Book Title: Chanakya Sutrani Author(s): Ramavatar Vidyabhaskar Publisher: Swadhyaya Mandal Pardi Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/009900/1 JAIN EDUCATION INTERNATIONAL FOR PRIVATE AND PERSONAL USE ONLYPage #1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi zrI rAmAvatAra vidyAbhAskara Page #2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ YGENERGENERGossERGENERGOOGOOGeog AMAL cANakyasUtrANi [artha aura vivaraNa sahita] mahAmati Arya viSNugupta upanAma cANakya (caNakAtmaja) kauTalya ( kuTalagotriya ) RGEOGAOGRAMODGEMERGEOGRAMODGOOGLEDGEMERGENERGENA bhASAntarakAra tathA vyAkhyAkAra sva. zrI rAmAvatAra vidyAbhAskara buddhisevAzrama, ratanagaDha (ji. bijanaura) --ser~ svAdhyAya-maMDala, pAraDI 1943 mUlya 18) ru. HIRDERATIOCORDER.CONDORom Page #3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mudraka aura prakAzaka : vasanta zrIpAda sAtavalekara, bA. e., bhArata- mudraNAlaya, svAdhyAya maMDala, posTa- 'svAdhyAya maMDaLa ( pAraDI )' pAraDI [ ji. sUrata ] Page #4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhUmi kA Arya cANakyane bhAratasantAnako jJAnadAna karaneke liye jina dinoM bhArata meM janma liyA thA, saMyogase unhIM dinoM yUnAnake rAjasiMhAsanako kalaMkita karanevAle vizvanindita prasiddha mAtatAyI sikandarane bhAratapara AkramaNa kiyA thA / yaha AkramaNa bhArata ke liye varadAna siddha huA / ( 1 ) bhArya cANakyane pazcimottara bhAratakI azvakajAtike netA vIrayuvaka candraguptako kukhyAta bhISaNa sikandara ke viruddha samarAbhiyAnake liye preraNA dekara usakI kSAtrazakti se use vitADita karAkara deza se bAhara dhakela diyA thA, ( 2 ) sikandara ke rAjyalobhako utejita karanevAle bhAratIya dezadrohiyoM ko nAmazeSa banA DAlA thA, (3) vilAsavyasanAsakta rAjAoMke bhogakSetra bane hue zatadhA khaNDita paraspara kalahAyamAna gaNarAjyoMmeM vibhakta bhAratako eka susaMgaThita darza sAmrAjyakA rUpa dekara, candragupta ko usakA ekachatra samrAT banAkara saMsAra ke samakSa sUryake samAna tejasvI sarvazreSTha Adarza rAjacaritrakA jIvita udAharaNa upasthita kiyA thA ( 4 ) aura antameM candraguptake zAsana ke saurya tathA sauSThava ke liye zAsanavidhAnake rUpameM rAjanaitika sAhityakA ziromaNi kauTalIya arthazAstra prastuta karake usase sAhitya jagat meM amaratA prApta kI / mAnavakA dehadhAraNa taba hI sArthaka hotA hai yA yoM kaheM ki dehadhAraNakI yahI sArthakatA hai ki usakA vyaktitva use janma dene, mAnava ke pAlane, Page #5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi posanevAle samAjake hisameM kAma Aye aura usImeM vilIna ho cukA ho / mAnava apane hitako samAjake hitase alaga samajhatA ho aura vyaktigata sukhasuvidhA meM jIvana vyaya kara rahA ho isameM usakA kadApi hita nahIM hai / mUDha mAnava apanI bhUlase apane hitako apane samAja ke hita se alaga banAye rakhaneke zatadhA prayatna karatA to hai, parantu usakI isa duSpravRttise usakA vyaktigata hita bhI naSTa ho jAtA usakA nizcita mAnasika akalyANa hotA hai aura pariNAmasvarUpa usakI mUlyakatA mAnavatA bhI lupta ho jAtI hai / apane hitako samAjake hita se alaga rakhanA mUDha manuSyakI ApAtamanorama svahitavirodhI pravRtti hai| mAnavake vyaktitvakA samAjahitase vicchinna hojAnA use anivArya rUpase samAjadrohI, AtmaghAtI asura banAkara chor3atA hai / jIvanakI dhanyatA to ve hI loga pA sakate haiM jo samAjake hita meM AtmasamarpaNa karake rahanevAle hI jIvanakI dhanyatA pA sakate haiM / vyakti tathA samAjake ditakA dvaividhya ( alagAva ) hI mAnava samAjakA amaghAta hai / suzikSA hI samAjako isa AtmaghAtI rogase bacAnevAlI ekamAtra rAmabANa cikitsA hai / dehakA yaha roga satsAhitya ke dvArA suzikSA se hI miTAyA jA sakatA hai / Arya cANakyane rASTrako suzikSita karane hI ke liye apanA rAjanaitika sAhitya racA hai / sampUrNa mAnava samAjako sAmAjika suzikSA denevAle bhAratake rAjanaitika guru Arya cANakyako usakI maddatI rAjanaitika sevAoMke kAraNa rAjanaitika jagadgurukA uccAsana svayameva prApta ho gayA hai / nAbhiSeko na saMskAraH siMhasya kriyate vane / vikramArjitalatvasya svayameva mRgendratA // siMhakA vanameM koI rAjyAbhiSeka nahIM karatA aura koI use rAjyadIkSA . nahIM detaa| apane liye apane hIM bhujabala se sammAnita padakA upArjana karanevAlA siMha svayameva ' mRgendra ' bana baiThatA hai / yaha lokokti cANakya jaise hI mahApuruSoMke liye banI hai / 8 Page #6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhUmikA kauTalyagotriya RSi caNakake putra Adarza brAhmaNa viSNuguptane DhAI sahasra varSa pUrva bhArata ke rAjAmoMko rAjanIti sikhAneke liye arthazAsa laghu. cANakya, vRddha cANakya, cANakyanIti, cANakyarAjanItizAstra Adi anyoMke sAtha vyAkhyAyamAna cANakyasUtroMkA bhI nirmANa kiyA thaa| rAjAoMko rAjanItikI zikSA denA vAstava meM rAjA banAnevAle samAjako hI rAjanIti sikhAnA hai / samAjako rAjanIti sikhAnA vAstava meM samAjake bhavibhAjya aMgoM, samAjakI mUlabhUta prathama ikAiyoM arthAt vyaktiyoM ko hI rAjanIti sikhAnA hai| rAjanItimeM sarve padA hastipade nimanAH ' ke anusAra mAnavasantAnako manuSyatAse samRddha karanevAle samasta zAstra tathA samasta dharma svabhAvase sammilita haiM, rAjanItipara hI samasta dharmoM ke pAlanakA yahI uttaradAyitva hai| AnvIkSikItrayIvArtAnAM yogakSemasAdhano dnnddH| tasya nIti daNDanItiH, alabdhalAbhArthA, labdhaparirakSaNI, rakSita. vivardhanI, vRddhasya tIrtheSu pratipAdanI ca / tasyAmAyattA lokayAtrA tasmAllokayAtrArthI nityamudyatadaNDaH syAt / ( koTalIya arthazAstra 1-4) daNDanIti kA svarUpa yahI hai ki bhAnvIkSikI trayI tathA vArtA tInoMke yogakSema daNDa (arthAt suvyavasthita rAjazakti ) se hI surakSita rahate haiN| saMsAra daNDamaya honepara hI bhAnvIkSikI (mAtmavidyA ) AdimeM pravRtta hotA hai; nahIM to nahIM / usa daNDanItikA upadeSTA zAstra bhI daNDanIti kahAtA hai / daNDanItike aprApta kI prApti, prAptakI rakSA, rakSitakA vardhana tathA vardhitakA lokakalyANI kAryoM meM viniyoga nAmaka cAra phala haiN| logoMkI jIvanayAtrA daNDanItikI surakSA (suprayoga ) para hI nirbhara hotI hai| isIliye rAjanIti samasta dhamAkA mUla hai| isa kAraNa rAjanIti. sampanna loga sadA hI anyAya atyAcArake viruddha daNDaprayogake liye udyata rheN| Page #7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi kyoMki rAjanIti hI samasta zAstroM tathA dhaukI surakSAkA sunizcita samAzvAsana hai, isIliye jJAnakarma samuccayavAdI mArya cANakya ne apane rASTra ko rAjanIti sikhAnA hI apane jIvanakA mukhya lakSya banA liyA thaa| Arya cANakyakI rAjanItikA sArAMza samAjako isa prakAra suzikSita karanA hai ki vaha apanI rAjazaktiko kevala una logoM ke hAthameM rahane denekA sunizcita prabandha karake rakkhe, jo apane Apako samAjahitake surata bandhanoM meM bAMdha rakhane meM na kevala harSa aura gaurava anubhava karate hoM pratyuta isIko apanA mahobhAgya bhI mAne / samAja hI vyaktikA vikAsakSetra hai / jahA~ samAja nahIM hai vahAM vyaktiyoke pAsa sAmAjika kartagya nahIM haiM / samAjahIna loga kSudra svArthoM meM ulajhe paDe rahate haiM / asAmAjika vyaktiyoMke pramAdase unake samAjake hitako anadhikArI loga apane vyaktigata svArthIkA sAdhana banAnakA avasara pA lete haiM aura pariNAmasvarUpa logoMke vyaktigata svArthokI bhI akathanIya durgati hotI hai| samAjacintAke prasaMgameM yaha jAnanA atyAvazyaka hai ki grAma hI samA. jake nirmAtA haiM, nagara nhiiN| nagara to samAjahIna ( paraspara sambandhahIna ) saMsthA haiN| nagaroMkA nirmANa bhogI rAjAoM ke svArthAse huyA hai aura hotA hai / bhogalakSyavAlI rAjya saMsthAyeM nagaroM ko to baDhAvA deto calI jAtI haiM aura samAjaracanAke svAbhAvika kSetra grAmoM kI ora durlakSya karake unheM ujaDane aura ghaTate cale jAne ke liye vivaza karake rakhatI hai| nagaroMko samAja na kahakara ' samaja' kahA jA sakatA hai| samAja kevala usa mAnava. samudAyakA nAma hai jo sampadavipadameM paraspara sahAnubhUti rakhatA hai / eka dUsareke vipanmokSameM sahAyaka banane kA sarasAhasa na karane vAle asahAya pazuokA sAhasI mAnavasamUha samAja kahalAnekA adhikArI nahIM hai| use to pazusamUhake samAna ' samaja' kahanA hI upayukta hai| grAma hI sAmAjikatAkI svAbhAvika janmabhUmi hai| sAmAjikatAkI svAbhAvika janmabhUmi grAmoM meM utpanna honevAlA mAnavasamAja hI samAja. Page #8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhUmikA hitake bandhanoM meM mAbaddha raha sakatA hai| grAmoM ke isa bandhanakA TUTanA yA TUTane denA, zithila hojAnA yA zithila ho jAne denA asvAbhAvika udhArI sthiti hai| grAmoM meM mina bhitra jAtiyoM aura sampradAyoMke logoM kA kauTumbika sambandhoM jaisA paraspara pavitra ghaniSTa sambandha hotA hai| isIliye prAmavAsI loga eka dUsareko dAdA-dAdI cAcA-cAcI tAU-tAI bahanabhAI bhAdi kauTumbika upAdhiyoMse hI sambodhita karate haiM / yaha sAmAji. katA zaharoM meM kahAM hai ? grAmavAsI loga mAkasmika vipattiyoM meM nagara. vAsiyoM ke samAna mAMkha banda karake na baiThe rahakara parasparake sahAyaka bana. neke liye ekatrita hojAte haiN| grAmavAsI loga eka dUsarekA vipadvAraNa karane meM apane prANa taka homa dete haiM / yahI to grAmoM kI sAmAjikatA hai / saMketamAtra paryApta hai / nagaravAlI sAmAjika bandhanase pRthaka rahate haiN| ve kevala vyaktigata kSuda svAryose pUrNarUpase abhibhUta rahate haiN| unake hRdayoM meM samAjahitAkAMkSA nAmavAlI koI sthiti nahIM hotii| inakI samAjahitAkAMkSA inake netA bana jAne taka sImita rahatI hai| sAmAjika hitoM kI cintA na rakhanA mAnavakA masAdhAraNa aparAdha hai| isa rUpameM aparAdha hai ki sAmAjika hitoM kI cintA na rakhanA hI to samAjakA ahitacintaka zatru bana jAnA hai| samAjakI upekSA hI samAjase zatrutA hai| hitakara kartagyase vimukha rahanA hI so mahita karanA hai / nagaravAsI loga samAjacintAhIna hone ke rUpameM samAja ke ahitacintaka zatru hote haiM / Aja jo bhAratameM rAjazaki hathiyAne vAle daloMkI bADha AI hai, vaha mithyA mahatvAkAMkSI ujjvala veSI ( sapheda poza ) nagaravAsiyoM ke hI to manakI upaja hai| rAjazakti hathiyAne vAle daloMkI bADha nagaravAsiyoM kI asAmAjika manovRttikA hI to pariNAma hai / zaharI logoM kI asAmAjika 'manovRttine hI rAjazakti hathiyAne ke icchuka daloM kI sRSTi kI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki samasta rAjanItika saMsthAeM nagaroM meM se hI upajanI haiM aura Page #9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi zaharI loga hI inake netA hote haiM / inakA pariNAma yaha huA hai ki grAmoMse prApta karoMle nagara pAle aura baDhAye jAte haiM / nagaravAloMke prabhutAlobhakA hI pariNAma Ajake dvikhaMDita bhAratako bhoganA paDa rahA hai / Arya cANa kyako nItiko jo sarvamAnyatA milI hai vaha samAjakI rAjazaktiko prabhutAlomI hAthameM na rahane denekI zikSA pracalita karanA cAhane se hI milI hai | cANakya prabhutAlobhiyoMkA prabala zatru thA / isI kAraNa usane parvatakako naSTa kiyA aura candragupta ko rAjyAdhikAra sauNpaa| rAjazaktikA nagarahitaiSI na hokara samAjahitaiSI honA anivArya rUpale Avazyaka hai / rAjazaktike samAjahitaiSI honepara hI samAjakI zAntikI surakSitatAkA AzvAsana mila sakatA hai / yadi rAjazakti samAjahitakA dhyAna na rakhakara prajAke dhanakA nagarasaMvardhana meM apavyaya karatI hai to vaha samAjake sirapara caDha baiThA huA eka apasAraNIya bojha bana jAtI hai / isa prakArakI nagarapakSapAtinI rAjazakti samAjakI zAntiko surakSita nahIM rakha sakatI saba mAnate haiM ki rAja* zaktiko samAjasevikA banakara rahanA caahiye| jo rAjazakti samAja tathA usakI dhanazaktiko apanI mithyA pratiSThA aura bAhyADaMbara ( dikhAvA ) pUrA karaneke kAma meM lAne lagatI hai, usakA sarvabhakSI peTa surasAke peTake samAna bar3hatA calA jAtA hai / vaha bhasmaka rogI ke samAna rASTrake samasta khAdyAMzako svayaM khAkara rASTrako bhUkhA, naMgA, nirbala banAye rakhatI hai / isa rUpa meM vaha samAjakI zatru hotI hai / samAjako bAhya tathA Abhyantarika donoM prakAra ke zatruoMse surakSita rakhanA rAjazaktikA mahAn uttaradAyitva hai / jo rAjazakti rASTrako donoM prakArake zatruoMse surakSita rakhanekA uttaradAyitva pUrA nahIM karatI, vaha nizcaya hI rAjazakti bane rahane yogya nahIM hai / aisI kartavyahIna rAjazaktike sira para AtmasudhArakA kartavya lAda denA cAhiye / parantu aisA karanA samAjake atirikta anya kisIkA bhI kartavya nahIM hai| rAjazakti para AtmasudhArakA kartavya lAdanA jaTila kartavya hai / Page #10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhUmikA rAjazaktike sirapara DAlA jaanevaal| isa prakArakA dabAva vAstava meM rAjya. saMsthAke nirmAtA samAjapara hI mAramasudhArakA naitika dabAva DAlanA hotA hai| jo svayaM nahIM sudharA vaha rAjyasaMsthAko kaise sudhAra sakatA hai ? koI bhI samAja mAsmasudhAra kiye binA apanI rAjazaktiko kadApi nahIM sudhAra sktaa| saMzuddha udbuddha samAjakA hI yaha bhanivArya kartavya hai ki vaha apane samAjameMse anaitikatAkA bahiSkAra kare aura use bAhya tathA mAbhyantara donoM prakArake AkramagoMse honevAlI hAnise surakSita rakkhe / vyaktiyoM kA hita samAjake hitase pRthaka nahIM hai aura samAjakA bhI vyaktiyoMke hitoMse pRthak koI hita nahIM hai| aisI paristhiti meM yadi koI rAjyasaMsthA yA samAja vyakti ke hitake praznako vyaktigata prazna kahakara TAlatA yA usakI upekSA karatA hai, to vaha rAjyasaMsthA aura vaha samAja donoMke donoM aparAdhI haiM, aura donoM hI mAsurI haiN| isaliye haiM ki vyaktiyoM se alaga to samAjakA koi hita hI nahIM hai| bhAdarzasamAjakI strI huI rAjyasaMsthAko anivArya rUpa se vyaktiyoM kI vyaktigata haniyoM se apane mApako hI kSatigrasta mAnanevAlI honA caahiye| use kisI bhI atyAcArita nagaNya vyakti takakI kSatipUrti ke liye eDIse coTI takakA samasta bala lagA denA caahiye| aisA karane para hI rAjyavyavasthAkA logoMse kara lenA vaidha mAnA jA sakatA hai| __ jo rAjyasaMsthA apane isa mahAn uttaradAyitvako nahIM pAlatI usake viSayameM isa prakAra sociye ki jo atyAcArita vyakti Ajataka isa rAjya. saMsthAko apane karadAnase pAlatA pA rahA hai, aura jo rAjya saMsthA usase kara lenA na kevala apanA adhikAra mAnatI A rahI hai, pratyuta atyAcArakI isa ghaTanAke pazcAt bhI usase kara lene kA lobha choDanA nahIM cAhatI pratyuta mAgeko bhI lenekA prabandha kiye baiThI hai, isameM kahAM taka aucitya hai? 'nizcaya hI samAjake loga Akasmika atyAcAroMse mAmarakSAke hI liye rAjyasaMsthAoM ko jIvanabImA kampaniyoM ko diye jAnevAlI kistoMke rUpa meM Page #11 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi kara dete haiN| jo rAjyasaMsthA kisI bhI vyaktikI vyaktigata surakSAkA uttaradAyitva pUrA karane meM asamartha haiM, use na kevala isa atyAcAritase pratyuta kisI bhI vyakti se kara lete rahanekA koI aucitya yA adhikAra nahIM / 10 yadi koI rASTra apanI rAjyasaMsthAko pavitra rakhanA cAhe to use asyAvAritoMkI vyaktigata hAni yA to atyAcAritoM se pUrI karAnI cAhiye yA phira rAjakoSa se pUrI karanA anivArya banA lenA cAhiye / isIke sAtha eka bhI kisI atyAcAritakI asaMzodhita hAni para sambaddha uttaradAyI rAjakarmacArIko padacyuta karanekA kaThora niyama banAkara rakhanA cAhiye / itanA kiye binA rAjyasaMsthAko kartavyatatpara rakhanekA anya koI bhI sAdhana nahIM hai / rAjazaktike sirapara bhI to eka daNDa honA cAhiye / taba hI vaha kartavya tatpara raha sakatI hai| eka bhI atyAcAritake prati rAjyasaMsthAkI upekSApUrNa udAsInatA, use samasta prajAkA pracchanna bairI siddha karanevAlI bhAtatI manodazA hai / prajAkI hAnikA samAcAra pAkara bhI usakI hAnike sambandha nirlipta rahanevAlI rAjyasaMsthA spaSTa rUpa meM rASTradrohI hai, prajApIDaka hai aura AsurI rAjya hai / cANakya ke mantavyAnusAra rAjyasaMsthAke Adarza rAjyasaMsthA honekI yahI kaspoTI hai ki vaha rAjyasaMsthAke nirmAtA samAjameM aisI zakti jagAkara bakkhe, use aisA ojasvI satarka aura samAjahitacitraka banAneke liye vivaza kara de jisake uddIpta prabhAvase vaha netA taMtra ke paMje meM phaMsa hI na sake aura apane upArjita sArvajanika saMpattirUpI rAjakoSako pratAraNAmayI lambI cauDI zoSaka yojanAo meM apavyayita honese roka sake aura use kevala jana kalyANa meM vyaya honeke liye surakSita kara de / Adarza rAjyasaMsthA vahI hai jisakI yojanAyeM prajAko usake bhUmi, dhana, dhAnyAdi pAte rahane ke mUlAdhikAra se vaMcita kara denevAlI nahIM, use laMbI cauDI yojanAoMke nAmase kArabhArase AkrAnta na kara DAle / rASTroddhAraka yojanAyeM rAjakIya vyayoM meM se bacata karake hI calAI jAnI cAhiye / rAjagrAhya bhAga dekara bace prajAke TukaDake bharose para lambI cauDI yojanA kreDa baiThanA prajAkA utpIDana hai / Page #12 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 11 bhUmikA prajA meM bala, cetanA satarkatA, adhikAratatparatA paidA karanA, prajAzaktiko prabala tathA use rAjazakikA zAsaka banAkara rakhanA hI cANakyakI rAjanIti hai | yahI rAjanItikA abhrAnta bAdarza bhI hai yadi samAja rAjanItike isa abhrAnta Adarzako apanAle to nizcaya hI samAjameM svarga utara Aye / kyoMki zAntipriyatA mAnavasvabhAva hai isaliye prajAzaktikA svabhAvase dAnava dalanakArINI honA svataH siddha hai| yadi kisI dezakI rAjazakti kartavyaparAyaNa ho to vaha prajA ke dAnavadalanI svabhAva ke sadupayogase deza meM zAntirakSA kara sakatI hai| suzikSA ke dvArA prajAzaktipara satyakA netRtva supratiSThita rakhanA hI prajAzaktiko rAjazaktikA zAsaka banAnA hai aura yahI samAjameM zAnti tathA nyAyako surakSita rakhanA bhI hai| prajAke suzikSita honepara hI samAja meM zAnti aura nyAya surakSita raha sakatA hai / rAjanItike isa abhrAnta Adarza kI zikSA se hI meM manuSyatA utpanna ho sakatI hai / Arya cANakyakA sAhitya samAjameM zAnti tathA nyAyakI rakSA sikhAnevAlA zikSAko supratiSThita rakhanevAlA jJAnabhaMDAra hai / rAjanaitika zikSAkA yaha uttaradAyitva hai ki vaha mAnavasamAjako rAjyasaMsthApana, rAjyasaMcAlana tathA rASTrasaMrakSaNa nAmaka tInoM kAma sikhAye / billI ke bhAgase TUTe chIMke samAna kevala rAjya pA jAnA aura bAta hai tathA rAjyasaMcAlana saMrakSaNa tathA saMvardhana dUsarI bAta hai | durbhAgya se bhAratane cANakya ke isa jJAnabhaMDArakI upekSA karake svadezI videzI donoM prakArake zatruko AkramaNa karanekA nimantraNa dekara apaneko zatruoM kA nirupAya AkheTa banAnevAlI AsurI zikSA apanAlI hai| usane zikSA meM se naitikatArUpI dharmakA bahiSkAra karane meM gaurava anubhava kiyA hai| zikSA meM se naitikatA arthAt caritrako bahiSkRta rakhanA use yA to sarakArI kAryAlayoMke liye lekhaka ( klarka ) paidA karanevAlI yA siddhAntahIna peTapUjA sikhAnevAlI banAkara rakhanA hai / kevala ukta do prakArake loga paidA karanA hI to zikSAkA AsurIpana yA AsurI zikSAnIti hai| naitikatAhIna zikSA hI arthakArI ( TakA DhAlanevAlI ) vidyAkA mUla hai / Aja jo Page #13 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 12 cANakyasUtrANi bhAratavAsI bAhya aura Abhyantarika donoM prakArake zatruoMkA AkheTa banA hai, vaha isa anItiprasAraka arthakArI vidyAke pIche paDaneke pariNAmasvarUpa mAsurIsamAja bana jAnese hI banA hai| arthakA dAsa sammAna yA Atma. gaurava nahIM caahtaa| vaha to kevala artha cAhatA hai| arthakArI vidyA dezameM anItikA prasAra kiye binA nahIM mAna sakatI aura svAbhimAnahIna manuSya paidA karane se nahIM rokI jA sktii| zriyA AbhIkSNaM saMvAso darpayenmohayedapi / zrIse manuSya meM darpa aura moha utpanna honA anivArya hai| shriik| jIvanameM upayoga hone para bhI use jIvana meM sarvopari sthAna nahIM diyA jA sktaa| zrIko naitikatAke bandhanameM sImita rakhanese hI use mAnavopayogI banAkara rakkhA jA sakatA hai| naitika bandhanoMse hIna zrImahAvinAzakA kAraNa bana jAtI hai| bhAratakA samAjasudhAra tathA rAjyasudhAra taba hI saMbhava hai jaba rAja. nItikA bhAratIya dRSTikoNa apanAyA jAya aura adhyArama tathA rAjanItikI ekatAko lekara calanevAlI bhAratakI AryarAjanIti ke pratIka cANakyasUtroM ko bhAratasantAnakI pAThavidhimeM sammilita kiyA jaay| mAnavasantAnako jIvanake naitika AdhAroMse saparicita karAkara use jJAnAlokakA darzana karA denA hI zikSAkA uddezya hai / pAzcAtya vicAroMse prabhAvita loga mAdhyA. tmikatAke nAmase caukate haiN| unheM jAnanA cAhiye ki bhAratako rAjanIti naitikatA, manuSyatA aura AdhyAtmikatAmeM koI bheda nahIM hai : ye saba abhinna hai| ye eka hI vastu ke vivakSAbhedase tIna aneka nAma haiN| kartavyapAlana meM jisa dRDhatAkI AvazyakatA hai vahI adhyAtma hai / dRDhatA sadhyAtmakI hI dena hai / dRDhatAke vinA rASTra nahIM raha sktaa| mAnavIya yathAyajJAna bAdhyAtma. naitikatA, manuSyatA yA mukti mAdikA yahI svarUpa hai ki mAnava mAThoM prahara bhogabhojanAnveSI hokara bhaTakate phiranevAle bhAtmambhari pazupakSiyoM ke samAna na ho jAya aura kevala apane vyaktigata kSudra svArtho meM phaMsA na pA Page #14 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhUmikA rahe, kintu mAnavocitta mAnasika sthitimeM rahane ke liye samAjakalyANako hI apanA vAstavika kalyANa samajhe / 13 apane vyaktigata kSudra lAbhako hI jIvanakA lakSya mAna lenA manuSyakA svaviSayaka ghora ajJAna hai / aise mAnavane nahIM pahacAnA ki mAnavatAkA sambandha kevala apane dehase na hokara sAre hI saMsArase hai / mAnavase sArA hI saMsAra kucha na kucha bhAzA karatA hai / mAnava saMsArabharake kalyANameM bhoga denekI kSamatA rakhatA hai / Apane dekhA ki mAnava bananA kitanA usaradAyitva vahana karatA hai ? vyaktigata kSudra lAbhako hI jIvanakA lakSya mAna lenevAle mAnavane bhagavAn vyAsakI 'na mAnuSAt zreSThataraM hi kiMcit ' ghoSaNAkA rahasya nahIM samajhA ki mAnavIya sattA kitanI mahAmahima sattA hai aura isa kAraNa usakA apane, kuTumba, grAma, samAja, deza tathA isa saMsArake sambandharme kitanA baDA uttaradAyitva hai / Ajakala apane viSaya meM ghora aMdhere meM rahate hue bhI svabhinna saMsArake viSaya meM paricaya prApta kara lenA jJAnakI paribhASA bana gaI hai parantu nizcaya hI yaha jJAna nahIM hai; kintu apane Apako jAna lenA hI jJAna hai / yaha vaha jJAna hai jisakA mAnava ke caritranirmANa para mahatvapUrNa prabhAva paDanA hai / zikSAkA kAma vidyArthIko apane svarUpase yA yoM kaheM ki isa sRSTike vidhAtA ke mAnavadeha dhAraNa kara leneke gupta uddezya se paricita karAkara samAjameM adroddI zuddha AcAradharmakI sthApanA karake sAmAjika zAntiko supratiSThita karanA hai | peTapUjA to ve kachave bhI kara lete haiM jinake pAsa kisI yUnivarsiTIkI koI DigarI nahIM hotIM / zikSA vahI hai jisake prabhAva se mAnava ke manameM apane parAye donoMke astitva ke viSayameM kisI prakArakA azAntijanaka, . usejaka, atyAcArI, svArthI, mUDha vicAra zeSa na raha jAye aura zikSita mAnava kartavya tyAgane tathA akartavya apanAnekI sthiti se apanA sunizcita uddhAra karake sudRDha niSThA rakhanevAlA mAnava bane / vijJa mAnavakI anubhavika Antarika jJAnacakSa unmIlita hojAnI cAhiye aura use trinetra mahAdeva Page #15 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANaksUtrANa banakara vyavahAra bhUmi meM atyanta satarka hokara rahanA caahiye| use dIkha jAnA cAhiye ki yaha jagat pratikSaNa utpanna ho hokara kyoM naSTa hotA calA jA rahA hai ? vijJa mAnavake liye yaha jagat vidhAtAkI apane mAnava vidyArthIko jJAnadAna karanevAlI pAThyasAmagrI bana cukanA cAhiye / bAta yaha hai ki jagatakA mAnavahitapI parvajJa vidhAtA jAgatika ghaTanAoM ko hI dvAra banA banAkara apane mAnava vidyArthIkI jJAnacakSu unmIlita karake use jJAno banA denA cAhatA hai / yaha jagat apane nirantara utpatti vinAzoMse mAnava vidyArthIka sAmane apane mithyAtva arthAt asthiratA ( avizvAsyatA ) kA DaMkA pITa poTa kara apanI sAMketika avyakta bhASAmeM apane utpatti vinAzakI mUla bhUmi apane vizvavyApI amara sanAtana saccidAnandasvarUpa vidhAtAkA vidvadgamya yazomAna karatA calA jA rahA hai| yaha nitantara mriyamANa jagat apanI nazvaratAke dvArA apane vidhAtAke jagadracanAke uddezyakA amara DiNDima banA hukSA hai| yaha apane vidhAtAkI guNAvalikA stutipAThaka bandI ( ATa ) hai / yaha saMsAra mAnavako apane vidhAtAkA gauravamaya paricaya dene hI ke liye utpana humA hai| aura naSTa ho rahA hai| mAnavadeha dhAraNa kara lene vAle devIko saMsArameM bhAkara isI satyakA darzana karanA hai jo saMsArakI ghaTanAvalike pIche chipA huA hai| mAnavakA dehI isI satyakA darzana karake bhakhaNDa mAsmasmatikA lokottara Ananda leneke liye bAra bAra ananta bAra dehadhAraNakI lIlA karatA calA mA rahA hai| mAnavIya mastisvakI mahimAkA kahIM pAra nahIM hai / yaha samasta saMsAra mAnavIya astitvakI dI to pRSThabhUmi hai| mAnava * isase apaneko pRthaka nahIM kara sakatA aura yaha saMsAra bhI usase alaga hokara apane Apako astitva aura prakAza meM nahIM rakha sakatA / mAnavIya mastitva hI isa saMsArakA astitva aura mAnavIya mastisvakI pratIti hI saMsArakI pratIti hai / yaha saMsAra apane astitva tathA pratIti donoM ke liye mAnava para mAzrita hai ! yahI mAnavako mahAmahimA hai / Page #16 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhUmikA na tatra sUyAM bhAti na candratArakaM namA vidyuto bhAnti kutA. 