicArapati mainsaphIlDane yaha kahakara ki unakA amuka viSaya aprAsaMgika hai, unheM usakA ullekha na karaneke lie izArA kiyA / magara ukta bairisTarane usa izArakI parvA na karake tejIke sAtha usI viSayako uThAkara khUba bahasa kii| unakI vaha vaktatA itanI joradAra aura hRdaya para asara DAlanevAlI huI ki usI dinase unhoMne apane rojagArameM asAdhAraNa prasiddhi aura pratiSThA prApta kara lii| vaktRtA de cukaneke bAda bairisTarasAhabake eka mitrane unase pUchA ki mainsaphIlDa jaise prabala pratApI pradhAnavicArapatikI AjJAko na,

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha karma / mAnanekA sAhasa ve kaise kara sake ? isa praznake uttarameM arkinasAhabane kahA" usa samaya mujhe mAlUma par3a rahA thA ki bhUkhase pIr3ita mere bacce mAnoM karuNasvarameM mujhase kaha rahe haiM-pitA, isa suyogameM agara Apa hamAre khAnepInekA kucha subhItA kara sakeMge to kara sakeMge, nahIM to kucha na hogaa|" (1) ataeva dekhA jAtA hai ki thor3I avasthAke vidhAhake viruddha Upara jina tIna prabala ApattiyoMkA ullekha huA thA, unameMse haraekake sAthasAtha, usakA saMpUrNa khaNDana na sahI, usake viparIta yuktiyA~ bhI haiN| thor3I avasthAmeM jaise vivAhake gurutvakI upalabdhi karake upayukta cirasaMgI yA cirasaMginIke nirvAcanakI kSamatA nahIM utpanna hotI, vaise hI adhika avasthAmeM honevAlA nirvAcana bhrAntirahita hI hogA-yaha bhI nizcita rUpase kahA nahIM jaasktaa| adhika yaha hai ki usa adhika avasthAke nirvAcanameM bhUla hojAne para usa avasthAmeM strI aura puruSake lie apanI apanI prakRtiko paraspara upayogI banAnekA samaya nahIM raha jaataa| thor3I avasthAke vivAhameM jaise bhAvI putrakanyAoMke sabaladeha aura prabalamanA honeke bAremeM khaTakA banA rahatA hai, vaise hI thor3I avasthAmeM byAha na kara denese phira vartamAna bAlaka-bAlikAoMkI zArIrika susthatA aura mAnasika pavitratAkI rakSAmeM vighna par3anekI saMbhAvanA banI rahatI hai| thor3I avasthAmeM byAha honese jaise loga giristI uThAne aura parivAra pAlaneke bojhase dabakara yathAsAdhya apanI apanI unnatikI ceSTA karane meM asamartha hote haiM, vaise hI udhara thor3I avasthAmeM byAha na kara denase svAdhIna bhale hI raheM, kintu unameM Atmonnatike lie ceSTA bhI apekSAkRta alpa hI rahatI hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki yuktikI apekSA dRSTAnta prabalatara pramANa hai / vartamAna viSayameM aksara pAzcAtya dezoMke dRSTAnta hI dikhalAye jAte haiN| kintu yaha socakara dekhanA Avazyaka hai ki yUropakI unnata avasthA aura bhAratakI hIna avasthA kahA~taka vivAhaviSayaka pracalita prathAkA phala hai| baMgAlameM jo bAlyavivAha pracalita hai, usIkI prathA yukta pradeza aura paMjAba AdimeM bhI pracalita hai / kintu yuktapradeza aura paMjAba Adi pradezoMkA svAsthya baMgAlake svAsthyakI taraha hIna nahIM hai, aura yUropake svAsthyake (1) Campbell's Lives of the Chancellors, Vol. TIIL P. 249 dekho| -

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232 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga mukAbalemeM bhI kama nahIM hai / ataeva baMgAlakI zArIrika durbalatAkA kAraNa zAyada bAlyavivAha nahIM hai| usake maleriyA Adi anya kAraNa haiN| isake alAvA isa dezakI pArivArika kuzalatA aura zAnti, pAzcAtya dezoMkI apekSA kama to hai hI nahIM, balki adhika hI jAna par3atI hai| AdhyAtmika unnatike bAremeM bhI yahI bAta kahI jA sakatI hai| hA~, vaiSayika unnatimeM avazya hI yaha deza pAzcAtya dezoMkI apekSA bahuta pichar3A huA hai| kintu yaha bAta nizcita rUpase nahIM kahI jA sakatI ki vaha aihika unnatimeM nyUnatA bAlya-vivAhahIkA phala hai| kAraNa, usake anya kA. raNa bhI rahanA saMbhavapara jAna par3atA hai| isa deza meM prakRti ( Nature) devI pUrvakAlase hI atyanta sadaya bhAvase logoMke lie thor3e parizramase milanevAla anna-vastrakI vyavasthA kara detI thI, aura usane prAyaH logoMko apanI bhayAnaka mUrti dikhAkara bhIta aura utkaNThita nahIM bnaayaa| isIse loga vaiSayika vyApArakI apekSA AdhyAtmika vyApArakI cintAmeM adhikatara DUbakara zAntipriya ho par3e / usI avasthAmeM madhyayugake raNakuzala videzI logoMne Akara isa dezapara apanA rAjyAdhikAra jamA liyA, lekina udhara unhoMne isa dezake rahanevAloMkI sAmAjika svAdhInatA jaisIkI taisI banI rahane dI / isI kAraNa bhAratIyoMkI usa zAntipriyatA aura AdhyAtmika vicArazIlatAne dhIre dhIre AlasyakA rUpa rakha liyA / sutarAM prakRti devIkI dulArI santAna honese hI hama kucha-kucha akarmaNya ho par3e haiN| udhara prakRtine vaise sadayabhAvase jinakA pAlana nahIM kiyA, jinheM prakRtine bIca bIca meM apanI bhayAnaka mUrti dikhalAI, jinheM anna-vastrake lie kaThina parizrama karanA par3A, jinheM prAkRtika viplavase bacaneke lie vyasta rahanA par3A-AtmarakSAke lie nikaTavartI jAtiyoMke sAtha saMgrAma karaneke vAste taiyAra rahanA par3A, ve avazya hI kramazaH adhikatara raNanipuNa aura karmakuzala ho uThe, aura isa samaya vaiSayika unnatimeM bahuta Age bar3he hue haiN| vivAhakAlaMke bAre meM sthUla siddhAnta / vaha cAhe jo ho, dekha par3atA hai ki bAlyavivAhake arthAt ullikhita prakArake thor3I avasthAke vivAhake pratikUla jaise aneka yuktiyA~ haiM, vaise hI usake

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha karma / 233 anukUla bhI aneka bAteM haiN| aura, bAlyavivAhameM jaise doSa haiM, vaise hI kaI guNa bhI haiN| udhara yauvana-vivAha yA praur3ha-vivAha, jaise guNa haiM vaise hI kucha doSa bhI haiN| jaba isa taraha donoM ora ubhaya-saMkaTa hai, to phira kauna mArga avalambanIya hai ? asala bAta yaha hai ki hamAre karmakSetrake anyAnya saMkaTasthaloMkI taraha vivAhakAlakA nirNaya bhI eka kaThina saMkaTa-sthala hai / eka orake adhika suphalakI pratyAzA karanemeM anya orake suphalakI AzA kucha chor3anI par3atI hai, aura udharake suphalakA bhAga lenA par3atA hai| isa tarahake sthalameM aisA koI siddhAnta nahIM hai jo sarvavAdisaMmata ho, aura jisake dvArA saba taraha suphala pAyA jA ske| uddezya aura avasthAke bhedase vibhinna siddhAntoM para pahuMcanA hogaa| agara hameM sabala raNa-kuzala sainika, yA sudUra samudrayAtrAmeM na DaranevAle nAvika, athavA sAhasI udyamazIla baniye (saudAgara) paidA karane hoM, to thor3I avasthAke vivAhakI prathA parityAjya hai| kintu yadi ziSTa, zAnta, dharmaparAyaNa, saMyata pravRttivAle gRhastha paidA karanA ho, to Upara likhe anusAra thor3I avasthAmeM putra-kanyAkA byAha kara denA hI acchA hai / magara hA~, Arthika avasthA kucha anukUla na hone para, jabataka strI-putra-kanyAke pAlanakA subhItA na ho, tabataka vyAha karanA ucita nahIM hai| aura, jahA~ vidyopArjana Adi anya uccatara uddezyameM lar3akekA mana ekAnta niviSTa hai, aura usake lakSyabhraSTa hokara kumArgameM jAnekI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai, vahA~ para bhI vilambameM usakA vyAha kiyA jAya to acchA / vivAhakAlake bAremeM, saMkSepameM, yahI sthUla siddhAnta hai| isa sambandhameM kisI ba~dhe hue niyamakI sthApanA, athavA isa bAtako lekara samAja-saMskAraka yA saMskAra-virodhI ina donoM daloMkA anarthaka vivAda, vAMchanIya nahIM hai| bAlyavivAhameM bAlavaidhavyakI AzaMkA hai, aura agara vidhavAvivAha niSiddha ho to yaha AzaMkA atigurutara viSaya hai / yaha bAlyavivAhake viruddha eka kaThina Apatti hai, aura isake khaNDanakA upAya bhI nahIM dekhA jaataa| isake sambandhameM kevala itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki saMsAra meM koI bhI viSaya nirantara zubhakara nahIM hai, sabhImeM zubha aura azubha donoM mile haiN| basa, jisameM zubha yA maMgalakA bhAga apekSAkRta adhika hai vahI grahaNa karane yogya hai|

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234 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga vara aura kanyAkA cunAva kauna kare ? vivAha-sambandhakI utpattike viSayakI pahalI bAtakI, arthAt vivAhakAlake nirNayakI, AlocanAmeM jaba dekhA gayA ki thor3I umrameM byAhakI cAla ekadama parityAgake yogya nahIM hai, taba dUsarA prazna yaha uThatA hai ki pAtrapAtrIkA nirvAcana kisakA kartavya hai aura usa nirvAcanameM kyA kyA dekhanA Avazyaka hai ? vivAhakI kamase kama jo avasthA Upara ThIka kI gaI hai, usa avasthAmeM pAna aura pAtrI parasparakA cunAva khuda karane meM samartha nahIM hote, lekina bilkula hI akSama bhI nahIM hote / ataeva unake mAtA-pitA athavA anya abhibhAvakoMkA prathama kartavya unakI apanI apanI samajhake anusAra yogya pAtra yA pAnI pasaMda karanA hai| aura, unakA dUsarA kartavya usa pasaMda kiye gaye pAtra yA pAtrIke doSa-guNa apanI kanyA yA putrako jatA denA, aura unheM pasaMda karanekA kAraNa samajhA denA, tathA kanyA yA putrase usakI rAya pUchanA hai| putra yA kanyAkI lajjAzIlatA isa praznakA uttara denemeM bAdhaka hogii| agara koI uttara degA bhI, to itanA hI uttara milegA ki use pitA-mAtAkI sat-vivecanAke Upara dRDhavizvAsa hai. aura ve jo acchA samajheM vahI kreN| usa samaya putrako byAha karanekI icchA agara na hogI to vaha use prakaTa kara degA, aura varake kurUpa yA adhika vayaska hone para kanyA izArase kucha asantoSa jnaavegii| (basa, itanA hI pAtra yA pAtrI kara sakate haiM-unase ita. nA hI uttara pAnekI AzA kI jA sakatI hai|) cAhe jo ho, putra-kanyAko samajhAkara, unase apane manakA yathArtha bhAva prakaTa karaneke lie kahanA, aura usa bhAvako khuda samajha lenA, tathA usa para dRSTi rakhakara kAma karanA, pitA aura mAtAkA kartavya hai| ___ pAtra-pAtrIke nirvAcanameM kyA kyA doSa-guNa dekhane hoMge, isa praznakA uttara denA sahaja nahIM hai| manuSyako pahacAnanA bar3A kaThina hai, khAsakara jisa samayataka usake zarIra aura manakA pUrNarUpase vikAsa na huA ho| tathApi dehatattva aura manastattvake jJAtA paNDitoMne jo kucha niyama nizcita kara diye haiM, una para dRSTi rakhakara vijJa pitA-mAtA, yatna kareM to, aneka doSoM aura guNoMkA nirUpaNa kara sakate haiN| pAtra yA pAtrIkA zarIra sugaThita aura sustha hai ki nahIM, usake pitRkula aura mAtRkulameM kisI pUrvapuruSake koI asAdhya

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha krm| 235 utkaTa roga thA ki nahIM, khuda pAtra-pAtrIkA aura usake pitA-mAtAkA svabhAva kaisA hai, aura unake mAtRkula aura pitRkulameM kisI gurutara duSkarmase kaluSita koI AdamI thA ki nahIM, ina saba bAtoMkA vizeSa rUpase patA lagAnA pAtrapAtrIke pitA-mAtA yA anya abhibhAvakakA kartavya hai (1) / ina bAtoMkI khoja karanese dopa-guNakA bahuta kucha paricaya mila sakatA hai| isa prakArakI jA~cameM agara koI gurutara doSa mAlUma ho, to usa dopase sambandha rakhanevAle pAna-pAtrIko chor3a denA cAhie / khedakI bAta to yaha hai ki Ajakala adhikAMza loga ina saba gurutara viSayoMpara dRSTi na rakhakara apekSAkRta laghutara viSayoMke lie hI vyasta dekhe jAte haiN| kahAvatake taura para eka sAdhAraNa zloka sunA jAtA hai kanyA varayate rUpaM mAtA vittaM pitA zrutam / bAndhavAH kulamicchanti miSTAnnamitare janAH / / arthAt kanyA varakA rUpa cAhatI hai, kanyAkI mAtA varakA dhana aura kanyAkA pitA varakI vidyA dekhatA hai / bandhu-bAndhava kula cAhate haiM aura anya barAtI vagairaha loga miThAI khAne para najara DAlate haiN| rUpa avazya agrAhya karanekI vastu nahIM hai, kintu vaha yadi yathArtha rUpa ho / kanyA hI kyoM, kanyAke mA-bApa kuTumbI aura anya sabhI varakA rUpa dekhakara santuSTa hote haiM / varake pakSameM bhI yahI bAta bahuta kucha ghaTita hotI hai| kintu rUpakA artha kevala gorA camar3A hI nahIM hai| ekavAra eka bhale AdamIke mukhase maiMne sunA thA, unakI sahadharmiNIkA mata hai ki unakI bhAvI putravadhUke agara eka A~kha na ho to bhI kisI taraha cala sakatA hai, lekina usakA raMga avazya hI gorA honA cAhie ! sahasA yaha bAta sunakara vismita honA par3atA hai| kintu jaba kucha socakara dekhA jAtA hai ki bahu darzI manuSyatattva aura jAtitattvake jJAtA bar3e bar3e pAzcAtya paNDitoMke bhI varNa-jJAnake anusAra varNa-bheda hI manuSyake bala, buddhi, nIti, prakRtikA pradhAna paricayadAtA hai, to alpadarzinI antaHpuravAsindI hindU-ramaNIkI yaha bAta utane AzcaryakI nahIM jAna pdd'tii| cAhe jo ho, aMgasauSThava, acche svAsthyake (1) manusaMhitA a0 3, zlo0 6-11 dekho /

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jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga kAraNa prakaTa huI zarIrakI ujjvala kAnti aura lAvaNya, aura mAnasika pavitratA yA praphullatAle utpanna mukhakI nirmala kAnti hI yathArtha rUpa aura saundarya hai| usa rUpa-saundaryakI khoja avazya hI karanI hogii| usake alAvA rUpa mile to acchA hI hai, aura agara na mile to usase kucha vizeSa hAni nhiiN| yaha bhI yAda rakhanA cAhie ki rUpakA Adara to byAhake bAda kucha dinataka hI rahatA hai, guNahIkA Adara sadA hotA hai| rUpake sambandhameM aura eka bAta hai| atyanta rUpa, guNake dvArA saMzodhita na hone para, sarvatra vAMchanIya nahIM hai / saundaryagarvita asaMyata-pravRtti-saMpanna nara-nArI apane samAna surUpa pati yA patnI na pAnese pahale asantuSTa hote haiM, aura phira antako pralobhanameM par3akara unake kupathagAmI honekI yatheSTa AzaMkA hai| * ___ rUpakI apekSA guNakA adhika mUlya hai, aura guNakI ora kucha adhika dRSTi rakhanA donoM hI pakSoMkA Avazyaka kartavya hai| pAtrake yahA~ kucha dhana hai ki nahIM, aura strI-putra kanyA Adike bharaNa-poSa. NakA subhItA hai ki nahIM yaha dekhanA, kanyAkI mAtAhIkA kyoM, kanyAke pitAkA bhI mukhya kartavya hai| magara hA~, dhanake khayAlase nirguNa pAtrako kanyA denA kisIke lie bhI ucita nahIM hai| jo guNahIna hai, use dhanase bhI sukha nahIM milatA, aura usakA vaha dhana bahuta hI sahajameM naSTa ho jA sakatA hai| pAtrI-pakSake dhana hai yA nahIM, yaha dekhanekA vizeSa prayojana nahIM hai| ho to acchA hI hai, na ho to kucha harja nahIM / satAkara dabAva DAlakara kanyApakSase dhana yA gahane vagairaha vasUla karanA bahuta hI nindita nIca kArya hai| pitA-mAtA snehake mAre hI kanyAko aura dAmAdako yathAzakti gahane vagairaha dene ke lie taiyAra rahate haiN| usase adhika lenekI ceSTA ziSTAcAraviruddha hai| yaha bAta sarvavAdisaMmata hai| isa bAtako sabhI loga kahA karate haiM, kintu duHkhakA viSaya yahI hai ki kAma par3aneke samaya unameMse adhikAMza loga isa bAtako bhUla jAte haiM / yaha kurIti zAstrake dvArA anumodita yA cirapracalita prathA nahIM hai| yaha Adhunika prathA hai| aura, jaba sabhI loga isa prathAkI nindA karate haiM, to AzA kI jAtI hai ki yaha dhIre dhIre uTha bhI jaaygii|

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha krm| __ pUrva pracalita kolInya (kulInatA) prathA aba kramazaH uThI jAtI hai, aura aba loga isI bAta para vizeSa lakSya rakhate haiM ki lar3akA acche gharAnekA aura acche guNoMse yukta hai ki nhiiN| ataeva kolInya prathAke bAremeM vizeSa kucha kahanekA prayojana nahIM hai| bahuvivAha ThIka nhiiN| pAtra yA pAtrIke-patnI yA patike jIte rahate usakA phira vivAha honA nindita hai| strIke lie to eka samayameM ekase adhika pati prAyaH sabhI dezoMmeM niSiddha hai| kevala sampradAya vizeSake bIca dAkSiNAtya aura tibbatameM isakA vyatikrama dekhA jAtA hai / puruSake lie eka samaya meM kaI patnI honA IsAI-dharmameM niSiddha hai / hinduoM aura musalamAnoMke zAstra meM vaha nipiddha nahIM hai| para nyAyase anucita haiM, lokavyavahArase nindita hai, aura kAryameM kramazaH uThA jAtA hai| aura, sukhakA viSaya yaha hai ki bahuvivAhake anucita honeke sambandhameM koI matabheda nahIM hai| ataeva isa gataprAya yA mRtaprAya prathAke viSayameM aura adhika kucha na kahakara ise cupacApa uTha jAne denese hI acchA hogaa| vivAhakA samAroha (dhUmadhAma ) / vivAhasambandhakI utpattike viSayameM antima bAta vivAhakA samAroha hai| vivAha mAnava-jIvanakA eka pradhAna saMskAra hai| isake dvArA hama apane sukhameM sukhI aura duHkhameM dukhI honevAlA jIvanakA cirasaMgI muka AdamI pAte haiN| isase svArthaparatAkA saMyama aura parArthaparatAkI zikSAkA prathama AraMbha hotA hai| yahI dAmpatya-prema, apatya-sneha aura pitR-mAta-bhaktikI jar3a hai| ataba vivAhake dinako mAnavajIvanakA eka ati pavitra aura AnandakA dina samajhanA cAhie, aura usa dinakA mAhAtmya samucita rUpase sabake hRdayaMgama karaneke lie vivAhakA utsava yathAsaMbhava samArohake sAtha saMpanna honA sarvathA vAMchanIya hai| kintu usa samArohameM asaMgata bahuta ADambara aura anathaka vyaya-bAhulya anucita hai| varakI pozAka, gahane aura savArI sundara aura sukhakara honI caahie| kintu varako purAnI sau janoMkI pahanI kirAyekI rAjasI pozAka pahanA kara, hilaDula rahe aura trAsajanaka Dole para biTA kara, eka tarahakA svA~ga sA banAkara le jAnA kabhI bAMchanIya nahIM !

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238 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga ___ ADambarake sambandhameM aura eka bAta hai| jo loga bahuta dhanADhya haiM, jinake bahutasA dhana kharca karanekI kSamatA hai, aura jinake anukaraNako asAdhya jAnakara loga usameM pravRtta nahIM hote, ve yathAyogya ADaMbarake sAtha kArya kareM; usase kisIkI bhI kSati nahIM hai| kintu jinakI vaisI hAlata nahIM hai, jo binA klezake thor3AsA hI dhana kharca kara sakate haiM, unheM Adhika vyaya karake ADambarake sAtha kArya karanA kabhI ucita nahIM hai| kAraNa, pahale to unakA usa taraha kharca karanA khuda unake lie kSatikara hai, kyoMki unake pAsa itanA dhana nahIM hai ki ve rupayeko pAnIkI taraha bahA skeN| dUsare, unakA vaisA kAma karanA auroMke lie aniSTakara hai| kAraNa, unakA kharca dekhakara unake samAna zreNIke athaca unakI apekSA kama haisiyatake loga utanA hI kharca karanA cAhate haiM, aura kaSTa uTAkara bhI unake barAbara kharca karate haiN| agara utanA kharca nahIM kara sakate, to mana-hI-mana aura bhI kaSTa pAte haiN| vivAhakA utsava atipavitra dharmakArya hai| usameM nAcanevAliyoM yA vezyAoMke nRtya-gIta yA naTa-naTI Adike abhinaya ityAdi kisI apavitra Amoda-pramodakA honA sarvathA anucita aura hAnikara bhI hai| vivAha-sambandhakA sthitikAla aura krtvytaa| vivAhasambandhakA sthitikAla pati aura patnIkI jindagI bhara hai| usa samayameM svAmIkA kartavya strIkA Adara aura sammAna karanA, aura upadeza tathA apane dRSTAntake dvArA suzikSA denA hai| strI jo hai vaha jIvanake sukhaduHkhakI cirasaMginI hai, ati AdarakI vastu hai / vaha kevala vilAsakI cIja nahIM hai, sammAna pAnekI adhikAriNI hai| manu bhagavAn kahate haiM: yatra nAryastu pUjyante ramante tatra devatAH / yatraitAstu na pUjyante sarvAstatrAphalAH kriyAH // ( manu a0 3 / zlo0 56) arthAt jahA~ nAriyoMkA Adara hotA hai vahA~ devatA santuSTa hokara nivAsa karate haiM / jahA~ striyoMkA anAdara hotA hai vahA~ saba karma niSphala hote haiN|

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha karma / strIko zikSA denA / svAmIkA sabase bar3A kartavya hai strIko zikSA denA / kAraNa, strIkI suzikSA aura saccaritrake Upara svAmIkA, khuda strIkA, unakI santAnakA aura sAre parivArakA sukha aura svacchandatA nirbhara hai / zarIrArddha smRtA jAyA puNyApuNyaphale samA / ( dAyabhAga 991919 ) 239 arthAt patnI patikA AdhA zarIra hai| zAstrameM likhA hai ki patike puNyapApakA AdhA phala use bhI milatA hai / aura, patnI ke pApa-puNyakA AdhA phala patiko milatA hai 1 yaha bRhaspatikA vacana kevala strIkA stutivAda nahIM hai, yaha amogha satya hai / strIke pApa-puNyakA phala svAmIko aura svAmIke pApa-puNyakA phala strIko bhoga karanA hotA hai / yaha sAdhAraNa jJAnakI bAta hai, aura ise prAyaH sabhI loga jAnate haiM / ataeva svAmI yadi khuda sukhI honA cAhe, to strIko zikSA denA usakA Avazyaka kartavya hai / vaha agara strIkI bhalAI cAhatA hai to strIko acchI zikSA denA usakA kartavya hai / strI agara suzikSita aura saccaritra nahIM huI to svAmI aparyApta vastra - alaMkAra dekara aura nirantara Adara - pyAra karake use sukhI nahIM kara sakegA / isake sivA santAnakI zikSA ke lie bhI strIke zikSita honekI AvazyakatA hai / koI koI samajha sakate haiM ki santAnako zikSA pitA degA, usake lie mAtAkI zikSAkA kyA prayojana hai ? magara aisA samajhanA bhrama haiM / hamArA yathArtha zikSaka, kamase kama caritragaThanake viSayameM, mAtA hI hai / hamArI zikSA, pAThazAlA meM jAneke bahuta pahale, mAtAkI hI goda meM zurU hotI hai / mAtAkA haraeka vAkya aura haraeka mukhabhaMgI hamAre bacapana ke komala hRdayameM sadAke lie naye naye bhAva aMkita kara detI hai / aura jJAta yA ajJAtabhAvase mAtAkI prakRtike anusAra hI hamArI prakRtikA gaThana hotA hai| isake sivA svAmI ke samagra parivArakA sukha strIke caritrake Upara nirbhara hai / vaha pahale gharakI bahU aura phira kucha iinake bAda gharakI mAlakina yA purakhina hotI hai / usIkI gRha karma-niputA aura sabase milakara calaneke kauzalase gRhasthakA kalyANa hotA hai /

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jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga strIkI zikSA kevala vidyAkI zikSA yA kevala zilpakI zikSA nahIM hai| ye zikSAe~ use de sako to acchA hI hai, lekina strIke lie ati Avazyaka zikSA karmakI aura dharmakI zikSA hai| vaha zikSA dene ke lie svAmIko khuda karmiSTha aura dharmiSTha bananA hogA, aura maukhika upadeza tathA AcaraNase vaha zikSA denI hogii| AcaraNake binA kevala jabAnI upadeza saMpUrNa rUpase kArya karanevAle nahIM hoNge| strIko sukhI rakhanA, para vilAsapriya na banane denA / strIko bharasaka sukha aura svacchandatAse rakhanA svAmIkA avazya-kartavya hai| kintu kSamatA rahane para bhI, strIko vilAsapriya na banAnA usIke tulya kartavya hai / svAmI agara sacamuca strIkA zubhacintaka hai to use cAhie ki strIko kabhI vilAsapriya na hone de| saMsAra kaThora karmakSetra hai| yahA~ vilAsapriya bananese kartavyapAlanameM vighna par3atA hai aura jisa sukhake lie vilAsa-lAlasA kI jAtI hai vaha bhI nahIM miltaa| yaha bAta pahale bahuta hI kar3avI jAna par3a sakatI hai| koI koI sajana apane manameM soca sakate haiM ki jaba strI sahadharmiNI bhI hai aura AnandadAyinI bhI hai, taba vaha agara bIca bIcameM kucha-kucha Amoda-pramodake dvArA svAmIko Anandita na karake nirantara kartavya-pAlanake lie kaThora bhAva yA udAsInatA dhAraNa kiye rahe, to phira saMsAra eka asahya sthAna ho jaaygaa| kintu isa tarahakI AzaMkAkA koI kAraNa nahIM hai / samaya samaya para AlhAda-Amoda karaneke lie strIke lie kyoM, svAmIke lie bhI koI niSedha nahIM hai| magara AlhAda-Amoda karanA aura vilAsapriya honA eka hI bAta nahIM hai| AnandalAbhake lie hI loga vilAsakI khoja karate haiM, kintu usase yathArtha Ananda nahIM hotA / kAraNa, eka to vilAsakI cIjeM lAnemeM yA jamA karanemeM kaSTa uThAnA par3atA hai, kharca karanA par3atA hai| dUsare, una cIjoMko jamA karalene para bhI, unase tRpti nahIM hotii| dina-dina naI-naI bhogavAsanA utpanna hotI haiM, aura una bhogavAsanAoMkI tRpti honA kramazaH , kaThina ho uTatA hai, aura unakI tRpti na honese hI kleza hotA hai| tIsare, vilAsakI ora mana jAnese kramazaH zramasAdhya kartavyakarma karane meM anicchA ho jAtI hai| cauthe, manakI dRr3hatAkA hrAsa hotA hai, aura kisI avazya ho

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha karma / nahAra azubha ghaTanAke hone para use sahanekI zakti nahIM rhtii| isI kAraNa vilAsapriyatA niSiddha hai, aura jisase yathArtha AnandakI prApti ho usIkI khojameM tatpara rahanA kartavya hai| bilAni, pariNAmameM kumvadAyinI hone para bhI, pahale sukhakAriNI aura hRdayagrAhiNI hotI hai, aura udhara saMyamakI zikSA, Avazyaka hone para bhI, pahale kucha kaSTa denevAlI hotI hai| kintu kucha socakara dekhanese, aura bilAsI aura saMyamI donoMko sukha-duHkhakA jamA-kharca karake dekhanese, isameM saMdeha nahIM ki mukhakA bhAga saMyamIke hI hisse meM adhika pdd'egaa| kAraNa, yadyapi pahale saMyamIko kucha adhika kaSTa jAna par3egA, kintu abhyAsake dvArA kramazaH usa kaSTakA -hAsa ho AtA hai, aura apane kartavyapAlanameM saMsAra-saMgrAmameM jaya pAne yogya balakA saMcaya honese jo Ananda hotA hai vaha dina-dina bar3hatA rahatA hai| usa manuSyakA mana kramazaH aisA sabala aura dRr3ha ho uThatA hai ki vaha phira koI azubha ghaTanA hone para vicalita nahIM hotaa| jo svAmI strIke caritrako isa taraha saMgaThita kara sakatA hai, vahI bhAgyazAlI hai aura usIkI strI yathArthama bhAgyavatI hai| svAmIke prati strIkA prema aura bhakti / ___ svAmIke prati strIkA akRtrima prema aura avicalita bhakti rahanI caahie| yahI strIkA kartavya hai| strIse akRtrima prema pAnekI abhilASA sabhIko hotI hai| magara bahuta logoMke matameM strIpurupakA sambandha jaisA barAbarIkA sambandha hai, use dekhate jAna par3atA hai ki ekake prati dUsarekI bhakti unako saMgata na jAna pdd'egii| kintu yaha pati-bhakti kisI anudAra prAcya matakI bAta nahIM hai| udAra pAzcAtya kavi milTanane mAnavajananI ibake mukhase svAmIke prati ye bAteM kahalAI haiM___"Izvara tumhArI vidhi hai, tuma mere ho, tumhArI AjJAke sivA meM aura kucha nahIM jaaneNgii| yahI merA zreSTha jJAna hai, yahI merA gaurava hai|" (1) (1) "God is thy law, thou mine; to know no more Is woman's happiest knowledge aud Ler praise. Paradise Lost, BK, IV. jJA0-16

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jJAna aura karma / [dvitIya bhA __ svAmIkI icchAke anugAmI hokara calanA svIkA kartavya hai; aisA : honepara donoMkA ekatra rahanA asaMbhava hai| aisI AzA nahIM kI jA sakarta ki donoMkI icchA sabhI bAtoMmeM ThIka eka-sI hogii| ataeva unameMse eva dUsarekI icchAkA anugAmI na hogA to vivAda honA anivArya hai / airsa jagahapara, donoM pakSoMkI avasthA para dRSTi rakhanese yahI saMgata jAna jar3atA hai ki strI hI svAmIkI icchAke anugata hokara cale / strIkI apekSA puruSaka zarIra sabala aura mana prabala hai, isa khayAlase maiM yaha bAta nahIM kahatA strIkI apekSA puruSake zarIrameM bala avazya adhika hai, kintu isI lie puruSakA strIke Upara prabhutva karanA, kAryataH anivArya hone para bhI, nyAyakI dRSTi se kartavya nahIM ha / puruSake manakA bala strIkI apekSA adhika ho, to puruSakI pradhAnatA nyAyasaMgata ho sakatI hai| kintu usa adhikatAke sambandhameM aneka loga sandeha karate haiM, usa sandehako miTAnA kaThina hai aura isa jagaha para niSprayojana bhI hai| yahA~para yahIM taka kahanA yatheSTa hogA ki prAkRtika niyamake anusAra strIko garbhadhAraNa aura santAnapAlanake lie bIca bIca meM kucha dinake vAste akSama rahanA hotA hai| puruSa sabhI samaya karma-kSama rahate haiN| ataeva kamase kama isI kAraNase pArivArika kAryoM meM puruSako pradhAnatA denekI AvazyakatA hai| manamAne taurase Ane-jAneke sambandhameM puruSakI apekSA strIko kama svAdhInatA hai, isa bAre meM aneka kAraNoMse strIko svAmIkI hI rAya para calanA caahie| unameMse eka pradhAna kAraNa yaha hai ki aneka sthaloMmeM strIke hitAhitako svAmI hI acchI taraha samajha sakatA hai| yaha svAdhInatAkI viSamatA yathAsaMbhava sImAke bhItara rahe to kisI pakSakA aniSTa nahIM karatI, balki sabhIkA hita karatI hai| strI aura puruSa donoM hI agara svAdhInatAke sAtha bAhara bAhara ghUmate raheM to gharake kAmakAja yatnapUrvaka dekhe sune nahIM jA sakate / agara kAmakAjakA baTavArA kiyA jAya, to bAharake kAmoMkA bhAra svAmIke Upara aura gharake kAmoMkA bhAra strIke Upara rahanA hI yathocita vyavasthA hai| strIko aniSTase bacAneke lie use antaHpurameM ekadama baMda kara rakhanA jaise anyAya hai vaise hI niSphala bhI hai| manujIne yathArtha hI kahA hai arakSitA gRhe ruddhAH puruSairAptakAribhiH /

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha krm| 243 AtmAnamAtmanA yAstu rakSeyustAH surakSitAH // (manu a0 1, zlo0 12) arthAt marda jina auratoMko gharameM baMda karake rakhate haiM unheM arakSita hI samajhanA cAhie / jo samajhadAra striyA~ Apa apanI rakSA karatI haiM ve hI vAstavameM surakSita haiN| dharmakArya (jaise tIrthayAtrA, devadarzana Adi) aura gRhakArya ( vivAhAdi utsava aura atithi AdikI sevA ) meM hindUke gharakI striyAM sabake sAmane nikala sakatI haiM aura nikalatI haiM, usake lie koI niSedha nahIM hai / hA~. Amoda-pramodake lie ve sabake sAmane nahIM nikalatIM, aura isa prathAko bilkula anyAya bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ! Amoda-pramoda AtmIya svajanoMke sAmane hI bhalA lagatA hai| jisa-tisake Age aura jahA~-tahA~ amoda-pramoda karanA, strIke lie hI kyoM, purupake lie bhI niSiddha hai| usase cittakI dhIratA naSTa hotI hai, caMcalatA AtI hai, aura laba pravRttiyA~ asaMyata ho uThatI haiN| vivAhasambandhakA todd'naa| aba vivAhasambandhakA viccheda kisa avasthAmeM ho sakatA hai, yA vaha kabhI honA cAhie yA nahIM, isa praznakI kucha AlocanA kI jaaygii| socakara dekhe binA pahale jAna par3a sakatA hai ki donoM pakSAMkI sammatike anusAra isa sambandhake vicchinna honemeM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| kintu kucha socakara dekhanese samajha par3egA ki isa tarahake gurutara sambandhakA viccheda usa tarahase honA kisI taraha nyAyasaMgata nahIM ho sktaa| agara isa taraha vivAhasambandha vicchinna hogA to durnivAra indriyoMkI saMyata tRpti, santAna utpanna karanA aura pAlanA, dAmpatya-prema aura apatya-snehase kramazaH svArthaparatAkA tyAga aura parArthaparatAkA abhyAsa Adi jo vivAha-saMskArake uddezya haiM ve pUre na ho sakeMge-una para pAnI phira jAyagA / kAraNa, jaba cAho taba vivAhasambandhakA viccheda ho sakanepara prakArAntarase yatheccha indriyatapti prazraya pAvegI; janaka-jananIkA vivAhabandhana vicchinna honepara bacce jo haiM ve pAlanake samaya pitAke, yA mAtAke, aura kabhI donoM hIke Adara-yatnase vaJcita hoMge; dAMpatyaprema aura apatyasneha pazu-pakSiyoMkI apekSA manuSyoMmeM

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244 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga adhika hai-yaha kaha kara gaurava-garva karanekA adhikAra nahIM rahegA; svArthaparatAke tyAga aura parArthaparatAke abhyAsakI jagaha usake viparIta zikSA prApta hogii| yadyapi pAzcAtyanItivettA benthama sAhaba (1) kI rAyameM donoM pakSoMkI svecchAse vivAhabandhana vicchinna ho jAnA ucita hai, kintu usa matakI anuyAyinI prathA sabhyasamAjameM kahIM bhI pracalita nahIM huii| aneka logoMkA yaha mata hai ki kevala pati-patnIkI icchAse na ho, upayukta kAraNase vivAhabandhana vicchinna ho sakanA ucita hai| aneka sabhyasamAjoMkI pracalita prathA isI matake anusAra saMsthApita huI hai| kintu yaha mata aura yaha prathA ucca AdarzakI nahIM jAna par3atI / saca hai ki pati-patnI donoMkA paraspara vyavahAra agara burA ho, to una donoMkA ekasAtha rahanA atyanta kaSTakara hotA hai| lekina jahA~ ve jAnate haiM ki aisI avasthAmeM hama vivAha-bandhanase chuTakArA pA sakate haiM, vahA~ usa chuTakArA pAnekI icchAhIse bahuta kucha vaise bure vyavahArako uttejanA milane lagatI hai| magara jahA~ unheM mAlUma hai ki vaha bandhana avicchedya hai, vahA~ unakA vaha jJAna hI unake paraspara kuvyavahArako bahuta kucha kama kiye rahatA hai| hindUsamAja hI mere isa kathanakA pramANa hai / maiM yaha nahIM kahatA ki hindUsamAjameM vivAhabandhanakA viccheda na ho sakanake kAraNa strI-puruSa ke bIca gurutara vivAda hotA hI nhiiN| kintu honepara bhI vaha itane kama sthaloMmeM, aura aise DhaMgase, hotA hai ki usake kAraNa samAjakI sthitimeM kucha vizeSa vinna nahIM hotA, aura abhI taka koI yaha nahIM socatA ki vivAha-bandhana-vicchedakI vidhi banAnekI jarUrata hai| jisa jagaha eka pakSake sAtha dUsare pakSakA vyavahAra atyanta nindita aura kalupita hai, usa jagaha bahuta loga aisA samajha sakate haiM ki jisa pakSake sAtha nindita vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai usa pakSakA vivAhabandhanase chuTakArA pAnA atyanta prayojanIya hai| jo vyakti khuda nirdoSa hai, kevala dUsarake doSase kaSTa pAtA hai, usake lie avazya hI saba loga duHkhita ho sakate haiM, aura usakA duHkha dUra karaneke lie ceSTA kara sakate haiM kintu vivAhabandhanase chuTa (1) Bentham's Theory of Legislation, Principles of the Civil Code, Part lll Ch. V. Sec 11. dekho|

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha karma / kArA pAkara use jo zAnti aura sukha milegA vaha jIvanasaMgrAmameM vijaya pAnevAlekI sukha-zAnti nahIM hai, vaha usa saMgrAmameM azaka hokara bhAgakara jo chuTakArA milatA hai usake sivA aura kucha nahIM ho sakatA / ataeva vivAhabandhana-viccheda niHpake lie sukhakara yA gauravajanaka nahIM hai| udhara usake dvArA dopI pakSakI avasthA atyanta zocanIya ho jAtI hai| pApake bojhase dabA huA AdamI puNyAtmAke sAtha milakara rahanese kisI taraha kaSTase sAthIkI sahAyatAse navasAgarake pAra jAnemeM samartha bhI ho sakatA hai, kintu jo usakA sAthI use bIcameM chor3a de to akele usake pAra honekA upAya nahIM raha jaataa| jisake sAtha sadA ekatra rahanekA aura sukhaduHkhameM samabhAgI honekA aMgIkAra karake vivAhakI gA~Tha baMdhI thI, use aisI zocanIya avasthAmeM tyAga karanA bar3I hI niThurAIkA kAma hai / yaha saca hai ki praNayameM pratAraNAkI yantraNA bahuta tIvra hotI hai, yaha saca hai ki pApakA saMsarga atibhayAnaka hai| kintu jinhoMne paraspara eka dUsarako sumArga, rakhanekA bhAra apane apane sirapara liyA thA, unameMse eka AdamI agara kumArgame jAya, to dUsarekA use chor3akara nizcinta honA ucita nahIM hai| balki usakA doSa dUra karanekI upayukta ceSTA nahIM huI, yaha socakara saMtapta honA aura usa dopako kucha-kucha apane karmakA phala samajhanA hI ucita hai| pArthiva prema pratidAna ( badale ) kI AkAMkSA rakhatA hai / kintu jise praNaya kahate haiM, vaha svargIya padArtha, niSkAma aura pavitra hai / vaha pApake sparzase apane kaluSita honekA bhaya nahIM rakhatA, balki sUryakiraNoMkI taraha apane pavitra tejase apavitrako pavitra kara letA hai| pavitrapremakA amRtarasa itanA gAr3hA aura madhura hai ki vaha pratihiMsA-doSa Adi kar3ave-tIkhe rasoMko apanI madhuratAmeM ekadama DubA de sakatA hai| dAmpatyapremakA Adarza bhI isI tarahakA honA cAhie / eka pakSase pavitra premakI amRtadhArA nirantara barasatI rahanese, dUsarA pakSa cAhe jitanA nIrasa ho use AI honA hI par3egA, vaha cAhe jitanA kaTu ho use madhura honA hI par3egA, vaha cAhe jitanA kalupita ho use pavitra honA hI pdd'egaa| ye saba bAteM kAlpanika nahIM haiN| sabhI dezoma dAmpatyapremakA yahI madhumaya pavitra phala phalatA rahatA hai, aura aneka logoMne aneka sthAnoM meM usake ujjvala dRSTAnta dekhe haiN| bhAratameM, hindusamAjameM aura

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246 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga cAhe jitane doSa hoM, saba doSoMke rahate bhI dAmpatyapremake ucca Adarzane hI hindU-parivArako isa samaya bhI sukhakA ghara banA rakkhA hai, aura usIne a. bataka isa samAjameM kisIko vivAhabandhanake vicchedakI prayojanIyatAkA anubhava nahIM karane diyaa| ataeva upayukta kAraNase vivAhabandhana vicchedakI prathA aneka dazoMmeM pracalita rahane para bhI vaha ucca Adarza nahIM hai| eka pakSakI mRtyuse vivAhakA bandhana TUTa jAnA ucita hai, yA nahIM, yaha vivAhake viSayakA aMtima prazna hai| mRtyuse vivAhakA bandhana TUTa jAtA hai, yaha mata prAyaH sarvatra pracalita hai| kevala pAjiTivisTa ( Positivist) saMpradAyameM (1) aura hindUzAstra meM usakA anumodana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi hindUzAstrake matameM eka strIke marane para svAmI dUsarA byAha kara sakatA hai, kintu usase pahalI strIke sAtha jo sambandha thA usakA chUTa jAnA nahIM sUcita hotA / kAraNa, pahalI strIke maujUda rahane para bhI hindU svAmI dUsarA vyAha kara sakatA hai| kintu purupake lie bahuvivAha niSiddha na hone para bhI hindUzAstrane usakA samAdara nahIM kiyA hai (2) / strIke lie jaise patikI mRtyuke bAda anya patiko grahaNa karanA anucita hai, vaise hI svAmIke lie bhI strIkI mRtyuke bAda anya strIko grahaNa karanA anucita hai yh| prasiddha vidvAn kAmTI ( Comte ) kA mata hai, aura isameM sandeha nahIM ki yaha mata vivAhake ucca AdarzakA anugAmI hai| lekina usa ucca Adarzake anusAra janasAdhAraNake cala sakanekI AzA aba bhI nahIM kI jAsakatI / prAyaH sabhI dazoMmeM isake viparIta rIta pracalita hai; aura hindUsamAjameM usa ucca AdazakI anuyAyinI prathA jahA~taka pracalita hai, vaha strIkI apekSA puruSake adhika anukUla honeke pakSapAta-dopake kAraNa, anya samAjake loga aura hindUsamAjake antargata riphArmara (saMskAraka) loga usako AdarakI dRSTise nahIM dekhate, balki use ati anyAya kahakara usakI nindA karate haiN| (3) Comte's System of Positive Polity, . Vol. II, ch. III, P. 157 dekho| (2) Colebrooke's Digest of Hindu Law, Bk. IV, 51, 53, Manu III, 12, 13, dekho|

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha karma / cira vaidhavya vidhavA-jIvanakA uccAdarza hai| kintu yaha yAda rakhanA cAhie ki yadi dezake Adheke lagabhaga AdamI kisI ucca AdarzakI anuyAyinI prathAkA pAlana karate haiM, to zeSa Adhe loga usakA pAlana na karanese khuda nindanIya hoMge / cira-vaidhavya agara ucca AdarzakI prathA hai, to yaha kaha kara ki puruSa loga patnIviyogake bAda anya vivAha kara lete haiM, vaha prathA uThA denA kartavya nahIM hai| balki samAjasaMskArakoMko yahI ucita hai ki marda loga bhI jisase usI ucca Adarzake anusAra cala sakeM vaha yatna kareM / ataeva mUla prazna yaha hai ki puruSa cAhe jo kareM, striyoMke jIvanakA ucca Adarza ciravaidhavyapAlana hai ki nahIM? ___ isa praznakA ThIka uttara deneke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vivAhake uddezyoMpara dRSTi rakkhI jaay| vivAhakA pahalA uddezya avazya yahI hai ki saMyata bhAvase indriya-tRpti, santAna utpanna karanA aura unakA pAlana poSaNa karanA / kintu vivAhakA eka yahI uddezya nahIM hai, aura na isako zreSTha uddezya hI kaha sakate haiN| vivAekA dUsarA aura zreSTha uddezya hai dAmpatyaprema aura apatya snehase kramazaH cittakI pravRttiyoMkA vikAsa, usake dvArA manuSyakI svArthaparatAkA kSaya, parArthaparatAkA vRddhi Ara adhyAtmika unnati prApta krnaa| agara pUrvokta pahalA uddezya hI vivAhavA ekamAtra uddezya hotA, to santAna paidA karaneke pahale pativiyoga ho jAnepara dUsare patiko grahaNa karane meM vizeSa dopa na rahatA / magara hA~, santAna paidA karane ke bAda dvitIya pati grahaNa karanese usa santAnake pAlana-popaNameM bAdhA par3atI, ataeva usa avasthAmeM cira vaidhavya, kevala ucca Adarza kyoM, prayojanIya bhI hotaa| kintu vivAhake dUsare uddezya para dRSTi rakhanese ciravaidhavyapAlanake hI ucca Adarza hone meM koI sandeha nahIM raha jaataa| jisa pati-premakA vikAsa kramazaH patnIkI svArthaparatAke kSaya aura AdhyA. tmika unnatikA kAraNa hogA, vaha agara patike abhAvameM lupta ho jAya, aura agara patnI apane sukhake lie usa pati-premako anya patimeM sthApita kare, to phira svArthaparatAkA kSaya kyA huA? isake uttarameM kabhI kabhI vidhavAvivAhake anukUla pakSake mukhase yaha bAta suna par3atI hai ki " jo loga vidhavAvivAhakA niSedha karate haiM ve vivAhako kevala indriyatRptike lie Ava.

