Deshi Nammala ka Bhasha Vaignanik Adhyayan

Author(s): Shivmurti Sharma
Publisher: Devnagar Prakashan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010722/1

Page #1
17 - - kAlArya vibhAjana dhita teervaakttinnnr bhASAdihAnika adhyayana P ( DaoN. zivamUrti zarmA prAdhyApaka hindI vibhAga yUiGga krizciyana kaoNleja, ilAhAbAda devanAgara prakAzana, jayapura

Page #2
: AcArya hemacandra racita dezInAmamAlA kA gApA vaijJAnika adhyayana : saoN0 zivamUrti pArmA kRtikAra saskaraNa mulya prakApAka devanAgara prakAzana, ghoDA rAstA, jayapura elorA prinTarsa , jayapura mudraka - A LINGUISTIC STUDY OF DESHINAMAMALA ACHARYA HEMCHANDRA'S by Dr SHIVMURTI SHARMA

Page #3
prAkkathana eka grAmINa aMcala kA nivAsI hone ke kAraNa, prArabha se hI mujhe grAmINa bhASA aura usame vyavahRta hone vAlI zabdAvalI se lagAva rahA hai| sa skRta ke adhyayana ne isa ruci me aura bhI pariSkAra kiyaa| saMskRta kI snAtakottara kakSA me vaidika sAhitya ke viziSTa adhyayana se yaha ruci aura bhI pariSkRta huii| vedo me vyavahata bhASA kitane jana-bhApA ke tatvo se maNDita hai| ina tatvo kI khoja karane kI preraNA aura bhI balavatI ho utthii| isI bIca madhyakAlIna bhAratIya Arya bhASAmo ke adhyayana ke bIca 'dezI' zabdo para dhyAna gayA / svAbhAvika ruci hone ke kAraNa maiMne isa viSaya ko zodha-kArya ke rUpa me grahaNa karanA cAhA / paramapUjya guru DA0 lakSmIsAgara vASrNeya ( adhyakSa-hindI-vibhAga ) eva DA0 mAtA badala ( jAyasavAla ) kI kRpAmayI anukampA se mujhe isa viSaya para kArya karane kA protsAhana bhI mila gyaa| prArambha me samaveta rUpa se 'dezI' zabdo ke pAloDana kI bhAvanA se adhyayana prArambha kiyA / adhyayana kI isI paramparA me prAcArya hemacandra kI 'dezInAmamAlA' para dRSTi gayI / isa grantha kI kliSTatA aura paramparA ke kAraNa vidvAno dvArA kI gayI upekSA ne pahale to hatotsAhita kiyA, para guruyo ___ kI preraNA ne kArya ko isI grantha taka sImita kara Age baDhAne kA sAhasa diyaa| prAcArya hemacandra kI dezInAmamAlA bhAratIya koza sAhitya me to adbhuta hai hI, samasta vizva ke kozo me bhI vilakSaNa hai / AcArya hemacandra ne isakI racanA apane vyAkaraNa grantha 'siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana' ke pUraka grantha ke rUpa me kI thii| ve apane zabdAnuzAsana ko pUrNatA taka pahucAnA cAhate the, ata unhone tatsama aura tadbhava zabdo kA AkhyAna kara lene ke bAda yuga-yugo se janabhASAno me vyavahata hote Aye, eva samaya-samaya para sAhitya me sthAna pAne vAle asadarya 'dezI zabdo' kA pratyAkhyAna 'dezInAmamAlA' me kiyaa| samaveta rUpa se dezInAmamAlA ke __ mahatva-nidarzana kA yaha prathama prayAsa hai| isa para kArya karane ke bIca jitanI kaThinAiyA sAmane AyI haiM, sabhI kA ullekha kara pAnA kaThina hai , prAkata tathA aprabhra za ke marmajJavidvAn DA0 mAtAbadala jAyasavAla tathA pro. mahAvIraprasAda lakheDA __ jI ne paga-paga para pAne vAlI kaThinAiyo kA nivAraNa atyanta udAratApUrvaka kiyA hai|

Page #4
1 ] isa zodha-prabandha me nihita adhyayana ko do khaNDo me vATa diyA gayA hai prathama khaNDa me cAra adhyAya haiM / prathama adhyAya-prAcArya hemacandra ke vyaktitva aura unake kRtitva kA nidarzana hai / dvitIya adhyAya-dezInAmamAlA ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlatA hai / tatIya adhyAya-dezInAmamAlA me AyI huI udAharagA kI gAthAgro ke sAhityika saundarya para prakAza DAlatA hai / caturtha adhyAya-dezInAmmAlA ke sAskRtika mahatva kA nidarzana hai / prastuta zodha-pravandha kA dvitIya khaNDa dezInAmamAlA ke bhApavijJAnika mahatva para prakAza DAlane vAlA hai| isa khaNDa me kula tIna adhyAya haiM / pacama adhyAya deNI' zabdo ke svarUpa vivecana tathA unake udbhatra eva vikAsa kI saiddhAntika carcApro se savadhita haiM / papTha adhyAya me dezInAmamAlA ke 168 dezI zabdo ko hindI tathA usakI pramukha voliyo me svalA parivartana ke sAtha jyo kA tyo vyavahRta hote dikhAyA gayA hai / sAtavA adhyAya 'dezI zabdo ke bhApAzAstrIya adhyayana se sabaddha hai / isa adhyAya kA pUrA adhyayana dhvanigrAmika, padAtmaka eva artha gata tIna khaNDo meM vibhAjita hai / isa prakAra praratuta zodha-pravandha kA sArA adhyayana kula do khaNDo aura sAta adhyAyo me vibhAjita hai, jiname dezInAmamAlA ke vividha pakSo kA suSThuprakAzana eva umake mahatva-nidarzana kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / prastuta zodhakArya ko sampanna karane kI balavatI preraNA mujhe apane pUjya guru DA0 mAtAbadala jAyasagala jI se minI / samaya samaya para zraddheya guru DA. lakSmIsAgara vASrNeya kI kRpA-preraNA ne bhI mujhe pAge banane me protsAhita kiyA hai / saca pUchA jAye to DA0 vArSNeyajI kI snehamayI preraNA ne hI mujhe yaha gurutara kArya-mAra uThAne kI zakti dI thii| saskRta vibhAga ke pro0 mahAvIraprasAda lakheDA jI ne nitya mujhe vipaya se sambandhita navIna sUcanAe dekara anugrahIta kiyA hai| ata ina sabhI kA maiM hRdaya se prAbhArI ha / anya vibhAgIya gumyo se bhI mujhe samaya-samaya para preraNA eva sahAyatA milatI rahI hai, prata ina sabhI kA maiM hRdaya se prabhArI hU / parama AdaraNIya zrI rAjakizora siMha (variSTha pravaktA hindIvibhAga yUi ga krizciyana kAleja-ilAhAvAda) ne bhI isa zodhakArya me paryApta sahAyatA kI hai, ata meM unakA bhI hRdaya se AbhArI hU / mere paramahitapI mitra zrI sUryanArAyaNa mizra DA0 harizaMkara tivArI tathA DA0 padmAkara mizra ne bhI paryApta sahayoga diyA hai ata maiM inake prati bhI apanA prAbhAra vyakta karatA hai| isa zodhaprabaMdha ke TaGkaNa kA kArya mere priya mitra zrI mevAlAla dekhekadhI ne ruci' lagana eva yogyatA ke sAtha kiyA hai, ataH maiM inakA bhI AbhArI hU sahAyaka grantho kI sUcI anta me pariziSTa ke rUpa me de dI gayI hai / -DaoN0 zivamUrti zarmA

Page #5
anukramaNikA - zrAmukha 1-8 9-42 16 24 27 20 pradhyAya 1 nAcArya hemacandra kA vyaktitva aura kRtittva hemacandra kA jIvana caritra vidyAdhyayana aura vyaktitva nirmANa hemacandra aura siddharAja jayasiMha hemacandra aura kumArapAla kumArapAla hemacandra aura kumArapAla kI prathama bheTa hemacandra kA kumArapAla para prabhAva prAcArya hemacandra aura usa yuga ke khyAti prApta vyaktittva prAcArya hemacandra kI racanAe~ siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana, usakA svarUpa prAcArya hemacandra ke koSa grantha-abhidhAnacintA ___ maNi, dezInAmAlA, nighaNTu dvayAzrayakAvya kAvyAnuzAsana chando'nuzAsana pramAraNamImAMsA triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita yogazAstra eva stotra prAcArya hemacandra kI racanAo kA tithi-krama 32 34 37 38 40 40

Page #6
1v ] adhyAya 2 dezonAmamAlA 43-74 43 44 47 4G 54 dezInAmamAlA-svarUpa-vivecana nAmakaraNa kI samasyA dezInAmamAlA kA racanAkAla dezInAmamAlA kI mUlapratiyA~ dezInAmamAlA kA svarUpa aura usakI viSayavastu dezInAmamAlA kI gAthAe~ vRtti yA TIkAbhAga dezInAmamAlA me AyI huI udAharaNa kI gAthAe~ gAthAmro kA vargIkaraNa dezInAmamAlA kA mahattva bhASAvaijJAnika mahattva, sAhityika mahattva 57 59 66 70 72 73 adhyAya 3 rayaNAvalI (dezInAmamAlA) kA sAhityika adhyayana 75-102 76 76 77 80 82 84 rayaNAvalI kI gAthAno kI viSayavastu baukika prema aura zRgAra se sambandhita padya sayoga-varNana vividha nAyikAeM aura unake abhisAra-citra rayaNAvalI kA mAdaka saundarya citra rayaNAvalI kA viyoga-citraNa mAna pravAsa aura virahatApa kumArapAla kI prazasti se sambandhita padya rayaNAvalI ke vividha vipayAtmaka padya rayaNAvalI kA kalA-pakSa chanda bhApA alaGkAra niSkarSa 85 85 90 94 99 99 100

Page #7
adhyAya 4 rayaNAvalo (dezInAmamAlA) kA sAMskRtika adhyayana 103-128 104 105 106 117 117 dezInAmamAlA kA sAmAjika vAtAvaraNa sAmAjika eva pArivArika sambandha rahana-sahana, rIti-rivAja tathA veza-bhUSA va khAna-pAna yU takrIDA gharelavastue~ sAmAjika utsava evaM khela-kUda dhArmika AcAra-vicAra aura devI-devatA sAhitya aura kalA grAmINa kRSaka-jIvana se sambandhita zabdAvalI rAjanIti aura zAsana-vyavasthA niSkarSa 119 121 124 126 127 128 adhyAya 5 dezI zabdoM kA vivecana 129-168 131 134 140 145 dezI zabdo kA svarUpa-vibhinna mata prAkRta tathA dezI apabhraza aura dezI niSkarSa dezI zabdo ke prati hemacandra ke pUrva ke prAcAryo kA haSTikoNa prAcArya hemacandra kA mata prAdhunika bhASA vaijJAniko kA mata dezI zabdo kA udbhava aura vikAsa bhASA vaijJAnika kAraNa ___ dezI zabdo kA vibhinna prAntIya boliyo - se udbhava dezI zabdo kA Aryetara bhASAmo se udbhava dezI zabdo ke udabhava aura vikAsa kA sAskRtika AdhAra 146 149 151 158 158 158 162 166

Page #8
vi ] adhyAya 6 mAnaka hindI tathA usakI pramukha boliyo me vikasita dezya zabda 169-203 niSkarSa 202 adhyAya 7 dezInAmamAlA kA bhASAzAstrIya adhyayana ' dhvanigrAmika vivecana 204-303 205 206 206-211 211 213 khaNDIyadhvani grAma svara dhvanigrAma-prApya svara dhvanigrAmo kI prakRti zra, pA, i, I, u, U, e, ai, o, au, R, la kA prayoga, ai aura zrI kI sthitisvara dhvani nAmo kA vitaraNa khaNDetara svara dhvanigrAma anumvAra tathA anunAsika visarga kA prayoga sandhi aura svara-sayoga ya zruti paura va zruti svarAghAta dezInAmamAlA ke vyajana dhvanigrAma kaNThya -ka, kha, ga, gha, tAlavya - ca, cha, ja, jha, mUrdhanya-Ta, Tha, Da, Dha, Na, ha dhvanigrAma kI sthiti dantya yA vaya'-ta, tha, da, dha, na zroSTya-pa, pha, ba, ma, ma, mha kI sthiti anta stha vyajana-ya, ra, la, va, lha kI sthiti sa aura ha 213 214 215 216 223 225 226 229 233 240 245 250 255 niSkarSa 257 257 vyajana parivartana 1. lopa-(ka) Adivyajana-lopa (kha) madhyavyajanalopa 258

Page #9
( VII 258 258 258 2 pAgama-(ka) prAdivyajanAgama, (kha) madhyavyajanAgama, (ga) antyavya janAgama 3 varNaviparyaya 4 samIkaraNa 5 dhoSIkaraNa 6 mahAprANIkaraNa vyajana-sayoga-(ka) prabala mayuktavyajana (kha) kSINa sayuktavyajana (ga) mizrasayuktavya jana sayuktAkSara 259 259 259 260 260 260 padagrAmika adhyayana 261 padagrAma 261 261 262 266 zabdo kA svarUpa pratyaya prakriyA 1. vibhakti pratyaya-(ka) pro, pA, I, zUnya vibhakti-I, a (kha) nivibhaktika zUnya prayoga 2 vyutpAdakapUrva pratyaya (ka) vyutpAdaka pUrva pratyaya yA upasarga (kha) vyutpAdaka parapratyaya tAddhatAnta zabda-kartRvAcaka pratyaya, savadhArthaka pratyaya, strI pratyaya va kRdantIprayoga 267 270 274 275 291 arthagata adhyayana (artha-vijJAna) (dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI kA vargIkaraNa) anAdi pravRttaprAkRta bhASA ke zabda saskRtAmidhAna me aprasiddha bhAropIya bhASA se sambaddha zabda drAviDa parivAra kI ApApro ke zabda videzIzabda dhvanyanukaraNAtmaka zabda lokodbhUta dhvanyanukaraNAtmaka zabda / 292 292 296 299 299

Page #10
viin 1 300 300 300 ceSTAnukaraNa se sambaddha dhvanyanukaraNAtmaka zabda dhvanividhAyaka nAma zaizavakrIDA me gRhIta sambandhavAcI zabda dezInAmamAlA ke arthapratipattinimittaka tatsama eva tadbhava zabda (ka) tatsamazabda-(kha) dhAtupro ke arthA tizayayogase yukta dezI zabda yA tathAkathita tadbhava zabda niSkarSa 300 300 300 302 304-311 sahAyaka grantha sUcI kozagrantha 309 jarnalsa 310

Page #11
Amakha - prAcArya hemacandra kA 'dezInAmamAlA' nAmaka kozagrantha bhAratIya kozagrantha paramparA me to adbhuta hai hI, samasta vizva ke koSo me bhI adbhuta eva vilakSaNa hai / madhyakAlIna bhAratIya prAryabhASAmo pAli, prAkRta apabhra za Adi kI prakRti ko bhalIbhAti samajhane me isa koza grantha kA sUkSma adhyayana atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| 'dezInAmamAla' 'dezI' zabdo kA eka koza grantha hai| isame lagabhaga 4,000 dezI zabdo kA saMkalana hai / AcArya hemacandra ne isa koza me dezI zabdo kA artha dene ke sAtha hI unake prayoga nidarzana ke lie atyanta sundara eva uccakoTi ke sAhityika padyo kI racanA bhI kI hai / isI koSa grantha ke sAhityika eva bhASAvaijJAnika mahatva kA pratipAdana prastuta zodha-prabandha kA viSaya rahA hai / bhAratIya sAhitya paramparA me prAcArya hemacandra bahumukhI pratibhA se yukta vidvAna rahe haiM / unhone dharma, darzana, vyAkaraNa aura sAhitya-lagabhaga sabhI vipayo se sambandhita grantho kI racanA kI thii| dezInAmamAlA unake prasiddha vyAkaraNa grantha siddha haimazabdAnuzAsana kA pUraka grantha hai / prAcArya hemacandra hI akele aise vidvAn haiM, jinhone, saskRta prAkRta aura apabhra za- sabhI paramparA pracalita sAhityika-bhASAmo kA vyAkaraNa likhA / eka hI grantha siddha haimazabdAnuzAsana me unhoMne tatsama aura tadbhava dono hI zabdo kA pratyAkhyAna kiyaa| tatpazcAt vyutpatti kI dRSTi se gUDha eva asadarghya dezI zabdo kA parigaNana dezInAmamAlA me kara, apane zabdAnuzAsana ko sabhI dRSTiyo se pUrNa banAyA / prAcArya hemacandra ke lagabhaga sabhI grantho para adhikArI vidvAno ne kArya kiyA hai, para dezInAmamAlA lagabhaga upekSita hI rahA hai| 1874 I ke pahale to sabhavata. loga isa grantha ke bAre me jAnate bhI nahI rahe hoge| bulhara ne paryApta parizrama ke bAda pizela ke sAtha milakara 1880 I me isa grantha ko prakAzita karAyA para ye loga prakAzana kArya taka hI sImita rahe, isa grantha kI mahattA kA

Page #12
2 ] pratipAdana na kara sake / isa kSetra meM rAmAnujasvAmI ne pahalA kadama rakhA, para ve bhI dezInAmamAlA kI glAsarI taiyAra karane aura isake zabdo kI saskRta se kucha bhrAmaka vyutpattiyA dene ke atirikta kucha na kara sake / isake bAda kalakattA vizvavidyAlaya ke pro0 muralIdhara venarjI ne isa dizA me stutya prayAsa kiyA / unhone vistRta bhUmikA aura AlocanAtmaka TippaNiyA tathA agrejI anuvAda ke sAtha ise do bhAgo me vibhakta karake prakAzita kraayaa| parantu isakA prathama bhAga (bhUmikA tathA mUlapATha) hI aAja prApta hai / dvitIya bhAga sambhavata ve pUrA nahIM kara sake / muralIdhara venarjI ke bAda aneko grantho me chiTa puTa ullekho ke rUpa me hI dezInAmamAlA kA nAma prAtA hai / dezI zabdo kA ekamAtra grantha hone ke kAraNa adhikArI vidvAna isakA ullekha to karate rahe hai, para gaharAI me utarakara kisI ne bhI isake mahatva-pratipAdana kA prayAsa nahI kiyaa| isa dizA me isa zova pravandha ko prathama prayAsa kahA jA sakatA hai / dezInAmamAlA para kArya karate-karate, paramparA prasiddha vidvAno kI aneko bhrAntiyA bhI sAmane A gayI haiM, jinhe vinA kisI lAga-lapeTa ke sApha-sApha spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai / pUre zodhakArya ke bIca zodhakartA kA apanA eka nizcita dRSTikoNa rahA hai sarvatra granthakAra ke sAtha calakara hI samasyAoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| dezInAmamAlA ko lekara prAcArya hemacandra kI taraha-taraha kI pAlocanAeM huI haiN| bulhara ne to ise 'dezI' zabdo kA kama tadbhava zabdo kA adhika koSa maanaa| parantu maiMne sarvatra hemacandra ke dRSTikoNa kI rakSA karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| prAcArya hemacandra ne jisa dRSTi se isa grantha kA sakalana kiyA hai, unakI umI dRSTi ko spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| eka bAta yahA aura bhI spaSTa kara dene kI hai- jahA taka dezI zabdo ke svarUpa, unake udbhava aura vikAsa kA prazna hai, paramparA ke vidvAno ne taraha-taraha kA vitaNDA khaDA kiyA hai| koI inhe prAryetara zavda vatAtA hai to koI saskRta kA hI vikAra / parantu ina sabhI vivAdo se pare maiMne dezI zabdo ko yuga yugo se calI AyI sAmAnya jana-bhApA se sambandhita mAnA hai| prAcArya hemacandra kA bhI lagabhaga yahI mata hai / sAmAnya janajIvana meM pracalita bola cAla ke zabda hI, dezInAmamAlA ke sakalana ke pramukha prAdhAra rahe haiM hemacandra ne loka meM vyavahRta aura sAhitya me avyavahata zabdo kI hI gaNanA isa kopagrantha me kI hai| ye to hue kucha pUrvanizcita dRSTikoNa, jo adhyayana kI dizA kA nirdhAraNa karate haiM; zodha pravAdha kI vividha dizAyo kA sakSipta ullekha nIce kiyA jA rahA hai| pUrA zodha-kArya do khaNDo aura sAta adhyAyo me vATa kara sampanna kiyA gayA hai| prathama khaNDa pAlocanAtmaka hai-jisame lagAtAra cAra adhyAya hai| ina adhyAyoM

Page #13
me hemacandra ke vyaktittva aura kRtittva, dezInAmamAlA ke svarUpa eva usake sAhityika tathA sAskRtika mahattva para vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| dvitIya khaNDa dezInAmamAlA ke bhASAvaijJAnika mahattva para prakAza DAlatA hai| isame nihita tIna adhyAyo (5,6,7) me kramaza dezI zabdo kA svarUpa-vivecana unakA udbhava tathA vikAsa, dezI zabdo kA hi do tathA usakI voliyo me vikAsa evaM dezI zabdo kA bhASAzAstrIya vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| eka eka adhyAya me nihita adhyayana kI dizAmro kA ullesa isa prakAra hai| adhyAya 1- isa adhyAya me prAcArya hemacandra ke vyaktittva aura kRtittva para vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| prAcArya hema candra kA vilakSaNa vyaktitva aura unake dvArA kI gayI racanAyo kA vistata kalevara pAzcarya me DAla dene vAlA hai| akele hemacandra itane vizAla kArya ko pUrNa kaise kara sake ? isakA rahasya unake jIvana-caritra se avagata hue vinA nahI jAnA jA sakatA / hemacandra ko do mahAn hindU rAjAo siddharAja jayasiMha aura kamArapAla kA sahayoga prApta huaA thaa| ve ina dono rAjApo ke pUjyaguru the, ana hemacandra ko unase samaya-samaya para bahuta adhika mahAyatA milatI rahI / ina rAjApo ke prAzraya me rahane vAlo vidvanmaNDalI ne bhI hemacandra kI paryApta sahAyatA kI hogii| ye hI kucha sthitiyAM thI jinhone hemacandra ko eka hI jAma me itane vizAla gratho kI racanA me sakSama bnaayaa| isa adhyAya me AcArya hemaca dra kI jIvanagata paristhitiyo ko kendra me rakhakara unake kRtitva para vistAra se vicAra kiyA gayA hai / saMkSepa me pare adhyAya kA adhyayana trama isa prakAra hai-hemacandra kA jIvana carita vidyAdhyayana aura vyaktitva nirmANa, siddharAja jayasiMha se samparka tathA siddha haimazabdAnuzAsana kI racanA kI preraNA prApta karanA, kumArapAla se saparka tathA prAkRta yAzraya kAvya kI racanA, kumArapAla tathA usa yuga ke khyAti prApta vidvAno se hemacandra kA samparka aura anta me prAcArya hemacandra kI sabhI racanAyo kA sakSipta vivaraNa eva tithikrama nirdhAraNa / saMkSepa meM prathama adhyAya ke adhyayana kI yahI sImA hai| isa adhyAya me nihita prayAsa lagabhaga pArasparika hai| hemacandra ke vyaktittva aura kRtittva se sambandhita pava vidvAno ke prayAsa hI yahA nihita adhyayana ke mUla prAdhAra hai| adhyAya 2- yaha adhyAya dezInAmamAlA ke svarUpa vivecana se sambandhita hai / isa adhyAya meM nihita adhyayanakrama isa prakAra hai dezInAmamAlA kA svarUpa tathA isake nAmakaraNa kI samasyA eva umakA nirAkaraNa, dezInAmamAlA kA racavA kAla (vi sa 1214-15 yA 1150I ) isakI mUla pratiyo kA sakSipta ullekha, isakI viSayavastu tathA isake svarUpa para vistAra se vicAra, dezInAmamAlA kI mUlagAthAgo tathA udAharaNa kI gAthAo kA mahattva prakAzana, vRtti yA TIkA bhAga para vistRta vicAra, udAharaNa kI gAthAo kA vargIkaraNa, unakI saMkhyA eva vipayavastu ke vistRta pratyAkhyAna ke sAtha-aura anta me dezInAmamAlA ke sAhityika eva bhASAvaijJAnika mahatva kA nidarzana / sakSepa me yahI dvitIya adhyAya kA pratipAdya hai| isa adhyAya ke kucha tathya pUrva vidvAno dvArA pratipAdita haiM jinhe jyo kA tyo mAna liyA gayA hai| gAthAmro kA vargIkaraNa aura unakI saMkhyA kA nirdhAraNa pro. muralIghara venarjI kA ullekha mAtra hai / adhyAya ke anya prayAsa mere apane hai| svarUpa

Page #14
vivecana ke bIca pizela dvArA sampAdita dezInAmamAlA ke dvitIya saMskaraNa kI prAdhAra banAyA gayA hai| adhyAya 3-tIsarA adhyAya dezInAmamAlA ke sAhityika adhyayana se sambandhita hai / dezI zabdo kA prayoga dikhAne kI dRSTi se prAcArya hemacandra ne pUre koza me 634 gAthAzro kI racanA kI hai| ye gAthAe sAhityika saundarya kI dRSTi se atyanta uccakoTi kI hai / inakI bhAvataralatA, sarasatA eva kAvyAtmaka prabhAvAtmakatA atyanta sarAhanIya hai| ina padyo ko dekhate hue, prAcArya dvArA ima grantha kA, diyA gayA rayaNAvalI nAma bhI sArthaka lagane lagatA hai| udAharaNa kI ina gAthAzro me aihikatAparaka " gAra, rati-bhAvanA, nakha-zikha-citraNa, raNAGgagatavIratA, prakRti ke sundara manamohaka citra tathA vividha lokavyavahAro eva utsavo kA citraNa huyA hai| macandra kI ina gAthAzro kI tulanA sabhI dRSTigro se 'hAla' kI gAhAsattamaI' se kI jA sakatI hai / gAthAzro kI saMkhyA bhI 'rayaNAbalI' kI satasaI grantha paramparA me lA vaiThAtI hai / viSayavastu kI dRSTi se 'rayaNAvalI' (dezInAmamAlA) kI udAharaNa kI gAthAno ko tIna vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai (1) laukika prema aura zRgAra se sambandhita padya / (2) kumArapAla kI prazasti se sambandhita vIra-bhAvanA ke ud-bhAvaka padya / (3) vividha lokAcAro, sAmAjika eva naitika niyamo, devI-devatAmo tathA bhinna-bhinna prAdezika rIti-rivAjo va agha vizvAso se samba dhita padya / ina tIna vargoM meM bA~Takara dezInAmamAlA ke sAhityika mahatva kA pratipAdana karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / viSaya ko bhalIbhAti spaSTa karane ke bAda zAstrIya dRSTi se rayaNAvalI ke chando usakI bhASA tathA alakAra yojanA prAdi para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai / sAhityika dRSTi se 'dezInAmamAlA' ke adhyayana kA yaha prathama prayAsa hai / sabhavata: isakI gAthAmro kI kliSTatA ne vidvAno ko isake sAhityika so darya se avagata hone se dUra hI rakhA hai| dezInAmamAlA ke padyo kA anuvAda sacamuca eka dusAdhya kArya hai| isa adhyAya meM lagabhaga 100 padyo kA anuvAda diyA gayA hai / adhyayana ke eka nizcita dAyare me badhe hone ke kAraNa, rayaNAvalI ke kitane hI sundara padyo kA samAveza nahI kiyA jA sakA / yaha bhaviSya ke anusadhitsupro ke lie eka sarAhanIya kArya ho sakatA haiN| zodhakartA isa kArya me salagna bhI hai / yadi rayaNAvalI ke sabhI padyo kA anuvAda kara diyA jAye to yaha nizcita hI 'gAhAsatasaI' aura 'vajjAlagga' jaise zreSTha kAvya-grantho kI koTi me rakhA jA sakatA hai| isa adhyAya me nihita adhyayana kA yahI niSkarSa haiN| adhyAya 4 - isa adhyAya me dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI kA sAskRtika adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI kA sambandha yuga-yugo se vyavahRta hotI prAyI jana-bhApAtro se hai| ina zabdo me patA nahI kitane prAcIna sAskRtika pratIka chipe par3e hai| inhIM pratIko kA spaSTIkaraNa isa adhyAya kA pramukha viSaya rahA hai / isa adhyAya kA adhyayana krama prakAra hai (1) vezInAmamAlA kA sAmAjika vAtAvaraNa-isake antargata sAmAjika eva pArivArika sambandho, rahana-sahana, rIti-rivAja, veza-bhUSA va khAna-pAna, dhUta

Page #15
[ 5 krIDA, gharela vastuoM, sAmAjika utsavo eva kheloM se sambandhita zabdo kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / isa varga ke zabdo ke mAdhyama se jo sAskRtika citra banatA hai, vaha prAya yuga-yugo se calI AyI nimnavargIya saskRti kA citra hai| spaSTa rUpa se ise kisI yuga vizeSa ke samAja se nahI sadabhita kiyA jA sakatA / (2) dhAmika AcAra-vicAra eva devI-devatA-dezInAmamAlA me aneko aise zabda hai jo yuga-yugo se cale Aye dhArmika prAcAra-vicAro, devI-devItAyo eva adhavizvAso se sambandhita hai, inhI zabdo kA vivaraNAtmaka adhyayana karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| (3) sAhitya-kalA-isake antargata vividha jJAna-vijJAna eva kalA se sambadhita zabdAvalI kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| (4) grAmINa kRSaka jIvana se sambandhita zabdAvalI- dezInAmamAlA ke adhikAza zabda grAmINa kRpaka jIvana se sambandhita hai, ina sabhI kA ullekha spaSTa rUpa se kiyA gayA hai| (5) rAjanIti - isa sandarbha me rAjanIti aura zAsana vyavasthA se sambandhita zabdo kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| aise zabdo ke mAdhyama se jisa zAsana vyavasthA kA citra sAmane AtA hai vaha prAcIna bhAratIya zAsana vyavasthA hai / isakA sabadha 11 vI aura 12 vI sadI ke gujarAta se bhI joDA jA sakatA hai| anta me isa adhyayana kA niSkarSa yaha diyA gayA hai ki dezInAmamAlA ke ye zabda kisI eka yuga vizeSa kI saskRti se sambaddha na hokara, yugayugo se calI AyI grAmINa nimnavargIya saskRti se sambaddha haiM / adhyAya 5-isa adhyAya se dezInAmamAlA ke adhyayana kA dUsarA pakSa prArama hotA hai / yaha adhyAya 'dezI' zabdo ke saiddhAntika vivecana se sambandhita haiN| sabase pahale 'dezI' zabdo ke svarUpa ko lekara vibhinna vidvAno dvArA vyakta kiye gaye mato kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / niSkarSa rUpa me-sabhI vidvAno ne kisI na kisI rUpa me 'dezI' zabdo ko yuga yugo se calI AyI jana-bhASAo kI sampatti svIkAra kiyA haiM / ye hI janabhASAe prAkRta (prAthamika prAkRta yA loka bhASAe) nAma se bhI abhihita kI jA sakatI haiM / dezI zabdo aura prAkRto kI nikaTastha sthiti para vicAra karane kI dRSTi se prAkRta aura dezI zabdo ke sambandha para vistAra se vicAra kiyA gayA hai / isI sadarbha me, prAkRta ko chAndasa (vaidika) bhASA ke mUla me svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / prAkRta kA tAtparya yahA prakRta (svAbhAvika rUpa se udabhUta hone vAlI janabhASA se hai / isake bAda apamra za aura dezI zabdo ke sambandha para vicAra kara, yaha niSkarSa nikAlA gayA hai ki dezI zabda sAmAnya janabhApA aura lokavyavahAra se sambandhita haiM / jo bhASAe loka jIvana se preraNA lekara Age baDhI, uname to 'dezI' zabdo kI bharamAra hai-jaise - prAkRta aura apamra za-isake viparIta saskRta jaisI pariSkRta sAhityika bhASA me loka abhiruci ko prazraya na milane ke kAraNa 'dezI' zabdo kA vyavahAra vilkula hai hI nahI, jo hai bhI, use pariSkRta kara liyA gayA hai| dezIzabdo ke svarUpa kA spaSTIkaraNa kara dene ke bAda ina zabdo ko lekara prAcArya hemacandra ke pUrva ke prAcAryoM svaya hemacandra tathA unake bAda ke prAcAryoM yA bhASA vaijJAniko kA abhimata pradarzita kiyA gayA hai / niSkarSa rUpa me sabhI ne dezI

Page #16
6 ] zabdo ko prAntIya janamApAmo kI zabda sampatti svIkAra kiyA hai| isake bAda deNI zabdoM ke udbhava aura unake vikAsa ke kAraNoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| dezI zabdo ke udabhava eva vikrAma ke do pramukha kAraNo (bhApAvanAvika eva sAskRtika) kA vistRta ullekha kiyA gayA hai, aura anta meM phira yahI niSkarSa diyA gayA hai ki dezI zabda yuga yugo se vyavahRta hotI pAyI bhAratIya jana mApAyo se sambandhita hai| inakA jAna lokavyavahAra para AdhArita hai| inhe vyAkaraNa gata samkAro ke bandhana meM nahI vAghA jA sktaa| aNyAya 6-isa adhyAya meM dezInAmamAlA ke lagabhaga 168 zabdo kA hindI tathA umakI pramukha voliyo meM vikAsa prazita kiyA gayA hai| ina sabhI zabdo ko prAcArya hemacandra ne degI kahA hai yahA bhI inheM dezI hI mAnA gayA hai| imakA eka kAraNa hai, zabdo kI prakRti aura unakI sthiti kA nirdhAraNa unake prayoga ke vAtAvaraNa ko dekhakara kiyA jAnA cAhie / unakI dhvanigata aura padagata vizepatAyo ko dekhakara nahI / ima adhyAya meM jitane zabda Aye haiM, unameM adhikAMza vidvAno kI dRSTi me tadbhava ho sakate haiM / isa bAta kA saMketa bhI kara diyA gayA hai parantu vAtAvaraNa kI dRSTi se ye namI zabda dezI lagate haiM / inakA vyavahAra mAhityika bhApAnI me na hokara prAya lokamApApro meM hotA davA jA rahA hai / hemacandra ne bhI ina zabdo kA sakalana loka mApApo kI hI sampatti mAnakara kiyA thA, isI mAnyatA ke anumpa isa adhyAya me kucha zabdo kA prayoga hindI tathA usakI pramukha boliyo, avadhI braja, bhojapurI prAdi meM dikhAyA gayA hai| zabdo kA yaha vikAsa niIrUpaNa yadyapi pAramparika nahIM hai, phira bhI gova kI pAramparika lIka ko toDakara jo niSkarSa nikAle gaye hai ve bhaviSya ke anusavAno ko dizA nirdeza karane meM sahAyaka ho sakate haiM / imI rIti se deNInAmamAlA ke sabhI manda kisI na kisI prAnta vI lokabhASA me sabhita kiye jA sakate hai / dezIzabdo kI vyutpati Dha Dhane ke cakkara me na paDakara yadi inake vikAsa kA jJAna prApta kara, inakI prakRti kA nirdhAraNa kiyA jAye to atyanta mahatvapUrNa pariNAma sAmane A sakatA hai| adhyAya 7-ima adhyAya meM dezI zabdo kA bhASAzAstrIya adhyayana prastata kiyA gayA hai| pUre adhyayana ko tIna khaNDo me vATA gayA hai--(1) vvanigrAmika adhyayana (2) padanAmika adhyayana (3) arthagata adhyayana / dezInAmamAlA ke zavda yA to nivibhaktika hai, yA phira prathamAnta hai, ataH inakA rupa-grAmika adhyayana samava nahI thA, yahI kAraNa hai ki adhyayana ko tIna hI khaNDo taka sImita rakhA gayA hai pratyeka khaNDa kA adhyayana krama isa prakAra hai (1) dhvanigrAmika adhyayana - emake antargata deNInAmamAlA ke zabdo me vyavahRta svara eva vyajana dhvanigrAmo kA aitihAsika eva varNanAtmaka vivecana kiyA gayA hai / deNInAmamAlA meM vyavahRta svara vvanigrAma eva vyajana vvanigrAma isa prakAra haiM svara dhvanigrAma-(khaNDIya)-a, pA, Da, I, ra, U, e, ai, o, pii| R aura lU kA prayoga virakula nahIM hai / ai aura zrI kA prayoga bhI aha aura au svarasayoMgo ke hI rUpa meM milatA haiM / prApta mvara vvanigrAmo kA prAdi madhya aura antya sthitiyoM meM vitaraNa bhI dikhA diyA gayA hai|

Page #17
[ 7 khaNDe tara svara dhvanigrAma-isake antargata anusvAra kA prayoga, visarga kA prabhAva, sadhi kA abhAva, svara sayogo kI bharamAra ya zrati aura va zra ti kA bahutAyata se prayoga, svarAghAta yA balAghAta kA nirUpaNa prAdi bAte pramukhatayA pradarzita hai - vya jana dhvaninAma-dezInAmamAlA ke zabdo me vyavahRta vyaMjana dhvanigrAma ye hai ka, kha, ga, gha, (Da0 kA sarvathA prabhAva hai) ca, cha, ja, jha, (ja kA bhI abhAva hai ) Ta, Tha, Da, Dha, Na tathA vha ta, tha, da, dha, (na kA prayoga nahIM hai ) / pa, pha, ba, bha, ma tathA mha ya, ra, la, va tathA lha dezInAmamAlA ke ye vyajana dhvanigrAma dezI zabdo me vyavahata hote hae bhI parNatayA madhyakAlIna bhAratIya AryabhApA ke dhvanigrAmo kA hI anukaraNa karate hai| ina sabhI ke prAdi, madhya aura antya tIno hI sthitiyo me prayoga kA dezInAmamAlA se udAharaNa bhI de diyA gayA hai| vyajana dhvanigrAmo kA aitihAsika eva varNanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta karane ke bAda vya jana-parivartana kI vividha dazApro lopa, pAgama, varNaviparyaya, samIkaraNa ghoSIkaraNa mahAprANIkaraNa Adi ke bhI udAharaNa de diye gaye hai| anta me vyajanasayogo aura sayuktAkSaro kI bhI vistRta carcA kara dI gayI hai / (2) padagrAmika adhyayana-dezInAmamAlA ke zabdo kA padagrAmika adhyayana eka atyanta durUha kArya hai| isake adhikatara zabda prakRti-pratyaya nirdhAraNa prakriyA kI pahaca ke vAhara haiM phira bhI jJAta vyutpattika zavdo kI prakRti aura uname lagane vAle pratyayo kA pratyAkhyAna karane kA sabhava prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / padagrAmika adhyayana kI dRSTi se dezInAmamAlA kI padAvalI tIna vargoM me bAMTI gayI hai sajJA,vizeSaNa tathA kriyAvizeSaNa / pUrA padanAmika adhyayana krama isa prakAra hai zabdo kA svarUpa-vivecana, pratyaya-prakriyA, vibhakti pratyaya, nivimaktika zUnya prayoga vyutpAdaka pratyaya-vyutpAdakapUrvapratyaya yA upasargoM kA nirUpaNa, vyutpAdaka para pratyaya-tadvita pIra kadantI prayoga / padagrAmika vivecana ke isa prayAsa me dezInAmamAlA ke sabhI zabda nahI pA sake haiM / sabhI zabdo kA vivecana prastuta karane me vyAkaraNika apavAdo kI bharamAra ho jAne kI sambhAvanA thI / vyutpAdaka pratyayo ke bIca lagabhaga sabhI dezI pratyayo kA parigaNana kara diyA gayA hai| dezInAmamAlA me aneko zabda aise hai jiname na to prakRti-aza kA patA calatA hai aura na hI pratyaya aza kA, aise zabdo kA arthagata adhyayana hI, sabhava hai, ye zabda vizuddha 'dezI' haiM, inakA jJAna 'lokAt' arthAvadhAraNa mAtra se hI ho sakatA hai| (3) arthagata adhyayana - dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI kA adhyayana pUrNatayA arthavijJAna kA viSaya hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka eva padAtmaka adhyayana kisI bhI mahatva kA nahI hai / prAcArya hemacandra svaya hI itane samartha the ki, yadi cAhate to ina zabdo kA prakRti-pratyaya nirdhAraNa kara sakate the, para unhone ina zabdo kI vyutpatti para bala na dekara, mAtra inake arthAvadhAraNa para bala diyA hai / dezonAmalAlA ke zabdo ko

Page #18
8 ] lekara vidvAnoM ne taraha-taraha kI mrAnta ghAraNae phailAyI haiM / bulhara mahodaya ne to vahA~ taka vala diyA thA ki dezInAmamAlA ke sAre zabdo ko saskata se sardA mata kiyA jA sakatA hai / inhI kI paramparA kA pAlana zrI rAmAnujasvAmI ne apane dvArA banAyI gayI deNInAmamAlA kI glAsarI me kiyA hai| unhone dezInAmamAlA ke aneko zabdo kI vyutpattiyA dI haiM, jo pUrNatayA dhvani sAmya para AdhArita haiN| kisI bhI zabda kA usake artha se zAzvata sambandha hotA hai, dhvaniyo se nhiiN| rAmAnujasvAmI ne bvani sAmya ke AdhAra para vyutpattiyA de to dI, para artha kI ora dhyAna nahIM diyA / isa prakAra kI bhrAmaka vyutpatti vAle lagabhaga 200 zabdo kA udAharaNa ima avyAya meM diyA gayA hai aura yaha pratipAdita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki deNInAmamAlA ke zabdo kI vyutpattiyA da DhanA vyartha hai, artha kI dRSTi se inakA atryayana atyanta mahatvapUrNa ho sakatA hai| prAcArya hemacandra ne ina kA sakalana bhI imI dRSTikoNa se kiyA thaa| puna dezInAmamAlA ke kucha zabdo ko prAryetara bhApAyo kI sampatti batAyA gayA hai / isa mata kA bhI khaNDana isI adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai| jina zabdo ko mudhI vidvAno ne dakSiNI bhApAyo tamila, telagu, kannaDa Adi kI sampatti batAyA hai, ina bhApAnI ke vyAkaraNakAra bhI inheM dezI hI mAnate haiN| aisI sthiti me hemacandra kI mAnyatA galata kahA huI ? isI prakAra dezInAmamAlA ke aravI phArasI zabdagrahaNa kI mAnyatA kA bhI khanTana kiyA gayA hai / anta me dezInAmamAlA ke zabdo kI prakRti kA nirdhAraNa karate hue puna yahI niSkarSa nikAlA gayA hai ki ye zabda yuga yugo se pracalita janamApA se sambandhita hai| inakA adhyayana kisI bhApA vizeSa me dhvanyAtmaka yA padAtmaka tulanA ke prAdhAra para na kiyA jAkara artha ke AdhAra para kiyA jAnA cAhie / dezInAmamAlA kA adhyayana pUrNatayA artha-vijJAna kA vipaya hai / astu / makSa pa me, prastuta zodha-prabandha ke adhyayana kI ye kucha dizAe hai| inake antargata dezInAmamAlA se sambandhita adhyayana ke jitane bhI pakSa ho sakate haiM, lagabhaga sabhI ko samAhita kara liyA gayA hai| dezInAmamAlA para samaveta rUpa se koI kArya na hone ke kAraNa, isakI zodha dizAmro kA nirdhAraNa kahI-kahI sarvathA svacchanda rIti se kiyA gayA hai| isa prayatna ke vIca aneko vidvano kI vAraNAyo kA khaNDana karanA par3A hai, AzA hai ve mujhe kSamA kareMge / dezInAmamAlA para kiye jAne vAle zodhakArya kA yaha prArambha mAtra hai / yaha to aisA grantha hai, jisakI jitanI hI gaharAI meM utarA jAye, utanI hI nayI nayI dizAe khulatI jAtI haiN| -zivamUrti zarmA

Page #19
AcArya hemacandra : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva bhArata prAcIna kAla se svanAmadhanya eva svasAdhanApUta RSiyo tathA mahApuruSo kA deza rahA hai / ina mahAmAnavo ne apanI satata sAdhanA dvArA deza kI sAhityika, sAmAjika aura sAskRtika unnati me abhUtapUrva yoga diyaa| 12vI zatAbdI me eka aise hI mahApuruSa kA janma huA jinhone apane yugAntakArI aura yuga sasthApaka vyaktitva ke AdhAra para tatkAlIna gujarAta ke sAmAjika, sAhityika eva rAjanItika itihAsa ke nirmANa me adbhuta yoga diyA / inakI apratima pratibhA kA samparka prApta kara sampanna paramparAao se yukta gurjara dhAritrI sAhitya aura kalA ke navavikasita sumano se praphullita ho utthii| pATaliputra kAnyakubja, valabhI, ujjayinI Adi kI paramparA me gujarAta kA araNahilapura bhI sAhitya-kalA aura saMgIta ke sAtha hI vividha vidyApo kA kendra banA / gujarAta ke do parAkramazIla rAjApro siddharAja jayasiMha aura kumAra pAla ke sarakSaNa me aNahilapura bhoja kI dhArAna garI ke vaibhava ko pahucane laga gayA / araNa hilapura ke isa utkarSa me ina do rAjAo ke atirikta vahAM ke vidvAno kA bhI bahuta baDA hAtha rahA / AcArya hemacandra jinhe kalikAla sarvajJa kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai, araNahilapura ke vidvatratno me sarvazreSTha the / hemacandra kA jIvana-carita . svargIya DA bUlara ne apane "Life of Hemchandra"1 nAmaka grantha me prAcArya hemacandra ke jIvana kA AlocanAtmaka vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| hemacandra ke 1. siMghI jaina granthamAlA me 1889 me prakAzita /

Page #20
10 ] jIvana kA vizada vivecana karane me DA vUlara ne nimnalikhita cAra granyo kI sahAyatA lI hai :-- (1) prabhAcandra sUri kA prabhAvakacarita-samaya 1278 I0 / (2) mairutuGga kRta pravandhacintAmariNa / (3) rAjazekhara kA pravandha koza / (4) jinamaNDala upAdhyAya kA kumArapAla pratibodha / ina vibhinna granyo se sahAyatA lene ke atirikta svaya hemacandra dvArA racita dvayAzraya kAvya, siddhahaimavyAkaraNa kI prazasti, viSaSTizalAkA purupa-caritAntargata 'mahAvIracarita' Adi se bhI DA vUlara ne hemacandra ke jIvana ke prAmANya ekatra kiye| Adhunika khojo ke AdhAra para kucha aura bhI granya sAmane Aye haiM, jinase hemacadra ke jIvana para prakAza paDatA hai / iname do grantha to hemacandra ke samakAlIna hai (1) somaprabha sUri kRta kumArapAla pratibodha / (2) yazapAla kRta moharAja parAjaya / (3) purAtanapravandha sagraha / uparyukta tIna grantho me prathama do hemacandra ke samakAlIna grantha haiM antima purAtana pravandhasagraha aneko vivaraNo kA ekatra salagna mAtra hai| Upara ginAye gaye granyo me somaprabhasUri kRta kumArapAla pranibodha hemacandra kI samasAmayika racanA hone ke kAraNa unakI jIvana vipayaka prAmANika sAmagrI de sakatI thI, parantu lekhaka svaya hI isa bAta ko svIkAra karatA hai ki ' maiMne dono (hemacandra aura kumArapAla) ke jIvana se sambandhita vahI ghaTanAe~ lI haiM jinakA sambandha unake janadharma svIkAra karane ke bAda ke jIvana se hai / isa prakAra yaha grantha hemacandra aura kumArapAla ke milane tathA kumArapAla ke jainadharma svIkAra karane ke bAda kI hI ghaTanApro kA ullekha karatA hai| yadi isa grantha ko AdhAra banAkara hemacandra ke jIvana kA vivecana kiyA jAye to unake jIvana kI aneko mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAyeM andhakAra me raha jaayeNgii| isakI tulanA meM prabhAvakacarita isa dRSTi se atyadhika upayogI hai|' kumAra pAla pratibodha hemacandra ke jIvana kI jitanI ghaTanAo kA ullekha karatA bhI hai sIdhe nahI ghumA phirA kara karatA hai| isake liye lekhaka eka nATakIya sthiti kI prAyojanA karatA hai-brAhmaNa dharma me yajJo ityAdi ke vIca bhayAnaka raktapAta dekhakara usako vAstavika dharma na mAnate hue kumArapAla kA vAstavika dharma ke jJAna kI jijJAsA hotI hai| yaha jijJAsA cintA kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai / jaba usake matrI vAhaDadeva (vAgbhaTadeva) ko isa bAta kA patA calatA hai taba vaha

Page #21
[ 11 rAjA ke sAmane pahucakara vinamratApUrvaka apane dvArA kahI jAne vAlI kathA ko sunane kA Agraha karatA hai| usakI yaha kathA hemacandra ke kumArapAla ke samparka meM Ane ke pahale ke jIvana kI kathA hai / parantu yaha ghaTanA aitihAsika nahI pratIta hotI / ho sakatA hai kumArapAla pratibodhakAra ne apanI racanA ko kavitApUrNa banAne ke lie isa prasaga kI udbhAvanA kI ho / pUNatallagaccha' jisase ki hemacandra kA sambandha thA taka kI kathA batAne ke vAda matrI vAhaDa Age kI kathA kahatA hai - 'eka samaya devAcandrAcArya tIrthayAtrA hetu aNahilapaTTana se ghadhUkA gAva pahuce aura vahA mauDhavaziyo ke vasahI jaina mandira me devadarzana ke liye padhAre / dhArmika upadezo kI samApti ke bAda unake pAsa eka ATha varSa kA bAlaka AyA aura usane devacandrAcArya se prArthanA kI ki isa sasAra-sAgara ke sataraNa hetu mujhe sucarita rUpI nAva pradAna kIjiye / arthAt mujhe bhI sAdhu banane kI preraNA dIjiye / devacadrAcArya bAlaka kI capalatA aura usakI vairAgyavRtti se bahuta adhika prabhAvita hue| unhone bacce kA aura usake pitA kA nAma puuchaa| isa para sAtha Aye haye bacce ke mAmA nemi ne bacce ke bAre me batAnA prArambha kiyA "yahA (ghadhUkA me) cAcA (cAciga) nAma kA prasiddha vyApArI rahatA hai / apane pUrvajo ke dharma aura apane kula devatAno kA upAsaka hai| 'cAhiNI' nAma kI usakI patnI hai jo merI bahina bhI hai / yaha laDakA usI kA putra hai / isake bAda nemi cAhiNI dvArA dekhe gaye svapna kA vivaraNa dete hue bAlaka ko usI satsvapna kA pariNAma batAtA hai| Age nemi kahatA hai-ina dino dharma kI bAto ke atirikta bAlaka kA mana aura kisI bAta me nahI lagatA / isa para guru devacandra bole - 'yadi bAlaka ko ucita dIkSA dI jAye to bahuta acchA hogA / hama use le jAkara sabhI zAstro ke dharma kA jJAna karAte haiM / yaha tIrthaGkaro ke samAna loka kalyANa kregaa| ata tuma isake pitA cAcA (cAciga) se kaho ki ve isakI niyamita dIkSA kI prAjJA deN| pitA ne atyadhika prema ke kAraNa putra ko dIkSA lekara ghara chor3ane kI prAjJA nahI dI parantu laDake ne sAdhu banane kA nizcaya kara liyA thaa| mAmA ke dvArA protsAhana milane para usane ghara choDa diyA / apane ke guru ke sAtha vaha khambhatIrtha (skambhatIrtha, khambhAta) AyA aura vahA jainadharmAnukUla jIvana prArambha karane kI dIkSA 1 AcArya hemacandra kI mAtA pAhiNIyA cAhiNI devI ne eka adbhuta svapna dekhA thA / bAlaka caGgadeva usI svapna kA pariNAma thA / isake Age kI kathA vAhaDa manI batAtA hai| ku pra. bo. pR. 21 2

Page #22
12 ] lii| dIkSA ke bAda usakA 'somacanda' nAma paDA / jainAgamo meM banAye gaye gAdhano dvArA kaThina tapa karake bahuta zIna hI umane mamagna vidyA samudramA pravagAhana yara liyA / gurudevacandra ne jaba gomacandra meM kucha aige guNa dege jo daga ghora nitAla me sabhI ke liye sambhava nahI ye, to unhoMne use gaNadhara (prAcArya) padavI dekara paI bhikSugro kA aguvA banA diyaa| somacandra ke zarIra kA raMga sone kA thA ataH usA nAma hemacandra pddaa|" hemacandra vibhinna prAnto me ghUmate rahe / parantu upAsya devI ke gujara-viSaya (gujarAta prAnta) choTakara na jAne, tathA yaha kahane para ki 'gujagata me rahakara tuma imakA vahata hita karoge' hemacandra ne anya prAntoM meM mAnA jAnA banda kara diyA aura gujarAta meM hI rahakara logo ke bIca jJAna kA prakANa phailAte rhe|' ___ kumArapAla ke matrI bAhaTa (vAgbhaTa) ne apanI kathA jAge rapacI - 'vizvaprasiddha vidvAn ziromaNi gujarAta kA parAkramI rAjA middhagaja jayasiMha inhI prAcArya hemacandra se apanI mamasta zakAyo kA nivAraNa karavAtA thaa| isake bAda vaha hemacandra ke saketa para banavAye gaye aNahilapura ke 'rAjavihAra' aura middhapura ke "middhavihAra' kI carcA karatA hai| yahI vaha yaha bhI batAtA hai ki middharAja kI hI prArthanA para prAcArya ne middhahama jaise mahAn vyAkaraNa grantha kI racanA kI thii| vaha kahatA hai siddharAja madeva ina prAcArya kI svargika vANI sunane ke lie lAlAyita rahatA thaa| 'ata yadi zrApa (kumArapAla) dharmoM kA rahamya jAnanA cAhate haiM to muniyo me zreSTha hemacandra kI parita vANI kA zravaNa bhaktipUrvaka kiijie|'' 'kumArapAla pratibodha' dvArA diyA gayA hemacandra viSayaka yaha vivaraNa yadyapi sakSipta hai phira bhI unake jIvana kI prasiddha ghaTanAgro kA dyotana karane meM samartha hai| grantha kA racayitA hemacandra kA samasAmayika hai ata usake dvArA dI gayI ghaTanAe prAmANika bhI ho sakatI hai / prAcArya hemacandra ke jIvana kI pramukha ghaTanAgro kI tithiyA pramAvaka carita meM mila jAtI haiM / ve tithiyA isa prakAra hai (1) hemacandra kA janma - vi sa 1145 (1089 I ) kArtika pUrNimA / (2) dIkSA grahaNa-vi sa 1150 (1094 I ) (3) sUri yA prAcAryapada grahaNa-vi sa 1166 (1110 I ) (pra. ca pR 347, 848,849) 1. ku. pra. vo. pR 22

Page #23
[ 13 jahA taka hemacandra ke janma kA prazna hai, pratyeka grantha me tithiyA lagabhaga samAna hI haiM / dIkSA ke sambandha me dI gayI tithiyo me matabheda hai / jainazAstro me yaha nirdeza hai ki binA 8 varSa kI avasthA pUrNa kiye koI bhI jaina dharma me dIkSita nahI ho sktaa| prabhAvakacarita, purAtanapravandha sagraha tathA prabandha koza ke anusAra dIkSA ke samaya hemacandra lagabhaga 8 varSa ke the| parantu kumArapAla pratibodha ke anusAra inakI dIkSA vi sa 1154 (1098) ' meM huii| yaha tithi ThIka bhI lagatI hai / guru devacandra sUri kA dhandhU kA Agamana vi sa 1150 (1194 I ) me huA thA / ava me lekara hemacandra ke pitA se AjA prApta karane ke bIca kucha samaya avazya lagA hogaa| prabhAvakacarita ke anusAra ghara se nikalane ke vAda hemacandra kA pAlana poSaNa khambhAta ke eka adhikArI udayana ke yahA huA thaa| isI udayana ne hemacandra ke pitA ko tIna lAkha rupaye dekara khuza bhI karanA cAhA thaa| hemacandra ke pitA ke rupayA na svIkAra karane tathA putra kI dIkSA ke lie AjJA de dene kI ghaTanA vi. sa 1154 (san 1098) me huI thI / ata hemacandra kA yahI dIkSA kAla prAmANika hai / jahA taka 'sUripada' prApta karane kA prazna hai, sabhI grantha eka mata haiM / prabhAvaka carita me yaha tithi vi. sa 1166 (san 1 110 dI gayI hai yahI tithi kumArapAla-prabandha kI bhI hai| isa prakAra AcArya hemacandra ne 8 varSa kI avasthA me jaina dharma kI dIkSA lI aura 21 varSa kI avasthA me 'sUripada' prApta kiyaa| vidyAdhyayana aura vyaktitva nirmANa AcArya hemacandra ke jIvana se sambandhita pramukha ghaTanAmo kI tithiyo ke atirikta unake vyaktitva nirmANa aura zikSA dIkSA sambandhI bAto kA vivaraNa bhI vibhinna grantho me prApta ho jAtA hai / kumArapAla pratibodha ke anusAra gurudevacandrasUri ne bAlaka caD gadeva ke mAmA 'nemi' se kahA ki dIkSA prApta karane ke bAda vAlaka bahuta thoDe hI samaya me zAstro ke tathya se avagata ho jAyegA / huprA bhI kucha isI prakAra / caD gadeva ne bahuta zIghra hI sabhI vidyAmo ke samudra ko pAra kara liyaa| prAcArya-pada prApta karane ke bAda ve vibhinna prAnto me ghUmate rahe parantu bAda me ve gujarAta se kabhI bAhara nahI gaye / 'hemacandra ke vidyAdhyayana ke bAre me kevala itanA hI ullekha kumArapAla prativodha me milatA hai| apane vidyAdhyayana kA sArA zreya hemacanda apane guru devacandra sUri ko dete 1. ku pra bo pR. 12 2. vahI, pR 13

Page #24
14 ] haiM / 'vipaSTizalAkA purupacarita' kI prazasti me ve isa bAta ko mvIkAra bhI karate haiM ___ 'tatprasAdAdadhigatajJAna sampanna mahodayaH / / parantu unhoMne kiga prakAra guru meM vidyA sIkhI isakA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA prata ina sandana ma unakI yaha svIkArokti koI mahattva nahIM rkhtii| prAcArya hemacandra ke jJAnArjana aura vyanitva nirmANa kA kucha vistRta ullegya prabhAvakacarita me prApta hotA hai-'somacandra ne zIghra hI taka-lakSagaNa pora mAhitya meM adhikAra prApta kara liyaa| parantu kucha hajAra pado ko kaNThastha mAya kara lene meM somacandra ko matopa nahI milA ata apane guru se vidyA prApti ke niA kAzmIradezavAsinI' devI ko jAkara prasanna karane kI prAnA mAgI / ve tAmralipti (khambhAta) se cale aura rAta vitAne ke lie 'zrIraivatAvatAra' nAmaka eka jaina mandira meM ke| ardharAtri ke samaya jaba ve dhyAnAvasthA me baiThe the, brAhmI devI prakaTa huI aura unhe kAzmIra jAne kA kaSTa uThAne me roka diyA kyoki somacandra kI mAdhanA meM ve atyanta prasanna thI / brAhmI devI ne unheM icchita phala pradAna karane kA vacana diyA / sArI rAta brAhmI devI kI prazasAtmaka stuti meM vitAkara somacandra vaha apane sthAna ko vApasa lauTa Aye / 'isake bAda se hI ve' middha sArasvata (anAyAma middhamArasvata bhI) kahe jAne lage / 2 'isake bAda hI unhone sUri pada prApta kiyA / 3 ___'kumArapAlapravandha' ke racayitA jinamaNDala uparyukta ghaTanA se hI milatIjulatI eka atyanta rahasyAtmaka ghaTanA kA ullekha karate haiN| aba dekhanA yaha hai ki ina kathAno me vAstavika tathya kahA hai / somacandra ke guru devacandra sUri nizcita rUpa se eka udbhaTa vidvAn the parantu prazna yaha hai ki prAcArya hemacandra ne adhyayana kI jina vibhinna zAkhAgro kA pADityapUrNa pradarzana apanI racanAo me kiyA hai kyA itanA sArA jJAna akele devacandra unheM de sake the? isa kA kA samAdhAna atyanta sarala hai| yadi hama hemacandra ke jIvana kAla ke gujarAta ke itihAsa ko dekheM to vAta atyanta spaSTa ho jAtI hai| hemacandra khambhAta me rahate the / usa samaya khambhAta eka sundara bandaragAha hone ke kAraNa vyApAra kA kendra to thA hI sAtha hI samRddha hone ke kAraNa-sAhitya aura kalA ke kSetra me bhI advitIya thA / vahA aneko udbhaTa viddhAn adhyayana aura adhyApana me rata the / prAcAya hemacandra 1 ni pu ca eloka sakhyA 15 2 prabhAkacarita-zloka sakhyA, 37-46 3 vahI, zloka sakhyA, 48-59

Page #25
[ 15 ne ina sabhI se preraNA grahaNa kii| aNahilapura Ane para to nizcita hI ve bahuta baDe-baDe vidvAno ke samparka me pAye / 'prabhAvakacarita' kA hemacandra se sambandhita kAzmIra yAtrA prasaga bhI unakI adhyayanazIlatA aura jijJAsA kA paricAyaka hai| una dino kAzmIra vidyAdhyayana kA bahuta vaDA kendra thA ata hemacandra vahA adhyayana karane ke lie jAnA cAhate the / parantu yAtrA me aneko kaThinAiyA hone ke kAraNa ve kAzmIra jAne se roka diye gye| unake kAzmIra jAne kA ekamAtra uddezya adhyayana hI thA isa bAta kI puSTi kAzmIra dezavAminI devI (sarasvatI) ke ullekha se hI ho jAtI hai| kAzmIra sthita sarasvatI kA madira usa samaya vividha dizAmo se Aye hue vidvAn paNDito kA kendra thaa| inhI paNDito ke samparka me rahakara jJAnavRddhi karanA hemacandra kA pramukha uddezya thA / jaba ina paNDito ke samparka me jAkara adhyayana karanA sambhava na huA to gujarAta me hI sthita kAzmIrI paNDito se hemacandra ne bahuta kucha sIkhA hogA / aitihAsika pramANa yaha siddha karate haiM ki siddharAja jayasiMha ke darabAra me usa samaya aneko udbhaTa vidvAn rahate the| bilhaNa ke eka ullekha se vidita hotA hai ki usa samaya jayasiMha ke darabAra me aneko kAzmIrI paNDita bhI the| uname 'utsAha' nAma ke paNDita sarvaprasiddha the / ye vaiyyAkaraNa the| siddhahaima zabdAnuzAsana kI racanA ke pahale inhI 'utsAha' paNDita ke hAtha hI kAzmIra ke vibhinna pustakAlayo se vyAkaraNa ke ATha prasiddha grantha hemacandra ko prApta hue the| prAcArya hemacandra siddharAja jayasiMha ke samakAlIna haiM siddharAja jayasiMha vidvAno kA bahuta adhika Adara karane vAlA rAjA thaa| dhArAnagarI ke zAsaka bhoja ke darabAra kI vidvatA kI kahAniyA Aja bhI calatI haiM / aise hI viddhAno kA jamaghaTa jayasiMha ke darabAra me bhI thA / usa samaya vidyA kI koI aisI zAkhA nahI thI jisakA pracAra gujarAta me na rahA ho / AcArya hemacandra ne ina viddhAno ke samparka me raha kara bahuta kucha sIkhA thaa| siddharAja jayasiMha ke vidvatApUrNa daravAra kA ullekha rasikalAla sI pArikha ne 'kAvyAnuzAsana' kI bhumikA me kiyA hai / ' 1. ' Tarka Sahitya and lakshana logic and the art of dilectics, literature and poeties Grammar and the philosophy of language were the subjects practiced by the cultured citizens of Aphillapura and proficiency in these subjects was a pass post to the Royal Courts and the assemblies of the learned the (Contd)

Page #26
16 ] pArisajI ke vivecana me rapaSTa ho jAtA hai ki prAcArya hemacandra ke cAroM tarapha udbhaTa viddhAnI kI eka zrRMkhalA thii| unhoMne aise vAtAvaraNa ke prabhAva ke kAraNa hI vyAkaraNa, sAhitya,-pramANa-zAratra, kAvya, chanda zAgya prAdi lagabhaga kAvya tathA bhApA sambandhI sAhitya ke sabhI ago para kArya kiyA / yadi unheM svastha sAhityika paramparA kA vAtAvaraNa na milA hotA to zAyada ve itane vipula prIra vividhAtmaka jJAna-vijJAna pUrNa granyo kA nirmANa na kara pAte / hemacandrasUri aura siddharAja jayasiMha / pitA kA ghara choDa kara bAlaka caTTa gadeva guru ke prAdeNAnumAra sammAna ke eka adhikArI udayana mantrI ke yahA rahane lagA thaa| vahI mantrI putra vADa (vAgbhaTa) ke sAtha hI usake adhyayana adhyApana kA prabandha huaa| yaha bAta pahale hI batAyI jA cukI hai / 'sUri' pada prApta karane ke bAda hemacandra ahillapura gaye / ' yahA do prazna apane Apa hI uTha gvaDe hote hai-kyA hemacandra pahalI bAra praNahilapura gaye yA pahale gaye the ? dUsarI bAta ve saripada prApta karane ke kitane dina bAda aNahillapura gaye ? ina dono hI prazno kA koI mamAdhAna prApta nahIM hotaa| prAcArya hemacandra aura sidarAja jayasiMha se prathama bheTa kI kathA prabhAvaka carita me isa prakAra variNata hai-'eka dina siddharAja jayasiMha apane hAthI para baiTha kara nagara bhramaNa ke lie nikale / jAte samaya eka dukAna ke sAmane unhe hemacandra dipAyI paDe / unhone hAthI rokakara unase kucha kahane kA Agraha kiyaa| isa para hemacandra ne eka zloka paDhA chaityas and the Mathas of the different sects in fact were the academics and the colleges where these subjects were discussed and taught We reffered to the great dialectician Santisuri who had thirty two students studying under him Pramanasastra which included the Buddhist logic, whose cotegories were difficult to grasp This atmosphere of learding of public debates and of literary cuticism as also of literary compositions was a significant feature of the times which became more and more marked with the spread of political power of Anahillapura......It was in this entelectual milien that Hemchandra the greatest intelectual of the age lived and did his work. He must have received immence benefit and impetus from such an environment but he must have also found it very difficult to shine out amongst such a glaxy of learned men." 1. pra0 ca0 zlo0 64

Page #27
[ 17 'kAraya prasara siddhahastirAjamazaDa kitam / trasyantu diggajA kiM tairbhU stvayavoddhatA yata / 'he siddharAja ! apane gajarAja ko ni zaka hokara Age baDhane do| isake bhaya se dizApro ke diggaja bhayabhIta hokara kApate haiM to kApe-pRthvI kI koI hAni nahI hogI kyoki usakA bhAra tumhAre kandho para hai (diggajo ke nahI ) / buddhimAna rAjA hemacandra kI isa prazasti se bahuta adhika prabhAvita huA aura usane dopahara ke vAda milane ke lie hemacandra ko Amantrita kiyaa|'' isa prakAra prabhAvakacarita ke anusAra yuga ke do mahAn vyaktitva-eka rAjA dUsarA sUripada prApta adbhuta viddhAn sAdhu, dono Apasa me mile aura dono me zIghra ghaniSTatA bhI ho gyii| ina do mahAna vyaktiyo ke milana kA bahuta hI acchA pariNAma huaa| prabhAvakacarita ke anusAra hemacandra aura siddharAja kI dUsarI bheTa taba huI java mAlavA vijaya ke upalakSya me bhinna-bhinna matAvalambI sabhI loga rAjA ko sAdhuvAda dene gaye / hemacandra jaina dharma ke pratinidhi ke rUpa me gaye aura unhone siddharAja kI prazasti me nimna paktiyA paDhI bhUmi kAmagavi | svagomayara sairAsiJca ratnAkarA / muktAsvastikamAtanudhvamuDupa | tva pUrNa kumbhIbhava / dhRtvAkalpatarodalAni saralaidigvAraNastoraNAnyAdhattasvakaravijitya jagatI nanveti siddhAdhipa / ina paktiyo ne rAjA ko aura bhI adhika prabhAvita kiyA aura usane dobArA prAcArya ko, milane ke lie apane mahala me bulAyA / siddharAja jayasiMha se hemacandra kI yaha bheTa vi sa 1191 ke antima mAha yA 1292 ke prathama mAha (1136 I.) me huI hogii| AcArya hemacandra aura siddharAja jayasiMha kI mitratA kA prathama sAhityika pariNAma 'siddha haimazabdAnuzAsana' ke rUpa me prakaTa humA / yaha vyAkaraNa kA adbhuta grantharatna hai / isa grantha kI samApti para hemacandra ne svaya hI isako racanA kA kAraNasiddharAja ke dvArA bAra-bAra kI gayI prArthanA batAyA haiM / paramparA me prApta anya vyAkaraNa grantha bahuta vistRta, samajhane me kaThina tathA adhUre haiM / ina sabhI kamiyo 1 2 pra. ca. vo , 65-69 vahI, 70-73

Page #28
____18 ] ko dhyAna meM rakhate hae "giddhagazabdAnubhAgana" nI racanA magna gora yAkaratA grantha ke rUpa meM kI gayI hai| isa granya kI prazasti ko dekhane meM patA calatA hai ki hamakI racanA siddharAja kI mAlavA vijaya ke bAda huI thii| yaha no manAnA hai ki mAlavA vijaya ke lie prasthAna karane ke pahale hI giddhagaja ne hemacandra mena granya kI racanA karane kI prArthanA kI ho aura umo lauTane taka granya taiyAra ho gayA ho| prabhAvakacarita me isa grantha kI racanA meM sambandhita eka atyanta vistRta vivaraNa diyA gayA hai jo sambhavata ThIka hI lagatA hai kyoMki yaha vivaraNa svaya hemacandra ke dvArA diye gaye kAraNo kA pUraka mAnA jA sakatA hai| isakA hemacandra se koI virodha nahIM hai| prabhAvaka carita kA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai 'eka bAra siddharAja ke rAjyakarmacArI use 'avanti' ke pustakAlaya me lAyI gayI pustakeM dikhA rahe the / siddharAja kI dRSTi eka 'lakSaNa pustaka' (vyAkaraNa granya) para paDI / siddharAja ke pUchane para ki yaha kyA hai ? hemacandra ne batAyA ki mahArAja yaha rAjAbhoja dvArA likhA gayA vyAkaraNa granya hai / yaha isa samaya kA sabase adhika paDhA jAne vAlA vyAkaraNa granya hai| isake racayitA bhoja vidvAno ke zigebhUpaNa the / unakA daravAra deza ke zreSTha vidvAno se muzobhita thaa| svaya unhoMne zabdazAstra, alakArazAstra, devajJazAstra (jyotipa) aura tarkazAmya tathA anyAnaka granyo kI racanA kI thii| isa prakAra hemacandra ne bhoja ke dvArA racita aneko granyo kA ullekha jArI rkhaa|| rAjA bhoja kI sAhityika samRdvi se middharAja ko svAbhAvika IrSyA huI / unhoMne prAcArya hemacandra se pUchA, kyA isa prakAra hamAre yahA jJAna-vijJAna ke grantha nahI likhe jA sakate ? kyA isI taraha ke vidvAna sAre gujarAta deza me nahI banAye jA sakate ? sabhA ke sAre zrAdamiyo ne eka sAtha hemacandra kI aora dekhA / isake bAda svaya rAjA ne bhI hemacandra se prArthanA kI, he mahapi / merI abhilApA pUrNa kiijie| aise vaijJAnika grantha kA nirmANa kIjiye jisase bhApA sUkaratA se mIkhI jA ske| isa samaya vyavahAra me Ane vAlA 'kalApaka' vyAkaraNa bhASAjJAna karAne meM samartha nahI hai / pANini kA vyAkaraNa bhI vaidika hone tathA aneko apavAdo eva sImita bhApAyo kA jJApaka hone se sarvajana labhya nahI hai / 1 pra ca , zloka 74-78

Page #29
[ 19 ata he muniyo me zreSTha muni Apa eka aise vyAkaraNa grantha kI racanA kIjie jo sabhI prakAra ke logo ko lAbha pahucA sake / 1 prabhAvakacarita dvArA varita yaha 'abhyarthanA' yadyapi kavitvapUrNa hai phira bhI tathyoM se dUra nahI kahI jA sakatI / zrAcArya hemacandra kA zabdAnuzAsana nizcita hI paramparA me likhe gaye ekAgI vyAkaraNo me zradvitIya hai / saMskRta prAkRta aura apabhraMza tIno bhASA ke vyAkaraNa kA ekatra samAhAra siddharAja kI abhyarthanA kA phala bhale hI na mAnA jAya parantu isa avasara kI aitihAsikatA me sandeha karanA bilkula galata hogA | ujjayinI kI vidvatparamparA kA pratispaddha siddharAja jayasiMha yadi isa prakAra ke grantha kA nirmANa karavAkara bhoja ke samAna yA usase bhI vaDha kara yazaHkIrti pAnA cAhe to yaha bhI asaMbhava nahI / astu prabhAvakacarita dvArA diyA gayA yaha vivaraNa aitihAsika mAnA jAnA cAhie / siddharAja kI isa abhyarthanA ko sunakara AcArya bole 'Apake dvArA icchita kArya kI pUrti hamArA apanA karttavya bhI hai / kAzamIra deza me sthita 'zrI bhAratIdevI' ke pustakAlaya me ATha vyAkaraNa ke grantha haiM / unhe apane Adamiyo dvArA magavA lIjiye | inakI sahAyatA se bhASA kA vyAkaraNa vaijJAnika rIti se tathA sukaratApUrvaka likhA jA sakegA / " 1 uparyukta vivaraNa kucha navIna tathyo para prakAza DAlatA hai / eka to isase hemacandra kI kAzmIra yAtrA kA kAraNa mAlUma ho jAtA hai, dUsare yaha bhI dhvanita hotA hai ki AcArya hemacandra kI vyAkaraNa ke granthanirmANa me pahale hI se ruci thI parantu usake liye adhyayana kI Avazyaka sAmagrI na hone se ve isa kArya ko na kara sake hoge / siddharAja jayasiMha ke sahayoga se unheM pUrva vaiyAkaraNo kI ATho pustakeM milI aura unhone ina grantho kI kamiyo ko dhyAna me rakhate hue eka sarvathA navIna vyAkaraNa grantha kA nirmANa kara diyA / siddha haimazabdAnuzAsana kA saMskRta vyAkaraNa se samvandhita bhAga sarAhanIya hote hue bhI pUrvavaiyyAkaraNo kA anusaraNa kahA jA sakatA hai / parantu isakA prAkRta vyAkaraNa se sambandhita bhAga, apabhraMza vyAkaraNa, liMgAnuzAsana Adi sarvathA navIna aura prazasanIya haiM / bhASAzAstra ke vibhinna a go kA jitanA sAGgopAGga vivecana AcArya hemacandra ne isa eka hI grantha aura usake pariziSTo ( liMgAnuzAsana) zrAdi ko milAkara kara diyA, isake pahale koI bhI vaiyyAkaraNa aisA karane kA sAhasa na kara sakA thA / 1 praca, zloka 25, 26, 27

Page #30
20 ] kazmIra pradeza ke pATha vyAkaraNo ke magAne kI bAta ko lekara piNela jaise kucha pAzcAtya vidvAno ne prAcArya hemacandra kI maulikatA para AkSepa karanA cAhA hai| unakA yaha AkSepa hemacandra dvArA likhe gaye maskRta vyAkaraNa para bhale hI lAgU ho, parantu isI vyAkaraNa ke agabhUta prAkRta-vyAkaraNa, apabhra za-vyAkaraNa, dhAtupATha, gaNapATha, uNAdi sUtra, liMgAnuzAsana dezIzabdasagraha, paryAyavAcI zabdo kA saMgraha (abhivAna cintAmaNi) Adi isa bAta ko spaSTa kara dete haiM ki prAcArya hemacandra vyAkaraNa zAstra ke advitIya nAtA the / bhApA ke vibhinna agoM kA isa bhAti ekatra vivecana paramparA me kisI prAcArya ne nahIM kiyA hai| prabhAvaka carita me Age kI ghaTanAyeM bhI ullikhita haiM / 'hemacandra ne kAzmIra deza se lAye gaye pATho vyAkaraNa ke granyo kA bhalIbhAti adhyayana kara eka Azcaryajanaka eva sarvathA navIna vyAkaraNa gratha kI racanA kara dI, jisakA nAma 'siddha hemacandrazabdAnuzAsana'' rakhA gyaa| sabhI vyAkaraNa ke granyo meM ise zreSTha mAnA gayA / usa yuga ke paNDito ne bhI ise vyAkaraNa kA adhikArI gratha svIkAra kiyA / isa vyAkaraNa ke pratyeka pada ke anta me unhoMne cAlukyavagIya narezo kI prazasA meM eka-eka zloka likhA / pUre granya kI kaI pratiyA banAkara bhArata ke pratyeka pradeza me bhejI gyii| vIsa pratiyA kAzmIra deza bhI bhejI gayI jinhe 'vAgdevI' (marasvatI) ne bar3e sammAna ke sAtha apane pustakAlaya me rakhA / kAzmIra se lAye gaye ATha vyAkaraNa granyo kA muSTha jJAna rakhave vAle eka kAyastha vidvAna ko haimaNabdAnuzAsana ke adhyApana kA bhAra rAjya kI ora se sauMpA gayA / pratyeka mAsa ke zukla pakSa kI pacamI ko isase sambandhita parIkSAye lI jAtI thii| ina parIkSAmo meM saphala hone vAle vidyArthI rAjA kI ora se sammAnita kiye jAte the| apane vyAkaraNa kI isa prazasti ne hemacandra ko bahuta adhika utmAhita kiyA aura unhone aura bhI kaI grantha likhe / iname koNagranya kAvya ke ago ke vivecakagrantha tathA chanda Adi se sambandhita granya sammilita kiye jA sakate hai| inakA vistRta vivecana hemacandra kI racanAoM ke vivecana ke sandarbha me kiyA jaayegaa| 1 praca., zloka 96 2 vahI, 98-100 3 vahI, 101-111 4. vahI, 112-115

Page #31
[ 21 prabhAvakacarita kA uparyukta vivecana jayasiMha aura hemacandra ke mAhityika sambandho ko spaSTa karane ke liye paryApta hai / sakSepa me yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki hemacandra kA bhASAvid vyaktitva bahuta kucha jayasiMha ke samparka aura sahayoga se nirmita hai| prAca rya hemacandra kevala bauddhika hI nahI eka uccakoTi ke nItijJa eva dhArmika bhI the| nIti aura dharma ke kSetra me bhI jayasiMha prAcArya hemacandra se bahuta adhika prabhAvita the / isa Azaya ke vivaraNa prabhAvaka carita, kumArapAla prabadha tathA hemacandra aura jayasiMha se sambandhita anya pravandho me prApta ho jAte haiM / yahA sabhI kA ullekha na kara aisI hI eka ghaTanA kA ullekha samIcIna hogA mukti prApta karane kI icchA se eka bAra jayasiMha ne vibhinna dharmo ke jJAtAyo se Izvara, dharma aura mukti kA pAtra kauna ho sakatA hai Adi prazna apanI zakA ke rUpa me sAmane rakhe / pratyeka dharma ke paNDito ne apanI dhArmika mAnyatAoM ke anusAra ina tattvo kI vyAkhyA kI / jayasiMha kisI bhI kI vyAkhyA se saMtuSTa na ho ske| unhone hAra-thaka kara AcArya hemacandra kI zaraNa lI / AcArya ne unhe eka paurANika kathA sunAyI "zekhapura me zAmba nAmaka eka seTha aura yazomati nAma kI usakI strI rahatI thii| pati ne apanI patnI se aprasanna hokara eka dUsarI strI se vivAha kara liyaa| aba vaha navoDhA ke vaza me hokara becArI yazomati ko phUTI Akho se dekhanA bhI burA samajhane lagA / yazomati ko apane pati ke isa vyavahAra se baDA kaSTa huA aura vaha pratikAra kA upAya socane lgii| eka bAra koI kalAkAra gauDa deza se aayaa| yazomati ne pUrNa zraddhA bhakti me usakI sevA kI, aura usase eka aisI auSadhi le lI, jisake dvArA puruSa pazu vana sakatA thA / yazomati ne Avezavaza eka dina bhojana me milAkara ukta auSadhi ko apane pati ko khilA diyA, jisase vaha tatkAla baila bana gyaa| aba use apane isa adhUre jJAna para baDA dukha hayA aura vaha socane lagI ki baila ko puruSa kisa prakAra banAve / lajjita aura dukhita vaha jagala me pAsa vAlI bhUmi me eka vRkSa ke nIce baila rUpI pati ko ghAsa carAyA karatI thI aura baiThI-baiThI vilApa karatI rahatI thii| daivayoga se eka dina ziva aura pArvatI vimAna para baiThe hue AkAza mArga se jA rahe the / pArvatI ne usakA karuNa vilApa sunakara zakara bhagavAna se pUchA svAmina / isake du kha kA kAraNa kyA hai ? zakara ne pArvatI kA samAdhAna kiyA aura kahA ki isa vRkSa kI chAyA me hI isa prakAra kI auSadhi vidyamAna hai jisake sevana se yaha puna purupa bana sakatA hai| isa savAda ko yazomati ne bhI suna liyA / usane tatkAla hI

Page #32
22 ] usa chAyA ko resAkita kara liyA aura usake madhmavartI tamAma ghAma ke pra purI ko toDa-toDa kara vaila ke mukha meM DAla diyA / ghAsa ke sAtha zrIpadhi ke cale jAne para vaila puna purupa bana gyaa| isa prakAra prAcArya ne prAsyAna kA upasahAra karate hA kahA- "gajana,' / jisa prakAra nAnA prakAra kI ghAso ke mila jAne meM propadhi kI pahicAna nahIM ho sakI, usI prakAra isa yuga me kaI dharmoM ke pracalana se satya dharma nirobhUna ho rahA hai / parantu samasta dharmoM ke sevana se uma divya propadhi kI prApti ke mamAna puSpa ko kabhI na kabhI zuddha dharma kI prApti ho hI jAtI hai / jIva-dayA, satya-acIya prahAcayaM pIra aparigraha ke sevana se, binA kisI virodha ke, mamamta dharmoM kA pAgadhana ho jAtA hai|" isa kathA ke aAdhAra para prAcArya hemacandra kA eka sarvathA navIna dhArmika dRSTikoNa sAmane AtA hai / jaina dharma ke anuyAyI hote hue bhI unhe vimI dharma meM vidveSa nahI thA / prANimAtra ko ve dharma kI sImA se Upara mAnate the| mAnavahita sambandhI sabhI bAteM unhe mAnya haiM, bhale unakA ullekha jaina dharma meM na ho / ima prakAra sarvadharma samanvaya kI bhAvanA ne prAcArya hemacandra ko aura bhI uccAmana para baiThA diyA thA / dharma ke prati unakA yaha udAratApUrNa dRSTikoNa kaI sthalo para spaSTa hunA hai| somanAtha paTTana meM unake dvArA kI gayI ziva kI prArthanA unake isI dRSTikoNa kA pariNAma kahI jA sakatI hai| unhone apane "yAzraya kAvya"2 meM bhI kahA hai ki "jina" kA darzana ahata, ziva, viSNu aura brahmA sabhI meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| prAcArya hemacandra ke hI samAna unake pUrva ke kucha jainAcAryoM kA bhI dharma ke prati udAravAdI dRSTikoNa hai / cAlukyavazI bhIma prathama ke samakAlIna kavi jJAnadeva "ziva hI jina haiM" aisA kahakara apanA udAra dRSTikoNa prakaTa karate haiM / unake anusAra ziva aura jaina me bheda karanA mithyAmati mAtra hai| isI prakAra somezvara nAma ke jaina vidvAn bhI aisI hI dRSTi rakhate haiN| prAcArya hemacandra kA yaha vilakSaNa dhArmika dRSTikoNa unakI racanAyo me bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai / saskRta dvayAzraya kAvya kA samasta vAtAvaraNa sanAtanI hai tathA prAkRta dvayAzraya kAvya jaina dharma kA guNagAna karatA hai / isI prakAra anya kRtiyo me bhI unake udAra dhArmika dRSTikoNa ko parilakSita kiyA jA sakatA hai / prAcAya kA sampUrNa jIvanakAla bhI dhArmika samanvaya hI 1 2 3 prabhAvaka carita 70 yA kA, prathama adhyAya, zloka 79 surathotsava ke racayitA tathA bhavI vastupAla ke minna /

Page #33
[ 23 kahA jAnA caahie| ve jisa parivAra ke sadasya the usa parivAra me bhI bhinna-bhinna dharmo ko mAnane vAle loga sauhArda se rahate the / unake pitA zaiva the, mAtA tathA mAtula jaina the / ve jaina dharma me dIkSita hone ke bAda bhI jayasiMha jaise kaTTara zaiva nRpati ke sammAnanIya upadezaka rahe / hemacandra ke sAhityika jIvana kA uttarArddha bhAga kumArapAla ke Azraya me bItA / kumArapAla bhI zaiva thA / prAcArya ke udAra dRSTikoNa ne hI use jaina dharma kI sevA me rata kiyaa| isa prakAra AcArya hemacandra kA bauddhika jIvana hI nahI unakA vyAvahArika eva bhAvAtmaka jIvana bhI vibhinna dharmoM kI samanvayAtmaka dRDha nIva para sthita hai| astu prAcArya hemacandra ke prAdarza udAratAvAdI dhArmika dRSTikoNa ne jayasiMha ko bahuta adhika prabhAvita kiyA / prAkRta dvayAthayakAvya se hame isa prAzaya kI sUcanA mila jAtI hai ki jayasiMha ne "rudramahAlaya" kA punanirmANa (siddhapura me) karavAne ke bAda eka jaina mandira kA bhI nirmANa karAyA zrIra isakI dekhabhAla ke lie bahuta se brAhmaNo kI niyukti bhI kii| isa ghaTanA kI puSTi somaprabhAcArya ke "kumArapAla pratibodha" se bhI ho jAtI hai / arava ke eka bhUgolavettA "alaidarIsI" ke anusAra jIvana ke antima dino me jayasiMha jaina dharma kI ora AkRSTa ho rahA thA / usI se sUcanA milatI hai ki vaha buddha kI mUrti kI bhI pUjA karatA thA / parantu ina vivaraNo se yaha niSkarpa nahI nikAlA jA sakatA ki jayasiMha kisI dharmavizeSa kI ora AkRSTa thA / jayasiMha eka prajApAlaka rAjA thA / prajA dvArA mAne jAne vAle bhinna-bhinna dharmoM kA yathocita sammAna usakA rAjocita dharma thA / yadi jIvana ke antima dino me usakA vizeSa jhukAva jaina dharma kI ora thA to isakA kAraNa AcArya hemacandra aura inhI ke samAna vidvAn vIrAcArya tathA mAlAghArI hemacandra (eka anya hemacandra) Adi se samparka rahA hogA / vIrAcArya bacapana se hI jayasiMha ke mitra the / mAlAdhArI hemacandra ne bhI jayasiMha ko prabhAvita kara liyA thA / jayasiMha ne unhe dharmadhvaja phaharAne tathA jaina mandiro para aNDAkAra sunahare golaka rakhane kI prAjJA dI thii| mAlAdhArI hemacandra ne jayasiMha se eka tAmrapatra bhI prApta kiyA thA jisa para varSa ke 80 dino me jIvo kI hatyA na karane kA rAjyAdeza akita thA / isa prakAra jayasiMha jaise yogya rAjA ke darabAra me rahakara AcArya hemacandra ne apane sAhityika jIvana kA atyadhika mAga yApana karate hue apane mahAn vyaktitva kA nirmANa kiyA / ina do mahAn vyaktiyo ke ekatra sahayoga ne "aNahillapura" kI 1. DA. vUlara-lAipha mApha hemacandra, 484-84 noTa na 53

Page #34
24 ] mAhitya aura kalA sAdhanA ko ujjayinI grAdi prasiddha mAmgatika nagaro me bhI adhika U cAI para pahu cA diyA / prAcArya hemacandra aura kumArapAla prAcArya hemacandra kI sAhitya sAdhanA do mahAn rAjAmro kI chAyA ge parivaddhita eva vikasita huI / prathama rAjA middharAja jayasiMha (vi0 sa0 1151-1199) tathA dUsarA rAjA kumAra pAla jo ki siddhagaja ke bAda agahiralapura ke siMhAsana kA adhikArI huyA / ina dono rAjApro kI chatrachAyA me rahakara hemacandra ne apane grantha ratno kA nirmANa kiyA / middharAja aura hemacandra ke sambandho kI carcA Upara kI jA cukI hai yahA kumArapAla aura hemacandra ke sambandho para vistAra se vicAra kara lenA samIcIna hogaa| siddharAja jayasiMha ke pazcAt aNahillapura kI gaddI kA uttarAdhikArI koI nahI thA kyoki jayasiMha kI apanI koI bhI santAna nahIM thii| purAtana pravandha sagraha ke anusAra jayasiMha kI mRtyu ke bAda 18 dino taka rAjya siMhAsana para usakI pAdukA rakhI gyii| 19 veM dina kumAra pAla ne apane bahanoI kAnhaDadeva kI sahAyatA se usa para adhikAra prApta kiyA / kumAra pAla prApta pramANo ke AdhAra para jayasiMha kA bhatIjA thA parantu jayasiMha usakA kaTTara zatru thaa| apane jIvana ke antima dino me vaha varAvara kumArapAla ko maravA DAlane kA prayatna karatA rahA thA / jayamiha kI isa zatrutA kA kyA kAraNa thA ise jAnane ke lie kumAra pAla ke jIvana carita para sakSipta dRSTi DAla lenA anucita na hogA / prAcArya hemacandra ke sAtha usake prathama sAkSAtkAra kI samasyA bhI isI mandarbha me hala ho jaayegii| kumArapAla kumArapAla ke zAsanakAla tathA usake jIvana kA vistRta paricaya dene vAle aba taka 21 abhilekha gujarAta se prApta ho cuke hai / iname do tAmrapatro para tathA zepa zilAno para akita hai| iname 1151 tathA 1125 I0 ke do prastara lekha tayA 1156 I0 kA eka tAmrapatra kumAra pAla ke jIvana se savadhita vivaraNa prastuta karane vAle hai / zepa usake zAsana kAla kA vivecana prastuta karate haiM / kumAra pAla se jIvana kA vistRta paricaya sAhityika kRtiyo dvArA prApta hotA hai / iname tIna grantha svaya kumAra pAla ke samakAlIna haiM (1) prAcArya hemacandra kA prAkRta-dvayAzrayakAvya yA kumArapAla carita /

Page #35
[ 25 (2) somaprabhAcArya kA kumArapAla-pratibodha tathA moharAjaparAjaya nAmaka nATaka / / (3) svaya hemacandra ke anya grantho me prApta vivaraNa / AcArya ke chando'nuzAsana ke 20 zloka, dezI nAmamAlA yA ramaNAvalI ke 105 pada triSaSTizlAkApusSacarita kI kucha paktiyA isI grantha kA prazastiparva Adi sabhI kumArapAla ke jIvana para prakAza DAlate haiM / dayAzrayakAvya ke anusAra bhIma prathama ke baDe putra kA nAma kSemarAja thaa| choTe putra kA nAma karNa thA / kSemarAja ne apanI dhArmika vRtti ke kAraNa rAjya zAsana svIkAra na kara karNa ko saupa diyA aura maramvatI ke kinAre dadhisthalI me tapasyA karane lage / kSemarAja ko devaprasAda nAma kA eka putra thA / jaba karNa ne apanI gaddI middharAja ko saupI to usane use yaha nirdeza kiyA ki vaha deva prasAda para dayAdRSTi rakhate hue usakI dekhabhAla karatA rahe / parantu devaprasAda karNa ke sAtha hI paralokagAmI hapA / marane ke pahale usane apane putra tribhuvanapAla ko jayasiMha kI rakSA me choDa diyA thA / kumArapAla isI tribhuvanapAla kA putra thA / isI prakAra kA vivaraNa cittauDagaDha me prApta eka aprakAzita abhilekha tathA kumArapAla pratibodha me milatA hai / uparyukta ghaTanA ko eka aitihAsika tathya mAnane meM kucha ApattiyA avazya haiM / yadi kumArapAla jayasiMha ke hI parivAra kA thA to phira jayasiMha ne svecchA se use adhikAra kyo nahI de diyaa| vaha usako maravA DAlane ke lie kyo prayatnazIla rahA ? prabhAvaka carita me diye gaye kumArapAla se sambandhita vivaraNa se isa samasyA para thoDA prakAza paDatA hai ata usakA vivecana samIcIna hogA ___ "mahArAja bhIma ne apanI eka atyanta svAmibhakta dAsI bakulA devI yA caulA devI se vivAha kara liyaa| isa dAsI se haripAla nAma kA putra utpanna huA / haripAla ke putra kA nAma tribhuvanapAla thA / kumArapAla isI tribhuvanapAla kA putra thaa| mAtA kI ora se nimna varga kA hone ke kAraNa hI kumArapAla jayasiMha kI ghRNA kA pAtra bana gayA thA / 1 yazapAla kRt| prAkRmadva yAzraya kAvya-zloka sakhyA 70-771 3 isa abhilekha kA uddharaNa DA0 gaurIzakara hIrAcandra ojhA ne apane grantha "rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa (bhAga 1, pR0 318-19) me diyA hai / 4. prabhAvaka carita pR0 77 /

Page #36
___ 26 ] prAkRtadva yAzrayakAvya aura prabhAvaka-carita ke isa vivaraNa meM bahuna baDhA antara hai| rasikalAla sI0 pArisa ke anusAra "This account of Prabhavakcharita gives a cradiblc explanation of Jaisingha's hostile attitude to Kumarpal, but differs in its geneology from contemporary accounts? and Flatly contradicts D.K (Dvyashraya Kavya) according to which Kshamraj was fully legible for the throne. We don't know what was the authority of the PC (Prabhavak-Charit) for such a humiliating origin 10 a king who according to the Jaina sources was a Paramarhat (97HET) a great Jain King As it is we can not accept it in face of contemporary authorities "2 prabhAvaka caritra se hI milatA-julatA aura kucha Age baDhA hugrA vivaraNa jinamaNDala kRta kumArapAla pravandha me bhI milatA hai| kumArapAla ke samasta parivAra kA vivecana isa grantha kA atirikta vivaraNa haiM / zepa prabhAvaka carita kA hI anusaraNa hai| samasAmayika sAkSyo ke AdhAra para kumArapAla rAja parivAra se hI sambandhita thA / dayAzraya kAvya me kaI sthalo para use 'maimI" kahakara sambodhita kiyA gayA hai jisakA artha hai bhIma kA uttarAdhikArI / isa zakA kA samAdhAna to ho jAtA hai parantu jayasiMha aura kumArapAla kI zatrutA ke kAraNa kI samasyA jyo kI tyo banI rahatI hai / yaha bhI vivaraNa milatA hai ki 20 varSa kI avasthA taka kumArapAla jayasiMha ke hI pAzraya me rahA / parantu isI bIca jayasiMha usakA zatru ho gayA aura usako maravA DAlane kI cepTA karane lgaa| isa zatrutA kA eka mAtra kAraNa pratidvanditA kI bhAvanA thii| prabhAvaka carita ke anusAra kumArapAla jisa samaya (1199 vi0 sa0) me gaddI para baiThA usakI avasthA 50 varSa kI thI arthAt usakA janma 1149 vi0 sa0 me huyA thaa| 1149 vi0 sa0 me hI siddharAja jayasiMha siMhAsanArUDha hunA, usa samaya umakI avasthA kevala 8 varSa kI thI / isa taraha cAcA jayasiMha aura bhatIje kumArapAla kI avasthA me bahuta kama antara thA / jayasiMha ko 1. hemacandrakRta prAkRta yAzrayakAvya yazapAla kRta 'moharAjaparAjaya', somaprabhAcArya kRta 'kumAra pAlaprativogha' tathA A0 he0 ca0 dvArA anya grantho me diye gaye vivaraNa, samakAlIna hone ke kAraNa adhika vizvasanIya hai| 2 kAvyAnuzAsana bhUmikA pRSTha 9/9 /

Page #37
[ 27 kumArapAla dvArA siMhAsana chIna liye jAne kA Dara lagA rahatA rahA hogA ata vaha usako maravA DAlane me hI apanA kalyANa samajhatA thaa| "purAtana prabandha sagraha" ke anusAra kumArapAla ne mAra DAle jAne ke bhaya se 20 varSa kI avasthA me hI praNahillapura choDa diyA thA / vaha bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgo me ghUmatA rahA / sAta bAra kedAranAtha kI yAtrA kii| isa prakAra vaha 30 varSa taka chipakara apanI rakSA karatA rahA / ujjayinI me eka mocI kI dukAna para jayasiMha kI mRtyu kI carcA sunakara vaha puna ahillapura vApasa AyA / ' hemacandra aura kumArapAla kI prathama bheTa "siddharAja-jayasiMha se Dara kara prANa bacAkara bhAgatA huA kumArapAla stambhatIrtha pahu~cA / yahA para vaha udayana matrI aura prAcAya hemacandra se milA / dukhI kumArapAla ne prAcArya se pUchA-'prabho | kyA mere bhAgya me isI taraha kaSTa bhoganA likhA hai ki aura kucha bhI hai ? AcArya ne kahA-bhavatA kiyatApi tva kAlena kSitinAyaka / / -jayasiMha sUri kRta kumArapAlacarita prAcArya ke isa kathana para use vizvAsa nahIM huaa| sUrIzvara ne thoDI dera vicAra kara kahA--"mArgazIrSa kRSNa 14 vi0sa0 1116 me Apa rAjyAdhikArI hoge / merA yaha kathana kabhI asatya nahI ho sktaa|" yaha tithi unhoMne eka patraka para likhakara kumArapAla tathA udayana matrI dono ko de dii| isa para kumArapAla bolA-"prabho / yadi ApakA vacana satya hA to Apa hI pRthvInAtha hoge / maiM to Apake pAda padmo kA sevaka banU gA / "haMsate hae sUrIzvara bole "hame rAjya se kyA kAma ? yadi Apa rAjA hokara jaina dharma kI sevA karege to hame prasannatA hogii|" purAtana pravandha sagraha, pRSTha 38 / jinamaNDana kRta kumAra pAla prabandha me (pR0 18-22), isake pahale bhI eka bAra hemacandra aura kumArapAla kI bheMTa varNita hai-"eka bAra kumArapAla jayasiMha se milane gayA thaa| usane muni hemacandra ko vahA siMhAsana para baiThe dekhA / vaha unake vyaktitva se bahuta adhika prabhAvita huA aura unake bhApaNa kakSa me jAkara bhASaNa sunane lagA / usane AcAya se pUchA-manuSya kA sabase vaDA gaNa kyA hai ? AcArya ne kahA-'dUsaro kI striyo meM mA bahina kI bhAvanA rakhanA sabase baDA guNa hai|" yadi isa ghaTanA ko aitihAsika mAnA jAye to yaha sa0 1169 ke pahale rkI hogI yA lagabhaga isI samaya kI hogii| kyoMki isa samaya taka kamArapAla nizcita hokara jayasiMha ke rAjya me raha rahA thA / Upara kI kathA kA isa kathA se koI virodha bhI nahIM hai| kumArapAla kA ekAeka hemacandra se apanI samasyA kA samAdhAna pUchane kA Dhaga bhI batAtA hai ki vaha unase pUrva paricita thaa|

Page #38
___28 ] vimRzyAbhidaghe sUrinavADkezvaravatsare / catujhaM mArgazIrpasya zyAmAyA pupyage tithau / / 184 / / aparAle tavaizvarya yadi norjasvi jAyate, nimittAloka santyAsa (?) stAta . paramastume / / 185 / / pratijJAyeti sUrIndrastadA taddina parakam / lekhitvA pradadau tasmai sacivodayanAya ca / / 186 / / tena tasya surasyeva jJAnenAticamatkRta / / caulukyastamuvAceva ghaTitAjali majula // 187 / / yadyatattvadvaca satya tvameva kSitipastadA / aha tu tvatpadAmbhoja seviSye rAja hasavat / / 188 // vadantamiti ta sUrirjagI rAjyena kiM mama / bhAnuneva tvayobhAsya zazvajjaina matAmbujam // 189 / / -"kumArapAla carita" isake ThIka bAda hI jayasiMha ke AdamI kumArapAla ko DhUDhate hue phuNce| prAcArya ne vasati ke bhUmigRha (tahakhAne) me kumArapAla ko chipA diyA aura usake dvAra ko pustako se vanda kara diyA / tatpazcAt jaba jayasiMha kI mRtyu huI prAcArya kI bhaviSyavANI ke anusAra kumArapAla siMhAsanArUDha huA / yaha ghaTanA vi sa 1199 kI hai / isa samaya kumArapAla kI avasthA 50 varSa thii| kumArapAla ke rAjA ho jAne ke bAda hemacandra karNAvatI se ahillapura Aye / matrI udayana ne unakA pravezotmava kiyaa| unake yaha pUchane para ki kumArapAla unhe yAda karatA hai yA nahI ? matrI ne batAyA ki vaha prAcArya ko bhUla cUkA hai| isa para hemacandra ne kahA ki "aAja Apa jAkara rAjA se kahe ki vaha apanI nayI rAnI ke mahala me na jAye vahA Aja daivI utpAta hogA / " unhone matrI ko isa bAta ke lie samajhA diyA ki vaha bahuta pUchane para hI rAjA se yaha vatAyeM ki mere dvArA yaha vAta vatAI gaI hai / matrI ne jAkara rAjA se kahA / rAtri ko mahala para bijalI girI aura rAnI kI mRtyu ho gyii| camatkRta kumArapAla ko jaba AcArya dvArA batAI gaI isa camatkArapUrNa vAta kA patA calA, vaha atIva pramudita huA aura unhe vulAkara mahala me le AyA-usane apanI pratIjJA ke anusAra sUrIzvara ko rAjya dene kI icchA kI / sUri ne kahA-"rAjan agara Apa kRtajJatA smaraNa kara pratyupakAra karanA cAhate haiM to jaina dharma svIkAra kara usakA prasAra kreN| rAjA ne dhIre-dhIre yaha dharma svIkAra kiyA / usane apane rAjya me prANivagha, mAsAhAra, asatya bhASaNa, dhUta

Page #39
[ 29 vyamana, vezyAgamana, paradhanaharaNa Adi kA niSedha kara diyA / isa taraha apane jIvana ke antima samaya me kumArapAla ne hemacandra ke prabhAva se jaina dharma svIkAra kara liyA / DA0 bUlara' kI mAnyatA hai ki hemacandra kumArapAla se taba mile jaba usane rAjya prApta kara liyA thA / isa mata kI puSTi me ve "mahAvIra carita" ke 53 ve zloka kA mahArA lete haiM / isI grantha me hI yaha ullekha milatA hai jaba rAjya kA vistAra ho gayA aura sArI vijaye bhI prApta ho gayI isake bAda hI kumArapAla aura AcArya hemacandra samparka me Aye / DA0 vUlara prabandha sagraho dvArA diyA gayA vivaraNa aitihAsika nahI mAnate / DA0 vUlara ke isa mata kI AlocanA DA0 rasikalAla pArikha ne kI hai / unakA kathana hai ki apane mata kI sthApanA me DA0 vUlara ne mahAvIra carita' kejina zloko kA AdhAra lekara niSkarSa nikAlanA cAhA hai vaha sarvathA vivAdAspada hai / isake 45-51 taka ke zloka svaya kumArapAla aura usake sundara zAsana kA vivaraNa dete haiM zloka 52 me usake rAjya vistAra kA varNana prastuta kiyA gayA hai / 53-58 taka ke zloka AcArya hemacandra aura kumArapAla ke bIca pratyeka dina hone vAlI vArtA kA vivaraNa prastuta karate haiM DA0 bUlara ne bhrama se yaha samajha liyA ki dono ke bIca huI yaha vArtA prathama vArtA hai, parantu yaha unakI bhrAti mAtra hai / isa tathya se kevala itanA hI niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki isa taraha kI nitya hone vAlI vArtA avazya hI kumArapAla kI mahattvapUrNa vijayo ke bAda hI zurU huI hogI / pahale apanI vyastatA ke kAraNa kumArapAla ko isa taraha prAcArya ke upAzraya me baiThakara zikSA grahaNa karane kA avasara na milatA rahA hogA / prApta ullekho ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki hemacandra se pUrva paricita hote hue bhI arNorAja para AkramaNa karane ke bAda hI kumArapAla prAcArya tathA unake mAdhyama se jaina dharma se ghaniSTatama rUpa se sambandhita hone lagA thA / arNorAja para kiye gaye aAkramaNa me asaphalatA milane para kumArapAla ne apane matrI bAhaDa kI salAha se ajitanAtha svAmI kI pratimA kA sthApana samAroha kraayaa| isakI sArI vidhi prAcArya ne hI sampanna karAI lagabhaga vi sa 1207 taka kumArapAla jayasiMha ke purAne adhikAriyo dvArA kiye jAne vAle SaDayantro se nizcita hokara tathA yuddho se bhI chuTakArA pAkara dhIre-dhIre AdhyAtmikatA kI ora jhukane 1 DA0 balara lAipha Apha hemacandra, pR0 83-84 / 2 mahAvIracarita, pR0 34 / 3 kAvyAnuzAsana, bhUmikA, pRSTha mI0 sI0 ela0 33 /

Page #40
30 ] lagA thA aura usake isa parivartana meM prAcArya mananta kA vahana gAya gA niSkarSa rUpa me yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki hemacandra kA gampaka mApAra meM bAta pahale hI ho cukA thA aura rAjA hone ke lagabhaga 16 varSa bAda usa jaMga gamaM svIkAra kiyA, yahI kAraNa hai ki "miTilANakArapardhAnta' aura "bhiyAna. cintAmaNi" me hemacandra ne kumArapAla kI pragamni dI hai| jima prakAra siddharAja jayasiMha ko pracanA para macandra meM "giddha 2. zabdAnuzAsana" kI racanA kI thI usI prakAra kumArapAna ke prArthanA karane para kone "yogazAstra", "vItarAga stuti" "vipaSTinAzakAraparina" tathA "mAnacinnA mariNa" yAdi grantho kI racanA kI / hemacandra kA phumArapAla para prabhAva jayasiMha ke prasaga meM isa bAta kA uralesa kiyA jA cukA hai ki hemacandra jaina prAcArya hote hue bhI sabhI dharmoM kA samAna rUpa se prAdara karate the| unakI una bhAvanA kA prabhAva kumArapAla para bhI pahA / sambhAta me kumArapAla ne prAcArya meM samakSa yaha zarta mAna lI thI ki yadi vaha bhaviSyavANI ke anumAra nizcita samaya para rAjA ho gayA to jaina dharma kI sevA kregaa| isake atirikta 20 varSa kI avasthA se hI usa para prAcArya kI vidvattA kA prabhAva par3a cukA thaa| rAjya prApta karane ke vAda hemecandra kI icchAnusAra umane jaina dharma svIkAra bhI kara liyA / kumArapAla ne jaina dhama svIkAra diyA thA yA nahI isa bAta ko lekara cha vivAda bhI hai / zilAlekho me kumArapAla ko "mahezvaranupAgraNI" kahA gayA hai| ina pramANo ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA makatA hai ki yadyapi kumArapAla kI cilana dhArA meM parivartana AyA phira bhI usane apanI pAramparika pUjA paddhati ko pUrI taraha nahI choDa diyA / yajJo prAdi ke avasara para ubhane pazubali bhale hI banda karA dI ho lekina apane kaladeva ziva kA sadaiva bhakta banA rahA / kumArapAla prAcArya hemacandra ko apanA guru mAnatA thaa| jaina dharma kI acchAiyo ko dekhakara usakA sammAna bhI karatA thA / kaI avasaro para usane jaina mandiro meM pUjA bhI apita kI / parantu usane pUrNata jaina dharma svIkAra kara liyA thA isa bAta kA aitihAsika pramANa virodha karate haiN| pratyeka rAjA kA yaha kartavya hotA hai ki vaha apane rAjya ke sabhI 1 nipaSTizalAkA purupacarita me hemacandra ne kumArapAla ko 'paramAhata' kahakara sambodhita kiyA hai| 2. kumArapAla ke zAsanakAla meM likhA gayA bhAvavRhaspati kA shilaalep| isakA ullekha rasika lAla sI pArikha ne kAvyAnuzAsana ko bhUmikA pR0 287 para kiyA hai|