'yamagniH / tameva bhAntamanubhAti sarve tasya bhAsA sarvamida vibhAti // 15. mAnava astitva ke pratIta ho jAneke pazcAt hI to saMsArakA bhAna pratIti hotA hai | itanA hI nahIM usIke pratatyitmaka prakAza se isa jagat meM prakAzamAnatA AtI hai / svayaM isa jagat meM prakAzamAnatA nahIM hai ! mAnava yaha jAne ki jagatko prakAzamAnatA jagat para mAnava ke hI prakAzasvarUpa astitvakA udhAra hai / yahAM hamane dekhA mAnava kSudra vastu nahIM hai / yahAM hamane mAnava ke abhautika, alaukika, ananta asamApya astitva ke darzana kiye aura dUsarI mahAmahima sthitike sambandha meM paricaya pAyA / vAstava meM mAnava hRdaya bAzcaryakArI sAmarthya liye baiThA hai usake zaktayunmeSa hone meM saMkalpamAtrakA vilamba hai / vaha saMkalpameM dRDhatA lAte hI divya jJAnI lokakA darzana kara sakatA aura divya balakA AvAhana kara sakatA hai / parantu mAnavake dehAdhyAsane ( usake maiM deha hUM isa bhrAnta vicArane ) tathA dehAdhyAsajanya kSudra saMkalpoM ( icchAbhoM ) ne usake isa mahAmahima sAmarthyako kuNThita kara rakkhA hai / isa ddIna sthitimeM utsAhavardhaka samAcAra yahI hai ki mAnavake pAsa yA to jJAnI yA ajJAnI bananekI svatantratA hai usakI yaha svataMtratA hI samasta baloM kA bhaMDAra haiN| manuSya jJAnI bananekI svatantratAkI zaktike sadupayoga se hI apanI nikRSTa sthitiko vinaSTa kara sakatA, svarUpabodhamayI bhrAntizUnya sthiti pA sakatA aura usase saMsAra meM satkarmoM kI bhAgIrathI bar3A sakatA hai / mAnava icchAmAtra se isa svatantratAkA sadupayoga yA duruprayoga karatA hai / mAnavako jo jJAnI yA ajJAnI banane kI svatantratA milI hai aura use jo isa svatantratA ke sadupayoga yA durupayogakA adhikAra prApta huA hai vaha usake liye sadA hI do virodhI mArgokA saMgamakSetra banA rahatA hai | mAnavako milI yaha svatantratA use kevala eka kSaNameM itanA parivartita kara DAlatI tathA kara sakatI hai ki vaha yA to use cira Page #17 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi kAlake liye nitya sukhI yA use kSaNika AtmavismRtike gahare gartameM Dubo. kara ananta duHkhI banA DAlatI hai / __ mAnavameM jo yaha kSaNika svarUpavismRtikA bhAveza bhAtA hai vahI to usake sAmane ApAtamanorama mithyA svArthakSetra racakara khar3A kara detA hai / aura use usI svakalpita kSetra ke bandhanameM baMdhakara paDa jAne ke liye vivaza kara DAlatA hai| isa dRSTi se saccI zikSAkA yahI svarUpa mAnanA paDatA hai ki vaha mAnava santAnako dehAdhyAsajanya mAtmavismRtike garta meM gira maranese bacAye aura use aisI udAra mAnasika sthitimeM pratiSThita kara de jisameM use sacce vyAvahArika arthoM meM mAtmabodha ho jAya aura pariNAmasvarUpa usakI karmabhUmimeM kisI prakArakA bhautika svArthabandhana usake mana para prabhAva na jamA sake aura use kartavyapathase bhraSTa na kara sake / cANakya. sUtroM meM yahI zikSA samAjakalyANakAriNI jJAnajyoti lekara vidyamAna hai| bhAratakI vartamAna sthArthamUlaka tathA ajJAna mUlaka rAjanaitika durdazAmeM ekamAtra cANakyakA jJAnabhaNDAra hI bhAratakA pathapradarzaka bananekI kSamatA rakhatA hai| vahI bhAratavAsiyoko rAjanaitika, sAmAjika tathA mAdhyAsmika muktikA mArga dikhA sakatA hai| bhAratakI vartamAna sadoSa rASTrIya paristhiti isakI vartamAna kuzikSA hI ke kAraNa hai / bhAratakI vartamAna rASTrIya paristhiti Aja bhAratIya rAjya ho jAne ke dasa varSa pazcAt bhI usI kuzikSAke kapaTajAla meM phaMsI huI hai jisameM ise biTiza loga apane vaide. zika svArthase phAMsa gaye haiN| usake kAraNa bhAjake bhAratavAsIke sira para rASTrIya bhAvanA rASTrahita tathA manuke bhAdoMkI upekSA karAnevAlI svArthacintA mArUtu ( savAra ) ho gaI hai| bhAratako rAjanaitika kSetra meM vyAmoha / dhoke ) meM DAla diyA gayA hai| bhAratameM logoMko apane pIche calAne. vAle prabhutAlobhI netApanake dUSita bhAdarzako to rASTrIya zikSAkA dhyeya banA diyA gayA hai tathA marthakarI vidyAko samasta samAjakA dhyeya banA diyA gayA hai. isase deza meM sAMskRtika dhvaMsa maca gayA hai / pariNAmasvarUpa naitikatA kAna pakaDa kara samAjase bahiSkRta kara dI gaI hai| Page #18 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mama brAhmaNena niSkAraNo dharmaH SaDaMgo vedo'dhyeyo zeyazca / / choM aMgoMsahita vedoMkA adhyayana tathA marmajJAna prApta karanA vidyA. premI mAmavakA niSkAraNa dharma hai / maharSi pataMjalikA zikSAkA yaha niSkAma pavitra Adarza, jisake balase bhArata sadAse mahApuruSoM kI janmabhUmi banatA bhA rahA thA, sarvathA lupta ho gayA hai / Apa bhAratakI vartamAna tathA bhAvI santAnoMke sAtha vigata pIDhiyoM kI tulanA karake isa satyako pratyakSa kara sakate haiN| bhAjakI bhAratakI mAnasika sthiti hamAre rASTra meM rASTrIyatAko mriyamANa aura asAmAjikatA tathA nItibhraSTatAkI udIyamAna sthiti hai / bhAratako isa sthiti se zIghra hI ubAranekI AvazyakatA hai| prabhutAlobhI netA. panakI madirAne bhAratako naze meM cUra banA DAlA hai / dezase isa prabhutA. lobhI madirAkA bahiSkAra karanekA ekamAtra upAya usakI pAThavidhimeM cANakya kI rAjanaitika cintAdhArAko samAviSTa karanA hI hai| yadi bhArata. mAtAko satyAnugAmI svatantra vicAraka svatantratA premI vIroM kI jananI honekA gaurava denA ho to usakA ekamAtra upAya, dezako rASTrasudhArakaziromaNi, rAjanaitika dhanvantari cANakyakI vicAradhArAse bhAplAvita kara DAlanA hI hai / yadi Ajake bhAratIya yuvakoM ko bhAratIya rAjadharma prakANDa paNDita cANakya kI suparimArjita vicArasaraNIse suparicita na karAyA gayA to bhArata bhogaikalakSya dAsa kApuruSa utpanna karane vAlA banA rhegaa| hitaM manAhAri ca durlabhaM vacaH / yaha eka sunizcita siddhAnta hai| hitakArI vadhanoM kA mIThA honA apanI vaijJAnika sthiti, hai / isa lokokti meM durlabhakA artha asaMbhava hai| isa hA hai ki bhrAnta pathake avarodhaka udbodhaka hitakArI vacanoM kA karNakaTu tathA gAtradAhaka honA na kevaka manivArya hai pratyuta Avazyaka bhI hai / yadi koI vaktA yA lekhaka hitakArI vacanoMkI kaTutAko ghaTA denA cAhatA hai, to usase usa vacanakI bhrAntapatha rodhakatA tathA udbodhakatA bhI ghaTe vinA 2 (cANakya.) Page #19 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 1. cANa rahatI / taba use apane vacanoM meM se ye donoM maMza ghaTA dene par3ate haiN| aisI sthiti meM zrotA tathA pAThakoMke maloM meM kaTu AlocanA sunane tathA paDhanekA dhIraja honA unake saubhAgya tathA unakI vardhiSNutAkA cinha mAnA jaaygaa| apriyasya ca pathyasya vaktA zrotA ca durlabhaH // apriya pathya kahane aura sunanevAle donoM hI durlabha hote haiN| hitakArI kaTu mAlocanA sunanA jaise kisI eka vyakti ke liye hitakArI tathA kalyANakArI hai isI prakAra vaha samAja, rASTra tathA rAjyasaMsthAke liye bhI to kalyANakArI hai| kaDavI auSadha bina piye miTe na tanakA tApa / hitakI kaDavI vina sune miTe na manakA pApa // kauna nahIM jAnatA ki utpaza meM jAne vAlI zaktiyoMke dUSita pravAhoMko roka dene ke liye prayujyamAna sadbodhana, karNakaTu tathA gAtradAhaka hote hI haiN| rogiyoMko anicchApUrvaka kaTu auSadha pilAnevAle padvaidyoM yA abhibhAvakoM. ke samAna jJAnapUrvaka yA mAnapUrvaka samAjakA ahita karanevAloM ke kaTu satya sanA kara unakI viparIta pravRttiyoM ko zekanA aura unheM kataM. vyakA saccA mArga sujhAnA samAja ke niSThAvAna sevakoM kA anivArya kartavya hai / kaTu hita kahanevAlekI yahI bhAvanA hotI hai ki ahitako hita samajha baiThanevAloMke na cAhane para bhI unako mohanidrA bhaMga karane ke liye unheM jhakajhora kara uThA diyA jAya aura unheM mohanidrA tyAgane ke liye vivaza kara DAlanevAlI paristhiti utpanna kara dI jaay| apRSTo'pi hitaM bRyAt yasya necchet parAbhavam / manuSya jise parAbhUta hotA dekhanA na cAhe, usake binA pUche bhI usa hitakI bAta sujhAnA usake hitacintakoM kA anivArya atyAjya kartavya ho jAtA hai| kisIke hitacintakoM kA usakI bhrAnta pravRttiyoMko na roka kara Page #20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhUmikA udAsIna raha jAnA usase zatrutA karanA hai| nidritoMko asahya pratIta honevAlI jAgaraNa preraNAmoMke samAna mohanidrAmoM meM acetana par3e hue vyaktiyoM, samAjoM yA rAjyasaMsthAnoMkI bhrAnta pravRttiyoMkI mAlocanAmoM se inheM apanI mohanidrA bhaMga kiye jAnekA asA pratIta honA svAbhAvika hai / moha rajanImeM bhI to eka prakArakA tAmasa sukha yA sukhabhrAnti rahatI hai| vaha sukhabhrAnti kalyANakArI yathArtha sukhako Thake rahatI hai| saccI mAlocanAmeM sadA hI asanmArga chuDAne tathA sanmArga grahaNa karAne kI bhAvanA hotI hai| unnatizIla loga apanI bhAlocanAse apanA dhIraja khokara ghavarA nahIM jaate| pratyuta ve hitakartA virodhI pakSakA nimna zabdoM meM svAgata karate haiN| jIvantu me zatrugaNAH sadaiva yeSAM prasAdAt suvicakSaNo'ham / yadA yadA me vikRti bhajante tadA tadA mAM pratibodhayanti // mere uddezya yA nItikI truTi dikhAnevAlA merA vaha samAlocaka zatru pakSa sadA banA rahe jisakI kaTu mAlocanAse sadA satarka rahane ke liye vivaza ho jAnevAlA maiM sucatura nirdoSa bana gayA huuN| yaha pakSa jaba merI truTi dekhatA hai tabhI mujhe apanI bhUla sudhArane ke liye sAvadhAna kara detA hai| __ saMsArakA anubhava hai ki koI bhI saMsthA zatruvezI sacce samAlocakoM ke binA nirdoSa rUpase kAma nahIM kara sakatI / saccI mAlocanAmoMse lAma saThAnevAle loga kaTu hitavAdIke guNagrAhI aura kRtajJa ho jAte haiN| isI liye mArya cANakyane apane arthazAstra (1-7 ) meM kahA hai| maryAdAM sthApayet AcAryAnamAtyAn vA ya enamapAyasthAnebhyo vArayeyuH pramAdhantamabhitudeyuH / rAjAloga kinhIM aise vidhAvRddha, vayovRddha, tapovRddha, anubhavavRddha, saskaraNIya vidvAnoMko apane liye anullaMghanIya sImA banA kara apane pAsa rakheM jo ise pramAda na karane deM pratyuta pramAda karanese adhikArapUrvaka Toke maura rokeM / Page #21 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi rASTra kalyANa isI meM hotA hai ki samAjakA hita kara sakanevAlI devI pAktiyoM ko hI rAjyAdhikAra mile / parantu samAjake durbhAgyase sadA aisA nahIM hotA / janamatakI anukSuddhatAse bahudhA vyAvahArika rUpameM samAjake zatrutA karanevAlI vAvadUka vArtAvikrayI, makkAra, pratAraka, mAsurI zaktiye rAjyAdhikAra pA jAtI haiM / rAjyAdhikAra pA jAnevAlI bhAsurI zaktiye mohanidrAke kAraNa ahitako hita samajha baiThanevAle zramiSTha lokamatakI mohAndhatAse anucita lAbha uThA uThA kara samAjako prANazaktikA zoSaNa karane lagatI haiM / samAja tathA rAjazakti donoMke mohAndha bana nAneke vikarAla kAla meM rAjyasaMsthAke nirmAtA mohanidrAse abhibhUta samAnake kAnoMko hitopadeza sunAnA vicAradharmI sevakoMkA aisA anivArya kartavya banakara unake sAmane mA khaDA hotA hai jisase ve apaneko roka hI nahIM sakate / saba unheM samAja tathA rAjyazakti donoMke mohanidrAbhibhUta jaDa mastiSkopara tIvra jJAnAkuMzake udbodhaka prahAra karane par3ate haiN| aise vikaTa samayoMpara viSNu. zarmAke zabdoM meM janapadahitakartA tyajyate paarthivendrH| rAjarazmi pakaDe rahanevAle loga nahIM cAhate ki janatA svAdhikAra rakSAke liye svayaM udbuddha ho yA koI anya use ubuddha kare / bRhadAraNyakameM bhI isIke samAna rocaka varNana pAyA hai / tasmAdeSAM tanna priyaM yadetanmanuSyA vidyuH / / yaha devatAoMko priya pratIta nahIM hotA ki manuSyoM ko bhAramabodha ho jAya / jaise devatAoMkI jIvikA (indriyoMkI viSayakaNDUtipUrtispRhA) anubuddha logoMke hI sahArese calatI hai isI prakAra suSupta lokamata svArthI rAjyAdhikAriyoM ke svArthakA kSetra ho hI jAtA hai / lokamatake jAga uThanepara to rAjyAdhikAriyokI mithyA pratiSThAkA dhUlameM milA diyA jAnA ani. vArya hojAtA hai| isalie janajAgaraNakI sevAko apanAnevAloMko mAsurI rAjazaktikA roSapAtra bana hI jAnA par3atA hai| vaha unake bhASaNa tathA lekhanake Page #22 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhUmikA pracArameM bAdhA upasthita karane meM apanA hita samajhanekI bhUla kara baiThatI hai / saMsArameM rAjazaktikA durupayoga karanevAle samAjazatru sadAse hote mA rahe haiM / mArya cANakyane DhAI sahasra varSa pUrva jvAlAmayI bhASAmeM sazarIra vidyamAna rahakara tatkAlIna bhAratavAsiyoMkI manodazAko bhAratakI zatadhA. vicchinA rAjazaktikA durupayoga karanevAle samAjake zatrubhoMke viSaile prabhAvase mukta karane kA jagaprasiddha mahAn abhinaya karA dikhAyA thA aura isa dezasevAtmaka yajJakI pUrtike lie usameM dezadrohiyoMkI cuna cunakara pAhuti dI thii| upari karavAladhArAkArAH krUrA bhujaGgamapuGgavAH / antaH sAkSAd dAkSAdIkSAguravo jayanti ke'pi janAH // kucha udArakarmI loga Uparase dekhane meM to viSadhara sarpa tathA masidhArAkI lapalapAtI kaThora bhAkRtike samAna mahA kara banakara rahate haiM parantu ima logoMkA mantarAtmA loka hitake mAdhurya meM itanA pagA rahatA hai mAno inhoMne drAkSAoMse mAdhuryakI dIkSA le rakkhI ho / karmake to kaThora parantu hRdayake madhura virATakarmI loga saMsArameM ati nyUna hote haiN| mArya cANakya isI prakArake logoM se the| bhAja hamAre rASTrako rAjanIti vizArada sucatura vaidyako gambhIratama mAvazyakatA hai / isalie hai ki bhAja bhAratavAsI mAsurI prabhAvameM Akara ahitako hita samajha kara mohanidrAse abhibhUta hubhA paDA hai| isa vikarAla sthiti yaha hamArA saubhAgya hai ki cANakyakI dugdhakumbhI jvAlAmayI bhASAmeM lipibaddha rAjacaritra tathA rASTracaritrakA nirmAtA cANakyasUtra unakA pratinidhitva karane ke liye Aja bhI hamAre pAsa hai| ina sUtroMkA pratyeka zabda sundara maNimuktAgarbhita sugambhIra bhAva. sAgarakA vahana kara rahA hai / pAThaka isa vyAkhyAko dvAra banAkara yatra tatra dekheMge ki inameM mArya cANakyakA abhUtapUrva rAjanaitika kauzala tathA vyAva. hArikatA kUTa kUTa kara bharI hai| cANakya ke dUradarzI udAra manameM rAjyavyavasthA tathA rASTracaritra nirmANake sambandhameM jitanI sudhAraka yojanAyeM pI ve saba saMkSepase inameM sannihita haiN| Page #23 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi ina sUtroMkA pratyeka zabda cANakya ke hRdayastha jisa gambhIra bhAvasAgarakA vahana kara rahA hai, hameM isa vyAkhyAmeM unake hRdaya kI usa rAjanItivizA. rada dhvaniko apane pAThakoMtaka pahuMcA deneke kartagyase vivaza hokara kahIM kahIM bhrAntizUnya vikalpahIna patyAjya tIna bhASAke prayogake dvArA dezake mabhimata asatyoMpara kaSAghAta karake vizvakalyANakArI satyako prakAza meM lAna:paDA hai| isa kartavyamayI vivaza sthitimeM isa bhASya ke isa kaSAghAtake samAjake yathArtha hitakI bhorase bhIkha mIcakara baiThe hue kucha logoMko kaTu tathA dAhaka pratIta honekI pUrI sambhAvanA hai| hama isake liye apane pAThakose vinayapUrvaka lekhanIke preraka bhAvoM ko samajhane kI prArthanA karate haiN| parantu sAtha hI yaha vizvAsa hamArI lekhanIkA varNanAtIta sahArA bhI banA hulA hai ki hamArI bhASAko samAjasevaka sadhI pAThakoMke mArmika bhAvoMko dhyakta karanevAlI cANakya hRdayakI pratidhvani hone kA gaurava prApta hai / isa. liye isake dezabhakta bhAratIya samAjake liye zravaNamadhura hRdayagrAhI tathA anumodanIya hone meM lezamAtra bhI sandeha nahIM hai| antameM hama nimna do lokoktiyoM ke sAtha apanA prAstAvika samApta karate haiM puruSAH sulabhA rAjan satataM priyavAdinaH / priyasya ca pathyasya vaktA zrotA ca durlabhaH // 1 // ye nAma kecidiha naH prathayantyavakSA jAnanti te kimapi tAn prati naiSa yatnaH // utpatsyate tu mama ko'pi samAnadharmA kAlo hyayaM niravadhivipulA ca pRthvI // 2 // rAjan sadA mukhapara mIThI bAta banAnevAle puruSa to sarvatra mila jAte haiM parantu apriya pathyako kahanevAle aura sunanevAle donoM hI durlabha hote haiN| jo loga hamArI isa racanAko avajJAkI dRSTise dekhate haiM unakA dRSTikoNa dasarA hai| unake lie yaha grandha nahIM racA jA rahA hai| yaha grantha unake liye racA gayA hai jo saMsArameM hamAre jase vicAroMko lekara janma le rahe Page #24 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhUmikA hai yA leNge| nirAzAkA koI kAraNa nahIM hai, kAla ananta hai, pRthvI bhati vistIrNa hai / kabhI kahIM koI to hamArI bAta sunegA hii| cANakyake grantha 1- ghucANakya 108 zloka, 2- vRddhacANakya 250 zloka, 3- cANakya nItidarpaNa 348 zloka, 4- cANakya rAjanItizAstra prAyaH 1000 zloka, 5- kauTalIya arthazAna 6000 zloka parimANaprantha, 6- cANakyasUtra 57 / sUtra / cANakyasUtroMkI prAmANikatAke saMbandhameMisa vyAkhyAmeM 1919 I0 meM maisUra vizvavidyAlayase prakAzita koTa. lIya arthazAstra ke antameM mudrita sUtroM meM kaI apArthaka sUtroM ke hote hue bhI unhIke sabase adhika pracArita hone ke kAraNa unhIM kI 571 saMkhyAko prAmA. Nika mAna liyA gayA hai| isameM anyatra upalabdha sUtrAntara tathA pAThAnta. rokA bhI pUrNa saMkalana kiyA hai| isa TIkAmeM maisara mudrita 571 satroMse 46 sUtra adhika haiN| upalabdha pAThabheda bhI saba diye haiM jo lagabhaga 257 haiN| pAThabheda subhItekI dRSTise kahIM to koThakoM meM tathA kahIM pAThAntara zabda ke sAtha diye gaye haiN| bahutase pAThAntara mUla sUtroM se adhika yuktisaMgata haiN| kahIM kahIM mUla satra apArthaka pratIta ho rahe haiM aura pAThAntara ucita hai / huna saba tathyoMkA ullekha TIkAmeM yathAsthAna kiyA gayA hai| 56 madhika sUtrI tathA mahatvapUrNa pAThabhedoMkI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai / sAdhAraNa pAThabheda anyAkhyAta choDa diye gaye haiM / madhika sUtroM tathA pAThAnta. roMko svataMtra saMkhyA na dekara 571 saMkhyA hI antaryukta kara diyA gayA hai| yaha isa dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai ki pAThakoM ko pracalita sUtrasaMkhyAnusAra sUtra DhUMDhane meM kaThinAI na ho| ye adhika sUtra tathA pATha bheda zrI 5. Izvaracandra zarmA zAstrI, vedAntabhUSaNake 1931 meM kalakatsese mudrita saMskRta vyAkhyA yukta cANakyasUtroMse liye gaye haiN| Page #25 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ baagbaagi unake lekhAnusAra unheM ina sUtroMko cAra Adarza prati milI thiiN| unhoMne unhIMse mUla sUtroM tathA pAThabhedoMkA saMkalana kiyA hai| kisa pratise kaunasA pAThabheda liyA isa viSaya meM unakI lekhanI mauna hai| kalpanA hotI hai mAnanA cAhiye ki unhoMne cAroMse hI pAThabheda liye haiN| cAroM se kaunasIko mukhya rakhakara vyAkhyA sUtrasaMkhyA dI hai yaha nirdeSA bhI unakI lekhanI nahIM kara rahI hai / unako milI cAroM prati nimna prakAra hai-(1) kAlikaTanivAsI zrI govinda zAstrIse prApta, (2) ananta zayanam yantrAlayameM mudrita, (3) maisUra rAjakIya saMgrahAlayake adhyakSa bhAra zrI mahAdeva zAstrIse prApta ( 4 ) maisUra rAjakIya mudraNAlayameM dvitIyA vRttike rUpameM 1929 khriSTAbdameM mudrita kauTalIya arthazAstrake mantameM saMlagna unhoMne jipa pratiko mukhya mAnakara vyAkhyA kI hai usameM ina sUtroMko 6 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| unakI vyAkhyAdhAra prati ke anusAra cANakyasUtroM kI saMkhyA 599 hai / arthAt prathamAdhyAyameM 100+ dvitIyameM 116+ tRtIyameM 79+ caturtha meM 108+ paMcamameM 113+ SaSThameM 83 - saMkalana 599 / isa TokAmeM sUtroMko dI huI 571 saMkhyAke anusAra unake adhyAyoM kA sthAna nimna hai- 101 sUtrapara prathama, 213 para dvitIya, 290 para tRtIya, 392 para caturtha, 502 para paMcama, tathA 571 para SaSTha adhyAya samApta hotA hai| parantu isa adhyAya vibhAgakA koI ucita AdhAra pratIta nahIM hotaa| ina sUtroM meM viSayakrama tathA arthasaMgati donoMkA prAyaH abhAva hai| inameM sUtrakArane rAjacaritra nirmANake sAtha rASTra caritra nirmANako preraNA denekI dRSTi se manameM samaya samayapara mAnevAlI vicArataraMgoMkA jyoM kA tyoM saMkalana kiyA pratIta hotA hai| saMbhAvanA hai ki unheM inako viSayAnu. sAritA dene kA avasara nahIM mila paayaa| inameM rAjanIti, sAmAnyanIti, samAjadharma, apasyavinaya, mAdi vissyoNk| viprakoNa varNana humA hai| Page #26 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhUmikA inameM se avyAkhyAta choDe hue gyAraha satroMkI kurucipUrNatA nIti. vigarhitatA, samAjaghAtakatA, aprAsaMgikatA tathA yuktihInatA masyanta spaSTa hai / inakI vyAkhyAko samAjake mAdarza jJAnI guru vizvamAnavake manorAjyake ekatra samrATa RSi cANakya ke pavitra hRdayake niHzvAsa amRtavarSI jJAnabhaMDArameM sammilita karake isa bhASAke kalevarako kAlimA lima karaneke liye lekhanI udyata hI nahIM huii| kevala