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248 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga zyaka samajhate haiM, aura vivAhake ucca Adarzako bhUla jAte haiM / vAstavameM vidhavAkA phira vivAha karanA kevala indriya-tRptike lie kartavya nahIM hai, vaha patiprema, apatyasneha Adi saba ucca vRttiyoMke vikAsake lie kartavya hai|" una logoMkA yaha kathana bezaka vicitra hI hai| vidhavAvivAhakA niSedha vidhavAkI AdhyAtmika unnatimeM bAdhA DAlanevAlA hai, aura vidhavAvivAhakI vidhi usa unnatike sAdhanakA upAya hai, yaha bAta kahA~taka saMgata hai, dekhanA cAhie / patiprema jo hai vaha eka sAtha hI sukhakA Akara aura svArthaparatAke kSayakA upAya hai / kintu use vaiSayika bhAvase sukhakI khAna samajhA kara adhika Adara karanese usake dvArA svArthaparatAke kSayakI arthAt AdhyAtmika bhAvake vikAsakI saMbhAvanA bahuta hI thor3I hai| vidhavAke AdhyAtmika bhAvase patipremake anuzIlanake lie dUsare patiko grahaNa karanA niSprayojana hai, aura balki usa patipremake anuzIlanameM bAdhA DAlanavAlA hai| usa vidhavAne prathama pA.. pAneke sa.. usIko patipremakA pUrNa AdhAra samajhakara use AtmasamarpaNa kiyA thA, ataevaM usakI mRtyuke bAda, smRti-mandirameM sthApita usakI mUrtiko jIvita rakhakara, usIke prati premako avicalita rakhasakanase. vahI vijArohA / aura AdhyAtmika unnatikA sAdhana hogaa| usa premakI zrItadAna avshyhaa| vaha nahIM paavegii| kintu ucca AdarzakA prema pratidAna cAhatA bhI nhiiN| pakSAntarameM vidhavA yadi dUsare patise vyAha kara legI, to avazya hI usake patipremake anuzIlanameM bhArI saMkaTa Apar3egA / jisa prathama patiko patipre. makA pUrNa AdhAra jAnakara AtmasamarpaNa kiyA thA, use bhUlanA hogA, usakI hRdayameM aMkita mUrtiko vahA~se nikAla denA hogA, aura use jo prema arpaNa kiyA thA vaha usase pherakara anya pAtrako sauMpanA hogaa| ye saba kArya AdhyAtmika unnatike sAdhanameM bhArI bAdhA DAlanevAle honeke sivA usake lie upayogI kabhI nahIM ho skte| yaha saca hai ki mRta patikI mUrtikA dhyAna karake usake prati prema aura bhaktiko avicalita rakhanA ati kaThina kArya hai, kintu asAdhya yA asukhakara nahIM hai, aura hindU vidhavAkA pavitra jIvana hI usakA prazasta pramANa hai, jo ki bahutAyatase dekhaneko mila sakatA hai| maiM yaha nahIM kahatA ki sabhI vidhavAe~ ciravaidhavyapAlanameM

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha karma / samartha ho sakatI haiM, yA haiM / jo asamartha haiM unake lie dekhane-sunanevAloMkA hRdaya avazya hI vyathita hotA hai| agara ve dUsarA pati grahaNa kara leM to unheM maiM mAnavI hI kahU~gA, kintu jo vidhavAe~ ciravaidhavyakA pAlana karanemeM samartha haiM unheM devI kahanA hogA, aura avazya unhIMke jIvanako vidhavAke jIvanakA ucca Adarza kahanA cAhie / 42 vidhavAvivAhakI prathAke anukUla aura pratikUla yuktiyA~ | ciravaidhavyako ucca Adarza svIkAra karake bhI aneka loga kahate haiM ki vaha ucca Adarza sarvasAdhAraNa vidhavAoM ke lie anusaraNa yogya nahIM hai-- sarvasAdhAraNa vidhavAoMke lie vidhavAvivAhakA pracalita honA hI ucita " hai / isa sambandhameM jo anukUla yuktiyA~ haiM unhIMkI pahale kucha AlocanA kI jAyagI / isa AlocanAke pahale hI kucha bAteM spaSTa karake kaha denA ucita hai | vidhavAvivAha ke bAremeM abataka jo kucha maiMne kahA hai vaha hindUzAstra kI bAta nahIM hai, sAmAnya yuktikI bAta hai / yaha kaha denA bhI Avazyaka hai ki aba bhI Age jo kucha AlocanA karUMgA vaha kevala yuktimUlaka AlocanA hogI, hindUzAstramUlaka AlocanA na hogI / sutarAM yahA~para yaha prazna nahIM uThatA ki vidhavAvivAha kabhI honA ucita hai ki nahIM / vizvaidhavyapAlana ucca Adarza honepara bhI yaha bAta nahIM socI jA sakatI ki usa Adarzaka anusAra sabhI striyA~ cala sakeMgI yA cala sakatI haiN| yaha avazya hI svIkAra karanA hogA ki durbaladehadhAriNI mAnavI ke lie prathama avasthAmeM vaidhavya kaSTakara hai / vaha kaSTa kabhI kabhI, jaise bAlavaidhavyakI hAlata meM, marmavidAraka hotA hai, aura vidhavA kaSTale sabhIke hRdayako vyathA phuNcegii| jo vidhavAe~ AdhyAtmika balake prabhAvase usa kaSTako kAtara hue vinA saha kara dharmavrata meM apanA jIvana arpaNa kara sakatI haiM, unakA kArya avazya hI prazaMsanIya haiM jo vidhavA aisA karanemeM asamartha haiM unakA kArya prazaMsanIya na hone para bhI unakI nindA karanA ucita nahIM hai / kAraNa, hama loga avasthAke adhIhamAre doSa-guNa saMsargale utpanna huA karate haiM / pitA-mAtAke nikaTase jaisA zarIra aura mana ( prakRti ) hamane pAyA hai, aura zikSA, dRSTAMta va nitya AhAra-vyavahArake dvArA vaha zarIra aura mana jaisA gaThita huA hai, usIke 1

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jJAna aura karma / [ dvitIya bhAga Upara hamAre saba kArya nirbhara haiM / ataeva agara koI vidhavA ciravaidhavya ke pAlana meM asamartha ho, to usakI usa asamarthatAkI jimmedArI kevala usIke Upara nahIM hai / usakI jimmedArI usake mAtA-pitAke Upara, use zikSA denevAloM ke Upara, aura usake samAjake Upara bhI hai / vaha icchA kare to avazya hI vivAha kara sakatI hai, usameM bAdhA DAlanekA adhikAra kisIko nahIM hai / aura vaha vivAha, hindUzAstra cAhe jo kahe, svargIya IzvaracaMdra vidyAsAgara mahAzayake udyogase pAsa hue san 1856 ke 15 veM AInake anusAra siddha hai / ataeva prayojana honepara, vidhavAvivAha ucita hai ki nahIM yaha prazna, anya samAjakI to koI bAta hI nahIM, hindUsamAjameM bhI aba uTha nahIM sakatA / aba prazna yaha hai ki vidhavAvivAhakA sarvatra pracalita prathA honA, aura ciravaidhavyapAlanake ucca Adarza hone para bhI usakA vidhavAvi vAhaprathAke vyatikramasvarUpase rahanA ucita hai, yA ciravaidhavyapAlanakA hI sarvatra pracalita prathA honA aura vidhavAvivAhakA ciravaidhavyapAlanake vyatikramasvarUpase rahanA ucita hai ? arthAt ciravaidhavyapAlana mukhya prathA aura vidha - vAvivAha gauNa prathA ho, yA vidhavAvivAha mukhya prathA aura ciravaidhavyapAlana gauNa prathA ho ? isa praznakA ThIka uttara kyA hai, isIkI aba vivecanA karanI hai / 250 1 jina saba dezoMmeM vidhavAvivAhakI prathA pracalita hai, vahA~ isake uTha jAnekI koI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai / prasiddha pAzcAtya paNDita kAsTI ( Comte ) bahuta dina hue, ciravaidhavyapAlanakI zreSThatAkA pratipAdana kara gaye haiM / kintu unake usa kathanase ukta pAzcAtyaprathAmeM koI parivartana nahIM huA magara hA~, isa samaya pAzcAtyadezakI striyA~ apanI svAdhInatA sthApita karaneke lie jaisA dRDhavrata dhAraNa kiye kamara kasa kara maidAna meM khar3I huI haiM, usase jAna par3atA hai, vidhAvAe~ hI kyoM, kumAriyA~ bhI dhIre dhIre vivAhabandhanameM baMdhane meM anicchA prakaTa karane lageMgI / aura, vaisA honepara zAyada unake usa dRDhavratakA eka phala yaha hogA ki pAzcAtya dezoM meM bhI pavitra ciravaidhavyakA ucca Adarza sthApita ho sakegA / kintu ye saba bahuta dUrakI bAteM haiM / isa samaya nikaTakI bAta yaha hai ki hindUsamAjameM jo ciravaidhavyaprathA pracalita hai usakA uTha jAnA ucita hai ki nahIM ?

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha karma / 251 isa prathAke pratikUla jo yuktiyA~ peza kI jAtI haiM ve nIce likhI jAtI haiN| pahale to yaha kahA jAtA hai ki isa prathAkA phala striyoM aura puruSoMke prati ati visadRza hai| arthAt puruSa strIke marane para phira vyAha kara sakate haiM, aura striyA~ puruSake maranepara phira vyAha nahIM kara sktiiN| isa ApattikA ullekha aura kucha AlocanA pahale ho cukI hai| puruSa strIviyogake bAda phira byAha karate haiM, isIlie striyA~ bhI marda ke marane para phira vyAha kareMgI, yaha eka asaMgata pratihiMsA hai ! svAbhAvika niyamake anusAra strI-purupake adhikArameM viSamatA anivArya hai / santAna paidA karane aura pAlanemeM prakRtine hI puruSakI apekSA strIpara adhika bhAra rakha diyA hai / bhrUNakA nivAsasthAna mAtAke garbha meM hai, baccekA AhAra mAtAkI chAtImeM hai| strIkI garbhAvasthA yA santAnakI zaizavAvasthA meM patikI mRtyu honepara dUsare patike grahaNameM avazya hI vilaMba karanA hogaa| usake bAda ye saba zArIrika bAteM chor3a dekara mana aura AtmAkI bAta dekhane meM bhI strI aura puruSake adhikArakI viSamatA avazya hI rhegii| aura, yaha bAta maiM purupakA pakSapAtI hokara nahIM, strIkA pakSapAtI hokara hI kahatA hU~ / puruSakI icchAse yA anicchAse saMsArayAtrAke nirvAhake lie aneka avasaroMpara kaThora aura niSThura karma karane hote haiM, aura isake kAraNa usakA zarIra aura mana niSThura ho jAtA hai, jisase AtmAke pUrNa vikAsameM bAdhA par3atI hai| strIko yaha kucha nahIM karanA par3atA / isIse usakA hRdaya aura mana komala rahatA hai| isake sivA svabhAvase hI (jAna par3atA hai, sRSTikI rakSAke lie) strIkI mati sthitizIla aura nivRttimArgamukhI hotI hai| strIkI sahanazIlatA, svArthatyAgakI zakti aura parArthaparatA puruSakI apekSA bahuta Adhika hotI hai / ataeva usake lie svArthatyAgakA niyama agara puruSase sambandha rakhanevAle niyamakI apekSA kaThinatara huA ho, to samajhanA cAhie ki vaha usakA pAlana karanemeM samartha hai, isIse aisA huA hai / vaha niyamakI viSamatA unake gauravahIkA kAraNa hai, lAghavakA nhiiN| isI kAraNa isa jagaha unakI pratihiMsAko maiMne asaMgata batalAyA hai| jo loga striyoMke isa asaMgata pratihiMsAko lie protsAhita yA uttejita karate haiM unheM unakA yathArtha mitra yA hitacintaka kahane meM sandeha hotA hai|

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252 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga cira-vaidhavya-prathAke viruddha dUsarI Apatti yaha hai ki vaha atinirdaya prathA hai-vaha vidhavAoMkI duHsaha vaidhavya-yantraNA para dRSTipAta bhI nahIM krtii| vidhavAkI zArIrika avasthA para najara DAlI jAya to avazya hI svIkAra karanA par3egA ki yaha ApattiM atyanta prabala hai| aise dayAhIna hRdaya thor3e hI nikaleMge jo vidhavAoMke zArIrika kaSTake lie vyathA na pAte hoN| kintu socanA cAhie, manuSya kevala dehadhArI hI nahIM hai / manupyake mana aura AtmA bhI hai, jo ki zarIrakI apekSA adhika mUlyavAn aura adhika prabala hai-deharakSAke lie kaI eka abhAva (kamI) avazya pUraNIya haiM, kintu mana aura AtmAke Upara dehakI prabhutAkI apekSA dehake Upara manakA aura AtmAka adhikAra adhikatara vAMchanIya hai| dehakA kucha kaSTa svIkAra karanese agara mana aura AtmAkI unnati hotI ho to usa kaSTako kaSTa hI nahIM samajhana cAhie / dehakA kaSTa svIkAra karake buddhike dvArA pravRttikA zAsana karanA aura Age honevAle adhikaM sukhake lie vartamAnake alpasukhake lobhako dabAna ye hI do guNa aise haiM jinake kAraNa manuSyajAti pazuoMse zreSTha samajhI jAta hai, aura usakI uttarottara kramonnati huI hai| pazu bhUkha lagane paH apane-parAyekA vicAra na karake jo sAmane pAtA hai vahI khA jAtA hai asabhya manuSya bhI prayojana hone para apane parAyekA vicAra na karake nikara jisa prayojanIya vastuko pAtA hai usIko le letA hai / kintu sabhra manuSya hajAra prayojana hone para bhI parasvake apaharaNase parAGmukha rahatA hai, arthAt parAI cIjako nahIM chUtA / vidhavA agara kucha daihika kA svIkAra karake ciravaidhavyapAlanake dvArA adhikatara apanI AtmAkI unnati aura parAyA hita karane meM samartha ho, to usakA vaha kaSTa kaSTa hI nahIM hai, au jo loga use vaha kaSTa svIkAra karanekA upadeza dete haiM ve usake mitra hI haiM zatru nhiiN| ciravaidhavyapAlana karanemeM anyAnya satkamaukI taraha usake liA bhI zikSA aura saMyamakI AvazyakatA hai| vidhavAkA AhAra vyavahAra saMyara brahmacaryake lie upayukta ( sAtvika ) honA Avazyaka hai| machalI-mAMsa A zArIrika vRttiyoMko uttejita karanevAle AhAra, aura veSabhUSA vilAsa vibhrara Adi mAnasika pravRttiyoMko uttejanA denevAle vyavahAra tyAga kiye vina ciravaidhavyakA pAlana kaThina hai| isI kAraNa vidhavAke lie brahmacayarka

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha karma / ww.a vyavasthA hai| yaha ThIka hai ki brahmacarya-pAlanameM indriyatAlikA AhAra vihArAdi kucha daihika sukhabhoga avazya chor3ane par3ate haiM, kintu usake badale meM usase zarIra nIroga sabala sustha hotA hai, aura mAnasika skRti aura sahanazIlatA utpanna hotI hai, jisake phalase vizuddha sthAyI sukha prApta hotA hai| ataeva brahmacarya, pahale kaTora jAna par3ane para bhI, vAstava meM ciramukhakA Akara hai| binA samajhe bujhe adUradarzI loga brahmacaryakI nindA karate haiM, aura binA jAne hI bhAratakI vyavasthApaka sabhAke eka manasvI meMbarane, vidhavAvivAha-AIna vidhibaddha honeke samaya, hindUvidhavAke brahmacaryapAlanako bhayaMkara batalAyA thaa| isa sambandhameM aura eka kaThina bAta hai| vidhavA kanyA yA puna vadhUse brahmacaryapAlana karAnA ho, to usake nA-bAra yA sAsasasurako bhI vaise hI brahmacarya-pAlana karanA caahie| kintu vaha unake lie pahale asukhakara hone para bhI pariNAmameM zubhakara hai, aura unakI kanyA yA putravadhuke ciravaidhavyapAlanajanita puNyakA phala kahA jAsakatA hai| brahmacaryapAlanameM dIkSita vidhavA apane sustha savala zarIrake dvArA taraha tarahake acche kAma karanekA dRddha vrata dhAraNa kara sakatI hai| jaise-parijanavargakI suzrRpA parivArake baccoMkA lAlana-pAlana aura rogiyoMkI sevA-Tahala tathA davA-pAnI denA, dharmacarcA, svayaM zikSA prApta karanA aura parivArakI anya striyoMko yathAsaMbhava zikSA denA / isa prakAra vidhavAkA parahitameM lagA huA jIvana, tIvra kintu duHkhamizrita viSaya-sukhameM nahIM, prazAnta nirmala AdhyAtmika sukhameM, bIta jAtA hai| yaha kalpanAkA asaMbhava citra nahIM hai| aise zAntimaya jyotirmaya pavitra citrane isa samaya bhI bhAratake aneka gharoMko apanI divya jyotise ujjvala kara rakkhA hai| merI ayogya jar3a lohekI lekhanI usake yathArtha saundaryako aGkita karanemeM asamartha hai| jisa prathAkA phala khuda vidhavAke lie aura usake AtmIya-parijanavargaka lie pariNAmameM itanA zubhakara hai, usa prathAko AraMbhameM kaThora dekhakara nirdaya kahanA ucita nahIM hai| ciravaidhavyaprathAke pratikUla tIsarI Apatti yaha hai ki isa prathAke aneka kuphala haiM, jaise- gupta vyabhicAra aura garbhapAta / yaha nahIM kahA jAsakatA ki isa tarahake kuphala kabhI kahIM phalate hI nhiiN| kintu unakI saMkhyA kitanI hai? do-eka jagaha aisA huA hai, yA hotA hai, isI lie ciravaidhavya pAlanakI

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jJAna aura krm| [ dvitIya bhAga prathA nindanIya nahIM ThaharAI jaasktii| vidhavAoM meM hI kyoM, sadhavAoM meM hI kyA vyabhicAra nahIM hai ? kintu isa apriya viSayako lekara isa samaya adhika bAta kahanA niSprayojana hai / kAraNa, aba vidhavAkA vivAha sarakArIAinake anusAra siddha hai, aura jo vidhavA ciravaidhavyapAlanameM asamartha hai vaha icchA kare to vivAha kara sakatI hai| usake lie prathAparivartatakA prayojana nahIM hai| ciravaidhavyaprathAke viruddha cauthI aura zAyada aMtima Apatti yaha hai ki vaha prathA jabataka pracalita rahegI, tabataka vidhavAe~ icchAnusAra apanA vyAha karanekA sAhasa nahIM kareMgI; kAraNa, pracalita prathAke viruddha kArya karanemeM sabhIko saMkoca hotA hai, aura vaisA kArya janasamAjameM nindita athavA atyanta anAdRta hotA hai / ataeva Andolanake dvArA logoMkA mata badalakara, jisameM yaha ciravaidhavyapAlanakI prathA uTha jAya vahI karanA samAjasaMskArakoMkA kartavya hai| jAna par3atA hai isI lie vidhavAvivAha AInake dvArA siddha hone para bhI, aura usameM bAdhA DAlanekA kisIko adhikAra na rahane para bhI, vidhavAvivAhake anukUla pakSavAle loga ciravaidhavyaprathAko uThA deneke lie itanA yatna kara rahe haiM / yadyapi ve saba,athavA unameMse adhikAMza loga svIkAra karate haiM ki apanI icchAse ciravaidhavyapAlana ucca Adarza hai, tathApi ve cAhate haiM ki usa ucca AdarzakA pAlana prathA na hokara prathAke vyatikrama svarUpase rahe, aura vidhavAvivAha hI pracalita prathA ho| java icchA karanehIse binA kisI bAdhAke vidhavAkA vivAha hosakatA hai, phira ve kyoM svIkRta ucca AdarzakI anuyAyinI ciravaidhavyapAlanakI prathAko uThA dekara vidhavAvivAhakI prathAko pracalita karanA cAhate haiM, yaha ThIka samajhameM nahIM aataa| ve cirakaumAravratakI bahuta bahuta prazaMsA karate haiM, lekina ciravaidhavyaprathAko uThA deneke lie kamara kase hue haiM, yaha eka vicitra bAta jAna par3atI hai| yadi yaha prathA prayojana yA icchAke mAphika vidhavAvivAhake lie bAdhAjanaka hotI, to ise uThA denekI ceSTAkA yatheSTa kAraNa hotaa| kintu samAjabandhana itanA zithila hai aura samAjakI zakti itanI thor3I hai ki samAjakI prathA kisIkI bhI icchAkI gatimeM rukAvaTa nahIM DAla sktii| hA~, yaha avazya svIkAra karanA hogA ki yadyapi ciravaidhavyapAlanakI prathA, vidhavA agara byAha karanekI icchA kare to usameM bAdhA nahIM DAla sakatI, kintu vidhavAke manameM vaha icchA paidA karane meM

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha krm| 255 avazya rukAvaTa DAlatI hai| aura, isI kAraNase, yadyapi vidhavAvivAhakA AIna pAsa hue AdhI zatAbdIse bhI adhika samaya bIta gayA hai, to bhI abataka sAdhAraNataH hindUvidhavAke manameM vivAhake lie pahalekI sI anicchA banI huI hai, usameM koI parivartana nahIM huA / to phira asala bAta yaha siddha hotI hai ki hindUvidhavAoMkI vyAhake lie jo paramparAgata anicchA hai use dUra karake vidhavAvivAhake lie pravRtti paidA karanA hI samAjasaMskArakoMkA uddezya hai| usase vidhavAoMko kucha kucha kSaNabhaMgura aihika sukha ho sakatA hai, kintu usake dvArA na to unheM koI sthAyI sukha prApta hogA, aura na samAjahIkA koI vizeSa kalyANa hogA / pakSAntarameM, pahale hI dikhAyA jA cukA hai ki ciravaidhavyake pAlanameM vidhavAoMko nirmala pavitra sthAyI sukha milatA hai, aura samAjakI bhI bahuta kucha malAI aura upakAra hotA hai| AtmasaMyama, svAthatyAga, parArthaparAyaNatA Adi ucca guNoMke vikAsase hama anyAnya vipayoM meM manuSyakI kramonnatikA lakSaNa mAnate haiM, kintu vidhavAoMke vivAhake viSayameM kyoM usake viparIta DhaMga pakar3anA cAhate haiM, isakA kAraNa samajhanA kaThina hai| zAyada koI koI yaha samajha sakate haiM ki pAzcAtya dezoM meM vidhavAvivAhakI prathA pracalita hai, aura unhIM saba dezoMne vaiSayika unnati adhika kI hai, isI lie hamAre deza meM bhI vaha prathA pracalita honese hamArI bhI vaisI hI unnati ho skegii| pahale to yaha bAta yuktise siddha nahIM hai / bAlyavidhAhake sAtha dezakI avanatikA kAryakAraNa-sambandha rahanA saMbhava bhI hai, kintu visvaidhavyapAnalake sAtha dezakI avanatikA kyA sambandha hai, so kucha samajha meM nahIM AtA / agara yaha bAta ThIka hotI ki samAnama striyoMkI apekSA puruSoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai, aura vidhavAvivAha pracalita na honese puruSa avivAhita raha jAte haiM, tathA isI kAraNa dezake logoM kI saMkhyA samucita rUpase bar3hane nahIM pAtI, to bhI yaha bAta samajhameM A sakatI thii| kintu vAstavameM hamAre yahA~ purupoMkI apekSA striyoMkI saMkhyA adhika hai, ataeva vidhavAvivAhaprathA pracalita hone se usakA phala yaha hogA ki aneka kumAriyA~ vara nahIM pAveMgI / isI kAraNa yaha svIkAra kiye binA ki pAzcAtya dezoMkI sabhI rItiyoMkA A~kha mUMdakara anukaraNa karanA cAhie, vidhavAvivAha pracalita karanekI ceSTAkA aura koI kAraNa nahIM dekha pdd'taa|

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256 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga zItoSNamaya jar3a jagatmeM hama usIko sabalazarIra kahate haiM jo rogase pIr3ita na hokara binA klezake garmI-sadAko saha ske| vaise hI isa sukhaduHkhamaya saMsArameM usIko sabala manavAlA kahA jA sakatA hai jo samAna bhAvase sukhaduHkha donoMko bhoga sakatA ho, jisakA mana dukhameM udvigna na ho, aura jo sukhameM spRhAzUnya raha sake / nirantara sukha kisIko nahIM milatA, sabhIko duHkha bhoganA par3atA hai| ataeva vahI zikSA yathArtha zikSA hai, jisase zarIra aura manakA aisA saMgaThana ho ki duHkhakA bojha uThAnemeM koI kaSTa na ho| sukhakI, abhilASA karanI ho to usI sukhakI abhilASA cAhie jo kabhI ghaTe nahIM aura jisameM duHkhakI kAlimA na milI ho / patike na rahanepara dUsarA pati milanA saMbhava hai, lekina putra yA kanyAke mara jAne para usake abhAvakI pUrti kaise hogI ? jisa rAha para jAnese saba tarahake abhAvoMkI pUrti ho, arthAt abhAva abhAva hI na jAna par3e, vahI nivRtimukhamArga, preya na hone para bhI, zreya hai| usI mArga meM jo loga calate haiM, ve khuda sukhI haiM, aura apane ujjvala dRSTAntase anyake duHkhabhArako, ekadama bhale hI na utAra sakeM, kama avazya kara dete haiN| hindUvidhavAe~ brahmacarya aura saMyamase apane zarIra aura manakA saMzodhana karake usI nivRttimArgakA anusaraNa karatI haiN| unako usa sukhase phirAkara vipathameM calAnekI ceSTA karanA na to unhIMke lie acchA hai, aura na sarvasAdhAraNa samAjake lie hitakara hai / hindUvidhavAke duHsaha kaSTako smaraNa karake antaHkaraNa avazya atyanta vyathita hotA hai, kintu usakI alaukika kaSTasahiSNutA aura asAdhAraNa svArthatyAga para dRSTi DAlanese hRdaya ekasAtha hI vismaya aura bhaktise paripUrNa ho uThatA hai| hindUvidhavAe~ hI saMsArameM patipremakI parAkASTA dikhA rahI haiN| unake ujjvala citrane hI aneka duHkha aura andhakArase paripUrNa hindUke gharako prakAzita kara rakkhA hai| unakA prakAzamAna dRSTAnta hI hindU naranAriyoMkI jIvanayAtrAkA pathapradarzaka ho rahA hai / hindUvidhavAkA niSkAma pavitra jIvana pRthvIkA eka durlabha padArtha hai| Izvara kare, vaha pRthvIparase kabhI vilupta na ho| hindUvidhavAke ciravaidhavyakI prathA hindUsamAjakA devImandira hai| hindUsamAjameM saMskArake lie aneka sthAna haiM, saMskArakoMke lie aura bahutase kAma par3e hue haiN|

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha karma / 257 banAkara saMgaThita karanA pdd'egaa| kintu ve vilAsabhavana banAneke lie ullikhita devImandirako na tor3eM, yahI unase merA vinIta nivedana hai|| _ maiMne Upara thor3I avasthAke vivAhake anukUla kaI bAteM kahI haiM, aura yahA~ para bhI ciravaidhavyapAlana prathAke anukUla aneka bAteM kahI haiM, isase koI mahAzaya mujhe samAjasaMskArakA virodhI na samajha leN| maiM yathArtha saMskArakA virodhI nahIM huuN| maiM jAnatA hU~ ki samaya samaya para samAjameM parivartana huA karate haiM; samAja kabhI jar3abhAvase sthira nahIM raha sktaa| maiM vizvAsa karatA hU~ ki yaha jagat nirantara gatizIla hai, aura vaha gati, bIca bIcameM vyatikrama hone para bhI, antako unnatimukhI huA karatI hai| merI atyanta icchA hai ki samAjasaMskArakA lakSya saccI unnati ( arthAt AdhyAtmika unnati ) kI ora avicalita rhe| aura isIse, koI kucha bhI kahe, maiMne samAjasaMskAraka sajjanoMse itanI bAteM kahI haiN| (2) putra-kanyAke sambandha krtvytaa| putra-kanyAke prati pahalA kartavya unheM isa taraha pAlanA-posanA hai ki ve sustha aura sabala zarIra bana sakeM / isameM kucha kharcakI jarUrata hai; parantu yadi hama vRthA bar3e AdamiyoMkA cAla-calana na pakar3eM to adhika kharca nahIM par3a sktaa| bacceke AhArake lie mAtAkA dUdha atyanta Avazyaka hai| usake bAda acchA vizuddha gajakA dUdha bhI caahie| dhIre dhIre lar3akI-lar3akoMke kucha bar3e hone para anna (roTI-dAla-bhAta-pUrI Adi) diyA jA sakatA hai| magara aba vaha samaya A lagA hai ki acchA ghI durlabha ho rahA hai, isa lie ghIkI pakI cIjeM adhika na khilAnA hI ucita jAna par3atA hai| bacceke kapar3oMko sadA sApha rakhanA eka bahuta jarUrI bAta hai| sapheda sUtake kapar3e hI acche hote haiN| unheM dhonA sahaja hai, aura dhonese unakA raGga nahIM bigdd'taa| rezamI, UnI yA lAla raMgake kapar3oMkA utanA prayojana nahIM hai| baccekI zayyAmeM mala-mUtra laganekI saMbhAvanA hai, isa kAraNa vaha aisI honI cAhie ki sadA dhoI jA sake aura bIca bIcameM ekadama chor3a dI jA ske| usameM gaddI yA tozaka na rahanI caahie| kAraNa, unheM haraghar3I dho nahIM jJA0-17

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258 jJAna aura karma / [ dvitIya bhAga sakate, aura unake bhItara ruImeM mUtra Adi praveza karane para vaha vaisA hI raha jAtA hai, sApha nahIM hotA / sunA hai, navAba loga nitya naI tozakakA istemAla karate the / jo loga base dhanADhya haiM aura baccekI pagar3I para nitya naI tozaka DAla sakate haiM, ve hI bacceko tozaka para sulAnekI icchA kreN| lekina merI samajhameM vaisI icchA karanA aura isa taraha vRthA dhana kharca karanA unheM bhI ucita nahIM hai| dhana pAsa rahane para bhI use vRthA naSTa karanA niSiddha hai / dhanake aneka prayojanIya vyavahAra haiM, unameM use kharca karanA cAhie / isake sivA bacce ke lie bilkula hI komala zayyA utanI upayogI nahIM hotI, kucha kaThina zayyA hI upakAra karatI hai / kAraNa, usameM sonese baccekI ror3ha (merudaNDa ) sIdhI hotI hai, aura zarIra sugaTita hotA hai / dAsa-dAsiyoMpara bharosA nahIM rakhanA cAhie / 1 santAna - pAlana aura gharake kAmoMkI dekha-rekha ina donoM kAmoMko anyakI sahAyatA ke binA acchItaraha saMpanna karanA aneka jagaha pitA-mAtAke lie asaMbhava hotA hai aura isIlie dAsa-dAsI AdikA prayojana hotA hai / kintu suniyamake sAtha calane se kaI dAsa-dAsiyoMkA prayojana nahIM hotA, thor3e meM hI kAma calatA hai / kintu baccoM ke pAlanakA bhAra dAsa-dAsIke Upara chor3akara nizcinta honA pitA aura mAtAkA kartavya nahIM hai / eka to, dAsadAsI jo haiM ve dhanake lie kucha dinoMke vAste kAma karate haiM aura pitAmAtA jo haiM ve snehavaza hokara bacce ke pariNAmako soca samajhakara kAma karate haiM / ataeva dAsa-dAsiyoM ke kartavyaparAyaNa hone para bhI unakA yatna janaka- jananIyanakI apekSA avazya hI kama hogaa| dAsa-dAsIko zizupAlanameM yatna na karate dekhakara jaba pitA-mAtA nArAja hote haiM, taba unheM yaha yAda rakhanA cAhie ki ve agara apatyasnehake rahane para bhI dUsaroMke Upara zizupAlanakA bhAra chor3akara khuda usameM zithila prayatna ho sakate haiM, to kevala tanakhvAha ke lie jo loga kAma karate haiM unakA yatna zithila honA kucha vicitra nahIM / dUsare, jila zreNIke logoMmeMse dAsa-dAsI pAye jAte haiM unakI buddhivivecanA prAyaH velI adhika nahIM hotI / ataeva zizupAlana meM pitA-mAtAkI dekha-rekha honekI atyanta AvazyakatA hai| tIsare, mAtA-pitA svayaM sarvadA santAnakA pAlana yA santAnapA unakI dekha-rekha karate haiM, to santAna ke hRdaya meM bhI unake

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha karma / prati anurAga bar3hatA rahatA hai| saca hai ki mAtA-pitAkA sneha svabhAvasiddha huA karatA hai, kintu avasthA bhedase usameM kamI bezI bhI ho jAtI hai| ucca prakRtikI bAta maiM nahIM kahatA, kintu sarvasAdhAraNa ke lie saMsArameM sabhI viSaya lenadenake niyama ke adhIna haiM, aura putra-kanyAkI bhakti tathA pitA-mAtAkA sneha bhI usa niyamake bAhara nahIM hai| logoMkI aibhAva dekhakara jaba koI kSobhake sAtha kahate haiM ki " isa samayake lar3ake kalikAlake lar3ake Tahare, kahA~ taka acche hoMge, " taba maiM mana hI mana kahatA hU~isa samaya ke mAtA-pitA kyA kalikAlake mAtA-pitA nahIM haiM ? ve aura kitane adhikakI AzA karate haiM ? " mAtA yA pitA agara santAnako vacapanameM dAsa-dAsIkI dekharekha meM rakhakara nizcinta hote haiM, to unakI vaha santAna agara unheM bur3hApe meM naukaroMke jimme rakhakara unakI sevAse nizcinta ho jAya, to isameM vicitra kyA hai ? 46 roga cikitsA aura sevA / putra-kanyA ke pIr3ita hone para yathocita cikitsA aura sevA Avazyaka hai / isa bAremeM apatyasneha hI yatheSTa uttejaka aura pathapradarzaka hai / ataeva isa jagaha para adhika kucha kahane kI jarUrata nahIM hai| hA~, jina do-eka bAtoMko lekara logoMko sahaja hI bhrama ho sakatA hai, kevala unhIMkA ullekha karU~gA / bahuta jagaha pahale roga ati sAmAnya bhAva dhAraNa karatA hai, lekina pIche gurutara ho uThatA hai / isa kAraNa rogako sAdhAraNa samajhakara kabhI usakI upekSA nahIM karanI caahie| pahalese hI yathAzakti acche cikitsakako dikhAnA aura usakI vyavasthAke anusAra calanA munAsiva hai ( 1 ); kintu ghabarAkara akAraNa adhika oSadhakA prayoga bhI ucita nahIM hai| ekatarapha jaise rogake AraMbha se hI satarkatAkA prayojana hai, dUsarI tarapha vaise hI rogake acchI taraha ArAma na honetaka satarka rahanA bhI Avazyaka hai / 259 na kisa roga meM kisa cikitsakako dikhAyeM, yaha gRhastha ke lie atikaThina prazna hai / cikitsA meM kharca hotA hai, aura sabhI loga sarvazreSTha cikitsakako rogI dikhA nahIM sakate | jitanI haisiyata aura suvidhA hotI hai, usIke ( 1 ) isa sambandhameM carakasaMhitAkA gyArahavA~ adhyAya dekhanA cAhie /

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anusAra cikitsaka bhI bulAyA jAtA hai| isake sivA vaidyakI, hakImakI DAkTarakI, elopaithI, homiyopaithI Adi aneka prakArakI cikitsAe~ haiN| kisa prakArakI cikitsA karAI jAya, yaha bhI atikaThina samasyA hai| jo roga upasthita ho, usake AsapAsake dasa AdamI kaisI cikitsA karAte haiM aura usa cikitsAkA phala kaisA hotA hai, yaha saba dekha sunakara kArya karanA hI acchI yukti hai| kAraNa, jisa tarahakI cikitsAle eka AdamIko lAbha huA hai, usase nikaTastha aura eka AdamIke vaise hI rogakA zAnta honA bahuta kucha saMbhava hai| gRhasthake lie yaha bhI eka atigurutara prazna hai ki pIr3A bar3hane para, aura jo cikitsA cala rahI hai usase koI phala na hone para, cikitsakako yA cikitsA-praNAlIko badala denA kartavya hai ki nhiiN| cikitsaka loga aksara parivartanake virodhI hI hote haiN| kintu gRhastha utanA sthira hokara raha nahIM sakate / vijJa cikitsaka mahAzayoMko gRhasthakI vaha AsthiratA kSamA karanI caahie| cikitsakake badalanemeM bahutasI asuvidhAe~ haiN| jo pahalahIse dekha rahA hai vaha jitanA rogakI gatiko jAna cukA hai, bAdako jo dekhegA, usakA utanA rogakI gatiko jAnanA kabhI saMbhava nhiiN| athaca do cikitsakoMko dikhAnA bhI sabake lie sAdhya nahIM hotaa| jisake kSamatA hai, usakA kartavya hai ki dUsare cikitsakako agara bulAve to pahalese jo cikitsaka dekha rahA hai use bhI sAtha rkkhe| cikitsAke sambandhameM aura eka bAta hai| jahA~ do tIna cikitsaka eka sAtha davA karate haiM, vahA~ ve ApasameM salAha karate samaya jo kucha bAtacIta karate haiM vaha rogIke abhibhAvakoMko nahIM jAnane dete / rogI una saba bAtoMko sunakara adhika cintita ho sakatA hai aura usakI vaha duzcintA rogakI zAnti meM bAdhA bhI DAla sakatI hai| kintu abhibhAvakake bAremeM yaha AzaMkA nahIM hai| isa lie cikitsaka mahAzayoMkA. kartavya hai ki ve saba bAteM spaSTarUpase abhibhAvakoMko batA deN| agara unameM matabheda ho, to vaha bAta bhI rogIke abhibhAvakako batA denA ucita hai| aisA honese abhibhAvaka bhI apane kartavyako upayukta rUpase ThIka kara skeNge| vakIla bairisTara logoMse jo koI mavakkila salAha lene jAtA hai usase ve loga apanA matAmata nahIM chipA rakhate / phira samajhameM nahIM AtA ki ciki

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha karma / 261 tsaka loga kyoM rogIke abhibhAvakoMse bhI apanI salAha chipA rakhate haiN| aisA na karanA hI acchA hai| santAnakI zikSA / ___ pA~ca varSakI avasthA taka santAnakA lAlana-pAlana hI karanA ucita hai| usake bAda unakI zikSA zurU kara denI cAhie / cANakya likhate haiM lAlayet paMcavarSANi dazavarSANi tAr3ayet / prApte tu Sor3aze varSe putre mitravadAcaret // __ arthAt pA~ca varSa taka lAlana-pAlana aura dasa varSataka tAr3anA ucita hai| isake bAda jaba putrakI avasthA pUrI solaha varSakI ho jAya taba usake sAtha mitrakA aisA vyavahAra karanA caahie| moTe taura para yaha nIti yuktisiddha bhI hai| pA~ca varSakI avasthA taka pradhAna rUpase isI para dRSTi rakhanI cAhiye ki baccekA zarIra sugaThita aura sabala ho| parantu merI samajhameM yaha salAha ThIka nahIM hai ki usa avasthAmeM bacceko bilkula hI zikSA na do, yA jarA bhI zAsana na kro| hA~, usa samaya aisI koI zikSA mata do jisameM bAlakako kleza yA zrama jAna pdd'e| chaH se lekara paMdraha varSakI avasthAtaka bAlakako zAsana ( dabAva ) meM rakkho, arthAt usakI vidyAzikSA aura caritragaThana para hI vizeSa dRSTi rakkho / hA~, yaha kahanA bhI saMgata nahIM ki usa samaya usakA lAlana-pAlana karo hI nhiiN| aura, yaha bAta bhI ThIka nahIM hai ki solaha varSakI avasthA hote hI phira putrako zikSA mata do| hA~, usa samayase phira zAsanake DhaMgase zikSA mata do, mitrakI taraha upadezake dvArA zikSA do / kevala putrahIko zikSA denA kartavya nahIM hai, kanyAko bhI zikSA denI caahie| magara hA~, zikSA jaba jIvanayAtrAkI pU~jI mAnI gaI hai taba jise jisa DhaMgase apanA jIvana bitAnA hogA use usIke upayogI zikSA milanI cAhie, yaha bAta yAda rakhakara putra aura kanyAkI zikSAkA prabaMdha karanA kartavya hai| zikSA tIna tarahakI hotI hai zArIrika, mAnasika, AdhyAtmika / __ putra-kanyAkI zikSAke sambandhameM smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki zikSAkA artha kevala vidyA-zikSA hI nahIM hai| apara kahA gayA hai ki zikSA jIvanayAtrAkI

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jJAna aura krm| [ dvitIya bhAga pU~jI hai| jIvanayAtrAko bahuta acchI taraha nibAhanake lie jo Ayojana (taiyAriyA~) Avazyaka haiM una sabakA ekamAtra upAya zikSA hI hai| zarIra, mana aura AtmA, ye tInoM pahale apUrNa rahate haiM, aura ina tInoMko pUrNa banAnA Avazyaka hai| isa lie zArIrika, mAnasika aura AdhyAtmika, tInoM tarahakI zikSA denI caahie| inakI AvazyakatAke tAratamya (nyUnAdhikatA) ke anusAra inameMse haraeka tarahakI zikSAke lie yatna karanA pitA-mAtAkA kartavya hai| zarIrakI rakSA sabase pahale Avazyaka hai| ataeva zarIrarakSAke lie jo zikSA Avazyaka hai usake lie sabase pahale yatna karanA caahie| isake sivA kasarata AdikA utanA prayojana nahIM hai| mana jo hai vaha zarIrakI apekSA zreSTha hai, aura mAnasika zikSA sabhIke lie Avazyaka hai| isa lie zarIrarakSAke lie upayogI zikSA deneke bAda hI mAnasika zikSAke lie yatna karanA ucita hai / AtmA sarvopari hai, aura AtmAkI unnati atyanta Ava. zyaka hai / isalie zarIrarakSAke vAste upayogI zikSAke sAthasAtha kucha AdhyAtmika zikSA bhI sabhIke lie prayojanIya hai| ___ putrakanyAke zarIra-pAlanakA bhAra bhRtyake Upara dekara nizcinta honA jaise pitA-mAtAke lie akartavya hai, vaise hI santAnake mana aura caritrake gaThanakA bhAra zikSakake Upara chor3a kara nizcinta honA bhI unakA kartavya nahIM hai / yaha saca hai ki zikSaka jo hai vaha bhRtyakI apekSA bahuta ucca zreNIkA AdamI hai, aura bahuta jagaha zikSA-kAryameM pitA-mAtAkI apekSA adhikatara yogya hotA hai| kintu to bhI, usase pitA-mAtAkI jimmedArI kama nahIM hotii| vidyAzikSAke sambandhameM, agara pitA-mAtA par3he-likhe nahIM haiM, to zikSakake Upara bharosA karanA hI par3egA-aisI avasthAmeM usakA honA anivArya hai / magara vaisI avasthAmeM bhI, santAnakI kaisI unnati ho rahI hai-vaha kaisA par3hatA-likhatA hai, isakI yathAzakti khabara rakhanA pitA-mAtAkA kartavya hai / kintu mana aura caritrake gaThanake sambandhameM judI bAta hai| putra-kanyAkA bhalA yA burA kisa bAtase hotA hai, yaha hitAhitakA jJAna, zikSakakI apekSA mA-bApako kama nahIM hotA, aura unake zAstralabdha jJAnakA abhAva rahane para bhI unakI sneha-prerita vyagra zubhacintakatA usa abhAvakI pUrti kara detI hai

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha karma / ----------morian koI koI kahate haiM, ki gharameM pitA-mAtAkI dekha-rekhameM rahanekI apekSA vidyAlayake chAtranivAsameM, zikSakakI dekharekhameM, rahanA caritragaTanake lie adhika upakAraka hai| kiMtu chAtrakI bahuta thor3I avasthAma vasA honA kisI taraha saMbhava nahIM hai / aura, kisI avasthAmeM bhI usake saMbhavayara hone meM sandehake lie bar3I guMjAiza hai| bahuta loga kahate haiM,prAcIna bhAratameM chAtroMka gurugRhanivAsakA bahuta acchA phala honeke bAremeM koI kucha sandeha nahIM karatA, to phira vartamAna samayameM zikSakoMke tattvAvadhAnameM boDiMgahAusameM rahanekA vaisA hI acchA phala kyoM nahIM hogA? kintu prAcIna bhArata meM jo gurugRhanivAsakI prathA thI usameM aura vartamAnakAlakI vidyAlayake antargata chAtrAlayameM rahanekI praNA. lImeM bahuta bar3A antara yaha hai ki usa samaya chAtra gurubhaktike badalemeM gurukA sneha aura unake gharameM rahanekI anumati prApta karate the, aura isa samaya chAtra dhanake badale meM chAtranivAsameM rahane pAte haiN| bhakti aura snehake paraspara vinimayake phalake sAtha dhana aura AhAra-nivAsa Adike vinimayakA phala kisI taraha tulanIya nahIM hai| apane gharameM rahanese jaisA cittavRttikA svAdhInabhAvase vikAsa aura saMsArayAtrAnivAhake lie upayogI zikSAkA lAbha hotA hai, vaha chAtrAlayameM rahanese kabhI nahIM ho sakatA / ataeva atyanta prayojana yA lAcArI hue binA, kevala apane nityakI dekharekhake parizramako bacAneke lie putra-kanyAko chAnanivAsameM rakhanA pitA-mAtAkA kartavya nahIM hai| zArIrika shikssaa| Upara kahA gayA hai ki zarIrarakSAke lie upayogI zikSA sabase pahale Avazyaka hai| usa zikSAke bhItara kucha vyAyAma ( kasarata) bhI A jAtA hai, kintu kevala vyAyAma hI vaha zikSA nahIM hai| kucha eka zArIrika niyamoMkA sthUlatattva, aura usake laMghanake kuphala, batA denA hI usa zikSAkA pradhAna aMga hai| ye saba bAteM putra-kanyAke manameM acchItaraha biThA denI cAhie ki AhAra kevala rasanAkI tRptike lie nahIM kiyA jAtA, vaha dehakI rakSA aura puSTi ke lie Avazyaka hai, ataeva bhojanake padArtha kevala mukharocaka honese hI kAma nahIM calegA, ve nirdoSa aura puSTikara hone cAhie, aura nidrA tathA vizrAma kevala ArAmake lie nahIM, svAsthyake lie Avazyaka hai, aura isI lie vaha yathAsamaya aura ucita mAtrAmeM hI honA caahie| Upara

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264 jJAna aura karma / [ dvitIya bhAga likhI bAtoMkA ThIka ThIka pAlana kara sakanese atibhojana, Alasya aura unase honevAle taraha tarahake rogoM aura kaSToMse santAna bacI rahegI / zArIrika zikSA sambandhameM aura eka kaThina bAta hai / javAnIke prAraMbha meM jo indriya ati prabalabhAva dhAraNa karatI hai, usakI tRptike lie aneka jagaha yuvaka loga avaidha upAyoMko kAmameM lAte haiM, aura usakA phala atIva aniTakara hotA hai / usa aniSTako rokaneke lie pitAmAtAkA kyA kartavya hai ? isa bAremeM spaSTa upadeza denemeM kevala lajjA aura ziSTAcArakI hI bAdhA nahIM hai, satyukti bhI usakA virodha karatI hai / kAraNa, usa bAremeM upadeza denese jina saba bAtoMkA ullekha karanA hotA hai ve bhI kucha kucha cittako vicalita aura indriyatRptikI pravRttiko uttejita kara sakatI haiM / isa gurutara aniSTako rokane ke do hI upAya jAna par3ate haiM / eka to yuvakoMko par3haneke lie sAdhAraNa dehattattvaviSayaka sarala aura saMkSipta graMtha denA hai| isa tarahake grantha agara yuvakoMke vidyAlayakI pAThyapustakoM meM rakkhe jAsakeM to aura bhI acchA ho / eka hI indriyake sambandha meM khAsa upadeza sunanese, athavA koI khAsa graMtha yA graMthakA aMza par3hanese, usa indriyakI ora manake AkRSTa honekI jaisI azaMkA rahatI hai, vaisI AzaMkA sAdhAraNa dehatattvaviSayaka graMtha par3hanese, athavA vidyAlayakA pAThyaviSaya samajhakara usa graMthako par3hanese, nahIM rahatI / aura, vaise graMtha meM agara indri - yakI avaidhatRptikA kuphala sAdhAraNa bhAvase varNana kiyA gayA ho, to use par3hanA lajjAkara yA anya kisItaraha bAdhAjanaka nahIM jAna par3atA / dUsare, yuvakoMko eka ora kasaratameM, dUsarI ora par3hane-likhane meM aura anyAnya aise hI kAmoMmeM isa taraha lagA rakhanA cAhie ki ve loga avaidha indriyatRptike viSayako socaneke lie samaya hI na pAveM / sAtha hI unheM indriyatRptikI pravRttiko uttejanA denevAlA koI nATaka - upanyAsa Adi graMtha par3hane denA, athavA vaisA hI nRtya abhinaya Adi dekhaneke lie jAne denA bhI ucita nahIM hai| yuvakoMke lie vilAsitAkA varjana aura kucha kaThora hone para bhI brahmacaryavratadhAraNa sarvathA vidheya aura zreyaskara hai / mAnasikazikSA ke bAremeM, isa pustakake prathama bhAga meM, 6 jJAnalAbhake upAya' zIrSaka adhyAya meM, jo kucha kahA jA cukA hai, usase adhika aura kucha yahA~para kahanekA prayojana nahIM hai /

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha karma / AdhyAtmika zikSA nItizikSA / AdhyAtmika zikSA ke do bhAga haiM-- nItizikSA aura dharmazikSA | nItizikSAkA prayojana honeke bAremeM koI matAmata nahIM hai--usase sabhI sahamata haiM / hA~ isa bAremeM matabheda hai ki vaha zikSA kisa praNAlIse denI cA hie| una saba matAmatoMkI AlocanA karanA yahA~kA aura isa samayakA uddezya nahIM hai / putra-kanyAkI nItizikSAke lie jaisA kAma karanA pitAmAtAkA kartavya jAna par3atA hai, usake sambandhakI do cAra moTI moTI bAteM saMkSepameM isa jagahapara likhI jAtI haiM / 1 265 putra-kanyAkI nItizikSA ke lie pitA-mAtAkA prathama kartavya yaha hai ki ve isa tarahase apanA jIvana bitAveM ki unakA dRSTAnta hI santAnako nItikI zikSA de | aisA hue vinA, unake yA anya kisI zikSakake maukhika upadezasekucha vizeSa kAma nahIM hotA / aneka sthaloMmeM, aneka kAraNoMse, antako putrakanyA apane pitA-mAtAkI apekSA bhale hote haiM, yA bure hote haiM / kintu prAyaH yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki ve pahale pitA-mAtAkI rIti-nItike anusAra hI calanA sIkhate haiM / aura, vaha rItinIti agara ucca AdarzakI huI, to unakI sunItizikSA sugama hotI hai / eka sAdhAraNa udAharaNa duuNgaa| kisI samaya eka gharameM eka lakar3IkA gaTThA lAnevAlA majUra AyA aura vaha jaba lakar3IkA gaTThA rakha cukA taba A~ganameM phala bhArase jhuke hue nIMbU ke per3ako dekhakara usane gharakI mAlakinase kahA - " mAlakina, isa per3ameM khUba phala lage haiN| maiM eka le lU~ ? 25 gharakI mAlakina bar3I hI dharmaparAyaNA thIM, unakA hRdaya bhI komala thA / kintu kisI kAraNase usa samaya unakA mana kharAba ho rahA thA / isIse unhoMne kucha kar3e svarameM kahA - " khUba ! phakIra AtA hai vaha bhI nIMbU mA~gatA hai, aura muTiyA-majUra AtA hai vaha bhI nIMbU mAgatA hai ! acchA nAkameM dama kara rakkhA hai ! " yaha uttara suna kara lakar3iyoMke paise lekara vaha majUra aura kucha kahe vinA duHkhita bhAvase calA gayA / kucha dera bAda gharakI mAlakinakA vaha bhAva jAtA rahA / taba unhoMne pachatAkara bahuta hI duHkhita ho kara kahA--" kyoM merI aisI kubuddhi huI ? kyoM maiMne bekAra usa garIbako jhir3aka diyA ? vaha agara eka nIMbU le hI letA to kyA hAni ho jAtI ? " usake bAda do-tIna dina taka lagAtAra ve yahI kahatI rahIM /

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jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga unhoMne apane bAlaka putrase kaI vAra pUchA ki jaba tU skUla jAtA hai taba rAhameM kyA vaha majadUra milatA hai ? agara vaha mile to usase kahanA, Akara nIMbU le jAya / " eka sAdhAraNa AdamIko eka kar3I bAta kahanese mAtAkI aisI Antarika vyathA aura vyagratA dekhakara usa bAlakake manameM avazya hI yaha dhruva-dhAraNA huI hogI ki kisIse bhI kaTu yA kaThora bAta na kahanI caahie| vaisI dhAraNA kabhI jAnekI nahIM, aura kevala upadezake dvArA jo nItikI zikSA dI jAtI hai usake dvArA aisI dhAraNA utpanna bhI nahIM ho sktii| isIke sAtha yaha bhI yAda rakhanA cAhie ki jaise anyake prati acchA vyavahAra karanA pitA-mAtAkA kartavya hai, vaise hI putrakanyAke sAtha bhI acchA vyavahAra karanA unakA kartavya hai| lar3akI-lar3akoMko mithyA bhaya yA mithyA-lobha dikhAkara kisI kAryameM pravRtta karanA kabhI ucita nahIM hai| aisA karanese mithyAvyavahArake Upara samucita azraddhA unake hRdayameM nahIM utpanna hotii| putra-kanyAko koI cIja deneke lie kahe to ThIka samaya para unheM vaha cIja de denI cAhie / nahIM to pitA-mAtAkI bAta para unakA dRr3ha vizvAsa nahIM rhegaa| dUsare, putra-kanyAkA koI doSa dekhakara tatkAla usakA saMzodhana karanA bhI pitA-mAtAkA kartavya hai| aisA na karanese unheM doSakI bAta karanekA abhyAsa ho jAtA hai, aura pIche usakA saMzodhana kaThina ho jAtA hai / jaise rogake prathama upakramameM hI usakI cikitsA karanA Avazyaka hotA hai, vaisA na karanese bAdako roga asAdhya ho uThatA hai, vaise hI doSakA bhI saMzodhana pahalehIse na kiyA gayA, to bAdako usakA saMzodhana duHsAdhya ho jAtA hai| magara tIvra tiraskArake sAtha doSake saMzodhanakI ceSTA karanA ucita nahIM hai| aisA kiyA jAyagA to doSI apane doSako chipAnekI ceSTA karegA, aura doSake saMzodhanako sukhakara nahIM samajhegA / snehake sAtha madhura upadezake vacanoM dvArA doSakA saMzodhana karanA kartavya hai, aura yaha samajhA denA Ava-- zyaka hai ki isa doSakA phala aisA azubha hai| aisA karanese putra yA kanyAke manameM yaha vizvAsa jama jAyagA ki isa doSake kAmako na karanA kevala pitAmAtAkI AjJA mAnanake lie Avazyaka nahIM hai, balki apane hitake lie bhI Avazyaka hai / aura, yaha vizvAsa hI anyAya kAryase nivRttiko baddhamUla karanekA pradhAna upAya hai|