Page #41
[ 31 dharmoM kI samRddhi me yoga dene ke sAtha hI unakA sammAna bhI kare / rAjA hone ke bAda kumArapAla ne bhI isI paramparA kA pAlana kiyaa| ina aitihAsika pramANo se alaga kucha sAhityika pramANa aura svaya prAcArya hemacandra kI uktiyA haiM jinase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kumArapAla ne apane jIvana ke antima dino me jaina dharma svIkAra kara liyA thaa| yazapAla dvArA racita "moharAja parAjaya" nAmaka nATaka me kumArapAla ke sAtvika aura AdhyAtmika jIvana kI pUrNa jhAkI milatI hai / ata kumArapAla ne jaiva dharma svIkAra kara liyA thA, isame AzakA nahI rahatI / rAjA kumArapAla ne aneka mandira banavAye / bhinna-bhinna sthAno para 1440 vihAra banavA kara dharma pracAra ke lie bahuta baDA prayAsa kiyA / yadi ina dono mato ko ekatra samanvita kara dekhA jAye to yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki kumArapAla yadyapi jIvana bhara zaiva thA phira bhI hemacandra ke prabhAva se usane apane jIvana ke antima dino me jaina dharma me AsthA dikhAyI hogI / kumArapAla ke jIvana me AcArya hemacandra kA bahata baDA sthAna thaa| ve usake pUjya dharma guru hI __ nahI, rakSaka bhI the / ata unakA sammAna karane ke lie kumArapAla dvArA jaina dharma kA svIkAra kiyA jAnA na to asabhava hI lagatA hai aura na asagata hI / "triSaSTizalAkA puruSacarita" kI prazasti se upayukta tathya aura bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai_ "cedi dazArNa, mAlavA, kuru, sindhu ityAdi durgama pradezo kA vijetA cAlukyarAjA kumArapAla jo mUlarAja kA uttarAdhikArI tathA paramArhata thA eka dina AcArya ke samakSa vinamratApUrvaka jhukakara kahane lagA munizreSTha | Apake dvArA AjJA pAkara maiMne apane rAjya me una sabhI kAryo ko banda karA diyA hai jo naraka kI aora le jAne vAle hai jaise juA khelanA, madirA pInA, ni satAna matavyakti kI sampatti kA haDapa lenA Adi / maiMne pRthvI ko arhata (jaina) mandiro se bhara diyA hai prAdi / ' ___ ina sabhI pramANo ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki kumArapAla ke jIvana para hemacandra kA bahuta bar3A prabhAva thaa| "prabandha koza" ke anusAra kumArapAla rAjanaitika mAmalo me bhI hemacandra kI salAha letA thA, yahA taka ki rAjya zAsana ke uttarAdhikAra se sambandhita samasyAe bhI vaha prAcArya ke sAmane rakhatA thA / 1 triSTizalAkApuruSacarita-zloka pRSTha 16-18 /

Page #42
32 1 dUsarI anya bAteM jinakA sambandha prajA ke kalyANa se rahatA thA, ve bhI prAcArya kI / AjJA lekara kI jAtI thii| prAcArya hemacandra aura usa yuga ke anya syAti prApta vyaktitva siddharAja jayasiMha aura kumArapAla se do parAkramI rAjAno se ghaniSTatama rUpa se sambandhita hone ke atirikta hemacandra usa yuga ke anya prasiddha logo se bhI acchI taraha paricita the / aise logo me buddhimAna matrI udayana aura umake putra vAhaDa tathA pAbhaDa Adi inase nikaTatama rUpa se sambandhita the| jaina dharma ke vidvAno ke atirikta ve anya dharma ke mAnane vAle vidvAno se bhI acchI taraha paricita the| bhAgavata dharma ke prasiddha vidvAn devavodha ke ve bahuta baDe prazasaka the / devabodha aura zrIpAla me maitrI karAne me inhone bahuta baDI mahAyatA kI / hama pahale isa bAta kA ullekha kara cuke haiM ki prAcArya hemacandra ke samaya kA gujarAta vidvAno se bharA hugrA thaa| Aye dina vidvAno me vivAda hote rahate the| prAcArya hemacandra bhI ina vivAdo me sammilita hote the parantu apane prabhAva ke kAraNa inakI kabhI kisI se kaTutA nahI huI / kevala "zrAmiga" nAma ke vidvAn, eka aise vyakti the jinase hemacandra ke sambandha acche nahI batAye jAte / inake kaI ziSya' bhI the| prabhAvaka carita ke anusAra prAcArya hemacandra kI mRtyu 84 varSa kI paripakva avasthA me vi sa 1229 (1173) me huI thI / kumArapAla kI mRtyu inakI mRtyu ke cha mahIne bAda 1174 I me huI thii| prAcArya kI mRtyu se kumArapAla ko bahuta vahA dhakkA lagA / prAcArya hemacandra kI racanAeM "prAcArya hemacandra kA vyaktitva bahumukhI thA / ye eka sAtha hI mahAn santa, zAstrIya vidvAn, vaiyAkaraNa, dArzanika, kAvyakAra, yogya lekhaka aura loka caritra ke amara sUdhAraka the / jaina dharma paramparA inhe eka avatArI puruSa ke rUpa me mAnakara -- i Hemchandra had a group of Disciple who were very learned and who helped him in his work of these Ramchandra (rAmacandra) deserves special mention He is reputed to be the author of hundred Prabandhas that is composition Some of his plays are published, they are good as literature and show considerable skill 10 the technique af play writing His Natya Darpana (nATyadarpaNa) a work of Dramaturgy has been published .. His kumarviharsatak (kumAravihArazataka) is a fine description." -Introduction to Kavyanusasan. pp CCXIC & CCXC

Page #43
[ 33 inake dvArA praNIta asakhya grantho kA ullekha karatI hai / kahI-kahI to inhe lagabhaga sADhe tIna karoDa eloko kA nirmAtA batAyA gayA hai / parantu hemacandra ke nAma se milane vAlI aisI racanAo me aneko sadigdha hai / aba taka kI khojo ke AdhAra para unake jitane prAmANika grantha sAmane Aye haiM unhe dekhakara yaha kahanA paDatA hai ki sacamuca ve "kalikAla sarvajJa" the / unakI vividha jJAna-vijJAna tathA sAhitya aura kalA Adi se sambandhita racanAyo ko dekhakara Azcarya cakita raha jAnA paDatA hai / eka hI vyakti dvArA itane sAre grantho kA nirmANa vaha bhI atyadhika vistAra se bhAratIya sAhitya paramparA ke lie eka nayI bAta thii| "triSaSTizalAkA purupacarita" kI prazasti me prAcArya hemacandra apanI pramukha racanAo kA ullekha svaya karate haiM / vahA kumArapAla hemacandra ke dvArA dI gaI AjJAyo kA pAlana karane ke bAda Akara AcArya ko unakA Adeza pUrA ho jAne kI sUcanA dene ke bAda unake dvArA siddharAja jayasiMha ke rAjyakAla me tathA svaya apane rAjyakAla me race gaye grantho kI sUcanA dene ke bAda AcArya se jaina tIrthaDuro ke jIvana se sambandhita eka lokahitakArI grantha ke nirmANa kI prArthanA karatA hai / usakI prArthanA ke anusAra hemacandra ne 63 mahApuruSo kI jIvana kathAo kA samAhAra triSaSTizalAkA puruSacarita me kiyA / isa vivaraNa ke AdhAra para hemacandra ke sAta grantho kA ullekha isa prakAra hai - (1) siddhahaimazabdAnuzAsana-usakI vRni tathA vyAkhyA bhii| (2) yoga zAstra / (3) dayAzraya kAvya / (4) chando'nuzAsana / (5) kAvyAnuzAsana / (6) nAma sagraha-iname abhidhAnacintAmaNi-dezInAmamAlA ityAdi koSa grantha Ate haiN| (7) triSaSTizalAkA purupacarita / ye racanAe kAlakrama se variNata nahI haiM / "kumArapAlapratibodha" ke racayitA somaprabhasUri aura "moharAjaparAjaya" nATaka ke racayitA yazapAla kI sUcanAo ke AdhAra para hemacandra kI tIna anya kRtiyA bhI prApta hotI haiM (8) vItarAga stuti / (9) dvAtriMzikA / (stotra) (10) pramANa miimaasaa|

Page #44
__34 ] ina mahattvapUrNa racanAyo ke atirikta aneko choTI-choTI racanAyo kA uralesa bhI prApta ho jAtA hai| vipaya kI dRSTi me prAcArya kI racanAe atyanta vistRta aura vividhatA liye hue haiN| siddhahaimazabdAnuzAsana ___ "siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana' kI racanA ke kAraNo para vistAra se prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai| aba taka prApta pramANo ke AdhAra para yaha prAcArya hemacandra kI prathama racanA hai / isa grantha kI racanA eka varSa ke andara huI thI / aisA ullekha prabhAvaka carita meM AtA hai / parantu yaha marvadhA asambhava mA lagatA / hA itanA to nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki isakI racanA siddharAja kI mRtyu arthAt vi sa 1199 yA 1143 I ke pahale ho cukI thii| siddhahamazabdAnusAna kA svarUpa siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana ke kula pAca bhAga haiM (1) sUtra, (2) gaNa pATha (3) dhAtu pATha (4) uNAdi sUtra (5) liMgAnuzAsana / paramparA me jitane bhI vyAkaraNa grantha likhe gaye the, uname sUtra kisI ke dvArA likhA gayA, to vRtti kisI anya ne likhI / gaNa pATha, uNAdi sUtra, liGgAnuzAsana Adi bhI bhinna-bhinna vyaktiyo dvArA praNIta hue, parantu siddhahema vyAkaraNa ke ye sAre bhAga eka vyakti kI racanA hai / yaha eka vizeSa ullekhanIya bAta hai| itanA hI nahI prAcArya hemacandra ne apane dvArA race gaye sUtro para laghu tathA vRhadvRttiyA bhI svaya hI likhI / isa prakAra saMskRta ke vibhinna vaiyAkaraNo, pANini, maTTojidIkSita aura bhaTTi kA kArya akele hI hemacandra ne sampAdita kiyA / isa zabdAnuzAsana kI mahattA eka bAta me aura bhI hai ki isame saskRta vyAkaraNa ke sAtha hI prAkRta kA bhI vyAkaraNa samAhita hai / isake prArambha ke sAta adhyAya saskRta vyAkaraNa se sambandhita haiM / antima pAThavA adhyAya prAkRta vyAkaraNa kA AkhyAna karatA hai / isa granya ke pUraka rUpa me dhAtu pATha, gaNapATha, uNAdisUtra aura liGgAnuzAsana kA AkhyAna kara dene ke bAda bhI prAcArya ko satoSa nahI huA / unhone tatkAlIna rAjAmo jayasiMha aura kumArapAla ke carita ko lekara eka adbhuta grantha " yAzraya kAvya' kI bhI racanA kI / jisake zurU ke adhyAya cAlukya vazIya rAjAo kI kIrti kA khyApana karane ke sAtha hI saskRta zabdAnuzAsana ke sUtro kI vyAkhyA 1. dekheM prastuta pravadha ke isI adhyAya kA siddharAja jayasiMha AcArya hemacandra" prasaga / 2. AcArya hemacandra kI racanAo kA tithikrama nirdhAraNa Age kiyA jaayegaa|

Page #45
[ 35 bhI prastuta karate hai / antima jise "prAkRta ha yAzraya kAvya" kahA jAtA hai-kumArapAla se sambandhita hai / isame prAkRta vyAkaraNa se sambandhita sUtro kI vyAkhyA prastuta karane ke sAtha hI kumArapAla kA yaza bhI vaNita hai / saskRta aura prAkRta vyAkaraNa kI racanA ke bAda prAcArya ne apabhra za vyAkaraNa kI bhI racanA kii| apabhra za bhApA kI durUhatAgro ko samajhAne ke lie prAcArya ne jo apabhra za kI gAthAe' sayojita kI haiM / ve unakI adbhuta pratibhA kA digdarzana karAne ke lie kAphI haiM / isa prakAra prAcArya hemacandra ne vyAkaraNa sambandhI kamiyo ko dUra karate hue eka hI anya me sava kucha dekara saskRta aura usase ni sRta bhASAmo ke vyAkhyAna me abhUtapUrva yoga diyA / siddhahaimazabdAnuzAsana me kula pATha adhyAya haiM / pratyeka adhyAya cAra cAra pAdo me vibhAjita hai / isame kula 4685 sUtra hai / iname 3 566 sUtra saskRta vyAkaraNa se tathA 1119 sUtra prAkRta bhApA ke vyAkaraNa se sambandhita haiN| ina sUtro para prAcArya ne ladhuvRtti aura vRhadvRtti nAma kI do vRttiyA (vyAkhyAe yA TIkAe) bhI likhI hai / ghAtupArAyaNa uNAdi tathA liGgAnuzAsana (vRhaTTIkA sahita) vRttiyo sahita isa grantha ke pUraka bhAga hai / DA0 pArikha ne usI grantha para likhe gaye eka "vRhatryAsa" nAmaka grantha kI bhI sUcanA dI hai jisakA thoDA sA bhAga pa bhagavAnadAsa doSI dvArA khoja kara sampAdita bhI kiyA gayA hai / paramparA me calane vAlI carcAo ke AdhAra para yaha grantha 84000 zloka pramANa thaa| isake prApta bhAga ko dekhakara yaha bAta satya bhI pratIta hotI hai / isa grantha kA nirmANa bahuta kucha patajali ke mahAbhASya ke anurUpa kiyA gayA lagatA hai| siddhahaimazabdAnuzAsana ke atyanta vistata bAhyarUpa kA vivecana ho jAne ke bAda isake prAntarika rUpa kA pratipAdana bhI asagata na hogA / yadi hama isa vyAkaraNa ke nirmANa ke uddezya kI ora dekhe to hame patA calatA hai ki prAcArya hemacandra ne paThanIya vyAkaraNa kI durUhatAo se bacane ke lie isa ,vyAkaraNa kI racanA kI hai| isa vAta ko unhone siddhahaima ke prathama adhyAya me prathama pAda ke tRtIya sUtra "lokAta"3 me spaSTa kii| unhe vyAkaraNa zAstra ke lie laukika vyavahAra kI upayogitA abhISTa hai / isI prakAra sadhiprakaraNa-samAsa prakaraNa tathA sajJAno Adi ke prakaraNo me unakI kucha nijI upalabdhiyA haiM / pANini dvArA praNIta aSTAdhyAyI 1 apabhra za vyAkaraNa me udAharaNa ke ke rUpa me Aye hue dohe AcArya kRta nahI haiN| aisA vidvAno kA mata hai| 2 kAvyAnuzAsana-bhUmikA, 40 sI0 sI0 eksa0 sI0 3 3 si0 hai0-11113

Page #46
___36 ] tathA anya pAramparika jainendra Adi vyAkaraNo kI dulhatAo ko dUra karanA hI unakA pramukha uddezya thA / pANini ne dIrgha saghi kA AkhyAna "aka savarNe dIrgha" kaha kara kiyA thaa| yaha sUtra sAmAnya pAThaka kI samajha me tava taka nahIM pA sakatA jaba taka ki vaha "mAhezvara-pratyAhAra sUtra"1 kA bhalI bhAti pArAyaNa na kara le / prAcArya ne isI bAta ko atyanta sarala zabdo me pratipAdita kara diyA- samAnAnA tena dIrya 11211 / isa prakAra AcArya hemacandra kA yaha vyAkaraNa granya unake gahana eva vistRta adhyayana kA pariNAma hone ke sAtha hI vibhinna stara ke vyAkaraNa paDhane vAlo ke lie atyanta sarala bhI hai / paramparA me calI grAtI huI aneko kamiyo kI pUrti isa eka hI granya ne kara dii| isa granya ko lekara kucha logo ne yaha bhI kahane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki isame viSayagata maulikatA nahIM hai / AcArya hemacandra ne pANini tathA anya samkRta aura prAkRta vaiyAkaraNo dvArA kahI gayI vAto kA punarAsthAna mAtra kara diyA hai / parantu yadi dhyAna se dekhA jAye to yaha tarka hemacandra ke pakSa me hI pAtA hai / hemacandra kA uddezya yaha nahIM thA ki ve sarvayA navIna vyAkaraNa zAstra kI racanA kareM ve to cAhate the ki paramparA me pracalita vyAkaraNa grantho kI dulhatAyo ko dUra kara unhe marvajana mavaidya banAyA jAye / vyAkaraNagata duruhatApro ke jJAna ke lie hI unhone kAzmIra pustakAlaya se pATha vyAkaraNa ke granya magAye the| unakA gambhIra adhyayana kara unhoMne vyAkaraNika middhAnto kA pratipAdana saralatama rUpa me kiyA / uname viSayagata navInatA bhale hI na ho parantu unakI pratipAdana zailI to maulika hai hii| isake atirikta prAkRta aura apabhra za bhASAmro ke vyAkaraNa kA eka samAhAra bhI unakI / maulikatA hI kahI jAyegI / apabhra za bhASA kA sarvaprathama hemacandra ne hA vivecana kiyaa| ima prakAra 'haimaNabdAnuzAmana' prAcArya hemacandra kI eka abhUtapUrva vyAkaraNika kRti hai jimakA joTa na to paramparA meM kahI prApta aura na mambhavataH prApta hI hogaa| prAcArya hemacandra ke kopa grantha . mammata aura prAkana zabdAnugAmana kI mamApti ke bAda prAcArya hemcandra ne mampana tathA deNI gando kA prArapAna karane ke liye kopa grantho kI racanA kI / "abhimAnacinlAmariNa ke prArambha meM unhone baya hI kahA--" apane prazo sahita mayAnugAmana kA nirmANa karane ke bAda mai nAmamAlA (samA zabdo ke mamUha) kA mAndhAna paratA hai / iname kucha nAmapada aise haiM jinako vyutpatti nahIM dI jA sakatI, 1. nAga na jAdi /

Page #47
[ 37 kucha ko zubhatti vyAkaraNa nammata hai / kucha kI vyAkaraNa mammata hai bhI aura nahI bhI hai|" nAma pado ke isa magaha unya kA nAma hemacandra "abhidhAna cintAmaNi" dete hai / ina paripATI para lice gare unake adholikhita granya prApta hote hai (2) abhivAnanintAmagi yaha maskRta ke amara-kopa kI bhAti eka zabda kA maneko paryAya dyotita karane vAlA koSa hai / hemacandra kA yaha koSa-grantha amara-koSa ke samAna hI pramida hupA / maskRta mAhitya paramparA me "hemacandrazcarudrazcAmaro'ya manAnana" kahakara inake uma grantha kI mahattA svIkAra kI gayI hai / hemacandra ne "tatvabodha vidhAyinI" nAma kI eka TIkA bhI svaya hI isa granya para likhI / (3) anekArthamAha - eka zabda ke praneko paryAyavAcI zabdo kA abhidhAna kara cukAne ke bAda prAcArya ne eka hI gada ke kaI proM se sambanvita kopa grantha kA bhI nirmANa kiyaa| yaha kopa cha, pracyAyo me vibhAjita hai / isa kApa kI TIkA hemacandra ke nippa mahendramUri ne svaya hemacandra ke nAma se likhI hai / (4) dezI nAmamAlA jisa prakAra "zabdAnuzAsana" me prAkRta vyAkaraNa se mambannita eka adhyAya joDakara hemacandra ne usa vyAkaraNa grantha ko adbhuta aura sarvathA navIna banA diyA thA usI prakAra kopa-zAstra ko pUrNa aura navIna banAne ke liye unhone detI zabdo kA ekatra makalana kara eka navIna grantha nirmita kara diyA / isa grantha kA dUsarA nAma "ramaNAvalI" bhI hai / isakI TIkA bhI inhone svaya hI likhii| gando kA udAharaNa prastuta karane vAle dohe bhI inhI dvArA race gaye batAye jAte hai| (5) nighaNTu-prAcArya hemacandra ne vanaspatiyo ke nAmo ko lekara eka sarvathA navIna kopa kA nirmANa bhI diyA / ise hI unhone nighaNTu nAma diyaa| hemacandra ke nighaNTu para aba taka koI TIkA prApta nahIM huI hai| isa prakAra samasta azo aura unakI vRttiyo sahita haimavyAkaraNa tathA cAra uparyukta kopo kA nirmANa kara prAcArya hemacandra ne apanA zabdAnuzAsana yA zabda vinAna zAstra sampUrNa kiyA / itane vistRta eva mahattvapUrNa kArya ko pUrNa kara hemacandra ne gujarAta ke vidyAgaurava ko U cA uThAyA aura sAtha hI vahA~ ke adhyetAyo ke lie mApA ke sarala eva subodha mArga kA nirmANa kArya bhI sampanna kiyaa| prAcArya hemacandra ne ina mahAn granyo kI racanA kara siddharAja jayasiMha kI abhyarthanA pUrNa kara 1 anekArtha magraha, pa0 86 eDiTeDa bAI da Th. Tachriac 2 vistRta paricaya ke liye prastuta pravandha kA 'dvitIya adhyAya' dekheN| 3 isa viSaya para vibhinna vidvAn eka mata nahIM haiM-vistRta carcA dvitIya adhyAya meM kI gaI hai|

Page #48
38 ] dI / prakArAntara se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki prAcArya hemacandra kI saphalatA kA bahuta kucha zreya siddharAja kI "abhyarthanA" aura usake dvArA dI gaI suvidhApro ko hai / gujarAta ke pro rAmanArAyaNa pAThaka nAmaka eka kavi ne apanI "raNakadevI" nAmaka kavitA meM kahA hai hamapradIpapragaTAvI sarasvatIno mArthakyakI nija nAmanu siddharAje / / sarasvatI kA hema rUpI pradIpa jalAkara siddharAja ne apane nAma ko sArthaka kara diyaa| (6) hayAzrayakAvya / hemacandra kRta dyAyaya kAya 20 magoM meM vibhAjita hai / isake antima pAca sarga "prAkRta yAzraya kAvya" yA kumArapAla kA vivaraNa prastuta karane ke kAraNa "kumArapAla carita" ke nAma se abhihita kiye jAte haiN| pUrA grantha eka mahAkAvya hone ke sAtha hI hemazabdAnuzAsana me a.ye hue vyAkaraNika sUtro kI vyAkhyA bhI prastuta karatA hai / isa kAvya kI racanA zabdAnuzAsana kI racanA samApta ho jAne ke bAda zurU huI hogI / kAvya ke teraha mana kumArapAla ke zAsana ke pahale ke hai / 34vA sarga kumArapAla ke rAjyakAla ke prArambhika bhAga meM likhA gayA lagatA hai / zepa sarga to nizcita rUpa se kumArapAla ke hI rAjyakAla meM likhe gaye / ___ yaha kAvya apahillapura ke cAlukyavazI rAjApo kA vistRta vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai / isakA vivaraNa aitihAsika tathyo para nirdhArita hone ke kAraNa mA ya bhI hai / jina prakAra anta ke pAtra moM meM kumArapAla kA varNana hone ke kAraNa unhe "kumArapAla carita" sanA dI gayI hai usI prakAra pUre kAvya ko cAlukyavazI rAjAmo kA vivaraNa prastuta karane ke kAraNa 'cAlukyavazotkIrtana" nAma bhI diyA gayA hai| (7) pATayAnuzAsana : yaha kAvyAgo kA vivecana prandana karane vAlA mammaTa ke kAvya prakAza kI parampaga me liyA gayA alakAra zAstra kA grantha hai| hemacandra ne nvaya hI sUtra, alakAra cUTAmagi nAma kI vRtti aura viveka nAma kI TIkA bhI likhI hai / isame mammaTa kI apekSA kAvya ke prayojana hetu aryAlakAra guNa, dopa dhvani Adi siddhAnto kA hemacandra ne vistAra se vivecana kyiA hai| kAvyAnuzAnana me kula pATha adhyAya aura 208 sUtra haiM / adhyAya krama se mUroM ko saMnyA isa prakAra hai

Page #49
35 prathama adhyAya me 25 sUtra, dvitIya me 59, tRtIya meM 10, caturtha me 9, pacama meM 9, paSTha me 31, saptama me 52 aura aSTama me 13 sUtra haiM / ina sImita 208 sUtro me hI prAcArya hemacandra ne samasta saskRta kAvyazAstra kA suspaSTa vivecana prastuta kara diyA hai / ina choTe choTe sUtro kA vista' ra alakAra cUDAmariNa nAmaka vRtti me bhalIbhAti prApta ho jAtA hai / isa alakAra "cUDAmaNi" nAmaka vRtti kA bhI vistAra granthakAra ne "viveka" nAmaka TIkA ke rUpa se kiyA hai / hemacandra svaya hI vRtti ko "pratannayate" (Extended) aura Ta kA (viveka) ko "pravitanyate" (Extended in detail) kahakara spaSTa kara dete hai / viveka TIkA kI racanA unhone durUha sthalo kI vyAkhyA aura navIna tathyo ke saketa ke lie kI aura isa kArya me ve bahuta kucha saphala bhI hai / samasta kAvyAnuzAsana me diye gaye uddharaNo kI sakhyA 16321 hai / saskRta kA vyazAstra ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se bhI yaha kRti bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| pUre grantha me hemacandra ne 50 ke lagabhaga granthakAro aura lagabhaga 81 grantho kI sUcanA dI hai |iske atirikta kucha uddharaNa aise bhI haiM jinake mUla grantha aura granthakAra kA nAma nahIM prApta hotA / ina grantho aura granthakAro tathA vibhinna uddharaNo se sambandhita sUcanAe DA pArikha ne kAvyAnuzAsana pR 521-526 se de dI haiM / viSaya vastu-prathama adhyAya ke prathama sUtra me mAgalika namaskAra ke bAda dvitIya sUtra me hemacandra apane isa grantha kA prayojana batAte haiM / tRtIya sUtra kavitA ke uddezya kA AkhyAna prastuta karatA hai-kAvya kA uddezya hai Ananda, yaza, aura kAntAtulya upadeza / cauthe sUtra me kAvya kA kAraNa pratibhA batAyA gayA hai| 5ve aura chaThe sUtra me "pratibhA" kI jaina dharma sammata vyAkhyA prastuta kI gayI hai| 11vA sUtra kAvya-prakRti kA nirNAyaka hai / kAvyAnuzAsana kA dvitIya adhyAya rama, bhAva, rasAbhAsa aura bhAvAbhAsa tathA kAvya koTiyo ke nirdhAraNa se sambandhita hai / tRtIya adhyAya ke dasa sUtro me kAvyadopo kA vivecana hai / caturtha adhyAya kAvya-guNo kA pAkhyAna prastuta karatA hai / pAcavA adhyAya cha zabdAlakAro se sambandhita hai / chaThe adhyAya me ikkIsa arthAlakAro kA vivecana hai| isame kucha alakAro kI paribhASA atyanta manorama eva viziSTa hai / jaise upamA kI "hRdyam sAdharmyam upamA / " sAtavA adhyAya kAvyagata caritro kA vivecana prastuta karatA hai-jaise nAyaka pratinAyaka, nAyikA Adi / AThavA adhyAya pravandhAtmaka kAvya bhedo kA upasthApana 1 kAvyAnuzAsana-bhUmikA, pR0 sI0 sI0 sI0 15 (315)

Page #50
401 karatA hai / isake antargata zravya aura dRzya kAvya kA vistRta vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra "kAvyAnuzAsana" saskRta kAvyazAstra kI sarala, suvodha vyAkhyA prastuta karane me atyanta saphala hai / (8) chando'nuzAsana isa anya me saskRta prAkRta eva apabhra za sAhitya ke chando kA suSTha nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / mUla grantha sUtro me hai / hemacandra ne svaya hI isakI vyAkhyA bhI likhI hai / chando kA udAharaNa inhoMne apanI maulika racanAyo dvArA diyA hai| (9) pramAraNamImAsA yaha prameya aura pramANa kA vistRta vivecana prastuta karane vAlA nyAyazAstra kA granya hai / anekAntavAda, pAramArthika pratyakSa kI tAtvikatA, indriyajJAna kA vyApArakrama, parokSa ke prakAra, nigraha syAna yA jaya-parAjaya-vyavasthA, prameya pramAtA kA svarUpa eva marvajJatva kA samarthana Adi viSayo para vicAra kiyA gayA hai / (10) viSTi zalAkA purupa carita yaha grantha purANa aura kAvya-kalA kA ekatra samanvaya hai / imame jaina dharma ke 24 tIrtha karo 12 cakravartI, 9 nArAyagA, 9 pratinArAyaNa tathA 9 valadeva kula 63 vyaktiyo ke carita kA varNana hai / yaha granya prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa kI gavepaNA me atyanta mahAyaka grantha hai| (11) yogazAstra evaM stotra yaha pAtajannayogabhASya ke samAna jaina zabdAvalI meM likhA gayA uccakoTi kA yogazAstrIya granya hai / zailI meM patajali kA anukaraNa hote hue bhI viSaya gaura usake varNana krama meM maulikatA hai / cItarAga, mahAvIra stotra aura stotra dvAtrizikA hemacadra ke uccakoTi ke stotra-granya haiM / prAcArya hemacandra kI racanApro kA tiyiphrama prAcArya hemacandra ne apanI racanAyo ke prama kA nirdeza karate hue bhI kisI bhI racanA kI koI nizcita tithi nahI dii| prAcArya hemacandra ke jIvana se savadhita paTanAgro kA ullekha karane vAle kimI unake anya samakAlIna grantha me bhI unakI racanAyo meM tithi nirNaya para vicAra nahIM kiyA gyaa| DA0 vUlara ne hemacandra ko ] mA vAmanada, 401

Page #51
[ 41 racanAyo ke tithikrama kA nirdhAraNa karane kA prayAsa kiyA aura ve bahuta kucha isa prayAsa me saphala bhI haiN| 'siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana' kI prazasti me eka tIrthayAtrA kA ullekha dekhakara DA0 bUlara ne yaha niSkarSa nikAlA ki isa tIrtha yAtrA ke bAda kabhI bhI isa vyAkaraNa kI racanA pUrNa haI hogii| ve isakA racanAkAla isa tIrtha yAtrA aura mAlavA vijaya ke bIca rakhate haiM / ina dono ke bIca unhone do varSa kA samaya diyA hai| DA0 bUlara jayasiMha ke mAlavA se lauTane kA samaya vi. sa 1194 yA 1138 I batAte hai / isa prakAra isa vyAkaraNa grantha kI racanA lagabhaga vi. sa 1197 yA 1141 I ke lagabhaga huI hogii|' DA0 pArikha mAlavAvijaya vi sa 1191-1192 I ke lagabhaga siddha karate hai| unakI yaha mAnyatA samasAmayika pramANo ke AdhAra para hai / ye pramANa DA vUlara ko upalabdha nahI the| isa taraha DA0 pArikha kA mata hai ki yadi hama mAlavA vijaya ke do yA tIna varSoM ke bIca isa grantha kI racanA kA samaya mAneM to yaha vi. sa 1195 (1139) paDegA / DA vUlara hemacandra ke koSa granyo kI racanA jayasiMha kI mRtyu ke pahale mAnate haiM / saskRta dyAzraya kAvya ke 14 sargoM kI racanA bhI ve jayasiMha kI mRtyu ke pahale mAnate haiM / DA vUlara ke anusAra pUre dayAzraya kAvya kI racanA vi sa 1220 (1164) I ke pahale ho cukI hogI / "kAvyAnuzAsana aura chando'nuzAsana kI racanA ve kumArapAla ke zAsana me huI mAnate hai / parantu DA pArikha kA kathana hai ki chandonuzAsana jayasiMha aura kumArapAla dono kA ullekha karane ke atirikta cAra anya cAlukya rAjAno kA bhI ullekha karatA hai / ata isase koI niSkarSa nahI nikAlA jA sktaa| hemacandra ke saskRta koSa-grantho ke pUraka rUpa me likhI gayI "rayaNAvalI" yA dezInAmamAlA kA racanA kAla DA vUlara kumArapAla ke rAjyakAla ke prArambha me mAnate hai / lekina unakA kahanA hai ki samasta, vyAkhyA eva udAharaNo sahita "rayaNAvalI" kI racanA visa 1214-15 (1159 I ) ke lagabhaga huI hogii| 1. lAipha Apha hemacandra, pR0 18 kAvyAnuzAsana-bhUmikA 40 328 3. lAipha Apha hemacandra, pR0 18 4 vahI, pR0 19 5. vahI, pR0 19 6 vahI, pa0 19 se 36 7. vahI, pR0 37

Page #52
42 1 kumArapAla ke prArabhika zAsanakAla me kevala "rayaNAvalI" kI kArikAyo kA nirmANa huA rahA hogaa| vyAkhyA aura udAharaNa vAda ke hoge / yoga zAstra aura vItarAga stotra ke mUla pATha kI racanA DA vUlara vi sa 1216 (1160 IsavI) me mAnate haiM / isakI vyAkhyA kucha varSoM vAda likhI gayI hogI / / tripapTizalAkApurupacarita kI racanA vi sa 1216-1229 (1160-1173) me huI hogii| dvayAzraya kAvya ke antima pAca sargoM prAkRta dvayAzraya kAvya yA "kumArapAla carita" kI racanA kA bhI yahI samaya rahA hogaa| pramANa mImAsA kI racanA bhI isI samaya ke bIca huI hogii| sakSepa meM prAcArya hemacandra kI racanAyo ko tithikrama kI dRSTi me do bhAgo me vATA jA sakatA hai| (1) siddharAja jayasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM kI gayI racanAe isake antargata zabdAnuzAsana, unake prasiddha do saskRta ke koSa-grantha tathA dayAzrayakAvya ke teraha sarga rakhe jA sakate haiM / (2) kumArapAla ke zAsanakAla meM kI gayI racanAe-isake antargata dezInAmamAlA, nighaNTukoza, prAkRta dayAzrayakAvya, triSaSTizalAkApumpacarita, pramANa mImAsA, yogazAstra, vItarAga stuni Adi rakhe jA sakate haiN| ___ prAcArya hemacandra eka middha purupa the| apane jIvana kAla me unhone jitane vipula vAT maya kI racanA kI vaha bhAratIya sAhitya paramparA ke lie anUThA udAharaNa hai / inhoMne jima kisI viSaya ko uThAyA samasta ago sahita usakA acchI taraha pratipAdana kiyaa| unakI isa adbhuta pratibhA eva durlabha manoyoga ko desakara unakI kalikAlasarvaja kI upAdhi sarvathA ucita dikhAyI detI hai| bhAratIya mAhitya paramparA prAcArya hemacandra sUri kI cira RNI rhegii| 1. mAra mAphamAH , 10 40

Page #53
dezInAsamAlA : svarUpa-vivecana - prAcArya hemacandra eka mahAn bhApAvid the / unhone bhApA vivecana se sambandhita koI bhI samasyA adhUrI nahIM chor3I / saskRta bhASA kA vyAkaraNa likhane ke bAda unhone prAkRta tathA apabhraza kA vyAkaraNa likhakara isa kSetra me svavaiziSTya kA pratipAdana kiyaa| unhone isa vyAkaraNa kI pUrti ke lie bAda me dhAtupATha, uNAdi prakaraNa, liGgAnuzAsana Adi bhI jodd'aa| itanA kara lene para bhI ve ruke nahI / unhone bhASA me prayukta hone vAle zabdo kA anuzAsana pUrNa karane ke lie kucha koza bhI likhe / / "dezInAmamAlA" eka aisA hI kozagrantha hai jisakI racanA AcArya ne apane vyAkaraNa grantha "siddha hemazabdAnuzAsana" ke aSTama adhyAya kI pUrti ke lie kii| isa bAta kA ullekha ve "dezInAmamAlA" ke aSTamavarga kI antima kArikA aura usakI vyAkhyA me spaSTa rUpa me kara dete hai igra rayaNAvaliNAmo dezIsaddANa sagaho eso / vAyaraNasesaleso raino siri hemacandra munibaiNA // ___ de0nA0 8177, pR 77 ityepa dezI zabda sagraha svopajJazabdAnuzAsanASTamAdhyAyazeSalezo ratnAvalInAmAcArya zrI hemacandreNa viracita itibhadram / " prAcArya kRta prastuta dezIkoza hI isa adhyAya kI carcA kA pramukha viSaya hai / 1. abhidhAnacintAmaNi 2 anekArtha saMgraha, 3 nighaNTazeSa 4 "rayaNAyalI' 2 jo prAkRta aura apane za bhApAo ke vyAkaraNa kA AkhyAna karatA hai|

Page #54
44 ] dezInAmamAlA-nAmakaraNa kI samasyAH dezInAmamAlA ke svarUpa eva usakI vipaya-vastu kA vivecana prastuta karane ke pahale isake nAmakaraNa kI samasyA sulajhA lenA samIcIna hogA / jahA taka prAcArya hemacandra kA sambandha hai unhoMne isa grantha ke do nAma diye hai- (1) desIsahasagaho (demI zabda sagraha) (2) rayaNAvalI (ratnAvalI) / prastuta koza ke prathama marga kI dUsarI hI kArikA me prAcArya kahate hairaNIsenademiparimala pallavi akuUhalAulattaNa / vigijjai desIsadRsagaho vaNNakamasuhayo / --denA0 11 21 pR0 2 ina kArikA me ve granya kA nAma "desI saddasagaho" likhate haiM / isI prakAra grantha kI mamApti ke mamaya antima kArikA se dono hI nAmo kA ullekha milatA hai ina rayaNAvaliNAmo desI saddAraNa sagaho eso / parantu ina do nAmo ke atirikta pratyeka adhyAya kI samApti ke bAda likhI gayI puTinakAyoM meM "dezInAmamAlA" nAma bhI milatA hai / prathamavarga kI puSpikA ko choDakara lagabhaga sabhI puppikAe eka samAna hai| isa varga kI puSpikA me "svopajJa' zabda adhika jur3a gayA hai __ "tyAcArya zrI hemacandra viracitAyA svopana dezInAmamAlAyA prathamovarga / " anya vargoM kI samApti para dI gayI puppikAe isa prakAra haiM nyAcArya zrI hemacandra viracitAyA dezInAmamAlAyA .... varga / " prannu / hama dekhate hai ki isa grantha ke tIno hI nAmo kA ullesa grantha ke antargata hI hanA hai / parantu prazna yaha uThanA hai ki eka hI granya ke tIna nAma kyo diye gaye ? kyA ye tIno nAma sArthaka haiM ? ina prazno kA uttara atyanta sarala hote hae bhI kucha gunthiyo ge bhaga huA hai / jahA taka 'dezIzabdasagraha" nAma kA prazna hai, yaha nirvivAda pa se yA ucita nAmakaraNa hai| "gyagAvalI" nAma bhI gantha meM nibaddha kArikAno kI mAtA evaM udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prAyI huI aAryAno ke mAhityika maundarya ko dekhate hA, lAkSaNika hote hue bhI sarvathA upayukta hai / parantu puSpikAno me pAyA prA "dezInAmamAlA" nAma marvayA bhrAmaya hai / prathama to yaha svaya prAcArya dvArA diyA gayA nAma nahIM hai kyoMki granyo po puSpikAe pratilipikAro dvArA likhI hone 1. 1938 mAre gamyata mAMgera meM prapANina sapA Ara piNela dvArA pramANita 'daMgInAma gadinIya mAtA

Page #55
/ 45 kI adhika sambhAvanA rahatI hai / prata puSpikA me pAyA huA yaha nAma ho sakatA hai pratilipikAro ke dvArA likhA gayA ho| dusare prAcArya hemacandra jaisA prasiddha bhASAvid usa prakAra ke vivAdAspada nAmo se sAvadhAna bhI rahegA / aba isa nAma se utpanna hone vAle bhramo kA vivecana kara lenA bhI samIcana hogaa| ___ vyAkaraNa zAstra ke antargana bhASA meM prayukta hone vAle zabdo ke cAra vibhAga kiye gaye haiM (1) nAma (sanA), (2) prAtyAta (kriyA), (3) nipAta (4) avyaya / isa vibhAjana ko dhyAna meM rakhakara yadi hama uparyukta grantha ke nAmakaraNa para vicAra kareM to use kevala nAma (saMjJA) pado kA hI koza honA cAhie / parantu grantha me vivecita zabdo ko dekhane se patA calatA hai ki isame aneko pAkhyAta pada bhI Aye haiM / ata siddhAntata yaha nAmakaraNa bhrama paidA karane vAlA hai| prAcArya hemacandra ina Apattiyo me paricita the zrata unhone pUre grantha me kahI bhI yaha nAma nahIM diyA / unake dvArA diye gaye dono nAma grantha kA mvarUpa spaSTa rUpa se saketita karate haiM / ava dekhanA yaha hai ki "pUppikA" me grantha kAra se alaga haTakara nayA nAma kyo diyA gayA ? isa prazna kA uttara pAne ke lie hame hemacandra ke pahale ke koza sAhitya kI pora dRSTipAta karanA hogA / prAcArya hemacandra ne apane isa koza grantha me kaI dezI koza ke nirmAtAyo kA ullekha kiyA hai / inhI me dhanapAla bhI eka haiN| inakA eka anya pAigralacchI" yA "pAipalacchInAmamAlA" ke nAma se prasiddha hai / isa grantha kI racanA visa0 1029 (972 I ) me dhArA nagarI me huii| prArambha me hI granthakAra batAtA hai ki usane isa granya kI racanA apanI choTI "bahina" "avanti sundarI' ko zabda jJAna karAne ke lie kI hai / grantha ke prathama zloka me hI usane ise 'nAmamAlA' kahakara sambodhita kiyA hai / 278ve zloka me vaha ise 'desI' bhI batAtA hai parantu imame kevala eka cauthAI hI dezI zabda hai / dhanapAla kI isa 'pAialacchI nAmamAlA' se hemacandra kI 'rayaNAvalI' ke pratilipikAra avazya hI paricita rahe hoge / jisa prakAra dhanapAla ne apane prAkRta zabdo ke sakalana grantha ko 'nAmamAlA' kahA usI prakAra mambhavata 'rayaNAvalI' ke pratilipikAro ne bhI dezI zabdo ke isa sakalana grantha ko 'dezInAmamAlA' nAma de diyA hogA / unakA dhyAna paramparA me pracalita zavda para adhika gayA hogA / isa zabda (nAma) ke vyAkaraNalamya artha ko unhone vyAna meM na rakhA hogaa| isa prakAra 'dezInAmamAlA' nAmakaraNa meM prayukta 'nAma' Arambha me yaha pustaka vergarsa vAi cene tsUra kaNDe Dera iNDogarmAnizan sprAkhana 4,20 se 166 e taka me prakAzita huI thii| isake bAda goeTiMgana se 1878 me pustaka rUpa meM chpii| bAda me giorga vUlara ne AlocanAtmaka TippaNI sahita prakAzita kiyaa|

Page #56
46 ] zabda 'sajApada' mAtra kA vAcaka na hokara 'zabda' mAtra ke vAcaka nAmakaraNa me bhI grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / yaha bAta paravartI kozo ke nAmakaraNa me bhI dekhI jA sakatI hai / 'nAmamAlA' pada Age calakara 'zabdakoza' kA vAcaka bhI bana gyaa| isa nAmakaraNa ke samarthana me dUsarA tarka yaha bhI diyA jAtA hai ki koza- . granyo me cU ki sanApada adhika sakalita hote haiM ata unakI pradhAnatA ke AdhAra para yaha nAmakaraNa kiyA gayA hogA-'prAdhAnyenanyapadezA bhavanti / ' DA0 pizela' aura muralIvara vanarjI prastuta granya kA 'dezInAmamAlA' nAma adhika ucita mAnate haiM / ata ina dono vidvAno ne apane dvArA sampAdita anya kA nAma 'dezInAmamAlA' hI rakhanA ucita samajhA hai / ina vidvAno kA mata hai ki yaha nAma atyadhika spaSTa aura kSetra vistAra me 'dezIzabdasagraha' se kahI adhika hai / 'dezIzabdamagraha' meM AyA huyA 'zabda' pada 'nAma' aura 'dhAtu' dono kA samAhAra kara letA hai javaki prAcArya hemacandra 'ghAtu' pado ko isa koza ke antargata nahI grahaNa karate / prathama varga kI tRtIya gAthA (kArikA) kI saskRna vyAkhyA me ve likhate haiM' .... . . / ye tu vajjara-pajjara-upkAla pisuNa-sagha-bollaH cava japa-sIsamAhAdaya kayyAdInAmAdezatvena sAbitAs (siddha hemacandra 4,2) te'nyerdezIpu parigRhItAprapyasmAbhirna nibaddhA / uparyukta mato kA yadi ekatra samAhAra kiyA jAye to adbhuta virodhAbhAsa dikhAyI paDatA hai| yadi hemacandra ko ina granya ne 'pAkhyAta' pado ko bAhara hI rakhanA yA to unhoMne isake nAma meM 'zabda' pada kA prayoga kyo kiyA? dUsarI ora yadi 'dezInAmamAlA' nAmakaraNa sAryaka hai to isake antargata Aye hae 'pANyAtapada' kahA jAyege ? dono hI mitiyAM apanI jagaha mahattvapUrNa hai / aimI dazA me kimI madhyama mArga kA hI mahArA lenA utrita hogaa| prAcArya dvArA kiyA gayA nAmakaraNa vivAda grasta hote hue bhI pArSaprayoga' vI grADa meM chipAyA jA sakatA hai| dUsarI ora 'dezInAmamAlA' nAmakaraNa kI pramiddhi aura kaI mUlapratiyo para makA pAyA jAnA panA praucitya ko nida karatA hai / parantu yadi dhyAnapUrvaka dekhA jAya to prAcArya 1. dviArA mayAdita aura bAyemAta mI ge prazanita dgiinaamaalaa| 2 sanIpura canajIMdArAmapAninAdanimiTI premapramANina degiinaammaataa| 3. jIna mAnA-dAga mapAdita pigena | 3 syAmA p03|| 4 "I have called the work dezonAmamAtA properly it ought to have been called 77ir7 as this is the name given to the work by Hemchundra himself (VII 77) 777777' It is tcrined in best MISS of the AE and in the maigin of the single plios of H (Contd)

Page #57
[ 47 hemacandra jaisA prakANDa bhASAvid jisa bAta kI pratijJA karatA hai usakA nirvAha bhI karatA hai / pigela pragati vidvAno ne prAcArya para yaha prAkSepa kiyA hai ki unhone aneko dezI prAtyAta pado kA AlyAna karate hue bhI svIkAra nahI kiyA / isa vivAda ko dUra karane ke lie merI vinamra sahamati he ki prAcArya ne yadi kahI 'prAnyAta pado' kA prayoga kiyA bhI hai to ve mala prArayAta pada na hokara 'kRdantI' pada hai / unakA prAtyAna sanA yA vizeSaNa pada ke rUpa me hai na ki 'yAkhyAta pada' ke rUpa me, eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai more prallaralo kukkuDe alapo prayAli duddiNaye viNNahammi aaso ajjhasma savinamAralae aNaha / / 1 13 isa kArikA me 'ajjhamsa' pada yadyapi dhAtvAdeza hai-zrAcArya ise svIkAra bhI karate haiM- ... ajjhansa prAkRsTam / aya dhAtvAdeza / ajhasai / ajjhassina / ityAdi prayogAdarzanAt / pUrvAcAryAnurodhAttviha nibaddha ... . . 1 13 vyAkhyA / parantu prastuta kArikA me isakA prayoga eka vizepaNa pada ke rUpa me huA hai| isI prakAra anya 'pAlyAta pado' kI bhI sthiti hai yadi isa dRSTi se dekhA jAye to pratilipikAro dvArA likhA gayA (sambhAvita) tathA DA0 pizela aura muralIdhara banarjI dvArA svIkAra kiyA gayA 'dezInAmamAlA' nAma sarvathA sArthaka aura vistRta artha dene vAlA hai|' dezInAmamAlA kA racanAkAla anta sAkSya --'dezInAmamAlA' kI racanA prAcArya hemacandra ne apane prAkRta zabdAnuzAsana (hemazabdAnuzAsana kA 8vA adhyAya) ke pUraka grantha ke rUpa meM kiyA hai / ime ve 'dezInAmamAlA' ke aSTama sarga kI antima kArikA kI vyAkhyA me spaSTa kara dete hai "ityepa dezIzabda sagraha svopajJazabdAnuzAsanASTamAdhyAyazeSalezo ratnAvalI nAmAcArya zrI hemacandra viracita iti bhadram / " isI prAzaya kI vAta ve grantha ke prArambha me prathama varga kI prArambhika AryA kI vyAkhyA meM karate haiM--- In I-2 and VIII-77 It is stvled deNIzabdasa graha a name which Is also intimated by the MSS BDCFGI as they call the Vritti dezIzabdasagrahavRtti, ratnAvalI being too unexpressive a name and dezInAmaFIT the usual appelation of works of the kind. I have followed the best Mss -R Pishel Deshinammala Introduction P 9.

Page #58
___48 ] samatrazabdAnAmanuzAsane cikIpite saskRtAdi bhASANA paNNA zabdAnuzAsane siddha hemacandra nAmni siddhi upanivaddhA / idAnI lopAgamavarNa vikArAdinA krameNa pUrve ArAdhitapUrvA dezyA zabdA avaziSyante / tatsagrahArthamayamArambha / ina ullekho ke AdhAra para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki dezInAmamAlA kI racanA apane vibhAgo mahita siddha hemazabdAnuzAsana tathA saMskRta ke kozo abhidhAna cintAmaNi, anekArtha magraha Adi ke ho jAne ke bAda huii| middha hemazabdAnuzAsana kI racanA siddharAja kI mRtyu ke pahale ho cukI thI / siddharAja kI mRtyu vi sa0 1199 me huI thI isake bAda hI kumArapAla ke prArambhika zAsanakAla meM hemacandra ke anya koza grantho kA mamaya rakhA jA sakatA hai| jahA taka dezInAmamAlA kI racanA kA sambandha hai yaha avazya hI kumArapAla ke zAsanakAla me likhI gayI hogii| pUre grantha me pAyI huI udAharaNa kI prAryAno me 105 AryAe kumArapAla ke yaza aura zaurya varNana se savacita haiN| ata yaha nizcita ho jAtA hai ki "dezInAmamAlA" kI racanA abhidhAna cintAmariNa ke vAda aura kAvyAnuzAsana ke pahale huI hogii| vahirsAkSya-DA0 vUlara ne apane grantha "lAipha Apha hemacandra" me prAcArya hemacandra kI racanAyo ke tithi nirdhAraNa para vistArapUrvaka vicAra kiyA hai| DA0 vUlara hemacandra ke dono kozo abhivAnacintAmaNi aura anekArtha sagraha ko siddharAja jayasiMha kI mRtyu (vi0 sa0 1190) ke pahale racita batAte haiM / ' siddharAja kI mRtyu ke bAda aura kumAgpAla ke zAsana kAla me ve ina dono koza granyo ke vibhinna pRraka grantho kA nirmANa batAte hai| unake anusAra "zepAkhyAnAmamAlA jo ki abhidhAna cintAmaNi kA pUraka ganya hai 3 aura paramparA me prasiddha hemacandra dvArA liye gaye tIna nighaNTu koza tathA rayaNAvalI (dezInAmamAlA) kI mUla gAthAe-ye mamI kumArapAla ke zAsana kAla ke prArambhika kAla me likhe gaye hoge / DA0 vanara kI yaha dRDha mAnyatA hai ki nankata dhAnyA aura udAharaNa kI prAryAno sahita 'gyaNAvanI' yA degInAmamAlA kI racanA vi na 1214-154 (1159 I0) me huI hogii| TA vUlara kA yaha mata bahuta kucha mAnya bhI hai / 'rayagAvalI me kumAra pAna se sambandhina udAharaNa kI aAe usake zaurya aura parAkrama kA varNana jima pranA ke mAya karatI haiM, una pragamA ke yogya banane me mihAmana prApta karane ke bAda pumApAna ko avazya hI kucha dina lage hoge / ata mAkSya me milAne para bhI bUlara 1 mAra Apa hamA, ganima dAganezana, 10 18 2 vI. 3036 3 mA yAye hue pApA 17 pRna jamanI meM kiye gaye haiN| + gamanAra TE.garina dAta, pR0 37

Page #59
[ 49 kA yaha bahuta kucha ucita lagatA hai / 'zabdAnuzAsana' sambandhI grantho se sambandhita prAcArya hemacadra kI granyamAlA kI antima kaDI ke rUpa me isa grantha kI racanA huI hai / grAcArya svaya hI usa tathya ko yatra-tatra ullikhita karate calate haiN| 'rayaNAvalI' kI racanA taka prAcArya hemacadra kA bha'pAvid kA vyaktitva sthira ho jAtA hai / isake bAda unakA prAcArya kA vyaktitva pramukha rUpa dhAraNa karane lagatA hai / jahA taka prAcArya kA kumArapAla ke jIvana se sambandha hai / ve vi sa 12161 ke vAda se usake nikaTa namparka meM Ane lage the| zrata isI ke pAsa pAsa isa grantha kI sampUrNa racanA kA samaya nirdhArita kiyA jAnA ucita hai / paravartI vyAkaraNakAro kA ullekha jahA taka bahikSyi se sambandhita hemacandra ke samakAlIna yA unake paravartI granyo kA sambandha hai ye mabhI unakI racanAyo kI kramika carcA karate hue bhI unakA koI nizcita mamaya nahIM dete / svaya prAcArya hemacandra bhI apane grantho kA krama to ullikhita kara dete haiM parantu kahI bhI unhone nizcita tithi dene kA prayAsa nahIM kiyA / kevala DA0 vUlara ne hI isa dizA me prayAsa kiyA hai jo stutya bhI hai / DA0 vUlara ke mato ko lekara kAvyAnuzAsana kI bhUmikA me DA0 pArikha ne kucha pAlocanAyeM avazya kI hai parantu unakI navIna upalabdhi kucha bhI nahIM hai| dezInAmamAlA kI mUlapratiyA prAcArya hemacadra ke isa koza grantha kI sarvaprathama sUcanA DA0 bUlhara ne 1874 me iNDiyana ekTIvivarI bhAga 2, pR0 17 para dii| unakI yaha sUcanA apane dvArA prApta kI gayI 'sI' (C) mUlaprati ke AdhAra para thii| apanI athaka khojo ke AdhAra para unhone 1877 I0 me DA. pizela ke sahayoga se isa grantha kA prakAzana kArya prArambha kiyA / ina dono vidvAno ke satata prayatna ke pariNAmasvarUpa 1880 I me 'vAmbe ejUkezana sosAyaTI presa se dezInAmamAlA kA prakAzana huaa| bAda me 1938 me isakA dvitIya saskaraNa mahArAjA saskRta kAleja vijayAnagaram ke pradhAnAcArya pravastuveDa kaTarAmAnujasvAmI ema e. dvArA likhI gaI vistRta bhUmikA, 1 DA0 vUlara ne dvayAzraya kAvya ke uttarArddha bhAga 'yA' kumArapAlacarita' kI racanA kA kAla 1216 vi. sa. ke bAda batAyA hai| isa grantha se vidita hotA hai ki kumArapAla aura hemacandra kA nikaTa kA samvandha thaa|

Page #60
50 ] pAlocanAtmaka TippaNiyo tathA zabdakoza ke sAtha prakAzita huA / ' DA0 bulhara aura pAra. pizela ke sammilita sahayoga se prakAzita 'deNInAmamAlA' ke prathama saskaraNa ke taiyAra karane meM nimnalikhita mUla prati go kI mahAyatA lI gayI hai| inakA ullekha prAra. pizela ne svaya hI anya ke bhUmikA bhAga me kara diyA hai| (1) e (A) hastalikhita prati-yaha mUla prati bIkAnera me prApta huI thii| isakI sakhyA 271 hai / kevala 17 pRSTha haiM / isakA samaya somavat 1549 ullikhita hai / isame kevala mUlapATha hai aura upayogitA kI dRSTi se atyanta mahatvapUrNa prati kahI jA sakatI hai| (2) bI (B) hastalikhita prati-isa prati para 724 sakhyA dI huI hai| yaha suspaSTa akSaro me likhI gayI hai aura 'vADhavAna' (Vadhavan) nAmaka sthAna se prApta huI hai| isame kula pRSTha saMkhyA 90 dI gayI hai / parantu 53 ke do bAra likhe hone se isakI sahI pRSTha sakhyA 91 ho jAtI hai / isame mUla pATha ke sAtha hI TIkA bhAga bhI hai / parI prati me tithi kA koI nirdeza nahIM hai| kula milAkara yaha atyanta zuddha hote hue bhI 'ca' aura 'va', 'tha' aura 'gha' 'jjha' aura 'ma', 'ccha' pIra tya, da, dha, Tha, TTha, DDha me lagAtAra parivartana hote rahane ke kAraNa adhika vizvAsa yogya nahI hai / (3) sI (C) prati-isakI eka navIna prati DA bulhara ke lie ahamadAbAda me taiyArI kI gayI thii| DA0 bulhara ne isI ke AdhAra para iNDiyana eNTikvirI bhAga-2, pRSTha 17 para prathama vAra isa grantha kA paricaya diyA thaa| isa para likhI gayI sakhyA 184 hai / granthAkAra (pothI ke samAna) 315 pRSTha hai / / - isame TIkA aura mUlapATha dono hI hai / isakA samaya sakhyA 1857 hai / yaha yadyapi bahuta sAvadhAnI se taiyAra kI gayI hai phira bhI aisA lagatA hai jaise pratilipikAra jaina pANDulipi paDhane kA abhyasta na ho kyoki jaina lipi me likhe gaye varNa prAya galata paDhe gaye haiM / kisI dUsare vyakti ne yadyapi ina bhUlo ke sudhArane kI koziza kI hai parantu vaha kucha hI bhUlo ko sudhArane meM saphala ho sakA hai| Ara0 pizela ke prathama saMskaraNa meM nihita asAvadhAniyo aura bhUlapratiyo kI jainalipi ko galata paDha jAne ke kAraNa utpanna huI kamiyo ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue kalakattA ke DA0 muralIghara vanoM ne 1931 meM 'dezInAmamAlA' kA apane sapAdakatva me prakAzana kraayaa| DA0 banarjI kA yaha saMskaraNa pizela ke saskaraNa se kahI adhika parizodhita ena parimArjita hai| isakA prakAzana kalakattA yunivasiTI prasa se huA thA /

Page #61
/ 51 (4) DI (D) prati-yaha prati mAravADa me jodhapura ke nikaTa pAlI sthAna me prApta huI thii| isakI sanyA 270 hai| kula 32 pRSTha hai / mUla pATha aura TIkA dono hI haiM / parantu yaha prati pUrNa nahIM hai,| isakI likhAvaTa bahuta hI kharAba aura pramuddhiyo se bharI huI hai| (5) I (E) prati-yaha prati DA bulhara kI apanI hai aura unhe ahamadAbAda me milI thI / iname kevala mUlapATha hai / pRSTho kI sasyA 20 hai / isakI puSpikA me nirmANa kAla 1575 diyA gayA hai jo mambhavataH sambat hI hogaa| isame mUlapATha aura TIkA dono hI hai| yaha sabhI pratiyo meM acchI aura zuddha hai parantu isake 1-19 taka ke pRSTha gAyaba hai| isa taraha yaha bhI aparNa prati hai / pAra pizela ke apane dvArA sampAdita 'degInAmamAlA' ke mUlapATha nirmANa me isake zepa bhAga se bahuta adhika sahAyatA lI hai| (6) epha (F) prati- yaha prati limaDI' nAmaka sthAna se prApta huI thii| DA bulhara ke sahAyaka paNDito ne isakA parizodhana bhI kiyA thA / thoDe se antara ke sAtha yaha 'vADhavAna' me prApta 'ba'-prati se bahuta kucha milatI-julatI prati hai| (7) jI (G) prati- yaha bIkAnera se prApta prati hai| isakI sakhyA bhI 271 hai / 'e' prati kI hI satyA hone ke kAraNa pahale ise logo ne 'e' kI TIkA samajha liyA thA / parantu yaha usase alaga prati hai / mUlapATha aura TIkA sahita isame kula 46 pRSTha hai| isakA TIkA bhAga atyanta zuddha aura uccakoTi kA hai / parantu isake adhikatara pRSTha cUho ke dvArA khA DAle gaye haiN| bIca-bIca me kSata pRSTho (15,24,42) ke atirikta aSTama varga kI 21vI gAthA ke 'Damuho' zabda ke bAda kA bhAga pUrNa rUpa se gAyava hai / isake kSata-vikSata patro ko joDakara ricarDa-pizela ne lagabhaga sabhI vargoM ko ThIka-ThAka paDha liyA thaa| ina sAta mUla pratiyo ke atirikta DA vulhara ne do aura bhI pratiyA prApta kI thI (8) eca (H) prati-yaha prati 1879 me bhArata sarakAra ke lie ahamadAvAda se kharIdI gayI thii| isame kula 62 pRSTha haiN| samaya samvat 1628 diyA gayA hai| isame mUlapATha aura TIkA dono hI haiM / ricarDa pizela ise bahuta asAvadhAnI se likhI hone ke kAraNa mahattvahIna batAte haiM / (9) AI (I) prati--yaha prati bhagavAnalAla indrAjI kI apanI prati hai| mUlapATha aura TIkA sahita isakI pRSTha sakhyA 86 hai| bIca ke 8-27 aura anta me

Page #62
___52 ] aSTama varga kI 72 gAthA ke 'yadAha bharata '-vAkya ke bAda ke pRSTha gAyava haiN| pizela ne isa prati ko atyanta mahattvapUrNa mAnA hai / parantu yaha unhe 'deNInAmamAlA' ke prathama saskaraNa ke prakAzana ke bAda prApta huI thii| pizela dvArA ullisita ye mabhI mUlapratiyA jaina lipi meM likhI gayI haiM / isaliye unheM ca, va, va, tya aura ccha, tha aura gha Thama tathA jjha, 6, da, Dha, TTha, r3ha Adi jahA bhI Aye haiM, inhe zuddha zuddha paDhane me bahuta adhika kaThinAI kA mAmanA karanA par3A hai| pizela dvArA ullisita uparyukta mUla pratiyo ke atirikta 'dezInAmamAlA' ke dvitIya saskaraNa kI bhUmikA me pravastu veTvaTarAmAnujasvAmI ne 'sAta' aura pratiyo kA ullekha kiyA hai| ye pratiyA unhe porienTala risarca insTITyUTa pUnA ke adhikAriyo se milI thI / iname eka 'dezInAmamAlA' ke zabdo kI varNakrama me banAyI gayI sUcI thii| isame pahale do akSara vAle aura phira tIna akSaro vAle aura phira isI taraha krama se 8 akSaro (kevala 4 zabda) taka ke zabda umI krama se sakalita haiM jisa krama se mUla pATha me unakA ullekha hayA hai / isakA prArambha isa prakAra hotA hai 116011 zrI vItarAgAyanama / arha // zrI hemacandra sUryukta dezya zabda samuccayAt / akArAdyAdaya zavdA likhyate dvisvarAdikA ||| zrIdIdUdedanusvArAdya yatrasyAdiyogata zabdanAmakSarAdhikyamapikapatvayAdiha / / 2 / / atha dvisvarA / ajjo jina / gaurIti prA .... * ... isake anta me zrIhemasUrerabhidhAnakozAdde zyAtpadAnyartha samanvitAni / uddhRtya varNakramato'khilAni lilepa sUrivimalAbhidhAna / / / / / vAva jADyatamazchannAn granthAntara gRhasthitAn / anena dezya dIpena pazyatvarthAn janA sphuTAn / / 2 / / granyAgra 1200 / / isa sUcI me kevala 18 pRSTha haiM / sakhyA 857 tathA samaya 1886-92 haiM / prApta mUla prati adhika prAcIna na hone ke kAraNa vizvasanIya eva upayogI nahI hai / dUsarI pratiyA (sakhyA 724, 1875-76 aura sakhyA 281, 1880-81) lagabhaga prathama saMskaraNa ke prakAzana me pizela dvArA prayukta vI (B) I (E) pratiyo ke samAna hI haiN| eka tIsarI prati (sakhyA 159, 1881-82) prathama sakaraNa tathA DA0 bulhara dvArA prayukta sI (C) prati kA mUla rUpa mAtra hai| ina cAra pratiyo ke atirikta pravastu rAmAnujasvAmI ne kramaza eksa (x) vAI (5) aura jeDa (2) ina tIna anya pratiyo kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai unakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai -

Page #63
53 eksa (X) prati mUla pATha aura TIkA sahita suspaSTa akSaro me likhI huI yaha eka apUrNa mUla prati hai| isame dI gaI sakhyA 856 (1886-92) hai| patro kI ullikhita sakhyA 45 hai parantu 14 aura 15 eka hI pRSTha para likha jAne ke kAraNa isakI vAstavika pRSTha sakhyA 44 hI ThaharatI hai| isakA pratilipi kAra jaina lipi kA abhyasta nahI mAlUma paDatA prata usane bhUleM to kI hI hai sAtha hI vinA kucha likhe hI khAlI sthAna choDa diyA hai| isame koI tithi nahI dI gayI hai| kucha aisI ginatiyA likhI gayI hai jo atyanta aspaSTa aura sarvathA abodhya hai - jaise anta me-bhA 1, pR 19 (yaha likhakara kATa diyA gayA hai phira pra0 19 (?) likha diyA gayA hai / yaha prati prathama saskaraNa kI sI (C) prati se nikaTatama rUpa se sambandhita hai / vAI (Y) prati yaha sampUrNa mUlapATha se yukta hai / TIkA nahI hai / isame dI gayI sakhyA 397, (1895-98) hai * pRSTho kI sakhyA 21 hai / yaha bahuta sAvadhAnI se likhI gayI hai, ata. bhUleM kama haiM / kahI-kahI pratilipikAra ca, va aura va, u aura pro, ccha tathA ttha ke paDhane me pramAda avazya kara gayA hai phira bhI sAmAnya rUpa se zabdo kA pAkhyAna zuddha rUpa se kiyA gayA hai / isake hAsiye me kucha TippaNiyA dI huI hai jo prAya dezI zabdo kA saskRta me artha dyotita karatI hai| isame dI gayI tithi sasvat 1636 zukra, phAlguna zuklapakSa 5 mI hai / yaha prati jinacandra sUri ke ziSya paDitaratna nidhAna gariNa ke dvArA likhI gayI thii| isa mUla prati kA sambandha prathama saskaraNa meM prayukta vI (B) aura epha (F) pratiyo se hai / jeDa (Z) prati yaha eka mUlapATha aura TIkA sahita prati hai| isa para dI gayI sakhyA 438, __ 1882-83 hai| isakI pRSTha sakhyA sATha (60) hai| parantu yaha apUrNa prati hai| aSTama varga kI 12vI gAthA ke 'sAulina' zabda ke bAda yaha samApta ho jAtI hai| __40ve pRSTha se lekara pratyeka panne kA dAhinA bhAga cUho dvArA khA DAlA gayA hai| yaha eka suspaSTa varNo me likhI gayI prati hai aura bahuta kucha prathama saskaraNa me ullikhita jI (G) prati se milatI julatI prati hai / antima pRSTho ke kho jAne se isakI tithi kA kucha bhI patA nahI calatA / yaha prati lagabhaga do sau varSa purAnI hai / isakA lipikAra bhI jainalipiyo ke paDhane me abhyasta nahI lagatA kyoki isa prati me bhI jainalipiyo ke paDhane me vahI azuddhiyA kI gayI haiM jinakA pahale ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai|

Page #64
54 ] uparyukta mUla pratiyo ke AdhAra para dezInAmamAlA ke aba taka do maskaraNa nikala cuke haiM / ina dono saskaraNo kI bhUlo aura bhrAntiyo ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue kalakattA vizvavidyAlaya ke zreSTha vidvAn zrI muralIdhara banarjI ne 1931 me kalakattA yUnivarsiTI presa se apane sampAdakatva meM isakA puna prakAzana karAyA / unhoMne isakA prakAzana do bhAgo me karAyA / prathama bhAga eka vistRta bhUmikA mahita mUla pATha aura vyAkhyA tathA aAlocanAtmaka TippariNayo se yukta hai / isake dvitIya bhAga meM unhoMne prathama bhAga kA a grejI anuvAda prastuta kiyA hai / muralIdhara banarjI dvArA sampAdita 'dezInAmamAlA' kA prastuta saskaraNa atyanta pariNuddha aura piNela ke mamkaraNa se kahI adhika mahattvapUrNa hai / isa saskaraNa kI mahattA isa bAta meM aura bhI hai ki hemacandra dvArA dezI zabdo ke udAharaNa ke rUpa me likhe gaye jina udAharaNo ko piNela ne nirarthaka aura mahattvahIna kahakara choDa diyA thA uname zrI vanarjI ne pizela kI bhrAntiyo ko sudhArate hue adbhuta kAvya saundarya dekhane kA prayAma kiyA hai / isa maskaragA kI bhUmikA to atyanta vistRta aura vidvatApUrNa hai / prathama bhAga ke pariziSTa ke rUpa me akArAdi krama se dI gayI zabdo kI sUcI atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai|' 'dezInAmamAlA' kA eka saskaraNa gujarAtI mabhA, vambaI dvArA vi sa 2003 (1946 I ) meM prakAzita kiyA gayA hai / yaha saskaraNa mujhe dekhane ko nahIM milaa| pizela ke saMskaraNa ke prabhAva ke kAraNa sambhavata isakA adhika pracAra nahIM ho paayaa| dezInAmamAlA kA svarUpa aura usakI viSayavastu prAcArya hemacandra kA dezI zabdo kA yaha koza bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM ke zabdo kI sAgomAga grAtmakayA prastuta karatA hai| madhyakAlIna bhA0 prA0 bhA0 kA zabda bhaNDAra tIna prakAra ke zabdo se yukta hai-tatsama tadbhava aura dezI / tatsama zabda ve haiM jinakI dhvaniyA saskRta zabdo ke hI samAna rahatI hai| uname koI vikAra nahI hotA jaise nIra, kaka, kaTha tAla, tIra, devI Adi / isake viparIta saskRta ke ve zabda jo varNAgama varNalopa aura varNavikAra ke kAraNa apanA svarupa parivartita kara lete haiM-"tadbhava" kahalAte haiM, jaise agga agra, iTThaL iSTa, dhamma Ldharma, gaya /gaja, dhAraNa LdhyAna prAdi / aise prAkRta zabda jiname prakRti pratyaya kA nirdhAraNa na ho sake tathA jinakI koI vyutpatti sambhava na ho, balki 1 isa saMskaraNa ke dvitIya bhAga (anuvAda bhAga) ke dulaMbha hone ke kAraNa usakA vistRta vivecana prastuta karanA asabhava hai| 2 'prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa' DA0 nemicandra zAstrI, pR0 539

Page #65
[ 55 paramparA meM pracalita artha hI unheM vyArayAyita kara sake, aise rUDha zabdo ko "dezI" kahA gayA, jase agaya =daitya, pAkAmima=paryApta, irAva hasti, palavila =dhanADhya, co= bilva yAdi / "dezInAmamAlA" aise hI dezI zabdo kA sakalana grantha hai / prAcArya hemacandra ne paramparA meM pracalita eva prasiddha 3978 zabdo kA samAhAra isa Aya meM kiyA hai|' uname sakalita zabdo kA svarUpa nirdhAraNa karate hue svaya hI prAcArya nimate haiM je nakavaNe Na sidvA pagiddhA sAkayAhihANesu / Na ya gauNa lakSaNA sattimabhavA te iha NivaddhA / / 1.3.2 jo pabda na vyAkaraNa se vyutpanna haiM aura na saskRta kozo me nibaddha hai tathA lakSaNAgati ke dvArA bhI jinakA prarya mambhava nahI hai, aise zabda isa koza me nibaddha kiye gae hai / ve prAge aura bhI spaSTa karate hae kahate hai ki dezI zabdo se vibhinna prAnto me bole jAne vAle (nAhityetara yA grAmINa) zabdo kA artha nahI lagA lenA caahie| desa vise mapasiddhIi bhaNNa mANA aragantayA hunti / tamhA agAipAiapayaTTa bhAmAvimemagro desI 11 4 3. dezI zabdo se yahA mahArASTra vidarbha, pAbhIra prAdi dezo me pracalita zabdo kA maMkalana bhI nahIM samajha lenA cAhie / kyoki deNa vizepa me prasiddha zabda ananna haiM / zrata unakA sakalana sambhava nahIM hai / granAdikAla se pracalita bhApA hI dezI hai / isa prakAra prAcArya hemacandra ne svaya hI apane dvArA sakalita tathA dezI kahe jAne vAle zabdo kI vyAtyA spaSTa rUpa se kara dI hai / parantu yadi vyAna se dekhA jAye to isa koza ke sabhI zabda dezI nahI hai| dezI zabdo ke bhrama me yA phira pUrva prAcAryoM kI ___ mAnyatA ke kAraNa unhone dezI zabdo ke sAtha hI aneko tatsama aura tadbhava zabdo kA sakalana bhI kara diyA hai / yadyapi unhone jagaha-jagaha "pUrvAcAryAnurodhAt" aura "apramidvatvAt" jaise vAkyo kA sahArA liyA hai phira bhI kahI-kahI ve aisI bhUle kara jAte haiM jo svaya hI unakI pUrvamAnyatAno kA khaNDana karatI hai / aneko 5,bda aise pAye hai jinhe unhone apane zabdAnuzAsana (vyAkaraNa grantha) me tatsama aura tadbhava batAte hue bhI ima koza me "dezI zabda ke rUpa me sakalita kara diyA hai / aba taka huI sojo ke AdhAra para 'dezInAmamAlA' me sakalita tatsama tadbhava aura dezI zabdo kI sakhyA nimna prakAra se dI jA sakatI hai / 1. prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa' DA0 nemicandra zAstrI, pR0 539 2 'apaghra za' prAkRto kI hI antima kaDI hai 3 pizela, vanarjI rAmAnujasvAmI Adi kA yahI mantavya hai|

Page #66
561 "tatsama zabda-100 saMzayayukta tazava-528 1 garbhita tadbhava 18501 avyutpAdita zabda (deNI) 1500 1 ... ... ........... ..... ... ... .. kula zabdo kI saMkhyA 3978 ina 1500 dezI zabdo me kevala 800 zabda aAdhunika bhAratIya prArya bhASAoM meM prApta hote hai ! 700 zabda prAryetara bhApAnI se sambandhita vatAye jAte hai / yadyapi inakI pUrI khoja atyanta dusha kArya hai / isa prakAra prAcArya hemacandra dvArA mvaya dI gayI paribhASA ke anusAra isame kevala 1500 dezI zabda hai / zeSa zabda isa paribhASA kI sImA ke bAhara jA paDate hai / / ina "deNI" zabdo ke udbhava aura vikAsa tathA inake svarUpa kA vivecana prastuta prabandha ke eka alaga adhyAya me prastuta kiyA jAyegA isa grantha me sakalita zabdo kI vizeSatAe makSepa me isa prakAra dI jA sakatI hai| (1) isa koza meM sakalita zabda kA prAvunika bhAratIya Arya bhASa'yo ke sAtha ghaniSTha sambandha dikhAyA jA sakatA hai| (2) 'dezInAmamAlA' du mabhita zabdo kA adbhuta sakalana grantha hai / isa bAta ko prAcArya ne granya ke prArambha me spaSTa bhI kara diyA hai dezI dusadarbhA. prAya sadabhitA api durvocA / prAcArya hemacandrastattA sahabhativibhajati ca / / (3) 'dezInAmamAlA' eka aisA sakalana grantha hai jisake samAna samasta bhAratIya sAhitya-paramparA me koI bhI granya nahIM prApta hotA / 'pAiyalacchInAmamAlA' jaise anya yadyapi upalabdha haiM phira bhI uname pracalita zabdo kA pAkhyAna huyA hai / yaha aise zabdo kA sakalana grantha hai jo anyatra kahI upalabdha nahIM hote| (4) isa sagraha me sakalita zabda tatkAlIna rahana-sahana aura rIti-rivAjo kA supTha parijJAna karAne meM samartha haiN| grAmya jIvana se sambandhita zabdAvalI to bhAratIya grAmya jIvana ke svarUpa ena usake vizvAso tathA paramparita mAnyatAyo kA parita. digdarzana karAne me atyanta samartha haiM / (5) isa koza me aneko aise zabda sakalita haiM jinakA Aja taka kI vikasita Arya bhApAno me huA artha parivartana sAskRtika itihAsa kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa 1. parantu isa mAnyatA meM koI bala nahI / imakA khaNDana 'arthagata adhyayana' ke antargata kiyA gayA hai|

Page #67
[ 57 siddha ho sakatA hai / anAdikAla se pracalita laukika rIti-rivAjo ko pradarzita karane vAle kitane hI zabda yatra-tatra ima koza me bikhare paDe haiM / ye zabda kevala AryoM kI hI prAcIna paramparA kA dyotana karane vAle na hokara prAryetara, kola, sathAla, muNDA tathA draviDa jAti ke loka vyavahAra ko pradarzita karane meM samartha hai / aAjakala sAmAnya jana-jIvana ke bIca kitane hI aise zabda vikhare paDe hai jinhe isa koza me sacita zabdo se madarbhina kiyA jA sakatA hai / isa viSaya kI vistRta carcA prastuta pravandha ke eka alaga adhyAya me vistAra meM kI jaayegii| svarUpa 'dezInAmamAlA' kA mUlapATha apabhra za ke gAthA chanda me likhA gayA hai| ina gAthAgo me hemacandra ne 'dezI' zabdo kI gaNanA karAne ke sAtha hI unakA paryAyavAcI 'tadbhava' zabda bhI de diyA hai| ina gAthAno para unhone TIkA bhI likhI hai| yaha maskRta me hai / isake antargata unhone pratyeka 'dezI' zabda kA samAnArthI saskRta zabda dene ke sAtha hI usa zabda ko 'dezI' mAnane ke pakSa me tarka bhI diyA hai / saskRta TIkA me ve apane aura apane se pahale ke prAcAryoM ke mato kA ullekha karate hue zabda ke rUpa aura usakI desI sajJA ke praucitya ko vistArapUrvaka spaSTa kara dete haiN| mUlagAthAmro kI saskRta TIkA likhane ke atirikta prAcArya hemacandra ne 'dezI' zabdo ko aura bhI spaSTa karane ke liye, inhI zabdo ko lekara, udAharaNa kI gAthAmro kI racanA kI / pratyeka gAthA ke bAda usakI saskRta TIkA aura TIkA ke bAda ina zabdo ke udAharaNa ke rUpa me gAthAe yahI dezInAmamAlA kA mUla svarUpa hai / iname eka-eka ko lekara unakA vistRta vivecana karanA samIcana hogaa| dezInAmamAlA kI gAthAeM 'dezInAmamAlA' kula 8 vargoM me vibhAjita hai / ina ATha vargoM me kula 783 gAthAe haiN| isakA varga vibhAjana svarAdi krama se hai arthAt prathama varga me aise zabdo kA sakalana hai jo svaro a, A, i, I, u, U, e, o se zurU hote haiM / varga ke prArambha me dva yakSara zabda usake vAdatryakSara, caturakSara, pacAkSara aura isI taraha krama se kahI kahI pATha akSaro taka ke zavda sakalita hai / inakA nirdeza hemacandra svaya hI 'atha' da yakSarA - tryakSarA ityAdi kahakara kara dete hai / ekArthaka aura anekArthaka zabdo kA nirdeza bhI ve karate calate haiM / svarUpa kI dRSTi se dezInAmamAlA' ke tIna vibhAga kiye jA sakate haiM-(1) mUlapATha, isame gAthAe AtI haiM jo dezI zabdo aura unake paryAya tadbhava zabdo kA pratyAkhyAna karatI hai| (2) TokA bhAga yaha saskRta me hai / (3) udAharaNa /

Page #68
58 ] dvitIya varga kaNThyavyajanavarga kahalAtA hai isake antargata kramaza ka, kha, ga, gha vyajano se prArambha hone vAle 'dezI' zabdo kA sakalana kiyA gayA hai / tRtIya varga meM tAlavya vyajano ca, cha, ja, jha se prArambha hone vAle zabdo kA samAhAra kiyA gayA hai / caturtha varga mUrdhanya varNo Ta, Tha, Da, Dha, Na se prArambha hone vAle zabdo se yukta hai / pacamavarNa dantya ta, tha, da, dha, na me prArambha hone vAle zabdo kA samUha hai papTha varga proSTya pa, pha, ba, bha, ma varNoM se prArambha hone vAle zabdo kA makalita spa hai| saptama varga anta stha vyajano ya, ra, la, va tathA dantya sa me prArambha hone vAle zabdo kA sakalana hai / aSTama varga meM kevala UmavaNaM-ha se prArambha hone vAle zabdo kA sakalana huA hai| ima Upara ginAye vyajana vargoM me zabdo kA pAkhyAna vyajano meM nihita svaro ke krama se kiyA gayA hai-jaise kaNThyavarga ke k se prArambha hone vAle zabdo kA pAkhyAna karate samaya prAcArya sarvaprathama prakArAnta k se prArambha hone vAle zabdo kA pAkhyAna karate haiM jaise kallA kavisa majje kalikallolA vivaksammi / kacca koDumba kajje kassokaccharo a paDa kammi / / 211 isa gAthA me kallA, kavisa, kalI tathA kallola, kacca, kacchara prAdi zabdo kA AdibhUta vyajana k a svarasayukta hai| isI prakAra anya svaro se yukta zabdo kA pAkhyAna karate samaya ve gAthA ke pahale kI eka pakti me 'atha' ikArAdaya , ukArAdaya ekArAdaya Adi kahakara nirdiSTa kara dete haiM / ' ekArthaka aura anekArthaka zabdo kA pratyAkhyAna karane ke pahale bhI ve 'ityekAryA' atha anekArthA Adi kahakara nirdiSTa karate calate haiM / svara varga kI bhAti hI vyajana vargoM me bhI pahale ha yakSara phira vyakSara, caturakSara Adi zabda krama se pratyAkhyAyita kiye gaye haiM / isa prakAra 'dezI' zabdo aura unake paryAyavAcI 'tadbhava' zabdo kA pratyAkhyAna karane vAlI 'dezInAmamAlA' kI mulapATha se sambandhita gAthAe svarUpa kI dRSTi se kahIM bhI duruha nahI haiM / kadamakadama para AcArya durUhatAyo ko miTAne ke lie saketa dete calate haiM / gAthAo ke svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa ho jAne ke bAda pratyeka varga meM nihita gAthAro kI saMkhyA kA ullekha kara denA bhI samIcIna hogaa| ise agra prakAra se spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai varNo me nihita svaro kA nirdeza karane ke atirikta kozakAra naye vyajana se prArambha hone vAle zabdo kA nirdeza karane meM bhI nahIM cuukte| ca se prArambha hone vAle zabdo kA pratyAkhyAna ho jAne para cha se prArambha hone vAle varNoM kI zuruAta karane ke pahale ve likha dete haiM-'athadvAdaya' yahI paripATI unhoMne pUre granya me apanAyI hai|

Page #69
[ 59 varga garamA gAthAro kI sakhyA 174 112 prathama dvitIya tRtIya caturya panama 62 varga jiname prArambha hone vAle zabdavarga meM prAtyAyita hai| svara varNa kaThya varNa tAlavya varNa madvaMnyavarNa dantyavarNa prIvya varNa anta mya varNa Upama varNa 51 63 148 saptama 96 pATama 77 kula 783 Upara kI tAlikA me dimAye gaye 8 vargoM kI 783 kArikAno me kula 3978 dezI zabdo kA pratyAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai / zabdo kI saMkhyA kI dRSTi se prathama varga me lagabhaga 787, dvitIya me lagabhaga 570, tRtIya me lagabhaga 327, caturtha me lagabhaga 265 pacama me lagabhaga 312, paSTha me lagabhaga 800 saptama me lagabhaga 825 aura aSTama me kevala 92 dezI zabdo kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / vRtti yA TIkA bhAga siddhahema zabdAnuzAsana' kI bhAti hepacandra ne apane isa koza grantha ko bhI TIkA svaya hI likhI hai / 'dezInAmamAlA' kI mUla gAyAe prAkRta me hai / ina gAthAno me nihita zabdo ke bhAva ko samajhAne tathA grantha ko prAmANika ena mahattvapUrNa siddha karane ke liye inhone isakI TIkA saskRta bhApA me likhii| yaha bAta to vilkula saca hI hai ki yadi hemacandra apane isa grantha kI mUla gAthAno para TIkA na likhate to ima koza kA samajhanA sAmAnya logo ke lie atyanta durUha hotA / dezInAmamAlA me nihita vipaya atyanta vivAdAspada haiM / bhASAmo ke athAha sAgara me bUnda ke samAna dezI zabdo ko alaga kara unakA pAsyAna karanA aura vibhinna vivAdo se baca nikalanA eka kaThina kAma thaa| isake lie eka vistRta tarka pUrNa pRSThabhUmi kI AvazyakatA thii| hemacandra ne isI bhAvanA se saskRta TIkA likhI hogii| TIkA ko dekhane se patA calatA hai ki unhone jitane bhI zabdo ko dezI kahA hai unakA koI na koI kAraNa hai / aura inhI kAraNo kA spaSTIkaraNa ve apanI saskRta TIkA me karate calate haiM / ve svaya hI batAte haiM ki paramparA me kaI 'dezIkAra' hue haiM parantu iname se

Page #70
601 adhikatara anekoM bhUleM karane vAle hai| hemacandra unakI kamiyo kI prora maketa karate haiN| yaha sArA kArya ve mUla gAthA gro kI choTI mI mImA ke bhItara nahIM kara sakate the / eka jagaha prAcIna dezIkAro kI sarAhanA karate hue tathA prAvunika (apane samakAlIna) dezIkAro aura unake vyArayAtAyo kI avamAnanA karate hue likhate haiMadhunAtana dezI kArANA tadvyAtyAtRraNAca kiyanta samohA parigaNyante / / prAcArya hemacandra ne apane ima koza me lagabhaga 4000 zabda mAlita kiye hai| iname kevala 1500 zabda hI aise haiM jinhe 'dezI' kahA jA sakatA hai|' zeSa kucha to tatsama haiM, kucha tadbhava aura kucha arddha tatsama / parantu prAcArya sabhI zabdo ko 'degI' hI kahate haiN| isake lie ve kahI paramparA kA mahArA lete haiM to kahI kimI vidvAna kA / "dezInAmamAlA" me makalita koI bhI aimA tatmama yA tadbhava zabda "deNI" ke rUpa me saMgrahIta na milegA, jisake lie hemacandra ne TaTakara tarka na diyA ho / ina tatsama yA tadbhava zabdo kA grahaNa kahIM ve pUrvAcAryAnurodhAt "kahI aprasiddhattvAt" to kahI (merI rAya me) pramAdatvAt (yadyapi kahI vRtti me yaha pAyA nahIM phira bhI kaI jagaha hemacandra pramAda kara gaye haiM) karate hai| ina sabhI bAto kA pratipAdana unhone grantha kI snopajJavRtti (TIkA) me hI kiyA hai| hemacandra ke isa granya ke vRtti bhAga kI viziSTa mahattA paramparA me hue dezIkAro ke ullekha ke kAraNa bhI hai| prAcArya hemacandra ne apane dvArA sakalita zabdo ko dezI siddha karane tathA anya prAcAryoM dvArA "dezI" kahe gaye zabdo ko kahI-kahI na mAnane ke sadarbha me, pUre grantha ke vIca kula 12 dezIkAro kA nAmollekha kiyA hai / jahA-jahA aura jina-jina kozakArI kA nAma liyA hai umakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai| 1. abhimAna cihna inhone sUtra rUpa me eka "dezIkoza" kI racanA kI thii| isake sAtha zabdArtha sUcI aura udAharaNa bhI diye gaye the| inakI vyAsyA udkhala nAmaka vidvAn ne kI thI yadyapi inhone kaI jagaha unake sUtro ko na samajha kara bhUleM kI haiM hemacandra ne apane ima grantha me inakA ullekha-1-144, 6-93, 7-1, 8-12,17 me kiyA hai| 2 avantisundarI : isa nAma kI vidupI kA ullekha hemacandra ne "dezInAmamAlA" me tIna sthAno 1. aba taka de nA. para kArya karane vAle rAmAnujasvAmI prabhUti vidvAno kA yahI mantavya

Page #71
[ 61 para kiyA hai-prathama varga kI 81 vI, 144 vI, aura 157vI gAthA kI vRtti me / avantisundarI nAma kAphI bhrAmaka hai| kucha loga ise dhanapAla kI bahina "sundarI" batAte haiM jisake zabdajJAna ke lie dhanapAla ne "pAialacchInAmamAlA" kI racanA kI thii| parantu vahA (pAialacchInAmamAlA) me prApta ullekha ko dekhate hue sundarI itanI vidupI nahIM ho sakatI ki AcArya hemacandra jaisA vidvAn apane koza me usakI carcA kare / kucha vidvAn "avantisundarI" ko rAjazekhara (kazmIrI kavi) kI patnI batAte haiM / "kapUra-majarI" me eka avanti sundarI kI carcA pAtI bhI hai jisakI AjJA se isakA abhinaya kiyA gayA thaa| yaha sambhAvanA satya ke adhika nikaTa hai| 3 gopAla inhone zloko me eka dezIkoza kI racanA kI thI aura saskRta me inakA artha bhI de diyA thA / dezInAmamAlA me hemacandra inakA ullekha 1-25, 31, 45, 2-82, 3-47, 6-26, 45,72,7-2,76, 8-1,16, tathA 67 meM karate haiN| anya dezIkAro ne bhI inakA ullekha kiyA hai / 4 devarAja : inhone eka chandabaddha dezIkoza kI racanA kI thii| hemacandra kI hI bhAti inhone bhI dezI zabdo ke prAkRtaparyAyavAcI diye haiN| hemacandra inakA ullekha tIna jagaha 6-58, 72 tathA 8-17 me karate hai| prathama do sthAno para hemacandra inake mata kA samarthana karate hai parantu antima 8-17 me unhe devarAja kA mata mAnya nahI hai / devarAja dvArA likhA gayA koza prakaraNo me zabda kI prakRti ke AdhAra para vibhAjita hai| 5 droNa ___ ye bhI eka dezI koza ke racayitA ke rUpa me ullikhita hai parantu inake anya ke bAre me aba taka kucha patA nahIM calA hai / hemacandra inakA ullekha eka jagaha (8/17) me apane mata kA samarthana karane ke lie karate hai 1-18,50 tathA 6-7 me hemacandra inhe apane mata kA samarthana na karane vAle prAcArya ke rUpa me ullikhita karate hai| 6. dhanapAla: dhanapAla ne eka zabdakoza kI racanA kI thii| isake atirikta unake 1. paaialcchiinaammaalaa|

Page #72
62 ] anya kisI koza granya kA ullekha kahIM nahIM miltaa| hemacandra ne inakA ullekha 1-141, 3-22, 4-30, 6-101, 8-17 meM kiyA hai |prntu hemacandra ne dhanapAla ke nAma se jitane bhI uddharaNa diye haiM ve "pAigralacchInAmamAlA" me nahI milate / isake atirikta "pAialacchInAmamAlA" me makalita zabdo kI carcA karate hue bhI ve isa sadarbha me dhanapAla kA nAma nahI lete / vahA "ityanye" kahakara Age baDha jAte haiM / aba yahA do hI sambhAvanAe ho sakatI hai / eka to yaha ki dhanapAla ne "pADagralacchInAmamAlA" ke atirikta koI dUsarA bhI koza likhA thA aura usI se hemacandra ne ye uddharaNa liye / dUsare dhanapAla nAma kA koI dUmarA kozakAra rahA ho jisane mahattvapUrNa dezIkoza kI racanA kI ho / prAra0 pizela' kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki "dezInAmamAlA" me ullikhita "ghanapAla" pAigralacchI nAmamAlA" ke racayitA dhanapAla me alaga vidvAna rahA hogaa| isa bAta ke samarthana meM ve do tarka dete haiM - eka to yaha ki "pAialacchInAmamAlA" jise ki dhanapAla ne svaya hI dezIkoNa kahA hai, racane ke bAda, unheM usI prakAra kA dUsarA dezIkoza likhane kI aAvazyakatA kyoM paDI / eka hI vidvAn dvArA eka hI samaya me eka hI viSaya para do anya paramparA me dekhane ko nahIM milate / dUsarI bAta yadi dezI koza se uddharaNa dete samaya hemacandra ne dhanapAla kA nAma liyA to "pAipralacchI nAmamAlA" ke uddharaNo me unhoMne dhanapAla kA nAma grahaNa na karake "ityanye" yA "itikecit" kyo likhA ? kyA isase dhvanita nahIM hotA ki hemacandra kI dRSTi me dhanapAla kA koI mUlya nahIM thaa| ina takoM ke AdhAra para unhone yaha siddha karane kA prayAma kiyA ki hemacandra dvArA ullikhita dhanapAla koI anya vidvAn rahe hoMge jinhoMne eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa dezIkoza kI racanA kI thii| 7. pAThoTUkhala : inakA ullekha AcArya ne kevala eka bAra (8-12) me kiyA hai| ye sabhavataH "] vedture to suggest that Dhanpal quoted by Hemchandra is quite different from the author of Paiya lacbhidammala If They are identical it would be impossible to conceive how one person could teach one and the same word in two different works and that too in different forms, as it would be necessary to suppose from VI 101 Again I do not see any reason why he should compose two Kosas of the same kind instead of one comprehensive one The Paiyalacbhi is a very meagre production and the number of Desi words taught in it is very small The Kosa of the other Dhanpal must have been a work of considerable merit to deserve to be quoted by Hemchandra by the name of author." Desi Nammala-Introduction I P-13

Page #73
[ 63 vahI udUkhala hoge jinakA ullekha abhimAna cihna dvArA likhe gaye koza ke vyAkhyAkAra ke rUpa meM kiyA jA cukA hai| 8. pAdaliptAcArya prAcArya hemacandra ne inakA eka sthAna (1-2) para nAmollekha mAtra kiyA hai| inake mata kA ullekha pUre granya me kahI bhI nahI huA hai / hemacandra (1-2) me itanA hI batAte haiM ki inhone eka dezIkoza kI racanA kI thii| aisA lagatA hai jaise inakI aura hemacandra kI mAnyatA eka hI thii| hemacandra ne avazya hI inake grantha se preraNA lI hogI / koI matavirodha na hone ke kAraNa hI inakA kahI ullekha nahI kiyA hogaa| 9 rAhulaka . ___ inakA ullekha kevala eka sthAna (4-4) para huaA hai| inhone kisI dezI koza kI racanA kI thI yA nahI yaha spaSTa nhii| inakA nAmollekha bhI sIdhe nahI huyA hai| vahA "Tola" zabda ke artha para vivAda hai| anya logo ke dvArA diye gaye artha ko na svIkAra kara hemacandra ne "rAhalaka" ke artha ko svIkAra kiyA hai| yaha sthala draSTavya hai -"Tolo zalabha / Tolo pizAca ityanye / yadAha / / Tola pizAcamAhu sarve zalama tu rAhulaka / . . . . . ." // 414, pR0 158 10 zAmba inakA bhI ullekha hemacandra ne kevala eka hI sthAna (2-48) para kiyA hai / yahA "komuI" zabda para vivAda uTha khaDe hone para ve zAmba kA mata uddhRta karate haiN| "ko muI sarvApUrNimA / zaradya va paurNamAsI kaumudI rUDhA / iha tu yA kAcipUrNimA sA komuii| ataeva ca desI / yadAha / / komuImAha ca zAmbo yA kAcitporNamAsI syAt // 2/48, pR0 101 "kaumuI" zabda ko "tadbhava" na mAnakara "dezaja" mAnate hue hemacandra zAmba kA ullekha karate haiN| isase lagatA hai zAmba ne kisI koNa kI racanA avazya kI hogI parantu usake bAre me anya koI bhI ullekha nahIM miltaa| 11. zIlADaka : inhone bhI dezIkoza ko racanA kI thii| para inase sabadhita vizeSa ullekha kahI nahI miltaa| hemacandra ne inakA ullekha tIna jagaho (2-20, 6-96) tathA (7-40) para kiyA hai| 2-20 me "kaDabhuyA" zabda me hemacandra unase matabheda prakaTa karate haiM 6-96 aura 8-40 zabdo ke rUpa para apanA mata bheda pradarzita karate haiM /

Page #74
64 ] 12. sAtavAhana : inakA ullekha hemacandra ne 3-41, 5-11,6-15,18,19, 112, 125 meM kiyA hai| ullekha ke AdhAra para inheM "gAhA satasaI" kA sakalanakartA "hAla mAtavAhana" kahA jA sakatA hai hemacandra sAta bAra inakA uralepa karate haiM ve yaha divAnA cAhate haiM ki hAla ne (vahA cacita) zabdo kA zrayaM unase alaga haTa kara lagAte hue apane sagraha anya (gAhAsatasaI) meM prayoga kiyA hai| parantu jina zabdo ke sadarbha me hemacandra sAtavAhana kI carcA karate haiM ve zabda "gAhAsatamaI" me kahI nahI milate / ho sakatA hai ye koI anya sAtavAhana ho| Upara ginAye gaye vidvAno me abhimAna cihna, devarAja, pAdalipta aura sAtavAhana "gAhAsatamaI" ke kavi ke rUpa meM bhI prApta hote haiM / ina vidvAna kaviyo ke atirikta hemacandra ne kucha prasiddha granyakAro kA ullega bhI spaSTa rUpa meM kiyA hai / iname kAlApA (1-6), bharata (8-72) bhAmaha (8-39) zrIra vinA nAmollekha kiye halAyudha se mI (1-5 aura 2-8) me uddharaNa diyA hai / vidvAno ke nAmollekha ke atirikta hemacandra ne isa granya me kaI granyo kA bhI ullega kiyA hai| iname kucha "dezIkoza" ullekhanIya hai / jaise sArataradezI, abhimAnacihna sUtrapATha; 'dezIprakAza' dezImAra (imakA ullekha kramadIzvarI ne apane 'sakSiptasAra' nAmaka graMtha me 8veM adhyAya ke pRSTha 47 para bhI kiyA hai) ityAdi / vidvAno aura grantho kA nAmollegva karane ke atirikta hemacandra ne anekoM vidvAno kA mata vinA nAma liye hI uddhRta kiyA hai| unakA vivaraNa isa prakAra haianye (1-3, 20, 22, 35, 47, 52, 62, 63, 65, 66, 70, 72, 75, 78, 87, 89, 99, 100, 102, 107, 112, 151, 160 aura 163, 2-11, 12, 18, 24, 26, 29, 36, 45, 47, 50, 51, 66, 67, 77,79, 89 aura 98, 3-3, 6, 8, 28, 40, 41, 58 tathA 59, 4-3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 18, 22, 23, 26, 33 tathA 44 pIra 47, 5-~9, 30, 33, 36, 40, 45, 50 tathA 61, 1. cevara dvArA sammAdita / 2 lAlA dIkSita ne apanI mRcchakaTika kI TIkA meM isakA uddharaNa diyA hai|

Page #75
[ 65 6-14, 15, 16, 21, 24, 25, 26, 28, 42, 48, 53, 54, 61, .63, 75, 81, 86, 88, 91, 93, 94, 97, 99, 105, 106, 116, 121, 132, 134, 140 tathA 145, 7-2, 16, 17, 18, 21, 31, 33, 37, 44, 45, 48, 62, 68, 69, 74, 75, 76, 88 tathA 91, ___8--10, 15, 18, 22, 27, 35, 36, 38, 44, 45, 59 tathA 67) / eke (2-89, 4-5 aura 12, 6-11, 7-35, 8-7), kazcit (1-43, 2-18, 3-51, 5-13, 8-75) 7 kecit-(1-5, 26, 34, 37, 41, 46, 47, 67 79, 103, 105, 117, 120, 129, 131 tathA 153, 2-13, 15, 16, 17, 20, 29, 33, 38, 58, 59, 87 tathA 89, 3--10, 12, 22, 23, 33, 34, 35, 36, 44 aura 55, 4-4, 10, 15 tathA 45 5-12, 21, 44 aura 58 6-4, 55, 80, 90, 92, 93, 95, 96, 110 tathA 111 7--2, 3, 6, 47, 58, 65, 75, 81 tathA 93, 8-4, 51, 69 tathA 70, pUrvAcAryA (1--11 aura 13), yadAha (1-4 aura 5) halAyudha (1-37,75, 121, 171, 2-33, 48, 98, 3-23, 54, 4-4, 10, 21, 24 tathA 45, 5-1 aura 63, 6-15, 42, 78, 81, 93, 140 aura 140, 7-7146, 58 tathA 84, 8-1, 13, 43 tathA 68), yadAha (1-5, 3-6 tathA 4-15), isI prakAra ke anya sarvanAmo ke sAtha 1-18, 94, 144 tathA 174, 3-33, 4-37, 6-8, 58 tathA 93, 8-12, 17 aura 28 / itanI adhika sakhyA me vidvAno kA nAma dekhakara koI bhI vyakti hemacandra ke adhyavasAya aura unakI ImAnadArI kI sarAhanA kiye binA nahIM raha sktaa| heracandra kahI dhokhe se bhI yaha bAta nahI kahate ki yaha unakA maulika grantha hai / sthAnasthAna para unhoMne yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki 'dezInAmamAlA' kA saMgraha isI prakAra ke purAne grantho ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| jisa kisI sthala para prAcIna prAcAryoM me matabheda dikhAyI paDatA hai aura ve svaya bhI apanI koI spaSTa rAya nahIM de pAte, vahA atyanta vinamratA pUrvaka, 'tadaiva granthakRdvipratipatto vahujJA pramANam / ' aisA kahate dekhe jAte haiM / jahA kahI ve pUrvAcAryoM se alaga haTakara apane mata kA pratipAdana karanA

Page #76
66 ] cAhate haiM vahAM spaSTa rUpa se sakAraNa apane mata kA pAkhyAna karate hai| 1 47 meM unhone 'avaDAkkiya' aura avaDakkiya' ina do zabdo ko alaga-alaga kiyA hai| pahale ke kozakAro ne ina dono zabdo ko samAnArthI batAyA thA, para hemacandra ne una zabdo ke vipaya me uttama granyo kI chAnabIna karake apanA nirNaya diyA-ammAbhistu sAradezI nirIkSaNena vivekaH kRt.| isI prakAra kahI-kahI vivAda paTA ho jAte para ve atyanta sIdhe-sAde Dhaga se 'kevalam sahRdayA pramANam' kahakara vivAda kI samApti kara dete haiM / prAcArya hemacandra kI inhI vizeSatAyo ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue 'jIgaphIDa golDazmitta ne kahA thA-'dezInAmamAlA' uttaga-zreNI kI mAmagrI dene vAlA grantha hai / ' aura yaha uttama sAmagrI 'dezInAmamAlA' kI vRtti (TIkA) me nihita hai| ___ isa prakAra 'dezInAmamAlA' kI bhASA vaijJAnika mahattA isa bAta me to hai ki yaha 'dezI' zabdo kA pratyAsyAna karane vAlA eka mAtra granya hai, parantu vRtti ko alaga kara dene se vaha mUlyahIna sA ho jaayegaa| isa grantha kI vRtti isakI prAgarUpA hai / isa vRtti ke mAdhyama se hemacandra ne lambI paramparA me hue zabdo se sambandhita adhyayana ko eka hI sthAna para spaSTa kara diyA hai / 'dezInAmamAlA' me pAyI huI udAharaNa kI gAthAe prAcArya hemacandra ne 'dezInAmAlA' kI mUlagAthAno para vRtti (TIkA) likhane ke ke bAda una zabdo kA prayoga batAne ke lie kucha udAharaNa bhI de diye hai / udAharaNa kI ye gAthAe 'ekArtha' zabdo kI TIkA ke bAda dI gayI haiM / 'anekArtha' zabdo ke pratyAkhyAna me prAcArya ne koI bhI udAharaNa kI gAthAe nahIM likhI hai / udAharaNa kI ye gAthAe atyanta kavitvapUrNa aura tatkAlIna yugajIvana ko pratyakSa karAne vAlI haiM / udAharaNa kI ye gAthAe svaya hemacandra dvArA racita haiM yA bAda me inake ziSyo ne likhA, isa viSaya para thoDA vivAda avazya hai para adhikatara vidvAn inheM prAcArya hemacandra dvArA hI racita mAnate hai / ina padyo kA svarUpa bhI yahI dyotita karatA hai ki prAcArya ne dezI zabdo ko AsAnI se kaNThastha kiye jAne kI suvidhA ke lie ina padyo kI racanA kI hogii| ricarDa pizela ne dezInAmamAlA kI bhUmikA me hemacandra ke ina padyo kI baDI kaDI AlocanA kI hai| unakA vicAra hai ki ye padya adhikatara nirarthaka aura kevala zabdo kA udAharaNa mAtra de dene ke lie likhe gaye hai| unakI dRSTi me ye 1 jIgakrIDa golDazmitta-hoyatze liTerATraratsAiTa ga 2, 1109 / 2. Pinchel-Introduction to Desinammala P 29-30 II Edition

Page #77
[ 67 artha kI dRSTi se atyanta kliSTa aura sAhityika dRSTi se sarvathA mahattvahIna haiM / pizela apanI kaThinAI vyakta karate hue kahate hai kahIM-kahIM to ye padya itane kliSTa hai ki mujhe aAja naka bhI samajha me nahI pA sake / ina padyo me Aye hue zabdo kA sahI-sahI artha laga jAne para bhI inakA prAzaya samajhanA atyanta durUha kArya hai| pizela kI isa kadu pAlocanA ko unakI apanI kamI batAte hue pro0 muralIvara banarjI ne apane dvArA sampAdita 'dezInAmamAlA" kI bhUmikA me yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki yadi ina udAharaNo ko zuddha karake paDhA jAye to inase atyanta ramaNIya artha dhvanita hotA hai / ' pizela kI sabase baDI kamI yahI hai ki unheM padyo ke pATha ke bAre meM aneko bhrAntiyA hai| inhI bhrAntiyo ke kAraNa padyo kA artha bhI spaSTa nahIM ho pAtA / unhone kaI udAharaNa dekara pizela ke dvArA kI gayI bhUlo kI ora saketa bhI kiyA hai / kucha udAharaNa draSTavya hai prathama varga kI 22 vI gAthA kA 20 vA udAharaNa pizela ke dvArA nimna prakAra paDhA gayA hai ammAigrAi diNNAvahena tuhare avattharArihai / NAvalia ja jAva ya raseNa ta kisaliyo asou hava / / pro0 muralIdhara banarjI dvArA zuddha kiyA gayA pATha isa prakAra hai ammAisAi dismAvahena tuhare avatyarArihai / nAvaliya ja jAvayaraseNa ta kisaliyo asouvva // chAyA-anumArga gAminyA dattonukampA tavare pAdAghAtam nUnam / nAsatya yat yAvaka raseNa ta kisalito-azoka iva // pizela ne isa padya me "yAva" aura "ya" alaga karake paDhA thA / ata usakI chAyA "yAvacca" karane para arthagata kaThinAI svaya hI utpanna ho jaayegii| yadi ina dono ko milAkara paDhA jAye to "yA vaka" zabda bnegaa| aisA kara dene para yahA eka ramaNIya artha kI vyajanA hotI hai| ___ nAyaka aura nAyika Age pIche cale A rahe haiN| nAyaka atyanta prasanna vadana dikhAyI de rahA hai| nAyaka kI isa prasannatA kA kAraNa koI anya vyakti vatAtA hai 1 Introduction to Desinammala by MD Banerjee I Part.