mUla granthake pracalita rUpatayA saMkhyAko akSuNNa rakhanekI dRSTi se sUtroMke mUla rUpakA bahiSkAra ucita nahIM mAnA gyaa| vizvAsa hai ki isa vyAkhyA tyAgase bhASyameM pUrNAGgatAbAI hai| pratyeka prakArake pAThakakI dRSTise paThana pAThanake doSoM ko dUra rakhanA hI bhASyakI pUrNAGgatA mAnI gaI hai| kRtajJatA-prakAza gurukula mahAvidyAlaya jvAlApurake pramukha adhyApaka zrI pa. chedI prasAdajI nyAkaraNAcArya tathA vahIM ke mere sabrahmacArI zrI pa. udayavIrajI zAstrI, nyAyasAMkhya yogatIrtha isa vyAkhyAko sunakara kaI upayogI sammatiyoMse isakI zobhAvRddhi meM sahAyaka bane haiN| vArANasIke zrI vizvanAtha pustakAlayake adhyakSa zrIkRSNapantajI, sAhityAcAryane upayogake liye zrI Izvaracandra zarmA, zAstrI vedAntabhUSaNakI sArArthabodhanI TIkA dekara anugRhIta kiyA / ve parama dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| sAhityacarcA lagabhaga paccIsa varSa bIta rahe haiM buddhi sevAzramake bAlakoMmeM vicArazaktiko jagAneke uddezyase brahmavidyAgranthamAlA nAmase sarvathA navIna zailIse pAThya. granthoM kI racanA kI gaI thii| usameMse bhAratakI adhyAtmamUlaka saMskRti marthAt jAgrata jIvana, siddhAntasAra, bAlapraznotarI, bodhasAra, paMcadazI, manuSyajIvanakA lakSya, gItAparizIlana, nAradabhaktisUtra, bhAratIya saMskR. tike anusAra bhAratIya saMvidhAnakI rUparekhA tathA vartamAna vidhAnako prajA. Page #27 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi tantrika AlocanA, zatazlokI, dazazlokI vAkyasudhA tathA bAlagIta mudrita ho cuke haiM / Izvarabhakti, Adarza parivAra ( santAnapAlanakI yogya vidhi ), zikSakakA mArgadarzaka ( Adarza pAThazAlAoM kI yojanA ) grAmasudhAra ( grAmako svataMtra rASTroM kA rUpa dene kI yojanA ), bAlajAgaraNa, bAlodbodhana, jIvanasUtra, bhAvasAgara, samAjavAda, bekArI DareM kyoM ? vyavahArazAstra, bhakti Adi svataMtra grantha amudrita avasthAmeM yogya prakAzakoM kI pratIkSA kara rahe haiN| 26 isake atirikta upadezasAhatrI, gauDapAdakArikA sanatsujAtavAda, adhyAspaTala, vivekacUDAmaNi, sarvavedAntasiddhAntasArasaMgraha, prabodhasudhAkara zrI aAtha zaMkarAcArya ke samasta prakaraNa grantha vedAntastotra, yogadarzana ( zrI sadAzivendra sarasvatIkI TIkAkA hindI rUpAntara ), paMcIkaraNa, paMcIkaraNavArtika ( zrI surezvarAcAryakRta ), gItA guTakA AdikA bhASya bhI nimna pate para yogya prakAzakoMko vinA pArizramika deneke liye prastuta haiM buddhisevAzrama po. ratanagaDha ji. bijanaura (u. pra. ) nivedaka rAmAvatAra Page #28 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi / - - ( sukhakA mUla ) sukhasya mUlaM dharmaH // 1 // dharma ( noti yA mAnavocita kartavyakA pAlana ) sukhakA vivaraNa- jagat ( samAja kA dhAraNa yA pAlana karanevAlI nItimattA yA kartavyapAlana hI manuSyakA dharma hai| dharma ( nIti ) ne hI samasta jagatko dhAraNa kara rakhA hai| nahIM to vaha kabhIkA laDa-jhagaDakara naSTa ho gayA hotaa| adharma ApAtahaSTise sukhakA mUla dIkhanepara bhI duHkhakA mUla hai| dharmapAlanase duHkhadAyI pApakI saMbhAvanAyeM naSTa ho jAtI haiN| mAnasika abhyusthAna aura aihika mabhyudaya donoMko samAna rUpase sAtha-sAtha siddha karanevAlI nIti "dharma" kahAtI hai / isa liye jo loga rAjyAdhikAra lenA aura usase sukha arthAt donoM prakArakA abhyudaya pAnA cAheM ve sAvadhAna ho jAyeM aura usase bhI pahale dharma ( nItimasA ) ko apnaayeN| nItikA anusaraNa kiye binA manuSyako mAnasika abhyutthAnamUlaka saccA sukha prApta nahIM ho sktaa| mAnasika abhyutthAnamUlaka sukha hI sukha hai| mAnasika patanase milanevAlA sukha sukha na hokara sukhabhrama yA ananta duHkha jAla Page #29 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi pustakAntarameM isase prathama yaha svataMtra sUtra upalabdha hai| sA zrIrvo'vyAt // vaha paramasampattidAtrI aizvaryakI adhiSThAtrI devatA rAjyazrI Apa rAjyAdhikAriyoko sumati dekara rakSA kre| vivaraNa- rAjyazrI mApa logoMke pAsa bhAkara mApako zrImadamatta na banAkara, samAjasevAke sarvottama kSetra rAjyasaMsthAkA sucArurUpase saMcAlana karanekI sumati pradAna kare / bhApa loga rAjyako apane rASTrakI pavitra dharohara mAnakara ise rASTrasevAkA tapovana banAkara rakheM / (dharmakA mUla) dharmasya malamarthaH // 2 // dharmakA mUla artha hai| vivaraNa-dharma arthAt nItimattAko surakSita rakhane meM rAjyazrI ( arthAt sudRDha suparIkSita sucintita rAjyavyavasthA ) kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| jagatko dhAraNa karane ( jagatko aihika sabhyudaya tathA mAnasika utkarSa dene) vAlI nItiko rASTra meM surakSita rakhane meM artha arthAt rAjyazrI hI mukhya kAraNa hotI hai / rAjakoSameM daridratA A jAne para prajAmeM anItikI bADha mA jAtI hai| kyoMki taba rAjya ke pAsa anIti rokanevAlA sAdhana nahIM hotaa| rAjyasaMsthA jitanI hI saMpaca aura tejasvI hotI hai, prajA utanI hI nItiparAyaNa rahatI hai| rAjakoSameM daridratA mA jAnepara rASTra-vyavasthA grISmakAlIna kunadiyoMke samAna lupta ho jAtI hai| ( arthakA mUla ) arthasya mUlaM rAjyam / / 3 // rAjya ( rAjyakI sthiratA ) hI artha (dhana-dhAnyAdi saMpatti yA rAjyaizvarya) kA mUla (pradhAna kAraNa ) hotA hai / vivaraNa- rAjyakI sthiratA hI aizvaryako sthira rakhanevAlI vastu hai / aizvaryahIna rAjya paraspara vyAhata bhavyAvahArika kalpanA hai| rAjya to ho para Page #30 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ rAjyakA mUla use sthira rakhanevAlA aizvarya usake pAsa na ho to rAjya sthira nahIM raha pAtA / rAjA aura prajA donoM hI arthase aihika abhyudayavAle karma karake jIvanayAtrA karate haiN| rAjAko rASTra , durga, kulyA, bAMdha, senA, mantrI, rAjakarma: cArI, zastrAstra, raNapota, azva, ratha Adi vividha prakArake yAna Adi saMgraha karake tathA prajAkI rakSA-zikSA bharaNa-poSaNa mAdimeM vipula dhanakI Avazya. katA hotI hai| kyoMki marthAgama rAjyake suprabandhapara hI nirbhara hotA hai, isa liye rAjyAdhikArI loga rAjyako sarvapriya banAkara sthira banAne meM pramAdase kAma na leN| ( rAjyakA mUla ) rAjyamUlamindriyajayaH // 4 // apanI indriyoMpara apanA Adhipatya pratiSThita rakhanA rAjyakA ( rAjyameM rAjyazrI Ane aura usake cirakAla taka ThaharanekA ) sabase mukhya kAraNa hai| vivaraNa- rAjyAdhikAriyoM kI svecchAcAritA, viSayalolupatA aura svArthaparAyaNatA rAjyake liye hAlAhalakA kAma karatI hai / jaba bhogalolupa rAjyAdhikArI rAjazaktike dabAvase apanI vyaktigata bhogecchA pUrI karane ke liye prajAse dhana aiMThanevAle bana jAte haiM, taba vaha rAjya saMsthA prajAke anu. modanase vaMcita hokara naSTa hojAtI hai| rAjya saMsthAko prajAkA hArdika anumodana milate rahaneke liye rAjyAdhikAriyoMmeM svecchAcAritA nahIM mAnI cAhiye / ve apanI svecchAcAritApara pUrA aMkuza rakheM taba hI kisI rAjyakA rAjyaizvarya surakSita raha sakatA hai / rASTra meM rAjyazrIko surakSita rakhaneke liye rAjyake pratyeka karmacArIkA indriyavijayI santa mahAtmA honA anivArya rUpase Avazyaka hai| itihAsa sAkSI hai ki jaba jaba rAjyAdhikAriyoMkI svecchAcAritA nahIM rokI gaI, taba taba rAjAoMke aizvarya prakupita prajAke dvArA anekoM bAra dhUlameM milAye jA cuke haiM / jabataka rAjyAdhikArI loga apanI indriyoMko saMyata rakhanA apanA pavitra kartavya nahIM mAna lete, tabataka Page #31 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 30 cANakyasUtrANi ve rAjyasaMsthAko kabhI surakSita nahIM rakha sakate / indriyoMpara vijaya na pAnevAle rAjyAdhikArI loga janatAko rAjyakA zatru banA lete haiM / avazendriya rAjakarmacAriyoM kI bhUle, snAna karake apane hI Upara dhUla pheMkanevAle hAthI ke samAna rAjya saMsthAko malImasa banA denevAlI hotI hai / viSayalobhI rAjakarmacAriyoMkI bhUleM apanI rAjyasaMsthAko apayaza dilAnevAlI, use azraddheya tathA ghRNAspada banA DAlanevAlI hotI haiM / pAThAntara rAjyasya mUlamindriyajayaH / ( indriyajayakA mUla ) indriyajayasya mUlaM vinayaH // 5 // vinaya hI indriyoM para vijaya pAnekA mukhya sAdhana hai / vivaraNa- vinItoM kI saMgatameM rahakara unase zAsanasambandhI satyAsatyakA vicAra sIkhakara satyako pahacAnakara, satya ke mAdhurya se madhumaya hokara, ahaMkAra tyAgakara satyake bojhake nIce dabakara namra ho jAnA vinaya arthAt satyAdhIna hojAnA hai / pAtrApAtraparicaya, vyavahArakuzalatA, suzIlatA, ziSTAcAra sahiSNutA ucitajJatA, nyAyAnyAyabodha tathA kAryAkAryaviveka Adi saba vinayake hI vyAvahArika rUpa haiM / vinayI manuSyakI indriyAM usakI suvicArita spaSTa mAjJAle binA saMsA rameM kahIM eka paira bhI nahIM DAlatIM / usakI indriyoM ke pairoMmeM zamakI vada bhArI zRMkhalA paDI rahatI hai jo unheM kumArgameM jAne hI nahIM detI / namratA suzIlatA Adi saba vinIta manake dharma haiM / manake dharmaparAyaNa hote hI indriyAM apane Apa vijita ho jAtI arthAt vijita manake prati mAtmasamarpaNa karake rahane lagatI haiN| vinayI mAnava apanI sthiratA tathA dhIratA ke prabhAva se apanI indriyoMpara vazIkAra pAkara rahatA hai / avinIta manuSya avimRzyakArI hotA hai / usakI indriyAM pratyeka samaya use adhikArahIna Page #32 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vinayakA mUla tathA anucita bhogoMke liye uttejita karatI rahatI haiM / rAjyAdhikArI loga apane vinayase hI rASTra ke kokamatako vaza meM rakha sakate haiM / itihAsa batAtA hai ki bahutase rAjA loga bhavinayase aizvarya sahita dhvasta ho cuke haiN| isake viparIta bahutase loga vinayake kAraNa jhopaDoMke nivAsI hokara bhI rAjya pAkara gaye haiM / isaliye rAjyAdhikArI loga pavitra jJAnavRddhoM kI saMgata kiyA kareM aura unase vinaya sIkhakara vinIta bneN| yadi ve vinIta nahIM baneMge to ve mastakase mAlAko utAra pheMkanevAle masta hAthIke samAna rAjyazrIko naSTa-bhraSTa kara DAleMge / vinayake vinA unakI svecchAcAritA rukanA asaMbhava hai aura usake rahate hue unakA rAjya kho baiThanA sunizcita hai / (vinayakA mUla ) vinayasya mUlaM vRddhopasevA // 5 // jJAnavRddhoMkI sevA vinayakA mUla hai| vivaraNa- vinaya arthAt naitikatA, namratA, ucitajJatA, zAsanakuzalatA, Adi rUpoMvAlI satyarUpI sthira saMpatti anubhavI jJAnavRddha logoMkI sevAmeM zraddhApUrvaka bAra bAra jJAnArthI rUpa meM upasthita hote rahane se hI prApta hotA hai| manuSyako jJAnavRddhoMke satsaMgase satyarUpI thira dhana prApta ho jAtA hai / manuSya vidyA, tapasyA aura anubhavase jJAnavRddha banatA hai / jJAnavRddhoMke pAsa jAkara unakI yogya paricaryA karate hue jijJAsu yA zuzrUpu bane rahanA vRddha sevA kahAtI hai| jJAnavRddhoMke pAsa bAra bAra jAte rahanese unakI vidyA, tapasyA tathA unake dIrghakAlIna anubhavoMse lAbha uThAnekA avasara mila jAtA hai / jJAnavRddha loga pAnase bAhara bahanA tyAgakara bhaMDArameM A jAnevAlI zaratkAlIna nadiyoM ke samAna maryAdApAlaka tathA kAryAkAryavivekasaMpanna hote haiM / daNDanIti tathA vyavahArakuzalatAke pATha aise jJAnavRddhoMse hI sIkhe jA sakate haiN| jJAnavRddhoMkI sevAse vinIta rAjA hI prajAko vinaya ke pATha sikhA sakatA hai aura rAjya bhoga sakatA hai| Page #33 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi ( zAsana-kuzalatA sIkhane kA sAdhana ) vRddhasevAyA vijJAnam // 7 // vijigISu manuSya vRddhoMko sevAse vyavahAra kuzalatA yA kartavyAkartavya pahacAnanA sIkhe / vivaraNa- vijJAna arthAt jJAnakI paripakvAvasthA arthAt yathArtha jJAnakI prApti kiMvA apane jJAnako vyavahArabhUmimeM lA khaDA karanekI kalA arthAt kAryakuzalatA yA kartavyAkartavya kA samucita paricaya taba prApta hai, jaba manuSya mAgraha aura zraddhAse jJAnavoMke pAsa nirantara uThatA baiThatA rahatA, unake ghAtAvaraNakA aMga banakara rahatA, unheM apanI bhUleM batAne bhAra unapara ni:zaMka Tokate rahane kA apratidvatta salIma adhikAra dekara rakhatA hai| jJAnavR. doMkI zraddhAmagrI sevAse jahAM binaya prApta hotA hai vahAM vijJAna arthAt kAryakuzalatA bhI A jAtA hai| na sA sabhA yatra na santi vRddhA na te vaddhA ye na vadanti dharmam / nAsau dharmo yatra na satyamasti na tatsatyaM yacchalenAbhyupetam // jina sabhAoM yA samAjoMmeM anubhavI vRddha na hokara avRddha sevI tathA anubhavahIna loga bhara liye jAte yA unhIMkA bolabAlA ho jAtA hai, ve sabhAyeM sabhA, aura ve samAja sabhya samAja nahIM kahe jA sakate / ve vRddha vRddha nahIM hote, jo ( Atmavikraya karake, dalagata rAjanIti ke bhAga [puraje ] banakara apanI svArthakaluSita mahatvAkAMkSA paritRpta karanekI durabhisaMdhise, vyavasthApariSadoMmeM vyavasthAnirmAtA aura sAmAjika vivAda prasaMgoMmeM nirNAyaka banakara jA to baiThate haiM parantu ) dharma yA nyAyakI bAta muMhapara nahIM lA sakate / ( jo dharmake niHzaMka vaktA nahIM hote, ve kisI bhI prakAra vRddha vidvAn yA vivekI nahIM kahe jA sakate ) vaha dharma dharma nahIM hai, jisameM Page #34 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yogya zAsaka bananekI vidhi satya nahIM hai, ( arthAt jisa dharmameM manuSyakI antarAtmA nahIM bola rahI hai, jise manuSya kisI saMsArI prabhAvameM Akara UparavAle manase kahatA hai vaha dharma nahIM hotA ) vaha satya satya nahIM hai, jisameM chalakA mizraNa hotA hai (aura jisameM bAtoMko toDa-maroDakara ghumA-phirAkara kahA jAtA hai / ) (yogya zAsaka bananekI vidhi ) vijJAnenAtmAnaM saMpAdayet // 8 // rAjyAbhilASI loga vijJAna ( vyavahArakuzalatA yA kartavyAkartavyakA paricaya prApta karake ( arthAt satyako vyavahAra bhUmimeM lAkara yA apane vyavahArako paramArthakA rUpa dekara) apane Apako yogya zAsaka banAye / / vivaraNa- AdarzazAsaka tathA caturazAsaka bananA rAjyAbhilASiyoMkA sabase mukhya kartavya hai| apane ko elA banAnA rAjyopArjanase bhI adhika maha. vakA kAma hai| billo ke bhArase TUTe chIMka ke samAna rAjya to ayogya logoM ko bhI mila jAtA hai. paranta catura AdarzazApaka bananA usase kahIM adhika mahatva rakhatA hai| isaliye zAsakIya vibhAgameM jAne ke icchuka loga zAsana vibhAga ko apane svArthasAdhanakA kSetra na samajhakara usameM sevAbhAva se jaayeN| ve zAsa. kIya yogyatA sampAdana ke mahatvapUrNa kAmameM pramAda na kreN| yadi ve isameM pramAda kareMge to na to svayaM kahIMke raheMge aura na rAjyasattAko sthira rahane deNge| . __yadi rAjakIya vibhAgoM meM jAnevAle loga jitendriyatAko apanA bhAdarza banA leM, yogya baneM, apane Apako prajAke sAmane anukaraNIya carita, Adarza puruSake rUpameM rakheM, to anukaraNamArgI saMsAra rAjacaritrakA anusaraNa karake * dharmArUDha ho jAya aura taba duzcAritrya dezase svayameva nirvAsita ho jAya / rAjyAdhikArI logoMke dharmako pAlane laganepara prajAmeM apane mApa dharmakI rakSA hone lagatI hai / bhAratameM ThIka hI kahA hai Page #35 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi AtmAnamAtmanA rakSan cariSyAmi vizAMpate / maiM apane vijJAnI vivekI manase apanI roka-thAma karatA huA rAjyavyavahAra calAyA karUMgA / ( AtmavijayI ) sampAditAtmA jitAtmA bhavati / / 9 / / zAsakocita satya vyavahAra karanA sIkha lenevAlA hI jitendriya ho sakatA hai / vivaraNamanuSya kI satyaniSThA yA kartavyaparAyaNatA hI usakI jitAramatA yA jitendriyatA hotI hai| manuSya ke antarAtmAkI prasannatA nirmalatA svacchatA yA niSkAmatA hI usakI jitAtmatA hai / jitAtmA honA hI saMsAra vijaya hai / nIti tathA vijJAnase yukta mAnavako saMpAditAtmA kahA gayA hai ! satya hI nItikA sAra yA sarvasva hai / satyake vinA manuSyakA AtmavikAsa nahIM hotA / satyadarzanake vinA samasta prajAvarga meM rAjyAdhikAriyoMkI vaha Atmabuddhi ( arthAt samasta prajAvargako apanA hI rUpa dekhanekI vaha udAtta bhAvanA) nahIM ho sakatI jo eka acchA lokakalyANI rAjya calAnevAle rAjAoM yA rAjyAdhikAriyoMkI anivArya AvazyakatA hai 1 jitAsmAkA artha supariSkRta mana tathA supariSkRta indriyoMvAlA banajAnA hai jitAtmA mAnava nyAyAnyAyaviveka karake apanI kSudra pravRttiyoMko, viSakare apane gale meM hI roka rakhanevAle viSakaNTha mahAdeva ke samAna, kabhI na ubharane deneke liye apane mAnasa meM dAbakara baiTha jAtA aura svabhAvase prajAkA pUjya, AdaraNIya tathA zraddheya bana jAtA hai / rAjAko prajAkI dRSTi meM pUjya buddhi milanese rAjakAja apane Apa halkA hotA calA jAtA hai / taba rAjAkA Adarza caritra hI prajApara zAsana karane lagatA hai / yadi rAjA loga nyAyAnyAya tathA kartavyAkartavyakA viveka na rakhakara kevala lolupa hokara uttaradAyitvaddIna manase rAjyazAsana jaise uttaradAyitvapUrNa kAmameM hAtha DAla dete haiM, to ve } Q -------- - Page #36 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jitAtmatAkA lAbha apane sAtha rAjyasattAko bhI le DUbate haiN| rAjanItike AcArya bRhaspati kaha gaye haiM ki- "mAtmavAn rAjA "- rAjA loga acche zAsaka bananeke liye prajApara zAsana karane se bhI pahale apane Upara zAsana karanA siikheN| rAjA yA rAjyAdhikArI loga rAjasattA hAthameM siMbhAlane se pahile apane jIvanoMko beda vedAntoMkI mUrtimatI TIkA tathA bhASyoMkA rUpa dekara rakheM / rAjakIya vibhAgoM meM jAnevAle loga kAna kholakara suna leM ki duSTanigraha aura ziSTapAlana hI rAjya kA mukhya kartavya hai / sociye to sahI ki jo rAjakarmacArI apanI hI duSTa abhilASAmoMpara zAsana nahIM kara sakatA vaha zAsanadaNDakA ucita prayoga kaise kara sakatA hai ? jisase apanA akelA mana vazameM nahIM rakhA jAtA vaha vizAla rASTrako kese vazameM rakha sakatA hai ? ekasyaiva hi yo'zakto manasaH snnivrhnne| mahIM sAgarapayentAM sa katha hAvajaSyati // jo sabase pahale apanI duSTa abhilAdhAoMpara zAsana kara sakegA vahI prajAkI duSTa pravattiyoM ko pakaDa aura roka skegaa| jaise apanI santAnako sudhAranA pitAke mAtmasudhArase alaga vastu nahIM hai isI prakAra prajApara zAsana karanA rAjAke AtmazAsanase alaga koI vastu nahIM hai| rAjyAdhi. kAra saMbhAlanA bahuta baDA uttaradAyitva hai| Adarza manuSya hI rAjyAdhi. kAra saMbhAla sakatA hai| rAjA rAjya-saMsthArUpI tapovanakA kulapati hai| samasta prajAke kalyANa akalyANase sambandha rakhane vAlI rAjya jaisI sArvajanika saMsthAMko apane vyaktigata kSudra svArthoMse bigADa DAlanA dezadroha tathA AramanAza hai| apaneko binA sudhAre rAjyAdhikAra saMbhAla baiThanA magAruDika (sarpa vidyA na jAnanevAle ) kA sAMpoMse khelane jaisA bhayaMkara maniSTa kara DAlanevAlA vyApAra hai| ( jitAtmatAkA lAbha ) jitAtmA sarvArthaH saMyujyeta / / 10 // jitAtmA nItimAna loga samasta saMpattiyoMse saMpanna hokara rahe / vivaraNa- sapanepara vijaya pA cukanepara rAjyasaMsthA meM hAtha DAlanevAle. Page #37 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasutrANi jitendriya loga jisa kAma meM hAtha DAlate haiM use pUrA karake samasta saMpattiyoM se saMpanna ho jAte haiM / aizvarya aura siddhiyAM jitendriyoMke pAsa mAneke liye utAvalI ho jAtI haiN| ve loga sAmAjika kAryoMko apanI nirlipta mAnasika sthiti ke sahArese pauruSake sAtha karane kI yogyatA pA jAte haiN| isIliye Atmavijaya sampatti ke bharjanale pahalA kAma hai / ajitAtmA loga manivArya rUpase satkarmoM meM udAsIna hote haiN| aise kApuruSoMkA anItiparAyaNa honA anivArya hotA hai| anItiparAyaNatA hI rAjya. tantrakI asaphalatA hai| AcArya bRhaspati ne bhI kahA hai- " guNavato rAjyam "- rAjya meM guNI logoMkA hI adhikAra hai| jitendriyatA hI rAjyAdhikAra kI yogyatA yA guNa hai / rAjya karanA kevala vetanArthI. utkocajIvI, nirguNa, udarambhari bhojanabhogaparAyaNa logoMkA kAma nahIM hai / rAjya-saMsthA to sadaguNI logoMkI tapasyAkA pavitra tapovana hai| ghaTanA. cakravaza nirguNoM ko rAjyAdhikAra mila jAnepara unakI rAjya-saMsthAkI durgati aura prajAmeM asantoSa, roSa tathA hAhAkAra phaila jAnA anivArya ho jAtA hai / rAjakIya guNoMse rahita logoMkA rAjyAdhikAra to eka prakArakA lUTakA TekA hotA hai| rAjazaktikA ayogya hAthoM meM bhA jAnA rASTrakA mahAn pAThAntara- jitAtmA savArthaslayujyata / (prajAko saMpannatA tathA rAjabhaktikA kAraNa ) arthasaMpata prakRtisaMpadaM karoti // 11 // rAjAoMkI arthasampattise prajAoke bhI arthakI vRddhi svabhA. vase ho jAtI hai| vivaraNa- zAsana kI suvyavasthA rAjA-prajA donoM ko sampanna banA detI hai| rAjyako mArthika saMpannatA yA usakA aizvaryalAbha hI prajAkI arthavRddhi kara sakatA yA prajAko rAjyasaMsthAmeM anurakta banAkara rakha sakatA hai| (prajAkI guNavRddhikA kAraNa ) pAThAntara- svAmisaMpat prakRtisampadaM karoti / Page #38 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ rASTrakA mahAlAbha rAjyAdhikAriyoMkI nItimattA satyaparAyaNatA tathA vivekitAse prajAmeM nIti, satyaniSThA tathA vivekakI vRddhi ho jAtI hai| yadi rAjA rAjyAdhikArI yA svAmI ukta saMpUrNa rAjakIya guNoMse sampanna hotA hai ( arthAt yadi vaha nItimAna vinayI jJAna-vijJAna-saMpanna hotA hai) to amAtya, rAjakarmacArI tathA prajA bhI ina saba guNoMse saMpanna bana jAtI hai| prajA pApa-puNya, nIti-anIti, nyAya-anyAya Adi pratyeka bAta rAjacaritase sokhatI hai| rAzi dharmiNi dharmiSTAH pApe pApAH same smaaH| rAjAnamanuvartante yathA rAjA tathA prajAH / / rAjAke dharmAtmA hone para prajA dharmAtmA, pApI hone para pApI, sama hone. para sama bana jAtI hai| prajA to rAjacaritrakA anusaraNa kiyA karatI hai / jaisA rAjA hotA hai vaisI hI prajA bana jAtI hai / __ prakRti zabda manmiyoM rAja karmacAriyoM tathA dezake karadAtA nAgarikoM kA vAcaka hai / rAjA sunipuNa tathA pUrNa saMyamI hokara rASTravyavasthAkA saMcA. lana karanepara hI rASTra kI mAnasika tathA bauddhika yogyatA bar3hatI hai / rAjAko samasta prajAko sapane aurasa putroM ke samAna pAlanA cAhiye / rAjA vahI saphala ho sakegA aura vahI cirakAla taka rAjyazrI bhoga sakegA jo prajAko apane hI virATa parivAra ke rUpameM dekhegA aura usake hitAhitameM pUrA pUrA sammilita hokara rahegA / jo rAjA yA rAjakarmacArI apane svArthako prajA yA rASTake svArtha se alaga rakhegA, vaha rASTrakA tathA apanA donoM hI kA nAza karake mAnegA / yahI bAta mArkaNDeya purANameM " prajAH putrAnivArasAn " meM kahI hai| (prajAjanoMkI guNavRddhise rASTrakA mahAlAbha ) prakRtisampadA hyanAyakamapi rAjyaM nIyate // 12 // prajAjanoMke nItisampanna honepara kisI kAraNa rAjAkA abhAva ho jAnepara bhI rAjya suparicAlita rahatA hai| Page #39 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi vivaraNa-- nItimAna rAjAke prabhAva se maMtrigaNa rAjakarmacArI tathA kara denevAlI prajAke pramukha puruSa bhI rAjocita nIti, vinaya, karmakauzala, nyAyAnyAya kAryAkArya vivekase saMpanna ho jAte haiN| taba rAjAke alAdhya rogI yA akasmAt anta ho jAnepara bhI usa rAjyakA paricAlana yathApUrva banA rahatA hai / dezakA janamata yogya rAjyasattAke prabhAvase suzikSita hokara svayaM hI rAjyasaMsthAkA saMcAlaka bana jAtA hai| bAta yaha hai ki janamatake atirikta rAjyasattAko janma denevAlI aura koI zakti nahIM hai / isaliye nItimAna lokamata rAjAke zUnya