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha krm| 267 ... ~~- Nuwar.vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv isIke sAtha yaha bhI yAda rakhanA hogA ki doSa hote hI usake saMzodhana dvArA kramazaH putra-kanyAko burA kAma na karane aura bhalA kAma karanekA abhyAsa ekabAra karA de sakanese vAdako ve usI abhyAsake phalase Apasa hI anAyAsa bure kAryase nivRtta aura bhale kAmameM pravRtta hoMge, usameM phira unheM adhika kaSTa nahIM hogaa| tIsare, kaI eka pradhAna pradhAna naitika viSayoMkA yathArtha bodha putra-kanyAko karA denA pitA-mAtAkA atyanta Avazyaka kartavya hai| bahuta jagaha loga jAna bUjhakara burA kAma nahIM karate, balki isa dhAraNAse ki maiM acchA kAma kara rahA hU~, burA kAma kara baiThate haiN| yaha kevala mUla naitika viSayakA yathArtha bodha na rahanekA phala hai| jinameM ukta prakArakI bhrAnta dhAraNA honA saMbhava hai, vaise viSayoMmeMse kucha ekakA varNana Age kiyA jAtA hai| -dehakI apekSA mana aura AtmA bar3A hai, yaha bAta bAlaka bAlikAoMko acchItaraha samajhA denA Avazyaka hai| isa bAtako sanajha lene para usake sAthahIsAtha yaha bhI hRdayaMgama ho jAyagA ki dehake sukhaduHkhakI apekSA mana yA AtmAke sukha-duHkhapara adhika dRSTi rakhanI caahie| uttama AhAra aura uttama pozAkase dehako sukha avazya hotA hai, lekina usake lie adhika yatna karanese, vidyA-zikSA Adi jo manake lie sukhakara yA hitakara kArya haiM unameM bAdhA par3atI hai| ataeva vaisA karanA akartavya hai| isake sambandhameM aura eka bAta hai| bahuta loga kahate haiM, agara koI dehake Upara prahAra karaneke lie udyata ho to manuSyadehakI mayAMdA-rakSAke lie usa daihika apamAna karanevAlepara prahAra karanA kartavya hai / kintu ve bhUla jAte haiM ki bilkula hI AtmarakSAke liye lAcAra honeke sivA kevala mAnarakSAke lie, prahAra karaneke lie udyata AdamI para bhI prahAra karanA ucita nahIM hai| kAraNa, agara vaha khuda vivekazantisaMpaJca hai to vaha pratipakSI para prahAra karake khuda apane mana aura AtmAkA apamAna karatA hai| isa taraha mAnarakSAke lie mAra-pITa karanese manuSyake vivekakA gaurava naSTa ho jAtA hai / saca hai ki sAhityameM aneka sthAnoMpara pratiyogIke Upara pAzava balake prayogakI prazaMsA huI hai| kintu ve saba prAyaH manuSyajAtikI prathama avasthA arthAt vAlyAvasthAkI hI bAteM haiM / lar3akapanameM manuSya

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268 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga jAtine jo kAma kiyA hai vaha usakI praur3ha avasthAmeM nahIM sohatA / aba bhI vahI bacapana karanA saMgata nahIM hogA / phira kAvyameM bhI, ucca Adarzacari meM bhinna bhAva dekhA jAtA hai| jaise-rAmacaritrameM ekatarapha jaise atulanIya bala-vikrama hai, vaise hI dUsarI tarapha pratidvandvIke sAtha bhI asAdhAraNa saujanya, kAruNya aura balaprayogameM anicchA hai (1) / isake sivA vartamAnakAlameM, yuddha AdimeM bhI daihikabalakI kAryakAritA bahuta kama hai, buddhibalase hI saba kAma hotA hai| paNDitoMkA kahanA hai ki kramavikAsake niyamAnusAra pazudeha tIkSNa nakha-danta AdikA lopa hokara kramazaH manuSyazarIrake AkArameM pariNata huI hai / agara jIvadehakI aisI kramonnati ho sakatI hai, to kyA mAnavaprakRtikI itanI bhI kramonnatikI AzA nahIM kI jAsakatI ki usakI jighAMsA ( mAra DAlanekI pravRtti) aura pAzava balake prayogakI icchA kramazaH ghaTatI jAyagI ? dehakA sabala honA sarvathA vAMchanIya hai| kintu vipattimeM par3e huekI rakSAmeM aura anyAnya hitakara kAmoMmeM hI dehake balakA prayoga honA cAhie / balakA ghamaMDa karake aurake sAtha jhagar3A khar3A karake use parAsta karaneke lie daihika bala nahIM hotA, kamase kama usake lie honA na caahie| isa sambandhameM aura eka bAta hai| AkramaNakArI para usake badalemeM AkramaNa na kara sakaneko bahuta loga kAyarapana aura durbalatAkA lakSaNa samajhate haiN| kintu jo manuSya use anyAya samajhakara vaisA kArya nahIM karatA, use bhIra kahanA anucita hai / jo manuSya pratihiMsApravRttike prabala pralobhanako sa~bhAlakara usase nivRtta raha sakatA hai usameM, zArIrika bala cAhe jaisA ho, mAnasika bala asAdhAraNa hai, isameM koI sandeha nahIM raha sktaa| 2-svArthakI apekSA parArtha bar3A hai / yaha bAta putrakanyAke manameM acchItaraha biThA deneke lie vizeSa yatna karanA bhI pitA-mAtAkA kartavya hai| aisI AzaMkA karanekA prayojana nahIM hai ki svArthake bAremeM yatna na karanese putra-kanyA apanA hita nahIM kara skege| svArthaparatA jo hai vaha manupyakI aisI svabhAvasiddha prabala pravRtti hai ki usake lupta honekI saMbhA (1) saMskRta bhASA jAnanevAle pAThaka isa sambandhameM bhavabhUtiracita vIratvarita nATaka par3hakara dekheN|

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha karma / 269 vanA nahIM hai| usakI atyanta adhikatAko rokanake lie hI ukta prakArakI zikSA Avazyaka hai| kyoMki, kyA vyaktivizeSake, kyA saMpUrNa samAjake, kyA saMpUrNa jAtike sabhItarahake aniSToMkI jar3a asaMyata svArthaparatA hI hai| usa svArthaparatAkA saMyama jisameM loga thor3I avasthAse hI sIkheM, isakA upAya atyanta vAMchanIya hai| yaha bAta sabhI logoMko acchI taraha samajha lenI cAhie ki maiM jo cAhUMgA vahI pAU~gA, merI hI icchA sarvopari prabala hogI, isa tarahakI AzA karanA atyanta anyAya hai, aura aisI AzAkAsaphala honA bilakula hI asaMbhava hai| jaba ki isa pRthvIpara maiM hI akelA nahIM hU~, merI tarahake aura bhI aneka loga haiM, taba jo kucha maiM cAhatA hU~ vahI aura loga bhI cAha sakate haiM, aura maiM jo icchA karatA hU~ usake viparIta bhI aura loga icchA kara sakate haiM, aura usa parasparakI AkAMkSA aura icchAke virodhakA sAmaJjasya hue vinA saMsAra nahIM cala sakatA / isa tarahake virodhakI jahA~ saMbhAvanA ho, vahA~ haraeka pratidvandvI hI agara sthira aura saMyatabhAvase yaha dekhanekA kaSTa uThAve ki usakA nyAyasaMgata adhikAra kahA~ taka hai, to phira virodha nahIM upasthita ho sktaa| aura, agara koI pakSa apane svArthakA. kucha aMza anya pakSake anukUla chor3a de, to usase usakI jo kucha thor3I kSati hogI, usakI nirvirodha bhAvase-aura isI lie zIghra hI-kArya siddha honeke kAraNa bahutasI pUrti ho jaaygii| aisA honese jo manako zAnti aura sukha milegA usakA bhI mUlya kama nahIM hogA / jo loga isa taraha kArya karate. haiM, ve sukhI to hote hI haiM, balki unheM Arthika lAbha bhI kama nahIM hotaa| aura, jo loga anucita svArthake vazIbhUta hokara virodha karate haiM, unheM vivAda karane meM utpanna honevAle vikRta utsAhake sivA aura sukha to hotA hI nahIM, balki lAbhakA hisAba karake dekhA jAya to mAlUma hogA ki vaha bhI sarvatra adhika nahIM hotaa| 3-apanA doSa Apa dekhanA aura use sahaja hI svIkAra kara lenA ucita hai| hamAre doSako koI dUsarA dikhA degA-isakI apekSA na karake, apane doSako khuda dekhanA aura apane doSako sahaja hI svIkAra kara lenA ucita hai| yaha zikSA atyanta prayojanIya hai, aura putra-kanyAko yaha zikSA denA pitA-mAtAkA kartavya hai| hama sabameM koI bhI ekadama doSazUnya nahIM

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270 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga hai| lekina vRthAkA AtmAbhimAna apane doSako nahIM dekhane detA, balki vaha parAyA doSa dekhakara eka tarahake nikRSTa sukhakA anubhava karatA hai / apane doSako Apa dekha sakanekA abhyAsa karanese, zIghra usa doSakA saMzodhana hotA hai, aura usa apane doSake lie aurake Age apratibha yA lajjita nahIM honA par3atA / ukta abhyAsakA aura bhI eka phala hai| jisakI vikRta mAnasa-dRSTi khuda dopakA kAma karaneke bAda, vaha doSa dekhane nahIM detI, aura jisakI satyake Upara anAsthA, apanA dopa dekha pAnepara bhI, use sahajameM svIkAra nahIM karane detI, usakI vaha dopa dekha pAnekI akSamatA, aura doSako asvIkAra kara sakanekA sAhasa doSako chor3aneke bAre meM bAdhAjanaka ho uThatA hai| kintu jo manuSya apanI mAnasa-dRSTiko apane doSa dekhanekA abhyAsa karAtA hai, aura jisakI satyaniSThA doSa honepara use asvIkAra nahIM karane detI, usakI vaha doSa dekha pAnekI tIkSNa dRSTi, aura yaha bhaya ki doSa honepara satyake anurodhase use avazya svIkAra karanA hogA, use doSa chor3aneke lie sarvadA satarka rakhatA hai| kahanekA matalaba yaha hai ki jo manuSya jitane sahajameM apanA doSa dekha pAtA hai aura use svIkAra kara letA hai, vaha utane hI sahajameM usa doSako chor3akara kAma kara sakatA hai| 4-apane doSa para kar3I dRSTi rakhanese jaise suphala hotA hai, vaise hI dUsareke doSapara komala dRSTi rakhanese bhI suphala hotA hai| parAye doSako kSamA karanekA abhyAsa karanese parArthaparatA bar3hatI hai, aura apanA citta utkarSako prApta karatA hai| 5-aurake anyAya-vyavahAra yA ahitaceSTAse vRthA cir3ha uThanA yA krodha karanA ThIka nahIM hai, balki usake kAraNakA patA lagAnA Ara yathAsAdhya use dUra karanekI ceSTA karanA hI ucita hai / putra kanyAko isa bAtakI zikSA denA saba tarahase pitA-mAtAkA kartavya hai / yaha zikSA pAnese ve sadA sukhI rheNge| sabhIko thor3A bahuta anyakA anyAya aura ahitakara AcaraNa sahanA par3atA hai| usake lie vRthA cir3hanese yAkrodha karanese koI lAbha nahIM, bAleka mana kharAba hotA hai, aura pratihiMsAkI pravRtti uttejita hokara taraha tarahakI burAiyA~ paidA kara sakatI hai| kintu jo hama sthira-dhIra bhAvase vaise AcaraNake kAraNakA patA lagA sakeM, to dekha pAveMge ki jabataka vaha kAraNa maujUda

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha krm| 271 rahegA, tabataka usakA kArya bhI avazya hI hogA, aura usakA kAraNa dUra kara sakanese hI usakA kArya bhI baMda ho jaaygaa| aura, jahA~ vaha kAraNa dura karanA asAdhya ho, vahA~ usake kAryako anivArya samajhakara use sahanA hI sacce AryakA kartavya hai| isa jJAnake dvArA, jahA~ sAdhya hai vahA~ aniSTaka ! nivAraNa ho sakatA hai, aura jahA~ aniSTanivAraNa asAdhya hai vahA~ bhI, vRthA ceSTAko eka prakArase chor3akara manakI zAnti pAI jA sakatI hai| upara jo kahA gayA hai vaha dUsarI tarahase saMkSepameM yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki putrakanyAko jagatke saba logoMsa mitratA sthApita karane kA upadeza denA pitA-mAtAkA kartavya hai| 6-jIvanakA ucca uddezya vaiSayika arthAt aihika unnati nahIM, AdhyAsmika unnati hai / aura, jIvanakA carama lakSya yaha nahIM hai ki sakAma karmake dvArA usa dhanako jamA karanA, jo kevala kucha samayataka bhogA jA skegaa| balki niSkAmakarmake dvArA anantakAlasthAyI sukha prApta karanA hI jIvanakA carama lakSya hai| dhIre dhIre yaha bAta putra kanyAke hRdayameM jamA denA bhI pitAmAtAkA kartavya hai| pUrvokta prakArakA jJAna eka bAra paidA ho jAne para phira koI na to nIcakarmameM pravRtta hogA, aura na jIvanayAtrAmeM hI lakSyabhraSTa hogaa| ___ 7-hararoja saMdhyAke samaya apane dainika kAmoMke doSa-guNakA hisAba karanA sIkhanA sabhIke lie ucita hai| vaisA karate rahanese apane doSoMke saMzodhana karaneke lie nitya maukA milatA hai, aura koI doSakI Adata bar3hane nahIM paatii| dhrmshikssaa| dharmazikSAke sambandha matabheda aura tarkake lie jagaha hai| koI koI kahate haiM, "jaba dharnake saMbaMdhameM itanA matabheda hai, to phira bAlaka-trAlikAoMko thor3I avasthAmeM kisI bhI dharmako zikSA denA ucita nahIM hai; dharmake sambandhameM unake manako azikSita aura saMskAra-zUnya rakhanA hI munAsiba hogaa| ve jaba sayAne hoMge, aura unakI buddhi pakkI hogI, taba jisa dharmako ve satya samajhege usIko grahaNa kreNge|" kintu unakA yaha kathana saMgata nahIM jAna par3anA / pitA-mAtA jisa dharmako mAnate haiM, usI dharmako agara bAlakabAlikA bhI thor3I avasthAmeM grahaNa kareM, to usameM koI bAdhA yA burAI nahIM

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ra7ra jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga dekha pdd'tii| balki yaha bAta anivArya aura ucita hI pratIta hotI hai| unake zarIrakA pAlana-poSaNa avazya hI mA-bApakI icchAke anusAra hogaa| unakI mAnasika aura naitika zikSA bhI avazya hI mA-bApakI icchAke anusAra hogii| taba samajhameM nahIM AtA ki yaha bAta kaise saMgata mAna lI jAya ki unakI dharmazikSA hI, jo sarvopari zikSA hai, bAkI par3I rhegii| aura tarahakI zikSAe~ to kevala isI lokake lie prayojanIya haiM, kintu, dharma mAnanese, dharmakI zikSA to isa loka aura paraloka donoMke lie prayojanIya hai| jo dharmako mAnate hI nahIM, unake khayAlase dharmAzikSAmeM kevala itanA hI doSa hai ki bAlaka-bAlikAoMko akAraNa bhramakI zikSA dI jAtI hai| kintu usase koI kSati nahIM ho sktii| kAraNa, bAlaka-bAlikA bar3e honepara cAheM to apane apane matake anusAra cala sakate haiN| aura ve loga agara yaha kaheM ki dharmake viSayameM bhramakI zikSA denA anyAya hai, to ve hI batAveM, kisa viSayakI zikSA bhramase rahita hai ? __ manuSya kadApi abhrAnta nahIM hai| kisI kisI viSayameM, isa samaya jo zikSA dI jAtI hai vaha kucha dinake bAda bhramapUrNa mAnI jA sakatI hai| sivA isake bAlaka-bAlikA jaba mAtA-pitAke pAsa raheMge, taba dharmake viSayameM unako ekadama azikSita rakhanA asaMbhava hai| mAtA-pitA jisa dharmako mAnate haiM, ve bhI usI dharmake anukUla kAma kareMge, aura unake lar3akI-lar3ake bhI, niyamita rUpase na sahI, dekha suna karake hI, eka prakArase usI dharmake saMskAroMse yukta ho pdd'eNge| dharmazikSAke sambandhameM adhika bAteM kahanekA prayojana nahIM hai| thor3I avasthAmeM bAlaka-bAlikAoMko adhika sUkSma dharmatattvakI zikSA denA asaMgata bhI hai, aura asAdhya bhI hai| dharmake jo sthUlatattva haiM ve prAyaH sabhI dharmoMme samAna haiN| dharmake sthUlatattvameM adhikatara Izvara aura parakAlameM vizvAsa aura AtmasaMyamapUrvaka acchI rAhameM calanA, ye hI do bAteM haiN| sabase pahale inhIM do / bAtoMkI zikSA denA Avazyaka hai| putra-kanyAkA vivAha / yogya samayameM yogya pAtrI aura pAtra ThIka karake putra aura kanyAkA byAha kara denA pitA-mAtAkA kartavya hai| koI koI yaha soca sakate haiM ki vivA

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha karma / 273 ranniwwnamani hake sambandhameM putra aura kanyAko apanI apanI icchAke anusAra calane denA hI kartavya hai| kintu pahale hI kahA cukA hai ki isa viSayameM unakA Apa hI nirvAcana karanA aneka kAraNoMse bhrAntipUrNa ho sakatA hai| ataeva isa bAre meM pitA-mAtAkA alaga rahanA ucita nahIM ho sktaa| putrakA byAha usakI kamasinImeM kara denese pitAke lie bahUke yathAyogya lAlana-pAlana aura zikSA denekI eka naI jimmedArI paidA ho jAtI hai| isa sambandhameM kevala eka bAta kaha denA hI yatheSTa hogA / vaha yaha ki putravadhUko apanI kanyAse bhI adhika sneha aura yatnase rakhanA cAhie / kyoMki, use usake mA-bApake sneha aura yatnase alaga karake naI jagaha lAte haiM / ataeva apane mA-bApase vaha jo sneha aura yatna pAtI thI usase adhika sneha aura yatna agara sAsa-sasurase na pAvegI to usake usa abhAvakI pUrti nahIM ho skegii| pitA-mAtAkA aura eka kartavya hai, putrakanyAke bharaNa-poSaNake lie kucha dhanakA saMcaya karanA / jaba isakA kucha nizcaya nahIM hai ki putra jaldI yA derameM apane bharaNa-poSaNake lAyaka dhana paidA kara sakegA, taba putra ke lie kucha dhanasaMcaya karanA bhI pitAkI eka kartavya hai| dhanasaMcayake aura bhI aneka uddezya haiN| itanA dhana sabhIko jamA karanA cAhie ki kabhI samaya par3ane para usale apanA kAma nikala sake, aura dUsarekA upakAra kiyA jAsake ! kise kitanA dhana jamA karate rahanA cAhie, isakA nirNaya haraekakI AmadanI aura Avazyaka kharcake Upara hai; kintu kucha jamA karate rahanA sabhIke lie ucita hai / aura, jo dhana jamA karanA ho use kharca karaneke pahale hI nikAlakara alaga rakha denA caahie| yaha na socanA cAhie ki kharca karaneke bAda jo bacegA vaha jamA kara dNge| ___ putra kanyA jaba sayAne ( bAliga ) ho jAya taba unheM saMpUrNa svAdhInatA de denI caahie| lekina kisI bAtameM unakA AcaraNa agara bhramapUrNa dekha par3e, to mitrabhAvase usakA saMzodhana karaneke lie unheM sadupadeza denA ucita hai| (3) pitA-mAtAke sambandhameM kartavyatA / pitA-mAtAkI bhakti, thor3I avasthAmeM unakI icchAke anusAra calanA aura sayAne hone para bhI unakI bAta para zraddhA karanA, puna-kanyAkA kartavya hai| jJA0-18

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jJAna aura karma / [ dvitIya bhAga pitA-mAtA agara kisI spaSTa avaidha kAryako karane ke lie kaheM, to putrakanyA use karaneke lie vAdhya nahIM haiM / magara hA~, unheM cAhie ki vinIta bhAvase vaha bAta mAtA-pitAko samajhA deM / pitA-mAtAke vaisI anucita AjJA deneke kAraNa unake Upara azraddhA karanA anucita hai / kAraNa, santAna jo pitA-mAtAkI bhakti karatI hai usakA kAraNa pitAmAtAke guNa nahIM haiM, unake sAtha honevAlA sambandha hI hai / jisake mA-bApa sadguNasaMpanna haiM, usakI mAtApitAkI bhakti sambandha aura guNa donoMke kAraNa hai / kintu durbhAgyavaza jisake mA-bApa guNahIna yA durguNayukta haiM, use kevala sambandhI anurodhase unapara bhaktibhAva rakhanA cAhie / 274 kabhI kabhI nAbAliga lar3akI - lar3ake mA bApake dharmako bhrAnta mAnakara usakA pAlana apane lie avihita samajhate haiM, aura sAtha hI anya dharmako grahaNa karanA ucita mAna baiThate haiN| aisI jagahapara kyA kartavya hai ? yaha prazna pahale kucha kaThina jAna par3atA hai / taba eka pakSameM kahA jAsakatA hai ki dharma jaba manuSyake Izvara ke sAthake sambandha para nirbhara haiM, aura vaha sambandha jaba saba laukika sambandhoMke Upara hai, aisI avasthAmeM santAna apane mA-bApa ke dharmameM rahaneke lie vAdhya nahIM hai, khuda usako jisa dharma para vizvAsa ho usI dharmako grahaNa karaneke lie vaha vAdhya hai / dUsare pakSa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki pahale to thor3I avasthAmeM, jaba buddhi kaccI rahatI hai, dharmake sUkSmatattva samajha meM nahIM Ate, aura isI lie usa avasthAmeM dharma badalanA akartavya hai / dUsare, jaba sabhI dharmokI moTI bAta yaha hai ki Izvara aura parakAla para vizvAsa rakkho aura AtmasaMyama ke sAtha sumArga para calate raho, aura kevala sUkSmabAtoM ke lie hI dharmoMmeM bheda hai, taba jabataka buddhi pakkI na ho le tabataka dharma badalane meM ruke rahanese, kisIkA vizeSa aniSTa honekI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai / isake sivA thor3I avasthA meM mAbApakI icchA ke viruddha kAma kiyA jAyagA to dhIre dhIre svecchAcAritA prazraya pAvegI, aura aMtako vaha AdhyAtmika unnatimeM bAdhA DAla sakatI hai / ataeva isa taraha anukUla aura pratikUla yuktiyoMkI AlocanA karake dekhanese yahI jAna par3atA hai ki nAbAliga santAnake lie dharmakA parivartana akartavya hai /

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tIsarA adhyAya ] pArivArika nItisiddha krm| 275 jo loga lar3akI-lar3akoMko pitA-mAtAkA dharma chor3akara dUsarA dharma svIkAra karaneke lie upadeza yA utsAha dete haiM, unakA uddezya dharmaprerita hone para bhI, unakA vaha kArya aneka rUpase aniSTakara hI hai / jinheM dharmaparivartanakI pravRtti dI jAtI hai unakI svecchAcAritA prazraya pAkara bar3ha jAtI hai| unakI pitRmAtRbhakti, naSTa cAhe na ho, lekina ghaTa jarUra jAtI hai, jisase bhaktittike pUrNa vikAsameM bAdhA par3atI hai| mA-bApake nArAja honese, yA alaga ho jAnese, unakI rakSA, dekha-rekha aura vidyAzikSAmeM vighna par3atA hai| unake isa kAryase unake mA-bApake manameM nAnAvidha asukha aura AzAnti upasthita hotI hai / isa samaya jo hindU-bAlakoMmeM pitA-mAtA zikSaka Adike prati bhaktikA abhAva yA kamI dekha par3atI hai usakA eka kAraNa zAyada yaha bhI hai ki unheM jo zikSA milatI hai vaha unake manameM mA-bApake dharma arthAt hindUdharma para azraddhA paidA kara detI hai| __ yaha kahanekI koI AvazyakatA nahIM jAna par3atI ki santAna yogya ho to usakA kartavya hai ki yathAzakti pitAmAtAkI bhalAI aura sevA kare / 4-jAtivandhu Adi anyAnya svajanoMke sambandhame krtvytaa| isa viSayameM adhika bAteM kahanekA prayojana nahIM hai| zAyada itanA hI kahanA yatheSTa hogA ki sambandha aura vyavahArakI ghaniSTatAke anusAra jise jahA~taka bhakti, sneha aura zArIrika tathA Arthika sahAyatA pAnekI nyAyasaMgata AzA ho sakatI hai, usakI AzAko yathAzakti vahA~taka pUrNa karanA sarvathA kartavya hai| apanI avasthA apekSAkRta acchI ho to aisA vyavahAra karanA cAhie ki svajanoMmeMse koI apaneko ghamaMDI na smjhe| agara apanI avasthA burI ho to aisA vyavahAra karanA cAhie ki koI apaneko asaMgata upakArakI pratyAzA rakhanevAlA na smjhe|

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cauthA adhyAya / sAmAjika nItisiddha karma / manuSyake adhikAMza karmoMkA anuzAsana sAmAjika nItike dvArA hotA hai| una saba karmoMkI AlocanAke lie yaha nizcaya karanA Avazyaka hai ki samAja aura samAjanIti kyA hai| sAmAjika nItikA nirNaya ho jAnese usake sAtha sAtha sAmAjika nItisiddha kaukA bhI nirNaya ho jAyagA, unakI alaMga AlocanA karanekA prayojana nahIM rhegaa| jIvajagatmeM samAja eka ati vi. citra vastu hai| kevala manuSya hI nahIM, cIMTI mamAkhI Adi kITa-pataMga, aura bagale Adi pakSI aura bher3a bhaiMse Adi pazu bhI dala bA~dhakara rahate haiN| jagameM AkarSaNa aura viprakarSaNa, ye donoM zaktiyA~ sarvatra pratIyamAna haiM / jIva. jagatmeM, jIvakA samAja usI AkarSaNa zaktikA phala hai, aura jIvakI svatantratA usI viprakarSaNa zaktikA kArya hai| jAna par3atA hai, jIvakI Adima avasthAmeM nikaTavartI parivArasamUhako lekara hI samAjakI sRSTi huI thI / kramazaH aneka prakArake samAjoMkI utpatti huii| aura, vartamAna kAla meM sabhya jagatmeM samAja itane prakArake dekhanako milate haiM ki samAjoMkA zreNIvibhAga karanA atyanta kaThina kArya ho uThA hai| ekasthAnanivAsI aura ekadharmAvalambI vyaktiyoMko lekara pradhAnarUpase samAjakA saMgaThana huA thA / kintu isa samaya relake dvArA jAne AnekA subhItA ho jAneke kAraNa dUratAkA eka prakArase lopa ho gayA hai, aura suzikSAke phalase matavaiSamya bahuta kucha zAnta ho jAneke kAraNa dharmavirodha bhI adhikatara ghaTa gayA hai, isa kAraNa aneka sthAnoMke nivAsI aura vibhinna

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cauthA adhyAya sAmAjika nItisiddha karma / 277 dharmAvalambI loga bhI kAryavizepameM ekamata hokara eka samAja yA eka samitike antargata hote haiN| udhara bhinna bhinna uddezyoMkI preraNAse eka hI parivArake AdamI bhI bhinna bhinna samAjoMmeM cale jAte haiN| eka hI rAjAke zAmanAdhIna rahanA bhI eka samAjake antargata hone ke lie prayojanIya nahIM hai / vidyAke anuzIlana Adi aneka kAryoma bhinna bhinna rAjAoMkI prajA eka samA. jameM zAmila huA karatI hai (1) / ataeva samAja zabdako saMkIrNa arthame na lekara, usakA vyavahAra vistRta arthamaM karanese, samAja-bandhanake lie, eka vaMzameM janma, yA eka sthAnameM nivAsa, yA eka dharmameM vizvAsa, yA eka hI rAjAke zAsanAdhIna rahanA ityAdi koI bhI bAta atyanta prayojanIya nahIM jAna pdd'tii| kevala samAjameM saMmilita haraeka AdamIkA samAjake uddezyake sAtha ekamata honA aura samAjake antargata honekI icchA bhara Avazyaka hai| samAjabandhana jaba samAjameM saMmilita logoMko icchAke Upara nirbhara hai, to sAmAjika niyama bhI spaSTa rUpase yA prakArAMtarase avazya hI usI icchAke Upara nirbhara hoNge| kAraNa, usake ve niyama agara samAjasya kisI AdamIkI icchAke viruddha hoMge, to vaha mana para dhare to samAjako chor3a de sakatA hai| magara samAjakA gherA saMkIrNa na hogA to samAjake niyama aura nIti nyAyake anugAmI honA hI saMbhava hai| kyoMki isake viparIta honese bahusaMkhyaka logoMke dvArA usa niyama yA nItikA anumodana nahIM ho sktaa| samAjabandhana aura sAmAjika niyama logoMkI icchAke anugAmI honehIke kAraNa janasAdhAraNa unakA itanA saMmAna karate haiN| sAmAjika nIti / sAmAjika nItiyA~ pRthaka pRthak samAjoM meM aneka prakArakI haiN| unameM kucha nItiyA~ sabhI samAjoMmeM grAhya haiM, aura unheM sAdhAraNa samAjanIti kahA jA sakatA hai| aura, kucha nItiyA~ khAsa samAjoMmeM grAhya haiM, aura unhe vizeSasamAjanIti kahate haiM / manuSya manuSyameM paraspara nyAyasaMmata vyavahAra (1)" Association of all Classes of all Vations " nAmakI eka sabhA Robert Owen ne iMgaleMDameM, 1835I0 meM sthApita kI thii| Socialism zabdakA vyavahAra pahale pahala usIkI kAryapraNAlI meM huA thaa| Encycloraedia Britannica, Dth Ea, ToI XXII, Article Socialism dekho|

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278 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga karaneke lie jina niyamoMke anusAra calanA ucita hai, unhIM saba niyamoMkI samaSTi sAdhAraNa samAjanIti hai| unameMse nimnalikhita kaIeka niyama vizeSarUpase ullekhayogya haiN| sAdhAraNa samAjanIti / 1 kisIko anyakA aniSTa na karanA cAhie / agara kisIkA gurutara aniSTa dUra karaneke lie aniSTakArIkA kucha aniSTa karanA bahuta hI Avazyaka ho to vahA~ para utanA sA aniSTa niSiddha nahIM hai| isa vidhikA prathama aMza sarvavAdisaMmata hai, aura dUsare aMzake sambandhameM, bhI jAna par3atA hai, kisIko kucha vizeSa Apatti na hogii| 2 yathAsAdhya apanA aura anyakA nyAyasaMgata hita karanA cAhie; usameM kisIkA ahita ho to usake lie Apatti na karanI caahie| yaha bAta abhI utanI spaSTa nahIM huI / ise khulAsA karaneke lie aura . bhI kucha kahanA Avazyaka hai| prathamokta vidhikA uddezya hai, aniSTanivAraNa / aura yaha jo kahA gayA ki khAsa khAsa jagaha aniSTakara kArya niSiddha nahIM hai, yaha bhI gurutara aniSTake nivAraNArtha hai / dUsarI vidhikA uddezya logoMko hitakara kAryameM uttejanA denA hai| jaise ariSTanivAraNakA prayojana hai, vaise hI hitasAdhanakA bhI prayojana hai / agara hama aniSTakara kArya na karake sAtha hI hitakara kAryoMse bhI hAtha khIca leM, (kalpanA kara lo) nizceSTa hokara baiThe raheM, to akArya bhI na hogA, aura kArya bhI na hogA, aura thor3e dinake bAda saba jhaMjhaTa miTa jAyagA, kArya yA akArya karaneke lie koI AdamI hI nahIM rhegaa| kucha khAne-pIneko na pAkara pRthvIparase manuSyajAti hI uTha jaaygii| kintu aisA honekI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai| kAraNa, hamArI AtmarakSAkI pravRtti itanI prabala hai ki paraspara eka dUsarekA aniSTa karake bhI hama apanI apanI rakSAkI ceSTA karate rheNge| AtmarakSAkI ceSTAke sAtha hI AtmavinAzakI bhI saMbhAvanA lagI rahatI hai| isa kAraNa Upara kahI gaI pravartaka aura nivartaka, ina donoM nItiyoMke AnuSaMgika pratirodhakA prayojana hai| jo kArya aniSTakara hai, vaha kevala gurutara ariSTanivAraNake lie chor3akara aura saba jagaha anyAya aura niSiddha hai| kintu jo kArya hitakara hai, use

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cauthA adhyAya ] sAmAjika nItisiddha karma! 279 wwwinnow. sarvatra vidhisiddha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| rAmakA dhana dhanazyAma le le to zyAmakA hita hogA,, kintu isIlie zyAmakA rAmake dhanako lenA vidhisiddha nahIM ho sktaa| isI lie kahA gayA hai ki kevala nyAyasaMgata hitasAdhana hI kartavya hai / aba yaha prazna uThatA hai ki nyAyasaMgata hita-sAdhana kise kahate haiM ? isakA uttara bilkula sahaja nahIM hai| eka to jo kAma eka AdamIke lie hitakara hai, aura anya kisIke lie ahitakara nahIM hai, vaha avazya hI nyAyasaMgata hitakara hai aura usa kAmako karanA nyAyasaMgata hitasAdhana kahA jA sakatA hai / antarjagat yA AdhyAtmika jagatke sabhI hitakara kAma nyAyasaMgata kahe jA sakate haiM, kyoMki unake dvArA kisIkA bhI aniSTa honekI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai / eka AdamI agara jJAnakA yA dharmakA anuzIlana kare, to usameM usakA hita hai aura usake kArya tathA dRSTAntake dvArA dUsarekA bhI hita ho sakatA hai / aura, usake dvArA kisIkA ahita bhI nahIM ho sakatA / kAraNa, jhAna aura dharma asIma haiM, jise vaha lenA cAhatA hai| usake lenese jJAna yA dharma cuka nahIM jAyagA / jagatke saba jIva use jitanA lenA cAheMge utanA hI vaha ghaTegA nahIM, balki bar3hatA hI jAyagA / kintu vahirjagatke yA jar3ajagatke kAyake sambandhameM yaha bAta nahIM kahI jA sktii| eka prasiddha kavine avazya kahA hai ki pRthvI bahuta bar3I hai sahI, kintu kAma karanevAle loga use kSudra hI samajhate haiM, sAgaraparyanta pRthvIkA rAjya pAkara bhI ve santuSTa nahIM ho sakate / sAdhAraNa rUpase yaha bAta yoM kahI jA sakatI hai ki bahuta loga thor3IsI kSamatA pA jAte hI isa pRthvIko tuccha samajhane lagate haiN| isa pRthvIkI bhogyavastuoMkA parimANa bahuta honepara bhI usase logoMkI AkAMkSA nivRtta nahIM hotii| phira eka vastuko aneka loga cAheMge to usameM jhagar3A honA anivArya hai isI kAraNa buddhimAnoMne jana-dhana-sampatti Adi pArthiva vastuoMkI kAmanAse nivRtti, aura jJAna tathA dharma, ina apArthiva padArthoM meM pravRtiko hI prakRta sukhakA upAya batalAyA hai| kintu kucha pArthiva padArtha, jaise khAneke lie anna, pahanane ke lie vastra, rahaneke lie sthAna ityAdi, manuSyakI dehayukta avasthAmeM atyanta prayojanIya haiM, inake na milanese dehakI rakSA nahIM hotI, aura jisa jAti yA samAjameM ina vastuoM ke abhAvakI yatheSTa pUrti nahIM hotI,

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280 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga usakA svAsthya, saMkhyA aura samRddhi kramazaH ghaTatI jAtI hai| isakA pratyakSa pramANa hamArA bhAratavarSa ho rahA hai| dasare khAne-pIne-pahanane-rahaneke subhIteke lie, anyakA spaSTa aniSTa na karake jo apane hitake kAma karane hote haiM, unheM nyAyasaMgata hitakara kAma kahanA hogA / aura unake dvArA kisIkA kucha (sAdhAraNa) ahita hone para bhI Apatti na karanI caahie| bahirjagatmeM ekake hitake sAtha sAtha anyakA kucha ahita honA agara anivArya kahA jAya to kahA jA sakatA hai| manuSyakA jagatmeM AnA hI isatarahake ahitase sambandha rakhatA hai| paidA hote hI manuSya aneka sthaloM meM dUsarekA zatru hotA hai| vaha koI aura gaira nahIM, usIkA choTA sahodara (sagA choTA bhAI )-hai| aura, vaha zatrutA bhI sAmAnya zatrutA nahIM hai| vaha apane agrajako usake zreSTha AhAra mAtAke dUdhase, aura usake zreSTha nivAsasthAna mAtAkI godase kucha vaJcita karatA hai| usake sabhI sukhoMmeM hissA lagAtA hai| kintu vaha zaizavakA vairabhAva jaise avasthA bar3hanake sAtha sAtha bhAtRsnehakA rUpa rakha letA hai, vaise hI AzA kI jAtI hai ki vyaktivyaktimeM jAti jAtimeM jo khAne-pahanane-rahaneke sAmAnoMke lie virodha dekha par3atA hai, vaha sabhya jagatake sAdhAraNa aura vRttisambandhI jJAnakI vRddhike sAthasAtha maitrIkA bhAvadhAraNa kara legaa| manuSya manuSya aura jAti jAtimeM bhI eka prakArakA bhAtasambandha hai, sabhI usI jagadIzvara parama pitAkI santAna haiN| isa uddezyase ki jagatke logoMke khAne-pIne-pahanane-or3hane aura rahaneke lie acchI taraha subhItA ho, sabhyajagatmeM taraha tarahakI sabhA-samitiyA~ sthApita huI haiM, aneka prakArake sAmAjika, vRttisambandhI aura rAjanItika matoMkA pracAra huA hai, aura una sabako sAmAjikatva (Socialism) nAmase abhihita kiyA jAsakatA hai| kintu isa sambandhameM cAhe jisa kisI prakArakI sabhA-samiti, niyama aura mata sthApita kyoM na hoM, una sabakA mUlamantra yahI hai ki haraeka vyakti aura haraeka jAti jina saba apane nyAyasaMgata hitakara kAmoMko karatI hai, arthAt yathAyogya khAne-pahanane-rahaneke subhIteke lie jina saba kAmoMko karatI hai, unase anya vyakti yA anya jAtikA jo kucha ahita hotA hai, yA honekI saMbhAvanA hai, usameM Apatti

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cauthA adhyAya ] sAmAjika nItisiddha karma / 286 nahIM karanI caahie| matalaba yaha ki saMpUrNa manuSyajAtike hita ke lie haraeka manuSyako apane hitakI AkAMkSA kucha chor3anI caahie| yaha honese hI manuSyajAtimeM maitrIkA nAva sthApita ho sakatA hai| isake sivA anya kisI upAyase manuSyajAti meM maitrIkA bhAva sthApita nahIM ho sakatA / koI koI kahate haiM, sabhI manuSya samAna haiM, sabhI svAdhIna haiM, sabhI pRthvIkI bhogya vastuoMke tulya adhikArI haiM aura jo saba niyama isake viparIta haiM ve agrAhya haiN| isa matako sAmAjikatva yA sAmyavAda kahate haiM | AjakalakA bolzevijma isIse milatA julatA hai / aura eka saMpradAya ke matameM sabhI manuSyoM aura sabhI jAtiyoMkI prakRti jur3I jur3I hai, haraeka apanI apanI zaktihIke anusAra kAma karatA hai, kramavikAsake niyamAnusAra ve saba zaktiyA~ vikAsako prApta hotI haiM aura antako jIvanasaMgrAmamaM yogyatamahIkI jaya hotI hai / jo vyakti aura jo jAtiyA~ yogyatama hotI haiM, ve hI antako baca rahatI haiM, aura saba vidhvasta yA parAsta hotI / isa matako vyaktigata vaiSamyavAda kahA jAtA hai / ina donoM viruddha matoMmeMse koI bhI yuktisiddha nahIM hai / sabhI manuSya samAna nahIM haiN| manuSyakI zArIrika aura mAnasika prakRti aneka prakArakI hai / kucha viSayoM meM, jaise zArIrika svAdhInatA meM aura khAne-pIne pahanane aura rahaneke upayogI padArthoMmeM, sabhIkA tulya adhikAra avazya hai, lekina aneka viSayoMmeM, jaise anyake nikaTa saMmAna, bhakti yA sneha pAnemeM, sabakA adhikAra samAna nahIM hai / aura ina cIjoM meM adhikArakI nyUnAdhikatAkA niyama na rahanese samAja cala nahIM sakatA / 1 sabhI sanuSya samAna hoM aura samAna adhikAra pAveM, yaha sabhI ke lie vAMchanIya hai, aura jisameM sabhI samAna ho sakeM isake lie sabako upayukta zikSA denA aura isake lie sarvatra upayukta vyavasthA sthApita honA kartavya hai / kintu jabataka sabake pUrNa jJAna na utpanna ho, aura usa jJAnake acche abhyAsake phalase sabakI svArthapara nikRSTa aura aniSTakara pravRttiyA~ zAnta na hoM, tabataka sabhI manuSyoM ko samAna aura saba viSayoM meM samAna adhikArI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / ataeva sAmyavAda saMpUrNarUpase satya nahIM hai / vaiSamya

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282 jJAna aura krm| [ dvitIya bhAga vAda bhI saMpUrNa satya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / yaha saca hai ki sabhI manuSya samAna nahIM haiM / yaha bhI satya hai ki jIvanasaMgrAmameM yogyatamahIkI jaya hotI hai| kintu yogyatama kise kahate haiM ? jIvanasaMgrAma hI kyA cIja hai aura usakA phala hI kyA hai ? jaba isa pRthvIke jIvavibhAgameM AdhyAtmika bhAvakA AvirbhAva nahIM huA thA, tabake jIvoMmeM jo zArIrika balameM prabala aura ' AtmarakSAke lie AvazyakatAnusAra apaneko bacAnemeM tatpara ' hotA thA vahI yogya kahA jAtA thaa| zatruvinAza hI usa samayakA jIvanasaMgrAma thA aura, usakA phala yogyatamakI vRddhi tathA ayogyatamakA ghaTanA aura miTa jAnA thaa| kintu jisa samaya pRthvI para manuSya jAtike sAtha sAtha AdhyAtmika bhAvakA AvirbhAva huA, usa samayase yogyatAkA lakSaNa kramazaH parivartita hotA A rahA hai (1) / zatruko naSTa karaneke pAzava balakI apekSA, zatrukI rakSA karane, usakA saMzodhana karane aura use mitra banA leneke lie dayA, upakArakI icchA, prema Adi uccatara AdhyAtmika zaktiyA~ hI aba yogyatAkA yathArtha lakSaNa samajhI jAtI haiM, arthAt AtmAkI udAratA bar3hatI jAtI hai aura apane-parAyekA bheda kama hotA jA rahA hai / jIvanasaMgrAmameM bhI, ayogyako kevala balake dvArA vinaSTa karanekA nRzaMsabhAva na rakhakara ayogyako apane guNoMse parAsta karanekA zAntabhAva paidA hotA jA rahA hai, arthAt pahale nRzaMsabhAvake pichale zAntabhAvake rUpameM badala jAneke DhaMga najara A rahe haiN| AzA kI jAtI hai ki isa tarahake jIvana-saMgrAmakA phala, yogyatamakI jayake sAtha usakI apekSA kama yogyakA vinAza na hokara, kramazaH apekSAkRta ayogyakI rakSA aura usakA adhikatara yogya bananA hI hogaa| yaha saca hai ki isa samaya bhI vaha sudina bahuta dUra hai, isa samaya bhI usa bhAvake bahutase vyatikrama upasthita haiN| yaha bhI saca hai ki sabhyajagatke bIca bIca bIcameM svArthaparatAkI aisI prabala lahareM uThatI haiM ki ve ukta maMgalakI jo thoDIsI saMbhAvanA hai usako bahA le jA sakatI haiN| kintu saba loga jagatke maMgalake lie bhalehI svArthaparatAko na chor3eM aura parArthaparatAkA vrata na grahaNa kareM, unheM apane apane maMgalake lie hI zIghra vahI rAha pakar3anI pdd'egii| (1) isa sambandhameM AnuSaMgika rUpase Marshall's Principles of Ficonomics pages 302-3 dekhanA caahie|

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cAthA adhyAya ] sAmAjika nItisiddha krm| 283 lakSaNa aise hI dekha par3ate haiM / bhinna bhinna jAtiyoM meM honevAlA yuddha jaba kevala dharatI para aura sAgarake bhItara hI na hokara AkAzamAgameM bhI hogA, taba vaha aisA bhayAnaka rUpa dhAraNa karegA ki yuddhapremI ume baMda karaneke lie lAcAra hoNge| isake sivA eka hI jAtike bIca dhanikoM aura majadUroM meM jaisA ghoratara virodha hotA jA rahA hai, use dekhaneme jAna par3atA hai ki donoM hI pakSoMko AtmarakSAke lie svArthakI durAkAMkSA kucha kucha chor3anI hI pdd'egii| isI kAraNase AzA kI jAtI hai ki kamase kama apane apane svArthakI rakSAke lie loga kucha kucha parArthapara hoMge aura manuSyoM meM jo paraspara vairabhAva dekha par3atA hai vaha dUra hokara maitrIkA bhAva sthApita hogaa| 3 tIsarI sAdhAraNa samAjanIti yaha hai ki jahA~taka kisIkA aniSTa na ho, vahIMtaka sabhI apanI apanI icchAke anusAra cala sakate haiN| jahAM ekakI icchAke sAtha dUsarekI icchAkI Takkara ho, vahA~ donoMhIko ruka jAnA cAhie, aura vicAra karake jimpakI icchA nyAyasaMgata nizcita ho umIko usakI icchAke anusAra calane denA ucita hai| ApasameM pratidvandvitA rakhanevAle Apa hI agara vaha vicAra kara sakeM to vaha sabase acchI aura sukhakI bAta hai| agara ve aisA na kara sakeM to donoMko ruka jAnA cAhie, athavA kisI madhyastha AdamIkI sahAyatAle virodhakI mImAMsA karA lenI caahie| 4 apane bAkya yA kAryake dvArA dusareke mana meM jo saMgata AzA utpakSa kI jAya, use pUrA kara denA sabhIkA kartavya hai / yadyapi AInake anusAra sabhIjagaha aisI AzA pUrI karaneke lie loga vAdhya nahIM kiye jA sakate, kintu sAmAjika nItike anusAra sabhI jagaha use pUrNa karanA sabakA kartavya hai / AIna aura sAmAjika nItike aise prabhedakA kAraNa yaha hai ki AIna jo hai vaha kevala usI jagaha hastakSepa karatA hai jahA~ para vaha atyanta prayojanIya hotA hai, aura samAja nIti jo hai vaha atyanta prayojanIya jagahake alAvA bhI hastakSepa karanA cAhatI hai / AIna kevala aniSTanivAraNake lie hai, samAjanIti usake atirikta iSTasAdhanake nimitta hai / AIna jo hai vaha logoMko burAIse roka kara hI raha jAtA hai, kintu samAjanIti jo hai vaha logoMko bure kAmoMse rokakara hI cupa nahIM rahatI, logoMko bhalA bananeke

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284 jJAna aura karma / [dvitIya bhAga lie, bhalAI karaneke lie, bhI uttejanA detI hai / AIna aura samAjanItike kAryakSetra meM jaise antara hai, baile hI zAsanameM bhI antara hai| AInakA kSetra saMkIrNa hai, kintu zAsana kaThina hai| samAjanItikA kSetra vistRta hai, kintu zAsana komala hai| koI AdamI agara kisIko, binAbadaleke, do dina ke bAda kucha dhana deneke lie kahakara phira na de, to usa jagaha AIna hastakSepa nahIM karegA, kintu samAja usa AdamIko, jisane kahakara phira nahIM diyA, nindanIya ThaharAvegA / aura agara kisI vastuke badalemeM vaha dhana denekA vAdA kiyA gayA ho to usa jagaha AIna hastakSepa karegA, aura jise vaha dhana milanA cAhie use vasUla karake dilA degaa| 5 kisI samAja yA samitikA kArya usa samAja yA samitike antargata adhikAMza logoMke matake anusAra honA caahie| yahI samAja yA samitikA sAdhAraNa niyama hai| magara kisI kisI jagaha isakA vyaktikrama bhI dekhA jAtA hai / jaise-jahA~ samAjapatikI, yA samitike sabhApatikI, athavA samAjakI kAryakAriNI sabhAkI jimmedArI bahuta bar3I hai, athavA samAjake antargata sabhI vyaktiyoMkA samAna-zikSita aura sadvivecaka honA saMbhavapara nahIM hai, aise sthaloM meM samAjake yA samitike adhikAMza AdamiyoMkI icchAke anusAra purAne niyamako nikAla DAlanA yA kisI naye niyamako calA denA, samAjapati yA kAryakAriNI sabhAke dvArA rokA jA sakatA hai| kintu samAjapati sabhApati yA kAryakAriNI sabhA khuda sAre samAjakI icchAke viruddha purAne niyamako rada bhI nahIM kara sakatI aura naye niyamako calA bhI nahIM sktii| sAdhAraNataH adhikAMza vyaktiyoMke matAnusAra kArya karaneke niyamakA kAraNa yaha hai ki eka to jisa kAryake dvArA sAre samAjakI hAni yA lAbha ho sakatA hai vaha kArya samAjake-kamase kama adhikAMza AdamiyoMke-matAnusAra honA hI nyAya-saMgata hai| aura, dUsare, haraeka vyaktikA mata usakI pUrva. zikSA aura pUrva saMskArakA phala hai, aura usakA bhrAnta honA asaMbhava nahIM hai| isI kAraNa hama sabake mata isItaraha paraspara vibhinna haiN| ataeva jo mata kisI samAjake adhikAMza vyaktiyoMke dvArA anumodita hai, usakA vyaktivizeSakI kuzikSA yA kusaMskArake dvArA dUSita honA saMbhava nahIM hai, aura usake bhrAnta na honekI AzA bhI kI jA sakatI hai|

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cauthA adhyAya ] sAmAjika nItisiddha krm| 285 vizeSa samAjAti / aba vizeSa samAjanIti aura usake anuyAyI kAmoMke sambandhameM kucha kahanA Avazyaka hai| vizeSa samAjanIti kevala vizepa vizeSa samAjoMmeM hI grAhya hai, isalie pahale samAjakA zreNI vibhAga kara lene se acchA hogaa| samAja, usakI sRSTi honeke niyamAnusAra, do tarahakA hai / kucha samAja to samAjabaddha vyaktiyoMkI spaSTa prakAzita icchAle sthApita haiM-jase, paNDitasabhA, brAhmaNasabhA, kAyasthapabhA, vijJAnasabhA ityaadi| aura, anya kucha samAja, samAjabaddha vyaktiyoMkI kisI spaSTa prakAzita icchAke anusAra nahIM sthApita haiM, kintu samAjabaddha logoMkI usake viruddha icchA na prakAzita honese, ve usake antargata gine jAte haiN| isa tarahake samAja hindumanAja, navadvIpasamAja, vaiSNavalamAja, ityAdi haiN| pUrvonta samAja i tiSTata aura pIche kahe gaye samAja svataHpratiSThita nAmame saMkSepamaM kahe jA sakate haiN| ve uddezyabhedase aneka prakAra ke haiN| viSaya yA uddezyake bhedase samAja aneka prakArake haiM / jaise, kucha dharmake anuzIlana ke lie haiM, kucha dhanake anuzIlanake lie haiM, kucha anyAnya kamoMke anuzIlanake lie haiN| inake sivA tIna ' sambandha ' haiM, jo nIti, niyama ( AIna ) aura dharmanItike sAtha kucha sambandhayukta honepara bhI, samAjanItile vizeSa sambandha rakhate haiN| ve tInoM sambandha hai-guru-ziSyasambandha, anya nAma, aura dene lenevAloMkA sambandha / Alocya viSaya / jina kaI eka vizeSa prakArake samAja yA sambandha aura unakI nIti tathA usa nItipe siddha kamAkI :: yA (1) jAtIyasamAja, (2) pratika mAnAja, (3) ekadhIva gambIsamAja, (4) dunI unalamaja. (5) jJAnAnuzIlanamAja, (6 ) arthAnuzIlanasamAja (7) guruziSyatabandha, ( 8 ) prabhu-nRtya sambandha, (9) denevAle aura lenevAlekA smbndh|