Page #78
___68 ] "he yuvaka / avazya hI tere pIche pIche pAne vAlI yuvatI ne tujhe apane mahAvara bhare pairo se Thokara mArI hai jisake kAraNa tU azoka vRkSa ke samAna praphullita hA uThA hai|" uparyukta artha ko dekhakara kauna aimA sahRdaya sAhityika vyakti hogA jo hemacandra ke uccakoTi ke kavitva meM avizvAsa kregaa| usI prakAra anekI sthatI para pizela ko bhrAntiyA huI / unhone zuddha pATha na hone ke kAraNa hI isa prakAra arthagata durUhatA anubhava kI thii| uparyukta kArikA meM "yAvacca" kA artha aura nava taka nizcita hI arthagata dushatA kA janaka hai / dono pado ko milAkara paDhA huyA "yAvaka" pada "mahAvara" kA artha detA hai / yaha artha pAte hI padya me eka uccakoTi kA kavittvapUrNa prAzaya vyajita hone lagatA hai| yaha vAta to mAhitya meM sarvathA prasiddha hI hai ki azoka me puSpa tabhI pAte hai jaba koI madamiktanavayauvanA apane pAlaktaka lage caraNo se usa para prahAra karatI hai| yuvaka kI prasannatA kA kitanA vyajanApUrNa kAraNa ina paktiyo meM batAyA gayA hai| isI prakAra kA eka udAharaNa aura bhI draSTavya haipizela dvArA diyA gayA pATha prohakari pohar3ha ca ya prolu ki ca sAravesudhara / zroculle prolima daTTa, prolippihI tuha ganandA / / 1-121-153, pR0 70 saskRtachAyA hasanazIle hAsya ca ca channa ramaNa krIDAca samAracaya gRham / cullyekadeza upadehikA dRSTvA hasiSyati tava nanandA / / pro0 vanarjI dvArA parizuddha pATha aohakari prauhaTa Dha caya aolu ki sAravesughara / zroculle prolima daThTha aolippihI tuha nandA / / chAyA hasanazIle hAsya tyaja chanmaraNa krIDAca samAracaya gRham / cullyekadeza upadehikA dRSTvA hasiSyati tava nanandA / / "hAsya rata vAle / apanI hasI aura channaramaNa krIDA ko tyAga ghara ko sApha sutharA karo nahI to tumhAre rasoI ghara ke cUlhe ke Asa-pAsa sapheda cITiyo ko reMgate dekhakara tumhArI nana~da ha~sI kregii|"

Page #79
[ 69 isa padya meM "ca ya" ko alaga-alaga paDhane se artha to koI nikalA hI nhii| patA nahI pizela ko yaha bAta kyo nahI sUjhI ki vAkya ke bIca "ca" jaisA vyajana jaisA kA taisA nahI banA raha sakatA / dono ko milAkara "caya" banatA hai jo saskRta "tyaja" kA tadbhava hai| isI prakAra pizela ne kaI jagaha Azuddha paDha jAne kI bhrAntiyA kI haiM / pro0 muralIdhara banarjI ne apane dvArA sampAdita dezInAmamAlA kI bhUmikA me isa prakAra ke kaI udAharaNa diye hai| vahA unhone Upara diye gaye do udAharaNo ke atirikta 1-147-115, 2-30-27, 2-81-66, 3-25-21, 6-131-114, 7-20-17 tathA 7-40-34 me bhI isI prakAra kA pAThagata pramAda batAyA hai sAtha hI zuddha pATha bhI de diyA hai| unakA kathana hai ki isa prakAra yadi gAthAo ke pATha ko zuddha karake dekhA jAya to inase nizcita hI eka sundara mAhityika artha kI vyajanA hotI hai / "rayaNAvalI" kI ye gAthAe to kahI-kahI" "gAhosattasaI" me nihita gAthAgo ke kAvya saundarya se bhI vaDhakara dikhAyI paDatI hai| yadi ye grAryAe~ AcArya hemacandra ke dvArA viracita hai to nizcita hI uname adbhuta kavitvazakti thI / anta me ve isa niSkarSa para pahaMcate haiM ki yadi gAthAmro ko zuddha karake paDhA jAye to nizcita hI ye kAvya-premiyo ke lie adbhuta rasa sayukta hogii| pizela aura unake ziSya inase rasagrahaNa bhale hI na kara sake / "dezInAmamAlA" se prAcArya hemacandra ne udAharaNa ke rUpa me 634 gAthAe likhI haiN| ye gAthAe viSayavastu aura vAtAvaraNa-dono hI dRSTiyo se gAthA saptazatI" ke samIpa rakhI jA sakatI haiN| bhAratIya sAhitya paramparA me "satasaI" narantho kI paramparA bahuta prAcIna hai| ho sakatA hai prAcArya hemacandra ne bhI isI 1 Introduction II PP XLIII to LI Banerjee "If the illustrative Geathos of Hemahandra which have appeared to pichel as examples of extreme absurdity or nonsense' are read correcting the errors made by the copyists in the manner explained above, they will yield very good sense" Banarjee, Introduction II PLI "As the Gathas read in this way (correcting errors) give a good sense, they can no looger be regarded as examples of "incredible stupidity." They will be appreciated, it is hoped by every lover of poetry as a remarkable feot of ingenuity worth of Hemchandra and for beyond the capacity of his (Pichel's) disciples to whom Pichel is inclined to ascribe them" Banerjee-Introduction II PLI

Page #80
70 ] paripATI para apane ye udAharaNa liye ho| isa dRSTi se yadi "dezInAmamAlA" me udAharaNa ke rUpa me AyI huI gAthAgro kA adhyayana kiyA jAye to usakA "gyaNAvalI" nAma bhI sarvathA sAryaka miTTa ho jAtA hai| isa dizA me vicAra karane ke lie yaha upayukta sthAna nahIM hai| isakA sAhityika mUlyAkana prastuta zodha-prabandha ke eka alaga pradhyAya me kiyA jAyegA / gAyApo kA vargIkaraNa "dezInAmamAlA" kI udAharaNa kI gAthAyo ko tIna pramukha vagoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| eka to laukika prema aura 7 gAra me sambandhita gAthAe / iname prema kA vividhAtmaka svarUpa tathA taraha taraha ke nAyaka-nAyikAyo kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / dUsare kumArapAla kI prazasti se sambandhita gAyAe-iname kumArapAla kA parAtrama, usakI dAnazIlatA, yuddha me dikhAyI gayI vIratA tathA zauya grAdi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| tIsarA koTi me Ane vAlI gAthAe vividha lokAcAge sAmAjika devI devatAoM, bhinna-bhinna prAdezika rIti-rivAjo tathA sAmAjika adhavizvAmoM Adi kA vivecana prastuta karatI hai| sAskRtika adhyayana kI dRSTi se ina gAthAoM kA bahuta vaDA mahatva hai| ina tIna viSayo ke atirikta kucha aisI bhI gAthAe haiM jinakI racanA mAtra zabdo ko kaNThamya karane kI suvidhA ke lie kI gayI hai| inameM kisI vizeSa artha kA samAveza na hokara nAmo kI gaNanA mAtra karA dI gayI hai / ina gAthAyo ko bhI tImarI hI koTi ke antargata rakhA jA sakatA hai| pro0 muralIvara vanarjI ne "dezInAmamAlA" kI bhUmikA ke dUsare bhAga me inakA vargIkaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| unhone pratyeka varga kI gAthAyo ko vargIkRta karane ke sAtha hI inakI sakhyAe bhI de dI haiN| vaha vargIkaraNa isa prakAra hai / udAharaNa kI gAthAeM varga laukika zRgAra se kumArapAla kI anya kula sasyA sabavita prazasti prathama varga 762 383 194 133 1, tRtIya koTi kI gAthAyo meM nIti aura upadeza hI mavaMtapradhAna hai| dujana nidA, sajjana prazamA madAcAra kA guNagAna Adi viSayo ko dekhate hue pro. muralIdhara banarjI inakI tulanA "bhUta hari" ke nItizataka ke pannoko se karate haiN| 2 5-7, 10-15, 17-20, 23-26, 28, 32,34 36-39,42, 46-49,51, 52, 55, 56, 58 60, 63 67-73, 75 76,79 81,86, 87, 89, 91,92, 94,96, 98,99, 101-104, 108-110, 112-115, 120, 123-126 131-1331 9, 22, 24, 25,29,31, 40, 41, 43, 45, 50, 53, 54, 57, 62, 65, 66, 74, 78, 80, 83.85, 88, 90, 95, 97, 100, 105, 107, 116 119 127 1301 4. 1, 4, 16, 21, 27, 30, 35, 61, 64, 77, 82, 93, 106, 111, 121, 1221

Page #81
[ 71 varga kumArapAla kI prazasti any| laukika zRgAra se sambanvita 661 kula sakhyA 133 75 86 dvitIya tRtIya caturtha pacama paSTha 364 257 118 109 46 3410 711 912 50 2615 123 saptama 8313 4916 4119 1414 817 920 1918 76 praSTama 1521 65 1. 1, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 17.22, 24-29, 31-36, 38, 40-47, 49 53, 55-59, 62-68,70,72,81,8386,881 2 4, 5, 7, 30, 37, 39, 48, 54,61, 89, 90 / 3 2, 3, 10, 13-16, 23, 60, 69, 71, 82, 87 / 4 2, 4, 6-10, 13-24, 26.30, 32-39, 45, 48, 49, 511 5 3, 11, 12, 40, 41, 46 47 / 6 15, 25.31, 42-44, 50 / 7. 3, 4, 6, 9, 12-15, 18, 21, 25-27, 31-36, 39-41 43,45, 46 / 8. 7, 8, 10. 11, 16, 19, 20, 24, 29, 30, 42 / 9 1, 2, 5, 17, 22, 23, 28, 37, 38,441 10 1-11, 13-16, 18, 20, 22, 26, 28, 30, 31, 32, 35-38, 40, 41, 43 46, 591 11 12, 21, 23, 25, 42, 47, 48 / 12 7, 19, 24, 27, 29, 33, 34, 39, 491 13 1,4 9 11-14, 16 18, 20, 23-25, 27, 29-31, 33, 34, 36-43, 46 48-53.55,56,58, 61 67, 69-76,79 80, 82-84,88,89,92-95 97-100, 102-109, 113-117, 119-120, 123 / 14 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, 17, 19, 22, 26, 32, 54, 57, 111, 1181 15 3, 6, 8, 21, 28, 35, 45, 47, 59, 60, 68, 77, 78, 81, 85-87, 90, 91, 96, 101, 103, 110, 112, 122 / 16 1-4, 6, 8 9, 12, 14, 15 17, 19 21, 22, 24 27, 28, 30, 36, 39,41, 43, 44, 46, 50, 52, 56-58,60, 64,66, 67, 69, 70-71, 73, 751 17. 7, 13, 29, 40, 53, 55, 651 18 5, 10, 16, 18, 20, 23, 25, 26, 37,38 42, 45, 51, 59, 68,72, 74, 76 / 19. 1, 7, 9-14, 17-19, 22 30, 34-36, 38, 40, 42-48, 50, 51, 59, 68, 72, 74 761 20. 8, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 51, 57, 611 21 2 6, 15, 16, 20, 21, 31, 32, 49, 52, 56, 65 /

Page #82
___72 1 isa prakAra "dezInAmamAlA" eka zreSTha bhASAvaijJAnika koza hone ke sAtha hI uccakoTi kI sAhityika bhAvabhUmi me bhI yukta hai / upayuMkta tAlikA udAharaNa kI gAthAo me nihita vipaya vastu kA saketa de dene ke lie paryApta hai| ye udAharaNa bhAratIya sAhitya paramparA meM likhe gaye kisI mI "sanamaI" granya meM prAye padyo meM kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM haiM yadi 'rayaNAbalI" ko bhI eka matamaI granya hI kahA jAye to koI atyukti na hogI / isake eka eka udAharaNa sacamuca zreSTha sAhityika ratna haiM / jisa prakAra hemacandra ne apane apabhraza bhASA ke vyAkaraNa se sambandhita sUtro vyAkhyA karate samaya udAharaNa ke rUpa meM ucca starIya mAhityika saundayaM me yukta dohe sakalita kiye, usI prakAra 'rayaNAvalI" meM unhone apanI mvaya kI kavitvazakti ke pradarzana eva zreSTha mAhityika abhivyakti ke lie gAyAe likhii| apanaza vyAkaraNa meM nihita dohe hemacandra ke apane nahIM hai parantu "rayagAvalI" kI gAthAe unakI kavitvapratibhA kI samyagdyotikA haiN| ye gAthAe mApAbhAva tathA alakAra prAdi sabhI kAvyadRSTiyo me uccakoTi kI hai| itanA saba hote hue bhI pizela jaise manIpI ne ina gAthAgoM ke artha maundarya ko dekhane kI cepTA na kara inheM atyanta bhIDI aura prANayahIna batAyA, Avira isakA kyA kAraNa ho sakatA hai| yadi hama ima ora dRSTipAta kareM to pizela ko bhrAti me DAlane vAlI kaThinAI baDI grAmAnI se khojI jA sakatI hai| pizela eka videzI vidvAn the unhoMne saskRta avazya paDhI thI parantu unhe laukika paramparAno aura choTI choTI anya bAto kA jJAna nahIM thA-jitanA ki kimI anya bhAratIya ko binA prayAsa hI hotA hai / unhe jo bhI mUlapratiyA milI unakI tulanA karake avikatara pratiyo meM milane vAle pATha ko hI unhoMne ne mAnyatA dii| unhoMne sambhavata apanI pora me gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra virmaza nahI kiyA / arddha zikSita pezevara lekhako ke dvArA likhI gayI mUla pratiyA hI unake vivecana kA AdhAra thii| ataeva pramAdo kA ho jAnA sarvathA mambhava thaa| apanI isa kaThinAI ko piNela ne svaya bhI vyakta kiyA hai| dUsarI vAta "dezInAmamAlA" me Aye hue "dezIzabdo" kA vAtAvaraNa adhikAzata grAmINa hai aura grAmINa jIvana ke dainandina kI bAteM piNela ke lie jitanI kaThina thI utanI hI "dezInAmamAlA" kI gAthAe bhii| dezInAmamAlA kA mahattva prAcArya hemacandra kA dezI zabdo kA yaha sagraha granya bhASA vaijJAnika eva sAhitya dono hI dRpTiyo se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| jisa prakAra hemacandra kA

Page #83
[ 73 "siddhahamazabdAnuzAsana" paramparA me likhe gaye sabhI vyAkaraNo se pUrNa eva mahattvazAlI hai usI prakAra yaha koza bhI anya kozo me vilakSaNa hai| yadi yaha kahA jAye ki sampUrNa bhAratIya kyA vizva ke sAhitya meM isake samAna vilakSaNa grantha nahI hai to koI atyukti nahI hogI / bhASA vivecana ke sAtha hI uccakoTi ke sAhityika saundarya kI abhivyakti hI isakI apanI vilakSaNatA hai / bhASA vaijJAnika mahattva / hemacandra ke isa koza ke AdhAra para Adhunika bhAratIya Arya bhASAo ke vikAsa kI sAgopAGga kathA likhI jA sakatI hai / Aja kI pracalita sAhityika bhASAmo me kitane hI aise zabda bikhare paDe haiM jinake bAre me hama kucha nahI jAnate / ye zabda-sadiyo se jana-mAnasa meM apanA sthAna banAye hue haiN| inakA pratyAkhyAna atyanta kaThina hai| aise hI zabdo ko paramparA ke sabhI vidvAno ne "desI" kahakara inake bAre me kucha bhI kahane se cuppI sAdha lI hai| prAcArya hemacandra ne inhI kaThina eva dusabhita zabdo kA pratyAkhyAna apane isa dezI koza me kiyA hai / ve isa bAta ko koza ke prArambha me kaha dete haiM ___ dezI du sadarbhA prAya samitA api durbodhA / anAdikAla se calate Aye dezI zabdo kA sadarbha denA atyanta kaThina kArya hai| sadarbha mila jAne para bhI inakA samajhAnA atyanta kaThina hai| "dezInAmamAlA" me aneko "dezI" zabda Aye haiM, isame Aye kula zabda 4 hajAra ke lagabhaga haiM, parantu isake sabhI zabda dezI nahI haiN| ina zabdo kA udbhava aura inakA vikAsa eka sarvathA navIna tathya kA udghATana karatA hai| Arya bhASA me pracalita dezI kahe jAne vAle ina zabdo me 700 se bhI adhika zabda kaula, sathAla, muNDA, draviDa prAdi jAtiyo kI bhASA se sarbhita kiye jA sakate haiM / ye zabda pAryoM aura prAryetara jAtiyo ke ApasI sambandha aura vaicArika AdAna-pradAna kI eka atyanta rocaka kahAnI prastuta karate haiM / isa prakAra tulanAtmaka eva aitihAsika dono hI dRSTiyo se ina zabdo kA bahuta mahattva hai / Adhunika bhASA vijJAna prAcArya hemacandra ke isa patha pradarzaka koza kA cira RNI rhegaa| kitane hI bhASA vaijJAniko ne ina zabdo ke sahAre aneko navIna tathyo kA udghATana kiyA hai / sAhityika mahattva : prathama zadI me Andhra ke hAla sAtavAhana dvArA sakalita prAkRta ke adbhuta kAvya grantha "gAthAsaptazatI" ke samAna hI AcArya hemacandra kI "dezInAmamAlA"

Page #84
74 ] bhI uccakoTi ke sAhityika saundarya me maNDita hai / isakI udAhRta gAthAe maramatA bhAvataralatA eva kalAgata saundarya kI dRSTi me "gAthAsaptazatI" ke samAna hI sAhityika mUlya rakhatI hai / isameM 7 gAra, rati bhAvanA, nakha misa-citraNa, niko ke vilAsabhAva, raNAgaraNa kI vIratA, sayoga, viyoga, kRpaNo kI kRpaNatA, vibhinna prAkRtika rUpa aura dRzya nArI kI mAmala eva mamRNa bhAvanAe tathA nAnA prakAra ke ramaNIya dRzya akita haiN| ina gAthAyo me sthAna-sthAna para nIti, upadeza, sAmAjika-rItirivAja, rAjaparAkrama tathA premI-premikAyo kI vilAsa lIlA variNata mila jAyegI / vizva kI kisI bhI bhASA ke koza me isake mamAna marama padya udAharaNa ke rUpa me nahI milate / koSA me Aye hue kaThina dezI zabdo ko samajhAne kA jo sarala mArga hemacandra ne apanAyA hai vaha sarvathA navIna aura hemacandra ko maulika pratimA kA digdarzaka hai| isa prakAra prAcArya hemacandra kI "dezInAmamAlA" yA "rayaNAvalI" yadi mApA vijJAna kI dRSTi se mUlyavAn zabdo kI khAna hai to sAhitya kI dRSTi se ekatra bahumUlya padyaratno kI nidhi hai / - -

Page #85
rayaNAvalI (dezInAmamAlA) kA sAhityika adhyayana prAcArga hegacandra kRta rayaNAvalI (dezInAmamAlA) bhAratIya Arya bhASA kI eka amulya bhASA vaijJAnika kRti hone ke mAtha hI isa paramparA kI prAkRta bhASAmro kI eka bahumUlya sAhityika nidhi bhI hai / isa kozagrantha me sakalita 'dRzya' zabdo ko kaNThanya karane tathA unake prayoga ko disAne kI dRSTi se prAcArya ne pUre grantha me kula 6341 gAyAno kI racanA kI hai| ye gAthAe sarasatA, bhAvataralatA eva kAvyagata naundarya kI dRSTi me atyanta uccakoTi ko haiM / sAhityika saundarya aura aihipatAparaka abhivyakti kI dRSTi ne ina gAthAmro kI samatA 'gAhAsattasaI' tathA paramparA kI anya kRtiyo se kI jA sakatI hai| grantha me gAthAmro kI sakhyA bhI una mAnyatA ko dRDha banAtI hai / ho sakatA hai prAcArya hemacandra ne ina gAthAno kI kI racanA gAhAmattamaI jame granyo ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kiyA ho / jahA taka viSaya vastu aura umake vAtAvaraNa kA prazna hai, yaha bAta sarvathA upayukta hai / svaya prAcArya dvArA diyA gayA isa kozagranya kA 'rayaNAvalI' (ratno kI mAlA) nAma bhI isI tathya kI ora saketa karatA hai / sacamuca 'rayaNAvalI' kI aneko gAthAe gAhAsattasaI aura govarddhana kRta 'AryAmapsatI' ke padyo ke samAna hI bhAvapravaNatA aura uccakoTi kI sAhityikatA se yukta haiN| sAre vizva ke kisI bhI kozagrantha me itane 1. udAharaNa ko mabhI gAyAe hemacandra phata nahI haiN| kucha gAthAe unhoMne apane pUrvavartI dezIkAro kI racanAmo se liyA hai| isa daSTi se chaThe varga kI 78vI gAthA tathA 8veM varga kI 14vI gAthA vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN|

Page #86
76 ] ucca koTi ke sAhityika udAharaNa dekhane ko nahIM milate / ina gAthAmro ko dekhakara prAcArya hegacandra ke lokajJAna aura unakI gambhIra kavittva pratibhA me cakita raha jAnA par3atA hai| prAcArya hemacandra kI yaha mAhityika abhiruci unake apaghra Na vyAkaraNa me bhI dekhI jA sakatI hai / parantu vahA pAye hue magma padya unhoMne aneko kaviyo kI racanAyo se liye ye / 'rayagAvalI' ke udAharaNo meM unakI ucca koTi kI maulikatA sampanna pratibhA ubhara kara AyI hai| udAharaNa kI ina gAthAyo meM aihikatA paraka zRgAra, ratibhAvanA, nasa-Niya citraNa, raNAgaNagata vIratA, prakRti ke sundara manamohaka citra tayA vividha lokavyavahArI eva utsavI kA citraNa humA hai| ina gAthAno meM nihita eka-eka citra apane pApa meM atyanta bhAva tarala eva prabhAvakArI hai| 'rayaNAvalI' ko gAyAno kI viSaya vastu viSaya vastu kI dRSTi se 'rayaNAvalI' ke padyo ko tIna kauTiyo me rambA / jA sakatA hai (1) laukika prema aura zRgAra se sambandhita padya / (2) kumArapAla kI prazasti se sambanvita vIra bhAvanA ke udbhAvaka padya / (3) vividha lokAcAro, sAmAjika eva naitika niyamo, devI-davatAno tathA bhinna-bhinna prAdezika rIti-rivAjo va andhavizvAsoM se sambandhita padya / (1) laukika prema aura zRgAra se sambandhita padya 'rayaNAvalI' kA kavi laukika prema aura zR gAra-bhAvanA kA paTu udbhAvaka hai| pUre granya meM isa koTi ke padyo kI mavyA hI adhika hai / / ina padyo me nihita " gAra, sayoga, viyoga, viparItarati tathA hAlika yuvaka yuvatiyo kI unmukta premakrIDA atyanta vizada eva kalAtmakatA se yukta hai / gAhAsattasaI ke padyo kI bhAti isake padya bhI grAmINa jIvana kI tarala gArika anubhUtiyo ko prazraya dene vAle haiN| rAta-dina parizrama meM rata rahane vAle kRpaka yuvaka yuvatiyA~, vanI varga ke vilAsI purupa-striyA~ tathA vezyAno aura nagaravadhupro kI unmukta kAmakrIDAyo kA spaSTa akana sthAna-sthAna para huA hai / 'rayaNAvalIkAra' striyo aura puSpo kI svacchanda kAma-krIDAtro ko citrita karane me kahI bhI hicakate nahI / unmukta kAma-moga aura 1 vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie prastuta pravandha kA dvitIya adhyAya draSTavya hai|

Page #87
[ 77 viparIta rati prAdi ke citraNa me kavi atyanta yathArthavAdI hai / ava yahA eka-eka kA anaga-alaga vivecana samocana hogaa| sayoga vagana ___ yaNAvalI' ke magoga-ciga atyanta mAgala, spaSTa pIra ubhare hue haiM / sthAnasthAna para nabhoga priyA meM rata nAyaka aura nAyivAno kI carcA huI hai / ina citro menAmIga jIvana kI samasta kAma-bhAvanA nAkAra ho uThI hai / kulaTAyo, nimna varga kI striyo aura vayAno ke pATa va ugare hue mabhoga citra to sarvathA darzanIya hai / bhayoga ke adhikatara cima vipata anya pAnIya thana aura dUtIvacano ke rUpa meM sivina kiye gaye hai| syagAvalI ke gucha sayoga citro kA udAharaNa nIce diyA jA rahA hai nAyaka dhora nAyikA prAge-pIche cale pA rahe hai / nAyaka prasanna aura (kAmAvaiga ke kAraNa) grAratta muga disAI de rahA hai| nAyaka kI isa prasannAvasthA kA citraNa kitanA vyajanApUrNa haiM 'ammAmA dipaNavahena tuha re pravatyarA rihai / gAvanniya jaM jAvaya raseNa ta kisaligro asouvva / / 1-22-20 // 'yuvaka / avazya hI tere pIche-pIche pAne vAlI yuvatI ne tujhe apane mahAvara mare pairo me Thokara mArI hai jisake kAraNa tU azoka vRkSa ke samAna praphullita ho uThA hai|' nAyaka kI prasannatA kA kitanA vyajanApUrNa kAraNa batAyA gayA hai / mAna kI avasthA meM nAyaka nizcita hI nAyikA ke caraNo para loTA hai tatpazcAt usake pranAda se prAhAdita pIra harA-bharA tathA Arakta mukha dikhAyI paDa rahA hai / yaha to eka atyanta pramiddha mAhityika rUDhi hai ki azoka me puSpa tabhI pAte haiM jaba koI madasikta navayauvanA apane pAlaktaka bhare caraNo se usa para prahAra karatI hai| isI rUTi kA sahArA lekara nAyaka kI prasannatA aura usake tamatamAe hue mukha ke raga kA varNana kitanA vyajanApUrNa hai / ___ jagala me nAyaka-nAyikA krIDArata haiM / krIDA ke bIca nAyikA ke gale me pahanA huyA greveyaka TUTa kara gira paDA, kacukI phaTa gayI / yaha dekhate hI rati tRSita nAyaka greveyaka ko uThAkara chipA letA hai| kitanA mAsala aura uttejaka sayogacitra hai| 1. de0 nA0 mA0, 2194179

Page #88
___78 ] kheta kI rakhavAlI karatI huI gopavAlA kA eka umapA huyA sabhogacitra draSTavya hai umhAvina uluhAligraya vayama mANemu tatya gantUNa / ucchuraNemojiggigyocchupraraNa govigrAi uvalalaya // 1-117-101 / / mamoga kara lene ke bAda bhI atRpta rahatA huyA samavayaska pugpa, atyanta asta huI Isa ko rakhavAlI karane vAlI gopikA ke mAya, Isa ke kheta meM pranidrita maithuna kriyA me gta hai|" imI prakAra ke abhisAra ke aneko mAdaka citra 'rayagAvalI' kI apanI nidhiyA haiM / kulaTA striyoM kA abhisAra citra draSTavya hai gvupA khuNNa taNo khara khuvayapphADianta khaluhAyo / vAmArate kuladAu khuTTinatya prahmiranti / / 2-75-63 / / vRSTi ke nivAraNArtha tRNa ke prAvaraNa me veSTita, atyanta tINa eva kaTIle tRNAdi se vive hue zarIra vAlI kunaTAe gata-dina maithuna karatI huI abhimAra kara rahI haiM / ' eka anya kulaTA macchara kSAdi se yukta sUbe vRkSa ke nIce palakeM banda kiye eka adhama svarNakAra ke mAtha amisAra rata hai| isI prakAra kulaTAgoM ke abhimAra ke anekoM sajIva citra 'rayagAvalI' meM dekhe jA marate hai / aise citro me prAya nimnavarga ke nAyaka aura nAyikAmo kI hI pradhAnatA hai . nAyaka gopa kI cher3a-chADa se ghabarAI huI gopavAlA khIjhakara kahatI haimA kaDDa bajara maha vavahipravacchIva svaveTulla propecchaha kuDilaccI bahuNiyA ma mahattavattArA // 7141135 'rUpagavita mattagopa merI nIvI mata khIca / svarUpavitA merI jyeSThamAryA kuTila prAvo me dekha rahI haiN|' priya milana ke lie prAkula eka grAmINa navavadhU kA citra to marvathA sarAhanIya hai raNavavatyaudraya vakvArayammi vallAdayalla pallaha ke / luDhiyA riNaei vaDhDhAviaNNakajjA vahU daiamagga / / "ghara kA sArA kArya samApta kara-navIna vastro se yukta hokara, sundara-pauyA se yukta rati-gRha me vavU pati kA mArga dekhate hue ulaTa pulaTa kara rahI hai|" 1. de0 nA0 mA0 3150-42

Page #89
[ 79 eka myAna' para navavivAhitA babadhU kI magiyA use prayama milana ke samaya priya ko yaSTi meM dekhane ko zikSA detii| kina nino pratirikta sayogA gAra ke antargata prAne vAlI anya bAnIvanana. ganimAra tayA vividha grIDAyo prAdi kA varNana bhI 'rayaNAvalI' gAraparaka pIyA hai| nAyakA aura nAyikA ko maketa sthala taka le jAne kA punIta gA niyA hI pAratI pAyI hai| isa dRSTi meM bhI kucha udAharaNa dekhane gogaa| ekIkA sthAna para nAyaka ke upasthita hone kI bAta premikA ko batAnI pAnI pAnamA prAlAgamana bAhigirigarina / pANigAjAzi taha mAraNe pravimA go guNagI / / 1161149 "pro gaura binyo prAdi se yana bhADiyo, jala rahita nadiyo aura parvatIya zUna jagala meM yA tithaMka gurati kA jJAtA nAyaka tere lie ghUma rahA hai|" eka pranya datI sAmAdhipati ke putra kI yora ne nAyikA ko saketa sthala para jAne ke lie tamA usane prema karane ke lie samajhAtI ha kahatI hai guTiyAno phucyA guTa gae bhamara tuma aNuratto / ku dayapaTTAna pica Neccami ja kuphphuDA si ta putti / / 2140137 "kka para anurakta grAmAdhipati kA puna eka latA gRha se dUsare latAgRha me ghUma rahA hai| pratyanta kRza ume carmakAra kI bhAti mAnatI haI jo nahI dekha rahI ho to he putrI | kyA unmatta ho gaI ho|' isI prakAra priya milana ke hetu dhArmika anuSThAna mAratI huI eka nAyikA ko saketa sthala kA saketa detI huI dUtI vatAtI hai ki vaha nAyaka bhI usase milana hetu saptacchadapuSpa ke nIce mRgacarma DAla kara anupThAna kara rahA hai| arthAt nAyikA ko maptacchadapuppa ke vRkSa ke pAsa jAnA caahie| eka dUtI nAyaka ke prati nAyikA ke pragADha prema kA citraNa karatI huI usase (nAyaka se) kahatI hai hissaka kAmasaraNikkhayA imA siviriNae tuma daThTha / riNammasua-riNavvittA Ninmugga maNorahA hoi / / 3133132 1. 2. de0 nA0 mA0 / / 8165158 vahI, 3121125

Page #90
80 ] 'he taruNa nizcaya hI svapna me tumhe dekhate hue vaha kAmavANo se pAhata hotI rahatI hai (parantu) mokara uThane para bhagna manorathA ho jAtI hai / ' ___ ina kucha pramukha eva ullekhanIya padyo ke atirikta aura bhI aneko padyo meM dUtiyo aura unake mAdhyama se nAyaka-nAyikAyo ke sayoga ke sundara citra milate haiM / rayaNAvalI ke dUtIvacano aura etadartha ciyita prema prasago meM prAya abhiveyatA kA hI bolavAlA hai / 'gAhAsattasaI' 'grAmiptasatI' 'amaruNataka tathA rItikAlIna granyo kI bhAti isake padyo me prAya pratIyamAnatA nahIM hai / 'rayaNAvatI' kA zRgAra-citragA sAmAnya varga ke nAyaka-nAyikAnI se sambandhita hai, ata umama bhagimA nahIM hai| yadyapi imame hemacandra ke kavitva para koI prabhAva nahIM par3A hai phira bhI dezI zabdo kA udAharaNa prastuta karane ke cakkara me de adhika rahe haiM / bhAvo kI atizayatA ke dyotana me kama / vividha nAyikAeM aura unake abhisAra citra 'rayaNAvalI' ke zRgArika padyo meM abhimAra ke hI citra adhika hai / imame citrita nAyikAyo ko zAstrIyatA ke prAdhAra para vyAsyAyita karanA bhI kaThina hogA / kyoki yaha pahale hI spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki hemacandra kA uddezya mAvagabhita padyo kI racanA karanA na hokara dezI zabdo kA udAharaNa denA rahA hai / ina udAharaNo ke sayojana me kavi ne ucca koTi ke bhAvAtmaka padyo kI racanA kI hai| yaha vahuta kucha aprayatita hI lagatA hai| 'rayaNAvalI' kI nAyikAe gAva kI mAvAraNa kRpaka eva gopa bAlAe haiM / inake atirikta kaI jagaha kulaTAyo aura vezyAo kI bhI carcA haiM / gopavanbU kA eka atyanta mAdaka-citra draSTavya hai - ugracittAraNa upahArINa maggomillarAyaNANa / urusosla UravasaNo taruNANa kuNai uvaujja || 11921108 'dohana kArya se nivRtta, mArga kI ora datta dRSTi, dudha duhane vAlI strI ke / jaghana vastra ko prerita kara vAyu taruNo para bahuta baDA upakAra kara rahA hai|' kulaTA strI kA eka citra dekhane yogya hai tADiayapara vAla kulaDA tAlAi bholavina jAi / tArattareNa tAmaratAmarase sarija tUhammi / / 5110110 'rote hue vacco ko lAjA (lAvA) Adi se phusalAkara kulaTA strI sUrya ke / DUba jAne para nadI ke kinAre (abhisAra hetu) jAtI hai /

Page #91
[ 81 isI prakAra venyAno' nAgarabrAhmaNo kI vadhuro tathA hAlika (kRpaka) guvaniyo ke aneko mAdaka citra dekhe jA sakate haiM / nAyako me sabase adhika carcita grAmAdhipati tathA nAmAdhipati kA putra, yahI dono rahe haiN| anya nAyato meM nAI, mAlI, kRpaka tathA gopa Adi kI carcA huI hai| bhAratIya dRSTi me, kRSNAbhimArikApro aura zuklAbhimArikApro ke citra bhI durlabha nahI haiM / andherI rAta meM chipakara devamandira me ugapati ke mAtha abhisAra ke lie jAne vAlI nAyikA yA ninadanIya hai timirobharagaNisAe ummara uchillakhalA utbhantA / ucchupagyaujmAyano ugra pragaI visai paNDa devaula / / 1179195 'timirAvaguNTina niNA me, gRha kI dehalIja para hI bheda khula jAne se ujhAnta, bhayapUrvaka corakarmarata kI bhAti vaha amatI mandira me praveza karatI hai / ' sapheamAgae uvavaimmi duIi jhatti salaviyA / prahmirai NAyaravahU geDDuriyAdamaraNa miseNa 14146145 'saketa sthala para upapati ke yA jAne para dUtI dvArA zIghra banAyI gayI nAgarabadhU bhAdra zuklapakSa kI dazamI ko manAye jAne vAle utsava vizepa ko dekhane ke bahAne abhisAra ke lie jAtI hai / ' eka halavAI kI patnI dina me hI kusambhI vastra dhAraNa kara 'poI' (latA vizepa) ke vana me upapati ke sAtha ramaNa karane jAtI hai poina cuNTaNa misayo poina varaNammi poina ghrillii| polaccheya kaNTe supomarA peccha abhisarai / / 'nidrA kari latA poI ko tor3ane ke bahAne poI ke vana me jote hue kheta ke kinAre, kusumbhI lAlaraga kA vastra dhAraNa kiye hue halavAI kI patnI abhisAra kara rahI hai / ' zuklAbhisArikA kA eka anya ramaNIya citra draSTavya haibhallUsaricchave se paimmi alase sayAlae bhabhI / candaNaramabhaggataraNa uvavaimahisarai juNhIe / / 6184199 bhAlU ke sadRza vikhare vAla vAle, alasamAna pati ke so jAne para, candana ke rasa se lipta zarIra vAlI asatI cAdanI rAta me upapati ke sAtha abhisAra karatI hai|' 1 2 de0 nA0 mA0 114113113 vahI 114146145

Page #92
___82 ] ina sabake atirikta dina ke ujAle meM hI chipa-chipa kara upanAyako ke mAtha sambhoga karane vAlI nAyikAno ke aneko ciya dene jA sakate haiM / eka nAyikA nadI ke kinAre dhUpa me hI upapati ke sAtha sambhoga me rata hai| Iya ka pena, gopTha tathA ku ja zrAdi me hone vAlI unmukta abhisAra lIlAmo kA to kahanA hI kyA / yahA eka bAta spaSTa kaha denA Avazyaka hai, rayaNAvalI ke zR gArika padoM kA adhika bhAga sambhoga citro ko hI vyakta karane vAlA hai / 7 gArika hAva-bhAva ta yA anya kAmotte - jaka cepTApro para adhika bala na dekara kavi sIdhe-sIdhe atyanta syUla aura mAmala samoga citro ke hI akana me dattacitta rahA hai| adhikatara nAyaka nAyikAno ke grAmINa apaTu aura prazikSita hone ke kAraNa unakI cepTAe bhI imI ke anukUla hai / kula mila kara yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'rayaNAvalI' ke 7 gAra citra isa paramparA kI anya kRtiyo ke joDa me atyanta myUla aura kAmottejaka hai| kinhI-kinhI padyo me to ratikriyA bhI sAkAra ho uThI hai / suratagatA navoDhA vadhU kA eka spaSTa citra sTavya hai-- prAyAsatalovari vallahamyacagyi vayasi rigaNvam / prANadavaDo AyAsalavagrimAriyA ya ta kahai // 1-60-72 // 'ghara ke harmya pRSTha me baiThI huI navavadhU sakhiyo se apane vallabha (pati) ke carita kA gopana kara rahI hai / kintu hayaM pRSTha para phaile hue rudhira-rajita vastra svaya hI saba kucha kaha dete haiN| ___Upara diye gaye kucha udAharaNo se 'gyaNAvalI' meM nihita zRgAra ke padyo kI mUlabhAvadhArA spaSTa ho jAtI hai / jahA taka isake zRgAra-citraNa ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana kA prazna hai, isakI tulanA lokabhApA meM racI gayI zRgArika kRniyo se kI jA sakatI hai / parantu kama se kama ina paramparA kI anya kRtiyo se bhAvagrahaNa kI pravRtti isa racanA ke kavi meM nahIM dikhAyI paDatI / isa vivAda kI carcA Age samucita prasaga me kI jaayegii| mAdaka saundarya-citra ___Upara 'rayaNAvalI' ke kucha sambhoga citro ko spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / isake sambhoga citro kI bhAti isake saundarya-citra bhI pratisthUla mAmala eva kAmottejaka haiM / saundarya varNana ke prasago me kavi jitane bhI citra khIcatA hai| 1. 2 de0 nA0 mA0 4127127 vahI 1144145

Page #93
. [ 83 ve atyanta ubharI huI renAyo paura caTakIle rago se yukta haiM / kucha udAharaNa nIce diye jA rahe haiM - eka naga mundarI lalanA kA varNana karate hue hemacandra kahate haiMghaNiprathamala banakalasa dhuttaggipramba dharangasigra hasina / ghariNaya lahita jugArago mai ghaNNAumattaNa sahala / / 5146158 'pratyanta puSTa aura vimtIrNa kalaza ke mamAna stano, ativistRta nitamba, kapAsa ke mamAna svaccha hagI vAlI priyA ko de cakara yuvaka svaya ko AzIrvAda yukta evaM saphala mAnate haiN|' uccanAbhinana vAlI gaurAgI nAyikA manuSya rUpI mRgo ko prAkarpita karane ke lie godhUma kI kRSi ke samAna hai - kunta na uDDayoNa jANavaNamigAraNa ubavAya va / mayaNega ure raiya tuha ucca u bi goragi / / 1168186 'kezarAzi tRNo kA ghokhA hai / nayana manuSya rUpI mRgo ke bandhana ke lie jAla haiN| prArambha me hI kAmadeva dvArA racita hai uccanAbhitala vAlI gaurAgi / tuma pake hae goghUma kI (phasala kI) bhAti ho| strI-saundarya kA kitanA pAlakArika varNana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| gaurAgI nAyikA ko kAmadeva kI kRSi vatAnA apane grApa me atyanta maulika evaM durlabha kalpanA hai / eka anya sthAna para hemacandra sundarI ramaNI ko kAmadeva kI jIvaka mRgI batAte haiM / jisa prakAra baheliyA mRgo ko AkRSTa karane ke lie jagala me apanI pAlatU mRgI ko bAgha detA hai aura jaba mRga usase prAkRpTa hokara usake pAsa AtA hai tava baheliyA usakA zikAra kara letA hai / umI prakAra sundarI ramaNI bhI kAmadeva rUpI vyAdha kI jIvaka mRgI hai, jise usane yuvaka rUpI mRgo ko AkRSTa karane ke lie choDa rakhA hai jAla paDipAi jAta Na Niasi jIvayamai va mayaNassa / tA mama hariNonba tuma kulaDAjiNNovbhavAu jigyanto / / 'kAmadeva kI jIvakamRgI ke samAna candrazAlA me sthita use (nAyikA ko) nahI dekha raha ho to jAno tuma hariNa ke samAna kulaTA rUpI dUrvAno ko sU dhate hue ghUmo / ' 'rayaNAvalI' ke samasta nakha-zikha varNano me nitamba, kaTi, nAbhi, stana, mukha, nayana aura kezo kA hI varNana pramukha hai| kamala ke samAna Akho vAlI siMha kaTi eka ramaNI rAta me pati ke so jAne para abhisAra ke lie jA rahI hai|| 1 de0 nA0 mA0 8-1-1

Page #94
___84] eka saketa prAptA pIna payodharA bAlA godAvarI hRda kI ora abhigAra ke lie jAtI hai| kucha sthalo para hemacandra ne nAyikAno ke stano kI upamA cakavAya pakSiyo me bhI diyA hai / eka sthAna para vezyAgro ke maundayaM kI bhartsanA karate hue hemacandra taruNo ko unase bacane kI salAha dete haiM mUriprasUraNAsaNamUlAe lihina mUigaNDAe / mayaradaya sUrage mA ta malahovva re paDamu / / 'yantra kI pIDA nathA sUrana ke bhojana ke samAna pUrvAnAta manjarI mahaza kapolo vAlI tathA kAmadeva ke dIpaka ke samAna prajvalita vezyA (ke jAla) me (he tamaNa 1 ) patige ke samAna na pdd|' isI prakAra gujarAta ke kaccha nAmaka sthAna kI kulaTAyo yA vezyAgro ke kaTAkSa kA varNana karate hue hemacandra upadezAtmaka spa me kahate haiM kUsArakhalantapano ke ukae pahina mA bhamara kacche / ja kelIe kUNiya pecchipake pAe pausi pAmemu / / 2147144 / / 'pathika tU gaDhDho se yukta eva kicaDele kaccha ke mArgoM para bhramaNa mata kara, varanA kulaTAro kI Ipanmukulita dRpTi dvArA kiye gaye kaTAkSo ke jAla meM jA pddegaa|' __ mAdaka saundarya citro se yukta, uparyukta prasago ko dekhate hue yaha kahA jA makatA hai ki rayaNAvalI kA saundarya varNana tathA nakha zikha ciyA atyanta bhAvatagla eva ramaNIya hai / kavi kI maulika kalpanAmoM ko dekhate hue yaha sahaja hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki yadi usane svatatra rUpa se padya-baddha nakha-ziva citrA-prastuta kiyA hotA to nizcita hI atyanta maphala rahatA / hemacandra ke saundarya varNana kI yaha paddhati paravartI apabhraza me likhe gaye kAvyo ke saundarya citro me spaSTa hI dekhI jA sakatI hai| bU ki 'ravaNAvalI' kA sArA vAtAvaraNa hI grAmINa hai ata usakI upamAe bhI nAgara na hokara grAmINa hI haiM / maundarya varNana kI kimI paripATI viNepa ko svIkAra kara na calane ke antarAla me bhI yahI tathya nihita hai / 'rayaNAvalI' kA viyoga-citraNa - _ 'rayaNAvalI ke mayoga citro kI bhAti isake viyoga-citra bhI uccakoTi kI sAhityikatA eva kalAtmakatA se yukta hai / sAhityika dRSTi se viyoga ke do pramukha vibhAgo mAna aura pravAsa dono hI kA vizada varNana huA hai / 'rayaNAvalI' ke kucha viyoga-varNana to itane ucca koTi ke haiM ki unakI samatA ke anya citra durlabha haiM / 1. de0 nA0 mA0 8-17-14

Page #95
[ 85. virahatApa kA varNana to apane Apa me atyanta kalAtmaka hai / ava viyoga kI dono sthitiyo kA vivaraNa alaga-alaga de denA samIcIna hogA / mAna parakIyAnurakta nAyaka se kruddha hokara svakIyA mAna karatI hai / umakI sakhI mamajhAte hue kahatI hai pasiya sahi kimiha jutta cira avapusie piyammi avacchuraNa / phAyabvamacchivaDaNa aNNonariyAvarAhassa / / 1138139 / / "he nasi / prasanna hoyo / cirakAla se sayukta hokara rahane vAle priya ke prati tumhAge kopapUrNa bhagimA ucita nahI hai / aparAdha kI sImA ko atikrAnta kara jAne para mI (tumheM upake aparAdha kI prora se) pArA mU da lenA cAhie / " svakIyA ke mAna kA eka anya ramaNIya varNana dekhane yogya hai / pati anya me prAsakta hai isa vAta ko jAnakara kRSNamAramRga ke samAna sundara pAkho vAlI nAyikA, tAmbUla bhAjana me rakhe hue bIDe ko uThAne ke bahAne parAmukhI ho jAtI hai / ' nAyaka ke duSkarmo se du vI svakIyA ume phaTakArate hue pAhatI hai-duSTa / mUrkha | usa kalahazIlA ke kezavandha me puSpo kA pAmela (cUDA) pahanAne vAle / zrava mai tere yogya nahI ha 12 isa prakAra mAna ke aura bhI kaI prasaga isa grantha ke padyo me DhUDhe jA sakate hai| jitane bhI mAna ke prasaga haiM prAya sabhI svakIyA se hI sambandhita hai / kucha prasaga dUtiyo ke mAdhyama se mAna ke citraNa ke bhI haiM, parantu unakA koI viziSTa sAhityika mahattva nahIM hai| pravAsa aura virahatApa ___'rayaNAvalI' ke viyoga citraNo me pravAsajanya virahatApa kA varNana atyanta vizada aura vyajanApUrNa hai / viraha ke ina prasago kI chAyA paravartI hindI rItikAvya para spaSTa hI dekhI jA sakatI hai| viraha ke ina padyo me UhApro kI bhI kamI nahI hai / pravAsajanya virahatApa se sambaddha kucha udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM / viyoga kI avasthA me virahanApa se tApita nAyikA kA varNana karatI huI dUtI nAyaka ko batAtI hai ki vaha strI pAna aura kamala ke puSpo para kupita ho jAtI 1 2. 3. de0 nA0 mA0 4112112 vahI 5140147 vahI 1137 38

Page #96
86 ] hai / ima avasthA me usake liye tumhI mabame musada bannu ho / ' bahuta dino ke pravAsa ke vAda nAyaka ghara lauTA / use nAyikA kI sabI rotI huI milI / gene kA kAragA pUchane para vaha batAtI hai ki durAzaya / maiM inalie rotI hU~ ki tU vivAha karake pravAsa ko calA gayA aura usa bAlA ne viraha roga saha na pAne ke kAragA, mbandha hote hue bhI kue me kUdakara AtmahatyA kara lii| eka dUtI nAyaka ko banAtI hai ki tumhAre guNo dvArA curAye gaye mana vAlI nayA vinha ke kAraNa ati kRzakAya, kAma dvArA prAkrAnta, vaha tanvaGgI tumhArI anupasthiti me udvigna hokara sabhI makhiyo ko tiraskRta karatI hai / 3 naSTa jIvanecyAvAlI kambugrIvA eka nAyikA viraha me itanI tApita haiM ki use zizira Rtu ke ThaNDe dina bhI kholane bAle laga rahe haiN| pravAmI nAyaka ke viraha me hamI choDakara ubhayapakSAghAta se asthira rudana ke kAraNa avaruddha gale vAlI nAyikA ne makhiyo kA bhI rulAte-ralAne kaNThAvarodha kaga diyA hai| virahajvara se pIDita nAyikA zItadAyaka vastuoM ko bhI nahIM mahna kara pAtI / vaha gata me bhojana ko mU ghatI bhI nahIM gAha progragbaDa kamala polaiya Na sahae jaladda pi / provaTTiehi progrAyave vi prosiMhae Na mA asaNaM / / 1-130-162 / / 'kmalo ko nahI sU ghanI, ago me lage hue kapUra ko bhI nahIM sahana kara pAtI / khuzAmada karane para bhI mAyakAla vaha bhojana ko mU patI taka nahIM / ' itanA hI nahIM kele kI chAla eva kmala puppo kI gaiyA bhI usake liye kevAca ke samAna dukhadAyaka hai. vimnara para vaha vijalI kI taraha asthira hokara taDapatI rahatI hai kayanI challi chakuimambujaddi pi yu chui mugi| lieraNa chadaTala piyA terA viNA chaTacalaNa chappaNNA 113/20124 'vijalI ke samAna taDapatI huI asthira gativAlI eva vidagdha priya ke dvArA calI gayI priyA, usake vinA kele kI chAla evaM kamala kI zaiyA ko bhI kevAca ke samAna dukhadAyI mAnatI hai / ' 1 2 3. 4 5. de0 nA0 mA0 1134136 vahI 1146147 vahI 11961112 vahI 11891105 vahI 111101142

Page #97
[ 87 gadharva vivAha ke samaya hI nAyaka dvArA upamukta vartu lAkAra stana vAlI virahiNI nAyikA kI prAso se nitya prAsU kI panAriyA bahatI rahatI hai / / 'rayaNAbalI' ke kucha viyoga varNana pratyanta mArmika aura pratIyamAna artha se yukta hai / eka sthala draSTavya hai - dUnI viraha me rasta kRzakAya nAyikA kI dazA kA citraNa karatI huI nAyaka ge kahatI hai yastalamAriya pemmaya taha vinhe tIi itya taDaphaDina / tabakugumamma mUle propaDiyA muddiyA kAhai 1151919 // 'nirdayapremataruNa / tere viraha meM vaha vAlA kitanA chaTapaTAI thI, yaha kuravaka vRkSa ke mUla meM par3I huI unakI aMgUThI batAtI hai / ' virahajanya chaTapaTAhaTa ke bIca pratikaza ho gayI nAyikA ke hAtha kI agUThI kA gira jAnA svAbhAvika hI hai / yahA viraha ke atireka aura tajjanya kRzatA kA kitanA kalAtmaka ullekha hai| priya ke viraha me gaDI huI lakaDI kI bhAti baDI rahakara nAyikA ne jaise taise rAta bitaayii| umako sasI cintA karatI hai| rAta to bItI suvaha kyA hogA? priya ke agni ke sahaza prasphurita viraha me, pallava kI zaiyyA para leTI huI tathA prAsugro se bhIge hue stano vAlI nAyikA, rAta-dina jalatI rahatI hai / 3 kitanA virodhAbhAma sA lagatA hai, para bAta to saca hI hai. virahAgni eka aisI agni hai jo tana ko jalAtI hai, para usakI lapaTeM nahIM dikhAyI paDatI / phira kRtrima sAdhano se use zamita hI kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai, phira bhI virahAgni me jalatI huI nAyikA kI zAnti ke lie usakI zubhacintaka sakhiyA kucha na kucha upacAra to karanA hI cAhatI hai, yadyapi ye upacAra bhI virahiNI ke lie zAmaka kama uttApaka adhika hote haiM / hemacandra kI aisI hI eka niyoginI nAyikA, naukarAnI ko kRtrima upacAro ke karane se manA karatI huI kahatI hai ki parihaNa jalollasi mayaNe kiM karasi kamalapaDivesa / kuNasi pacattaraNiuNe paDicchie hiprayasallaparihadi / / 6124121 / / "paridhAna ko kyoM jalAkara rahI hai, zaiyyA para kamala puSpa kyo DAla rahI hai, cATukAritA meM nipuNa pratihArI tU hRdaya kI pIDA ke AkarSaNa (kI vastue ) juTA rahI hai|" hemacandra ke isa padya kI tulanA vihArI satasaI ke analikhita dohe se kI jA sakatI hai 1. 2 3 de0 nA0 mA0 4140139 vahI 6118116 vahI 6123120

Page #98
__88 ] are pare na kare hiyo khareM jare para jAra / lAvati ghori gulAba so mile, mile ghanasAra // 1 yahA yadyapi upacAra kI vastue bhinna haiM parantu dono virahariNa yo kI mano. vRtti me paryApta samAnatA hai / isI prakAra hemacandra ne eka anya pada kI bhI tulanA vihArI ke eka dohe kI jA sakatI hai / nAyikA kI sasI nAyaka se usake (nAyikA ke) vipama virahatApa kA varNana karatI huI batAtI hai - sapattiAi saNNattimammi tujjha virahaggiNA hiae / saccevigrAu mAlA sadajaladdayA ya sukkanti / / 8:23118 / / "tumhAre viraha kI agni se paritApita, usa bAlA ke hRdaya para rakhI gayI puSpa kI mAlAe aura jala se bhIgI huI vastue bhI sUkha jAtI haiN|" imI prakAra bihArI kI bhI eka nAyikA viSama viraha tApa se tApita hai| usake tApa ko zamita karane ke lie makhiyA pUrI gulAba jala kI sIsI hI A~vA detI hai, parantu vaha sabakA saba bIca me virahatApa se sUkha jAtA hai / eka choTA bhI unake zarIra para nahIM pdd'taa|' vAta dono eka hI haiM, para stara kA antara hone ke kAraNa dono me bheda A gayA hai / prAcArya hemacandra kI nAyikAe jisa varga se sambandhita haiM, vaha varga itra, tela, phulela aAdi kI bAteM nahIM jAnatA vaha to sahaja prApya vastupro kA hI prayoga karatA hai / viraha zamana ke lie phUla kI mAlAe aura jala me bhigoyI huI vastue usake lie sulabha haiM / bihArI kI nAyikAe vilAsI mugala daravAro kI nAgarI nAyikAe haiM / isIlie unakA upacAra bhI usI stara kA milatA hai | jahA taka mUla bhAvanA aura kArya kA sambandha hai, dono me paryA ta samAnatA hai / antara itanA hI hai ki hemacandra kA viyoga citraNa prAya yathArya aura abhidhAtmaka hai| bihArI kI bhAti UhAtmaka uktiyA uname kama hI haiN| hemacandra kI eka anya viyoginI nAyikA priya viyoga me anyanta udAsIna aura virahAgni se satapta hai| usakI dazA dekhakara cintita huI sakhI nAyaka ke pAsa jAkara usase batAtI hai - sejjAria Na icchai sevAlajayakkha somahiDDe a| marihI seharathariNA kaivayasevAha ehi tuha virahe / / 8148143 "jhUle me jhUlane kI icchA nahIM karatI, kamalo aura kicaDelI (gIlI, ThaDI) jagaho me rahane kI icchA nahIM krtii| vaha cakravAkastanI tumhAre viyoga me kucha hI 1 2 vihArI ratnAkara, do0 sa0 529, pRSTha 218 vihArA ratnAkara, do sa. 217, 10 91

Page #99
/ 89 cuTakiyo (palo) me mara jAyegI / " nAyikA ko virahatApa se chuTakArA dilAne me kisI prakAra kA bheSajya (upacAra) kArya nahI karatA usake lie to basa eka nAyaka hI advitIya upacAra hai - lagIramalasamakalasugrapamuhahiM kiM imAi bhesajja / lallakkalasa: soccina taruNo tayA laigrahAro / / 7115118. / "lanA gro kA rasa, vakSo kA dadha, tailAdi bhapajyo se kyA lAbha / isa bhayAnaka kAmaroga me to inake gale kA hAra vaha yuvaka hI (advitIya bheSajya hai)|" viraha tApa ke kAraNa rAta-dina virahiNI ko nIda nahI traatii| sakhiyA use nidrAkArI-latA ke patte pIsakara pilAtI hai parantu kisI bhI prakAra vaha kAma-sara-hatA ramaNI nidrA nahI prApta kara paatii| __isa prakAra viyoga duvitA nAyikA ko na rAta me caina hai na dina me / "kRttikA nakSatra ke samApta ho jAne ke bAda dina ke choTe ho jAne para priya viraha se tApita ramaNiyo kI rAteM eka yuga ke samAna ho jAtI haiM 12 sakhI kahatI hai "kAmavadhika tama atyanta malina karmA ho jo bAdalo kI garjanA se vinaSTa virahiNI kA hanana kara rahe ho / "3 varSA Rtu sAmAnya jano ko priya hotI hai parantu nAyikA ke lie vaha bhI parama uttApaka hai / nAyikA kI sakhI nAyaka se kahatI hai-"khule hue kezo vAlI vaha vAlA, tumhAre viraha kI agni se babhaNI nAmaka kIDe kI bhAti satapta (chaTapaTA rahI) hai / cAtaka ke volane tathA "ghane vAdalo kI garjanA se use aura bhI ArAma nahI milatA / "4 isa prakAra sayoga aura viyoga ke aneko kalAtmaka prasaga 'rayaNAvalI' kI amara nidhiyA haiN| mUla rUpa se vyAkaraNa aura bhASAzAstra kA grantha hote hue bhI yaha koza apane zR gArika padyo ke aAdhAra para kisI bhI sAhityika grantha ke joDa me rakhA jA sakatA hai| 'rayaNAvalI' ke zRgArika padya tatkAlIna gujarAta ke sulalita aihikatA paraka jIvana ko vyakta karane me atyanta saphala hai| ina padyo me prAcArya hemacandra kA kavitva bhI nikhara kara sAmane AtA hai| isa dRSTi se 'rayaNAvalI' kA adhyayana vilkula hI nahIM huA hai, isa dizA me calakara yadi vicAra kiyA jAye to 'rayaNAvalI' sacamuca rayaNAvalI (ratnAvalI) arthAt amUlya eva sAhityika saundarya 1. 2 de0 nA0 mA0 7128134 vahI 5150162 vahI 716172 vahI 6174190 4

Page #100
90 1 me yukta padyo kI nidhi siddha hogI / kama se kama isame zRMgArika padya to satamaI paramparA kI kisI bhI kRti ke padyoM ke jor3a me kama mUtyavAna nahI haiM / kumArapAla kI prazasti se samvandhita padya loka-jIvana kI zrRMgAraparaka lalita bhAvanAoM kI abhivyakti karane vAle zRMgArika padya ke pratirikta 'rayaraNAvatI' ke lagabhaga 105 padyo me grAcArya hemacandra ne apane trAzrayadAtA rAjA kumArapAla ke yaza aura zaurya kA prazastiparaka varNana prastuta kiyA hai / ina padyo me kahI kumArapAla kI vIratA, kahI dAnazIlatA to kahI-kahI dharmazIlatA kI prazaMsA kI gayI hai| adhikatara padyo me kumArapAla ke parAkrama, usakI yuddhavIratA tathA svaya kI bhogtA se Dare hue usake zatruo kA hI vana kiyA gayA hai / kumArapAla ke parAkrama se trastu usake zatru apanA ghara bAra tathA hAsavilAsa chor3akara jagalo, giri, gahU varo yAdi me chipate hue prAraNa vacA rahe haiM, basa isI prakAra kI bhAvanA lagabhaga sAre padyo me vidyamAna hai / kumArapAla ke guggo aura usakI samRddhi kA bhI varNana kucha padyo me hugrA hai / kucha eka padya usakI vijayo se bho samvandhita haiM / ina sabhI prasago ne mamvanvita kucha udAharaNa draSTavya haiM / kumArapAla ke parAkrama se trasta hokara raNakSetra se bhAgate hue zatrugro kI dazA kA varNana karate hue prAcArya kahate haiM zraggakkhantrapalAvaraNa zrahirIyA kumaravAna tuha riuNo / provIhanti alIsayagiuna gravakhalina appa maddevi 11112512711 "kumArapAla 1 raNamukha me nAge hue kAntihIna, tumhAre zatru zAkavRkSa ke nikuja me apane hI zabda kI pratidhvani se trasta ho rahe haiM / " kucha zatru to "apakIrti kI gaNanA na karate hue agulIyaka zrAdi grAbharaNo ko tyAgakara raraNa se bhAgakara kApAlika ke veza me ghUma rahe haiM / " kumArapAla ke Dara me usake zatru apane gharo meM bhI chipane kA sthAna banAkara rahate haiM khaDDAgharemu khatta vappe vaNNa ca vAsabhavaNammi / khalibhograNANa sallambarA tuha verimANa vI khaDDa 112154166 "zrAJcarya hai, khalI kA bhojana karate hue, carmadhArI, dADhI mU cha aDhAye zatru apane ghara tathA nivAsa ke kamaro me ( bhI ) gaDDhe banAkara rahate haiM / " 1. de0 nA0 mA0 1-29-31 hue tumhAre

Page #101
[ 91 kumArapAla ke prAkramaNa se bhayabhIta usake kucha zatru ghara choDakara bhAga rahe haiM girigaDahare uttariya DaggalA DaDaeNa tuha riuNA / DaDDhADiDambarille janti vaNe Dabhinavva jakhasaNA / / 418181 / "apane bhavano se utarakara bacco ko liye hue-dhUpa me tapatI huI saDaka se jIragaMzINaM vastradhArI tumhAre zatru vana kI ora jA rahe hai / " vana me zuko dvArA prAdhA khAkara joDa diye gaye phalo se ve gujArA karate hai| isI prAzaya kA eka anya padya bhI drapTavya hai tuha bANavakkaDe baddaleva hamo riU caina sabhara / vakiya sugra vali graphalo sumarai vayaDa gayo vAyavaNe / / 712913511 "tumhAre dvArA kI gayI nirantara bANavRSTi rUpI durdina ke kAraNa hasa rUpI zatra samara choDakara vyAdhAkula vana me suka-bhakSita phalo kA pAhAra karate hue vATikA (?) kA smaraNa kara rahe haiN|" yuddha se bhayabhIta zo kI to ye dazAeM haiN| unakI patniyo ke trAsa kA varNana bhI hemacandra ne kaI sthalo para kiyA hai| kumArapAla ke zatruo kI ve hI paliyA jo kabhI taraha-taraha ke vilAsa ke prasAdhano kA prayoga karatI thI, sabhI kucha choDa jagalo me bhaTaka rahI haiM ghusiNAhivaNNigrAmo ajjhollia bhUsiAu jAu purA / tuha riuvahUutAno bhamanti caigra arddha jaghipAu vaNe / / 2131133 // "pahale jo pIle aura kAla raga ke kezara se lipta rahatI thI tathA jinake vakSa - sthala ke AbhUpaNa motiyo kI racanA se yukta rahate the-tumhAre zatrupro kI ve hI vadhue padatrANa ko bhI choDakara (nage pAva hI) vana me ghUma rahI haiM / " prAcArya hemacandra kI ye paktiyA hindI ke prasiddha kavi bhUpaNa ke prasiddha kavitta kI yAda dilAtI haiM / bhUpaNa ne bhI zivAjI ke zauryavarNana ke bIca unakI zatru-paliyo kI dazA kA varNana lagabhaga isI prakAra kiyA hai / draSTavya hai, bhUSaNa kA nimna kavitta U ce ghora mandara ke andara rahana vArI, Uce ghora mandara ke andara rahAtI haiM 1. de0 nA0 mA05121126

Page #102
__92 ] bhUSaNa ko usa koTi kI prazastiparaka kavitA para hemacandra jaise prasiddha pUrva kaviyo kA prabhAva spaSTa hI parilakSita kiyA jA sakatA hai| eka sthala para hemacandra kumArapAla ke pagakrama meM prasta, jagata me lukatI chipatI gAgro kI patniyo kI tulanA chipakalI jame Tarapoka aura nikRSTa jIva se karate haiM gvAialaghaNagvArayamuhiprAvivigyarikaga tuhArivaha / gvATaiariNayaravemuDariyA vAraphidivya lukkeDa / / 2161173 / / "bAI prAdi ke lAyane me muramAe hue mubavAlI, hAya meM (ampRzyatA dyotaka) phaTA bAma kA iDA liye, apane hI gabda kI pratidhvani se DarI huI ripu bathue chipakalI ke samAna luka chipa rahI haiN|" eka anya pada me jagata me bhaTakatI huI eva bhayagrasta gA-galiyo kA atyanta mundara varNana kiyA gayA hai-- riminnttritrkrycchiiurkgliolimjjhririyaayo| mucchantiricchamallayabhIgrA tuha kumarabAlariTabahuprA 11171717 // "rodanazIla mUjI huI aAMbI vAlI-vRkSo ko pakti ke madhyalIna tumhAre zatruyo ko vadhue gecho aura bhAnugro ke maya meM mUchita ho jAtI hai|" isI prakAra aura aneko cATukAritA mare prazasti ke pada "rayaNAvanI" me nivaddha haiM / yo kI patanonmumba dazA ke varNana ke mAdhyama se kimI rAjA ke prabhAva aura umake parAkrama ko vyakta karatA bhAratIya parampaga me pAye jAne vAle mamanta prazastiparaka kAcoM kI eka vizeSatA rahI hai| hindI sAhitya ke grAdikAlIna cAraNakAvyo tathA rItikAna meM likhe gaye bhUSaNA grAdi kaviyo kI kAvya-racanAyo meM patrugro ke apakarSa varNana ke mAdhyama meM yAtrayadAtA gajA kI cATukAritA marI prazamA kI paripATI ati mAmAnya rUpa meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| zatruoM ke apakarSa-varNana ke atirikta kucha padyo me kumArapAla kI yuddha me dikhAyI gaI vIratA tathA unakI vIravAhinI Adi kA varNana hai| aise varNana bhI prAya atizayoktiyo se bhare paDe haiM / isa koTi ke kucha padya draSTavya haiM - eka padya me kumArapAla ke bhISaNa zamya-prahAra kA varNana karate hue hemacandra kahate haiM tuha mina kaTArIphuTakaTalo babbarA kayalatundo / kasarI bva middhaNabaDa tuTTeDa kaTAlisakulAIe 11214-411 midanarapati 1 tumhArI zveta (camakatI) bAravAlI kaTArI ke prahAra se phUTa hue kapAravAlA, ghaTodara, adhama valIvarTa ke samAna varvara (asabhya) bhaTakaTaiyA se yukta

Page #103
[ 93 nadI naTa para nuTa rahA hai / " eka padya me kumArapAla kI TiDDiyo ke samAna asakhya buDasavAra senA kA atyanta pAlakArika varNana kiyA gayA hai nirikumAravAlaNakhai tuhaturayAghoriNovva agnnijjaa| phavalanti veripatthiya valAi ghomAliyA dalAi va / / 2 1 90 1111 / "narapati kumArapAla / tumhAre zalabha (TiDDiyo) ke samAna agaNita ghoDe vaige rAjAo ke bala (senya) ko zarada me ugane vAlI latA ke komala patto kI mAti ganina kara lete hai|" kumArapAla zaya rUpI pakSiyo ke lie vAja ke samAna hai| 1 usane koSita hote hI zaya varga bhAgakara samudra ke kinAre Azraya letA hai| usake prodhita hote hI tathA dhanuSa kI TakAra mAna se hI zatru, bhAga jAte hai / ina parAkramaparaka prazastiyo ke atirikta kumArapAla kI dhavala kIrti aura usakI namaddhi kA mo atyanta pAlakArika varNana kaI padyo me milatA hai / kucha udAharaNa yahA diye jA rahe haiM riNavamauDoppiapayaNaha kittI tujjha dhavaleDa projjha pi / sasikulamavANa ahavA polisahAvo aya kumaravAla / / 111161148 / / 'dhUli me malinamaNi ke samAna kumArapAla kI kIti malina hote hue bhI pravala hai to yA to yaha usake candrakula meM utpanna hone ke kAraNa hai yA phira kulaparipATI kekaargaa|' asthira gati lakSmI ko bhI kumArapAla ne isa prakAra dhAraNa kiyA hai ki ve atyadhika lampaTA hote hue bhI, use choDakara jA nahI pAtI "ullaligradosatuma taha uggahiyA kumaravAla tai lacchI / ullehaDA vi jaha sA Na maNNAe aNNamuvasera / / 5188110411 "kumArapAla / tumane zithila sthiti vAlI aura dopo se yukta lakSmI ko bhI itanI nipuNatA me grahaNa kiyA hai ki atilampaTA hote hue bhI vaha kisI anya ko rati yogya nahI maantii|" kumArapAla kI rAjyazrI kA eka anya varNana bhI ullekhanIya hai jayasiriNivAsajemaNa bhuna tuha guNavaNNammi kA joggA / jora jaseNa cAlukka jokkhamavaharasi joassa / / 3140148 // "dakSiNa bhujA para lakSmI ko dhAraNa karane vAle (kumArapAla) tumhAre guNavarNana me cATukAritA kyA ? he cAlukya nareza | nizcaya hI tumhAre yaza kI dhavalatA 1 de0 nA0 mA0 81817 pahI 61717 vahI 6115114 3

Page #104
94] malina candramA ko bhI pratikrAnta karane vAlI hai|" arthAt tumhAre yaza kI badalatA kI samAnatA malina candramA kaise kara sakatA hai ? kumArapAla ke yaza kA guNagAna umakI prajA aura vandIjana to karate hI haiM, AkAzacArI vidyAvara bhI nitya kiyA karate haiN| guNamariNaNAyahara culukka tujha mAyadaka jamADiya e| gAei pulayamAI khayarijaNo mAhamAladhavala jasa / / 61111112811 "guNa rUpI maNiyo ke samudra, cAlukya nareNa! tumhAre aAmraku jagRha me pulakti roma vAle khecara (vidyAdhara) tumhAre kunda eva jyotsnA ke samAna dhavala yaza kA gAna karate haiN|" uparyukta kucha udAharaNa yaha siddha karane ke liye paryApta haiM ki prAcArya hemacandra bahumukhI pratibhA ke kavi the / zRMgArika padyo ke samAna hI unake kumArapAla kI prazasti meM sambadhita padya bhI hindI ke AdikAlIna cAraNakAvyo tathA rItikAla ke bhUpaNa prAdi ke prazastiparaka kavitto kI pRSThabhUmi ke rUpa me, apanI viziSTa mahattA rakhate hai| prAcArya hemacandra ke ye prazasti padya tatkAlIna rAsaka paramparA kI kRtiyo tathA usake pUrva saskRta ke darabArI kavipo kI prazastiyo ko joDane vAlI kaDI ke rUpa me dekhe jA sakate haiN| hindI sAhitya kI prAdikAlIna cAraNo aura bhATo kI prazastiyo para hemacandra ke ina padyo kA prabhAva spaSTa hI parilakSita kiyA jA sakatA hai| prAzrayadAtA rAjA kI prazasA me usake zatru pro ke apakarSa kA varNana svaya umakI rAjyazrI aura vIratA eva dAnazIlatA kA vaDhA caDhAkara kiyA gayA varNana hindI ke darabArI kaviyo me sulabha vastu hai| kezava aura bhUpaNa jase rItikAlIna hindI kaviyo me to isa prakAra kI kavitA kI pravRtti bahula mAtrA me hai / (3) "rayAraNAvalI" ke vividha viSayAtmaka padya : prAcArya hemacandra eka uccakoTi ke vyAkaraNakAra, bhApAvida eva mahRdaya kavi hone ke sAtha hI eka ucca koTi ke yugadraSTA, lokavyavahArajJa eva nItijJa bhI the| inakI "rayaNAvalI" me lagabhaga 120 padya aise hai jiname lokavyavahAra kI zikSA, naitika upadeza, devI devatAo kI carcA tathA anya sAmAnya vipayo ko nivaddha kiyA gayA hai| iname aneko padya aise haiM jiname mAnavajIvana ke nirmANa me sahAyaka tathA janajIvana ko preraNA pradAna karane vAle sundara upadeza nibaddha haiN| dharmopadezaka jaina zrAcAryoM me hemacandra kA nAma baDe pAdara ke sAtha liyA jAtA hai| "rayaNAvalI" ke isa koTi ke padyo ko muni rAmasiMha kI 'pAhuDadohA' tathA anya jaina muniyo kI upadezAtmaka kRtiyo ke padyo kI tulanA me rakhA jA sakatA hai| pro0 muralIdhara banarjI

Page #105
[ 95 ne hemacandra ke ina padyo kI tulanA bhartRhari ke nItizataka ke padyo tathA saskRta ke vividha kaviyo dvArA likhe gaye sumApita sagraho se kI hai| yaha bahuta kucha ThIka bhI hai / 'rayagAvalI' ke ina payo meM saskRta ke nItiparaka padyo ke samAna hI lokajIvana ko bahumUlya eva lAbhaprada uktiyA nivaddha hai| ati prAcIna prAkRta kAvyasagraha 'bajjAlaga' me bhI isa prakAra ke padyo kI kamI nahIM hai| 'rayaNAvalI' ke isa koTi ke kucha padyo kA vivaraNa prAge diyA jA rahA hai / eka padya meM kavi loka-jIvana ke sucAru rUpa se calane meM bAdhA utpanna karane vAle tattvo kA uralekha karate hue kahatA hai sarimANa aggavepro pradasaNAtahaya appaguttA ya / - dUmanti jhatti lotra ahiprAravirohiNo hi khalA / / "nadiyo kI vADha, cora tathA kevAca, logo ko zIghra hI paritApita karate hai| (saca hai) khala (nIca loga) loka yAtrA-virodhI hote hI hai|" inbhANamiriNamikksa middaNDANa gayANa i gAlI / iggANa ya mAbhesIsadI harisa samubahai / / 1161179 / / "vaNika ke lie monA, bhramara ke lie kamala, gaja ke lie Ikha, Dare hue ke lie 'mata Daro' kA zabda harSa kA udvahana karane vAle hote hai|" eka padya me hemacandra sAmAjika rUDhiyo kA ullekha karate haiM ki paramparA priya bhAratIya samAja nikRSTa se nikRSTa jIvo ko bhI mAnyatA de sakatA hai, parantu kumArI strI se utpanna hue avaidha putra ko nahI / kucha padyo me kavi ne eka sAtha hI kaI-kaI sAmAjika tathyo kA udghATana kiyA hai| jaise-~ jayaNehi hayA gAmA jagAhi kaNA-ya jabhabhAveNa / mahilAmo johalIhi sahanti gehA jaraDa jaccehi / / 3131140 / / 'lagAma se ghoDe, gocara bhUmi se gAva, tuSa se anAja, nIvI se mahilAe tathA bUDho aura bacco se ghara zobhA pAte haiN| aise hI eka anya padya me ve batAte hai kimalAI se dahI, mUTha se talavAra, gahare pAnI se kugrA, vIro se viSama avasara tathA pazuo se grAma-samUha suzobhita hote haiM / '3 1 2 3 pro muralIdhara banarjI-de. nA mA kI bhUmikA, tRtIya khaNDa / de nA mA 1164181 de nA mA ,5119124

Page #106
96 ] eka sAmAjika satya kA udghATana karate hue hemacandra kahate haiM-~-- ThANo Na ThallayANa ThANijjata Na yAvi ThaimANa / Na Thikka saNDhANa aThavigrauvalANa Na ya pUrA / / 4151511 'nirghana kA mAna nahI, avakAza rahita ko gaurava nahI, paNDha (napuMsaka) ko zizna nahI tathA prasthApita pratimA kI pUjA nahIM hotii|' nirvalo aura vinamra logo ko pAzraya denA pratyeka vyakti kA punIta kartavya hai| jo samRddha haiM unakA to yaha viziSTa kartavya hai| samRddhi pAte hue bhI vinata logo kI rakSA na karane vAle duSTa puruSa kI bhartsanA karate hue hemacandra kahate haiM kiM te riddhi pattA pisuraNA je paNa iNo vi tAvinti / kavayakalavUu vara kami akaroDINa dinti je cAhiM 11 2131311 "jo vinamra jano ko bhI tApita karatA hai aise duSTa ke samRddhi prApta karane se kyA ? (usase to) kukuramuttA aura nAlikA nAmaka latA zreSTha haiM jo samIpa AyI kITikA ko bhI chAha dete haiN|" AcArya hemacandra me dharmAndhatA nAma mAtra ko bhI nahIM thii| eka jaina prAcArya hote hue bhI anya jaina prAcAryo kI bhAti unhoMne sanAtana dharma kI kaTu AlocanAeM nahIM kI parantu samaya-samaya unhone sadaiva isake DhakosaloM tathA dikhAvepana kA virodha kiyA hai / eka padya me unhone mUrtipUjA ke khokhalepana kI carcA kI hai| paDirajia paDimAe ki re paDielliyAi hoi phala / paDigrataya kiM diTo piDia pajjuNasarAu ucchuraso / / 6-35-3211 "bhagnapratimA se kyA kRtakRtya karane vAlA phala milatA hai ? re karmakara / Ikha kesadRza ghAsa perane se kyA Ikha kA mIThA rasa prApta hotA hai / " isI prakAra eka padya me prAcArya yajJa me vali dene ke rUpa me hatyA karane vAle brAhmaNa ko mUrkha aura anta me burA pariNAma bhugatane vatAte haiM / apane pANDitya kA mithyA garva karane vAle tathA paramparA kI lIka pITane vAle vidvAno kI tulanA prAcArya jugAlI karane vAle pazu se karate haiM - uppAiumasamatthA je canvina cavvaNa kuNanti kaI / vobhIpaNAphuDa te vokilliakAriNo pasuNo 171761821 1 de. nA mA 7168

Page #107
[ 97 " bhI (17) umAdita pAne meM asamartha jo cavita-carvaNamAtra karate haiM / saSTako banAne jagAlI karane vAle pazu hai|" kA gupa po ne atirikama koNagrantha meM nIti, upadeza, - mamvandhita pora bhI prakopa hai jo kavi kI vyAvahArikatA progAmAmAjira bhAno spaSTa karane meM prAnta mamartha hai| hemacandra ke ina pajI meM ghanamItrI ghora garala zailI meM loka vyavahAra, dhArmika prAsthAno gva mAjamanApokApA / zinI bhI padya meM prAcArya ke kaTTara jaina pArI nAnI minA / nAmAjika kurItiyo aura ghamaMgata DhakomanItI karane bhI pratyanta vinamratApUrNa zailI meM karate hai / bana panI galanAzika poragadAnotI dRSTiyo se muni rAmasiMha ke pramida nAra pAhA" kI jA sktii| pagyI hindI matasaI paramparA meM pAnI nandA gAvara mubara dekhA jA sakatA hai / ina padyo nA kadhieka nayA mahAmA, samAjahitacintaka, jaTila dhArmika mAnyatAyo se rahita dRSTikoNa vAlA yugadraSTA, vyagina hai| kula milAkara yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki "rayAnI" ke nAmAnya viSayoM meM sambandhita padya bhI apanA viziSTa mAritvika mahatva rayate hai| gyaNAyalo phA phalApakSa chanda "rayaNAvalI" ke udAharago meM prAkRta ke "gAhA" (gAthA) chanda kA prayoga hamA hai / mammAna tathA prAzana ke prAcAyAM ne "gAhA" aura saskRta ke "pAryA" chanda ko eka hI banAyA hai / "gAthA" zabda kA prayoga vaidika sAhitya se lekara saskRta naka meM bhinna-bhinna prayoM meM kiyA gayA hai / chanda zAstra ke praNetA piMgalAcArya ne "ayAnukta gAyA" kaha kAra choDa diyA hai / halAyudha" atrazAstre nAmoddezyena-yantrokta canda prayoge ca dRzyate. tadgAni mantavyam" kahate hai| ratnazekhara sUri "gAhA" kA nakSaga isa prakAra dete haiM 'mamAnneNa vArasa aThArama bAra panara mttaayo| kamaso pAya caupake, gAhAei huti niyameNa / / gAhAidale caucaumatta sAsatta, atttthobhduklo| eyavIya dale vidu navara chuTToi eka galo // " ratnazesara sUri ke anusAra-gAhA cAra pado kA chanda hotA hai / isake vipama pAdo (prathama, tRtIya) me 12 tathA samapAdo (dvitIya, caturtha) me 18 mAtrAe hotI haiM /

Page #108
___98 ] yaha to huprA prAkRta ke apane chada "gAhA" kA lakSaNa / kolabuka mahodaya "gAhA" ko saskRta se pAyA chada batAte haiM / ' DA0 gore ne "vajjAlagga" kI prastAvanA ke sAtaveM pRSTha para gAthA kA lakSaNa diyA hai / Upara diye gaye 'gAthA" lakSaNa ke atirikta eka anya lakSaNa bhI milatA hai paDhama bArahamattA, vIe aThAraehisajutA / jahapaDhama taha tIna, dasapaca vihUsiyA gAhA / / " isa paribhASA ke anusAra jisake prathama tathA tRtIya pAda me kramaza 12 mAyAe , dvitIya pAda me 18 mAtrAe tathA caturthapAda me 15 mAtrAyeM ho, vaha chada 'gAthA' kahalAtA hai / saskRta ke 'AryA' chanda kA bhI yahI lakSaNa hai-- yasyA pAde prathame dvAdazamAtrAstathAtRtIye'pi / aSTAdaza dvitIye caturtha ke pacadaza mAryA / / "jisa chada kA prayama caraNa 12 mAtrA kA (svara kI laghunA eva gurutA ke parimAraNa se) dvitIya 18 kA, tRtIya vAraha aura caturtha 15 kA hotA hai usakA nAma prAryA hai / " ko nAka mahodaya ne isI ke aAdhAra para yaha sthApita kiyA thA ki prAkRta kA 'gAhA' chada saskRta kI prAryA se nikalA hai| parantu yaha na kaha kara yadi kahA jAye ki saskRta kI prAryA hI 'gAhA' ke AdhAra para vikasita hai to adhika upayukta hogaa| kyoki prAkRta kA 'gAhA' chanda apane aneko bheda prabhedo ke mAtha samkRta ke chado se alaga hai| gAha, vigAtha, udgAtha, gAthinI, siMhanI Adi isake upabheda haiM / prAkRta kA 'gAhU' chanda hI samkana hI prAryA hai / 60 mAtrAno ( 12 + 18 +12 +18) vAlI gAthA, jisakI paribhASA pahale dI gaI hai, gAthA kA hI eka anya prabheda udgAthA hai| ___ 'rayaNAvalI' me nibaddha udAharaNa kI gAthAe~ do prakAra kI haiM / kucha gAthAe 60 mAtrAmo (12-1-18+12+18) vAlI hai aura kucha 57 mAtrAyo ( 12 + 18+ 12+15) vAlI saskRta kI prAryAno ke lakSaNa kI haiM / 60 mAtrAyo vAlI gAthA kA eka udAharaNa drapTavya hai 12 'vipralima ui tataNAe suNNa ubhAlaNa kuNantIe / taha pulaiamucchavi jaha kAu sakkimo Na ujjhamaNa || 1187110311 18 18 12 1. saskRta eNDa prAkRta poyaTrI-eziyATika risaceMja 10vI jilda, pR0 400

Page #109
12 [ 99 57 mAtrAyo vAlI gAthA 18 Tolovva mA paDa tuma ujjANe vANiNIu ja puragro / 12 15 TotavavaNe TokkaraNa hatyA mayaNa ggi jAlAgro / / 41414 / / ye hI do prakAra kI gAthAe sampUrNa 'rayaNAvalI' ke udAharaNa ke padyo me vyavahRta huI hai| jahA taka isake chado me dopa kA prazna hai, ve svAbhAvika hI haiM / isakI aneko gAyAyo me kisI na kisI pAda me eka mAtrA kama dekhI gayI hai| aisA vigepata dvitIya aura caturtha pAda me huA hai / parantu yaha dopa lipikAro kI asAvadhAnI ke kAraNa pAyA hogaa| 'rayaNAvalI' kI ina AryAyo kA sakalana vividha hastalikhita pratiyo ke aAdhAra para huprA hai / ina pratiyo ke lipikAro kI anajJitAvaza ye bhUleM raha gayI hogI / sAhityika yA chanda zAstrIya dRSTi se 'rayaNAvalI' kA saMkalana bhI nahI hapA thA ata yaha pramAda raha jAnA svAbhAvika hai| jitane sthalo para aise dopa Aye haiM vahA eka mAtrA yA phira anusvAra mAtra baDhA dene se chando doSa dUra bhI ho jAtA hai / isa eka dopa ke atirikta 'rayANAvalI' kI gAthAe zAstrIya dRSTi se atyanta zuddha hai| iname yati tathA mAtrAmo kA laghu-guru vidhAna bhI niyama sAdhya hai / isa prakAra chanda kI dRSTi se bhI yaha grantha ucca koTi kI sAhityikatA se yukta hai| bhApA 'rayagAvalI' kI bhASA nirvivAda rUpa se 'prAkRta' hai| isa grantha kI racanA bhI hemacandra ne siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana' ke pUraka grantha ke rUpa me kiyA thA / udAharaNa kI gAthAo kI bhApA yadi dezI zabdo ko chor3a diyA jAye to, sAhityika prAkRta hai / sAhityika prAkRta ke sabhI vyAkaraNika-vikAra ina padyo kI bhASA me nirUpita kiye jA sakate haiM / prAkRta ke padyo me 'dezya' zabdo kA prayoga, prAkRtakAla me 'dezya' zabdo ke prayoga-vAhalya kI mAnyatA ko puSTa karatA hai| dezya zabdo ke prayoga ke hI kAraNa, isakI bhASA atyanta kliSTa ho gayI hai| isake aneko padyo kA sAhityika saundarya bhI isI kliSTatA ke kAraNa manda par3a gayA hai| alakAra _ 'rayaNAvalI' ke padyo kI pAlakArika yojanA bhI uccakoTi kI hai| lagabhaga sabhI prasiddha alaGkAro upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA, virodhAbhAsa, arthAntaranyAsa, anyokti Adi kA prayoga isake padyo me paralakSita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina

Page #110
__100 ] alakAro kI prAyojanA, yadyapi mAyAsa nahI hai, phira bhI inake saundarya meM koI kamI nahI grAne pAyI hai / udAharaNa kI ina 'gAyAyo kI racanA hemacandra ne kevala zabdo ko kaNThastha karane ke lie kiyA thaa| parantu lokajIvana me sambandha rakhane ke kAraNa dezIzabdAvalI se yukta kavitA uccakoTi kI sAhityikatA anAyAsa hI A gayI hai| alakAro kI dRSTi se 'rayaNAvalI' ke mayoga aura viyoga varNana se sambandhita padya viziSTa haiM, iname, upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA Adi aryAlakAro kA bahuta sundara prayoga huyA hai / rUpaka aura upamA alakAro kA eka milA-julA prayoga draSTavya hai kuntala uDuchaNNaNa jaNaNayaNa uMbakhAya va / mayaNeNa ure raia tuha ucca u bagoraGgi / / 1 68186 11 'kezarAzi tRNo ko parivAraNa (ghokhA) hai, nayana manuSyarUpI mRgo ko bAdhane ke lie jAla hai| prArambha me hI kAmadeva dvArA racita gorAGgi / tuma pake hue govUma kI (kRpi kI) bhAti ho|' kumAra pAla kI prazasti se sambanvita padyo meM atizayokti alakAra kA prayoga bahatAyata se hayA hai| nIti aura upadeza ke padyo me anyokti, svabhAvokti, arthAntaranyAsa Adi alakAro kA prayoga prAya huaA hai / prakRti citraNa se sambanvita eka sundara padya me 'mAnavIkaraNa' alakAra kA prayoga darzanIya hai maraNamaNuveNa haranto aNudaviphullAravindamayaranda / parimalapAraNagvANovva agillasamIraNI khivai / / 1116119 'mana ko barabama haraNa karatA hugrA, zrata kAla ke praphullita kamalo ke makarandapAna se tRpta mA, prAta samIra (dhIre-dhIre) baha rahA hai|' aryAlakAro me navame adhika prayoga upamA, rUpaka aura atizayokti kA hugrA hai / anya alakAro me strabhAvokti kA prayoga bhI adhika mAtrA meM hai / kula milAkara yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki alaGkAra prayoga kI dRSTi se bhI rayaNAvalI eka ucca koTi kI mAhityika kRti hai / alakAra inake padyo meM nibaddha komala anubhUtiyo ke sahaja anucara hai| niSkarNa Upara 'rayaNAvakI' ke udAharaNa kI prAryAno me nihita viSayavastu kA vistRta vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA / isakI viSayavastu ko dekhate hue yaha binA kisI sandeha ke kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'rayaNAvalI' prAkRta kAvya paramparA kI eka zreSTha kAvya kRti hai aura hemacandra eka zreSTha kavi / jahA~ taka 'pizela' jaise vidvAnoM ko

Page #111
[ 101 isakI sAhityikatA me sandeha hone kI bAta hai yaha svAbhAvika bhI thaa| yaha to eka tathya hai ki 'rayaNAvalI' ke padya kaThinatA kI dRSTi se sampUrNa prAkRta sAhitya me bejoDa haiM / sabhI padyo kA ThIka artha kara pAnA uname nihita sAhityika saundarya ko dekha pAnA kama se kaga asambhava nahI to kaThina avazya hai| mere samakSa svaya isa pakSa ko lekara aneko kaThinAyAM rahI haiN| padyo me dezI zabdo kA prayoga hone ke kAraNa kahI kahI unakA prAzaya samajha pAne meM kaThinAI avazya huI hai, parantu adhikatara padyo me aisI koI bhI bAta nahI hai / 'rayaNAvalI' ke sAhityika dRSTi se upekSita hone kA eka kAraNa aura bhI rahA hai yaha eka bhASA zAstrIya kozakRti hai, pizela mahaza videzI vidvAno ne isakA adhyayana bhI isI dRSTi se kiyA thA, isake sAhityika mUlyAkana kA prayatna kama hI huyA hai / pro0 muralIdhara banarjI ne isa ora prayAsa avazya kiyA thA para ve maketamAtra hI kara sake the, unakA adhikatara prayAsa 'pizela' kI asAvadhAniyA TU Dhane kI ora hI rahA hai / yahA prastuta kiyA gayA adhyayana isa dizA me kiyA gayA prathama prayAsa hai| isa prayAma me bhI 'rayaNAvalI' kA samasta kAvya saundarya sAmane nahI pA sakA hai kyoki yaha kisI eka prabandha ke choTe se adhyAya me samApta hone vAlA viSaya bhI nahI hai / gAhAsattasaI, vajjAlagga tathA anya prAkRta ke lokikatA paraka kAvyo kI bhAti isakA bhI svatatra adhyayana apane Apa meM eka mahattvapUrNa kArya hogA / niSkarSa rUpa me itanA hI kahanA paryApta hai ki 'rayaNAvalI' anya satasaI paramparA kI kRtiyo kI bhAti hI viSayavastu kI dRSTi se eka mahAna kRti hai / bhAva, bhApA, chada, alakAra prayoga, arthagata pratIyamAnatA, prakRti citraNa sabhI dRSTiyo se yaha eka zreSTha mAhityika kRti kahI jA sakatI hai / 'gAhAsattasaI' kI bhAti 'rayaNAvalI' bhI kRSijIvI bhAratIya jIvana kA citra akita karane vAlI kRti hai| isame tatkAlIna gujarAta ke grAmINa jIvana kI rIti nIti, prAcAra-vyavahAra Adi kA spaSTa akana hamA hai / isame nihita kulaTAo-vezyA o, hAlika-hAlika patnI, gopa-gopI, gRhiNI-gRhapati aura premI-premikA ke bIca kI grAmINa uktiyA eva unakI manohArI lIlAe cittAkarSaka hone ke sAtha tatkAlIna bhAratIya grAmo aura unake samAja kI kasoTI bhI haiN| isake padyo me svabhAvokti' kI bahulatA hai / imI svabhAvokti ko ziSTa samAja 'azlIla ukti' ke nAma se bhI sambodhita karatA hai, para ina azlIla uktiyo ke antarAla se vyakti kA svaccha, chala kapaTa rahita hRdaya jhAkatA dikhAyI detA hai / iname nihita nimnavargIya logo kI bhAvanAe parimArjita na hokara apane prAkRta rUpa me pAyI haiN| inake bhItara aura bAhara dono me samAnatA hai / kula milAkara 'rayaNAvalI' ko bhI 'gAhAsattasaI' kI bhAti 'loka sAhitya' ke grantho kI tAlikA me eka mahattvapUrNa grantha ke rUpa me svI

Page #112
102 ] kAra kiyA jAnA cAhie / viSayavastu ko dekhate hue to yaha kozagranya 'bajjAlagga' se bhI samAnatA rakhatA hai| 'vajjAlagga' kI bhAti isame bhI viSayagata vividhatA kA darzana kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadi kucha zabdo me hera phera diyA jAye to 'vajjAlagga' kI nimna ukti dezyavahula 'rayaNAvalI' ke padyo para ghaTita ho sakatI hai desiya saddapaloTa mahurakkharachadasaThiya laliya / phuDa viyaDapAyaDatya pAiakavva agravvam / / prAkRta-kAvya kI isa prazasti me yadi dezya zabdo kI pracuratA kA mamAveza kara diyA jAye to nizcita hI 'rayaNAvalI' kI gAthAe bhI isake antargata A jaayeNgii| astu ! sakSepa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'rayaNAvalI' bhASAzAstra kI ho| dRSTi se nahI sAhityika dRSTi se bhI eka uccakoTi kA koza granya hai|

Page #113
dezInAmamAlA kA sAMskRtika adhyayana - - - - grAcArya hemacandra kI 'dezInAmamAlA' kevala bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se hI mahattvapUrNa nahI hai apitu sAskRtika eva sAhityika dRSTi se bhI isakA bahuta bar3A mahattva hai| isame saMkalita zabda sampatti ne apane antarAla me sadiyo se calI AyI jana sAdhAraNa kI saskRti ko sajo rakhA hai| ina zabdo kA sAmAjika, rAjanaitika, Arthika tathA dhArmika aneko dRSTiyo se bahuta bar3A mahattva hai| laukika jIvana meM aneko aise rIti-rivAjo kA pracalana Aja bhI hai jo yuga-yugo se paramparA me pracalita cale Aye haiM parantu unakA sandarbha DhUDhanA atyanta durUha kArya hai| isa prakAra ke aneko asandarbha rIti-rivAjo aura sAmAjika mAnyatApro kA paricaya hame isa zabda koza me sakalita zabdo ke mAdhyama se prApta hotA hai / 'dezI' zabda bahuta prAcIna kAla se sAdhAraNa yA prazikSita samAja kI volacAla kI bhASA ke zabda haiM / usa yuga tathA tayugIna samAja kI mAnyatApro kA spaSTa citra ina zabdo ke mAdhyama se khIcA jA sakatA hai| ina zabdo ke mAdhyama se hame aneko aise sambandho aura sAmAjika niyamo tathA dhArmika anuSThAno kA patA calatA hai jinake bAre me sAmAnyatayA loga Aja bhI andhakAra me haiM / jaisA ki pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai 'dezInAmamAlA' ke sabhI zabda tathAkathita prAthamika prAkRta ke hI nahI haiM / isake aneko zabda sAhityika prAkRto kI dena hai / ina zabdo kA bhI apanA viziSTa sAskRtika mahatva hai| aise zabda svaya hemacandra ke samaya kI sAdhAraNa janavarga kI saskRti kA suSTha dyotana karane me atyanta samartha hai| ina zabdo ke mAdhyama se tatkAlIna gujarAta ke sAmAjika cAla-calana, pahanAve, kRSi 1 draSTavya-adhyAya 5-dezI zabdo kA vivecana /

Page #114
104 ] sAmagrI zAsana vyavasthA prAdi para acchA prakAza paDatA hai / isa prakAra 'dezInAmamAlA' ke 'tadbhava' aura 'dezI' dono hI zabda mvaya me eka sAskRtika svarUpa chipAye hue haiM jinakA vivecana alaga-alaga zIrpako ke antargata kara lenA samIcIna hogaa| dezInAmamAlA kA sAmAjika vAtAvaraNa 'dezInAmamAlA' me grAmINa jIvana meM sahAyaka aneko zramajIviyoM kA ullekha hanA hai / iname mAlI, darjI, dhobI, kahAra, sonAra Adi aneko zramajIviyo ke liye zabda milate hai| mAlI ke liye do zabda prArambhino 1-71 tathA vaDDahulI 7-42 Aye haiN| isa koza ke zabdo se patA calatA hai ki gujarAta ke grAmINa jIvana meM puSpamAlAno se keza sajjA aAdi kA bahuta baDA mahattva thaa| ina mAlAoM kA nirmANa karane vAlA vyakti apane 'karma' ke AdhAra para 'mAlI' yA 'mAlAkAra' kahalAtA hai| dhovI-ghovI yA ghovina ke lie isa koza me kaI zabda haiM-ghotrA 5-32 ghobI / upphu kiyA 1-114 ghovina tathA hikkA 8-66 aura phukkI 6-84 / nAI candilo 3-2 | churabhaDDI 3-31 / churahattho 3-31 1 vAriyo 7-47 / majjiyo 8-47 / majjhayo 6-115 / rattIyo 7-2 / ucchIutto 7-471 darjI -zrAsIvo 1-69 | gharo me pAnI bhara kara dene vAle varga ke loga 'kahAra' kahalAte haiM / isake lie kAhAra 2-27 zabda pAyA hai / lohe kA kAma karane vAlI jAti ke lie phUa 6-85 | svarNakAra ke lie jharo 3-54 tathA kevala kagana banAne vAlI jAti ke lie vANo 7-54 zabda Aye hai / isI prakAra anyAneka pezevara jAtiyo se sambandhita zabda haiM jaise itra vecane ke liye gadhapisApo 2-87, vaniye ke liye inbho 1-79, dUdha kA vyApAra karane vAle gvAle ke lie kAhilo 2-28, kapaDA bunane vAle ke liye koliyo 2-65, kasAI ke lie khaTTikko 2.70, ghara me kAma karane vAlI dAsI ke liye khoTTI 2-77 tathA tAlapphalI 4-11, dAsa ke liye choino 3-33, gulAma dAsI ke liye dullasiyA 5-46, ghara me pAnI bharane vAlI naukarAnI ke liye dohaNahArI 5-56 purAne astra-zastro ko mAja kara sApha karane vAle ko tomariyo 5-18, Ikha kI perAI karane vAle majadUra ko tUmo 5-16, sAdhAraNa zramika ko paDia to 6-32, hala calAne vAle ko bhAillo 6-104, hAthI cAlaka pIlavAna ko meThI 6-131, juaAghara calAne vAle ko pAuggiyo 6-42, pAuggo 6-31, Dabhino 4-8, paThana-pAThana kA kArya karane vAle vyakti ko paDijmayo 6-31, vivAha ityAdi kI gaNanA karane vAle jyotiSI ko matI 6111, zarIra kA vyApAra karane tathA gAne vAlI strI yA vezyA ko vellarI, gAvajAkara peTa pAlane vAlI strI ko gattADI 2-82, zikAra karake jIvikA calAne

Page #115
[ 105 vAle vyakti ko joDiyo 3-49, jhoDiyo 3-60, tAmbUla peTikA kA vahana karane vAlI dAmI ko DogilI 4-12 zrAdi / ina pezevara jAtiyo ke ullekha ke atirikta kucha nimna varga kI jAti ke logo kA ullekha bhI prApta ho jAtA hai| sabase nimna varga kI jAti cANDAla kI batAyI gayI hai isake lie Dubo 4-11, zabda AyA hai / isa jAti ke loga sambhavata apanI aspRzyatA kA saketa karane ke lie apane hAtha me eka bAma kI chaDI liye rahate the| isa vAsa kI chaDI ke lie jhajjhArI 3-54, khikhirI 2-73 zabda Aye haiM / gadago 2-48 tathA moratto 6-140 se eka atyanta nimna koTi kI jAti kA bhI utlekha milatA hai| __ jAtiyo kA nirdeza karane vAle ina zabdo ke atirikta kucha aise varga ke strI purupo kA ullekha bhI milatA hai jinhe samAja me heya dRSTi se dekhA jAtA rahA hogaa| 'dezInAmamAlA' me kulaTA striyo ke liye kaI zabda Aye haiM jaise kelI 2-44, khaDaI 2-67, jhaDulI 3-61, jhaDalI 3-54, puNNAlI 6-53, bhabhI 6-99 Adi / duzcaritrA striyo ke lie ajjhA 1-50, aDayaNA tathA aDayA 1-18, duzcaritra puruSo ke lie aNaDa 1-18, ullehaDo 1-104, ityAdi / ina zabdo ko dekhakara aisA lagatA hai jaise samAja atyanta maryAdAvAdI rahA ho / puruSa varga me Thaga ke lie kAlo 2 28, cora ke lie adasaNo 1-1 29, ikko 1-80, ur3aDahaNo 1-101, kalamo 2-10. coro ke samUha ke lie paDIro 6-8, jebakaTa yA pAkiTamAra ke lie cAraNagro 3-9 aAdi vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / sAmAnya strI varga-guNa aura avasthA ke AdhAra para striyo se sambandhita aneko zabdo kA ullekha isa koza me huzrA hai jaise-aolaiNI (1-160)-priya strI, kuTTayarI kumArI (2-35), gaNaNAiyA (2-87) - kudva strI yA caNDI, gahaNI (2-84) haraNa karake lAyI gayI strI gahiyA (2-85) icchita strI, dudumiNI (5-45) sundarI strI dumma iNI (5-47) - kalaha zIlA strI tathA ahiviNNA (1-25) aisI strI jisake pati ne dUsarI patnI kara lI ho / ina zabdo ko dekhakara jima samAja kA kalpanA citra mastiSka me uThatA hai vaha bhArata jaise grAma pradhAna deza ke lie durlabha bAta nahI hai / bhArata ke vibhinna prAnto me phaile hue suvistRta grAmINa acalo kI saskRti ke bIca ina zabdo kI sArthakatA Aja bhI khojI jA sakatI hai| sAmAjika evaM pArivArika sambandha sAmAjika eva pArivArika sambandho ko dyotita karane vAle aneko zabda isa

Page #116
106 ] koza me dU he jA sakate haiM / mAtA-pitA, bhAI-bahina, pati patnI, putra-putrI, prapautra, navavabU ityAdi zabda pArivArika dhAraNA kopuSTa karane vAle haiN| isa koza me mAtA ke liye attA (1-51) allA, abbA (1-5) bhAdaliyA (6-131), pinA ke lie appa (1-6), vahina ke lie akkA, bhAbhI ke lie mAujjA (6-103) tathA vahuNNI (7-41) patnI ke lie vaNiyA (5-58) vaNI (5-62), dhArmika gRhaNI ke lie bhAvaiyA (6-104) pitA kI bahina aryAt buprA ke lie pupphA (6-52), mA kI bahina yA mausI ke lie mAliyA (6-131), jyeSTha vahina ke pati (jIjA) ke lie bhAyo (6-102), mAmI ke lie phelAyA (6-85), mammI (6-112), mallAraNI (6-112) tathA mAma (6-112), sAlI ke lie mehuriNagrA (6-148) / devara ke lie aNNaya (1-55), ekkagharila (1-146), duimo (5-44) / devarAnI ke lie aNNI (1-55) | navavadhU ke lie avinajmA (1-77), kolA (2-33), kukulA (2-33) / pautra ke lie kharahina (2-72) / ina pArivArika sambanyo ko dyotita karane vAle zabdo ke atirikta kucha aise bhI zabda Aye haiM jinase pArivArika rIti-rivAjo para bhI prakAza paDatA hai| vahumAso 7-46 aimA hI zabda hai / isa zabda kA Azaya usa kAlAvadhi se hai jisame vivAha ke vAda vara aura vadhU ko milakara kahI ekAnta me rahane kA avasara diyA jAtA hai / agrejI ke hanamUna' zavda se isakI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| yaha kAlAvadhi pUrI kI pUrI, vara ke dvArA, vadhU kI icchA para vitAyI jAtI thI / vara yA dulhe ke liye isame varaDatta, 7-44 zabda milatA hai| vivAha ke pahale kumAra yuvaka ke lie Tha (7-83) pAyA hai| vivAha ke samaya vadhU rUpa meM majI huI kanyA airajuvaDa (1-48) aolapaNI (1-160) kahI jAtI thii| zvasura ke ghara ne apane pitA ke ghara lauTakara gayI va pathucchhaNI (6-35) kahI jAtI thii| vava ko dobArA pitA ke ghara se zvasura ke ghara le jAne vAlA vyakti pADiajjha (6.43) kahA jAtA thaa| vadhU kI choTI sAsa ke lie vahuvA (7-40) tathA RtumatI strI ke lie parihAraittiyA (6-37) zabda AyA hai| pUre parivAra ke lie paharaNa (6-5) zabda vyavahata hai / eka jagaha kumArI kanyA se utpanna hone vAle avaidha putra ko bhI carcA hai usake lie Da damaho' (1-81) zabda AyA hai / rahana-sahana rIti-rivAja tathA veSa-bhUSA va khAnapAna rahana-sahana 'dezInAmamAlA' ke zabda eka aime mamAja kA citra prastuta karate haiM jo rahanasahana meM kAphI UcA aura sampanna mAlUma paDatA hai / isake zabda eka ora yadi 1. avantisundarI ne isa zabda kA artha 'kumArI' kyiA hai na ki komAra (kamArI se utpanna punna) hemacandra svayaM hI vRtti (1-81) me isakA ullekha karate haiN|

Page #117
[ 107 vilAsitApUrNa rahana-sahana ke stara ko vyakta karate hai to dUsarI ora jhopaDiyo ke dukhI jIvana tathA nimnavarga ke agha patana yukta rahana-sahana kA bhI citra upasthita karate hai / sabase pahale ucca rahana-sahana se sambandhita zabdo kA vivecana upayukta hogaa| ucca rahana-sahana ke logo ke gharo ko AsavaraNa 1-66 kahA jAtA thA jo pArADI 1-75 citro se saje hue hote the| ina vAsagRho me zayana kakSa alaga hote the| inake lie grAlayaNa -1-66, pAsago 1-71, sovaraNa 8-58 zabda Aye haiM / ina vAsagRho me suNThaprakAza vyavasthA rahatI thI, isa bAta kA saketa AlIvarNa 1-71prakAzakAraka ( padArtha vizeSa) se spaSTa hai / ina vilAsa gRho ke sabase UparI bhAga kA kamarA candrazAlA kahalAtA thA-isake lie jAlaghaDiA 3146 zabda pAyA hai| gharo me khiDakiyA hone kA saketa cuppAla gra 3-17 se milatA hai, pArAvAro 6-43 gavAkSa ke artha me AyA hai| ina ghage ke sAmane vistRta dvAra hote the isakA saketa mitta 6-110 aura bhittara 6-105-dvAra, zabdo se milatA hai| ina gharo kI sImA me phUlo se yukta choTe-choTe udyAna bhI hote the| isakA saketa mayaDa (6-115) tathA vayaDa 7-35- (bagIcA) se mila jAtA hai| ina vAsagRho me rahane vAle loga vilA. sitApUrNa jIvana vitAte the| isa bAta kI puSTi vilAsa sAmagriyo ke lie Aye hue zabdo se ho jAtI hai / ina vilAsa sAmagriyo kA ullekha ina zabdo me dekhA jA sakatA hai grAmalaya-67- sajjAgRha, jaccadaraNa 3-52- agaru (eka sugandhi dravya-vizepa) malAku ku ma 6-132- pradhAna kukuma, lAvaja 7-21 uzIra yA khasa, bahU 7-31- eka sugandhita dravya, guppata 2-102- bistara yA palaga, vibhaNa 7-69- tAkiyA, thuDDahIra 5129- cAmara, DogI 4-13- zarIra ko sugandhita karane vAlA eka dravya, phasala 6-87- zarIra me lepa karane kA sugandhita cUrNa, aadi| ina sabhI vilAsitA kI vastuo ke atirikta isa varga ke logo me madyapAna kA bhI bahuta adhika pracalana rahA hogA kyoki madya aura usase sambandhita pAtro tathA vyApAriyo kA ullekha isa koza ke aneko zabdo me huA hai / bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke vastro aura AbhUSaNo ke lie pAye hue zabda bhI nAgariko kI vilAsitA aura unakI samRddhi kA dyotana karate haiM / inakA ullekha Age eka alaga zIrSaka ke antargata kiyA jAyegA / __ ina susajjita aura vilAsitApUrNa prAvAso se alaga sAdhAraNa jana-varga ke rahana-sahana ko sUcita karane vAle zabda bhI Aye haiM / sAdhAraNa rUpa se bane hue ghara ke lie ghagha 2-105 tathA kuTI ke lie iriA'1-80 va ciriyA 3-11 khulla) 2-74 zabda Aye hai / eka jagaha tambU ke lie ulloco 1-98 zabda bhI AyA hai /

Page #118
__108 ] ghara kI deharI ke lie ummaro 1-95, chana ke lie Daggala 4-8, jhopaDiyo me lagane vAle parde ko TaTTaimA * TaTiyA yA pardA kahA gayA hai| prAgana ke lie caukka 3-2 pAyA hai / ye sabhI zabda sAdhAraNa logo ke jIvana krama ko vyakta karane vAle haiN| veSabhUSA aura AbhUSaNa 'dezInAmamAlA' ke zabda samAja meM pracalita vibhinna prakAra ke vastrAbhUpaNo bhI ullekha karate haiN| ina ullekho ko dekhate hue yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki tatkAlIna nAgarika jIvana atyanta sampanna aura vilasitApUrNa thaa| nAgarika jIvana ke atirikta grAmINa jIvana bhI isa kSetra me bahuta Age baDhA caDhA thaa| udAharaNa ke lie keza racanA ko lIjie / isake lie isa koza me kaI zabda prayukta hue haiM / ina zabdo ko dekhate hue yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki usa samaya keza vinyAsa ke kaI tarIke pracalita the / sAmAnya keza racanA ke lie babbarI (6-90). rUkhe kezavadha ke lie phuTA (6-84), kezo kA jUDA vAghane ke lie proaggina (1-172), sImAta para sundara Dhaga se sajAye gaye keza ko ku mI (2-34), rUkhe ko sAdhAraNa Dhaga se lapeTane ke artha me Dhumato (5-47), sira para ragIna kapaDA lapeTane ke artha me aNarAho (1-24), evaM kisI lasadAra padArtha ko lagAkara sira ke avagu Thana ke artha me raNIragI (5-31) zabda pAyA hai / aiTha kara vAve gaye vAlo ke jUDe ke lie mauDI (6-117), svAbhAvika rIti se khule vAlo ke lie lambA (7-26), vAlo ko lapeTakara vAve gaye kalAtmaka jUDa ke lie pAmela (1-62), proDala (1-150) choTe ghu gharAle vAlo ke lie jhaTI (3-53) aAdi zabda Aye hai| ina zabdo ko dekhakara usa yuga me pracalita rahana-sahana kA svaya hI AbhAsa ho jAtA hai / keza-racanA me phUla kI mAlAo kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna thaa| kaI zabda isa Azaya ko prakaTa karate haiM / sira me bAdhI jAne vAlI mAlA ke lie isa koza me Aye hue zabda isa prakAra haiM - cu cua , cu bhala (3-16), rasaro? (4-1), mAI (6-115), basI (7-30), vuppha (6-74) aadi| ina zabdo ko dekhate hue aisA lagatA hai jaise samAja rahana-sahana kI dRSTi se atyata ucca starIya rahA ho / Aja bhI madrAsa me kezo me puSpamAlAe vAdhanA mAghAraNa rivAja hai / uttara bhArata me bhI isake udAharaNa durlabha nahI haiN| vastra-vastro me moTe aura patale dono hI prakAra ke vastro kA ullekha huA hai| sAdhAraNa rahana-sahana ke loga moTe vastra taNa ucca rahana-sahana ke loga patale aura 1 'khajurAho ArTa' umilA agravAla, isa pustaka me diye gaye citro me keza-vinyAsa ke upayukta rUpo ko khojA jA sakatA hai|