padapara adhikAra karake banAyaka rAjyakA karNadhAra banakara svayaM hI prajAmeM zAntikA saMrakSaka bana jAtA hai / vaha zAnta vAtA. varaNameM loka kalyANakI dRSTi se rAjAke yogya uttarAdhikArIkA rAjyAbhiSeka karake rAjyako sanAyaka banA letA hai / prabuddha lokamata, rAjAkA anta ho jAne para rAjasiMhAsanako usake ayogya putroM yA anya mahatvAkAMkSI logoMke AghAta-pratighAtoMkI lIlAbhUmi nahIM banane detaa| deza meM zaktizAlI janamata na honepara hI zUnya rAjasiMhAsanapara usake uttarAdhikAriyoM ko prAtmakalaha karanekA avasara milatA hai / rAjAke ayogya uttarAdhikAriyoM ko isa prakAra kalaha karane deneke pariNAmasvarUpa ayogya loga rAjyakI bAgaDora hathiyA lete aura rASTako adhaHpatita kara DAlate haiN| isa prakArake duSTa udAharaNa itihAsoMke pRSThoM ko sadAse kalaMkita karate A rahe haiN| anItiparAyaNa rAjasattAke kuprabhAvase prajAke adhaHpatita . ho jAnekA vartamAna udAharaNa svayaM bhAjakA bhArata hai / nItihIna videzI rAjazaktine yahAMke janamatako jAnabUjhakara nahIM jAgane diyA aura vaha bhArata tyAgane ke avasarapara bhAratameM jo anartha utpanna karake gaI hai, use koI bhI asvIkAra nahIM kara sktaa| yadi bhAratakA janamata suzikSita tathA rAjyazaktikA sthAna grahaNa karanekI yogyatAse samRddha hotA, to na to bhAratamAtAko do vivadamAna ( laDane-jhagaDanevAle ) khaMDoM meM baMTanA paDatA aura na donoM bhAgoMkI rAjasattApara pArTIbAja svArthI logoMkA adhikArasaMgharSa cala paataa| . sUtra vizeSa rUpase isa bAta kA saMketa kara rahA hai ki janamata suzikSita Page #40 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ rASTrakA mahAlAbha hokara yA to svayaM hI rAjazakti banakara rahe yA rAjazaktikA sudRDha netRtva kare, yahI rASTrakI zAntiko surakSita rakhanekA ekamAtra upAya hai| dezake lokamatake isa Adarzako apanAle nepara hI rAjyavyavasthAko ayogya hAthoM meM jAnese rokA jA sakatA tathA zaktizAlI svatantra rASTra kA nirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai / vRddha kaha gaye haiM rAjAnaM prathama vindyAttato bhAryA tato dhanam / rAjanyasati loke'smin kuto bhAryA kuto dhanam // sukhI jIvana bitAneke icchuka loga sabase pahale apane dezameM nyAyakI saMrakSaka, supuSTa, anabhibhavanIya, adamya, aprakampya, adRSya rAjazakti khaDI kareM / isI meM unake kalyANakA rahasya chipA hai| usase pahale patnI aura dhanadhAnyakA saMgraha karanekA koI artha nahIM hai / ye to supuSTa suvizvasta rAja. zakti banAcukane ke pazcAt saMgraha karanekI vastu haiN| suvizvasta rAjazaktike binA bhAryA aura dhana bharakSita ho jAte haiN| rAjazaktikI nirbalatAse apanA sarvasva luTavA kara naSTa huA paMjAba tathA baMgAla isa vRddha pratipAdita siddhAntake duHkhada udAharaNa hai| paMjAba baMgAlavAle udAharaNoMse hamAre rASTra ke logoMko zikSA lenI cAhiye aura apanI rAjazaktiko pavitra aura puSTa banAye rakhanemeM abatakavAlI udAsInatA na baratanI cAhiye / yaha jAna lenA cAhiye ki rAjazakti hamArI hI pratinidhi saMsthA hai| usakA sudhAra hamArA hI AtmasudhAra hai / yadi hama loga apanI rAjazaktiko isI prakAra uttara. dAyitvahIna DholI-DhAlI banI rahane deMge to isa prakArakI durghaTanAoM kI punarAvRtti honA kevala saMbhava hI nahIM pratyuta anivArya hai| isa mUtra ke anusAra " sUtrakA pAThAntara ucita hai| prakRtikopaH sarvakopebhyo garIyAn / / 13 // rAjyake viruddha janaroSa samasta roSoMse bhayaMkara hotA hai| vivaraNa- mAntriyoM, rAjakarmacAriyoM yA kara denevAlI prajAoM meM rAjya ke Page #41 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi viruddha ropa utpanna hojAnA samasta anarthoMse bhayaMkara hai / prajAvargakI zubhecchA aura svIkRti dI rAjyasaMsthAkA mUla hai / janamatameM rAjyasaMsthA ke saMbandhameM kSobha yA roSa utpanna hojAnA, rAjyasaMsthAke liye mahA aniSTakArI hai / jaba prajAvarga rAjyake duSprabandha tathA duSTa rAjakarmacArI rUpI bheDiyoM ke utpIDanoM se trasta hokara, kAnUnako hAthameM le leneke liye vivaza kara diyA jAtA hai taba rAjyasaMsthAnoMke naSTa honemeM eka kSaNa bhI nahIM lagatA / eka balavAna nArA laganekI dera hotI hai ki rAjyasaMsthA dhUla meM mila jAtI hai / isaliye rAjyAdhikArI loga janatAmeM apanI rAjyasaMsthA ke prati kSobha paidA karanevAle kAmoMse baceM, prajA duHzAsana, anyAya, utpIDana, durbhikSa, bhUkampa, mahAmArI, jalapralaya, kuzikSA, bhraSTAcAra, utkoca Adi kaSToM se kupita ho jAtI, rAjyasaMsthAse dveSa mAnane lagatI, aura antameM droha karanepara utara AtI hai / prajAkA rAjya ke prati roSa mahAmAriyoM tathA vaidezika AkramaNoMse bhI adhika vinAzaka hotA hai / isaliye prajAko zAnta tathA rAjyasaMsthAkA premI banAkara rakhanA rAjyAdhikAra saMbhAla kara baiThanevAloMkA sabase pahalA kAma hai / rAjyasaMsthAkA jIvana aura sthiratA prajAMkI mAnasika santuSTipara hI nirbhara hotA hai / prajAke asantuSTa rahanepara acira bhaviSya meM rAjyasaMsthAkI hAni tathA rASTrakI durgati anivArya ho jAtI hai / 14 aNurapyupahanti vigrahaH prabhumantaH prakRtiprakopajaH / akhilaM hi hinasti bhUdharaM taruzAkhAntanigharSajI'nalaH // ( bhAravi ) jaise vRkSa kI zAkhA ke agrabhAga ke saMgharSaNa se utpanna abhi akele usI vRkSako nahIM kintu usa samasta parvatako tathA usa samasta vanako phUMka DAlatA hai, jisameM vaha vRkSa khaDA hotA hai, isI prakAra rAjya ke kisI bhI kSudra se kSudra vyakti nyAyasaMgata roSa se utpanna choTAsA bhI vigraha samagra prabhusattAko dhUla meM milA DAlanevAlA bana jAtA hai / isaliye rAjyAdhikArI loga prajAke roSako Page #42 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paMcAyatI rAjyakI kalpanA kSudra rUpameM na dekhakara bhAvI pariNAmoMko sahasraguNA karake dekheM aura use utpanna na hone dene kI pUrI sAvadhAnI rkheN| ( paMcAyatI rAjya kI kalpanA ) avinItasvAmilAbhAdasvAmilAbhaH zreyAn // 14 // ayogyako rAjA banAnese kisIko rAjA na banAnemeM rASTrakA kalyANa hai / ayogya ekAdhipatyase rAjyako paMcAyatI rAjakA rUpa denA hitakara hai| vivaraNa- nItihIna, satyahIna, samuddhata, anyAyI, atyAcArI, svArthI manuSyako rAjA banAnese rAjahIna rahanA hI rASTake liye hitakArI hotA hai| rAjA banAneke liye koI vinIta vyakti na mile to rAjA banAnekI yogyatA tathA adhikAra rakhanevAle suzikSita janamatakA manivArya kartavya ho jAtA hai ki rAjyatantrako apane hI hAthoM meM rakhakara gaNatantratAko sthApanA kara le| kisIko rAjA banAnA rAkI anivArya mAvazyakatA nahIM hai| sumya. vasthAmAtra rASTrakI anivArya rUpase vAMchanIya mAvazyakatA hai| satyahIna rAjAko siMhAsanArUDha na rahane denA tathA satyAniSTako hI rAjA banAnA janamatakA hI uttaradAyitva hai aura yaha usIkA pavitra kartavya bhI hai| jana. matakI satyAnukUla sAmUhika icchAyeM hI rAjazakti haiM / yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM ki satya hI rAjazakti hai| dezakA janamata satyahIna vyaktiko rAjA na banAne yA haTA denepara apanI svatantra sAmUhika cintAzaktise azAntikAra damana karanevAlI zaktiyoM ko apane hAthameM lenekA avasara pAtA hai| jaba dezakA suzikSita janamata mila-julakara apanI sAmUhika sadicchAse rAjya sattA saMbhAlaneke liye khaDA ho jAtA hai taba usake liye rAjyasaMcAlana kaThina kAma nahIM rahatA / parivartanase Darakara satyahIna rAjAko rAjA rahane dene aura satyahIna rAjakarmacArIko rAja karmacArI banAye rakhanemeM, yaha doSa rahatA hai ki ye loga apane padoMpara rahakara prajAkI azAntidamanakAriNI zaktiyoko dAbakara baiTha jAte haiM aura deza meM azAntikI jvAlAko bhaDakate rahaneko Page #43 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi chUTa dete rahate haiN| aisI avasthAmeM lokamatakA kartavya ho jAtA hai ki satyahIna vyaktiko rAjA na rahane deM tathA satyahIna rAjakarmacArIko usake padase haTAkara mAne / rAjyasattAke duSTanigraha, ziSTapAlana tathA suzAsana ye tIna kAma haiN| ye tIna kAma na karanevAlI nItihIna rAjyasattA yA rAjAkI saMpattiyeM zIghra naSTa ho jAtI haiN| dvAvimau grasate bhUmiH so bilazayAniva / arakSitAraM rAjAnaM brAhmaNaM cApravAsinam // ( vidura ) bila ke nivAsI cUhe mAdi jantuoM ko khAjAnevAle sAMpake samAna bhUmi bhI arakSaka rAjA tathA guNasaMgraha ke liye pravAsa na karanevAle brAhmaNa, ina donoM ko prapa letI haiN| pAThAntara- 'avinItasvAmibhAvAdasvAmilAmaH zreyAn / ' svAmIke avinIta hone se svAmihIna rahanA zreSTha hai| sampAdyAtmAnamanvicchet sahAyavAn // 15 // rAjA apaneko rAjocita guNoMse sampanna banAkara apane hI jaise guNo sahAyakoM yA sahadharmiyoMko sAtha rakhakara rAjabhAra lenA caahe| vivaraNa- jaba rAjA yA rAjyAdhikArI pahale apane Apako apanI indriyoM ko tathA manako nIti, satya, vinaya Adi zAsakocita guNoM se sampanna banA leM (jaba ve sarva prakArake kaluSita AcaraNoMse atIta rahanekA sudRDha nizcaya kara leM ) taba hI rAjya saMsthA meM hAtha lagAyeM aura taba bhI yogya guNo sAdhi. yoMko sAtha lekara usameM jAnA cAheM / rAjyasaMsthAmeM ekatantratA ekachatratA yA nirbAdha bhogasukhake mUDha sapane na dekheM | ve apane Apako buddhimAna sadAcArI vyavahArakuzala mantrI, purohita, bhamAsya,bhRtya Adi hitaiSiyoMkI sadicchAoMkA anuyAyI banAye rakhakara hI sukha samRddhi cAheM aura sahAyaka Page #44 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paMcAyatI rAjyakI kalpanA hIna honekI bhUla kabhI na kreN| apane aise dhArmika prabhAvazAlI guNI sAthI rakheM jo rAjakIya pramAda, manyAya yA atyAcArakA prabala virodha kara sakeM aura use roka sakeM / cATukAroMko apanA sAthI na bnaayeN| rAjyoMkI sthiratA, samaddhi, yaza aura saphalatA sahAyakoMkI hI yogya choTapara nirbhara karatI hai| rAjA loga zaurya, jJAna, vijJAna tathA nItise saMpanna sahakarmiyoM ko laghubuddhise upekSita na kara baiThe / pAThAntara- sampAdyAtmAnamanvicchet sahAyAn / rAjA apaneko yogya banAkara apane yogya sahakArI niyata kare / nAsahAyasya mantranizcayaH // 16 // mantripariSadkI bauddhika sahAyatAse hIna akelA rAjA apane akele sImita anubhavoMke balase rAja jaise sudUravyApI jaTila kartavyoMke viSayameM ucita nirNaya nahIM kara sktaa| vivaraNa-"saba, sabakucha nahIM jAna sakate" kI lokoktike anusAra eka manuSya ke apane parAye rASTroM kI paristhitiyoMse paricita na hosakaneke kAraNa svapararASTra saMbaddha kartavyoMke nirNaya meM svadezasaMbaMdhI tathA vaidezika donoM prakArakA anubhava rakhanevAle sUkSmadarzI, pratibhAzAlI, anAgatavidhAtA, pratyutpatramati, anubhavI vidvAn mantriyoMse mantraNA karanA Avazyaka hotA hai / svarASTra pararASTra ke saMbaMdha socate samaya donoM rASTroM kI samasta paristhi. tiyeM tathA AvazyakatAyeM citralikhitake samAna dhyAnameM honI cAhiye aura sasa dhyAnase apane rASTrakI samasta AvazyakatAoMkI rakSA honI cAhiye / una una viSayoMke vizeSajJa mantriyoMke binA na to svarASTrapararASTraviSayaka ucita saMvAda cala sakate aura na una saMvAdoM meM se koI lAbhakArI pariNAma nikAlA jA sakatA hai / isaliye rAjyAdhikAriyoMko prabhAvazAlI buddhimAn mantriyoM kI bhAvazyakatA rahatI hai| "sahAyatAdhyatvaM rAjyatvam" rAjyasaMsthA vyaktigata saMsthA nahIM hai / Page #45 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi isameM sahAyakoM kI anivArya mAvazyakatA hai| rAjyakI samasyAyeM samasta rASTrakI samasyAyeM hotI haiM / isaliye rAjA yA rAjyAdhikArI loga apane rAjyameM se vyavahArakuzala caritravAn sarvazreSTha buddhimAnoMkA saMgraha karake, unake anubhavoMse lAbha uThAkara, apane rASTrako vipattiyoM se bhI bacAyeM aura saMpana bhI kreN| mahAmantrI, senApati, rAjyazreSThI, pradhAna nyAyAdhIza, rAjyake cAra sarvazreSTha vyakti, saba prakArakI senAoM ke eka eka mukhiyA, purohita, amAtya bhAdi rAjAke sahAyaka kahAte haiM / samAjake lalAmabhUta ina yogya adhikAriyoMke kAraNa bhAratake ekachatra kahalAnevAle rAjya bhI sadAse prajAtaMtra rahate Arahe haiM / vayaskamatAdhikAra nAmavAlA yoropase bhAratameM udhAra lAyA humA prajAtaMtra isaliye prajAtaMtra nahIM hai ki vayaska hojAnemAnase kisIkA mana itanA saMskRta nahIM ho jAtA ki usake mukhase samasta prajAkI sadicchAyeM vyakta hone lageM / rAjyAdhikArapara prajAke tapasvI vyavahArakuzala vidvAnoMkA prabhAvazAlI hokara rahanA hI prajAtaMtra kahalA sakatA hai| prajAkI sAmUhika sadicchAoMkA rAjyatantrapara prabhAvazAlI (hAvI) rahanA hI to prajAtaMtra kI paribhASA hai / prajAke niSkarSabhUta yogya sadAcArI vyavahArakuzala vidvAnoM ke mukhase prajAkI sadicchAyeM na kevala vyakta apitu rAjyataMtrapara prabhAva rakhanevAlI hokara usa ekataMtra dIkhanevAle rAjyako bhI prajAtaMtra hI banAye rakhatI haiM / rAjAko vyavahArakuzala sadA. cArI vidvAnoMko sadA apanA sahayogI banAye rakhanA cAhiye / rASTrIya karta. jyoMke viSaya meM ina saba logoMkA aikamatya hojAnA hI 'mantra', kahAtA hai| naikaM cakraM paribhramayati // 17 // jaise rathakA akelA cakra rathako nahIM calA pAtA isI prakAra rAjA tathA mantripariSadpI do cakroMse hIna ekatantra rAjya ratha akAryakArI ho jAtA hai| vivaraNa- rAjya meM ekatantratAke supane dekhanevAlA rAjA rAjyasaMsthAko mavyavasthita karake rASTra meM arAjakatA phailAnevAlA banajAtA hai / sahAyasAdhya Page #46 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mantrotpAdana sArvajanika kAryoM meM akele akele manuSyoMkI koI upayogitA nahIM hotii| anubhavI mantriyoMkI vyavahArakuzala sammatiyoMke binA akelA rAjA rASTra meM anartha khaDA kara detA hai / rAjya rAjAoMkI pArivArika samasyA nahIM hai| isameM unheM rASTra ke vyavahArakuzala dUradarzI viziSTa puruSoM kI sahAyatA lenI hI cAhiye / isIliye kauTalIyameM kahA hai sahAyasAdhyaM rAjatvaM cakramekaM na vartate / kurvIta sacivAMstasmAtteSAM ca zRNuyAnmatam // rAjadharma yogya sahAyakoMke sAhAyyase hI pAlA jAtA hai / isaliye rAjA bhAcAryoM tathA mantriyoM kI bAta dhyAnase sune aura tadanusAra AcaraNa karake apane rAjadaNDadhAraNako sArthaka kre| pAThAntara-naikaM cakraM paribhramati / __ sahAyaH samaduHkhasukhaH // 18 // sukha-duHkha donoM meM abhinnahRdaya sAthI hokara rahanevAlA maMtrI Adi sahAyaka kahAtA hai / vivaraNa- sukha-duHkhakA ekasA anubhavitA aura duHkhakA ekasA pratikartA hI sahAyaka mAnA jAtA hai / sukha-duHkhameM taTastha rahanevAlA sahAyaka yA hitaiSI nahIM mAnA jaasktaa| sahAyaka loga samazakti, dInazakti tathA prabalazakti tIna prakArake hosakate haiM / yaha meda unakI paristhitipara nirbhara karatA hai| ye tInoM prakAra ke sahAyaka samAnabhAvase apanAne yogya hote haiN| pAThAntara-- sahAyaH samo duHkhasukhayoH / (mantrotpAdana) mAnI pratimAninamAtmani dvitIyaM mantramutpAdayet // 19 // samunnatacetA svAbhimAnI rAjA prabandhasaMbandhI jaTila samasyAoMke upasthita honepara apane hI bhItara dUsare pratimAnI vicArAtmaka mantrako utpanna kara liyA kare aura nigUDha kAryoMke viSayameM sabase pahale usa mantrake sahArese socA kare / Page #47 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi vivaraNa - rAjA vicAraNIya samasyA ke anukUla, pratikUla donoM rUpoM yA karane na karane athavA anyathA karaneke samasta parimANoMpara dRSTi DAlane ke liye upasthita vicAraNIya kartavyakA virodha karanevAlI pratikUla yuktiyoM ko bhI vicAracakSuke sAmane lA lAkara apane nirNayako abhrAnta tathA akhaNDanIya rUpa dekara kartavyakA nirNaya kiyA kare | vaha ina kAryoMke viSaya meM anukUla, pratikUla donoM pakSoMko svayaM hI upasthita karanevAlA svayaM hI sammati mAMgane aura svayaM hI sammati denevAlA dvibhAgAtmaka bana bana kara kartavyakA nirNaya kiyA kare / 20 kinnu me syAdidaM kRtvA kinnu me syAdakurvataH / iti saMcintya karmANi prAzaH kurvIta vA na vA // buddhimAn manuSya apane upasthita kAryake viSaya meM maiM isa kAmako karUMgA to usakA kyA pariNAma aura prabhAva hogA ? tathA na karUMgA aura viparIta karUMgA to usakA kyA pariNAma aura prabhAva hogA ? yaha saba pUrNAMga rUpase vicAra cukanepara ucita samajhe to kare aura ucita na samajhe to na kare / manuSya gahanakAryoMke viSaya meM svayaM hI donoM pakSa upasthita karanevAlA dvibhAgAtmaka bana bana kara kartavyanirNaya kiyA kare / isI abhiprAya se "" rAjA prajJAsahAyavAn " kahA gayA hai / kartavyakAlameM kartavyanizcaya ke liye AtmAbhimukha honepara vahAM se mantrArthI manuSyako eka nirapekSa mantra yA svatantra sammati prApta hotI hai / yaha sammati mAnavake antarAtmAse prastuta hokara bhAtI hai / isIko "AtmAmeM pratimAnImantrakA utpAdana " kahA jA rahA hai / sUtra kahanA cAhatA hai ki vicArazIla manuSya bAhyamantraNAdAtA ke abhA meM apaneko asahAya na mAna liyA kare aura mantriyoMpara kartavyakA samagra bhAra DAlakara samasyA se asaMpRkta na hojAyA kre| vaha samajhe ki mantraNAdAtA usIke mana meM sadasadvicArabuddhikA rUpa lekara raharahA hai / apane hRdayastha usa mantraNAdAtAko apanI ubhAvanI zaktise apanI kalpanAmeM jAprata karake apane jJAnakaNase usakA avyartha upadeza sunA kare aura usase kartavyapAlana meM abhrAnta bane / Page #48 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mantrIkI niyukti 21 ( mantrIkI niyukti ) pAThAntara - mAnI pratipattimAnAtmadvitIyaM mantriNamutpAdayet // svayaM apanI sUjhabUjha rakhanevAlA mAnI ( samunnatacetA sammAnArha vicArazIla svAbhimAnI yazasvI ) rAjA apanA dUsarA yogya sAthI banAne ke liye sacivalakSaNoMse yukta apane anukUla kisI sadguNI svarASTravAsI vyaktiko pradhAnamantrI ke rUpameM niyukta kare / vivaraNa - yazasvI, prAjJa, samRddha, utsAhI, prabhAva saMpanna, kaSTasahiSNu, kaThorakarmA, zuci, miSTavyavahArI tathA rAjasaMsthAke sAtha sudRDha anurAga rakhanevAlA svarASTravAsI vyakti maMtrI honA cAhiye / yaha kauTalIya arthazAstrameM varNita hai / mantriyoM ke lakSaNoM ke viSaya meM matsyapurANaseM likhA hai- ki mantrI bhakta, zuci, zUra, AjJAnuvartI, buddhimAn, kSamI, kAryAkAryavivekI, tarkazAstra, vArtAzAstra, trayI tathA daNDanIti AdikA vidvAn sudezaja aura svadezaja honA cAhiye / rAjAko cAhiye ki mukhya mantrIke atirikta anya maMtriyoM se maMtraNA karane ke prasaMgapara unheM kalpita ghaTanAyeM batA batA kara unapara isa prakAra sammati liyA kare ki aisA ho to kyA karanA cAhiye ? maMtrake viSaya meM mukhya maMtrIke atirikta kisIkA bhI vizvAsa karanA aura kisIko bhI mantra batA denA kalyANakArI nahIM hai / isaliye mantraNAke viSaya meM kevala isa eka suparIkSita vyavahArakuzala upadhAzuddha pradhAnamantrI ke sAtha mAlocanA karake hI kisI viSayakA antima nirNaya kare aura yaha pradhAnamantrI usa nirNayako gupta rakhanekA pUrNa uttaradAyI ho| isase nizcaya karanA isaliye Avazyaka hai ki rAjakIya nirNayoM meM dUsare vijJapuruSakI buddhiyoMkA sahayoga apekSita hotA hai / isaliye rAjA loga svanizcita bAtako bhI apane pradhAnamantrI se punarnizcaya karAyeM / usa kartavya ke viSayakI savistara AlocanA ke liye pradhAnamantrI apane vibhAgoM ke bahuta se vizeSajJoMke sAtha maMtraNA karake kartavyakA Page #49 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi svarUpa to nizcita karaleM parantu antima nirNaya na kare / usake viSaya meM antima nirNaya hI mantra kahatA hai / antimanirNaya kevala do vyakti kareM / vaha mantra kevala pradhAnamaMtrI tathA rAjAko hI jJAta ho / ina donoMke atirikka tIsare kisI bhI vyaktiko mantra ke svarUpakA, phalase pahale jJAna na ho sakane kI sudRDha vyavasthA honI cAhiye / 22 ( mantraNAke ayogya ) avinItaM snehamAtreNa na maMtre kurvIta // 20 // satyahIna ( kAryAkAryavivekahIna ) vyaktiko kevala snehI honese hitakArI rahasyoMkI AlocanAmeM sammilita na kare / vivaraNa - aisA karanA saMkaTazUnya nahIM hai / kauTalya meM kakSA hai-" kAryasAmarthyAt puruSasAmarthyaM kalpate " / kAryakI gurutA tathA usake sampAdanakI yogyatA ayogyatA se hI kartAkI zaktikI kalpanA hotI hai / usIse use yogya yA ayogya ThaharAyA jAtA hai / kAryoMkI nipuNatA dI mantriyoM kA sAmarthya mAnA jAtA hai / ( maMtrI kI yogyatA ) zrutavantamupadhAzuddhaM mantriNaM kuryAt // 21 // tarkazAstra, daNDanIti, vArtA Adi vidyAoMke pAraMgata tathA gupta rUpase lI huI lobhaparIkSAoMse zuddha pramANita vyaktiko maMtrI niyukta kare / " vivaraNa -- kauTalIyameM maMtrIke guNa nimnaprakAra varNita haiN| maMtrI svadezaja zuddhavaMzaja udAtta saMbandhiyoMvAlA, rAjakIya pramAdapara rAjAko dRDhatA se roka aura Toka sakanevAlA, samasta prakArake yAnoMke saMcAlana tathA vAhanameM kuzala, yuddha, AyuSa, gAndharva Adi vidyAoM meM pAraMgata, arthazAstrakA jJAtA, svAbhAvika sUjhavAlA, avismaraNazIla avikatthanazIla zIghrakArI madhurasa citabhASI, atyanta catura, pratikAra tathA prativacana meM samartha, puruSArthI, Page #50 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mantrIkI yogyatA prabhAvayukta kaSTasahiSNu, zuddhasnigdhavyavahArI, suraDha rAjAnurAgI, zIla, bala, bhArogya tathA buddhisaMpanna, garvahIna namra, sthirabuddhi, saumyamUrti, tathA nivaira honA caahiye| mantramalA: sormbhaaH|| 22 // bhaviSyameM kiye jAnevAle saba kAma maMtra arthAt kAryakramakI pUrvakAlIna sucintAse hI susampanna hote haiN| vivaraNa- usa usa viSayake vizeSajJoMke sAtha una karmAkI vidhiyoM, sAdhanoM tathA kartAmoMkI sAMgopAMga cintA hI samasta karmoMkI mUla arthAt prAraMbhika AdhArazilA hai| kauke samasta upakrama maMtrapUrvaka honepara hI samI. cIna hote haiM / taba unake suphalotpAdaka honekA sunizcita vizvAsa hojAtA hai / socakara kiye hue karma hI samIcIna hote haiM / sucintita vacana tathA sucintita kArya kabhI nahIM bigaDate / saba karmoMkI sthiratA mora dRDhatAkI rakSA karanekA mUla mantraNAmeM hI rahatA hai| hitAhitavicArakI gupta bAteM "mantra" kahAtI haiM / apane rASTrakI suSyavasthA tathA pararASTra ke sAtha sandhi, vigraha mAdi kAryoMke svarUpakAkA nirdhAraNa cintApUrvaka karanA par3atA hai| karma karane se pahale karmakI svarUpacintA kara. lenI cAhiye / usake pazcAt use karanA cAhiye / yahI saphalatAkA sunizcita mArga hai / isaliye rAjA loga kisI avicArita kAmako hAtha na lagAkara pratyeka kAmameM ,mantrakI nItiko apanAyeM / mahAmati cANakyane mantraNAmeM vicAraNIya pAMca viSayoM kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai__ karmaNAmArambhopAyaH, puruSadravyasaMpat , dezakAlavibhAgo, vinipAtapratikAraH kAryasiddhizceti / 1- kA~ko prAraMbha karaneke upAya, 2- puruSa tathA apekSita dravyoMkI upasthiti, 3- kAryayogya deza tathA kAlakA ucita nirNaya, 4- bigaDe kAryakA sudhAra tathA 5- karmakI sthiti, vRddhi Adi tathA usake upAyoMkA nirIkSaNa / Page #51 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi 1-karmoMkA bhArambha aura unake upAya- apane deza meM kahAM khAI, durga, bhavana, kulyA, prapAta, jhIla, vidyAlaya, bhAturAlaya, pAnthazAlA, senAniveza mAdi banAne haiM ? aura ve kaise banAne haiM ? unake liye kyA kyA prArambhika kAryavAhI karanI hai ? 