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286 jJAna aura karma / . [dvitIya bhAga 1 jAtIya samAja aura usakI nIti / jAtIya samAja kyA hai, yaha ThIka karaneke lie pahale yaha jAna lenA cAhie ki jAti kise kahate haiN| 'jana' dhAtuke Age 'kti' pratyayako saMyukta karanese jAti zabda banatA hai, ataeva usakA yaugika artha janmake sAtha saMbandha rakhatA hai / mUlameM eka pitA-mAtAse, yA eka deza meM jinhoMne janma liyA hai, ve hI prAyaH ekajAtIya haiN| magara isake aneka vyatikrama bhI dekha par3ate haiN| IsAiyoM yA yahAdiyoMke dharma-zAstrake anusAra (1) sabhI manuSya nUhakI santAna hai, lekina sabhI eka jAtIya nahIM haiN| sabhI manuSyajAtike antargata avazya hai, lekina manuSyajAti jisa arthameM eka jAti hai, jAtIya samAja kahanese, usameM, usa arthameM jAti zabdakA vyavahAra nahIM kiyA jAtA / eka dezameM janma hone para bhI, sabhI jagaha loga eka jAti nahIM hote / bhAratameM, vartamAna samayameM, a~gareja aura musalamAna bhI paidA hote haiM, para ve saba eka hI jAtike nahIM hai| mUlameM eka pitA-mAtAse jinakA janma hai, unheM eka jAtIya kahane meM bahuta kama bAdhA dekhI jAtI hai| eka dezameM utpanna saba logoMko eka jAtIya kahanemeM usakI apekSA adhika bAdhA hai| Upara jo kucha kahA gayA vaha jAtizabdakA sthUla artha hai / isI bAtako jarA aura sUkSma bhAvase dekha liyA jAya to acchA hogA / prAyaH sabhI padAthoMke sambandha meM jAtizabdakA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, aura vaise prayogakI jagaha usakA artha prakAra ' yA ' taraha ' hai / usa vistRta arthake sAtha vartamAna AlocanAkA koI sambandha nahIM hai| mAnavasamaSTike sambandhameM jisa jisa arthameM jAti zabdakA vyavahAra hotA hai, usIkI isa samaya vivecanA karanI hai| ve artha pradhAnataH do haiM / AkAra-prakAra aura bhASA-vyavahAra Adike bhedase manuSyajAti jina saba bhinna bhinna zreNiyoM meM bA~TI jAtI hai unhIMko jAti kahate haiN| jaise--AryajAti, habazIjAti, hindUjAti, brAhmaNajAti, ityAdi / jAtizabdakA yaha eka artha hai / aura, eka dezameM yA eka rAjAkI adhInatAmeM jo rahate haiM unheM bhI eka jAti kahate haiM / jaise, aMgareja jAti hai| jAti zabdakA yaha aura eka artha hai / jAtitattvake jJAtA pAzcAtya paNDi (1) Genesis X, P. 32 dekho|

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cauthA adhyAya ] sAmAjika nItisiddha karma / 287 toMne prathamokta arthake anusAra jAtivibhAgake sambandhameM kucha niyama nirdhArita kara diye haiM / unake anusAra AkAra aura varNakA sAdRzya eka jAtitvakA nizcita lakSaNa hai / bhASAkA sAdRzya bhI eka lakSaNa hai sahI, lekina utanA nizcita lakSaNa nahIM hai| unake matase pRthvIke saba manuSya tIna pradhAna jAtiyoM meM baMTe hue haiN| jaise-(.) ithiopiyana yA kRSNavarNa, (1) maMgoliyana yA pItavarNa, (3) kAkAzayana yA zuklavarNa / bhAratake hindUloga inameMse krisa vibhAgake antargata haiM, isa bAre meM kucha matabheda hai| do yUropiyana paNDita ( jo isa deza meM Aye the) isa matako ThIka nahIM maante| unameMse eka to yahA~ taka pahuMce haiM ki unake matase bhAratavAsiyoMkA Arya aura anArya ina do zreNiyoM meM vibhakta honA svIkAra karane yogya nahIM hai, aura ' banArasake saMskRtakAlejake uccajAtIya chAtroMko aura rAste meM jhADU denavAle bhaMgiyoMko dekhakara yaha koI sapane meM bhI nahIM khayAla karegA ki ve donoM judI judI jAtike haiM ' (1) / yaha bAta ThIka ho yA na ho, bhASA agara jarA aura saMyata hotI to acchA hotaa| kintu bhASAke saMyata na honese kisIke cir3hane yA nArAja honekI jarUrata nahIM hai| asaMkhyavaicitryapUrNa mAnavamukhamaNDalake avayavoMkA sthUla paricaya sirpha kucha logoMke muMhase lekara sAre dezake logoMkI jAtike nirdezakA niyama kahA~ taka saMgata hai, yaha ThIka na kaha sakane para bhI, yaha ThIka kahA jA sakatA hai ki ghAta-pratighAtakA niyama jagameM apratihata hai / ataeva jina ucca jAtIya hinduoMne pAzcAtyoMko mleccha kahA hai unheM agara eka pAzcAtya paNDita jhADUdArake samAna batalAve to koI bar3e vismayakI bAta nahIM hai| magara kucha AzcaryakI bAta yaha avazya hai ki hinduoMke varNabheda arthAt jAtibher3akI jo loga itane tIvrabhAvase nindA karate haiM, unhIM meM vaha varNabhedakA jJAna itanA tIvra hai / matalaba yaha ki jo AtmAbhimAna isa varNabheda yA jAtibhedakI jar3a hai, use tyAga karanA ati. kaThina hai / ataeva isa AlocanAmeM AnuSaMgika rUpase yaha nIti upalabdha hotI hai ki kisI varNa yA jAtiko anya varNa yA jAtikI avahelA na karanI caahie| (1) Sir H. H. Risley's "The People of India" Pages 20-25 dekho|

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288 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga ise samAjakI prathama nIti mAnanA ucita hai| isakI saMbhAvanA bahuta thor3I hai ki saba zuklavarNa, yA saba pItavarNa, yA saba kRSNavarNa manuSyamaNDalI eka jAtIya samAjake antargata hogii| haraekake bhItara itane avAntara vibhAga haiM, itanA svArthakA anaikya hai ki kisIkI ekatAkA honA sahaja nahIM hai|| svArtha aura uddezyakI ekatA na rahanele jAtIya samAja gaThita nahIM ho sakatA, magara vaha svArtha aura uddezya burA na honA cAhie / yaha jAtIya samAjakI dUsarI nIti hai| ___ bure svArtha yA bure uddezyako siddha karaneke lie agara jAtIya samAja gaThita ho, to vaha na to suphala hI de sakatA hai, aura na bahuta samaya taka Tika hI sakatA hai| isa jagaha para bhAratake hindUsamAjameM rahanevAle jAtibheda aura hindU tathA musalamAnoMke jAtIya virodhake sambandhameM do-eka bAteM kahanA Avazyaka hai| hindUsamAjameM jAtibheda / hindasamAjameM jAtibheda saMbhavataH pahale varNabhedase hI paidA huA hogA / varNa zabdakA vyavahAra isa samaya bhI jAtike pratizabdake rUpameM hotA hai| zuklavarNa AyaMgaNa jaba kRSNavarNa zUdroMke sAtha Akara mile, donoMkA paraspara saMgharSaNa huA, usa samaya Arya aura zUdra, yaha jAtivibhAga yA varNavibhAga sahaja hI huA hogaa| phira zuklavarNa AryagaNa bhI kAryake anusAra brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya, ina tIna vibhAgoM meM ba~Ta gaye hoNge| isa taraha hindUsamAja brAhmaNa kSatriya, vaizya, zUdra, ina cAra vargoM meM ba~Ta gayA / pUrvakAla meM vidyAma, buddhimeM aura anya aneka sadguNoM meM brAhmaNa loga sabase zreSTha the / isI kAraNa usa samayake niyama vizeSarUpale brAhmaNoM ke anukUla the| usa samaya zUdra jAtimeM vaise sadguNa nahIM the, isI kAraNa usa samayake niyama unake anukUTa nahIM haiN| kintu acche karma karanese zuddha bhI prazaMsanIya hote haiM aura mRtyuke uparAnta. svargalokako jAte haiM-yaha bAta bhI spaSTarUpase zAstra meM likhI hai (1) / gItAmeM bhI bhagavAn zrIkRSNane kahA hai (5) manusaMhitA 10! 127-128 dekho|

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cauthA adhyAya ] sAmAjika nItisiddha karma / 289 vidyAvinayasampanne brAhmaNe gavi hastini / / zuni caiva zvapAke ca paNDitAH smdrshinH|| arthAt jo loga paNDita haiM ve vidyAvinayasampanna brAhmaNako, gaUko, hAthIko, kutteko aura cANDAlako, sabako sama-dRSTi se dekhate haiN| ___ maryAdApuruSottama Adarzacaritra rAmacandrane guha (cANDAla) ke sAtha mitratA kI thii| ataeva hInajAti kahakara kisIkI avajJA karanA hindUmAtrakA kartavya nahIM hai| ___ jAtibheda yA varNabhedane eka samaya samAjakI unnatimeM sahAyatA kI hai (6) / kintu isa dezakI aura hindUsamAjakI isa samaya jaisI avasthA hai, usase nimnazreNIkI jAtiyoMne bahuta kucha unnati pAI hai, ataeva ve Adarake yogya huI haiM / isa samaya pahalekI taraha unakA anAdara karanA unake sAtha anyAya vyavahAra karanA hogA, aura usase samAjakA bhI apakAra hogaa| kAraNa usase varNa-varNameM vairabhAva upasthita honeke kAraNa hindusamAja chinnabhinna tathA aura bhI nirbala ho jaaygaa| ataeva nyAyaparatA aura AtmarakSA ina donoMke anurodhase Avazyaka hai ki hindUsamAja saMkIrNatA chor3akara udAra bhAva dhAraNa kare / roTI-beTIke sambandhako chor3akara, anyAnya mAmaloMmeM nimnazreNIkI jAtiyoMke sAtha AtmIya bhAvase vyavahAra karanA, isa samaya ucca hindUjAtiyoMkA parama kartavya hai| yahI ucca hindU prakRtike yogya hai, aura yahI udAra hindUzAstrake dvArA anumodita hai| koI koI kaha sakate haiM ki roTI aura beTI inhIM do mAmaloMko kyoM bAda kiyA jAya ? isa praznake do acche aura ThIka uttara haiN| eka to, ina do bAtoMko bAda kiye vinA kAma nahIM clegaa| kAraNa, asavarNavivAha jo hai vaha kevala hindUzAstra meM nahIM, adAlatameM pracalita hindU-lAke anusAra bhI asiddha hai / aura, laukika hindUvivAhakA AIna (san 1872 I0 kA 15 vA~ AIna) hinduoMke lie lAgU nahIM hotA / phira aneka hinduoMkA aTala vizvAsa hai ki nimna varNake sAtha bhojana karanA zAstrameM niSiddha hai aura vaisA karanemeM adharma hogaa| isa vizvAsake viruddha AcaraNakI ceSTA avazya (2) Marshall's Principles of Economics P.304dekho| jJA0-19

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290 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga niSphala hogii| dUsare, ina do bAtoMko chor3a denese samAjakI ekatAke saMpAdanama vizeSa vighna nahIM hogaa| sAdhAraNataH logoMkA jIvanabharameM eka dina eka bAra vivAha hotA hai| kisakA kisake sAtha byAha ho sakatA hai, yaha jAnaneke lie bhI loga utane vyagra nahIM haiM / ataeva asavarNa vivAha na calane para bhI, parasparake dekhane, sunane, baiThane, khar3e hone, bAtacIta karane Ara santuSTa karane Adi pratidinake kAmoMse ( kisIke manake bhItara kisIke prati ghRNA yA IrSAkA bhAva agara na ho to) bhinna bhinna jAtiyoM meM AtmI. yatA aura ekatA sthApita karanemeM koI bAdhA nahIM ho sktii| AhAra avazya hI pratidinakA kArya hai, aura sabake eka sAtha eka jagaha baiThakara bhojana na kara sakanese avazya hI kucha asuvidhA hotI hai| AhArake sambandhakA jAtibheda dezabhramaNake lie bhI asuvidhAjanaka hai| kintu usa asuvidhAke sAtha kucha suvidhA bhI hai| jahA~ tahA~ aura jaba cAho taba bhojanakA honA Iya nahIM hai / agara jahA~ tahA~ aura jaba taba bhojana kiyA jAya, to bhojanake samaya aura bhojanakI sAmagrI, donoM bAtoMmeM aniyama honekI saMbhAvanA hai / aura, usase svAsthyahAni bhI ho sakatI hai| yaha bAta nahIM kahI jA sakatI ki svAsthyake niyamoM para sabhI logoMkI samAna AsthA hai| isI lie jaise taise AdamIke hAthase khAnekI sAmagrI lenA yuktisiddha nahIM hai| dekhA jAtA hai ki jo loga isa mAmale meM dRr3ha niyama pAlana karake calate haiM unakA svAsthya auroMkI apekSA acchA rahatA hai, aura unheM prAyaH utkaTa roga nahIM hote| brAhmaNasabhA, kAyasthasabhA, vaizyasabhA Adi jo sabhAe~ bhinna bhinna jAtiyoMkI unnatike lie sthApita hotI haiM unake dvArA hindUsamAjakA hita ho sakatA hai| kintu ve sabhAyeM yadi parasparake prati viruddha AcaraNa karane meM pravRtta hoM, to na khuda unakA kucha bhalA ho sakatA hai, aura na hindUsamAjameMse kisIkA upakAra ho sakatA hai| hindU-musalamAnoMkA vivaad| . hindU aura musalamAna donoM bhinna bhinna dharmAvalambI haiM, isa khayAlase unheM paraspara jhagar3A yA virodha na karanA cAhie / kisIkA - bhI dharma yaha nahIM kahatA ki tuma dUsarekA ahita kro| phira donoMko jaba eka hI deza meM

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cauthA adhyAya] sAmAjika nItisiddha krm| 291 eka sAtha rahanA hai, taba unake paraspara sadbhAva sthApita karanekI bar3I AvazyakatA hai| donoM kucha socakara samajhase kAma leM, to vaha asAdhya yA duHsAdhya bhI nahIM hai| musalamAna loga isa dezameM bahuta dinoMse haiN| ve loga jaba pahalepahala Aye the usa samaya, aura usake kucha dina bAda taka bhI, hindu oMke sAtha unakA asadbhAva thaa| kintu ve dina cale gaye / isa samaya usa bakAyA hisAbake nikAlanekI jarUrata nahIM hai / isa samaya bahuta dinoMse donoMmeM sadbhAva hotA A rahA hai| usa sadbhAvako bar3hAnekI ceSTA karanA sabakA kartavya hai| hindU aura musalamAna kabhI eka jAti ho sakeMge yA nahIM, yaha maiM nahIM kaha sktaa| kintu dezakI zikSA, svAsthya, zilpa, vANijya AdikI unnati karanemeM ve sabhI binA kisI rukAvaTake ekasamAjabaddha hokara kAma kara sakate haiM / aneka jagaha aisA karate bhI haiM, aura saba jagaha aisA hI karanA kartavya hai| 2 prativAsIsamAja aura usakI nIti / hamArA parosiyoMke sAtha ati ghaniSTa sambandha hai / prativAsIke iSTa ani. Take sAtha hamArA apanA iSTa-aniSTa aneka prakArase vijar3ita hai| eka parosIke gharameM koI saMkrAmaka roga upasthita honepara hamAre apane gharameM aura anya parosIke gharameM usa rogake pahuMcanekI saMbhAvanA hai, ataeva parosI loga sustha raheM, yaha dekhanA hamArA kartavya hai / kevala hamArA ghara sApha rahanA hI yatheSTa nahIM hai| kisI parosIkA ghara gaMdA rahanese usake kAraNa vahA~ roga praveza kara sakatA hai, aura vaha roga kramazaH hamAre parivArake logoM para bhI AkramaNa kara sakatA hai| hamAre kisI parosIke gharameM koI amaMgala ghaTanA honese, use dekhakara yA sunakara hamAre parivArake logoMko santApa athavA trAsa ho sakatA hai, aura usa santApa yA trAsake kAraNa unakA svAsthya aura utsAha naSTa ho sakatA hai / kintu hamAre parosI agara sukha aura svacchandatAse raheMge, to use dekhakara hamAre parivArake loga ullAsa utsAha pAkara sukhI ho sakate haiN| ataeva sahAnubhUti upakArakI icchA Adi parArthaparAyaNa pravRttiyoMkI bAta chor3a denese bhI, yathArtha svArthaparatAke anurodhase parosiyoMkA duHkha dUra karane aura unheM sukhI banAnekA yatna karanA hamArA kartavya hai|

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292 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga jinakI avasthA acchI hai unakA kartavya hai ki dhana aura sAmarthya ke dvArA yathAzakti parosiyoMkA upakAra kareM / unheM kabhI aisA kAma na karanA cAhie jisase kisI parosIke manako kaSTa phuNce| kisIke bhI manako kaSTa denA ucita nahIM hai / hama jaise apanA sukha cAhate haiM, vaise hI aura saba bhI sukha cAhate haiM / sArA jagat sukha cAhatA hai, duHkha nahIM cAhatA / maiM kSudra hone para bhI usI jagatkA aMza huuN| maiM jaba jagatkI usa icchAke anukUla kAma karU~gA, tabhI merA jagatmeM AnA aura rahanA sArthaka hogaa| aura, jo maiM usa icchAkI pratikUlatA karU~gA, to jagat mujhe sahajameM nahIM chor3egA / maiM kisIke manako kaSTa dUMgA, to vaha kaSTa vidveSa-bhAvakA rUpa dhAraNa kara legA, aura usa vidveSake phalase taraha tarahakI azAnti aura aniSTa ho sakatA hai| jo loga zrIsampanna haiM, unheM koI bhI kAma amita aura asaMyata ADambarake sAtha na karanA caahie| usameM akAraNa bahutasA dhana kharca hotA hai| vaha dhana bace to aneka acche kAmoM meM laga sakatA hai| phira vaise dRSTAntakA phala bhI ahitakara hai| jinake pAsa kucha dhana hai, ve unakI dekhAdekhI, kaSTa hone para bhI, vaise hI ADaMbarake sAtha kAma karanekI ceSTA karate haiM, aura phira pIche apaneko kSatigrasta samajhate haiN| jinake pAsa kucha bhI pU~jI nahIM hai, ve yaha socakara kaSTa pAte haiM ki hAya, hama vaise DhaMgase kAma nahIM kara sake ! hamAre samAjameM, vivAha Adi aneka kAmoMmeM atirikta arthavyaya, isI taraha docAra AdamiyoMkI dekhAdekhI unhIMke dRSTAntake anusAra hone lagA hai| maiMne eka pratiSThita raIsa AdamIke mu~hase sunA hai unake pitAkA niyama thA ki vaha apanI kanyAoMke vivAhameM atirikta arthavyaya na karake byAhake bAda kanyAko kucha sthAyI saMpatti de dete the / anya eka bahuta bar3e aizvaryazAlI buddhimAna yuvakane mujhase kahA thA ki unhoMne apanI strIko upadeza diyA hai ki sAdhAraNa nimantraNameM, jahA~ aneka striyoMke jamA honekI saMbhAvanA ho. vaha mAmUlI gahane aura kapar3e pahana kara jAyA kre| kAraNa, bahumUlya maNimuktAjaTita alaMkAra pahana kara jAnese apane manameM garva aura auroMke manameM kSobha utpanna ho sakatA hai| isa lie bahumUlya alaMkAra Adi kevala mA-bahana vagairaha svajanoMke sAmane hI pahananA ucita hai, kyoMki unheM usase sukha hogA,,

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cauthA adhyAya ] sAmAjika nItisiddha krm| 223 kSobha nahIM hogaa| ina donoM AdamiyoMkI bAteM bahuta ThIka aura acchI haiN| haraeka AdamIko inheM yAda rakhanA caahie| jisakI avasthA acchI nahIM hai use cAhie ki kisI saMpanna parosIkI avasthA dekhakara apane manameM kSobha na Ane de| usase usakA koI lAbha nahIM hai, balki apanI garIbIke kAraNa vaha jo kaSTa bhoga rahA hai vaha kaSTa aura bhI tIvra aura asahya jAna pdd'egaa| sAtha hI apanI AdhyAtmika unnatikI rAha ruMdha jaaygii| isa lie parasantApa na karake yathAzakti apanI avasthA acchI banAnekI veSTA karanA, aura parosiyoMke sukhameM sukhI honekA abhyAsa karanA ucita hai / aisA kareMge to apanI ceSTA aura parAye maMgalakI kAmanAse unakA maMgala hogaa| anyakI, khAsa kara parosiyoMkI, prIti aura zubhakAmanA bilkula hI tuccha bAta nahIM hai / maiM yaha nahIM kahatA ki usakA koI anaisargika yA alaukika phala hai| naisargika niyamase hI usakA suphala milatA hai| jise parosI pyAra karate haiM, aura jisakA bhalA honese sukhI hote haiM, usakA sabhI yathAzakti upakAra karate haiM, aura vakta-bevakta sabhI usa guNa gAte haiN| vaha guNagAna maukA par3ane para usake kAma AtA hai, upakAra karatA hai| __ prativAsI samAjakI carcAke sAtha sAtha hindUsamAjakI dalabaMdIke bAremeM bhI do-eka bAta kahanI Avazyaka haiN| hindUsanAjakA baMdhana zithila ho jAnese usameM dalabaMdIkA ADambara aura sAtha hI utsAhakI mAtrA bahuta kucha ghaTa gaI hai| jaba dalabaMdIkI prabala avasthA thI taba usake dvArA eka upakAra yaha hotA thA ki kucha sAmAjika aparAdhoMkA zAsana samAja hI kiyA karatA thA, unake lie adAlatakA daravAjA nahIM khaTakhaTAnA par3atA thaa| aura, mukaddamA unanese bahutase dhanakA nAza aura uttarottara jhagar3A bar3hanA Adi jo gurutara aniSTa isa samaya hote haiM, usa samaya nahIM hote the| kintu sAmAjika zAsana apanI icchAkA zAsana hone para bhI, samaya samaya para, sabala aura nirbalake virodhakI jagaha, usakA anyAya bhI asahya ho uThatA hai| sAmAjika zAsanake bIca, eka paktimeM baiThakara bhojana karanA roka diyA jAnA utanA asahya nahIM hai, lekina purohita nAI dhobI vagairahakA daNDitake ghara jAnA roka denA bar3A hI kaSTadAyaka hotA hai / dhobI

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294 jJAna aura karma / [ dvitIya bhAga nAI vagairahakA jAnA isI lie roka diyA jAtA hai ki usase aparAdhIko kaSTa mile | isake sivA dharmakI dRSTise usakA kucha prayojana nahIM hai, aura vartamAna kAlameM isa daNDakI prathA uTha bhI gaI hai / aparAdhI agara apane dharmase patita ho jAya, to usake ghara purohitako na jAne denA zAstrasaMgata ho sakatA hai, lekina isa samaya vaha daNDa bhI utanA kaSTadAyaka nahIM raha gayA hai / kAraNa, isa samaya purohitoMkA prayojana kama ho gayA hai / phira prayojana hone para aise vaise purohitoMko sabhI pAsakate haiM, aura vaise purohitoMko pAkara hI loga santuSTa ho jAte haiN| paMktibhojana baMda kara denA hI isa samaya dalabaMdIkA ekamAtra astra aura samAjakA zAsana raha gayA hai / usa zAsanase chuTakArekI rAha kevala yahI hai ki aparAdhakA agara prAyazcitta ho sakatA ho to vaha kara DAlo / sAmAjika aparAdha jitanA hI prAyazcittake dvArA miTa sakatA ho, aura vaha prAyazcitta jahA~ taka yuktisaMgata ho, utanA hI kalyANa hai / daNDa cAhe sAmAjika ho aura cAhe rAjanItika ho, vaha Age honevAle aparAdhako rokane ke lie hI vihita hai; usakA uddezya aparAdhIko kaSTa denA kabhI na honA cAhie / atIta aparAdhakA jisameM saMzodhana ho, vahI ceSTA karanA kartavya hai / samAjakI pavitratA banAye rakhaneke lie doSase ghRNA karanA Avazyaka hai, kintu sAtha hI logoMkI satpravRtti bar3hAne ke lie doSI para dayA karanA bhI ucita hai, aura jisase doSIke doSakA saMzodhana ho vahI rAha pakar3anA kartavya hai / prativAsIsamAjake saMbaMdha meM aura eka bAta sabhIko smaraNa rakhanI cAhie / vaha yaha ki samAjake antargata koI bhI vyakti cAhe jitanA bar3A dhanI mAnI vidvAn yA kulIna ho, samAja usakI apekSA bar3A aura saMmAnanIya hai / isa bAtase kisI bhI AtmAbhimAnako dhakkA nahIM laga sakatA / kAraNa, samAjA haraeka AdamI jAnatA hai ki usako aura anya dasa AdamiyoMko bhI lekara hI samAja hai / ataeva samAja avazya hI usase kucha bar3A hai / 3 eka dharmAvalambI samAja aura usakI nIti / eka dharmAvalambI sabhI AdamI kalpanA meM ekasamAjabhukta haiM / to bhI vaise vyaktiyoMkI saMkhyA atyanta adhika aura unake nivAsasthAna atidUravartI hone para unheM eka samAjake antargata kahane meM koI phala nahIM hai / kAraNa

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cauthA adhyAya ] sAmAjika nItisiddha krm| 295 vaisA vistRta samAja kisI vizeSa kAryako nahIM kara sktaa| kevala dharmasambandhI bar3e bar3e utsavoMmeM yA meloM meM (jaise kuMbhake mele meM ) vaise vistRta samAnake loga ekatra ho sakate haiM / sAdhAraNataH eka gavake yA nikaTastha do cAra gA~voMke rahanevAloMko lekara hI eka dharmAvalambaH logoMke samAjakA saMgaThana huA karatA hai| eka dharmAvalambI logoMke samagra samAjakA koI baMdhA huA niyama nahIM rahatA, aura rahanA saMbhavapara bhI nahIM hai| hindusamAja, vaSNavasamAja, musalamAnasamAja, krizciyanasamAja Adi isI tarahake haiN| 4 dharmAnuzIlanasamAja aura usakI nIti / aneka jagaha loga dharmakA anuzIlana karaneke lie samAjabaddha hote haiN| vaise samAja bhI prAyaH eka dhamAvalambI logoMko hI lekara saMgaThita huA karate haiN| isa tarahake samAjoM aura pUrvokta prakArake samAjoMmeM bheda yahI hai ki pUrvokta prakArake samAja svataHpratiSTita hote haiM, aura isa tarahake samAjoMkI sthApanA manuSyakI icchAse hotI hai / bhAratadharma mahAnagDana, baMgadharmamaNDala, AdibrAhmasamAja, navavidhAnasamAja, sAdhAraNa brAhmasamAja, AryasamAja AdisamAja icchApratiSThita samAjake dRSTAnta haiN| ___ Upara kahA gayA hai ki aise samAja akasara eka dharmAvalaMbI logoMko lekara hI gaThita hote haiN| kintu vidveSabhAvayukta na honepara, bhinna bhinna dharma mAnanevAle bhI eka jagaha baiThakara dharmakI carcA kara sakate haiM, vaisA honA asaMbhava nahIM hai| pRthvIke prAyaH sabhI pradhAna pradhAna dhamAkI mUla bAtoMmeM adhika virodha nahIM hai, aura jina bAtoMmeM virodha hai unakI bhI AlocanA zAntabhAvase kI jA sakatI hai / aura, usa AlocanAke phalase AlocanA karanevAle dharmako bhale hI na badala DAleM, unameM paraspara zraddhA sthApita ho sakatI hai| ___ isa tarahake samAjakI pradhAna aura atyanta Avazyaka nIti yaha hai ki koI kisIke dharmake Upara kisI tarahakI azraddhA na dikhAve / isa jagaha para yaha kaha denA Avazyaka hai ki dharmake anuzIlanakA uddezya do tarahakA ho sakatA hai-eka laukika, dUsarA pAralaukika / pahale uddezyake anusAra dharmAnuzIlanakA phala hai, apaneko dharmake viSayameM jJAna milanA aura samAjameM suzrRMkhalA-sthApana / dUsare uddezyase dharmake anuzIlanakA phala hai apane dharmake anuSThAnameM dRr3hatA aura parakAlameM sadgati honekA upAya krnaa|

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296 zAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga pahalA uddezya pradhAna rUpase isa lokake sAtha, aura dUsarA uddezya pradhAna rUpase paralokake sAtha sambandha rakhatA hai| dvitIya uddezyakI bAteM prayojanake anusAra 'dharmanItisiddha karma' zIrSaka adhyAyameM kucha kahI jaayNgii| prathama uddezyake sambandhameM vaktavya yaha hai ki dharmaviSayakI AlocanA jJAnalAbhahIke lie vidhisiddha hai| apanI buddhimattAkA paricaya deneke lie yA dUsarako jItanekI icchA caritArtha karaneke lie dharmaviSayakI AlocanA akartavya hai| kAraNa, usa tarahakI icchA rahane para zAnta bhAvase aura satyakI khojake lie AlocanA nahIM hogI-usameM daMbhakA bhAva aura kutarka A pdd'egaa| __ 5 jJAnAnuzIlanasamAja aura usakI nIti / sabhya jagatmeM jJAnAnuzIlana samAja bahutase aura aneka prakArake haiN| unakI niyama-praNAlI bhI aneka prakArakI hai| adhikAMza jJAnAnuzIlana samAja icchApratiSThita haiN| kucha rAjAke dvArA sthApita bhI haiM / vizvavidyAlaya prAyaH sabhI jagaha rAjAke dvArA sthApita haiN| anyAnya vidyAlaya prAyaH sabhI jagaha rAjAke dvArA sthApita haiN| anyAnya vidyAlaya, pustakAlaya, aura jJAnAnuzIlanase sambandha rakhanevAlI sabhAsamitiyA~ prAyaH icchApratiSThita haiN| rAjapratiSThita samAjake niyamoMko rAjA yA rAjAkI AjJAke anusAra samAja nizcita karatA hai| icchApratiSThita samAja apane apane abhiprAyake anusAra apane niyama nizcita karate haiN| kintu jJAna kI sImA bar3hAnA aura zikSAkI supraNAlI sthApita karanA, ina donoM viSayoMke alAvA aura viSayoM meM paraspara pratiyogitA ( lAga-DaoNTa) rahanA anucita hai| sabhI jJAnAnuzIlana samAjoMko isa sAdhAraNa nItikA pAlana karanA caahie| aneka jagaha vidyAlaya AdikI paraspara pratiyogitA ahitakA kAraNa ho uThatI hai| jahA~ vidyArthiyoMkI saMkhyA adhika nahIM hai, vahA~ eka viSayake ekase adhika vidyAlaya rahanese kisIko bhI subhItA nahIM hotaa| eka to suzAsanameM bAdhA par3atI hai| eka vidyAlayake niyama adhikatara dRr3ha honese vidyArthI loga dUsare vidyAlayameM cale jAte haiM, jahA~ pahalekI apekSA kama dRr3ha niyama hote haiN| dUsare eka hI kAryake lie do vidyAlaya rahanase akAraNa eka gunekI jagaha duganA dhana aura sAmarthya lagAnA par3atA hai| pratiyogitAmeM eka suphala bhI hai| vaha yaha ki haraeka pratidvandvI yathAzakti

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cauthA adhyAya ] sAmAjika nAtisiddha karma / 297 www.mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm. apanI avasthA uttarottara acchI banAnekI koziza karatA hai| kintu usa ceSTAkI saphalatA dhanake Upara nirbhara hai, aura usa dhanakI AmadanI agara vidyArthiyoMse milanevAlI phIsa aura sthAnIya logoMse milanevAle caMdeke sivA aura kucha na ho, aura usakA parimANa agara do vidyAlayoMke calaneke lie yatheSTa na ho, to eka hI jagaha do vidyAlaya calAnA suyuktisaMgata nahIM hai| vidyAlayake sambandhameM jo kahA gayA vahI anyAnya jJAnAnuzIlana samitiyoMke bAremeM bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| pratiyogitAko rokaneke lie koI koI itane vyagra haiM ki unake matase arthakA abhAva (dhanakI kamI) na rahane para bhI, eka sthAnameM eka prakArake ekase adhika jJAnAnuzIlana samAjoMkA rahanA anyAya hai / lekina yaha mata ThIka nahIM jAna par3atA / kAraNa, aisI jagaha Upara dikhAyA gayA pratiyogitAkA doSa honekI AzaMkA nahIM hai, aura pratiyogitAkA Upara kahA gayA suphala honekI saMbhAvanA sarvathA hai| jJAnAnuzIlana samitike sambandhameM aura eka sAdhAraNa nIti yaha hai ki jo loga isa tarahakI kisI samitike adhivezanameM upasthita hote haiM, unheM vahA~ anta taka zAntabhAvase rahanA cAhie / aisI AzA nahIM ki jA sakatI ki sabhAke sabhI kArya sabhIke lie jJAnaprada yA manoraMjaka hoMge / kintu isI lie agara aisA ho ki jisakA jaba jI cAhe uThakara cala de, to sabhAkA kAma acchI taraha calanemeM vighna par3a sakatA hai / upasthita sabhyoMke bIca bIcameM uThakara cale jAnekI gar3abar3ameM, jo loga baiThe rahate haiM ve sabhAke kAryameM acchI taraha mana nahIM lagA sakate, usameM bAdhA par3atI hai / agara koI kahe ki icchA na rahanepara bhI sabhAmeM baiThe rahanA kaSTakara hotA hai, to vaise AdamiyoMko sabhAmeM jAneke pahale isa bAta para vicAra kara lenA caahie| yaha bAta bhI nahIM kahI jA sakatI ki sabhA-samitiyoMmeM upasthita honA yA na honA sarvatra sabhyoMkI icchAke adhIna hai| kisI kAryakAriNI sabhAkA -sabhya honese, usa sabhAke adhivezanameM yathAsAdhya upasthita hI honA caahie| upasthita na honese use kartavya-pAlanameM truTi samajhanA hogA / jo loga isa tarahakI sabhAke sabhya niyukta hokara bhI niyamAnusAra upasthita nahIM hote yA upasthita nahIM ho sakate, unheM vaha pada chor3a denA cAhie / aisA

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298 jJAna aura karma / [dvitIya bhAga honepara dUsarA AdamI usa padameM niyukta ho sakatA hai, aura sabhAke kAryako calA sakatA hai| samitisambandhI padake lie nirvAcanakI vidhi|| jJAnAnuzIlanasamitise sambandha rakhanevAle kisI pada para vyaktike cunAvake sambandhameM kaI eka nItiyA~ haiM / unakA pAlana sabhIko karanA caahie| (1) nirvAcana-prArthIko sabase pahale apane manameM apanI yogyatA ThIka kara lenI caahie| sAtha hI yaha bhI ThIka kara lenA cAhie ki apanI usa yogyatAke pramANasvarUpa vaha samitike lie kyA vizeSa kArya kara sakatA hai| prArthita padake saMmAnakI apekSA jimmedArI bar3I hai, aura usa jimmedArIkA bojha lAda na sakanese sammAnakI jagaha lAMchanA hI hogI, yaha bhI use yAda rakhanA caahie| __ aneka jagaha loga pahale to apane cune jAneke lie vyagra dekhe jAte haiM.. kintu cunAva ho jAne para kAma karaneke lie kucha bhI vyagratA nahIM dikhAte, yaha atyanta anyAya hai| (2) jahA~ para nirvAcita honeke lie udyoga karanA niSiddha nahIM hai. vahA~ yathAsaMbhava udyoga karanemeM, arthAt vinayapUrvaka apanI yogyatAkA paricaya denemeM, doSa nahIM hai| kintu usa udyogake upalakSase koI ziSTAcArake viruddha kArya, khAsakara kisI pratiyogIkI nindA karanA, atyanta anucita hai| __ koI koI soca sakate haiM ki nirvAcita honeke lie kisI prArthIkA apaneko kevala yogya dikhAnA hI yatheSTa nahIM hai, balki use yaha dikhAnA cAhie ki vaha sabase bar3hakara yogya hai, aura isake lie jaise use yaha dikhAnA Avazyaka hai ki maiM yogya hU~, vaise hI yaha bhI dikhAnA Avazyaka hai ki mere anya pratiyogI ayogya haiN| kintu yaha acchI yukti nahIM hai| apane guNoMkA Apa bakhAna karanA hI vidhiviruddha hai, kAraNa, usase AtmAbhimAna bar3hatA hai| usa para dUsareke doSoMkA kIrtana to kevala ziSTAcArake viruddha hI nahIM vAstavameM apane lie aniSTakara bhI hai| kAraNa, usake dvArA IrSA-dveSa Adi saba kupravRttiyoMko prazraya milatA hai / usa tarahakI rAha pakar3anameM logoMkI padavRddhi saMbhAvanA raha sakatI hai, lekina AtmAkI avanati usakA nizcita phala hai|

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2199 cauthA adhyAya ] eka orase dekhaneneM jAna par3atA hai ki nirvAcita honeke lie jo jitanA udyogahIna hai, vaha utanA hI yogya hai| lekina hIM. isa bAreseM koI koI sandeha kara sakate haiM ki jo udyogahIna hai vaha nirvAcita honepara apane usa padakA kAma karanemeM kahA~taka tatparatA dikhA sakegA ? kintu vaise AdamIkI kartavyaparAyaNatAke Upara nizcinta bhAvase bharosA kiyA jA sakatA hai, aura yaha AzaMkA amUlaka haiM ki vaha kartavyapAlanameM bhI udAsIna hI rahegA / sAmAjika nItisiddha karma / " ( 3 ) nirvAcana karanevAloMko smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki unheM jo cunAmeM mata prakaTa karanekA adhikAra hai vaha kevala unake apane apane hinake lie nahIM hai, sArI samitike hitake lie haiM / ataeva vaha adhikAra jimmedArI bhI rakhatA haiM / aura vaha mata manamAne DhaMgase prakAzita na honA cAhie, balki yathAsamaya samitike hitapara dRSTi rakhakara, prArthiyoMmeMse jo adhika yogya ho usIke anukUla prakaTa kiyA jAnA cAhie / 1 nirvAcakoM se aneka loga soca sakate haiM ki jahA~ para ekase adhika padoM ke lie eka sAtha nirvAcana ho, aura padoMkI apekSA prAthiyoMkI saMkhyA adhika ho, tathA prArthiyoMmeM eka AdamI bahuta hI yogya aura una ( nirvAcakoM) kI vizeSa zraddhAkA pAtra ho, vahA~ kevala prathama padake lie usI yogya aura vizeSa zraddhAbhAjanake anukUla mata dekara anya kisI bhI prArthIke anukUla mata na prakaTa karanA hI acchA hai; kAraNa, aisA honese usa zreSTha prArthIse anukUla oroMke adhika mata arthAt voTa ikaTThe ho jAyeMge, usake nirvAcanakI bAdhA kama ho jAyagI, aura dUsarA nirvAcita AdamI cAhe jo ho, usame kucha hAni-lAbha nahIM / kintu yaha samajhanA bhI vidhiviruddha hai| nirvAcakoMkA kartavya hai ki ve apane jJAnake anusAra, jina jina padoMke lie loga cune jAyeMge una una padoM ke lie yogya AdamIke anukUla mata prakaTa kareM / aisA na karanese ve apane kartavyakA pAlana na karaneke doSa bhAgI hoNge| phira, Upara jisa kauzalakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, usakA phala bhI kyA hogA, yaha koI pahalese nahIM kaha sakatA / ukta kauzala karanevAloMke svIkAra karaneke anusAra hI to dvitIya padake lie unake koI mata prakaTa na karanese usa padake lie ayogya AdamI bhI cunA jA sakatA hai, aura pahalA pada bhI unake vizeSa zraddhApAtra AdamIko na milakara dUsare kisIko mila sakatA hai /

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300 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga jahA~ eka padake donoM prArthI kisI nirvAcaka (voTara ) ke baMdhu haiM, vahA~ usa avasthAmeM nirvAcaka kabhI kabhI yaha soca sakatA hai ki kisIke bhI anukUla mata na dekara cupa rahanA hI acchA hai| kintu yaha bhI niyamaviruddha hai| apane jJAnake anusAra mata prakaTa karanA nirvAcakakA kartavya hai| usa 'jagaha para bandhutvakI rakSA vicAraNIya viSaya nahIM hai| (4) nirvAcanakI praNAlIke sambandha paNDitoMke bIca matabheda hai| isa jagaha para pahale do bAteM ThIka kara lena Avazyaka hai| eka yaha ki nirvAcakoMmeMsa sabake matakA mUlya samAna hI samajhA jAyagA yA usameM kucha itara vizeSa rahegA / dUsarI yaha ki yadi do prArthiyoMke anukUla matoMkI saMkhyA samAna hogI to kyA kiyA jAyagA? pahalI bAtake saMbaMdhameM vaktavya yaha hai ki sabhI nirvAcakoMke matakA mUlya prAyaH sarvatra hI samAna jAnA jAtA hai / eka bahudarzI buddhimAna paNDita aura dhArmika matakA mUlya eka anabhijJa alpamati alpazikSita svecchAcArIke matake mUlyakI apekSA adhika hone para bhI, usa mUlyakI ThIka nyUnAdhikatA nizcita karanekA koI upAya nahIM hai / kAraNa, abhijJatA, buddhimattA, -pANDitya Ara dharmaparAyaNatAkA sUkSmabhAvase parimANa nahIM kiyA jAsakatA / ataeva jahA~ tAratamyakA pariNAma ThIka nahIM kiyA jAsakatA, vahA~ saba nirvAcakoMke matakA mUlya tulya mAnanA hI par3egA / kevala eka jagaha saba nirvAcakoMke matakA mUlya samAna nahIM ginA jAsakatA, aura usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki usa sthala para usakA tAratamya rakhanA Avazyaka hai, aura sahaja hI usakA parimANa kiyA jAsakatA hai| vaha eka jagaha yaha hai-jahA~ para nirvAcita AdamI nirvAcakoMkI saMpattike Upara 'kara ' sthApana Adike niyama nirdhArita kara sakatA hai| vaise sthalameM kama aura bahata dhanI nirvAcakake matakA mUlya tulya honese, jaba prathamokta zreNIke nirvAcakoMkI saMkhyA adhika hogI taba usI zreNIke logoMkA nirvAcita honA saMbhavapara hogA, aura yaha bAta hone para nirvAcita vyaktike dvArA anumodita niyamavAlI alpadhanasaMpanna vyaktiyoMke anukUla aura adhikadhanasaMpanna logoMke lie apekSAkRta pratikUla honekI saMbhAvanA hai| isI kAraNa aise sthalameM kisI vizeSa parimitavittasampanna vyaktike matakA mUlya eka mAna kara, kramazaH dugane tigane ityAdi pari

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cauthA adhyAya ] sAmAjika nItisiddha krm| 301 mANake dhanavAle vyaktike matakA mUlya 'do' 'tIna' ityAdi ginA jAtA hai| dUsarI bAtake sambandhameM vaktavya yaha hai ki do prArthiyoMke anukUla nirvAcakoMke matoMkI saMkhyA samAna hone para, agara kisI sabhAmeM nirvAcana ho, to sabhApatike atirikta matake anusAra nirvAcana ThIka huA karatA hai| anyatra isa sambandhameM vizeSa niyama rahanekI AvazyakatA hai| aba yahI ThIka karanA bAkI hai ki nirvAcaka loga prArthiyoMke anukUla apanA apanA mata kisa taraha prakaTa kreN| jahA~para nirvAcana eka padake lie hai, aura prArthI kevala do jane haiM, vahA~ to kucha jhaMjhaTa nahIM hai / haraeka nirvAcaka jisa prArthIko yogya samajhe, usIke anukUla apanA mata prakaTa kare, aura adhikAMza mata jisa prArthIke anukUla hoMge vahI nirvAcita hogaa| jahA~ eka padake lie dose adhika prAthIM haiM, vahA~ nimnalikhita do praNA-- liyoMmeMse kahIM pahalI, aura kahIM dUsarI kAmameM lAI jAtI hai| pahalI praNAlI / anumAna kara lo, tIna prArthI haiM, ka, kha aura ga / nirvAcaka 19 AdamI haiN| unake mata isa taraha haiM-yathA 8 ka ke anukUla haiM, 6 kha ke anukUla haiM, 5 ga ke anukUla haiM / ka ke anukUla sabase adhika mata honeke kAraNa ka kA nirvAcana hogaa| isa praNAlIke anukUla kevala itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki nirvAcakoMmeMse adhikAMzake matase ka prathama sthAna pAneke yogya hai, ataeva prArthiyoMmeM ka sarvazreSTha hai| kintu isake viruddha yaha Apatti hai ki yadyapi ka ne ATha AdamiyoMke matase prathama sthAna pAyA, aura kha yA ga koI bhI utane nirvAcakoMke. matameM prathama sthAnakA adhikArI nahIM huA, kintu ka anya gyAraha nirvAcakoMke matameM kevala tRtIya sthAnakA adhikArI mAtra ho sakatA / aura, unameMse koI kha kA prathama sthAnakA aura ga ko dvitIya sthAnakA, aura koI ga ko prathama sthAnakA aura kha ko dvitIya sthAna kA, adhikArI samajhatA hai / kha aura ga meMse agara koI eka prArthI hotA to anya gyArahoM nirvAcakoMkA mata apane anukUla pAtA / ataeva prathama praNAlIkA yaha vicitra phala hotA hai ki ka kI agara akele kha ke sAtha yA akele ga ke sAtha pratiyogitA hotI.