Page #119
[ 109 sundara vastra dhAraNa karate rahe hoge / moTe kapaDe ke lie karayarI (2-16) patale aura sundara kapaDo ke lie kAsina pora kiNha (2-59) zabda Aye hai / silka ke vastra ke lie kimiharavasaNa (2-33) prayukta hugrA hai / kaI jagaha lAkha ityAdi padArtho se rage gaye vastro kA bhI ullekha huA hai| kimirAya (2-32)-lAkha se ragA huA vastra, ghaTTo (2-11)- lAla kumumbhIvastra, pomara (6-63) - kusu bhI raga kA vastra / isake atirikta kaI prakAra ke vastro kA ullekha milatA hai jinake bAre meM spaSTa kaha pAnA bahuta hI kaThina kArya hai aise zabdo me auhasina (1-173), asagaya (1-34) TiDillina (4-10), riNaasaNa tathA riNaaSaNa (4-39), dulla (5-41), mAhArayaNa (6-132), sAhulI (8-52), horaNa (8-72) Adi / ye sabhI vastro ke prakAra ke rUpa meM ullilita hai / inakA spaSTa vivecana anya me kahI bhI upalabdha nahIM hai| eka sthAna para eka zabda ke dvArA vastrAdi ko suganvita banAne vAlI kisI mazIna kA ullekha hayA hai| usake lie sIhalaya (8-34) zabda prayukta huA hai / isa taraha kI vastue bahuta pragatizIla aura samRddha samAja kA citra upasthita karatI haiM / ina vilAsitA ke dyotaka zabdo ke atirikta kucha zabda aise bhI haiM jinase tatkAlIna nimnastarIya rahana sahana ke logo kA paricaya milatA hai / isa koza me atyanta garIba janatA dvArA pahane jAne vAle phaTe cIthaDe va cindiyo lage vastra kA bhI ullekha hai / isake lie "DaDa (4-7)- suI se siyA gayA cIthaDA tathA riMDI (7-5) - cIthaDA vastra do zabda Aye hai|" ina viziSTa aura sAmAnya vastra sambandhI ullekho ke atirikta ritrayo dvArA dhAraNa kiye jAne vAlI vividha vepa-bhUpAyo kA ullekha bhI milatA hai| pahanAve ke vastro se sambandhita ullekho ko dekhate hue aisA lagatA hai jaise striyA prAya. sADI pahanA karatI thii| sADI kI gATha jise "nIvI" kahA jAtA hai, se sambandhita kaI zabda isa koza grantha me sakalita hai jaise - uccolo 1-131, aovaDDI 1-51, jaNhalI 3-40, kuUla 2-38, vajara - 741 ye sabhI zavda striyo dvArA pahine jAne vAle adhovastra kI gATha ke vAcaka hai| isase yaha saketa milatA hai ki striyA prAya sADI jaisA vastra hI pahanatI thI / sADI ke nIce "peTIkoTa' kahe jAne vAle vastra kA pahinanA Ajakala sAmAnya hai| isake bhI kaI vAcaka zabda isa koza me sakalita hai| antara kevala itanA hai ki zabdo ke mAdhyama se jisa peTIkoTa kA prAzaya nikalatA hai vaha AkAra me choTA lagatA hai aura lagabhaga ghuTane taka rahatA rahA hogA / peTIkoTa se sambandhita ye zabda haiM- avanaccha 1-12, ciphullaNI 3-13, jahaNasava 3.45, kUvala 2 43, duNNiprattha 5-43 Adi / ina adhovastro ke vivaraNa ko dekhakara aisA lagatA hai jaise striyA binA sile

Page #120
1101 hue vastro ko hI sATiyo ke nIce pahnatI rahI hogI / Aja bhI gAMvo kii| striyo ke pahanAve me ina adhovastrI kA prayAga dekhA jA sakatA hai| vahA-striyA prAya: moTe kapar3e pahanatI haiM / jaba kabhI unheM patale yA jhIne vastra pahanane paDhate haiM ve Aja bhI nIce parde ke lie binA sile hue vastro kA prayoga "TIkoTa" ke sthAna para karatI haiM / yaha pahale hI batAyA jA cukA hai ki dezInAmamAlA ke zabdo kA vAtAvaraNa prAyaH grAmINa hai| aisI sthiti me bahA ullikhita pahanAve kA aAja bhI grAmINa vAtAvaraNa meM pracalita honA zrAzcaryajanaka nahIM hai| Aja bhI grAmINa striyA mADhI prAdi adhovastrI ko kamara meM TikAe rakhane yA khosane lie tAge kI karadhanI (megvalA) dhAraNa karatI hai / isa koza meM kaI zabda ima karabanI ke vAcaka haiM jaise - pratarijja 1-35, dAge 5-38, sapA 8-2 ityAdi / mAhI aura peTIkoTa ke atirikta striyA ghAgharA aura dupaTTA bhI vAraNa karatI thI / isakA saketa koza me sakalita ina dono ke vAcaka zabdo se milatA hai / ghAghare ke lie ghagghara 2-107 zabda prayukta huA hai / uttarIya yA dupaTTA ke lie ahoraNa 1-257 zabda prayukta huaA hai / uttarIya yA dupaTTe ke lie uTa taraNa 1-1037 zroDDhaNa' 1-1557 Adi pAdo kA bhI vyavahAra hugrA hai| striyoM meM pardA kI bhI prayA thI yaha "ghRghaTa" ke artha meM Aye hue kaNNoDhiyA 2-20 zabda me spaSTa hai / inake atirikta striyo dvArA ghArA kiye jAne vAle vastro me kaThaku cI 2-18 eka aisA vastra thA jise gale meM lapeTa kara gATe de dI jAtI thii| yaha zabda uma bamba kI gATha ke artha me hI prayukta hugrA hai / yaha vastra sambhavata purupa bhI dhAraNa karate rahe hoMge, parantu isakA spATa maketa anya me kahIM bhI nahI milatA hai / ramAla ke artha me datyaro 5-34 gabda dekhakara ainA pratIta hotA hai jaise rUmAla kA prayoga strI aura puSpa samAna rUpa se karate rahe ho / Aja bhI mAdhAraNa loga ise "dastI" ke rUpa meM jAnate haiM parantu yaha nAma to spapTa hI phArasI se liyA gayA hai| __ jahAM taka purupo ke pahanane ke vastro kA sambandha hai koI vizeSa ullekhanIya zabda nahIM pAye haiM / purupa dADI mUcha saphAcaTa rakhate tathA mastaka para tilaka lagAte ye / isa bAta kA maketa zabdo ke mAdhyama se mila jAtA hai| avanakvina 1-40 dADhI mR cha se saphAMcaTa ceharA, khaDDa 2-77 tathA mAsurI 7-130 isa bAta kA sakta dene vAle zabda haiM / dADhI mUche tathA lambe-lamve vAlo ke rakhane kA saketa bhI prayukta zabdo ke mAdhyama se mila jAtA hai / mastaka para lagAyI jAne vAle tilaka ke vAcaka 1. yavadhI tathA hindI kI lagabhaga sabhI prasiddha boliyo me yaha zabda Aja bhI 'yoDhanI' ke rUpa meM vidyamAna hai|

Page #121
[ 11 6 zara joTikaru, TiNI 4-30, hakakaya - 4-14 ityAdi / ina sabhI zabdo ke pratigniA pati vizeSa yA usakI jAti ke paricaya ke lie kucha viziSTa vee pranalina / gine dete hI usa vyakti kI jAti meM paricaya mila jAtA thaa| pulinda nAma kI nimAtama kahI jAne vAlI jAni se sambandhina vyakti apane sira para ho pano kA ponA pAhina kara banatA thaa| isa patte ke bane dono ke lie kaI zabda pranA -nI, panAmAramA tathA pattapinAlaga 6-2 yAdi / bhAnUparA.-gakoNa ne pragupta prAbhUparaNavAcI zabdo ko dekhate hue jisa samAja / nirananA vA atyanta panI pora ucca rahana sahana vAlA rahA hogA / koza meM prAye hue prAbhUpaNa vAcI pada gora ke pano ke prAcAra para isa prakAra vivecita phile pA sarate haiN| sira ke prArUpae -cakana -3.20, mAlayAmo 3-5 ye zabda mira para dhAraNa kiye jAne yAne prAbhUSaNo ke artha meM pAye hai| mastaka para dhAraNa kiye jAne vAle prAbhUpago ke lie nImantaya 8-35 pada pAyA hai| isakA prAzaya mastaka para dhAraNa kI jAne vAnI vedI me hai / yaha sone aura cATI dono hI kI banatI rahI hogI / prAja bhI yA unhI do ghAtayo kI banatI hai / goThAlI - 4-43 Anda bhI sira para dhAraNa kiye jAne vAle bhUpamA kehI prarya meM prayuka hagrA hai parantu koza meM prApta vivaraNa ke prAcAra para inake svaspa aura kisa dhAtu se banatA hai isa bAta kA nirdeza prApta nahIM honA / vAnavAlo 7-59 bhI imI lArtha meM prayukta hugrA hai / phAno kA prAnuparaNa kAno me pahane jAne vAle vividha prAbhUSaNo se sambandhita kaI zabda isa koNa me prApta hote haiM jaise upaAlI 1-90 isa bhUpaNa kI tulanA Adhunika hindI kI yAmINa boliyo me kAna ke prAbhUpaNa ke artha meM pracalita vAlI zabda se kI jA sakatI hai / dono me milane vAlA dhvanyAtmaka sAmya bhI isa bAta kA dyotana karatA hai / ugghaTTI 1-90 zabda bhI imI artha meM AyA hai| ina dono zabdo kA saskRta paryAyavAcI zabda avatasa hai| kaNNavAla, kaNNAinvaNa aura kaNNagrAsa 2-23 zabda kAna me dhAraNa kiye jAne vAle kuNDala ke artha me pAye haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa me dI gayI kArikA se spaSTa hai ki inheM prAya purupavarga dhAraNa kyiA karatA thA / isI prakAra aura bhI kaI zabda kAna ke prAbhUpaNa ke artha me Aye hai- jaise talavatto 5-21, baddhayo 6-89 apuTTa nAmaka karNAbharaNa vizeSa, vIlayo 6-93 - tATaGka nAmaka kAna kA pAbhUpaNa, vakkaDavadha 7-51 / ina zabdo ke atirikta zakha ke bane hue eka kAna ke AbhUSaNa kA ullekha hai / isake lie sakhalI 8-7 zabda prayukta hugrA hai|

Page #122
112 _1121 gale aura vakSasthala para dhAraNa kiye jAne vAle prAbhUpaNa' "dezInAmamAlA" me sakalita prAbhUpaNavAcI zabdo me isa koTi ke grAmUpaNo kA ullekha atyanta spaSTa rUpa me huaA hai| gale me isa koTi ke zrAbhUSaNa pahane jAne ke nirmANa meM prayukta hone vAlI dhAtupro kA saketa bhI lagabhaga mila jAtA hai / isa koTi ke zavda isa prakAra haiM ajholiyA 1-33-- yaha motI kA banA huA eka prakAra kA hAra hotA thA jo gale se pahinA jAkara vakSasthala taka jhUlatA rahatA thaa| ise Ajakala banane vAle muktAhAro ke samAna hI samajhA jAnA cAhie / isI prakAra ke motI ke hAra ke lie eka dUsarA zabda geNhina 2-94 bhI pAyA hai| mone kI jajIra me vIva kara va gale me dhAraNa kiye jAne vAle eka prAbhUSaNa vizepa kA utlekha caDDulAtilaya 3-8 zabda me huA hai| pizela ke anusAra yaha eka ratna hotA thA jise sone kI jajIra me bodhakara gale meM dhAraNa kiyA jAtA rahA hogaa| daNDI 5-33 se eka aise prAbhUpaNa kA saketa milatA hai jo sone ke tAgoM yA tAro se banatA rahA hogA parantu isa artha se alaga ise daNDAkAra - do vastro ko joDakara siye gaye vastra kA vAcaka bhI mAnA gayA hai ata ime AbhUpaNa kI koTi me rakhate hue bhI hemacandra sadeha prakaTa kara dete haiM / eka jagaha hiMDola 8-76 zabda me koNakAra vividha ratlo se yukta mAlA kA ullekha karatA hai jo sambhavata dhanI varga ke loga dhAraNa karate rahe hoNge| eka anya zabda nejjala 2-94 bhI gale meM dhAraNa kiye jAne vAle prAbhUpaNa ke artha me pAyA hai| ina prAbhUpaNo ke atirikta sAmAnya varga ke loga koDiyo tathA sAdhAraNa puSpo se banI huI mAlAe bhI gale me pahinate the / koDI se bane AbhUSaNa ke lie isa koza me ullaraya 1-110 zabda prAyA hai| sImAnta-pradeza ke vAsiyo tathA AdivAsiyoM meM isa taraha ke prAbhUpaNo kA Aja bhI pracalana dekhA sakatA hai / puSpa mAlAnI ke lie khelI 3-31, parihacchI 6-42 do zabda prayukta hue haiN| ina zabdo ke atirikta kucha aise zabda bhI sakalita haiM jo puspo dvArA dhAraNa kiye jAne vAle viziSTa prAbhUpaNo kA ullekha karate haiN| aisA hI eka adbhuta prAmapaNa makkaDabadha 6-127 hai| yaha eka prakAra kA mone kA banA hamA janeU hotA thA jise puSpa varga ke loga (vizeSatayA brAhmaNa) vAye kandhe ke Upara Aja bhI grAmINa jIvana me vivAha ke avasara dhanIvarga ke loga vara ko sone kA janeka upahAra meM dete haiM / yaha upahAra yA to 'varicchA' ke avasara para diyA jAtA hai yA vara ko kanyA ke pitA ke ghara, prathama Agamana para gaNeza pUjA (dvArapUjA) ke samaya kanyA ke bhAI aura pitA dvArA vara ko dhAraNa karAyA jAtA hai| parantu yaha prathA prAya miTatI jA rahI hai|

Page #123
[ 113 aura dAhine ganne ke nIce dhAraNa karate the / yaha grAmapaNa sabhavata avasara vizepa para hI dhAraNa liyA jAtA rahA hogaa| mAmAnya dino me brAhmaNa puruSa varga kacce suta kA banA hamA janeU dhAraNa kara rahA hogaa| isa tathya kA samarthana tagga 5-1 zabda hotA hai| kaTi para dhArA kiye jAne vAle prAbhUSaNo me maNigiyA 6-126, napA 8.2, do zabda ullekhanIya hai| iname prathama vividha mariNa mANikyo se sanita meganA hotI hogI jise ucca varga kI striyA yA vezyAe tathA rAjanakriyA ghAragA karatI rahI hogI / sapA sAdhAraNa cAdI yA anya dhAtupro kI banI mehatA kahI jA sakatI hai| sambhavata isakA prayoga sAdhAraNa rahana-sahana ke loga kante rahe hoge / hemanandra dvArA diye gaye udAharaNa se isI prakAra kA prAzaya dhvanita hotA hai| hAyoM ko aMguliyo meM dhAraNa kiye jAne vAle prAbhUpaNo me agUThI ke lie kaI zabda prAye haiM jame agutyala 1-31, taNaya muddhiprA 4-9 Adi / striyA kalAiyo me cUDiyA dhAraNa karatI thii| isakA saketa cUDo 3-18 me mila jAtA hai / pAvo me pahane jAne vAle ghughuruyo ke lie saddAla 8-10 tathA sikhala 8-10 do zabda prayukta hue haiM / prAmapaNo se sambandhita "dezInAmamAlA" kI uparyukta vistRta zabdAvalI kisI yuga pora varga vizeSa kI saskRti kI ora sapheta nahI krtii| ina zabdo kI sthiti ko dekhate hue inhe kisI yuga yA varga vizeSa kI saskRti kA paricAyaka mAnanA ThIka nhiiN| inanA avazya hai ki inhI zabdo ko AdhAra banAkara yadi tulanAtmaka vivecana ke AdhAra para anya sAskRtika zabdo ke sAtha milAkAra dekhA jAye to eka atyanta rucikara pariNAma samakSa A sakatA hai| parantu pramANa ke abhAva me isa kSetra me kucha kahanA kama se kama ina paktiyo ke lekhaka ke lie to eka asabhava kArya hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki ina zabdo kA varNanAtmaka vivecana mAtra prastuta karake satopa kara liyA gayA hai| sAna-pAna tathA gharelU vastueM - kisI bhI samAja ke rahana-sahana kA stara eva usakI sAskRtika U cAI bahuta kucha usa samAja me rahane vAle vyaktiyo ke khAna pAna aura gharelU jIvana me dainika prayoga kI vastugro se jJAta ho jAtI haiM / yaha pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki "daizInAmamAlA" me nihita tadbhava tathA dezaja zabdo kA vAtAvaraNa grAmINa hai| yahA dainika jIvana ke prayoga yogya vastupro kI dI gayI sUcI me se kitane aise zabda hai jo Aja bhI svalpa dhvani parivartana ke sAtha grAmINa jIvana me jaise ke taise

Page #124
___ 114 ] pracalita dekhe jA sakate hai / isa koza me nihita isa varga ke zabda hamAre samakSa jo mAskRtika citra upasthita karate haiM vaha Adhunika samAja ke nimnavarga yA nimna madhyama varga kA sAskRtika citra hai / eka bAta kA nivedana yahA phira kara denA utrina samajhatA hU ki ina zabdoM ke prAvAra para nirdhArita kI gayI saskRti ko kimI yuga vizeSa se joDane kA prayAsa sarvathA asabhava kArya hai| aba inakA alaga-alaga vivecana denA upayukta hogaa| khAnapAna-koza me makalita khAne kI vastuyo ke vAcaka zabda isa prakAra haiMuhiyA 1-88-khIra, yaha cAvala aura dUdha ke mizraNa se pakA huA mIThA bhojya padArtha hotA thaa| Aja bhI govo tathA zaharo meM isakA pracalana jaisA kA tamA hai / uhapullo 1-13 yaha eka prakAra kI mIThI roTI hotI hai jise gehU ke ATe me guDa milAkara yA mahue kA rasa milAkara taiyAra kiyA jAtA hai / hindI kI boliyo meM isake lie "puyA" zabda pracalita hai| prollaNI-1-54-cInI aura masAle se yukta dahI / yaha eka priya khAdya padArtha thA / kakvasAro tathA kakvaso 1-14 - pake hue cAvala me dahI aura taraha-taraha ke manAle milAkara taiyAra kiyA gayA khAdya padArtha ina dono nAmo se pukArA jAtA thA / kamghAyalo tathA karaghAyalo -2-22 - phaTA huA dUdha yA chAcha-Ajakala jime "chanA" bhI kahate haiM / ise sAmAnya varga ke loga mIThe ke sAtha khAyA karate haiN| isase vine vividha miSThAnna grAja bhI pracalita haiN| totaDI yA taMtaDI-5-4-kaDhI yaha dahI aura ghATA dono ko milAkara banAyA jAtA hai| namakIna khAdya padArtha hai| inakA prayoga Aja bhI grAmINa jIvana me vivAha Adi zubha mAne jAne vAle avasaro para hotA hai| peMDalo 6-58-yaha eka prakAra kA peya rasa hotA thaa| hemacandra dvArA diye gaye udAharaNa me isakA prayoga dugdha ke sAtha huA hai ata. yaha peya mIThA hotA rahA hogaa| maMDillI 61117-pATe kI banI 'I choTI aura gola roTI / isa zabda kA prayoga sambhavataH "bhaurI" (avadhI) kahI jAne vAlI tathA kaNDe kI aga para pakAyI jAne vAlI moTI gola tathA ThoTI roTI se hogaa| kaMDe kI prAga kA ullekha bhI eka zabda kouyA 2-48 me huA hai| mallayaM 6-145 - eka prakAra kI gola roTI jo mabhavata. vaDI aura moTI hotI rahI hogI / grAmINa jIvana meM Aja bhI aisI roTI ke lie "malIdA" zabda pracalita hai

Page #125
[ 115 meajja- 6-138 - yaha zabda sAmAnya rUpa se khAdyAnno kA vAcaka hai / roha ---7-11 -- yaha zabda cAvala ke ATe ke artha meM prayukta hai / "roTI" mAda isI se vikanita hasA pratIta hotA hai| lAhaNa 7-21 - eka bhojya padArtha - yaha koI mRdu bhojya padArtha hotA rahA hogaa| vAyaeM 7151 - upahAra me diyA gayA bhojya padArtha / grAmINa jIvana me Aja bhI milI gubha avasara ke bAda "vAyanA" vATA jAtA hai / isa zabda kA vikAsa uparyukA zabda me dekhA jA sakatA hai / iilajarA- 7.69 - pazcAnna vigepa / pravakkarasa ---1-46 - sirakA - yaha Isa yA jAmuna athavA guDa ke rasa ko maDA kara banAyA hayA rama hotA hai jisame, taiyAra ho jAne para grAma-kaTahala tathA anya kacce phano ko DAlakara bhojana kI sahAyaka sAmagrI (tarakArI yA caTanI) kI taraha prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / pAyAno me cAvala ke lie cAulA 3-8, talapphalo 5-7, aNa 1-5, "cane" ke lie aNubhayo 1-21, jvAra ke lie jovArI 3-50, uDada ke lie uDida 1-98, geha ke lie u vI 1-96, hare "zAka" ke lie mAhura 6-130, "kakaDIkhIrA" ke lie sIluTTaya - 8-35 zabda prayukta hue haiM / jagalo se prApta hone vAle kadamUna ke lie bhI kadI 2-1 tathA Isa ke khAne yogya yA cUsane yogya choTechoTe TukaTo ke lie i gAlI 1-79 tathA gaDIrI 2-82 zabda Aye haiM / gaDIrI to thoDe svara parivartana ke sAtha "gaDerI" ke rUpa meM Aja bhI hindI kI boliyo me pracalita hai / brajabhASA me to yaha zabda lagabhaga apane prAcIna rupa me hI vyavahRta hotA hai| bhoja padArtho se sambandhita uparyukta zabdAvalI samAja ke jisa stara kA dyotana karatI hai vaha nimnavarga se hI adhikAzata sambandhita hai| isa tathya kI puSTi "dezInAmamAlA" me pAye hue "madirA" jaise mAdaka peya se sambandhita zabda bhI kara dete haiM / madirA aura umase sambandhita vividha pAtro kA prApta vivecana, yaha siddha karane ke lie paryApta hai ki ina zabdo se sambandhita samAja ke loga azikSita tathA mabhyatA se koso dUra rahe hoge / "madirApAna" aura "yU takrIDA" do kArya aise hai jinhe samAja me baDI heya dRSTi se dekhA jAtA hai| inhI do nimna starIya, yadi kahA jAye to garhaNIya, kAryoM se sambandhita aneko zabda isa koza me yatra-tatra-sarvatra vikhare hue dekhe jA sakate hai / ava inakA kramika vivecana kara denA upayukta hogA /

Page #126
___ 116 ] madirA-isa koza me madirA ke kaI prakAro kA ullekha huA hai / unakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai| jagala-3-41 gandI zarAva, kallA' tathA kavisa 2-2-samavata mahue kI zarAva / taharI2 5-2 zabda bhI gandI zarAba ke lie vyavahRta huA hai| daarI 5-34 teja zarAva / paccucchahaNI - 6-35 - nayI zarAva / piTaThakhaurA 6-50 - raddI aura saDI zarAva / maimohiNI (mati mohinI) tathA maI 6-113 - acchI aura teja nazA karane vAlI mAdaka surA / savisa 8-4 - suraa| madirA-pAtra-madirA vATane vAle aneko pAtro se sambanvina zabdo kA sakalana isa ora saketa karatA hai ki ina zabdo se samAja me, 'surApAna' kA vizeSa pracalana thA / isa koza meM ullikhita madirApAtra isa prakAra haiM-- AbareDayA 1-71, uvaeimA 1-118, pariNamA 6-3 ye tIna zabda surA vATane ke bartana ke artha me prayukta hue haiN| TokkaraNa 4-4, pAraka 6-41 tathA pAraya 6-38 surA nApane ke vartana batAye gaye haiM / khaDa 2-78 tayA vAro 7-54 surApAna karane ke pAtra ke rUpa meM ullikhita haiN| surApAna se sambandhita ina zabdo ke AdhAra para eka aise samAja kA citra upasthita hotA hai, jahA ke loga sAmAjika sabhyatA se komo dUra rahakara AdimavAsiyo kA sA asabhyatApUrNa jIvana bitAte rahe hoNge| 'dezInAmamAlA' kA zAbdika vAtAvaraNa sampUrNa rUpa se aise hI samAja kA citra bhI upasthina karatA hai, jisakA nivAmI atyanta kAmuka, lampaTa, jupArI tathA prAvaraNa bhraSTa rahA hogaa| jaba taka ina zabdo kI aitihAsikatA kA patA nahIM calatA kucha bhI nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| pariNAma ke rUpa me itanI hI sambhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai ki Aja kI hI bhAti pratyeka yuga me eka aisA varga rahA hai jo sAmAjika sabhyatA se koso dUra rahakara gandA jIvana vitAne me hI Ananda prApta kara rahA hai| ye zabda kisI sampUrNa samAja kA na sahI usake eka aza nimnavargIya samAna kA citra upasthita karane me to samartha hai hii| 1. mahue kI zarAva kA vyApAra karane vAle Aja bhI 'kalAra' yA 'kalavAra' kahe jAte hai| isa navIna jAtIya nAma kA vikAsa sambhavata 'kallA'- mahue ko zarAva kA vyApAra karane ke kAraNa hI hunA hogA / yaha jAti nAjakala bhI kahIM kahI apane vyApAra ko prArambha kiye hue haiN| hindu jAti vyavasthA ke antargata ise aspRzya jAti mAnA gayA hai| 'taharI' zabda avadhi me dera taka Aga para caDhAye rahane vAle vartana ke lie mAtA hai| isakA prayoga vyaMjanA se dera taka pakane vAle aura gande bhojana ke artha me hotA hai| zarAba banAne kI prakriyA bhI kAphI lambI hotI hai| inake vartano ko do do tIna-tIna dina taka bAga para caDhAye rakhA jAtA hai|

Page #127
[ 117 yU ta krIDA nurA se sambandhita zabdo kI bhAti isa prAkRta koza me cU ta-krIDA se sabadhita pAvdo kI bhI kamI nahIM hai / ina zabdo kA kramika ullekha samIcIna hogaa| abeTTI 1-7, grAUDigna 1-68, grApharo 1 - 63, UyA 1-139, prokkANI 1-59 ye zabda dhana kIDA ke liye vyavahana hai| tanoDA ke alaga-alaga aDDe hote the| isakA maketa TeMTA 4-3 (jUprAghara) zabda ke prayoga se milatA hai / sakalita zabdo ko dekhate hae aisA lagatA hai jaise yaha koI nipiddha vyApAra na rahA ho / svatatra juyA gharo aura unake mAliko' ke ulnela isa tathya kI puSTi karate hai| eka jagaha kattA (2-1) jue me pelI jAne vAlI kone kA ullekha desakara aisA pratIta hotA hai, jaise koDI se hI junA khelane kA pracalana adhika rahA ho / aAja bhI grAmINa jIvana me yaha koDI meM khelA jAne vAlA juyA - hajAro gharo ko tabAha kara detA hai / madyapAna aura yU ta krIDA se sambandhita uparyukta zabdAvalI, ina zabdo kA prayoga karane vAle varga ke logoM ke rahana-mana tathA prAcAra vicAra ko rapaSTa karane me sarvathA samartha hai| niSkarSa rUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki "dezInAmamAlA" sakalita, khAna-pAna kA dyotana karane vAlI zabdAvalI prAdhunika grAmINa jIvana ke stara se bahuta kucha milatI-julatI hai| bhArata jaise vistRta rASTra me jahA aneko susaskRta jAtiyA rahatI haiM, inake bIja Aja bhI khoje jA sakate hai / bhArata me aneko aise rahana-sahana ke loga milate hai jinakI tulanA isa koza me sakalita zabdo ke vAtAvaraNa se acchI taraha kI jA sakatI hai| yaha pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki ina zabdo kA sambandha samAja me yuga-yugo se rahatI pAyI nignavarga aura nimna madhyama varga kI jAtiyo se hai| gharelU vastue ___ 'dezInAmamAlA' kI gRhasthI se sambandhita sAmAnya zabdAvalI adhikAzata grAmINa jIvana se hI sambandhita hai| isame aneko zabda to aise haiM jinakA pracalana Aja bhI usI rUpa me aura usI artha me hotA calA A rahA hai| ina zabdo kI aparivartita vikAsamAna avasthA ko dekhate hue inhe bhI kisI yuga vizeSa se savaddha kara pAnA eka atyanta duruha kArya hai| koza me AyI huI gharelU vastuo se sambandhita zabda isa prakAra hai - gharo me prayukta hone vAlI sUrpAdi sAmAnya vastupro ke lie yahA avaThThasa 1-30 zabda vyavahRta huA hai / isake antargata dhAtuyo ke bartana Adi bhI A jAte hai| 1. Dabhio 4 8, pAuggio 6-42 tathA pAuggo 6 41, zanda jAdhara ke mAlika ke artha meM sakalita haiM / inakA ullekha isI adhyAya ke prArambhika azo me kiyA jA cukA hai|

Page #128
1187 grAmINa jIvana ke loga zramajIvI hote haiN| bahuta prAcInakAla se hI ve apanI gRhasthI meM prayoga yogya vastuoM ko svaya hI taiyAra karate rahe haiN| unake jIvana me mazIno ko bahuta kama sthAna milA hai| khAne-pIne kI vastupro ko taiyAra karane meM ve taraha-taraha ke upakaraNa prayoga me lAte haiM / aise kucha ullekhanIya upakaraNa ina prakAra haiM pravahaDaM- 1-32- mUsala-yaha lakaDI kA banatA hai / isake nicale kinAre para lohe kI sAma (kacI-2-9) lagI hotI hai / yaha dhyAna kI kuTAI me kAma AtA hai, kuTAI meM eka aura bhI upakaraNa kI AvazyakatA paDatI hai jise 'kADI' kahate haiM / yaha patthara' yA lakaDI kI banatI hai / isa koza me lakaDI kI banI huI 'kADI' ke lie prAyara -1-74 zabda prayukta hai| ina do upakaraNoM ke atirikta kuTAI me kAma pAne vAlA eka anya upakaraNa 'rokhalI' hai| isake lie yahAM ukvalI 1-88 zabda pAyA hai / yaha zabda thoDe bvaniparivartana ke sAtha aAja bhI pracalita hai| inI taraha ganne aura tala kI perAI meM kAma Ane vAlA upakaraNa kolhumo 2-65- kolhU hai / yaha prAya patthara kA hotA thaa| yaha zabda bhI 'kolha' ke rUpa me thoDe dhvanyAtmaka parivartana ke sAtha jyo kA tyo unI artha me pracalita hai| anya gharelU vastutro me kdArI 2-4- churI, kaDacchu 2-7- karachula, kaDatalA2-19- haMsiyA (anAja kI phasala Adi kATane me kAma Ane vAlA arddhacandra AkRti kA lohe kA banA huprA upakaraNa vizeSa), kaDanara -2-16 purAne bhUpa Adi upakaraNa kaDamagra -2-20- eka vartana, kamaDha 2-55- dahI rakhane kA pAtra kamaNI -2-8- mIDhI karala -2-4- pAnI kA bartana, kalavU 1-12- lokI kA vartana, koDina -2-47- choTA karavA ( ise avavI meM 'paraI' bhI kahate haiM -yaha miTTI kI banAyI jAtI hai ) gAyarI, gopA tathA garagarI 2-99- gagarI (miTTI kA baDA- jo Aja bhI gAvo me pIne kA pAnI rakhane aura anAja ityAdi bhara kara surakSita rakhane ke kAma me AtA hai) golI 2-95- mathAnI- yaha lakaDI kI banAyI jAtI hai aura chAcha vilone ke kAma me AtI hai, duvo -4-11- nAriyala kA banA huyA pAtra-yaha pAtra bar3e vartano me me dahI aura mA prAdi drava padArthoM ko nikAlane ke kAma meM AtA hai 'avadhI' meM ise 'nariyarI' kahA jAtA hai, veMkI-4-15- DhaMkI-yaha lakaDI ke lambe Thosa paTare se banAyA gayA yatra vizepa hotA hai| isakI tulanA 'mo-mA' se kI jA sakatI hai| ise dhAna kUTane ko kAma meM lAyA jAtA hai| zabda ko dekhakara hI patA cala jAtA hai ki isame kisI bhI prakAra kA bhASA vaijJAnika parivartana nahIM huA hai| yaha jyo kA tyo apane prAcIna svarUpa aura artha me Aja bhI vyavahRta hotA hai / liccI 4-44 pAnI nikAlane kI 1. patyara phI banI huI kAhI ke lie navo vayA avajaNNo 1-26, do zabda vyavahRta hue haiN|

Page #129
[ 119 cI -ime rahara' bhI kahate hai| gAvoM meM yaha micAI kA AmAna aura bahupracalita upakaraNa hai| dupakupariNA-5-48- ugAladAna, duddhiNiyA - 5-54 telahaDI (miTTI kI banI huI tela rakhane kI hADI), paccUDha tathA pariyalI 6-12- thAlI pottI -7-70- zIzA yA kAra, boharI -6-97- jhADU, pUraNa 6-56- sUpa / / ina nitya prati kI prayoga yogya gharelU vastupro ke atirikta kucha gRha udyogo se sambandhita zabda bhI Aye haiM / aise udyogo me kapaDA bunanA aura lohe ke choTe-moTe kAma prAdi hai / kapaDe kI bunAI se sabaddha-pUrI 6-56- julAhe kA yatra, tatukkhoDDI 5-7- kapaDA bunane kI mazIna kA eka yaMtra vizeSa, palasa 6-70- kapAsa kA phala, palahI 6-4 saI ityAdi zabda kahe jA sakate hai / eka jagaha pUNI 6-56- pUnI (rUI kI banI huI) kA ullekha dekhakara aisA pratIta hotA hai jaise hAtha se sUta kAtane kA kArya bhI loga bahuta pahale hI se jAnate rahe ho| isa zabda kA sabadha tatkAlIna gujarAta ke jIvana me bhI ho sakatA hai| gAvI jI ne isa kalA para bahuta jora diyA thA isakA kAraNa, ho sakatA hai-gujarAta ke jana-jIvana me pracalita isa vyavasAya kI prasiddhi hI rahI ho| lohe ke dhandhe se sambandhita pavaddha 6-11- lohe kA dhana zabda pAyA hai| sAmAjika utsava eva khelakUda 'dezInAmamAlA' me vibhinna sAmAjika utsavo se sambandhita kaI zabda Aye hai| ye utsava apane Apa me bahuta vaDI sAskRtika mahattA chipAye hue haiN| ASADha mAsa me gaurI pUjA ke avasara para hone vAle utsava ko bhAu 6-103, zrAvaNamAsa me zuklapakSa kI caturdazI ko hone vAle utsava ko vorallI 7-18, bhAdo mAsa ke zukla pakSa kI dazamI ko manAye jAne vAle utsava ko DuriyA 4-45, kArtika ke kRSNa pakSa me sampAdita hone vAle mahotsava ko mahAlakkho 6-127, kAtikamAsa kI zaratpUrNimA para hone vAle utsava ko pogrAlayo 6-18! kahA jAtA thA / isa utsava ke antargata pati-patnI ke hAtha se mIThe 'puyo' kA bhojana karatA thA / mAgha ke mahIne me eka utsava manAyA jAtA thA jisame Ikha kI dAtUna kI jAtI thii| ise avayAro (1-32) kahA jAtA thA, vasatAgamana para hone vAle utsava ko phagga (6-82) kahate the| eka anya utsava para nava dampatti eka dUsare kA nAma lete the ise laya (7-16) kahA jAtA thaa| eka aise utsava kA ullekha huA hai jimame tamAma striyAM ekatra hotI thii| iname se pratyeka apane pati kA nAmagrahaNa karatI thI, jo strI apane pati kA nAma na le pAtI thI use sabhI milakara palAza kI DAlI se pITatI thii| isa

Page #130
120 ] utsava ke lie NavalayA (4-21) zabda pAyA hai / / isa koza me sakalita kucha rIti-rivAja sUcaka zabda bhI ullekhanIya haiN| emiNiyA (1-145) zabda aisI strI kA vAcaka hai, jo apane zarIra ko sUta se nApa kara usa sUta ko cAro dizAmo me pheMkatI hai| yaha sambhavata kimI prakAra kI abhicAra kriyA rahI hogI jise karane vAlI strI samAja me atyata patita samajhI jAtI rahI hogI / ANadavaDo (1-72) zabda kA artha hai jisakA vivAha choTI avasthA me ho jAya, vaha strI java prathama vAra rajasvalA ho usake rajolipna vastra ko dekha kara pati yA pati ke anya kuTumbI jo prAnanda prApta karate haiM, vaha Ananda ima zabda se vyakta hotA hai| khikhirI aura jhajjharI ( kramaza: 2-73 aura 3-34) zabda aisI chaDI ke vAcaka haiM, jise cANDAla kahe jAne vAle vyakti apanI aspRzyatA kA saketa karane ke lie, liye rahate the / isI prakAra 'zavara' jAti ke loga apane sira para patte kA donA (TopI kI bhAti) rakhakara calate the isake lie Isigra (1-84) zabda vyavahRta hayA hai| pulinda jAti ke loga bhI isI prakAra kA donA sira para rakhakara calate the / inake sira para rakhe hue done ke lie pattI, pattapasAipA, tathA pittapisAlasa (6 -2) tIna zabda Aye haiN| isa prAkRta koza me kucha khelavAcaka zabda bhI sakalita haiN| ina zabdo se usa kAla ke khela vipayaka manorajana ke sAdhanoM para paryApta prakAza paDatA hai / zrAkho ko thakA dene vAle phira bhI atyata priya lagane vAle khela ko gadINI (2-83) kahA gayA hai / lukAchipI ke khela ke lie prolu kI (1-153) zabda AyA hai| UnA-pUrA yA muTThI me paise lekara anya vyakti se usakI sama yA viSama saMkhyA ke bAre me pUchanA a veTTI (1-7) kahalAtA thA / eka paira se calane vAle khela ko hicaya tathA hivina (6-68) kahA gayA hai| ina vibhinna utsavo aura rIti-rivAjo se sambanvita zabdo ko dekhakara jisa sAskRtika citra kI kalpanA mastiSka me ubharatI hai- vaha prAcInakAla se pracalita vibhinna saskRtiyo kA mizraNa mAtra hai| AcArya hemacandra ne isa koza kA sakalana 1. imI utsava se milatA jalatA utsava bhAdo ke mahIne meM kajarI tIja ke avasara para ava bhI sampanna hotA hai| uttara-pradeza ke pUrvI jiloM meM isa dina sasurAla se lauTakara AyI haI navavivAhita kanyAe apane patiyoM kA nAma letI haiN| parantu isame mAra-pITa jaisI koI bAta nihita nahIM hotii| 2. 'pulinda' jAti atyata prAcIna hai| 'zuna zepa vAkhyAna meM (jo ki brAhmaNa sAhitya kA prasiddha aura prAcIna AkhyAna hai) inhe vizvAmitra ke niSkAsita putro ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA gayA hai / sAskRtika adhyayana kI dRSTi se yaha zabda isa koza ke zabdo kI prAcInatA siddha karane ko paryApta hai|

Page #131
[ 121 12 vI sadI me kiyA hai / ve eka adbhuta adhyayanazIla RSi the / unhone ina zabdo ke sakalana me avazya hI nimna vargIya saMskRtiyo se sambandhita grantho kA adhyayana kiyA hogA / aise grantha Aja upalabdha nahI haiN| aisI sthiti me niSkarSa rUpa meM kevala yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki ina zabdo me 12 vI sadI kI gujarAta ke nivAsiyo kI nimnavargIya saskRti ke sAtha hI unase bhI prAcIna kAla se pracalita eva paramparA se prApta saskRti ke aneko zabda haiN| pIche 'pulinda' jAti ke ullekha ke sAtha hI yaha batAyA jA cukA hai ki yaha jAti uttara vaidika kAla se, ullekho me milane lagatI hai / isI taraha isase bhI prAcIna jAtiyo kI sAskRtika zabdAvalI yuga-yugo se janabhApAmo me milatI rahI hai jisakA aitihAsika krama se kahI ullekha na prApta hone ke kAraNa kucha nizcayapUrvaka kahA bhI nahIM jA sakatA / aise hI aneko prAcIna eva tatkAlIna gujarAta ke nimna vargIya rahana-sahana aura rIti-rivAjo se 'dezInAmamAlA' ke ina zabdo ko savaddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa koza ke zabdo kI bahuta bar3I mAtrA samAja me pracalita Tone ToTake, tathA vividha kliSTa sAdhanAmo se sabadhita haiN| isake atirikta aneko zabda samAja kI unmukta kAmukatA, vividha ratyAdi kriyAno tathA durAcAro ko vyakta karane vAle haiN| ina sabhI bAto ko dekhate hue ina zabdo ke vAtAvaraNa kI tulanA yadi atharvavedIya zabdo ke vAtAvaraNa se kI jAye to dono me bahuta kucha samAnatA milatI hai / sakSepa me yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye zabda bahuta prAcIna kAla se paramparA me vikAsamAna adhikAzata nimnavargIya saMskRti ke dyotaka hai| isa kathana kI puSTi prAge vivecita dhArmika zabdAvalI se bhI ho jaayegii| dhArmika prAcAra-vicAra aura devI-devatA : 'dezInAmamAlA' ke vizAla zabda bhaNDAra ke bIca kucha zabda dhArmika rItirivAjo aura vibhinna devI-devatAo ke vAcaka haiN| isa prakAra ke zabda kisI dharma yA sampradAya vizeSa se sambandhita nahIM hai ataH inake AdhAra para kisI viziSTa samAja kA prArUpa nahI khaDA kiyA jA sakatA / kahI zaiva dharma ke vAcaka zabda hai to kahI jaina dharma ke / isI prakAra kahI zAkta deviyA haiM, to kahI purANo me atyanta prasiddha viSNu, brahmA, gaNeza, kAma' prAdi devatA haiN| isa koTi ke zabdo me adholikhita devatA vizeSatayA ullekhanIya haiM / prema ke devatA kAma ke lie kaI zabda haiM jaise - Isaro 1-84 UsaNa1-139, katU 2-1, kurukurina 2-42, murumurina 6-135, mammaNo-6-141, 1. 'dezInAmamAlA' kI devatAo se sambandhita zabdAvalI me 'kAma' se sambandhita zabdo kI bharamAra hai| yaha devatA nimna cittavRtti vAlo ke lie hI vizeSa pUjya hotA hai|

Page #132
_122 ] mayariNavAso 6-126 grAdi / zaiva kApAlika ke lie agahaNa 1-82 tathA ziva bhakto ke lie baMgacchA 7-39 zabda pAye haiM / ye dono zabda isa tathya kA udghATana karate hai ki samAja me paurANika tridevo (brahmA, viSNu, maheza) me sRSTi kA sRjana eva kalyANa karane vAle ziva tayA zakti ke adhiSThAtA rudra rUpI ziva, ina dono hI rUpo kI upAsanA kA pracalana thaa| ziva ke rudra 1 rUpa ke lie siDhatyo 8-31 zabda vyavahRta huyA hai / ziva putra kArtikeya aura gaNeza ke lie kramaza. ca ukkaro 3-5 tathA hairivo 8-72 prayukta hue haiM / brahmA ke lie thero 5-29 pasevano 6-22 tathA visArI 7-62 tIna zabda sakalita haiN| iname visArI zabda kamala para grAmana lagAkara baiThe hue brahmA kA vAcaka hai / yaha zabda tadbhava hai / viza kA artha kamalanAla hotA hai / viSNu ke lie isa koza me ekkhattaNomi 4-22 bhaTTiyo 6-100 tathA suvaSNavinda 8-40 zabda Aye haiM / indra ke lie ghaNavAhI 2-107 aura indrANI ke lie dhu dhumArA 5-60 tathA indra ke putra jayata ke lie paihano 6-19 zabda prayukta huyA hai| indra ko prasanna karane ke lie eka utsava kA bhI ullekha hai jo sambhavata varSAkAla me vRSTi na hone ke kAraNa kiyA jAtA rahA hogA / isa utsava ke lie i daDDhalo 1-82 zabda prAyA hai| prasiddha vaidika devatA varuNa ko jala ke devatA ke rUpa me ullikhita kiyA gayA hai / migo (8-31 ) tathA surajeTho aura pheNavavo phaNaDo 6-85 - mamudra aura pazcima dizA ke devatA varuNa / kRSNa ke bar3e bhAI balarAma kA vAcaka zabda usaNaseNo - 1-118 hai| deviyo me cAmuNDA ke lie riNammasA 4-35, dibAsA 5-39, caNDI yA durgA ke lie sUlatyArI (zUlavAriNI yA zUladharI), candramA kI strI ke lie mANamI 6-147 zabda sakalita hai / eka sthAna para devamAtAo ke lie chAiyo 3-26 zabda vyavahRta huA hai / ina devatApo se alaga manuSyo ko vividha prakAra kI vAvAeM pahu~cAne vAle rAkSaso tathA bhUta preto eva pizAciniyo kA bhI ullekha kaI zabdo me huyA hai| ina vAdhaka rAkSasoM me rAha ke lie kaI zabda Aye haiM jaise anbhapisAno 1-42 gahakallolo 2-86, siMdhugro 8-31 tayA pizAca ke lie DhaDharo tathA Dhayaro 1. rudra ke lie dUsarA vyavahRta zabda 'paharago' 6-23 hai|

Page #133
[ 123 4.16. giDo 4-25 parepro 6-12, maruno 6-114 / asura yA rAkSasa ke lie purilnadevo 6-55, jaggohaNo 3 43 / dAnava ke lie ayakko, prayago 1-6 / pretinI ke lie ugrarI 1-981 DAkinI ke lie segraNiyA 7.12 tathA lAmA 7-21 / "dezInAmamAlA" kA eka ganda atyata caukA dene vAlA hai / dhammo5-63 / aine puruSa ke vAcaka zabda ke rUpa me yavahana huA hai jise cAmuNDA ko pani dI jAne vAlI hai| yaha zabda bhArata meM bata prAcInakAla se pracalita nara bali phA maketa dene vAlA hai / prAyanara jAtiyo dvArA pratipAdita viziSTa dhArmika pranu upano meM narabali dI jAtI thI, isake aneko pramANa DhU Dha jA sakate hai / yaha manda bhI isa kRtya kI prAmANikatA ko dyotina karane vAlA hai / Upara ullivita bAdhaka dupTAtmAno tathA bure graho se sAmAnya rUpa se loga bhayabhIta rahate the- isakA nakena ahimiya 1-30 meM milatA hai / isakA artha preta yA graha vAghAlo ne ura kara ronA hai / dhArmika jIvana ko abhivyakti dene vAle anya zabda isa prakAra haiM -airANI 1-47 - bhakti meM lagI huI strii| kandala 2-4 - kapAla / karaka - 2-17 bhikSA pAtra / coralI - 3-19 - zrAvaNa kRSNa catudarzI ko kiyA jAne vAlA vrata vizeSa / chippatI, chippaTI 3-37 - eka dhArmika vrt| dukkara - 5-42 - mAya ke mahIne meM bahata prAta hI kiyA jAne vAlA dhArmika snAna / bhUaNNo - 6-107 - jote hae kheta me kiyA jAne vAlA yjny| mahAlavakkho -6-127 -kvAra kA zrAdRpakSa / janavarattI (yakSarAni), 3-43 - dIpAvalI kA tyauhAra / mAyadI 6-129 - zvetavasnA sanyAsinI / / vatyI 7-31 Azrama / viDakiyA - 7-67yajJa-vedI / saNNojjho 8-6 - eka yajJa vizepa isakA artha dhana ke adhipati kubera kA nevaka bhI hai / ho sakatA hai yaha yajJa bhautika samRddhi (dhana-dhAnyAdi) ke lie kiyA jAtA rahA ho / sArI - 8-22 - RSipITha - yaha Rpiyo ke rahane aura adhyayana adhyApana tathA dhArmika cintana kA sthAna rahA hogA / sAina - 8-25 - saskAra yA zikSA / aAja bhI koI zubha kArya karane ke pahale yA yAtrA para jAne ke pUrva kisI jJAnI se loga "sAita" pUchate hai| ina dono zabdo me thoDa hI artha parivartana ke sAtha sambandha sthApita ho jAtA hai / 1. isa zabda kA vyavahAra samgavata zvetAmbara sapradAya me dIkSita jaina dharmAvalavinI mahilA ke lie kiyA jAtA rahA hogaa|

Page #134
____1241 dharma ke kSetra me pUjAgRho aura mandiro kA bahuta mahattva rahA hai| isa koza me mandiro ke vAcaka kaI zabda saMkalita hai| pIyAro 4-41 ~~ eka khulA huA deva gRha yA maNDapa / ahihara 1-57 ~~ mandira, vayaNa 7-85 tathA sANa ra 8-24 zabda bhI mandiravAcI haiN| ina mandiro me pratimA kI pUjA hotI thii| pratimA ke lie ThaviyA - 4-5 zabda makalita hai / hemacandra ke samakAlIna gujarAta ke lie devamandiro kI sthiti sAdhAraNa bAta hai| sAhitya aura kalA sAhitya aura kalA kisI bhI samAja yA jAti kI saskRti ke zreSTha pratimAna haiM / prAcArya hemacandra gujarAta jaisI mamRddha vidyA-bhUmi me utpanna hue the vahIM zikSA grahaNa kI aura vahI apane sudIrgha kAryakAla kA yApana kiyA / hemacandra ke samaya kA gujarAta sAhitya aura kalA kI dRSTi se atyanta samRddha thA / usakI isa samRddhi kA dyotana AcArya hemacandra aura unake samakAlIna prAcAryoM ne apane grantho me bhalI-bhAti kiyA hai| jahAM taka dezInAmamAlA me sakalita ima koTi ke zabdo kA sambandha hai eka bAra phira atyanta kheda ke sAtha kahanA par3a rahA hai ki inase kisI yuga vizepa ke mamAja vizeSa yA jAti vizepa kI maskRti kA dyotana nahIM hotA apitu ye samAja meM rahane vAlI ziSTa tathA aziSTa-zikSita tathA azikSita dono vargoM kI saskRti kA dyotana karate haiM / sAhitya aura kalA se sambanvita "dezInAmamAlA" ke zabdo me jyotiSa, gaNita, kAva, mAhityika carcA, jAdU TonA, nRtya, gIta, vAdya Adi se sambanvita zabda ullekhanIya haiN| inakA Rmika ullekha isa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai - eka sthAna para pAmorayo (1-66) zabda pAyA hai isakA tAtparya aise vyakti se hai jo apane viSaya kA vizeSajJa ho| pattaTTho (6-69) zabda bhI bahuzikSita yA vizeSajJa kA hI artha detA hai| isa prAvAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki agala-alaga vidyAyo ke alaga-alaga vizepana hote rahe hoNge| ina vizepano ke bIca ApasI vimarza karane ke lie kI jAne vAlI samA yA goSThI ke lie ghaDiaghaDA aura ghaDI (2-105) do zabda pAye haiN| samAja meM pracalita bhinna-bhinna vidyApro ke bIca jyotipa kA viziSTa mahattva rahA hogaa| isame sambanvita zabdo me gaNyamaho (2-86) - vivAha gaNanA karane vAlA jyotipI ullekhanIya hai / eka sthAna para grahaparivartana kA ullekha huyA hai isake lie hatyivano - (8-63) zabda prayukta huyA hai| gaNitazAstra se sambandhita do zabda patrAvANNA paNNava (6-27) - 55 kI ginatI tathA koNa (2-45) -8- eka rekhA ke artha me prayukta huA hai / jahimA

Page #135
[ 125 (3-42) eka aine vidagdha puruSa kA vAcaka hai jo gAthAe racane me (padya racanA me) atyanta paTu ho / gIta ke lie unbAula (1-34) tathA ucca svara me kiye jAne vAle gAna ke lie prohIritra (1-163) zabda vyavahRta hue haiM rAsanRtya ke lie kuddaNo' (2-38) nayA gAdhAraNa nRtya ke lie taddiyacaya (5-8 ) zabda Aye haiM / ghu gharU ke lie Nigrana (4-28) ma prayukta hai| "jInAmamAnA" meM vAdya yanago se sambandhita zabdo kI bharamAra hai / ye vAdyayanma alaga-alaga nAmAjika avasaro para prayoga kiye jAne vAle tathA bhinna dhAturo bora prAkRtika banampatiyo kI mahAyatA se banAye jAte the / ina vAdya yatro me nimnalikhita vizeSa rUpa ne ullekhanIya hai - Dhola ke lie bhabhA (6-100), jhukha yA kAma ke lie jhapo (3-58) tathA tugAgro (5-15), eka vizeSa prakAra kI cINA ke lie TaparI (4.14), mukha me bajAye jAne vAle tathA tRNa (narakula zrAdi) ne banane vAle vAdya ke lie piMgutI aura pihula (6-47), durdaraka nAmaka vAdya ke lie vAya ughaDo (7-61) grAdi zabda sakalita hai| kucha aise bhI vAdya yatro ke vAcaka zabda hai, jinake svarUpa ke bAre meM kucha bhI nizcaya pUrvaka nahI kahA jA mayatA / aise zabdo me pihaNDo (6-79), luraNI (7-24) Adi ullekhanIya hai / bacce ke janma avasara para vajAye jAne vAle vAdya ke lie thevarina (5-29) zabda sagrahIta kiyA gayA hai| ina zabdo ke atirikta isa prAkRta-kopa meM jJAna-vijJAna se sambandhita zabdo kA bhI prabhAva nahIM hai / voupka tathA vanograttha (7-50 ) - vipavata rekhAbhUgola ke zabda hai / gaNita se sambandhita zabdo kA ullekha pahale kiyA jA cukA hai / isI prakAra prAkRtika vastugro pazu-pakSiyo tathA anya sAsArika vastupro ke jJAna kI sUcanA ina zabdo ke mAdhyama se milatI hai| eka sthAna para semala kI rUI se strI prAkRti (guDiyA) ke nirmANa kA saketa ekkasivalI (1-146) zabda me milatA hai| isI prakAra kImatI pattharo ko zAna para caDhAkara unhe tarAsanA aura unase vividha mUlyavAna vastupro ke nirmANa kA bhI saketa proppA 1-148 zabda me dekhA jA sakatA hai| "dezInAmamAlA" me sakalita "sAhitya aura kalA" se sambandhita zabdA. valI yadyapi alpamAtrA me hai / phira bhI jitane zabda milate hai unakI apanI viziSTa 1. hindI 'kUdanA' kriyA kA vikAsa isa zabda me dekhA jA sakatA hai| rAsanRtya me hone vAle tvarita agasacAlana aura pAvo ke paTaka ne tathA uchalane kUdane ke kAraNa hI isa nRtya kA yaha nAma paDA hogA / Aja bhI rAsanRtya me yahI kriyA pradhAnatayA dekhI jAtI hai|

Page #136
126 ] sAskRtika mahattA hai / aAja bhI yadi ina zabdoM kA vikAsa vibhinna prAntIya saMskRta tiyo kI zabdAvalI me khojA jAya to avazya hI kahI na kahIM prApta ho jAyeMga / vipaya vistAra ke kAraNa yahA~ ina mAskRtika zabdo kA vivaragA mAtra de diyA gayA hai| isa ke sabhI pado kA tulanAtmaka aura aitihAsika vivecana eka atyanta durUha tathA apane grApa meM bhaviSya ke anumadhitsuyo ke lie eka svataMtra kArya hai / grAmINa kRpaka-jIvana se sambandhita zabdAvalI ____ "dezInAmamAlA" ke zabdoM se sUcita hone vAlA samAja adhikAza rUpa me eka khetihara samAja hai| isa tathya kA spaSTIkaraNa udAharaNa kI gAthAgrI me hotA hai / vahA pAye hue hAlika yuvaka yuvatiyo ke varNana meto ke bIca unakI unmukta kAma kIDAyo me eka khetihara varga kA citra hI ubhara kara sAmane AtA he / jahA taka kRSi kalA se savacitta zabdAvalI kA prazna hai, isake lie bhI paryApta zabda ima koza anya me mila jAte hai / kheto kI siMcAI ke kAma pAne vAlI pAnI kI carbI ke lie kula cAra zabda pAye haiM - pAgatI (1-63), ukkratI, ukkada tathA ukkA (1-87) 1 siMcAI ke lie vinA jagata ke (muDe) kA vyavahAra hotA thA, isakA makta utta ho ( 1-94)-vinA jagata kA kugrA meM milatA hai / eka zandra ucchu,praraga (1117) me dUra dUra taka phaile hue Ikha ke khuno kA saketa milatA hai / isake atirikta grAmINa kRpaka jIvana se sambandhita aura bhI aneko prakAra ke pazu pakSiyo aura peDa pauvo se sambandhita zabda bahutAyata se milate haiM / inakA alaga-alaga ullekha kara denA upayukta hogaa| per3a-paudhe aura phala-phUla * prApallI (1-61)- eka latA yA jhuramuTa, dhAraNAla (1-67) - kamala zrAvago (1-62) tathA kacADo (2-53) ~ baheDe kA vRkSa, ummatto (1-89) dhatta ra, kakallI (2 12) - azoka vRna, kakoDa (2-7) tathA kacchurI (3-11)kaI nAma kA eka vRkSa vizepa, kaTAra (2-10) - nAriyala, karAI (2-5), ekalatA, koTTa-nIlakamala (2-9), karayadI (2-18) - malikApuppa, karADaNI (2-18) zAlmalitaru, kalayo (2-54) - arjunavRkSa kalako (2-8)- vAsa, kavayaM (2-3) -- kukuramuttA, kasaI (26 - jagalIphala, kAliMjaNI (2-29) - tApi calatA, kAheNa 12-21 - gujA nAmaka jhADI, kuMtI (2-34) - majarI, kudIra (2-39) - ku darU kA phala, kepAravANo (2-45) - palAza, keU (244)-kada, gaha (283) - zvetakamala, guDa (2.91) latrakA nAma kI ghAsa, cakkagaNagaya (3-7) - nAragI, cadojjaM (3-4)- pravanakamalinI, cauDho (3.19) bela kA peDa, jaMbugro (3-52) - vetasa vRkSa, jhaDagro (2-53) - pIlu nAmaka vRkSa, TakkArI (4.2)~ eka banelAphUla Tolatro (4-4) - madhUka vRkSa, DAU (4-12) ~ phala hamaka nAmaka vRkSa, gaDamAmaya (4-23) - jala me utpanna hone vAlA eka phala, gIlakaThI (4-42) ~ vANa vRkSa isa prakAra ke aneko peDa pIyo eva phUlo-phUlo se sambandhita zabdAvalI isa koza meM paga-paga para vikharI huI hai| pazu-pakSI dezInAmamAlA kI pazu-pakSiyo se sambanvita zabdAvalI bhI prAzcarya me DAla dene vAlI hai| inameM pAye hue pazu-pakSiyo ke nAma vicitra hai, yadyapi pazu-pakSI

Page #137
[ 127 suparicita hI hai / ina zabdo ke sacayana me prAcArya hemacandra ko paryApta chAna-bIna karanI paDI hogii| pazu-pakSiyo tathA vibhinna jIva-jantuno se sambandhita kucha ullekhanIya zabda nIce diye jA rahe hai-- pAlaI (1-64) - zakunipakSI, pAlatyo (1-65) - mayUra, pAlAso (1-61) -vicchU yAvi, (1-76) - indragopa-eka lAlaraga kA barasAtI kIDA, Asakkha gro (1-67) - zrIvad nAmaka pakSI, pAhu (1-61) - ulUka idda Do, (1-79) - bhramara, i dagAI (181) - jhuDa meM calane vAle kIDe, idamahakAmumo (1-82) - kuttA, iramadiro (181) - yuvA hAthI, irAvo (180) - gaja, illI (183) - siMha, isayo (1-82) - rojjha nAmaka mRga uDDayo (1-23) - vaila, uDDaso (1-96), khaTamala, urarI (1-88) - eka pazu, uluhato (1-109) - koprA, eNu vAsiyo (1-147) - meDhaka Aleyo (1 160) - vAjapakSI karaNaillo (2-21), totA, kaTha (1-51) - suara, kaNacchurI (2 19)- chipakalI, kaddamiyo (2-15). bhaisA yA bhaisa, kAmakisoro (2-30) - gadhA kAyaculo ( 2-29) - jala me rahane vAlA pakSI, kAyariuccho (2-30) - kokilA, kikkiDI (2-33) - sarpa, ku no (2-29) - totA, kulho (2-34) - siyAra, koviyA (2-48), - siyArina, khaccallo (2-69) - bhAla, khikkhiDo (2-74) - kekaDA, gaDDarI (2-84)- vakarI, gaharo (2-34) - gIdha, gAmeNI (2-34) - bheDa, gutthaDI (2-92)- pAnI meM rahane vAlA jIva, gAhulI (2-89) - eka krUra jalacara / isI prakAra ke aura aneko zabda dezInAmamAlA me paga-paga para bikhare dekhe jA sakate haiM / prAcArya hemacandra ne ina nAmavAcI zabdo kA sakalana deza ke kone-kone se prApta sUcanAyo ke AdhAra para kiyA thaa| isa varga ke sandarbhagata grantha ava aprApta haiM / ata inake prayoga sthAna ko nirdhArita kara pAnA bhI eka duvha kArya hai / zabdo ke svarUpa ko dekhakara, mAtra itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye yuga-yugo se azikSita grAmINa janatA ke vIca vyavahRta hote Aye zabda hai / rAjanIti aura zAsana vyavasthA : __isa varga ke antargata Ane vAlI zabdAvalI prAcIna bhArata kI zAsanavyavasthA se sambandhita hai / ise tatkAlIna gujarAta kI zAsana vyavasthA se bhI sadabhita kiyA jA sakatA hai / dezInAmamAlA me rAjA ke lie ummallo (1-131) zabda kA vyavahAra huyA hai| eka zabda "prAyAsatala" (1-72) me rAjA ke nivAsa sthAna "rAjamahala" kA bhI saketa kiyA gayA hai| mahala ke daravAje para rahane vAle dvAra-rakSaka ke lie kaDaallo (2 15) zabda pAyA hai / rAjA kA rAjamahala nagara ke madhya me hotA thaa| nagara pradhAna ke lie kaugra (2-56)zabda AyA hai| pUre nagara me choTI aura baDI saDako kA nirmANa kara sacAra vyavasthA kI jAtI thii| dezInAmamAlA me nagara ke lie koTa (2-45) tathA saDaka ke lie kilaNI (2-31) aura khu khuNI (2-76) zabda pAye haiN| choTI saDaka ke artha me cheDI (3-31) zabda kA vyavahAra huA hai / caurAhe ke lie "jaghAchegro' zabda pAyA hai| nagara ke bAhara cAro ora jala se bharI khAI kA pracalana atiprAcIna hai| isake lie "khAimA (2-73) zabda vyavahRta huyA hai / nagara ke madhya bAjAra ke lie kavvAla (2-52) zabda AyA hai / rAjya kI sImA ke lie sadevo (8-7) zabda kA prayoga huA hai| pUre rAjya kA zAsana alaga-alaga grAmAdhipatiyo ke hAtha me rahatA thaa|

Page #138
126 ] sAskRtika mahattA hai / Aja bhI yadi ina zabdo kA vikAsa vibhinna prAntIya sarakatiyo kI zabdAvalI me khojA jAya to avazya hI kahI na kahI prApta ho jAyeMge / vipaya vistAra ke kAraNa yahA~ ina sAskRtika zabdo kA vivaraNa mAtra de diyA gayA hai / isa ke sabhI zabdo kA tulanAtmaka aura aitihAsika vivecana eka atyanta duruha tathA apane Apa me bhaviSya ke anumadhitsugro ke lie eka mvatatra kArya hai / grAmINa kRSaka-jIvana se sambandhita zabdAvalI "dezInAmamAlA" ke zabdo se sUcita hone vAlA samAja adhikAza rUpa me eka khetihara samAja hai| isa tathya kA spaSTIkaraNa udAharaNa kI gAthAgrI se hotA hai / vahA Aye hue hAlika yuvaka yuvatiyo ke varNana kheto ke bIca unakI unmukta kAma krIDAyo me eka khetihara varga kA citra hI ubhara kara mAmane pAtA hai / jahA taka kRSi kalA se savadhita zabdAvalI kA prazna hai, isake lie bhI paryApta zabda isa koza. grantha me mila jAte hai / kheto kI siMcAI ke kAma Ane vAlI pAnI kI carbI ke lie kula cAra zabda pAye hai - AgattI (1-63), ukkatI, ukkada tathA ukkA (1.87) / micAI ke lie vinA jagata ke (muDe) kA vyavahAra hotA thA, isakA saketa utta ho (1-94)-vinA jagata kA kuyA-me milatA hai / eka zabda ucchaparaNa (1117) se dUra dUra taka phaile hue Ikha ke kheto kA saketa milatA hai / isake atirikta grAmINa kRpaka jIvana se sambandhita aura bhI aneko prakAra ke pazu pakSiyo aura peDa pauSo se sambandhita zabda bahutAyata se milate hai| inakA alaga-alaga ullekha kara denA upayukta hogaa| peDa-paudhe aura phala-phUla * prApallI (1-61) - eka latA yA jhuramuTa, pAraNAla (1-67) - kamala zrAvago (1-62) tathA karabADo (2-53)- baheDe kA vRkSa, ummatto (1-89) ghatta ra, kakellI (2 12) - azoka vRkSa, kakoDa (2-7) tathA kacchurI (3-11)kaI nAma kA eka vRkSa vipropa, kaTAra (2-10) - nAriyala, karAI (2-5), ekalatA, kadoTTa-nIlakamala (2-9), karayadI (2.18) - malikApuppa, karAiNI (2-18) zAlmalitaru, kalayo (2-54)- arjunavRkSa kalako (2-8) - vAsa, kavaya (2-3) - kukuramuttA, kasaI (26 - jagalIphala, kAlijaNI (2-29) -tApi cchalatA, kAheNa 12.21 - gujA nAmaka jhADI, kutI (2-34) - majarI, kudIra (2-39) - ku darU kA phala, kemAravANo (2.45) - palAza, keU (244)-kada, gaddaha (283) - zvetakamala, guDa (291) lacakA nAma kI ghAsa, cakkagaNagaya (3-7) - nAragI, cadojja (3-4) - zvetakamalinI, coDho (319) vela kA peDa, jagro (3-52) - vaitasa vRkSa, jhaTupro (2-53) - pIlu nAmaka vRkSa, TakkArI (4 2)- eka banelAphUla Tolabo (4-4) - mavUka vRkSa, DAU (4-12)- phala hamaka nAmaka vRkSa, ragaDamAsaya (4-23) - jala me utpanna hone vAlA eka phala, gIlakaThI (4.42)- vANa vRkSa isa prakAra ke aneko peDa pauvo eva phalo-phUlo se sambanvita zabdAvalI isa koza me paga-paga para vikharI huI hai| pazu-pakSI dezInAmamAlA kI pazu-pakSiyo se sambanvita zabdAvalI bhI pAzcarya me DAla dene vAlI hai| iname Aye hue pazu-pakSiyo ke nAma vicitra hai, yadyapi pazu-pakSI

Page #139
[ 127 suparicita hI haiM / ina zabdo ke sacayana me AcArya hemacandra ko paryApta chAna-bIna karanI paDI hogii| pazu-pakSiyo tathA vibhinna jIva-jantuo se sambandhita kucha ullekhanIya zabda nIce diye jA rahe hai pAlaI (1-64) - zakunipakSI, pAlattho (1-65) - mayUra, pAlAso (1-61) -vicchU Avia , (1-76) ~ indragopa-eka lAlaraga kA barasAtI kIDA, prAsakkha gro (1-67) - zrIvad nAmaka pakSI, prAha (1-61) - ulka idda Do, (1-79) - bhramara, i dagAI (1-81) - jhuDa me calane vAle kIDe, i damahakAmugro (1-82) - kuttA, iramadiro (181) - yuvA hAthI, irAvo (180) - gaja, illI (183) - siMha, isayo (1-82) - rojjha nAmaka mRga, uDDayo (1-23) - baila, uDDaso (1-96), khaTamala, urarI (1-88) - eka pazu, uluhato (1-109) - kopA, eNu vAsiyo (1-147) - meDhaka Aleyo (1 160)- bAjapakSI karaNaillo (2-21), totA, kaTha (1-51) - suara, kaNaccharI (2 19) - chipakalI, kaddamitro (2-15), bhaisA yA bhaisa, kAmakisoro (2-30) - gadhA kAyaculo ( 2-29) - jala me rahane vAlA pakSI, kAyariuccho (2-30) - kokilA, kikkiDI (2-33) - sarpa, ku to (2-29) - totA, kulho (2-34) - siyAra, koviyA (2-48), - siyArina, khaccallo (2-69) - bhAlU, khikhiDo (2-74) - kekaDA, gaDDarI (2-84)- bakarI, gaharo (2-34) - gIdha, gAmeNI (2-34) - bheDa, gutthaDI (2-92) - pAnI meM rahane vAlA jIva, gAhulI (2-89) - eka krUra jalacara / isI prakAra ke aura aneko zabda dezInAmamAlA me paga-paga para bikhare dekhe jA sakate haiM / AcArya hemacandra ne ina nAmavAcI zabdo kA sakalana deza ke kone-kone se prApta sUcanA ke AdhAra para kiyA thaa| isa varga ke sandarbhagata grantha ava aprApta haiM / ata inake prayoga sthAna ko nirdhArita kara pAnA bhI eka durUha kArya hai / zabdo ke svarUpa ko dekhakara, mAtra itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye yuga-yugo se prazikSita grAmINa janatA ke bIca vyavahata hote Aye zabda hai / rAjanIti aura zAsana vyavasthA : isa varga ke antargata Ane vAlI zabdAvalI prAcIna bhArata kI zAsanavyavasthA se sambandhita hai / ise tatkAlIna gujarAta kI zAsana vyavasthA se bhI sarbhita kiyA jA sakatA hai / dezInAmamAlA me rAjA ke lie ummallo (1-131) zabda kA vyavahAra huA hai / eka zabda "AyAsatala" (1-72) me rAjA ke nivAsa sthAna "rAjamahala" kA bhI saketa kiyA gayA hai| mahala ke daravAje para rahane vAle dvAra-rakSaka ke lie kaDaallo (2015) zabda AyA hai / rAjA kA rAjamahala nagara ke madhya me hotA thaa| nagara pradhAna ke lie kaugra (2-56)zabda AyA hai| pUre nagara me choTI aura baDI saDako kA nirmANa kara sacAra vyavasthA kI jAtI thii| dezInAmamAlA me nagara ke lie koTTa (2-45) tathA saDaka ke lie kilaNI (2-31) aura khu khuNI (2-76) zabda Aye haiN| choTI saDaka ke artha me cheDI (3-31) zabda kA vyavahAra huA hai / caurAhe ke lie "jaghAchegro' zabda pAyA hai| nagara ke bAhara cAro ora jala se bharI khAI kA pracalana atiprAcIna hai| isake lie "khAimA (2-73) zabda vyavahRta huA hai / nagara ke madhya bAjAra ke lie kavvAla (2-52) zabda pAyA hai / rAjya kI sImA ke lie sadevo (8-7) zabda kA prayoga huA hai| pUre rAjya kA zAsana alaga-alaga grAmAdhipatiyo ke hAtha me rahatA thaa|

Page #140
128 1 grAmAdhipati kA artha dene vAle, khariMgagro (2-69) gAmauTo, gAmagohI, gAmagI (2-89), goho (2-89), jaNauttI (3-52), saMgrAlo (8-58), meTTI (8-42) zrAdi kaI zabda pAye hai| prAcIna bhAratIya zAsana vyavasthA meM grAmagrAyukta kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / deNInAmamAlA ke samAja aura usame pAyI zAsana vyavasthA meM sarvatra grAmAdhipati yA grAma prAyukta kA hI vAla-vAlA hai| eka sthAna para chala se grAmAdhipati kA pada dhAraNa karane vAle vyakti ko "gAmageDI" ( 2-90) kahA gayA hai| rAjya-gAsana kI suvidhA ke lie kaI grAmo kA eka saMgha banA diyA jAtA thaa| ima grAma maya ke lie "karo (1-143) gabda pAyA hai| grAmAdhipati isI sagha kA pramukha adhikArI hotA thaa| pratyeka gAva kI mImA eka sImAkApTha gADa kara alaga kara dI jAtI thI, isake lie khoDo (2-80) zabda pAyA hai| eka alaga gAva ke lie gAmaharA (2-90) tathA gAva me rahane vAle logo ke lie jaglaviyo (3-44) za da Aye hai / gAva ke zAmaka ko mugviyA kahate the / isake lie bhI do zabda airaH (1-16) aura progrAmo (1-166) Aye haiN| ina zabdo ke mAdhyama meM vyakta hone vAlI grAmavyavasthA yA rAjya zAsana vyavasthA prAcIna bhArata kI rAjya-vyavasthA va grAma vyavasthA se paryApta sAmya rakhatI hai| yuddha yA surakSA sAmagrI prAcIna bhArata ke lie yuddha Aye dina, hone vAlI vastu thI / deNInAmamAlA me yuddha ke lie grAura (1-65) aura khammakkhammo (2-79) zabda pAye hai / yuddha meM vipakSI zatru ke lie kalI aura karalolo (2-2) zavda milate haiM / yuddha me surakSA hetu kile kA nirmANa bhI hotA thA / gaDhI (2-81) zabda imI kile kA vAcaka hai / yuddha meM dhanupa-bArA aura talavAra kA vyavahAra hotA thaa| isa koNa me dhanupa ke lie gaDIva (2-84) tathA talavAra ke lie Tako (4-4) eva appo (1-12) zabda Aye hai yuddha meM pakaDe gaye kaidI me lie avayaDhiya (1-46) pada vyavahRta huaA hai / yuddha meM hone vAnI parAjaya ke lie ahiligra (1-57) tathA parAjita vyakti ke lie akkata (1-16) zabda pAye hai| rAjanIti eva zAsana vyavasthA se sambandhita Upara dI gayI zabdAvalI prAcIna bhAratIya zAsana vyavasthA se savaddha haiM / tatkAlIna gujarAta bhI bahuta kucha isI vyavasthA ko prazraya dene vAlA thA, ata ina zabdo kA sambandha tatkAlIna gujarAta kI rAjanIti eva jAmana vyavasthA se bhI sthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra kI jabdAvalI "prAcIna itihAma" viSaya ke anusadhitsugro ke lie paryApta upayogI hai| nipharNa - Upara "daNInAmamAlA" kI sAskRtika zabda sapatti kA vistRta vivaraNa prastuta kiyA jA cukA hai| ina zabdo ke mAdhyama se jisa saskRti kA paricaya milatA hai, vaha yuga-yugo se calI Ane vAlI bhAratIya nimna tathA nimna madhyavargIya maskRti hai| isakA kimI yuga vizepa se sambandha sthApita kara pAnA eka asabhava kArya hai / dezInAmamAlA kI sAskRtika zabdAvalI itanI vizAla hai ki isakA adhyayana eka alaga hI joSa pravandha kA vipaya ho sakatA hai|

Page #141
'dezI' zabdoM kA vivecana 'dezI' zabda kA sAmAnya artha grAsya yA 'prAntIya' hai| bhASA ke artha me isakA prayoga prAkRta vyAkaraNakAro ne kiyA hai| saskRta vyAkaraNakAro ne kisI bhASA vizeSa ke artha me isakA prayoga na kara 'prAnta' ke artha me kiyA thaa| pANini kI praSTAdhyAyI' me yadyapi kaI sthAna para 'deza' zabda hai parantu vahA yaha prAntavAcaka hI hai / pANini ke pahale bhI niruktakAra yAska ne2 'deza' zabda kA prayoga prAnta ke hI artha me kiyA thA / mahAbhArata me sarvaprathama 'deza' zabda kA prayoga 'bhASA' ke sAtha kiyA gayA prApta hotA hai| isake bAda bharata ne 'deza' zabda kA prayoga apane nATyazAstra me vibhinna prAnto me volI jAne vAlI boliyo ke artha me kiyA prata UrdhvaM pravakSyAmi dezabhASAvikalpanam / athavA achanta. kAryA dezabhASA prayoktRbhi / nAnAdezasamutthaM hi kAvya bhavati nATake // 17146 vAtsyAyana ne apane kAmasUtra (114150) viSNudharmottara tathA mRcchakaTika (a ka 6, pRSTha 225) vizAkhadatta ne mudrArakSasa, vANabhaTTa ne kAdambarI tathA dhanajaya ne apane dazarUpaka me nAnA dezo me bolI jAne vAlI bhASAmo ko dezabhASA kahA hai-- 1 No eDaprAcA deze 111175 tadasminnastIti deza tannAmni 412167 nirukta, adhyAya 2, pAda 1, durgAcArya eva moharacanda puSkariNI TIkA carmamRgazcchinnA, nAnA bhASAzca bhArata / kuzalA dezabhASAstu, jalpato'nyonya Izvara.-mahAbhArata-zalyaparva, madhyAya 46

Page #142
____130 ] dezabhASA kriyAveza lakSaNAH syu pravRttayaH / lokAvedAgamyetA yathocitya prayojayet / yaddezanIca pAtra yad taddeza tasya bhApitam // dazarUpaka 2158161 dhanajaya spaSTa hI 'dezIbhASA' kA prayoga nimna zreNI ke pAtro kI bhASA ke liye karate haiN| uparyukta kucha ullekho se yaha vidita hotA hai ki bhinna bhinna prAnto va sthAno me volI jAne vAlI bhASA dezabhASA kahalAtI hai to kyA yaha 'dezabhApA' hI dezI hai ? isakA nizcaya karane ke liye prAkRta vaiyyAkaraNo dvArA kiye gaye ullekho kA vivaraNa Avazyaka hai| prAkRta vyAkaraNakAro ne prAkRta bhASA me tIna prakAra ke zabda batAye hai| (1) tatsama (2) tadbhava (3) dezaja / (1) tatsama. aise zabda jo sIve saMskRta se vinA kisI rUpaparivartana ke prAkRta grantho me A gaye haiM, tatsama kahalAte haiM / inheM maskRtasama (caNDa 111 De grAmiTikila prAkRtisa peja 80) tattulya (vAgbhaTTAlakAra 212) tathA samAna (nATyazAstra 1712) Adi sajJAe bhI dI gayI hai| (2) tadbhava * aise zabda jo rUpa aura dhvani parivartana ke kAraNa vikRta ho jAte hai parantu yaha vikAra vyAkaraNa kI prakriyA ke AdhAra para hotA hai / unhe 'tadbhava' kahA gayA hai / isake bhI vibhinna nAma haiM jaise-hemacandra (111) tathA caNDa ise 'saskRtayoni kahate haiM / vArapaTTa ne aise zabdo ko 'tajja' kahA hai| bharata ne (nATyazAstra 1713) ise vibhrapTa sajJA dI hai| (3) dezI: aise zabda jo bahuta anAdikAla se volacAla me vyavahRta hote Aye hai aura jinakI vyutpatti vyAkaraNa labhya nahI hai-'dezI' zabda kahalAte haiM / hemacandra trivikrama siMharAja mArkaNDeya tathA vAgbhaTTa ne aise zabdo ko dezya yA dezI nAma diyA hai / caNDa (prAkRta lakSaNa) ne ise desI prasiddha tathA bharata ne 'dezImata 2 nAma diyA hai| 1. dezInAmamAlA, pR0 1, 2 daNDina aura panika / 2 nATyazAstra 1713

Page #143
[ 131 zo ke ina tIna pramukha vibhAjano ke atirikta kucha videzI vidvAno ne inake upavibhAga bhI kiye haiN| zabdo kI dUsarI koTi 'tadbhavo' ko do bhAgo me vibhAjita kiyA gayA / (1) sAmAna saskRtabhavA (2) siddha saskRta bhavA / pahale varga me ve prAkRta zabda pAte haiM jo una saskRta zabdo kA jinase ve prAkRta zabda nikale haiM, binA upamarga yA pratyaya ke mUla rUpa batAte haiM / iname vizeSakara zabda rUpAvalI paura vibhaktiyA prAtI hai jiname vaha zabda vyAkaraNa ke niyamo ke anusAra banAyA jAtA hai use hI 'mAdhyamAna tadbhava' kahate hai| vImsa' ise hI zrAdi tadbhava (Early Tadbhava) kahate hai / dUsare varga me ve zabda pAte hai jo saskRta vyAkaraNa meM siddha masta rUpo se nikAle hai / jaise arghamAgadhI vandittA saskRta vanditvA kA vikRta rUpa hai| prAkRta vyAkaraNakAne aura anya granthakAro dvArA kiyA gayA prAkRta zabdo kA yaha vibhAjana bahuta kucha unake pAramparika rUDhivAdI dRSTikoNa para AdhArita hai / inakI u mAnyatA hai ki 'prAkRta' saskRta se nikalI hai / 'tat' zabda ke prayoga dvArA unhoMne 'maskRta' ko ho mUla meM rakhA hai| saskRta aura usase liye gaye zabda tatsama paura umame ni mRta prAkRta dono ke pyAkaraNika niyamo se pare rahane vAle zabda 'dezya' yA 'degI' pAhe gye| parantu yaha rUDhivAdI dRSTikoNa 'dezI' zAbdo ke vAstavika svarUpa unake udbhava aura vikAsa kA jJAna karAne ke liye paryApta nahIM hai / na to prAntIya mApAe zuddha rUpa se vaijJAnika prarya me 'dezI' hI kahI jA sakatI hai aura na anya sAhityika bhApAe 'dezI' zabdo kI sImA ke pare hI kahI jA sakatI hai| aba hame dekhanA yaha hai ki 'dezI' 'ganda vAstavika rUpa me hai kyA ? aura prAkRto me inakA pracAra kaise huyA / dezI zabdo kA svarUpa vibhinna mata / 'dezI' zabdo ke antargata prAya' vidvAno ne aise zabda rakhe hai jinakA mUla saskRta me nahI milatA aura jo sAhityika bhASAmo se pare sAmAnya janatA ke bIca yugayugo se vyavahRta hote pA rahe hai / parantu ina zabdo ke vivecana me sabhI vidvAn alaga-alaga dhAraNAe rakhate hai / 'dezI' zabdo kA sabase baDA koza prAcArya hemacandra kI 'dezInAmamAlA' hai yadi ise hI dhyAna se dekhA jAye to dezI zabdo ke bAre me eka bhrAnta dhAraNA uTha khaDI hotI hai / isake antargata aneko aise zabda hai jo tattama aura tadbhava hote hue bhI dezI mAna liye gaye haiN| samkRta bhASA kA zabda bhaDAra pratyanta 1. phampareTiva grAmara 1137 2. pizela kI he0 ca0 ke sUtra 111 para TIkA

Page #144
132 vistRta hai yaha eka vyakti yA choTe-moTe samUha ke bhI vaza kI bAta nahIM hai ki vaha samasta zabdo kA jJAna prApta kara yaha nirNaya de sake ki amuka amuka zabda saskRta me nahIM hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki dezI zabdo ke vivecana ke bIca aise zabda A gaye hai jo vizeSata saskRta ke mUla taka pahu~cate haiN| isa prakAra paramparA me jitane bhI 'dezI' zabdo kA pAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai ve sabhI vivAda me bhare hae haiN| 'dezI' zabdo ke vAstavika svarUpa kA vivecana pUrI pArya-bhASA ke vikAsa kA pAlor3ana karane ke bAda hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| svarUpa kI dRSTi se 'dezI' zabda jaisA ki nAma se hI spaSTa hai prAdezika zabdoM ke vAcaka rahe hoge / Age calakara dhIre-dhIre inhe sAhityika bhApAyo me sthAna milane lagA hogA kyoki mAhityika bhASAe sadaiva se loka jIvana se prAraNa aura jIvanI zakti grahaNa karatI AyI hai / imI prakriyA me yuga-yugo me janatA ke bIca pracalita zabda pAka to aura apabhraM zo ke rAste saska ta kozo aura dhAtupATha Adi me le liye gaye hoge / isa prakAra grahaNa kiye gaye zabdo ko saskRta zabdAvalI ke bIca hU~Dha pAnA sarvathA asambhava hai kyoki inameM sabhava hai ki kucha anArya mApAtro tathA mUla AryabhApA ke zabda A gaye ho / rudraTa ke 'kAvyAlakAra' 2112 kI TIkA me namisAdhu ne prAkRta kI eka vyutpatti dI hai, jisame usane batAyA hai ki prAkRta tathA saskRta dono hI kI prAcArabhUta bhApA prAkRta arthAt mAnava jAti kI sahaja bolacAla kI bhASA hai jisakA vyAkaraNika niyamo se vahata kama sambandha hai| prAra0 piNela nami sAva ke isa mata ko bhramapUrNa vatAte hue isa sambandha me senAra dvArA diye gaye mata kA samarthana karate haiM / 'prAkRta bhASA kI jaDa janatA kI voliyo ke bIca jamI huI hai aura inake mUkhyatattva prAdi kAla meM jItI jAgatI aura bolI jAne vAlI bhApA se liye gaye haiM, kintu bolacAla kI ve na pAe , jo vAda ko sAhityika mApAtro ke pada para caDha gayI saskRta kI bhAti hI bahuta ThokI pITI gayI, tAki unakA eka sugaThita rUpa bana jaaye| pizela kI yaha mahagati namimAdhu kI mAnyatA se adhika dUra nahI dikhAyI detI / yaha vAta to sarvathA satya hI hai ki sAhityika bhApAe lokapracalita mApAgro 1. hemacandra jogI-prAkRta bhApAnI kA vyAkaraNa hindI anuvAda, pR0 13 2 mana athavA Adi yAyaM bhASA vaha hai jisake kucha lpa 'yA' vatAye jAne vAle vaidika rUpo meM milane haiM aura jinheM vAstava meM nAdi AyaM yapane muladeza meM, vahA me idhara-udhara bikharane ke pahale volane rahe hoge| -hemacandra jozI, vahI, pR0 14 3 hemacandra jozI, vahI pR0 14 4. hemacandra logo prAkRta bhApAyoM kA vyAkaraNa-hindI anuvAda, pR0 14

Page #145
[ 133 ne pragatI / dhIre dhIre una do kA 7 . For I T TAITR TT pa parivartana pANini kI Priffren - me niyApado kI ! - aninii poto tuma jo sammAna kI ghAtagro CHER REE mAtAgapanI nirmita kiyA hai / 27 . 7 padhAnita ntii| usake viparIta inhI mAno me mAdhyama meM calatI gaI pAja kI gi FATone vAlI prAgata aura apanaza hogA' ::o bhASAmo ke vyAkaraNa ganyo me nI dezI . .. gi gI | T] nA svarupa spaSTa hI T Tii ' piNArA ke anurUpa hI eka meM ra hI kAraNa hai ki ina dono me H ram mAyoko muvimA pArA ke bIca sAhityika saskRta hI ri ToyAkAra karate hue apanI sAhityika UMcAI ma banA bhASA nI bAta guja no me pracalita zabdAvalI irgi momeMnie ghoTara gora yAya, kutte ke lie kukura aura zvAna, digo lie jida pora mAge, mAtra ke lie bhallUgA aura nAkSa sAtha-sAtha patA: / na mado mI pani yora anyAneka prApaMprayoga yaha siddha kara dete haiM ki ki nagI mAtA jI' tatvoM kA pragalana ho calA thA / uparyukta udAharaNoM meM pAyA IET, vikAsa, ra nayA bhannaka zana gunizcita dhvanyAtmaka parivanaMgI gAya pAnI loga nApAtro meM pragati hai / inake paryAyavAcI nakSAdi sammako apanI gammati taba bhI the aura prAja bhI jyo ke tyo haiN| Age calakara lonApAnI nahAre kigita hone vAlI pAti tathA prAkRta (apabhraza bhI) bhArA ki bhASA se adhika samIpa hai| isa prakAra 'dezI' zabdo kA prAdurbhAva gAmAnya janatA kI bolanAna kI bhApAyI se huyA hogA / inakA vikAsa prakRta cAnAvikA / guga me yuga-yugo meM honA calA AyA hai| isa vipaya me namisAdhu kA kacana bala kuna matya bhI pratIta hotA hai| 'dezI' zabdo kA prAkRto se ghaniSThatama mambandha prataH 'prAgana' zabda para vicAra kara lenA avasara labhya eva samIcIna hogaa| 1. degiye-prAkRta mApAnoM kA vyAparaNa-hiMdI anuvAda, he0 jo0 phuTanoTa, pR. 65-661 2. gamigAdha-gAvyAlaphAra 2112 phI TIkA

Page #146
134 ] prAkRta tathA 'dezI' bhASAvAcI 'prAkRta' zabda 'prakRti' meM nirmita hai| isa 'prakRti' zabda kI vyAtyA me vidvAno me bahuta baDA matabheda hai| kucha vidvAn isakA artha 'mUlabhASA' karate haiM aura kucha 'mUla' arthAt saskRta ke AdhAra para vikasita bhApA mAnate haiM / bhAratIya vidvatparamparA isI vizvAsa ko mAnakara calI hai ki madhyakAlIna bhAratIya Arya bhASAe (pAli, prAkRta, apabhra za) saskRta me hI vikasita huI haiN| yahI kAraNa thA ki adhikatara prAkRta vyAkaraNakAro jaise hemacandra, mArkaNDeya, vanika, mihadeva gaNi Adi ne prAkRta bhApAyo kA mUla udgama saMska ta ko mAnA / prAkRta vyAkaraNakAro me sarvapramukha hemacandra kA kathana hai - ___ prakRti saskRtam / tatrabhava tat prAgatam vA prAkRtam / saMskRtAnantara prAkRtamavikriyate / saskRtAnantara ca prAkRtasyAnuzAsana siddhasAdhyamAna bheda saskRta yonereva tasya lanaNa na dezyasya iti jJApanArtham / / 1 / / 'prakRti maskRta hai| ima saskRta se AyI huI bhASA prAkRta hai / saMskRta ke paJcAt prAkRta kA adhikAra prArambha hotA hai / prAkRta me jo zabda saMskRta se mizrita haiM unako saskRta ke samAna hI jAnanA cAhie / prAkRta me tadbhava do prakAra ke haiMsAvyamAna saskRta bhava, siddha saMskRta bhava / yaha prAkRta kA anuzAsana ina dono prakAra ke zabdo kA hI pratipAdaka hai / dezya kA nhiiN| hemacandra ke imI mata kA samarthana mArkaNDeya dazalpaka ke TIkAkAra vanika, karpUra majUrI ke TIkAkAra- vAsudeva, paDmApAcandrikA ke racayitA lakSmIvara, vAgbhaTTAlakAra ke TIkAkAra siMhadevagariga, 'prAkRta zabda pradIpikA' ke racayitA narasiMha, gItAgovinda kI 'rasikasarvasva' TIkA ke racayitA nArAyaNa evaM abhijJAnazAku tala ke TIkAkAra zakara Adi ne bhI kiyA hai| vAstava meM ina vidvAno kA sArA prayAsa saskRta ke mAdhyama se prAkRto ko samajhAnA thA isI kAraNa saMskRta kA prAvAra lete-lete ve svAbhAvika rUpa se vikasita prAkRta bhApAtro ko saskRta kI vikRti batA gaye / prAkRta vyAkaraNakAroM aura alakArazAstriyo dvArA kiyA gayA yaha vivecana svAbhAvikatA se bahuta dUra jA paDatA hai| Upara diye gaye vidvAno ke mata kA phalitArya nikAlate hue DA0 namicandra likhate haiN| -- siddhahemandAnagAsana 8ilil--'yayaprAkatam / prakRti namvata / tatrabhava prAkamacyate / / prAkRtamarvasva !! prakate. Agata prAkRta / prakRti. saMskRtam / darUpaka pari0 2 zloka 60 kI vyAkhyA prakRtanyana narvameva samkata yoni 1912 najIvanI TIkA / prakRte sankRtavAstu vikRtiH prakRtImatA / pa0 ca0, Rs 4 zloka 25 prakRte sastAda mAgataprAkutam // vAgmaTAnakAra-2121 pI TIkA TA0 nemicandra zAstrI, prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, 13 5 7

Page #147
[ 135 / prArata bhASA kI utpatti saMskRta se nahIM huI hai, kintu' prakRti saskatam' kA ya hai ki pAkRta bhASA ko sIkhane ke liye saMskRta zabdo ko mUlabhUta rakhakara unake nAma uccAraNa bheda ke kAraNa prAkRta zabdo kA jo sAmya-vaipamya hai, usako divAnA paryAta saMmphAna bhASA ke dvArA prAkRta bhASA ko sIkhane kA yatna karanA / isI prAdhAra se hemacandra ne gata ko prAkRna kI yoni kahA hai / 2 mAna yA prAkRta bhASA ke bIca kisI prakAra kA kArya kAraNa yA janyajanA bhAva hai hI nhiiN| ye dono bhASAe sahodarAe haiM / dono kA vikAsa pisI anya bota meM hotA hai, yaha srota ghAndaga' hI hai| 3 uccAramA bheda ke kAraNa samkRta aura prAkRta me antara ho jAtA hai / para jane atara meM ina dono bhApAno ko bilkula bhinna nahI mAnA jA sktaa| jananAdhAraNa prAkRta kA uccAraNa karate haiM para saskArApanna nAgarika saMskRta kA / prata nastRta ko prAkRta kI yoni isI artha me kahA gayA hai ki zabdAnuzAsana se pUrNatayA anuzAmina saskRta bhASA ke dvArA hI prAkRta ke tadbhava zabdo ko sIkhA jA sakatA hai / vantuna maskRta aura prAkRta eka hI bhApA ke do rUpa hai|' sArA yaha hai ki prAkRta vayayAkaraNo tathA anya vidvAno dvArA vivecita paura saskRta ko prakRti mAnakara calane vAlI 'prAkRta' bhASA kI kalpanA bahuta vAda kI vastu hai / vAstava meM 'prAkRta' to vaha bhApA hai jo bahuta anAdi kAla se janasAmAnya kI bhApA rahI hai / yaha vaidikakAla meM bhI thii| sAhityika saMskRta ke yuga me bhI isakA prAdhAnya rahA aura phira eka samaya vaha bhI pAyA jaba yaha saskRta kA sahArA lekara sAhityika mApA bhI bana gyii| hemacandra prati prAkRta vaiyyAkaraNo ne isI sAhityika prAkana ko saskRta se udbhUta batAyA hai| yahA unakA prAzaya jana-sAmAnya ke bIca pracalita prAkRta se nahI hai / ve apane prAkRta zabdAnuzAsana me kahate bhI haiM"yahA siddha aura sAdhyamAna saskRta bhava zabdo kA vivecana hai, dezya kA nahI / dezya se unakA abhISTa artha jana sAmAnya me pracalita bhASA se hI hogaa| isI kAraNa unhoMne prAge calakara 'dezI zabdo' kA prAtyAna eka alaga sagraha na tha 'dezInAmamAlA' ke antargata kiyA hai| vAstavika 'prAkRta' to vaha thI jisakA vivecana namisAdhu ne rudraTa ke kAvyAlakAra ke zloka kI TIkA me kiyA thA. 1 'chAndas' yA Apa yA prAcIna vaidika kavitA kI bhASA, jo prAcInatama bhAratIya-AryabhASA phA sAhityika rUpa thI aura jisakA grAhamaNa loga pAThazAlAmo me adhyayana karate the| -bhAratIya AryabhASA aura hindI, pR. 75 caTajI 2. prAkRtasaskRtamAgadhapizAcabhApAzca zaurasenI ca / papTho'nna bhari bhedo deza vizepAdapadhra shH| -kAvyAlakAra 2112

Page #148
___136 ] 'prAkRteti sakala jagajjantUnA' vyAkaraNAdibhiranAhita saskAra sahajovacana vyApAra. prakRti , natrabhava saiva vA prAkRtam / ' prArimavayaNosiddha devANa addhamAga hA vANI 'ityAdivacanAd vA prAk pUrva' kRta prAkkRta vAlamahilAdi suvodha sakalabhApAnivandhabhUta vacanamucyate / meghanirmuktajalamivaikasvarUpa tadaiva ca dezavizepAt saskAraNAcca samAsAdita saskRtAdya ttaravibhedAnApnoti / ataeva zAstrakRtA prAkRtamAdau nirdiSTa tadanu saskRtAdIni / pANinyAdivyAkaraNodita zabdalakSaNena samkaraNAt sskRttmucyte|' 'prAkRta zabda kA artha hai, logo kA vyAkaraNa Adi ke saMskAro se rahita svAbhAvika vacana vyApAra, usase utpanna athavA vahI prAkRta hai / ' prAk kRta' zabda se prAkRta vanA hai aura isakA artha hai pahale kiyA gyaa| dvAdaNAGgaga granyo me gyAraha aga na tha pahale kiye gaye haiM aura ina gyAraha zraga na yo kI bhASA 'sArpavacana' sUtra ardhamAgavI kahI gayI hai jo bAlaka, mahilA Adi ko subova, sahajagamya hai aura jo sakala mApApo kA mUla hai| yaha arvamAgavI bhASA hI prAkRta hai| yahI prAkRta megha yukta jala kI taraha pahale eka rUpavAlI hote hue bhI dezabheda se saskAra karane se bhinnatA ko prApta karatI huI arthAt arddha mAgadhI prAkRta se saskRta aura anyAnya prAkRta bhApAyo kI utpatti huI hai| isI kAraNa se mUla granyakAra rudraTa ne prAkRta kA pahale aura saskRta Adi kA vAda me nirdeza kiyA hai| yahI pANinyAdi ke vyAkaraNa granyo me maskAra pAne ke kAraNa samkRta kahalAtI hai|' 'prasiddha prAkRta kAvya 'gauDavaho' ke racayitA vAkpatirAja ne bhI prAkRta ko hI mamasta mApAtro kA udgama sthAna mAnA hai - sayalAmo ima vAyA visati ettoya aitivAyAyo / e ti samudda ciya NeMti sAyarAyocciya jalAi / / 'jisa prakAra jala mamudra me praveza karatA hai aura samudra se hI vASpa rUpa se bAhara nikalatA hai, isI taraha prAkRta bhASA me maba bhASAe praveza karatI haiM aura isa prAkRta bhApA se hI mara bhApAe nikalatI haiN|' 'ima kA yahI Azaya hai ki 'prAkRta' Adi bhASA thii| saskRtAdi bhApAtroM kA vikAsa ina zakRto kA pariSkAra karake kiyA gayA na ki ye maskRta se svayaM vikRta huI 1 navam zatI ke prasiddha kavi rAjazekhara bhI apanI bAla rAmAyaNa me kahate haiM - ye yadyoni kila saskRtasya sudazA jiha vAmuyanmodate / ' yahA inhoMne prAkRta ko hI maskRta kI yoni batAyA hai| inhI vidvAno kI paramparA me kucha videzI vidvAn bhI prAkRto ko unmukta rUpa se yugayugo 1 vAnarAmAyaNa 48, 491

Page #149
[ 137 me svAnura ra vikAsa prApta karane vAlI bhApAe batAte hai / elphreDa sI, bulanara' prAkRta bhApAtroM ko svAbhAvika rUpa meM vikasita mAnate haiN| unakA mantavya hai ki prAkRte sAdhAraNa lAgo ke bolanAna kI nApAe pI aura saskRta paDhe-likhe zikSita varga kI bhASA vI / prAkRta kA sambandha nAhityika saskRta kI apekSA 'chAndas' se adhika hai| vaidika 'kAnchan' bhASA kI pati se prAvato kI prakRti kucha milatI julatI huI hai / DA0 piona bhI janatA ko mApA ko hI mUla prAkRta ke rUpa me mAnate hai / unakA kathana hai "prAkRta bhApAyo kI jau~" "janatA kI boliyo ke bhItara jamI huI haiM aura na munya tattva prAdhikAla meM jItI jAgatI aura bolI jAne vAlI bhASA ne niye gaye hai, kintu bola-cAla kI ve bhApAe jo bAda ko sAhityika bhASAno ke pada para pratiSThita huI satkRta kI bhAti hI bahuta ThokI pITI gayI, tAki unakA eka mugaThita rUpa vana jAye / " hindI ke pramidR bhASA vaijJAnika DA0 haradeva bAharI bhI prAkRto ko vaidika tathA sAhityika dono hI maska to kI jananI mAnate haiM - "prAkRto ge veda kI sAhityika bhASA kA vikAsa hayA, prAkRto se saskRta kA vikAsa bhI havA aura prAkRto se inake apane mAhityika spa bhI vikasita hue|" sara jA griyarsana ne bhI prAkRAto ko vaidika saMskRta ke samAnAntara hI sAmAnya logo ke bIca bolI jAne vAlI bhASA ke spa me svIkAra kiyA hai / ve kahate hai / "From the incription of Ashoka (Circ-250 BC) and from the writings of grammarian Patanjali (Cire.150 BC.) we learn that by third century before our era an Aryan Speech (in several dilccis) was cmployed in the north of India and having gradually developed from the ancient vernaculars spoken during the period in which vcdic hymns were composed, was the ordinary language of mutual intercourse Parrell with it the so called classical Sanskrit had developed from one of these dilccts, under the influance of the Brahman's as the secondary language, and had achieved a 1 elpheTa mI bulanara 'iNTroDaksana Tu prAkRta' pajAba vizvavidyAlaya-lAhaura, dvArA prakAzita dvitIya saskaraNa 1928. 3-4 / yAra pizela dvArA likhita 'prAkRta bhASAmao kA vyAkaraNa', pR 14-rASTrabhASA pariSad, pttnaa| prAkata pApA aura usakA sAhitya DA haradeva bAharI, rAjakamala, prakA. pra sa pa 13 'liMgvisTika sarve Apha iNDiyA' indroDakzana, I pI. 121 3

Page #150
138 ] position much the same as that of latio of the middle ages. For centuries the Aryan Vernacular langauge of India has been called Prakrit, Prakrit ie the natural, unartificial language as opposed to Sanskrit the polished, artificial language From this definition of the term 'Prakrit' it follows that the vernacular dilects of the period of the vedic hymos as compared with the comparatively artificial Sanskrit language of these hymns as they have been preserved by the Brahmans who complied them were essentially Prakrits and as such they may be called the 'Primary Prakrits' of India isa prakAra jArja griyarsana tIna prakAra kI prAkRto kI kalpanA karate haiM / prAthamika prAkRta dvitIya prAkRta aura tRtIya prAkRta / prAthamika prAkRta kI sthiti ve pUrva ullikhita "chAndas" ke mUla me mAnate haiM / dvitIya prAkRta ve mAhityika prAkRto ko batAte haiM jinhe hemacandrAdi prAkRta vyAkaraNakAra "prakRti saskRta / tatrabhava tat Agatam" Adi kahakara parimApita karate haiM / tRtIya prAkRta Adhunika Arya bhApAno ke mUla me dekhI jA sakatI hai / yahA hamArA abhISTa kevala prAthamika prAkRta se hai| yaha prAkRta pAryoM ke bhArata me vasane ke pahale se jo bhApA bolI jAtI rahI hogI usame bhI sabhita kI jA sakatI hai| Age vikasita hone vAlI sAhityika bhApAyo me pAyI jAne vAlI dezya yA dezI zabdAvalI nizcita hI imI bolacAla kI prArthAmaka prAkRta se sambanvita hai| ye zabda Arya tathA anArya dono hI varga kI azikSita janatA kI bhASA me vyavahRta hote rahe hoNge| isa prAzaya kA pramANa hame vedo kI bhApA se bhI mila jAtA hai / Rgveda kI bhASA adhika sAhityika hai isake viparIta atharvaveda kI bhApA' ina vola-cAla kI bhASA ke tattvo se bharI huI hai / vaidika yA chAndam bhApA ke samAnAntara loka pracalita prAkRta bhApAe vikasita hotI jA rahI thii| aneko vaidika rUpa janabhApA ke tattvo se prabhAvita dekhe jA sakate haiN| 1. athaveda kI maSTi Rgveda se nigalI hai, roja va roja ke rItirivAja aura jIvA vyavahAra kI bAteM aura mAnyatAe umame ThIka ThIka prativandhita hotI haiN| mamagra dRSTi meM atharvaveda ke pacha yaza Rgveda ke samakAlIna to hai hI, phira bhI mathavaveda ke zabda aura zabdaprayoga Rgveda meM kAphI nirAle haiN| jina zabdo ko Rgveda meM sthAna nahIM, ve zabda avaveda me nyavahata hote haiN| ~DA prabodha vaicAradAma pahita-prAkRta bhASA, pR 13 2 sunInikamAra ghATA dvArA likhita 'bhAratIya yAyaM bhApA aura hindI', dvitIya sa., ( 74, 471,72 pAyo dvArA likhita 'bhAratIya yAmA

Page #151
[ 139 brAhmaNa sAhitya meM to spaSTa hI tIna "dezya" bhApAno yA vibhASAmo kA ullekha humA hai| (1) udIcyA (2) madhyadezIyA (3) praacyaa| udIcyA vimApA. usa kAla kI parinipThita bhASA thI / isakA kendra saptasindhu pradeza thaa| lI me brAhANa AraNyaka tathA upanipado prAdi kI racanA huI / madhyadezIyA vibhASA kA rUpa spaSTa nahIM hai / "prAcyA bhApA Adhunika avadha-pUrvI uttara pradeza eva vihAra pradeza meM bolI jAtI thii| yaha asamkRta eva vikRta bhASA thI isame draviDa eva mRNDA bhASA ke tatvo kA pUrNa mizraNa vidyamAna thaa| isa bhApA ke bolane vAle aine loga the jinakA vizvAga yajJIya saskRti me nahI thA / isI kAraNa unhe nAtya kahA jAtA thaa| ina bAtyo kA sAmAjika eva rAjanaitika sagaThana bhI udIcya sAyoM kI apekSA bhinna thA / buddha aura mahAvIra inhI mAryoM me se the / una dono ne sAmAjika krAnti ke sAtha mAtabhApA ko samucita mahattva diyA / " / tATya brAhmaNa meM brAtyo kA ullekha huA hai vahA kahA gayA hai ki bAtya loga uccAraNa me sarala eka vAkya ko kaThinatA se uccAraNIya batAte haiM yadyapi ve dIkSita nahIM hai phira bhI dIkSA pAye huo kI bhApA volate hai| ina prakAra bahuta prArambhika kAla se hI Arya bhApAyo (sAhityika) me loka yA deNya tatva sthAna pAte Aye hai| mahAvIra tathA buddha ne inhI janabhApAtro kA nahArA lekara apane dharmoM kA pracAra kiyaa| ina dono krAntikArI mahApunpo ke kucha samaya bAda hI udIcya me eka aimI zaktizAlinI pratibhA se yukta vyaktitva kA udaya huprA jisane samasta laukika tathA sAhityika bhASApro ke tattvo kA ekara samAhAra kara eka sarvathA navIna bhASA kA nirmANa kara diyA jo yugayugo se deva mApA ke pada para vibhUpita calI A rahI hai| yaha mahAna kArya zAlAtura nivAmI maharSi pANini ke hAtho sampanna hayA / unhone bhASA parikAra ke uddezya ko sAmane rakha kara sAhityetara arthAt janabhASA me pracalita zabdo ke rUpo kA bhI 2 TA nemica dra bhAmbI 'prAkRta bhApA aura mAhitya kA itihAsa' Rs 5, tArA pablikezana pAmacchA, vArANasI se prakAzita / adaraktavAkya dayAtamAha adIkSitA dIkSitavAcavadanti / tANDyadrA0 17/41 'upanayanAdi se hIna manapya vrAtya kahalAtA hai| aise manuSyo ko loga vaidika katyo ke liye banAdhikArI bIra sAmAnyata patita mAnate hai| parantu yadi koI vrAtya aisA ho jo vidvAn jora tapasvI ho to grAhamaNa umase bhale hI vaipa kareM, parantu vaha sarvapUjya hogA aura devAdhideva paramAtmA ke talya hogaa|" -hA. sampUrNAnanda dvArA sampAdita prAtyakANTa bhUmikA, pR 2 pra saskaraNa, DA nemicandra zAstrI 'prAkRtabhApA aura sAhitya kA itihAsa', 4 6 kI pAdaTippaNI 2 se uddhRta /