2- dUsare rASTroMse sandhi, vigraha Adi karane ke liye kahAM kise dUta banA kara bhejanA hai ? durga, pota, kulyA, bAMdha mAdi nirmANoM ke liye nirmANakuzala zilpI loga kahAMse kaise prApta karane haiM ? lohA lakI cUnA patthara Adi nirmANasAmagrI kahAMse, kaise lAnI hai ? deza videzoMse samAcAra lAnevAle dUta tathA senApati Adi mahatvapUrNa padoMpara kina kina puruSoMko niyukta karanA hai ? sonA, cAMdI, dhanadhAnyAdi kahAMse kaise prApta karane haiM ? kise kisa kAma ke liye kitanA dhana, kisa kisa prakAra kitane bArameM denA hai ? ityaadi| 3- kauna kAma, kisa sthAnapara, kisa Rtu aura kila paristhiti meM karanA hai ? kartavyakI bhaugolika sthiti kaisI hai ? vahAM kisa Rtu aura paristhi. timeM kAma ThIka hosakatA hai| dezameM sabhikSa rakhane aura darbhikSa haTAne ke liye kyA kyA upAya karane haiM ? karma sadA hI deza, kAla aura vizeSa pari. sthitikI anukUlatA cAhA karatA hai| 4- amuka bigaDe kAmako kaise sudhAranA hai ? rASTrIya kAryoMkI vipattiyAM kaise haTAnI haiM ? ativRSTi, anAvRSTi, mUSaka, zalabha, TiDDI, tote, mAkA. maka rAjA tathA mAbhyantara rASTrakaNTakoMse rASTrako kaise bacAnA hai ? 5- kaunase kAryakI kaisI sthiti hai ? kaunase kAmako kaise vaddhi denI hai ? kaunase kAmako sAma, dAma, daNDa, bheda Adi kisa kisa upAyase siddha karanA hai ? __ ye mantrake pAMca aMga haiM / kArya ina sabake pUrNAMga vicArase hI siddha hote haiN| karmase pUrva hI kamopayogI samasta cintana pUrNa hojAnA caahiye| karmake madhyameM usake sambandhameM kucha bhI socanA zeSa na rahajAnA caahiye| Page #52 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mantrIkI yogyatA mantrarakSaNe kAryasiddhirbhavati // 23 // kAryasaMbandhI hitAhitacintArUpI mantrako gupta rakhanese hI kArya siddha hopAtA hai| vivaraNa- kAryoMke uddezya, unake sAdhana, unake sthAna, unakI vidhi gupta rakhanese hI kArya nirvighna hote haiM / kAryasiddhise pahale usakA patA zatruoMko cala jAnepara unheM use vyartha karanekA avasara mila jAtA aura kArya siddha hone se raha jAtA hai / mantrarakSAkA sudRDha prabandha na honepara mantra. phUTa jAtA hai| __ yadi koI uttaradAyitvavAlA maMtrI mantrabheda kara de to " ucchiyet mantrabhedI" isa kauTalya ke anusAra use maravA DAlanA cAhiye / bRhaspatine kahA hai ki "mantramulo vijayaH" vijaya arthAt saba kAryoM meM saphalatA mantroMse hI milatI hai| maMtrabhedase rAjyoMke yogakSema naSTa hojAte haiM / mAntriyoMke bhI kucha mantrI hote haiM, tathA unake bhI kucha zrotA tathA mantraNAdAtA hote haiN| yahI paramparA mantrabheda kiyA karatI hai / isaliye rAjA jisa kisI mantrI se maMtraNA na karake kevala pradhAnamantrIse kare aura vaha usakI surakSAkA pUrNa uttaradAyI ho / uma pradhAnamantrIko mAvazyakatA pratIta ho to vaha apane usa viSayake vizeSajJoMse mantraNA karake bAtakA mame jAna kara usapara rAjAke sAtha vicAra vimarza karake antima nirNayapara phuNce| pAThAntara-mantrasaMvaraNe kaarysiddhirbhvti| mantravisAvI kArya nAzayati / / 24 / / kisI bhI prakArakI asAvadhAnatAsa mantrakI gopanIyatAko surakSita na rakha sakanevAlA kAryako naSTa bhraSTa kara DAlatA hai| vivaraNa-- asAvadhAnatA, mada, svapnavipralApa, viSayakAmanA, gave, guptazrotA, mantrakAla meM mUDha yA avodha samajhakara na haTAyA humA vyakti Page #53 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi ekAntameM vicArase nirNIta gupta bAtako bAhara phailA detA hai| ina sabase mantrako rakSA karanI caahiye| isa viSayapara bhAradvAja, pArAzara, vizAlAkSa, pizuna, bRhaspati, uzanA, manu, vAtavyadhi, kauTilya tathA bAhudantIputroMke mantavya, kauTalya arthazAstra tathA mozanasa sUtroMmeM ullikhita haiN| pAThAntara-mantraniHsrAvaH sarva nAzayati / hAni karanevAloM ko guptarUpase vicArita mantraNAkA patA cala jAnA cintita samasta kAryako naSTa kara DAlatA hai| pramAdAda dviSatAM vazamupayAsyati // 25 // yadi rAjA yA rAjyAdhikArI mantrarakSAmeM thoDAsA bhI pramAda kareMge arthAt mantra sunaneke anadhikArI vyaktiyoMse kartavyakI gopanIyatAko surakSita na rakha sakeMge to ve apanA rahasya zatruoMko dekara unake vazameM cale jaayeNge| sarvadvArebhyo mantro rakSitavyaH // 26 // mantra phUTa nikalane ke samasta dvAroMko roka kara usakI rakSA karanI caahiye| vivaraNa- mantra zatru yA usake kisI hitaiSIke pAsa taka nahIM jAnA cAhiye / mantrako rakSA use kisIke bhI pAsa na jAne dene kI pUrI sAva. dhAnIse hI ho sakatI hai| zatru, pizana, lobhI, chidrAnveSI loga mantrabheda kiyA karate haiM / athavA-mantralekha dhAdi sAdhanoMkI bharakSAse bhI mantrabheda hotA hai| eka rASTra dUsare rASTrakA bheda lene ke liye nAnAvidha kuTila upAyokA prayoga karatA hai / una saba kuTila prayogoMse apane mantrako rakSA karanA atyanta gambhIra kartavya hai / jaise koSAgArakA praharI bhuzuNDI hAthameM lekara Tahala Tahala kara jAgarUka rahakara usakI rakSA karatA rahatA hai, usI prakAra rASTranirmAtA mantroMpara bhI kaThora paharA rahanA cAhiye / cANakyane kahA Page #54 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mantrIkI yogyatA hai- ' pracchanno'vamato vA mantraM bhinatti / ' yA to zatru gupta rahakara mantra ko leuDatA hai yA koI bheda jAnanevAlA rAjakarmacArI kisI aparAdhapara nirbhasita daNDita yA kAryabahiSkRta kara deyejAnepara dveSAdhIna hokara mantrako zatruoM ko dedetA hai / jaise yogI loga samasta indriyadvAroMko rokakara nirupadrava hokara yogAnuSThAna karate haiM, isI prakAra mantraNA karanevAle rAjA yA rAjyAdhikArI loga mantrasaMgopana meM apanI saMpUrNa buddhi aura satarkatA vyaya kara DAleM / tasmAnnAsya pare vidyaH karma kiMcizcikIrSitam / ArabdhArastu jAnIyuH ArabdhaM kRtameva vA // 27 kauTalIya arthazAstra. rASTra ke kisI bhI cikIrSita kAmako usakI cikIrSita avasthAtaka koI bhI dUsarA vyakti na jAnane pAye / Arambha karanevAle loga bhI use kevala taba jAneM jaba vaha kAma prArambha kara diyA jAye / zeSa logoM ko to vaha kAma pUrA kiyA jA cukanepara hI patA calanA cAhiye / mantrasampadA hi rAjyaM vardhate // 27 // mantrakI pUrNa surakSA tathA usakI pUrNAGgatA arthAt nirdoSatAse hI rAjyazrI kI vRddhi hotI hai vivaraNa - rASTra yA rAjakAja ? mantranaipuNyarUpI siddhi yA mantrapraNidhAnarUpI kauzala se hI vRddhi pAtA hai / isIse arthazAstrameM kahA hai' tasmAnmantroddezamanAyukto na gacchet / ' koI bhI anadhikArI asaMbaddha manuSya mantrasthAna yA usake AsapAsataka na jAne pAve / yaha bhI kahA hai - nAsya guhyaM pare vidyaH chidraM vidyAtparasya ca / gUhat karma ivAGgAni yatsyAhivRtamAtmanaH // kauTalIya arthazAstra. koI bhI bAharavAlA vijogIpuke rahasyako na jAnane pAve aura vaha apane dUtoM ke dvArA zatruke rahasya vA nirbalatAko jAnA kre| aisA karanese apanA Page #55 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi prayojana anAyAsa siddha hogaa| rAjA mantrita kAryoko bAhara nikala jAnevAle aMgoMko thoDIsI bhI zaMkA para jhaTa sameTa lenevAle kacchapake samAna gupta rakhe / AcArya bRhaspati kaha gaye haivAlaM duSTamasAhasikaM ajJAtazAstra mantre na pravezayet / bAlaka, duSTa, sAhasahIna tathA azAstrajJako maMtraNAmeM sammilita na kre| catvAri rAzA tu mahAbalena vAnyAhuH paNDitastAni vidyAt / alpaprajJaH saha mantraM na kuryAna dIrghasUtraiH rabhasaizcAraNaizca / / vidura. mahAbalI rAjAko jo cAra bAteM choDanI haiM paNDita unheM jAne- vaha malpamatiyoM, dIrghasUtriyoM, vicArazUnyoM, muMhadekhI sammati denevAloM tathA cATukAroMse mantraNA na kare / pAThAntara- mantrasampadA hi rAjyaM vivrdhte| zreSThatamA mantraguptimAhuH // 28 // rAjadharmake AcArya bRhaspati, vizAlAkSa, bAhudantIputra, pizuna prabhRti vidvAn loga mantraguptikI nItiko anya sava nItiyoMkA siramaura batA gaye haiN| vivaraNa- kartavyameM zaktisaMcAra karanevAlI vastu mantra hI hai| rAjyakI surakSA mantrabala se hI hotI hai / zatruko jJAta hojAnese mantrakA vyartha hojAnA hI mantrakA nAza hai| mantrakA nAza zaktikA hI nAza hai| isa artha mantrarakSA hI zaktirakSA hai / mantrako surakSita rakhanA hI zaktimAna bananA hai| bhojarAjakA kahanA hai ki- 'mantramUlaM yato rAjyamato mantraM samAzrayet' rAjyake mantrAzrita honese rAjA zreSTha mantra pAnekeliye pUrNa sajaga rahe / bRhaspati bhI kaha gaye haiM- 'mUDhA durAcArAstIkSNA AtmabuddhayaH kSiprakuddhA bAlA na mntryogyaaH|' mUDha, durAcArI, tIkSNasvabhAvI, mAramabuddhi ( khudapasanda ) zIghra garama hojAnevAle tathA bAlaka mantrameM sammilita karane yogya nahIM hote| Page #56 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mantrIkI yogyatA cikIrSitaM viprakRtaM ca yasya nAnye janA karma jAnanti kiMcit / mantre gupte samyaganuSThite ca nAlpopyasya cyavate kazcidarthaH // vidura. 29 pUrA hone se pahale jisake cikIrSita tathA Arabdha zatruvirodhI kAmako dUsare loga jAna hI nahIM pAte, jisakA mantra kAmameM Acukane taka pUrA pUrA gupta rahatA hai, usakA koI bhI kAma adhUrA yA khaNDita nahIM ho pAtA / kAryAndhasya pradIpo mantraH // 29 // mantra aMdhere meM mArga dikhAnevAle dIpakake samAna kAryAndha ( kiMkartavyavimUDha ) ko usakA kartavyamArga dikhA detA hai / vivaraNa - jaise gRhasvAmI dIpakake vinA rAtrike aMdhakAra meM apane hI suparicita gharameM andhA banA rahatA hai isI prakAra manuSya mantra (suvicAra ) vinA kartavyapAlanameM andhA banA rahatA hai / pAThAntara-- kAryAkArya pradIpo mantraH / yaha kArya iSTasAdhana hai yA aniSTa sAdhana hai ? isa prakArake saMzayAndhakAra ke samaya mantra aMdhakAravinAzaka dIpakakA kAma karatA hai / jaise dIpaka andhakArako haTAtA hai isI prakAra mantra prajJAkI mandatArUpI aMdhere ke samaya, use haTAkara manuSyako buddhikI prakharatArUpI prakAza detA hai / isa liye vRddha loga kaha gaye haiM " sammantrya sUribhiH sArdhaM karma kuryAdvicakSaNaH / ' buddhimAna manuSya, una viSayoMke vizeSajJoM ke sAtha sammantraNA karake kAma kare to pUrA hone meM saMzaya na rahe / amantrita kAryoM kI sthiti jalameM kakhe ghaDakI sI hotI hai / sammantrita kArya to jalameM pakva kumbhake samAna aTaLa bane rahate haiM / "" mantracakSuSA parachidrANyavalokayanti // 30 // vijIgISu rAjA loga mantriyoMse parAmarza karane rUpa AMkha se pratipakSiyoMkI rASTrIya nirbalatAoMko jAna lete haiM / Page #57 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi vivaraNa-zatrukI nirbalatAkA pUrA patA lagAlenepara hI usapara vijaya pAnekI pUrNAga sabaddhatA hosakatI hai / rAjAke liye zatrukI nibaM. latA jAnanekA upAya kuzalamantriyoMke sAtha vicAravinimaya karaneke atirikta dUsarA koI nahIM hai / rAjA yogyamantrIke binA rAjyarakSAke samba. ndhameM aMdhA banA rahatA hai / dezavidezake vizeSajJa mantriyoMke liye hI saMbhava hai ki ve zatruzaktike viSaya meM ThIka ThIka patA calAkara yA to yuddha kI preraNA deM yA yuddhase nivRtta rkheN| isaliye mantriyoMke sAtha rAjAkA atyanta dhaniSTa sambandha rahanA cAhiye / rAjAko bhI mantrIko sammati. para vizvAsa karake rAjyakA paricAlana karanA cAhiye / rAjA zatrukI zaktikA pUrA patA honepara hI apanI zaktiko ajeya banA sakatA hai / mantraNA karate samaya bAlaka, bandara, totA, mainA mAdi aisA koI jIvajantu na ho jo mantrako leuDe aura use zatrupakSameM pahuMcAde / mantrakAle na matsaraH kartavyaH // 31 // mantragrahaNa karate samaya mantradAtAke choTe baDepanapara dhyAna na dekara usake abhrAntapanepara IrSyA na karake zraddhAke sAtha mantra grahaNa karanA caahiye| vivaraNa- usa samaya kisIko dAbakara apanI bAta Upara rakhanekA prayatna na honA cAhiye / acchI bAta sabakI sunanI cAhiye / mantrake samaya zAbdika saMgharSa nahIM honA cAhiye / usa samaya apane. abhrAntapanepara sTane se dhairyahAni tathA kAryakA nyAghAta nizcita hojAtA hai| trayANAmekavAkye sampratyayaH // 32 // vicAraNIya prastuta kartavyake viSayameM, Upara varNita tInoM mantraNAkartAoMkA aikamatya hojAnA mantra kI zreSThatA hai / usase kAryasiddhi sunizcita ho jAtI hai / vivaraNa- 'mAnI pratimAninaM ' isa sUtrake anusAra (1) mantragrahItA, (2) apanA mAbhyantarika jJAnasvarUpa mantraNAdAtA tathA (3) Page #58 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mantrIkI niyukti vizvasta hitaiSI gyavahArakuzala mahAmantrI ina tInoMkA kisI eka viSayameM aikamatya hojAnA kAryakA niSpAdaka mAnAjAtA hai / kAryAkAryatatvArthadarzino mntrinnH|| 33 // kArya, akArya donoMkI vAstavikatAko ThIka ThIka samajhanevAle ( arthAt mantrakI yathArthatAko svabhAvase pahacAna jAnevAle ) apane niyata vetanase adhika na cAhanevAle tathA mantrake rahasyako samajhAnevAle mantrI hone caahiye| vivaraNa- mantrI loga vidyAoM meM pAraMgata vizuddhakulIna dharma, artha donoM meM pravINa sarala svabhAvavAle brahmavettA hone cAhiye / mantra jaba prAraMbha meM hI bheda pA jAtA hai taba kisIke basakA nahIM rhtaa| isa dRSTise mantriyoM ke nirdhAraNameM bar3I sAvadhAnIkI mAvazyakatA hai / mantrasaMgopanakI zakti hI mantriyoM kA ekamAtra mUlya hai| pAThAntara- akAmabuddhayo mantratatvArthadarzino mntrinnH| akAmabuddhi (arthAta rAjakAjase apanA koI vyaktigata svArtha nikAlanA na cAhanevAle svArthazUnya alolupa nimasara vivekI / loga mantrI banAye jAne caahiye| paTakarNAd bhidyate mantraH // 34 // mantra chaH kAnoM meM pahuMcanepara phUTa nikalatA hai / vivaraNa-mantra rAjA tathA mukhyamantrIke atirikta kisI bhI tIsare vyaktike kAnosaka pahuMcate hI asAra tathA hatavIrya hojAtA hai| tIna mantriyoMkI mantraNAkA phUTa jAnA prAyaH sunizcita hai| yahI isa sUtrakA bhAva hai| isake anusAra jaba mantraNAko antima nizcita rUpa milanA ho . usa samaya kevala do uttaradAyI manuSya hI use nizcita antima rUpa deN| jaba ki dokI mantraNAke hI surakSita rahasakanekA siddhAnta mAna liyA jAya, taba " trayANAmekavAkye saMpratyayaH" isa sUtrake " trayANAm ' isa padakA Page #59 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrA tathA " mAnI pratimAninamAtmani dvitIya mantramupAdayet " isa sUtrakA hamArA artha hI yuktisaMgata ThaharatA hai / yaha pAThaka vizeSa dhyAnase dekheM / rAjA aura mahAmantrI athavA mahAmantrI aura vibhAgIya mukhyAdhikArI ye hI do do milakara kisI kAryakI antima rUparekhA niyata kreN| apane vibhAgIya mantriyoMse mantraNA karake kisI kartavyakA nirNaya karanA mahAmantrIkA kAma honepara bhI kAryakA antima nirNaya rAjA aura mahAmantrI kareM / ye dAnoM mantraguptike liye uttaradAyI hoN| pAThAntara- SaTkarNo mntrshchidyte| cha: kAnoM meM pahu~cA hubhA mantrA chinnabhinna hojAtA hai| Apatsu snehasaMyuktaM mitram // 35 // vipattike dinoMmeM (jaba ki sArA saMsAra vipadgrastako vipanna honeke liye akelA choDa bhAgatA hai ) sahAnubhUti rakhanevAle loga mitra kahAte haiN| vivaraNa- jo loga vipana kI vipattiko apane hI Upara mAI vipatti mAna lete aura mApakAlameM vipadgrastakA sAtha dete haiM, unhIMko kisIse mitratAkA saMbandha joDane yA kisIko apanA mitra kahanekA adhikAra hotA hai| inake atirikta jo loga Apattike samaya mitroMko akelA vipatra honeke liye choDa dete haiM ve kisIke mitra banane yA kahalAneke adhikArI nahIM hote| bhAnevAlI vipattiyeM hI vipanako zatru-mitrakI pahacAna karAtI haiM aura sacce mitrase milAnevAlI saccI mitra banajAtI hai| Apattike dinoM meM vipakSakA sAtha denA aura isa sAtha dene meM jo saMkaTa A khaDA ho use saharSa sahana karanA hI saccI mitratA hai / sacce logoMke pArasparika saMbandha hI mitratA kahAte haiM / kyoMki sarace logoMkI mAnasika sthiti satyakI premikA hotI hai isa kAraNa ye loga zarIrase bhinabhita hote hue bhI manameM abhinna hote haiN| svArthabandhana mitratA nahIM hai| mitratA satya. niSThoMkA hI ekAdhikAra hai / dalIya kAryakrama (pArTIprogrAma ) mitratA nahIM Page #60 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mantrIkI niyukti haiM / satyaniSTha loga apanI satyaniSThAke pariNAmasvarUpa kisI bhI satyaniSThapara AgaI huI vipattiko apane hI Upara AI vipatti mAnakara usa vipa. dvaraNa tathA vipadvAraNameM vipannake svabhAvase sAthI banajAte haiN| kRtrima mitra loga jisa vipatti meM vipannako tyAga dete haiM vaha vipad vAstavameM satyaniSThAke pariNAmasvarUpa mAI huI hotI hai| manuSya kI satyaniSThA AsurIsamAjameM anivArya rUpase rAjAmoM yA zaktimAnoMke roSakA kAraNa bana jAtI hai / AsurI samAja to AsurI rAjya yA adhika zaktivAle logoMke sAmane natamastaka hokara use svIkAra kiye rahatA hai isa liye usase rAjyazakti yA baDe logoMke saMgharSakA avaptara nahIM mAtA / parantu satyaniSTha vyaktise mAsurI rAjya aura ghamaMDI loga sahe nahIM jAte, isIse saMgharSa khaDA hojAtA hai| vaha prANoMpara khelakara bhI usa rAjya tathA bhautika balazAlIke balako asvIkAra karanA apanA atyAjya kartavya mAnA karatA hai| usa samaya usakA rAjaroSa yA prabala vyakti ke roSakA pAtra banajAnA hI mitrakI pada. cAna karAnevAlA hojAtA hai| "rAjadvAre zmazAne ca yastiSThati sa bAndhavaH / " usa samaya, kevala samRddhi ke dinoMvAle kRtrima mitra use vipakSa hone ke liye akelA choDa dete aura apane ko mitra honeke ayogya ghoSita kara date haiN| sa kiM sakhA sAdhu na zAsti yo'dhipaM hitAnna yaH saMzaNute sa kiM prabhuH / sadAnukRleSu hi kurvate rati nRpaSvamAtyeSu ca sarvasaMpadaH // svAmIke hitakA anupadeSTA amAtya Adi nAmoMvAlA mitra saccA mitra nahIM hai / apane hitopadezI mitroMse apane kalyANakI bAta na sunanevAlA svAmI khoTA svAmI hai| sacce mitroM ko, rAjAke hitakI bAta, usake suna. .neko udyata na honepara bhI, usase balapUrvaka kahadenI cAhiye, tathA sacce svAmoko apane hitakI kaTu bAta bhI mitroMse zraddhApUrvaka sunanI cAhiye / taba hI rAjA aura usake mitroM arthAt mantriyoMkA aikamasya rahasakatA hai| Page #61 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrAANa rAjA aura amAtyoMke parasparAnurakta rahanepara hI rASTra meM sakala saMpattiyoM kA vAsa hotA hai| bhinnabhinna vidvAnoMne mitrake nimna lakSaNa kiye haiM / tanmitramApadi sukhe ca samakriyaM yat / mitra vaha hai jo saMpat aura vipat donoM meM pUrA pUrA sAtha de aura samAna pratikAra kre| ___ mandAyante na khalu suhRdAmabhyupetArthakRtyAH / mitroMke ve kartavya jo eka bAra apane vipanna mitrakI sahAyatAke rUpameM svIkRta hojAte haiM kabhI manda nahIM hote| ___ samAnazIlavyasaneSu sakhyam / jinake zIla samAna aura jo eka vipattike mAkheTa hote haiM, unameM mitratA hotI hai| karAviva zarIrasya netrayoriva pakSmaNI / avicArya priyaM kuryAt tanmitraM mitramucyate // jaise zarIrapara coTa paDanepara hAtha zarIrakI aura mAMkhapara mAghAta mAne. para pala ke bhAkhoMkI rakSAke liye binA vicAre svabhAvase kaTibaddha hojAtI haiM, usI prakAra jo mitrako vipanna dekhakara binA bhAgA pIchA dekhe usakI sahAyatAko dauDa paDatA hai vahI mitra hai| zucitvaM tyAgitA zaurya sAmAnyaM sukhduHkhyoH| dAkSiNyaM cAnuraktizca satyatA ca suhRdguNAH // niSkapaTatA, mitra ke liye tyAga, mitrake vipadvAraNa ke liye zaurya, sukhaduHkha meM samAnatA, usake hitasAdhanake liye cAturya anurAga tathA satyatA ye mitrake ATha guNa haiN| utsave vyasane caiva durbhikSe raassttrviplve| rAjadvAre zmazAne ca yastiSThati sa bAndhavaH // Page #62 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mantrIkI niyukti jo manuSya utsava, vipati, durbhikSa, rASTraviplava, rAjadvAra tathA mRtyuke saMkaTameM bhI sAtha detA hai vahI bAnbhava hai| . zokArAtibhayatrANaM protivizrambhabhAjanam / kena sRSTamidaM ratnaM mitramityakSaradvayam // zoka zatru tathA bhayase rakSA karanevAlI, prIti tathA vizvAsakI pAtra yaha mitra nAmakI do akSaroM kI joDI kisane banAI ? prANairapi hitA vRttiradroho vyAjavarjanam / AtmanIva priyAdhAnametanmaitrImahAvratam // prANapaNase bhI hitaceSTA karanA, droha tathA chala kapaTa se vyavahAra na karanA mitrakA apane samAna priya karanA, yahI maitrI nAmaka mahAvrata hai| pApAnnivArayati, yojayate hitAya, guhyaM ca gRhati, guNAn prakaTIkaroti / ApadgataM na ca jahAti, dadAti kAle, sanmitralakSaNamidaM pravadanti santaH // pApase rokatA, hitameM lagAtA, gopanIyako chipAtA, guNoMko prakaTa karatA, vipattimeM phaMseko nahIM tyAgatA, sahAyatAke sarvottama samayapara sahAyatA karatA hai, usIko santa loga sanmitra kahate haiN| mitraM , prItirasAyanaM nayanayorAnandanaM cetasaH, pAtraM yat sukhaHdukhayoH saha bhaven mitreNa tddurlbhm| ye cAnye suhRdaH samRddhisamaye dravyAbhilASAkulAs, te sarvatra milanti tattvanikaSayAvA tu teSAM vipat // jo mitra nayanako prItirasa tathA cittako mAnanda denevAle, mitrake sukhaduHkhako apane hI sukhaduHkha mAnanevAle hoM, aise mitra saMsArameM durlabha hote haiM / ye jo samRddhi ke dinoMmeM dravyAbhilApAse Akula honevAle mitra nAmaka jantu hote haiM, aise loga to saMsArameM bahuta mila jAte haiM / parantu vipatti Page #63 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi una svArthI mitroMkI kasoTI banajAtI aura unake mitratAke DhoMgakA bhaMDAphoDa kara detI hai / 36 UparavAle vacanoM meM mitrake lakSaNoMkA ullekha huA hai / parantu bhAjake saMsAra meM mitroMke jo vyavahAra dekhanemeM Ate haiM ve saba ina lakSaNoMkI kasauTIpara khare nahIM utarate | ve maitrIke nAmapara sammAnita honeke sthAnapara vairake nAmase nindita hone yogya dikhAI dete haiN| saMsAra meM rASTroM ke sAtha rASTroMkI, pArTiyoM ke sAtha pArTiyoMkI tathA vyaktiyoMke sAtha vyaktiyoMkI aisI hI dhUrtatApUrNa maitrI dekhane meM bhAtI hai| ina saba mitratAoM meM svArthamoha, svabhA vajamoha, yA rUpaja moddoMmeM se koI eka bandhana avazya rahatA hai / ye bandhana kucha sImAtaka calate haiM / ina mitratAoMkA kAraNa bhautika sImAtaka sImita rahatA hai / jo svArtha rASTroM daloM yA vyaktiyoM ko dalabaddha karatA hai, usa svArthakI saMbhAvanAkA anta hote hI mitratAkA bandhana TUTa jAtA hai / rUpaja mohavAlA bandhana bhI apanI sImAtaka rahatA hai / vaha bhI usa sImAko pAra karate hI TUTa jAtA hai / isake viparIta saccI mitratAke bandhanoM kA kabhI na TUTa pAnevAlA sthAyI bandhana honA anivArya hotA hai / satyaniSThakI saccI mitratAkA baMdhana satyakA hI baMdhana hotA hai isalie vahI baMdhana aTUTa aura sthAyI hotA hai / satyaniSTha mitra apane satyaniSTa mitrakI sevAmeM satyakI hI sevA aura satya ke virodha ke jisa anupama amRtakA AsvAdana karate haiM use ve samagra saMsArake vinimaya meM bhI tyAganeko udyata nahIM ho sakate / sthAyI mitratAke aTUTa bandhanakA rUpa gItAke nimna zloka meM spaSTa haiuddharedAtmanAtmAnaM nAtmAnamavasAdayet / Atmaiva hyAtmano bandhuH Atmaiva ripurAtmanaH // gItA bAhyamitratAoM ke dhokemeM AjAnevAle logoM ko sAvadhAna kara denA cAhatI hai ki manuSya ke zatru mitra bahirjagat meM nahIM hai / manuSya svayaM hI apanA zatru