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jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga to vaha nahIM nirvAcita hotA / kintu eka sAtha usakI apekSA kama yogya do pratiyogiyoMke rahanese usakA nirvAcana ho rahA hai| yaha bAta saMgata nahIM jAna pdd'tii| isI kAraNa aneka jagaha nimnalikhita dUsarI praNAlI kAmameM lAI jAtI hai| isa jagaha yaha kaha denA Avazyaka hai ki agara koI prArthI nirvAcakoMmeMse Adhese adhika azaMkA anukUla mata pAve, to usake sambandhameM Upara likhI Apatti lAgU na hogii| dUsarI prnnaalii| prathama nirvAcanameM jisake anukUla sabakI apekSA alpasaMkhyaka mata prakaTa hue, use nikAlakara bAkI prArthiyoMke bAremeM mata liye jAyeMge / usameM agara koI prArthI AdhI saMkhyAse adhika nirvAcakoMkA anukUla mata pA jAya, to vaha nirvAcita hogA / agara yaha bAta na huI, to phira jo sabakI apekSA thor3e anukUla mata pAvegA, use nikAlakara anya prArthiyoMke sambandhameM pahalekI taraha mata liyA jAyagA / isI taraha kramazaH prArthiyoMko nikAlate nikAlate jaba dekhA jAyagA ki kisI prArthIke anukUla Adhese adhika saMkhyAmeM anukUla mata prakaTa huA hai taba vahI nirvAcita hogA, yaha nizcita kiyA jaaygaa| Uparake dRSTAntameM, dubArAke mata-prakAzanakA phala isa taraha ho sakatA hai ka ke anukUla 8 AdamI kha ke anukUla 11 AdamI yA ka ke anukUla 9 AdamI ga ke anukUla 10 AdamI aura pahalI avasthAmeM kha, dUsarI avasthAmeM ga nirvAcita hogaa| isa praNAlIke viruddha kevala yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jisa jagaha nirvAcakoMkI saMkhyA adhika hai aura ve ekatra jamA hokara mata nahIM prakaTa karate, vahA~ dubArA tibArA caubArA mata prakaTa karanA sahaja nahIM hai-kaSTasAdhya hai, aura usameM kharca bhI adhika pdd'egaa| isI kAraNa isa praNAlIke nyAyasaMgata honepara bhI, ise saba jagaha kAmameM lAnA kaThina hai| isa asuvidhAkI Apatti prasiddha gaNitazAstrajJa lAplAsekI anumodita praNAlIse bacAI jA sakatI hai| use tRtIya praNAlI kheNge|

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cauthA adhyAya ] sAmAjika nItisiddha krm| 303 tIsarI praNAlI / mAna lo ki 7 AdamI prArthI haiN| haraeka nirvAcaka apane matake anusAra, prArthiyoMke guNoMke tAratamyake kramase unake nAma likha le, aura unake nAmoMke pAsa-pAsa kramapUrvaka 7 se lekara 1 taka aMka likhe / isa taraha saba nirvAcakoMkA mata le cukanepara, haraeka prArthIke nAmake pAsa vAle saba aMka jor3a liye jaayeN| usameM jise sabase adhika saMkhyA milegI, vahI nirvAcita hogA (.) / yaha praNAlI kalpanAmeM eka prakArase sarvAMgasundara hai, kintu kAryataH ise calAnA kaThina hai| kAraNa, prArthiyoMkI saMkhyA kucha adhika hone para unheM guNAnusAra uttarottara sthApita karanA sahaja nahIM hai| ekase adhika padoMke lie eka sAtha nirvAcana karanA ho, to bhI tIsarI praNAlI kAmameM lAI jAsakatI hai, aura jo do tIna ityAdi prArthI sabase adhika saMkhyA pAveMge, ve hI nirvAcita hoMge / kintu usa jagaha Upara kahe gaye guNAnusAra kramase nAmoMko rakhanA ati kaThina hai / yaha Apatti prabala hai, aura isI kAraNa aise sthalameM Upara likhI huI pahalI praNAlI hI kAmameM lAI jAtI hai| nirvAcanake sambandhameM Upara jo kahA gayA hai, vaha prAyaH sabhI prakArakI samitiyoMse sambandha rakhanevAle cunAvake bAremeM kahA jAsakatA hai| (6) arthAnuzIlanasamAja aura usakI nIti / dhanake anuzIlana aura dhanake upArjanakI suvidhAka lie loga aneka prakArake niyamoMse samAjabaddha hote haiN| unameMse kucha rAjapratiSThitaniyamake adhIna haiM-jaise, vakIla bairisTaroMkA samAja / anya adhikAMza samAja samAjabaddha vyaktiyoMkI icchAse sthApita niyamoMke adhIna haiN| arthAnuzIlana samitikI kAryapraNAlI aura hisAba vagairaha bahuta hI jaTila mAmale haiN| unheM aneka loga acchItaraha samajha nahIM skte| phira arthalAlasA bhI atiprabala pravRtti hai, aura vaha sahajahImeM logoMko kupathagAmI kara detI hai / ataeva una saba samitiyoM ke netAoMko dekhanA cAhie ki unakI kAryapraNAlI aura hisAba rakhaneke niyama yathAsAdhya jahA~ taka sarala aura sarva (1 isa sambandhameM Tod hunter's History of the Theory of Probablity, pp. 374, 433 and 547 dekho|

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304 jJAna aura karma / [ dvitIya bhAga sAdhAraNakI samajhameM Ane lAyaka banAye jA sake vahA~ taka vaise hI banAye jaayeN| aura aisA koI kAma na kiyA jAya jisake Upara sandehakI chAyA bhI par3a ske| ___ arthAnuzIlana samitikI nItikI bAta kahanemeM dhanI aura majadUrokA sambandha, majadUroMkI har3atAla, dhanI logoMkA ekahatthA ( ekahIke hAthameM rahanevAlA) vyavasAya, vakIla-bairisTaroMke saMpradAyake niyama aura cikitsakasaMpradAyake niyama, ina kaIeka viSayoMkI kucha AlocanA karanA Avazyaka hai| dhanI aura majadUroMkA sambandha / ___ svArthaparatA manuSyakI eka svabhAvasiddha pravRtti hai / AtmarakSAke lie usakA prayojana hai| lekina saMyata na honese, usase, AtmarakSA na hokara, ulaTA hI phala (AtmavinAza ) hotA hai| jisa svArthake lie loga adhika udvigna hote haiM, usakA anyAyarUpase pIchA karanemeM usI svArthakI hAni hotI hai| saMsArake bAjArameM sabhI pUrA lAbha cAhate haiM / kintu ekakA anucita lAbha anyakI anyAyarUpase kSati kiye binA ho nahIM sakatA / kAraNa, dravya aura usake mUlyakA prAyaH sarvatra hI eka tarahase nirdiSTa sambandha hai| kharIdanevAlA agara cIjako usase kama mUlyameM lene jAyagA, yA becanevAlA usase adhika mUlya mA~gegA, to donoMmeMse eka pakSako avazya hI kSatigrasta honA pdd'egaa| dhanI kama mUlyameM mehanata kharIdanA cAhatA hai, aura majadUra adhika mUlyameM mehanata becanA cAhatA hai / isa taraha eka pakSakA anyAyya lAbha honese dUsare pakSakI anucita kSatikA honA anivArya hai| hamAre bhogakI cIjoMmeMse adhikAMza cIjeM hI dhanI aura majadUra donoMke sahayogase utpanna hotI haiN| aisA bahuta kama jagaha dekhA jAtA hai ki eka hI AdamI dhanI (pU~jIvAlA) aura majadUra donoM hI ho| aura, aise sthaloM meM utpanna vastukA parimANa alpa hI hotA hai| dhanI aura majadUroMkA virodha dina dina bar3hatA hI jA rahA hai / samaya samayapara rAjA bhI usa virodhako miTAneke lie hastakSepa karate haiN| kabhI kabhI AInake dvArA rAjya yaha bhI nizcita kara dete haiM ki majadUra loga kala kArakhAnoM meM kucha nirdiSTa ghaMToMse adhika kAma nahIM kareMge / yaha prazna dUsarA hai ki rAjAkA isa mAmalemeM isa taraha hAtha DAlanA kahA~taka nyAyasaM

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cauthA adhyAya ] sAmAjika nItisiddha karma 305 gata aura kalyANakara hai / kintu isa taraha hastakSepase dhanI aura majadUroMke jhagar3ekA phaisalA honA saMbhava nahIM jAna par3atA / kisI vizeSa prakArake kAryake lie dezameM kitane majadUroMkI jarUrata hai, aura vaisA kAma karane ke lie samartha kitane majadUra dezameM haiM, ina donoM praznoMke uttarake Upara usa zreNIke majadUroMkI mehanatakA mUlya sAdhAraNataH sabhI jagaha nirbhara rahatA hai / majadUroM ke bIca paraspara pratiyogitA ( lAga - DA~Ta ) hI usa mUlyako nirddhArita kara detI hai / yaha bAta svAbhAvika hai ki dhanI usa mUlyase adhika kucha bhI nahIM denA cAhegA / aura, majadUroMkI ApasakI lAga-DaoNTa hI unake lAbhakA vighna aura kaSTakA kAraNa ho uThatI hai / kisI ba~dhe hue niyamake dvArA usa kaSTakA nivAraNa saMbhavapara nahIM hai / kAraNa, majadUroMkI ApasakI lAgasia sabhI niyamoMkoM nA~ghakara unake zramake mUlyako kama nizcita kara degI / jAna par3atA hai, unake kaSTanivAraNakA eka mAtra upAya yahI hai ki dhanIloga sahRdayatAse kAma leM, aura apane lAbhakI lAlasA yA lobhako kucha chor3a deM, arthAt usa saccI svArthaparatAkA khyAla kareM, jo parArthaparatA ke virUddha nahIM hotI / pU~jIvAle dhanI loga agara majadUroMse kamase kama majadUrImeM kAma karA sakane para bhI sahRdayatAvaza unake kaSTa dUra karaneke lie kucha yatna kareM, to ve majadUra bhI sukhI ho sakate haiM, aura dhanI logoMko bhI koI kSati nahIM hogI / kucha svacchandatAse rahane pAveM, arthAt paise kaur3Ise taMga na raheM, to majadUra bhI pahalese adhika mehanata kara sakeM, aura dhanI pU~jIvAloMkA kAma acchI taraha kara sakeM aura yadi dhanIloga majadUroMke lie adhika kharca kareMge to usake badale meM antako acchA kAma pAveMge / phira dhaniyoMko jaise sahRdayatA Avazyaka hai, vaise hI majadUroMmeM saujanya Avazyaka hai, arthAt unheM bhI dhaniyoMkA kAma bharasaka yatnake sAtha karanA ucita hai / isa taraha sahRdayatA aura saujanyakA lenadena honese hI vaha sahadayatA sthAyI ho sakatI hai, nahIM to pU~jIvAle pratidAna na pAkara aura kSati* grasta hokara adhikadina taka sahRdayatA dikhAyeMge, yA dikhA sakeMge, aisI AzA nahIM kI jAsakatI / asala bAta yaha hai ki dhanI aura majadUra donoMke lie sadbhAvakI sthApanA aura donoMke hitasAdhanakA eka mAtra upAya yahI hai ki donoM pakSa apanI asaMyata svArthaparatAko jJAna aura vivekake dvArA saMyata kareM / jJA0-20

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306 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga kisI pakSake svArthatyAgakA prayojana nahIM hai, vaha saMbhavapara bhI nahIM hai| kintu donoMhIko usa svArthakA anugAmI honA cAhie, jo asalI nyAyasaMgata aura isI lie sthAyI hotA hai, aura jisake sAtha nyAya-saMgata parArthakA koI virodha nahIM hai / usI nyAyaparatAkA bodha dhanI aura majadUra donoMke hRdayameM paidA hue binA, bAharake niyamoMke dvArA, unake virodhakA nivRtta honA kabhI saMbhava nahIM hai| ataeva donoM pakSake aura janasAdhAraNake hitake lie, dhanI aura majadUroMkI acchI AmadanIke lie, kAryanipuNatAkA zikSA jaile Avazyaka hai, vaisehI anucita svArthakA saMyama aura svArtha-parArthakA sAmaJjasya karaneke lie nIti-zikSA bhI Avazyaka hai| hdd'taal| dhanIlogoMko suvidhAke anusAra niyama banAneko vivaza karaneke lie majadUra loga samaya samaya para har3atAla DAla diyA karate haiM, arthAt saba milakara pratijJA karake kAma karanA baMda kara dete haiM / isa tarahakI har3atAla nyAya-saMgata hai yA nahIM, isa praznakA uttara saMkSepameM yaha hai___ agara sabhI majadUra apanI icchAse apane hitake lie mehanata-majadUrI karanA asvIkAra kareM, aura dhanIloga unake lie subhIteke niyama jabataka na banAveMge tabataka kAma na karanekI pratijJA kareM, to use anyAya nahIM kahA jaasktaa| lekina majadUroMkA kartavya hai ki ve pahalehIse yathAsamaya pU~jI. vAle dhaniyoM ko apane irAdekI sUcanA de deN| kintu har3atAla karaneke lie agara majadUroM se koI aura majadUroMko DarA dhamakA kara unase kAma baMda karAve, yA kAma baMda karavAnekI ceSTA kare, to unakA vaha kArya anucita hI kahanA pdd'egaa| kAraNa, sabhIko apanI icchAke anusAra kAma karanekA AdhakAra hai, Ara jo AdamI bhaya dikhAkara usa adhikArameM bAdhA DAlatA hai, usakA va, kArya nyAya-saMgata nahIM hai| ekahatthA vyavasAya / majadUroM ke lie jaise apane subhIteke vAste kisIko bhI bhaya na dikhAkara apanI apanI icchAke anusAra har3atAla karanA anyAya nahIM hai. vaise hI dhAnayoMke lae apa lubhAteke vAste, asat upAyako kAmameM na lAkara, anyako koI khAsa

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cauthA adhyAya] sAmAjika nItisiddha krm| 307 rojagArase alaga karanele nivRna karake, usa rojagArako ekahatyA kara lenA (apane hI hAthameM kara lenA) anyAya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kAraNa, usake dvArA anya kisI vyavasAyIkI svAdhInatAmeM kisI tarahakI bAdhA nahIM pdd'tii| aura ekahatthA rojagAra karanevAle rojagArI loga apane rojagArako vistRtarUpase calAnemeM samartha hokara usa rojagArake sambandhakA kAma apekSAkRta thor3e khacameM acchI taraha nivAha sakate haiM, aura usa rojagArakI cIjako thor3e kharcameM taiyAra karake thor3e mUlyameM beca sakate haiN| ekahatyA rojagArakA yaha phala sarvasAdhAraNake lie hitakara hai| kintu ekahatthA rojagArI apanI icchAke anusAra apanI cIjakI dara kAyama kara sakatA hai, aura apane rojagArakI cIjakA parimANa icchAnugara kama yA adhika kara sakatA hai, aura usase sarvasAdhAraNakI kSati honekI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| isake sivA ekahatthA rojagArI agara bhaya dikhAkara yA anya kisI anucita upAyane aura kisIko vaha rojagAra alaga na calAne de, to usakA vaha kAma anyakI svAdhInatAmeM bAdhA DAlanevAlA hai| aise sthaloM meM ekahatyA ke anyAya kahanA par3egA (1) / vakIla vairisTaroMke saMpradAyakI krtvytaa| vakIla bairisTaroMke saMpradAyakI kartavyatAke sabandhameM samaya samayapara jo prazna uThate haiM, unameMse nimnalikhita cAra vizeSa vivecanAke yogya haiN| 1-aparAdhI yA anyAyakArIke pakSakA samarthana kahA~ taka nyAya-saMgata hai| 2-kisI mukadamekI pUrva avasthAmeM eka pakSakA kAma karake usake uparAntakI avasthAmeM anyapakSakA kArya karanA kahA~taka nyAya-saMgata hai? 3-kisI vakIla-bairisTarako eka samayameM kaI mukadameM upasthita hone para kyA karanA cAhie? 5-jo kAma le liyA hai use karanemeM asamartha honepara usake lie lI huI phIsa lauTA denA Avazyaka hai ki nahIM ? har3atAla aura ekahatthA vyApArake sambandhameM Sidgerrick's Political Economy, Bk II, Ch. X, marshall's Principles of Economics Bk. V, Ch. VIII, aura Encyclopaedia Britannica VoL XXXIII, Article Strikes and Trusts dekho|

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308 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga ___ prathama praznake sambandha meM vaktavya yaha hai ki vakIla yA bairisTara agara kisI AdamIko apanI jAnakArIse aparAdhI yA anyAyakArI samajha leM, to usa vyaktiko usa aparAdhake daNDa yA usa anyAyakAryake phalabhogase chur3Aneke lie usake pakSake samarthana meM niyukta honA, AInake anusAra niSiddha na hone para bhI, sadAcArake anusAra unakA kartavya nahIM hai| kAraNa, usa avasthAmeM vaha vyakti apane doSako dUra karaneke lie apanI hArdika ceSTA karaneko samartha nahIM hosakatA, vaisA ho sakanA saMbhava hI nahIM hai| lekina jo vaha AdamI apane aparAdha yA anyAya kAryako khuda svIkAra karake kevala daNDa yA pratizodhaparimANa ghaTAne ke lie usa vakIla yA bairisTarakI sahAyatA mA~ge, to usa jagaha usake pakSameM khar3e honemeM koI bAdhA nahIM raha sktii| jo vyakti apanI ora niyukta karanA cAhatA hai usake aparAdha yA anyAyakAryako, vakIla yA bairisTara apane jJAnase na jAnakara, kevala anumAna kareM, to usake pakSake samarthanako asvIkAra karanA ucita nahIM hai| jabataka usakA aparAdha yA anyAya kArya adAlatake vicArase nizcita na ho, tabataka usako doSI mAna lenA anucita hai| lekina jahA~ usake pakSake samarthanakI ceSTA saphala honekI saMbhAvanA bahuta thor3I hai, vahA~ vaha bAta usase kaha denA, aura mukadamA agara ApasameM samajhautA karaneke yogya ho to rAjInAmA kara lenekI salAha denA, vakIla bairisTarakA kartavya hai| ___ isa prathama praznake sambandhameM eka saMkaTakI jagaha hai| vakIla yA bairisTara abhiyukta AdamIko niraparAdha samajhakara usake pakSakA samarthana karaneke lie jaba niyukta ho cuke, usake bAda agara vaha AdamI khuda usa vakIla yA bairisTarake Age apanA aparAdha svIkAra kare, to usa samaya usakA kyA kartavya hai ? aneka buddhimAnoMkA yahI mata hai ki usa samaya mukadamA chor3a denA vakIla yA bairisTarako ucita nahIM hai / kAraNa, aisA honese vaha vyakti bar3I hI vipattimeM par3a jaaygaa| yaha mata nyAya-saMgata jAna par3atA hai| koI koI kaha sakate haiM ki vaha vyakti jaba apanI hI svIkRtike anusAra doSI hai, taba usake lie phira vakIlakA abhAva naI vipatti nahIM hai| usakA mukadamameM hAranA aura apane doSakA pratiphala pAnA hI nyAya-saMgata hai aura vaisA na honese use samAjakI vipattei kaheM to kaha sakate haiM / ye saba

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cauthA adhyAya sAmAjika nItisiDa kana: bAteM avazya saca hai, lekina usake doSakA pranipala inarI vivecanA anu. sAra nahIM nirUpita hogA, Ainake anusAra nirana hogA, aura vaha nirapita pratiphala hama logoMkI samajhase ati kaThina ho sakatA hai / jo ina pratiphalakA vidhAna karatA hai, vaha AIna hI jada use kakolanI sahAyata leneke adhikArase vaMcita nahIM karatA, balki apane vakIlake Age doSa svIkAra karaneko usake viruddha pramANake rUpameM grahaNa karanekA niSedha karatA hai, taba vaisI svIkAroktike lie use kSatigrasta karanA munAsiba nahIM hai| __ dUsare praznake uttarameM yaha bAta kahI jA sakatI hai ki yadyapi vizeSa avasthAmeM vakIlake lie pakSa-parivartana Ainake anusAra niSiddha na ho, to bhI nyAya aura yuktike anusAra vaha vidhi-siddha nahIM jAna par3anA / kAraNa, mukadamekI prathama avasthAmeM vakIla jisake pakSameM thA, usa vyaktikA apane mukadamekI bahutasI gopanIya bAne vizvAsa karake use batA denA bahuta saMbhava hai| ataeva pakSa-parivartana karanese vakIla usa taraha jAnI huI eka pakSakI gopanIya bAtoMkA vyavahAra usIke viruddha nahIM kara sakatA, athaca icchApUrvaka vaisA na karanepara bhI samaya samayapara aisA ho sakatA hai ki vaha vaisA kiye binA raha nahIM sktaa| jaise-jisa jagaha vaha jisa pakSakA vakIla huA hai usa pakSake viruddha kisI ApattikA khaNDana usI gopanIya bAtake Upara saMpU. rNarUpase nirbhara hai, usa jagaha usa bAtakA prayoga apane mavakkilake anukUla na karake cupa rahanA doSa hai, aura udhara usako kaha dene meM bhI dopa hai| isa tarahake ubhaya saMkaTako bacAneke lie pakSaparivartana na karanA hI vakIla-bairisTarakA kartavya hai| aise sthala aneka haiM, jahA~ ukta prakArakA ubhaya saMkaTa Apar3anekI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai / jaise-agara koI apIla-adAlatameM kisI mukadamameM vakIla kiyA jAya aura natthIke ( adAlatameM dAkhila kiye hue ) kAgajapatra dekhaneke sivA aura kisI taraha mukadamekI koI bAta use mAlama na huI ho, to, vaha mukadamA phirase vicArake lie nIcekI adAlatameM jAneke bAda agara phira apIla ho, usa apIlameM usa vakIlake dUsare pakSameM khar3e honeke bAre meM vizeSa bAdhA nahIM dekha pdd'tii| lekina jaba apIla-adAlatameM bhI mukadamekI gopanIya bAteM vakIlako mAlUma ho jAnA ekadama asaMbhava nahIM hai, taba pakSaparivartanakA sAdhAraNa niSedha sarvatra mAnanA hI acchA hai|

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jJAna aura karma / [ dvitIya bhAga isa sambandha meM mukadameM meM donoM pakSa ( pharIkaina ) kucha anucita vyavahAra karate haiM / bahutoMkI icchA hotI hai ki mukadameM meM adAlata ke saba acche antoint apanI hI tarapha rakha leM, kamase kama apane virodhIke pakSameM jAnese unheM roka rakkheM / aisI jagaha, jina vakIloMke bAremeM yaha prasiddha hai ki ve pakSaparivartana nahIM karate, unheM loga mukadameM ke kisI sAdhAraNa kAmameM lagAkara samajhate haiM ki unheM to aTakA liyA gayA, aba dUsare vakIlako apane mukadame meM rakha lenA cAhie / ataeva vaha acchA vakIla, jo sAdhAraNa kAma dekara aTakA liyA gayA hai, agara dUsare pakSameM jAnA nAmaMjUra karegA to usakI avazya Arthika hAni hogI / kintu isake lie use vicalita na honA caahie| isa tarahake U~ce darjekai rojagArameM kucha Arthika hAni bahutahI tuccha bAta hai / 310 tIsare praznakA sahaja uttara yaha hai ki eka samaya meM kaI mukadameM honekI saMbhAvanA ho to vakIlakA kartavya sabhI mukadamoMke lie taiyAra rahanA hai / aura jo mukadamA sabase pahale zurU ho, usImeM use upasthita honA caahie| taba use koI doSa nahIM de sakatA / jisa adAlata meM ekase adhika vicAraka haiM, aura eka samaya meM unakI alaga baiThaka hotI hai, usa adAlata meM avazyahI eka samayameM ekase adhika mukadamoMkI sunavAI hogI, aura aisI hAla meM Age koI yaha bhI nahIM kaha sakatA ki kauna mukadamA kaba zurU hogA / ataeva usa tarahakI adAlatake vakIla loga jaba kisI mukadame meM niyukta hote haiM, taba unheM niyukta karanevAlA avazya isI vizvAsase kAma karatA hai ki vaha vakIla usake mukadameM meM upasthita honeke lie yathAsAdhya ceSTA karegA, kintu ekahI samaya meM ekase adhika jagahameM kisI taraha upasthita nahIM ho sakegA, aura jo mukadamA pahale zurU hogA usImeM upasthitaH honeke lie vaha bAdhya hogA / kabhI kabhI aisA hotA hai ki kisI vakIlake do mukadameM saMbhavataH prAyaH ekahI samayameM zurU hoMge, aura unameM jo Age zurU hogA usameM usa vakIlakA eka yogya sahakArI bhI hai, aura vaha mukadamA bhI sahaja hai, lekina jo mukadamA kucha dera bAda zurU hogA, usameM usakA koI upayukta sahakArI bhI nahIM hai, aura vaha mukadamA bhI kaThina yA jaTila hai / aisI jagaha meM usa dUsare mukadame meM upasthita honAhI usa vakIlakA kartavya jAna par3atA hai|

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cauthA adhyAya ] sAmAjika nItisiddha karma / 311 cauthe praznake uttarameM yahIM taka kahA jA sakatA hai ki jahA~ mukadameMmeM upasthita honeke lie vakIlane yathAsAdhya ceSTA kI hai, aura mukadamA zurU honeke samaya vaha, jisa adAlatakA vakIla hai usI adAlatameM, anya vicArakake sAmane, upasthita thA, vahA~ nyAyake anusAra vaha liye hue phIsake rupaye phera deneke lie vAdhya nahIM hai| kAraNa, aisI jagahake lie, tIsare praznakI AlocanAmeM kahA jA cukA hai-mukadameMke calAnevAle loga isI vizvAsase vakIla niyukta karate haiM ki vaha ( vakIla ) mukadameM meM upasthita honeke lie yathAsAdhya yatna karegA, aura vaha jisa adAlatakA vakIla hai usa adAlatameM upasthita raha kara bhI agara anya vicArakake ijalAsameM upasthita rahaneke kAraNa. kisI mukadameMmeM upasthita na ho sake, to usake lie vaha jimmedAra nahIM ho sktaa| kintu, yadi vaha anya kisI adAlatameM calA jAya, aura isa kAraNa usake mukadameMmeM upasthita na ho sake, to mavakkilakI icchAke anusAra usakI jo rakama lI hai vaha phera denA usakA kartavya hai| vakIla bairisTaroMkA pezA unheM eka bahuta acchA kAma karaneke lie yatheSTa suyoga detA hai, aura usa suyogake anusAra vaha acchA kAma karanA unakA kartavya ginA jAsakatA hai / vaha acchA kAma hai, mukadamA zurU honeke pahale aura pIche bhI donoM pakSoMko ApasameM samajhautA kara lenekA upadeza denA / sabhI jagaha vaha upadeza utanA prayojanIya nahIM bhI hosakatA hai, aura aneka jagaha usakA niSpala honA bhI saMbhavapara hai| kintu bahuta jagaha aisI bhI hotI hai, jahA~ vaha upadeza atyanta vAMchanIya aura hitakara hotA hai| jaise jahA~ vAdI (muddaI ) aura prativAdI (muddAleha) donoM meM ati nikaTasambandha hai, athavA mukadamekA phalAphala atyanta anizcita hai, vahIM mukadamA calanese kevala virodha bar3hegA aura donoM pakSoMkA bahuta sA rupayA svAhA ho jaaygaa| isake alAvA hAra jAne para hArane vAleko mAnasika vyathA jo pahu~ cegI so ghAtemeM ! aisI jagaha donoM pakSoMko kucha kucha hAni svIkAra karake bhI jhagar3A miTAlenA caahie| cikitsaka saMpradAyakI krtvytaa| cikitsakakA kAma jaisA gauravayukta hai vaisA hI bar3I jimmedArIkA hai usake hAthameM prAyaH prANa taka sauMpa diye jAte haiN| phira cikitsakase agara

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312 zAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga eka bAra bhrama yA bhUla ho jAya to bAdako usake sudhAranekA upAya aura samaya prAyaH nahIM raha jAtA / vakIla-bairisTara yA vicArakase agara bhramabhUla hojAya to punarvicArake dvArA usakA saMzodhana ho sakatA hai, magara cikitsakake bhrama-bhUlako sudhAraneke lie punarvicArakI jagaha hI nahIM hai| __usake uparAnta kaI eka kAraNoMseM cikitsakakA kAma ati kaThina ho uThatA hai| ___ eka to rogiyoMkI prakRti itane prakArakI judI judI hotI hai. aura eka hI roga itane vibhinna prakArake rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai ki cikitsakane pustakoM meM par3hakara jo vidyA prApta kI hai kevala usIke Upara bharosA karanese kisI taraha kAma nahIM cltaa| use prAyaHsabhI jagaha apanI buddhi lar3AnI par3atI hai, anubhavase kAma lenA par3atA hai|| dUsare rogIkA zarIra zithila kAtara hotA hai, mana bhI aneka jagaha asthira hotA hai, phira usake AtmIya svajana bhI cintAse vyAkula aura ghabarAye hue se hote haiN| ataeva jinake nikaTa rogakA byaurA mAlama ho sakatA hai ve cikitsakakI vaha sahAyatA karanemeM asamartha hote haiN| lekina vyAkulatAke mAre cikitsakako, praznapara prazna karake, khijhAye binA unase rahA bhI nahIM jaataa| tIsare aneka samaya rogIkI Arthika avasthA aisI hotI hai ki vaha upayukta cikitsAkA kharca calAnemeM akSama hotA hai| ___ cauthe rogIkI jarUrata jo hai vaha vakta-bevakta nahIM dekhatI / aura, aneka jagaha aise asamaya yA kusamayameM cikitsakako bulAnekI AvazyakatA hotI hai ki cikitsakake lie apane svAsthya aura subhItekI ora dRSTi rakhakara calanA durghaTa ho uThatA hai| ___ inhIM saba kAraNoMse cikitsakakI kartavyatAke sambandhameM aneka prazna uTha sakate haiN| jaise (1) cikitsakakA apanI na jAnI huI aura na jA~cI huI davA denA kahA~ taka nyAya-saMgata hai ? (2) cikitsAko rogIkI Arthika avasthA aura pravRtike upayogI banAnA kahA~taka cikitsakakA kartavya hai ?

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cauthA adhyAya ] sAmAjika nItisiddha karma / (3) rogIko yA usake AtmIya-svajanoMko yaha batA denA cikitsakakA kahA~taka kartavya hai ki rogIkI hAlata kaisI hai, aura usake ArogyalAbhakI saMbhAvanA kaisI yA kitanI hai ? (4) rogIko dekhaneke lie agara bulAvA Ave to usakA khayAla karaneke lie cikitsaka kahA~ taka bAdhya hai| / prathama praznake sambandha to jo cikitsAzAstra meM anabhijJa hai usakA kucha kahanA dhRSTatAmAtra hai| kintu jo loga cikitsAzAstrakA kucha bhI jJAna nahIM rakhate, unhIMke mana meM yaha prazna Age uThatA hai, aura vizeSa udvegakA kAraNa hotA hai| jo loga cikitsAzAstrakA jJAna rakhate haiM, ve kisI naI davAkA prayoga karanemeM jaise sAhasI ho sakate haiM, vaise ve nahIM ho sakate jo cikisAzAstrakA jJAna nahIM rkhte| pichalI tarahake loga naI davAke prayogake avasara para duzcintAmeM par3a jAte haiM / plega, DipUthiriyA, sUtikAjvara Adi rogoMmeM una una rogoMkA viSa rogIke zarIrameM (TIkeke dvArA) praviSTa karAkara rogako dUra karanekI cikitsA isa dezameM jaba pahale pahala calAI gaI thI, taba aneka loga usase Dare the; aura, yaha bAta nahIM kahIM jA sakatI ki vaha bhaya akAraNa thA, yA isa samaya saMpUrNa rUpase calA gayA hai / sAdhAraNataH auSadhake prayogake sambandhameM cikitsakake Upara rogIko aura usake AtmIya svajanoMko bharosA karanA caahie| kintu jisa jagaha cikitsAke nayepana yA utkaTabhAvake kAraNa ve loga vaisA bharosA nahIM kara sakate, vahA~ cikitsakako vaha naye DhaMgakI cikitsA roka hI denI caahie| dUsare praznake uttarameM avazya hI yaha kahanA hogA ki cikitsA aisI na honI cAhie ki vaha rogIke 'vitta-bAhara' ho, yA pravRttike viruddha ho| jahA~ roga tIna saptAhake pahale dUra nahI ho sakatA, vahA~ agara pahalehI saptAhameM rogIkI sArI pU~jI kharca ho jAya, to phira zeSa do saptAhoMkI cikitsAkA kharca kahA~se AvegA? aisI jagaha rogIkI avasthA dRSTi rakhakara, usake lie yathAsaMbhava kama dAmakI davAkA prabandha karanA, aura eka dina dekha kara do-tIna vyavasthA batalA denA, cikitsakakA kartavya hai| jahA~ prANa nikala jAnepara bhI rogI mAMsa nahIM khAyagA ( jaise kisI brAhmaNake gharakI vidhavA, vaiSNava yA jainI), vahA~ usake lie mAMsake rasakI vyavasthA karanA kadApi ucita nahIM hai|

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314 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga tIsare praznake sambandhameM vaktavya yaha hai ki rogakI yathArtha avasthA kyA aura kaisI hai, aura Arogya lAbhakI saMbhAvanA kahA~ taka hai, yaha rogIse batAdenemeM usase rogIkI duzcintA aura sAthahI-sAtha usakA roga bhI bar3ha sakatA hai, isa lie rogIko ye bAteM batAnA anucita hai| lekina rogIke AtmIyasvajanoMko ye bAteM batAdenA cikitsakakA Avazyaka kartavya hai| aura, jahA~ ekase adhika cikitsaka eka sAtha salAha karake cikitsA karate haiM, vahA~ unakA kartavya hai ki salAhake samaya unakA jo matAmata prakaTa ho vaha rogIke AtmIya-svajanoMko bhI btlaadeN| kAraNa, ye saba bAteM jAnanA unake lie Avazyaka hai| ina bAtoMko binA jAne ve upayukta rUpase yaha ThIka nahIM kara sakate ki cikitsAke sambandhameM unakA apanA kartavya kyA hai| ve cikitsAzAstrase ekadama anabhijJa ho sakate haiM, aura yaha bAta cikitsaka loga unakI apekSA bahuta acchI taraha jAna sakate haiM ki kisa tarahakI cikitsAkA kyA phala hogaa| kintu saMsArakI yaha eka vicitra pahelI hai ki kisa cikitsAko dikhAnese-suphala prApta hogA, yaha ThIka karanekA bhAra unhIM anabhijJa logoMke sira para hai| asAdhya yA cikitsAse bahirbhUta rogameM bhI cikitsakako dikhAnA, rogIke rogakI zAntike lie ho yA na ho, lekina usake AtmIya svajanoMke kSobha kI zAnti aura santoSake lie avazya Avazyaka hai| ataeva jisase unakA vaha kSobha miTa jAya usa upAyake avalambanameM unakI sahAyatA karanA cikitsakakA dharma hai| cauthe praznakA saMkSepameM sahI uttara yaha hai ki rogIke bulAvekA khayAla karanA, arthAt usakA bulAvA Ane para vahA~ jAneke lie yathAsAdhya ceSTA karanA, cikitsakakA kartavya hai| isa dezameM eka sAdhAraNa kahAvata hai ki jo sA~pakA mantra jAnatA hai. use agara koI sA~pake kATe rogIkI jhAr3a-phUMkake lie bulAne Ave, yA kamase kama usake kAnoMtaka kisI taraha vaha khabara pahu~ca jAya, to cAhe vakta ho cAhe bevakta ho, use usI dama vahA~ jAnA cAhie, agara nahIM jAyagA to usakA ghora akalyANa hogA yaha bAta bahuta hI uttama hai aura isakA bhAva yaha hai ki jo AdamI kisI kaThina pIr3A yA rogakI cikitsA jAnatA hai use agara cikitsA karaneke lie bulAvA Ave to vahA~ jAnA usakA kartavya hai|

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cauthA adhyAya ] sAmAjika nItisiddha krm| 315 cikitsakakA rojagAra sAdhAraNa rojagAra nahIM hai| vaha rogIse dhana le yA na le, eka tuccha bAta hai| rogI yA usake AtmIya svajana cikitsakase jo pAnekI AzA karake use bulAte haiM vaha eka amUlya padArtha hai vaha prANoMkA dAna hai| cAhe kucha dhana lekara ho aura cAhe na lekara ho, vaha amUlya padArtha denA jisake rojagArakA uddezya hai, use kabhI yaha nahIM socanA cAhie ki maiMne bulAnevAlese dhana to liyA hI nahIM, phira maiM usake bulAnese usake yahA~ jAneke lie vAdhya kaise ho sakatA hU~? cikitsakase loga jisa amUlya pratika dAnakI yAcanA karate haiM usase kisIko bhI vaMcita na karanA hI usakA kartavya hai-usakA dharma hai| cikitsakoMko isa para bhI dRSTi rakhanI cAhie ki cikitsAzAstrakA kucha bhI jJAna na rakhanevAle vijJApanI vaidya .jo Ajakala akhabAroM meM pralobhanase pUrNa jhUThI bar3AIse bhare apane laMbe-caur3e noTisa chapavAte haiM, aura ekahI davA sau sau rogoM para kAma karanevAlI batAkara logoMko Thagate haiM aura Ayurvedako isa taraha badanAma karate haiM--logoMke dhana aura prANa donoMko naSTa karate haiM, unakA pracAra pabalikameM na bar3hane pAve / carakajIne (.) kahA hai ki jo cikitsaka nahIM hai usakI davA indrake vajrase bhI bar3hakara bhayAnaka hai| 7 guru-ziSyasambandha aura usakI nIti / guru-ziSya sambandha ati prayojanIya aura ati pavitra saMbaMdha hai| koI cAhe jitanA buddhimAn aura kSamatAzAlI kyoM na ho, guruke upadezake binA vaha kisI bhI viSayakA saMpUrNa jJAna nahIM prApta kara sakatA, aura kisI bhI viSayameM acchI taraha karmakuzala nahIM ho sktaa| kisIke bhI nikaTa Apa kisI viSayakA jJAna yA kisI kAmameM nipuNatA prApta karaneke lie jAie, vaha agara sneha aura yatnake sAtha vaha jJAna na de, yA vaha kAma na sikhAve, to vaha zikSA phaladAyaka nahIM ho sktii| gurukA vaha Antarika sneha yA yatna prApta karaneke lie gurukI bhakti karanA Avazyaka hotA hai| vartamAnakAlameM prAyaH dhanahIke badalemeM zikSA avazya dI jAtI hai, kintu to bhI vAstavameM sneha aura bhaktikA AdAna-pradAna hI isa sambandhakI jar3a hai| aura, isI kAraNa yaha sambandha atyanta pavitra hai| (1) carakasaMhitAkA pahalA adhyAya dekho|

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jJAna aura karma / [ dvitIya bhAga kisI kisI vizeSa sthala meM, jaise dharmake upadezako lene meM, yaha Avazyaka hai ki guru aura ziSya donoM eka dharmAvalambI hoN| isake sivA anyatra guru aura ziSya agara bhinna bhinna dharmAvalambI aura bhinna bhinna jAtIya hoM, to koI hAni nahIM hai| balki hindUzAstra meM aisAhI honekI vidhi hai / manujI kahate haiM-- zraddadhAnaH zubhAM vidyAmAdadItAvarAdapi / << 99 316 ( manu 2 / 238 ) laukikaM vaidikaM vApi tathAdhyAtmikameva ca / AdadIta yato jJAnaM taM pUrvamabhivAdayet // " ( manu 2 / 117 ) arthAt zubha vidyAko nIca jAtIya puruSase bhI zraddhApUrvaka grahaNa karanA caahie| aura phira kahate haiM -- laukika, vaidika tathA AdhyAtmika, koI bhI jJAna jisase pAve use pahale praNAma karake saMmAnita karanA cAhie / f6 ataeva jinase kisI bhI viSayakI zikSA prApta kI jAya, vaha cAhe jisa jAti aura saMpradAya ke hoM, unakA saMmAna aura bhakti karanA ziSyakA avazya kartavya hai / aura, ziSya bhI cAhe jisa jAti aura saMpradAyakA ho, usake sAtha yatna- pUrvaka snehakA vyavahAra karanA gurukA Avazyaka kartavya hai / guru aura ziSya bhinna bhinna jAtIya honese, kabhI kabhI aisA bhI ho sakatA hai ki jAti ke abhimAnavaza gurukA yathAyogya saMmAna aura bhakti ziSya nahIM karatA, aura guru bhI ziSya ke sAtha yathocita yatnapUrvaka snehakA vyavahAra nahIM karatA / kintu aisA honA atyanta anyAya aura duHkha janaka hai tathA usakA phala bahutahI azubhakara hai / jise guru kaha kara mAnanA hogA, ziSya ho jAnepara dopa- guNakA vicAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jaba ziSya ho cuke, taba usake doSa - guNakA vicAra na karake usakI bhakti, kamase kama sammAna, karanA cAhie | bhakti-saMmAna na karanese usake nikaTa zikSA prApta karanA saMbhavapara nahIM / kyoMki vaisA honese usakI bAtoM para AsthA nahIM hogI, aura usakI bAteM mana lagAkara sunI nahIM jAya~gI / udhara guruke. lie bhI yahI bAta hai / jise ziSya kaha kara grahaNa kiyA jAya, to phira usakI ziSya honekI yogyatAkA vicAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vaha vicAra

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cauthA adhyAya ] sAmAjika nItisiddha karma / 317 pahale hI kara lenA ucita thaa| ziSyarUpase use svIkAra kara lene para usako snehakI dRSTise dekhanA, kamase kama yatnapUrvaka zikSA denA, gurukA kartavya hai| guru aisA nahIM karegA to vaha vidyArthI zikSAkA pUrNa phala nahIM prApta kara skegaa| guru agara ziSyako ayogya kaha kara usako zikSA denekI, aura usake unnatisAdhanake lie yatna karanekI, jimmedArIse chuTakArA pA sakatA hai, to zipyake hitake lie kAma karanekI usakI ceSTA bahuta kucha zithila ho jaaygii| ataeva gurumeM agara ziSyake prati yatna aura snehakA abhAva hotA hai to vaha usake kartavyapAlanakI bAdhA bana jAtA hai| ___ Upara kahA gayA hai ki guru-ziSyakA sambandha eka bAra sthApita ho jAne para ekako dUsarekI yogyatA ayogyatAkA vicAra karanekA adhikAra nahIM rahatA, taba gurukI bhakti karanA hI ziSyakA kartavya ginA jAtA hai, aura ziSyako yatnapUrvaka snehake sAtha zikSA denA gurukA bhI kartavya ho jAtA hai| ataeva guru-ziSyakA sambandha sthApita honeke pahalehI ziSyako parIkSApUrvaka gurukA cunAva karanA cAhie, aura vaisehI guruko bhI ziSyakA nivAcana karanA caahie| kintu isa tarahakA nirvAcana kaThina hai, aura aneka jagaha asaMbhava hai| eka to ziSya jo hai vaha buddhike aparipakva aura jJAnake alpa honeke kAraNa guruke nirvAcanameM samartha nahIM ho sakatA / agara kahA jAya ki usake mA-bApa yA anya abhibhAvaka usake lie gurukA nirvAcana kara de sakate haiM, to vartamAna samayake vidyAlayoMke niyamAnusAra vaisA honA saMbhava nahIM hai| chAtra yA usake AbhabhAvaka vidyAlayako chA~Ta sakate haiM, lekina vahA~ke zikSaka chA~TanekA unheM koI AdhakAra nahIM hai| chAtra yA usake abhibhAvaka U~ce darjeke suniyamoMse saMcAlita vidyAlaya chA~Ta sakate haiM, kintu vahA~ unake manakA guru chA~TA jAnA asaMbhava hai| vaisehI guru, arthAt vidyAlayakA zikSaka, bhI apane manakA chAtra nahIM nirvAcita kara sakatA / vaha cAhe jo ho, guru aura ziSya donoMkA kartavya ha ki cittako sthira karake yathocita rUpase paraspara vyavahAra karake apane kartavyakA pAlana kreN| guru-zipyake sambandhakI aura eka vizeSatA hai| ziSyase zAsanake dvArA kAma kara lenA guruke lie yatheSTa nahIM hai| gurukA kartavya ziSyako zikSA denA hai, zAsana karanA nahIM hai / zAsana aura zikSAmeM bahuta bar3A antara hai| zAsanakA uddezya hai ki zAsita vyaktiko, usake hRdayameM cAhe jo ho, bAhara

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318 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga kisI vizeSa kAryameM pravRtta yA usase nivRtta karanA / zikSAkA uddezya hai ki zikSita vyaktike bhItarI doSa saMzodhita ho jAyeM, aura vaha utkarSa prApta kare ataeva zAsana jo hai vaha bhaya dikhAkara ho sakatA hai, aura zikSA jo hai vaha bhaktikA udreka hue binA nahIM hotii| 8prabhu-bhRtyakA sambandha aura usakI nIti / saMsArayAtrAke nirvAhake lie prabhu-bhRtyakA sambandha ati Avazyaka hai / saMsArameM aneka kAma aise haiM jinheM hama khuda nahIM kara sakate, anyakI sahAyatAse ve kAma karane hote haiM, aura vaha sahAyatA pAneke badale meM sahAyatA karanevAleko vetana ( tanakhvAha ) denA par3atA hai / jahA~ kAma U~ce darjekA hai, vahA~ sahAyakako bhRtya nahIM kahate, use karmacArI yA sahakArI kahate haiN| prabhukA kartavya bhRtyake sAtha sadaya vyavahAra karanA aura usake sukha aura svacchandatA para bhI kucha dRSTi rakhanA hai| aisA karanese usase, binA tAr3anAke anAyAsa pUrNamAtrAmeM kAma karA liyA jA sakatA hai| udhara bhRtyakA kartavya hai, sarvadA yatnake sAtha dhyAna dekara prabhukA kAma karanA / aisA karanese vaha prabhuse sadaya vyavahAra pAsakatA hai| arthAt dInoMmeMse haraeka apane kartavyakA pAlana yatnapUrvaka kare, to donoMhI paraspara eka dUsareke kartavyapAlanameM sahAyatA kara sakate haiM, aura usake dvArA donoMkA vizeSarUpase upakAra hosakatA hai| jo prabhu bhRtyake Upara sahRdayatAkA bhAva rakhaneke kAraNa usase adhika parizrama na karAkara yathAsAdhya apanA kAma Apa karatA hai, vaha bhRtyako hI bhaktibhAjana nahIM hotA, khuda bhI bahuta kucha parAdhInatAse mukta rahatA hai / kAraNa, jo prabhu jitanA apane bhRtyase sevA lenameM vyagra rahatA hai, vaha utanA. hI apane bhRtyake vaza hojAtA hai| 9 denevAle-lenevAlekA sambandha aura usakI niiti| denevAle aura lenevAlekA saMbandha bar3A hI vicitra hai| ekakA abhAva (kamI ) aura dUsarekI usako pUrNa karanekI icchA, ina donoMke milanese denevAle aura lenevAlekA sambandha tathA anyAnya nAnA prakArake sambandha sthApita hote haiN| vaha abhAva dhanakA bhI ho sakatA hai, sAmarthyakA bhI ho sakatA hai| binA badaleke aura ke abhAvako pUrA karanA hI dAna kahalAtA hai, * aura isa tarahakI abhAva-pUrtise hI dAtA aura lenevAleke sambandhakI sRSTi

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cauthA adhyAya ] sAmAjika nItisiddha krm| 319 hotI hai| badalA lekara abhAva pUrNa karanese uttamarNa (praNa denevAlA) adhamarNa (RNa lenevAlA), prajA jamIMdAra, kharIdAra beMcanevAlA, prabhu bhRtya ityAdi aneka prakArake sambandha utpanna hote haiN| aisA bhI ho sakatA hai ki dAtA aura lenevAlA donoMhI koI khAsa AdamI yA vyaktiyoMkA samUha yA samiti hoM; athavA eka pakSa koI khAsa AdamI ho aura dUsarA pakSa vyaktiyoMkA samUha yA samiti ho| prAcInakAlake samAjameM aura vartamAna kAlake purAne DhaMgake samAjameM, kisI khAsa AdamIke dvArA kisI khAsa AdamIkA abhAva pUrNa honA hI pracalita prathA thI, aura hai| pahale isa bAtakI mImAMsA ho jAnA Avazyaka hai ki usa tarahakA kArya kartavya hai ki nhiiN| eka tarapha sabhI dezoM meM kyA kavi aura kyA nItijJa, sabhIne dAnakI bahuta bahuta prazaMsA kI hai / isa dezake smRtizAstra meM bhI dAna kI bar3I mahimA aura bar3AI dekha par3atI hai| hemAdrikRta catuvargacintAmaNi granthakA dAnakhaNDa isa bAtakA pramANa hai| isake sivA janasAdhAraNameM dAnakI pravRtti paidA karaneke lie aneka prakArake zloka siddhAntoMkI racanA huI hai| unameMse eka yahA~ para likhA jAtA hai| bodhayanti na yAcante bhikSAdvArA gRhe gRhe| dIyatAM dIyatAM nityamadAtuHphalamIdRzam // arthAt bhikSuka loga ghara ghara bhikSA nahIM mA~gate, balki yaha upadeza dete haiM ki na denevAlekI aisI dazA hotI hai / isa lie nitya dAna karate rho| __ dUsarI tarapha arthatatva aura samAjatatva (1) ke jJAtA paNDita kahate haiM ki avivecanApUvaka dAna karanese usakA phala azubha yA hAnikArI hotA hai| jo loga parizrama karake apane aura samAjake lie prayojanIya cIjeM utpanna yA taiyAra kara sakate, ve baiThe baiThe khAneko pAkara AlasI ho jAte haiM, dUsareke parizramakA phala bhoga karate haiM, aura samAjako usa phalake bhogase kucha kucha vaMcita karate haiN| isa kAraNa vinA vicAra kiye dAna karanese Alasyako Azraya milatA hai| ayogya pAtra yA kupAtrako dAna denA avazyahI vidhiviruddha hai| bhagavAn kRSNacaMdra kahate haiM (1) sugewick's Political Economy grantha ke zeSa adhyAyako saMbaMdha dekhaa|

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320 jJAna aura karma / dvitIya bhAga daridrAn bhara kAnteya mA prayacchezvaraM dhanam / / __ arthAt he kuntInandana, daridroM (garIboM) kA bharaNa-poSaNa kro| samartha yA dhanI AdamIko mata dhana do| __ yaha mahApuruSakA vacana sadA yAda rakhanA caahie| parantu jo AdamI kisI tarahake abhAvase par3akara kaSTa pA rahA hai, aura sahAyatA cAhatA hai, vaha apane doSase kaSTa pArahA hai, yaha socakara use dAnake ayogya samajhanA, usakI prArthanAko ekadama pratyAkhyAna karanA, arthAt sUkhA javAba de denA, kaThina hRdayakA kaThora kArya jAna par3atA hai| prArthIke doSa-guNake anusAra dAnakA parimANa ThIka karanA caahie| kintu prANadhAraNake lie upayogI sahAyatA pAneke lie, jAna par3atA hai, koI bhI abhAva pIr3ita AdamI ayogya nahIM hai| isake sivA koI koI kahate haiM ki vyaktivizeSakA dAna janasAdhAraNakA utanA upakAra nahIM krsktaa| unake matameM sabhIkA kartavya yaha hai ki jo dAna kiyA jAya vaha yogya sabhA-samitike hAthameM diyA jAya, aisA honese eka to dAna yogya pAtrako milanekI saMbhAvanA Adhika hai, dUsare dasa-pA~ca AdamIkA dAna ekatra hokara janasAdhAraNake vizeSa hitakara kAmameM lagasakatA hai| yaha bAta avazya satya hai, lekina dAnake rupae sabhA samitike hAthameM jAnase, jaise eka tarapha usase sarvasAdhAraNakA adhika hita honekI saMbhAvanA hai, vaisehI dUsarI tarapha usase sarvasAdhAraNakI kSati bhI hai| kAraNa, sabhI agara apane dAnake rupae sabhA samitiyoMke hAthameM sauMpa deM, to sAkSAt-sambandhameM haraeka vyaktike dAnakA parimANa kama ho jAyagA, aura prabhAvapIDitake kAtara vacanoMpara dhyAna na denekA aura prArthIko vimukha karanekA abhyAsa ho jaaygaa| isI taraha ukta granthoMke dvArA logoMkI karuNA-upacikIrSA (upakAra karanekI icchA) Adi acchI aura zreSTha pravRttiyA~ dhIre dhIre ghaTa jaayegii| ataeva yadyapi sabhA samitiyoMke hAthameM logoMkA dAnakI rakamakA kucha aMza sauMpa denA acchA hai, tathApi haraeka vyaktiko cAhie ki apane hAthase dAnake yogya supAtrako kucha kucha detA rahe / yaha na karanese aneka satpravRtiyA~ kAma na karaneke kAraNa nisteja yA nikammI ho jaayeNgii| lekina eka bAta yAda rakhanA Avazyaka hai| prArthIkI kAtaroktise dayArdra hokara dAna karanA jaise dAtAke lie prazasta aura kartavya hai, vesehI prArthIka dhanyavAda aura nikaTavartI logoMke prazaMsAvAdakI lAlasA yA lobhase dAna karanA aprazasta aura akartavya hai|

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pA~cavA~ adhyAya / rAjanItisiddha karma | prathama bhAgake chaTThe adhyAyameM kahA jA cukA hai ki rAjanIti atyanta gahana viSaya hai / magara usake sAtha hI yaha bAta bhI hai ki rAjanItika viSayakA kucha jJAna honA sabhI ke lie Avazyaka hai / kAraNa, rAjA aura prajA donoMke lie rAjanItisiddha karma kartavya haiM, aura rAjanItiviruddha karma akartavya haiM / rAjanIti do kAraNoMse atidurUha viSaya hai / eka to rAjanItika tattvakA nirUpaNa karanA kaThina hai / manuSyaprakRti vicitra hai / vaha dezakAla avasthAke bhedase aneka prakArake bhAva dhAraNa karatI hai / ataeva manuSya kisI tarahakI rAjazakti pArnepara usakA kaisA prayoga karegA, aura kisa praNAlIse zAsita hone para hI vaha kaisA AcaraNa karegA, yaha ThIka karanA sahaja nahIM hai / yadyapi aneka prakArakI zAsana praNAliyoMkA phalAphala itihAsa dikhA detA hai, kintu samAjakI vartamAna parivartita avasthAmeM kisa tarahake parivartana yA saMzodhanakA kyA phala hogA, yaha anumAna karake ThIka kahA nahIM jA sktaa| dUsare, rAjanItiviSayaka AlocanA bhI yathAyogya rUpase aura kevala satyapara dRSTi rakhakara honeke pakSa meM vighna hai / pUrvasaMskAra aura svArthaparatA ke kAraNa aneka loga yA to rAjAke pakSapAtI haiM, yA prajAke pakSapAtI haiN| jo loga nirapekSa haiM, unameM bhI aneka loga yaha socakara ki unake kathanase rAjA yA prajAko prazraya milegA, asaMkucita bhAvase samAlocanA karanemeM kuMThita hote haiM / kina kina bAtoMkI alocanA hogI ? rAjanItiviSayaka kucha jJAna sabhIke lie Avazyaka hai, isIlie, rAjanIti durUha viSaya honepara bhI, usake sambandha meM yahA~para kaI eka bAtoMkI alocanA kiye binA rahA nahIM jA sktaa| ve bAteM ye haiM 1 - rAjA prajAke saMbandhakI utpatti, nivRtti aura sthiti / jJA0-21

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322 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga 2-rAjatantrake aura rAjA-prajAsambandhake bhinna bhinna prakAra / briTana aura bhAratakA sambandha / 3-prajAke prati rAjAkA kartavya / 4-rAjAke prati prajAkA kartavya / 5-eka jAtike yA rAjyake prati anya jAtikA yA rAjyakA kartavya / 1 rAjA-prajAke sambandhakI utpatti, nivRtti aura sthiti| rAjA-prajA sambandhakI utpatti AdikI AlocanA karaneke lie pahale yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki vaha sambandha kaisA hai / sUkSmabhAvase dekhanemeM vaha sambandha aneka rUpa hai| isa viSayakA vizeSa vivaraNa pIche diyA jaaygaa| isa samaya yaha batAyA jAtA hai ki sthUlarUpase rAjA aura prajAkA saMbandha kisa prakArakA hai| rAjA-prajA-sambandhakA sthUla lakSaNa / manuSyakI prakRtimeM do paraspara virodhI guNa haiM / manuSya apanI icchAke anusAra calanA cAhatA hai, aura anya koI agara usa icchAkA virodhI hotA hai to vaha usake sAtha jhagar3A karatA hai, aura phira anya manuSyake sAtha milakara rahanA bhI cAhatA hai| magara Adima asabhya avasthAmeM vaha milana apanA prabhutva prakaTa karaneke vAste, aura anyake dvArA apanA kAma nikAlaneke lie, hotA hai / isa prakAra. eka jagaha dala bA~dhakara rahanemeM usa dalake logoMke bIca aneka samaya paraspara virodha upasthita hotA hai| kabhI kabhI anya dezake logoMke sAtha bhI virodha ho jAtA hai| una saba jhagaDoMko miTAneke lie, aura bAharI zatruoMke damanake lie, vahI AdamI jo dalabaddha vyaktiyoMke bIca balameM yA buddhimeM zreSTha hotA hai, sAre dalapara kartRtva karatA hai aura dalakA saJcAlaka hotA hai| dalake prayojanIya kArya calAnake lie dalake Upara eka AdamI yA kaI AdAmayoMkA kartatva karanA hI rAjA-prajAke sambandhakA mUla lakSaNa hai| jo eka AdamI yA aneka AdamI isa tarahakA kartatva karate haiM, usako yA unako rAjA yA rAjazakti kahate haiN| jinake Upara vaha kartRtva kiyA jAtA hai ve prajA kahe jAte haiN| rAjA-prajA-sambandhakI sRSTike viSayameM matabheda / rAjA aura prajAke sambandhakI utpatti kaise huI, isa bAremeM matabheda haiN| eka mata yaha hai ki jinake bIca yaha sambandha hai, unakI icchAke anusAra hI