Page #152
140 ] pariSkAra kara diyA / itanA ho jAne para yadyapi mAhityika saMskRta apane mugaThita rUpa ke kAraNa atyanta prabhAvazAlinI banI rahI phira bhI janabhApAno kA vikAsa apanI svAbhAvika rIti ke hotA rahA aura samaya-samaya para iname pracalita Nabda mAhityika bhApAnI kI nidhi banate gaye / zuddhatA para adhika vala dene vAlI mAhityika saskRta me ye tatva kama paaye| lekina isakA mahArA lekara prAge mAhityika bhApA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hone vAlI prAkRta aura apana za bhApAe ina janamApA ke tatvo yA dezI zabdo ke vAhulya ko bacA na makI / prakRti, svalpa aura magaThana sabhI dRSTiyo se "chAndasa" bhApA ke samIpa rahane vAlI ye madhyakAlIna pAryabhApAe saskRta se mAtra viSaya vastu hI le sakI / isake samasta nirmANa me jana bhApAyo kA bahuta adhika yoga rahA / madhyakAlIna bhAratIya Arya bhApAyo me pAye jAne vAle ye hI tattva "dezI" kahe jAne cAhie / yuga-yugo se sAmAnya logo ke bIca me pracalita hone ke kAraNa inakI vyutpatti denA bhI atyanta kaThina kArya hai| aise tattvo me Arya aura prAryatara dono hI prakAra ke tattva mammilita haiN| aba taka hue adhyayano se yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki mAhityika bhApAyo me pAye jAne vAle aise tattva nizcita hI kola, sabAla, nipAda, draviDa Adi jAtiyo kI bhASA se lie gaye hoge| astu / sArAza rUpa me yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki dezI "zabdo" kA, sAmAnya jana bhApA, jo ki bahuta prAcIna kAla se vyavahAra me calI A rahI hai, atyanta nikaTa kA sambandha hai| azikSita janatA ke bIca meM vyavahRta hote rahane ke kAraNa inhe niyamita sAhityika bhApAyo (vizeSata saskRta) me kama sthAna diyA gayA / parantu janabhApA kA prazraya lekara vikanita hone vAlI sAhityika bhApAno me inheM bahutAyata se prayoga kiyA gayA / prAkRta eka aisI hI janamApA thI jimakI dezI zabdo me nikaTa kA sambandha bhI hai ata "dezI" zabdo ko isame vizeSa rUpa me prazraya milaa| saskRta-vidvAnI ke lokabhApAyo se prati ghRNApUrNa dRSTikoNa me pare prAkRta aura isI ke antima vikamita rUpa apana zake kaviyo tathA cintako ne prAya apanI mApA ko "dezI"2 hI batAyA hai| prAkRto se bhI kahIM adhika "dezI" zabda apabhra No me pAye jAte haiN| prata ina dono ke ApasI sambandha para vicAra kara lenA bhI samIcIna hogaa| "apanaga aura dezI" apana za kA "bhApA" ke rUpa meM sarvaprathama ullekha mahAbhASya me prApta hotA 1 2 adhikatara vidvAn 'apabhra ma' ko prAkRta kA eka bheda hI mAnate haiN| ina paktiyoM ke lekhaka kI bhI sammati inhIM vidvAnoM ke mAya haiN| prAkRta ke kavi bhI apanI bhASA ko prAya 'dezI' hI kahate haiN|

Page #153
[ 141 hai| vahAM mahopa pataMjali batAte hai ki -eka hI zabda (saMskRta) ke aneko apabhraza bhI hote hai jaise saMskRta go kA apabhra za gAvI, goNI, gotA, gopotAlikA grAdi milatA hai - "ekasyaivazabdasya bahavo'pabhra shaa| tadyathA gaurityasya gAvI, goNI, gotA, gopotAliketyevamAdayo'pabhra zAH / " patajali dvArA ginAye gaye una rUpo meM se kucha ko vaDA aura hemacandra ne "prAkRta" zabdo ke rUpa me svIkAra kiyA hai / yahA isa ullekha me spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki patajali zuddha saskRta se alaga jitane bhI zabda hai sabhI ko "apabhra za" kahate hai / prAkRta vyAkaraNa kAra patanali ke dhArA ginAye gaye bahana se anila rUpoM ko 'prAkRta" kA mAnate hai / ataH spaSTa hai prAkRta vyAkaraNakAra "apabhra " pho prAkRta se alaga nahIM mAnate / prAge calakara bharatamuni ne apane nATyazAstra ke 17veM adhyAya me prAkRta va dezI bhAgAgro ke sambandha meM bahuta kucha kahA hai / ve maskRta se vikRta rUpo ko prAkRta kahate haiM aura prAkRta zabdo se tIna bheda karate haiM - samAna (tatsama) vibhraSTa (tadbhava) aura dezI / isI sandarbha me ve mleccha prayogo se yukta bhinna-bhinna jAti bhApAyo kA bhI ullekha karate haiN| unhone mAgavI, pAvantI, prAcyA sUrasenI ardhamAgadhI, vAlhIkA aura dAkSiNAtyA sAta bhApAyo tathA zavara, pAmIra, cANDAla, sacara, draviDa, udraja, hIna aura vana caro dvArA bolI jAne vAlI vimApApo kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| bharata ke isa vivaraNa kI sakSepa me vyAkhyA karate hue hIrAlAla jaina yaha niSkarSa nikAlate hai ki-"bharata muni kA mata hai ki saskRta ke atirikta do prakAra kI bhApAe haiM- eka prAkRta-jisame saMskRta ke vikRta zabda prayoga me Ate hai aura isalie jinheM ve "vibhraSTa' kahate hai aura dUsarI dezI - jisame saskRta prAkRta ke zabda bhI haiM tathA kucha mleccha (anArya arthAt asaskRta zabda bhI haiN| mukhya dezI bhASAe (bhASA) mAgadhI bhAvantI grAdi sAta hai aura goNa dezI bhASAe (vibhApA) zavara AbhIra cANDAlAdi kI aneka haiM / ' / hIrAlAla jaina dvArA nikAlA gayA yaha niSkarSa sauddezya hai- ve yaha siddha karanA cAhate haiM ki bharata ne bhI apabhraza (AbhIro kI bhASA) ko dezI kahA hai| parantu apane mantavya kI siddhi me ve bharata dvArA kahI gayI bAta ke sandarbha ko bhUla gae / yahA bharata kA mantavya nATako me prayoga yogya bhASApro kA halkA vivecana 1. 2 caNDa 'prAkRta lakSaNa' 2,16 gogAvi / hemacandra prA vyA 2,174 go gauNo, gAvI, gAva, gaaviio| nATyazAstra 17, 1-4-49 taka pAhuDa dohA kI bhUmikA, pR. 37 3 4

Page #154
142 ] mAtra hai jise nATakakAra vibhinna pAtrI se svacchandatApUrvaka bolavA sakatA hai / yadi hIrAlAlajI kI taraha bharata ke anusAra AbhIro kI bhApA (vibhASA) apabhra za ke rUpa me kalpita kara lI jAyegI to phira draviDa bhApA (eka vibhApA) ko bhI Arya-bhApA ke antargata liyA jA sakatA hai| kucha bhI ho isa vivAda ne pare haTakara bharata ne jina prAkRta kI bhApAyo aura vibhASAyI kI carcA kI hai uname 'dezI' tattva vidyamAna haiM / hA itanA avazya hai ki isa sthala para urilambita prAkRte do prakAra kI hai- eka saskRta sammata, umake vikRta rUpa meM, dUsarI vibhinna prAntIya aura jAtIya tathA sthAnIya voliyo se sammata jise hama dezI bahula prAkRta kaha sakate hai / bharata me Age prAkRta aura apabhraNa kI alaga-alaga bhApAyo ke rUpa meM gaNanA kI gayI / parantu yaha bharata kI mAnyatA ke viparIta bAta nahIM thii| maskRta ke vikRta rUpo kI jiname pradhAnatA rahI ve kAvya prAkRta ke kAvya kahalAye / parantu aise kAvya jiname prAmIrAdi dezI tattvo kI pravAnatA hotI gayI eka alaga vibhAga ke antargata rakha diye gaye / yaha vibhAga mamavata sAhityika prAkRta aura dezI prAkRta ko alaga-alaga spaSTa karane ke lie rakhA gayA hogA / yahI dezI tatvo se yukta prAkRta (vimApA) apabhraMza kahI jAne lagI hogii| __vAstava me apana / prAkRta kI hI atima avasthA hai jisame himAlaya ke pArvatya pradeza, minyu aura movIra pradeza ke nivAmiyo kA ukAra bahula prayoga bar3ha gayA thA / bharata ne isI ukAra bahulA bhApA ko (vibhASA-prAkRta) ke rUpa me strIkAra kiyA hai / vinaSTa zabda ke prayoga se unakA tAtparya tadbhava zabdo me yukta mAhityika prAkRto me rahA hogaa| isa prakAra bharata dvArA diyA gyaa| vivecana' prAkRto se hI sambandhita hai| vikrama kI prathama madI me hI prAkRta sAhityika bhApA kA rUpa dhAragA karane laga gayI thii| dhIre-dhIre vyAkaraNakAro ke hAtho yaha pariSkRta hotI gayI aura pariniSThita mApA banakara jana bhApA ke svarUpa se dUra hotI gayI / pariNAmata. ina parinipThita bhASA, prAkRto kI jagaha eka tRtIya yugIna' prAkRta kA vikAsa huA jise bhASAzAstriyo ne apanna Na kahA hai| isa nAma ke aneko prAkRta rUpa prabahasa -pravanmasa, avahaTTa-avahatya Adi milate haiN| bharata ne isI kA ullekha ukAra bahalA prAkRta (vibhASA) ke rUpa meM kiyA hai / 1 namAnaNabda vighrapTa dezIgatamayApi ca / nA mA 171311 prAkRta bhApAyoM kA vistRta vargIkaraNa DA nemicandra zAstrI ne apane 'prAkRta bhASA aura mAhitya kA yAnocanAtmaka itihAma' nAmaka granya ke pR 17 para diyA hai| vahA inhoMne bhI vapannaga ko tRtIya yugIna prAkRta ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai|

Page #155
[ 143 apabhra za kahI jAne vAlI isa tutIya-yugIna-prAkRta kA pracalita janabhASA se ghaniSTha nagbandha thA yaha dAta bharata ne bhI svIkAra kI hai| isI prAkRta kA vivecana martu hari ne apane vAkyapadIya me kiyA hai - zabda satkAra hIno yo gauriti prayuyukSate / tamapatra zamicchanti viziSTArtha nivezanam / / vAkyapadIya, 1 kA0, kArikA 148 yahA bhartRhari kA saketa aise zabdo kI ora hai jo pANinIya vyAkaraNa se prasiddha hai / patajali ne bhI yahI bAta kahI thI jo zabda bhraSTa, cyuta, skhalita vikRta aura agudra haiM unheM ve apabhra ga zabda kaha dete hai| eka bAta yahA spaSTa kara dene kI hai / patajali ne yahA apabhra za pada kA prayoga zabda ke sadarbha me kiyA hai, bhASA vizeSa ke nahIM / mahAbhASya ke TIkAkAra kaiyaTa (10 mzadI) isa gata ko prora bhI spaSTa kara dete hai - apazabdo hi loke prayujyate sAdhuzabdasamAnArthaJca 'apabhra za zanda' sAdhu zabdo ke samAna artha me loka me prayukta hote hai / uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki tRtIya yugIna prAkRta jise ki apabhra za nAma diyA gayA hai, jana bhApA ke tattvo se bharI huI hai| isakA vikAsa vibhinna pradezo meM sthAnIya janamApAyo kA sahArA lekara hotA rahA / dhIre-dhIre isame bhI kAvyAdi kI racanA hone lgii| ime alaga bhASA ke rUpa meM bhale hI mAna liyA gayA ho parantu isakA svarUpa nirmANa aura zabdAvalI sabhI kucha dezya tattvo se yukta hai aura sabase aAzcaryacakita kara dene vAlI bAta to yaha hai ki apabhra za ke lagabhaga sabhI kaviyo ne apanI kAvyabhApA ko 'dezI' kahA hai / saskRta ke prAcAryoM ne to ise pUrNa rUpa se dezI bhApA mAnA hI hai / aba apabhra za ke kaviyo ke vicAro kA ullekha kara denA bhI samIcIna hogaa| ___'paumacariu' ke racayitA svayabhU apane rAmAyaNa ko 'dezIbhApA' yA grAmINa mApA me viracita batAte haiM 11 puSpadanta2 ne bhI apanI bhASA ko 'dezI' nAma se abhihita kiyA hai| padmadeva kRta 'pAsaNAhacariu' lakhameva (lakSmaNadeva) kRta 1 desI-mApA ubhaya taDajjala gAmella bhAsa parihANai / paumacarita 3/1 2. Nau hau homi desiNa viyANami / -mahApurANa 1/18 3 vAyaraNa demi maddatya gADha chadAlakAravimAla poDha / + + + pAhuDa dohA kI bhUmikA, pR 44 se uddhRta Na samANami chada na badhabheu / Na hoNAhiu mattA sameu / Na sakkraya pAyau dema-bhAsa / Nau sadda vaNNu jANami samAsa / ityAdi pAhui dohA bhUmikA, pR 45

Page #156
1441 'raNemiNAha bariu', pAdalipta' kRta 'taraMgavaI kahA' (taraMgaktI kathA) tathA vidyApati sabhI ne apanI kAvya-mApA dezI batAyA hai / isa prakAra sabhI dRSTiyo se yaha satya hai ki apabhra sa tRtIya yugIna prAkRta thii| pizela griyarsana, bhaNDArakara, caTarjI, dulanara jaise vidvAno ne apabhraza ko dezIbhASA maanaa| pizela ne likhA bhI hai "moTe taura para dekhane se patA calatA hai ki prAmANika saskRta se jo volI ghoDI bahuta bheda dikhAtI hai, vaha apabhra za hai / isalie bhArata kI janatA dvArA bolI jAne vAlI bhApAtro kA nAma apabhra za paDA aura bahuta vAda ko prAkRta bhANayo meM se eka volI kA nAma bhI apana za rakhA gayA / yaha bhApA janatA ke rAta dina ke vyavahAra me Ane vAlI boliyo se upajI aura prAkRta kI anya bhASAno kI taraha thor3e bahuta phera-phAra ke sAtha sAhityika bhASA vana gyii| pizela ke isa kathana se yaha spaSTa hai ki eka prakAra kI apabhra zazabda racanA aura sparacanA me prAkRta ke hI rAste para calatI hai| ise hI daNDI ne kAvyabhApA ke rUpa me svIkAra kiyA hai / dUmarI prakAra kI apabhraza volacAla kI mApA rahI hai| vidyApati Adi apabhra za kaviyo ne isI vola-cAla se sammata bhApA ko dezI kahA hogaa| apabhra za ke ina dono rUpI kI siddhi sara jArja griyarsana ke 'lagveja Apha iNDiyA' nibandha se bhI hotI hai| inhoMne prAkRto ko prArambhika apabhrama kahA hai| liMgvisTika sarve Apha iNDiyA' me griyarsana ne apabhra zo ko prAkRta kA sthAnIya athavA prAdezika vikAra kahA hai| isI prakAra' Ana di mArDana iNDo Aryana varnAkyUlarsa (iNDiyana eNTIkvirI, jilda-60) me unhoMne apabhraMza ke antargata bolacAla kI prAkRtoM ko lene se inkAra karate hue apabhraMza ko sAhityika prAkRto ke bAda kI dezabhApA mAnA hai| spaSTa hai ki apana za me dezIbhASA ke tattva avazya haiN| yaha sambhava hai ki apabhraza bolacAla kI bhASA na bhI rahI ho, para itanA to mAnanA paDatA hai ki pUrvavartI sAhityika prAkRta hI dezIbhApA ke yoga se apabhra za kI avasthA 1. pAlittaeNa raiyA vityaNaro taha desivayahi nAmeNa taragavaI yahA vicittA ya viulA ya / / pAhuDa dohA-bhUmikA, pa 45 demila vaanA mabajana mitttthaa| ta taimana jampano yavadA / / -pAhuha dohA-bhUmikA, pU 33 3 'prAkRtabhApAyo kA vyAkaraNa' - hindI anuvAda-vihAra rASTrabhASA pari , 57 4 bhAbhIrAdigira vAyyepvapana ma itimmRtA / kA. mA 1136 5 'lagvaija yApha iNDiyA', jilda 1, pR 123

Page #157
[ 145 me vikasita huI hai| namisAdhu ne kAvyAlakAra kI TIkA me 'prAkRtamevApabhraza:1 'dvArA isa prAvRta ko apabhra za kahA hai 12 niSparNa . uparyuta vivecana yaha spaSTa karane ke lie paryApta hai ki 'dezI' zabdo kA prAdurbhAva bahana anAdikAla se bolI jAne vAlI janabhASA se huA aura samaya-samaya para jana mApAyo kA sahArA lekara vikasita hone vAlI sAhityika bhASAe (pAliprAkRta grAdi) inhe yAtmamAta karatI rhii| aise zabda asakhya parivartano se hokara gujarane ke kAraNa yugayugo se vikAsamAna bhApAyo kA atyanta hI rucikara itihAsa batAte hai / uname ane ko prAtara zabda bhI pAyIkRta rUpa me vyavahRta hote A rahe haiN| inakA arya aura nandarbha jAnane ke liye hame vyAkaraNa kA sahArA choDa kara sAmAnya logo ke vyavahAra kA mahArA lenA paDatA hai / ye zabda jisa sadarbha aura vAtAvaraNa meM prAdikAla se vyavahuta hote yA rahe hai pAya usI sadarbha aura vAtAvaraNa me Aja bhI pracalita haiM / jana-mApAgro se gRhIta ina zabdo kA hemacandra ne jaisA paricaya diyA hai, prAja kI bhASA meM bhI ve usI sandarbha aura vAtAvaraNa meM prayukta dikhAyI dete haiM / vyAkaraNa granyo ke bIca inakA sandarbha khoja pAnA atyanta durUha kArya hai| sAtha hI zrAryoM ke bhArata prAgamana ke pahale tathA svaya pAryo kI hI mUlabhApA kA koI likhita pramANa na milane ke kAraNa inake udbhava kA patA lagA pAnA atyanta kaThina kAya hai / ina zabdo kA udbhava bhArata me yugayugo se basatI calI AyI jAtiyo ke sAskRtika itihAsa ke mUla me khojA jA sakatA hai|' bhAratavarSa me aneka jAtiyo ke loga aura unakI bhinna-bhinna bhApAe haiN| ina upAdAno ke mizraNa se hI bhAratIya jana tathA bhAratIya saMskRti nirmita huI hai / ... .. ... / atyanta prAcInakAla se bhinna-bhinna videzI jAtiyA apanI vibhinna saMskRtiyo ko sAtha lekara bhArata me yAyI haiM aura yahA basatI gayI haiN| unhone apane vazAnugata saskAro vicAro eva sAmarthya ke anusAra yahA vyavasthita samAja aura saMskRti kA nirmANa kiyA hai aura apane Dhaga se jIvana bitAne kI praNAliyA aura vicAra vikasita kiye haiM / .......... """ / hamAre yahA ke AdivAsI nigrovaTa yA negriTo jAtiyA haiM ...... .. ina negriTo AdivAsiyo ke pazcAt pazcimI eziyA kI prAsTrika jAti ke manuSyo kA Agamana huA aura unake pazcAt draviDa usI pazcima dizA se aaye| AsTrika 1. rUdraTa kAvyAlakAra-1112 kI ttiikaa| 2. "prAkRtabhApA daura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa"-DA. nemicandra, pu. 1001

Page #158
146 ] jAti ke loga bhArata me 'niSAda' kahalAte the aura draviDa loga pAryoM me 'dasyu' yA 'dAsa' nAmo se prasiddha the| draviDo ke bAda Arya jAtiyA pAyI aura uttara tathA uttarapUrva se tibbatI cInI loga jo prAcIna bhArata me kirAta kahalAte the, Aye / bhAratIya jAtiyo aura bhAratIya saMskRti kI prAdhAra ye hI cAra jAtiyA bI-nipAda, draviDa, kirAta aura Arya / parantu yaha svaya bhI pAne ke samaya pUrNarUpa se vizuddha yA amizrita nahI kahI jA sktii| * * " .... . ... ...." " " parantu ina saba vibhinna upAdAno kA sampUrNa ekIkaraNa AryoM kI uccakoTi kI vyavasthA zakti ke phalasvarUpa hI ho sakA / kahI-kahI yaha ekIkaraNa rAsAyanikapUrNatA ko pahuMca gayA, to kahI kevala paraspara ke sammizraNa taka hI sImita rhaa| " " . AsTrika aura draviDo dvArA bhAratIya saMskRti kA zilAnyAsa huaA thA, aura pAryoM ne usa prAdhArazilA para jisa mizrita saskRti kA nirmANa kiyA usa saskRti kA mAdhyama, umakI prakAzabhUmi eva usakA pratIka yahI AryabhApA vanI, prArambha se saMskRta, pAli, pazcimottarIya prAkRta (gAnvArI) arvamAgavI apabhra za prAdi rUpo me tathA vAda me hindI, gujarAtI, marAThI, uDiyA, vagalA aura nepAlI Adi vibhinna arvAcIna bhAratIya bhASAoM ke rUpa me, bhinna bhinna samayo eva pradezo me bhAratIya saMskRti ke sAya isa bhApA kA aviccheca sambandha banatA gyaa|' cATuyA mahodaya ke isa vivecana ko dekhate hue yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki pAryoM aura Aryettara jAtiyo ke ApasI AdAna-pradAna ke mAdhyama se bhAratIya AryabhApAyo kA nirmANa sampanna hunaa| isa sArI prakriyA ke bIca pAryoM kI bhASA kA pramukha sthAna rahA / isake irda-girda aneko Aryettara bhApAyo ke phailI hone ke kAraNa samaya-samaya para yaha unase prabhAvita hotI rahI / Aryetara bhApAtro se liye gaye kucha upAdAna to AryoM kI sAhityika bhASA ko apanI vastu bana gye| eka taraha se / unakA ArvIkaraNa ho gayA parantu vahata me aise upAdAna phira bhI samaya pAkara sAhityika bhApAtro me Ate rahe jinakA koI bhI trota AryabhASA ke antargata nahI miltaa| inhIM amarmita tattvo ko dezI kahA gayA hai jo nizcita hI prAryetara jAtiyo aura unakI saMskRti ke prabhAva svarUpa dekhe jA sakate haiM / madhyakAlIna AryabhApAmo me ye upAdAna spaSTa hokara Upara A gaye / dezI zabdoM ke prati hemacandra ke pUrva ke prAcAryoM kA dRSTikoNa. 'dezI' zabdo kA prayoga vaidika yuga kI bhASA se hotA A rahA hai / AryoM 1 sunautikumAra cALa--'bhAratIya AryamApA aura hindI' pR. 14-15

Page #159
[ 147 kI maskRti prArama se hI yAmINa saMskRti rahI hai ata grAmINa yA janabhASA ke zabdo kA prabhAva inakI sAhityika bhASA para bhI paDA / / / brAhmaNakAla me prArya-mApA ke tIna rUpo kA spaSTata anumAna kiyA jA makatA hai- (1) udIcya-uttarIya yA pazcimottarIya (2) madhyadezIya aura (3) prAcya / udIcca parini pThina bhApA thii| 'kopItaki brAhmaNa' me eka jagaha ullekha hai ki 'udIcya pradeza me bhASA baDI jAnakArI se volI jAtI hai, mApA sIkhane ke lie loga udIcyajano ke pAsa hI jAte hai, jo bhI vahA se loTatA hai, use sunane kI loga :cchA karate hai|' '(tasmAda udIcyA prajAtatarA vAg udyate, udaca evayanti vAca zikSitam' yo vA tat prAgacchati, tasya vA zuzrUpanta iti )2 _ -gAkhAyana yA kauzItaki brAhmaNa 716 // 'prAcyA pUrva me rahane vAlI barbara aTanazIla aura asura varga ke logo kI bhApA ke samparka se prApta pArya-mApA kA rUpa hai| pariniSThita bhASA-bhASI prArya ina prAcya jano ko ghRNA kI dRSTi se dekhate the| isa prakAra yaha prAcya bhASA sthAnIya voliyo kI dhvanyAtmaka pravRttiyo tathA samavata zabdAvalI se bhI yukta thii| isI zrAzaya kA ullegva patajali ke mahAbhApya meM eka brAhmaNa me AyI kathA ke sadarbha me bhI milatA hai / vahA batAyA gayA hai ki asuravarga ke loga saskRta ke zabdo kA zuddha uccAraNa nahIM kara pAte / ve 'arayo' ko 'gralayo, kahate haiN| kyoM ki unakI bhASA kI prakRti parinipThita bhApA se pare haTakara hai| prArya-bhApA kA madhyadezIya rUpa udIcyA aura prAcyA ke bIca-vicAva ke rUpa sAmajasya se prApta huyA / prAcIna Arya-mApA ke ina tIno rUmo ke udAharaNasvarUpa eka zabda ke tIna rUpa liye jA sakate haiM- zrIra, zrIla tathA zlIla, pahale rUpa meM kevala ra' hai, jo udIcyA kA lakSaNa hai| tIsare me kevala 'la' hai, jo ki parivartI mAgadhI ko dekhate huye spaSTata prAcyA kA lakSaNa hai aura dUsarA rUpa 'zrIla' jisame 'ra' tathA 'la' dono vidyamAna haiM, 'madhyadezIyA' kA rUpa hai| brAhmaNo ke vAda pAli sAhitya ke vikAsa ke sAtha hI janabhASA kA prabhutva vaDhA / pAli me 'dezI' tattva bahutAyata se khoje jA sakate haiN| abhI taka janabhASA kA prAzraya lekara calane vAlI bhASAmo me kisI kA vyAkaraNa nahI likhA gayA thaa| jaina aAgama ke antargata prAcInatama racanA 'pAyAraga' ke antargata 'aNuprogadAra sutta' 1 2 dekhiye 'bhAratIya Arya bhASA aura hindI' cATA-, ' 74-751 bhAratIya Arya bhApA aura hindI, dvi sa , 1 72 se uddhRta /

Page #160
168 ] hai / ina granya me prAkato nI mamasta zabda rAzi ko pAca bhAgo me vimana kiyA gayA hai / 1 yahA cIthe vibhAga nepAtika ke antargata dezI zabdo ko samAhita kara liyA gayA hai / vahA diye gaye udAharaNa-akkato, jaha, jahA Adi haiM / jana bhASAoM ke sAtha-sAtha sadaiva hI kisI na kisI aza me mamkRta abhijAta varga kI mApA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita rahI hai / saskRta meM adhika se adhika janabhApA ke tattvo ko na rakhane kI pravRtti rhii| phira bhI ye zabda kAphI mAtrA me svaya hI svAbhAvika rUpa se pA gaye / maskRta meM bhI zabdo ke do vibhAga kiye gaye haiM (1) vyutpanna zanda (2) avyutpanna zabda / vyAkaraNa ke niyamo me siddha hone vAle zabda vyutpanna tathA jinakI middhi vyAkaraNa sammata na hokara loka paramparA yA vyavahAra meM ho ve avyutpanna gabda khlaaye| inhI avyutpanna zabdo ke bAre me patajali ne kahA hai ki loka me zabdo kA bhaNDAra bahuta bar3A hai una zabdo me kucha aise haiM jinhe vyAkaraNa se vyutpanna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / aise zabda loka me svata utpanna hote haiM aura arthoM ke sAtha unakA sambandha straya jur3a jAtA hai aura ve logo ke kaNTha me rahakara vyavahAra me Ate haiN| unake liye loka hI pramANa hai| isI prakAra ke do ko pANini ne manA pramANa'2 kahA hai| saMskRta me kucha aise bhI zabda the jo vinA vyAkaraNa ke niyama ke hI prayukta hote the / pANini aime zabdo ko 'yathopadiSTa' mAnakara prAmANika mAna lete haiM- pRpodarAdIni-grAdipTam / / sambhavata inhI bhAvAro para vyAkaraNa dvArA avyutpAdita ganda AcAryoM dvArA dezI kaha diye gaye haiM / isake bAda prAkRta ke vyAkaraNakAro ne 'prAkRta-zabda- sampatti' ko tIna pramukha bhAgo meM bATA hai (1) natsama (2) tadbhava (3) dezya yA dezI / prAkRto kA sarvaprathama bhASA gata vivecana karane vAle bharana haiM / inhone bhI prAkRta ko tIna prakAra ke zabdo ne yukta mAnA- mamAna, vibhraSTa tathA dezImana / anya prAkRta vyAraNakAge me 'caNDa' ine 'dezIprasiddha' kahate haiM trivikrama mArkaNDeya siMharAja vAgbhaTTa yAdi deva yA dezI kahate haiN| ___ isa prakAra prAcArya hemacandra ke pahale tayA dAda ke sabhI prAcAryoM nayA vidvAno ne prArya bhApAmo meM "dezI" zabdo kI sthiti svIkAra kI hai| apane pacaNAme pacaviha, parANatta ta uhA-(1) nAmika (2) nepAtika (3) AdhyAnika (41 yopagika (5) mizra / aNadAramuta-prAkRta mApA aura mAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka inihAsa, 810 nemicandra pAda TipyAgI, 1058 nadagiya manApramAgatvAta / 11153 he0 prA0 vyA0 111 triviyama kA vyAga prArammikra 6 ThI kArikA-bhAvda candrikA karikA 49 prabhacandra kAvyANakaraNa 11116 ityAdi mamAna vighraTa dezImatamApica / nA0 jA0 1713

Page #161
[ 149 pahale ke yAcAryoM kI vicAradhArA kA popaNa svaya hemacandra ne kiyA aura Age calakara unake bAda ke vyAkaraNakAro ne svaya hemacandra kI mAnyatApro kA samarthana kiyA / itanA avazya hai ki prAcArya hemacandra kI bhAti kisI bhI vyAkaraNakAra ne "dezI" pado para svatantra granya likhakara apane mato kA pratipAdana nahI kiyA / pUrI bhAratIya prAya-bhASA paramparA me "dezI" zabdo kA parijJAna karAne vAlA hemanandra kA ekamAtra ganya "dezInAmamAlA" hai / isI se hame yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki ina taraha ke gandha pahale bhI liye gaye the parantu ava ve upalabdha nahI hote / hemacandra ne paramparA ke ina sabhI dezIkAro ke svIkArya mato ko mAnA aura asvIkArya mano mApana kiyA hai| aba yahA "dezI" zabdo ke prati svaya prAcArya hemacandra kA kyA dRSTikoNa hai ? isakA vivecana kara lenA samIcIna hogaa| prAcArya hemacandra kA mata bhAratIya vyAkaraNa anyo kI paramparA meM prAcArya hemacandra ke "siddhahema zabdAnugAnana" kA bahata baDA mahattva hai| isa eka hI granya me unhone saskRta, prAkRta, apabhra za tIno kA vyAkaraNa de diyA hai| tIno bhASAo me vyAkaraNasiddha zabdo kA pAkhyAna kara cukane ke bAda unhone apane grantha ke aSTama adhyAya (prAkRtavyAkaraNa) ke pUraka grantha ke rUpa me vyAkaraNa se prasiddha "dezI" zabdo kA pAkhyAna karane ke liye eka koza kA nirmANa kiyaa| isakA nAma dezInAma mAlA" rakhA / bhArata hI nahIM samasta vizva ke bhASA sambandhI grantho me yaha eka advitIya anya hai| prAcArya hemacandra "dezI" zabda kI paribhASA dete hue dezInAmamAlA ke prArambha me hI kahate hai je lakkhaNe siddhANa prasiddhA sakkayAhihANesu / Na ya gauNalakkharaNAsattisabhavA te iha riNavaddhA / / ' "jo na lakSaNa (vyAkaraNa) grantho se siddha hote haiM aura na jo saskRta kozo me hI prasiddha hai tathA jinhe lakSaNA Adi zabda zaktiyo ke AdhAra para bhI nahIM samajhA jA sakatA-aise "dezI" kahalAne vAle zabda isa koza meM nibaddha kiye gaye haiN|" isa bAta ko ve mUla gAthA kI vyAkhyA me bhalI bhAti spaSTa karate haiN| "lakSaNe zabda zAstre siddha hemacandra nAmni ye na siddhA prakRti pratyAyAdi vibhAgena -- - 1 de0 nA0 mA0-pizela dvi0 saM0 113040 2

Page #162
150 1 na niSpannaste'tra nivaDA ..." " ye ca satyAmapi prakRti pratyaya vibhAgena miTTIsaskRtAbhivAna kozeSu na prasiddhAste'pyatra nivaDhA / " ye ca mamkRtAnivAna koNepu aprasiddhA api gaumyA lakSaNayA vAlavAra vRdhAmaNipratipAdilayAzaktyA saMbhavanti "..." " te Daha na nivddhaa:| "siddha magandAnuzAsana" prabhRti vyAkaraNa granthoM se jo prakRti pratyaya Adi vyAkaraNika vibhAgo se siddha nahI hote aise zabda ima koza me rakhe gaye haiN| aura jo vyAkaraNika prakRti-pratyaya Adi vibhAgo se siddha hote hue bhI maskRta koNo me prasiddha nahIM haiM, unhe bhI "dezI" mAnakara nibaddha kara liyA gayA hai / aura jo saskRta komo me aprasiddha hote hue bhI gauNI lakSaNA yA alakAra cUDAmaNi pATi granyo me pratipAdita zabdazaktiyo ke dvArA bhI durvova haiM, aise zabdo ko vahA rata diyA gayA hai" - isake bAda bharatAdi zAstrakAroM dvArA nirdiSTa bhinna-bhinna prAntIya bhASAyo ke zabdo ko koI "dezI" na samajha le isa bAta kI ora saMketa karate hue ve kahate hai *NANA dema pasiddhIi bhaNNamANA aNanta yA hunti / tamhA aNADa pAina payaTTamAnA visenano de mI 112 dezavizepa (mahArASTra vidarbhAdi) me volI jAne vAlI bhApAeM aneka haiN| ata. unake zabdo kI sImA bhI nahIM hai / isa kAraNa anAdikAla se pracalita bhAyA ke zabdo ko hI yahA dezI mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra prAcArya hemacandra dezI zabdo kI koTi me pramukhataH cAra prakAra ke zabda rakhate haiM (1) aise zabda jinhe vyAkaraNagata niyamo se siddha na kiyA jA sake / (2) aise zabda jo vyAkaraNa me siddha hote hue bhI saskRta ke kozo me aprasiddha yA apracalita ho - jaise - amayaNiggama.-amRta nirgama.- candramA / yaha zabda candramA ke artha me saMskRta ke koNo me na prApta hone ke kAraNa "dezI" zabdo ko koTi meM rakha diyA gayA hai| (3) aise zabda jo lakSaNA ityAdi zabda zaktiyoM ke AdhAra para bhI apane artha se na joDe jA skeN| (4) aise zabda jo anAdi kAla se svAbhAvika rUpa se pracalita cale A rahe ho| prAcArya hemacandra ne uparyukta cAra koTi ke zabdo ko "dezI" mAnA hai| parantu ina AvAro para unake dvArA saMkalita kiye gaye zabdo me "vAstavika rUpa se 1. degInAmamAlA-pigela, dvi0 10 11311, pR0 3 2 vahI, 114, pR0 3

Page #163
[ 151 "dezI" kahe jAne vAle zabdoM kI saMkhyA kama hai| pizela Adi vidvAno ne hemacandra kI isa dezI viSayaka mAnyatA ko ThIka nahIM batAyA hai| inake dvArA sakalita kiye gaye zabdo me zuddha rUpa se lagabhaga 1500 zabda hI dezI hai| zeSa tadbhava aura tatsama hai jinakA saMgraha prAcArya ne kozo me unakI aprasiddhi tathA pUrva prAcAyo kI mAnyatA ke prAdhAra para kiyA hogA / pI0 ela0 vaidya ne hemacandra kI "dezInAmamAlA" me sakalita zabdo ko 8 bhAgo me vibhAjita kiyA hai| (1) aise zabda jo diye gaye artha me hI saMskRta me jA DhUDhe sakate haiN| jaise ahiviNNa (pragiviNa, dukhI nirAza) aihArA (acirAmAvarNa vyatyaya mAtra) 'prAmi grana (prAyAsikA) khulaha (gulka) prAdi / (2) aise zabda jinakA mUla saMskRta me khojA to jA sakatA hai parantu unakA vaha pra nahIM hai jo prAkRta me hai| jaise aruNa-kamala (prAkata) lAla (saspata) gahavai-gRhapati-(saskRta pati yA svAmI, prAkRta, candramA / (3) prAkRto kA svarUpa dhAraNa kiye hue saskRta zabda-jaise ekkagharilla (4) prAkRta zabda yA tadbhava zabda / 15) saMskRta ke upasargoM se yukta prAkRta zabda - jaise cillA-ucillA, phesAuphe phasA, calli-ucallia, vukkA-ubbukkA / (6) saMskRta ke svarUpa ke prAkRta zabda-jaise, aNNA, anNI / (7) prAkRta zabdo kA tor3A maroDA gayA rUpa-jaise khaTTA-khaTTikkA, goNA-goNiskA , ghara-dharillI / (8) prAkRta aura saskRta zabdo ke mizraNa bane zabya jaise khoDapajallI, gayasAulla Adi / prANa nika bhASA vaijJAnikoM kA mata prAcIna vyAkaraNakArI aura bhApAvido kI bhAMti Adhunika bhASA-vaijJAnika bhI prAkRto kI zabda sampatti ko tIna bhAgo me vibhAjita karate hai (1) tatsama (2) tadbhava (3) dezya yA dezaja / yahA kevala "dezya" yA "dezI" kahe jAne vAle zabdo para vicAra karanA abhISTa hai / Adhunika bhASA vaijJAniko me jAnabImsa, hArnale, jArjagriyarsana, sunItiphumAra cATuA, pI0 DI0 guNe Adi ne dezI 1. pI0 ela0 vaidya 'Abjarvezana Ana hemacandrAja dezonAmamAlA',-'enelsa Apha bhaNDArakara orieNTala risarca insTITyUTa' jilda 8 4067-68 2 "Prakrit words with Prakrit terminations" P L Vaidya A.BOIR V8 P 68

Page #164
152 ] zabdo para apane vicAra diye haiN| inakA eka-eka kara ullekha kara denA samIcIna hogA - jAnavImsa apane "kampereTiva grAmara Apha mADana Aryana legveja" nAmaka anya me likhate haiM-"dezI zabda ve haiM jo kisI bhI saMskRta zabda se vyutpanna nahI kiye jA sakate isalie ye yA to pAryoM ke pUrva meM rahane vAle AdivAsiyo kI mApA se liye gaye hoMge yA phira saskRta bhASA ke vikasita hone ke pahale hI svaya prAyoM dvArA prAvikRpta hoge|" _e epha Ara hArnala apane 'kampariTiva grAmara graoNpha gauDiyana laiMgvejeja' nAmaka grantha me "dezI" zabdo ko grAmINa arthAt prAntIya yA AdivAsiyo kI bhASA se brahaNa kiyA gayA batAte haiM ye aise zabda hai jinhe saskRta ke zabdo se vyutpanna nahI kiyA jA sakatA / isakA vicAra hai ki ina zabdo ko azikSita grAmINa pAryo ne yahA rahane vAlI AdivAsI jAtiyo se saskRta (vaidika) ke vikAsa ke pahale hI grahaNa kiyA hogA yA phira ina grAmINa tathA azikSita pAryoM ne arya zabdo ko hI aimA toDa mageDa aura vigADa diyA hogA ki ye unake pariniSThita (sAhitya meM pracalita) rupo se bahuta dUra jA paDe hoMge aura prAge calakara inakA pahicAnanA bahuta muzkila ho gayA hogA / jahA taka ina zabdo para par3e anArya tattvo ke prabhAva kA prazna hai, hAnale kA mata hai jo bhI anArya prabhAva ina zabdo para par3A hogA vaha avazya hI atyanta prAcIna kAla kA hogA jaba ki yahA pAkara banane vAle Arya tathA pahale se hI rahane vAle AdivAsI sambhavata "pezAcI" yA prAcIna apabhraMza bolate rahe hoMge / hArnale kA vicAra hai ki una AdivAsiyo kI bhASA jo sarvaprathama AryoM ke dvArA avikRta kiye gaye, "pezAcI" ke samAna rahI hogI tathA Arya, draviDa aura AdivAsiyo ke ApasI sambandho ke kAraNa vikasita bhApA "prAcIna apana za rahI hogI / parantu hAnale ke isa mata ko griyarsana nahI svIkAra karate / ve apabhra za ko prAkRto kI antima (tRtIya) vikAmAvasthA mAnate haiM sAtha hI pezAcI bhI unakI iSTi me bahana kucha prAkRto se sambandhita haiM / hArnale kA pezAcI aura prAcIna apabhra za ko prAryoM ke pUrva AdivAmiyo kI bhApA vatAnA-sarvathA bhrAmaka hai| zrI pAra jI bhaNDArakara kA mantavya hai ki "dezaja" ve zabda haiM jo samkata se vyutpanna nahIM kiye jA sakate / inheM kinhI anya sroto se sadabhita kiyA 1. John Beams "Comparative Grammar of Modern Aryan Languages" VIP 12 AFR Hornle-A Comparative Grammar of Gaudian Langu ages" PP XXXIX-XL (39-40) 3 Introducion to Deshinammala by M D Banarjee F N. PP XXV 4 Bharkarkar "Wilson Philological lectures (1914)P 106.

Page #165
[ 153 jA sakatA hai / eka anya sthAna para ve ina zabdo ko nizcita rUpa se prAryoM se pUrva bhArata meM rahane vAle grAdivAsiyo kI bhASA se sarbhita karate haiM / inakA kahanA hai ki "dezA" zabda AryoM dvArA vijita kI gayI jAtiyo kI bhASA ke zabda rahe hoge| DA pI DI guraNe. svIkAra karate haiM ki tatsama aura tadbhava zabdo se alaga prAkRto me aneko dezya yA dezI . grAmINa) zabda bhI pAye jAte hai / hemacandra ne apane "dezInAmamAlA" nAmaka koNa me aise zabdo kA saMgraha kiyA hai / aise hI kucha zabdo kA saMgraha dhanapAla ne apane prAigralakSI nAmamAlA nAmaka koza grantha me bhI kiyA thA / yadyapi ina dAno koNa granyo me sakalita aneko zabda tadbhava haiM phira bhI iname aneko zabda aise hai jinhe saskRta se alaga sroto se sadamita kiyA jA sakatA hai / prAge hemacandra dvArA galatI se dezI mAna liye gaye zabdo kI eka sUcI dete haiM jo vAstava me tadbhava hai / isake bAda hI unakA kathana hai ki dhanapAla aura hemacandra dvArA sakalita kozo me pAye jAne vAle zabda aAdhunika Arya-bhASApro me Aryetara bhApAyo ke prabhAva kA suSTha dyotana karate hai / kucha zabda to nizcita rUpa se draviDa bhApAyo se sadabhita kiye jA sakate haiM / prAkRta bhApAno aura uname prApta hone vAle vibhinna tattvo para jArja griyarsana ne apane "ligvisTika sarve zrApha inDiyA" nAmaka grantha kI prathama jilda (bhUmikA)4 me vistArapUrvaka vicAra kiyA hai / vahA unhone prAkRto kI tIna avasthApro prathama, dvitIya aura tRtIya kA vivecana karane ke vAda "dezya" zabdo ke bAre me likhA hai "bhAratIya vyAkaraNakAro dvArA batAyA gayA prAkRta zabdo kA tIsarA prakAra 'dezya' kahalAtA hai / isake antargata aise zabda pAte haiM jinhe vyAkaraNa se siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / parantu ina vyAkaraNakAro dvArA asadarbhita batAye jAne vAle tathA kathita aneko "dezya" zabda Adhunika bhASA vaijJAniko dvArA tadbhava zabda batAye gaye haiN| ina zabdo me bahuta thoDe se zabda aise haiM jinhe muNDA tathA draviDa bhASAmo se samita kiyA jA sakatA hai| isake atirikta ina zabdo me se adhikatara zabda 1. Bharkarkar 'Wilson philological lectures (1914) P 106 2. Introduction to comparative philology III Ed. 1958 P. 275 276 277 3 vahI, pR 2761 4. Linguistic survey of India VI P. 127-28.

Page #166
154 ] "prathama prAkRta"1 se vyutpanna kiye jA sakate haiM / unakA kathana hai ki ina zabdo kA uma prAyamika prAkRta jisame ki saskRta kA vikAsa huA, me alaga haTakara tatkAlIna janamApA se ghaniSTha sambandha hai / ye vAstavika "tadbhava" zabda hai tathApi yahA tadbhava kA artha vaha nahI hai jo prAkRta vyAkaraNakAro ne liyA hai / ye dezya zabda loka me bolI jAne vAlI janamApA ke zavda hoge kyoki aise zabda prAyaH 'gujarAta" yAdi pradezo me likhe gaye sAhitya me pAye gaye haiM aura gujarAta pAryoM ke pramukha vidyAsthAna madhyadeza se bahuta dUra bhI par3a jAtA hai / "2 isa prakAra jArja griyarsana "dezI" zabdo kA sambandha pAryoM dvArA vaidika kAla ke pahale hI bolI jAne vAlI janamApAyo se batAte haiN| ina voliyo me se eka kA vikAsa vaidika aura mAhityika saskRta ke rUpa me huyA thaa| isake atirikta ve dezI zabdo kA sambandha prAntIya voliyo se, batAte haiM-vizepata gujarAta ityAdi pradezo kI voliyo se jo ki saskRta ke udbhava sthAna madhyadeza se bahuta dUra par3a jAtI hai / zuddhatA para adhika vala dene ke kAraNa saskRta ke vidvAno ne ina zabdo ko prazraya na diyA hogA parantu janamApAyo ke AdhAra para vikasita hone vAlI sAhityika mApAtro me ye zabda svaya hI pAte gaye / griyarsana kI yaha mAnyatA bahuta kucha ucita bhI hai| unake dvArA kiye gaye prAkRto ke vimAjana prAdi viSayo para cAhe jo vivAda ho parantu 'dezya' zabdo ke bAre me diye gaye tathya kucha hada taka mAnya haiM / unakA dezI, zabdo kA 'tadbhava' kahanA bhI vyAkhyA kI apekSA rakhatA hai / yahA 'tat' kA artha saskRta se na hokara 'prathama prAkRta' se hai| prathama prAkRta se udabhUta hone ke kAraNa hI griyarsana 'dezI' zabdo ko 'tadbhava' kahate haiM / ye dezI zabdo ko pAryo aura prAryetara jAtiyo ke prApasI prAdAna-pradAna se vikasita zabda mAnate haiM / parantu yaha AdAna-pradAna maskRta ke vikAsa ke pUrva hI ho cukA thA / saskRta meM ye tatva pANini jame vaiyAkaraNa ke hAtha se chATakara bAhara kara diye gaye aura jo bace bhI unakA maMskRtIkaraNa kara liyA gayA / pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI me kitane hI aise zabda khoje jA sakate haiM jo nizcita rUpa se saskRta kI 1. jAja niyasana ne prAkRto ke tIna vibhAga kiye haiM (1) prathasa prAkRta imase vaidika aura mAhityika naskRta kA vikAsa huA isakA mUla mAhitya na milane meM yaha mamApta prAya, hai (2) dvitIya prAkRta-isake antargata pAli, jaina baghamAgadhI, azoka ke lekha (prAthamika navanyA) samkRta nATakoM kI prAkRta mahArASTrI tA sAhityika apatra za (dvitIya avasthA) bAto hai (3) 10 vI sadI ke bAda vikasita grAmINa apanaza sammata A yA bhA ko unhoMne tRtIya prAkRta ke antagata rakhA hai| 2 me para riporTa yApha iNDiyA, 1901, priyamana, 159-60 tayA nigvisTika sarve baoNpha DiyA' jilda prathama, pa 125-28

Page #167
| 155 prakRti ke viparIta haiN| inakA prayoga bhI saskRta me kama hI huA hai| parantu ve hI zabda prA0 prA0 bhASAyo me thoDa rUpa parivartana ke sAtha usI artha me cala rahe haiN| isa samasyA para eka anya adhyAya me vistArapUrvaka vicAra kiyA jAyegA / griyarsana ke vAda Adhunika bhASA vaijJAniko me upAdhye tathA pI0 ela0 vaidya prabhRti aneko vidvAno ne dezI zabdo ke Adi sroto ko DhUDhane kA prayatla kiyA hai / upAdhye ne 'dezInAmamAlA' me Aye hue kaI zabdo ko 'kannaDa' bhApA se sambandhita batAyA hai / isI taraha ke prayatna aura bhI aneko vidvAno ne kiye haiM parantu draviDa bhASAo yA anya pAryetara bhASAmo me ina zabdo kA pAyA jAnA yaha vilkula nahI siddha kara pAtA ki ye zabda unhI se liye gaye haiN| ho sakatA hai bhAryetara jAtiyo ne ye zabda AryoM se hI grahaNa kiye ho / Adhunika khojo ke AdhAra para yaha siddha hotA jA rahA hai ki 'dezInAmamAlA' me Aye hue aneko zabda aura hemacandra dvArA dhAtvAdeza ke rUpa me paThita dezI dhAtue prA0 bhA0 prA0 bhASAo kI prAntIya boliyo me ava bhI pracalita haiM / pI ela vaidya ne aise hI aneko zabdo ko 'marahaThI' bhASA me pracalita batAyA hai| isI prakAra ke tathya kA udghATana prastuta paktiyo ke lekhaka ne apanI vibhAgIya zodha saMsthA ke tatvAvadhAna me paDhe gaye zodhapatra me bhI kiyA hai| lagabhaga 150 'dezI' zabdo ko 'avadhI' Adi hindI kI boliyo me usI rUpa aura artha me prayukta hote dikhAyA gayA hai jisa rUpa aura artha me ve 'dezInAmamAlA' me sakalita kiye gaye haiM / ina tathyo ko dekhate hue jArja griyarsana kA yaha mata ki ina dezI zabdo me adhikatara zabda pAryoM kI hI prArambhika boliyo se liye gaye hai ThIka lagatA hai| iname kucha zabda nizcita rUpa se muNDA aura draviDa bhASAo ke haiM jinhe prAryetara prabhAva ke rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / parantu adhikatara zabda nizcita hI prAryo dvArA anAdikAla se vyavahRta hotI AyI janabhASA se liye gaye hoge / zrA mA A. bhApAmo me inakA vikAsa isI tathya kI ora saketa karatA hai / anta me pAiasahamaNNavo ke upodghAta me diye gaye dezI' zabda ke vivecana ko uddhRta kara denA bhI 1. e ena upAdhye 'kannaDIja vaIja ina dezI leksikansa'-enelsa Apha bhaNDArakAra orieNTala risarca insTITyUTa jilda 12, 4 171-72 2 pI ela vaidya 'Abjarvezansa Ana hemacandrAja dezInAmamAlA' enelsa Apha bhaNDAraka maorieNTala risarca insTITyUTa, jilda 8, pU 63-71 vahI, pI ela vaidya / 'zodha sasthAna' hindI-vibhAga prayAga vizvavidyAlaya ke tatvAvadhAna me 17 mArca 1969 ko paDhAyA gayA 'hindI aura usakI boliyo me kucha dezIzabda 'zIrSaka zodha-patra / 5. 'pAiasaddamahaNNavo' upodghAta-prathama-saskaraNa, pR. 21-22 /

Page #168
156 ] upayukta hogaa| ." ..." vaidika aura laukika saMskRta bhApA pajAva aura madhyadeza me pracalita vaidika kAla kI prAkRta bhASA meM utpanna huI hai| pajAba aura madhyadeza ke vAhara ke anya pradezo meM usa samaya Arya logo kI jo prAdezika mApAe pracalita thIM unhIM meM ye 'dezI' zabda gRhIta hue hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vaidika aura saskRta mAhitya me dezI zabdoM ke anurUpa koI zabda (pratizabda) nahIM pAyA jAtA hai / prAcInakAla me bhinna-bhinna prAkRta bhASAe prakhyA thI, isa bAta kA pramANa vyAma ke mahAmAnta, bharata ke nATya zAstra aura vAtsyAyana ke kAmasUtra prAdi prAcIna mankRta granyo me aura jano ke jJAtAvamakathA vipAkazruta-aupapAtikamUtra, tathA rAjapraznIya Adi prAcIna prAkRta granyo me milatA hai| ina granyo me "nAnA bhASA, 'dezamApA' yA 'dezI bhASA' zabda kA prayoga prAdezika prAkRta ke hI artha me kiyA gayA hai / caDa ne apane prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM jahAM dezI prasiddha prAkRta kA unlenca kiyA hai vahA bhI dezI zabda kA artha 'dezImApA hI hai / ye saba degI yA prAdezika bhASAeM bhinna-bhinna pradezo ke nivAnI Arya logo kI kathya bhApAe thiiN| ina mApAnI kA pajAva aura madhyadeza kI kathya bhASA ke sAtha aneko azo ma jaise mAiza thA vaime vinI aga meM bheda bhI thaa| jima-jima aza me ina bhApAyo kA pajAba aura madhyadeza kI prAkRta bhASA ke sAtha matabheda thA uname se jina bhinnabhinna nAmo ne aura vAtuno ne prAkRta mAhitya meM sthAna pAyA hai ve hI haiM prAkRta ke dezI rA dezya zabda / 'nAnAvamirAnchanA nAnAmApAca mAna katAregamAyAsu janyanno'nyoncamITara * - mahAmArata ma pa,46, 103 11 anacaM pravazyAmi dezamApA vipllnm|' / apavAdana kAryA devamAya prayostami |'naa jA 17/24146 nAcata mammananeva nAtyata degamApayA / kalA goSThIya kyayatnAke bahumatI bhavat / kAmana 114150) 'nagame maMTe mAre baTAramavihiSyagAra demImASA vimAgae diiyaa|' 'tatya Na upAe nayanae devadattAnAma gaNiyA paridamA baTTA-gaTaThArama demImApA vijaarmaa|' ____ // jJAnAdhamakyAmUtra-patra 38, 921 tutya na vANiya gAme pAyajayANAya gaNiyA hotyA.....yaTaThArasa dImApA vimaagyaa|' -11 vipAkya ta patra 21-22 // 'tApa daDhapAne dAgA ahavAgmaTemIbhAma vimAgya / ' .-propapAtika mUtra pega 109 / / 'ar 3 daTapahI dAraNa vAdAvidAmapanA bhASA dimaagaa|' gajanIya-patra, 1485 2 miTa prasiddha prAina bedhA vikAH bhavati-samjhanuyAni 'samvRtamama deNIprasiddha tacce dapida miya (prAkRta nakSa)

Page #169
[ 157 prAkRta-vaiyAkaraNo ne ina samasta 'dezya' zabdo me aneka nAma aura dhAtuyo ko saskRta nAmo aura dhAtuo ke sthAna me prAdeza dvArA siddha karake tadbhava vibhAga ke antargata kiyA hai|' yahI kAraNa hai ki prAcArya hemacandra ne apanI "dezInAmAmAlA" me kevala dezI nAmo kA hI sagraha kiyA hai aura dezI dhAtuo kA apane prAkRta vyAkaraNa me saskRta dhAtupro ke Adeza rUpa me ullekha kiyA hai, yadyapi prAcArya hemacandra ke pUrvavartI kaI naiyAkaraNo ne inakI gaNanA dezI dhAtupro me kI hai / ye saba nAma aura dhAtu saskRta ke nAma aura dhAtugro ke Adeza rUpa me niSpanna karane para bhI tadbhava nahI kahe jA sakate kyoki saskRta ke sAtha inakA kucha bhI sAdRzya nahIM hai / koI-koI pAzcAtya bhApA tatvajJa kA yaha mata hai ki ukta dezI zabda aura dhAtu bhinnabhinna dezo kI draviDa muNDA Adi anArya bhASAmro se liye gaye hai / yahA para kahA jA sakatA hai ki yadi Adhunika Arya bhApAyo me ina dezI zabdo aura dhAtuo kA prayoga upalabdha ho to yaha anumAna karanA asagata nahIM hai| kintu jaba taka yaha pramANita na ho ki ye dezI zabda aura dhAtu vartamAna Arya mApAtro me pracalita hai, "taba taka ye zabda aura dhAtu prAdezika Arya mApAtro se gRhIta hue hai" yaha kahanA hI adhika sagata pratIta hotA hai / "ina Arya bhASAmo me do eka dezya zabda aura dhAtu pracalita hone para bhI" ve anArya bhApAyo se prAkRta me liye gaye haiM" yaha anumAna na kara 'prAkRta bhASAgro se hI ve dezya zabda aura dhAtu anArya bhASAmo me gaye haiM" yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| hA jahA aisA anumAna karanA asambhava ho vahA hama yaha svIkAra karane ke liye bAdhya hoge ki 'ye dezya zabda aura dhAtu anArya bhASApro se hI prAkRta me liye gaye haiM, kyoki Arya aura anArya ye ubhayajAtiyA java eka sthAna me mizrita ho gayI hai taba koI koI anArya zabda aura dhAtu kA Arya bhASAmo me praveza karanA asabhava nahIM hai / '' isa prakAra Adhunika bhASA vaijJAniko kI dRSTi me madhyakAlIna bhAratIya Arya bhASAo me pracalita 'dezI' zabda anAdikAla se sAmAnya jana jIvana ke bIca vyavahRta hone vAle zabda hai / Adhunika Arya bhASAmo kI grAmINa boliyo me inakA bahutAyata se pAyA jAnA yaha siddha karatA hai ki ye bhinna-bhinna prAnto kI janasAdhAraNa 1. N hemacandra kRta prA vyA ke dvi pA ke 127, 129, 134, 136, 138, 141, 174 vagairaha sUtra tathA caturthapAda ke 2, 3, 4 5, 10 11, 12 prabhRti sUtra / ' ete cAnyerdezISapaThitA Api asmAdhirdhAtvAdezIkRtA (he prA 4, 2) arthAt anya vidvAno ne vaujara, pajara uphAla prabhati dhAtuo kA pATha dezo meM kiyA hai to bhI hamane saskRti dhAtu ke Adeza rUpa se hI batAye haiN| -pAiasahamahaNNavo upodghAta, pR 21-22 kI pAdaTi 'pAiasaddamahaNNavo' prathama saskaraNa-upodghAta, pa 21-22 / 3

Page #170
158 ] ke vyavahAra kI bhASA ke zabda rahe hoMge / sAhityika bhApA kA yaha svabhAva hotA hai ki vaha apane se prAyaH 'grAmINa tattvo" ko dUra rakhatI hai jaisA ki saskRta meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| parantu aisI bhApA bahuta dina taka nahIM cala pAtI vaha sthira hokara raha jAtI hai| umI samaya phira koI loka nApA Upara uThakara sAhityika mApA kA sthAna grahaNa karanI hai| aisI hI loka sammata bhASAyeM prAkRteM thIM jiname adhikAzata. grAmINa tatva pAye jAte haiN| prA0 prA0 nApAyo me isa zabdo ke pracalita rUpa aura vAtAvaraNa ko dekhakara yahI nizcita hotA hai ki ye avazya hI bhinna-bhinna prAnto kI sthAnIya jAtiyo ke zabda rahe hoge / jahA taka iname pAyeMtara tattvo ke mizraNa kA prazna hai yaha atyanta vivAdAspada hai| isakI vistRta parcA eka alaga adhyAya me kI jaayegii| dezI pAbdoM kA udbhava aura vikAsa : 'dezI' zabdo ke svarUpa vivecana ko lekara aneka bhAratIya aura videzI vidvAno ke matamatAntaro kI vistRta carcA kI jA cukI hai / jahA taka inake udbhava aura vikAsa kA prazna hai ise hama do moTe kAraNoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM (1) bhASA vaijJAnika kAraNa (2) sAskRtika kAraNa (1) bhASAvaijJAnika kAraNa : ___ ime do bhAgo meM vikasita kiyA jA sakatA hai (a) dezI zabdo kA vibhinna prAntIya boliyA se udbhava (va) dezI zabdo kA aAryetara bhASAmo se udbhava / (a) dezI zabdoM kA vibhinna prAntIya boliyoM se udbhava . "dezI" zabdo kA prAkRta bhASA se ghaniSThatama sambandha hai| yaha Upara pratipAdita kiyA jA cukA hai| niSkarSa rUpa me yaha bhI pratipAdita kiyA jA cukA hai ki saskRta aura nAhityika prAkRta dono hI eka atyanta prAcIna kAla se pracalita prAkRta se nikalI haiM / ise hI griyarsana prabhRti vidvAno ne prathama prAkRta kahA hai / yaha vedo kI bhASA ke nirmANa ke pahale se hI pracalita jana mApA rahI hogii| isa siddhAnta kI puSTi nimnalikhita bhASA vaijJAnika tathyoM ke AdhAra para bhI ho jAtI hai (1) mAhityaka bhASAeM madeva hI kisI na kisI bolacAla kI bhASA se vikasita hotI haiM aura Age calakara java unakA vyAkaraNa nimita ho jAtA hai

Page #171
[ 159 naba ye sTa ho jAtI hai aura inakA vikAsa ruka jAtA hai / yahA bolacAla kI bhASA kI tulanA kinI lagAtAra pravAhita hone vAlI nadI kI dhArA se kI jA sagatI hai jo nirantara apane pravAha ko parivartita karatI tathA aneka dhArAo ko apane yAga me nameTanI huI matana pravAhamAna rahatI hai / dUsarI ora sAhityika mApA kI tulanA kUmata meM kI jA sakatI hai jo eka hI kSetra me sthira hokara raha jAtA hai / una para anya kimI pravAhamAnadhArA kA prabhAva nahI paDatA / isa prakAra kue ke jala ke namAna eka nilita sImA kSetra meM bar3ha sAhityika bhApAyo rUpI jalavArA nirantara raddha gora gAgvinita hone ke kAraNa grAge nahIM bar3ha paatii| parantu unmuna nadI ko jalapArA ke rUpa meM bolacAla kI bhApA nirantara vikAsa ke patha para banI rahatI hai| isa taraha eka ke nizcita sthAna para avaruddha rahane tathA dUsare ke satana pikAmamAna rahane ke kAraNa dono kI dUrI baDhatI jAtI hai aura eka samaya aigA yA jAtA hai jabaki dono kA Apasa me koI sambandha hI nahI diyAyI paataa| nAmAnya mApAmApI sAhityika mApA ko na samajha pAne ke kAraNa kilo anya bhASA ke nirmANa meM rata ho jAtA hai aura phira koI loka bhASA Age pAkara sAhityika mApA kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai pIra pahale kI mAhityika mApA manaprAya ho jAtI hai| bhApA vikAsa ke siddhAnta kA yaha cakra nirantara calatA rahatA hai| bhAratIya prArya bhApAyo saskRta, prAkRta, apabhra za tathA Adhunika prAdezika bhApAyo ke vikAsa meM bhI bhApA vikAsa kA yahI siddhAnta kArya karatA hai / bhinnabhinna yugo meM vikasita hone vAlI bhAratIya prArya bhASAe eka hI mUla srota (prArambhika prAkRta) se vikasita huI haiM / sAhityika mApAe saskRta, pAli, ardhamAgadhI, nATako kI prAkRta, sAhityika apabhra za tathA prA. bhA zrA bhASAe sabhI krama se apane yugo me vibhinna prAnto me bolI jAne vAlI prAkRto kA prabhAva grahaNa kara vikasita huI / bhApAyo ke isa prakAra ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana ko dekhate hue vAkpatirAja aura namisAdhu ke saikaDo varSa pahale vyakta kiye gaye isa vicAra kI puSTi ho jAtI hai ki volacAla kI prAkRte hI sAhityika bhApAno kA mUla prAdhAra hai / 2 vedo meM prAkRta rUpo kI prApti se bhI isa bAta kI puSTi ho jAtI hai ki inakI bhApA kisI na kisI volacAla kI bhApA se vikasita huI hai / janabhApA 1 mayalAo ima vAyA visati etto ya Neti vaayaao| e ti samudda ciyaNeti sAyarAocciya jalAi / / vAkpatirAja / gauDavaho 1930 2. kAvyAlakAra 2012 kI TIkA - 'prAkRtetisakalajagajagajjantUnAm ... ||

Page #172
160 ] yA prAkRta ke aneko rUpa vedo meM khoje jA sakate haiM jo pAge sAhityika maskRta me pariSkRta kara diye gaye / kucha udAharaNa liye jA sakate haiM (1) prAkRta meM saMskRta ma kI jagaha u prApta hotA hai| Rgveda meM bhI prAkRto ke anurUpa hI zabda milate haiM - jaise kRta kuTa (R 1 4614) (2) prAkRta me sayukta varNa vAle zabdo meM eka vyajana kA lopa hokara pUrva kA hamba svara dIrgha ho jAtA hai jaise durlabha dUlabha, vizrAma vImAma / isI taraha ke rUpa vedo me bhI dene jA sakate hai durlabha-dUlabha (R-9-8), durNAza-duNAma (zu ya prAti 3143) (3) saMskRta ke vyaJjanAnta zabdo kA prAkRto me antya vyajana lopa ho gayA hai jaime-tAvat - tAva, yazas-jasa / vaidika sAhitya meM bhI yaha pravRtti bahutAyata meM dekhI jA sakatI hai - pazcAt pazcA (atha. 10-4-11) uccAt-uccA (tani ma 213114), nIcAt-nIcA (taitri sa 112 14) 14) prAkRta me sayukta ya aura ra kA lopa ho jAtA hai - jaise pragalmapagama jyAmA-mAmA / ye vizeSatAe vaidika zabdoM meM bhI dekhI jA sakatI haiN| yathA a-pragalmA-apagatma (te sa 4-5~61) tryacatritra (zata vA 11313 33) / (5) prAkRta meM mayukta varNa ke pUrva kA mbara bamba hotA hai / pAtra patra, rAtri-rani veda meM bhI-rodamIprA-rodamiprA (R. 10-88-10), amAtra-amatra (R3136164) (6) jahA mamkRta me 'da' dhvani hotI hai, vahA prAkRto meM aneko jagaha 'Da' ani pAyI jAtI hai - daNDa-iTa, donA-DolA / vedo me bhI yaha vizeSatA khojI jA sakatI hai -- yayA - durlama-dUna (bAja. sa 3-36) pugedAma puroTAza (yaja. prati 3-44) (7) prAkRta meM va kA ha hotA hai badhira-vahira, vyAva-vAha / vaidika mApA meM bhI yayA pratimahAya-pratimacAya (go brA 2,4) aimA hI hai| (8) prAkRta me nvarAgama kI prakriyA atyanta sAmAnya hai - kliSTa-kiliTTha, nya mutra / vaidika mApA meM bhI aimA dekhA jAtA hai - svarga-suvarga (te ma 41213), nantra - tanuvaH (taitti pAra 712211 ) sva -suva (taittirIya prAraNyaka-61257) (9) prAkRta kI taraha vaidika mApA me bhI caturthI ke sthAna para pAThI vibhakti hotI hai| 1 'catuyyaM bakulam dandami' (aSTAdhyAyI 213162

Page #173
[ 161 (10) prAkRta pacamI e. va me devA, vacchA, jiraNA Adi rUpa hote haiM / veda me bhI isI prakAra uccA, nIcA, pazcA Adi rUpa hote haiN| (11) prAkRta me dvi. va ke sthAna para ba. ba hotA hai - vaidika bhApA me isa taraha ke prayogo kI bharamAra hai yathA indrAvaruNI-indrAvaruNA isI taraha mitrAvaruNA 'yo surathI rathitamI divispRzAvazvinau"-"yA surathA rathItamA divispRzA ashvinaa| ina sArI samAnatAyo ko dekhate hue yaha nizcita ho jAtA hai ki saskRta aura vaidika saMskRta dono ke vikAsa ke mUla me prAkRta thii| isa taraha saskRta vyAkaraNakAro aura pAlakAriko dvArA prAkRta kI paribhASA me AyA huA 'tat' zabda alaga artha me liyA gyaa| yahA tat kA artha saskRta na hokara yahI 'prAkRta' hai jisase vaidika saMskRta vikasita huI thii| isa prakAra prAkRta (tadbhava) tathA saskRta dono hI zabdo kA mUla vaidika kAlIna bolacAla kI prAkRta me jA paDatA hai / 'griyarsana' ne 'dezya' zabdo ko bhI isI AdhAra para 'tadbhava' kahA hai / isakA bhI mUla srota inhI prAkRto me khojA jA sakatA hai / 3 prAkRta kI saskRta se utpatti mApAtatva ke siddhAnta ke AdhAra para mo ThIka nahIM kyoki vaidika saMskRta aura laukika saskRta ye dono hI acchI taraha pariSkRta aura mAjita sAhityika bhASAe haiM / yaha bhASA azikSito, bAlako tathA nAriyo ko vodhagamya bhI nahI thI ata ina logo kI eka alaga hI kathya bhASA pracalita rahI hogI / zikSita varga ke loga bhI azikSito se bAtacIta karane meM . isI bhASA kA prayoga karate rahe hoge| isa prAdhAra para dekhane se patA calatA hai ki vaidika kAla me bhI eka yA kaI kathya bhASAe pracalita rahI hogii| saskata ke yuga me to yaha bAta nATako ke pAtro kI bhASA dekhakara aura bhI spaSTa ho jAtI hai / pANini ne apanI bhASA ko laukika bhASA kahA hai aura patajali ne ise ziSTa bhASA kahA hai arthAt yaha uma samaya zikSita logo kI samparka bhASA thI aura zikSito se alaga azikSito kI bhI eka bhApA thI - jo unakI bola cAla kI bhASA rahI hogii| ina prazikSito ke bIca apane mantavyo kA pracAra karane ke lie saskRta ke paNDita avazya hI inake zabdo kA grahaNa karate rahe hoge / kabhI kabhI ina bola-cAla ke zabdo ko sAhitya me bhI grahaNa kiyA jAtA rahA pANini dvArA vyavahRta 'loka' zabda se janabhASA kA bhI grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai / unakA 'laukikA: vaidikAzca' kathana pracalita jana bhASA tathA ziSTa vaidika bhASA dono kI ora saketa karatA hai| Age calakara paNDitoM ne 'laukika'kA artha sAhityika saskRta lagA liyaa|

Page #174
162 ] hogA parantu vahA jAkara ve vyAkaraNa sammata banA liye gaye hoNge| isa kathana kI puSTi pAriNani ke 'uNAdi' prakaraNa ke aneko pratyayo ke svarUpa tathA unake vAtupATha me dezI ghAtuno ke saskRtIkaraNa ko dekhakara mvaya hI ho jAtI hai / isa prakAra bahuta prAcIna kAla se hI sAhityika mApAe aneko janabhASA ke zabdo ko grahaNa karatI calI prAyI haiM / / inanA hI nahIM yadi yaha bhI kahA jAye ki bhinnaminna yugo me mAhityika mApAnI kA svarUpa nirmANa ina jana bhASAyo ke AdhAra para hotA AyA hai to koI atyukti na hogii| yaha pahale hI pratipAdita kiyA jA cukA hai ki dezI "zabda aura bAtueM inhI bhinna-bhinna kathya mApAyo me udbhUta huI haiM / niSkarpa pa meM 'pAiasahamahaNaNayo' kI bhUmikA me pAyA yaha kathana ullekhanIya hai ___"jina prAdezika degI bhApAyo se ye saba dezI zabda prAkRta sAhitya me gRhIta hue haiM ve prathama stara kI prAkRta mApAgro ke antargata aura unakI samasAmayika haiN| vista-pUrva papTha zatAbdI ke pahale ye mava dezImApAe pracalita thI, imase ye 'dezya' zabda arvAcIna nahIM haiM kintu utane hI prAcIna hai jitane vaidika ganna / " ! isa niSkarSa meM itane sazovana kI AvazyakatA hai ki aneka dezI zabda vaidika bhASA ke samakakSa ho sakate haiM aura tadanantara bAhara meM Ane vAlI vibhinna jAtiyoM ke sAtha prAgata bhASAno ne bhI samaya-samaya para ina zabdoM kI manyA baDhAI hai| (ba) 'dezI' zabda kA prAryatara bhASAgrI se udbhava ~~ aAdhunika bhApA vaijJAniko meM adhikatara yaha mAnate hai ki "dezI" zabdo kA udbhava prAryatara jAtiyo kI zabdAvalI ke grahaNa ke kAraNa huA hogaa| yaha lagabhaga sarvamAnya mata hai ki AryajAti bhArata meM prAkrAmaka jAti ke rUpa me pAyI / yahA pAkara isakA samparka pahale se rahane vAlI jAtiyo se par3A hogaa| isa saparka ke bIca bhASA gata AdAna-pradAna honA marvayA mabhava hai| ata Tana 'dezI' zabdo meM adhikatara zabda kola, mathAla, muNDA, nipAda, draviDa Adi jAtiyo kI bhASA meM liye gaye hoNge| ye jAtiyA aAyoM ke bhArata pAne ke pahale hI se yahA nivAsa kara rahI thiiN| ava hame prAyanika prAvidyAvizArado ke dvArA vyakta kiye gaye vicArI ko dekhanA hai| prAkRta aura dezI zabdo ke udva ke viSaya meM grAra kAlDavela ne vistAra 1 pAsa maha mahAyo' prayama mammaraNa-yodavAta, pa. 22 bhArata kA mApA mavekSaNa, muNDa ] nAga | hindI anuvAda, hA udayanArAyaNa tivArI mUla nemA mara jArga niyamana ke pATha 223 vI pAda TippaNI na para / / bhAra sAlTo' kAmpeTiva grAmara Apa vIDiyana regvejeja' (lAMgamenma, lahana 1856) 3

Page #175
[ 163 pUrvaka vicAra kiyA hai| unakA mata hai ki uttara bhAratIya bhASAe sIthiyana aura draviDa bhApAyo se prabhAvita haiN| saMskRta me aneko zabda aise pAye jAte haiM jo nizcita rUpa se draviDa aura sIthiyana bhASAmo ke zabda haiM / apane isa siddhAnta kI puSTi me ve tarka dete haiM ki uttara bhAratIya bhASAmro ke bolacAla ke zabdo kI vyAkaragika maracanA prArambha se lekara aba taka sIthiyana prabhAva se grasta hai| isame jo parivartana hue bhI to taba hue jaba pAryo kI vijaya ke bAda bhASAoM para saMskRta kA prabhutva chAtA gyaa| lekina yaha parivartana zabdo taka hI sImita rahA / bolacAla kI bhASA ke svarUpa aura usake vyAkaraNa para saskRta kA vizeSa prabhAva na paDa skaa| pAra0 kAlDavela ke dala uttarI bhArata kI bola cAla kI bhApAmo para hI draviDa bhApAyo kA prabhAva nahI dekhate, unhone sAhityaka saskRta me bhI aneko draviDa zabdo kA ullekha kiyA hai| / unhone kaI zabdo aura ghAtuno kI eka tAlikA dekara yaha siddha kiyA hai ki ye zabda nizcita hI saskRta me draviDa bhApAmo se pAye haiN| parantu kAlDavela kA yaha kahanA ki ye sabhI zabda aura dhAtue draviDa bhApAtro kI hai eka khulA prazna hai| isake viparIta jaba taka prAcIna sasvata ke loto ko khoja kara yaha nizcita nahI ho jAtA ki ye tatva Aryetara haiM kucha kahA nahIM jA sakatA / ye tatva, ho sakatA hai saskRta se hI draviDa bhApAyo ne grahaNa kiyA ho / pAra0 kAlDavela kI isa sthApanA kA khaNDana jAna vImsa ne apane kempereTiva grAmara Apha mArDana Aryana leMgvejeja' (1872) me kiyA hai| bImsa kA kahanA hai ki kAlDavela' aura unake ziSyo kI yaha sthApanA ki bhAratIya Arya bhASAe draviDa prabhAva se grasta hai, bhaugolika, aitihAsika tathA bhApA vaijJAnika tIno hI dRSTiyo se ThIka nahIM hai / yadi bhaugolika dRSTi se dekhA jAye to prArya aura draviDa kI jAtiyo ke bIca meM muNDA jAti kI sthiti hai| prata pAryoM kA prathama samparka aura una para prabhAva muNDA jAti kA paDanA cAhie na ki draviDa jAti kA, jo ki unase kAphI dUra thii| jahA taka aitihAsika dRSTi kA sambandha hai sabase pahale yaha nizcaya karanA hogA ki AryoM aura draviDo kA samparka kisa samaya huA / kyA yaha saparka vaidika yuga me huA thA ? yA bahuta Age calakara musalamAno kI vijaya ke bAda ? yadi yaha samparka vaidika yuga me hA thA to isakI paramparA me vikasita pAli, jaino ke dhArmika sAhitya kI bhApA tathA azoka ke abhilekho Adi kI bhASA sayogAtmaka kyo raha - 1 Ara phAlDavela 'kampereTiva grAmara Apha dravIDiyana leMgvejeja' (lAgamensa, ladana,) pR. 44 bhUmikA / 18561 je bImsa 'kampareTiva grAmara Apha mAharna Aryana leMgvejeja, pa. 29 2

Page #176
____164 ] gyii| kAlDavela kA kahanA hai ki Adhunika bhAratIya Arya bhApAno para dravir3a mApAnI kA prabhAva hai| Adhunika prArya bhASAe vizleSaNAtmaka haiM aura yaha vizleNAtmakatA kAlDavela ke anusAra draviDa prabhAva hai to yaha prabhAva vaidika tathA usakI paramparA kI anya mavyakAlIna Arya mApAtro para bhI kyo nahI par3A ? kAlDavela kI yaha parikalpanA bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI ThIka nahIM lagatI / sanI draviDa mApAeM saMzleSaNAtmaka haiM jabaki prA0 prA0 bhApAeM vizlepaNAtmaka pravRtti se yukta hote hue mI saskRta kI sayogAtmakatA se yukta hai / isame kucha nizcita kAraka para margoM kA vikAsa ho gayA hai lekina mUla rUpa me ye saskRta- paramparA kA hI nirvAha karatI cala rahI haiM / kula milAkara Adhunika Arya bhASAeM prAkRto kI paramparA meM vikasita haiM aura prAkRta bhASA ke sayogAtmaka aura viyogAtmaka dono hI prabhAvo se yukta hai| zrata prAdhunika prAryamApAyo kI maskRta se alaga svarUpagata aura vyAkaraNagata vizeSatAeM hai / Arya jAti kI bhASA prAkRto kI paramparA me haiM na ki sIthiyana aura draviDa bhApAno kI paramparA me / mayogAtmakatA se viyogAtmakatA kI ora yaha vikAsa koI nayA udAharaNa nahIM, lekina (sayogAtmaka) me vikasita iTeliyana, phreMca, zeniza,pocaMgIja Adi viyogAtmaka mApAe udAharaNa ke rUpa meM dekhI jA sakatI haiM / anta me yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki DA0 kADavela ke mata me vaidika aura laukika maskRta me aneko zabda drAviDIya bhApAnI se grahaNa kiye gaye haiM ThIka nahIM hai / kyoki drAviDIya bhApA ke jisa sAhitya me re zabda pAye jAte haiM vaha vaidika mAhitya se prAcIna nahIM hai / ho sakatA hai ye zabda Arya bhApA ne draviTa bhApA-mApiyo ne grahaNa kiye ho| prAvunika bhASAvido me kucha logo ne bhASA meM pAye jAne vAle 'dezI' zabdo kA sambandha prAryetara bhApAnI meM banAyA hai parantu isa pora bahuta kama hI prayAsa huaA hai / jitane logo ne bhI thoDe - hRta zabdo ko prAryetara bhApAyo se sambanvita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, unakA prayAsa aba bhI madigya banA hayA hai| zabdo kA mAdRzya mAtra digvA denA paryApta nahIM hai / unake lie paryApta aitihAmika bhaugolika nayA bhASA vaijJAnika prAvAnoM kI AvazyaktA hai| bhAratIya prAyoM kI saskRti mizraNa pradhAna maskRti hai| jaba se yahA prArya prAya taba se lekara aba taka unakA samparka kinI na kimI nayI jAti meM hotA rahA hai| isa samparka ke bIca prAdAna-pradAna navaMthA mambhava tatrya hai| bhAratIya prArya bhApAyI ne bhI imI prakriyA se prAryetara jAtiyo me vahata kucha grahaNa kiyA hogaa| lekina isa prakriyA ne ina para jo bhI prabhAva paTA vaha atyanta mUdama hai / zAryo kI bhASA prArambha se hI prAryetara jAtiyo kI bhASA me sazakta rahI hai| jo bhI prabhAva umane dUsaro se grahaNa kiyA apane Dhaga se / jahA taka 'dazI' zabdo kA sambandha hai mabhava hai kucha zabda bhAryetara jAtiyoM se liye gaye ho para dana bItI kA ThIka ThIka nirdhAraNa kara pAnA marvayA asabhava hai|

Page #177
[ 165 "dezInAmamAlA" me Aye hue dezI zabdo me lagabhaga 800 zabda Ayetara mApAyo vizeSata draviDa bhASAoM se Aye hue batAye gaye haiN| rAmAnujan ne dezInAmamAlA" ke anta me diye gaye zabda koza me draviDa bhASAmo se milate julate dezI zabdo kI aora saketa kara diyA hai| isI prakAra e ena upAdhye ' mahodaya ne kucha dezI zabdo kI tulanA kannaDa bhASA ke zabdo se kI hai| ina adhyayanoM kA yaha artha bilkula hI nahIM hai ki ye zabda tamila, telagu yA kannaDa yA isI taraha kI anya Aryetara bhApAno se liye gaye hai| ina bhASAyo me pracalita ye zabda hI ho sakatA hai Arya bhASA-bhApiyo se Aryetara bhASA-bhApiyo ne grahaNa kiye ho / usake viparIta yadi ina "dezI" zabdo ko Adhunika bhinna-bhinna prAnto me volI jAne vAlI prArya bhApAgyo kI voliyo me TU DhA jAye to ye jyo ke tyo vahA usI artha me thoDe rUpa parivartana ke sAtha mila jAte hai / ina zabdo kI vAstavika sthiti pro0 vilsana ke nimna kathana se spaSTa ho jAtI hai - ____ "A Portion of a primiturve, unpolished and seanty speech. the relies of a period prior of civilization, has been calculated amount to one tenth of the whole"? isa prakAra pro0 vilsana ke anusAra sAhityika bhASAyo me pracalita zabdo kA lagabhaga 1-10 bhAga bahata prAcInakAla se prAdima avasthA ke nivAsiyo me pracalita Ubar3a-khAbaDa tathA karNakaTu bolacAla kI bhASA kA avazeSa hai / samaya samaya para mAhityika bhASAno me ina avazeSo kA pariSkAra hotA rahA hai / aise zabdo kA srota koI bhI sAhityika bhASA nahI ho sktii| loka me pracalita paramparAno, rIti-rivAjo tathA sadiyo se calI A rahI sAmAjika mAnyatApro se ina zabdo ko sadabhita kiyA jA sakatA hai| dezInAmamAlA me prApta hone vAle vizuddha "dezI" zabdo me vikAza zabda 'marAThI bhASA kI boliyo se sarbhita kiye gaye hai| isI prakAra yadi anya prAntIya bhASAyo kI boliyo me ina zabdo ko khojA jAye to atyanta sugamatApUrvaka prApta ho jaayeNge| eka bAta yahA aura bhI dhyAna dene kI hai / prAcArya hemacandra ne apane dezIkoza kA sakalana karate samaya prAkRta kI sAhityika racanAyo ke atirikta bhinna-bhinna prAntIya boliyo ke AkaDo ko avazya - 1 AN Upaddhye' (cannaries words in Desi laxieons" A BO. I R. V XII 2 Ara kAlDavela 'kampereTiva grAmara oNpha dvIDiyana laiMgvejeja' pR 53 se uddhRta / 3 pI ela vaidya, Anjarvezansa Ana dezInAmamAlA enalsa Apha bhaNDArakara oriyaNTala risarca insTITyUTa khaNDa 8 pR 63-71 /

Page #178
___166 ] rakhA hogA / yahI kAraNa hai ki isake kucha zabda sAhityika prAkRto me nahI prayukta hue hai / aise zabda avazya hI pracalita prAntIya boliyo se lekara saMgrahIta kiye gaye hoMge / ina tathyo ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue vidvAno dvArA diyA gayA yaha tarka ki "dezI" zabdo me Aryetara tatva mile hue haiM tarka kI kasauTI para kharA natrI utaratA / dUsarI ora Adhunika bhAratIya Arya bhApAyo kI boliyo me ina zando kI khoja me yaha nizcita hotA jA rahA hai ki ye zabda prAcInakAla se janamAdhAraNa kI bolacAla kI bhASA meM pracalita the aura Aja bhI usI varga ke logo meM pracalita deve jA makate haiN| udAharaNa sahita isa bAta kA vivecana prastuta zodhaprabandha ke eka alaga adhyAya meM kiyA jaayegaa| dezI gando ke udbhava aura vikAsa kA sAskRtika dhAvAra . yaha pahale hI batAyA jA cukA hai ki "dezI" zabda bahuta prAcIna kAla se hI pracalita mAmAnya vocacAla kI bhASA ke rUpa hai / ina zabdo ke udbhava aura vikAma kI kahAnI samasta prArya saMskRti ke vikAsa kI kahAnI hai / dezI zabdo ke udbhava kA mUla pAryoM ke yahA pAkara bamane tathA unakA vibhinna bhASA bhApiyo se samparka hone meM nihita hai| prArya saMskRti bahuta prArambha se hI grAmya saskRti rahI hai / 'dezI' zabdo kA bahuta kucha sambanca grAmya maskRti se hI hai| ye zabda yugayugo se sAskRtika AdAna-pradAno tathA vividha vArmika tathA sAskRtika Andolano ke bIca meM gujarane hue Aja kI nApAnI meM bhI apane vAstavika svarUpa ko sajoye hue haiN| bhAratIya pAryoM kI mamkRti kA nirmANa mizraNa se harA hai| zrAyoM ke yahA pAne ke pahale yahA pramukha rUpa se tIna cAra Aryetara jAtiyo kA prabhAva ina para par3A thA ve jAtiyA kola, kirAta, mRNDA aura draviDa thii| nipAda kahI jAne vAlI prAnTika jAti bhI inhI meM zAmitra kI jA sakatI hai| ina jAtiyo se samparka hote hI pAryo kI saskRti meM inakI saskRti ke aneko tattva mizrita ho gaye / grAryoM ke pAsa eka maNakta mApA thI unhoMne ina Aryetara jAtiyo ke sAskRtika prabhAvI kA grahaNa apanI bhApA me karane ke mAya hI pArvatara jAtiyo ko apanI bhASA se bhI avagata kraayaa| dhIre-dhIre prAryetara jAtiyA bhI Arya bhApA mApI banatI gyiiN| unake aneko mAmyadika upAdAna prAya bhApApo kA sahArA lekara prArya maskRti ke vIca mamAhita hote gaye / yaha prApasI prAdAna-pradAna dhIre-dhIre apanA vAstavika rUpa prArya-bhASAoM ke antargana ThipAtA gyaa| yaha kAla 'chAndam' kAla rahA hogaa| isa samaya pracalita bhinna bhinna sthAnIya boliyo meM prArya prAryetara tattva ekAkAra ho cuke rahe hoge /

Page #179
[ 167 'dezI' zabdo ke udbhava ke mUla me yahI sAskRtika AdAna-pradAna kI prakriyA dekhI jA sakatI hai / 'dezInAmamAlA' me aneko zabda 'anukAra zabda' (onomatopoerc) haiM / drAviDa tathA nipAda dono bhApAmo ke anukAra zabda unake eka bahuta mahattvapUrNa bhAga hai / isI prakAra pratidhvani vAle zabda bhI bahuta kucha Aryetara hI kahe jA sakate hai| ye sabhI tattva grAmINa pAryoM aura prAryetara jAtiyo ke samparka ke dRDhatara hone ke sAtha hI dono kI voliyo me sthAna pAte gaye / jisa vAtAvaraNa aura jisa avasthA ke logo me ina zabdo kA udabhava hanA thA usI vAtAvaraNa aura unhI avasthAno me rahane vAle logo ke bIca inakA vikAsa bhI Adhunika Arya bhApAyo me dekhA jA sakatA hai| Upara batAye gaye tathya ye siddha karane ke liye paryApta hai ki 'dezI' zabda pracura mAtrA me Aryetara saskRti se sambandhita hote hue bhI svarUpa kI dRSTi se pAryo kI bhinna bhinna prAntIya voliyo ke zabda haiM / ye boliyA Arya aura prAryetara dono hI varga ke logo meM pracalita rahI hogii| inhI boliyo ko 'prAthamika prAkRta' kahA gayA hai / isI kI eka bolI vaidika 'chAndas' bhASA ke rUpa meM vikasita huI thI / vaidika sAhitya me inhI bhinna-bhinna boliyo ke bolane vAle logo ko vrAtya, asura, dasyu Adi kahA gayA hai / jaba vaidika bhApA madhyadeza kI sAhityika bhASA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ho gayI aura vaha sAmAnya boliyo se dUra haTatI gayI, phira ina voliyo ne sira uThAnA prArambha kiyA aura sAhityika bhApA se alaga haTakara grAmINa tattvo se yukta pAli kA vikAsa huaa| isI paramparA me madhyakAlIna prAkRto aura navya bhAratIya Arya bhASAo kA bhI vikAsa huA / ye sArI bhASAe saskRta ke prabhAva se itanI grasta rahI ki Age calakara inhe saMskRta se hI udbhUta mAna liyA gyaa| lekina yaha avasthA kevala sAhityika prAkRto kI thii| pratyeka sAhityika bhApA ke yuga me sAmAnya bolacAla kI sthAnIya bhASAe apane mUla srota prAthamika prAkRta se juDI rahI / Adhunika Arya-bhASAmo ke sadarbha me bhI yahI bAta dekhI jA sakatI hai / ina sAhityika bhASApro kI boliyA Aja bhI apane Apa me anAdi kAla se cale A rahe prAkRta ke zabdo ko sajoye hue hai / sunItikumAra cATuA ke zabdo me "navya bhAratIya Arya bhApAyo tathA boliyo me aise kaI sI zabda hai jinakI vyutpatti bhAratIya Arya udgamo se nahI milatI" hA unase prAkRta pUrva rUpo kA avazya saralatayA punarnirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai|" 1 cATA, bhAratIya Arya bhASA aura hindI', ' 111

Page #180
168 ] niSkarSa rUpa me yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'dezI' zabda bahuta anAdikAla se sAhityika bhASAmo me praviSTa hokara vikramita hote cale Aye haiN| ye apane antarAla me aneko sAskRtika uthala-puthala chipAye Aja kI bhApAyo me bhI vikAsa prApta kara rahe haiM / aitihAsika dRSTi se ina zabdo kA adhyayana eka rocaka sAskRtika tathya kA udghATana karatA hai / vaidika yuga se lekara sAhityika saMskRta, usake bAda pAli aura sAhityika prAkRto me, inhe varAvara sthAna milatA rahA hai| ina zabdo me cirakAla se sacita AryoM kI mizrita saskRti kA itihAsa sugamatApUrvaka khojA jA sakatA hai|

Page #181
mAnaka hindI tathA usakI pramukha boliyoM __ meM vikasita dezya zabda Adhunika bhAratIya prArya bhASAo ke mUla me vidyamAna prAkRta bhASAmro kI zabda sampatti ko vaiyAkaraNo ne tIna bhAgo me vibhAjita kiyA hai- (1) tatsama (2) tadbhava tathA (3) dezaja / iname prathama do varga ke zabdo kA vikAsa vyAkaraNa sammata aura sIdhe saskRta se juDA huaA hai / tRtIya varga ke 'dezya' zabda sampUrNa bhAratIya Arya bhASAmo kI vividha vikAsAtmaka avasthAo kI anokhI kahAnI prastuta karane vAle hai / prAkRto me AyI huI, avyutpAdya 'dezya' zabdAvalI kA sambandha, yahA pAryo se bhI pahale rahane vAlI jAtiyo se jor3A jA sakatA hai| Rgveda se lekara bhAratIya Arya paramparA kI jitanI bhI kRtiyA likhI gayI yA jitanI bhASAe banI, sabhI para 'dezya' zabdAvalI kI amiTa chApa hai / isI paripATI se Adhunika bhAratIya Arya bhApAno pramukhata* hindI tathA usakI pramukha boliyo me bhI 'dezya' zabdo kA vyavahAra hotA A rahA hai, yahI siddha karanA isa adhyAya kA pramukha viSaya hai| bhArata kI rASTrabhASA hindI kI tatsama aura tadbhava zabdAvalI ke adhyayana ke aneko prayAsa ho cuke hai, parantu isame yuga-yugo se vyavahRta hote Aye 'dezya' zabdo ke adhyayana ke prayAsa lagabhaga nahIM ke barAbara hue haiN| prAcArya hemacandra ke 'dezaja-koza' 'dezInAmanAlA' ke prakAzita hone ke bAda se hI vidvAno ne isame sakalita zabdAvalI kA adhyayana bhinna-bhinna dRSTiyo se prArambha kiyA / videzI vidvAno me pizela, Tarnara Adi ne ina zabdo kA adhyayana anArya bhASAno ke sandarbha me prastuta kiyA hai| ina dezya zabdo me lagabhaga 700 zabda

Page #182
170 ] nizcita rUpa se usI artha meM draviDa tathA anArya kola, muNDA, sathAla Adi bhASAo meM khoje jA sakate haiM / isa ora prayAsa bhI hue haiM, parantu ina zabdo ke vikAsa ko bhApAyo meM khojane kA prayAsa krama hI huyA hai| mAnaka hindI tathA umakI boliyo meM bhI ye zabda apanA rUpa badala kara yA phira usI rUpa meM vyavahRta hue haiM yahA yahI dekhanA abhISTa hai| aAja kI bhApAyo me 'dezI' zabdo kA vikAsa dikhAne ke pUrva aise zabdo kI sarvathA pUrvasiddha prAcInatA para vicAra kara lenA asagata na hogaa| 'dezI' zabda atyanta prAcInakAla se hI asabhya aura azikSita varga ke bIca prayukta hAte rahe haiM / mvaya Rgveda, jo AryoM kA prAcInatama prAmANika grantha hai ~ use dekhane se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki do taraha kI bhApAe usa yuma me bhI thii| Rgveda prathama maNDala tathA dazama maNDala kI bhASA dvitIya se aSTama maNDala taka kI bhApA se sarvathA alaga rUpa meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| pro0 vilsana ne apanI "ena orijana pAva iNDiyA" nAmaka pustaka me eka sthAna para likhA hai ki bhArata meM Arya sabhyatA ke udaya se pahale hI jo bhASAe , yahA vidyamAna thI unakA lagabhaga 10 vA bhAga vAda kI sabhI bhASAmro meM prApta hotA hai / pro0 vilsana ke isa tathya pUrNa kathana ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue yadi hama mahapi pANini ke laukika tathA vaidika bhApA ke vyAkaraNa-grantha 'aSTAdhyAyI' ko dekheM to kucha papTa tavya nahA bhI milege / pANini ke samaya meM bhI zikSito kI bhASA me alaga haTakara kucha bhApAe thI jinheM adhikArI vidvAno ne 'prAkRta (azikSita logo kii| bhApA kahA hai| isa bAta kA samarthana patajali aura bharata bhI karate hai| pANini ke vAtupATa me kaI dhAtue aisI pAyI haiM jinakA prayoga unake pUrva kI mAhityika bhASA meM nahIM miltaa| ina dhAtuoM kA vikAsa prAzcaryajanaka rUpa se aAdhunika prArya-mApAtroM vizeSatayA hindI me milatA hai, parantu sAhityika saskRna meM inakA prayoga kama hI huA hai / kucha vAtue draSTavya haiM (1) aDDa-abhiyoge-siddhAnta kaumudI 11371-hindI meM 'aDanA' kriyA pada / (2) kaDu kArkaNye - mi. ko 11372 hindI me 'kar3A' vizeSaNa pd| ___ "A Portion of a primitive unpolished and scanty speech, the relies of a period prior to civilization had been calculated to 2mount one tenth of the speech on the whole."