yA mitra hai / mana hI manuSyakA svarUpa hai / satyaniSTha ucita vyavahArI mana svayaM hI apanA mitra hai / usake viparIta pApaniSTha mana svayaM Page #64 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mantrIkI niyukti hI apanA zatru hai| svayaM apane mitra bane hue satya ke premI loga zarIroMse pRthak honepara bhI eka dUsareke svarUpa hone ke kAraNa, svAbhAvika mitra hote haiM / ina logoMkA mitratvabandhana suraDha mAdhyAtmika AdhAroMpara mAdhArita honeke kAraNa aTUTa abhrAnta tathA anantazaktimAn hotA hai / mitrakI isa paribhASAkA samarthana UparavAle saba lakSaNoMse pramANita hojAtA hai| inameM se eka vacanakI satyatApara vicAra karanese hI saba vacanoMkI satyatA svayameva pramANita ho jaaygii| jaise hAtha zarIrakI aura palaka netrakI rakSA binA vicAre svabhAvase karate haiM, isI prakAra jo vyakti apanAye hue dUsare vyaktiko binA vicAre saba samaya rakSA karaneko adyata rahatA hai, vahI mitra hai| zarIrapara AI vipatti meM zarIrakI rakSA karanA hAthakI mAtmarakSA hI hai / palakake liye mAMkhakI rakSA karanA palakakI AtmarakSA hI hai| isa rakSApravRtti meM hAtha aura palaka donoM kI svAbhAvikatA hai / isaliye hai ki yahAM apane parAyakA vicAra karane kA avasara hI nahIM hai / apane ApameM bhedabuddhi na honeke kAraNa hI yahAM vicArakA avasara nahIM paataa| manuSya apanepara vipatti Anepara svabhAvase use haTAneko udyata hojAtA hai| jo isa vipadko haTAneko udyata hojAtA hai vaha kauna hotA hai ? vipanna vyakti svayaM hI apanA vipaduddhAraka banajAtA hai| manuSyakA apanA mana hI apane Uparase vipadko haTAne ke liye svabhAvase vivaza hotA hai / jaba manuSyakA mana satyako apane svarUpake rUpameM pahacAna letA hai taba vaha satyasvarUpa banakara apanA mitra bana jAtA hai| vahI mana satyase hIna banakara apanA zatru banajAtA hai| satyahIna dalabaddha rASTroM, rAjanaitika vyaktiyoM tathA svabhAvaja athavA bhautika svArtha rakhanevAle saMbaMdhoMse saMbaddha manuSyoM tathA lUTanevAle DAkuoMke samUhoM meM satyakA abhAva honeke kAraNa ye saba loga eka dUsare ke mitra kahalAne laganepara bhI zatru hI hote haiM / mitra kevala satyaniSTha vyAktiyoMmeM hI utpanna hone aura milane saMbhava hai| jaba koI bhI vyakti apanI satyaniSThAke kAraNa vipatti meM phaMsatA hai taba saMpUrNa satyaniSTha samAja usa vipattiko apane Upara mAI vipatti mAnakara usakA mitra banajAtA hai aura Page #65 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi bhasatyakA virodha karate hue saMpUrNa manuSya samAjakA pratinidhi banakara bhAramarakSA karatA hubhA saMpUrNa manuSyasamAjakI manuSyatAkA rakSaka banajAtA hai / spaSTa zabdoM meM satyaniSTha vyakti jahAM eka dUsareke sthAyI hArdika saMbaMdha rakhanevAle sacce mitra hote haiM vahAM ve saMpUrNa samAjake bhI sthAyI mitra hote haiN| (mitrasaMgrahakA lAbha ) mitrasaMgrahaNe balaM saMpadyate // 36 // sacce mitroMkA saMgraha karane yA saccA mitra milajAnese manudhyako bala prApta hojAtA hai| vivaraNa-- sacce mitra milanese milanevAlA bala svAmI, amAtya, rASTra, durga, koSa, senA, tathA mitra ina sAtoM yA inameM se kucha rUpoM meM prApta hotA hai, aisA kAmandaka nItikArakA vacana hai| amarasiMhakI nItimeM kara denevAlI janatAko milAkara mATha prakArakA bala kahA hai| bala zarIra. sAmarthya kA vAcaka bhI hai / parantu yahAMpara bala rAjazakti se saMbaddha balakA pAribhASika nAma hai| isase pahale sUtrameM sacce mitroMse milAnevAle satyako hI manuSyako balavAn banAnevAlA mitra batAyA hai| isa sUtra meM usIkA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA hai ki satyako apanAkara asatyakA virodha karate hue vipanna honese na DaranA zaktimAnoMkA svabhAva hotA hai| yoM zaktimAnoMkI zakti unake kiye hue asatya virodhoMse hI sUcita hotI hai| samace mitra bhI asatyake virodhoMse hI hAtha Ate haiN| kisI asatyakA virodha karane laganA hI saMsArameMse sacce mitroMke milanekA upAya banajAtA hai| satyaniSThAse hI balavAn banAjAtA hai / satyaniSThAse saccA bala saMgaThita ho jAtA hai| (balakA upayoga ) balavAnalandhalAbhe prayatate // 37 // satya yA sacce mitroMke balase balavAn vyakti aprApta rAjya. zvarya pAne ( arthAt use utpanna karane tathA use nirantara baDhAte Page #66 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Alasya se hAni rahane ) ke liye satyAnumodita prayatna kiyA kare, yA kiyA karatA hai / 39 vivaraNa - satya ke balase balavAn vyakti aprApta rAjyaizvarya pAneke liye ucita udyama utsAha tathA madhyavasAya se yukta hokara rahe, taba hI balakA yathocita upayoga aura vikAsa saMbhava hai / " balena kiM yacca ripUna bAdhate " vaha bala kisa kAmakA jo pApI zatruoMkA saMhAra karake apanI rAjyazrI baDhAne ke kAma na AtA ho / bala anupayogase kuNThita hojAtA hai / jaise ayAtrA ghor3oMke liye buDhApA hai isI prakAra anupayoga balakI mRtyu hai 1 balavAnalabdhalAbhe prayateta / pAThAntara ( Alasya se hAni ) alabdhalAbho nAlasasya // 38 // aprApta rAjyaizvaryako nirantara saMgraha karate cale jAnA prayatnahIna zaktihIna manda AlasIkA kAma nahIM hai / vivaraNa - manuSya meM satyaniSThA na honA hI Alasya hai / satyaddIna vyakti na karane yogya kAma karatA tathA karane yogya satyAnumodita prayatnoMmeM pramAda karatA hai | akartavya arthAt na karane yogya kAma karanA tathA kartavyoM arthAt karane yogya kAmoMse bace phiranA hI Alasya hai / par3a doSAH puruSeNeha hAtavyA bhUtimicchatA / nidrA tandrA bhayaM krodha AlasyaM dIrghasUtratA // vidura kalyANakAmI mAnava isa saMsAra meM atinidrA ( svAsthyakI AvazyakatA se adhika nidrA ) tandrA, bhaya, krodha, Alasya tathA dIrghasUtratA ye cha doSa chor3a de / AlasyaM hi manuSyANAM zarIrastho mahA ripuH / Alasya manuSya ke hI zarIra meM rahanevAlA manuSyakA gharelU mahAzatru hai / Page #67 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 40 cANakyasUtrANi isaliye kalyANArthI manuSya apane zarIrastha zatru Alasyako padadalita karake rakhe, taba hI aihika abhyudaya aura mAnasika utkarSa pAsakatA hai / alasasya labdhamapi rakSituM na zakyate // 39 // alasa satyahIna prayatnahIna vyakti ke kartavyapAlanameM pramAdI honese usakA prApta rAjyaizvarya bhI surakSita nahIM raha paataa| vivaraNa--- deva yadi mAlasIko kucha de bhI de to usase usa devadatta dravya kI rakSA nahIM hotii| alaso mandabuddhizca sukhI ca vyaadhipiidditH| nidrAluH kAmukazcaiva SaDete karmagarhitAH // thAlasI mandabuddhi sukhAsakta rogI nidrAlu tathA kAmuka ye 6 loga ninditakarmA mAne gaye haiN| udyama utsAha tathA adhyavasAya hI puruSake mAlasya kA virodha karate aura use karmameM pravRtta rakhate haiM / isaliye bhUnikAmI loga sadA udyama uralAha tathA adhyavasAyase sampanna raheM / na cAlasasya rakSitaM vivardhate // 40 // alasa satyahIna prayatnahIna vyaktikA daivavaza saMcita rAjya zvarya kucha kAlataka surakSita dIkhane para bhI usake buddhimAndyase vRddhiko prApta nahIM hotaa| vivaraNa- usake rAjyazvaryakI vRddhi na honA hI usakI bharakSitatA arthAt anivArya vinAza hai / kyoMki Alasya dehastha mantaHzatru hai isaliye mAnava mAlasya rUpI doSakA sadA viSThA mAdi daihika maloMke samAna tyAga karatA rahe / sUtra kahanA cAhatA hai ki manalasa hI labdhako rakSA karapAtA hai, aura usIkI vRddhi honA avazyaMbhAvI hotA hai| paDeva tu guNAH puMsA na hAtavyAH kadAcana / satyaM dAnamanAlanyamanasUyA kSamA dhRtiH // vidura Page #68 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Alasyase hAni 4 manuSyako sasya dAna anAlasya manasUyA kSamA tathA prati ye 6 guNa kabhI na tyAgane caahiye| pAThAntara- na cAlasyayuktasya rakSitaM vivardhata / na bhatyAn preSayati // 41 // alasa ( satyahIna prayatnahIna bhogAsakta ) rAjA yA rAjyAdhikArI rAjakIya karmacAriyoMko kAma yA ucita sevAmeM lagAne tathA unase ucita sevA lenameM pramAda kara baiThate haiN| vivaraNa- kAma karanese bacanA jipsakA svabhAva hojAtA hai, vaha bhRtyoMse kAma lenerUpI kamase bhI svabhAvase bacatA hai| yahI usake AlasyakA svarUpa hai / Alasya na tyAganA, bhRtyoMse yathocita kAma na lenA, rAjAkA rAjyavyavasthAko avyavasthita kara dene rUpo bhayaMkara aparAdha hai| pAThAntara- na bhRtyAn poSayati / AlasI rAjA mAlasyajanya daridratAse bhRtyapoSaNa karane arthAt yathocita kAryoM ke lie bhRtya niyukta karane meM asamartha hojAtA hai| vivaraNa--- usase usakI rAjyavyavasthA paMgu hokara naSTa bhraSTa ho jAtI haiN| nItijJa somadevake zabdoM meM " alasaH sarvakarmaNAmanadhikArI / " mAla. sIko kisI bhI karma kA adhikAra nahIM hai| adhika sUtra- na tIrthaM pratipAdayati // AlasI rAjA rAjyake karmakuzala vicakSaNa anubhavI pradhAnapuruSoMke anubhavoMkI upekSA karake unase lAbha uThAnese vaMcita hojAtA hai| vivaraNa- vidyA anubhava aura dharmake kendra tathA dharmajJAnasaMpala loga * tIrtha' kahAte haiM / AlasI rAjA svabhAvase mUrkha tathA avaguNI honeke Page #69 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi kAraNa dharma vidyA tathA anubhavoMke kendra guNI puruSoM, unake guNoM, dharmavidhA mAdikI saMrakSaka tathA pracAraka saMsthAnoMko surakSita na karake pratyuta upekSA karake, samAjase dharma aura jJAnako vilupta karake ajJAna tathA manItikA prasAraka banajAtA hai| ___ mahAmantrI, mukhyanyAyAdhIza, senApati, rAjazreSThI, jyotirvida, rAjyakA sabase prabhAvazAlI vyakti, samAjoMke cAra mukhiyA, samasta prakArakI senA. bhoMke mukhyapuruSa, purohita, mantrI mAdi rAjAoMke tIrtha hote haiN| inheM apanI nItikA pUrNa samarthaka banAye rahane yA apanI nItimeM ina sabake anubhavoMkA samAveza hone ke liye inake ghaniSTa saMparka meM rahanA, yaha eka asAdhAraNa avadhAna, parizrama, indriyasaMyama, tathA niralasatAkA kAma hai| yaha kAma mAlasIse nahIM hotaa| (rAjyatantrakA lakSaNa ) alabdhalAbhAdicatuSTayaM rAjyatantram // 42 // 1- alabdhakA lAbha 2- labdhakI rakSA 3- rakSitakA vardhana 4- tathA rakSitakA rAjakarmacAriyoMkI ucita niyuktise ucita kAryoM meM viniyoga yA vyaya, ye rAjyavyavasthAke cAra AdhAra haiN| ya cAroM bAte milakara rAjyatantra kahAne lagatI haiN| vivaraNa-- rAjya inhIM cAra bAtoMpara nirbhara hote haiM / rAjyakI ye hI cAra mukhya samasyAyeM hotI haiM / isakA yaha artha huA ki rAjyAdhikArI loga na to arthavRddhi meM pramAda kareM na rAjyazrIkA masavyaya kareM aura na use manupayogase naSTa hone deN| kyoMki zrIkI dAna bhoga tathA nAzase cauthI gati nahIM hai / rAjA loga sAmAdi upAyoMse, phUloM meM se ati zudra mAtrAmeM rasa lete phiranevAle madhukaroMke samAna susahya upAyoMse prajA se dhanasaMgraha kareM aura pRthvIparase jala sokhakara use pAthavIpara hI barasA denevAle meghoMke samAna use prajAkI hI zrIvaddhi meM vyaya kara DAleM / use laTake mAlakI bhAMti apanI Page #70 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ rAjyatantrakA lakSaNa vyaktigata sukha suvidhAoM tathA rAjakIya bhADambaroM meM vyaya karake naSTa na kara ddaaleN| rAjyatantrAyattaM nItizAstram / / 43 // samAjameM pracalita yA vyavahRta nItizAstra, rAjyavyavasthAkI nItike hI adhIna ( anusAra) hotA hai| vivaraNa-- rASTra taba hI nItiparAyaNa rahasakatA hai, jaba ki usakA rAjyatantra nItiyukta ho / yadi rAjyatantrameM nItikA prayoga na horahA ho to lokameM nIti nAmakI koI vastu nahIM rahatI / rAjyatantrakA artha samA. jakI nItimattA hai| rAjyatantrase bAhara nIti nAmakI koI vastu nahIM rahatI / nIti rAjyatantrameM sImita aura rAjyatantrase hI surakSita rahatI hai| rAjyatantra manuSyasamAjake sAtha sAtha calatA hai| rAjyatantrahIna samAja manuSyasamAja kahalAnekA adhikArI nahIM hotaa| rAjyatantrako na mAnane yA bhaMga karanevAlA, nItihIna kahAtA hai| samAjase bAhara calAjAnA yA samA. jako asvIkAra kara denA hI nItihInatAkA artha hai| rAjyatantra ne hI nItiko janma diyA hai| pahale samAja banA pIchese nIti bnii| samAja aura rAjameM koI bhI bheda nhiiN| notine samAja nahIM banAyA kintu samAja arthAt rAjyatantra ne hI nIti bnaaii| manuSyoMkA zAnti ke baMdhanameM rahane laganA hI 'samAja' kahAtA hai| samAjabaddha rahanA manuSyako sAmAjika sthiti hai| apane isa svabhAva se samAjabaddha hokara samAjasaMgaThanako surakSita rakhane arthAt samAjameM zAntikA rAjya supratiSThita rakhane kI AvazyakatAne hI nItiko janma diyA hai / samAjabaddha to pazu bhI rahatA hai / kintu pazuoMmeM nIti nAmakI vastu nahIM hotii| nItamattA mAnavasamAjakI hI vizeSatA hai| rAjyavyavasthA nItisampasa ho to usase samAjameM nIti. mattAko janma dene tathA phalane phUlane kA avasara milajAtA hai| rAjyasaMsthAke nItisaMpanna honepara hI deza meM nIti pAlIjAtI hai| rAjyavyavasthAse nItike Page #71 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi haTate hI rASTrabharameM durnIti phaila jAtI hai| rAjyavyavasthAke bhanItiparAyaNa honepara samasta samAjakA sahasraguNa anItiparAyaNa hojAnA anivArya hojAtA hai / nIti zabda daNDanIti, raNanIti tathA arthanIti tInoMkA vAcaka hai| manu, nArada, indra, bRhaspati bhAradvAja, vizAlAkSa, bhISma, parAzara, vidura Adi pUrvAcArya dharma, artha tathA kAma tInoMko abadhyaghAtaka rakhakara tInoMpara suniyantraNa rakhane ke liye zAstra banA gaye haiN| inake pazAt AcArya viSNuguptane ina saba pUrvAcAryokA sAra lekara gabhIrAzaya arthazAstra banAyA hai / usIkA nAma kauTalIya arthazAstra hai| rAjyatantrepvAyattI tantrAvApau // 44 // tantra arthAt svarASTrasaMbandhI tathA AvApa arthAt pararASTra sambandhI kartavya apanI rAghavyavasthAke hI aMga hote hai| vivaraNa- svarASTrasaMbandhI tathA pararASTrase vyavahAravinimayasaMbandhI donoM prakArake kartavya rAjyatantrameM sammilita hote haiM / arthAt usake bhale bureke anusAra bhale bure hote haiM / pararASTracintAke binA rAjyatA adhUrA rahatA hai / tantra arthAt svarASTra arthAt apanI prajAke jIvanasAdhanoMkI rakSA tathA AvApa nAmase prasiddha pararASTracintA yA usase vyavahAra ye donoM bAteM rAjyavyavasthAkI itikartavyatAmeM sammilita haiN| pAThAntara- rAjyatantreSvAyattau mantrAvApau / mantrAvApau pATha bhapapATha hai| (tantra) tanvaM svaviSayakRtyepvAyattam // 45 // svarASTravyavasthA tantra kahAtI aura vaha kevala svarASTrasaMbandhI kartavyoMse saMbaddha rahatI hai| vivaraNa- rAjya svadezasaMbandhI kartavya karate rahane mAtrase apane bhApa vyavasthita hotA calA jAtA hai / jahAM rAjya vyavasthita hotA hai, vahAM Page #72 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ maNDala 45 rAjyAdhikAriyoM kI svadeza saMbandhI kartavyoMkI avahelanA hI usakA kAraNa hotI hai / usIse rASTra meM avyavasthA phailatI hai| pAThAntara- mantraM svaviSayakRtyeSvAyattam / mantravAlA pATha apapATha hai| ( AvApa AvANe mnnddlnivissttH||46|| AvApa arthAt pararASTasaMbandhI kartavya maNDala arthAt paDausI rASTrase saMvandha rakhatA hai| vivaraNa- zatrucintArUpI bhAvApa arthAt zatruoM ke kAryoM yA unakI gatividhiyoMkI dekhabhAlakA saMbandha maNDala arthAta samIpavartI rASToM ke sAtha aura unhIMpara nirbhara hotA hai| yadi AsapAsakI rAjazaktiyAM zatrukI sahAyatA karatI hotI hai, aura unheM zatrukI sahAyatA karanese sAma dAma daNDa bheda Adi upAryose rokA nahIM jAtA, to zatru AlavAlame jalasiMcanase baDhanevAle phalI vRkSa ke samAna maNDalase bala pAtA rahakara baDhatA calAjAtA hai| isaliye rAjAloga apane maNDalako zatruoM ke prabhAva yA vazameM na Ane dene tathA unheM apane adhIna yA sahAyaka banAye rakhane kI gambhIra cintA rkheN| maNDalako apanI upekSAse apane prabhAvase bAhara na hone deN| kAmandakIya nIti, bAIspatya sUtra tathA kauTalIya arthazAstra meM yaha viSaya vistAra se varNita hai| pAThAntara-AvApo maNDale sanniviSTaH / ( maNDala ) sandhivigrahayonirmaNDalaH // 47 // rAjyasaMpRkta ve paDosI rAjya maNDala kahAte haiM jinake sAtha sandhi aura vigraha hote haiN| Page #73 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi vivaraNa- sandhi vigrahoM kA vyavahAra paDausI rASTroMke hI sAtha hotA hai| sandhivigrahake kSetra rASTra maNDala kahAte haiM / sandhikA artha sandhAna tathA vigrahakA artha viruddha karma karanA yA virodhIkarma apanAnA hai| dhanadAnAdi upAyoMke dvArA premakA sambandha joDanA yA mitra banAnA sandhi hai| rAjA loga kucha padArtha le dekara ApasameM pratijJAbaddha hote haiN| yaha sandhi kahAtI hai / usIko paNa bhI kahate hai / paNase honevAlI sandhi paNabandha kahAtI hai| somadevake zabdoMmeM "paNabandhaH sandhiH / aparAdho vigrahaH " / jaba koI kisI rAjAkA aparAdha karatA hai, taba hI vigraha khaDA hotA hai| dUsare rASTrameM dAha lUTa mAra mAdi bhI vigrahake hI rUpa haiN| sandhi aura vigrahoMke bahutase rUpa haiM / prakaTavigraha, kUTavigraha, maunavigraha bhedase vigrahake bhI tIna bheda batAye jAte haiN| koI durbala rAjA balI rAjyako paNadAnase jabatakake liye santuSTa karatA hai tabataka una donoMkI sandhi rahatI hai| paDausI rASTra ke sAtha samayakI bhAvazyakatA tathA paDausI rASTroMke bartAvake anusAra sandhi vigraha karate rahanA rAjyavyavasthAkA rASTrIya kartavya hotA hai / kisIse na to sadA sandhi raha sakatI hai aura na sadA kisIse vigraha hI rahatA hai| kisa samaya kaunasI nItikI AvazyakatA hai yaha dekhate rahanA hI nItimattA pAThAntara- sndhivigrhyo>nirmnnddlm| sandhivigrahoMke kAraNa banate rahanevAle paDosI rASTra maNDala kahAte haiN| (rAjA) nItizAstrAnugo rAjA // 8 // . nItizAstrakA anugAmI honA rAjAkI yogyatA hai / vivaraNa- hetuzAstra, daNDanIti, tathA arthazAstra nItizabdase kahe jAte haiM / zAsanavyavasthAse sambandha rakhanevAleko ina saba rAjazAstroMkA sUkSma jJAna honA cAhiye / yadi rAjyAdhikArI loga rAjazAstrase paricita Page #74 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zatrurASTra 47. rahakara tathA apane kRtyoMpara koI sAmAjika niyantraNa na rakhakara svecchAcAritAse rAja kareMge to pravala aniSTa uTha khaDe hone sunizcita haiN| rAjAko nItiprokta niyamoM ke anusAra hI mAtmarakSA tathA prajApAlana karanA caahiye| manuke zabdoMmeM " bahavo'vinayA naSTA rAjAnaH "vena bhAdi bahuta rAjA avinaya yA dunItise vinAza pAcuke haiN| (zatrurASTra) anantaraprakRtiH zatruH // 49 // svadezase avyavahitadezake rAjA svabhAvase zatru hote haiN| vivaraNa- jinase haraghaDIkA sImAsaMgharSa mAdi kalaha hone kI saMbhA. vanA banI rahatI hai ve paraspara zatru banajAte hai| rAjyAdhikArI loga nikaTavartI rAjyoMse sadA satarka raheM aura unakI svavirodhI gatividhi dekhate rheN| ahitAcaraNa karanevAloMkI paraspara zatrutA ho jAtI hai| sukhaduHkhameM ekasA rahanA mAnavasamAjako saMgaThita karanevAlA svAbhAvika bandhana hai / isa madhura bandhanameM Abaddha na rahakara dUsarekA sukha chInane tathA duHkha pahuMcAne kI svArthI pravRtti rakhane vAle loga pArasparika zatru bana jAte haiM / samAjabandha. nako asvIkAra karane aura use miTA DAlanevAlA honA hI zatrukI paribhASA hai / samAjakA zatru svabhAvase vyaktikA bhI zatru hotA hai / yadi paDhausake rAjA eka dUsareke hitaiSI hoM to ve paraspara sahAyaka banakara zaktimAn hosakate haiN| isa bhAdarzake anusAra parvatoM tathA samudroMse banI huI cAra prAkRtika sImAvAle bhAratarASTrakI sImAke pratyeka svatantra rAjAkA apane paDausIse zatrutA na karake usakA mitra banakara sammilita bhAratakA eka vizAla zaktizAlI sAmrAjya banajAnA hI "bhAratako rASTrIyatAkA Adarza" hai / bhAratake vartamAna rAjyoMkA pArasparika zatru banajAnA bhAratakI rASTrIyatAkA ghAtaka hai / jo rAjA apane paDausI rAjyakI sukha samRddhi apaharaNa karanekI bhAvanA Page #75 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi rakhatA hai vaha jahAM saMpUrNa rASTra ke sAmUhika saMgaThanakA zatru hai vahAM vaha apane rASTrakA bhI zatra hI hai| jo rAjyAdhikArI isa prakArakI kSudra svArthabhAvanAse paDausI rASTrapara AkramaNa karanevAlA banatA hai vaha nizcaya hI svabhAvase lobhAndha hokara anyAya buddhi ke dvArA pararASTrake hI bhItara nahIM apane rASTra ke bhItara bhI prajAke dhana prANa tathA zAntikA apaharaNa karanevAlI anyAyI atyAcArI bhAsurI rAjazakti bane binA nahIM raha sktaa| sAmrAjyavistAra cAhanevAle pratyeka lobhI rASTrakI mAbhyantarika prajAmeM bhI asantoSa tathA rAjavidroha honA avazyaMbhAvI sthiti hai / rAjyAdhikAra ke lobhiyoM ne bhAratabhUmiko do bhAgoM meM bAMTakara pRthaka siMhAsanoMpara baiTha kara apane apane rASTroM kI prajAmeM jo azAnti utpanna karaDAlI hai, vaha tabataka nahIM jA sakatI jaba. taka bhArata phira prajAhitakArI akhaNDazaktimAna rAjyazakti na bane / (mitrarASTra) ekAntaritaM mitramiSyate // 50 // nikaTavAle zatrurAjyase agalA rAjya jisakI hamAre zatruse zatrutA rahanA svAbhAvika hai usa zatruke viruddha, svabhAvase hI hamArA mitra banajAtA hai| vivaraNa- kisI zatruse zatrutA karanevAle aneka rASTroMkA paraspara mitratAkA bandhana honA svAbhAvika hai / hetutaH zatrubhitre bhvissytH|| 51 / / zatru mitra akAraNa na hokara kAraNavaza huA karate haiN| vivaraNa- sadAcaraNa yA upakArase mitra, tathA asadAcaraNa yA anupa. kArase zatru bana jAyA karate haiN| nityamitra, sahajamitra, tathA kRtrimamitra tIna prakArake mitra hote haiN| akAraNa pAlyapAlaka bana jAnevAle nityamitra, kulaparamparAse cale mAnevAle mitra sahajamitra tathA prayojanase sneha karane. vAle kRtrimamitra hote haiN| Page #76 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ nivala rAjAkI sandhinIti 49 zatru mitraparivayake nimna kAraNa pratyakSa upasthita hojAte haiM / jo manuSya mitrakI vipattiko apanI vipatti mAnakara, mitrake cittako sthira tathA dRDha banAye rakhaneke liye svayaM hRDhatAke sAtha usakA sAtha dekara apanA kartavya pUrA karatA hai vahI saccA mitra hai| saccA mitra saMpatti ke dinoM meM mitrakI saMpattiko aTala banAye rakhatA tathA vipattike dinoM meM usakI vipalako haTAye rakhaneke uddezya se usake sacce hitameM AtmadAna kara detA hai| hita meM AramadAna karanevAlA mitra hI saccA mitra hai / jo vyakti kRtrima mitra banakara mitrake acche dinoM meM to usakA dhanazoSaNa tathA apanA svArthIdvAra karatA hai aura mitra ke durdinoMmeM AMkheM phera letA, zatruse melajola rakhatA tathA mitrakI nindA karatA hai, vaha vAstava meM zatru ho hai / jo vizvAsapAtra banakara vizvAsaghAta karatA, saba bAtoM meM matabheda rakhatA, sadA dhanazoSaNa karatA, svayaM kabhI kucha nahIM detA, sadA apanA hI gIta gAtA, apanA hI ronA rotA, zatru paidA karatA, apane hI saMbandhako pradhAnatA tathA mahatva dekara rahatA aura samaya pAta hI paizunya karatA hai, use kabhI mitra na mAnanA cAhiye / ( nirbala dhArmika rAjAkI saMdhinIti ) hIyamAnaH sandhiM kurvati / / 52 / / nirbala nItimAn rAjAkA tAtkAlika kalyANa isI meM hai ki vaha adhika zaktizAlI anyAyI sazakta rAjyaka sAtha