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saMcavaH adhyAya rAjanItisiddha karma / 323 isa sambandhakI sRSTi huI hai (: isake viruddha dusara? mata yaha hai ki logoMne gurunna hokara rAjA-majAke sambandhakI raSTi nahIM kii| vaha haraka jagaha kramazaH utpanna hokara vRTTiyo prApta huA hai ; avasthAbhedake anusAra usane aneka rUpa dhAraNa kiye haiN| ina donoM matoMmeM kucha kucha satyakA aMza hai, kintu saMpUrNa rUpase satya koI nahIM hai| pahale matameM itanAsA satyakA aMza hai ki jinameM jisa bhAvase rAjAprajAkA sambandha hai unakI yA unamase adhikAMzakI, usa sambandhake usa bhAvase rahaneke bAremeM prakAzya bhAvase bhale hI na ho kinnu prakArAntarase sammati hai / kamase kama usameM koI Apatti nahIM hai| kyoMki agara saMmati na hotI, Apatti hotI, to vaha sambandha kabhI nahIM raha sktaa| kintu isI lie yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki vaha sambandha unakI spaSTa saMmatike anusAra utpanna huA hai| jaise logoMkI prakAzya saMmatise bhASAkI prathama sRSTi honA asaMbhava hai, (kyoMki aisA nahIM mAnanese yaha prazna uThatA hai ki vaha saMmati kima bhASAmeM dI gaI thI?) vaise hI logoMkI prakAzya saMmatise prathama rAjA-prajAsambandhakI sRSTi honA asaMbhava mAna lenese yaha prazna uThatA hai ki samAjameM rAjA-prajAke saMbandhakI prathama sRSTi honeke pahale kisake netRtvameM ekatra hokara logoMne usa sambandhakI sRSTi kI? dUsarA mata yahIM taka satya hai ki rAjA-prajAkA sambandha kisI ekadina zubha yA azubha ghar3ImeM logoMkI prakAzya saMmatise nahIM utpanna huA hai| manuSyakI svAbhAvika prakRtike anusAra kramazaH mAnavasamAjake bIca isa sambandhakI sRSTi huI hai| kintu isI lie yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki jina logoMke bIca isa sambandhakA udbhava huA hai, unakA matAmata usa udbhavakI kalpanAke sambandhameM ekadama ginane yogya hI nahIM hai| isa sambandhakI sRSTike anyAya kAraNoM meM eka kAraNa unakI prakAzya rUpase yA prakArAntarase dI huI saMmati bhI hai, jo loga isa sambandhame baMdhe hue haiN| rAjA-prajA-sambandhakI utpatti bhinna bhinna dezoMmeM, bhinna bhinna samayoMmeM, kisa taraha huI hai, yaha una una dezoMke usa usa samayake itihAsakA viSaya hai| kintu isa sambandhakI prathama sRSTi bhASA Adi anyAnya aneka viSayoMkI (1) Hobbe's Leariathan, chap. 13 isa sambandhameM dekho|

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324 zAna aura krm| [ dvitIya bhAga prathama sRSTikI taraha, itihAsa sRSTike pahale huI hai| ataeva itihAsa isa viSaya kI AlocanAmeM vizeSa sahAyatA nahIM kara sakatA / lekina hA~, sAhitya aura prAcIna rIti-nIti, jinakI utpatti itihAsake pahale huI hai, unameM rAjAprajAke sambandhakI utpattike jo nidarzana pAye jAte haiM, unakA saMkalana karake. paNDitoMne aneka tattvoMkA nirNaya kiyA hai (1) / yahA~para vistArake sAtha unA saba bAtoMke likhanekA prayojana nahIM hai| saMkSepameM itanA kahanA hI yatheSTa hogA ki prAcIna bhAratameM (2) aura grIsameM (3) yaha vizvAsa pracalita thA ki rAjA aura prajAke sambandhako Izvarane sthApita kiyA hai, aura rAjA jo hai vaha pRthvIpara IzvarakA pratinidhi hai| mizra aura pArasIka arthAt IrAna dezake sambandhameM bhI yahI bAta kahI jA sakatI hai ( 4 ) / purAtattvake anusandhAnakI bAta chor3a dIjie, aitihAsika kAlameM bhinna bhinna dezoMmeM rAjA-prajAkA sambandha kisa taraha utpanna huA hai-isakA anuzIlana karanese bhI dekhA jAtA hai ki yaha sambandha aneka dazoMmeM aneka kAramoMse aneka rUpa rakhakara dhIre dhIre prakaTa huA hai| isakA sUkSma vivaraNa bahuta vistRta ha / sthUlarUpase kevala yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki pradhAna pradhAna dezoMkA vartamAna rAjA aura prajAkA sambandha ( arthAta zAsanapraNAlI,) kahIM vinA viplavake pUrvapraNAlIkA saMzodhana karake, kahIM rASTraviplavapUrvaka pUrvapraNAlIkA parivartana karake, kahIM yuddha meM parAjaya yA sandhike phalase pUrva rAjatantrakI jagaha navIna rAjatantrakA sthApana karake, utpanna huA hai / zAnta bhAvase saMzodhana, viplavake dvArA parivartana, aura parAjayameM navIna rAjatantrakA sthApana, vartamAna kAlake rAjA-prajA-sambandhakI utpatti athavA nivRttike ye hI tIna tarahake kAraNa haiN| jagatameM jo kucha hai, saba parivartanazIla hai, kucha bhI sthira nahIM hai / usa parivartanakI gati prAyaH unnatikI ora hI hotI hai| hA~, kabhI kabhI varta. (9) Maine's Early History of Institutions, Lectures XII, XIII, aura Bluntschli's Thory of The State Bk. I, Ch, III,dekho| (2) manusaMhitA a0 7 zloka 3-5 dekho| (3 ) Grote's History of Greece, Pt. I, Ch. XX. dekho| (4) Bluntschli's Theory of The State, Bk. VI,Ch.VI. dekho|

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pA~cavA~ adhyAya ] rAjanItisiddha karma: sada km| mAnameM avanatikI ora hotI huIsI jAna par3atI hai : kintu kucha mana lagaHkara dekhanese adhikAMza sthaloMmeM samajhA jA sakatA hai ki vaha vakragati kucha hI samaya taka rahanevAlI hai, aura pariNAmameM sanI parivartanoMkI gati unnatikI ora hogii| isa praznakA uttara apUrNa mAnavabuddhi nahIM de sakatI ki pUrNa unnati pAneke bAda sRSTikA kauna bhAga alaga rahegA, yA ananta brahmameM lIna hogaa| pRthvIke rAjatantrake parivartanakI pariNati kyA hogI, yaha kahA nahIM jA sktaa| hA~, itanA kahA jA sakatA hai ki grIsa aura romake prAcIna sAmrAjyake dhvaMsa honeke jo saba kAraNa upasthita hue the, una kAraNoMke upasthita honekI phira saMbhAvanA nahIM hai| eka to bAharake vaise avivecaka anya balAlI ora kisI vartamAna rAjyake viruddha khar3e honA saMbhavapara nahIM hai| kAraNa, isa samaya jo saba jAtiyA~ kSamatAsaMpanna haiM, ve roma-sAmrAjyakezava gath aura vaiNDala jAtiyoMkI taraha avivecaka aura andha nahIM haiM, ve bahuta soca vicAra kara kAma karatI haiN| aura, jo saba asabhya jAtiyA~ isa samaya pRthvIpara haiM, unake dvArA kisI sabhyajAtikI hAra honA saMbhavapara nahIM hai, balki khuda unhIMke parAjita honekI saMbhAvanA hai| matalaba yaha ki isa samaya jaya-parAjaya jo hai vaha bahu balake utkarSa-apakarSapara nirbhara nahIM hai / dUsare, bhItarake zatru, arthAta Alasya vilAsitA, avivecanA, avicAra Adi, jinhoMne patanake pahale romapara AkramaNa kiyA yA, unhoMne bhI isa samayakI kisI bar3I jAtipara AkramaNa nahIM kiyA hai, kintu to bhI yaha bAta nahIM kahI jA sakatI ki yuddhavigrahakI koI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai| eka samaya janasAdhAraNakI aura paNDitoM (vidvAnoM yA samajhadAroM) kI dhAraNA thI ki manuSya asabhya yA ardha-sabhya avasthAmeM hI yuddhapriya hotA hai, aura rAjya bar3hAne meM lagA rahatA hai, kramazaH sabhyatAkI vRddhi aura zilpa-vANijyakA vistAra honepara zAntipriya ho jAtA hai| kintu isa samaya dekhA jAtA hai ki zilpakI vRddhi aura vANijyake vistArake sAtha sAtha yuddhakI cATa bhI bar3hatI hai, aura zilpa yA vANijyake bAjAra banAye rakhanakI ceSTA aneka jagaha yuddhakA kAraNa ho uThatI hai| yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki rASTraviplavake dvArA rAjatantrake parivartana bhaura navIna rAjA-prajAke sambandha (zAsana praNAlI) kI sRSTikA jamAnA calA

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326 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga gayA / yadyapi phrAMsake viplavakI bhayAnaka ghaTanA aura usakA azubha phala smaraNa rakhakara koI bhI jAti aba phira vaise rASTraviplavameM lipta honA nahIM cAhagI, tathApi isa samaya bhI aneka dezoMmeM rAjatantrake parivartana ke lie sAdhAraNa viplava cala rahe haiN| dezakI aura samAjakI avasthA badalaneke sAtha sAtha rAjatantrake parivartanakA prayojana hotA hai| vaha parivartana vinA viplavake zAnta bhAvase honA cAhie, aura aisA honehImeM bhalAI hai / yaha bar3e sukhakI bAta hai ki aneka jagaha aisA hI ho rahA hai| rAjA-prajAsambandhakI utpattike kAraNoMke sAtha sAtha jo nivRttike kAragoMkA ullekha kiyA gayA hai. vaha nivRtti pahaleke rAjatantrake parivartanakA phala hai| jahA~ pahalekA rAjatantra rAjA aura prajA donoM pakSoMkI icchAse parivartita hotA hai (jaise zAnta bhAvase saMzodhanake dvArA), athavA eka pakSa yA rAjAkI anicchAse kintu anya pakSa yA prajAkI icchAse parivartita hotA hai (jaise rASTaviplavake dvArA), yA donoM pakSoMkI anicchAse parivartita hotA hai (jaise anya rAjAke nikaTa parAjayake dvArA), vahA~ pahaleke rAjA yA rAjazaktike parivartanake sAtha sAtha avazya hI pahaleke rAjA-prajA-sambandhakI bhI nivRtti (samApti ) ho jaaygii| kintu isake sivA isa sambandhakI aura eka prakArase nivRtti bhI saMbhava hai| kisI deza meM rAjatantrakA to koI parivartana nahIM huA, parantu prajAoMmeMse koI koI usa dezake rAjAkI prajA na rahakara dezAntarameM uTha jAkara vahA~ke rAjAkI prajA honekI icchA kara sakate haiM / isameM yaha prazna uThatA hai ki aisA kArya nyAya-saMgata hai ki nahIM, arthAt koI prajA apanI icchAse usa sambandhako, jo usakA rAjAke sAtha hai, nyAyake anusAra tor3a sakatA hai ki nhiiN| agara vaha usa rAjAke rAjyameM rahaneke saba subhIte bhoga karegA, lekina usakI adhInatA nahIM svIkAra karegA, to yaha nyAya-saMgata nahIM ho sktaa| dUsare, agara isa sambandhako tor3anekA adhikAra eka prajAko rahe, to vaha aura dasa AdamiyoMko bhI hai; sau AdamiyoMko bhI hai, hajAra AdamiyoMko bhI hai| aisA honepara dhIre dhIre rAjyakI bahutasI prajA kevala apanI icchAse svAdhIna ho sakatI hai| usase rAjyake sukha aura zAntimeM bhaneka vighna honekI saMbhAvanA hai| jo prajA rAjAke sAtha sambandha tor3anA

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vA~ adhyAya ] rAjanItisiddha karma / 327 cAhatI haiM, vaha agara anya rAjAke rAjyAdhikArameM jAnA cAhe, to usakI icchA pahale kucha anyAya nahIM jAna par3atI / kintu kucha vicAra karake dekhanesa isa jagaha bhI prajAkI icchA ke anusAra rAjA majA ke samvandhako vicchina karanekA adhikAra sabhI avasthAoM meM nyAyasaMgata nahIM kahA jA sakatA (1) / aneka samayoM meM prajAke aise kArya meM ApattikA kAraNa nahIM bhI raha sakatA hai kintu vaha prajA jisa rAjyameM jAkara rahanekI icchA karatI hai usa rAjyake rAjAke sAtha agara usake pahaleke rAjAkA vaira ho, to usa prajAkA vaha kArya usake pUrva- rAjAke aura usake dezake lie bhAvI aniSTakA kAraNa ho sakatA hai| } rAjA - aura prajAmeM honevAle sambandhakI utpattikI AlocanA ke bAda hI usakI sthitikI AlocanA na karake, usakI nivRttikI bAta kahanekA tAtparya yaha hai ki aneka jagaha isa sambandhakI eka aura utpatti aura dUsarI ora nivRtti eka sAtha hI hotI hai / ataeva utpattikI bAta kahane meM nivRttikI bAta ApahIse A jAtI hai| jaba kisI dezakA rAjatantra, zAnta bhAvase ho yA viplava aura parAjayake dvArA ho, parivartita hotA hai, taba navIna rAjA yA rAjazaktike sAtha prajAkA rAjA prajA-sambandha utpanna honeke sAtha hI pahaleke rAjAke sAtha rahanevAle usIprakArake sambandhakI nivRtti ho jAtI hai| isI lie rAjA prajA sambandhakI sthitikI bAta kahaneke pahale hI usakI nivRttikI bAta kahI gaI hai| rAjA prajA sambandhakI sthiti / aba rAjA prajA-sambandhakI sthitikA kucha varNana kiyA jAyagA / yadyapi rAjA-prajA-sambandhakI utpatti aneka jagaha (jaise viplava aura parAjaya meM ) zArIrika balake prayogakA phala hai, kintu usakI bahuta samaya taka sthiti kabhI zArIrika balake Upara nahIM Tika sktii| koI rAjA yA rAjazakti prajAko usake icchAke viruddha kevala zArIrika balake dvArA adhika samaya taka bAdhya nahIM rakha sktii| aisI jagaha jisa prakArakA bala prayoga Ava 1 ) isa sambandha meM Sidgwick's Elements of Politics, XVIII, P. 29 dekho / web.

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328 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga ..mumniwwwmummmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm zyaka hai, vaha itane adhika AyAsa aura vyayase sAdhya hai, aura usakA pratirodha karanekI pravRtti kramazaH itanI prabala ho uThatI hai ki antako rAjAko, icchA yA anicchAke sAtha, usa balakA prayoga rokanA hI par3atA hai| yaha saca hai ki dezake bhItarI aura bAharI zatruoMke kAyika balake atyAcArase prajAkI rakSA karanA hI rAjAkA pradhAna kArya hai, aura usake lie rAjAko zArIrika balakA prayojana hotA hai| kintu prajAkA zAsana karaneke lie-use kAbUmeM rakhane yA dabAneke lie-kAyika bala prayojanIya honepara bhI vaha yatheSTa nahIM hai| usake lie prajAvargakI, kamase kama unameMse adhikAMzakI, prakAzyarUpase yA anya prakArase dI huI saMmati Avazyaka hai| vaha saMmati bhayase utpanna yA bhaktise utpanna ho sakatI hai, kintu vaha bhaya yA bhakti rAjAke kAyika bala arthAt sainika balake dvArA nahIM utpanna hotI, vaha rAjAke naitika bala arthAt usakI nyAyaparatA aura zAsanakI upakAritAse utpanna huA karatI hai (.) / kAyika balakI bAdhikA (rokanevAlI)zakti bahuta samaya taka TikanevAlI nahIM hotI, naitika balahIkA kArya sthAyI hotA :. hai| kyA rAjA aura kyA prajA, sabhIko naitika balakA prabhAva svIkAra karanA par3atA hai| rAjya aura rAjA-prajA-sambandha donoMkI sthitikI nIMva rAjAkA naitika bala hai| eka tarapha jaise prajAko rAjadrohase nivRtta rakhaneke lie rAjAke naitika balakI AvazyakatA hai, dUsarI tarapha vaise rAjAko prajA pIr3anase nivRtta rakhaneke lie prajAko naitika balakA prayojana hai / rAjAke nyAyaparAyaNa aura sunItisampanna honese jaise prajA usake viruddha AcaraNa karanekI icchA nahIM karatI, vaise hI prajAvargake nyAyaparAyaNa aura sunItisaMpanna honese rAjA bhI unake sukha aura svacchandatAke prati udAsIna nahIM ho sktaa| rAjAke nyAyaparAyaNa na honese usake prati prajAke hRdayameM yathArtha bhaktikA honA saMbhava nahIM hai, aura aziSTa prajAgaNakA usake viruddha AcaraNameM pravRtta honA asaMbhava nahIM hai| isakA phala yaha hotA hai ki rAjA prajAke prati aura bhI aprasanna hotA jAtA hai, aura kramazaH rAjA aura prajAmeM paraspara asadbhAva bar3hatA rahatA hai| udhara prajA agara nyAyaparAyaNa na hokara udaNDa ( 9 ) Maine's Early History of Institutions, P. 359, site Bluntschli's Theory of the State, P. 265 dekho|

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pA~cavA~ adhyAya ] rAjanAtisiddha karma / bhAva dhAraNa karatI hai to rAjA usake zAsanake lie dRr3ha niyama sthApita karanekI pravRtti aura bhI uttejita hotI hai aura kramazaH rAjA aura prajAkA virodha bar3hatA hI jAtA hai / ataeva rAjA aura prajAke bIcameM kisI eka pakSakA vyavahAra anucita honese vaha donoM pakSoMke lie aniSTakara ho uThatA hai| isa lie rAjyakI zAntirakSA aura apanI apanI bhalAIke vAste rAjA aura prajA donoM pakSoMko paraspara nyAyakA vyavahAra karanA caahie| yahI donoMkA kartavya hai| 2 rAjatantrake aura rAjA-prajA-sambandhake bhinna bhinna prakAra / rAjatantrake bhinna bhinna prakAroMkI AlocanAke pahale, pUrNa yA svAdhIna rAjatantrakA lakSaNa kyA hai, yaha nizcita karanekI AvazyakatA hai| pUrNa rAjatantra vahI kahA jAtA hai jisake nikaTa usake antargata sabhI vyakti adhInatA svIkAra kareM, aura jo khuda anya kisIke nikaTa adhInatA na svIkAra kre| arthAt jisa rAjatantrakI prajA usake nikaTa saMpUrNa rUpase adhIna hai, aura jisakI rAjazakti khuda kisIke adhIna nahIM hai, usIko pUrNa-rAjatantra kahate haiN| aura, usI tarahake rAjatantrakI zaktiko pUrNa-rAjazakti kahate haiN| ekeshvrtntr| jisa zAsanapraNAlImeM, eka vyaktike hAthameM pUrNa-rAjazakti hai, arthAt jahA~ eka AdamIkI icchAke anusAra saba kAma calatA hai, aura usake nikaTa dezake sabhI loga adhInatA svIkAra karate haiM, kintu vaha vyakti khuda kisIke bhI adhIna nahIM hai, usako ekezvaratantra (Jionarchy) kahate haiM, aura vaha ekezvara rAjA kahalAtA hai| vaha rAjA pahaleke rAjAke uttarAdhikAra-sUtrase rAjya pA sakatA hai, athavA prajAvargake dvArA nirvAcita ho sakatA hai| yaha sabakI apekSA sabala rAjatantra hai| viziSTa prajAtantra / jisa zAsanapraNAlImeM dezake khAsa AdamiyoM ke samUhake yA unake kisI khAsa vibhAgake, hAthameM rAjazakti hotI hai, vaha viziSTa prajAtantra (Aristocracy ) kahalAtI hai| kAryAnabIha kI suvidhAke lie isa tarahake viziSTa prajAtantrameM eka nirdiSTa samayake lie nirdiSTa niyamake anusAra eka AdamI sabhApati nirvAcita huA karatA hai|

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330 jJAna aura karma / [ dvitIya bhAgA sAdhAraNa prajAtantra / jisa zAsanapraNAlI meM dezake sAdhAraNa prajAvargake, una logoMmeMse nirdiSTa lakSaNayukta prajAgaNakI samaSTike, hAthameM rAjazakti hai, vaha sAdhAraNa prajAtantra ( Democracy ) kahalAtI hai / prajAkI saMkhyA adhika honepara ( vartamAna kAla meM sabhI dezo meM prajAkI saMkhyA adhika hai ) yaha saMbhavapara nahIM hai ki prajAvarga ekatra hokara rASTrakA kAma calA sakeM / ataeva vartamAna kAlameM prajAvarga sAdhAraNa prajAtantrake rAjakAryake sampAdanArthaM niyamitarUpase nirdiSTa yA anirdiSTa kAlake lie yathAsaMbhava nirdiSTa saMkhyAke pratinidhiyoM kA nirvAcana karatA hai, aura unhIM pratinidhiyoMkA samUha rASTrake saba kAmoM ko calAtA hai / kisI kisI rAjanItijJakA ( 1 ) mata hai ki Upara likhI huI vividha prakArakI zAsanapraNAliyoMke sivAya aura bhI eka zAsanapraNAlI hai,. athavA yoM kaho ki pUrvakAlameM thI, aura use 'purohita-tantra' kaha sakate haiM 1 UparakI prathamokta tIna prakArakI mUla zAsanapraNAliyoM meM kahIM eka aura kahIM dUsarI pracalita hai / aura, kisI kisI dezameM ina tInoM praNAliyoMkI, yA unameMse kinhIM dokI, mizrita zAsanapraNAlI pracalita hai / jaise briTizasAmrAjya meM rAjA, viziSTa prajAoM kI sabhA ( hAusa Apha lAIsa ) aura sAdhAraNa prajAoM kI sabhA ( hAusa Apha kAmansa ) ina tInoMkA apUrva milana dekha par3atA hai, aura ina tInoMke milanese jo sabhA ( pArlameNTa ) gaThita hai, usIke hAthameM pUrNa rAjazakti hai| 1 bhinna bhinna zAsanapraNAliyoMke doSa-guNa / Upara likhI gaI pahalekI tIna zAsanapraNAliyoMmeMse haraeka doSa-guNa-yukta hai / ekezvara rAjatantrameM guNa yaha hai ki usakI zakti anya prakArake rASTratantroMkI zaktikI apekSA adhika prabala hotI hai, aura adhika sahaja meM hI usakA paricAlana hotA hai / AdamIke hAthameM kSamatA rahanese jitane sahaja meM usakA prayoga ho sakatA hai, dasa AdamiyoM ke hAthameM kSamatA rahanese utane sahaja meM usakA prayoga honA eka ( 1 ) Bluntschli's Theory of the State, Bk VI, chs. 1 and. VI dekho /

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pA~cavA~ adhyAya ] rAjanItisiddha karma | kabhI saMbhava nahIM hai / kyoMki dasa AdamiyoMke, parasparake matakA sAmaJjasya karake kAma karanemeM avazya hI kucha samaya lagatA hai, aura hara ekakI icchA aura udyamako dUsarekI icchA aura udyamake sAtha mela khAneke lie avazya hI kucha ghaTanA par3egA / ekezvara rAjatantrakA doSa yaha hai ki jisakA ekAdhipatya hai vaha agara asAdhAraNa jJAnI nahIM huA, to usakI zAsanapraNAlI meM vicakSaNatAkA abhAva rahegA, aura vaha agara asAmAnya sAdhusvabhAvakA puruSa nahIM huA, to kSamatA apavyavahArase rukanA usake lie kaThina hai / 331 viziSTa prajAtantrakA guNa yaha hai ki usameM dezake zreSTha logoMkI samaSTike hAthameM rAjazakti rahaneke kAraNa rASTra-zAsanameM vicakSaNatAkA abhAva nahIM hotA / kintu usakA doSa yaha hai ki usakI zakti eka rAjAke hAthameM arpita zaktikI taraha prabala aura sahaja meM calAneke yogya nahIM hotI / aura, viziSTaprajAta meM sAdhAraNa prajAvargake hita para bhI utanI dRSTi rahanA saMbhavapara nahIM hai / sAdhAraNa prajAtantra meM guNa yaha hai ki usameM sAdhAraNa prajAvargake hitake Upara vizeSa dRSTi rahatI hai / sAdhAraNa prajAtantra meM doSa yaha hai ki usameM rAjazaktikI prabalatA aura sahaja paricAlana- yogyatAkA -hAsa hotA hai / bhinna bhinna prakArake rAjatantroM meM rAjAprajAkA sambandha bhinna bhinna bhAva dhAraNa karatA hai / ekezvara rAjatantra meM rAjA aura prajAkA pArthakya tathA rAjAke nikaTa prajAkI adhInatA atyanta adhika hotI hai / viziSTaprajAtantra meM saMbhrAnta (dhanI) prajA jo hai haha samaSTirUpase rAjA hai aura vyaSTirUpase sAdhAraNa prajAvargakI taraha prajA hai| aura, sAdhAraNa prajAtantra meM prajAvarga samaSTirUpase rAjA aura vyaSTirUpase prajA hote haiM / ina donoM tarahake prajAtantroM meM rAjA aura prajAkA pArthakya utanA adhika nahIM hai, aura prajApuMjakI svAdhInatA bhI utanI thor3I nahIM hai / inake sivA aura eka prakArakI rAjA prajA ke sambandhakI vicitratA hai, vaha bhI isa jagaha para ullekhayogya hai / kisI jAtiko koI dUsarI jAti jIta le, to vaha hArI huI jAti vijetAkI adhInatA svIkAra karaneke lie aura usakI prajA honeke lie vAdhya hotI hai / lekina usake sAtha hI vijayI rAjatantra meM agara prajAkA kucha kartRtva rahatA hai ( jaise vaha rAjatantra agara prajAtantra ho ), to vaha vijita jAti usa kartRtvakA koI aMza nahIM pAtI / na pAnekA kAraNa bhI hai| vijayI jAtikA vijita jAtiko sandehakI dRSTise dekhanA

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332 zAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga svAbhAvika hI hai| vijita jAti bhI phira apanI khoI huI svAdhInatAko pAneke lie vyagra rahatI hai. aura usakA suyoga khojatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vijayI jAti vijita jAtiko rAjatantrameM zAmila karanekA sAhasa nahIM krtii| kabhI kabhI aisA bhI hotA hai ki vijetAkI udAratA aura vijitakI ziSTatAke kAraNa paraspara para honevAlA sandeha aura asadbhAva kramazaH kama ho jAtA hai, aura unake bIca sadbhAva utpanna hotA hai| kintu duHkhakA viSaya yaha hai ki aneka sthaloMmeM vaha sadbhAva sthAyI nahIM hotA / vijayI jAtike nikaTa zikSA prApta karake, aura unakI svAdhInatAkA Adarza dekhakara, agara vijita jAti kramazaH vijetAke samakakSa honekI ceSTA karatI hai, to phira vahI asadbhAva ApasameM uTha khar3A hotA hai| aise sthalameM donoM pakSoMkA thor3A bahuta doSa rahatA hai / vijita jAti jaba vijayI jAtike nikaTa zikSA-lAbha karake aura unake Adarzako dekhakara rAjanItikakSetrameM unnati prApta karatI hai, taba una donoMmeM ekaprakArase guru-ziSyakA sambandha utpanna hojAtA hai / aisI avasthAmeM vijetAke prati yogya sammAna aura kRtajJatA nahIM dikhAnA vijitake lie akatavya hai| udhara vijitakI unnati dekhakara guruko ziSyakI unnatimeM jaisA Ananda hotA hai, vaise AnandakA anubhava na karake viruddhabhAvako apane manameM sthAna denA vijetAke lie bhI akartavya hai| ina saba sthaloM meM paraspara sadbhAva bar3hanemeM aura eka vighna kabhI kabhI dekhA jAtA hai / vijetA rAjA (yA rAjazakti) vijitake sAtha rAjA-prajAke sambandhako cirasthAyI banAnekI aura vijitake nikaTa rAjabhakti pAnekI icchA karatA hai| kintu vijayI jAtike aneka loga apanI jAtike abhimAnase garvita hokara vijita jAtiko parAdhIna samajhate aura usase ghRNA karate haiN| isakA phala yaha hotA hai ki vijita jAtike aneka logoMke manameM rAjabhaktikI jagaha vidveSakA bhAva aura phira svAdhInatA pAnekI durAkAMkSA uddIpita hotI hai| aura, ve vaha vidveSabhAva dikhAne ke lie, usase svajAtIya logoMkI bhalAI yA lAbha ho athavA na ho, vijayI jAtike vyApAriyoMke lAbhako hAni pahu~cAneke lie vipula ghoSaNA karate haiM / isa prakAra parasparakA asadbhAva bar3hatA hI rahatA hai| koI koI kahate haiM, aise sthaloM parasparakA asadbhAva anivArya hai| aise asadbhAvakI jar3ameM donoM hI pakSoMkI nyAyaparatA aura sat vivecanAkA kucha abhAva hai| sutarAM jahA~ donoM hI pakSa sabhyU jAti honekA abhimAna

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pA~cavA~ adhyAya] rAjanItisiddha karma / 333 karatI haiM, vahA~ usa asadbhAvako anivArya kahanekI icchA nahIM hotI! aura,. anivArya kahanese sabhyatA aura mAnavacaritrapara kalaGka Aropita hotA hai| isa bAtako kucha vivecanA karake dekhanA caahie| eka jAtiko dUsarI jAti jaba jItatI hai, taba donoM agara sabhyatAmeM samAna na hue, to apekSAkRta asabhyajAti adhika sabhyajAtike nikaTa zikSA prApta karatI hai| romakI unnata avasthAmeM vijita asabhyajAtiyoMne romake nikaTa zikSA prApta kI thii| udhara romakI avanata avasthAmeM vijayI jarmanIke araNyavAsiyoMne bhI usI romahIke nikaTa zikSA pAI thii| isa tarahake sthalameM zikSA aura zraddhAke lena-denese, aura sAmAjika tathA pArivArika bandhanase, vijita aura vijetAke bIca kramazaH sadbhAva bar3hate bar3hate antako donoM eka jAti ho jAte haiN| kintu jahA~ jita aura jetAkI sabhyatA tulya yA tulyake lagabhaga hai, aura unakI samAjanIti aura dharma itanA judA hai ki unakA paraspara sAmAjika yA pArivArika bandhanameM ba~dhanA asaMbhava hai, vahA~ unakA paraspara milakara eka jAti honA asaMbhava hai-vaisI AzA nahIM kI jaasktii| ataeva usa jagaha unameM sadbhAvake sthApanakA ekamAtra upAya unakI paraspara nyAyaparatA aura sadvivecanAke sAtha vyavahAra hI hai| aura, usa sadbhAvakA pariNAma hai, vijayIjAtike nikaTa prApta upakArake parimANake anusAra usa jAtike sAmrAjyakI adhInatAmeM vijitajAtikA thor3I bahuta bAdhyabAdhakatAke sAtha milakara rhnaa| eka jAtine agara anya jAtiko, jo sabhyatAmeM usake barAbara yA barAbarake lagabhaga hai, balase, kauzalase yA ghaTanAcakrake pherase harA diyA to usakA yaha samajhanA anyAya hai ki vaha hArI huI jAti kevala hAra jAneke kAraNaH ghRNAke yogya hai| kAraNa, raNanipuNatA prApta karaneke lie yuddhake viSayameM jaisA anurAga rahanekI AvazyakatA hai, vaha yuddhakA anurAga manuSyakI AdhyAtmika unnatimeM kucha bAdhA DAlanevAlA hai, aura yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki jisa jAtimeM vaha yuddhakauzala aura vaha yuddhAnurAga thor3A hai vaha jAti isI kAraNase hIna jAti hai / hamArI apUrNa avasthAmeM jaba ziSTa manuSyoMke sAtha sAtha duSTa manuSya bhI raheMge, taba duSToMkA damana karaneke lie haraeka jAtiko zArIrika balakI AvazyakatA hai, isameM koI sandeha nhiiN| kintu usakI nyUnAdhika

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334 jJAna aura karma / [ dvitIya bhAga tAko jAtike doSa - guNakA paricaya denevAlI mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / vizvaniyantAkA yahI niyama hai ki eka jAtikA anya jAtiko jItanemeM samartha honA jisa pradhAnatAkA paricaya detA hai, usa pradhAnatAkA prayoga vijitajAtikA ahita karanemeM na ho, usakI unnati karanemeM hI usakA vyavahAra kiyA jAya / ataeva vijetAkA vijita jAtike Upara ghRNAkA bhAva rakhanA kisItaraha nyAya saMgata nahIM hai / sAtha hI sadvivecanA bhI usakA samarthana nahIM - karatI / vijetA eka tarapha to vijitake nikaTa rAjabhakti pAnekA dAvA karegA aura cAhegA ki rAjA prajAkA sambandha sthAyI ho, aura dUsarI tarapha vijitase ghRNA karake usake manameM vidveSakA bhAva aura phira svAdhInatA prApta kara - kI durAzA uddIpita karegA, yaha kisI taraha sadvivecanA yA buddhimattAkA * kAma nahIM ho sakatA / udhara vijetAke suzAsanase jo zAnti yA zikSA milatI hai, usake lie vijetA rAjA ( yA jAti) ke prati zraddhA aura kRtajJatA dikhAnA vijitajA - tikA bhI avazya kartavya hai / koI koI kaha sakate haiM ki " ye saba bAteM dharmakSetrakI haiM, karmakSetra meM nahIM haiN| karmakSetra meM manuSyahI rahegA, RSi nahIM ho jAyagA / aura, uparyukta sthala meM vijita aura, vijetA ke bIca sadbhAva honekI saMbhAvanA nahIM kI jA sakatI / " yaha saca hai ki sabhI manuSyoMke saMpUrNa rUpase sAdhu ho jAnakI AzA nahIM kI jA sktii| kucha loga sAdhu, kucha loga asAdhu aura adhikAMza loga ina donoM - zreNiyoMke bIca meM raheMge / kramazaH prathama zreNIkI saMkhyA bar3hegI dUsarI zreNIkI saMkhyA ghaTegI, aura tRtIya zreNI prathama zreNIkI aura bar3hakara usImeM mila jAyagI - yahI manuSyake kramavikAsakA niyama hai / AtmarakSA ke lie pAzavabala yA kauzalakI vRddhi honA pazujagatkeM kramavikAsakA niyama hai, kintu nItisampanna manuSya ke pakSameM naitika aura AdhyAtmika unnati hI kramavikAsakA 1. pradhAna lakSaNa hai / ataeva yaha kahanA sabhya manuSyako kalaMkita karanA hai ki do sabhya jAtiyA~ eka samaya meM vijetA aura vijitake rUpameM milI thIM, isa lie ve, yA kamase kama una donoM jAtiyoMke adhikAMza loga, - paraspara nyAyAnumodita aura sadvivecanA-saMgata vyavahAra nahIM kara sakate / aura, pUrvokta kathanakA sabhya zikSita samAja meM kabhI kabhI pracalita rahanA hI

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jA~cavA~ adhyAya] rAjanItisiddha karma / usake kArya-rUpameM pariNata honekA eka kAraNa hai| yadi zikSita samAjameM isake viparIta kathana pracalita ho, aura adhikAMza sabhya loga yaha bAta kaheM ki duruha yA kaThina honepara bhI sabako saba jagaha parasparake prati nyAyAnumodita aura sadvivecanAsaMgata vyavahAra karanA cAhie, aura svArthaparatAkA saMyama hI saccI svArthaparatAkA upAya hai, to isa tarahake kAryako koI bhI asAdhya na samajhe aura aisA karaneke lie sabhI loga ceSTA kreN| isa sambandhameM eka aura bhI Apatti ho sakatI hai| koI koI kaha sakate haiM ki vijetAke sAtha sadbhAvakI kAmanA kAyarapana aura AtmAbhimAnazUnyatAkA lakSaNa hai| agara koI AdamI kevala apane iSTasAdhanakI yA aniSTanivAraNakI AzAse vijetAkI zaraNameM jAya, to usakA vaha kArya bhIrutara aura AtmAbhimAnazUnyatAkA sUcaka ho sakatA hai| kintu jahA~ yaha hAla hai ki vijetAkA rAjya kucha samayase calA A rahA hai, aura usakI zAsanapraNAlImeM doSa rahane para bhI aneka guNa maujUda haiM, tathA sAdhAraNataH parAjita dezameM pahalekI apekSA bahuta acchI tarahase zAnti aura nyAya-vicArakI praNAlI saMsthApita huI hai, sAtha hI vijetAke sAtha rAjA-prajAkA sambandha tor3a denA hitakara yA nyAyasaMgata nahIM hai, vahA~ vijetAke sAtha sadbhAva sthApita karanekI ceSTA nindanIya na samajhI jAkara Avazyaka kartavya hI ginI jaaygii| sabake antameM yaha Apatti ho sakatI hai ki rAjA aura prajA donoM hI apane deza aura apanI jAtikI unnati karanekI ceSTA karate haiN| kintu jahA~ rAjA aura prajA donoM bhinna bhinna dezake rahanevAle haiM aura donoMkI jAti bhinna bhinna hai, vahA~ donoMke kAryoM meM paraspara kartavyakA virodha anivArya hai| ataeva agara donoM jAtiyoMke milakara eka honekI saMbhAvanA nahIM ho, to unameM paraspara sadbhAva sthApita karanekI ceSTA vRthA hai| yaha kathana bhI yathArtha nahIM hai| yaha bAta nahIM svIkAra kI jA sakatI ki eka dezavAsI eka jAtIya rAjA apane rAjyameM rahanevAlI anya deza aura anya jAtikI prajAkI unnati karanekA yatna kare to usameM kartavya virodha avazya hI upasthita hogaa| yaha ThIka hai ki isa tarahakA kArya kaThina hai, aura isa tarahake sthalameM rAjAkA aura prajAkA apane deza aura apanI jAti ke prati adhika anurAga honA svAbhAvika bhI hai| kintu rAjA aura prajA agara nyAyaparAyaNa aura sadviveca

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jJAna aura karma / [ dvitIya bhAga nAsaMpanna hue, to donoM deza aura donoM jAtiyoMke svArthakA sAmaJjasya karake kAma karane kI saMbhAvanA hai / isa tarahake nyAyaparAyaNa aura sAdvavecaka rAjA aura prajA dRSTAnta itihAsameM durlabha nahIM haiM / 336 ^ Upara bahuta sI bAteM kaha DAlI gaI haiM / kintu jAna par3atA hai, unakI yathArthatAko bahuta loga zAyada svIkAra nahIM kreNge| zAyada koI koI kaheMge ki ye saba bAteM saMsArI gRhasthoMkI nahIM hai, udAsIna RSiyoMkI haiN| zikSAkI jagaha ye saba bAteM samIcIna ho sakatI haiM, kintu saMsArameM calanevAle manuSya ke lie yaha socanA ki vaha aise ucca AdarzakA hogA, bhrAMti hai / yaha saMzaya dUra karaneke lie do bAteM yAda rakhanA cAhie / eka to bhArata meM Arya RSiyoMne saMyama aura tapobalase yahI zikSA dI hai, jo Upara kahI jAcukI hai| dUsare, usake bahuta dinoMke bAda pAzcAtya dezoM meM IsAmasIhane bhI vahI zikSA dI hai / yadyapi pAzcAtya dezakI rItinIti aura AcAra-vyavahArake sAtha saMgharSaNa meM Akara usa zikSAne vahA~ abhItaka adhikamAtrAmeM saphalatA nahIM prApta kI, kintu bhAratakI rItinIti aura AcAra-vyavahAra usI zikSAke upayogI honeke kAraNa usa zikSAne yahA~ bahuta kucha apanA phala dikhAyA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki itane sAmAjika aura dhArmika viplavoMke ho jAne para bhI Aja aneka hindU akAtarabhAvase svArthahAni sahakara kaha sakate haiM ki yaha kitane dinoM ke lie hai, jo hama isake lie itane kAtara yA duHkhita hoM ? " yadyapi isake sAthahI kucha avanati aura agaurava bhI saMmilita hai, kintu to bhI yahI hindUjAti kI unnati aura gaurava hai / kevala AdhyAtmika viSayapara dRSTi rakhakara jar3a-jagat ke tattvoMkA anuzIlana na karaneke kAraNa hinduoMkI aihika ( vaiSayika ) avanati huI hai, aura vijJAnake anuzIlanase prApta jar3azaktike prabhAvase balI horahe pAzcAtya logoMse unheM hAranA par3A hai| usa avanati aura parAjaya ke Upara lakSya karake pAzcAtya jAtiyA~ hama logoM kI avahelA karatI haiM / kintu usa tarahakI avajJA yA ghRNA karanA pAzcAtya logoMko ucita nahIM ha / rAjanItika svAdhInatA pArthiva saMpatti hai / vaha rahe to acchI bAta hai, kintu hinduoM ke pAsa vaha svAdhInatA bahuta dinoMse nahIM hai / isa samaya nyAyaparAyaNa briTiza sAmrAjya ke suzAsanameM rahaneke kAraNa hameM usa svAdhInatAke 66

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pA~cavA~ adhyAya ] rAjanItisiddha krm| abhAvakA anubhava adhika karanA bhI nahIM par3atA / lekina aura eka AzaMkA horahI hai| hamane apane pUrvapuruSoMke pAsase jo amUlya alaukika sampatti pAI hai, usa AdhyAtmika unnatiko, vaiSayika unnatike lobhameM par3akara, kahIM kisIdina hama na ga~vA baiThe / aisA hogA, to phira hama vAstava meM avajJAke pAtra hojAya~geM / vijJAnake anuzIlanase vaiSayika unnati aura sAmAjika rIti-nItike saMzodhanase zArIrika utkarSa aura vaiSayika unnati jisake dvArA prApta ho, vaha zikSA sarvathA Avazyaka hai, kintu hameM smaraNa rahe ki usa zikSAke lie AdhyAtmika zikSA na bhulA dI jAya / rAjanItika viSayoMkI AlocanAke sAtha sAtha pAzcAtya kavi golDasmithakI nimnalikhita kavitA hameM smaraNa rakhanI cAhie " How small, of all that human hearts endure, That part which laws or kings can cause or cure." Goldsmith's Traveller arthAt-isa saMsArameM Akara manuSyakA hRdaya jitanA duHkha sahatA hai, usakA bahuta hI choTA hissA rAjAke kAnUnake adhIna hai, jise vaha de sakatA hai yA dUra kara sakatA hai| briTana aura bhAratakA sambandha / Upara vijetA aura vijitake bAremeM rAjA-prajA-sambandhakI jo bAteM kahI I haiM, ve saba sAdhAraNataH briTana aura bhAratake sambandhameM bahuta kucha ghaTita hotI haiN| aba yahA~para briTana aura bhAratake rAjA-prajA-sambandhake viSayakI doeka bAte vizeSa rUpase kahI jAyeMgI / avazyahI unheM saMbhrama-saMmAnake sAtha saMyata bhAvase khuuNgaa| AzA karatA hU~, una bAtoMse koI bhI pakSa asantuSTa na hogaa| bhAratavarSa jisa samaya iMgaleMDakI adhInatAmeM AyA thA, usa samaya bhArameM musalamAnasAmrAjya patanonmukha ho rahA thA, hinduoMmeM mahArASTra loga uThanekI ceSTA kara rahe the, rAjapUta loga bhI burI hAlatameM nahIM the, sikha loga phera abhyudayake lie uTha khar3e honekA udyoga kara rahe the, aura phreMca loga bhI bhAratasAmrAjya pAneke lie aMgarejoMke pratidvandvI the| kramazaH bhAratameM briTiza jAmrAjya acchI taraha sthApita ho jAnepara, pradhAnatA prApta karaneke lie aneka jJA0-22

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jJAna aura krm| [ dvitIya bhAga rrrrr.mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm pratiyogiyoMke lar3AI-jhagar3ese aura arAjakatAke kAraNa honevAle cora-DAkaoMke utpIr3anase chuTakArA pAkara, aura aMgarejoMke suzAsana aura nyAyaparatAse Azvasta hokara, adhikAMza bhAratavAsiyoMne binA kisI tarahakI Apattike isa sAmrAjyakI adhInatA svIkAra kara lii| briTana aura bhAratakA vaha rAjA-prajA sambandha, Der3ha sau varSase adhika hue jabase calA A rahA hai / aura, usase aneka suphala bhI utpanna hue haiM, jinameMse do-cAra vizeSa rUpase ullekha yogya haiM / jaise--nirApada hokara zAntike sAtha niSpakSa vicArapraNAlIkI adhInatAmeM avasthiti, pAzcAtya vijJAna arthanIti aura rAjanItika viSayoMkI zikSA milanA, relagAr3Ike dvArA aura sarvatra paricita a~garejI bhASAkI sahAyatAse saba jagaha jAne-Ane aura rahanekA subhItA aura usake dvArA saba bhAratavAsiyoMke manameM eka abhinava jAtIya bhAvakA udaya / inhIM saba kAraNoMse bhAratavAsI loga briTizasAmrAjyake nikaTa kRtajJatApAza meM ba~dhe hue haiN| yadyapi usa sAmrAjyakI adhInatAmeM rahanA parAdhInatA hI hai, kintu to bhI yadi donoM pakSa kucha vivecanAke sAtha caleM, to vaha parAdhInatA usa svAdhInatAke sAtha, jo manuSyamAtrake lie Avazyaka huA karatI hai, itanI aviruddha yA alpaviruddha hai ki usake lie kaSTa mAlUma par3anekA koI kAraNa nahIM hai| briTizarAjatantrake mUlasUtrake anusAra aisI koI bAta nahIM hai ki bhAratavAsI usa rAjatantrake bahirbhUta hI raheMge / balki usake viparItahI dRSTAnta dekha par3ate haiN| hAlameM (jaba yaha pustaka likhI gaI thI) uttarottara do bhAratavAsI bar3elATa sAhabakI lejisleTiva kaunsilake meMbara banAye gaye haiM, aura isakI saMpUrNa AzA kI jAtI hai kramazaH Age calakara bhAratavAsiyoMko dezakI zAsanapraNAlI calAneke adhikatara adhikAra prApta hoMge, yadyapi yaha saMbhAvanA nahIM hai ki a~garejoMke sAtha milakara bhAratavAsI kabhI eka jAti bana jAya~ge, tathApi yaha saMbhAvanA yatheSTa hai ki zIghrahI bhAratazAsanameM yathAyogya adhikAra pAkara ve a~gareja rAjAke sahakArI ho sakeMge / jisameM yaha phala, jisakI saMbhAvanA hai, zIghrahI phale, isake lie udyoga karanA haraeka dezahitaSIkA kartavya hai| usa udyogakI rAhameM donoMhI pakSoMke bhramase utpanna jo bAdhA-vighna haiM unheM dUra karanA atyanta Avazyaka hai / a~gareja rAja* 'puruSoMmeMse kisI kisIko yaha eka bhrama hai ki " prAcya jAti ADambara aura

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pA~cavA~ adhyAya ] rAjanItisiddha karma / 339 tar3aka-bhar3akako pasaMda karatI hai, Adara karanese sira car3hatI hai, aura bhaya dikhAnese vazIbhUta hotI hai| ataeva use kAvUmeM rakhaneke lie saumyamUrtikI apekSA ugramUrti dikhAnAhI adhikatara prayojanIya hai / aura pUrvIya jAtiyoMkI bAta maiM nahIM kahatA, kintu hindUjAtike sambandhameM yaha dhAraNA bilkulahI bhrAnti-mUlaka hai, aura yaha bAta a~gareja-rAjapuruSoMko vidita honekI atyanta AvazyakatA hai| kyoMki aneka samaya aisA hotA hai ki yahI zrama unake sAdhu uddezyako bhI siddha nahIM hone detA / jar3a-jagatkI aura viSayasukhakI anityatA para jisa jAtiko aTala vizvAsa hai, vaha kabhI ADambarapriya nahIM ho sktii| jisa jAtike AdarzapuruSa mahArAja rAmacandrane prajAraJjanamAtrake lie apanI priyatamA rAnI sItAdevIko bana bhejakara apanI prajAvatsalatAkA pramANa diyA thA, usa jAtiko bazIbhUta karaneke lie bhaya dikhAnekI apekSA prIti dikhAnA saugunA adhika phala denevAlA hai, aura buddhimAn vyaktimAtra isa bAtako sahaja hI samajha sakate haiM / hindUloga jAnate haiM-munInAJca matibhramaH, muniyoMse bhI bhUla ho jAtI hai| hinduoMke nikaTa rAjA bhayakA nahIM, bhaktikA pAtra hai / a~garejoMke bAhubalakI apekSA unakI nyAyaparatAhI hinduoMkI dRSTimeM adhikatara gauravakI cIja hai| ataeva bhrama svIkAra kara lenese yA asAvadhAnatAkRta avihita kAryake saMzodhanase hinduoMke nikaTa a~gareja rAjapuruSoMkA gaurava ghaTegA nahIM, balki bar3ha jaaygaa| udhara bhAratavAsiyoMmeM bhI bahuta logoMkA yaha khayAla hai ki a~gareja eka balakA darpa rakhanevAlI jAti haiM, ataeva a~garejoMke nikaTa nyAyakI apekSA balakA gaurava adhika hai| sAthahI unakI yaha bhI dhAraNA hai ki a~gareja loga khuda spaSTavAdI hote haiM, isa lie a~gareja rAjapuruSoMke doSa spaSTa zabdoMmeM dikhA denese koI hAni nahIM hai| kintu aisA khayAla karanA hamArA bhrama hai| a~gareja loga prakaTarUpase daihika balakA cAhe jitanA gaurava kyoM na kareM, ve naitika balakI zreSThatAko mAnate haiM / jo manuSya naitika balameM prabala hai use kisIke bhI nikaTa parAbhava nahIM svIkAra karanA hogA / ataeva hama naitikabalameM prabala hoMge to nyAya-parAyaNa a~gareja avazyahI hamArA sanmAna kreNge| aura, spaSTavAditA guNake sambandhameM smaraNa rakhanA kartavya hai ki jo vyakti pada maryAdAke anusAra jaisA aura jitanA saMmAna pAneke yogya hai, usake