Page #183
[ 171 (3) kuT zabde si ko-6173 hindI 'kuTa-kuTa karanA' - yaha dhAtu nepAlI aura kumAyu nI vIrA aura kvIDA (vAta) ke mUla me aAja bhI hai|| (4) ghiriNa-grahaNe', si ko 11461 - prAkRta me geNhai, gheNNai Adi rUpa isI se vikasita hai| (5) ghuNa-zramaNe -- si ko. 1 464 - hindI 'ghUmanA' kriyA isI se| / (6) cak tRpto - si ko 1193 - hindI ke 'chakanA' tathA 'cakAcaka' zrAdi pada inI se pAe hoge| ___(7) cap mAntvane - si. ko 11426 - hindI 'cupa' pada kA mUla (8) jamu adane - si ko 11426 -- hindI jamanA (jamakara khAnA) yA jImanA Adi (9) cuNTa chedane - vahI, 81347 ~ hindI kA 'cyUTI' pada / (10) jur3A bandhane - vahI 6137 - 'juDA' 'joDanA' Adi kriyA pada / (11) Ta - bandharthe - vahI 10197 - hindI ke TA~kA lagAnA 'TA~kanA' prAdi pd| (12) TaGga gatyarthe -- vahI 11887 - 'TAga' yA 'TA~ganA' pada / (13) paura-gaticAturye - vahI 11585 -- hindI 'dauDanA' avadhI 'ghoDanA' kriyApada isI se vikasita hoge| (14) pel gatau - si ko 11574 - hindI - 'pelanA', rela, pela, ityAdi pada / (15) bADa prAplAve - vahI 11306 - hindI 'vADha' pada / (16) mask gatyarthe - vahI - 11102 -- 'masakanA' (anadhI) (Tasase) masa / (17) hiMD gatyarthe - vahI 11287 -- bagalA-hATA tathA kumAyu nI 'hiTNo' zrAdi ke mUla me| (18) jimu adane - vahIM-11500 -- jevanA (avadhI tathA braja, mAravADIjevaNe sathAlI-jAma / kukU -joma / jugrAga-jima / savara-jama / 1. ghuNi - ghuNi grahaNe-kramazaH si ko. - 11462 - 11463 /

Page #184
172 ] para ginAye gaye ye kucha prAsyAta pada saskRta me na ke barAbara prayukta hote haiM / bhAge loka bhApAyo ke sahAre vikasita hone vAlI prAkRta tathA usakI anya sahacAriNI bhApAyo meM ye ghAtue prayukta hotI rahI aura kAlakrama se Adhunika bhArya bhASA me apane usI artha meM pracalita haiM / mahapi pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI meM prayukta hone mAtra se ye zabda saskRta-yoni nahI hoge, phira pANini to svaya hI 'laukika eva vaidika bhASA' kA vyAkaraNa racane kI pratijJA karate haiN| bAda meM yadi 'laukika' kA artha 'sAhityika saMskRta bhApA' ho gayA to isame pANini kA doSa nahIM / aAdhunika bhApA vaijJAniko me yaha mAnyatA jaDa pakaDatI jA rahI hai ki saskRta aisI bhApA hai jimako saskAra (suvAra) kara use khUba ThokA-pITA gayA hai / isa kArya me pANini ne sabase adhika yoga diyA / imI prakriyA ke bIca kitane hI loka bhASAyo ke zabdo para saskRta kI muhara lagAyI gyii| imI tathya ko dUsare rUpa meM bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| maharSi pANini ke pahale tathA vAda kI bhASA me kucha vilakSaNatAeM spaSTa hI parilakSita kI jA sakatI haiN| saskRta bhASA kI lambI paramparA me kucha zabda aise pAte hai jo vyavahRta to eka hI artha meM hue hai, parantu unakI sthiti spasTa rUpa se annaga-alaga hai| saMskRta me 'ghoDe' ke lie ghoTaka aura 'azva' do zabda milate hai / tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dekhane para patA calatA hai ki 'voTaka' zabda Aryetara bhApAyo se sambaddha hai - tamila meM 'kudira', kannaDDa meM 'kudare' tathA 'koTA' meM bhI 'kudare' milatA hai| ina mApAtroM meM prApta hone ke kAraNa yaha spaSTa hI Aryetara mApA (draviDa bhApA) se liyA gayA hai| dono zabda "poTaka' aura 'azva' mAtha-mAya vyavahRta hote rhe| sthiti ke anusAra prathama lokamApA ne pAnA hA zabda rahA hogA aura dvitIya zikSito kI bhApA kA zabda rahA hogaa| zikSito kA 'adhva' gabda aAja hindI me bhI usI varga ke logo kA zabda hai - jaba ki 'ghoTaka' 7 ghoDagra7 ghoDA Adi tyo me parivartita hotA hayA mAmAnyajano dvArA vyavahRta hotA hai| isI prakAra kutte ke lie 'kukkura' aura 'vAna' do zabda hai / villI ke lie 'vilAI' aura 'mArjArI' do zabda vyavahRta hote nhe hai / yadi ina sAtha-sAtha calane vAle zabdo kA vikAsakrama lakSita kiyA jAye to dekhane meM pAyegA ki vaidika yuga meM calane vAle prAkRta jano dvArA vyavahRta aneko pada vaha ghoDe bani parivartana yA spa parivartana ke sAtha Aja bhI cala rahe haiN| prAcArya hemacandra kI 'dezInAmamAlA' meM aise aneko pada hai jinakA Adhunika AryabhApAyo vizeSataH mAnaka hindI meM vikAsa, eka anokhI bhApA-zAstrIya kahAnI upasthita karatA hai / mAnaka hindI kA zabda bhaNDAra vividha mApAtro ke mela se banA

Page #185
[ 173 hai| isameM nihita videzI tattvo ko pahicAna lenA sarala hai, parantu paramparA se calI prAtI huI 'dezya' zabdAvalI ko pahicAna pAnA eka atyanta durUha kArya hai / hindI me kitane hI aise 'dezaja' zabda haiM -- jinhe bhrAntivaza saskRta se udbhUta aura tadbhava mAna liyA jAtA hai| mAnaka hindI ke aise hI kucha zabdo para prakAza DAlA jAyegA jo yuga yugo se bhAratIya Arya bhApAro kI sampatti rahe aura Aja bhI bhASA ke zabda bhaNDAra ko samRddha banA rahe haiN| jina zabdo kA yahA ullekha kiyA jAyegA unheM prAcArya hemacandra ne 'dezya' mAna kara apane koza grantha 'dezInAmamAlA' me malita kiyA hai / 1 praghArago-- vizeSaraNa pada) - de0 nA0 mA0 1-19 yaha zabda hindI meM pradhAnA avadhI meM pradhAna vrajabhApA meM 'aghAnA' 'aghAno' Adi kriyA pado ke rUpa meM vikasita hai| prAcArya hemacandra isa zabda ko dezya mAnate hai / parantu zabda kI sthiti aura rUpAtmaka vikAsa dono alaga kahAnI kahate haiM / jahA taka isa zabda kI sthiti kA prazna hai yaha loka bhASA kA zabda hai / sAhityika hindI me 'aghAnA' kriyA kA prayoga nagabhaga nahI hI hotA hai / isake sthAna para 'tRpta honA' trAdi para vyavahata hote hai| loka bhApAtro aura boliyo me 'dezI' zabda pracuramAnA me haiM yaha bAta middha ho cukI hai| yaha to eka pakSa huaa| dUsarI ora yadi isa pada ko 'maskRta' ke 'pAghrANa' pada me vyutpanna mAnA jAye to khIcatAna karanI pdd'egii| 'yAtrAga' kA artha hai - 'nAka taka bharakara' isakA lAkSaNika artha hI tuptivAcaka hogA / aimI sthiti me isa zabda ke sAskRtika pariveza ke hI AdhAra para imakI voTi kA nirdhAraNa kiyA jAnA caahie| isa kasauTI para yaha 'dezya' hI ThaharatA hai / 'gragbANa' zabda se 'aghAnA' kriyA kA vikAsa rUpAtmaka vikAsa kI dRSTi se bhI sahI dizA meM hai- avadhI me-'aghAi ke khAvA' 'aghAna ahai' prAdi rUpo me isakA vyavahAra dekhA jA sakatA hai / uparyukta zabda vivecana ke bIca eka bAta vijJajano ko khaTaka sakatI hai, vaha yaha ki yadi koI zabda saMskRta bhASA me vidyamAna hai to use 'dezya' batAne kA Agraha hama kyo kareM ? isa prazna para vicAra karate samaya isa tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhanA hogA ki koI bhI sAhityika bhApA loka bhASA ke stara se uTha kara hI sAhityika bhASA banatI hai - aisI sthiti saskRta kI bhI rahI hai| svaya mahapi pANini ne vyAkaraNa grantha aSTAdhyAyI me kitane hI zabda aise Aye haiM -- jinakA udgama lokabhASAyo me khojA jA sakatA hai| pANini ke dhAtupATha me 'dezya' tattvo kI carcA Upara kI jA cukI hai / aSTAdhyAyI ke uNAdi pratyaya bhI bahuta kucha isI tathya kI

Page #186
174 ] pora naketa karate hai| saMskRta eka aimI bhApA hai jisakA pANini jaise vaiyyAkaraNoM ne samkAra kriyA / ina kriyA meM kitanI hI 'dezya' zabdAvalI saMskRta ho utthii| inakA mana pahale bhI kiyA gayA hai / (2) aMgAli - (manA pada) inu baNDa - de. nA mA 1-28 - i gAlI -1-79-ye dono zabda - Inca ke UparI bhAga-jimamai usakI pattiyA~ Adi rahatI haiM, ke prarya me vyavahRta hue haiN| abavI kA 'agorI' yA 'agaurI' pada tathA brajabhApA aura bhojapurI meM 'aMgolA' par3ha inhI zabdo ke vimita spa haiM / isa zabda kA praskRta ve 'ana' zabda se bhI vyutpanna kiyA jA sakatA hai, parantu Upara kahI gayI bAto ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue yaha upayukta nahI hogaa| (3) zraccha (vizeSaNa) - atyartha de nA mA 1-49 - hindI kA 'acchA' vizeSaNa pada jo ki 'mundara' kA artha detA hai tathA bolane meM jo bhinna-bhinna manobhAvo ke dyotana ke lie prayukta hotA hai, imI pada kA vikamita tpa hogaa| (4 / acchivipracchI (saMjA) ~ paramparamArpaNam-de nA mA.-1141 - yaha eka aise khela kA artha dene vAlA zabda hai jisame velane vAle paraspara eka dUsare ge dIMcate haiN| hindI meM pracalita bacco ke bela kA artha dene vAle 'pAnva-micaunI' pada ko inakA vikasita rUpa mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoki dono zabda khela vAcaka haiM / vela kI prAcIna pratriyA aura bAta kI prakriyA me bheda ho sakatA hai para hai dono eka hii| (5) prajarATara - (maMnApada) uSNam de nA mA - 1 45 - avadhI meM jADe meM prayukta hone vAlI garma aura bhoTe kapar3e ko 'jaDAvara' kahA jAtA hai| 'jaTAvara' zabda nizcita rUpa se 'jagaha' jan kA hI vikamita pa hogaa| samaya kI lambI bAga ke bIca ugAtAvAcaka yaha pada garma kapar3o ke lie prayukta hone lagA hogA / acAtmaka panvitana kI dRSTi meM yAdi svara kA lupta ho jAnA yA '2 kA 'i' ho jAnA loka gapAmro kI nyan zyiA hai| (6) pratyArgha tayA atyAha - agAya (vizeSaNa) - de nA mA 1-54 - hindI taga umatro namI boliyo meM yaha zabda - thoTe parivartana ke sAtha 'grayAha' pada haikara ne panI kI na nApI jA sakane vAlI gaharAI ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai / saMskRta 3 'gAya' zabda ne 'prayAha' pada kA vikAsa mAnanA, vvaniparivartana kI dRSTi me apana nahIM hogaa| (7) allaTTa-pallaTTha - '73 parivartana (manApada) de nA mA 1-48-yaha ganda ghoDe vikAra ke sAtha hindI meM alaTa-palaTa yA ulaTa-palaTa' tathA avadhI me

Page #187
[ 175 'uluTu-putuTa' ke rUpa me vyavahRta ho rahA hai| avadha ke kucha grAmINa kSetro me isakA prayoga 'ulATa-pulATa' ke rUpa me bhI hotA hai / (8) avapusino - saghaTita (vizeSaNa) de nA mA 1-48 - yaha hindI me 'pApasa' tathA avadhI me 'yApusa' ke rUpa meM vikasita hokara prayukta ho rahA hai| dhvani parivartana kI dRSTi se avadhI kA 'pApusa' isake adhika samIpa hai / aba 7 praa| avadhI me 'p' kA 'u' svara surakSita hai jaba ki hindI me isakA saskAra kiyA gayA aura 'dezI' prakRti haTAne ke lie p ke 'u' kA 'a' kara diyA gayA hai / (9) asiyaM'-dAtram (sajJApada) de nA mA 1-14-phasala zabda Adi kI kaTAI ke lie lohe kA banA huaA dhAradAra aaujAra vizeSa / hindI tathA avaghI me 'hasiyA brajabhApA 'asi' Adi pada isI ke vikasita rUpa hoge| avaghI me prAya svaro kA mahAprANIkaraNa dekhA jAtA hai - jaise 'aisana' aura 'haisana' dono hI pado kA vyavahAra hotA hai / hemacandra dvArA diye gaye artha se bhI isakI paryApta samAnatA hai| (10) AUrU - atizaya (adhikatAvAcI) (sarvanAmapada) de nA mA 1176 - yaha zabda hindI me 'aura' avadhI me 'aura' prAdi rUpo me vikasita hai / hindI tathA isakI anya boliyo me isa zabda kA prayoga do arthoM meM hotA hai - eka adhikatAvAcaka sarvanAma ke rUpa me jaise aura dIjie', dUsarA sambandha bodhaka avyaya ke rUpa me jahA para ise agrejI ke 'eNDa' (And) kA sthAnIya samajhA jA sakatA hai / hame adhikatAvAcI sarvanAma pada 'aura' ko hI lenA hai| hindI kA 'aura' tathA avadhI kA 'aura' dono hI pada 'pAUra' ke vikAsa hoge / artha kI dRSTi se a grejI ke eNDa (And ) kA sthAnavAcI savadhavAcaka avyayapada 'aura' saskRta 'apara' zabda kA vikRta yA tadbhava rUpa hai| . (11) pAhu-ulaka sajJA pada) de nA. mA 1-61 - hindI tathA usakI lagabhaga sabhI grAmINa boliyo me vyavahRta hone vAlA 'hauvA' yA 'hauA' zabda isI se vikasita mAnA jA sakatA hai / isakA vyavahAra prAya 'DarAvanA' jIva ke artha me hotA hai / ullU nAmaka pakSI svabhAva se bhIru hote hue bhI AkRti se bahuta adhika DarAvanA hotA hai| 'pAhu' se 'hauvA' yA 'haumA' zabda kA vikAsa-bhApA vaijJAnika dRSTi se 'varNa viparya' ke antargata rakhA jA sakatA hai / 11 saskRta ke 'asi' (talavAra) tathA 'asita' (kAlA yA apavitra) zabdo se bhI ise vyutpanna kiyA jA sakatA hai| isake viparIta yaha bhI sambhAvanA hai ki yaha loka bhApA kA zabda rahA ho aura vAda me sAhityika saMskRta meM prayukta hone lagA ho|

Page #188
___176 ] (12) ukkAmiyA-utthita-(vizepaNa pada) de nA mA 1-114 hindI 'ukamAnA' brajamApA 'ukramana' 'kamani' tathA avadhI 'umakAnA' yA 'husakAnA' prAdi pada imI ye vikramita hue hoge / vikAsa kI isa prakriyA ke antarAla meM artha sAmya aura dhvani-mAmya dono hI paglikSita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ukkAmi-upakAma-ukasa 'nA' hindI kA kriyAvAcI pratyaya - ukasAnA / avadhI me varNa viparyaya se ukasAnAusakAnA-dumakAnA / (13) ukkhalI ~ piThara (manApada) de. nA mA 1188 - avadhI me 'pokharI', rAjasthAnI brajabhAyA aura bhojapurI meM 'pokhatI' 'ubalI' 'pokharI' aura 'pokhaDI' tathA bundelI meM 'ukharI' zabda 'upakhalI' zabda ke hI vikamita rUpa haiN| (14) ukku Do ~ matta (manApada) de. nA mA 1-91 - hemacandra ne imakA artha madamatta yA ghamaNDI batAyA hai| hindI tathA umakI sabhI boliyo meM vyavahRta 'guNDA' 1 zabda ima zabda kA vikasita rUpa kahA jA sakatA hai / ka kA ga meM parivatana tathA prArambhika svara kA lopa madhyakAlIna bhAratIya Arya bhApAyo ke lie mamAnya bAteM haiM / ukku Da tathA usake vikamita rUpa 'guNDA' dono kA hI sambandha yahA bahuta prAcIna kAla me rahane vAlI varvara evaM svecchAcAriNI 'goDa' jAti se joDA jA sakatA hai / hemacandra ne isI prAzaya kA eka anya zabda 'gundA' (de nA. mA 2110) avama yA nIca ke artha meM diyA hai| arabI me 'gonda' yA 'gunda' zabda sipAhI ke artha meM AyA hai| rAjagharAne ke mipAhiyo kA svecchAcAra aura unakI duSTatA sarvavidita hai / ho makatA hai vAda meM atyAcArI mipAhyio ke mamAna hI pAcaraNa karane vAle vyakti kA nAma bhI 'goda' yA isI kA vikamita rUpa 'guNDA' paDha garA ho / merI dRSTi meM 'gorDa' jAti meM isakA sambandha dikhAnA ucita hogaa| (15) ucca To, ucchaTTo ~ natrIyam, cora (manApaTa) de nA mA 1-101 ye dono zabda corI karane me atyanta paTu vyakti ke artha meM pAye hai / hindI kA 'chaMTA' ganda - (jaima' kheTA huyA badamAga) myapTa hI ina dono zandI me vikramita hRyA hogaa| (16) ucdu - bhavatrauryam (manApada) de nA. mA. 1195 - corI karate samaya bhayabhIta rahane vAle akti kA artha dene vAlA yaha zabda 'yocA' pada ke prAmASA ropa, 400 para 'gaSTrA' gandI mamata ke 'gaNTaka (manina) gabda meM yatpanna banAyA gayA hai / 'maTA' mandI yaha vyutpati vana vyatpani dikhAne ke lie hI dI gayI ugatI hai| mamna mA 'gadara' madanI daNya' prakRti kA hai| isa Nanda kI bhI TaoNpa pATakara mamkAra yukta kiyA gayA hAA matapa se yaha manda 'dezya hai tanava nhiiN|

Page #189
[ 177 rUpa me hindI tathA usakI lagabhaga sabhI boliyo me pracalita hai / yadyapi isakA artha duSTa, dhokhebAja Adi ho gayA hai, phira bhI isa zabda ke antarAla meM nihita kAyaratA kA prAbhAsa ise 'ucchya' ke artha se vahata dUra nahIM le jAtA / dhvanyAtmaka vikAsa bhI sahI dizA me hai / ucchua7 procchaha (udgroti) piichaa| (17) ucchaviyaM - zayanIyam (sajJApada de nA. mA 1-103 -- vistara kA artha dene vAlA yaha zabda avadhI me bichaunA, brajabhASA me bichauna tathA vichaunA eva hindI kI anya voliyo me bhI inhI rUpo me vikasita dekhA jA sakatA hai / (18) ujjaDaM - udvasam (vizepaNa pada) de nA mA. 1-96 hindI me 'ujADa' 'UjaDa' avadhI me Ujara, vrajabhApA me 'ujAra' Adi rUpo me isa zabda kA vikAsa dekhA jA sakatA hai / hemacandra ne isakA prayoga 'sunasAna sthAna' ke artha me kiyA hai| hindI tathA usakI boliyo me bhI isakA yaha artha surakSita hai| bhApA vaijJAnika dRSTi se DkA ra yA Da meM parivartana hindI tathA usakI boliyo me vahutAyata se dekhA jAtA hai| (19) ujjhamaNaM -palAyanam - (sajJA pada) de nA. mA. 1-103 - hindI tathA usakI boliyo me vyavahRta hone vAlA tvarAvAcaka 'jhama' zabda isI zabda se vikasita hogA / jaise 'jhama se uThA liyA', 'jhama se bhAgA' 'jhamaki jharoke jhAki' Adi / (20) uDido - mApaghAnyam -- (sajJApada) de nA mA. 1-98 - yaha zabda khaDI bolI tathA brajabhASA se 'uDada', avadhI aura bhojapurI se 'urida' bundelI me 'uradana' gujarAtI me 'aDada' tathA rAjasthAnI me 'uDida' yA 'uDada' ke rUpa me vikasita hai / yaha apanI prArambhika avasthA se do dAla vAle bIja vizeSa kA vAcaka rahA hai aura Aja bhI usI artha me pracalita hai| (21) uDaDaso - matkuNa (sajJApada) de nA mA 1-96 - bhojaparI me 'uDisa' yA 'uDIsa', vagalA aura maithilI me 'uDIsa' ke rUpa meM vikasita yaha zabda Aja bhI 'khaTamala' kA vAcaka hai| (22) utthallapatthallA (sajJApada) - (zrotthallapatthallA)1 pArzvadvayena parivartanam de nA mA. 11122 hindI me 'uthala-puthala' zabda isI kA vikasita rUpa hai / gujarAtI me yaha zabda 'uthala-pAthala' ke rUpa meM pracalita hai / 'utaoti' se| hemacandra dvArA diyA gayA 'utthallapatyalA' zabda eka sthUla kriyA' idhara-ughara bAra-bAra ulaTanA' kA dyotaka hai| hindI me yaha 'uthala puthala' ke rUpa meM 'halacala' vAcI hokara sUkSma artha dene lagA hai| zabdo ke ima arthavikAsa ke antarAla me eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa tathya nihita hai| pahale azikSita varga meM pracalita 'dezI' zabda sthUla kriyAo kA hI artha dete rahe hoge parantu sabhyatA aura zikSA ke vikAsa ke sAtha hI unhI zabdo me artha gaurava aayaa| abhidhA ke bAda lakSaNA phira vyajanA aura dhvani jaisI zabda zaktiyA sabhya suzikSita manuSya kA vikAsa lagatI haiN| mAdi yuga kA mAnava aura usakI bhASA dono hI kamidhAvAdI rahe hoge|

Page #190
178 ] (22ka) unbukka-pralapita - (sajJApada) de nA mA 1-1 28 - hindI tathA usakI sabhI boliyo me pracalita 'bukkA' zabda jaise 'vukkA phADakara ronA, isI zabda se sambanvita hai| (23) ummaDA - (majJA) balAtkAra - de nA mA. 1-97 - hindI tathA usakI sabhI boliyo me pracalita 'samaDa' vizepaNa pada yA 'umaDanA' kriyA pada isI se vikasita hoNge| jaise 'samaDa-ghumaDa' kara varasanA 'nadI khUba umar3a kara baha rahI hai| Adi / ina dono hI prayogo ke kAraNa antarAla meM' 'balAtkAreNa kArya sampanna hone kI bhAvanA nihita dekhI jA sakatI hai| (24) unbAyo-khinnArya-~-de nA mA -1-102-vrajabhApA aura avadhI kI 'UvanA' kriyA bhojapurI kI 'uvanA' kriyA yA banA isI zabda se vikasita hogii| avadhI koza me isa kriyA ko 'povA' nAmaka bImArI se sambaddha batAyA gayA hai / 'povA' nAmaka bImArI se bhI loga bahuta adhika ghabarA uThate haiM, phira bhI imase 'kavanA' kriyA kA sambandha banAnA upayukta nahIM hai| 'yovA' pada aAja bhI avadhI aura bhojapurI me 'aovA' (bhayAnaka Apatti jo ekAeka AtI hai) ke rUpa meM pracalita hai / ata. 'aovA' se 'UvanA' kriyA kA sambandha joDanA ThIka nahI / dUsarI ora yadi ise tadbhava mAnakara saMskRta ke "udRsa' zabda se vyutpanna batAyA jAye to bhI aneko kaThinAiyA aayeNgii| hindI kA 'UvanA' yA 'uvAU~' zabda 'dezya' 'unbApo' ke adhika samIpa hai| (25) aucchikezavivaraNam de nA mA -1-150-'bajabhASA me prochanA' tathA avadhI me 'poiTanA' kriyA pado ke rUpa meM imakA vikAsa dekhA jA sakatA hai / drajabhASA me isakA mUla artha 'vAla-jhADanA' surakSita hai - mUgdAsa ne 'pochana guhata ...............' Adi rUpo me isakA prayoga kiyA hai| avadhI meM imakA thoDA artha vikAsa ho gayA hai - jaise 'gaDyA koera proDacha lai gai / ' yahA proDachanA' pada 'koI vastu jhaTake se khIca lene kA artha detA hai / vAla bhI khIca aura jhaTaka kara hI mApha kiye jAte hai / kriyA vahI hai mAtra artha vikAsa se viziSTa na raha kara sAmAnya bana gayI hai / aba phira prazna uThatA hai ki yaha zabda 'dezaja' kaise hai - ma meM bhI 'uchi - (mi ko 1-230) ~kriyA vidyamAna hai / usakA bhI artha 'poTanA' yA 'mApha karanA hai', phira isa zabda ko isI dhAtu se vyutpanna kyo na kiyA jAya / isa vivAda ko miTAne ke lie hame anya prArya pUrva bhAratIya bhApAyo kI ora jAnA pdd'egaa| yaha zabda tamila meM uriJju (sApha karanA, miTAnA) kannaDa meM 'uchu' ke rUpa meM milatA hai| saMskRta ke pahale kI bhApAtrI ke

Page #191
[ 179 ina gabda kI vidyamAnatA yaha siddha karatI hai ki yaha zabda saMskRta zabda bhaNDAra kI apanI ustu na hokara apahRta hai / isakA pramANa isI adhyAya me pahale bhI diyA jA cukA hai / aisI sthiti me ise tadbhava na mAnakara 'dezaja' mAnanA hI adhika upayukta hogaa| (26) projharI (tajJApada)-de nA mA. 1-157-hemacandra ne isa zabda kA prayoga garbhAzaya ko Dhake rahanI vAlI patalI jhillI' ke artha me kiyA hai / avagho, bhojapurI tathA 'brajabhASA' tathA hindI kI anya sabhI grAmINa boliyo me yaha zabda 'nokarI' ke rUpa me thoDe dhvani vikAra ke sAtha jyo kA tyo pracalita hai artha bhI vahI hai jo hemacandra ne diyA hai / 'projhara' yA 'projhala' zabda jo chipane ke artha me calate haiM unakA bhI sambandha isa zabda se jor3A jA sakatA hai| (27) proDa DharaNaM - uttarIyam-de. nA mA. 1-155 - brajabhASA-oDhani, o hanI avadhI 'yo DhanI' tathA 'proDhanA, isI zabda ke vikasita rUpa hoge / brajabhASA me yaha dupaTTA (uttarIyavAcI) hI hai| avadhI me yaha sajJA (proDhanI vastra) tathA kiyA (proTanA)dono hI rUpo me pracalita hai / grAmINa voliyo me isakI avasthiti svaya isa zabda ke 'dezIpana' ko vyakta karatI hai| (28) aoluggo ~ sevaka - de nA mA 1-164- brajabhApA kA 'laguvA' aura avadhI kA 'lagayA' ye dono hI isI zabda se vikasita hoge / yaha zabda aise naukara ke artha me calatA hai jo kevala apane svAmI kA hI kAma karatA hai / prAya yaha zabda kAztakAro kA puzta-dara puzta hala jotane vAle majadUro ke artha me prAtA hai / saMskRta 'lagna' zabda se ise vyutpanna karane me paryApta khIca-tAna karanI pdd'egii| (39) polukI ~ channaramaNam - de nA mA 1-153- brajabhASA lukanA, nukano, avadhI 'lukA-nukI' yA lukI-lukA' Adi pada isI se vikasita haiM / 'lukInukA' yA lukA-chipI' kA sela grAmINa bAlako kA atyanta priya khela hai| (30) prollarino - supta - de nA mA - 1-163 - avadhI kA 'polaranA' kriyApada, vrajabhASA kA prolarana (sajJA) tathA 'polarAnA' (preraNArthaka kriyApada) Adi pada isI se vikasita hoge / svarUpagata vikAsa to lagabhaga ThIka dizA me hai para artha me thoDA bheda hai / prAkRta kA 'prollariyo pada 'sotA huA' artha detA hai parantu avaghI aura brajabhASA me vikasita aolaranA yA 'polarAnA' na sote hue bhI 'leTane' ke vAcaka hai / ye zabda 'vizrAma karane ke lie leTane tathA 'sone' dono hI kriyAyo ke vAcaka hai /

Page #192
180 ] (31) promarinaM - alinda ~ de nA mA 1-161 - ghara ke daravAje ke sAmane banI huI kula varasAtI ke artha me yaha zabda pAyA hai / brajabhASA me prosArA avavI me 'zromAra' yA 'mosariyA' zabda isI ke vikamita rUpa hai| sUra brajabhApA koza (pR. 183) me 'posArA' zabda kI vyutpatti 'upazAlA' zabda se dI gayI hai / parantu pratyeka zabda ko ghasITa kara saskRta kI sImA me le jAnA eka svastha manovRtti nahIM hai| (32) prosA - nizAjalam - de nA mA 1-164 - mAnaka hindI tathA usakI sabhI boliyo me pracalita 'posa' zabda rAtri me svataH vapita jala ke artha me pracalita hai / yaha zabda 'mosA' kA hI eka vikasita rUpa hai| Rgveda me bhI eka sthAna para 'avazyAya' zadhda 'bosa' ke artha me pAyA hai / isakA yaha artha nahIM ki mUla rUpa me yaha vaidika saMskRta kA zabda hai| Rgveda meM kitane hI zabda aise haiM jo prAryoM ne anAryoM se liye aura una para apanI sabhyatA, muzikSA aura apane Dhaga ke uccAraNa kI muhara lagA lii| Rgveda me jagaha-jagaha pAryo (devo) aura anAryoM (asuro) ke vIca hone vAle magharpa kI carcA hai| yaha racanA AryoM ne aise samaya ma kI jaba ve vIre-dhIre anAroM kA prabhAva grahaNa karane laga gaye the| aise kitane hI zabda Rgveda yA itaraveTo me anAryoM me grahaNa kiye gaye hoMge anArya yA bhArata ke AdivAsiyo kA koI likhita sAhityika pramANa na milane ke kAraNa hI yaha bhrAnta dhAraNA cala padI ki jitane zabda veda - kama se kama Rgveda meM pAye, ve pAryo ke haiM, parantu Adhunika khojo se yaha spaSTa hotA jA rahA hai ki pAryoM ne anAryoM me bahuta kucha liyA hai| (33) zrosAyo - prahAra pIDA - de nA.mA - 1-152-~-ajamApA aura avadhI dono boliyo kA 'gromAnA' kriyA-pada jo ki bhelane' yA 'mahana karane kA artha detA hai ~ isI se vikasita hogA / apane mUla spa me prahAra kI pIDA kA vovaka yaha zabda artha-vikAsa ke grAvAra para 'pIDA sahana karane yA jhelane' kA vAcaka bana gayA hai / ise saskRta kI 'maha' dhAtu se vyutpanna karanA upayukta nahI hogaa| (34) aohaDaNI -- phalahakArgalA (sanApada) de nA mA. - 1.160-- avadhI kA 'proDayanI' yA 'proDasanI' pada isI me vikramita hai / 'proDaghanI' kA tAtparya 1 denA mA 1-49meM 'bonAga' zanda bhI mAyA hai jimamA ayaM govATa yaryAta gAyo kA TheDA diyA gayA hai| gAvoM meM ghara ke sAmane bane hae onAre meM varamA yA jAr3e ke dinoM meM zanavargakA vAgha diyA jAnA yatimAmAya bAta hai|

Page #193
[ 181 kATha kI aisI lakaDI hai jise daravAjA canda karane me sAkala kI jagaha prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI yaha vikAsa upayukta dizA me hai / ha aura D kA varNa viparyaya tathA ha, ke gha meM parivartana ho jAne se - aohaDaNI 7 proDaghanI rUpa me vikasita ho gayA / prAkRta zabdo me pAga jAne vAlA antya raNa hindI me ca me parivartita ho jAtA hai| __(35) prohariso - ghrAta (vizeSaNapada)-hemacandra ne isa zabda kA prayoga 'bAso' 'mahakI' huI vastu ke vizepaNa rUpa meM kiyA hai / avadhi me 'aoharanA' kriyA 'vAsI paDane' ke artha me hI vyavahRta hotI hai / spaSTa hai ki isakA vikAsa 'mohariso' zabda se huaA hogaa| (36) phaTTArI - kSurikA (sajJApada) - de nA mA - 2-4 - hindI tathA usakI sabhI boliyo me pracalita 'kaTArI' zabda isI se vikasita hogA / saskRta ke 'kartarI' zabda se bhI ise vyutpanna kiyA jA sakatA hai, parantu saskRta kA yaha zabda svaya hI prAkRta zabdo kI prakRti kA dyotana karane vAlA hai / (37) kaDacchu - prayodarvI (sajJApada) de nA. mA 2-7 - hindI tathA usakI mabhI voliyo meM pracalita 'kaDachula' 'karachI' 'karachula' yA 'kalchula' pada isI ke vikasita rUpa haiM / hemacandra ne 'kaDacchu' kA artha pAcana kriyA meM kAma Ane vAle lohe kI banI huI vastu vizeSa' diyA hai / isa zabda ke vikasita rUpa karachI Adi bhI isI artha ke dyotaka hai / antara itanA hI hai ki hemacandra dvArA prayukta mAtra lohe kI 'karachula' kA vAcaka hai javaki isake vikasita rUpa kisI mI dhAtu se banI huI karachula ke lie pAte haiN| (38) kando - mUla zAkam (sajJApada) - de nA mA 2-1 - saskRta hindI, bagalA, tathA maithilI Adi meM pracalita 'kanda' zavda isI zabda se sambaddha hogA / nizcita hI 'kanda' jaisI vastu kA pracalana pAryoM ke Ane ke pahale hI se rahA hogaa| (39) kaMDo - kSINa - de nA mA 2-51 - hindI tathA lagabhaga usakI sabhI voliyo meM pracalita 'kaDA' zabda isI kA vikAsa mAnA jA sakatA hai| 'kaDA' kA artha sUkhA huyA (vizeSatayA) govara hotA hai / 'kaDo' zabda kA anya artha 'mRta' bhI hai / isa artha me bhI 'kaDA' pada kA vyavahAra hotA hai - jaise 'vaha kaDA ho gayA' arthAt mara gyaa| yahA zabda ke svarUpagata vikAsa ke sAtha hI usame thoDA sA arthagata vikAsa bhI nihita hai|

Page #194
182 ] (40) phatavAro tathA kayAro - tRNAdya tkara . (sanApada) de nA mA 2111 - hindI tathA usakI sabhI voliyo me pracalita 'katavAra' tathA 'kavADa' pada inhI dono zabdo se vikamita hoMge / hemacandra inakA artha tRNamamUha dete haiM-vikasita rUpa meM 'ktavAra' tathA 'kavADa' pada bhI 'ghAsa tathA kUDe kacare ke Dhera' kA artha dete haiM / 'katavAra' zabda to jyo kA tyo vinA kisI dhvanyAtmaka parivartana ke pracalita hai, parantu kayAra' pada apanI vikasita avasthA taka kucha dhvanyAtmaka parivartano se yukta hokara pahuMcA hai| 'kayAra' ke 'ya' kA 'va' phira 'va' kA 'va' tathA 'ra' kA 'Da' hokara 'kavADa' pada banA hai| prAkRto se hindI me vikasita gabdo meM ye dhvani parivartana ati sAmAnya hai| (41) karillaM - vazAhakuram (sanApada) de nA mA 2-10 - hindI bhASA-bhApI gAvo me Aja bhI vAsa ke phUTate hue akura ko 'kara la' yA 'karaila' (avadhI) kahA jAtA hai / yaha zabda 'karilla' kA hI vikasita rUpa hai| (42) kallA- madyam, (saMjApada) de nA. mA - 2-2 - 'hindI tathA usakI voliyo me pracalita jAti vizepa kA bodhaka 'kalAra' yA 'kalavAra' pada isI zabda se mabaddha mAnA jA sakatA hai| aisI prasiddhi hai ki 'kalAvAra' nAma kI eka jAti vizeSa pahale madirA banAtI aura usakA vyavasAya bhI karatI thii| kallA (madirA) ke vyavasAya ke AdhAra para hI isa jAti kA nAma 'kalAra' yA 'kalavAra' paDA hogaa| (43) kalhoDI - vatsatarI - (sajJApada) de nA mA 2-9 - hindI tathA usakI lagabhaga sabhI voliyo me gAya kI vachiyA ke artha me 'kalora' yA 'kalorI' pada kA vyavahAra hotA hai / ye pada uparyukta 'dezya' zabda 'kalhoDI' ke hI vikasita rUpa hoNge| (44) kAhAro - jalAdivAhI karmakara (sajJApada) de nA mA -2-27mAnaka hindI brajabhApA-avarga tathA anya voliyo me bhI 'kahAra' zabdo utsavo yA 'kallA' pada dezya na hopara tadbhava hai aura maskRta 'kalyA' zabda kA vikRta rUpa hai / yaha bhI kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai| hemacandra svaya bhI likhate haiM -"pallA zabda klyA zanda bhavospvasti / mata kvInA nAti pramiddha / " ve isa zabda ko mamkRta meM hote hae bhI kaviyo me pramiddha na hone ke kAraNa 'dezya' mAnate hai| yaha to kAmacalAU taka havA / merI dRSTi meM yaha manda de' hI hai kyo ki' 'tamila' meM bhI 'kal' zabda madirA ke vayaM me prayakta habA hai| ina prasAra meM Aryetara tattva mAnA jAnA cAhie / mUra granamASA koSa meM 'kahAra' gAnda ko tadabhava mAnA gayA hai aura TamakI do vyatpattiyA pI gayI haiM (1) mka dhamAra (2) ka - jana, hAra - lAne vaalaa| jahA taka kahAra zabda po 'mya camAra' manda meM bhyutpanna karane kI bAta hai vaha kimI hada taka ThIka bhI mAnI jA ganI hai - isakA sambaghavaghe para pAnakI Dhone vAle naukaroM se dikhAyA jA sakatA hai| parantu dUsarI vyutpatti to atyanta hAmyAspada hai| pratyeka zabda ko saskRta taka ghamITa le jAne pA vidvAnoM kA yaha moha patA nahIM kaba chuuttegaa|

Page #195
[ 183 sAmAnya dino meM bhI pAnI Dhokara lAne vAle 'naukara' kA vAcaka hai / pAlakI Adi Dhokara le jAne vAle naukara ko bhI kahAra' hI kahate hai| yahI zabda Age cala kara karma ke AdhAra para nirmita eka jAti vizeSa kA vAcaka bana gayA / (45) kukkuso-dhAnyAditupa (sajJApada) de nA. mA. 2-36 - hindI 'kanakUkama' muhAvare kA 'kUkasa' zabda 'kukkasa' kA hI vikasita rUpa hai / avadhI me yaha zanda 'kukkusa' yA 'kUkusa' dono hI rUpo me pracalita hai / (46) ku daro - kRza (vizeSaNa pada) de nA mA 2-37 - hindI me yaha zabda "kuda' rUpa me jyo kA tyo pracalita hai| artha bhI lagabhaga vahI hai - jaise kunda buddhi-vAlA (manda yA kamajora buddhi) vyakti / (47) kullaDa ~~ laghubhANDam (sajJApada) de nA mA 2-63 - hindI tathA usakI boliyo me vyavahata hone vAlA 'kulhaDa' zabda isI se vikasita hai / yaha zabda 'miTTI ke choTe bartana' kA artha detA hai / avadhI ke kucha grAmINa kSetro me 'kohalA' zabda bhI calatA hai| (48) koilA - kASThADagAra :- (sajJApada) de. nA mA 2 49 - mAnaka hindI meM 'koyalA' avadhI me 'koilA' Adi rUpo me yaha zabda Aja bhI pracalita hai / hindI me i kA ya (yaNa vidhAna) ho gayA hai, parantu avadhI me yaha zabda jyo kA tyo 'o' ke uccAraNa ko halakA kara 'koilA' ke rUpa me calatA hai| (49) kolhupro - ikSunipIDanayatram (sajJA) de nA mA. 2-65 - hindI tathA isakI sabhI boliyo me pracalita 'kolhU' zabda isI se savaddha hai / 'kolhU' eka yatra vizepa hai jisase Ikha aura tela kI perAI kI jAtI hai / pahale yaha patthara kA banA huaA hotA thaa| (50) khaTTa ~ tImanam - (vizepaNapada) de nA mA - 2-67 - hindI tathA usakI sabhI voliyo me vyavahRta 'khaTTA' vizepaNapada isI kA vikasita rUpa hai| sU. bhA ko pRSTha 320 para 'khaTTA' pada kI vyutpatti saMskRta ke 'kaTu' zabda se dI gayI yUropIya bhASAo kI pratinidhi bhApA agrejI me bhI ' zabda kA milanA yaha saketita karatA hai ki yaha malabhAropIya bhASA kA zabda hogA / sU. va bhA ko 300 para isa zabda ko tadbhava mAnakara 'kokila' zabda se isakI atihAsyAspada vyutpatti dI gayI hai| tamila me 'kola' kriyA pada jAna se mAra DAlane ke artha me milatA hai| prAcIna kAla me aparAdhiyo ko patthara ke kolhao me peravAkara maravA DAlane kI aneko kathAe milatI haiM / isa tathya ko dRSTi rakhate hue tamila' ke kola' kriyA pada se isakA sambandha joDA jA sakatA hai|

Page #196
1841 hai / yaha vyutpatti na to dhvanyAtmaka vikAsa kI dRSTi se aura na hI arthagata vikAsa kI dRSTi se upayukta hai / kaTu se kaDuvA zabda vanA hai| artha bhI vahI hai para kaTu se 'khaTTA' zabda kisI bhI prakAra vyutpanna nahI kiyA jA sktaa| dono me arthagata bheda bhI hai| (51) khaTikko - zaunika (sajJApada) de nA. mA. 2-70 - hindI kA jAtivAcI 'khaTika' pada isI se vikasita hai / antara kevala itanA hai ki isakA artha thoDA parivartita ho gayA hai| kahI-kahI to yaha vidhika' kA hI artha detA hai parantu kucha sthAno para yaha zAka sabjI kA vyApAra karane vAlI jAti kA bodhaka hai / draviDa bala kI telagu bhASA me bhI 'kaTika' (Katik) zabda kA prayoga isI artha meM huyA hai / ata Aryetara bhASA kA zabda hone se ise 'dezya' mAna lenA upayukta eva tarkasagata hogaa| 152) khaDDA ~ khAni. (sajJApada) de nA mA - 2-66 -- mAnaka hindI tathA usakI sabhI voliyo me 'khaDDA' 'khaDDa' 'gaDDhA' 'gar3hA' Adi pada vyavahRta hote haiM / ye sabhI zabda spaSTa hI 'khaDDA' ke hI vividha vikasita rupa haiM / ina pado ko saskRta 'khAta' 1 pada se vyutpanna mAnanA upayukta nahIM hai| (53) khalI -- tilapiNDikA - (sajJApada)- de nA. mA 2 66 - hindI 'khalI' avadhI tathA brajabhApA 'kharI, 'khalI' ke rUpa me ye zabda jyo kA tyo vikasita hai / saMskRta me bhI 'khali' zabda isI artha me AyA hai para ise saskRta kA hI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / draviDa kula kI kaI bhApAyo me yaha zabda milatA hai / tamila kalanukannaDa kaDha (Kala) purjI kalI, kuyI-kalAi / ina sabhI bhASAoM meM vargIya mahAprANa dhvaniyA nahIM hai / ata inakA uccAraNa ta0-khalanu, ka0-khala, parjI - 'khalI' kuyI'khalAI' bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai / ina pramANo ke prAcAra para nizcaya hI 'khalI' zabda prAryetara bhApAyo kI dena hai / parjI me to yaha uccAraNa bheda ke sAtha jyo kA tyo vidyamAna hai| (54) khAimA ~ parikhA - (sajJApada) de. nA mA - 2-73 - hindI tathA usakI prAya mamI boliyo me pracalita 'khAI' yA khAI pada isI meM vikasita hoMge / ayaM bhI eka hI hai-'kile yA kheta ke cAro aura surakSA ke lie banA huA gheraa|' 1. mUyamA ko, 4321 para 'saDA' zanda ko saskRta 'vAta' se vyutpanna mAnakara tadbhava yo poTi meM rakhA gayA hai|

Page #197
[ 185 (55) khuTTaHtruTitam (vizepaNa pada) de nA mA - 2-14 - hindI meM pracalita dhvanivAnI 'khuTa' zabda jaise 'khuTa' se TUTa jAnA yA 'khaTa' zabda - jaise 'khaTa' se giranA (isame bhI TUTakara girane kA bhAva nihita hai), isI prakAra brajabhASA meM prayukta 'khuTakanA' (toDanA) tathA avadhI me 'kuTukanA' (toDanA) kriyApada, ye sabhI upayukta zabda se hI vikasita hue hoge / grAmINa voliyo me inakA prayoga vAhulya hI unake 'dezItva' ko siddha karane ke lie paryApta hai| vAlako dvArA vyavahRta 'khuTTI' (karanA) zabda bhI isI se sambaddha kiyA jA sakatA hai / (56) khoTTI - - dAsI - majJApada) de. nA mA. 2-77 - hindI tathA usakI voliyo me vyavahRta 'khoTa' 'khoTI' 'khoTA' prAdi pada isI zabda se vikasita kahe jA sakate haiM / hemacandra ne 'khoTTI' zabda kA prayoga 'dAsI' ke artha me kiyA hai / dAsiyo meM nihita beImAnI tathA duSTatA kI bhAvanA ke kAraNa Age calakara yaha sajJApada lakSaNa yA vizeSaNa ke rUpa me vyavahRta hone lagA hogA / ba bhA. sU ke, pR. 352 para isa zabda ko saskRta 'khoTa' se niSpanna mAnakara tadbhava kI koTi me rakhA gayA hai, parantu 'khoTa' zabda kA saskRta zabda bhaNDAra se sambaddha honA bhI sadagdhitA se rahita nahIM hai / pAiasaddamahaNNava me bhI isa zabda ko 'dezya' hI mAnA gayA hai / (57) khosalayo - dantura (vizeSaNa pada) de nA. mA 2-77 - hindI me 'khUsaTa' tathA avadhI me 'khosaDA' zabda isI ke vikasita rUpa hoge / ye zabda 'asabhya' yA 'bhadde pana' kA artha dete haiM / kahI-kahI Akroza me kahe jAne para inase napu saka kA artha bhI dhvanita hotA hai / hemacandra 'khosalano' kA artha bar3e dA~ta vAlA yA bhaddA vyakti dete haiM / Age calakara hindI me isakA artha-vikAsa ho gayA aura yaha bhadde pana yA buddha pana ke artha me calane lgaa| (58) gaDDarI-chAgI (sajJApada) de nA mA 2-84 - hindI gaDariyA 'braja tathA avadhI' gaDeriyA jAtivAcI pada isI zabda se sabaddha kiye jA sakate haiM / 'gaDDarI' (bheDa yA bakarI) kA pAlana karane ke kAraNa hI bAda me vyavasAya ke AdhAra para eka jAti kA nAma hI 'gaDariyA' paDa gyaa| (59) gaDDI - gantrI (sajJA-pada) de nA mA. 2-81 - hindI tathA lagabhaga umakI sabhI boliyoM me 'gADI' zabda 'vAhana' ke artha me pracalita hai| pajAbI meM to yaha jyo kA tyo pracalita hai / saskRta 'zakaTa' yA 'gantrI' zabdo se isakI vyutpatti sambhava nahI hai / isake viparIta kannaDa me 'gADi' zabda isI artha me milatA hai prata bahuta kucha sambhAvanA hai ki yaha Aryetara bhASApro kI sampatti ho|

Page #198
___186 ] In (60) gocchA ~ majarI (sajJApada) de. nA mA 2-15 - hindI tathA umakI sabhI boliyo me 'gucchA' zabda vyavahRta hotA hai / saskRta me bhI 'gucchA' zabda isI artha me milatA hai / ata isa zabda kI sthiti sadindha hai| bhArata kI prAryatara bhApAyo me pramukha tamila me 'kotta' zabda isI artha me AyA hai| khIca-tAna kara isame isa zabda ko vyutpanna kiyA jA sakatA hai parantu isa zabda ko tadbhava hI mAnanA adhika upayukta lagatA hai| . (61) golAmakhI (manApaTa) de nA mA 2-104-rAjasthAnI kA dAsIvAcaka 'golI' zabda isI se vikasita hogaa| (62) govara - karIpam (sajJApada) de nA mA 2-96 hindI tathA usakI sabhI boliyo kA 'govara' pada isI se vikasita hai antara kevala itanA hI hai ki hemacandra ne isakA prayoga mUkhe hue govara (kaDe yA upale) ke artha me kiyA hai java ki isakA vikasita artha jAnavaro dvArA vijita mala mAtra kA vAcaka hai / (63) gaMDorI-ikSukhaNDam (sajJApada) de nA mA 2-82-hindI tathA usakI sabhI boliyo me vyavahRta hone vAle 'gaDelI' 'gaDerI' tathA 'gaDIrI' pada isI zabda ke vikasita rUpa haiM / inakA artha bhI eka hI hai| (64) gharaghara-jaghanasthavastrabheda. (sajJApada) de. nA mA 2-107-hindI 'ghAgharA' avadhI braja 'ghagharA' 'ghavarI tathA rAjasthAnI 'ghAgharA' ye sabhI pada uparyukta zabda ke hI vikasita rUpa haiM / iname arthagata mAmya to hai hii| inakA vyanyAtmaka vikAsa bhI vyAkaraNa sammata hai| (65) ghallI-anuraktaH (vizeSaNa pada) de nA mA 2-105-hindI me 'ghAyala' avadhI tathA brajabhASA me 'ghAila' pada 'mohita yA coTa khAyA hayA' ke artha me pracalita hai / ye 'ghAlI' zabda ke hI vikasita rUpa hoNge| tamina 'kAta' sunkRta (uccAraNa godda bhI) meM hindI kI voniyo me nyavahRta hone vAle 'ghoTa' yA ghodA' ganda ko mabaddha kiyA jA sakatA hai-jaise thAma kA ghoda yA vAdA (gucchaa)| 'pallI' manda meM 'ghAyala' yA 'ghAina' pada kA vikAma dhvanyAmmaka dRSTi meM upayukna nahIM hai parantu aise myatoM para eka tayya ko dhyAna meM rakhanA yAvazyaka hai / dezI zabdo ke dhvani vizAma kI koI paramparA nahIM hai| bahuta dinoM taka bola-cAla meM rahane ke kAraNa mAMga manamAne Dhaga meM inakA prayoga karate rahe haiN| ata vikAsa kI eka paramArA nizcita para pAnA savayA paTina hI nahIM yamammava tathA kAlpanika bhI hogaa|

Page #199
[ 187 (66) ghaTTo-nadItIrtham- (majJApada de nA. mA 2-111-hindI kA 'ghATa' gada unI se vikasita hai / satkRta me bhI 'ghATa' zabda milatA hai parantu vahuta phaDa nambhAvanA hai ki yaha zabda masta meM prAkRta se prAyA ho / (67) ghughutmaya - sAzakabhariNatam (sajJApada) de. nA. mA -2-109-hindI meM prayukta dindhI' zabda jane-ghigghI badha jAnA (Dara ke mAre vola na pAnA) isI se vikasita mAnA jA ragAtA hai| (68) ghugharato-utkAraH (rAjA) de nA. mA 2-109-hindI tathA usakI nabhI bIniyoM meM 'ghara' zabda kUDe kA Tera lagAye jAne vAle sthAna ke artha me pracalita hai| kA vizAla spaSTa hI 'ghu ghuro' pada me huyA hogaa| (69) caga cAra (diyopaNa) de nA mA 3.1-hindI, braja tathA avadhI sabhI meM pracalita 'cagA' (acchA, bhalA mundara) zabda kA vikAsa isI zabda se huprA hai| (70; caTU dArahatta. (sajJA) de nA mA 3-1-hindI tathA usakI prAya nabhI boliyo me 'caTU' zabda jyo kA tyo pracalita hai| yaha lakaDI kA banatA hai aura karI yA karahula kI taraha isakA prayoga hotA hai / pravadhI me ise hI 'davilA' bhI kahte haiN| (71) cAulA-taNDulA (sajJA) de nA mA 3-8-hindI me 'cAvala' tathA avaghI me 'cAura' zabda isI zabda se vikasita hai / (72) cillarI-mazaka (sajJA) de nA. mA 3-11-hindI kI sabhI voliyo me kapaDe meM par3hane vAle gande kIDo ke lie 'cIlara' yA 'cillara' zabda kA prayoga hotA hai| (73) cillo-vAlapha (sajJA) de nA mA 3-10-hindI tathA usakI mabhI voliyo me 'celA' zabda zipya ke artha me prayukta hotA hai| isa zabda kA sambandha 'cillo' zabda se hI honA cAhie / sUra vrajabhASA koza pR0 526 para celA zabda ko saskRta 'ceTaka' se vyutpanna mAnA gayA hai (sa0 ceTaka 7 prA0 ceDaa7 ceDA7 celA) parantu yaha upayukta nahIM hai| bAlakavAcI 'cillo' zabda hI 'celA' pada ke mUla me hai, vAlako ko bacapana me hI dIkSA dekara ziSya banA liyA jAtA thA / ataH dono me arthagata dUrI bhI nahIM hai| isake atirikta pithoragaDhI-kumAyu nI bhASA me 'celA' zabda bAlaka yA laDake kA hI vAcaka hai-jaise-'celo SaDAla laDake ko sulA / avaghI me yaha zabda 'cerA' tathA 'cyAlA' Adi rUpo me pracalita hai /

Page #200
188 ] (74) coTTI-cUDA-zikhA (sajJA) de nA mA.-3 1-hindI tathA usakI sabhI voliyo me 'coTI' 'coTaiyA' 'cuTaI' Adi pada zikhA ke artha me vyavahRta hote haiM / ye sabhI uparyukta zabda ke hI vikasita rUpa haiN| ina zabdo ko saskRta 'cUDA'' se vyutpanna mAnanA upayukta nahIM hai kyoki saskRta me 'cUDA' zabda kI svaya kI sthiti hI sadigva hai / draviDa kula kI lagabhaga sabhI prasiddha mApAtro tamilakannaDa tathA malayAlama grAdi me isa zabda kI upasthiti yaha siddha karane ke lie paryApta hai ki yaha prArya bhApA kA zabda nahI hai| tamila me 'coTI' ke lie 'cuTu' (ise zuddha bhI paDhA jA sakatA hai| kannaDa me suTha tathA malayAlama me 'cuTuka' zabda milate haiM / aisI sthiti me hindI kA 'coTI' zabda nizcita rUpa se tadbhava na hokara prAryatara bhApAyo se prApta tathA yuga yago me vyavahRta hone vAlA 'dezya' pada hai / (75) chahallo, chaliyo-vidagya de. nA. mA.-3-24-hindI tathA usakI sabhI voliyo meM pracalita 'chailA' tathA 'chaliyA' pada inhI Tono zabdo se vikasita hoge / va. mA sU. kopa meM khelA zabda kI vyutpatti sa chavi-+-ailA (pratyaya) se dI gayI hai| isI taraha 'chaliyA' zabda kI vyutpatti saskRta chala+iyA (pratyaya) se dI gayI hai / parantu ye dono hI vyutpattiyA pUrvAgrahagrasta haiN| ina zabdo ke prayoga kA vAtAvaraNa hI yaha siddha karane ke lie paryApta hai ki ye dono 'dezya' zabda haiM / (76) challI-svak (sajJA) de nA. mA 3-24-hindI tathA avaghI me 'chAla' pada imI se vikasita hoge / vrajamApA me to yaha zabda jyo kA tyo 'challI' rUpa me calatA hai / 'TallI' zabda samkRta meM bhI hai, parantu vahA yaha nizcita hI prAkRta se gayA hogaa| (77) chiTolI-laghujalapravAhaH (sajJA) de nA mA 3-27-hindI me pracalita 'chichalA' zabda imI se vikasata hogaa| dono kA artha bhI lagabhaga eka hI hai / lakSaNayA isI zabda se chichora, chichoDa (chalkA, dupTa) prAdi pado ko bhI nippanna kiyA jA sakatA hai / 1 ya mA mU ko ( 528 2 pR. 263 3. sUda mA ko, 1 544 de nA mA 266 meM 'munnA' zabda camaM ke mayaM meM yAyA hai| hindI tayA usakI boliyo meM pracalida 'mAya' (camaDA) pada mI madada kara vikamitarUpa hai|

Page #201
[ 189 (78) chiNNAlI chiNNAlo-jAra (vizeSaNa) de nA mA. 3-27-hindI tathA usakI voliyo me caritra bhraSTa tathA kAmI strI-puruSo ke lie prayukta hone vAle 'chinAla 'chinAra' (pravadhI) chinarA yAdi pada inhI zabdo se vikasita hoge / saskRta 'chinnalAja ' se inhe vyutpanna karanA upayukta na hogaa| (79) DaeNDI- laghurathyA (sajJA) de. nA. mA 3-31-ajabhASA me 'cheDI' zabda sakare eva choTe rAste ke lie prayukta hotA hai / yaha spaSTa hI 'cheDI' zabda kA vikasita rUpa hai| (80) jagA-gocara bhUmi (sajJA) de nA. mA-3-40-hindI-'jagala' zabda ko isase vikasita mAnA jA sakatA hai| brajabhASA me 'jagala' zabda jala rahita bhUmi ke ayaM me bhI pracalita hai| (81) joNNaliyA-ghAnyam (sajJA) de nA mA 3-50 brajabhASA juNarI, junage, avaghI jonharI bhojapurI janarI, rAjasthAnI me jogarI yA jugarI tathA kucha boliyo me jogarA yA janerA zabda eka dhAnya vizepa ke artha meM prayukta hote haiN| ye sabhI zabda upayukta dezya zabda ke hI vikasita rUpa haiN| (82) jADo-gulmam (sajJA) de nA mA. 3-15-hindI 'jhADI' zabda isI kA vikasita rUpa hai| (83) jhADaM-latAgahanam (sajJA) de nA mA 3 57-hindI kA 'jhADa' zabda imI kA vikasita rUpa hogA / saskRta "jhATa' zabda bhI prAkRta kA zabda honA caahie| (84) jhaki -vacanIyam (cuppA) (vizeSaNa) de. nA mA 3-55hindI kA jhakkI zabda isI se vikasita hogaa| isame alpa dhvanyAtmaka vikAsa ke sAtha hI thoDI mAtrA me arthagata vikAsa bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai / (85) jha kharo-zuSkataru (sajJA) de nA bhA. 3-54-hindI 'jhakhADa' avadhI, 'jhAkhara' Adi zabda isI ke vikasita rUpa haiN| yahA thor3A sA arthavikAsa huyA hai / hemacandra 'jhakhara' zabda kA prayoga 'sUkhe vRkSa' ke artha me karate haiM --jaba ki hindI me 'jhaMkhADa' yA avadhI me 'jhAkhara' pado kA prayoga peDa ko kATa kara DAla dI gayI sUkhI DAliyo ke samUha tathA anya kaTIlI jhADiyo prAdi ke artha me hotA hai /

Page #202
190 ] (86) jhakho-tuSTa (vizeSaNa) de. nA. mA 3-53 hindI tathA usakI voliyo me pracalita jhakhanA (parezAna honA, tarasanA) kriyApada kA sambandha isa zabda se jor3A jA sakatA hai| parantu apanI vikamAvasthA meM isakA artha vilkula ulaTa gayA hai / zabdo ke artha vikAma me yaha koI navIna ghaTanA nahI hai / ava buddhimattA aura jJAna kA vAcaka 'buddha' zabda apanI lavI yAtrA ke bAda 'buddha' ke rUpa me ekadama viparIta artha dene lagA, to satuSTi vAcaka (jhagva) zabda lambe antarAla ke bAda ulaTa kara asatuSTi vAcaka bana gayA to isame Azcarya nahIM honA caahie| (87) jhaDI-nirantara vRSTi (satrA) de nA mA. 3-53-hindI me 'maDI' tathA avadhI me 'jharI' Adi lpo me isI zabda kA vikAsa huA hai / yaha zabda jyo kA tyoM tamila me bhI milatA hai / vahA 'jaDi' zabda pAtA hai| vargIya mahAprANa dhvaniyo ke abhAva me isakA uccAraNa 'jhADa' bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai / (88) jhamAla-indranAlam-(sajJA) de. nA mA 3-53-hindI tathA usakI sabhI voliyo me 'bhamelA' pada vyavahRta hotA hai| yaha zabda samajha me na Ane vAle kRtya yA jhamaTa kA vAcaka hai / dhvanigata aura arthagata samIpatA ko dekhate hue isakA sambandha uparyukta zabda se jor3A jA sakatA hai| (89) bhalusina-dagdham (vizeSaNa) de nA. mA 3-56-hindI 'jhulasanA' vrajabhASA tathA avadhI 'jhosanA' 'bhasanA' kriyA pada imI zabda se vikasita hoMge / 'bhAmanA' aura 'bhau~sanA' to isake aura bhI samIpa haiM "bhulasanA' bhI mAna 'u' kAra parivartana se samIpa hI hai| sarakRta 'jvala' yA 'bhala' pado se isakI vyutpatti kyo na hogii| (90) jhaso-ayaza (dizepaNa) de. nA mA 3-60-avavI me 'jhA~sa' zabda dupTa aura veImAna vyakti ke vizepaNa ke rUpa meM prayukta hotA hai-yaha zabda spaSTa hI "mAso' kA vikasita rUpa hai| (91) jhaTa-alIkam (sajJA) de nA mA. 3-58-hindI tathA umakI sabhI boliyo me (bhUTha) zabda vyavahRta hotA hai vaha isI pada kA vikasita rUpa hai / (92) nara-kuTilam (vizeSaNa) de nA mA 3-59-avadhI meM 'jhUra zabda mUbA huyA kA artha detA hai / duSTa vyakti bhI atyanta rukSa hI hotA hai / ata pahale kRTilatA kA vAcaka yaha zabda artha vikAsa paramparA me lakSaNayA 'rakSatA' (namepana) kA vodhaka ho gayA hogaa|

Page #203
/ 191 (93) Tikka TipI-tinakam 'majJA) de. nA mA. 4 3-hindI 'TIkA' TipakI yA "TippI' zabda inhI zabdo ke vikAsa hai / saskRta kA 'TIkA' zabda prAkRta se liyA gayA honA caahie| 194) devakara-sthala (phaDI jamIna) (sajJA) de nA. mA. 4-3-gravadhI me 'ThekAra' yA 'Thokkara' zabda kaDI va patharIlI bhUmi ke artha me prayukta hue hai / hindI ke 'Thokara' zabda ke mUla meM bhI ye hI zabda hai / ina zabdo kA sambandha 'Tekkara' se joDA jA sakatA hai| (95) TaTTayA-tiraskariNI (pardA) (sajJA) de nA mA 4 1-hindI 'TaTTI' avadhI tayA braja 'TaTiyA' zabda isI ke vikasita rUpa hai antara kevala itanA hI hai ki hemacandra ne isakA prayoga kapar3e ke bane parde ke artha me kiyA hai jaba ki isake vikanita spa ghAsa-phUsa ke bane hue proTa karane ke sAdhana vizeSa ke vAcaka hai| (96) Thallo-- nirdhana * (vizeSaNa) de nA mA 4-5 - hindI me 'ThallA' 'nikalA' Adi pada isI ke vikasita rUpa hai| avadhI ke 'uThallU' zabda kA sambandha bhI isI se jor3A jA sakatA hai| hemacandra ne isakA prayoga nirdhana yA daridra ke artha me kiyA hai / hindI me yaha zavda akarmaNyatA asamarthatA tathA Alasya Adi kA vAcaka hokara vistRta arya dhAraNa karane vAlA bana gayA hai, phira bhI isake antarAla me mUla artha nihita dekhA jA sakatA hai / ' (97) Thikka- ziznam (sajJA) de nA mA 4-5 - hindI kI grAmINa poliyo me pracalita 'ThegA' zabda isI zabda kA vikasita rUpa hai| mUla me azlIlatA hone ke kAraNa zizna ke svarUpa gata sAmya ke AdhAra para 'TheMgA' zabda ' gUThe' kA vAcaka ho gayA hai / parantu yaha sabhya samAja dvArA Aropita artha hai, gAvo me isa zabda phA artha aba bhI zizna hI hai / 198) Dalo- loSTa' (sajJA) de. nA mA 4-7 -- hindI me 'DalA' yA 'DalI' zabda tathA avadhI me 'DhelA' zabda miTTI ke piNDIkRta miTTI ke TukaDe ke vAcaka haiN| ye sabhI zabda 'Dalo' ke hI vikasita rUpa hone caahie| (99) DaMDo-DaDI - mArga (sajA) de. nA. mA 4-8 - hindI tathA usakI sabhI boliyo me DaDI (jaise pagaDaDI) zabda jyo kA tyo choTe eva sakare. mArga ke liye pracalita hai / 'Da Dao' pada avadhI me 'DADa' (kheto para banAye gaye meDa, jo

Page #204
192 ] pAnI rokane ke sAtha hI rAste kA kAma bhI dete hai) zabda ke rUpa me vikasita dekhA jA sakatA hai| (100) DAlI- zAkhA (sanA) de. nA. mA 4-9 - hindI 'DAlI' 'DAla' prAdi pada isI se sabaddha haiM / avaghI me 'DAra' ke rUpa me isame thoDA dhvani parivartana humA hai / saskRta ke 'dala' zabda se isakI vyutpatti prAya : asambhava sI hai / (101)vo- zvapaca : (majJA) de nA mA 4-11 - hindI me 'Doma' zabda eka aspRzya jAti vizeSa ke artha me pracalita dekhA jA sakatA hai| (102) DolA- zivikA (sanA) de nA mA 4-11 - hindI me tathA lagabhaga usakI sabhI boliyo me 'DolA' yA 'DolI' zabda pAlakI (eka vAhana vizeSa) ke artha meM prayukta hue haiM / saskRta 'dolA' zabda me bhI ise vyutpanna kiyA jA sakatA hai| (103) DhaMkaragI- pidhAnikA - (sajJA) de nA 1 4-14 -hindI 'Dhakkana' 'DhakanI' - avadhI tathA vraja 'DhakanA' 'DhakanI' Adi pada DhakaraNI' ke hI vikasita rUpa haiM / isa zabda ke vikasita rUpa (jase DhakanA) sajJA aura kriyA dono hI rUpo meM pracalita haiN| (104) kI- valAkA (dhAna prAdi kUTane kA upakaraNa) (sajJA) de nA mA 4-15-DekI'- zabda apane prAcIna artha me hI aAja bhI hindI tathA usakI anya voliyo me pracalita hai| (105) DheMkA- kUpatulA (sajJA) de nA mA 4-17 - hindI 'kA' 'Dhekula' yA' DheMkulI' kue se pAnI nikAlane vAlI cI ke artha me pracalita hai| (106) ekko-brANam (makSA) de nA mA 4-46 - hindI 'nAka' zabda isI kA vikasita rUpa hai ise saskRta 'nAsikA' se vyutpanna karane meM paryApta khIcatAna karanI pdd'egii| (107) NatyA-nAsArajju (sajJA) de. nA mA 4-17 - hindI 'nAtha' 'nAyA' yA 'nathAna' zabda imI ke vikamita rUpa haiM / nAka cheda kara pahane jAne vAle prAbhUpaNa vizeSa 'natha' yA 'nathunI' (nathanI bhI) kA sambandha bhI isI zabda se jona jA sakatA hai| (108) taragaM- sUtra (sajJA) de nA mA. 5-1 - hindI 'tAgA' (sUtra) zabda isI zabda kA vikasita rUpa hai|

Page #205
[ 193 (109) taDaphaDina - paritazcalitam (vizeSaNa) de nA mA 5.9 - hindI 'taDaphar3AnA' kriyApada yA tvarAvAcI taDaphaDa' vizeSaNa pada isI zabda ke vikAsa (110) taharI-pakilA surA (sajJA) de. nA mA 5-2 - avadhI me 'taharI' zabda thoDe artha parivartana ke sAtha pracalita hai / yahA isakA artha dera taka Aga para caDhAyA gayA vartana hai| zarAba cU ki bahuta dera taka Aga para bartana caDhA kara nikAlI jAtI hai isIlie dera taka Aga para caDhAye gaye vartana ko 'taharI' kahA jAne lagA hogaa| (111) tallaM- palvala (sajJA) de nA mA 5-19 - hindI 'tAla' yA tilayA' zabdo ke mUla me yahI zabda hai / (112) tAlA- lAjAH (bhunA huA anAja) (sajJA) de. nA mA 5-10 - hindI tathA usakI voliyo me pracalita 'talanA' kriyApada isI zabda se sabaddha mAnA jA sakatA hai - jaise 'talA humA canA' antara kevala itanA hI hai ki mUla 'tAlA' zabda kA artha 'pAga me bhunI huI vastu' hai jaba ki talanA kriyA tela Adi ke mAdhyama se bhUnane kI kriyA kA dyotana karatI hai / (113) tulasI-suralatA - (sajJA) de nA mA 5-4 hindI tathA usakI sabhI voliyo me 'tulasI' zabda eka paudhe ke liye pracalita hai| (114) tharaharinaM- kapitam (vizeSaNa) de nA mA 5-27 - hindI 'dharathara' kriyA vizeSaNa (jaise thara-thara kApanA) isI zabda se sabaddha kiyA jA sakatA (115) thAho- sthAnam gambhIra jalam (sajJA) nA, de, mA, 5-3 - hindI 'thAha' tathA 'athAha' dono hI isI zabda se vikasita hoge / pAnI kI gaharAI nApakara usakI talIya bhUmi kA patA lagAnA 'thAha lenA' kahalAtA hai / isI prakAra atala gaharAI vAle jala ko 'athAha' kahate haiM, isa prakAra dono hI zabda uparyukta 'dezya' zabda se sambaddha kiye jA sakate haiM / (116) thUho- prAsAda zikharam - valbhIkam (sajJA) nA, de, mA, 5-32, hindI tathA usakI boliyo me pracalita 'ThUha' yA DhUha zabda isI se vikasita huA hogaa| U ce sthAna ke lie tathA dImako kI bAvI Adi ke lie bhI 'DhUha' zabda kA vyavahAra hotA hai|

Page #206
194 ] ___(117) duddhiNiyA- snehasyApanabhANDam (nela kA vartana) (sajJA) - de nA mA 5-54 - avadhI kA 'duvahI' zabda isane vikasita mAnA jA sakatA hai / yaha janda arya kI dRSTi se (aprayogatvAt) dezaja bhale hI ho svarUpa kI dRSTi me tadbhava lagatA hai / isakI vyutpatti saskRna ke samasta pada (dugdhabhANDa) yA 'dugdhabhANDikA' se dI jA sakatI hai| (118) ghaNI- bhAryA (sajJA) de nA mA. 5-62 - hindI kI boliyo me patnI ke lie 'vanA' yA 'dhanI' zabda pracalita hai| rAjasthAnI me to 'vaNI' zabda jyo kA tyo pracalita hai / ima zabda ko saskRta ke 'vana' zabda se bhI vyutpanna kiyA jA sakatA hai / bhAratIya samAja strI ko bhI eka bahumUlya 'dhana' mAnatA hai| (119) pariNayA- bhAryA (saMjJA) de nA mA 5-58 - hindI kI boliyo ____ me pracalita 'dhaniyA' zabda isI kA vikasita rUpa hogA / (120) pajhya- sthacatram (saMjJA) de nA mA 6 64 - hindI tathA usakI lagabhaga sabhI boliyo me pracalita 'pahiyA' zabda isI kA vikasita rUpa hai / dhvaniparivartana nAma mAtra kA ha kA Agama) hai / (121) pasarA- turagamanAha (sanA) de. nA mA. 6-10 - ghor3e kI pITha para DAlI jAne vAlI gaddI ko 'pAkhara' kahA jAtA hai| yaha zabda 'pAlhAkhaNDa' me prAyaH vyavahata hRyA hai| avadhI ke anya grAmINa kSetro me bhI (bundelakhaNDa ke atirikta) yaha zabda pracalita hai / (122) palahI- kapAsa (manA) de nA. mA - 6-40 - brajabhASA me 'pahelA' tathA 'palA' zabda kapAma ke artha meM hI vyavahata hote haiM / (123) paMkhuDI- patram (majJA) de nA mA.-6-8 hindI 'ebuDI' 'pakhaDI' nayA 'bajamApA 'pAbuhI' zabda isI ke vikasita rUpa hoMge / ina sabhI zabdo ko saskRta pakSa Nabda se vyutpanna karane meM paryApta khIMca tAna karatI pddegii| isa zabda kA sambandha tamina 'pRha ku (Punku) zabda se jor3A jA sakatA hai - saMskRta meM bhI 'puha kha' zabda tora ke paradAra nire ke artha me AtA hai| ise bhI tamila kI hI dena mAnA jA maratA hai| (124)- paDavA - paTTI (manA) de nA mA 6-6 - hindI 'paDAva' gabda imI meM vikanita mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa zabda ko aravI yA phArasI kA mAnanA upayukta nahIM hai- kyoMki hemacandra ke samaya taka bhArata me musalamAna thA to

Page #207
[ 195 gaye the parantu unakI bhASA kA prabhAva usa samaya taka lagabhaga nahI hI paDA thaa| (125) pattala - kRza (vizeSaNa) de nA mA 6-14 - hindI 'patalA' zabda isI kA vikasita rUpa hogA (brajabhASA tathA avadhI me 'pAtara' milatA hai / (126) pappImo- cAtaka (sajJA) - de nA mA 6-12, hindI 'papIhA' avadhI 'papihA', 'papihArA' brajabhASA 'papihA', 'papIharA' 'papIhA' Adi pada isI ke vikasita rUpa hai| ina sabhI kA artha bhI cAtaka hI hai / dhvaniparivartana kI dRSTi se kevala 'ha' kA Agama aura p kA lopa huA hai| (127) pUraNI- tUlalatA (sajJA) de. nA mA. 6-56 - hindI tathA usakI sabhI boliyo me 'pUnI' zabda rUI ko lapeTa kara banAyI huI vastu vizeSa ke artha me pracalita hai| yaha zabda thoDe dhvaniparivartana (Na ko n| ke sAtha jyo kA tyo usI artha me vikasita hai / ise kahI-kahI 'piunI' bhI kahA jAtA hai / dezInAmamAlA 6-78 me 'piulI' zabda bhI pAyA hai| 'piunI' zabda isI se vikasita mAnA jA sakatA hai| (128) pIDha- ikSunipIDanayatram (majJA) de nA mA. - 651 - hindI kA 'pIDhA' yA 'piDhaI' zabda isI se vyutpanna mAnA jA sakatA hai| hemacandra ne 'pIDha' zabda eka viziSTa artha (kolhU) me prayukta kiyA hai / hindI me vaha artha na hote hue bhI mUla artha se vikasita atha kA sambandha dikhAyA jA sakatA hai / Ikha perane kA kolha prAja bhI do lakaDI ke moTe takhto (jinhe pIDhA kahA jAtA hai) para AdhArita rahatA hai / ata. kolhU ke eka prAdhAra bhAga ke artha me hI yaha zabda rUDha ho gayA hogA / zabdo ke artha vikAsa kI paramparA me yaha asambhava nahI lgtaa| pIDha' zabda ko saskRta 'pITha' zabda se bhI niSpanna kiyA jA sakatA hai - para yahA bhI pITha pIDha 2 pIdA Adi ke vikAsa krama me artha sambandhI khIcatAna karanI pdd'egii| saskRta kA 'pITha' zabda 'sthAna' vAcI hai java ki hindI kA pIDhA zabda lakaDI kI banI hui vastu vizeSa kA vAcaka (129) pupphA-pitRvasA (sajJA) de nA mA 6-52 - hindI kI boliyo me pracalita 'phumA' yA 'bumA' (pitA kI bahina) zabda isI ke vikasita rUpa haiM / 'bumA' zabda kahI-kahI mA ke lie bhI vyavahata hotA hai| 'buA' yA 'phuyA' ke pati ko 1. cAtaka ke artha meM bappIsI (de. nA, mA 6-90) aura pappIo (de nA mA 7-33) do anya zabda bhI milate haiN|

Page #208
196 ] 'phupphA' yA 'phUphA' kahA jAtA hai / yaha zabda 'pupphA' ke adhika samIpa hai| isakA artha mI apane mUla se jur3A huA hai| (130) pUrI- tantuvAyopakaraNa (sajJA)- de. nA. mA 6-6 'pUrI' zabda jyo kA tyo julAhe ke upakaraNa ke artha me hI pracalita hai / isakA eka anya rUpa 'pullI' bhI hai / yaha zabda aMgrejI ke 'geTelakAka' kA samAnArthI hai| (131) pelliya- pIDitam (viNepaNa) de nA mA 6 57- hindI kI 'palanA' (balAtkAreNa trasta karanA) kriyA imI zabda se vikasita mAnI jA sakatI hai / yadyapi saskRta me bhI 'pelu' gatI', kriyA pada vidyamAna hai phira bhI vahA usakA artha 'calanA' hai na ki basta karanA / isI prakAra saskRta 'prera' (pra+Ira) kA bhI artha 'calanA' hai na ki trasta karanA / (132) poTTa - udara (sanA) de nA mA 6-60 hindI kA 'peTa' zabda isI se sabaddha hai / avadhI ke kucha grAmINa kSetro me 'poTA' zabda bhI pracalita hai / braja mApA sUra kopa, pR0 1115 para 'peTa' zabda kI vyutpatti 'sa0 peTathelA' zabda se dI gaI hai jo svaya me hI ati hAsyAmpada hai / (133) pottayo- vRpaNa. (saMjJA) de nA. mA. 6-62-hindI tathA usakI sabhI voliyo me mAnava zarIra ke eka mahatvapUrNa aMga (aNDakoza ke liye 'pottA' yA 'photA' zabda kA prayoga hotA hai / nizcita hI yaha zabda 'pottayo' kA hI vikasita rUpa hai| (134) phamaraNa- yuktam (vizepaNa) de nA mA 6-87- hindI 'phasanA' kriyA pada imase vikamita mAnA jA sakatA hai| ise saskRta 'pAza' zabda se bhI vyutpata kiyA jA sakatA hai- pAza phA~sa 7 phaMsanA / (135) phophA-- bhIpayitu zabda (sajJA) de nA mA 6-86- hindI ke 'phophoM' tathA 'phU phU' jaise dhvanyAtmaka zabda isI se sambaddha kiye jA sakate haiM / 'phukkAra' yA 'phuphakAranA' sabhI imI zabda ke vikasita rUpa mAne jA sakte haiM / dezI nAmamAlA kI 'dezya' zabdAvalI meM aneko vvanyAtmaka zabda bhI makalita haiN| aise zabda to nizcita hI mAhitya ko lokajIvana kI dena haiM / DA0 pUrNa siMha ne to hindI kI sArI 'dhvanyAtmaka zabdAvalI ko dezya' koTi me rakhA hai| 1. middhArgamadI 1-574 2 rApi abhinadana gry|

Page #209
[ 197 (136) vailla-- calIvarda : (saMjJA) de. nA mA 6-91-- hindI 'baila' pravadhI 'yazla' prAdi zabda isI ke vikasita rUra hoNge| hindI zabdArtha pArijAta (pR 581) me bhI 'bala' zabda ko 'dezya' hI mAnA gayA hai- saskRta 'valIvarda' se isakI nyuttatti denA na to vyAkaraNa sammata hI hogA aura na pAramparika hii| (137) bulakA- muSTi : (sazA) de. nA. mA 6-94- hindI tathA usakI sabhI voliyo me 'vUka' zabda imI bhargha me pracalita hai- jaise vUka bhara dAnA arthAt muTThI bhara daanaa| (138) bulabulA-badabuda (saMjJA) de. nA mA. 6-95-hindI tathA usakI sabhI boliyo me 'bula gulA' zabda jalabudavuda ke artha me prayukta hotA hai / telagu me bhI bulabulA' zabda hI hai| isa pada ko bhApA ke dhvanyAtmaka zabdo kI koTi me bhI rakhA jA sakatA hai| (139 veDo :-no (sanA) de nA mA 6-95-hindI kA 'veDA' zabda isI pA vibhAnita rUpa hai / parantu artha vistAra kI prakriyA meM yaha zabda kevala 'nAna' kA pAcaka na rahakara nAvo ke samUha kA artha dene lagA hai| (140) bohArI-bauhArI-sammArjanI (jhADU) de nA bhA.-6-97-hindI me 'vohArI' zabda hI pracalita hai / 'buhAranA' kriyA tathA 'buhAra' (jhADa-buhAra) nAma pada kA sambandha bhI uparyukta zabda se hI joDA jA sakatA hai| (141) bhallU-RkSa (sajJA) de. nA. mA 6-99-hindI 'bhAlU' zabda isI se vikasita hai| yadyapi maskRta meM 'bhallUka' pada hai, para usakI svaya kI hI sthiti sadigdha hai| 'bhallaka' zabda janatA kI sAmAnya bolacAla kI bhASA se grahaNa kara 'saskRta' (saskAra kiyA gayA,) zabda pratIta hotA hai| (142) muruku Dinauddha lita (vizeSaNa) de nA. pA. 6-106-avadhI me 'bhurakuDa' zabda 'dhuladhUsarita' hone ke artha me hI pracalita hai / yaha vizeSaNa aura kriyA (bhuraku DanA) dono hI rUpo me vyavahRta hotA hai / 1. sagrejI me bhI Bubble zabda milatA hai-'bulabulA' zabda se isakA paryApta dhvani sAmya hai| 2 rojI ke Boat zabda se isakI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai|

Page #210
198 1 (143) maho- gahIna (sanA) de nA mA. 6-112-hindI meM 'maTThara mAnda 'mAlamI' 'bahAnevAja' vyakti ke vizeSaNa rUpa meM vyavahRta hotA hai / ise 'mako' zabda kA hI vikasita sya mAnA jA sakatA hai| artha vikAsa kI prakriyA me isa zabda ke mUla artha me lAmaNikatA ke kAraNa vikAsa ho gayA hogA / sIga aura pUcha se rahita baila bhI 'hala meM na calane vAlA' 'yAlamI' 'vahAne vAja' va maTThara mAnA jAtA hai| Age calakara isa prakRti ke manuSya ke lie bhI yahI zabda vyavahRta hone lagA hogA / isa zabda kA mUla srota tamila hai| vahA 'moTAi zabda isI artha me milatA hai| hindI kA grAmIgA voliyo me 'moTAI' zabda bhI apane parivartita artha (bahAne bAjI me dekhA jA sakatA hai| hindI kA 'moTA'' vizeSaNapada bhI imI se sambaddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| (144) mammI-mAmA-mAtulAnI (manA) de nA. mA 6-1 12~-hindI tathA usakI boliyo meM 'mAmI' 'mAmA' zabda pracalita hai| 'mammI' zabda 'mAmI' ke rUpa me umI artha me tathA 'mAmA' zabda mAmI ke pati ke artha meM parivartita hokara pracalita hai| 'mammI' zabda bhI hindI me 'mA' ke artha meM pracalita hai panta ise a grejI ke mamI ganda se sambaddha kiyA jAtA hai / vAstava meM yaha hindI ko aMgrejI kI dena na hokara prAkRto kI dena hai| (145) mAhura-gAka (mAjA)-de nA. mA 6-13-hindI tathA usakI boliyo me 'mAhura' zabda 'jahara' ke artha me pracalita hai / sukhI vyaktiyoM ke lie 'jAkakhAnA' 'jahara khAna ke hI namana hotA hai / imI kAraNa 'zAkavAcI' 'mAhura' zabda 'jahara' vAcI bana gayA hogA / isakA prayoga prAya 'jahara-mAhura' jaise mayukta pada me ho hotA hai| (146) muI amatI (vizeSaNa) = nA mA 6-135-grAmINa avadhI me 'munhI' 'munhA' pada kramaza caritrahIna strI-putpo ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM prayukta hote haiN| vaise ina zabdo kA sambandha maskRta ke 'mUla' (avadhI mUra) zabda se joDA nA sakatA hai, parantu mUla nakSatra meM paidA hue vyakti kA caritra-bhrapTa honA Avazyaka nahIM hai-atyanta spaSTa zabdo me vaha dRSTa bhale hI ho para loka jAvana meM 'TinAla' zabda me vibhUpita nahIM hogaa| muI' zabda sIve-sIye 'TinAla' artha detA hai / prata 'mughI' grora munhA' dono padoM kA mamvandha isI se jor3A jAnA cAhie / 1. didI mandAya pArijAta pU 629 para 'moTA' sanda 'dezya' mAnA gayA hai|

Page #211
[ 199 hindI ma pArijAta' me ime 'dezya' hI mAnA gayA hai| (147) melo-janarAhani (sajA) de nA mA. 6-138-hindI tathA usakI sanI bogiyo meM 'melo' zabda 'sagI-sAdhI' ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai / hindI kA 'melA' zabda bhI inI kA vikasita rupa mAnA jA sakatA hai / yadyapi saskRta me bhI 'meka zabda pAyA hai phira bhI use prAruto nI hI dena mAnA jAnA cAhie / (148) nyAno---manyAna: (mathAnI) (majJA) de nA mA 7-3 brajabhANa meM 'ra', mapAnI ke artha me vyavahana honA hai 'phenta kara ulaTI ra na vilovana hAri / bihArI / najagApA nUraNopa pR0 1440 para 'raI' ko saskRta 'raya' zabda se vyutpanna mAnA gayA hai / panyAtmaka vikAsa kI dRSTi se yaha vyutpatti bhale hI ThIka ho para bhASAgata zabdo ke vikAsa midvAnto tathA unake prayogagata vAtAvaraNa ko dhyAna pe ramate hA zabda ko 'deya' hI mAnA jAnA caahie| pratyeka pada kA sabadha magara ne joDane kI manovRtti eka svastha manovRtti kadApi nahI kahI jA sktii| (149) rigina-bhramaNa (sanA) de nA mA -7-6-hindI kI 'reganA' niyA kA sambandha inase jor3A jA sakatA hai| yaha kriyApada 'peTa ke bala ragaDa kara calane ke artha meM hindI kI sabhI boliyo me bhI pracalita hai| avaghI ke kucha kSetro me yaha 'manuSya ke calane' kA bhI vAcaka hai| bra0 sU0 ko. pa. 1482 para ise saskRta ke 'risa garaNa pada se vyutpanna kiyA gayA hai / svaya 'riGgaNa' bhI 're' aura 'gam' do ghAtuno ke mena se banA hai / yahA eka bAta spaSTa rUpa se kaha denA upayukta hogaa| mAmAnya janajIvana meM pracalita zabdAvalI kA adhikAza bhAga vyAkaraNa se vyutpanna nahI kiyA jA sakatA / kisI bhI zabda kI vyutpatti dene ke pahale usa zabda ke prayoga se sambandhita vAtAvaraNa ko dhyAna meM rakhanA aAvazyaka hotA hai| prazikSita samAja vyAkaraNa eva mAhitya kA krama paramparA kA adhika anusaraNa na karatA hai| aisI sthiti me bhASA ke sabhI zabdo ko vyAkaraNa ke bane banAye DhAce me phiTa karane kA prayatna sarAhanIya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| (150) riddha -pakva (vizeSaNa) de nA mA 7-6--hindI 'rIdhanA' kriyA pakAne ke artha meM prayukta hotI hai / isakA sambandha uparyukta zabda se hI honA cAhie / saskRta 'Rddhi' (baTatI) zabda se isakI vyutpatti sambhava nahI hai / 1 vahI, 618

Page #212
200 ] (151) rundo - vipula - (vizeSaNa) de. nA mA 7-14 - zravabI me 'rinda' - pada haTTe-kaTTe tandurusta vyakti ke vizeSaNa rUpa me vyavahRta hotA hai / gratyalpa dhvaniparivartana ( u kA Da) ke sAtha isa zabda kA sambandha uparyukta zabda se joDA jA sakatA hai / (152) rUtra - tUla ( sajJA ) de nA mA 7-9 - hindI tathA usakI sabhI boliyo me pracalita 'ruI' zabda isI kA vikamita rUpa mAnA jA sakatA hai / (153) roTTa - tandulapiSTam ( cAvala kA ghATA ) (sajJA) de nA mA 7-11 hindI 'roTI' zabda isI kA vikasita rUpa hogA / pahale cAvala ke ATe kA vAcaka yaha zabda apanI vikasitAvasthA me usase banI huI 'roTI' zabda kA vAcaka ho gayA hogA | avadhI ke kucha kSetro me 'roTa' zabda bhI pracalita hai / tamali me bhI 'roTTi ' zabda milatA hai | pI0 vI0 rAmAnujasvAmI ' roTTa ko tadbhava mAnate hue ise saMskRta ke 'rucya' zabda se vyutpanna karate hai, para yaha vyutpatti upayukta nahI hai / 1 (154) vakkhAraya - ratigRham (sajJA) de. nA mA. 7-45 - avadhI me 'bakharI' zabda ghanI logo ke ghara ke lie prayukta hotA hai / yaha zabda nizcita hI 'vakkhAraya' kA hI vikasita rUpa hai / avadhI me hI 'vakhAra' zabda 'anAja' rakhane ko koTharI ke artha me bhI grAtA hai / isakA bhI sambandha uparyukta zabda se joDA jA sakatA hai | (155) vaDDI - mahAna (vizeSaNa) de nA. mA 7-29 - vrajabhApA 'baDo' hindI 'vaDhA' zravavI 'vaDa' zrAdi zabda 'vaDDoM' ke hI vikasita rUpa haiM / zrartha bhI vahI hai / vrajabhASA sUra kopa me isakI vyutpatti saskRta ke 'varddhana' zabda se dI gayI hai / isase hindI kA 'vahanA' kriyA pada nippanna kiyA jA sakatA hai (varddhana 7 vaDhDharaNa = 7 vaTanA ) para 'vaDA' pada kisI prakAra bhI nahI vana sakatA / (156) vaDDhaigro - carmakAra (sajJA) de nA mA 7-44 - hindI kA jAtivAcI 'baDhaI' zabda kA vikasita rUpa mAnA jA sakatA hai / yadyapi yahA 'vaDhaI' kA artha 'carmakAra' na hokara 'lakDI' kA kArya karane vAlI jAti vizeSa hai phira bhI isame koI antara nahI paDatA / bhArata kI jAti vyavasthA prAya karma ke zrAdhAra para hI kI gayI hai / karma kI uccatA zrora nIcatA ke AdhAra para hI jAti kI 1. 2 denA mAnamarI, pu 73 ko 1180

Page #213
/ 201 bhI ucnatA gaura nIcatA para AdhArita rahI hai / ho sakatA hai ki kisI samaya eka hI varga ke loga lakakI aura camaTe kA kAma sAya hI karate rahe ho, aura Age calakara mArga niropa ke AdhAra para dono ke do varga bana gaye ho| bhAratIya varNa vyavasthA meM camagAra aura vaha dono hI ko paragaNita jAti kA mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra phe zabdo aitihAnika adhyayana bhAratIya jAti vyavasthA para bhI acchA prakAza pAla nAtA hai / mUladra bhA0 koza meM 'vaTaI' zabda ko saskRta ke 'varddha ki' zabda se nippana kiyA gayA hai-paki= baDhda+ vddhii| isa dRSTi se yaha zabda bhale hI tadabhava ho, para mamA sAskRtika pariveza ise 'dezya hI siddha karatA hai / (157) vaddhiyo- paNDa (hiMjaDA) (sajJA)-de nA mA. 7-37- hindI tathA unI adhikatara boliyo meM hijaDe ke lie 'vAdhiyA' vizepaNa pada prayukta hotA hai / saskRta 'vadhita ' se bhI ise vyutpanna kiyA jA sakatA hai / (158) vAyAge-ziziravAta: (ThaNDI havA) (sajJA) de nA mA 7-56 - hindI meM 'kyAra' zabda ThaNDI havA ke hI prartha me prayakta hotA hai| prAya ise gharabI-phAranI kI dena samajhA jAtA rahA hai| vAstava meM isakA sambandha saskRta 'vAyu me honA cAhie / yahI zabda janajIvana me 'vayAra' ke rUpa me vikRta hokara pracalita huaA hogaa| (1591 vinAriyA-pUrvAhaNa bhojana (sajA) de nA mA 7-71 avadhI me 'biyArI' zabda kAleU ke artha me prayukta hotA hai / (160) vojjhano-bhAra (majJA) de, nA mA 7-80-hindI 'vojha' yA 'vojhA' pada isI kA vikasita rUpa honA caahie| (161) silagro-ujcha (majA) de nA mA 8-30-hindI 'silA' yA 'molA' zabda kaTAI ke bAda kheto me par3e hue anna' ke artha me prayukta hotA hai / yaha mAnda nizcita hI 'silayo' kA hI vikasita rUpa hai / (162) sUraNo kanda (sajA) de nA mA 8-41 - hindI tathA usakI lagabhaga sabhI boliyo me 'sUrana' pada barasAta me jamIna ke andara ugane vAlI kanda ke artha me prayukta hotA hai / isako kaccA khAne para muha me kanakanAhaTa hone lagatI hai / (163) hamaho -nIroga (vizepaNa) de nA mA. 8-65 --hindI 'haTTAkaTTA' ke mUla me yaha zabda dekhA jA sakatA hai / 1. pU. 5 mA ko, 5 1180

Page #214
__202 ] (164) haDDaM-ambi : (manA) de. nA. mA. 8-59 ~ hindI 'haDDI' yA 'hAI' ke rUpa meM isa zaka kA vikAsa TevA jA sakatA hai| (165) hantriAlI-dUrvA (manA) de nA mA. 8-64 -hindI 'hariyAlI' ke rUpa meM svalpa vaniparivartana (ya) ke mAya isa zabda ko bikramita dekhA jA sakatA hai / saskRta hariyAlI' meM bhI isakI vyutpanna kiyA jA sakatA hai| (166) halabolI-~vAcAla . (vizeSaNa) de nA, mA 8-64 abadhI me 'haladulahA' manda jaldI jaldI bolane vAle tathA zItra kArya karane vAle dono hI ke lie prayukta hotA hai / yaha upayukta zabda kA hI vikasita rUpa kahA jA sakatA hai| (167) hidahI-Akula : (vizeSa) de nA. mA. 8-67 -avadhI (hiTThI) tathA hindI 'hI' ke rUpa meM isa zabda ko vikasita dekhA jA sakatA hai / saskRta 'haTa' zabda se vyutpanna karane para yaha zabda tadbhava hogaa| (168) huliya-zItrama (vizeSaNa) de. nA. mA 8-59 ~ 'avadhI meM halanA' kriyA neja calane yA koI mArga zItra karane ke lie yA mArane ke artha meM vyabahata hotA hai / uparyuka zabda meM hI imakA santanya honA cAhie / nirNa para dezInAmamAlA ke kucha zabdo kA hindI tathA usakI boliyoM meM vikAsa praNita kiyA gyaa| isa doSa ganya ke aura bhI aneko manda anya prAvanika bhAnIya prAraM mApAnI aura unakI boliyoM meM vikasita digvAye jA sakate hai| yadi ina vipatra ke adhikArI vidvAna isa ora vyAna deM to atyanta mahattvapUrNa tavya nAmane prA bhanne hai / hindI meM bhI kahI adhika marAThI, gujarAtI tathA dakSiNI bhApAyo banlaDa grAdi kI zabda sampatti kA vyutpattiparaka adhyayana isa koNa ke gaToka mahAra mAlatApUrvaka niyA lA sakatA hai| dezInAmamAlA kI deza mabdAvalI kA adhikAza bhAga Aja kI grAmINa boliyo me vikasita hokara pracalita hai, bhUla sadame kahI mumna meM sambaddha batA diyA jAtA hai to kahI anya prAgantuka videzI mApAyo / vAstava meM bhArata meM jitanI bhI pracalita mAyAe haiM mamI meM paramparA me co praye jabdoM kI bharamAra hai / ina jabdo kI sthiti kA patA madhyakAlIna bhAratIya prAraMbhApAnoM kI zabdAvalI ke avagAhana meM hI laga sakatA hai, kyoki kama gema bhAratIya bhASAoM ke bIca madhyakAlIna Arya bhASAeM hI aimI bhApAe haiM jo gara-jIvana ke pradhika nikaTa rahI hai TamIlie inako zabda sampatti bhI pAramparika prayogo meM geha hai| prAcArya hemacandra ne Tama athAha sampatti ke avagAhana kA saphala prayAsa

Page #215
[ 203 fre : 17, nAma mora deza sabhI prakAra ke zabdo kA vivecana spaSTa F- AIL: pAni bhAntIya prArya bhApAtro meM vikasita nAgena Aiye to patA gAttvapUrNa tathya sAmane A sakate haiM / ga:"ainimA prAga pratyA nImita hai| dezInAmAlA ke nAmapado ; vimAna gadi magata rapa se kareM tabhI isakI sArI :: : : pAtu kiye gaye adhyayana meM nihita dRSTi ke * mAra - nAanupayuna hogaa| 1 .; yA Upara prastuta kiyA gayA hai yadi dhyAna me devA TREET ho / na zandoM ke adhyayana ke vIca yaha ma : kina pani pani ghora nAmgatika vAtAvaraNa ke bIca meM nAnaharo, mI tI paristhiti aura vaise hI vAtAvaraNa nI / yAvAna gagane jApaga tacya kI ora iMgita karatI mAnI to tatva hai jinhe ziSTa sAhitya ne grahaNa 5-Tii piSTI muhara lagA dI aura unheM hama dekha kara bhI anadekhA zImamA nA bha dra ne mAna deNya' yaha jAne vAle majJApado kA hI vivaraNa diyA hai| gya' mipAyo pA riyecana unhoMne apane prAkRta vyAkaraNa me dhAtvAdeza ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| 6ga prapAra uhoMne prAkRto kI samasta 'dezya' mAndAvanI phA vistRta vinecana prastuta kara diyA hai|

Page #216
dezInAmamAlA kA bhASAzAstrIya adhyayana - dezInAmamAlA me saMgrahIta zabdAvalI apanI sAskRtika mahattA kI dRSTi se jitanI vilakSaNa hai utanI hI bhApA zAstrIya dRSTi se bhii| 'dezya' zabdo kI prakRti ke viSaya meM pichale adhyAya me vahuta kahA jA cukA hai / yahA una zabdo kA dhvanyAtmaka tyAtmaka eva arthagata adhyayana prastuta kiyA jAyegA / bhASAzAstrIya adhyayana ke pUrva yahAM eka bAta spaSTa kara denI Avazyaka hai-dezInAmamAlA ke zabda prAkRta ke hai yA usakI vikamitAvasthA apabhra za ke haiN| yaha kahanA atyanta kaThina hai| prAcArya hemacandra ne isa granya kI racanA apane apabhra za vyAkaraNa ke pUraka anya ke rUpa meM kI thI / ata ina zabdo ko apabhra za kA honA cAhie, parantu inameM nihita prAkRta bhASA kI vizepatAeM isa mAnyatA se pare saketa karatI haiN| itanA hI nahIM ye zabda mAhityika prAkRto se bhI apanA spapTa bheda pradarzita karate haiM / kyoki prAkRto me hone vAle parivartano se ye sarvathA bhinna haiM / aisI sthiti me ina gabdo kA sambandha kisI bhASA kI vizeSa sthiti se joDa pAnA eka atyanta kaThina kArya hai| dezInAmamAlA kI gavdAvalI ko adhyayana kI suvidhA kI dRSTi se tIna bhAgo me bATA jA sakatA hai-(1) tatmama, (2) tadbhava (3) dezaja / tatsama zabda dhvanyAtmaka eva rUpAtmaka gaThana kI dRSTi se samkRta se milate-julate hai, tadbhava zabda varNavikAra, lova, pAgama Adi niyamo se yukta hokara prAkRta zabdAvalI ke aga hai panntu deNya mhe jAne vAle zabdo ko prakRti pratyaya hInatA ke kAraNa kisI bhI mApA se joDA yA vyutpanna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / DA nemicandra zAstrI 1. padenomanda magraha. bopazazabdAnuzAsanApTamAdhyAyopalezo ratnAvalInAmAcArya hemacandraNa ricita iti madram // -devInAmamAlA 8-77 kI vRtti

Page #217
[ 205 aise zabdo ko 'nipAta' kahate haiM / dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI ke bIca lagabhaga 600 zabda aise haiM jinheM sabhI dRSTiyo se dezya kahA jA sakatA hai / Age bhASAzAstrIya dRSTi se ina tIno prakAra ke zabdo kA adhyayana prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| dhvanigrAmika vivecana Adhunika bhASAvaijJAniko kI dRSTi me kisI bhI bhASA me pAye jAne vAle dhvanigrAmo ke do vibheda hote haiM (1) khaNDIya dhvanigrAma / (2) khaNDetara dhvanigrAma / khaNDIya dhvanigrAmo ke antargana kisI bhASA-vizeSa me prayukta svaroM aura vyajano kA vivecana kiyA jAtA hai| khaNDetara dhvanigrAmo me anusvAra vivRti, sura, prAghAta, bala Adi kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai / isa vibhAjana ke AdhAra para dezI nAmamAlA me sakalita zabdo kA dhvanyAtmaka vivecana nimna prakAra hai| khaNDIya dhvaninAma(1) svara dhvanigrAma-dezInAmamAlA ke zabdoM me kula 81 svara dhvanigrAma thor zra, prA u, U e, zro (e) (pro) hrasva e (e.) tathA hrasva pro (pro) ko milA dene se kula 10 svara ho jAte haiM, parantu inhe alaga svara dhvanigrAma na mAnakara kramaza 'e' tathA 'o' kA sasvana mAnA jAnA cAhie / inake lie alaga se koI lipicihna bhI prayukta nahIM hai| bharata nA. zA. (17-7) me prAkRto meM prA. bhA. mA. 14 svaradhvaniyo ke sthAna para 8 kI hI sthiti svIkAra karate haiN| hemacandra (8-1-1 kI vRtti) bhI yahI svIkAra karate hai| trivikrama kI 1-1-1 paravatti lakSmIdharakRtacandrikA tathA anya prAkRta vyAkaraNoM meM bhI kula 8 svaro ko hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai|

Page #218
206 ] svara dhvanigrAmo ke prayoga kI dRSTi me dezInAmamAlA pUrNarUpeNa prAkRta svaro kA anumaNa karatI hai| prApya svara dhvanigrAmo kI prakRti - a-kaNThasthAnIya, pravRttamukhI, madhya tathA vivRta svara hai| bhApAvainAnika dRSTi ne pradhAna svara dhvanigrAma 'gha' jihvAna se uccarita hotA hai ataH yaha agrasvara hai / nakRta ke prasiddha vaiyyAkaraNa pANini ne '' ko saMvata svara batAyA hai (a, a sUtra me) / mamvRta me yaha bhale hI savRta rahA ho / ma bhA pA me yaha vivRta ho gayA aura Aja bhI avadhI-bhojapurI Adi voliyo meM vivRta hI hai / de. nA. mA. me bhI yaha 'vivRtta' svara hI hai| (2) jina prakAra prAkRta taNa apabhraza me madhyavartI tathA antya 'a' vividha svaro aura vyajano kA sthAnIya hokara pAyA hai, usI prakAra isakA prayoga de nA. mA kI zabdAvalI meM bhI huA hai-jaise akkado grAnanda (de. 1- 15) ujjhasina / atyamita (de 1130) acchabhallo L akSabhatla (de 1137) / prA-kaNThasthAnIya, mvalpavRttamukhI zithila, pazca tathA vivRta svara hai / isake uccAraNa meM jivApazca ke prayoga hone ke sAtha hI mukha adhika khulatA hai| dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI me yaha zabda adhikAzata. apane mUla rUpa me hI vyavahRta huyA hai / kahI kahIM yaha 'a' ke rUpa me tathA kahI 'Da' ke rUpa me bhI parivartita milatA hai / aimA prAya ina koNa ke tadbhava zabdo me hI huaA hai, dezya zabdo me isakI apanI mahI vini vidyamAna dekhI jA sakatI hai| i-tAlavya, avRttamantrI, ana tathA savRta svara hai / de nA. mA kI zabdAvalI me vaha svara dhvanigrAma apane zuddha aura parivartita dono hI rUpo meM milatA hai| mukha rUpa meM isakI prAca, matrya aura antya tIno hI sthitiyAM milatI haiM, viNepakara 'dAna' gabdo meM / parivartita rUpa me kahI yaha ai8 I (irAvo7 airAvat-dai 1-60) nahIM a 75 (mukvina (utguSka-de 1142), kahI I 7 i, (iNhi / idAnI de 1179 rahI 37 3 (picchI puccha-de 6-37) kahI R7 I (bhigambhRGgam de 6-104) prAdi po meM milatA hai| -usame aura 'Da' me uccAraNa kI mAtrA bhara kA bheda hai| uccAraNa me dI hone ke pranirika aura sabhI vigepanAeM 'i' jaisI hI haiM / de nA mA ke dezya maldoM meM unakI pAtra, madhya aura antya nInoM hI sthitiyA apanI mUla vizeSatAyo meM saMyuna hai nadbhava zabdo meM yaha kahIM 57 I (mayalI zAlin de. 8-11) tathA

Page #219
[ 207 kAtira divAlI ni de0 5-41 rUpa meM bhI milatA hai| -- praupyamAnIga, pUrNavRttagunI pAca tathA savRta svara hai| de nA mA yo mAyAdha, madhya prauda antya tIno rUpo me prayoga hugrA hai / isakI prAya ni prayoga bAta boTe hai, vizeSa rUpa se 5 dezya zabdo, pAta, ar, ma, cIna aura haNu meM hI pragatI antya sthiti milatI hai| pro7 u ra padona ga. miroha-jaga-gumacca 8 kuronya (de. 2-63) / au7 u ( pha .-2133) pra.73 (3 zraa : juka' de 1188) Adi prayoga '' yara pani prAga mI niyati ko dekhate hue, de nA mA ke zabdo kA nambandha 'sAra baralA' prapanna za se jor3a pAnA sarvathA asambhava sA lagatA hai / mAnamAArAna pusliga zabdo meM visarga ke sthAna para prAya 'u' kA prayoga huA prAramI meM 'yo' kA prayoga hotA rahA hai| dezInAmamAlA ke pulliga zabda adhibAla dhokArAnta hai, visarga sthAnIya 'u' kA sarvathA prabhAva hai| isakA vistRta dina prAge yathA tyAna kiyA jaayegaa| ___-dIpaM uccAraNa ke atirikta isakI sArI vizeSatAe~ 'u' jaisI hI / nA mA ke zabdo me zuddha ' kA prayoga Adi madhya pora antya tIno hI siniyoM meM suprA hai| tadbhava zabdo meM isake parivartita rUpa bhI milate haiM / pahI pra (jagatyo |asvsy. de 1-143) kahI UL prA (kRsAro L kAsAro daM 2-44) hI . [va (asaliya / ullasita de 1-141) aAdi / (e) kaNThanAlavya, pravRttamusI zithila, agra, arghavivRta svara hai / ma kA mA prAryabhApAnI meM ima svara dhvanigrAma kI sthiti lagabhaga sabhI vidvAno ne svIkAra kI hai| isameM lie koI alaga lipi cihna na to pahale hI thA aura na aAja hI hai / ise 'e' svara dhvanigrAma kA hI eka sasvana (e) kahA jA sakatA hai| de. nA mA ke zabdo meM aise kisI bhI svara dhvaniyAma kA ullekha nahIM milatA phira bhI sayuktAkSaro ke pahale kA 'e' svaragrAma (e) ke rUpa me uccarita hotA haiM1-jaise pizela ne sapheta kiyA hai ki prApata phAla mehasya e, mo dhvaniyA thI (prA vyA 841119) ina e o kA vikAsa ai, o6, u, phAI sroto se huA dekhA jAtA hai tathA sayukta vyajana pani ke pUrva harava e , mo niyataspa se hrasva (vivRta) uccarita hote haiM / DA TagAre ne bhI apana zakAla me hastha emao pI sattA mAnI hai| (439) tathA isa bAta kA bhI saketa kiyA hai ki uttarI hastalekho meM prAya inhe 'i' 'u' ke rUpa meM likhA jAtA hai| DA. yAkovI ne bhI isakA ullekha "mayisayatta pAhA' kI bhUmikA meM kiyA hai|

Page #220
208 ] ekkagharillo (ekkadharillo (de 1-146) / de. nA mA. ke zabdoM me Adima sthiti me (e) masvana kA prayoga 8 zabdo me huprA hai| isake madhyasthiti vAle prayoga to aneka haiM, hA antya prayogoM kA sarvathA abhAva hai / ina abhAva kA sabase vahA kAraNa yaha hai ki de nA. mA. ke zabda nirvibhaktika rUpa me sakalita haiM / e-kaNThatAlavya avRttamukhI, zithila, agra, arva saMvata svara haiN| de nA. mA. ke zabdo me isakA prayoga zrAdya aura madhya sthitiyo me bahuza huaA hai, antya prayoga kevala eka zabda (puDe-de. 6-52) me milatA hai / prA. bhA pA ke 'ai svara dhvanigrAma ke sthAna para bhI sarvatra imakA vyavahAra huaA hai| kahIM-kahI yaha 'I' ke guNa svara ke rUpa me bhI vyavahRta hai-jaise erANI, indrANI-de nA. 1-1471 (pro) kaNThyopThaya, vRttamukhI, zithila, pazca tathA arva vivRta svara hai / yaha bhI 'no' svara dhvanigrAma ke eka sasvana (zro) ke rUpa me vyavahRta huA hai / (e) kI bhAMti isakA bhI koI lipicihna nahIM hai| sayuktAkSaro ke pahale kA 'o' svara dhvaninAma hI (o) ke rUpa me uccarita hotA hai| de. nA mA ke zabdo me yaha 'mamvana' pAtA aura madhya do hI sthitiyo meM prayukta huyA hai / antya sthiti me yaha bhI prayukta nahIM hai / ' zrIkaNThyopThya, vRttamukhI, zithila, pazca tathA arvavivRta svara haiM / de. nA mA ke zabdo meM isake prAdya madhya aura antya tIno hI sthitiyo ke prayoga milate haiM / vizeSatayA 'dezya' zabdo me / tadbhava zabdoM me yaha kahIM u ke sthAna para (uta zroti se) tathA kahIM pro ke sthAna para prayukta huA hai| dezInAmamAlA ke zanno meM inhIM (8) (e) (o) kI gaNanA kara lene para (10) svara vvanigrAmo kA prayoga hunA hai| prAcIna bhAratIya AryabhApA ke zeSa svara vvanigrAma R, lu, ai, au, a , a Adi kA prayoga kahI bhI nahIM huA hai / ina sabhI kA prayoga to prAkRto kI prArabhika avasthA se hI samApta ho calA thA / bharata 1. elavito vino-1-148 // haimarada pane apanaza vyAkaraNa (4-410) meM hrasva 'yo (yo) kA apanna za meM prayoga mvIkAra karate hA tanu haTakari-jagi dulhaho' udAhmaNa bhI deta hai| degInA me (hamda mo (bo) vaM vanya prayoga kA na prApta honA bhI) imarka zando yo ,apanna za bhApA sanaga hI nAnA hai| ina kopa ke pulliga manda prAya 'bokArAnta' hai, na to kahIM ina nadImayo' kA banya uccAgA hamba honA hai aura na hI ina gandI ke prayoga svampadI yI kAyAlaya sAyAyoM meM hii| aisI sthiti meM ina zabdo kI prakRti inhe apaghra bhASA meM prati durI para rakhatI hai|

Page #221
[ 209 ne pahale nATyagAra meM prAkRno ne ina sabhI svaro ke praprayoga kI spaSTa carcA kI hai emA prAraparANi na ghamArapara za pAyae Natyi / x x x nA. zA. 17-7 / / yahI mata hemananta (ni. 81111 kI vRtti) trivikrama (11111 kI vRtti) mAdi kA bhI: / prAnIna prAraMbhApA ke ina (na, la. ai, grI, a, a) cha' svaroM pAra, prAno meM 8 pacAna baro (a, pA, i, I, u, U, e, zro) ke antargata ho para liyA gyaa| ina svaroM ko viti kisI bhI prAkRta vyAkaraNakAra ne nahIM svI mI / jaba sAhityika prAto me hI inakI sthiti nahIM rahI to lokajIvana zo bonAnI bhASA meM vyavahRta hone vAle dezya zabdo me inakI sthiti kA prazna tInahI utthnaa| prAruna bhASAyoM ke anakala hI deya zabdo me bhI ina svaro kA panikatA mAna hotA hai| inameM se pratyeka kA varNa vikAra nimnalikhita rUpo me prApta hai| 1 ma.7 pra~acchabhallo ma.kSabhalla (de 1-37), avtty| avRta (de01-34)| 2. E7 F - bhiMgamRgam (de 1-104), bhiMgArI, bhU gArI (de 1-105) / ugramikana / puraskRta (de. 1-107) / 3. 7 u-upagraju (de 1-88), uDDayo2 vRddha, (de 1-23) / 4 7 ri-richolI- RkSAli (de 7-7), riddhI, Rddhi (de 7-6) 5 7 ara-karamarI, karamRdita (de 1-15) 6 7 e~-yaha parivartana dezInAmamAlA ke zabdo me bilkula nahIM hai / prAkRta tathA apabhra za bhApAyo me 'R' ke prayoga ko lekara vidvAno me paryApta vivAda hai| 'R' kA uccAraNa prAkRto me lagabhaga samApta sA ho gayA, imIlie vyAkaraNakAro ne prAkRta varNamAlA me isakI gaNanA bhI nahI kI / apabhra za me bhI yahI sthiti rhii| apabhra zakAla me kahI kahI lokabhASAmo me isakA uccAraNa raha gayA thA isakI sUcanA hemacandra ne 8141329 taNu, aura sukidu aura sukRdu ke

Page #222
2101 udAharaNoM me tathA do apabhraMza dohI meM 'gRhaNNaI' aura 'ghRNa' ke prayoga ke rUpa meM diyA hai| rAmatarkavAgIza ke anusAra-sinyu deza kI vAcaDa apabhra za me mRtyAdigaNa meM anyatra 'R' kA uccAraNa hotA hai / inhI tathyo ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue pizela ne yaha svIkAra kiyA ki 'R' kA uccAraNa 'apabhraza prAkRta me raha gayA hai| adhikAga apana za voliyo meM sabhI prAkRta prAcAryoM kA niyama hai, 'R' nahIM hotA / niSkarSa rUpa meM yaha kahA jA makatA hai ki kucha prAdezika bhASAmo ko choDakara zepa ma. bhA yA me 'R' kI sthiti nahI rahI / grAmINa voliyo me to ise nizcita hI myAna nahIM milaa| de. nA mA. kI zabdAvalI inhIM grAmINa boliyoM se saMbaddha hai, ata meM 'R' kA sarvathA abhAva svAbhAvika hI hai| la kA prayoga 'la' svara kA prayoga vaidika kAla se hI virala rahA hai| isakA prayoga kevala eka hI bAtu 'klapi' me hai / Rgveda prAtizAsya ke anusAra pada ke zrAdi aura anta me lakAra svarga me parigaNita nahIM hotaa|" pANini ne apane mAhemvara sUtra meM 'la' kI gaNavA kI hai Rla ka) parantu mahAbhApyakAra patajali svIkAra karate haiM ki isakA prayoga kSetra svarapatara hai jo prayoga hai bhI vaha mAtra 'valapi' dhAtu taka sImita hai 1 yahIM para ve yaha bhI batAte haiM ki pANini ne 'lu' kA prayoga yadRcchA azaktija anukaraNa aura plutAdi ke lie hI kiyA hogaa| prAkRta vyAkrAkAro ne 'lu' kA 'ili' prAdeza hI svIkAra kiyA hai| madIzvara (5-16) apabhraMza me 'klupta' kA 'katta' rUpa svIkAra karate haiN| nivarpa rUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki prAkRta tathA apabhra za bhApAyo me 'la' svara nahIM rahA / isI ke anurUpa de nA mA. ke zabdo me bhI lu' kA prayoga kahIM nahIM miltaa| ai-hambIkaraNa kI pravRtti ke kAraNa prAkRto meM 'ai' kA uccAraNa 'e' yA 'Tu' aura 'i' rUpa me milatA hai| yahI sthiti apabhraMNa meM bhI hai de nA. mA. ko jabdAvalI 'e' ke imI hrasvIkRta rUpa ko svIkAra karatI hai / 1. va ghyA 8141336 dahI-8141350 mRgAparega ra-nAvihata prakRtyA (31312) prArata mApAtroM kA vyAkaraNa-pigela, pR 96 ma prA 19 6 nakAmyApodAMcava prayoga viSaya / yacApi prayoga viSaya so'pi phlU pisthasyaiva /

Page #223
[ 211 ai 7 e yA '5'-elavilo ailavilo (de 11148) lakcho nirlakSaH (de 4144) 'dai pralla vaikalya (de 8175) veluliya vedarya (de. 7177), seluuso| zailapa. (de 8121 ) / irAvA airAvata (de 1180) ai7 prA - sairavamahosvaravRpama (de 8121) pUre koza me yahI eka zabda prApta hai| prau 'ai' kI bhAti 'nau' bhI hrasvIkRta rUpa me 'yo' yA 'u' tathA 'pau' ke mpa ne prApta hotA hai| prau7I yA u-komuii| kaumudI (2148) kolipro|kaulik (de 2165) yuddhakautuka (2-33) | pI793 - pauDhaproTam (de 614) / 'zrI' kA 'a' rUpa me vikAra isa ko ke zabdoM meM nahIM prApta hotA / jina zabdo me yaha vikAra hai bhI vahA vaha anya svaroM kA sthAnIya haiM / svara dhvanigrAma vitaraNa Upara de nA mA me prApta svara dhvanigrAmo kI prakRti kA aitihAsika vivecana prastuta kiyA jA cukA hai| prava ina khaNDIya dhvanigrAmo kA zabda kI Adima mAdhyamika aura antima tIno sthitiyo me prayogo kA vivecana kara lenA bhI samIcIna hogA / sabaniyo sahita inake udAharaNa nimna prakAra haiM / svaradhvanigrAma sadhvani Adima-sandarbha madhya-sandarbha antima sthiti sandarbha pra nairo (de 1-16) kAlavaTTha (de 2-28) proggAla (de 1-15) zroddAla a akellI (de 1-7) adasaNo (de 1-29) addhavizvama (1-34) yA apharo (1-63) avayAro (1-32) prADADA (1-64) zrAmelo (1-62) pAgAI (1-64) ammAiA (1-22) zrA-yaha sadhvani kisI bhI zabda me nahI miltii| i itlo (1-82) kiriiriyA (2-61) pasaDi (6-10) ibho (1-79) irimA (1-80) saratti (8-2) i idamaho (1-81) uviba (1-27) antima sthiti kA prayoga kisI i dovatto (1-81) kAliMjaNI 2-29 bhI zabdo me nahI hai / zabdo ke nidibhakti hone ke kAraNa koilA (2-49) aisA huA hai / choino (3-33) zrA

Page #224
212 1 itlIraM (183) kumArI (2-35) Isayo (1-84) gahIrI (2-82) kumulI (2-39) Isaro gadIgI (2-83) ku bhI (2-34) Isina gaDIva (2184) kurarI (2-40) I-isa sadhvani kA prayoga kahIM nahIM hai / uDU (1-86) kauha (2-5) Tivaru) (4-3) ugrarI (1-98) kahuaAlo (2-57) haNu (8-59) ko ugrA (2-48) pouyA (6-61) ravA (1-86) uluu Dia (1-115) muMDu (6-100) u bI (1-86) ullu Tina (1-109) vIsu (7-73) karaNI (1-140) pAUra (1-176) zrAU (1.61) Uro (1-143) avagUDha (1-20) uDU (1-86) ka-isa sadhvani kA prayoga vilkula nahIM hai| kyoki zabda nivibhaktika hokara prAya pratipAdika rupa me hI sakalita haiN| saMdhvani prAdima -- ma e emiriNayA (1-145) puDe (6-52) elo ( 1-144) chenagrayo (3-32) chelI (3131) geMDa (2-93) geDhalla (2-94) ekkagaM (1-144) kAlejja (229) ekkasivalI (1-146) pejjala (6-57) aura (1-149) chikkoTTalI (3-37) chAyo (3-33) aurallI (1-154) Tivakkoliya (3-25) kuhho (3-36) grI - koDiyo (2-48) koDhatlU 1 2-49) sva va e pro 2 3. 4 pUre zoga meM kara cAra TIda hai| pUre bhAga meM raMgAganta devala do hI manda haiN| pUre meM yahI eka ekAgana ganda hai| momamara meM yokArAnta zando kI bharamAra hai aura ye sabhI prAyaH palliga haiN|

Page #225
[ 213 pro prItyagro (1-151) poTTa (6-60) nIcchiya (1-150) moggaro (6-139) 'khaNData ra svara dhvanigrAma' anusvAra tathA anunAsika de nA mA. ke zabdo me vargIya anunAsika nyajano ke sthAna para sarvatra anusvAra (bindu) ( ) kA vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai / svaro ke jisa krama me hemacandra ne imakA vyavahAra kiyA hai usase spaSTa hai ki ve ise svaro kA hI aga mAnate haiN| itanA hote hue bhI unhone alaga se isa svara kI parigaNanA nahI kii| bharata ne to pAta svage kI gaNanA meM prakAra ko spaSTa hI sthAna diyA thaa| sarvaprAcIna prAkana vaiyAkaraNa varUci ne bhI bharata kI isI mAnyatA ko svIkAra karate hue padAla 'ma' kI vindu () sajJA svIkAra kii| hemacandra ne pANini kI hI mAnyatA 'mo'nunyAra' ko jyo kA tyo gahaNa kara liyA / trivikrama ne varu ruci kI bhAti puna ime vindu rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA / vaidika saMskRta aura saskRta me vargIya vya jano ke atirikta anya vyajano ke sayoga me padAnna 'm' kA anusvAra ho jAtA thA / svaro ke pare rahane para anusvAra na hokara svara m ke sAtha mila jAtA thaa| anusvAra kI yaha sthiti use vyajana varga ke antargata hI siddha karatI hai| isIlie zukla yaju -prAtizAsya 'vyajanakAdi' 1147 sUtra me 'na ityanumvAra etadantam' rUpa me anusvAra 'vyajano ke hI antargata ginA gayA / parantu Rgveda prAtizAkhyA 1111 meM 'anumbAro vyajano vA svarovA' kahakara ise svara aura vyajana dono hI svIkAra kiyA gyaa| isI sUtra kI vyAkhyA me anusvAra me kucha vyajana dharma ardhamAtrAkAlatA eva mayoga tathA kucha svara dharmoM ko bhI jaise hrasva, dIrgha Adi batAyA gayA / isI grantha pe anusvAra aura visarga ko pUrva svara kA zraga svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / ' bharata ne isI prakAra paddhati ko svIkAra kara anusvAra ko svaro ke anta meM sthApita kiyA gayA hai / vastuta kisI bhI svara ke uccAraNa ke anantara jaba jihvA anusvAra ke uccAraNa me zIghra pravRtta hotI hai to nAsika vivara me zvAsa le jAne ke 1. nA gA adhyAya 14 2 mo vinda prA pra 4112 mo'nambAra mi he 811123 4. vi dala prA za 111140 'a' itya nambAro varNa samAmnAye paThayate, sa kAzcit svaradharmAngahvati kAzicanca dhyajanadharmAn yathA hrasvatva dIrghatvamadAttatvamanadAttatva svaritatvamiti svaradharmA. tathA maImAnAkAlatA svaravanodAttatA svaritatA sayogazcati vyjndhmo.|'