sandhikI nItiko apanAkara AtmarakSA kare aura upasthita saMgrAmako TAlade / " vivaraNa -- vaha apanI hIyamAna avasthAkA zatrako patA calane se pahale 'hI apanI ora se sandhikA prastAva karake AtmarakSAkA prabandha kare / vaha yuddha sthagita karane ke avasarakA apanI zaktivRddhi meM upayoga kare / nItimAn rAjA ke liye ye donoM hI bAteM abhISTa nahIM haiM ki vaha sandhike dvArA apane se 4 Page #77 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi balavAn adhArmika zatruke hAthoM meM Atmavikraya kare yA parAjaya nizcita hone para usase saMgrAma karake miTa jAya / aise samaya nItimAn rAjAkA kartavya hai ki zatruse sAmayika sandhike sahAre bhAtmarakSA karake zaktisaMcaya karane meM lagA rhe| yahI usakI sandhikA uddezya rahanA cAhiye / (sabala dhArmika rAjAkI sandhinIti ) adhika sUtra-- hIyamAnena na sandhiM kurvIta / vardhiSNu nItimAn dhArmika rAjAkA kalyANa isI meM hai ki vaha apanI vijaya nizcita hone tathA nItihIna zatrukI hAyamAna avasthAkA patA cala jAnapara usake sandhiprastAvako svIkAra na kr| vivaraNa-- nItimAn balavAn rAjAke liye yaha kadApi ucita na hogA ki vaha adhArmika nirbala zatruko saMgrAmabhUmimeM AkhaDA pAkara bhI use na miTAkara usakI mIThI bAtoMke cakkara meM lAkara usase sandhi karake use bhaviSya meM zaktimAn banakara zatrutA karate rahane ke liye jIvita rhned| zatruko usakI prastAvita sandhise jIvita rahanekA avasara dedenA rAjanaitika mautarUpI bhayaMkara pramAda hai / (sandhikA kAraNa) tejo hi sandhAnahetustadarthAnAm // 53 // sandhAnArthI dAmesa donoMkI tejasvitA prabhAvazAlitA tathA pratApa hA sAco sAndhakA kAraNa hotA hai| vivaraNa---- koSa tathA daNDaja pratApa teja kahAtA hai / dhanabhaMDAra koSa kahAtA hai| damana tathA senA ye do daNDake bheda haiN| adhikSapAvamAnAdaH prayuktasya paraNa yat / prANAtyaye'prasahanaM tattejaH samudAhRtam // (bharata ) Page #78 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sandhikA kAraNa 51 dUsareke kiye adhikSepa tathA apamAnako na sahanA tathA isa asahanameM prANotsarga taka karaneko prastuta hojAnA 'teja' kahAtA hai| "muhUrta jvalitaM zreyo na ca dhUmAyitaM ciram / " cirakAla taka dhUyeke sAtha niSprabha hokara pachatA pachatAkara sulagate rahanekI apekSA jvAlAmAlAke sAtha eka kSaNabhara bhI jIlenA zobhAkI bAta hai| sUtra kahanA cAhatA hai ki jaba koI dUsare pakSameM adhika teja dekhe aura sandhi karanA Avazyaka mAne taba apane sammAnako surakSita rakhakara hIyamAna hote hue bhI zatruko apanI hIyamAnatA na dikhAkara, bandaraghuDakI dikhAte hue hI usase sandhi kare / sandhi karane meM apane sammAna aura astitvako surakSita rakhanA apanA vizeSa kartavya mAne / dhyAna rahe ki sammAna surakSita nahIM hogA, to sandhi sandhi na hokara bhAtmasamarpaNa hojaayegaa| sandhike samaya hIyamAnakA kartavya hotA hai ki vaha sandhiprastAvameM apaneko miTAkara sandhi na kre| kintu nirviSa honepara bhI phukAra mAranA na tyAganevAle sAMpakI bhAMti apane tejako akSuNNa rakhakara sandhi kare / pAThAntara-- tejo hi sandhAnahetustadarthinAm / nAtaptaloho lohena sandhIyate / / 54 // jaise binA tape lohekI binA tapa lohesa sandhi nahIM hotI, isI prakAra donoM pakSAmeM tejasvitA na ho to sandhi nahIM hotii| vivaraNa- yaha to ThIka hai ki donoMmeMse ekake pratApakA adhika honA anivArya hai to bhI unameM sandhi honA taba hI saMbhava hogA, jaba dIyamAna rAjA apane pauruSa Dhole na choDacukA hogaa| yadi vaha pauruSa DhIle choDa degA to apanA svataMtra astitva hI kho baitthegaa| sandhi taba hI hosakegI jaba nisteja rAjA bhI zatruse saMdhiprastAvameM apanI tejasvitAko akSuNNa banAye rakhakara zatrapakSapara sandhikA dabAva DAla rahA hogA / bAta yaha hai ki zatrapakSa adhika balavAna honepara bhI yuddha ke aniSTakArI pariNAmoMse bacanA cAhA karatA hai| aisI sthitimeM nItimAna dhArmika rAjA adhArmika zatrupara Page #79 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi apanI tejasvitA ke dabAva se apanI nirbalatAko chipAye rakhakara sandhikA prastAva kare | taba hI saphalamanoratha hokara AtmarakSA karasakatA hai / amarSazUnyena janasya jantunA na jAtahArdena na vidviSAdaraH // mahAkavi bhAravi jaba manuSya amarSazUnya aura parAbhavasahiSNu hojAtA hai, taba yathArtha meM vaha sabhya samAjake liye to mara hI jAtA hai / taba na to mitrapakSa usakA Adara karatA hai, aura na zatrupakSa | jaise eka garama aura eka ThaMDA lohA paraspara sandhi nahIM kara pAte, jaise mizrita honeke liye donoM ko nAvazyaka mAtrA meM uSNa honA cAhiye, isI prakAra donoMmeM Avazyaka tejasvitA honepara ho sandhi saMbhava hai / yadi manuSya apanA tejasvIpana khokara bandaraghuDakI denA bhI choDakara sandhi mAMgegA to pratipakSI yuddha hI karegA / saba jAnate haiM ki sIdhI aMguliyoMse ghI nahIM nikltaa| yadi sandhikA icchuka zatruko apanI vivazatA dikhAbaiThegA aura giDagiDAkara sandhi mAMgegA to usakA AkheTa bane binA nahIM rhegaa| isa prakAra yadi sandhi ho bhI jAyegI to vaha nisteja pakSa ke luNThanakA kAraNa banajAyegI / pAThAntara -- nAtaptalohaM lohena sandhatte / ( yuddhakA avasara ) balavAn hInena vigRhNIyAt // 55 // 52 valI rAjA zatruko hIna pAkara hI usase yuddha ThAne / vivaraNa - yadi zatru hIna na ho to usase yuddha na ThAna kara use upAyAntarase naSTa karanevAle bauddhika prayoga kare / manuSya yaha jAne ki buddhibala bhautikabalase adhika mahatvavAlA hotA hai / " ekaM hanyAnna vA hanyAdiSurmukto dhanuSmatA / buddhirbuddhimatotsRSTA hanti rASTraM sanAyakam // dhanurdhArIkA mArA eka tIra apane lakSyako mArasake yA na mArasake, parantu buddhimAnoM kI prayukta buddhi nAyakasahita rASTrakA dhvaMsa kara DAlatI hai / Page #80 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yuddhakA avasara 53 manuSya vigraha vahAM na kare, jahAM vaha azAntikA kAraNa ho / kyoMki azAntidamana aura zAntisthApana hI vigrahakA uddezya honA cAhie / zAntipriya nirbala vyaktise bhI vigraha karanA kabhI ucita nahIM hai / hAM, yadi nirbala duSTa ho taba to usase vigraha karanA anivArya dhya hotA hai / jaba ki vigrahakA uddezya zAntisthApanA aura azAntikA damana karanA hai taba bhazAntikAraka manuSyako kyoMki vaha nirbala hai kevala isa liye kSamA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / zAntidrohI nibala zatrase to yuddha pratyeka avasthAmeM karanA cAhiye / parantu kisI balavAnse hArajAneke liye laDapAnA bhI nIti nahIM hai / sunizcita vijaya honepara hI yuddha karanA cAhiye / sArAMza yaha hai ki vignaha sadA apanese nibala duSTa ke sAtha hI unanA cAhiye / prauDha duSTa se tatkAla yuddha na karake use acira bhaviSya meM irAdene yogya balavAna banane ke liye jAgarUka hokara rahanA cAhiye aura yuddhako TAlate rahanA caahiye| yuddha kA uddezya azAntikArakakA damana aura zAntiko sthApanA honA cAhiye / zAntipremI rAjA azAntyutpAdaka zatrudhara bhAkramaNa karanese pahale zatrako zaktikA ThIka ThIka patA lagAkara hI zatradamanake liye yuddhabhUmi meM utare / zatruko apanese balavAn jAnakara bhI raNabhamimeM usakA mAhvAna karake usase parAjita dobaiTanA azAntiko hI vijayI banAnevAlA hojAtA hai| isa dRSTi se apane balavAn zatruke azAntijanaka honepara bhI usake viruddha saMgrAmaghoSaNA na karake, usale bhadhika zaktizAlI banakara hI usake damanake viSaya meM nizcita tathA nizcinta hokara usase vigraha kare / arthAt usakA damana karane ke liye zaktisaMcaya karane meM apanI samasta zaktiyoMkA prayoga kre| . pAThAntara --- balavAna hIna na vigRhNIyAt / / 'hInena ' isa tRtIyAnta pAThake sthAnapara 'hIne na ' isa prakAra sapta. myanta pATha mAna lene para " balavAn hInase vigraha na kareM " yaha artha hotA Page #81 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 54 cANakyasUtrANi hai / parantu yaha artha bhavyAvahArika honese svIkaraNIya nahIM hai / isase yaha pATha apapATha hai / usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki hIna yadi duSTa ho to usase vigraha kyoM nahIM karanA cAhiye ? yaha bAta isameM nahIM batAI gaI / azAntikA utpAdaka zatra cAhe balahIna ho taba bhI use balahIna hone ke kAraNa apekSita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / aise samaya usakI balahInatAko usapara AkramaNa na karane yA use ucita zikSA na denekA kAraNa nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| duSTako hIna dekhakara usakI upekSA karanA to rASTradroha hai| usakI balahInatAko hI usapara mAkramaNakA kAraNa banAyA jAnA cAhiye / isaliye banAnA cAhiye ki usakI balahInatAkI avasthAmeM hI to vijaya sunizcita hotI hai| na jyAyasA samena yA // 56 // adhika bhautika balavAle yA samAna balavAlese bhI vigraha na chedde| vivaraNa- jisapara vikrama, bala tathA utsAhanAmaka tIna zakti bhadhika mA samAna haiM usase yuddha ThAnane kA artha svanAza hI hotA yA hosakatA hai / aise avasarapara tAtkAlika yuddhako sthagita rakhakara svayaM to zatruse adhika zaktizAlI banane tathA zatruko balahIna banAne ke liye jitanA kAlakSepa mAvazyaka ho utanA karake zatrudamanakA prabandha kare / yuddhake vinA zatrudamanakA koI upAya saMbhava nahIM hai / isaliye yuddhako anivArya mAnakara saMgrAmake liye sadA sannaddha rahanA hI rAjanIti hai| gajapAdavigrahamiva balavadvigrahaH // 57 // balavAnase yuddha karanA yuddha meM gajasenAse nizcita rUpameM hAra. jAnevAlI padAti senAke yuddha jaisA nirbalakA hI vidhvaMsaka hotA hai| vivaraNa- gajArUDha sainikoM ke sammukha padAti senAkI jo gati hotI hai, vahI gati balavAn zatruke sammukha nirbalakI hojAtI hai| isa dRSTise Page #82 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yuddhakA avasara 55 azAntijanaka AtatAyIkA damana karane ke liye usase adhika zaktizAlI banakara arthAt use hAthIke pairake nIce kucala DAlane jaisI usase kaI gunI zakti ekatra karacukaneke pazcAt hI usase vigraha karanA utkRSTa rAjanIti hai| isa sUtrakA bhAva saMgrAmavimukhatAkI preraNA denA nahIM hai| isameM to sumizrita vijaya dilAnevAlI yuddha sajA ( taiyArI ) karanekI preraNA hai / pAThAntara- hastinaH pAdayuddhamiva balavadvigrahaH / balavAnse yuddha hAthoke pairase ulajhaneke mamAna nirbalakA ghAtaka bana jAtA hai| AmapAtramAmena saha vinazyati / / 58 // jaise, kaccA pAtra kacca pAtrase Takkara lene lage to donoM hI TUTa jAte haiM, isI prakAra samAna zaktivAlIkA yuddha donoM hIkA vinAzaka hotA hai| vivaraNa- kyoMki samAna zaktivAloMke yuddhoMke pariNAma donoM hIke liye vinAzaka hote haiM, isaliye yuddha ke binA koI gati zeSa na rahanepara hI yuddhakA mArga apanAnA cAhiye / jaba yuddha na karanekA bhI pariNAma vinAza hI sunizcita dIkhane lagA ho, taba vIratAse yuddha meM jUjhakara marakara vIragati pAnA hI zreSTha nIti hotI hai| aise bhI samaya AkhaDe hote haiM jaba yuddha karanA anivArya kartavya hojAtA hai| aise samaya pratipakSIke yamarAja banakara usase yuddha ThAnanA kartavya hotA hai / ___ isa dRSTise zAntisthApanAke icchuka rAjAko azAntidamana karane ke liye kacce pAtrako miTA DAlanevAle paka pAtrake samAna miTA DAlanekI zakti ekatra karanA utkRSTa rAjanIti hai / saMgrAmavimukhatA to kadApi rAjanIti 'nahIM hai| pAThAntara- AmapAtramApena saha vinazyati / apakka mRtpAtra jaloMke samparkameM Ate hI naSTa ho jAtA hai| yaha pATha vyAkaraNa saMgata nahIM hai| Page #83 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi ( zatruprayatnoMkA nirIkSaNa) ariprayatnabhabhisamIkSeta / / 55 / / zatruoMke prayatnoM, ceSTAoM, udyamoM, rAjyalAbho, pararASTrAse sandhiyoM Adiko apane guptacaroMke dvArA ThIka ThIka jAne ( aura AtmarakSAmeM pUrI sAvadhAnI barate ) / vivaraNa- vijIgISu rAjA sandhi yA vigraha pratyeka avasthA meM zatru. oMke prayatnoMpara pUrI dRSTi rakhe / vaha zatrupakSake zvAsa prazvAsotakakA paricaya prApta karatA rhe| pAThAntara- ariprayatnamabhisamIkSyAtmarakSayAvasat / rAjA zatruke prayatnoMpara dRSTi rakhatA huA AtmarakSA kare / sandhAyakato vA // 60 // vijigISu rAjA sandhi yA vigraha pratyeka avasthA meM zatruke prayatnoMpara sutIkSNa dRSTi rakhatA raha / arivirodhAdAtmarakSAmAvaset / / 61 // rAjA apane rASTrako bAharI tathA Abhyantarika zatruke lUTa, dAha, anIti Adi pApoM se bacAtA rhe| (sandhikA avasara zaktihIno balavantamAzrayet / / 62 // zaktisthApanAkA icchuka rAjA kisI dhArmika zaktizAlI rAjAko mitra banAle aura usase apanI svatantratAko surakSita kre| vivaraNa- rASTra , senA, durga tathA koSarUpI zaktiyoMse asamRddha rAjA. ina saba zaktiyoM se sampanna kisI pratApI dhArmika rAjAke sAtha mitratama karake usake sahayogase zatradamanakAriNI vizAlazaktikI saSTi kare / Page #84 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sandhime sAvadhAnatA durbalAyo duHkhamAvahati // 63 // durvala ( arthAt apanI zakti meM vizvAsa na rakhanevAle, svata: ntratA yA azAntidamanake Adarzako na apanAnevAla ) kApurupa ke sAtha sammilita honA duHkha ( arthAt vinAza kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| vivaraNa- prAyaH dekhane meM bhAtA hai ki bhautika zaktihIna do TubaloM ke sacce milanase navIna mahAzakti kA janma hojAtA hai| isIliye isa sUtrameM durbala zabdakA " apanI zaktipara bharosA na karanevAlA '' " kApurUpa" artha kiyA hai / isa satra durbala zubda kA yaha artha mAnya nahIM hai ki mAna lika zaktisaMpanna kucha durbala rAdha saMgaThita hokara zaktimAn nahIM dana skte| pAThAntara- durbalAzrayo hi duHkhamAvahati / (sandhi gAvadhAnatA) anivadrAjAnamAzrayela / / 64 / / kisI rAjAse AzrayakA sambandha joDanA Avazyaka hojAna para bhI usakI orase agnike saMbadhake samAna, use apanI hAni na karane dene ke saMbaMdhame pUrA sAvadhAna rahakara vyavahAra kare / vivaraNa- use apanI hAni karane kA avasara na de| use itanA na cipaTa jAya ki vaha cAhe jaba galA ghoTa sake / jaise bhAgameM svayaM jala marana AgakA durupayoga hai, parantu jaise bhAgakI dAhikA zaktiko mAtmarakSAkA sAdhana banAlenA usakA sadupayoga hai, isI prakAra vijogIpu manuSya azA ntikAraka zatrukA damana karane ke liya kisIkA mAzraya kre| vaha kisIkA Azraya lekara apanI zAnti tathA svatantratA na khobaitthe| jaise agnike dAhaka zoSaka honepara bhI jIvana meM usa mahatvapUrNa upayoga haiM, kyoMki usake vinA kAma nahIM clte| isI prakAra jaba balI rAjAkA pAzraya liye binA jIvana dhAraNa saMbhava hojAya taba balahIna rAjA rAjalakSaNoM se sampanna Page #85 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi kisI dhArmika tejasvI rAjAke sAtha mitratAkA sambandha joDeM aura eka sammilita vardhita zaktise zaktimAn bane / somadevake zabdoM meM rAjAke lakSaNa- 'dhArmikaH kulAcArAbhijano vizuddhaH pratApavAn nayAnugatavRttizca svAmIti / ' gajAko svadharma tathA prajApAlanameM rata kulAcArakA pAlaka asvecchAcArI kulIna yatendriya zaurya, vIrya, bhImatA Adi guNoM ke yukta pratApI tathA nyAyaniSTha honA cAhiye / (rAjadroha akartavya ) rAjJaH pratikUlaM nAcaret / / 65 / / rAjadroha na kre| vivaraNa--- rAjAke pratikUla mAcaraNa na kare / rASTa kI sammatise siMhAsanArUDha rAjAkA droha rASTra kA hI droha hai / prazna hotA hai ki kyA rAjAke anAtiparAyaNa honepara bhI usakI anukUlatA kare ? kyoMki bhanItiparAyaNa honA to manuSyatAvirodhI sthiti hai, isaliye apanI manuSyatAko tilAMjali daMkara anItiparAyaNa bane hue rAjAkI anukUlatA karanA cANakya jaise Adarza rAjacaritra tathA Adarza samAjakI parizuddha kalpanA karanevAle manasvIke isa satrakA abhiprAya kabhI nahIM hosakatA / phira prazna hotA hai ki kyA isa sUtrakA yaha artha hai ki anItiparAyaNA rAjAke to pratikula AcaraNa kare aura dhArmika rAjAkI pratikUlatA na karake usakI anukUlatA kare ? vAsta. vikatA to yaha cAhatI hai ki dhArmika manuSyamAtrakI anukUlatA kI jAya / cAhe vaha rAjA ho yA sAmAnya nAgarika ho| dhArmika manuSyake liye dharmakI anukUlatA karanA svabhAvasiddha hotA hai| isa bAtake liye satrakI koI vizeSa lAvazyakatA svIkAra nahIM hosakatI / rAjAke bhanItiparAyaNa honepara hI usakI bhanItiparAyaNatAke saMbandha meM prajAkA jo kartavya banatA hai usIko spaSTa kara denA isa sUtrakA uddezya hai| prajAkI rASTrasevA rAjAko rASTra ke sAmUhika naitika prabhAvase nItiparAyaNa rakhane taka hI sImita hai / rAjadroha karake rASTakI zAnti tathA zRMkhalAko bhaga karanA to rASTradoha hai| yadi rASTra rAjAko nItiparAyaNa rakhane meM asamartha Page #86 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ somya veSa hai, to rAjAkI anItiparAyaNatA rASTrakI hI anItiparAyaNatA hai / rAjAke anItiparAyaNa honekA aparAdha rAjAke vyaktitva taka hI sImita nahIM rhtaa| rAjAke banItiparAyaNa hone meM sArA hI rASTra kAraNa hotA hai| rASTra ke svayaM anItiparAyaNa rahanetaka rAjAkA anItiparAyaNa honA anivArya hai| rAjA vAstava meM rASTra kA hI pratibimba hotA hai / jaisA rASTra hotA hai vaisA hI usakA rAjA hotA hai| jaise bimbako sudhAre vinA pratibimbakA sudhAra asaMbhava hai isI prakAra rASTrako sudhAre vinA akele rAjAko sudhAranA asaMbhava hai / kyoMki prajAkI nirvighna jIvanayAtrAke liye rAjyasaMsthAkA honA ani . vArya rUpase Avazyaka hai isaliye vivekI loga rAjyasaMsthAke sahAyaka bana kara raheM aura usakA droha na kreN| yahI satrakA tAtparya hai| jahAM taka aura jaba taka saMbhava ho rAjAko nItiparAyaNa rakhaneke prayatnoM ko to cAlU rakheM parantu usakA droha karanepara na utareM / rAjyasaMsthAko sudhArakara rakhanA kartavya honepara bhI arAjakatA phailAnA prajAke liye kalyANakArI nahIM hai| nIti. vAkyAmRtake zabdoM meM 'asvAmikAH prakRtayaH samRddhA api nistarituM na shknuyuH| 'samRddha bhI rAjahIna prajAyeM nirvinna jIvanayAtrA nahIM kara sktiiN| isaliye rAjyasaMsthAkA droha na karake jahAM taka saMbhava ho usakA lahAyaka banakara rahe / satrakAra sAMketika bhASAmeM kahanA cAhate haiM ki dUSita rAjyasaMsthAko bhI naSTa karanekA upakrama na karake use bhI sudhAranekA hI prayatna karanA cAhiye / rAjya saMsthAkA sakaloccheda to bhagatika yA antima upAyake rUpameM dI kAmameM lAnA cAhiye / arAjakatAko uttejanA denevAle loga jAneM ki arAjakatAse dezako akalpita vipattiyoM aura vinAzoMkA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| bhArata apane vibhAjanake dinoM meM abhI abhI arA. jakatAkA bhayaMkara rUpa dekha cukA hai| (somya veSa ) uddhataveSadharo na bhavet // 66 // dRSTikaTu ( draSTAke manameM tiraskArabuddhi utpanna karanavAla) rucavigarhita asAdhAraNa veSa na pahane / Page #87 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi vivaraNa- manuSya samAjAnumodita sabhya veSa dhAraNa kare ! sAdhAraNa rahanasahana, sArvajanika utsava tathA rAjasabhA Adi saba hI isa sUtra ke vyavahArakSetra haiN| manuSya sabhya samAjAnumodita veSabhUSA pahanakara hI vyava - dAra kre| vaha kahIM bhI svecchAcArI veSabhUSA yA apanI zRMgAra priyatAkA pradarzana na kare / cAhe jitanA samRddha honepara bhI manuSyakI veSabhUSA rASTrakI sArvajanika veSabhUSAkI pratIka honI cAhiye / sArvajanika sthAnoM meM anA kapaka, saumya veSabhUSAmeM hI jAnA cAhiye / pAThAntara--- noddhatavaSadharaH syAt / na devacaritaM caret // 67 // manuSya rAjacaritrakA anukaraNa na kara / 60 vivaraNa -- manuSya dhanamadameM Akara mukuTa, chatra, cAmara, dhvaja, vizeSa vAina Adi rAjacinhoM kA upayoga na kare / rAjAke aizvarya se pratidvandvitA karanevAle pradarzana na kare / athavA samAjameM vyaktigata mahatvAkAMkSAmUlaka yazolipsA, kisI sAmpradAyika yA jAtigata svArthI dalakA netRtva, prabhutA Adi rASTrasevAvirodhI pradarzanoMse samAjakI bhAvanAko vipathagAmI na kareM : ( rAjadrohI saMgaThanoM kA vinAza ) dvayorapISyatoH dvaidhIbhAvaM kurvIta // 68 // apane rAjyazvaryale IrSyA karanevAle, virodhake hI liye sammi lita honevAle mANDalika rAjAoM yA do vyaktiyoM taka meM apane kRTaprayogoMse pArasparika dveSa paidA karake, una IrSyAluoM kI mahatvAkAMkSAko to padadalita tathA unake astitvako viluta karaDAle | vivaraNa - rAjyavirodhI baDe saMgaThanoM ke saMbandha meM satarkatAkA to kahanA hI kyA rAjyavirodhI do vyaktiyoM takako virodhI dala banAkara saMgaThita honekA avasara na pAne de | Page #88 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vyasanAsakti se hAni ( vyasanAsakti se hAni ) na vyasanaparasya kAryAvAptiH // 69 // - 67 1 vyasanAsakta se saphala karma nahIM ho pAtA vivaraNa - vyasanAsaktakA karma phaladAyI nahIM hotA / kyoMki vyasanAsaktakA karma utsAha, dRDhatA, saMkalpa tathA AtmavizvAsa se hIna hotA hai isaliye usake kiye karma niSprANa hote haiM / usakA mana vyasanAsaka hone se saba samaya kartavyabuddhise bhraSTa banakara rahatA hai| rAjAkI rAjakAryoM meM niSThA taba hI ho sakatI hai jaba vaha prajAraMjanako apanI tapazraryAke rUpameM svIkAra karake tapasvI jIvanako apanAye / rAjAke liye rAjadharmapAlana se bhinna yA mahatvasaMpanna dUsarA koI bhI kartavya dharma svabhAva yA pravRtti svIkaraNIya nahIM hosakatI / rAjadharmapAlana hI rAjAke manuSyadehadhAraNakI sArthakatA hai / vyasanI rAjA svayaM to naSTa hotA hI hai apane sAtha rASTrako bhI naSTa kara DAlatA hai / vyasanahIna dhIra rAjA yA rAjyAdhikArI hI buddhimAn mAne jAte aura prazaMsA pAte haiN| unake hI kAma sunizcita karmaphalavAla hote haiM / samaya zakti yA dhanakA girAvaTa meM upayoga 'vyasana' kahAtA hai / kAmaja tathA kopaja doSa vyasana kahAte haiN| mAnavadharmazAstra meM rAjA ke dasa (10 ) kAmaja tathA ATha ( 8 : kopaja bhedase 18 prakArake vyasana ginAye haiM / 1- AkheTa, 2- jumA ( zataraMja tAza, lATarI, ghuDadauDa, saTTe Adi), 3- sakalakArya vinAzaka divAnidrA, 4- paranindA, 5- vyabhicAra, 6- madyapAnajanita pada, nRtya, 8- gIta, 9- vAditra, 10 vyartha bhramaNa ye dasa kAmaja vyasana haiM 9- kisIpara mithyA doSAropaNa, 2- mithyApratiSThA ke durAmaise kisIkI saccI bAta na mAnanA, 3- niraparAdha se vyaktigata dveSa, 4- parazrIkAtaratA ( dUsaroMke guNakA asahana ), 5- dUsaroMke guNoMmeM doSodbhAvana, 6 - paradhanApaharaNa tathA parAye dhanakA apratyAvartana, 8- tADanAdi ye ATha prakAra ke kopaja vyasana haiM 1 durvacana, 61 - 60 ' indriyavazavartI caturaGgavAnapi vinazyati // 70 // indriyoMkA AjJAkArI asaMyatendriya rAjA samasta prakArakI senAoMse susajjita honepara bhI naSTa hojAtA hai / Page #89 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi vivaraNa- indriyAsaktakI karmazakti kuNThita ho jAtI hai| yaha bAta sUtrake " bhapi " zabdase kahI gaI hai| indriyAsaktakI samasta karmazakti usakI indriyAsaktimeM hI klAnta samApta aura gatArtha hokara dUsarA koI bhI mahatvapUrNa karma karaneke yogya hI zeSa nahIM rahatI / asaphalatA ho indriyAsatoMkI amiTa lalATalipi yA kamarekhA banajAtI hai| pAThAntara- indriyavazavartino