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340 jJAna aura karma / [dvitIya bhAga kAmoMkI AlocanA vaisehI saMmAnake sAtha honI caahie| aisA na honese vaha AlocanA doSa yA bhramake saMzodhanameM kRtakArya to hotI hI nahIM, balki ulaTe parasparake prati vidveSakA bhAva utpanna kara detI hai| briTana aura bhAratake bIca rAjA-prajA sambandhakI sthApanA IzvarakI icchA se, donoMkI bhalAIke lie, huI hai| hamArI bhalAI yaha hai ki hamane eka prabala parAkramI, kintu nyAya-parAyaNa, jAtike suzAsanameM zAnti, aneka prakArake sukha aura svacchandatA pAI hai| aMgarajoMke sAtha saMmilanase hamAre manameM bahuta dinoMke upekSita jar3a-jagatke upara yathocita AsthA utpanna hogaI hai aura hama aba jar3a-vijJAnakA anuzIlana karate hue usake dvArA vaiSayika unnatike lie ceSTA karane lage haiN| udhara a~garejoMkI aura sAdhAraNataH sabhI pAzcAtya jAtiyoMkI bhalAI yaha hai ki hindrajAtike saMsargameM Akara unake hRdayameM AdhyAtmika tattvake anuzIlana aura saMyamake abhyAsa para zraddhA utpanna ho rahI hai, aura usake dvArA unakI apUraNIya viSaya-vAsanA tathA usase utpanna virodha va azAnti miTanekI saMbhAvanA hai| yaha AzA to nahIM kI jA sakatI ki pAzcAtya jAtiyoM ke saMsargameM Akara hindU loga jitanI jaldI vijJAnake anuzIlanake viSayameM itane anurAgI ho gaye haiM, hinduoMke saMsargameM Akara pAzcAtya loga utanI jaldI hinduoMke AdhyAtmika tattvake anuzIlanameM vaise anurAgI ho sakeMge, kintu aise nairASyakA bhI koI kAraNa nahIM hai ki isa saMsargakA koI phalahI na hogaa| hindU agara ThIka raha sakeMge, aura pAzcAtya logoke dRSTAMntameM mugdha na hokara AdhyAtmika bhAvako akSuNNa banAye rakhakara anAsaktabhAvase vaiSayika unnatikI ceSTA kareM, to aisA dina avazyahI AvaigA jaba hinduoMke zAnta aura saMyata bhAvakA dRSTAta pAzcAtya jagatkI ananya jvalanta viSaya-vAsanAko zAnta kara degaa| 3-prajAke prati rAjAkA kartavya / rAjA aura prajA donoMke paraspara eka dUsareke prati kartavya karma haiM / jaba rAjAke lie prajA nahIM hai, balki prajAke lie hI rAjA hai, to isIkI AlocanA pahale honI cAhie ki prajAke prati rAjAkA kartavya kyA hai|

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pA~cavA~ adhyAya ] rAjanItisiddha karma / 341 ram.omaniamwww rAjAkA pahalA kartavya hai, bAharI zatruoMke AkramaNase prajAkI rakSA karanA / isa kartavyatA pAlana karane ke lie senA rakhanekI AvazyakatA hotI hai| yadyapi isa samaya pRthvIpara asabhya jAtiyoMkI saMkhyA aura bala adhika nahIM hai, aura sabhya jAtiyoMmeM bhI yaha AzaMkA bahuta kama hai ki koI akAraNa dUsare para AkramaNa kara baiThegA, to bhI sabhI sabhya jAtiyA~ yatheSTa senA rakhaneke lie vyasta haiM, aura yadyapi usameM bahutasA dhana kharca karanekA prayojana hotA hai, kintu sabhI usa kharcakA bojha khuzIse uThAye hue haiN| agara pRthvIkI saba sabhya jAtiyA~ milakara, paraspara eka dUsare para vizvAsa sthApita karake, ThIka karaleM ki unameMse saba jAtiyA~ asabhya jAtiyoMke anyAya AkramaNakI AzaMkA dUra karane aura anya prayojanIna kArya sAdhane bharake lie yathAsaMbhava senA rakhakara bAkI senA nikAla DAleMge, to bahuta mA dhana aura vahutame AdamI, jo isa samaya bhAvI azubhako rokane ke uddezyase senAmeM phaMse hue haiM, aneka prakArake vartamAna zubha kAryoM meM lagAye jA sakate haiN| kyA aisA ho nahIM sktaa| rAjyakI shaantirkssaa| rAjAkA dUsarA kartavya hai, rAjyake bhItarI zatruoMke atyAcArase ( arthAt Thaga cora DAkU aura anyAnya prakArake duSTa logoMke anyAya AcaraNase ) prajAkI rakSA karanA / isa uddezyase, dezake zAsanake lie suniyamoMkI vyavasthA, una niyamoMkA ullaMghana karanevAloMke doSa-nirNaya aura daNDavidhAnake lie upayukta vicArAlayoMkI sthApanA, aura una vicArAlayoMkI AjJAke pAlana aura sAdhAraNataH zAntirakSAke lie upayukta karmacAriyoMko rakhanA, Avazyaka hotA hai / kAnUna banAne aura pAsa karane ke lie vyavasthApaka sabhA (lejisleTiva kauMsila) sthApita karanekA, aura usa sabhAmeM yathAsaMbhava sAdhAraNa prajAvargake pratinidhiyoMko sabhya ( meMbara ) rUpase niyukta karanekA prayojana hotA hai / kAraNa, aisA honese hI prajAvargake prakRta abhAvako pUrNa karanekI vyavasthA ( kAnUna ) vidhibaddha ho sakatI hai| rAjAke isa dUsare kartavyake bAremeM bahutasI bAteM kahanako hai, kintu una saba bAtoMkA isa kSudra granthameM sanniveza ho nahIM sktaa|

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jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga www __ yahA~para kevala eka bAta kahI jaaygii| isa dUsare kartavyakA pAlana karaneke lie rAjA sarva sAdhAraNake maMgalake vAste vyaktivizeSakA amaMgala karaneko yA use daNDa deneko bAdhya hotA hai| vaha AMzika amaMgala eka prakArase anivArya hai| kintu usa amaMgala yA daNDakA parimANa ghaTAneke lie yathAsAdhya ceSTA karanA rAjAkA kartavya hai| daNDita yA daNDanIyako daNDa isa taraha denA cAhie ki usake dvArA usakA zAsana bhI ho aura sAthahI saMzodhana bhI ho| prajAkI prakRti jAnanA aura usake abhAvoMkA nirUpaNa / rAjAkA tIsarA kartavya hai, prajAke abhAvoMkA nirUpaNa karanA, aura usake lie prajAvargakI rIti-nIti aura prakRtiko vizeSa rUpase mAlUma krnaa| prajAkA yathArya abhAva kyA hai, ve kyA cAhate haiM, aura ve jo kucha cAhate haiM vaha denA rAjAke lie kahA~ taka sAdhya aura saMgata hai, ina saba viSayoMko jAne binA rAjA apanI zAsana praNAlIko prajAke lie sukhakara nahIM banA sktaa| aura, ukta bAtoMke jAnaneke lie, jinheM prajA cAhatI hai, yaha Avazyaka hai ki rAjA apanI prajAkI rIti-nIti aura prakRtiko acchI taraha jAna le / jahA~ rAjA aura prajA donoM bhinna bhinna jAtike haiM, vahA~ ina saba viSayoMko vizeSa rUpase jAnanekA adhika prayojana hai| kyoMki aneka samaya aisA hotA hai ki prajAkI prakRtike sambandhameM anabhijJa honeke kAraNa rAjA apane sAdhu uddezyako siddha nahIM kara sakatA, yA yoM kaho ki usakA sAdhu uddezya siddha nahIM hotA / jaise rogIkI pravRttiyoMke jAne binA davA denese pUrNa rUpase rogIkA upakAra nahIM hotA, vaise hI prajAkI prakRtiko jAne binA usake hitake lie koI kAma karanese bhI vaha kArya saphala nahIM hotaa| prajAkI prakRtiko viSeza rUpase jAnaneke lie yaha atyanta Avazyaka hai ki vijAtIya rAjA yA rAjapuruSa loga prajAkI bhASA, sAhitya aura dharmake sthUla tattvako acchI taraha samajha leN| prajAkI svAsthyarakSAkA prabandha / rAjAkA cauthA kartavya hai, prajAvargake sukha aura svacchandatAkI vRddhike lie samucita vidhAnakI sthApanA karanA / saba sukhoMkA mUla svAsthya hai|

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pA~cavA~ adhyAya ] rAjanItisiddha karma / 343 ataeva prajAke svAsthyakI rakSAkA samucita prabandha karanA saba tarahase rAjAkA Avazyaka kartavya hai| yaha saca hai ki sabhIko khuda apane apane svAsthyakI rakSAke lie ceSTA karanI cAhie / svAthyakara rahanekA sthAna aura puSTidAyaka khAnekI cIjoMke viSayameM prajAko Apa hI apanA kAma karanA caahie| yaha kAma rAjA nahIM kara sakatA / kintu svAsthyarakSAke lie aura bhI aise aneka kArya haiM, jinheM prajA khuda nahIM kara sakatI, aura jo rAjAkI sahAyatAke binA saMpanna nahIM hosakate / jaise-nadIke bhItara miTTI bhara jAnese jalakA pravAha ruMdha jAya, athavA dezakA jala bAhara nikalanekI rAha baMda ho jAya aura usase vaha vahuvistRta deza asvAsthyakara ho ur3heM, yA rojagArI loga lAbhase lobhake khAnepInekI cIjoM meM chipAkara aniSTakara cIjoMkA mela karane lage, to aisI avasthAoMmeM rAjAkI sahAyatAke binA ukta aniSToMko roka sakanA asaMbhava huA karatA hai| ekasthAnase anya sthAnameM jAne AnekA subhItA krnaa| rAjyake eka sthAnase anya sthAnameM logoMke jAne-AnekI aura cIjeM bhejane kI suvidhAke lie acchI pakkI sar3akeM, pula, ghATa, baMdaragAha Adi banavAnA bhI rAjAkA eka kartavya hai / ina kAryoMko prajA bhI kara sakatI hai| parantu inameM adhika dhanake kharca kI jarUrata honeke kAraNa jaba taka bahusaMkhyaka prajA milakara kAma na kare taba taka usake dvArA ye kAma nahIM ho skte| isa samaya prajAvarga ekatra hokara bahutasI relagAr3IkI rAheM banArahe aura calArahe haiN| lekina usameM bhI rAjAkI sahAyatA Avazyaka hai| eka to usa mArgakI bhUmipara adhikAra karaneke lie, aura dUsare isa lie ki loga bekhaTake nirApada hokara usa mArgameM yAtrA kara sakeM, rAjAkI sahAyatA caahie| prajAkI zikSAkA prabandha / prajAvargakI suzikSAkA prabandha karanA rAjAkA aura eka vizeSa kartavya karma hai / kahA~ taka prajAko zikSA denekA prabandha karanA rAjAkA kartavya hai, isa bAremeM matabheda hai| bahutaloga kahate haiM ki prajA jisameM bilkula nirakSara na rahe aisI zikSA, arthAt kevala likha-par3ha sakane bhara kI zikSA, denA hI rAjAke lie yatheSTa hai, kintu vaha zikSA prajAko muphta milanI caahie| kintu

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344 jJAna aura karma / [ dvitIya bhAga kucha socakara dekhanese jAna par3atA hai ki itane thor3e meM rAjAke kartavyakA pAlana pUrA nahIM ho jAtA, prajAko aura bhI kucha adhika zikSA denekA prabandha karanA rAjAkA kartavya hai / hA~, vaha zikSA kitanI ucca honI cAhie, isakA nirNaya dezakI aura sabhya jagatkI avasthAke Upara nirbhara hai / uccazikSita samAjake jJAnakA parisara ( dAyarA ) jaise vistRta ho rahA hai, vaisehI usIke anusAra sarvasAdhAraNakI zikSAkI sImA bhI vistRta honI cAhie / zikSAke sambandhameM rAjAke tIna mukhya kartavya haiM / eka to dezakI avasthApara dRSTi rakhakara prayojanIya sAdhAraNa zikSAke lie chAtroMkI avasthAkI nimna ( kamase kama ) aura ucca ( adhika se adhika ) sImA nizcita karanA / dUsare, usa avasthAke saba bAlakoMkI zikSA ke lie yathAyogya sthAnoM meM prayojanake anusAra vidyAlaya ( skUla ) sthApita karanA / tIsare, isa tarahakA niyama karanA ki nirddhArita avasthAke sabhI bAlaka kisI na kisI vidyAlaya meM bhartI honeke lie bAdhya hoM / inake sivA rAjAkA aura bhI eka kartavya hai / vaha yaha ki ucca zikSAke lie jagaha jagaha do-eka Adarza vidyAlaya sthApita karanA / isake sivA prajAvargakI nItizikSA ke lie vizeSa vyavasthA karanA bhI rAjAkA Avazyaka kartavya hai / aisA honepara, zAntibhaMgakA mUla kAraNa jo durnIti hai use rokanA, arthAt prajAvargako sunItikI zikSA denA, rAjAke kartavya meM avayahI ginA jAyagA / koI koI vyaMgya karake kahate haiM ki kAnUnake dvArA loga nItizAlI nahIM banAye jA sakate / kintu isase yaha nahIM pramANita hotA ki nItikI zikSA niSphala hai, aura isI lie niSprayojana hai / prajAkI dharmazikSA aura kartavyapAlanake bAremeM rAjAkA kartavya 1 1 isa sambandha meM bahuta kucha matabheda hai ki prajAkI dharmazikSAkA prabandha karanA kahA~taka rAjAkA kartavya hai / jahA~ rAjA aura prajAkA dharma alaga alaga hai, vahA~ prajAkI dharmazikSAke bAremeM rAjAkA nirlipta rahanAhI ucita hai, aura jisameM saba sampradAya nirvighnarUpase apane apane dharmakA pAlana kara sakeM, vaisI vyavasthA karanA hI kartavya hai / samaya samaya para isa viSaya meM kartavya - saMkaTa upasthita ho sakatA hai / jahA~ eka sampradAyakA dharma pazuvadhakI AjJA detA hai, aura anya sampradAyakA dharma usakA niSedha karatA hai, vahA~ donoMhI agara apanI icchA ke anusAra apane dharmakA pAlana karanA cAheM, to virodhakA honA

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pA~cavA~ adhyAya ] rAjanItisiddha krm| anirvAya hai| aise prabandha karanA rAjAkA kartavya hai ki koI eka sampradAya dUsare sampradAyake kaSTakA kAraNa na ho, aura donoMhI saMyata bhAvase apane apane dharmakA pAlana kara skeN| jaise kucha viSaya aise haiM ki unameM prajAke hitake lie rAjAkA hastakSepa karanA kartavya hai, vaisehI adhikAMza viSayoM meM, prajAkI svAdhInatAkI rakSAke lie, rAjAkA hastakSepa na karanAhI kartavya hai| prajAvargaka apanI icchAse suniyamake sAtha calanA sIkhanese hI rAjAkA aura prajAkA yathArtha maGgala hai| aura, svAdhIna bhAvase calane denese hI prajA vaha zikSA pA sakatI hai / anyAnya prakArakI zikSAoM meM yahI prajAkI sarvoccazikSA hai, aura isa zikSAkA upadeza prajAko denAhI rAjAkA eka pradhAna kartavya hai| prajAko apanA matAmata prakaTa karanekI svAdhInatA denaa| aisA niyama honA cAhie ki prajA apane matAmatako svAdhIna aura niHzaMka bhAvase, likhakara aura kahakara, prakaTa karasake / isa bAre meM rAjAkI orase kisI tarahakA niSedha rahanA ucita nahI hai| hA~, kisI prajAko rAjAke yA kisI prajAke apavAdakI ghoSaNA karane denA, yA kisI nindita kAryake lie utsAhita karane denA anucita hai| matalaba yaha ki svAdhInatAmeM sabhIkA adhikAra hai, aura isI kAraNa svAdhInatAke apavyavahArameM, arthAt svecchAcArameM, kisIkA bhI adhikAra nahIM hai| svAdhInatAke apabyavahArale ekakI svAdhInatA dUsarekI svAdhInatAko naSTa karanevAlI bana jAtI hai| 'kr'-sNsthaapn| zAsana vyayake nirvAha ke lie rAjAko apanI prajAse kara lenekA adhikAra hai / rAja-kara isa tarahase sthApita honA cAhie ki usakI mAtrA kisIko pIr3A pahu~cAnevAlI na ho, aura kara vasUla karanekA DhaMga bhI kisIke lie asuvidhAjanaka na honA caahie| svadezI zilpakI unnati karanA / svadeza aura videzakI paNya-vastuoMke (bikrIkI cIjoM) Upara rAja-karake parimANakI nyUnAdhikatAke dvArA svadezake zilpakI unnati karanA bhI kara. saMsthApanakA eka uddezya ginA jAtA hai| yaha uddezya acchA hai, kintu use

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346 jJAna aura krm| [ dvitIya bhAga siddha karanekA yaha upAya kahA~taka nyAya-saMgata aura vAstavameM hitakara hai. isake bAremeM mata-bheda hai / magara to bhI aneka sabhya dezoMmeM ukta uddezyakI siddhike lie yahI upAya kAmameM lAyA jAtA hai (1) / nazIlI cIjoMkA pracAra rokanekI ceSTA / nazIlI cIjoMke Upara kara lagAkara rAjyakI AmadanI bar3hAnA rAjAke lie kahA~taka nyAya saMgata hai, yaha prazna bhI isa jagaha uTha sakatA hai| nazIlI cIjoMkA sevana sabhI jagaha aniSTa-kara hai, aura garma dazoMmeM to unake sevanakA koI prayojanahI nahIM hai| jisa cIjakA sevana taraha tarahake rogoMkI aura azAntikI jar3a hai, aura jisake adhika sevanase manuSya pazukI avasthAko pahu~ca jAtA hai, usakA (davAke lie chor3akara anya kAraNase ) becanA-kharIdanA, kamase kama garma dazoMmeM, rAjAkI AjJAse niSiddha honA caahie| aneka sajjana kahate haiM ki aise mAdaka padArthakA kraya-vikraya spaSTarUpase niSiddha na hokara kramazaH prakArAntarase niSiddha honAhI yukti-siddha hai| unakI yukti yaha hai ki jabataka logoMmeM mAdaka sevanakI pravRtti prabala rahagI tabataka usake kraya-vikrayakA niSedha niSphala hai, loga usake guptarUpase taiyAra kareMge aura beNceNge| kintu eka tarapha suzikSAke dvArA aura dUsarI tarapha kara lagAnese vaha pravRtti jaba kramazaH ghaTa jAyagI, taba niSedhake binAhI niSedhakA phala prApta hogaa| yadi usa AzAkI pratIkSA karake rahanA ho, to rAjAko aisI vyavasthA karanI cAhie ki rAjakarmacArI loga isakA vizeSa yatna kareM ki mAdaka padArthoM kA kraya-vikraya kama ho, aura usake vyavahArakI mAtrA ghaTa jaay| 4 rAjAke prati prajAkA kartavya / rAjAke prati prajAkA prathama kartavya hai bhakti dikhalAnA / manu bhagavAnne. kahA hai (1) isa sambandhameM Mill's Principles of Political Economy, Bk. V. Ch. x aura Sidgwick's Principles of Political Economy, Bk. III, Ch. V dekho|

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pA~cavA~ adhyAya ] rAjanItisiddha karma / 347 mahatI devatAhyeSA nararUpeNa tisstthti| (manu.18) arthAt-yaha ( rAjA ) nararUpameM mahatI devatA sthita hai| rAjAko devatAke samAna saMmAnake yogya kahanekA kAraNa yaha hai ki rAjAke na rahanase deza arAjaka ho jAtA hai, aura vahA~ rahanevAle sadA santrasta rahate haiN| matalaba yaha ki dezarakSAke liehI rAjAkI sRSTi huI hai (2) / rAjA agara bhaktike yogya na ho, to kisa taraha usake prati bhaktikA udaya hogA? isa praznake uttarameM kahA jA sakatA hai ki rAjabhakti jo hai vaha kisI vyaktivizeSake lie nahIM, rAjapadake lie hotI hai| vaha pada sarvadA hI bhaktike yogya hai / jo AdamI usa pada para baiThA hai, vaha agara apane guNoM se bhaktike yogya ho, to prajAke lie bar3e hI sukhakI bAta hai / rAjAke prati prajAkA bhakti karanA, kevala rAjAke hitake lie nahIM, prajAke apane hitake lie bhI, kartavya hai| kAraNa, rAjAke prati prajAkI bhakti na rahanese phala yaha hogA ki prajA rAjAkI AjJAke pAlanameM tatpara na hogI, jisase rAjAke lie rAjyazAsana kaThina ho jAyagA, rAjyameM vizrRMkhalatA upasthita hogI, aura rAjyakI zAntirakSA tathA prajA-vargakI sukha svacchandatAkA sampAdana asaMbhava ho jaaygaa| rAjAkI AjJA pAlanIya hai| rAjA agara koI anucita AjJA de, to prajAko kyA karanA cAhie? isa praznake uttarameM kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha AjJA agara dharmanItike viruddha ho, to prajA usakA pAlana karaneke lie vAdhya nahIM hogii| kintu saubhAgyavaza prAyaH usa tarahakA kartavya-saGkaTa upasthita nahIM hotaa| adhikAMza sthaloM meM anucita AjJAkA artha hai ahitakara AjJA / jaba rAjAke zAsanakI adhInatAmeM rahakara prajA aneka upakAra pAtI hai, to kabhI eka ahitakara AjJAke lie rAjAke viruddha AcaraNa karanA kadApi prajAkA kartavya nahIM hai| hA~, usa AjJAko badalAneke lie niyama-pUrvaka nyAyake anusAra ceSTA karanA ucita hai, usameM koI doSa nahIM hai| kintu jabataka vaha AjJA badalI na (2) manusaMhitA 7 / 3 dekho|

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268 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga jAya, tabataka usakA pAlana karanA cAhie, aura use na mAnanA akartavya hai| __rAjAke yA kisI rAjakarmacArIke kAmakI samAlocanA karanI ho to yathocita saMmAnake sAtha karanI cAhie / rAjAke yA rAjakarmacArIke kAmameM doSa dekha par3e, to use dikhA denase rAjA aura prajA donoMhIkA upakAra hotA hai| kintu vaha doSa sarala aura vinIta bhAvase saMmAnake sAtha dikhAnA ucita hai| aisA na karanese usake dvArA koI suphala na hokara kuphala honehI kI adhika saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| kAraNa, asaMmAnake sAtha uddhata bhAvase kisIkA bhI doSa dikhAnemeM usakA cir3ha jAnA svAbhAvika hai, aura agara doSa hogA bhI to vaha sthirabhAvase dhyAna dekara use dekhanA nahIM caahegaa| isa prakAra usa doSakA saMzodhana to hogA hI nahIM, balki usa cir3a jAneke kAraNa usa vyaktike dvArA anya aneka doSa bhI ho jaayeNge| asaMmAnake sAtha rAjA yA rAjakarmacArIke doSa dikhAnese usake prati anya prajAkI zraddhA bhI ghaTa sakatI hai, usake phalase rAjA-prajAmeM paraspara asadbhAva paidA ho sakatA hai, aura vaha rAjA prajA donoMhIke lie azubhakara hai| 5 eka jAtikA yA rAjyakA anya jAtike yA rAjyake prati kartavya / saba sabhyajAtiyoMko aura sabhya rAjyoMko paraspara sadbhAvake sAtha rahanA caahie| sabhya manuSyoMkA paraspara vyavahAra jaisA nyAya-saMgata honA ucita hai, sabhya jAtiyoMkA paraspara vyavahAra usakI apekSA adhikatara nyAya saMgata honakI AzA kI jAtI hai| kAraNa, eka manuSyake sabhya buddhimAn aura nyAya-parAyaNa hone para bhI unake bhramameM par3a jAnekI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai, kintu eka samagra sabhya jAtike, jisake bhItara aneka buddhimAn aura nyAya-parAyaNa vyakti hoMge, sabhIke bhrama meM par3a jAne kI saMbhAvanA bahuta kama hai / duHkhakA viSaya yaha hai ki isa tarahakI sabhya jAtiyoMmeM bhI kabhI kabhI yuddha Thana jAtA hai / jAna par3atA hai, isakA kAraNa asaMyata vaiSayika unnatikI AkAMkSA hI hai / vaiSayika unnati vAMchanIya avazya hai, kintu vahI manuSya jIvanakA yA jAtIya jIvanakA ekamAtra yA zreSTha uddezya nahIM hai, AdhyAtmika unnati hI manuSyakA carama lakSya hai|

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pA~cavA~ adhyAya ] rAjanItisiddha krm| 342 asabhya jAtiyoMke prati sabhya jAtiyoMkA kartavya / sabhya jAtiyoMko paraspara eka dUsarese jaisA vyavahAra karanA ucita hai, asabhya jAtiyoMke sAtha sabhya jAtiyoMkA vyavahAra usakI apekSA aura bhI udAratAse pUrNa honA cAhie / saMkhyAmeM yA balameM isa samaya pRthvI para aisI koI bhI asabhya jAti nahIM hai, jise Dara kara sabhya jAtiyoMko calanA pdd'e| asabhya jAtiyoMko kramazaH zikSita aura sabhya banAnA hI sabhya jAtiyoMkA lakSya honA ucita hai| usameM jo parizrama hogA aura dhana lagegA usakI apekSA unake sAtha vANijyakA AdAna-pradAnase, adhika lAbha hogA / isake sivA asabhya jAtiyoMko zikSita aura sabhya banAnemeM zikSA denevAloMko jo jAtIya gaurava prApta hotA hai, usakA bhI mUlya kama nahIM hai|

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chaThA adhyAya / [dharmanItisiddha karma / dharmakA mUlasUtra-Izvara aura parakAlameM vizvAsa dharmakA sthUlamarma kyA hai, so sabhI jAnate haiM, aura yaha bhI sabhI jAnate haiM ki dharmakA mUlasUtra Izvara aura parakAlameM vizvAsa hai / pRthvIkI prAyaHsabhI sabhya jAtiyoMkA hI dharma isI vizvAsake Upara sthApita hai| Izvarako na mAnakara kevala parakAla mAnanese vaha vizvAsa dharma nahIM kahA jA sakatA / jIvakA vaha parakAla, jar3akI eka avasthAke bAda dUsarI avasthAke samAna hai, vaha isake sivA aura kucha bhI nahIM ho sakatA / udhara parakAlako na mAnakara kevala Izvarako mAnanese bhI vaha vizvAsa dharma nahIM hai| kAraNa, usa avasthAke Izvarake sAtha jIvakA sambandha, jIvake sAtha jar3ake sambandhase bhinna nahIM kahA jA sakatA / aura, Izvara aura parakAla donoMkA astitva asvIkAra karanese dharma nahIM raha sakatA ( yadyapi nIti raha sakatI hai), jAna par3atA hai, isameM kisIko sandeha nahIM hogaa| IzvarameM vizvAsa aura parakAlameM vizvAsa, ina . donoM vizvAsoMke milanako hI dharma kahA jAtA hai / maiM anantakAlataka raha~gA, aura ananta zaktike dvArA saJcAlita hoU~gA, yaha vizvAsa rahanese hI manuSya jar3a-jagatako chor3akara Upara uTha sakatA hai, aura saMsArake sukhadaHkhako tuccha samajha sakatA hai / ukta vizvAsavAlA manuSyahI sukha aura daHkhameM samAna bhAvase kaha sakatA hai ki jaba anantakAla mere sAmane hai, aura ananta caitanyazakti merI sahAyatA karanevAlI hai, taba yaha thor3e dinoMkA sukha-duHkha kyA hai, kucha bhI nahIM hai; antako ananta sukha avazyahI mujhe milegaa|

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chaThA adhyAya ] dharmanItisiddha karma / 351 ___ jAna par3atA hai, Izvara aura parakAla donoM jJAnake viSaya nahIM, vizvAsake viSaya haiN| IzvarameM vizvAsa aura parakAlameM vizvAsa yukti-siddha hai ki nahIM, isa praznake uttarameM kahA jA sakatA hai ki samagra vizvakI caitanyazaktiko Izvara kaha kara mAnanA kisI yuktike viruddha nahIM hai, aura dehake aMtameM bhI maiM rahU~gA-yaha ukti Atma-jJAnakA phala hai, aura isapara avizvAsa karanekA koI kAraNa nahIM hai| dharmanItisiddha karmake vibhaag| dharmanItisiddha karmakI AlocanA karaneke lie, vaha do bhAgoMmeM bA~TA jA sakatA hai 1 / Izvarake prati manuSyakA dharmanItisiddha kartavya karma / Izvarake prati manuSyake kartavya aura manuSyake prati manuSyake kartavya, ina donoM kartavyoMmeM do vizeSa prabheda haiN| eka to yaha ki manuSyake prati manuSyakA kartavya patita honese kevala kartavya pAlana karanevAlahIkA maMgala nahIM hotA, jisake anukUla vaha kartavya pAlA jAtA hai usakA hita bhI hotA hai, kintu Izvarake prati kartavya pAlita honese una ( IzvarakA ) hita huA, yaha bAta hita zabdake pracalita arthameM nahIM kahI jA sktii| kAraNa Izvarake koI abhAva yA apUrNatA nahIM hai, ataeva unakA hita kauna kara sakatA hai ? hA~, yaha bAta kahI jA sakatI hai ki unake prati kartavyapAlanase kartarvyapAlana karanevAlekA maMgala honeke kAraNa IzvarakI sRSTikA hita hotA hai, aura usase vaha prasanna hote haiN| dUsarA bheda yaha hai ki manuSyake prati manuSyake kartavya jude jude haiN| eka vyaktise sambandha rakhanevAlA kartavya dUsare vyaktise sambandha rakhanevAle kartavyase judA hai| kintu Izvarake prati manuSyakA kartavya jo hai, vaha manuSyakI sabhI kartavyoMkI samaSTi hai| manuSyakA aisA koI kartavya karma nahIM hai, jo Izvarake prati usakA kartavya na ginA jA sakatA ho| kAraNa, hamAre sabhI kartavya Izvara niyamoMpara sthApita haiM, aura Izvarake una niyamoMkA pAlana karaneke lie hI saba kartavyoMkA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai| manuSyako apane sabhI kartavyakarma prasannatAke uddezyase karane cAhie / yahI isa gItAke vAkyakA artha hai

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352 jJAna aura karma / yatkaroSi yadaznAsi yajjuhoSi dadAsi yat / yattapasyasi kaunteya tatkuruSva madarpaNam // [ dvitIya bhAga AAAAA ( gItA 9 / 27 ) arthAt he arjuna, jo tuma karate ho, jo khAte ho, jo homa yA dAna karate ho, jo tapa karate ho, vaha saba mujhe arpaNa karado / isI arthake anusAra jAtakarmase lekara antyeSTi karma taka hindUke jIvanake sabhI karma dharma kArya kahe aura mAne jAte haiM, tathA dharmakArya samajha kara hI loga unakA anuSThAna karate haiM / 1 deharakSA, strIkA pANigrahaNa, strI-putra AdikA pAlana, sAmAjika karma-samUha Adi sabhI nitya-naimattika kAmoMko isI taraha dharmakArya samajhakara IzvarakI prasannatAke lie kara sakanese hI unake sucArU rUpa se sampanna honekI aura unameM kisI taraha pApakI chAyA na par3anekI saMbhAvanA hai| japa-tapa pUjA pATha hI kevala Izvarake pratikartavya karma haiM, ye hI kevala dharmakArya haiM, aura hamAre anya kartavya karma kevala manuSya ke prati kartavya haiM, ve kevala laukika yA vaiSayika kArya haiM, dharma yA Izvarake sAtha unakA kucha bhI sambandha nahIM hai- aisA samajhanA bhrama hai / jo loga Izvara aura parakAla mAnate haiM, unheM kyA pArivArika, kyA sAmAjika, aura kyA rAjanItika, sabhI kArya IzvarakI prItike lie dharmakArya samajhakara sampanna karane caahie| kAraNa, sabhI kAryoMkA AdhyAtmika phalAphala hai, sabhI kAryoMkA phalAphala isa loka meM aura paralokameM bhoganA hotA hai / eka sAdhAraNa dRSTAntake dvArA yaha bAta aura bhI spaSTa ho jAyagI / bhojana karanA to eka ati sAmAnya kArya hai / kintu vahI AhAra agara parimita aura sAtvikabhAvase kiyA jAtA hai, to usase dehakI susthatA, manakI zAnti, satkarma meM pravRtti hotI aura asatkarmase nivRtti hotI hai, aura usake phalase isa lokameM yathArtha sukha aura paralokake lie cittazuddhi prApta hotI hai / kintu AhAra agara aparimita aura rAjasika bhAvase kiyA jAtA hai, to usase dehakI asusthatA, manakI ugratA, satkarmase cir3ha aura asatkarmameM pravRtti hotI hai, aura usake phalase isaloka meM duHkha aura paralokake lie cittavikAra ityAdi azubhoMkA prApta honA nizcita hai /

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chaThA adhyAya ] dharmanItisiddha karma / 353 anwar ataeva AhArako bhI dharmakArya samajhakara Izvarako smaraNakara pavitra bhAvase usameM pravRtta honA kartavya hai| vaise hI yathAsaMbhava jJAnakA aura dharmakA upAna bhI dharmakArya hai| kyoMki vaha apanI aura dUsarekI vaiSayika unnatikA, aura prakArAntarase kramazaH AdhyAtmika unnatikA, upAya hai| yahI samajhakara usameM pravRtta honA haraekakA kartavya hai| aisA karanese hI vaha kArya pavitra nAvase saMpanna hogaa| ataeva sAdhAraNataH hama sabhIko apane saba kartavya karma Izvarake uddezase karane caahie| Izvarake prati vizeSa kartavya / kintu hamAre kaI eka vizeSa kArya haiM, jo kevala Izvarake prati kartavya haiN| inameMse IzvarakI bhakti karanA sabase pahalA kartavya hai| iishvrbhkti| isa jagaha para prazna uTha sakatA hai ki hama IzvarakI bhakti kyoM karate haiM ? ' usase prasanna hoMge, aura prasanna hokara hamArA bhalA kareMge, isa lie ? yA nakI sRSTike niyamake anusAra hamAre manameM unake prati bhaktikA udaya hotA ', aura vaha bhakti sRSTi ke niyamake anusAra hamArI bhalAI karatI hai, isa hae ? jo loga Izvarako vyakti-bhAvase dekhate haiM, aura kahate haiM ki Izvarako pakti-bhAvase na mAnakara jagatkI zaktisamaSTiko Izvara kahanese vaha Izvarada nirIzvaravAdake sivA aura kucha nahIM hai, unakA mata yaha hai ki hama jaise I hamArI bhakti karatA hai to usake Upara santuSTa hote haiM aura usakA upAra karaneke lie udyata hote haiM, vaise hI Izvara bhI apanI bhakti karanevAle ktake Upara prasanna hote haiM, aura usakA bhalA karate haiN| aura jo loga Izvako brahmarUpa mAnate haiM, aura jagatko Izvarase alaga nahIM jAnate, arthAt jo ga pUrNAdvaitavAdI haiM aura IzvarameM vyakti-bhAva Aropita karaneko asaMgata majhate haiM, unakA mata yaha hai ki IzvarakI bhakti karanA jIvakA svabhAvaddha dharma hai, aura usa bhaktike karanese bhaktakA maMgala honA IzvarakI saSTiniyama hai| loga sahaja hI jagatko apane samAna dekhate yA mAnate haiM-'Atmavanmapate jagat '-aura Izvara meM bhI apanI prakRti tathA doSaguNakA AropaNa rate haiM / kintu tanika socakara dekhanese hI mAlUma ho jAtA hai ki Izvarake jJA0-23

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354 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga sambandhameM hamArA jJAna bahuta hI kama hai| 'neti neti' (aisA nahIM hai, aisA nahIM hai ) kahakara hI hama Izvarake svarUpakI kalpanA karate haiM (1) / Izvarake svarUpako jAnanA mAnava-zaktike pare hai, yaha kahakara Ajakalake vaijJAnika loga hamase Izvarake jAnanekI niSphala ceSTAse nivRtta honeko kahate haiN| yadyapi hama Izvarake svarUpako nahIM jAna sakeMge, tathApi Izvarako jAnanekI ceSTAse hama bAja nahIM Asakate / ve kaise haiM, unakA kyA rUpa hai-yaha hama jAnate haiM, aisA kahakara koI koI vyagratAke sAtha jJAnamArgakA anusaraNa karate hue " tattvamasi' ( tuma hI vaha ho) (2) isa siddhAnta para pahuMce haiN| koI koI loga yaha kahakara ki jJAnamArga durUha hai, aura IzvarakA kyA rUpa hai-yaha ThIka ThIka jAna sakeM yA na jAna sakeM, hama unake sAtha milanA cAhate haiM aura bhaktimArgameM IzvarakA anusaraNa karake unake sAtha tanmayatA prApta kara sakanese hI muktikA mila jAnA samajhate haiM ( 3 ) / kintu bhakta aura jJAnI donoM hI Izvarake sAtha mila jAnekI icchA karate haiM, aura vaha milanalAbhakI icchA hI yathArtha bhakti kahI jAtI hai| Izvara cAhe vyaktibhAvApanna hoM, aura cAhe vizvarUpa aura vizvakI ananta zakti hI hoM, unake sAtha milanekI jo manuSyakI icchA hai usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki manuSya apanI apUrNatA aura abhAva tathA usa abhAvakI pUrtimeM asamarthatAke kAraNa nirantara vyAkula rahatA hai, aura " vizvakA mUla jo ananta zakti hai usakA Azraya grahaNa karanese usa apUrNatAkI pUrti ho jAyagI tathA vaha abhAva dUra ho jAyagA," isa asphuTa jJAna yA vizvAsake dvArA prerita ho rahA hai, isI lie vaha usa ananta zaktike sAtha milanekI icchA karatA hai| ata eva IzvarameM bhakti honA manuSyake lie svabhAvasiddha hai / magara hA~, kuzikSA yA kusaMskArake dvArA Izvara-vizvAsa naSTa ho jAnese hamAre hRdayase vaha bhakti lupta ho jAtI hai| IzvarakI bhakti jo manuSyake lie zubhakara aura kartavya hai, usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki Izvara para bhakti rahanese yaha vizvAsa ki jagatkI ananta zakti nirantara hamArI sahAyatA karatI hai aura hamAre kAryoMko dekhatI rahatI hai, (1) bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad 4 / 2 / 4 dekho| ( 2 ) chAndogya upaniSad 68-16 dekho / ( 3 ) gItAkA bArahavA~ adhyAya dekho|

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chaThA adhyAya ] dharmanItisiddha karma / hamAre saba tarahake nairAzyako miTAtA hai, aura satkarmake durUha hone para bhI hamako usakI ora pravRtta karatA hai, tathA asatkarmake sahaja aura bhAraMbhameM sukhakara ( ApAtamadhura ) hone para bhI hamako udharase nivRtta karatA hai| IzvarakI bhakti manuSyake lie maMgalakara honekA aura bhI eka kAraNa hai| Izvara pUrNa, pavitra aura mahAn haiN| unakI bhakti arthAt unase milanekI icchA sarvadA manameM jagI rahanese jo pUrNa, pavitra aura mahAn hai usImeM manuSyakA mana anurakta rahatA hai, aura jo apUrNa, apavitra aura kSudra hai usakI orase cittakI vRtti phirI rahatI hai| inhIM saba kAraNoMse Izvarake prati bhakti manujyakA svabhAvasiddha kartavya aura maMgalakara kArya hai| yahIM taka yaha viSaya hamAre lie bodhagamya hai| isake sivA, IzvarakI bhakti karanese ve usase prasanna hote haiM yA nahIM, aura prasanna hokara hamArA maMgala karate haiM ki nahIM, yaha hama ThIka nahIM kaha sakate / yadi hama logoMkI prakRti unakI prakRtike anurUpa ho, to aisA saMbhava bhI ho sakatA hai| kintu yaha bAta bhI nizcitarUpase kahI nahIM jAsakatI ki unakI prakRti hama aise apUrNa jIvoMkI prakRtike samAna hai| hA~, kevala itanA kahA jA sakatA hai ki hamArA jo kucha bhalA-burA jJAna hai, vaha unhIMke ananta jJAnakA asphuTa AbhAsa hai, aura isI kAraNa vaha sarvathA alIka ( mithyA) nahIM hai| nitya upaasnaa| IzvarakI nitya upAsanA unake prati manuSyakA dUsarA vizeSa kartavya hai| dehake abhAvoMkI pUrti aura viSayavAsanAkI tRptike lie hama usameM nirantara itanA lipta rahate haiM ki sahajameM AdhyAtmika cintAmeM mana lagAnekA avasara nahIM pAte / isI kAraNa pratidina dinake kAma zurU karane ke pahale aura samApta karaneke pIche, kamase kama do bAra, IzvarakI upAsanAke lie kucha samaya niyata kara rakhanA Avazyaka hai / aisA karanese, eka to icchAse yA anicchAse dinabharameM do daphe AdhyAtmika cintAkI ora mana jAyagA, aura kramazaH abhyAsa ho jAnepara nitya upAsanAkI ora ApahIse mana AkRSTa hogA / IzvarakI bhakti manuSyake lie maMgaladAyinI honeke jo jo kAraNa Upara kahe gaye haiM, ThIka unhIM kAraNoMse nitya IzvarakI upAsanA bhI hamAre lie maMgalakara hai| upAsanAse yaha bodha utpanna hotA hai ki hama Izvarake samIpa haiM, ataeva

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jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAgaha usake sAtha hI manameM isa bhAvakA udaya hotA hai ki unakI anantazakti hameM karmameM saMcAlita karatI hai, aura hama unakI pUrNatA aura pavitratAkI chAyAmeM haiN| isase bar3ha kara AdhyAtmika unnatikA zreSTha upAya aura kyA ho sakatA hai? ___ yaha cAhie-vaha cAhie, kahakara Izvarake nikaTa prArthanA karanA akartavya hai| isakA kucha ThIka nahIM hai ki hama jo cAheMge vahI pAveMge / kintu yaha bAta nizcita hai ki hama agara koI anucita prArthanA kareMge to vaha pUrNa nahIM hogii| yahIM taka prArthanA vidhisiddha hai ki hamArA jisameM maMgala ho vahI hama pAveM, vahI ho| ekAgrabhAvase yaha prArthanA karanese hamArI ekAgratA hI hameM vaha phala dilA degI / upAsanAke samaya apanI icchAke anusAra prArthanA na karake Izvarake Upara hI saMpUrNarUpase bharosA rakhanekA eka sundara dRSTAnta brAhmaNoMke 'sandhyAvandana' ke eka mantrameM hai| ApodevatAse-arthAt jo aizI zakti jIvako bhItara aura bAharase pavitra karatI hai usa zaktise-upAsaka kahatA hai"yo vaH zivatamo rasastasya bhAjayatehanaH / uzatIriva maatrH"(1)| arthAt tumhAre jo sarvazreSTha maMgalakara rasa haiM santAnakI hitakAmanAse pUrNa mAtAkI taraha, una rasoMkA bhAgI hameM banAo / matalaba yaha ki mAtA jaise santAnako, vaha use jAne yA na jAne, vahI degI jisameM usakA bhalA hogA, caise hI Izvara bhI apane upAsakako, vaha use jAne yA na jAne, vahI deM jisameM usakA kalyANa ho| jisa jAtikI jaisI prAcIna paddhati hai usIke anusAra, yathAyogyarUpase, upAsanA honA acchA hai / vedamantroMmeM koI daivazakti hai, yaha maiM nahIM kahatA, kintu unake adbhuta racanAsaundaryakA khayAla karanese aura itane dinoMtaka hamAre pUrvapuruSoMke dvArA unakA prayoga hote rahane para dhyAna denese yaha avazya . hI svIkAra karanA par3atA hai ki unameM bhAvoddIpanakI zakti asAdhAraNa hai| yaha saca hai ki asala upAsanA manakA viSaya hai, vaha vacanase pare arthAt ani rvacanIya hai| kintu agara upAsanAmeM bhASAkA prayoga karanA ho, to isameM kucha bhI sandeha nahIM prAcIna paddhati hI prazasta hai| (1) Rgveda 10 maNDala, 9 sUkta, 1-3 RcA dekho|

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chaThA adhyAya] dharmanItisiddha karma / kAmya upaasnaa| sthalavizeSa aura samayavizeSameM kAmya upAsanA Izvarake prati manuSyakA aura eka kartavya hai| pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki Izvarake nikaTa 'yaha cAhie vaha cAhie' kahakara prArthanA karanA akartavya hai, to phira kAmya upAsanA kaise kartavya ho sakatI hai ?-isa praznake uttarameM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki hama jaba kisI vipattimeM par3ate haiM, yA kisI kaThina kartavyake pAlanameM pravRtta hote haiM, taba, jinakI asIma zakti hamAre sabhI karmoMkA saJcAlana karatI hai unheM ekAgratAke sAtha smaraNa karanese, hamAre manameM jo apanI asamarthatAkA bodha hai vaha dUra ho jAtA hai, aura manameM apUrva utsAha aura udyamakA saJcAra hotA hai| __mUrtipUjA aura devadeviyoMkI puujaa| ___ koI koI kahate haiM ki mUrtipUjA aura devadeviyoM kI pUjAkA nivAraNa karanA bhI Izvarake prati manuSyakA eka vizeSa kartavya hai| kAraNa Izvara nirAkAra aura ananta hai, eka aura advitIya hai, use sAkAra aura sasIma mUrtiyukta samajhanese, aura usake sAtha hI aneka devadeviyoMkI pUjA karanese,usakA apamAna kiyA jAtA hai| agara koI IzvarakA pUrNa aura sarvavyApI honA asvIkAra karake yaha kahe ki ve kevala mUrtivizeSameM sthita haiM, athavA unake samAna yA unase alaga samajhakara anya devadeviyoMkI pUjA kare, to usakA vaha kArya avazya hI nindita hai| kintu aisA kArya bahuta hI kama loga karate haiN| jo loga mUrtipUjA yA aneka devadeviyoMkI pUjA karate haiM, ve yaha bAta kahate haiM ki nirAkAra IzvarameM manakA lagAnA kaThina yA asaMbhava hai, aura Izvara jaba sarvavyApI haiM to ve mUrtivizeSameM bhI haiM, yahI socakara usa mUrti meM unhIMkI pUjA kI jAtI hai aura devadeviyoMko unhIMkI bhinna bhinna zaktiyoMkA pratirUpa samajha kara devadeviyoMmeM bhI usI ananta zaktikI pUjA kI jAtI hai| aisA kArya, nirdoSa bhale hI na ho, nindita nahIM kahA jA sakatA, khAsa kara usa hAlatameM jaba dekhA jAtA hai ki jo loga mUrtipUjAke virodhI haiM unhIMmeMse aneka loga Izvarako vyaktibhAvaviziSTa samajhate haiN| 2 manuSyake prati manuSyake dharmanItisiddha karma / manuSyake prati manuSyakA dharmanItisiddha pahalA kartavya paraspara eka dUsareke dharma para yathAyogya zraddhAkA bhAva dikhAnA hai|

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jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga loga apane dharmako hI ThIka dharma mAnakara vaisA hI vizvAsa karate haiM; aura yaha icchA karate haiM ki sabhI usI dharmako mAnanevAle ho jaayN| kintu sabhIke eka dharmAvalambI honekI AzA karanA asaMgata hai| manuSyajAtikI aneka viSayoM meM ekatA huI hai, aura kramazaH aura bhI aneka viSayoM meM ekatA hogii| kintu sabhI viSayoMmeM ekatA honekI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai| kAraNa, pUrvasaMskAra, pUrvazikSA, dezakI naisargika avasthA aura rItinIti, ye saba bAteM bhinna bhinna vyaktiyoM aura bhinna bhinna jAtiyoMkI itanI vibhinna haiM ki unameM una bAtoMse utpanna pArthakya avazya hI raha jAyagA / ataeva dharmake sambandhameM bhI yadyapi moTI bAtoM (jaise Izvara aura parakAlameM vizvAsa ) ko lekara bhinna bhinna dharmoM meM pArthakya nahIM raha sakatA hai, tathApi sUkSma bAtoMko lekara parasparakA pArthakya anivArya hai| isa avasthAmeM sabhI manuSyoMko eka dharmameM lAnekI ceSTA niSphala hai| jaba yaha bAta hai ki pRthvIpara bhinna bhinna dharma bane raheMge, aura sabhI loga vizvAsa karate haiM ki unhIMkA apanA dharma ThIka hai, taba kisIke dharmase dveSa karanA yA usake bAremeM ThaTThA karanA kisIkA bhI kartavya nahIM hai| agara kisIkI rAyameM koI dharma bilkula hI bhrAntimUlaka ho, yA usakA koI anuSThAna amaMgalakara athavA vAhiyAta jAna par3e, aura . usa usa viSayakA saMzodhana karanekI use bar3I hI icchA ho, to dhIra aura saMyatabhAvase zraddhAke sAtha una saba viSayoMkI AlocanA karanI cAhie / isake viparIta karanemeM, arthAt kevala apane dharmakI pradhAnatA sthApita karaneke lie, athavA tarkameM anyadharmAvalambIko parAsta karaneke irAdese AlocanA karanemeM, dharmasaMzodhanakA uddezya to saphala hI na hogA, ulaTe usa bhinna dharmAvalambIke sAtha vaimanasya aura vidveSa bar3ha jaaygaa| sAdhAraNa aura sAmpradAyika dharma sIkhanekI vyavasthA karanA manuSyake prati manuSyakA dharmanItisiddha dUsarA kartavya karma hai / yadi kisI dezameM kisI kAraNase (jaise bhAratameM rAjA aura prajAkA dharma bhinna bhinna honeke kAraNa) rAjA apanI prajAkI dharmazikSAkA bhAra Apa apane Upara na le, to usa dezameM apane logoMkI dharmazikSAke lie vyavasthA karanekA bhAra prajAke Upara gurutara bhAvase Apar3atA hai| __ agara logoMkA hita karanA manuSyakA kartavya karma ho, to logoMkI dharmazikSAkA prabandha karanA manuSyakA AtipradhAna kartavya hai / kAraNa, logoMko

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chaThA adhyAya ] dharmanItisiddha karma | 359 1 dharmazikSA denekI apekSA unake lie adhikatara hitakara kArya aura koI nahIM hai / dharmazikSA pAnese hI loga ihakAla aura parakAla donoMke lie prastuta ho sakate haiM / yathArtha dharmazikSA kevala parakAlahIke lie nahIM hotI / kAraNa, vaha zikSA sabake pahale kaha detI hai ki isI lokake bhItara hokara paraloka jAnekI rAha hai, aura isa lokake kAryako sucArurUpase sampanna kiye binA paraloka meM sadgati nahIM hotI / isI kAraNa dharmazikSAko saba zikSAoM kI jar3a kahA jAtA hai / yathArtha dharmazikSA pAnese loga Apa hI vyagratAke sAtha isa lokake kartavyapAlanake upayogI zikSA pAneke lie yatnazIla hote haiM, aura sAdhutAke sAtha saMsArayAtrAkA nirvAha karaneke lie irAdA karate haiM / 1 dharmazikSA jaise logoMke ihakAla aura parakAla donoMke lie maMgalakAriNI hai, aura logoM kI dhArmika zikSAkA prabandha karanA jaise manuSyakA pradhAna kartavya hai, vaise hI yathArtha dharmazikSA denA kaThina kAma bhI hai / eka to dharmake sambandhameM itanA matabheda hai ki kauna kise kaisI zikSA degA yaha ThIka karanA durUha hai / dUsare, kevala dharmanItikA jJAna ho jAnese hI dharmakI zikSA pUrI nahIM hotI, vaha jJAna jisase kArya meM pariNata ho, arthAt jisase dharmanItisiddha kAma karanekA abhyAsa ho, isakA prabandha karanA bhI dharmazikSAkA aMga hai, aura vaisA prabandha karanA koI sahaja kAma nahIM hai / sabase pahale mAtA-pitAke nikaTa dharmakI zikSA milanI caahie| vaha zikSA, sAdhAraNa dharma aura sAmpradAyika dharma, donoMke sambandhameM ho sakatI hai / aura mAtA-pitAkI dI huI dharmazikSAmeM, dharmanItike jJAnakA lAbha aura dharmakArya karanekA abhyAsa karAnA, ina donoM viSayoMpara tulya dRSTi rakkhI jA sakatI hai| pitA aura mAtAke nikaTa putra-kanyAkI dharmazikSA ke subhIte ke lie haraeka parivAra meM pratidina kamase kama hara haphte meM ekadina, dharmakathAkI AlocanAke lie - dhArmika bAtoMkI carcA ke lie kucha samaya baMdhA rahanA caahie| aura, pratidina hI maukeke mAphika parivAra ke lar3akI-lar3akoM ko kisI na kisI dharmakArya ke anuSThAnameM kisI taraha lagAnA kartavya hai / sarakArI skUloM meM rahe yA na rahe, prajAke dvArA sthApita haraeka pAThazAlA yA skUla dharmazikSAkI vyavasthA rahanI cAhie / lekina vaha zikSA sAdhAraNa aat ho / sAmpradAyika dharmokI zikSA honA saMbhavapara nahIM hai / kAraNa,