Page #226
214 ] lie alijihvA (koyA) ko uThAnA par3atA hai| isa sthiti me Akara svara uccAraNa ke mamApna hote-hone anunAmika hone lagatA hai ata anumvAra ke sAtha svara kA anunAsikIkaraNa sambaddha hai| svarAnuvartA anumbAra svara ko prabhAvita karatA hai| isakA nipedha nahI kiyA jA sakatA / prAkRta aura apabhra za meM anusvAra ke pUrvavartI svara vahuvA anunAsika hote dekhe gaye hai| ' saralIkaraNa kI paddhati meM Age calakara prAkRta tathA apabhraza me parasavarNavidhAna na hokara savatra nusvAra kA hI prayoga kiyA jAne lgaa| dezInAmamAlA ke zabdo me bhI isI paddhati me sarvatra anusvAra vivAna milatA hai| yaha koza kevala sajA tathA vizepaNa pado kA hI sakalana hai| isame svarAnunAmikIkaraNa kI pravRtti kevala do hI rUpo me prApta ha tI hai(1) padoM ke anta me prAya napu saka liGga ke dyotana ke lie-'a' kA prayoga jaise kadoha nIlotpalam (de 2119), kaula-karISam (de. 217) / (2) vizeSaNa pado me 'kta' pratyaya ke dyotaka 'a' ke rUpa me ~jaise kaDa - tarina-dAritam (de 2-20) kilimmina-kathitam (de. 2-32) (3) vargIya anunAsika vyajano ke syAnI rUpa meM ~ jaise kakoDa (de 2-7), kacI (de 2-1), go (3.2199) gavalayA (de. 2-85), gu pho (de. 2-90) visarga kA prayoga dezInAmamAlA ke kisI bhI zabda me visarga kA prayoga nahIM hai| isame sakalita prAkArAnta pulliga zabdo me antya vimarjanIya kA sarvatra 'no' ho gayA hai / saskRtavAla me hI kucha mthitiyo meM vimarjanIya ko 'yo' karane kI pravRtti calI zrA de nA mA ke gando kI anumbAra prayoga kI pravatti ke ThIka viparIta ina zabdo ke udAharaNa mdApa racI gayI gAvAmI meM garamavaNaM kI pravRti prAya hai kamame kama 'n' aura 'ma' ko to mavaMtra para varNa kara meM nivA gA hai| jaine dhammiya (de 6-9-16), manti (6-12-19) / parana hama niyama kA savanna vaDhAI me pAlana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| hama to mavaMtra anuyAra pa meM hI nide gaye hai na aura m kA banasvAra yaura para savaNaM dono hI pa prApta hotA hai pa kA mavaMtra para mavaNaM kAlA npa bhI hai| yaha hemacanA ko mAnyatA ke madaMyA banakalI hai unhoMne mi hai 811125 meM -ja-Na no vyajjana mUtra meM se mora ja so gavana banambAra majhA tayA anya ko vikalpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| hemacandra , ima mRtra ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue bhI de nA mA. parasavarNa kara ke ananAriyanoM (viyatana, ma) ko likhane kI pravRtti lipikAro ko mala bhI kahI jA sakatI hai 'paramapariTa' TayA dohA koza' ke lipikAroM meM bhI aisI ho nAnti dekhane meM jAtI hai|

Page #227
[ 215 rahI thii| prAtakAla meM yaha rada hokara Avazyaka niyama sI bana gayI / apabhra zakAla me unakA 'pro' gro. 'u' dono hI rUpa rahA / vastuta apabhra za me 'u' kA hI bAhunya hai usameM prayukna 'yo' prAkRtAmAsa kahA jA sakatA hai| sadhi aura svara saMyoga madhi - dezonAmamAlA ke zabdo me svaro kA sadhividhAna bilkula nahI hai| svarga meM sAkSara kahe jAne vAle 'ai' aura 'au' kI sthiti kisI bhI zabda me nahIM hai / inake sthAna para sarvana 'e' aura 'no' kA hI vyavahAra huA hai / kucha zabdo me 'e' ko 'praH' aura 'pro' ko 'pau' rUpa meM bhI vyavahRta kiyA gayA hai / isakA vistRta vivecana pIche 'ai' aura 'grI' kA vivecana karate samaya kiyA jA cukA hai| isa prakAra degInAmamAlA ke zabdo me svaro me saghividhAna kahI nahI milatA / do svara nAtha nAtha pAkara bhI 'para sannikarSa sahitA' ke niyama se eka dUsare se milakara ekAkAra nahIM hote, balki dono apanI alaga-alaga sthiti banAye rakhate haiN| dono kA uccAraNa bhI alaga alaga hotA hai| prakArAtara se svaro kI samIpastha yini ke hone hA bhI iname sadhikArya nahIM hotaa| pare koza me isa koTi ke svara sogo kI bharamAra hai| svaro kI yaha samIpamyatA vivati kahalAtI hai| Rgveda me bhI anna pada vivati ke do udAharaNa milate hai-tita u aura praugam / ina do zabdo me apaura u me samIpa rahate hue bhI 'guNavidhAna' nahI huA / lagabhaga sabhI vidvAno ne Rgveda ke ina do zabdo ko kisI jana-bhASA kI sampatti mAnA hai| dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI me isa prakAra kI trivRtiyo kI bharamAra hai / aise zabdo kI prAcInatA Rgveda kAla taka jA pahu catI hai / vaidika chAndas bhASA ke vAda saskRta me samIpastha svaro kA sadhi-vidhAna anivArya sA ho gyaa| lekina Age vikasita hone vAlI prAkRto me, bhASA ko svAbhAvika vikAsa prakriyA me uccAraNa zaithilya aura mukhasokarya ke kAraNa sadhividhAna zithila hotA gyaa| prAkRto me madhyavartI kSINa tyajano kA prAya lopa hI ho calA 11 jahA-jahA kSINa vyajana lupta hote vahA svaro kI sthiti banI raha jAtI thii| isa prakriyA se eka hI zabda me do-do, tIna tIna aura kahIMkahI cAra-cAra taka svara samIpastha hokara Ane lage aura uname paraspara sadhi-prakriyA kA abhAva ho claa| vyajano ke lopa aura unake sthAna para Ane vAle svaro ke kAraNa, kahI-kahI to zabdo kA artha karane meM kaThinAI hone lgii| saskRta ke do 1. ka ga ca ja ta da pa ya vA prAyolopa / prA pra 212

Page #228
216 ] zabda mRga aura mRta prAkRta meM 'maya' ke rUpa meM vikRta ho gye| aise zabdo ke artha nirvAgaNa me taraha-taraha kI kaThinAiyA~ bAne lgii| itanA hI nahIM eka hI zabda meM itane svaro kI bharamAra hone lagI ki umakA uccAraNa bhI kaThina hone lgaa| svaro ke uccAraNa me, mukha me zvAsavAya kA gatyavarova nahIM hotaa| ata.eka svara ke spaSTa uccAraNa ke bAda hI dUsarA svara uccarita ho sakatA hai / do, eka se svaro ke uccAraNa meM, vaktA ko paryApta prayAsa karanA par3atA hai / isI prakAra tIna tIna aura cAra svarokA uccAraNa to aura bhI kaThina hai| phira bhI prAkRto meM isa kaThinAI ke viparIta svara mayogo kI bharamAra hotI gyii| prAkRto kI ima vizeSatA kA patA hameM tatkAlIna likhita granyo se calatA hai / uma yuga me bolane dAlo kI pravRtti kaisI thI isakA patA lagA pAnA, eka sarvathA asambhava kArya hai / merI dRSTi meM prAkRto kA yaha svara vAilya unakI kRtrimatA kA dyotaka hai, prAkRtoM ke volane me itane adhika svara saMyoga mambhava nahIM rahe hoNge| dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI bhI prAkRto ke isI manviccheda vidhAna kA anusaraNa karatI hai / isakI zabdAvalI meM bhI vivRti pradhAna zabdAvalI kI bharamAra hai / prAkRta bhASAmo me svaro kI mamIpatA kI jitanI sthitiyA thI, sabhI kA nirUpaNa dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI meM bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| prAkRtoM me svara sayoga kI tIna sthitiyA prApta hotI haiM - vivRti yA saghi kA prabhAva prAcArya hemacandra ne apane prAkRta vyAkaraNa me spaSTa vidhAna kiyA hai ki dvata svara pare rahane para do svarga meM prApama me savi nahIM hogii| 1 vyaMjanoM kA lopa ho jAne ke bAda jo svara vaca rahate haiM, ve udbata svara klAte haiM / dezInAmamAlA ke tadbhava zabdo me yaha niyama dekhA jA sakatA hai / jaina aDagrI (saskRtaaSTaja.), amano (ma amRta ) aAura (ma prAtura), uana (sa Rjuka) Adi / (2) ya dhruti aura va ati - eka mvara ke uccAraNa se dUsare svara ke uccAraNa meM jAtI huI zvAmavAyu ke niralane se akasmAt koI halkI dhvani prAkara zrotA ko sunAyI dene lagatI hai / yahI ani kahalAnI hai / dhIre-dhIre vadatA aura zrotA ke bIca vyavahRta hote-hote yaha eka, spaSTa varNa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai| dezInAmamAlA kI dAvalI me yaha ati paura va vargoM ke rUpa meM vidyamAna dekhI jA sakatI hai / yaha ati-vidhAna prAya. ravRtta svaroM kA sthAnI banakara pAtA hai| 1 svaramyo / aima 81118

Page #229
[ 217 ina prakAra kA atividhAna ma bhA. prA ke lie koI navIna vastu nahI hai / saskRta me akArAnta prathama bahuvacana ke visarga ko svara anta stha aura varNoM ke antima tIna varNoM ke pare hone para ya kA Agama ya zruti hI hai / aise sthalo para visarga kA prabhAva ho jAtA hai aura dono pado ke bIca me ya ati ke rUpa meM A jAtA hai / yaha zruti vidhAna bhI prAya vikalpa se hotA hai / bolane me 'ya' ke na sunAyI par3ane para zruti vidhAna nahI bhI hotA / udAharaNa ke lie devA + iha ko liyA jA sakatA hai / ya dhruti kA Agama hone para yaha devAyihi tathA zrati ke na sunAyI par3ane para devAiha rUpo meM prayukta hotA hai / saskRta kA 'iyaDa' Adeza bhI ya zruti hI hai| saMskRta ke bAda prAkRto me isa zruti kA prayoga bahutAyata se hone lagA / apabhra za me pazcimI aura uttarI kSetro me tathA jaina lekhako kI bhASA me ya zruti kI bahulatA dekhI jA sakatI hai, isake viparIta pUrvI kSetra kI bhASAmo me isakA prayoga apekSAkRta nyUna hai| dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI kA sambandha bhI adhikAzata ma. bhA pA se hai, ata isame bhI ya zruti-vidhAna kI pravRtti spaSTatayA lakSita kI jA sakatI hai / kucha udAharaNa draSTavya haiM - pratyayAriyA-sakhI (1-16), amayaNiggamo candra. (1-15), Amalaya -napuragRham (1-67), uvakaya-sajjita sa upakRta (1-119), mAyando-pAmra (6-128) rayaNiddhaya-kumuda sa rajanIdhvajam (7-4) layApuriso sa. latApuruSo (7-201, vayADo-zuka saskRta vAcATa (7-56) Adi / i ke bAda 'e' svara ke sayoga me bhI 'ya' zruti sunI jA sakatI haiM / va zruti kA prayoga bhI saskRta kAla se hI pracalita rahA hai / saMskRta me 'u' ke sthAna para 'uvaDa' zrAdeza va zruti hI hai / prAkRta aura apabhra zakAla me bhI 'va' zruti kA prayoga milatA hai, parantu yaha ya zrati ke prayoga kI bhAMti vyApaka nahI hai / ma mA prA me kabhI-kabhI proSThasthAnIya varNoM kI samIpatA samIkaraNa yA kabhI-kabhI asamIkaraNa me bhI 'va' zrati ke hone kI paryApta sambhAvanA haiN| isake 'prokArAnta' zabdo me halkI va zruti sarvatra sunAyI paDatI hai, parantu prAyaH ise svara 'o' ke rUpa me hI likhA gayA hai / sampUrNakoza me 'prokArAnta' zabdo kI bharamAra hai| ina zabdo ke bolane me nizcita rUpa se 'va' zruti kA Agama ho jAtA rahA hogaa| kucha zabdo ko va zruti sayukta kara, likhA bhI gayA hai, jaise-aNuvo- balAtkAra (2-19) / parantu trivikrama ne ise 'aNuo' rUpa me hI diyA hai / 'u' ke bAda 'no' tathA 'A' ke bAda pro svara ke uccAraNa me halkI 'va' zruti sunI jA sakatI hai / yadyapi ise sarvatra 'o' rUpa me hI likhA gayA hai / va zruti kA spaSTa prayoga kahI-kahI 'akArAnta'

Page #230
218 ] pado me huA hai / dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI me 'va zruni' ke kucha udAharaNa nimnalikhita haiM prANavo-svapaca. (1-64), ha kurukho-a jaliH (8-71) / dezInAmamAlA ke zabdoM me 'va' dhruti kI sthiti inhI do zabdo me, spaSTatayA likhita rUpa me prApta hotI hai / anya zabdo meM sthita hote hue bhI yaha svaro 'a', 'yA' tathA 'o' ke rUpa me likhI gayI hai / kucha aise zabda ullekhanIya hai humo-jIrNaghaTa (4-11) thopro-rajaka. (5-32) paDoyo-vAla (6-9), parabhAno-suratam (6-27), pUmA-pizAcagRhItA (6-54), bhAmo-jyeSTha bhaginIpatiH (6-102) bhapuprA-zivA (6-101), bhUmiSimAgrI-nAla (6-107) grAdi anyAneka zabdo ke uccAraNa me va zruti vidyamAna dekhI jA sakatI hai para lipi me inheM svaro ke rUpa me hI likhA gayA hai| isa pra ra dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI sadhi-vidhAna ko to prazraya detI hI nahIM, ya zruti zrIra va ati bhI prAya tadbhava aura kucha hI dezI zabdo me milatI hai| iname sarvatra svaro kI ubRtatA hI pravAna hai / uddhRtasvaro ke nimnalikhita sayoga dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvaNI me dekhe jA sakate haiMana-a-vistAritam (2-49), uana -Rjukam (1.88), daaccharo-nAma vAmI (5-36) TaharI-muga (5-34), samagra-zilA (8-46) / aprA-magrAi - ziromAlA (6-115)-pUre koza me yahI eka udAharaNa hai / ai- ahaNa-gintiTam (1-10), airo-pAyukta (1-16), aArajuvaI-navavadhU (1-48) ahahArA vidya t (1-34), yaha svara saMyoga bahutAyata se milatA hai| aI- praharajubaI (1-148), kramaI-araNyavArIphala (2.6) khaDaI-asato (2 67), rAyagaI-jalokA (ekaghAma) (7-4}, vittaI-gavita (7-91), maI-suga (6-113) I ko 'i' rUpa meM hrasvakara dene kI pravRtti ke kAraNa 'aI' svara nayoga adhikANa sthalo para 'aI' ke rUpa meM pA gayA hai, jaise gaImAsaya ko gaimAsatra kara diyA gayA hai / dIrgha ko hrasva karake bolane kI pravRtti, loka bhASAmro kI bahuta prAcIna pravRtti hai / praTa- gAupa-pradhAnam (2-56), kAula-karIpam (2-7), kaTaha-nityam (2-5), cadama catvaram (3-2), upakarI-kArtikeya (3-5), cauraciyo mAtavAina (3-7), paTanya-prodhitma (6-66) vADhahArI-sammAnI (6-97)

Page #231
[ 219 praU- paU Dha gRham (6-4), maU-parvataH (6-113), vaU-lAvaNyam (8-30) / kula itane hI zabda hai| pae- avaeigrA-madya parivepaNabhANDam (1-118) paero-guphA kA dvAra (6-67), paemo-paDosI (6-3), kula tIna hI zabda haiM / anI- ajjayo-gureTakatRNam (1-54), ajjhano-paDIsI (1-17), aNheano bhrAnta (1-21), abaDo-ghAsa kA ghokha (1-20) indaDDhalano-candro tyApanam (1-82) Adi / yaha svara sayoga pracura mAtrA me hai| prAgra-prAyaDDiya-paravazacalitam (1-69), pAllI jhATa bheda (1-61), Apallo roga 11-75), progrAage astasamaya (1-162) mAalibA-mAtRSvasA (6-131 ) aadi| pApA-yaha svara-sayoga dezInAmamAlA ke kisI bhI zabda me nahI hai / Ai- prAippaNa-piSTam ( .78), prAisaNa-ujjhata-choDA huA (1-71), karA iNI-zAtmalitaru (2-18), pattapasAinA-pulinda ke zira para rakhA gayA donA (6-2), viggAiyA-joDe me rahane vAlA kIDA (6-93) Adi / prAI- jAI-surA (1-45), viggAI-joDe me rahane vAlA kIDA (6-93), sAI-kesara (8 22), i dagAI-joDe me rahane vAlA kIDA (1-81) ityAdi / prAu-pAuro-sagrAma. (1-65), pAula- araNyam (1-62), Ausa-cam (1-65), pAuna -hiyam (6-38), pAuggo-samyaH (6-41) ityAdi / pAU- pAU-salilama (1-61), pAUDia - tapaNaH (1-68), pAUra-atizayam ( 1-76),jAjarI-surA (1-45), pAU-vibhakta (6-75) ityAdi / zrAe- isa svara-sayoga kA sarvathA abhAva hai / udAharaNa kI gAthAno me strI zabdo me vibhakti ke pratyaya ke rUpa me isakA vyavahAra huA hai-jaise-aliNAehi, viproaparAe prAdi / prAro- unbhAro-zAntaH (1-96), progrAmo-grAmAdhIza (1-166) chAtrao-bubhukSita (3-33), jahAjAo-jaDa (341), gAo-garviSTha (4-23), palAmo cauraH (6-8) ityAdi / ia- avina -uktam (1-10), pAreia -mukulitam (1-77), kai kasaI-nikara (1-13), kaia ko (2-13), kAsima-sUkSmavastra (2-59) ityAdi / iA- pAvareiyA-karikA (1-71) kasizrA-araNyacArIphalam (2-6), kAlimA

Page #232
220 ] zarIram (2-58) gaNagAiyA-caNDI (2-87),cu cuNiyA-TapakA huyA (3-23) ruiraigrA-utkaThA (7-18) ityAdi / ii- kiriiriyA-varNopakaNikA (2-61), iu- kaiulla stokam / 2-21), kAyapiucchA yA kAyapiulA-kokilA (2-30), riNaukkaraNo vAyana (4-27) riNa ukko-tUpaNIka (cuppA (6-27), iU- vikarina napTam (7-72) DA- paDielli gro-kRtArtha 6-32) / pUre koza me yahI eka zabda hai| udAharaNa kI gAthAo me isa vivRti kA prayoga prAya humA / nivibhaktika hone ke kAraNa mUla zabda me isa kA vyavahAra kama huA hai| igro- kamigro - upamarpita (2-3), kamhigro-mAlika (2-8), kasaNasino balabhadra (2-23), ku Digro-grAmAdhipati. ( 2-37), khaDaigro-sakucita (2-72), cuNNaigro-cUrNAhata (3-17) | Ia- prosarIya adhomukham (1-171), bIano-prasanavRkSa (6-93) ,vIajayaNaM (6-93) mIna -samakAlam (6-133), vIsa-vidhuram (6-93) / IgrA-raNIyAraNa-balighaTI (4-43), saralIyA-eka kIDA (8-15) / IDa- sIDayA jhaDI (8-34) / Iu- vacchIutto-nApita (7-47), sIuggaya-mujAtam (8-34) Iyo- ahirIyo kAntihIna (1-27), auggIyo-nIhAra (1-149) promIgro-adhomukha (1-158), chAIyo devI-mAtA (3-26), ghUmaddhayamahimIyo-kRttikA (5-62), pappIgro-cAtaka (6-12) ityAdi / ugra, upagra Rju (1-88), upakkima puraskRtam (1-107), ugracitto-apagataH (1-108) uparI-zAkinI (1-199), ugraha pazyat (1-198), upahArI dogdhI (1-108) ityAdi / ugrA - upAlI avatama (1-90), ucchupAra-chipA huA (1-115), unmugrAga-dUgha kA uphAna (1-105), koupA-kaDe kI Aga (2-48) / ui- sai tagam uttarIyama (1-103), aruigrA-utkaThA (7-8), uNNuiao-hukAra. (1-132) / uI- komurda-mApUrNimA (2-48), chaMkuI tathA chuI-kevAca-(3-24) / uTha- puupA-tumbIpAtram (1-112)

Page #233
/ 221 uU- kula-nIvI (2-38) upro-grohayo abhibhUtaH-parAjitaH (1-158), kolhupro-Ikha perane kA kolhU (2-65 ', jhAyo-mazaka (3-54), jheDapro-kanduka (3-59), paugro-dinam (6-5) / kA- jUnapro-cAtaka (3-47), gihUpra-suratam (4-26), pU-dadhi (6-56), mUpralo-mUtrallo mUka (6-137) / prA-japA-yUka (1-139). pUgrA-pizAcagRhItA (6-54), kai- sUipro-cANDAla (8-39) / kaI- sUI majarI (8-41) / ko- cUno-stanAgra (3-18), tUpro-ikSukarmakara (5-16), tuDUmo-jINaMghaTa' (5-15), do hUA-zava (5-49), puruhUro ullU (6-55), phUao-lohakAraH (6-85) ema- aAheano-bhrAnta (1-21), meprajja-dhAnyam (6-38), mero asahana (6-38) veallaM-mRdu (6-75) / emA-keyA-rajju (2-44), keArabAgo-palAza (2-45), kheAlU-asahya (2-77) pesAla-pramANam (6-57), venAriyA-keza (6-95) / ei- prAreina mukulitam (1-77), pAvareiyA-karikA (1-71) uvaeiaA-madya pariveSaNa bhANDam (1-118) vibheima -sUcyAviddham (7-67) / eu- NeuDDo-sadbhAva' (4-44), eU- keU kandaH (2-44), epro- cheno-anta (3-38), sAhivicchepro-jaghanam (4-24), parepro-pizAcaH (6-12), sepro-gaNapati (8-42) / propa-prona vArtA (1-149), prograggina-abhibhUtam (1-72), propragvina-ghrAtam (1-162) zrIna ko-gajitam (1-154), proallo-paryastaH-(1-165) zrIpA-progrAro-grAmAdhIza. (1-166), proprAlI-khaDgadoSa' (1-151), progrAlo. alpa zrota * (1-151), progrAvalo-bAlAtapa (1-161) / soi aoitta -paridhAnam (1-155) poilla-prArUDham (1-158), koilA-kASTA. gAra. (2-49), joipro-khadyota (3-50) /

Page #234
222 } proI- kuDDagiloI-gRhoghA (2-19), ghammoI-gaMDutsaMjJakatuNam (2-106), noI vidyuta (3-49) proDa-koTA-karIyAgni (2-48) / propro-joro-candra (3 48), Dhograu-dAnhastaH (lakaDI kA cammaca) (6-11), yoyo-rajakaH (5-32), durAlomo-nimiram (5-46), poyo-dhavavRkSaH (6-81) do svaro ke prApasI saMyoga ke atirikta dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI me tIna-tIna aura khI-kahI cAra-cAra mbaro kA eka saMyoga milatA hai / aise zabdoM ko dekhakara Azcarya me paDa jAnA hotA hai| do svaroM kA eka sAtha kiyA gayA uccAraNa hI atyanta kaThina hotA hai phira tIna-tIna yA cAra-cAra svaro kA eka sAtha uccAraNa kaThina nahIM, asambhava mA lagatA hai / aise svara sayogo ko dekhate hue, eka mabhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai- madhyakAlIna bhAratIya prAya bhAgo me vyajanoM ke sgana para nvara ke uccAraNa kI pravRtti jora pakaTatI jA rahI thI, isa pravRtti ko lagabhaga sabhI vaiyyAkaraNo ne loka mApA kA prabhAva batAyA hai| nava loka bhASA ke prabhAva se grasta tatsama zabdo me vyajano ke uccAraNa kI pravRtti nahI rahI to mvaya lokamAyAyo me vyajanI kA uccAraNa banAye ranvanA kahA~ taka upayukta hotA / mabhavata prAkRtIkaraNa kI isI prakriyA meM kucha dezI zabdo ke vyajana-uccAraNa ko samApna hI kara diyA gayA hogA / aise zabdo kA nizcita hI prAkRtIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai, kyoki aise zabda mAmAnya janatA ke bolacAla ke zabda nahIM ho sakate / isa geTi ke kucha vara-mayogo ke udAharaNa nIce diye jA rahe haiM aagra - magra-zilA (8-46) prayAI - manAI-zigemAlA (6-115 1 aDagra - kaDagaMko-nikara (2-13) 1 aiyA - pograDayA nidrAkarIlatA (6-63) / prahara - kATalla-stoka (2-24) / aDagro - vaDagro-pIta (6-34) / praTana - kaTana-pradhAnam (2-56) / mAyagro - pANAagro-zvapacaH (6-38) / pATana -- pavahAigra-pAge baDhA hRyA (6-34), pAiavadana vistAra (6-38)

Page #235
[ 223 prAimA pattapasAigrA-pUliMda ke sira para rakhA huA patte kA honA (6-2) / prAIgro -- chAIpro-devI-bhAga (2-26) : prAupra - pAupra-himam (6-38) / bhAumA - mAuprA-sakhI (6-147) / igrayo - Asipro-lohamaya. (1-67), khiluttahiro bhrAntaH (7.63) upa -upagra-Rju (1-88) / uiyA - earuignA-utkaThA (6-8) / uigro-uNNuigro-hakAra, (1-132} 1 uuyo - kuupA-tumvIpAtram (2-12) / Uprayo - jUano-cAtaka' (3-47) / ei - vibheina -sUcyAviddham (7-67) / eigrA - pAvareiyA-karikA (1-71) / prograyo -toagro-cAtaka (5-18) prograyo - progrAmo-grAmAdhIza. (1-166), pomAo-mAmapradhAna (6-60) zroina - pahoina-paryAptam (6-26) / zroiyA -~- poizA-nidrAkarIlatA (6-63) / zroDao - choDo-dAsa (3-33), poino-halavAI (6-61) joyo jugunU (3-50) / zrIupro - poupA-karISArina (661) : cAra svaro ke ekatra saMyoga aeimA -- uvaeiaA-padyapariveSaNabhANDam (1-118) progrAmo - propApramo-astasamaya (1-162) / prograiA - pomajhA-poI nAmaka latA (6-63) / svarAghAta svarAghAta vastutaH kisI bhASaNa prakriyA ko aMga hotA hai| isakA sabhyatA nirdhAraNa kisI bolI jAne vAlI bhASA me hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| dezInAma. mAlA kI zabdAvalI prati prAcIna bhASaNa prakriyA se sambandhita hai| isakA vyavahAra ma. bhA mA. kAla me prAyaH hunA hai / isakA prApta likhita rUpa itanA kliSTa hai ki

Page #236
224 ] isake mAtra likhita bhASA hone kI vika sabhAvanA hai| apane lambe lambe eva aTapaTe svara mayogo ke kAraNa kimI jIvita-bhASA se isakA sambandha rahA hogA, ainA kaha pAnA sabhava nahIM hai| isame svarAvAta kA nirdhAraNa ma bhA zrA ke anugamana para kiyA jA sakatA hai / ma bhA thA prAkRta aura apabhra za bhApAe balAghAta pradhAna nahIM nhiiN| vaidika bhASA kA jaTila svara-vidhAna, brAhmaNa kAla taka TInA par3ane lagA thaa| saskRta meM, yaha vilkula samApta hI ho gyaa| yahI sthiti ma bhA pA kI bhI rahI / inhI kI paramparA meM vikasita yA bhA. yA vizeSatayA hindI bhI balAghAta pradhAna bhASA nahIM hai| parantu jima prakAra hindI me kucha vizeSa prakAra ke zabdo me balAghAta nizcita hai, umI prakAra dhvani-vikAro ke adhyayana se hindI kI pUrvavartI bhApAtro se sambanvita 'dezya' zabdAvalI me bhI valAvAta ke niyamo ko DhUMDhA jA sakatA hai| dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI meM balAghAta-nirdhAraNa nimnatpo me kiyA jA sakatA hai - (1) yakSarAtmaka manAyo tathA vizeSaNo me svarAghAta prathama akSara para paDatA hai- dina-divasa pUgra-dadhi, phUa-lohAraH ityAdi / (2) tryakSarAtmaka majJAyo zrAra vizeSaNo me pravRtti prathamAkSara se svara para hI balAvAta TAlane kI hairivikraya-rigima , gigiNaM ityAdi / (3) catugakSarAtmaka yA adhikAlarAtmaka zabdo yA samasta zabdo me, svarA. vAta prathama svara para na rahakara mavyasvara yA upAntya svara para rahatA paDiamana, paDigra tapa, pahialI, phohiya, bhayavaggAmo, mayariNavAmo ityaadi| (4) mayukta vyajanoM ke pahale ke 'e' aura 'no' prAya hambIkRta rUpa meM uccarita hote haiM aura batAghAta sayukta vyajana vAle svarI para hotA hai jaiseukkAmina, uparo, ekk paritlo, ekkasAhillo, do sayukta vyaMjano ke eka ke bAda prAne para batAgata prAya antima mayukta vyajana ke svara para hotA haina ekve km|

Page #237
[ 225 Upara kucha balAghAta ke udAharaNa diye gaye haiN| jahAM taka dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI me balAghAta DhUDhane kA prazna hai, paga-paga para navIna samasyAeM uTha khaDI hotI haiN| yahA sakSepa me isa tattva kA bhI vivecana kara diyA gayA hai / merA to dRDha mantavya hai ki ina zabdo kA bahuta adhika prAkRtIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / jisa rUpa me ye sAmAnya janatA me bole jAte rahe hoge, usI rUpa me inakA sakalana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| de. nA mA ke vyajana dhvanigrAma dezInAmamAlA ke zabdo me vyavahRta vyajana dhvanigrAma pUrNa rUpeNa ma bhA prA. ke vyajana dhvanigrAmo kA anusaraNa karate haiM / Rgveda prAtizAkhya tathA yaju. prAtizAkhya me kula vyajana varNo kI sakhyA 37 mAnI gayI hai| iname 25 sparza, 4 anta stha tathA 8 Upama vyajana parigaNita diye gaye haiN| maharSi pANini ne apane mahezvara sUtra me kula 33 vyajana varNa mAne, iname 25 sparza, 4 anta stha aura 4 USma varNa sammilita haiM / pANini ne prAtizAkhyo me vyajano ke bIca gine gaye visarga, jihvAmUlIya, upadhmAnIya tathA anusvAra ko apane pratyAhAra sUtra me nahI sammilita kiyaa| pANini kI hI mAnyatA saMskRta me dRDha ho gyii| Age calakara bharata ne apane nATyazAstra meM prAkRto me vyavahRta vyajano para vicAra kiyA, unhone prAkRtoM me z, Sa, Da ja aura n kA abhAva dekhA ata ina 5 ko nikAlakara unhone prAkRta vyajano me kevala 28 vyajano kI hI gaNanA kI, ve isa prakAra haiM ka kha ga gh, ca cha ja jha, T Th D Dh Na, va th d dhU ppha b bh m ya, ra la v, s ha / ina vyajana dhvaniyo me 'ya' hI eka aisI dhvani hai jisakA vyavahAra zabdAdi me prAya. nahI hotA (kevala ardhamAgadhI ko choDa kara) zabdoM ke madhya me zuddha rUpa meM tathA anta me ya zruti ke rUpa me isakA uccAraNa hotA hai / zabdo ke Adi meM ardhamAgadhI ke kucha apavAdo ko choDakara sarvatra 'j' ke rUpa me uccarita hotA hai| 1. 2. R prA 10 'hayavaraT laNa jamaghaNanam jha bhana, dhaDhaghaSa, javahadaz ravaphachayacaTatam pay zaSasara hala / "

Page #238
226 } nAmikya dhvaniyo Da, ja aura n kA bhI astitva kucha prAdezika bhApAno aura unake / granyo' meM milatA hai, parantu prAya inakA vyavahAra nahI hI huA hai| ___ ma mA prA ke upayukta vyajana dhvanigrAmo kA prayoga dezInAmamAlA ke zabdo me bhI huA hai / Adima ya kA ja tathA usakA aprayoga Da, ja, na jaisI anunAmika dhvaniyo kA abhAva tathA Upma za, pa prAdi kA aprayoga ma. bhA pA kI sArI vizeSatAeM ina zabdo me dekhI jA sakatI hai| inameM prayukta vyajana dhvanigrAmo kI prakRti kA vivecana isa prakAra hai| ka-komalatAlavya yA kaNThya' vAma aghopa, alpaprANa, niranunAsika mparza dhvani hai / vaidika mApA me yaha zuddha kaNThya dhvani thii| mamkRta me isakA uccAraNa jihvAmUla se haTakara jihvA ke pazca bhAga aura kaNTha ke antima UparI bhAga se hone lgaa| yA bhA prA. me isakA uccAraNa jihvApazca aura komalatAlu se hone lagA hai / yahI uccAraNa ma bhA pA me bhI rahA hogA / de nA. mA. me vyavahRta 'ka' dhvanigrAma ma bhA grA. ke hI uccAraNa kA anusaraNa karane vAlA mAnA jA sakatA hai / ma bhA. prA. me kimI bhI vya nana dhvanigrAma kI zuddha sthiti prAdi aura madhya meM hI milatI hai| vyajanAnta pado kA yahA sarvathA abhAva hai| sabhI pada svaganta hI haiM, ata vyajana dhvanigrAmo kI zuddha sthiti anta meM nahIM miltii| yaha viziSTatA de nA mA ke zando kI bhI hai| prA bhA yA kA 'k' dhvanigrAma dezya zabdo me sarvathA surakSita hai / jaise ___kamalo-piThara (2-54), karAlI-dantapavanakApTham (2-12) karAiNIzAramanitA (2-18) / ma. bhA yA me prA bhA pA ke ka, vala, ska, kva Adi ke sthAnIya dhvaninAma 'ka' kA vyavahAra huA hai / parantu anAta vyutpattika 'deNya' zabdo me isa liyama kI pariNati nahIM dekhI jAtI / dezInAmamAlA ke zabdo kA madhyavartI 'ka' dhvanigrAma ma bhA pA ke 'k' yA 'ka' kA hI anumaraNa hai jaise - ka- akAni paryAptam (1-8), akAro sAhAyyam (1-9), kavelI-azokavRkSa (2-12), kakoDa (2-7) / 1. dAna ke anya paThamagui -kInilatA Adi meM banasvAra ko paramavaNaM banAkara i jana kA maNiya mbIkAra kiyA gayA hai| zrI mAyANI ne pANDalipi ke janambAra ko niSkAraNa panamadagNina kara madina gayA hai magayA umame ha ja aura na kA astitva madehA. pada hai| kAlinA mAdi meM paramavaNaM kA myAna maskRta tatmama ke yanakaraNa para hai|" - yapadhra zabhASA kA madhyayana-4 76, DA vIrendra zrI.

Page #239
[ 227 kka-kakkasAro-dagodana (2-14), ekkekkam - anyonyam ( 1 - 145 ) (jugrA) 1-159) zrAdi / okkaNI - yUka zabdo ke upAnta me 'ka' 'kka' dhvanigrAma ke prayoga ke kucha udAharaNa ye haiMkai ko - nikara (2-13 ) prakkA - bhaginI ( 16 ) prakko - dUta ( 1-6 ) / vizeSa - dezInAmamAlA me 'ku' dhvanigrAma se prArambha hone vAle zabda saMkhyA me 312 hai| kha kaNThya yA komalatAlavya, zvAma graghoSa, vyajana dhvanigrAma hai / de nA mA kI zabdAvalI me mahAprANa isakI bhI / zraura madhyavartI sthiti hI milatI hai antima sthiti 'upAnta' rupa me hI sabhI zabdo ke svarAnta hone ke kAraNa isakI milatI hai / isa koza me 'kha' se prArambha hone vAle zabdoM kI saMkhyA 81 hai / tathA niranunAsika, kevala prArambhavartI zrArambhavartI sthiti me yaha do rUpo me milatA hai ( 1 ) ma bhA zrA kA mUla 'kh' dhvanigrAma - jaise - khaTTikko-zaunika. (2-70) khaDakkI - laghuddhAram ( hindI khiDakI ) (2-71), khapparo- rukSa ( hindI khapar3A ) (2-69) I (2) prA bhA. A ke 'ska' kA sthAnIya kha-jaise khaghuggI 8 skandhAgnisthUlenvanAgni ( 2-70 ), khavamamo skanvamRz yA skandha-asa-bAhu. (2-71), khavayaTTI [skanvayaSTi - vAhu ( 2-71 ), prA bhA zrA kI isa koTi ke kula tIna hI zabda haiM / prA bhA grA ke 'kSa' sthAnIya 'kha' de nA. mA kisI bhI zabda me prArambhavartI sthiti me nahI milatA / kevala madhyavartI sthiti me AyA hai / madhyavartI sthiti me isa koza ke zabdo me AyA huA 'kha' ma. bhA. jhA ke 'kha' 'kkha' kA anugamana hai / kha - bhakharo - zuSkataru ( 3-54), jhakho - tuSTa (3-53 ) 1 kkha - tatukkhoDI - vAyakatantropakaraNa (5-7) khikkhirI - yaSTi ( 2-73), khaNukkhuDiyA - ghrANam ( 2-76 ) / kkhakSa - cakkhurakkhaNI - lajjA ( 37 ), gakkhattaNomi - viSNu ( 4-22 ), kkhaLkSya -- hailakkha- rati sayogaH 8 ratilakSya ( 7-13 ) / kkhatkSa - hakkhutta - utpaTita utkSipta /

Page #240
228 ] vaja [ka -- giktro cora kAJcanam niSka (4-47 ) / vivalabhI-sthAnam 8 viSkambha. / (7-88 ) / banda - paDilavI - jalavahanam pratiskanbI (6-28) isa prakAra madhyavartI sthiti me grAyA huA 'kla' ma bhA grA kA pUrNarupeNa zranumaraNa karatA hai / ga---- yaha komala tAlavya, nAda, ghopa, alpaprANa, niranunAsika sparzava hai / denA mA meM 'ga' se prArambha hone vAle 119 zabda hai / yAdi, madhya tathA upAnta me sarvatra isakI sthiti milatI hai / prArambhavartI sthiti me isame mabhA thA. kA 'ga' tathA prA. bhA. A. kA 'pra' pratinihina milatA hai gaDho- durgama ( 2-81), galitra - smRta (2-81), gavatta - ghAma (2-85) gagra - gAmaNI grAmapradhAna grAmaraNI (2-89), gAmaharaNa - grAmasthAnam-grAmasthAnam ga - (2-90) madhyavartI sthiti - pra. bhA dyA. ga gAmagoho- grAmapradhAna ( 289 ), gAgejja - mathita (2-88), yAgejjA navapariNItA ( 2-88 ) 1 prAbhA yA ka7 ga rahagellI - zrabhilapita ratikeli (7-3), agodAnava. kAya ( 1-6 ) gha ma. mA. zrI gA- khaggiyo- grAmeza ( 2-69). thaggayA - cacu ( 5-26 ) / magga-aggaveo-nadIpUra [ agravega ( 1-29) 1 gna7gga-praggina - indragopakITa agnikAya (1-53), idaggI-tuhina indrAgni (1-80 ) 1 dugga - ramAhi gRhIta [ragrAhitam (1-137) / dgagga - zroggalo- J-uer dia Lezme (1-151) | gaMga-gavArI [gagarI ( 289 ), saggo - pazcAt mArgata. (6 - 111 ) / yaha komalatAlavya, nAda, ghoSa, mahAprANa, nignunAsika sparzaM vyajana dhvanigrAma hai| de nA mA me 'gha' se prArambha hone vAle zabdoM kI saMkhyA kula 61

Page #241
[ 229 yAnmmavartI 'gha' dezya zabdoM me apane zuddha rUpa me milatA hai| kucha tadbhava pAdo me yaha 'ga' kA sthAnIya hai| prA bhA yA 'gha'-ghaDI-gopThI (2-105), ghAro prAkAraH (2-108) prAdi / madhyavartI sthiti gha-ghagho-gRham (2-105). ghaghAro-bhramaNazIla (2-106) ggha-ghagghara - jaghanasthavastrabhedaH (2-107), agghADo-apAmArga (baheDA kA vRkSa) (1-108) prA bhA. prA. prAgya pragghANo-tRpta:pAghrANaH (1-19), dgha7gdha - ugyAyo-saghAta (udghAta' (1-126), uddhRDha Ta-pusita udghuSTam (1-99) 'gha' kA upAntya prayoga bhI kama hI hai| cavargIya vyaMjana dhvanigrAma prAcIna vaiyAkaraNo ne ka varga se lekara pavarga taka ke sabhI vyaMjanoM ko sparza sajJA dI thI --'kAdamAmAvasAnA sparzAH" / sparza varNoM ke uccAraNa me zvAsavAyu ko mukha viyara me prAgamana avarodha aura sphoTana ina tIna sthitiyo se gujaranA paDatA hai / prAdhunika bhApA vaijJAnika sabhI vargIya pacama vargoM tathA cavargIya vyajano ko sparza vyajana nahI svIkAra karate / ve vargIya pacama varNoM ko anunAsika tathA cavargIya vyajano ko sparza sagharSI mAnate haiM / cavargIya vyajano ke uccAraNa me zvAsavAyu ko sagharpa kara nikalanA paDatA hai, ata inhe sparza saMgharSI dhvaniyo kI koTi me rakhanA hI upayukta mAnA gayA hai / de nA mA ke zabdo se sparza sagharSI dhvaniyo kI prakRti nimna prakAra hai yaha tAlavya, zvAsa, aghoSa, alpaprANa, niranunAsipha, sparza sagharSI dhvani hai / de nA mA me 'ca' se prArambha hone vAle kula 116 zabda haiM / dezya zabdo me prArambhavartI 'ja' prA. bhA pA ke hI 'ca' kA anugamana hai-jaise caukka-catvarama (3-2), ekappA-tvak (3-7), caDulA-kAcanazU khalAlambita. ratnatilakam (3-8) / prA bhA. pA ke 'ka' aura 'cya' ke sthAnIya prArambhavartI 'ca' kA dezya zabdoM me sarvathA prabhAva hai| madhyavartI aura upAnta rUpa me isa koza ke zabdo kA 'ca' prA sA mA. ke 'ca' tathA ma. bhA prA ke 'cca' kA anugamana karatA hai|

Page #242
230 ] ca-catrappara-asatyaM (3-4), ciricirA-jalAdhArA (3-13) ___upAnta me ciMcA-amlikA (3-10), ciciNiciMcA'-amlikA (3-10) / cca - uccAro- vimala (1-97), uccu co-dRpta- (1-99), viccograyo-upadhAnam (6-68) / upAnta me - cicco-cipiTanAsa {3-9), ciccI-hutAsana (3-10), cokucco sasneha (3-15) / pra bhA. yA tyAcca-kacca-kArya [kRtya (3-2), paccuttha-boyA huA / pratyupta (6-13), maccilana -satya / satya (8-14) / rcAcca-caccA-sthApaka carcA (3-19) caccikka-bhaNDita cacikA (3-4) mna27cca-paccuhina prastuta (duhA hugrA) (6-25) | tpAcca-uccAritra / utpATita (ukhADA huA) (1-14) / ye sabhI vikAra ma nA A ke anurUpa hI hai / yaha tAlavya, zvAsa, aghopa, mahAprANa, niranunAsika, sparza-sagharSI dhvani haiN| de nA mA me isase prArambha hone vAle zabdo kI sasyA 82 hai| dezya zabdo me prArambhavatI 'cha ma bhA pA ke 'cha' kA anugamana hai / tadbhava zabdo me yaha prA mA yA 'kSa' 'pa' 'ga' kA sthAnIya hokara pAyA hai| udAharaNa nimna haicha- Dallo-vidagdha (3-24) udI zaiyA (3-24), chaTA-vidyuta (3-24) chavaDI-carma (3-25) / prA mA pA pAcha chapparago-vidagdha 7paTaprana (3-24) / mAcha-challI-bakza nya (3-24), chamalo:-saptacchada [zAlmali (3-25) / kSa72 -- churamaDI-sarahAta / kSuramadaM (nApita) (3-31) churahatyo-nApita jharahasta (3-31) choho- mamUha kSobhaH (3-39) / madhyavartI sthiti aura upAnta me yaha 'I' aura 'ccha' rUpo me milatA hai| sabadI manda meM 3-3 yA1-4 dAra eka hI dhvanigrAma kA prayoga 'dezya' zabdo kI mAmAnya vigalA haimendoM kA mana Ta danA yA unheM kisI bhASA vizeSa se sambaddha kara pAnA danhahI nahIM yamammada mAya hai| pabitana mA mAnA hai ki navIna vamta hai| manapaTara semI yApana kiyA jA manasA hai / ma mA yA. meM prI mA.yA sAcha ke mI udAharaNa milate hai jaise chahA mughA /

Page #243
[ 231 cha - hiMchayo deha (3-36) chichaTaramaNa-cakSusthaganakrIDA (3-30) / chicholI-laghujalapravAha (hindI chichalA) (3-27) ccha- paDicchagro-samaya : (6-16), paDicchado-mukham (6-24), paDicchiNA pratihArI (6-21) / upAnta me '-praccha-pratyartha (1-49), ucchucch-dRpta (1-99) uccha-vAta (1-85). ucchuccha-dRpta (1-99) aAdi / prA. bhA. yA kssaacch-ucchivddnn-nimiilnm| akSipatanam (1-39) / acchiharullo-he pya [kSihara (1-41) / upAnta me bhI-kANacchI-kANAkSidRSTa kAraNAkSi (2-24) / prA bhA pA-tmAccha-ucchagina -puraskRta ! utsagita (1-107) vaccIutto--nApita vAtmIputra (7-47), (vacchIvo-gopa [vatsIya (7-41) / prA bhA yA ghAccha-paccheNaya LpAtheya (6-24) / yaha tAlavya nAda, ghoSa, alpaprANa niranunAsika sparza saghI dhvani hai / de. nA. mA. me ja' se prArambha hone vAle 73 zabda haiN| iname 13 zabdo kA 'ja' prA bhA pA ke 'ya' kA tathA 8 zabdo kA 'ja' prA mA pA ke 'dha' kA sthAnIya hai| ma bhA prA kI hI paramparA me de nA mA me bhI 'ya' se kisI zabda kA prAramma nahI huaA hai / zavdAdi me yaha 'ja' ke rUpa me AyA hai| dezya zabdo ke prArambhavartI 'ja' kI sthitiyo ke udAharaNa isa prakAra hai__ja - jagala-pakilA surA (3-41 ) jacco-puruSa (3-40) jaDina-khacita (3 41) prA mA pA gAja-jakkharattI-dIpAlikAdhyakSarAtri. (343), javano-yavA Da kura (3 42), jovaNaNIra, jonvANavena, jotraNovaya vaya pariNAma ! yauvana. .. - (3-51 ) / prA. bhA A jyAja-joikkho dIpaka jyotiSka (3-49), joI- vidya ta jyoti (3-49), jois-nksstrm|jyotiss (3-39) madhyavartI tathA upAntya 'ja' 'ja' tathA 'jaja' do rUpo me milatA haimadhyavartI-ja-prajarAura-uSNa (1-45), khajaNo kardama (1-69) / 1 upAnta meM '' bhI 'ccha' rUpa meM hI milatA hai| yaha ma.bhA mA se alaga svatantra prayoga hai|

Page #244
232 ] prA mA prA yAja ajualavaNNA-amlikAvRkSAprayukpuNa (1-48), ajugro-sptcch| ayuka (1-17) | upAnta me-ja-aohaja-nAstItibhariNata garbhAkrIr3A (1 156), gajo gAla (2-8) madhyavartI-ujjalA balAtkAra. (1-97), ujjUriya-kSINa (1-112) upAnta me-avarijjo-advitIya (1-36), vajjA-avikAraH (7-32) madhyavartI 'jja' me nihita haiprA mA zrA-----prajjo jina Arya (1-5), majjA sImA maryAdA (6-113) prA. bhA pA.-dha- khajjoyo nakSatram, khadyota (2-69), khijjiya upAlamma Lkhidya (2-74) / prA mA. prA - ja- gajjaraNasaddo mRgavAraNadhvaniH garjana zabdaH (2-88) majji avaloktimAjita (6-144) prA mA A .- jya-pejjala-pramANa (mApa) LprAjya / 6-57) / prA bhA mA. - ja-bhAujjanAtajAyA (6-103) / prA. bhA - hya-hijjo katya (bItA huA kla) Lhya. (8-67) / yaha tAlavya, nAda, ghoSa, mahAprANa, niranunAsika sparza savI vvani hai| da nA mA me iname prArambha hone vAle pula 54 zabda haiN| iname 53 zabdo me prArambhavI 'jha' ma mA zrA. ke 'jha' kA anugamana karatA hai| zeSa eka zabda me yaha prA mA prA 'la' kA sthAnIya hai| mAgbhavatI-- - makkiyaM - vacanIyam (3-55), bhaDI-nirantaravRSTi. (3-53) / prA mA yA kSa7jha-bhapaNI-pakSmAkSap (3-54) / madhyavartI 'ma'-bha aura 'jha' do rUpo me milatA hai -jhanajhaliyA-bholikA (3-56), jhamamumaya-manoduHkha (3-58) | de nA mA ke zabdo me upAntya "ka' bilkula hI nahIM miltaa| madhyavartI - prajamamsaM-prArapTa (1-13), prajmAsiya-dRpTa avajjhama-kaTI (1-56), bhajakarI- cAraNa DAlaryApTa (3-54) manyava 'ja' meM nihita hai - pra. nA prA hyA-pragunnaharo-rahasyabhedI/guhyahara pra upasarga-trivikrama) (1-43) /

Page #245
[ 233 prA mA yA -~-dhya-majjhaniya madhya dinam (dopahara) madhya dina (6-124), mjikrmgdd-udrm|mdhymgnndd yA kANDa (6-125) upAnta me milane vAle -'jha' ke udAharaNa ye haiM ajjhA - asatI (1-50), aviprajjhA navavadhU (1-77), saijjho prAtive nimaka-hindI nAjhA avadhI majhyiA (8-10) / eka zabda me upAntya jjha meM nihita hai prA bhA yA dhya-- projha-apavitra/avadhyam (1-48) / mUryantra vyaJjana dhvanigrAma--- de nA mA. kI mUrdhanyavya jano vipata Ta, Tha, Da, Dha, me prArambha hone vAlI zabdAvalI, ghanAdikAla se pracalita tathA prArya bhApAtro dvArA prAryetara bhApAyoM ne gahaNa kI gayI zabdAvalI kA vAstavika svarUpa spaSTa karatI hai / jahA taka mUrdhanya vyaMjana dhvaniyAmo kA sambandha hai ige paramparA ke sabhI vidvAno ne ekamata se Aryatara bhApAyo vizeSata draviDa kala kI bhApAyo kI dhvaniyo se gRhIta mAnA hai| bhA yA bhA ke marvaprAcIna upalavya yanyo 'vedo tathA brAhmaNo me prApta mUrdhanyavarNayuAta zabdo ko yA to draviDa bhASAmro kA RNa zabda mAnA gayA yA draviDa prabhAva meM danyadoM kA mUrvanyIkRta pa / RNa zabdo me veda prayukta aNu, araNi, kaTuka, kUTa, kuNAla, kuNDa, gaNa ityAdi tathA brAhmaNa prayukta aTavI, ADambara, khaDga, taNDula maTakI, markaTa ityAdi zabda hai / ' dantya dhvaniyo ke mUrdhanyIkRta rUpa ke udAharaNa vikaTa, kIkaTa, sakaTa, prakaTa, gADha Adi haiN| niSkarSa rUpa me zrI caTarjI kA abhimata hai ki- 'hama dekhate haiM ki jaise jaise prArya bhASA kA vikAsa Age baDhatA hai vaise-vaise dantyo kI jagaha mUrdhanya dhvaniyA baDhatI jAtI haiN| isa vipaya meM hama avazya bAharI, sambhavata draviDa prabhAva kI kalpanA kara sakate haiM / "2 isa sandarbha meM DA0 vIrendra zrIvAstava kA bhI abhimata ullekhanIya hai- 'bhAratIya Arya bhASA meM mUrdhanya dhvaniyA sarvathA nahI thI yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| draviDa bhASAmo meM TakArAdi koI zabda nahI, para saskRta me kucha zabda haiM / ata isako mAnane meM koI prApatti nahIM ho sakatI ki prA bhA. prA. me apanI nisarga mUrdhanya dhvaniyA bhI thIM jame-Taka, TakaraNa, TiTrima, TippaNI, TIkA, ghaTa, vaTa, paTa, Damaru DiMbha, DIna ityAdi paura draviDa prabhAva yA anya vikAsa zRkhalA ke prabhAvo se gRhIta tathA mUrdhanyIkRta di morijana eNDa DevalapameNTa bhAva vagAlI leMgveja' e. phe caTarjI, pR. 42 / 2. bhAratIya Arya bhApA aura hindI-caTarjI, pR. 861 3. apabhra za bhASA kA adhyayana, pR. 861

Page #246
2341 dhvaniyAM bhii|" de nA mA. kI mUrdhanya dhvaniyA vizepata Ta, Tha, 3, 8, bhA prA. bhA. kI nisarga mUrvaca vvaniyo ke avika mamIpa hai, usa koTi ke zabdo me se adhikAza zabdo kA sambandha draviDa bhApAyI ne na hokara sAmAnya rUpa se vikasita paramparita dhvaniyo ne hai / isa madarbha meM DA vIrendra zrIvAstava kA abhimata upayukta hai| mUrdhanya, zvAna, bAghopa, alpaprANa, niranunAsika sparNavani hai / de. nA mA. meM isase prArambha hone vAle 21 zabda hai| iname eka bhI zabda aimA nahI hai jise 'tadabhava' kI koTi meM rakhA jA sake / ina zabdo kA prArambhavartI 'Ta' dhvanigrAma prA. mA prA. ke nimarga piDa madhanya 'T' kA hI anugamana karatA hai| prArambhartI myini- TamhArI-araNikumamam (4-2), Tamaro kezacaya (4-1), vAro,-avamagna (4-2), TippI-tilakam (4-3) / madhyavartI sthiti taya upAnta meM yaha '' aura 8' do rUpo me ma bhA. pA ke hI 'ha' aura 'TTa' kA anusaraNa karatA haimadhyavartI ''-kAlI-kaNTakArikA ( 2-4), kaTola-kakoDa (eka vRkSa) (2-7), chiTaTaramaraNam- va sthagana krIDA (3-30) / mavyavartI 'Te' me pratinihita haimA mA aA. 'I'-aTTayo-yAta (1-10), kuTTayarI-caNDI (2-35), dRzyAtiras kanNiI (4-1) prA mA prA--taM-kaTTArI-kSurikA kattaMge (2-4), vUlIvaTTI-azva (dhurIyavartaH 15-61), paTTiyo-pravartita [pravartita (6-26) 1 prA mA pA ----yoTTo-apamRna apahRtaH (1-66), vosaTTa-matolluThita vika mita si. hai 4-256 (6-81) / prA. bhA paa.-4-bhttttiyo-vissnnu| bhaTTeka (6-100) / prA nA pA ~cca-roTa tandulapiTAcya (6-11) / upAnta meM 'Ta'-TuTo-chinakara (4-3), TeMTA- tamthAna (43), kuTI poTala (2-34) / - ~TamageTa-meyaraH (4-1), jhoTI-arvamahipI (3-59), kadATa___ nIlotpala (2-9) / yaha mRnya, pravAsa, aghopa, mahAprANa, niranunAmika sparNa dhvani hai / prA mA prA.meM ugase prArambha hone vAle zabdo kI sasthA atyalpa hai / Thakkura, ThAra,

Page #247
[ 235 ThAninI (prApThe maskRta koza) grAdi jo zabda haiM ve bhI dezya hI lagate haiM / yahA yaha dhvani prAya. dantya vyajano ke mughanyakRta rUpa me hI milatI hai / ma mA zrA meM bhI yaha prAya: mUnyakRna spa me hI avahRta huI hai jaise saskRta kI 'sthA' dhAtu prAkRta me 'ThA' ho gayI hai| de nA mA me 'Tha' dhvani se prArambha hone vAle kula 9 zabda jiname kucha hI zabdo jaise Thallo-nidhana (4-5), Thivaka-ziznam (4-5) me hI yaha dhvani zudra hapa ne milatI hai / zepa zabdo me isakI zuddhatA sadigdha hai / ina sabhI ko 'nya' ke madhanyIkRta rUpa meM degA jA sakatA hai| pArambhava sthiti7 mA prA 8-Thariya-gauravita (4-6), Thivizna-Urdhvam (4-6) / prA mA prA. stha76-ThaviprA-pratimA / sthApitA (4-5), ThANijjo-gauravita sthAnIya (4-5) ThANo-mAna sthAna (4-5) / manyavartI citi-'' zrI 'TTha' prA bhA. A. -Tha- phaTaku cI- gale me badhe vastra kI gATha (2-18), kaThino dauvArika: (2-15) gha7Tha " geMThamo-dakSa sthala ke vastra kI gATha yanthi (2-13) madhyavartI 'TTha' me pratinihita haiprA mA pA -sata-Uhaha / upahasita (-1-140), prauhttttho| upahasita (1-153) / ,, -stha - cdhiyaa-bhujshisr|cndrsthitaa (3-6) / ,, -STha- piTTha ta-gudA-pRSThAnta (6-49), surajeTho-varuNa surajyeSTha (8-31) , ,, -pTa- riTo-kAka LariSTa (7-6) pIlur3ha jalAhumA/pluSTa (6-51) , ,, -4- pattaTo-bahuzikSita prAptArtha (6 69) / gando ke upAnta me 'Tha' dhvanigrAma apane sarvathA zuddha rUpa me prApta hotA hai-jaise kaTho-sUkara (2-51) guThI-ghU ghaTa (2-90), guTho-aghamaya (2-91) meThI, meTho (6-138) / 'TTha' - graguTTha-avagu Thava (1-6), NiviThe-ucita (4-34) 'dahiTTho kathitya. (5-35) / udAharaNa ke ina dono zabdo kI dhvanigrAmika zuddhatA sandeha se pare nahI hai| inheM mardhanyIkRta rUpa meM bhI lakSita kiyA jA sakatA hai| mArambhavartI zuddha 'Tha' dhvanigrAma Thallo aura ThikA do hI zabdo se milatA hai|

Page #248
236 ] yaha mUrvanca, nAda ghopa, alpaprANa, niranunAsika sparzavarga hai / de nA mA meM DakAra se prArambha hone vAle kula 36 zabda hai / ina zabdo me 'Da' vyajana dhvanigrAma apane mUla tathA mUnyIkRta dono hI spo meM milatA hai / eka zabda DopaNa (4-9) locana, me yaha prA bhA pA ke 'la' kA sthAnIya hai / zrI pI vI rAmAnuja svAmI 'DograNa' zabda ko sa locana se niSpanna karate haiN|' prArambhavartI sthiti meM 'Da'2 aura 'Da' prA mA pA -Da- aDaNI-mArga (1-16), aDayaNA aDayA-asatI (1-18), aDADA balAtkAraH (1-64) / prA mA prA.-''- uTTarapo-vRddha 11-123), uDDaso-matkuNaH (1-96), uDDahaNo-caura (1-101) / madhyavartI-'i' meM pratinihita hai prA bhA prA -6- uDDANo-pratizabda LuddAraNo (trivikrama) sa udvadan(1-128) prA bhA prA. - ummaDDA - balAtkAra |unmrd (1-97), DiDDirI bheka. dardura (4-9) / prA mA bhA -ta- kuddtt-aashcrym|kautuk (2-33), khaDDA-khAniH khAta (2-661 prA. mA. prA -6- kuTagiloI-gRhagovA / kuTa-gila (2-19) prA mA prA --sya-gaDTI-yAnagantrI (2-81) upAnta me 'Da' aura 'Da' ke udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM--- -Ta-anghATo apAmArga (1-8), aNDo-jAra (1-18), avaDo (1-16) - prAyaTTI-vistAra (1-64)! yaha mUryaca nAda, ghoSa, mahAprANa tathA niranunAsika sparza varNa hai / de nA. mA. meM kAra se prArambha hone vAle kula 22 pAvda haiM / ina zabdo meM eka bhI zabda 1 denA kA glAmarI5.411 2. madhyAmpiti mA '' yadI yahIM pA mA pA ke 'Ta' yA sthAnIya jhAkara bhI vyayata imA hai -mAnIsT / prArata TAra' mUtra mI yahI nirdiSTa karatA hai|

Page #249
[ 237 aisA nahIM hai jisakA prArambhavartI 'Da' prA bhA pA 'gha' kA sthAnIya ho / madhyavartI sthiti meM kahI-bAhI yaha 'Tha' kA svAnIya hokara pAyA hai / isa dRSTi se sabhI zabda nizcita rUpa se 'dezya' prakRti ke haiN| prArambhavatI sthiti meM 'da' prA. bhA. prA. aura mA. bhA. pA kA hI anugamana hai -uparI-vINA bheda (4-14), DhaDharo-pizAca 14-16), DhaDho paDa gu. (4-16) madhyavartI sthiti meM 'Da' grIna 'i' kI sthiti isa prakAra hai - vADiya-iTam (1-74), kaNagaDhattI-dattaka (2-22), guDava-ghullI {2-63) - praDDa akkalI- phaTyAhastaniveza (1-45), idaDDhalo-indro sthApanaM (1-82), uDDhalo-ullAsa (1-91) / madhyavartI-'yuddha'- pratinihita haipA mA prA.-dha-proTaDDha raktam / pravadagdha (1-156), uDDhADI-davamArga:dagdha (4-8), prA. mA. prA--- ghaM-paTaino carmakAra (varSaka (6.44), vaDDhaiyo, vaDDhavaNa-vasnAharaNa.vardhApana (7-87) / upAnta se 'Dha' aura 'Dha' ke prayoga ke udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM -Dha- ubADha vistIrNa (1-129), uvvIDha utkhAtam (1-100), kagaDho-dadhikalazI (2-55) / -Dha-provaDaDhI pAridhAnakadezaH (1-151) DhaDDho-bherI (4-13), vegaDDha bhallAtakam (7-66) / ___yaha mUrdhanya, nAda, ghopa, mahAprANa, sAnunAsika sparzavarNa hai / mA bhA. zrA. kI 'noraNaH sarvana' (prA pra 2-42) mAnyatA ke AdhAra para dezInAmAlA kI zabdAvalI me bhI sarvatra 'na' ke sthAna para 'raNa' kA hI vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai| isake kucha apavAda zrArNa prAkRta (ardhamAgadhI) tathA saraha ke dohA-koza me milate haiN| ina apavAdo ke atirikta sarvatra 'na' ko 'raNa' hI milatA hai| uttarI pazcimI aura dakSiNI pazcimI prAkRta me to nizcita rUpa se 'na' kA 'gatva' vidhAna hai / dezInAmamAlA ke zabdo kA sambandha prakRtyA inhI prAkRto aura apabhra zo se hai / pazcipI 1. ma bhA mA meM 17Dha ke anekoM udAharaNa daDhe jA sakate haiM jaise pRSTADhITha / de nA mA sI kamaDhokamaTha. (2-55) /

Page #250
238 apanna za ke anya anyo, maMdazarAsaka aura pADadohA prAdi kI bhI yahI sthiti hai / ina apatraNa se prabhAvita gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI aura pajAbI mApAyo me Aja bhI 'na' ke raNava vidhAna kI pravRtti spaSTa hI dekhI jA sakatI hai| madhyadeza tathA prAcya deza kI saMskRta se prabhAvita bhApAno me yaha pravRtti kama ho gayI hai| saskRta ke anu. ppa hI hindI Adi bhApAyo meM ' kA prArambhika prayoga lagabhaga nahIM hI hotA / mavyavartI sthiti meM bhI yaha prAya. mUrdhanyIkRta rUpa meM hI vyavahRta hotA hai / kevala mAnta meM yaha surakSita hai / prAjakla hindI tathA usakI voliyo meM ise bhI 'na' ke pa meM vyavahRta kiyA jA rahA hai| jaise vINA7vInA / dezInAmamAlA me 'raNa' se prArambha hone vAle 169 zabda haiM, jiname kucha kA mUla to nizcita rUpa se ma bhA. zrA ke rAste prA. bhA pA me TUTA jA sakatA hai kevala ayaM alaga hone ke kAraNa hamacandra ne inheM 'dezya' kaha diyA hai| 'raNa' se prArambha hone vAle dezya zabdo kI sanyA bhI paryApta hai| ArambhavartI sthiti meM 'Na' ma mA prA. ke 'raNa' kA anugamana hai-adhikatara mado meM yaha kRta 'Natva' vidhAna ke rUpa meM hI vyavahRta hai'Na' - gAgro-gaviSTaH (4-23), gIragI-zirovaguNThanam (4-31), gihuprA-kAmitA (4-26) 1 madhyavartI 'gA' aura 'gaNa' ma. bhA pA kA hI anugamana karate haiM-- -ga-aNappo-gvaTa ga (1-12), aNarAho-zirasicipaTikA (1-24), agilla-prabhAtama (1-19) ! madhyavartI 'paNa' meM pratinihita haima nA prA eNa-pramANa-vivAhabadAnam (1-7), kaNNAso-paryanta' (2-14), mA bhA yA nna-uSNamo-samunnata [unnama (1-88), prosaNa-truTita pravasannam (1-56), aNNaTayo-tRpna./annacit (1-19) / pA mA. prA -nya-aNNamaya-punamukta [anyamayam (1-28) / "--na- undaga-udvigna / udvigna (1-123) / , "-- kaNavAla-kuNDalAdikarNAbharaNa karNavAla (2-233 kanI-caJcu.kali-(2-57) / " "japohaNorAkSama yajJahana (3-43) / 1. 'yAta bhiArada hai-hidI yA 'yArA' yA 'pAnI' pada isI se sabada hai|

Page #251
[ 239 upAnta meM 'gaNa' grIna 'Na' kI sthiti 1 mA pA kA hI anugamana karatI hai| -- paNa-niritaTam (1-10), papagaraNI-indrANI (1-58), agahaNo~ kApAlika (1.31) -ror- prANI-devarabhAryA (1-51), ghaNo-ura (1-105), nahuNNI jyepThabhAyA~ (7-41) / yaha dhyanigama kI upasthiti - prA bhA.pA meM 'nha' vyajana dhvanigrAma ko sattA alaga hI mAnI jA rahI hai / adhikAra mApA baijJAnika ime sayupata dhvani na mAnakara eka svatatra dhvanigrAma mAnane ke pakSa me hai| isa svatatra vyajana dhvaninAma kA mUlazrota ma bhA. prA me khojA jA sakatA hai / pahA yaha 'ha' ke rUpa meM vidyamAna hai yadyapi, yaha adhikAza sthalo para dhvani-parivartano ke kAraNa hai phira bhI isa dhvanigrAma kI sattA alaga nirdhArita kI jA sakatI hai / dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI me isa vyajana dhvanigrAma kA paryApta prayoga huA hai / yaha dhvaninAma madhyavartI pIra upAnta do hI sthitiyo se prApta hotA hai / kucha udAharaNa isa prakAra hai ma bhA yA paha-uhiyA-kRsarA (khicaDI) (1-88), geNhina-ura mUtram (2.94), jaNha laghupiTharam (3-51), johalI-nIcI (3-40), tuNhIsUkara (5-14), piNhI-kSAmA (6-46) sahAI-dUtI (8-9) siNhA--himam (8-53) / ye kucha aise udAharaNa haiM- jiname 'ha' vyajana dhvanigrAma kI sthiti spaSTa dikhAyI detI hai| inake atirikta kucha zabdo me yaha vyajana dhvanigrAma prA bhA pA pya, sna Adi vyajana sayogo ke parivartita rUpo se bhI milatA hai, jaiseprA bhA pA SNAha-uNhodayabhaDo-bhramara uraNodaya bhaNDaH (1-20), tuhikko-mRdunizcala tUpraNIka (4-15) / prA. bhA pA sna7ha-aNheayo-bhrAnta / prasneha (kaH) (1-21), paNhano-stana dhArA prastuta (6-3) / niSkarSa rUpa me yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki dezInAmamAlA ke adhikAMza 'dezya' zabdo me milane vAlA 'Nha' pA bhA zrA ke svataMtra vyajana dhvanigrAma "nha' ke mUla meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| madhyadeza kI tathA prAcya bhASAmro bhe yahI 'he', 'nha' ke rUpa meM parivartita hokara pracalita hai / uttarapazcimI tathA dakSiNa pazcimI bhASAoM

Page #252
240 me 'ha' kI sthiti ati sulabha hai / yahA yaha ma bhA pA kA hI anugamana karatA hai| prA bhA pA se lekara pA bhA grA. taka isake vikAsa kI avasthA eka udAharaNa dvArA spaSTa kI jA sakatI haiprA bhA pA. kRpaNa ma bhA A. vaha A bhA. pA. kAnha / dantya yA varSI vyaMjanadhvanigrAma ma bhA prA ke dantya vyajana dhvanigrAmo kI prakRti kA vizleSaNa karate hue DA vIrendra zrIvAstava likhate haiM- "jihvAtra yA jihvAnIka dvArA para ke dAto ke sparza se mukhavivara me AtI huI zvAsavAyu kA avarodha hokara sphoTana hotA hai| danta ke agra, madhya aura mUla kA vibhinna daloM meM upayoga hotA hai / akprAtizAstya ne takAravarNa kA uccAraNa sthAna mitAmUlIya batAyA hai (dntmuuliiyntu| takAra varNa* 1-19) ava bhI ta aura tha isI taraha ke vaNaM haiM / da aura dha ke uccAraga me danta ke madhya aura na ke uccAraNa meM agrabhAga kA upayoga hone lagA / pANinIya zikSA meM sabhI ke lie sAmAnya dantya zabda kA prayoga hai 11 prA. bhA. zrA meM dantya kahe jAne vAle varoM kA uccAraNa varksa ho gayA hai| de. nA mA ke dantyavoM kI prakRni ma mA pA sI hI hai| dantyo me kevala ta, tha, da, 6 vargoM kA hI prayoga huaA hai| na sarvatra 'e' ho gayA hai, yaha pahale hI pratipAdita kiyA jA cukA hai| yaha dantya, zvAsa, ghopa, alpaprANa, niranunAsika sparNa varNa hai| dezInAmamAlA meM 'ta' se prArambha hone vAle zabdoM kI sakhyA 110 hai| prArambhavartI sthiti meM yaha ma bhA pA ke 'ta' kA hI anugamana hai| madhyavartI sthiti meM kahI, hI na mA grA. ke anurUpa hI yaha 'da' kA sthAnIya hokara vyavahana huA hai| isa geza ke zabdo me isakI vibhinna ciniyA ina prakAra hai| prArammavartI -ta- taharI-paDkilAsurA 15-2), talArI, nagararakSaka. (5-3), tugI -rAtri (5-14), tuNhI-mUkara (5-14) | madhyavartI -ta-ta 1. mana mApA ra adhyayana 5 93 2. mamina me tRTama' yA artha 'monA (riyA) hai| hama sabda ko tAmitra kI sampatti mAnA nA

Page #253
[ 241 -ta- atarijja-TIsUtram (1-35), zatellI-madhyama (1-55), uitaraNa-uttarIyam (1-103) / yA mA pA dAta-mamati na / madhya dinam (6-124) / jAta-matI-vivAgaNaka (mantrI (6-111) / -ta- uccattavaratta -pAyo sthUlama (1-139) khittaya anarthaH (2-79) gattADI-gAyikA (2-82) / madhyavartI-ta- me pratinihita haiprA mA pA - prositta -pravalipta avasiktam (1-158) / -da- gavatta -ghAsa go+ prad (2-85) / , -ta- pattaTTho bahazikSita prAptArthaH (6-68), sattAvIsajopraNo indu maptaviNatiyuj (8-22) / " , -- vacchI utto-nApita (vAtmIputra (7-47) / , , -tu- varaitto-abhinavavara varayitRka (7.44) / upAnta me ta aura ta ke udAharaNa isa prakAra hai -ta- zraddha to-paryanta (sImA) (1-8), mosAyato-z2ambhAlasaH ____(1-170) kaData-mUlazAkam (2-56) / -ta- praNumuttI anukUla (1-25), attA-jananI (1-5), appaguttA-kevAca (1-29), kattA-kauDI (21) / yaha dantya, zvAsa, aghopa, mahAprANa, niranunAsika sparzavarNa hai / dezInAmamAlA me 'tha' me prArambha hone vAle kula 47 zabda haiM / prA bhA pA (saMskRta) me '' pvani se prArambha hone vAle zabdo kI saMkhyA atisvalpa hai|' ma. bhA. prA. me 'tha' kA prayoga prAya prA. bhA prA. 'ratha' 'sta' tathA 'tsa' Adi ke sthAna para huA hai / dezInAmamAlA ke tadbhava zabdo me yaha sthiti jyo kI tyo hai / dezya zabdo me 'tha' vyajana dhvanigrAma kA prayoga parizuddha rUpa me huyA hai / prArambhavartI sthiti me 'tha' thakko- avasara. (5-24), thava-viSamam (5-24), thavo pshu-(5-24)| prA. bhA zrA. tsa74 tharU-talavAra kI mUTha/tsaruH (5-24) / 1. ApTe ne apanI saskRta hinazanarI ( 489) meM thavaM, dhUpa, thuG, thUtkAra, -phUla itane hI zabda 'gha' se prArambha hone vAle batAyA hai|

Page #254
242 ] prA nA prA. snAya- viSNe-ni nehahRdaya (stIrNa. (5-30), thimia-sthirm| nimita (5-27),yevo-bindu tapa (5 29 ) / prA mA yA nyAya -thirasIgro-niIka |yi razIpa (5-31), bero-brhmaa| mpavira (5-29). therAnaNapadmam |nyviraa-snm (529) / prA mA prA nAca -n-tntubaayopnaam|tuurii|| pUre dezInAmamAlA koNa ne madhyavatI nayA upAntya sthitiyo me 'ya' vyajanadhvanitrAma kA nayA abhAva hai| ina dono sthitiyo me yaha marvatra mayukta vyajana panidAna 'sva' ke hA ne pavahata hunA hai / madhyavartI'' - pratyaka anavasara (1-14), atyubaDa-bhallAtakam (1-23) utpannApatyallA-pArzvayanaparivartanam (1-122) / naravI' meM praninihita hai - prA nA mA 'stR'- pratyAge-mahApam !prA+7 (1-9) / . . 'ya'-pranyuTa-nanuprasthala (1-9), utyagyo sambhada -ut+sthag (1-93) / " , 'na'-nandharI-hAna cintari (3-2), patyarA-caraNAghAtaH/prastarA (6-8) / , ''-patyauTo-cantAya bitra uTaja (7-45) / " , 'I'-mityA-ndra midrAya (1-31) / prA mA prA. ' - praguta-agunIyam aguSTha (1-31) / mAnava udAhagAuna pramAra haiM - udalo- vilantra (1-96), zrInanyo-vidArita (1-56), joDindha-niTa (1-368) / mAnAra, ghoSa, alpapramA, nintanAmija mparNa varNa hai / dezInAmamA ':' meM prAramone vAle pandI kI nanyA 118 hai| inameM kevala do hI para nidrAmA 'da' prA bhA. yA 'ca' kA myAnIya hai ve haiM-doma nayata (5.51) navA dIbhigI jyotsnA (5-50 ) / inake atirikta paramA ':' mA prA 'da' kAhI anugamana hai / ! !:

Page #255
[ 243 prArambhavatI 'da' - daya-jalam (5-33), dara - prardham (5-33), dasU-zopha' (5-34)1 bArambhavartI 'da' meM pratinihita haiprA bhA. prA -ha-dugghaTo hastI/dvi-+-dhuTa (5-44), doga-yugmamdvika (4.49), duugo-hstii| dvipAna (5-4471 mA bhA yA - dra- duholI-dRSTapakti / dolI (5-43) / madhyavartI sthiti meM 'da' aura 'da' ma bhA pA ke hI anukaraNa haiM~6- pAradara-anekAntam (1-78), pAhu duro-puccha (1-66), kadala-kapAlam (2-4) / -~ - ahamo-yAkula (1-15), pravadda sa-ulakhalAdi (1-30), uddAmo-sadhAta (1-126) / madhyavartI 'da' me pratinihita haiprA mA pA - (+da-uddariya ut dAritam (1-100), uddisigna-utprekSitam uta+diza (1-109), taddigrasa - anudivasAtadivasam (5-8) / prA bhA zrA-I- kamigro-mapi |krdmit. (2-15), gaddanbho-kaTughvani gArdamya (2.82) / pA bhA prA -'da'-gajjaNamaho-mRgavAraNadhvaniH / garjanazabdaH (2-88), saddAla nUpuram / zabdAla (8-10) / prA bhA. prA --dhUmadAra-gadAkSI dhUmadvAram (5-61) / mA bhA prAda'-samudrAvaraNIya-amRta / samudranavanItam (8-50), samuddahara-gAnIyagRha samudragRham (8-21) / upAnta ge 'da' aura 'da' ke prayoga ke udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM-~~- kadI mUlazAkam (2-1), phado-dRDha (2-51), phalayadI-pATalA-(2-58) - - udda-jalamAnupam (1-123), kudda -prabhUtam (2-34), gajjapasaho-mRgapArarAdhvani. (2-88) / ___ yaha dantya, nAda, ghopa, mahAprANa, niranunAsika sparza dhvani hai / dezIjAmamAlA me '' se prArambha hone vAle kula 39 zabda haiM / iname kevala do hI zabdo, 1 de nA mA 7/80 meM 'vodraho' (taruNa ) zabda nAyA hai| isa zabda phA madhyavartI 'ga' prA mA A ke anurUpa hai ata isa mAda ko tatsama phahA jAnA cAhie / ma bhA. A drA hI sarvana milatA hai|

Page #256
244 ] -dhugrarAtrI janara pravarAga (5-57) tathA ghUgo-gaja myUNa (5-60) me 'va' mA: prA. bhA. yA 'dhra' aura mya' kA sthAnIya hai| zeSa sabhI zabdo kI prArambhavartI tithi meM yaha na mA pA ke 'dha' kA hI anugamana hai / madhyavartI aura upAnta sthitiyo meM bhI 'gha' ma prayoga hai / ma. mA trA kI ghopa mahAprANa dhvaniyo ko 'ha' kara dene hI pravRtti ke pada nayA viparIta hai / 'dezya' zabdoM kI yahI tA vilakSaNatA hai ki adhikAzana meM ma. bhA pA kI vyAkaraNika prakriyAyo aura dhvaniparivartano se mArita hote hue bhI kahI nahIM apanI marvayA viparIta sthiti kA pradarzana karate hai| bhArambhavanI-ba- dara tUlam (5-7), vADI-nirastam (5-59), ghUmarI-nIhAra. (5-61) 1 madhyavartI sthiti meM 'dha' aura ddha' pUrNata. ma bhA pA kA hI anugamana karate haiM~6- iggiyUma tuhinam (1-80), kAyano-kAmijjulAya. pakSI (2-29 ), 'kudharI naghumatyaH (2-32) | dha- rakhadhavigraM-sajjitam (1-119), uddhAmo-viSamonnatapradeza (1-124), giddhamo aninnagRhaH (4-38), doddhiyo carmakAra. (5-44) / gya tI dha meM pratinihita hai - prA mA gA--paddhavina manAkaragAm sarvAkSikam (1-34), praddhajayA-mocakam (jUnA) grajaghA (1-33) / , , - gya-buddhagavinamuho-bAla [dugdhavikamumba (5-40) / , -va-ghUmaramhinIgro-vRttikA dhUmadhvajamahipya. (5-62) | upAna meM 'dha' aura 'da' udAhaga ina prakAra hai vajanico-mAtavAhana (3-7), chegho-myAmaka. (3-39), paTikhadhajalavAm (6-28) / pArada matRpya (1-75), prAvida -preritam (1-63), khaddha -muktam (2-67) nInAmamAtA na janadhvanigrAma yA savaMyA prabhAva hai| bharata ke samaya mAratoM meM 'ma' hI 'ga' kara dene kI pravRtti bala paTI thii| svaya hemacandra ne pIpako sArA pratya ke 'dAdI (1-129) gRya meM prAkRta zabdoM meM 'na' kI sthiti 1. 5.818 : 2-27)

Page #257
[245 svIkAra kI hai| yahI sthiti lagabhaga sabhI vaiyyAkaraNo kI rahI hai / jahA taka 'dezya' zabdoM kA prazna hai, hemacandra ne iname 'na' kI sthiti svIkAra nahIM kiyA / dezInAmamAlA kI 63 vI kArikA kI vRtti (pR0 208) me unhone spaSTa kaha diyA - "nakArAdayastu (zabdAH) dezyAmasabhavinaeveti na nibaddhAH / yacca 'vAdo' sUtritamasmAbhistatsaskRta bhavaprAkRtazabdApekSayA na dezyapakSeyeti sarvamavadAtam / " ___ isa prakAra dezya zabdo me sarvatra 'na' ko 'Na' hI milatA hai / phalataH dezInAmamAlA me na to nakArAdi koI zabda hai aura na hI kisI anya sthiti me isakA prayoga hI hai| isase sabadhita anya tathyo kA vivecana pIche 'Na' dhvanigrAma kI carcA ke bIca kiyA jA cukA hai| yaha propThya, zvAsa, aghoSa, alpaprANa, niranunAsika sparzavarNa hai / dezInAmamAlA me 'pa' se prArambha hone vAle zabdo kI saMkhyA 393 hai / prArambhavartI sthiti kA 'pa' pUrNarUpeNa ma. bhA pA ke 'pa' kA anugamana hai, jisame prA bhA pA 'pra' bhI pratinihita hai-- pa-pakkharA-turagasaMnAhaH (6-10), pajjA-adhirohiNI (6-1), paDavA-paTakuTI (6-6), paDAlI-pakti (6-9) / pra7pa-paccuttha-boyA huA.pratyuptam (6-13), pddicchdo-mukhm| praticchanda. (6-24), paNho -stanadhArA-prastuta (6-3) / madhyavartI sthiti me 'pa' aura 'ppa' dono ma bhA A. kA hI anugamana karate haiM apAramaggo-vizrAmaH ( 1-43), urupullo-apUpa (1-134), kaDapaDavA-yavanikA (2-25) | prappajho prAtmavaza. (1-14), uppehaDa-udbhaTa (1-116), kuppaDho gRhAcAra (2-36) / madhyavartI 'ppa' me pratinihita haiprA. bhA A. tpa-uppako-paDa kA utpaDa ka. (1-30), uppIlo-saMghAta utpIcha yA piNDa (1-126) / , pa-kappari-dAritam |khrpr (2-20) / " , pra-vappo-sumaTa [vapra (6-88), bappiNo-kSetram vapra yA vapri (7-85) / -

Page #258
246 upAnta meM 'pa' aura 'ppa' ke udAharaNa isa prakAra hai-- 5- pA-tRNAdimaya vRSTitivAraNam (2-75), pA-vinduH (1-101), dailupa-mumala ( 3-1 ) / appo-pitA (1-6), bopyA zANa ra maNi ko umakAnA (1-1482 kaTayo-nikara. (2-13}: yA propThya, mAna, aghoSa, mahAprANa, niranunAsika, sparzavam hai / dezI nAmamAlA meM '' se prArabha hone vAle kula 35 pAbda haiM / ye sabhI zabda 'dezya' prati ke haiN| prArambhamA---pukkA-mithyA (6-84), phalAbA-mAtulAnI (6-85), phophA bhApayitu zabda (5-86) / madhyavartI 'C' aura 'ka' pUrNarUpeNa na. bhA. grA kA anugamana karate haiM yaphATA-mahA (2-7), kulaphalaNI kulakalaDa ka : (2-42), gupagumipragugandhi (2-93): prANa-pUrNa (1-20), ukAlo-durjana. (190), phala-girogAtA (3-20) 4 meM pratinihita haigayA --e-polo-pala [umpanda (1-102), zirisoniya nir syaNaM (437) / -nagamo udagama limphoTa (1-91) gAla horI spoTaka (2-86), aire niTinamA maTita (6-27) / t- akAdavipuppana (mApana) (5-35), devaIka devayuppam (5-49) ra animayopaNamvAppAkulama (6-29) / ' vATArA minate haiM - gu dI (2.93), gu pho-gupti (2.90), gaNa-bhIyituM ? (6.86) / nam (5-35), devaupaka pavyApam (5-49), pupphA7 (6-57) /

Page #259
nokara, nAva, nopa, alpaprAgga niranunAmika sparNa varNa hai / dezInArA 'a' meM pAkarane vAle kula 68 zabda hai| inameM adhikatara zabdo kA pAna ne pati meM hI tadbhava zabda aise haiM jiname va 'va' mAnorAma bhA. mA meM 'ba' pIra va eka dUmare me parivartita ravinI kATI gatimAnya hai| prAcya pradezo me 'va' ko 'va' uccAmAne tokitiko viparIta pascimI patra meM vakAra bahulatA hai / - sopAna panima janA ne hI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki jahA meM mAnA jA 357, kI 'ba' se prArambha hone vAle zabdo kI satyA pAcana 6 porana bhI pAIko 'ba' prA mA zrA, 'va' myAnIya hai / kAvA -gAno lara, (6-90), yAgo-nubhaga (6-97), joDI mAgita (6-96), baudara-pRthu (6-96) / pA. kA 'pA 274- -gATa gA pitAvapra (6-88), bokrUDo-chAga varkara , -272-2mAra mAnahAya maranA jinameM 'da' praura dono hI bijuda deNya prakRti ke hai / --koTina (1-16), pra yUna garaga (1-11), ubara-bahu (1.90) --anuginogyAnikAnaprApti (1-42), uccuvaka-pralapitam (1-128), unyUgema (1-126) ! upAnta meM 'ba' kA prayoga paryApnamAyA me hai jabaki 'ba' kA prayoga pratyalpa hai| ca-- mAnava-bhUmikAm (1-64), u ba-bandhanam (1-86), u vI-papavagodhUma (186) -pima janam (6-46) yaha proplya, nAda, ghopa, mahAprANa, niranunAsika mahAprANa dhvani hai / 'dazInAmamA mema' se prArambha hone vAle zabdo kI sakhyA 65 hai / prAkRta bhASAoM meM 'ma' ko prAya 'ha' ho gayA hai, parantu dezInAmamAlA ke zabdo me sabhI sthitiyo 1 prApta kAla meM pa ko pa (paurya prA pra 2-15) uccAraNa karane kI pravRtti ke kAraNa 'ka' yo '8' uccAraNa karane ko prayatti ko adhika bala milA hogA / 2 upAnta meM 'dha' ke mAma udAharaNa milane kA pramukha kAraNa hai 'ba' yA 'ba' rUpa meM vyavahAra phiyA jAnA hai|

Page #260
248 meM 'ma' surakSita hai| ine pazcimI prAkRtI para prA mA zrA kA prabhAva kahA jA maratA hai / prArambhavartI na-pUrNarUpeNa ma. bhA zrA. ke 'bha' kA anugamana karatA hai-ma- mAillo hAlika (kisAna) (6-104), bhallu kI-zivA (6-101), bheDo-bhIra (6-107) / prA gA.pA-bAna-bhAujjA-bhAbhI naatjaayaa| . mRAma-miga-kRSNambhRTa ga (6-104), bhiMgArI-corI bhRDagArI madhyavartI 'ga' aura 'bha' ma gA pA kA hI anugamana karate haiM prabhiNNapuDo riktapuTa. (1-44), kaTabhukuTakaNTha (2-20), milo caura (2-62) / amAyattI-pratyAgata: (1-31), umaggo-guNThita (1-95), choma tya-ariyam (3-33) / vyaktI kama meM pratinihita haiprA nA. vA-- amapimApro-rAhu abhrapiNAcaH (1-42) 1 , dana- umbhAlana-dinotpavanam |udbhaaln (1-103) jiNNAbhavA dUrvA jIrNodgavA (4-46) / - choTago-pizuna kSubdha (3-33) || - Nimuggo-magna nirmagna (4-32) / pAna meM bhI 'ma' aura 'ma' ke payoga milate hai-- -- Tipabho-sTInyastohAta. (2-17), kubhI-mImAntAlakAdiH baiMza racanA-(2-34), camo hannasphATitabhUmiresA (3-1) / - no-Ni {1-79), chomo-piNana (3-33), babho (na kI badI va (6.88) / para posa, nAra, ghopa, pramANa mAnunAmika sparzavarNa hai| dezInAmamAlA 'prAmAtI vAle jo kI mAtrA 196 hai| ina zabdo kA prArambhavatI ramanA mA pA anugamana hai| para zabdo me yaha prA bhA zrA-ma-kA hai| * -- mAnadvAra (6 137), meDhA gAvAnahAya. (6-138}, meThI ___for_16-138) / Frt - 1mahodara mA (1-141), gaTTA-balAtkAra mara (6

Page #261
- - . , .. ...: ;.:---:: (6-130) ... ... .. .. .. nA le: . . . : -.":. . 1107', mi.go pramilA (1-144), ::. :: . ... ... .... ___..: ', (149), dhammoDI madhyAhna ( 1) : . . : .::: (107), umAllonA LuvamannA ..... : ____ ... .::: : : " " .":.; (2-79), dumapo-gaTa muna 6.:..::. : - .. . / (5-47) / .. ... .....: (..:)] " . , . . . . . ,, hA uccAraNa mha ho ___r... :: :: :: kA prayogakAmo me hamA ' : -::.:.:.., pakA sthAnIya na hokara apanI alaga " * ; : . na pado ekA ghanigrAma ke - - rimati dezInAmamAlA ke zabdoM - 1. . . . !: M IT prayoga prAya madhyavartI sthiti -... (1117) no-mAnikA (pATe kI cakIvAlA) (*). : : (53). .71 (6-13), vamha-valmI kam 17.1, (7-33) 17 jI kA zabdoM meM 'mha' kA prayoga eka 7TH mAtA salatA hai| gorA ke udAraNa isa prakAra hai-ma-mAyAmo6- (1-5), mamanomoTIna (2-86), tamo-zoka (5-1) / --- IPS-111 (1-5), gItA (290), pAlIhamma-vRtti' (mer3a) (1.45), manI mAtunAnI (6.112) / 1. 4.421

Page #262
250 ] patanya vajana Rk prAtizAstra ke anusAra sparza tathA Uma vargoM ke vItra meM sthita varNa annAmya varga hai / ya, ra, la, va-ina cAra vaggoM ko anna sva batAyA gayA / inhe praddhaMbara bhI kahA jAtA hai kyoki ina uccAraNA kA prArambha svarasthiti se hotA hai aura anta meM ye aAgAmI bara aura vajana kI sthiti meM cale jAte haiM / ya kA mapramANa 'Da', va kA u ra kA RtayA la kA la inakI starAvanA ko aura bhI maTa kara detA hai / ma na pA me ina arddha svage meM kevala 'ya' aura 'va' kA prayoga milatA hai / unameM bhI '' prAya zruni dhvani ke rUpa me hI vyavahata hugrA hai| ma bhA. prA meM praura kA prayoga lagabhaga maNapna hI ho gayA / ata ra aura la prarddha svara na rahakara pUrNa vya na dhvaniyoM ke rUpa me ghavahana hone lage / dezInAmamAlA ke zabdo meM vyavahana ina panta nya dhvaniyo kA vistRta vivecana isa prakAra hai kAra yaha kahA jA cukA hai ki 'ya' zraddhaM mbara hai ma bhA pA me isakA prayoga banama ajana ke kara meM na hokara pati ke rUpa me humA hai / isake sAtha hIparaprapavAdI (me aba mAgadhI yAdi) ko choDakara zabdo ke prArambha me isakA payoga bhI nahI huyA hai / ma bhA prA kA prArambhavartI ya 'ja' ho gayA hai / yaha 'ja' jana dhyAna ye vivecana meM spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai / de. nA mA ke zabdo me bhI 'gha' ko mipani pRgaMmpega ma bhA pA pA anugamana karatI hai / ina zabdo me 'ya' kA prayoga manyavanI aura upAnya sthitiyoM meM prAyaH zruti ke rUpa meM huyA hai / kucha mapAtI-- ani gaNayamo-vivAhagarA ka (2-66), jIvayamaI-mRgAkarSaNahetuAghamRgI 13.46), nApaTipA agunIyama (5-9), pAyaDa-pradAnam (6-40) / mAnya-va-(ti) gujya-nim (2-71), gugga ya-mAgada kamaNinam (2-109) nAma (3.6), namAya-grAm (5-2) | zokAmapA 'ba' 7 prayoga guda danyopTha vyajana 'ba', 'va' zruti tathA

Page #263
[ 251 auSTaya 'va' ke sthAnIya 'va', ina tIna rUpo me hRyA hai| yaha pahale hI batAyA jA cukA hai ki ma bhA pA kAla me pazcimI bhASAyo me 'vakAra' bahulatA pAyI jAtI hai / de nA mA ke zabda isI kSetra kI bhApAmo se sabaddha lagate haiM / ina zabdo me 'ba' vyajana grAma apanI praghaM svaratA se pare zuddha vyaJjana dhvanigrAma ke rUpa me vyavahRta hai jo prakRti kI dRSTi se dantyoTya, nAda, ghopa, alpaprANa, niranunAsika tathA anta stha varNa hai / ' dezInAmamAlA me 'va' se prArambha hone vAle zabdo kI sakhyA 327 hai / imakI vibhinna sthitiyo ke udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM - prArambhavartI sthiti me va ma bhA pA ke 'va' kA hI anugamana karatA hai jasame pratinihita hai prA bhA prA 'pa' 'va' tathA 'vR' prAdi / -- va - vageba-yUkara (7-42), vaNavo-davAgni (7-37) 'vaNasavAI-kalakaThI (7-52) / prA mA A-47va vairoDo-jAra pati-roT (7.42), , vAva baphAula vAppAkulam (6-92), vaphina-bhuktamvapsita / ., vR7va- vADI vRtti (vRttiH (7-43), baTTA-panthA. vRt (7-31) / , vAva vilina lajjA/vIDita / , vyAva-vAvaDaya vipriitrtm| vyAvRtaka (7-58), vAvina-vistAri tam vyApita ( 7-57) / madhyavartI sthiti me va aura vva pUrNatayA ma bhA zrA* kA hI anugamana karate haiM / aggavepro-nadIpUra (1-29) pravarikko-kSaNarahita . (1-20), provaro nikara (1-157) / - vva- uvvatta-nIrAgam (129), kavvADo dakSiNahasta (2-10), kavvAla karmamthAnam (2-52) / madhyavartI-va-me pratinihita haiprA bhA pA +va - uvvAhiyo-utkSipta 8 ut + vaha (1-106) / prA mA pA dva-unnuNNa udvignam (1-123) -v-tibv-duvisshm|tiivr (5-11) | upAnta me 'va' aura 'vva' ke prayoga ke kucha udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM~ va-kAvI-nIlavarNA (2-36), kUvo hRtAnugamanam (2-62), khevo-vAmakaraH (2-77) / / 2 de nA mA ke zabdo me ananAsika va (4) kA bilkula hI prayoga nahIM hai / yaha prayoga apabhra za me anAdisayakta makAra ke sthAna para prAya pAyA jAtA hai-jaise-kavala/kamala / upAnta me va' ke adhikAza prayoga 'zra ti' ke rUpa meM dekhe jA sakate haiN| Upara ke udAharaNoM me 'vo', 'khevo' Adi aise hI prayoga haiN|

Page #264

Page #265
/ 253 hai / aprAtizAraya me 'ra' kI bhAti isakA bhI uccAraNa sthAna dantamUla hai / pariNani ise dantya batAte hai / prA bhA prA. me isakA uccAraNa vatsya hai / DA. vIrendra zrIvAstava ma. bhA. grA (apabhra za) me imakA uccAraNa vayaM hI nizcita pharate haiM / unakA mantavya hai ki-"prA mA ke AdhAra para apabhra za me ra kI taraha (la kA) uccAraNa sthAna varma hai / uccAraNa prayatna kI dRSTi se yaha pArzvika varNa hai aura ise tarala dhvani kahA jAtA hai| mukha vivara me pAtI huI zvAsa vAyu ko madhya regvA para avaruddha karake jihvApAva se nikalane diyA jAtA hai / " : dezInAmamAlA ke zabdo me prayukta 'la' bhI bahuta kucha ma bhA pA kI hI prakRti kA hai / isa koza me 'la' se prArambha hone vAle zabdo kI pakhyA 66 hai / isakI vibhinna sthitiyo ke udAharaNa nIce diye jA rahe haipArambhavartI sthiti lamakaM tarukSIram 7-181, lasuna telam (7-18 ), layaNa-tanu (7-27) vizeSa-dezInAmamAlA ke zabdo me 'ra' tathA 'la' ke vizuddha prayoga yaha siddha karate haiM ki ina zabdo kA prayona ma bhA pA kAla kI pazcimI bhASAmo yA boliyo me hotA rahA hogaa| ima koza me 'ra' tathA 'la' se prArambha hone vAlA koI eka bhI pAda aimA nahIM hai jisame dono varNa kramaza eka dUsare ke sthAnIya hokara prAye ho / patajali ke mamaya (150 I ) se hI yaha pramidvi calI grA rahI thI ki parva ke nivAsI 'ra' ko la' kara dete haiM tathA pazcima ke nivAsI 'la' ko 'ra' karake (pariSkRta rUpa me) volate hai / madhyadeza me 'ra' aura 'la' prayoga hotA hai| isa dRSTi se dezInAmamAlA ke zabda vizuddha 'ra' aura 'la' dhvaniyo ke prayogo se yukta hai| iname na to kahI 'ra' aura 'la' kA sthAnIya hai na hI 'la' 'ra' kA sthAnIya hai| yavyavartI -la - pralaya-vid ma (1-16), uvalaya-suratam (1-117), prolaiNI-priyA (1.169) / -la- pallalo-mayUra. (1-48), prollaNI mAjitA (kaDhI), (1-154), vakkallaya-puraskRtam (7-46) / madhyavartI 'lla' me pratinihita hai - prA bhA. pA -lla- ullu hipa-sacUNitam / ut-luTTa (1-109), ullehaDo-lampaTa / ut-liha (1-104) / " -ra- ulluuddho-praaruud| ut-ruha, (1-100) / 1. apana za bhApA kA adhyayana, 19

Page #266

Page #267
/ 2550 pade to to prAno meM apavAda spa se 'za' bhI surakSita rahA-jaise mAgadhI prAkRta meM / gInAmamAtA ne bhI do hI Upma dhvaniyA 'sa' aura ha milatI haiM / ' krama se inakA vita vivaraNa nIce diyA jA rahA hai| - kAya, pAsa, prayopa, mahAprANa, nignunAsika Upma varNa hai| dezImAmamAnA jamane prArambha hone vAle zabdo kI satyA 298 hai / prArambhavartIsthiti meM yama mAre kAhI anugamana hai jisameM pratinihita haiM-'za' 'sa' 'sva' praadi| na- mumo-gopAla (8-33), sUI majjarI ( 8-41), sUraNo kanda (8-41) mA. mA prA 171 sunanyArI nADIgulavAriNI (8-42), sello-mRgazizu. gatya (8-57), nArAjI-prATi (eka ciDiyA) parATi! (8-24) : mA bhA. yA nAma-gottI-nadInotam / " bAma- mAullo anurAga [svAda / sa , thAma meTI-gAmeza zreSThin / madhyavartI riyati meM 'ga' aura sa' pUrNarUpeNa ma gA pA. kA anugamana karate hai-- -ma- prajjhamiyA -dama (1-30), prosaNa-uga (1-155), kAmiNa sukSmavatram (2-59) / -ssa- pAssaya-prAmRta (bheTa) (2-12), gissako-nirbharaH (4-32), gilsarina - prastam (4-40) upAnta meM 'sa' aura 'sma' ke prayoga ke udAharaNa isa prakAra hai--- prabumU-zarabha (1-11) besI gRhadvAraphalahakaH (1-8),mohaso candanam (1-168) / sma- prajjhassaM-prAkRSTam (1-13), kasso-paDa ka (2-2) | yaha kaNThya, nAda, ghopa, mahAprANa, niranunAsika, Ujma varNa hai / uccAraNa me svAsa kA sagharSaNa hone ke kAraNa ise saghI dhvani bhI kahA jAtA hai| prAtizAkhyo me ise kaNThya yA urasya batAyA gayA hai / sambhavataH usa samaya isakA ujcAraNa svarayatramukha (kAkala) me hotA rahA hogA / saskRta me yaha kaNThya ho gayA hai / - 1. mA aura pa ke sthAna para sarvatra 'ma' hI kA vyavahAra hugA hai|

Page #268
256 mA ne bhI isakI saskRta kI hI sthiti rhii| yaha dhvani do prakAra kI banI ganI hai (1) pratyeka vargIkaraNa mahAprANa vyajana (dvitIya tathA caturtha) ke manta meM munAnI par3ane vAlI antima prANavani yA kama dhvani (2) zuddha ghI ni / yahI gAraNa hai ki na mA prA meM uccAraNa saurya ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue me- nAnA vyananI va ghara va aura bha (inhI ke anukaraNa para pha bhI) ko 'ha' 7 diyA gayA / dejInAmamAlA ke zabdo meM nihita 'ha' dhvani ma bhA thA kI 'ha' pani pUrNatayA anugamana karatI hai| ina koza meM-ha-me prArambha hone vAle zabdo kI manya7 90 hai / ina kI viniya sthitiyA nIce dI jA rahI haiN| mA bhavatI sthiti meM 'ha' ma mA yA kA hI anugamana hai jisame pratinihita hai mahApAgadhvani-haiM- ye sabhI zabda 'dezya' prakRti ke haiM - ma bhA pA ke nadArado kI bhAti ima prAramnavartI deya ha me, prA bhA pA bha, gha, pha, sa, ska pAdipratinihita nahIM hai| unTa udAharaNa yahA diye jA rahe hai parappo bahanApI (8-61), harI-zaka (8-59:, halahala-tumuna. (8-74), kAjAhalo mAlika (grATA inchA karane vAlA) (8-75) / manA navA Anya sthiti meM -ha- pUrNa rUpeNa ma bhA pA ke ha 'kA' anugamana patA: - jimame pratinila hai-ha- pranIharI-dRtI (1-35), arihai-nUnam (1-22), prahinnI-jvaraH (1.10), Taharo-ziNu (4-8) / prA mA prA-7- du-mumo mAMTa / dumuMgya (5-44), dhUmasihA-nIhAra dhUmazivA (5-61), muhala , mupam (6-134) praNAnaram (1-13), graha prathama (1-5),jagArIhI-Ura. / naroda (3-44), jahaNa saba progym|jvnaaguk (3 45) jahAnAgro jaTa / gyAjAta (3.41) pAhejapAyeSam (6-24) gha- pramubaha zAsanabandha (1-48), dhiph-nvniitm| dadhipuppam (5-55) dahiyAge dadhinA (536) 1 nA ~~-panIra guru ( 2.75) / - nAnAmidAma (424), gAhiviTeno-jAnAmicchedaka (4-24), giya nirvApAram ninta (450 / / -- nAnapAna 12-90) F- - - nAga (4-37) /

Page #269
[ 257 nA. yA 5 pacyU ho-ravi . pityUpa (6-5) | " -maviNAyahara-samudra maNinAgagRha (6-128) / japAnA meM mRta prANadhyani -ha-ke kucha udAharaNa ye hai utta, ko-yATa. kUpa. (1-94), gaNAyamaho-vivAhagaNaka' (2-86), gagamagIho-sAmapradhAna. (2-89), cIhI-mustodbhavataNa (3--14) nippa dezInAmamAlA ke zabdo meM prayukta vyaMjana dhvani grAmo kI prakRti kA vistRta viye pana kAra kiyA gayA / ise dRSTi meM rakhate hue yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki dhvaniyo ke prayoga kI dRSTi nema bhA. prA. kAla kI dezya zabdAvalI pUrNarUpeNa isa kAla kI prAjApaura apanA kahI jAne vAlI mApAtro se kahI bhI alaga haTakara nahIM hai| ina deza namo meM prayukta tuca navIna sayukta dhaniyA paha, mha, lha, Adi avazya prA bhA A me cAhata hone vAlI, nha, mha, ha, da Adi dhvaniyo ke vikAsa kI kaDI ke rUpa me dekhI jA sakatI hai| yA bhA grA kI 'Da' dhvani ke vikAsa kI pUrvAvasthA bhI ina dezya do me ghavahata Da' dhvaniyAma ke prayoga ke rUpa meM dekhI jA sakatI hai / DA. cInendra zrIvAstava ne kAThI gADI prAdi dezyapado me----'Da' kI pUrvasthiti mAnA hai unakA mantavya hai ki ina pado ko nisA bhale hI saskRta ke prabhAva ke kAraNa (Da) jAtA rahA ho para inakA uccAraNa nizcita hI 'Da' kI taraha hotA rahA hogaa|' degI gayo para vistAra ke mAya vicAra karate samaya yaha batAyA jA cukA hai ki 'dezya' zabda paramparA pracalita grAmINa azikSita logo kI boliyo ke zabda haiM / ina grAmINa boliyo me jina dhvaniyo kA vyavahAra hotA rahA unhI kA sAhityika mApAyo me bhI vyavahAra hagrA / bhApAgro meM samaya-samaya para hone vAle dhvani parivarnano se 'dezya' zabda bhI prabhAvita hote rahe / ata dhyaniyo ke prayoga kI dRSTi se sAhityika mApApo ke zabdo aura 'dezya' zabdo ke bIca koI vibhAjaka rekhA nahIM khIcI jA sktii| kevala artha hI inakA vibhedaka ho sakatA hai / niSkarSa rupa me yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki dhvanigrAmika prayogo kI dRSTi se dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI pUrNarUpega ma bhA pA kA hI anugamana karatI hai yadi aura bhI spaSTa kahA jAya to isa dRSTi se dezya zabda prAkRta tathA apabhra za bhASA ke hI aga haiM / dhyaMjana parivartana - dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI (vizepatayA tadbhava) me vyajana-parivartana kI 1 apabhra za bhApA kA adhyayana, 107

Page #270
:58 ] ninnatina digAe parilakSita kI jA makatI haiM / ina vyaMjana-parivartano ke ThIka vArIta dera zabdAvalI kI sthiti hai / ina zabdo me ma bhA grA. ke anurUpa vyajano panivartita na kara yA unakA lopa na kara, jyo kA tyo likhA gayA hai- jaisenoge, totaDI, turI, palahI, pArI, vodara, volo, maharo, marAlo, mage, rUvI, ge, gelI ityAdi aneko dezya zabda hai, jo vyajana-vikAra, lopa, prAgama prAdi ghyiAloM se pare apane prAcIna rUpa me surakSita haiM / ma. bhA A. kI vyajana parivartana prAtrI kena nadbhava aura kucha tadbhavavat dezya zabdo para hI prabhAva DAlatI hai / parantu avayaM hemacandra kI dRSTi meM ye sabhI zabda bhI 'dezya hI haiM (prartha kI dRSTi se| ata' pahA bhI aine manDo ko 'dezya' mAnakara ma bhA pA ke anurUpa iname vyajanaparivartana pI digAnI ko lakSita kiyA jA rahA hai / 1 lopa(7) divyagnalopa-piraNAmo sthira-nAste (trivikrama), thirasIsosthirazIrSaH gAnyavira , ghoro sthala / (ba) janalopa-praigjuba pracirayuvatI, probAyagno/napA-tapa , rilvv| niyan, vharUiyA mahikA / canna lopa kI vividha dipAyo ke udAharaNa pIche diye jA cuke haiN| 2 prAma1) divyajanAgama -prAdi vyajanAgama pI pravRtti dezInAmamAlA ke kisI bhI zabda meM nahIM hai / zabda meM pake sthAna para 'ha' kA pAgama hai-acchihruullo| haalyo| () yavyajanAgama-madhyayajanAgama kI pravRtti bhI nahI hai| na) prAyavya nAgama-ma bhA pA kI prakRti ke anurUpa hI dezInAmamAlA ke yI ne bhI prAya pranyayajana ke lopa kI pravRtti hai / sabhI zabda svarAnta 3. dina himAtirA, duhiyotipNIkA ram mAtA nayA meM purogAmI aura pazcagAmI donoM hI prakAra ke samI17 ! -tAnam, agAyaghoprigramayaH, agaharA gnim, nammurI unmuSa , gaddagogAdamya prAdi /