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360 jJAna aura karma / [dvitIya bhAga skUloM meM aneka dharmasampradAyake vidyArthI Akara jamA ho sakate haiN| sabake lie alaga alaga sAMpradAyika dhamAkI zikSAkA prabandha ho nahIM sktaa| isake sivA dhArmika bAtoMkI AlocanAke lie sabhAsamitiyoMke adhive. zana (baiThakeM ) honekA prabandha bhI rahanA cAhie / isa dezameM kathA-purANa bA~canekI jo cAla thI, aura isa samaya bhI kucha kucha hai, vaha sAdhAraNadharmakI zikSAke lie vizeSa upayogI hai aura usakA adhikatara pracAra honA vAMchanIya hai / kathA-purANa vagairaha jisa bhASAmeM bA~ce jAte haiM use bAlaka-bUr3he aura aurateM saba sahajameM samajha jAte haiN| kathA bA~canevAle vyAsakI vaktatA. zakti aura saMgItazaktike prayogase kathA jo hai vaha eka sAtha hI jJAna aura Ananda dekara sahaja hI saba zreNiyoMke zrotAoMkA citta apanI ora khIMcanemeM samartha hotI hai| - dhrm-sNshodhn| dharmakA saMzodhana karanA manuSyake prati manuSyakA dharmaviSayaka tIsarA kartavya hai| dharma eka sanAtana padArtha hai| kisI samayameM bhI usakA parivartana nahIM ho sktaa| kintu jagat nirantara parivartanazIla hai, manuSyakI prakRti aura jJAna bhI badalatA rahatA hai| ataeva manuSya jise dharma mAnatA hai, manuSyakI prakRti aura jJAnake parivartanake sAtha hI sAtha vaha bhI parivartita hotA rahatA hai| isI kAraNa dharmakI glAni aura adharmake abhyutthAnakI bAta gItAmeM (1) kahI gaI hai / aura, isI kAraNa manu bhagavAnane kahA hai anye kRtayuge dharmAstretAyAM dvApare'pare / anye kaliyuge nRNAM yugahAsAnurUpataH // -manu 1185 / arthAt uttarottara hrAsa honeke anusAra manuSyoMke dharma satyayugameM aura, tretAmeM aura, dvAparameM aura, aura kaliyugameM aura hI hote haiN| * aneka loga kahate haiM ki yadyapi sAdhAraNa manuSyakA jJAna parivartanazIla hai, kramazaH vikAsako prApta hotA hai, aura usa jJAnase prApta tattvakA bhI pari(1) yadA yadA hi dharmasya glAnirbhavati bhArata / abhyutthAnamadharmasya tadAtmAnaM sRjAmyaham // (gItA a0 4, zloka7 )

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chaThA adhyAya ] dharmanItisiddha karma / 361 vartana avazya hI usake sAtha hI sAtha hotA hai, kintu jagatke dharmazAstrapraNetA loga sAdhAraNa manuSyamAtra nahIM the, aura asAdhAraNa jJAnase jAne gaye jo saba tattva zAstroMmeM kahe gaye haiM unameM koI parivartana nahIM ho sakatA, ve saba jamaya grAhya athavA mAnanIya haiM, unakA saMzodhana anAvazyaka aura asaMbhava hai| hiMdU loga kahate haiM, veda Adi dharmazAstra apauruSeya aura abhrAnta haiM, IsAI loga bAibilako vaisA hI batAte haiM, musalamAnoMke matase kurAnazarIpha bhI vaisI hI kitAba hai| maiM isa samaya yahA~ para ina saba bAtoMkA zAstrIya vicAra nahIM karanA cAhatA / kintu yuktimUlaka AlocanA kI jAya, to kahA jA sakatA hai ki pRthvIke dharmazAstrapraNetA loga jo IzvarakA avatAra yA abhrAnta kahakara saMmAnita kiye gaye haiM, usakA matalaba isI arthameM saMgata hai ke unake asAdhAraNa manonivezake phalase, unakI AtmAmeM ananta caitanyakA alaukika vikAsa honeke kAraNa, ve saba AdhyAtmika tattvoMko sarva sAdhAraNakI apekSA adhikatara vizadabhAvase jAna sake the, aura auroMko bhI jatA sake the| una saba tattvoM meM se kucha nitya aura aparivartanIya haiM, aura kucha aise haiM ki ve jina jina dezoM meM jina jina samayoMmeM AvirbhUta hote haiM, una una dezoM aura samayoMke lie vizeSa upayogI hote haiM, anya dezoM aura samayoMke lie upayogI nahIM hote / isa dvitIya zreNIke dharmatattvoM para lakSya rakhakara hI manISI logoMne dezadharma aura yugadharmakI bAteM kahI haiN| isake sivA dharmazAstrapraNetA loga apane apane dharmakA jisa bhAvase prathama pracAra karate haiM, usa usa dharmako grahaNa karanevAle loga apane doSase kucha samayake bAda samayake pherase usI bhAvase usakA AcaraNa nahIM kara sakate, aura usakA phala yaha hotA hai ki dharmakI glAni upasthita hotI hai| inhIM saba kAraNoMse dharmakA mUla aparivartanIya hone para bhI, dharmake saMzodhanakA prayojana upasthita hotA hai| dharmakA saMzodhana Avazyaka hone para bhI yAda rakhanA hogA ki vaha bahuta hI durUha kArya hai, usako hara eka AdamI nahIM kara sakatA / bahuta hI sAvadhAna hokara zraddhAke sAtha yaha kAma karanA cAhie / dharmakA saMzodhana karaneke lie pracalita dharmake doSoMkA kIrtana karanA par3atA hai, aura usake sAtha hI usake Upara logoMke manameM kucha azraddhAkA bhAva paidA karanA par3atA hai| dharmake

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362 [ dvitIya bhAga 1 Upara azraddhA utpanna karA denA jitanA sahaja hai, usa para phira zraddhA utpanna karA denA utanA sahaja nahIM hai / ataeva asAvadhAna yA adUradarzI AdamI agara dharmakA saMzodhana karanA cAhatA hai to usake dvArA logoMke dharma- lopakI AzaMkA rahatI hai / phira dharmapara jinheM andhavizvAsa hai, unakA vaha vizvAsa tarkase jAnevAlA nahIM / aura, unake sAtha pracalita dharmake bAremeM azraddhAsUcaka. bAtacIta karanA, unako marmasthala meM kaSTa pahu~canevAlI vedanA denA hai / isI lie dharmasaMskArakako apanA kAma uddhatabhAvase yA anAsthAke sAtha nahIM karanA cAhie / aura karma / jJAna hindUdharmakA saMzodhana | anya dharmoMke saMzodhanakI bAta agara maiM kahU~gA to vaha anucita hogaa| isa lie yahA~ para kevala hindUdharmake saMzodhanake sambandha meM hI maiM do-eka bAteM kahU~gA / kyoMki isakA mujhe adhikAra hai / hindUdharma atyanta prAcIna dharma hai / samayAnusAra isameM bahuta kucha parivartana huA hai / aura, yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakata ha ki isa samaya isake saMzodhanakA prayojana nahIM hai / lekina adhikAMza saMskAraka (riphArmara) jina saMskAroM ko bahuta hI Avazyaka samajhate haiM, ve sabhI utane prayoja* nIya aura nizcita rUpase hitakara nahIM kahe jA skte| jina saMzodhanoMkA Andolana ho rahA hai, yA huA hai, unakI acchI taraha pUrNarUpase Alocana isa choTese grantha meM ho nahIM sakatI / unameMse (1) mUrtipUjAnivAraNa, (2) pUjA meM pazu - balidAnakA nivAraNa, ( 3 ) bAlyavivAha - nivAraNa, ( 4 ) vidhavAvivAha calAnA, ( 5 ) jAtibheda dUra karanA, ( 6 ) kAyasthoMko yajJopavIta saMskArakA adhikAra, (7) vilAyatase lauTe logoM ko samAja meM milAnA, ina kaI viSayoMke bAre meM yahA~ para do-eka bAteM likhI jAya~gI / 1 mUrti pUjA nivAraNa / * mUrtipUjAke sambandhameM pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki agara koI mUrtiko hI Izvara samajha baiThe, to vaha usakA bilkula hI bhrama hai / kintu yadi koI nirAkAra Izvara meM mana lagAnA kaThina yA asaMbhava jAnakara, unako sAkAra mUrtimeM AvirbhUta mAnakara, unakI upAsanA karatA hai, to usakA vaha kArya ninda nIya nahIM kahA jA sakatA / hinduoMkI pUjA-praNAlI meM hI isake anekAneka

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chaThA adhyAya ] dharmanItisiddha karma / 363 pramANa maujUda haiM ki hinduoMkI mUrtipUjA sacce IzvarakI ArAdhanA hai, au zikSita hindUmAtra use isI dRSTise dekhate aura samajhate haiM / hindU jaba mUrtikI pUjA karatA hai, to usa mUrtiko anAdi ananta vizvavyApi IzvarakI mUrti samajhatA hai / asaMkhya hindU jisakA nitya pATha karate haiM usa mahimnaHstotrakA eka zloka yaha hai trayI sAMkhyaM yogaH pazupatimataM vaiSNavamiti, prabhinne prasthAne paramidamadaH pathyamiti ca / rucInAM vaicitryAdRjukuTilanAnApathajuSAM, nRNAmeko gamyastvamasi payasAmarNava iva // " arthAt, vedatrayI sAMkhyazAstra, yogazAstra, pAzupatamata, vaiSNavamata ityAdimeMse yaha zreSTha rAha hai, vaha zreSTha rAha hai, isa taraha kaha kara unake anuyAyI loga bhinna bhinna rAhase jAte haiM / ruciyoMkI vicitratAke anusAra Ter3hI-sIdhI rAhoMpara calanevAle una saba manuSyoMkA gamya sthAna, he mahezvara, usI taraha eka tumhIM ho, jisa taraha saba nadiyA~ eka samudrahImeM jAkara milatI haiM / saba hinduoMke pUjya grantha bhagavadgItA upaniSad meM kathita yaha bhagavadvAkya bhI isI bAta ko pramANita karatA hai ye'pyanyadevatAbhaktA yajanti zraddhayA'nvitAH / tespi mAmeva kaunteya yajantyavidhipUrvakam // ( gItA 9 / 23 ) arthAta, he kaunteya, jo loga, anya devatAoMke bhakta haiM, aura zraddhApUrvaka unakI pUjA karate haiM, ve bhI, vidhipUrvaka na honepara bhI, usa taraha merI hI pUjA karate haiM 1 hinduoM kI sAkAra - upAsanA yathArtha meM nirAkAra sarvavyApI IzvarakI hI upAsanA hai, aura isa bAtako spaSTa pramANita karanevAlA, vyAsakA eka suMdara bhAvapUrNa zloka nIce likhA jAtA hai-- rUpaM rUpavivarjitasya bhavato dhyAnena yadvarNitam, stutyA'nirvacanIyatA'khilagurordUrIkRtA yanmayA /

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364 jJAna aura karma / vyApyatvaJca nirAkRtaM bhagavato yattIrthayAtrAdinA, kSantavyaM jagadIza tadvikalatAdoSatrayaM matkRtam // arthAt, he jagadIza, ApakA koI rUpa nahIM hai, phira bhI maiMne dhyAnameM Apake rUpakA varNana kiyA hai, he saMpUrNa jIvoMke guru, Apa vacanase pare haiM, phira bhI maiMne stuti meM ApakI mahimA gAkara ApakI anirvacanIyatA miTAI hai, he bhagavan, Apa sarvavyApI haiM, phira bhI maiMne tIrthayAtrA Adi karake usakA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| mujha mUr3ha matine ye tIna doSa karake ApameM vikalatAkA Aropa kiyA hai, so Apa mere isa aparAdha ko kSamA kIjie / ataeva hindUdharma pauttalikatA ( butaparastI ) yA bahu-IzvaravAda ke doSase dUSita nahIM hai / use pauttalika kahanA, yA bahuta Izvara mAnanevAlA kahanA kadApi ucita nahIM hai / 1 [ dvitIya bhAga 2 pUjA meM pazu balidAnakA nivAraNa | devatAke uddezase pazu balidAnakI cAla isa jAtimeM do kAraNoMse pracalita huI hogI / eka to devatAkI prasannatA ke lie apanI utkRSTa cIja, mamatA chor3akara, denekI icchA manuSyakI Adima avasthA ke lie svabhAvasiddha bAta hai / Izvara manuSyase mahAn haiM, kintu ( sAkAra avasthA meM ) unakI prakRti hamArI prakRtike samAna hai ( 1 ) / ataeva hama agara apanI utkRSTa vastu unako arpaNa kareM to ve usase avazya hI santuSTa hoMge - isI bhAvase bhaktikA prathama vikAsa huA hogA / isI kAraNa bhinna bhinna dezoM ke dharmazAstroM meM narabali, apane putrakI bali, aura pazubalike aneka vRttAnta pAye jAte haiM / jaise--zunaH zephakA upAkhyAna ( 2 ), dAtA karNakI kathA, aura ibrAhImakA upAkhyAna ( 3 ) | Izvara kucha nahIM cAhate, unake niyamakA pAlana hI paramabhakti hai, aura unakI prItike lie balidAna Avazyaka nahIM hai-- manuSya ke manameM yaha bhAva AdhyAtmika unnati ke sAtha dhIre dhIre udaya hotA hai / ( 1 ) Rgveda 1 maM0, 24 sU0; aitareya brAhmaNa, saptama paJjikA; rAmA- yaNa bAlakANDa, a0 61-62 dekho / ( 2 ) Genesis XXII dekho / ( 3 ) zabdakalpadruma meM 'baliH ' zabda dekho /

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pA~cavA~ adhyAya ] dharmanItisiddha karma / dUsare, pravRttiparatantra manuSyakI mAMsabhojanakI prabala pravRttiko kucha saMyata aura nivRttimukhI karaneke lie, pUjAmeM devatAke uddezase pazubadha vidhisiddha hai, aura anyatra niSiddha hai-isa taraha kI vyavasthA dharmazAstrapraNetA logoMke dvArA sthApita honA bhI asaMbhava nahIM hai| kintu cAhe jisa kAraNase pazubalidAnakI cAla calAI gaI ho. use rokanekI bar3I jarUrata hai| IzvarakI prItike lie jIvahiMsA prayojanIya hai, yaha bAta yuktike sAtha mela nahIM khAtI / sAtvika pUjAmeM pazubalidAnakA prayojana na honeke pramANa bhI hindU zAstroMmeM yatheSTa haiM (.) / 3 bAlyavivAha-nivAraNa / hindU zAstroMmeM puruSake bAlyavivAhakI koI vidhi hI nahIM hai| balki prakArAntarase usakA niSedha hI dekhaneko milatA hai (2) / lekina strIke lie prathama rajodarzanake pahale hI, athavA bAraha varSa bItaneke pahale hI, vivAhakI vyavasthA (3) rahaneke kAraNa bAlyavivAhako hindU dharmake dvArA anumodita kahanA hogaa| kintu usake sAtha hI zAstrameM likhA hai . kAmamAmaraNAtiSThedgahe knytumtypi| na caivenAM prayacchettu guNahInAya karhicit // ' -manu 9-89 / arthAt, rajasvalA honepara bhI kanyAko, usakI mRtyu taka, kvaoNrI hI bhale gharameM biThA rakkhe, kintu guNahIna varake sAtha kabhI usakA byAha na kre| zAstra ke isa vacana para, aura hindUsamAjakI isa samaya pracalita prathA para dRSTi DAlanese samajha par3atA hai ki bAraha varSakI apekSA adhika avasthAmeM aura prathama rajodarzanake bAda bhI kanyAkA byAha honA ekadama hindUdharmake viruddha loga nahIM samajhate / kintu prathama rajodarzanake bAdakA vivAha prazasta nahIM, nindanIya hai| ataeva bAlyavivAhakA nivAraNa karaneke lie hindUdharmake saMzodhanakA kucha prayojana nahIM jAna par3atA / bAlyavivAha hindUsamAjase eka taraha uTha gayA hai / thor3I avasthAmeM, arthAt kanyAkI terahase lekara caudaha varSataka kI avasthAmeM, aura putrakI solahase lekara aThAraha varSatakakI ava (1) manusaMhitA 3 / 1-4 dekho| (2) manusaMhitA 9189-94 dekho| ( 3 ) manusaMhitA 9 / 89-94 dekho|

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366 jJAna aura karma / [dvitIya bhAga sthAmeM byAha honA jo pracalita hai, vaha sAmAjika mAmalA hai, dharmake antargata viSaya nahIM hai, aura jaise usake pratikUla aneka bAteM haiM, vaise hI anukUla pakSameM bhI do eka bAteM haiN| una saba bAtoMkI kucha AlocanA isI bhAgake tIsare adhyAyameM kI jA cukI hai| yahA~ para usakI punarukti karanekI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| 4 vidhavAvivAhako pracalita krnaa| vidhavAkA vivAha hindUdharmake dvArA anumodita nahIM hai| brahmacarya aura ciravaidhavyapAlana hI hindUdharmake anusAra vidhavAkA kartavya hai| vidhavAvivAha hindUdharmameM ekadama niSiddha hai ki nahIM, isa bAtakI mImAMsA bahuta sahaja nahIM hai, aura isa samaya usakA vicAra niSprayojana bhI hai| kAraNa, isa * samaya vidhavAkA vivAha kAnUnase jAyaja hai (1), aura jo loga vidhavAvivAhameM zAmila haiM, ve yadyapi sarvavAdisaMmata rUpase samAjameM saMmilita nahIM haiM, kintu hindUsamAja unako ahindU yA bhinnadharmAvalambI nahIM khtaa| hindUsamAja yaha bAta kahatA hai ki jo vidhavA ciravaidhavyakA pAlana karanemeM asamartha hai, vaha byAha kara le, usakA byAha kAnUnase jAyaja hai, aura usameM kisIkI koI Apatti nahIM cala sakatI / lekina usakA vaha kArya ucca AdarzakA nahIM hai / jo vidhavA ciravaidhavyavratakA pAlana kara sakatI hai, usakA * kArya ucca AdarzakA hai| hindUsamAja pahalI zreNIkI vidhavAko mAnavI, aura ' dUsarI zreNIkI vidhavAko devIke nAmase pukAranA cAhatA hai| yaha bAta asaM. gata nahIM kahI jA sktii| jo vidhavA isa janmake sukhakI vAsanA chor3a kara paralokake maMgalakI kAmanAse mRta patikI smRtikI pUjA karatI huI apane jIvanako parivArakA, parosiyoMkA aura janasAdhAraNakA hita karanemeM lagA sakatI hai, usakA jIvana ucca AdarzakA hai, aura usakI tulanAmeM vaha 'vidhavA, jo isa lokake sukhakI kAmanAse dUsare patiko grahaNa karatI hai, usakA jIvana utane ucca AdarzakA nahIM hai, yaha bAta kisa kAraNase asvIkAra kI jA sakatI hai, so bahuta kucha socanese bhI samajhameM nahIM aataa| kisI vidhavAke abhibhAvaka usakA byAha kara deneko agara acchA samajheM to ve anAyAsa hI usakA byAha kara sakate haiM, aura kAnUnake mAphika vaha (1) isa sambandhameM san 1856 I0 kA 15 vA~ kAnUna dekhanA caahie|

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chaThA adhyAya] dharmanItisiddha krm| 367 www.mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm. vivAha jAyaja hai| kintu hindUsamAja vidhavAke vivAhakI apekSA ciravaidhavyapAlanako hI ucca AdarzakA kArya mAnatA hai| isa avasthAmeM vidhavAvivAhako calAnekI ceSTA, usa matako badalakara usake viparIta mata sthApita karanekI ceSTAke sivA aura kucha nahIM hai / kintu vaha kyA samAjake lie hitakara hai ? jIvanakA Adarza jitanA ucca rahe, samAjake lie kyA vaha utanA hI bhalAI kA kAraNa nahIM hai ? agara koI kahe ki samAjakA yaha mata una logoMke lie, jo vidhavAvivAhase sambandha rakhate haiM, spaSTarUpase cAhe na ho, prakArAntarase aniSTakara hai, to usakA bhI uttara hai / samAjake dvArA vidhavAvivAhase sambandha rakhanevAloMkA jo aniSTa hotA hai, vaha bahuta kucha unhIMke kAryakA phala hai| ve agara vidhavAvivAha ciravaidhavya pAlanakI apekSA acchA kAma hai, aura vidhavAvivAha samAja aura dezake maMgalake lie pracalita honA. cAhie, ityAdi bAteM kahakara, ciravaidhavyapAlanake Upara hindUsamAjakI jo zraddhA hai use naSTa karanekI ceSTA na kareM, to aneka loga unakA virodha karanA chor3a deNge| 5jAti-bhedakA nirAkaraNa / jAtibheda vartamAna hindUdharmakA eka vizeSa vidhAna hai| prAcIna vaidika yugameM jAtibheda thA ki nahIM, aura RgvedakA (1)puruSasUkta (jisameM jAtibhedakA pramANa hai) prakSipta hai ki nahIM, ina saba prAcIna tattvoMkI AlocanA honA, 'isa samaya jAtibheda miTA denA ucita hai ki nahIM ? ' isa praznake sambandhameM vizeSa prayojanIya nahIM jAna pdd'taa| aneka logoMkA mata hai ki use uThA denA ucita hai / kAraNa, vaha aneka prakArake aniSToMkI jar3a hai| jAtibhedakI prathA hinduoMmeM ekatA sthApita karanemeM bAdhA DAlanevAlI hai| aura, vaha kisI kisI jagaha ApasameM vidvaSabhAva bhI utpanna karatI hai| lekina yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki usameM kevala doSa hI doSa haiM, guNa eka bhI nahIM hai| hinduoMke bIca jo brAhmaNa-kSatriya-vaizya-zUdrakA janmagata jAMtibheda hai usane pAzcAtya sabhyatAke dhanI aura daridrake arthagata jAtibhedako hindUsamAjake bhItara saMpUrNa rUpase nahIM ghusane diyA hai| arthagata jAtibheda jitanA marmavedanAkA kAraNa hotA hai, utanA janmagata jAtibheda nahIM hotaa| pAzcAtya samAjameM dhanI aura nirdhanakA jitanA pArthakya hai, hindU (1) Rgveda maNDala 10, sUkta 90, RcA 12 /

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368 jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga samAjameM utanA nahIM hai| hinduoMmeM eka jAtike sabhI manuSya sAmAjika mAmaloM meM samAna haiM, unameM dhanI aura nirdhanakA antara nahIM dekhA jaataa| aura isI kAraNa, dhanakI maryAdA utanI adhika na honese, hindUsamAjameM dhanakI lAlasA kucha zAnta hai| kintu duHkhakA viSaya yaha hai ki usa bhAvakA aba aura adhika dina taka TikanA saMbhava nahIM hai| hinduoMkA jAtibheda aniSTakara kAraNa hone para bhI, use ekadama uThA denA bhI, asaMbhava hai| hindUko roTI-beTIke sambandhameM jAtibheda avazya hI mAnanA pdd'egaa| isakA kAraNa isI bhAgake cauthe adhyAyameM kahA jA cukA hai| yahA~ para use duharAnA niSprayojana hai / hA~, roTI aura beTI ina donoM viSayoMko chor3a kara aura saba mAmaloMmeM bhinna bhinna jAtiyoMko ApasameM sadbhAva avazya sthApita karanA caahie| eka jAtiko anya jAtise ghRNA yA anAdarakA vyavahAra bhUla kara bhI na karanA caahie| 6 kAyasthoMko yajJopavIta saMskArakA adhikAra / eka tarapha jaise kucha samAjasaMskAraka aura dharmasaMskAraka loga jAtibhedako ekadama uThA denekI ceSTA kara rahe haiM, vaise hI dUsarI tarapha aura kucha unhIM zroNiyoMke saMskAraka kAyasthoMko anya zUdra jAtiyoMse alaga karanekI, aura unheM kSatriyocita yajJopavIta saMskArakA adhikArI banAnekI, arthAt unako janeU pahanAnekI, ceSTAmeM lage hue dekha par3ate haiN| ___ kAyastha jAtike kSatriyavaMzasaMbhUta honekA kucha paurANika (1) pramANa hai, aura unakI AkRti-prakRti tathA brAhmaNoMke sAtha ghaniSTha sambandhase isa bAtakA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki ve anArya zUdra nahIM haiN| kintu bahuta dinoMse zUdroMke aise AcaraNa karaneke kAraNa adAlatake vicArameM (2) ve zUdra hI nizcita ho cuke haiN| isa samaya kAyastha loga janeU pahana kara, apaneko kSatriya kahakara, agara kSatriyoMke lar3akI lar3akoMke sAtha apane lar3akelar3akiyoMkA byAha kareM to vaha vivAha adAlatake vicArameM jAyaja hogA, yA (1) padmapurANa dekho| (2) Indian Law Reports, Vol. X, Calcutta. Series, P. 688 dekho|

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chaThA adhyAya ] dharmanItisiddha karma / 369 asavarNavivAha mAnA jAkara nAjAyaja hogA? aura koI kAyastha agara apane bhAnajeko (arthAt brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizyake lie niSiddha pAtrako) goda le, to vaha dattaka kAnUnakI rUse jAyaja hogA yA nAjAyaja ?-ina praznoMkA uttara denA sahaja nahIM hai / janeUke lie udyoga karanevAle kAyastha mahAzayoMko ina praznoMpara lakSya rakhanA cAhie, aura vicAra karanA caahie| 7 vilAyatase lauTe hue logoMko samAjameM lenA / iMglaiMDake sAtha bhAratakA jaisA ghaniSTa sambandha hai, aura vartamAna samayameM logoMke jaise aneka prakArake prayojana haiM, unapara dRSTi rakhanese anAyAsa hI spaSTa samajha par3atA hai ki isa samaya hinduoMke vilAyata aura anyAnya dUra dezoM meM jAnekI AvazyakatA hai| ataeva vilAyata yA vaise hI kisI aura dUradezase lauTa hue hindUko samAjameM na lenekA phala yaha hogA ki hindUsamAja dina dina kSINa hotA calA jAyagA / isa bAtako sabhI samajhate haiM, aura ise samajhaneke kAraNa hI aneka loga vilAyatase lauTe hue AdamiyoMko binA kisI bAdhAke samAjameM lene ke lie taiyAra haiM, aura Avazyaka hone para vaisA karate bhI haiN| koI koI samAjakI maryAdA banAye rakhaneke lie pahale unase prAyazcitta karA DAlate haiM aura phira unako samAjameM milA lete haiN| kintu abhI aise logoMkI saMkhyA adhika ha jo isa kAmako hindUdharmaviruddha kaha kara vilAyatase lauTe hue logoMko kisI taraha samAjameM leneke lie rAjI nahIM hote| vAstavameM abhakSya-bhakSaNa karanevAlA AdamI hindUdharmake anusAra patita ho jAtA hai| ataeva agara vilAyatase lauTe hue logoMko sarva. vAdisammata-rUpase hindUsamAjameM lenA hai, to yaha Avazyaka hai ki ve loga jaba taka videzameM raheM tabataka koI aisI cIja na khAyeM-piyeM jise khAnA-pInA hindUsamAja yA hindUzAstroM meM niSiddha mAnA gayA hai| agara yaha bAta sahaja aura saMgata ho, to jo saba vilAyatayAtrI hindU hindU rahanA cAhate haiM aura yaha icchA rakhate haiM ki unheM hindU samAja apane meM milA le, unheM isI niyamase videzameM khAna-pAnakA prabandha karake rahanA caahie| aisA honese saba jhagar3A miTa jaaygaa| ataeva pahale yahI bAta vivecanIya hai ki pUrvokta niyamase videzameM rahanA sahaja aura saMgata hai ki nhiiN| jJA0-24

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370 jJAna aura karma / [dvitIya bhAga ___ lagabhaga bIsa pacIsa varSa pahale eka bAra isa mAmalekA Andolana huA thA, aura usameM hindUsamAjake aura vilAyatase lauTI huI maNDalIke kaI gaNya mAnya utsAhI sajjana zAmila the| usa samaya do-eka pratiSThita aMgarejoM aura vilAyatase lauTe baMgAliyoMse pUchane para mAlama huA thA ki vilAyatameM, itane kharcameM, jitanA ki caMdA karake jamA kiyA jA sakatA hai, eka choTA-moTA hindUAzrama sthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai, aura vahA~ jAnevAle loga usameM hinduoMkI rahana-sahana aura AcaraNake sAtha, aura jI cAhe to ekadama nirAmiSabhojI hokara, anAyAsa raha sakate haiN| hindU. jAtike vidvAn paNDitoMse pUchane para mAlUma huA thA ki hindUke lie ucita AcaraNa karake koI vilAyatameM rahe to lauTane para use hindUsamAjameM milA lenemeM koI vizeSa bAdhA nahIM hai| kintu isa prastAvake udyogI logoMmeM matabheda ho jAneke kAraNa isa sambandhameM kucha kAma na ho skaa| lekina isa samaya bhI bIcabIcameM yaha prasaMga uThatA hai, aura kisI samaya vilAyatameM hindUAzrama sthApita honekI AzAko durAzA mAnakara ekadama chor3a deneko jI nahIM caahtaa| jo loga bairisTara honeke lie vilAyatayAtrA karate haiM, unake pakSameM yaha Apatti ho sakatI hai ki vahA~ unakI zikSAke lie sthApita jo 'in ' nAmaka vidyAmandira hai, usameM, vahA~ke niyamAnusAra, saba chAtroMko ekatra hokara niyamitasaMkhyaka bhojoM (dAvatoM) meM zAmila honA par3atA hai; ataeva ve hindU-AzramameM nahIM raha skeNge| kintu yaha Apatti akhaNDanIya nahIM jAna pdd'tii| hindUsamAjakI orase upayukta rUpase Avedana hone para 'in ' ke saJcAlaka loga hindU chAtroMke sambandhameM apane pracalita niyamako kucha badalaneke lie rAjI na hoMge, aisI AzaMkA karanekA koI kAraNa nahIM dekha pdd'taa| bahuta loga isa bAtako asaMgata samajhate haiM ki vilAyatameM jAkara bhI hindU vidyArthI a~garejoMke sAtha saMpUrNarUpase na hila milakara unase alaga hindU-AzramameM rheN| ve kahate haiM, yaha hindUpanakI anucita jida hai| kintu hindUpanake pakSase bhI yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki hindUkA iMglaiMDameM jAkara bhI, niSiddha mAMsako khAnA usake svAsthyake lie ahitakara hI hai, hitakara nhiiN| aura, jahA~-tahA~ tisa-jisake hAthase anna-bhojana karanA bhI vaisA hI hai-usase

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chaThA adhyAya ] dharmanItisiddha karma / bhI svAsthya-hAni hotI hai| phira yaha yukti bhI utanI prabala nahIM jAna par3atI ki eka-sAtha baiThakara bhojana kiye binA helamela nahIM bddh'taa| sadAlApake dvArA manakA milanA hI utkRSTa milana hai| dAvatameM eka sAtha baiThakara bhojana karanese honevAlA milana usa milanekI apekSA bahuta nikRSTa zreNIkA hai| isake sivA iMglaiMDameM hindU-AzramakI sthApanA aura vahA~ hinduoMke AcAra-vicAra banAye rakhakara hindUkA rahanA, ye donoM bAteM aisI haiM ki inase hindU jAtikA gaurava hI hogA, lAghava nhiiN| vilAyata-yAtrIke lie hindUke AcArale calanA kucha kaSTasAdhya bhale hI ho, asAdhya nahIM hai| dharma-saMskArakoMko yaha yAda rakhanA Avazyaka hai ki dharmakA parivartana aura dharmakA saMzodhana ye donoM judI judI bAteM haiN| agara hindudharmake badale aura dharma sthApita karanA kartavya ho, to vaha judI bAta hai / kintu hindUdharmako banAye rakhakara kevala usakA saMzodhana karanA abhISTa ho, to usake kisI utkRSTa aMza ( jaise sAtvika aura saMyata AhArake niyama ) meM kisI tarahakA parivartana karanekI jarUrata nahIM hai /

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sAtavA~ adhyaay| karmakA uddeza / karmake sambandhameM bahutasI bAteM kahI gaI haiM; aba karmake uddezya ke sambandhameM do cAra bAteM kahakara yaha pustaka samApta kI jaaygii| hameM apane abhAvoM aura apanI apUrNatAoMke kAraNa aneka duHkha bhogane par3ate haiN| una abhAvoM aura apUrNatAoMkI pUrti ke dvArA duHkhako dUra karane aura sukhako pAneke lie hama nirantara karmameM lage rahate haiM / kintu yadi yahI bAta hai, to hama sukhakara karmako na karake, kartavyakarma kyA hai-yaha jAnanekI aura usI karmako karanekI ceSTA kyoM karate haiM ? kyA sukhalAbha hI karmakA carama uddezya nahIM hai ? isake uttarameM saMkSepameM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki karmakA carama uddezya sukhalAbha avazya hai, kintu vaha sukha kSaNasthAyI yA sAdhAraNa sukha nahIM hai, vaha cirasthAyI parama sukha hai, aura kartavyakarma karanese hI vaha sukha milatA hai / jo apUrNatA hamAre duHkhoMkA kAraNa hai vaha apUrNatA hI yaha nahIM dekhane detI ki dUrastha kintu cirasthAyI parama sukha kyA hai, aura vahI hameM nikaTastha kSaNasthAyI sAdhAraNa sukhakI prAptike lie saceSTa rakhatI hai| pUrNajJAnakI prApti ho jAne para hama cirasthAyI parama sukhako hI sukha samajheMge, kevala kartavyakarma hI kareMge, jo zreya hai kevala vahI hameM preya jAna par3egA / kintu vaha jJAna paidA honepara aura pUrNatA mila jAnepara phira duHkha nahIM raha jAyagA, aura karma karanekI adhika ceSTA bhI nahIM rhegii| jaba jJAnakI itanI kSamatA hai, taba arjunakA yaha prazna sabhIke manameM uThegA ki jyAyasI cetkarmaNaste matA buddhirjanArdana / tatki karmaNi ghore mAM niyojayasi kezava // -gItA 31

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sAtavA~ adhyAya ] karmakA uddesh| ___ arthAt, he janArdana, he kezava, agara ApakI rAyameM kamase jJAna hI zreSTha hai, to phira Apa mujhe isa ghora karma (yuddha) meM kyoM niyukta karate haiM ? kintu isakA uttara bhI gItAmeM vahIM para bhagavAna ke isa vAkyameM mila jAtA hai ki na karmaNAmanArambhAnnaiSkarmya puruSo'znute / na ca saMnyasanAdeva siddhiM samadhigacchati // -gItA 34 arthAt, he arjuna, karma na karanese manuSyako naiSkarmyakI sthiti (mukti) nahIM milatI ( kauko na karanA kamatyAga nahIM hai), aura na kevala saMnyAsa le lenese hI siddhi mila jAtI hai| matalaba yaha ki naiSkarmya-lAbhake lie karma karanekA prayojana hai| karmase niSkRti ( chuTakArA) milanA hI karmakA carama uddezya hai, yaha bAta pahale sunane meM yadyapi asaMgatasI jAna par3atI hai, lekina kucha socane aura dhyAna dekara dekhanese mAlUma ho jAyagA ki yahI yathArtha tattvakI bAta hai| yaha saca hai ki karma karate karate karma karanekI icchA aura zakti bar3hatI hai, kintu vaha cikIrSA ( karanakI icchA ) aura karmazalatA karmAnuSThAnakA nikaTa-lakSya aura prathama uddezya hai, usakA dUra-lakSya yA carama uddezya nahIM hai| hamAre anivArya abhAvapUraNa aura jJAnapipAsAkI tRptike lie kucha kAma atyanta prayojanIya haiN| unake sampanna honese kucha abhAvoMkI pUrti aura jJAnalAbha honeke kAraNa dhIre dhIre kAma karanekI vyagratA ghaTa jAtI hai, aura jIva nivRttimArgakA pathika hotA hai / karma karanemeM honevAle abhyAsake dvArA jo jitanI jaldI apane Avazyaka kamAko samApta kara sakatA hai vaha utanI jaldI naiSkarmya yA muktiko pAnekI cintA karaneke lie samaya pAtA hai| kintu nuna- ke kartavya kauMko na karake, mAnava-hRdayakI kAmanAko tRpta kiye binA, sAdhAraNa manuSya (buddhacaitanya Adi mahApuruSoMkI bAta dUsarI hai) nivRttimArgameM kabhI nahIM cala sakatA / maiMne mAnava-jIvanakA koI bhI kAma nahIM kiyA, isa marmabhedI cintA aura atRpta vAsanAse paripUrNa hRdaya kisAna cinnanameM sampUrNarUpase bAdhA DAlanevAlA hotA hai| isI kAraNase hindUzAstra meM gRhasthAzrama-grahaNa aura dharmakarmAnuSThAnakI vidhi hai|

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reDara jJAna aura karma / [ dvitIya bhAga jIvana ke prArambha meM jaise kaukI ora pravRtti anivArya hai, vaise hI jIvanake aMtima bhAgameM karmoMkI orase nivRtti bhI avazyaMbhAvI hai| lekina yathAsambhava kartavya karmoko sampanna aura hRdayakI vAsanAoMko paritRpta karake, mukticintAke lie samaya rahate-rahate, jo nivRttimArgagAmI ho sakatA hai, vahI yathArtha sukhI hai, aura usIke karma karmake yathArtha uddezya (kamose nivRtti milane ) ko pUrA karate haiN| - sakAma aura niSkAma karmI / karmake uddezyakI AlocanAmeM dekhA gayA ki vaha uddezya pahale to karmaphalakI kAmanA hai aura antako pariNAmameM usa kAmanAkI nivRtti / ataeva usake anusAra karmIkI sakAma aura niSkAma ye do zreNiyA~ ho sakatI haiN| sakAma karmIke karmakA uddezya karmaphalakA lAbha hai, aura usakI karmase nivRtti yadyapi pariNAmameM avazya hI hogI-tathApi sAkSAt sambandhameM, usake karma karanese nahIM hotI, usakI karma karanekI zakti ghaTaneke sAtha sAtha dikhAI par3atI hai| kevala niSkAma karmIke karma karanekA uddezya karmase nivRtti hai| isase bahuta loga yaha soca sakate haiM ki taba to sakAma karmI hI zreSTha hai, kyoMki usameM ' karmase nivRtti' nahIM hai, arthAt ve karma barAbara karate rahate haiM, aura unhIMke dvArA pRthvIkA adhika upakAra ho sakatA hai| magara kucha dhyAna dekara dekhanese samajhameM A jAyagA ki yaha khayAla ThIka nahIM hai| niSkAmakarmakI shresstthtaa| saca hai ki sakAma karmIke kAmoMse pRthvIkA hita ho sakatA hai, kintu mUlameM unakA preraka svArtha hai, aura karmIke svArthake lie una karmose jahA~taka auroMkA hita honA Avazyaka hai, kevala vahIM taka unase pRthvIkA hita hogaa| sakAma karma karanevAlA agara dekhe ki cupacApa alaga ekAntameM pRthvIkA koI vizeSa hita karanese usameM yaza pAnekI saMbhAvanA thor3I hai; kintu prakAzyarUpase apekSAkRta alpa-hitakara kArya karanese usameM bahuta kucha yaza prApta hogA, to vaha prathamokta kAmako chor3akara pichalA kAma hI kregaa| anuSThita kAryako pUrA karane meM niSkAma kamakiI apekSA sakAmakarmI adhikatara dRDhavrata ho sakatA hai, kintu kAryasAdhanakA upAya nikAlane meM niSkAmakarmI jahA~taka hitAhitakI vivecanA karegA, sakAma karmIkA vahA~taka vivecanA karanA asaMbhava

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sAtavA~ adhyAya ] karmakA uddeza / mmswwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwmi h| kAryasAdhanake dvArA jo phala hogA use pAneke lie vaha svabhAvase hI itanA vyagra rahatA hai ki kAryasAdhanake upAyoMke ko-rasa usakI vizeSa dRSTi nahIM rhtii| niSkAma karmI kevala kartavyake jJAnase kamameM pravRtta hotA hai, ataeva usakI asat upAyoMko kAmameM lAnekI pravRtti kabhI nahIM ho sktii| aneka jagaha aisA honekI saMbhAvanA hai ki sakAma karmAke manameM asat upAyoMke dvArA satkarmako siddha karanekI pravRtti ho, kintu niSkAmakarmIke pakSameM aisI ghaTanA kabhI nahIM ho sktii| isake sivA sakAma kamIka kauke sAtha sAtha akarmakA honA bhI saMbhava hai| kintu niSkAma karmI samaya samaya para niSkarmA ho sakatA hai, para akarma nahIM kara sktaa| ataeva sakAma karmIke karma dekhanemeM dRr3hatAyukta aura udyogapUrNa hone para bhI, yaha bAta nahIM svIkAra kI jA sakatI ki ve pariNAmameM pRthvIke lie niSkAma karmAke anuddhata aura ADambarazUnya kamA~se adhika hitakara haiM / sakAma karmIka ADambarapUrNa kAmoMkI upamA A~dhI aura meghagarjanase yukta vAke sAtha dI jA sakatI hai, aura niSkAma karmAke dhUmadhAmale khAlI kAma mRdu maMda pavana aura dhIre dhIre giranevAle dhArApAtake sAtha tulanIya haiN| ekake dvArA pRthvIkA hita aura ahita donoM bAteM hotI haiM, para dusareke dvArA hitake sivA ahita honekI saMbhAvanA nhiiN| isake sivA niSkAma karmIkA dRSTAnta saMsAra meM kevala zubhakara hI nahIM hai, ati Avazyaka bhI hai| manuSya svabhAvase hI itanA svArthapara hai ki usake sAmane bIca bIcameM niSkAma karmIke niHsvArtha kAma karanekA ujjvala pathapradarzaka dRSTAnta na rahe, to sakAma karmiyoMke svArtha-saMgharSaNase saMsAra vipama saMkaTasthala ho utthe| sakAma karma aura niSkAma karma ke bIca eka bahuta bar3A antara aura bhI hai| sakAma karmI jo hai, vaha phalakI kAmanAse karmameM pravRtta hokara, una zaniyoMko, jo usa phalakI prAptimeM bAdhA DAlanevAlI haiM, zatru samajhatA hai aura svArthake dvArA acchI taraha uttejita tIvratAke sAtha unakA virodha karane laga jAtA hai| yaha saca hai ki jar3ajagatkI spaSTa pratIyamAna apratihata zaktike sAtha vaisA AcaraNa nahIM cala sakatA, aura kauzalake dvArA vaisI zaktiyoMkI gati

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jJAna aura krm| [dvitIya bhAga wwwwwwwwww karAkara unheM apanA kArya siddha karaneke upayogI banA lenA hotA hai| kintu karmaphalalAbhakI pracaNDa uttejanAmeM caitanya jagatkI sArI chupIhuI zaktiyoMkI upekSA karake sakAma karmI unake sAtha saMmukha-saMgrAmameM pravRtta hotA hai, aura aneka jagaha isase vAMchita phala na milakara kuphala hI phalatA hai| isa taraha sakAma karmI loga saMkalpita kAryake sAdhanameM vyagra hokara, anyake sukhaHdukha yA hitAhita para dRSTipAta na karake, usake dvArA ho sakanevAlI dUsarese zatrutAkA khayAla na karate hue, kAryameM agrasara hote haiM, aura apanA iSTa siddha ho yA na ho, anya logoMkA bahuta kucha aniSTa kara DAlate haiN| sakAma karma isa taraha aneka jagaha karmIko mohase aMdhA banA detA hai, aura use jagatkI chupIhuI zaktike sAtha vRthA-saMgrAmameM lagA detA hai / niSkAma karmI bhI kartavyasAdhanameM saceSTa avazya hote haiM, kintu ve jar3ajagat yA caitanyajagatkI kisI zaktikI upekSA nahIM karate; balki jagatkI sabhI zaktiyoMkI sahAyatA lekara kartavya-sAdhanameM agrasara hote haiM / ataeva yaha bAta kahI jA sakatI hai ki sakAma karmakA uddezya aneka jagaha jagatkI apratyakSa zaktise saMgrAma karake usake dvArA kArya-sAdhana karanA hai, aura niSkAma karmakA uddezya usI zaktikI sahAyatAse kartavya-pAlana karanA hai| karmase chuTakArA pAnekA artha / Upara kahA gayA hai ki karmakA carama uddezya karmase chuTakArA pAnA hai| kintu isameM Apatti ho sakatI hai ki vaisA honA kaise saMbhava hai ? gatimAtra jitanI haiM, ve karma haiM / jagat dama bharake lie bhI sthira nahIM hai| vaha nirantara gatizIla, arthAt karmazIla hai| ataeva brahmakI pUrNa nikhilatA aparivartanazIla aura niSkriya hone para bhI, usakA vyakta aMza-yaha dikhAI detA huA jagat-karmazIla hai| ataeva karmakI nivRtti kaise hogI ? isake uttarameM itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki brahmase bichar3A huA jIva " maiMne yaha kArya kiyA, maiM yaha kArya karatA hU~" isa ahaM-jJAnase, brahmake sAtha milanake dvArA, chuTakArA (mukti) prApta karegA / aura, usake bAda brahmakI vyaktazakti karmameM lagI rahane para bhI, brahmalIna jIva phira apaneko karmameM niyukta nahIM jaanegaa|

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karmakA uddeza / sAtavA~ adhyAya ] karmakA uddesh| - karmakI gati supathamukhI aura dhruva hai| karmake carama uddezya muktilAbhakI sAdhanAke lie pahalehIse saMyata aura sAdhu bhAvase karma karanA Avazyaka hai| jagatkI ananta zaktiyoMke sAtha apanI kSudra zaktikA virodha khar3A karake, unake Upara apanI pradhAnatA sthApita karanekI vRthA ceSTA na karake, unase sakhya-saMsthApanapUrvaka unhIMkI sahAyatAse kartavya-pAlanakI ceSTA karanA hI karmIke lie ekamAtra acchA upAya hai| kintu bahuta hI kama loga usa acche upAyako kAmameM lAte dekhe jAte haiN| to phira kyA yaha sRSTi viDambanAmUlaka hai, aura manuSyakA karma karanA paramArthalAbhakA virodhI hai ? yaha bAta bhI nahIM kahI jA sktii| kyoMki aisA kahanA mAnoM vizvaniyantAke niyama para azraddhA dikhAnA hai / asala bAta yaha hai ki saMsArase karma aura karmIkI gati kramazaH bahuta dhIre dhIre supathakI ora hI hai| kintu dhIre dhIre hone para bhI vaha dhruva arthAt nizcitarUpase supathamukhI hai| smaapt|

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hindI-grantha-ratnAkara kAryAlayake grantha / hamArI hindI-grantha-ratnAkara sIrIja hindI meM sabase pahalI, sabase acchI, aura netraraMjinI granthamAlA hai| isameM aba taka 45 grantha nikala cuke haiM, jo hindIke nAmI nAmI lekhakoMke likhe hae haiM, jinakI prAyaH sabhI vidvAnoMne prazaMsA kI hai aura jo do do tIna tIna bAra chapAkara bika cuke haiM / nATaka, upanyAsa, galpa, nIti, sadAcAra, rAjanIti, svAsthya, itihAsa, jIvanacarita aura vijJAna Adi sabhI viSayoM ke grantha haiN| Age aura bhI bar3hiyA bar3hiyA grantha nikAlanekA prabandha ho rahA hai| isa mAlAkA eka seTa Apake gharU pustakAlayameM avazya honA cAhie / isase usakI zobhA bar3ha jaaygii| ___ isa granthamAlAke sivAya hamAre yahA~se aura bhI aneka grantha prakAzita hue haiN| unake sivAya anya sthAnoMkI pustakeM bhI hama apane grAhakoMke subhIteke lie rakhate haiM / isake lie hamArA bar3A sUcIpatra ma~gA liijie| nIce likhI sUcImeM jina granthoMpara + cihna hai, ve sIrIjakIke sivAya hamArI prakAzita kI huI anya uttama pustakeM haiM:binA cihnakI sIrIjakI pustakeM haiN| naattk| prahasana / durgAdAsa sUmake ghara dhUma prAyazcitta upnyaas| mevADa-patana pratibhA zAhajahA~ A~khakI kirakirI usa pAra zAnti-kuTIra tArAbAI annapUrNAkA mandira nUrajahA~ chatrasAla bhISma hRdayakI parakha (jildadAra) candragupta glpgucch| sItA phUloMkA gucchA + bhArata-ramaNI navanidhi (jildadAra) + siMhala-vijaya + kanaka-rekhA +pASANI puSpa-latA =iaidia GET DEDE -

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+ + : GETUE + ** // glpe| ... - + yuvAoMko upadeza. "diyAtale a~dherA 4) + pitAke upadeza sadAcArI bAlaka + zAnti-vaibhava zramaNa nArada . + baccoM ke sudhAraneke upAya sukhadAsa -) + vidyArthi-jIvanakA uddezya kAvya / "striyopyogii| bUDhekA byAha -) + byAhI bahU * aMjanA-pavanaMjaya ...) + vidhavA-kartavya devadUta .. 1 ). rAjanIti-vijJAna / jiivn-crit| svAdhInatA . AtmoddhAra sAmyavAda karnala sureza vizvAsa // ) deza-darzana kolambasa svadeza kAvUra , ... - 1).. rAjA aura prajA (jilda0) 1) mahAdajI sindhiyA ... ) cikitsA-vijJAna / .. itihaas| upavAsa-cikitsA AyalaiNDakA itihAsa , 10) + prAkRtika cikitsA jainasAhityakA itihAsa . )+ yoga-cikitsA bhAratake prAcIna rAjavaMza 3) + sugama cikitsA nIti aura sdaacaar| + dugdha-cikitsA - mitavyayatA // 0) prkiirnnk| caritragaThana aura manobala / ) caubekA ciTThA saphalatA aura usakI gobara-gaNeza-saMhitA sAdhanAke upAya // ) baMkima-nibandhAvalI svAvalambana 1 // ) + landanake patra astodaya aura svAvalambana 10) chAyA-darzana AnandakI pagaDaMDiyA~ 1) zikSA * jIvananirvAha + vyApAra-zikSA * acchI AdateM DAlanekI zikSA) sarala manovijJAna 1 // ) yaha mUlya sAdI jildakA hai| kapar3ekI jildadAra pustakoM kA mUlya / ). / ) adhika hai| hamArA pUrA patA-- hindI-grantha-ratnAkara kAryAlaya, hIrAbAga, po0 giragAMva, bambaI / LUS * _ Mi 152