Page #271
/ 259 ____ codhIkaraNa aghoSa mahAprANavaNaM prAya' ha me badala gaye haiN| inake saghoSamahAprANa paraNoM meM parivartita hone ke udAharaNa lagabhaga nahIM hai| saghoSa mahAprANa varNo gha, ka. 8, gha, bha kI mUlasthiti hI sarvatra dekhI jA sakatI hai| ma. bhA pA me ina sabhI ko 'ha' meM parivartita kara dene kI pravRtti rahI hai| dezInAmamAlA ke tadbhava zabdo meM inakI parivartita sthiti hai, para dezya zabdo me ye varNa Adi madhya, aura antya tIno sthitiyo me apane mUla rUpa meM vidyamAna hai / inakA vistRta vivaraNa dhyajano kI pravRtti kA vivecana karate samaya diyA jA cukA hai| (ka) praghopa alpaprANa ka, ca, Ta, ta, pa, ko saghoSa alpaprAraNa ga, ja, Da, da, ba meM parivartita kara dene ke udAharaNa nahI haiM / (sa) aghopa mahAprANa sa, cha, Tha, pa, pha, ko sopa mahAprANa tha, jha, 6, gha, bha, me ghoSIkRta karane ke udAharaNa bhI nahIM haiN| iname kha, Sa, pha ko 'ha' me parivartita karane ke udAharaNa mila jAte haiM-jaisela- dummuho| durmukha , ghUmasihA dhUmazikhA, muhl| mukham / tha- jhaajaano|ythaajaat., pAhejjI pAtheyam / pha- khnnuho| gulpha / 6. mahAprANIkaraNa - jaise-dharUtsara, thoyo| stepa yA stoka ! dhyaMjana-sayoga dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI me nimnalikhita vyajana sayoga prApta hote pravalasaMyuktavyajana-- ka, kha, ga, gha, jca ra, ja, jha, hai, ha, iMDa, ida, la, tya 6, , ppa, pha, va, bha / jaise ekvakarma, kakkhaDI, aggavegro, aMgghADI uccArI, ucchaTTo, ujjaDeM, ujjha maNaM, kaTTArI, giLUho, kuDDagiloI, aDDhaakkalI, atta, atthayAri, pada padaNo, advavidhAra, appaguttA, apphuNNa, abbuddhasirI, abbhakkhaNaM,

Page #272
2601 bImAra mayukta vyasana ga, pha, mma, mbha, mha, la, lha, ba, sma / meM-praNANa, uhiyA, ammA, vamaNI (vambhaNI), umhAvina, alla, kolhAharla, uccatta, gimle| mitramayukta yajana-ta, nda, nya / parantu inheM sarvatra anusvAra rUpa me hI likhA gayA pratIharI, duradara aSayU / nya soga milatA to hai, para NTha rUpa meM parivartita mayuktAsara sayuktAkSaroM kSa, tra, tathA mha, lha prAdi kA vivecana pIche vyajano ke vivAna ke bIca vistAra meM kiyA jA cukA hai| isa dRSTi se kiyA gayA dezInAmamAtA ko padAvalI kA adhyayana koI mahattvapUrNa pariNAma samakSa nahI lAtA / kanno vikAra kI lagabhaga sabhI dizAeM ma. bhA prA. jaisI hI haiM /

Page #273
[ 261 adhyayana 1. pagAma-mApA jI laghutama arthavAn ikAI ko padayAma kahate hai| eka pAvAgAyA aneka rAhAdagAma hote haiM / ye sahapadanAma paripUraka vitaraNa pAmika adhyayana pI haSTi meM detInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| isa prakAra ke adhyayana meM hI isa koza ke zabdo kA sabadha kisI yuga virAmI bhASA se jor3A jA sakatA hai / "dezInAmamAlA' kevala nAmapado kA sagraha ganco nAmapadI kA bhAratIya vicana hI yahA abhISTa hai| niruktakAra gAra ne pada gamA, ke cAra vibhAga niye 2-1 nAma, 2 pAkhyAta, 3. upasarga, 4. nidhapradhAna praryAta dravyapradhAna pada nAma haiN| bhAvapradhAna arthAt kriyA mAga para pragAna gAhanAne haiN| agaMdyotaka pada upasarga haiM tathA sapAtI aura padapUraka pada nirAta pahalAte haiN| dezonAmamAlA kI zabdAvannI kA sambandha prathama varga kI zabdAvalI se hai| jamo antargata, sajA, vizepaNa pIra priyAnizepaNa pado kA samAhAra kiyA jAtA hai| pAravAna prardhAta kriyApado kA prayoga dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI me nahI ke bagabara hai jo hai bhI, kRdantI prayogo ke prAdhAra para vizepaNa yA miyA vizeSaNa spa me hai / upamarga sajJApo ke vyutpAdaka abhinna a ga vanakara Aye haiM / mukta rUpa meM praryavAn na hote hue bhI ye pada-baddha hokara aryavAna ho jAte haiM / prata inakA vivecana dhuvAdaka pratyayo ke rUpa meM kiyA jAnA caahie| nipAto kI sthiti dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI meM nahIM hai prata. inakA vivecana yahA kiye jAne vAle adhyayana phA vipaya nahIM hogaa| zabdo kA svarUpa __ bhASA me kisI bhI prAtipadika yA dhAtu kA svatatra prayoga sabhava nahI hotA / saskRta meM to yaha niyama hI thA-"nApadazasra prayuJjIta" | nivibhaktikapada bhASA kA praga hI nahIM bana sakatA / pANini ne to suvanta yA tiDanta honA, pada kA lakSaNa hI batAyA hai / jahA vibhaktiyo kA koI lakSaNa upasthita nahI hotA vahA bhI vibhaktiyo kA lopapradarzita kara, pada ko vibhaktyanta banAkara prayoga karane kI pravRtti hai| 1 2. 3. phavIra kI mApA-DA mAtAvadala jAyamavAla, pR.51 para dI gayI pAda ttippnnii| suptihanta padam / pANini 114114 sadhyapAdapisupa / pANini 214182

Page #274
___262 1 ina vivecana se yaha sapTa ho jAtA hai ki kisI bhI bhASA meM vyavahata hone vAle pado meM pratyaya pranyiA anivArya hai| dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI me bhI pratyaya pratiyA isake padAtmakagana kA mahattvapUrNa praga hai / isame sakralita sabhI zabda pramAla, emdavana haiM / inake liMga nirNaya me bhI pratyaya hI sahAyaka haiN| yAyavyApAra kI dRSTi se pratyaya pramukhata do prakAra ke hote haiM :(1) putlAdaka pratyaya (2) vibhakti pratyaya (1) dhyutpAdaka pratyaya ve pratyaya hai jo kimI ghAtu athavA prAtipadika ke pUrva yA pazcAta sambala hogara, dUsarI ghAnu athavA prAtipadika kA nirmANa karate haiN| (2) vibhakti pratyaya pratyaya hai jo rimI ghAtu yA prAtipadika ke anta meM juDakara vyAkaraNikA rako prasTa varate haiN| vibhakti pratyaya ke bAda phira koI pratyaya nahI juDatA, nAva ina pratyayo yo carama pratyaya kahA jA sakatA hai| vyutpAdaka pratyayo ke Age, vibhakti pratyaya to mA sakate haiM, kintu vibhakti pratyaya ke bAda vyutpAdaka pratyaya nahIM pAte haiN| ___ inhIM do vibhAgoM ke anunya dezInAmamAlA ke padanAmika-gaThana kA vivecana nIce kiyA jA rahA hai| sarvaprayA vibhanni pratyayo kA vivaraNa de denA upayukta hogaa| (sa) vimarita pratyaya dezInAmamAtA ke manI ganda prathamA ekavacana ke hai| iname, sasA, vizepaNa aura yA viparAmada kI hai| inameM lagane vAle vibhakti pratyaya isa prakAra yara pugi, mA, vipaNa pora riyA vizepaNa pado meM lagane vAlA nAe va mA pratyaya hai|| mana meM akArAnta mandI ke prayamA eka vacana ke gi no' para dene kI pravRtti rahI hai / prAkRta me sabhI prakArAnta zabdo ke prasAramA prakArAta para diyA gayA / dezInAmagAlA ke sabhI lokA

Page #275
[ 263 :-:- LATE: pokArAnta sajJA tathA vizepaNa m. samo vAgaba, nAraH, pradasaNo cora', pravago-kaTAkSa, ..-:", TET, u na ra:-propAno gAmAdhIza , kaThigroyo / faming:bara.- . na uvacitto napagataH, uddhavano15.- Sam, Nipirina', uralUDo-prAsTaH, ekako pani bhUga. / nAtinI 'poyAganta' pulliga zabdI se yukta gala' pa; na do aura bhI nivibhaktika 'dezI' zabda 13 lI ganupaniyana pora 'porAnna' zabdo kA vAhulya, dezInApIkokAsAravAlA apanA se pUrva kI 'prokAra-bahulA ranA hai|n ko prokArAnta pado meM, adhikAza tadbhava bhI lima prAta bhAtA hai| prakAra deNInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI far prAyana godagampatti hai / ise apabhraza se kisI prakAra bhI nahIM sonA / udAharaNa kI gAthAyoge bhI prathamA e va ke rUpo me 'no' rimA pratyaya kA vyavahAra prA hai ! 'ukArAnta' prayoga eka bhI nahIM haiN| prAsana progagana praramA eva va. yA prayoga atyanta virala hai| DA harivallabhanayAgI ne prapA meM prokArAnta prayogo ko prAtAbhAsa mAnA hai| ve paumacariu kI bhUmikA meM lipane haiM-pattI ema vacana Fgha 'no' bahuta virala hai, jo prAkRtAbhAsa prora pratyakoM ke pUrva yA chanda ke anurodha se prayukta hotA hai|' isI prakAra sadezarAgata yo 'prokArAma' pragogo ko bhI bhAyAraNI prAkRtAbhAsa hI kahate haiM / DA vIrendra zrIvAstava bhI 'prokArAnta' spo ko prAkRta kI vizeSatA svIkAra pharate hue, ine prapatra za me (vizeSatayA pazcimI apabhra aa me) svalpa prayoga kA viSaya batalAte haiM / ve likhate haiM- 'vastuta.' po 'apabhra za bhASA me prAkRtAbhAsa hai / saMskRta ko akAranta prathamA eka vacana kA visargAnta rUpa avarNa, vargoM ke tRtIya, caturtha, 1. umacariu~-mAyANI kI bhUmikA, pR 61 / 2. sadezarAmaka bhUmikA, pR. 28

Page #276
264 1 pacamanI, annanya, yo ha (haz pratyAhAra) ke pare hone para 'no' me madhiniyama se na ho jAtA hai| usI prokArAnta napa ko prAkRta ne svIkRta kara liyA (ghAva-prA an, prot no (511) / apana za ne laghuccarita kara ise 'u' me para diyA para kucha rUpa prAnanda calate rahe haiN| gAgarA pya meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki dezInAmamAlA ke prokArAnta zabda mAtrA kI 'kArAnta' kI anyArI pUrvAvanyA kA dyotana karane vAle hai| isakI vigara banA isa nanda dI jA nAtI hai - prama737 pro73| denAnamAlA ke prAyAganta pada prAya. strIliGga hai / yaha saMskRta ke strIniMga cAcI TAp pratyaya ke anukaraNa para hI huA hai| kucha udAharaNa draSTavya manAgda pragilA gaNanA, naNamigrA-nApicchalatA pratyaNA asatI, aNumUgrAghAlatAnA, pAnA-prambA, grahAvA-gamatI, grAmavA-icchA, irigrA-kuTI, upphupikI, kaligrAgI, pApiyA kokilA ityAdi / para prakArAnta' deNyapado meM 'yA' vibhakti pratyaya kA aga na hokara aisA ragatA hai, mAmAnidika kA hI agabana kara pAyA hai| aise prAkArAnta pada-athaM kI are bhI poliMga pAnI nahIM haiN| kucha udAharaNa draSTavya haiM - prajaghA-mAnA (nati), pracanA kopa , amAga-badalI, pAhATApatA: pro-nizAna, kAminA-pravacArI pannam, kAliyA zarIram, koDalA4 7 basamaTA-banavAra ? baizA-mazra / prA prayogI anya vibhakti 'desI' prayoga kahA jA sakatA hai| ni-pratyaya kA nirdhAraNa nahIM diyA gA maranA / prati pratyaya pa nIya ye manda arthagata vikAra kI viSayavastu hai| prakalI samkRta mAga gayo bI yuti de pAnA eka pragambhava mA kArya hai| MEHTprakArApAnI kI sampani hai| yuga yugoM meM bhASA meM prayukta

Page #277
[ 265 hoye Ane ke kAraNa inakA artha mAtra jJAta hotA hai / aise zabdo ko ajJAtavyutpattika zabdo kI koTi me rakhA jA sakatA hai| prAkRta bhApA me saMskRta ke akArAnta zabda kI prathamA vibhakti ke ba. va me visargayukta prAkArAnta se, visarga kA lopa kara kevala 'yA' ke prayoga kI pravRtti bhI rahI hai-jaise vaccA-vatsA / dezInAmamAlA ke kucha prAkArAnta zabdo me yaha pravRtti dekhI jA sakatI haiM uvalabhattA-valayAni, khaDDA-mauktikAni, gundA, gupA-bindava , cAulAtaNDulA / uparyukta nIna vizeSatAgro ke antargata dezInAmamAlA ke samasta prAkArAnta pada samAhita kiye jA sakate hai / vizuddha dezya prakRti ke zabdo me ise zUnyavibhaktika prayoga bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / prAkArAnta pado kI bhAti IkArAnta pada bho tadbhava aura dezya do prakAra ke haiM / aise zabda kahI to vibhaktyanta haiM aura kahI niviktika / vibhaktyanta pado me 'I' strIliMgavAcI vibhakti pratyaya hai / aise zabdo me yaha saskRta ke strIliMgavAcI 'DIpa' pratyaya kA hI vikAsa hai / tadbhava zabdo se alaga 'I' pratyaya laghutAvAcaka bhI haiN| dono ke udAharaNa draSTavya haistrIliMgavAcI 'I' ~~ khoTTI-dAsI, gaDDarI-chAgI, gattADI-gAyikA, gadINI-cakSu sthagana-krIDA, mallAraNI-mAmI, mahAvallI, nalinI, mANasI-mAyAvinI,mAmI-mAtu-lAnI,mAyadIzvetAbarAsanyAsinI meThI-pIlavAna kI strI ityAdi / laghutAvAcaka 'I' yaha prA 'DI' aura 'rI' vyutpAdaka parapratyayo ke sAtha milakara prayukta hai / isakA vistRta vivaraNa vyutpAdaka pratyayo ke prasaga me diyA jaayegaa| khaDakkI-khiDakI, gojI-majarI Adi isake udAharaNa hai / zUnyavibhaktika 'i' pratyaya jaise-aNusutto-anukUla , I daggI-tuhinam, uttu riddhI-dRpta', uddhacchavI, urarI__ pazu., khullirI saketa: ghugghurI.,-maNDUka., chachuI-kapikacchU ityAdi /

Page #278
266 ] yaha napu.li. kA dyotaka vibhakti pratyaya hai| dezInAmamAlA ke sajJA aura vigepaNa padoM meM yaha do rUpo me vyavahRta hai| eka to saMskRta (phalam Adi) ke anukaraNa para vibhakti pratyaya (prae va ) ke rUpa me aura dUsare svArthika zra (saskRta 'ka') aura kRdanI 'ta' (pra) pratyaya ke sthAnI rUpa me / svArthika 'a' ke sthAnI rUpa meM yaha ra vizeSaraNa pado meM vyavahRta huA hai| kramaza dono ke udAharaNa isa prakAra hai pravakta-grAnAntam, aNNamaya-punaruktama, avagUDha-vyalIkam, idaggidhUmaMtuhinam guna-cumbanam, goDa-kAnanama, jhamura-tAmbUlam ityAdi / myAyika 'ka' praura kRdantI 'ta' kA sthAnI yaM-- jnu bhipra-raddhagalagedana (una mumbhitama), prauagghiyaM-ghAta (ava-aAghrAta), kaDanni bAritam ('na'), bhalumigra -dagdha ('na') Nihuna- nirvyApAra (nibhRta) ityaadi| daniya-nirigatAna (dalika), bandha-ikSasadRza taNam (ka), vepyua-nizutva (ka), haligra -zIna (laghuka ) / mvAdhika 'ka' pratyatya ke sthAnI 'a' aura tajjanya 'pra' pratyaya mayukta mpa, 'ta' ke nyAnI rupo kI tulanA me, atyalpa haiM / denI-- anyAneka demI pandI meM yaha vibhakti pratyaya na hokara pUre prAtipadika kA hI praga vAkara grgaa| aise zabda namvana ne avyutpAdya hai| isa koTi ke kucha prayoga dAdana ? ___ mAlipra-gRhama, malina -nayakSetram, gDhugra-rajju ityAdi / parantu prAcArya gacanda na ena manI zandI meM nipacana hI mAnakara makAnita kiyA hai| udAharaNa so gAmAmo na nA prayoga vibhavanyanna napu ni0 gandI ke rUpa meM hI kiyA gayA hai| (ja) nivirita zUnya prayoga

Page #279
[ 267 ukArAna- gAhu-ullUka', TiMmbara-ekaphala vizepa, vIsu-joDe me se eka, haNa adhuuraa| akArAnta- pradhadhU.kUpa , prayu sU-zarabha , pAU-salila, ucchucchU-hapta , ucchU-vAta , uDa tagaparivAraNam, kalabU-tumbIpAyam, kAheNa-gu jA, keU-kandaH, koraNa lekhA (pavita), senAlU-ni saha , cittadAU, madhupaTalam, / DAU-phalihamaka 'vRkSa , riNammasU-taruNa.. tharU-talavAra kI mUTha, dasU. zoka, palabhU-sevA, pAU-bhavatam. piMcU-pakvakarIram bhallU - RkSa , maUparvata., muggUgU-nakuna , vaja-lAvaNya, vagevaDU- zUkara , vasU-Dhera, vahU mugadhina-drava, velU cora / ekArAnta-pu ne alagAva / jAyuMpA vibhaktyanta pratyayo ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI ko spaSTa hI do bhAgo me vATA jA sakatA hai-(1) saskRta ke anukaraNa para vikalita prAkRto kI vizeSatAyo se yukta zabdAvalI, (2) dezyazabdAvalI jise ajJAtavyutpattika kahA jA sakatA hai / (2) vyutpAdaka pratyaya : vyutpAdaka pratyayo kA kimI bhASA kI zAbdika yA padagata racanA me bahuta baDA hAtha rahatA hai / vyutpAdaka pratyayo ko do vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai--- (ka) vyutpAdaka pUrva pratyaya-jinhe upasarga kahA jAtA hai (sa) vyutpAdaka parapratyaya-ye sajA eva kriyApado me lagakara unakA eka alaga arthavAna rUpa nirmita karate hai / deNInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI meM dono prakAra ke pratyayo kA vyavahAra huA hai / inakA vistRta vivecana isa prakAra hai / (ka) vyutpAdaka pUrva pratyaya yA upasarga mApika saracanA meM upasargo' kA bahuta baDA sthAna hai / padAtmaka gaThana ke sadarbha me inakI mahattA vahata prAcIna kAla se hI svIkAra kI jAtI rahI hai| upasarga sajJA yA kriyA pado me lagakara unakA artha vadala dete hai / muktAvasthA me upasarga arthavAn hote haiM yA nahIM, isa bAta para paryApta vivAda rahA hai / zAkaTAyana kI sammati me upa sarga vinA sambandha ke artha kA kathana nahIM karate, nAma aura pAkhyAta se sayukta hokara arthadyotaka banate haiN| gArya kA vicAra hai ki upasargoM ke vividha artha hote hai

Page #280
___ 268 ] .--"na nirvadA upamargA aryAnnirAharitikAzaTAyana / nAmAkhyAtayoge karmopanayogadyAtakAbhavanti / uccAvacA padArthA bhavanti iti gArya / "1 pANini ne priyAyoga me hI upasarga sajJA svIkAra kI aura yaha mAnA ki usase yoga meM balAt dhAtvartha anya pratIta hone lagatA hai / saskRta me pra, apa, sa, nir, dura prAdi pramunna 22 upasarga mAne gaye / inakI apanI aryavAn mattA to hai hI, sajJA yA dhAtu meM juDakara ye unakA artha bhI badala dete haiM / ma bhA prA me prA bhA yA ke upanagoM kA dhvaniparivartana ke sAtha prayoga kiyA gayA / zabdo ke Adi me jur3ane ke vAraNa unhe pUrvasarga (prefix) bhI kahA gayA hai| gadagnAmika adhyayana kI dRSTi meM ye prAva padanAma hai jo ki yuktapadagrAma meM juDakara usame artha parivartana kara dete hai / vAdhunika bhASA vaijJAnika inheM pUrva prAdapadagrAmo arthAt pUrvapratyayo kI sajJA se abhihita karate haiM / deNInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI meM bhI ina pUrvapratyayo yA upasargoM ke prayoga dene jA sakate haiM / yahA prayukta upasarga pUrNatayA ma bhA yA ke upasargoM kA anArA parate haiN| pasama - pahANa pratiSThAna, pautyaprodhita (gRha), paemo/prAtivezmika , parihayo pratihasta Adi / prama ,prapa- pravagA/apAha ga, avahAno apabhoga, avarattayo / aparacata / prabApraya- avagiyo avagaNita,avaaNNe avahan / pravapra- pravattaya pravRt / propina nava-yAghrAta, proDha pravadagdha, pohattopatta, prositta LpramiAlam / proprAprapa- ghoDAprapoprapAtapa. (prayApramo), shhinggaa gnny prA- yogInAuna zIrSa / mAmA- anItu:, aNumRgrAma ! fro- giniyamana, lipI nikRti dambha ), gi pramaniyata, giupako nimma / } :~-7-113 2 7 14 dina 111159 7 ghAA balAda yananIyI-prahArAhA mahAra FI -f... yAntriA /

Page #281
/ 269 Ni nira,nis -Ni rgii|nirs gI, rigariMgaNanirgatam / hissako ni Naka. (nirbhara.) rigaLuhina niSThyUta, giTTa ho| nistbdhH| riNapharisonir-sparza / dudur- dummunodurmusa. (bndr),dummipie| durmati, dUdura- dUmalo, duuhlo|durbhg , duuhttttho|durh daya / vivi- vikkeNuga vikrI, vizvabhaviSkabha, viccddddo| vicchaI , viluttahino viluptahRdaya / agayo / akAya (rAkSasa), airajuvaI,acirayuvatI, agahaNo agrahaNa , acala acala (gRha) mAdhyA grAra poTovina prATopita (kodhita), zrAreigra pArecita (mukulita) prArohomAroha (stana) ahiTa abhi ahiAsaNa. abhIdaNya, ahihANa abhidhAnam / kevala do hI udAha raNa haiN| ahi aghi ke udAharaNa eka bhI nahIM hai / prati- prANina atinIta / sumu- sudaarunno| sudAraNo (cANDAla), sudummaNigrA, mulanamajarI Adi meM bhI 'su' kA prayoga lakSita kiyA jA sakatA hai / para ye zabda ajJAta vyutpattika hai / u.ut, ud- ugghyo| udghAta (samUha), ugdhuTTa uddhRSTa (sAhasa), ucchitta LutkSipta (vikSipta), uttharagho/ut-sthag, uddisina ut diza / U7un- UsavinA uta-ap (udbhrAnta) subhinna ud-sumbha / U.upa- UhaTTa Lupa-hasa / paDiprati paDikkiyo pratikriyA, paDikhadha / pratiskagha,paDicchando/praticchanda (mukham), paDiriNaasaNa/pratinivasana (rAtri kA vstr)| deso paDi- paDicchano-samaya paDitthiro-sadRza / paDisata-pratikUlaM, paDisAro-paTutA Adi / parimpari- parihaNa,paridhAnaM, parihAraittimAparihAryA strii| prihcch|prihst (paTu) Adi / uva/upa- uvakaya /upakRta, uvadIva, upadvIpa,

Page #282
2701 uvamango/upamR, uvaujjo/upakRtaH / praNA an na-prA mA pA meM ajana ke pUrva na ko 'a' ho jAtA thA aura svara se pUrva an / ma mA yA me yahI an - araNa ke rUpa meM prayukta hotA dakhA jA sakatA hai / de nA mA kI zabdAvalI me bhI yaha pUrvasarga prayukta hai / kucha udAharaNa draSTavya haiMpraNAanagha, agaDo/anRtaH / avyutpAdya dezya zabdo me bhI imasI sthiti atyanta spaSTa haipragandhinAra-anchinna, aNarAmapro-parati , aparikko-kSaraNarahita , grAhapparagapa-pranaSTa, aNahAro-UMcA nIcA asamatala Adi / (ba) vyutpAdaka para pratyaya gAbdika naracanA meM yuvAdaka parapratyayo kA bahuta baDA hAtha hotA hai / prAmA prA meM unheM taddhita aura kRdanta do vibhAgoM ke antargata bargIkRta kiyA gayA kitI kRdanta nAmapada se, jisake antargata sanA, sarvanAma aura vizepaNa haiM anya nAma pada kA nirmANa karane vAle pratyaya taddhita kahalAte haiM aura kisI, vAtu me sayukta homarada kA nirmANa karane vAle pratyaya kRdanta kahalAte haiM / dezInAmamAlA kI dezya mandira ganyatA meM ina dono prakAra ke pratyayo kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / isame kA pratyaya to nakRna ke haiM, kucha prAryetara drAviDa zrAdi bhANo ke aura puTa vimudAya meM 'damI' hai / tadita aura kRdanta ina do vibhAgo ke antargata isa koza relI meM vyavahAra pratyo kA vivaraNa nIce diyA jA rahA hai| nacinAnta sanda prAptAzila prayogo ko pAca voM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai --- (1) vApira pratyaya nAnAdI meM svAyaM meM kaI prakAra ke pratyayoM kA vyavahAra hA 12 mAgi pratyayoM ko dete hue unake bhinna-bhinna pradezo kI bhApA se kA nidAna bhI gpaSTa ho jAtA hai / : nA ! - nAzA yo meM yaha pratyaya paryApta mAtrA meM vyavahRta hai / yaha alpArtha hai| damahaphAmugro indramahavAmuka , uttaragAvara diyaa|

Page #283
[ 271 uttaraNavaraDikA (nAva), krinaa|kaarikaa, kAsima kshik,koliyo|kaulik joiao|jyotisskH, dalia / dalika, paDicchiA / prti-icchikaa,biiayo|biijkH, bhttttiyo| bhartRka ityaadi| ar3a yA i A bhA. prA. me T svArthavat prayoga- yaha vizuddha dezI pratyaya hai / hemacandra 8141429 tathA tarkavAgIza 31216 me isa pratyaya kA vivaraNa dete haiM / apabhra za bhASA kA yaha apanA pratyaya mAnA gayA hai / apabhra za me yaha dezya zabdo ke prayogabAhulya ke kAraNa hI prAyA hogaa| lagabhaga sabhI prAkRta vyAkaraNakAro ye isa pratyaya kI sthiti svIkAra kI hai| rAmatarkavAgIza ne svAthika-i-pratyaya ko kontalI tathA -DI-pratyaya ko pAcAlikA kI vizeSatA batAyA hai| uttarI rAjasthAna me aAja bhI-DI-pratyayAnta zabdo kA vAhalya hai| hindI me lakaDI, pagaDI, jhADI, marAThI me pAraDU, karaDU zeraDU tathA gujarAtI me bhanaDU, diyaDU aAdi prayoga isI svArthika pratyaya se savaddha haiM / pulliga me prayukta hone para yaha pratyaya 'DA' (ato striyA DA) tathA strIliMga me prayukta hI -DI- ke rUpa me pAtA hai| parantu de nA mA ke zabdo me ina pratyayo kA prayoga isa niyama se mukta hai / aDADo balAtkAraH, karaDA-laTU,karaDo-yAghra , ghaTiaghaDA-goSThI, jhADa-latAgahana (hindI-jhADI), DaDa-cIthaDA, taDamaDo kSubhita , taDavaDA ekavRkSa, tallaDa-palaga, tiriDo-timiravRkSaH paraDA eka sApa, purohaDa, veDo-nAva (baDA) DI pArADI-vilapitam, karayaDI-sthUlavastra, karoDI-kITikA, khaDahaDI-tarumarkaTa gattADI-gAyikA, goDI-majarI, dhammoDI-madhyAhnasamaya, jhaDI-nirantaravRSTi , DaDI-cIthar3A, taNavaraDI-ekanAva, tataDI-dahI kI kaDhI, totaDI-kaDhI, ghADI-pheMkA huaA, pakhuDI-pattI, mauDI-jUTa, maDI pidhAnikA, roDI icchA, turuDI-phoDA / kahI-kahI aD+DI sAtha-sAtha bhI pAye haiM-jaise churamaDDI-nApitaH tiriDDI-uNavAta , paDDI-prathama-prasUtA / 1 2 DakAramamnI kli kauntalI syAt 313139 I DI bahulAt pAucAlikA-313139

Page #284
272 ] ro kacchI-vAtra, kaTTArI-jhunkiA, karamarI-balAt lAyI gayI strI, gaDDarIchAgI, billige-mApha prAdi / da - yaha bhI 'demI pratyaya hai / bhoTTI-praghamahipI, taravaDo-ka vRkSa, dhaTTI-pazu , dugdhuTTo-hastI, parihaTTIprAya paMga, poTTa udarama, geTTa-pATA / gAuTo-mabhAva , yauTa-bhelAvA kA vRkSa, veDDA-mU cha-dADhI, maDDA balAtkAra , daDDo-mahAn huDDA-jugrA, hiDDo-vAmana alla-illa-Talla-ullI inakI tulanA prA. mA pA ke ula (caTula-mRdula) se kI jA sakatI hai / para prA nA A me bhI yaha deza-bhApAyo me hI liyA gayA hogaa| pANini ke uNAdi pratyayo meM aneka degya prakRti ke hai / grana yaha vigudva 'damI' pratyaya hai / rAmatakaMvAgIza ne vaidI me na pratyaya kA prayoga vAhulya batAyA hai 'vedamakAmannaghanA vana' 31318 mAraMpTeba gila vAte hai / de nA mA kI zabdaracanA me ina pratyayo kA vAhulya ummanna tRpyA, ummala tonnRpa , prollI-dIrghamadhuradhvani., kallA-madyam nindA-ganipatI, daravatlo gAma svAmI, mUpratlo mUka , laigrallIbRpabha gila-bamAtam,prAkilo navIna, ekakanAhillo ekasthAnavAcI, ekka pachillo devara, porilo-pralpamamya ,, kailabaralomvacchadacArI vRpabha , gandA lo mayUra / lanTilo -pya , randullo anuvAda , umapura nA-purA, kAunla bonasa pAunosa ammA-punI-gilA, pannina gapitam pariyo sAdimanana, pratharikako bhaNarahitaH, ubukka radana, baTTikkogonina, maTarako uddhAra prAdi /

Page #285
[ 273 phatta tvavAcaka pratyayaANa- proDaNa-uttarIyama, poharaNa-vinipAtanam, kuddaNo-rAsaka kUsaraNa-khaTTA, kunaphamaraNo-kula kalaka / hAra-hArI-hara-harI bauhArI, bohArI-jhAr3a, bohaharo-mAgadha. aNthrii-daagii| nAgA- agdhAgo tRpna. / yaganija-anavananam / cuja-mAnaryam / vAlappa-puccha, viDappo-rAhu , jhoDappo-canA, TippI-tilaka / nambadhArthaka pratyaya pArI-prAra/kAra-pepaNayArI-dUnI prAgrAlI-mizrIbhAvaH, grAvAla-jananikaTam, kaTunAlo-laghumatsya : I-kA-kamaNI-jamaNI (gIDhI) ku talI eka pyAlA / khadAkI viTavikakA-khiDakI, gANI gaNikA-gAyikA / gAgaNI grAmagI-prAmAdhipati / paNI-delI pratyaya gAmeNI gAma : egI-chAgI vatI, gatI-dumbavatI-nadI, kuksimaIkukSimatI-gabhiraNI / mnI pratyayagrA aDayaNA, aDayA asatI, kAyapiucchA-kokilA, kaliyA-sakhI, kIlA navavadhU, kukulA-navavadhU, nAgejjA-navapariNItA, ciracirA-jaladhArA / aAyA- gaDDha-zaiyA / kalhoDI-bachiyA, kuTTayarI-caNDI, khaDaI-asatI, gANI-gAyikA,govI bAlA, bhIrA-najjA, gadA-gAya / go gadINI-cakSu,sthaganakrIDA, raNadiNI-gAya, pIsagI-sIDhI, duddhiNI dudhaha~DI, paccucyuhaNI navasurA / ru caraNI-ATe kI ckkii| eNI-gAmeNI-chAgI (hindI me daha~DI) / igrA/ikA- uttaraNavaraDiyA-naukA, gaNaNAinA-caNDI, ghuNaghuNimA-karNopa

Page #286
prAyA 274 ] kaNikA, gomaNigrA-moTI, duiiddhaNigrA-dudhaha~DI, pddicchinaa-prtihaarii| ingI- dummaigI-phalahazIlA strI, du dumiNI-rUpavatI putrAiNI-pizAcagRhItA, puDANI-nalinI / phelAyA-mAtulAnI mayAmalAmA-sArikA / prAI- vaNamabAI -kokilA jAI-murA / aI- vAI-vRkSapakti , jIvayamaI-mRgAkarSaNa hetu vyAdhimRgI (5) kRdantIprayoga dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI meM bhUta kRdanta tathA bhAvavAcI kRdanta ke prayoga hI dekhane meM prAte haiM / unake udAharaNa nIce diye jA rahe hai nUtakRdantapra prA mA yA yata pracaniya-praniphalina, ajmavasigra-dADhI mUcha se saphAcaTa, achiprayATa, proniviyatra -ganivyAghAta praumiritra -ghrAtam kaDatatina-dArita tyaadi| gamaga manI vizeSaNapado meM jo grAnyAtaja haiN| isa pratyaya kA vyavahAra dekhA jA navana grAgina (pramita jagA uttI/janAyukta.- grAma pradhAnapurapa / dipradhunIpAra , digdana - dopahara kA bhojana / bhAratAmA pragA prA mA yA ana 331 udabhAtanam (pAdi meM paTognA), ujjhanA, projjhamaraNakpalAyanam apane pANI puTa-lepana -nRtA, muTiapegagA--brAhmaNa kA bhejA jAnA chikkograNopamAna , mi. mahA-vivAha /

Page #287
/ 275 "arthagata adhyayana" dhvani pIra pada yadi kisI zabda ke bAhya aga hai to artha usakI prAtmA hai / jisa prakAra jIvAtmA ke binA zarIra kA koI mUlya nahI usI prakAra artha ke binA zana kI koI mahattA nahIM hai / mahAbhASyakAra patajali ne 'siddha zabdArtha' savadha sUtra meM yahI ghanita kiyA hai / zabda aura artha dono kA zAzvata sambandha hai / yaha kahanA to upayukta nahIM ki kinI zabda vizeSa kA eka hI artha nitya hai usakA artha parivartita ho mAtA hai, para zabda nadeva sArthaka hI hotA hai / kisI zabda se usake kisI arthavizeSa ko nityatA ghora anityatatA ke vivAda se pare, mAmAnya rUpa se yaha svIkAra kiyA jAtA rahA hai ki zabda aura ardha kA sambandha mAzvata hai arthAt zabda sadaiva arthavAn hotA hai / vA aura artha ke imI zAzvata sambandha kI carcA kAlidAsa ne apane mahAkAvya raghuvaMzam ke prArambhika zloka me kI hai "vAgarthAviva sakto vAgarthapratipattaye" prAdi / aba eka prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se uThatA hai-prAcira zabda ge ayaM ke sambandha kA niyAmaka kauna hai ? mahAbhASyakAra pataJjali isa sambandha kA niyAmakA loka ko mAnate haiM / loka me zabdo kA vyavahAra hI limI zanda ne usake pratha kA niyAmaka hotA hai / ata. lokavyavahAra ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI kimI zabda ke artha kI parIkSA kI jAnI cAhie / yahI vyavasthA niraktakAra yAska ne 'arthanitya parIkSeta' kaha kara dii| 'zabda aura artha kA sambandha gurutvAkapaMga niyama ke anusAra prAkRtika nahIM haiN| yadi aisA hotA to kisI zabda ke uccAraNa karate hI anAyA marvatra sarvadA eka artha kI hI pratIti ho jAtI / zabdArya sambandha dezakAlAvacinna na hokara bhI, kisI vyakti vizepa kI icchA para nirbhara na hokAra, samAja para AdhArita hai| dhvaniyo kA arthoM se koI prAkRtika sambandha nahIM, phira bhI dhvanyAnukaraNAtmaka, bhAvAbhivyajaka zabdo me dhvani kA prabhAva zrA hI jAtA hai aura kisI bhI bhApA me aise zabdo kI nagaNya mAtrA nahI hotii| unakI prartha vodhana prakriyA para vicAra karanA hI caahie| zavda vastuta arthoM ke saketa hai / java saketo me masti prarthoM kI bodhanakSamatA kathacita ghaTa jAtI hai yA nahI rahatI to saketa parivartita kara diye jAte hai yA saketa kA naye artha se sambandha sthApita kara diyA jAtA hai / yahI vAgarthapratipatti hai-zabda se artha kA pratipAdana hai / "2 ___DA vIrendra zrIvAstava kA yaha kathana uparyukta kathana kA hI samarthana karatA hai / zabdo se artha kA sambandha-jJAna pUrNata loka vyavahAra para AdhArita hai / loka 1. mahAgApya prathama Ahnika / 2. apabhra za bhASA kA adhyayana-DA. vIrendra zrIvAstava, 243

Page #288
276 1 avatAra ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue zabdArtha nambanca kA nirdhAraNa aura usake artha vikAsa kA vicAra ho praya-vijJAna kA viSaya hai| inhI siddhAnto ke AdhAra para dezInAmamAlAko dAbalI kA arthagata adhyayana yahA amApta hai| isa koNa me sakalita mAvalImA to pUrNatayA loravyavahAra nAna para AdhArita hai| de. nA. mA. kI nArI kA sambandha anAdi pravRtta prAtaka nApA (loka mApA) meM hai| isame macita zabda yuga pugo meM vIra mApAtro meM pracalita rahe haiM / jAntro meM prayukta na hone ke kAraNa nya nabIna paddhati para nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| inakI mahattA kevala yA ancana bhI dRSTi meM hai / yaha arthanirdhAraNa bhI pUrNatayA zabdo ke lokavyavahA grAzrita hai| dekhane meM ima koza ke aneko zabdo mana aura prAkRta (mAhikinamelagate hai, para inavA artha masta aura prAkRta ke arthavikAsa se nahIM juDa pAnA / unale prarya kA niyAmaka to loka hI hai| loka meM pracalita inake prayogo ko para hI una ayaM kA nirdhAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki prAcArya hemacandra ina gabdo ko kimI eka yuga vizeSa kI bhASika sampatti na mAnate nayA nambata anAdipravRtta lokamApA se batAte hai ..." "tasmAdanAdi pravRttaprAkRtanApAvizepa evAya dezIzabdo nocyata ni nAtivyApni.11 ina anAnavyutpattika gabdo kA adhyayana kevala ayaM kI hI dRSTi me kiyA hai / batrAmA aura padAtmaka dRSTi se dI gayI inakI yuvatti atyata bhAmara hAtyAmpada mI lagatI hai, ataH artha-vimAna kI vividha dizAmro ko ghAmapAhI napA adhyayana kiyA jAnA upayukta hogaa|

Page #289
' [ 277 ajJAta pratiparokSazabda kI vyAsyA parokSavRtti kA prAzraya lekara pratyakSavRtti se karanI nAhie / niruta ke TIkAkAra durgAcArya isa prapriyA kA eka udAharaNa bhI dete hai, va svaya 'nighaNTa' zabda ko atiparokSavRtti zabda mAna pahale parokSavRtti 'nigantava' zabda meM use vyatpanna karate hai aura phira nigamayinAra' jaise pratyakSa kriyA vAle bda se bane vyutpanna kara lete haiN| nirupata yA vyutpattizAsna bhASA vijJAna kA eka mahatvapUrNa aga hai| kisI bhI bhAga meM bAvarata pada ko samajhane ke lie usakI nirukti Avazyaka hai| de nA mA.gI padAvalI bhI nigakti kI apekSA rakhatI hai| parantu isa nirukti ke lie pati-pratyaya kA nirdhAraNa kiyA hI jAye, yaha Avazyaka nahI / zAkaTAyana: yA nairakta sampradAya nI nAti sabhI zabdo kA prakRti-pratyaya vivecana anivArya mAne binA bhI gAya kI bhAti gadhyama mArga kA anusaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai / zAkaTAyana aura yAska ne sabhI pado kI vyutpatti me prakRti-pratyaya nirdhAraNa Avazyaka mAnA thA, parantu gAya-samajhate hai ki sabhI zabdo kI vyutpatti de pAnA sambhAvya nahI, prata amAta vyutpattika zabdo ke artha avadhAraNa mAtra se sa topa kara lenA upayukta hai, unakI dRSTi meM nirvacana sabhAvya zabdo kI hI vyutpatti anveSaNIya hai / dezInAmamAlA ke gabdo me bhI yahI sidvAnta lAgU kiyA jAnA cAhie / isame nakalita aneko zabda aige haiM, jinakI zAstasammata nyutpatti dI jA sakatI hai, para yaha vyutpatti dhvanyAtmaka eva spAtmaka samAnatA taka hI sImita hogI arthavijJAna kI dRSTi ne upayukta nahIM hogii| eka udAharaNa liyA jAye-de nA. mA 4 'amayariNaggamo ganda prAyA hai / vyutpatti kI dRSTi se yaha zabda saMskRta kA 'amRtanirgama 'zabda hai / inage dhvanigata vikAra (varNa vikAra) dhvanivijJAna kA viSaya hai, isakA rUpAtmakA aza rUpa vijJAna kA viSaya hai, parantu arthavijJAna kI dRSTi se dono me antara yA jAtA hai| 'gramayariNaggamo' kA artha candramA hai, parantu 'amRtanirgama' para pUre rAskRta sAhitya me kahI bhI candramA ke artha me vyavahRta nahI hai / aisI sthiti meM isakI vyutpatti adhUrI raha jAtI hai / yaha pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki zabda aura arSa kA zAzvata sambandha hai| yadi zabda hai to usakA kucha artha bhI hogA gora artha kA nirdhAraka loka hotA hai| ata kisI bhI zabda kI vyutpatti dete samaya artha ko dhyAna me rakhanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| svaya niruktakAra - 1 vividha hI zabdAvasthA-pratyakSavRttaya parokSavRttaya , atiprokssvRttyshc| tatIktakriyA pratyakSavRttaya antarlInaniyA. parokSavRttaya mahiparokSavRtti' zabdepu nirvcnaamypaay.| tasmAtparokSavattimApAya pratyakSavRttinA zabdena nirvaktavyA tadyathA nighaNTava ityatiparokSavRtti. nigantaya iti parokSavRtti, nigamayitAra iti pratyakSa vRtti.| -nirukta 11115 para vRtti / nirukta-1112

Page #290
278 yAba ne bhI pratyeka zabda kI vyutpatti dene kA prayAsa kiyA thA, para isa jhoka me ve cinane hI zandI kI uTapaTAga vyutpattiyA de gaye haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki hemacandra samaya hote hA bhI deNyapado kI vyutpatti (prakRti-pratyaya nirdhAraNa) ke cakkara me nahIM / uni loka ko pramANa mAnakara, anAdipravRttaprAkRta bhASA (lokabhASA) kendo kA arthanirdhAramA mAtra kara diyA hai / isa koza ke adhikAza zabda dhvanyAtmaka gya pAnma kA gaThana kI dRSTi me ma mA pA kA anugamana karate haiM, parantu artha kI dRSTi meM ve vilgAla bhinna pratIta hote hai jaise 'amvoccI'' ko lIjie-isakA artha hai 'pana cunane vAnI' / inakI vyutpatti 'grAmrANi uccinoti' isa rUpa me saskRta se dI jAnI hai. phira bhI yaha zabda saMskRta kA nahIM hai kyoki saskRta me na to isakA prayoga hI prAgrAra na vyutpana kara lene para hI isakA artha 'phUtacunanevAlI' hotA narA vyutvanilanya artha hogA 'grAma kA phUta cunane vAlI' / parantu isa artha me, lomA vyavahAra nahI hotA-prataH ye 'dezI' zabda haiN| hemacandra svaya bhI kahate padi sA arga 'grAma kA phala cunane vAlI' hI hogA taba yaha dezI nahIM hogA 'yadAnapuSpApyevAccinIti tadA na degii|' raga prakAra 'dezI' zabdo kA prAcIna paripATI me kiyA gayA vyutpattigata pavana mitI yAma kA nahIM middha hotA / inakA kevala artha kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA prasanI upayogI hogA / nArAzapa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'dezI' pAbdo kA mAna parAna yA artha-vijJAna ke kSetra me paTatA hai| vyutpatti ke anya praga-varNAgama, lA, bargaviparyaya, varNavinAza aura dhAtu kA atizaya yoga una zabdo ani nikama hI ho, iname una zabdo ke 'dezIpana' meM koI antara nahI HTTEE mAtrA merAyaTI nahIM-praneko aime zabda haiM, jinhe sudhI vidvAnoM ne maga yA yA phira mammana me vipata tadbhava zabdAvalI kA zraga batalAyA hai| aise pa rAmarata-nApA- gahI ubhara kara mAmane pAtA hai| aise sthalo para 5 mA . yA bhara rAne hati gamkata vyaya prAkRto (lokabhApAro) kI RNI hai / TririmadAtA (loka bhASAmro) kI sampatti hai| pratyeka zabda ko 1. nITa - jAnera meM ve vAranaviya tathyoM ko aura me grAkha banda -17 AR, vidvAnI dvArA dI jAne vAlI gvIMcatAna se acchI taraha rone jInAmamAlA ke prAramna meM hI yaha spaSTa kara diyA

Page #291
[ 279 hai ki deNya zabdo ko nirukti kisI prakAra bhI sambhava nahI hai / pUre koza me sakalita zabdAvalI ko ve tIna vargoM me vATate hai (1) jo lakSaNa se prasiddha hai-arthAt jo zabdAnuzAsana ke niyamo se avyutpanna haiM, jiname varNAgama prAdi caturvidha niruktiyo kA samAveza nahI tathA jiname prakRti pratyaya vivecana kA kathAcit avakAza nahI aura jo sarvathA loka me rUDha haiM ve dezI haiM / dezInAmamAlA ke adhikAza zabda imI koTi ke hai jaise-akko-dUta, agilAavajJA, aDayaNA-agalI, aNaDa-jAra,prariallo-vyAghra, prAhu-ullU, kalI-zatra, karaDovyAghra, kolo-grIvA, veMkA-pAnI kI carbI, DheMkI-dhAna kUTane kI cakkI, kolhugrokolha, taharI zarAba, tu gI-rAtri, thaTTI-pazu , tharI-kapaDA bunane kA yatra, thUNo-azva, dAro-kaTisUtra prAdi / (2) aise zabda jo saskRtAbhidhAna granyo me prasiddha nahIM hai, arthAt prakRti pratyaya se siddha hote hue bhI saskRta kozo me sakalita nahIM haiM (inhe saskRtAbha zabda bhI kahA jA sakatA hai) / jaise amboccI-phUla cunane vAlI, amayaNiggamo candramA, chinnonmavA chinnodbhavA dUrvA, airANI adhirAjJI-indrANI, vairograNo verocana buddhaH prAdi / (3) gauNalakSaNA zakti se bhI jo zabda siddha nahI hai-jaise vahalla-vaila mUrkha yA gagA-gagAtaTa jaise zabdo kA sakalana nahIM kiyA gayA / / dezI zabdo kA yaha vailakSaNya prAcArya hemacandra ne svaya hI batA diyA hai / jahA kahI vyutpattilabhya zabda kA sakalana unhone kiyA bhI hai, usake dezI mAne jAne kA paucitya bhI pratipAdita kara diyA hai / itanA saba hone para bhI DA. vUlara jaise vidvAn ko de nA mA ke sabhI zabda saMskRta se vyutpatti gAhya lage / zabdo ke svarUpa ko dekhakara unhone eka bhaTake se kaha to diyA ki sabhI zabda saMskRta se vyutpattilabhya hai para vyutpatti unhone eka bhI nahIM dii| unakI hI paripATI kA anusaraNa zrI rAmAnujasvAmI ne kiyaa| dezInAmamAlA kI bhUmikA me tathA isakI glAsarI (zabdasUcI) me unhone kitane hI 'dezI' zabdo kI vyutpatti sujhAyI hai, para vyutpatti dete samaya ve zabda ke artha para dhyAna nahIM de sake, adhikatara unakA dhyAna dhvanyAtmaka sAmya para hI gayA hai| unakI bahuta sArI vyutpattiyA niruktakAra 'yAska' kI vyutpattiyo kI yAda tAjA kara dene vAlI haiM / yaha ThIka hai ki dezInAmamAlA kI 1 de nA mA 113 kArikA aura usakI vRtti / 2. prAialacchInAmamAlA kI bhUmikA-bUlara, pR. 14

Page #292

Page #293
[ 281 zabda batAte hai ?..... ........."puna kucha aura zabda saMskRta mUla taka pahucate hai, yapi ve prApata vayApharago dvArA sthApita kiye gaye dhvani niyamo se vyutpanna nahI pice jA sakate / .... ... ... ." isa taraha udAharaNa svarUpa-kallA, cUpro, dulla, herivo zabda pramaza namtRta ke zabdo kalga,nUnuka, dukla pora herava se nikaTatayA sambandhita hai| isake viparIta zuddha pAda jaise gaDIva, gadizI, prAdi thoDe arthaparivartana ke sAtha dhanu pora ghenuH pA hI sapheta dete haiM aura pradasaNo, dhUladhogo, dhUmaddAraM, mehacchIra parihAra, tyimA, maharomarAI aura inhI se milate julate zabda saMskRta ke zabdo se vyulana piye jA sakate haiM yadyapi (satAta phe) ye zabda inake paryAyavAcI nahI hai tava mI ye amarAH cora, sUkara, gavAkSa udaphA, RtumatI, bhU prAdi kA hI saketa dete haiM / dezInAmamAlA ke pradhiyAmA zabda igI prakRti ke haiM, parantu kucha nizcita sakhyA aise bhI zabdo ko hai, jo pAyeMtara se haiM prora jo ina zabdo kA saskRta ke atirikta anya mApApoM meM nizcita sambandha pradarzita karate haiM / iname se aneko zabda drAviDa bhASA se apanA nipaTa kA sambandha pradarzita karate haiN| kucha vizeSa ullekhanIya zabda yahAM uddhRta kiye jA rahe haiN| karo (da. jara)-kanyA, cipakA (ka. cikkA)-choTA, chANI (ta. cANi yA dvANi)-govara, chinna (te. nilli) - sUrAkha, dAro (te. dAramu) -sUtra yA phaTinUtra, pasaTi (te pasiNDi) - svarNa, paDujuvaI (te pADucu) - adheDa strI, poTTa (te poTTa)-udara, pullI (dra puli)-yAtra, mAno (te. bAva)-bahina kA pati, (ta - ma)-soga rahita yA gajA (hemacandra pAlasI) mammI (ta mAmI) - mAtulAnI, vaMga (te vara ga) eka phala, vaDo (te proDDa) - baDA, sUlA (ka sUle) - vezyA / ye praura isI taraha ke anya zabdo kI aora zabdakoza me saketa kara diyA gayA hai / zrI ke. amRtarAva ne (iNDiyana eTIkvirI - 33 para) yaha batAyA hai ki dezInAmamAlA me kaI zabda aravI aura pasiyana ke haiN| sara jArja griyarsana ne (jarnala prAva rAyala eziyATika sosAyaTI- 235 para) eka anya aravI ke zabda (khilAla) kA magraha isa koza meM dikhAyA haiM / isa prakAra hemacandra kA dezI, kevala saskRta ke hI zabdo ko nahIM apitu saskRtetara bhAratIya eva videzI dono hI prakAra kI bhApAyo ke zabdo kA samAhAra karatA hai / yahA saskRtAbha zabdo se tAtparya hai jo zabda saMskRta se to vyutpanna kiye jA sakate hai, para jo prAkRta vyAkaraNa me batAye gaye niyamo ke anukUla na ho, inako dezI zabdo kI paridhi se nikAla dene kA paryApta karaNa bhI hai kyoki prAkRta vyAkaraNakAro dvArA banAye gaye niyama svaya lacara haiM / yadi hemacandra prAkRta 'laTThI' aura heTTha' zabda ko kramaza* saskRta yaSTi aura adhaH se vyutpanna kara makate haiM to hama nahIM samajha pAte ki ve sabhI saskRtAbha dezI zabdo ko jinakA

Page #294
282 } pata kiyA gayA hai-makata se kyo nahI vyutpanna kara sakate / "1 ___ema nanha zrI nAmAnujanvAmI kI sammati me, dezInAmamAlA ke antargata saskRta meM mana yA prayutpanna degI zabdo kI sacyA bahuta kama raha jAtI hai| jo zabda vace bhI hai unakA prAdhAra vibhinna samayo me bhArata meM praveza karane vAlI AryaghArApo dvArA gaira meM namAviSTa parantu mAhitya meM agRhIta zabda haiM yA hemacandra ke samaya meM pracalita unakAmI gharI zabda hai / isake sAtha AbhIra-gurjara Adi anArya nAtiyo ko bhI joTa nAte haiM jo apana za ke pracalana se ThIka pUrva yA prAsapAsa bhArata me AyI aura unhoMne na devala jana-jIvana ko hI prabhAvita kiyA balki rAjasattA hAtha me lekara zAmana bhI kiyA aura grAyoM me hI pUrI taraha ghulamila gayI / pazupAlana aura gosavadaM na me sambaddha aneka zanda inake mAkSI hai| degenAmamAtA kI zabdAvalI kI, isa prakAra kI gayI pAlocanA koI vizeSa mahatva nahI rapatI / rAmAnujamvAmI kI yaha pAlocanA pUrNatayA zabdo ke dhvanyAtmaka nAma para prAdhArita hai de nA mA. ke gando me, samkRta ke kucha zabdo kI dhvanigata gamAnanA dekhakara unhe maskRta me vyutpanna kara lenA upayukta nahI / de nA mA kI bdAvalI tA adhyayana pUrNatayA artha-vijJAna kA viSaya hai| prakRti pratyaya-nirdhAraNa mAtA piyA gayA isa gandAvatI kA adhyayana samasyAgro para samasyAeM khaDA karatA jAgA / phira to 'dezI' zabdo ko tadabhava yA tatmama siddha karane ke lie eka alaga Tii nigA kannA hogA / kimI zanda meM maskRta kI ghAtuno kA saketa pAkara, pani manyana ke gabda me dekara zabda ko saskRtAbha vanA denA svastha dRSTipara bhI lA sapanA / yaha pahale hI batAyA jA cukA hai ki zabda aura artha mAragambara hai, "pani yA pada ke aMgo kA nhiiN| aisI sthiti me de. nA mA. tomarI pradhyayana payaM kI dRSTi se kiyA jAnA cAhie dhvanigatasAmya ke ra nhiiN| da nA mA kI zabdAvalI kA artha ko dRSTi se adhyayana karanA T:- miva hogA / na tavya para vana dete hue DA vIrendra zrIvAstava kA 37Ira

Page #295
[ 283 nara me cAlU rahakara apabhA meM aura unake sAhitya me samAviSTa ho gaye to unhe 'dezI' hI samajhAnA cAhie / svaya hemacandra ne aneka zabdo me saskRta vyutpatti kI sabhAvanA mamamate hue bhI dezI hone kA prAdhAra arva-parivartana hI samajhA hai / udAharaNArtha 'pradhA' pada pavAcI diyA gayA hai (1-18) / hemacandra likhate haiN| -anyazcAsAbanne tivigrahe gara bhavo pragha dhu zabda. kevala so'ndhkuupaavaacii| prayatu kUpamAtra. vAcItIla nibaddha / tyogAdikamadhu zabdamicchanti tairapi saskRte prayogAdarzanAdaya nagrAdha eva / " kahane kA tAtparya hai ki yadi andha andhu meM karmadhAraya samAsa aura parampa nA anumbAra kA ghanivikAra mAna kara adha dhu zabda ko pUrNataH tadbhava madapIkAra para bhI liyA jAya to bhI usakA adhA kuprA (jalarahina kUpa) yaha vizeSa prarya hI hogaa| apara ma me isakA artha sAmAnya rUpa hai, prata ise dezI mAnanA cAhie / paryavistAra kA yaha udAharaNa hai| yadi vaiyAkaraNa uNAdigaNa me agha ghu padako middhi kara lete haiM to bhI ina zabda kA saskRta bhASA me pracalana meM nahI, prata deNI ganda me gahaNa karanA caahie| isI taraha apabhra za me airAhA-vidyu ta, hai| jaya hemanandra likhate hai- "pArAhA iti tvacirAbhAzabdabhava" arthAt prahAga pracirAnA varNavyatyaya dvAga niSpanna tadbhava hotA hai / yaha zabda dezI isalie hai ki mamkRta-koga meM nahIM ghora na vidya ta partha me saskRtabhASA me prayukta hai / eka aura udAharaNa prayoccI hai / isa zabda kA artha 'puSpalAvI' (phUla cunane vAlI) hai / 'prAmANi uccinoti' ima vyutpatti se yaha maskRtAbha zabda yA tadbhava zabda baDI prAgAnI se bana sakatA hai, phira bhI saskRta zabda nahI, kyoki 'phUla cunane vAlI' artha sampata meM nahIM hai / hemacandra to unane matarka haiM ki ve kahate haiM, 'yadAmra puSpANyevoccinoti tadA na dezI' praryAn aboccI kA 'grAmrapuSpa hI cunanevAlI' yaha artha kara liyA jAya to ime deNI nahIM kahanA cAhie / hemacandra saskRtAbha se vyAkula nahIM hote / mamkRta bhASA me mAmAnya phUla cunane vAlI, yaha artha-vistAra nahIM thA, ata. isa zabda ko dezI samajhA gayA / aneka bAra saskRta koza me kisI zabda ko dekhakara bhrAnti ho jAtI hai ki vaha saskRta zabda hai / yadyapi vaha anya bhASA yA prAkRta se pAyA huyA hotA hai / bhramara ke paryAyavAcI zabdo me rolava diyA huA hai (de nA 7-2) | hemacandra TippaNI karate haiM " .. rolaba zabda kecit saskRte'pi gatAnugatikayA prayuJjate" arthAt gatA. nugatika padvati para rolava zabda maskRta meM calA gayA hai anyathA dezI zabda hai / "... * ......"aNNANa' dezI zabda kA artha daheja hai, para murkhatAvAcI 'aNNANa' zabda ajJAna kA tadbhava hai (de nA. mA. 117 para vRtti), eka sI varNAnukramaNI hone se dono eka

Page #296
284 1 pratIta hote haiN| vana dhvanilAmya ke AdhAra para zabdoM kI vyutpatti kabhI-kabhI vaDI bhrAmaka ho gatI hai / de. nA mA kI glAsarI (zabdakoza) me zrI rAmAnujan ne dhvanimAnya ke prAcAra para kucha ainI vyutpattiyA dI haiM jo atyanta zrAmaka hone ke sAtha hI hAngampada bhI ho gayI haiN| ve ujaDaM zabda ko saMskRta ujjvala zabda se vyutpanna karate haiN| hindI kA 'ujaDA' pada 'ujaDa' kA hI vikasita rUpa hai| isakA sa. ujjvala zabda meM koI nabanna nahIM dikhAyI par3atA / imI prakAra 'agoM' zabda ko, jisakA artha dAnava hai, ve sa, pramura zanda me vyutpanna karate haiM, acchA thA ve ise 'akAya.' zabda meM pAna karate haiM, dAnava bhI kabhI-kabhI azarIrI hote hai| imI taraha agahaNosAgatira ko ve sa 'agavana' zabda se vyutpanna karate haiN| kApAlika ko kauna grahaNa jagnA caahgaa| isI prakAra anekoM kAlpanika evaM dhvanisAmya para AdhArita vyuvatiyoM ko nAmarI meM bharamAra hai / isa taraha kI vyutpattiyA niruktakAra yAska ke samaya meM ThIka lagatI , unakA eka middhAnta bhI thA, ve sabhI zabdo ko prAkhyAnaDa mAnagara vo the / parantu grAja, jaba ki bhApA-zAstra bahuta Age baDha cukA hai, patA nahI ginanI prAcIna mAnyatAeM bhrAmaka siddha ho cukI hai, isa prakAra kI vyutpatti mugAnA kahA taka upayukta hogA / isa mpala para de. nA. mA kI glAmarI meM dI gayI durabattiyoM kA ulleva kara denA anupayukta na hogA prasana - pravada grAnAnta / manThiAnlo = dvepya. (Na) akSihara / prajumanavAyA = amliyAvRkSAayugalapaNaM / praTTa = pRga priTTa / praganimokSagarahita |n-rikt / avadhi = hiyakA anubaMdha / pramaya - punantApranya maya / mAyuddha - sApramyata / pradagi = manogyAdhiyaphalaprAptiH prabudadhI pyArI = vAnara prayakSa /

Page #297
[ 285 alipA = sakhI pAlI ('pAlI' zabda saMskRta me svayaM hI prAkRta se pAyA prA lagatA hai) pravapraNiyo = prasaghaTita prava-gaNita / pravaDo - kapa yA bagIcA pravaTa, pravata / pravattaya = visasyulita (DhIlA-DhAlA) pravRtta / pravarattamo - pazcAttApa.pravarakta / pravariSako = kSaNarahita pravarikta / pravarijjo = advitIyAsapravara / pravaruDina = parirambha avaruddha / pravahaTTo = garvitaH avaSTa / pravahA : musala/avaghata / pravArI = prApaNa apAra / pravihAvidha = donm|avibhaavit / pramAgato - azvaH prasagitaH / graha - dukhaaprgh| aharo - asamartha bhara / ahisi = grahazakArudita abhi-sad / ahihara = devakula/pahigRha / prahihANa = varNanA abhidhAna / prAura - samAha..mAtura / grAunaM = araNya myAkula / pAU =jalAprApa / hindI pyAU isI se| addovin-praaropitmyaattopit| zrAdina = icchita zrADhya / prANu prAkRtiprAnana / pAmelo - jUDA prApIDa / dhAraNAla = kamala pArAt-nAla / pArehana = mukulita pArecitam / 'pAlavaM = kukuramuttA,(mAlamba) / zrAvaTTiyA-navavadhU/grAvRta / zrAvaDina = sagaThita prApatita / pAsavaraNa = gRha prAvAsa (varNa viparyaya) / prAhuDa = sItkArApA-hRta /

Page #298
286 damahakAmumo = kukSA/indramahakAmuka / idamaho = kugarI kA putra/indramaha / ujAgrI = maMgraha udghAta / ugcha == mAmA uddhRSTa / unodI = vistRta uccaT / unTina = vikSiptAutkSipta-acchA thA vikSipta' se hI ise nippanna kiyA jaataa| ujjallA = banAtyAnA ujjvala / utta go - hapna [udvadana / utyanpatyallA pArzvadvayenaparivartanautsthala prasthalA / udayo = nirAzAvRthA-artha / utpInI = sagrahaH ud-poT yA piNDa / unmAyo = zAntaH ut bhAva / ummuho = hapna unmukha / unuhanI = kAma:ulaka-hanta / ulluTina - pimA hRyA cUrNa. uta luT / ullehaTI = lampaTa una-liha, / usamaggo = mandaH up-m| unyana = ragahIna utvata / nuvAnI - cinna (una-bai / syAhata = pomukya / ut vyAkula / aga yo = jmaaii| pandhamya / javina - udvAntA (un-apayati / aviraNa = vimunAuta-guNa / vidha - gadagala gedana [ uta-mumbha / gAga = candana -pragam / rat Tyasa.esanaTa / puSmi = bilavinduyapa ekA-raphun / progage - pota udgAra / yo - pratimA prAya / arm - panugamA pravadamya / pora --- nAma para maga ripaattiipaapti|

Page #299
1287 proluggo = sevaka avarugNa / hotA ki 'avalagna' zabda se ise vyutpanna kiyA jaataa| zrosakkI = apasRta zapa-santa / posaNNa = truTita7vasanta / / prosige = pravala apa-dhi-ka / promosa = apavRtta (pIche ghUmanA) L ut-zIrda / phavAnako = pIna karkaza / kaDappo = nikara |klaap yA karpaTa / phapparina = dAritAkharpara / phalavU = sunvIpAmagralAbU / phaliga = niilotpl/klii| phalero = kakAlakarAla / phavilo = pUyA.kapila / kavina = pArAva.phapiza / phAlaTTha = dhatu kAla-varta / phAliyA - zarIrakAla / kiriiriyA = karNopakariNakA / kirikiri / phuDDagiloI = chipakalI/kuda-gila / phunu bhilo - pizuna Lkusumbha / phUla = sainyasya pazcAdbhAga kUla keyAlU = ni saha LkhedAlU / gattADI = veshyaagaatrii| gayagaraI = megha / gaganarati / gahakallolo = rAhu grahakallola 1 gummaiyo = sacalita gulma / gharayado - drpnn|gRhcndr / cUyo = stanAgrasacacuka -- yaha zabda prAkRta se hI saMskRta me gayA huyA lagatA hai| chedho = sthAsaka |ched| jhaparaNI = pakSmakSap / jhADa = latAgahana / mATa-yaha zabda bhI prAkRta kI sampatti lagatA hai| DAlI = zAkhA/dala /

Page #300
288 ] taNamollI = mallikA tRNazUlya / tavA - go taanaa| tAmara = ramya tAmarasa / tomarino = zastrapramArjaka tomara-jAtivAcI "tomara" pada nizcita rUpa se prAkRto kI sampatti hai isakA saskRta zabdAvalI se koI sambandha nahI hai| tosa - ghanatoSa / piNNo = nirdayAstIrNa / pUrI = tantuvAyopakaraNa turI-yaha-zanda bhI saMskRta me prAkRto se pAyA hogaa| therAmaNa - kamala sthavirAsanam / ghevo = vindu nepa yA stoka / ghoro = kramapRthavartula |sthuul / dalina = nikariNatAkSa,dAru, dalika dugga = nitamba du kha-acchA thA yadi ise durgama se vyutpanna kiyA jaataa| duccaTimo = durlalita-dura-caNDika / dUmalo = prabhAgA/dubhaMga / dogahArI = panihArina, maalin|dohn-h / ghaNi - gADha stana / dhupragAno == zramara 85 varAga / ghaNo = gaja syUga yA sthUla yA ghAtu ghU / ghanIyaTTo = azva ghugeyavarta / paTiguttI = pratikUla pratisrota / parimRge = pratikUla pratikSara / padarA = zaraNAghAta pramnara / pacanApro = hara (gakara bhagavAn) padanAya / paranuhano - vakSa paramupatva / parimalo - niSiddha , bhora / paramakta-acchA thA ki isakI vyutpati parimIta. yA paribhrAnta. se dI jaatii| sonI meM yuddha no prarNamAmya hotA / pariho = mRgAupanAdaya / para = dugumA prasUnam /

Page #301
[ 289 pAyappahaNo=kukkuTa pAdaprahaNa / pAsAriNo = sAkSI pArzvanIta / picchI = cUDA 'coTa) Lpuccha-svaya puccha zabda kI hI saskRta me nadigya sthiti hai| puDaNI = nalinI[puTakinI / pugrAiNI = pizAcagRhItA/pizAcinI yA pUyAdin / pUgrAI = taruNa unmatta , pizAca pizAca / painAla = pramANa (mApa) LprAya / bupakaraNo = kAka bukkana / budIrI = mhipH| vRddha / vopapADe - chAga |vrkr / bhArocya = tAlaphala bhAra-ucchya / galla kSAbhallaka - yaha zabda nizcita rUpa se saskRta kI sampatti nahIM hai| gunakaraNo = NvA, madyAdimAnabakkana / maTTo = alasa mRj ta-hindI kI boliyo me Aja bhI maTThara, ghAlasI artha meM pracalita hai / zabda ke prayoga kA vAtAbaraNa hI batAtA hai ki yaha loka-bhASA kA zabda rahA hogaa| mammarakA = utkaNThA/marma / mayalavuttI = rajasvalA (malinapurI) / marAlo = alasa LmarAla / muhAlakso - taruNa..mahAlakSya / melI = sava yA sabhA mela yA melA / riTTho = kAka ariSTa / romarAi = jaghana (nitamba) romarAji / roTTa = tandulapiSTa / rucya / layApurivo = ytrpdmaakaarvdhuulikhyte| latApurupa / vairoDA = jAra pati-roTa vaivelA = sImA/velA / vo = gRdhrpkssii/vRk| vahudhAriNI = navavadhU / vadhU / vainalla = muduvaikalya /

Page #302
___290 ] samAharaNa-anugamana mama-sAdhana / sagonlI - namUha-saghAtaH / huliya gotra laghu / zrI rAmAnuna svAmI dvArA dI gaI ye vyutpattiyA pUrNatayA dhvanisAmya para pravAnti haiM degI zabdo meM maskRta zabdo ko eka-do dhvaniyo kI bhI chAyA unhe minI jive unheM saMskRta ke zabdo me vyutpanna kara lete haiN| vyutpatti kA tAtparya vana dhvaninAmya khojanA nahIM hotaa| zabda meM dhvaniyo kA utanA mahattva nahI hotA. ninA usake artha kA / ina yutpattiyo meM zabdo ke artha para dhyAna diye binA hI dhvanyAtmaka mAmya kA nidargana kara diyA gayA hai / dezInAmamAlA me sayAmA prayoga kI dRSTi me tatmama aura tadbhava zabda bahutAyata se sakalita haiM / pantu nagarI pani dete samaya unake aryoM para dhyAna diyA jAnA Avazyaka ho jAnA hai| zrI gamAnuja svAmI isa tathya ko dhyAna me nahI rakha sake haiM / kahIrahI to unakA mAna-bhASA-prema pratihAmyAmpada sthiti paidA kara detA hai / samkRta cInI to maga mUla mAnakara jaba taka zabdo kI gutpattiyA dI jAtI raheMgI, nArI prabhAra kI bhrAntirA uThatI rahegI / acchA to yaha ho ki anAdipravRtta prApalI loka bhApAtro) kI zabdAvalI (dezI pado) ko dhyAna me rakha kara, sampata mAyA kI ca kI jaaye| isa dRSTi meM kiyA gayA prayatna mahattvapUrNa parinAma sAmane lAyegA / manyata mApA ne ritane hI lokarUDha zabdo ko prAtmasAta kiyA hai|

Page #303
[ 291 jahA taka dezI zabdo aura saskRta ke zabdo me dhvanigata samAnatA kA prazna hai yaha atyanta svAbhAvika hai| dono hI prakAra ke zabdo kA sambandha bhAratIya prArya-bhASAmro se hai| yaha pahale hI pratipAdita kiyA jA cukA hai ki dezIzabda yuga yago meM sAmAnya janatA ke bIca vyavahRta hote a ye zabda haiM, isake vitarIta sakRta no tatsama zabda pAhityika bhApA kI sampatti hai / sAhityika bhASA aura janabhASA me jahA yuddha maulika bheda hote haiM, vahIM kucha samAnatAe bhI hotI hai| dono samAnAntara yAga karatI rahatI hai, parantu dono kI abhivyakti prAya samAna nahIM hotii| pabhI kabhI anajAne hI jana bhASA ke zabda sAhityika bhASA me pA jAte hai aura mAhityika bhASA unhe prAtmasAta kara letI hai| yahI prakriyA jana bhASAmo me bhI jananI hai / bhArata vibhinna jAtiyo aura saskRtiyo kA deza hai| prAyoM ke yahA pAne ke pahane aura bAda meM nI aneko jAtiyA pAyI unakI apanI bhASA rahI hogI / apane pUrva prAyI huI jAtiyo se zabda grahaNa karanA, prArya-janabhApA ke lie svAbhAvika bAta thI / isI prakriyA se isame drAviu' aura Agneya kula (kola, sathAla, muNDA pAdi) kI bhASAno ke zabda Aye hoge / pAryoM ke bAda bhArata me pAkara basane vAlI jAniyo se nI janabhApA ne zavda gahaNa kiyA hogaa| arabI-phArasI ke zavda isI prapriyA se lAye hoge / prAcArya hemacandra ne isa koza kA sakalana 12 vI zatAbdI me kiyA thaa| usa samaya taka prArya janabhA pAe vibhinna Aryetara eva videzI zabdAvalI kA prabhAva rahaNa kara cukI rahI hogI / ye prAryetara bhApAyo ke tathA videzI zabda, dono hI, dezI zabdo kI apanI prakRti pratyagata vizepatAno se sayukta hokara vyavahRta hue hai| 12 vI zadI taka loka-bhApA me jitane bhI zabda pracalita the, hemacandra ne sabhI (prApya) kA sakalana ina koza me kara diyA hogaa| isakA vistRta vivaraNa Age diyA jAyegA / uparokta tathyo ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI ko nimnalikhita vibhAgo me vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai (1) anAdipravRtta prAkRta bhApA (lokabhApA) ke ve zabda jinakI vyutpatti nahIM dI jA sakatI / dezInAmamAlA ke adhikAza zabda isI varga ke antargata pAte haiM / aise zabdo kA srota bhArata me bhinna-bhinna samayo me pAne vAlI jAtiyo kI bhASA mAnI jA sakatI hai / 1. (a) de nA mA phI glAsage me drAviDa bhApAmao se gRhIta kaI zabdo kI ora saketa kiyA gayA hai| (va) iDiyana e TIkvirI-jilda 46 me ke. amRtarAva ke eka lekha 'di dravIDiyana elImeTa ina prAta' meM bhI kaI zabdo ko aura saketa kiyA gayA hai|

Page #304
292 (2) mannAbhidhAna meM prasiddha prA. bhA pA yA usase bhI pUrva kI bhArIpIya bhASA me mabaddha gabda-jaise manjubai avira yavati-navavadhu , airANI avirAjJI - indrANI, akkado L' bAda - rijAtA, agujjhaharo aguhyavara = rahasyabhedI, aNusUyA pratAprAmanapranavA, ucchupraNA inaraNya == ijhuvATikA Adi / (3) drAviDa parivAra kI tamila, telugu-kannaDa bhApAso ke zavda zrI gamAnujamvAmI ne de nA. mA. kI glAsarI me kaI zabdo ko drAviDa pariyA pI bhASAmo me mavaddha batAyA hai| 'dezI' zabdo me isa parivAra kI dApatI mA pAyA jAnA bhArata kI drAviDI (vibhApA) kI samasyA ko bhI hala ra detA hai / prAcIna kAla me drAviDa bhApA mApI grAja kI bhAti kevala dakSiNa taka momina nahIM ye / pAryoM ke bhArata prAne para unakA prathama maparka drAviDa bhASAmApiyo nahI dRprA hogaa| una samparka ke bIca zabdAvalI kA AdAna-pradAna atyata yAmAvira bAta thii| madhyadeza me kabhI drAviDa bhApA-mApiyo kA nivAma thA pramANa aAja bhI milatA hai| balocistAna kI 'bAhuI' tamila kI hI eka nA hai / hariyANA meM to bolI jAne vAlI bhApAyo meM tamila kA tRtIya sthAna -TE AnA hai| ataH prAcInakAla se hI draviDo aura pAryo kA maparka rahane ke da yadi vAryajanabhApAyo meM grA gaye to yaha anyanta svAbhAvika hai / denA mA meM pAye hara cha drAvida manda ina prakAra hai ya paNa mAlibheda: da anumu / appo-pitaa--prpyaa| galI zArdUla dr-guli| nIra-vadhI-ta. hll| -no daridradra il| saTilI nApAdhAnya-na unDhandu-ka. uch| uparI adhika... unyu| umage gamatIna ummArapaTi / grAna na kr| nI-totodaya naya-ne cu / gi|

Page #305
293 phaTTArI-kSurikA-dra ka (T) tthaarii| kaNNavAla karNasyAbharaNa kuNDalAdi-karNa dra. vAla / phadI-mUlazAkam te kanda / karaDo-vyAghra -dra, karaDi kallA-madyam-dra. kallu / kiro-zUkaraH-dra. kiru / kIro-zukaH-dra kili / kunDo-nirdayaH, nipuNa-dra kurula / kullo-grIvA, asamarthaH te. kullu / kolitta' -ulmuka-dra koDhi Dha / khaDakkI-laghudvAra-te kiTiki / khaDDa zmazra-dra gaDDa yA kaTTa / khaNNa-khAtam-te knnm| khuDDa-laghu ta kuTTa / gaDDI-gantrIka gADi / guttI-vadhana, icchA, vacana-te. gutti / guphamumina-sugandhi-te gumaguma / goDI-majarI-ka. goNDe / vAro-prAkAra -te goDa / cikkA-alpavastu-dra ciru, cikkA / ciccI-hutAzana dra. zikku cikku / chANa-dhAnyAdimalanandra cAni, zAni / chippa-bhikSA-dra cipA (chippA) / chilla-chidram-te cilli / jagaDigro-vidrAnita , kathita te jagaDamu joNNalipA-dhAnya-te jonna / jhaDI nirataravRSTi-dra jaDi / jhaMDo-kanduka -dra. caNDu, jaNDu jhaNDu bhI uccAraNa ho sakatA hai Dozro-dAruhasta--te Doki / taTTI vRtti -dra taTTi / taDamaDo-kSubhita-te taDa-baDu / khaTa-pRSTham-te tuNTi /

Page #306
1941 kagAya-grAma te.-taNi talAge-nagara rakSakaH-dra taleyAri / tuppo-kautuka, snigya -dra. tuppA / dAro kaTintram- daarnu| paTi-kanakam-te pmidi| pAvo-marpa-dra pAmu yA pAva / piha-laghupakSilpa-te pilla / pullI-tryAtra dr-puti| paMDa-baNDama-dra pennddr| poTTa udaram da potttt| phiDo-vAmana-te pottri| baliyo pIna biliminaa| vRnabulA-vRddhavRda te vulabunA / dotI. mdra bondi| naDI-nirIkSavalana vaNDi yA vnnddi| bhAno-jyeSThamAginIpati -5 vAva yA bhaav| nagumo-nakuna mugim| pajiga-prabaloktima te majjiga / naTTo ga gahIna motttt| maTho pralamamahi / mo ya -- mett| mayo-ti-niga-ne msstti-gaa| mAmA-giyaradeza namate / mA-gemaga (bAladAra) ta mAyira yA mazira / mAgina - gRhama- mAhi-ta. mAdama / gAnA-mAnudAnI- maramA / manI-mAjAnI-2 (pram) mAmi / dI-vinam te gud| maMga-maryAdA-da bhraa| go - m-dra moga-te mogara -pradhAna dii|

Page #307
295 vaTTiva-parakAryam-te veTTi / vaDDo-mahAn te proDDu / vahuNNI-jyeSThabhAryA-dra vadina, madini / villa-accha-dra, vella / sarA-mAlA-te saramu / sippa-bhUsI ka -sippe / sUlA-dezyA-ka sUle / hiDDo-vAmana -te. poTTi / dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI me drAviDa bhASA ke ina sabhI zabdo kA milanA koI prAzcaryajanaka bAta nahI hai / jahA taka ina zabdo ke dakSiNI bhApAtro se sabaddha hone kA prazna hai, yaha nizcayapUrvaka nahI kahA jA sakanA ki ye zabda dakSiNI bhApAtro kI apanI hI sampatti hai| prAkRta vyAkaraNakAro kI bhAti drAviDa bhApAyo ke vyAkaraNakAra bhI isa koTi ke zabdo ko 'dezI' hI mAnate hai / unakA mantavya hai ki ye zabda yuga yugo se bhASA me vyavahRta hote cale A rahe haiM, aura unakA mUla udgama atyanta rahasyAtmaka hai / isa sadarbha me drAviDa vyAkaraNakAro kI mAnyatApro kA ullekha aAvazyaka hai / prAkRta vyAkaraNakAro kI bhAti drAviDa vyAkaraNakAro ne bhI bhASA me prayukta hone vAle zabdo ko tIna vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai-(1) tatsama (2) tadbhava (3) dezya / saskRta se jyo ke tyo le liye gaye zabdo ko ve tatsama kahate haiM-jaise-te -vidyA-pitA, ka -vana, dhana, vastra-ta kamala, kAraNa ityAdi / saskRta ke ve zabda jo drAviDa bhASAmro me jAkara dhvaniparivartanAdi se sayukta ho yA drAviDa bhASAmro kI prakRti-pratyaya AyojanAmo ke anurUpa hokara prayukta hote hai-tadbhava kahe gaye hai-jaise - te pAkAsamu (sa. AkAza), megamu (sa mRga), vakara (sa vakra) / ka - payANa (sa. prayANa), bIdi (sa vIthI) vINe (sa vINA) / ta zuttama (sa zudgham), zaTTi (sa SaSTi), picce yA viccai (sa bhikssaa)| aise zabda jo ina dono vargo ke zabdo se sarvathA bhinna hai aura bhASA me yuga-yugo se prayukta hote prA rahe haiM, dezya kahalAte haiM-jaise te Uru-kasbA , illu-ghara, ka -mane-ghara, hola-maidAna, nela-pharza, ta arakasvAra, mane-ghara, tare-pharza Adi / drAviDa vyAkaraNakAro ne saskRta se prasavaddha lagabhaga sabhI zabdo ko 'dezya' mAna liyA hai| aise zabdo ke mUla udgama ke vipaya meM

Page #308
296 ] nabhI cuta hai / prAkRta vyAkaraNAkAne ke samAna hI unakA bhI mata hai ki ina zabdo kA / / mRta udgama eka gUTa rahasya hai / ye anAdikAla meM deza kI bhApAmo meM vyavahRta hone pAye haiN| isI parampaga meM kaviyoM ne inhe apanI racanAyo me bhI vyavahRta ssiA hai| da nA mA kI avikAza gandAvalI bhI anAdipravRtta prAkRta bhASA (lokanApA) ge zabdAvalI hai| isame milane vAle prAviDa bhASAoM ke dezyapada hemacandraga 'denI' zabda vicAra se sambandhita mAnyatApro kI hI puSTi dete haiM / para drAviDa bhASA ke jo zabda saMketita kiye gaye haiM, ve drAviDa vyAkaraNakAroM ke anusAra 'degya' haiM aura anAdikAla meM pracalita dezabhASA se saMbaddha haiN| kyA unane yaha dhvanita nahIM honA ki drAviDa bhApAyo ke aise zabda nizcita rUpa se kisI anya dezanApA meM lie gae zabda hoge / jima taraha ye zabda kAviDa bhApAyo me gaye maMga, usI prakAra prAya mApAnI meM bhI pA sakate haiN| isa vaga ke zabda janatA kI Abaki bAra-cAla kI bhASA meM pracalita rahate haiM, ye kisI eka bhASA kI mani batAra nahIM rhte| inakA pramAra nitya bhinna-bhinna bhApAyo me hotA rahatA hai| nika rUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki de. nA mA meM prApta hone vArI drAviDa bhApAyI kI zabdAvanI bhI 'dezya' hI hai| isame dakSiNI bhApAgro ko samatti na kahakara yuga yugo meM pratranita deza-bhApA yA jana-mApA kI sampatti panA pari pAnA hogaa| prAcArya hemacandra kI bhI yahI mAnyatA hai, unhone eka na kSetra kI denya' zabdAvalI kA sakalana usa koza anya meM kiyA hai| yadi ve mA nApagaM prAlI pora nabhI bhApAyI kI deNyazabdAvalI kA maklana karate dola ne parane / yahI bAta unhoMne de. nA mA 114 me kahI hai| (4) digI ganda pramana gava' praura jArja niyamana prati vidvAno ne de nA mA kI rAnI garina yuTa prarabI-phAramI ke zabdo kI aura mota kiyA hai| mana do mAhonA kI. vAkAne vAlI bAta nahIM hai / prAcArya hemacandra hI mAramAna vyApArI bhAgna prAne lage the| 711 I. ne muhammada of f: 7 mAmA ho gayA aura unake uttarAvikArI tava taka zAsana sora-fr ganI ne unheM sannATa nahI diyaa| prAga mahamUda gajanavI 1 -- - -zi>> 45, samAga mAga 'di yoriyana elImeMTa 1 frri (r r; :-priyAna-mana yAya rAmama eziyATika Imrns4343.235

Page #309
[ 297 ke eka vajIra ne vyApArika kAryoM ko sucAru rUpa se calAne ke lie phArasI lipi pracalita kI aura usake sahAre vyApArika phArasI zabda bhI cala paDe / hemacandra ke samaya taka aneko arabI-phArasI ke zabda sAmAnya janabhApAtro me ghulamila cuke the / sambhavataH ina videzI zabdo kA itanA prAkRtIkaraNa ho gaNa aura tatkAlIna janabhApApo me itane sAmAnya ho gaye the ki prAcArya hemacandra inhe pahicAna na sake hoge / prata. koza me kucha phArasI-arabI zabdo kA prA jAnA adhika prAzcaryajanaka nahIM / ese kucha zabdo ke udAharaNa yahA diye jA rahe hai 1 agutthala (de. nA 1131) - a gulIyam - aguutthii| phArasI-agu starI, pahalavI - agusta, janda-yagumta (sta kA varNa vikAra ttha hai jaise hasta hattha) ma chaayaa-prgusstth| yahA eka tathya vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna dene yogya hai / koI eka samaya thA jaba bhAratIya aura IrAnI Arya eka hI prakAra ke bhApA-bhApI the| dono alaga hue to dono kI bhASAmro aura saskRtiyo me bhI antara pAtA gyaa| dono kI bhApAyo me aneko aise zabda hoge jo aAja bhI samAna rUpa aura artha vAle haiN| pArasiyo kA janda-pravestA to thoDe dhvani parivartano ke sAtha saskRta me rUpAntarita kiyA jA sakatA hai| aisI sthiti me agusta praura a guNTha zabda dono eka hI srota se udabhUta lagate hai| jahA taka agutthala zabda ke phArasI zabda hone kI sambhAvanA hai yaha yadi a gusta se niSpanna kiyA jA sakatA hai to aguSTha se bhI niSpanna karane me koI kaThinAI nahI dikhatI- guSTha7 aguThTha7 aguttha / yaha zabda tadbhava mAnA jAnA cAhie-videzI nahI / phArasI me isakI upasthiti dekhakara ise videzI zabda kaha denA upayukta vAta nahI hai / 2 dattharo (de nA 5134)-hastazATaka'- rUmAla, phArasI-dastAra7 datthara (jaime-prastAva ptthv)| yada zabda nizcita rUpa se phArasI kA hogA / janabhASA me yaha dhvanivikAra ke sAtha pracalita ho gayA hogA / phArasI kA jJAna na hone ke kAraNa, dhvanigata vizepanApro ko dekhate hue prAcArya hemacandra ne ise prAkRta kI zabda sampatti samajha liyA hogaa| 3. vadho (de nA 6-88)-mRtya -naukara, phArasI-bandaha, pahalavI-bandaka, prAcIna phArasI-bandaka, saskRta chAyA-bandhaka / phArasI bhASA-bhASI samAja me gulAma rakhane kI paramparA ke vAhulya ko dekhate hue, isa zabda kA sambandha bhale hI phArasI se joDa diyA jAye para jo sthitiyA-agutthala zabda ke sambandha me batAyI jA cukI haiM, bahuta kucha isa zabda para bhI satya pratIta hotI haiN| saMskRta bandhaka zabda phArasI ke vandaha yA bandaka se adhika prAcIna lagatA hai| phira dAso ko, bhAga jAne ke Dara se,

Page #310
298 ] unheM karja prAdi dekara bAMdha rakhane kI paramparA bhAratIya Arya samAja meM bhI aprApya ghaTanA nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM isa zabda ko bhI tadbhava mAnA jAnA cAhie, videzI nahIM / 4 paraka (de nA 6-8)-alpa zrota -choTI nadI, phArasI paraka-eka nadI kA nAma / "vyaktivAcaka manA jAtivAcaka majArtha prayukta hotI hai / jaise satkRta gANDIva (ajuna vA dhanupa) phAramI meM gANDIva sa mAnya dhanuSavAcI zabda hai / gagA zabda nadIvAcI rahA hai|" kAramI-mApI ghAgariyo ke mAdhyama se yaha zabda jana jIvana me thoDe grayaM parivartana ke sAtha pracalita rahA hogA / AcArya hamacandra ne isa prAkta zabda samajha kara saMkalita kara liyA hogaa| 5 bobaDo (de nA 6-96)-chAga -bakarA phAramI ke mAdhyama se prApta mUna arabI za da bakara-vaila, hibU meM bakara pazu (prAkRtAnulpa dhvanivikAra-prakAra yo grokAra jame padama ko pomma, ra kA me parivartana) ma chAyA volkara / rAmAnajamvAmI, tadabhava mAna ma. ke "varkara" zabda se vyutpanna karate haiN| parantu sammata meM 'vi' pIra 'prajA' jaise zabda isa artha meM prayukta hote rahe hai / prata yaha ganda pravI kA hI ha nA cAhie / 6 jayA (de nA 3-40) hA manAha ~jIna, pAramI-jIna, pahalavIjIna, jada-ni, ma na chApA jabaram / zrI gamAnujasvAmI isa zabda ko tadbhava mAnate hai| prAna meM yaha zabda mamkana ke hI mAdhyama ne pAyA hogA / janda me jaini prama meM javana zandA nAya lAra milanA, dIno ko kisI anya sayukta mApA meM, grdn| vaha pAnI kI masamaya kI nApA kA zabda mAnA jAnA cAhie jA dono gAva mAya rahane para bolate rahe hoge / prAcArya hemacandra dvArA malita yaha - 'nayanam gamdAhI nAkAma meM vyavahRta rampa hogA /

Page #311
[ 299 kI yaha paripATI vilkula hI kAmacalAU hai| dezInAmamAlA ke hajAroM zabdo ko 'dezya' mAna lene me yApatti nahIM hai, to phira eka zabda ko khIcatAna kara videzI bhApA taka le jAne kA moha kitanA bhrAmaka hai| merI dRSTi me yaha zabda pUrNatayA 'devI' hai aura bhAratIya grArya-mApA kA hai / parantu griyarsana jaise vidvAn kI hA me hA milAne ke kAraNa sabhI vidvAno ne ise videzI zabda mAna liyA hai / de nA mA ke kucha aise hI zabda hai, jinhe vidvAno ne videzo zabda sampatti se sambandhina banAyA hai| jahA taka hemacandra ke dRSTikoNa kA prazna hai, ve ina zabdo ke videzI hone kI sthiti se bilkula anabhijJa hai / unhone loka-bhApAyo me pracalita dekhakara hI inhe samalita kara diyA hogA / saskRta me pArasiyo ke mAdhyama se kitane hI zabda bhArata A gaye hai, parantu isame yaha niSkarSa nahIM nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki ye zabda videgI ho gaye / isake viparIta svaya IrAnI pAryazAkhA kI bhApAe -bhAratIya prArya bhASAgro me bahuta adhika prabhAvita hai / vahata prAcInakAla se hI bhArata ke Arya, IrAna jAkara unhe apanI zAsanapaTutA se prabhAvita karate rahe hai| itihAsakAra smitha kA vicAra hai ki palhava dUsarI zatAbdI me bhArata ke pazcimI bhAga me vijetA banakara phArama me pA gaye the| 641 I0 me phArasI vaza ke samApta ho jAne para jarathana ke upAsaka bhArata me yA base, jo Aja bhI pArasI kahalAte hai / jarathusra ke ina upAmako me adhikAza bhAratIya prAryavazaja hI haiM / aisI sthiti me, bhAratIya prAryamApA kI itanI prAcIna paramparA me dezI zabdo kI vyutpatti na khojakara, videzI bhApAgro me jAnA upayukta nahIM hai / (5) dhvanyanukaraNAtmaka zabda prArambha se hI manuSya anukaraNazIla prANI rahA hai| vaha pazupakSiyo kI avyakta dhvaniyA sunatA hai, anya vastupro ke girane, hilane-Dulane Adi se utpanna AvAje, sunatA hai aura bhAvAveza me zrAkara svaya yA anya dvArA vihita bhAvAbhivyajaka vibhinna nAdo ko karNa gocara karatA hai / vaha ina sabhI kA anukaraNa karatA hai / isI anukaraNa kI pravRtti ke kAraNa bhApA me aneka zatuprakRtiyA, nAma aura vismayAdivodhaka zabda, vyavahRta hone lagate hai / de nA kI zabdAvalI me isa koTi ke zabda bhI paryApta mAtrA meM hai| isa koza kI zabdAvalI kA sambandha lokajIvana se hai, prata dhvanyanukaraNAtmaka zabdo kA milanA atisvAbhAvika hai / de nA me Aye hue dhvanyanukaraNAtmaka zabdo kA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai(1) lokodbhUta dhvanyanukaraNAtmaka zabda -jaise - khammakkhamo-sagrAma , khikkhirI Doma ke hAtha me rahane vAlI phaTe vAsa kI chaDI (khira khira zabda karane ke kAraNa), khuTTa-truTitam (kisI vastu ke TUTane

Page #312

Page #313
[ 301 kubhilo-cIra -saMskRta me yaha zabda 'ghaDiyAla' eka jalajantu vizeSa kA prargha detA hai / pAnI me cora kI taraha chipakara rahane ke kAraNa ho sakatA hai ki loka meM isakA artha lakSaNayA 'cora' ho gayA ho / kurarI-eka paguvizepa- isa zabda kA saskRta me bhI yahI artha hai, para yaha zabda lokabhASAmo se hI saskRta me gayA huyA pratIta hotA hai| kolAhalo-nagarutam-ciDiyo kA kalakala ninAda / yahA bhI sAmAnya kolAhalavAcI zabda ko eka viziSTa artha me mImita kara diyA gayA hai / chaayaa-kiitiH,bhrmrii| timiligo-miin:| tcch-avgssk| pAlI dik yA dishaa| paaliibNdho-tddaagH| pUraNa shuurpH| isI prakAra de nA me jitane bhI tatsama zabda hai, unakA artha saMskRta ke zabdo se bhinna haiN| arthagata vAtAvaraNa aura inake loka jIvana me bahutAyata se vyavahata hone ko hI dhyAna meM rakhakara prAcArya hemacandra ne ina zabdo kA sakalana 'dezI' zabdo ke bIca kiyA hogA / aise zabdo kA sakalana jahAM kahI bhI ve karate haiM-spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra kara lete haiM ki amuka zabda saMskRta meM bhI prayukta hotA hai, paranta arthagata vaiSamya ke kAraNa maine ise 'dezI' / vdo ke vIca sakalita kara diyA hai| zrAcArya hemacandra kI itanI spaSTavAditA para yadi sudhI vidvAno ko sadeha ho to, isake lie svaya hemacandra doSI nahIM hai, balki doSa una pUrvAgrahagrasta vidvAno kA hI hai, jinake Upara sambata hAvI hai / yaha pahale bhI kahA jA cukA hai ki zabda aura artha kA zAzvata sambandha hai, zabda pIra dhvani kA nahI / zabdo kA artha loka vyavahAra para zrAdhArita hotA hai, unake dhvani prayoga para nhii| isa koTi ke zabdo kA sakalana karate samaya hemacandra ne isI dRSTikoNa kA samakSa rakhA thA / sudhI pAlocako se kahI adhika, saskRta ke jAnakAra, hemacandra the, ata isa koTi ke zabdo ko koza me sthAna denA unakI bhrAnti nahI kahI jA sktii| (kha) dhAtuno ke arthAtizaya yoga se yukta dezI zabda yA tathAkathita tadbhava - de nA para jitane bhI vidvAno ne vicAra kiyA hai lagabhaga sabhI kA yaha mata rahA hai ki-isa koza me tadbhava zabdo kA bAhulya hai / pIche rAmAnuja svAmI dvArA tadbhava batAye gaye kucha pramukha zabdo ke udAharaNa diye jA cuke haiN| dhvanigatavikAro

Page #314
302 ] kolana para hI ina zanno ko nadbhava kaha diyA gayA hai, jabaki sthiti kucha aura hI hai| namana nando ko nAti prAcArya hemacandra ne aise zabdo kA prayoga bhI artha kI iSTimeTI denI gandI re bIca kiyA hai| yahA bhI unakA dhyAna zabdo ke loka hI hI pora gayA hai. mAhivika prayogo kI aora nahIM / isa varga ke zabdo ke pratikAjadhAna jabda haiM / ina zabdo me vAtagata atizaya yoga sarvatra lakSita vidhAna mAnA hai / nata meM hI upamoM ke yoga ne yAtugata artha badalate hue dekhA gatA hai / prahAra, vihAra, yAhAra, mahAra-sabhI kA artha alaga hai / de. nA kI namAkti nabhatra pasAbalI meM bhI yahI aryAtipaya yoga dekhA jA sakatA hai / sabhI prAta dhAraNAge ne prAkRta kI ghAnugro ko Adeza dvArA tadbhava svIkAra kara kiyA / de nA kendI meM aisI aneko dhAtupro kA prayoga huA hai| parantu pani yoga meM unakA praminna ho gayA hai / jaise prASTuina pa vazatitama nRtavAnu prAyaDDa hai-jisakA artha vyA-pR- yadi hArga bhinna ho gayA hai / prAmapA-:cchA / nAma-'mavadha' yA mabhAvanA ke artha meM prayukta ma 7--nArebAna para hamanA / -himA jAna abarA krtaa| tI prAmAviddhAna pranitam hai, grAmanigro (grAzrita ) kA artha gayA hai, mAlakina kA artha lagaDA hai na ki sajA hugrA / aise aneka 1472 meM deganabane haiM, jo svarUpa se to tadabhava lagate haiM, para triganA kI hai| prAcArya hemacandra jahA bhI aise zabdo kA makalana -:: : --meM nevi yaha tadabhava bhI ho sakatA hai, parantu artha 7221 digo Amane para ve apane patra ke dezIkAne mataca nahIM jAne ? nareM dvArA ginAye gaye aneko tadabhava zabdoM na ma tra parga ko hI mahattA dete dekhe jAte haiN| ---, MP4 pAnA disalI ve vittu na paravAha nahI karate /

Page #315
[ 303 me yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki dezInAmamAlA kI zabdAvalI ke sakalana kA AdhAra pUrNatayA lokavyavahAra meM prayukta zabdo kA artha hai / isI dRSTi se isakA adhyayana bhI kiyA jAnA caahie| dezInAmamAlA ke zabda anAdikAla se sAmAnya janajIvana kI bhASA meM vyavahana hone vAlI zabdAvalI ke aza hai / inakA sAhityika bhASAo se prAya dUra kA hI sambandha rahA hai / inakA jJAna pUrNatayA lokajJAna para AdhArita hai / hemacandra isI tathya kI ora 'lokato'vagantavya ' kahakara saketa dete hai| inakI vyutpatti dUhanA eka dummha hI nahIM asambhava sA kArya hai, phira bhI inakI vyutpatti kI jitanI kI sabhAvanAe ho sakatI haiM, sabhI kI aura saketa kara diyA gayA hai| dezInAmamAlA kI adhikANa zabdAvalI vAtAvaraNa kI dRSTi se grAmINa hai / Aja bhI grAmINa bhApAyo meM isakI zabdAvalI kA vyavahAra paryApta mAtrA meM milatA hai| ye zabda satata vartamAna rahane vAlI una janabhApAyo ke aza haiM jo samaya-samaya para sadaiva sAhityika mApAtro ko zabda-sampatti pradAna karatI rahI hai /

Page #316
sahAyaka grantha-sUcI - - / prasavaveda 2 pra rgama graha-hemacandra 3. apanAnA-vIrendra zrIvAstava 6 praga mAhima-harivana kochaDa pamivAnacintAmagi-hamacandra prAmAkA-prabhAra 7 vijAna pora vyAramAdAna- piladeva dvivedI 1 vATayAno-pANini / mAni / malAbAra-baladeva upAdhyAya / prAjAnI-joradakAnArya 11 gana Tu sameTina nAvAjI-pI DI guNe 12 : dAla-vara, mii| 13 para dhAgA-dAnIdara paTina (na munijina vijaya) 1 RETE- muni jinavijana 15 mAra 37 moTara prAdamAniyana nagja-hAla 15. TaTI prAra-pAra vI jozI 19. prAya milI maMja-dama ra pAyagArI levana- sana /

Page #317
305 [ 21 e gAmara prAra prAkRta laiMgveja-DI sI sarakAra 22. evalyUmana prAva avadhI-bA bAbU gama saksenA 23. e vaidika varDa kankAInma-vizvabandhu zAstrI 24 norijina eNDa DevalapameTa grApha vegAlI leMgveja-sunItikumAra cATuA 25 kabIra kI bhApA-TA mAtAbada na jAyasavAla 26 karamajarI-rAjarobara 27 koreTiva pAmara pAva mAuna prAryana legvejeja-bImsa, je. 28 kampereTiva yAmara prAva boDiyana lenvejeja-phAlTaveja prAra 29 kAmasUtra-vAtmyAyana 30 kAyAdA-daNDI 31. kAvyAnuzAmana-hemacandra-sa. ranikalAla sI pArikha 32 kAmAlakAra-draTa 33 konilanA pora avaha bhASA-zivaprasAda siMha 34 kumArapAla carita-hemacandra 35 kumArapAlapratibodha -somapramamUri 36 kumArapAlaprativadha-jina maNDana upAdhyAya 37 kuvalayamAlA kahA-udyotana mUri 38 majurAho pArTa-umitA agravAla 39 gauuyaho-vAvapatirAja 40 gAhAnattamaI-hAla 41 grAmara pAva IsTarna hindI-hAnale 42 grAmINa hindI-DA ghIrendra varmA 43 gujarAtI laiMgveja eNDa liTarecara-diva hyiA, ena bI. 44 chando'nuzAsana-hemacandra / 45 Doyatse-lisarAtUratsAiTu ga-jIgaphIDa golDasmitha 46 NAyakumAracariu-puSpadata-sa hIrAlAla jaina 47 aimiNAhacariu - lakhameva (lakSmaNadeva) 48 taragavaIkahA-pAdalipta 49 tANDyabrAhmaNa50 dakkhinI hindI-DA. bAbUrAma saksenA 51. dvAtriMzikA (stotra) -hemacandra 52 di kalcarala hairiTeja prAva iNDiyA-majUmadAra

Page #318
53 dinamvana leMgveja-TI. barI / degInAmamAlA-hemacanna, na pizena 55 dejInAmamAtA-hemacandrakA muralIvara banarjI 56 jInAmamAlA-hemacandra-gujarAtI sabhA, bambaI meM prakAzita / 57 dAhAloga-rAhula mAkRtyAyana 6 nATyazAstra-manta 59. niva-hemacana 10 nimtam-yAnya-TIkA pa. umAzakara zarmA 11 nInizataka-bhartRhari 62 paramAprakAga eNDa yogamAra prAva joindu-upAdhye e ena. 1,3 parimApendraze vara-nAgezabhaTTa 16 pAsapranTInAmamAlA-dhanapAla,ma vanara 65 pAti milana DikazanarI-pIlahAna 66 pAhadohA-muni gamhi H; pAlanAmA-yA dogrAga , nidhAparaNa-jagadIzakazyapa 1) pariyANa-mita dharmagajina 20 danya magraha-makanana 71 guganI hindI - gutarI

Page #319
[ 307 85. prAkRta dayAzrayakAvya-hemacandra 86 prAkRtavimarza - DA. sarayUprasAda agravAla 87 prAkRta bhASAmro kA rUpa-darzana-prAcArya narendranAtha / 88. prAkRta lakSaNa-caNDa / 89 prAkRtavyAkaraNa- madhusUdanaprasAda mizra 90 prAkRta bhASA-DA prabodha vecara dAsa paDita 91 prAkRtabhASA aura usakA sAhitya-DA, haradeva bAharI 92 prAkRtabhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa-DA ne micandra 93 prAkRtavyAkaraNa - pI ela vaidya 94 prAkRtaprakAza-kAvela 95 prAkRtabhASApro kA vyAkaraNa-pizela-hindI anuvAda-hemacandra jozI 96 prAkRtapeDa galam - bholAzakara vyAsa 97 prAkRta-vimarza -DA sarayUprasAda agravAla 98 pRthvIrAjarAso kI bhASA-DA nAmavarasiMha 99 prI Aryana eNDa prI dravIDiyana ina iNDiyA-pI sI bAgacI 100 brajabhASA vyAkaraNa --DA dhIrendra varmA 101 brajabhASA-DA dhIrendra varmA 102 vAla gamAyaNa-rAjazekhara 103 vihArI-satasaI --TIkA-jagannAthadAsa 'ratnAkara' 104 bhavisayattakahA- dhanapAla 105. bhAratIya Arya bhASA-hi0 anu0-DA0 lakSmIsAgara vASrNeya 106 bhArata kA bhASA sarvekSaNa-hi0 anu0 DA0 udayanArAyaNa tivArI 107 bhAratIya Arya bhASA aura hindI - sunItikumAra cATuA 108 bhASAvijJAna aura hindI-DA sarayUprasAda agravAla 109 bhASA-vijJAna-DA zyAmasundara dAsa 110 bhojapurI bhASA aura sAhitya - DA udayanArAyaNa tivArI 111 madhyakAlIna bhAratIya Arya-bhASAmo kA tulanAtmaka vyAkaraNa sukumAra sena, hi. anu DA. mahAvIra prasAdalakhekha 112 mahAbhArata113 mahAbhASya-pataJjali 114 mRcchakaTika- zUdraka 115 moharAjaparAjaya-yazapAla

Page #320
308 16 yogagAba-hemacandra 117 rAjada abhinandana granya 138 galAne kA itihAsa- gaurIgakara hIrAcanda aojhA 119 gamAvaNA (paTamacarita)-svayaMbhU 120 grAva hemacandra -bUlara 121 nigvisTika sarve yAba iNDiyA-piyanana nabhI jilrdai 322 nigvisTika magriyasana, jI e 123 lI nAnhA vAhana 124 bagatAra-jyotirIzvara ThAkura 125 vAdI-bhartRhari 126 kinakritAlAjikala lekcarma (1914)-bhaNDArakara 12: vItarAgastRti - hemacandra 124 yA kAraNa mRpagaNanAra - bhUpaNa } 29 gavantara nartRhari 13 nanakAnAhA-- 131 gAra prayAga - bhoja

Page #321
[ 309 ____148 hindI ke vikAsa me apabhra za kA yoga-nAmavara siMha 149 hindI vyAkaraNa-kAmatAprasAda guru 150. hindI nirukta-kizorIdAma pAjapeyI 151. hindIzabdAnuzAsana-kizorIdAsa vAjapeyI 152 hinvArikala liMgvisTiksa ina iNTogrAryana-esa ema. katro 153. hisTArikala grAmara prAva inskripzanala prAkRta-ema e. mahendale 154 hinTArikala grAmara Ava apabhraMza-jI vI tagAre 155 hemacandrAja prAkRtagrAmara -vaidya pI ela. 156 vipaSTizalAkApurupacarita-hemacandra kozagrantha 1 prabhidhAna rAjendra 2 abhinava hindI ko ga-harirAkara parmA (gayAprasAda eNDa sasa prAgarA) 3 amarakopa-amarasiMha 4 avadhIkopa --rAmAjJA 'samIra' 5 agrejI hindI DikzanarI-DA haradeva bAharI 6 iTimAlAjika gujarAtI igliza DikzanarI-ema ena vAlasare 7. e kamprereTiva eNDa iTimAlAjikala DikzanarI prAva pAli leMgveja--prAra. ela Tarnara 8 e DikzanarI prAva pAli legveja-pAra sI. cAilDarsa 9 e DikzanarI pAva hindI leMgveja re je DI vATe 10 tamila leksikana-sabhI jilde-madrAsa yUnivasiTI-prakAzana 11. nAlandA vizAlazabdasAgara-navalajI(nyU impIriyala buka Dipo naI saDaka, dillI 12. pAiamaddamahaNNavo-haragovindadAsa trikamacanda seTha 13 bihArI DikzanarI (apUrNa) hAnale griyasana / 14 bhApA vijJAna koza -DA. bholAnAtha tivArI 15. vAcaspatyam 16 vaijayantI koza-yAdavaprakAza kRta / 17 zavdArthakaustuma-prakAzita rAmanArAyaNa lAla agravAla, prayAga 18 zabdakalpadruma- syArarAjA rAdhAkAnta deva 19 sUrajajabhApA koza-TaNDana 20 saskRta igliza DikzanarI-moniyara viliyamsa / 21. saskata igliza DikzanarI-vI0 esa0 prApTe /

Page #322
2 310 ] 22 hindImavArtha pArijAta-caturvedI dvArakApramAda zarmA (rAmanArA0 agravAla, ilAhAbAda) 23 hindIzana mAgara -zyAmasundaradAsa, nA pra sabhA, kAzI 24 hindI janmagraha-mukandIlAla zrIvAstava (jAna ma0, kAzI) 25 hindI rASTrabhASA koNa-vizvezvara nArAyaNa zrIvAstava iNDi presa, ilAhAbAda 26 hindI lokokti-koza-vizvambharanAya khatrI, harIzana roDa, kalakattA 27 hindI muhAvarAkoza-DA0 bholAnAtha tivArI 28 hindI muhAvirA kopa-marahindI 29 hindI namila kopa-dakSiNa bhArata hindI pracAra sabhA, haidarA0 30 hindustAnI TikzanarI pleTamajAna / hindI paryAyavAcI kopa-zrIkRSNa zukna 32 hindI ranna ha vopa-zrIkRSNA zukla 33 hindI tamila kopa- zrIyAgA zukna 34 hindI negu koSa - kRSNa zuknna jarnalsa | dina nigvisttikaa| 2 Tana sttorivge|

Page #323
[ 311 17 di buleTina grApha di skUla Apha orieNTala sTaDIja / (nivarsiTI grApha laNDana) 18 ny iNiyana ennttiivibrii| 19 buleTina grApha di Dakana kAleja-risarca insTIcyUTa pUnA / 20 mamAyarma Apha di eziyATika sosAyaTI grApha vagAla / 21 marambanI sTaDIja-banArama