nAsti kAryAvAptiH / indriyAdhInakA koI bhI kArya siddha nahIM hotaa| pAMca jJAnendriya, pAMca karmendriya, tathA mana pratyeka samaya majJAnI manuSya ke jJAna, saMyama, vicAra tathA zAntirUpI dhanako curA curA kara use saMsAra. rUpI paNyazAlAmeM vyartha vyaya kara DAlanA cAhate haiN| indriyoMko vazameM na rakhanevAle rAjA yA rAjyadhikAriyoM ke inheM apanA jJAnadhana curA lene dene para ve kAma jinheM karanA unakA kartavya hai nizcita rUpameM phalahIna rahate haiN| kArya to saMyatendriya logoMke hI saphala hote haiN| jIyantAM durjayA dahe ripavazcakSurAdayaH jiteSu nanu lokAyaM teSu kRtsnastvayA jitaH paravAnarthasaMsiddhau nIcavRttirapatrapaH / avidheyendriyaH puMsAM gauriveti vidhayatAm / bhAravi tuma apane hI dehameM rahanevAle cakSu Adi indriyarUpI gharelU durjaya zatru. oMko vijita banAkara rakho / yadi tuma unheM jItakara rakhoge to nizcaya jAno ki tuma vizvavijayI bana cukoge| avazendriya mAnava svArthasAdha nameM parAdhIna nIcavRtti nirlaja hokara pazuoMke samAna dUsaroMkI adhInatAmeM mAjAtA hai| jisakI apanI indriyAM taka apane vazameM nahIM haiM, jo apanI indriyoM takapara apanA zAsana sthApita karane meM asaphala ho rahA hai, nizcaya hai ki vaha apanI caturaMga senAko bhI kartavyaniSTha na rakhakara use bhI apanI indriyoM ke samAna hI kartavyabhraSTa banAye rkhegaa| usake asaMyata manakA Page #90 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ tase hAni kuprabhAva senApara bhI paDegA aura use bhI asaMyata kartavyahIna uttaradAyitvahIna nikammA banADAlaMgA / jaise indriyAsaktakA mana, kAma, krodhAdi ripuoMke AkramaNase patita hojAtA hai. isI prakAra usake rAjyAdhikArapara mAkramaNa karanevAle zatruke mAkramaNake avasarapara usakI senAkA nikammApana usake patanakA kAraNa bane vinA nahIM rhtaa| (tase hAni ) nAsti kArya dyUtapravRttasya / / 71 // dyUtAsakta loga kartavyahIna hote haiN| vivaraNa- dhUtAsakta loga kartavyakA mAhvAna Anepara dhairyacyuta ho jAte haiN| aisI kartavyadveSiNI dyUtAsakti rAjAkA rASTravAtI aparAdha hai ! pAThAntara-- nAsti kArya drutapravRttasya / avicAra aura bhadhaiyase zIghratAmeM mAkara kAma prAraMbha kara denevAleke kAma siddha nahIM hopAte / sahasA vidadhIta na kriyAmavivekaH paramApadAM padam / vaNuta hi vimazyakAriNaM guNalubdhAH svayamava saMpadaH // bhAvi manuSya sahasA koI bhI kAma na kare / aviveka parama bhApattiyoM kA ghara bana jAtA hai / saMpattiyoMko bhI guNoMkA lobha hotA hai| guNoMkA lobha rakhanevAlI saMpattiyAM vicArakara kAma karanevAloMko apane Apa mAkara varatI haiN| sucintya coktaM suvicArya yatkRtam / sudIrghakAlepi na yAti vikriyAm // viSNuzarmA sucintAse bole vAkya, tathA suvicArase kiye kAma lambe kAla taka bhI nahIM bigaDate / manuSya pariNAmapara dRSTi DAle vinA tathA pUrvApara paryAlocana kiye vinA kisI kAmameM hAtha na ddaale| upasthita karmapara sUkSma buddhise Page #91 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasutrANi vicAra karake hI use karanA cAhiye / socakara karanA cAhiye / karake socanekA koI artha nahIM hai / taba to pachatAnA hI pachatAnA hotA hai| kAmaja kopaja vyasanoMke doSa dikhAnekA prasaMga cala rahA hai, isa kAraNa duta zabdako apagaTha mAna lenA paDatA hai / isa pAThase vicArakI zaMkhalA TUTa jAtI hai| (bhRgayAse hAni ) magayAparasya dharmArthI vinazyataH / / 72 // AkheTavyasanIke dharma aura artha ( kartavyapAlana tathA jIvanamAdhanoMkA saMgraha aura rakSA ) donoM hI naSTa hA jAte haiM / arthapaNA na vyasaneSu gaNyate // 73 // jIvanasAdhanoMke saMgrahako icchA vyasanAma nahIM ginI jaatii| vivaraNa-dhana jIvana yAtrA, rASTarakSA tathA rASTronnatikA sAdhana hai| ata: dhana kadApi tyAjya nahIM hai / dhanAsakti yA kRpaNatA hI tyAjya hai| ajarAmaravatprAjJo vidyAmartha ca cintayat / gRhIta iva kezeSu mRtyunA dharmamAcaret / / manuSya apaneko ajara, amara mAnakara vidyopArjana aura dhana saMcaya karatA hai / parantu dharmakA upArjana to tatkAla kare aura isa buddhise kare ki mautane bhAkara merA kezapAza pakaDa liyA hai, jo kucha dharma karanA hai isI kSaNa kara leN| manuSya phirake liye dharmako na ttaale| adhika sUtra- artheSu pAnavyasanI na gaNyate / madirAsakta loga mahatvapUrNa kAmoM meM vizvAsa karane yogya nahIM hote| (kAmAsaktise hAni ) na kAmAsaktasya kAryAnuSThAnam / / 74 // kAmAsakta caritrahIna vyakti kisI bhI kAmako ThIka nahIM kara sktaa| Page #92 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kaThora vANIse hAni vivaraNa - yadi rASTrako pavitra rakhanA ho to usakA ekamAtra upAya yaha hai ki rAjyasaMsthAko rASTrIya pavitra tapobhUmikA rUpa dekara rakho / janatA rAjyasaMsthAke anukUla apanA caritra banAtI hai / rAjyasaMsthAkA svabhAva ho rASTrakA svabhAva banajAtA hai / kAmI loga sUkSma kAmoM meM dhyAna nahIM de sakate, unakA mana ekAgra honA nahIM jaantaa| unheM sauMpe kAryoM meM rAjyako hAni hotI aura suphalakI saMbhAbanAyeM naSTa ho jAtI haiM / kAma eSa krodha rajoguNasamudbhavaH r: 1 mahAzanA mahApApmA viddhayanamiha vairiNam // 65 eSa ( zrImadbhagavaGgItA ) kAma hI krodha hai / kAma hI kisIse pratibaddha honepara krodha banajAtA haiM / yaha rajoguNase utpanna hotA hai / yaha mahAbhojI he / kAmakA peTa sArA saMsAra pAkara bhI nahIM bharatA / yaha mahApApI hai / yaha apane svArthase saMsArabharakA sarvanAza karaneko prastuta hojAtA hai / yaha yadyapi Upara se dekhane meM bhogadAyI mIThA mitra aura hitaiSI lagatA hai, parantu tuma isakI mitratAke dhoke meM mata rho| tuma ise apanA zatru mAnoM aura isase bacakara raho / kAmena rAvaNo naze devarAjA'pi garhitaH / ' kAmakI dAsatA se rAvaNa vo apanI jAna se hI hAtha ghobaiThA aura indrane kAma kI dAsatA karake apane para amiTa kalaMka lagA liyA / " ( kaThora vANAMse hAni ) agnidAhAdapi viziSTaM vAkpAruyyam // 75 // kisIko marmabhedI aruntuda vAkya kahanA agnidAha se bhI adhika dukhadAyI hotA hU~ / vivaraNa- kaThora karkaza azlIla vANI bolanA bhI eka mahA duyesana hai / manameM krokke uddIpta honepara vANA meM pAruSya AjAtA hai / marmabhedI puruSa karkaza kadama azlIla vANI duSTa manameM se hI nikalatI hai / Page #93 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi isase zrotAke manameM krodha baDhakara bhAvI vivAdake bIja bo diye jAte haiM / zastrakA ghAva to marajAtA hai parantu vANIkA ghAva jIvanabhara nahIM bhara pAtA / paruSa vANIkI paidA kI huI zatrutA jIvanabhara nahIM miTatI / pAThAntara- agnidAhAdapi vizeSye vAkpAruSyam / vAkpAruSyako agnidAhase bhI adhika kSobhajanaka jAnanA caahiye| ( kaThora daNDase hAni ) daNDapAruSyAta sarvajanadveSyo bhavati // 7 // daNDadAtAke manameM vyaktigata dveSa yA roSa AjAnese daNDake kaThora hojAnepara vaha nyAyAdhIzake pavitra Asanase patita hokara janatAkA dveSabhAjana banajAtA hai| vivaraNa- isaliye daNDAdhikArIko daNDameM kaThora na honA caahiye| rAjya prajAmoMkI zubhecchAoMpara hI ThaharA rahatA hai| isaliye rAjyasaMsthAmeM kAma karanevAle loga sadA prajAkA hArdika anumodana pAte rahane tathA kSobha utpanna na hone denevAlI nIti apanAyeM / prakRtikA kSoma azA. nti tathA rASTravinAzakA kAraNa banajAtA hai / daNDapAruSyase kaunasI bAta kisako kitanI cubha jAya aura kSubdha prakRtimese kaba koI kyA karabaiThe isakI koI nizcita kalpanA nahIM kI jAsakatI / logoM meM bananta prakArakI zaktiye aura pravRttiye soyI par3I rahatI haiN| rAjya saMsthAke kAryakartAoMko apanI bhalose janatAmeM rAjyavirodhI pravattiye na jAgane denekI sAthadhAnatA rakhane ke liye apanI uttejaka ucchRkhala daNDapravattiyoMpara pUrNa zAsana rakhanA cAhiye tathA atyanta sAvadhAnatAse daNDameM bhaucityakA sugaMbhIra saniveza karanA cAhiye / daNDa sadA aparAdhake anurUpa honA cAhiye tathA aparAdhIko hI milanA cAhiye, niraparAdha ko nhiiN| aparAdhIkA yathAvidhi. nigraha hI ' daNDa ' kahAtA hai / abhiyukta vyakti rAjyadhikAriyoMke vyakti gata dveSakA pAtra honepara anyAyapUrvaka daNDa pAjAtA hai / isa sUtrameM usa daNDako hI nindita kiyA jArahA hai| Page #94 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Arthika saMtoSakI ghAtakatA ( Arthika saMtoSa kI ghAtakatA ) arthatoSiNaM zrIH parityajati // 77 // rAjyalakSmI aparyApta rAjakoSase santuSTa hojAnevAle, usakI vRddhi meM udAsIna upekSAparAyaNa naiSkAvalambI rAjAko tyAga detI hai vivaraNa- rAjakoSake asalI svAmI agaNita prajAkA pratinidhitva karanevAle rAjAke lie apaneko rAjakoSakA svAmI samajhanA tathA samajhakara ase paryApta mAna baiThanA bhrAnti hai| rAjakoSakA sadupayoga hI usakI vRddhikA anivArya kAraNa hotA hai| rASTrIya dhanako rASTrakI AvazyakatAoMpara nyaya na karake use koSameM dabA baiThanA cAhanevAle kRpaNa rAjAke dhanAgamake samasta mArga anivAryarUpase avaruddha hojAte haiM aura usakA pariNAma usakA rAjyazrIhIna hojAnA hojAtA hai| rAjyazrI, hastagata arthamAtrako paryApta mAnakara usIse santuSTa hobaiThane vAle tathA isa udyogako mAge na baDhAnevAle evaM upArjita marthako rASTrakI ucita mAvazyakatAoMpara vyaya na karanevAle rAjAko choDa jAtI hai / "asantuSTA dvijA naSTAH santuSTAzca mhiibhujH|" asantuSTa brAhmaNa tathA santuSTa rAjA naSTa hojAte haiM / rAjyasaMsthAkA saMbandha rASTra ke manuSyamAtrase hone ke kAraNa usakI AvazyakatAyeM ananta hai| rAjAke liye arthasantoSanAmakI koI sthiti vAMchanIya nahIM hai| rAjya ke sambandhameM arthasantoSa vinAzaka kalpanA hai| pAThAntara- arthadUSakaM zrIH prityjti| zrI arthadUSaka ( arthAt dhanako kutsita kAmoM meM bahA denevAle . apavyayI tathA kutsita upAyose upArjana karanake icchuka ) manuSyase muMha moDa letI hai| vivaraNa- kutsita upAyoMse bhAnevAlA dhana mAtA hI AtA acchA lagatA hai / vAstavameM to vaha gharake dhana ko bhI na karanevAlA hotA hai| Page #95 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi utsAhasampannamadIrghasUtraM kriyAvidhijJa vyasanadhvasaktam / zUraM kRtakSaM dRDhasauhRdaM ca lakSmIH svayaM mArgati vAsahetoH // ( viSNuzarmA ) lakSmI nivAsake liye utsAhI, adIrghasUtrI, kriyAkuzala, vyasanoMse alaga rahanevAle, zUra, kRtajJa, dRDhamitra manuSyako DhUMDhatI phirA karatI hai / ( zatrudamana daNDanItipara nirbhara ) 68 amitro daNDanItyAmAyattaH // 78 // kyoMki tumhAre zatrukI hAnipradatA, prabalatA yA nirbalatA tumhArI daNDanItikI DhilAI yA satarkatApara nirbhara karatI hai isaliye apanI daNDavyavasthAko ThIka rakho / vivaraNa -- yadi tumhArI daNDanIti DhIlI hogI, aparAdha karanevAle zatruoM ke aparAdhoMkI upekSA kara rahe zatru prabala hojAMyage aura unheM tumhAre viruddha khulakara mila jAyegA / isa avasthA meM tuma apane hI rASTrameM apane zatru baDhA rahe hoMge / yadi tuma daNDanIti arthAt zaSTadamanakArI ucita upAyoM ko nahIM jAnoge aura pUrNa satarka hokara unheM nirantara kAmameM nahIM lAoge, to tumhAre zatruoMkA bala pakaDajAnA anivArya hojAyegA / jaba tumhArA satarka jAgarUka daNDa rASTrasevAkI bhAvanAse prerita hokara daNDanIya logoMke pAsa anivArya rUpa se pahuMcatA aura unake pApI sirapara caDhakara baiThA rahegA taba hI tuma nirvaira niSkaNTaka rAjya bhoga sakoge / rAjyakI razmi pakar3anevAle logoM ko daNDanItikA jJAna tathA use prayogameM lAne ke DhaMgoM kA pUrA paricaya anivArya rUpa se honA caahiye| daNDakA ucita prayoga na jAnanevAle loga hAtha paira joDane mAtra se usa praznakI rASTrIya mahattAko bhUlakara use apanA vyaktigata prazna mAnanekI bhUla karake zatruoMko kSamA kara baiThate haiM aura antameM unhIMse mAre jAte haiM / itihAsa meM isakI bahutasI sAkSI vidyamAna hai / yadi tuma rASTrIya hoge, to tumhAre khelane kA avasara durbhAgya se bhArata bahuta dinoMse apanI rAjazaktimeM daNDanItikA prayoga karanA choDabaiThA hai / vaha apanI daNDanItikI DhilAIrUpI bhUlase vinAza Page #96 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ daNDanIti prajAkI saMrakSaka para vinAza pAtA calA mArahA hai aura usakI rASTrIyazakti chinabhijJa hotI calI ArahI hai| jaba taka bhArata daNDanItikA saccA pATha nahIM sIkhegA taba taka usakI svatantratA marumarIcikA banI rahakara vAstavikatAse dUra khaDI rahegI aura bhAratake loga zAntike sAMsa nahIM le sakeMge / aisI vikaTa sthiti meM bhArata ke pratyeka nAgarikakA kartavya hai ki vaha isa daNDanItiko apane dezakI rAjazaktimeM pratiphalita karake dezakI saccI sevA kare / parantu dhyAna rahe ki bhAratavAsI loga isa daNDanItiko dezakI rAjyazakti meM taba hI mUrtimAna kara sakate haiM jaba ve apane sAmAjika jIvana meM pratyeka satyadrohI aura dezadrohIke sAtha, cAhe vaha mitra, putra, bhrAtA yA ghaniSTa saMbandhItaka kyoM na ho, isa daNDanItiko rASTra kalyANakI bhAvanAse prayogameM lAyeM / jaba taka bhArata ke loga dezadrohiyoMke sAtha bhI sambandha banAye rakhanevAlI apanI mamanuSyocita duryala bhAvanAko hRdayase nikAla bAhara nahIM kareMge taba taka bhAratakI daNDanIti bhAratakI rASTrazaktike Upara apanA supra. bhAva sthApita karane meM anaMtakAla taka bhasamartha banI rhegii| ( daNDanIti prajAkI saMrakSaka ) daNDanItimadhitiSThan prajAH saMrakSati / / 79 // rAjA daNDanItikA adhiSThAtA rahakara hI prajAkA saMrakSaNa karane meM samartha hotA hai| vivaraNa- rAjA prajAke kalyANakI dRSTise daNDanItikA pramAdazUnya sArvadika sArvatrika prayoga karatA rahakara hI prajApAlana karasakatA aura apane svAmitvako saTala rakha sakhatA hai / daNDanIti hI rAjAkA astitva banAye rakhanevAlA ekamAtra sAdhana hai / daNDanIti meM tila barAbara bhI pramAda ho jAnese rAjyazrIpara ghAtaka prahAra hone lagate haiN| usakA anivArya pariNAma rAjyakA naSTa bhraSTa hojAnA hotA hai| daNDanIti hI rAjyake zatruoMko damana karanevAlA ekamAtra sAdhana hai| rAjyasaMsthAko duSTanigrahakA satarka kaThora kartavya karanA paDatA hai| usakeUpara samasta rASTrako rakSAkA gambhIra uttaradAyitva rahatA hai| use rAjya Page #97 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi kaNTakoM kA mukhamardana karaneke liye pratyeka samaya satarka aura sannaddha rahanA paDhatA hai / use kisI bhI daNDanIya vyakti ke mithyAvinayase prabhAvita hokara rASTrIya aparAdhiyoM ko bhUlakara bhI kSamA na karanI cAhiye aura nira parAdhako daNDita karake prajA meM kSobha utpanna nahIM hone denA cAhiye / daNDaairat daNDa milane kI acUka vyavasthA rahanI hI cAhiye / pApIko kSamA tathA niraparAdhako daNDa milajAnese deza meM pApakI vRddhi, use protsAhana tathA rAjyakI zatruvRddhi hotI haiM / rAjyavyavasthAkI isa bhUlase deza kI rAjazaktikA daNDanIya AtatAyI logoM ke hAthoM meM phaMpa jAnA anivArya hojAtA aura prajAmeM hAhAkAra maca jAtA hai| usakA antima pariNAma rASTraviplava hotA hai / taba AtatAyiyoM ko zAntipriya janatAkA AkheTa karanekA avasara mila jAtA, raktakI nadiyoM badda nikalatI aura strIbAlahatyA, vyabhicAra, lUTapATa, hatyAkAMDa Adi atyAcAra binA roka Toka hone lagate haiM / AjakA bhArata yaha saba AMkhoMse dekha cukA hai aura dekha rahA hai| rASTrameM nRzaMsatA bhraSTAcAra, atyAcAra AdikA khullamakhullA naMgA nAca hone laganA hI rAjyazaktikA AtatAyI ke hAthoMmeM cale jAnekA spaSTa pramANa hai / jo rAjyasaMsthA pApiyoMko ucita daNDa diye binA unakI cATUkti yA utkocase vazameM jAne lagatI, pApiyoMkI cATukAritA karane lagatI aura niraparAdha zAntipriya nAgarikoMko apanA vyaktigata zatru banAkara unheM daNDita karane lagatI hai, vaha rAjyasaMsthA svayaM hI pApI aura AtatAyI hotI hai / vaha rAjyasaMsthA lUTakA hI ThekA hotI hai / aisI rAjyasaMsthAke prabhAvakSetra meM prajApIDanakI mahAmArI phaile binA nahIM rahatI | sajjana satAye jAne lagate aura pApI zakti sira uThA letI hai| ucita daNDaprayogake binA arAjakatA phaila jAtI aura duSToMke utsAha baDha jAte haiM / rAjA yA rAjyadhikArI jAneM ki daNDa unakI vyaktigata AvazyakatA nahIM. hai / daNDa to rASTra meM mAtsya nyAyakI rukAvaTa bane rahaneke liye rASTrabhara kI AvazyakatA hai / daNDaprayogake binA prajAmeM mAtsyanyAya calapaDanA ani Page #98 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ daNDanIti prajAkI saMrakSaka vArya hojAtA hai / prajA jaba rAjya saMsthAvAloMko bhI prajAkA AkheTa karatA dekhatI hai taba usakI dekhAdekhI bhApasa meM hI eka dUsarekA bhAkhera karane lagatI hai| rAjA svabhAvase hI rASTacaritrakA bAdaza bana jAtA hai| rAjA samasta prajAkI mAMkhoM ke sAmane anukaraNIya kAnUnoMkA rUpa laMkara bhAkhaDA hotA hai| rAjAkA pApa sahasraguNa hokara prajApara barasane lagatA hai| adhika kyA kaheM daNDake aviveka duSprayoga tathA DilAIse rAjya saMsthA hI naSTa bhraSTa honAtI hai / rAjyoM ke astitva, daNDanItike samucita prayogase hI surakSita rahate haiN| pApIko kSamA milanA yA daNDa na milapAnA hI niraparAdhoMko daNDa milanA hojAtA hai / pApIkA rakSaNa niraparAdhakA vadha bana jAtA hai / jisa rAjyasaMsthAmeM pApiyoMko kSamA mila jAtI hai, jo rAjyasaMsthA pApiyoMkA bAla bAMkA karane meM samartha hojAtI hai, mAna lIjiye ki vaha svayaM hI mAtatAyI bana gaI hai| pApIko kSamA yA araNDa hI rAjAkA AtatAyIpana hai| pApako kSamA mUDha logoM kI bhrAnta dRSTi meM ziSTatA pratIta honepara bhI vicakSaNoMkI dRSTi meM rAjAkA hI mAtatAyIpana hotA hai| rASTra meM se pApako dezanikAlA denekI dRSTi se pApIko kSamA karanA bhayaMkara rASTrIya aparAdha hai| ziSTarakSA, aziSTadamana, rASTrIya zAntirakSA Adi saba daNDakA hI uttaradAyitva aura mAhAtmya hai / daNDanAti yA daNDadharmameM aparAdhIko cAhe vaha kAlI gAya hI kyoM na banatA ho, kSamA karanekA koI aucitya nahIM hai| isaliye rAjyasaMsthAko ziSToMkI rakSA, aziSToMke damana tathA rASTrakI zAntirakSAke liye ucita daNDa denevAlI banakara rahanA cAhiye / rAjanItike vidyArthI jAne ki aparAdhIke prati nakSamA zatruse pratizodhakA avismaraNa ye donoM guNa rASTroM kI jIvanarakSAke liye anivAryarUpase bhAvazyaka haiN| koI bhI rASTra kinhIM anubhavahIna mithyA upadezakoM ke upadezase prabhAvita hokara apanI daNDanItiko DhIlA na kare / rASTragnA nAmaka dharmapAlana ke liye zAntighAtaka pApI dezadrohiyoM ko miTA DAlanA rAjAkA rASTrIya kartavya hai / usa samaya vizAla rASTra ke vyApaka kalyANakI dRSTi se ye kaThora samajha hue kAma bhI dharmakI zreNI meM mAte haiN| Page #99 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi daNDaH zAsti prajAH sarvA daNDa evAbhirakSati / daNDaH supteSu jAgarti daNDaM dharmaM vidurbudhAH // ( manu ) daNDanIti hI prajApara zAsana karatI aura vahI duHsAhasiyoMse prajAkI rakSA karatI hai / daNDa sote huoM meM bhI jAgatA hai / vidvAn loga daNDako hI dharma batAte haiM / pAThAntara 72 daNDanItimanutiSThan prajAH saMrakSati / ( daNDakA mAhAtmya ) daNDaH sampadA yojayati // 80 // 1 daNDa hI rAjA yA rAjako samasta saMpattiyoM se yukta banAtA hai / vivaraNa - daNDa nyAyakA paryAyavAcI hai / daNDa ho nyAya hai / prajA daNDase hI vazameM rahatI hai| prajAke rAjyasaMsthA ke vazameM rahane se hI saMpattiyeM rAjA ke pAsa ahamahamikayA hoDa lagAkara bhAne lagatI haiN| rAjya meM daNDavyavasthA na rahane se kraya vikraya, khAna, bhAkara, Ayakara, taTakara, RNadAna, RNAdAna, nyAyAnyAya, ghaTTa, hATa Adi Ayake samasta mArga ruka jAte aura bar3e loga choToko kuTakara khAne lagate haiM / taba dezameM upadrava khaDe hojAte haiM / yahI rAjyanAza yA sampadvinAzakI sthiti banajAtI haiM / ucita daNDavyavasthA hI rASTrako vinAzase bacAtI aura rAjya tathA rASTra donoM ko saMpanna banAye rakhatI hai / pAThAntara - daNDaH sarvasampadA yojayati / ( daNDabhAva se hAni ) daNDAbhAve mantrivargAbhAvaH / / 81 / / rAjya meM daNDanItike upekSita honepara rAjA sumantriyoMse parityakta ho ( kara kumantriyoM ke vazameM A ) jAtA hai 1 vivaraNa- dezavidezasaMbandhI daNDanItike sadupayoga ke liye zreSTha vicakSaNa mantriyoMkI AvazyakatA hotI hai / daNDakI upekSA karanevAloMko sumantriyoM ke sthAna meM durmantriyoMkI bhIDa ghera letI hai / taba rAjAkI svecchAcAritA baDhakara rAjyako nirmUla kara DAlatI hai / Page #100 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ daNDAbhAvale hAni 72. pAThAntara-daNDAbhAve trivargAbhAvaH / gaSTa meM daNDavyavasthAkA sthAna na rahane para trivarga arthAta dharma, artha, kAma tInoM ArakSita hokara naSTa hojAte haiN| daNDa na honepara duSTa prabala hojAte haiM / taba prajAke trivargake vinAzase deza meM hAhAkAra macajAtA hai / rAjabhiH kRtadaNDAstu zuddhayanti malinA janAH / kRtArthAzca tato yAnti svarga sukRtino yathA // pApI loga rAjAoMse daNDa pA pAkara zuddha honese kRtAya hokara puNyAmmA banakara puNyAtmAoM ke samAna hI svarga pAjAte haiN| athavA-- 'kSayaH sthAnaM ca vRddhiza trivagoM nItivedinAm ke anusAra kSaya sthiti tathA vRddhi nItijJoMke trivarga haiM / daNDakI ucita vyavasthA na rahanepara na to zatrukSaya hopAtA hai, na apanI zaktikI bhitti dRDha pratiSThita hotI hai. tathA na zakikI hI vRddhi hotI hai| ina tInoM ke abhAvakA avazyaMbhAvI pariNAma zatrakI vRddhi, apanI zaktihAni tathA rAjyavyavasthAkA unmUlana hotA hai| dagaDa hI rAjyavyavasthAkI AdhArazilA hai| daNDa aura nyAya paryAyavAcI zabda haiN| jo daNDa hai vahI nyAya hai| jo nyAya hai vahI daNDa hai| anyAyI daNDavyavasthA to AsurI saMgaThana hai| asuravinAza hI rASTra dharma hai| vadho'rthagrahaNaM caiva pariklezastathaiva ca / iti daNDavidhAna daNDo'pi trividhaH smRtaH / / daNDa vidhAna ke vizeSajJoMne prANadaNDa, arthadaMDa tathA tADanAdi bhedase daNDako tIna prakArakA batAyA hai| rASTrameM asuravinAzinI daNDavyavasthA na rahanese aSTavargakA vinAza ho jAtA hai| kRSiNikpatho durgaH setuH kuMjarabandhanam / khanyAkarabalAdAnaM zUnyAnAM ca vivecanam // kRSi tathA hATakI vyavasthA, durga, setu, yAtrAsAdhana, khAna, koSa, sainya. saMgraha tathA zUnya saMpattiyoMkA viveka ( arthAt unakA upayoga tathA unapara prajAvargameMse kisIkA svAmitvasthApana ) yaha rAjyakA aSTavarga kahAtA hai| Page #101 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 74 cANakyasUtrANi ( daNDake lAbha ) na daNDAdakAryANi kurvanti // 82 // apagadhazIla loga nigraha,tADana, vadha tathA arthadaNDake bhayase vidhAnavirodhI nItihIna kAryose nivRtta rahane lagate haiN| vivaraNa- pApazIloMkA daNDa bhaya se pApase nivRtta rahanA hI dharmakA gaja kahAtA hai / kyoMki dharma hI dharma, artha aura kAmakI rakSA karatA hai isaliye dharma hI trivarga kahAtA hai| daNDena sahitA oSA lokarakSaNakArikA / ( mahAbhArata) rAjazakti daNDako apane sAtha rakhakara hI lokarakSA karane meM samartha hotI hai| daNDaH saMrakSate dharma tathaivArtha vidhAnataH / kAmaM saMrakSata yasmAt trivargo daNDa ucyate // (mahAbhArata ) kyoMki daNDa hI dharma, artha tathA kAma tInoM kI rakSA karatA hai isaliye daNDa hI trivarga kahAtA hai| pAThAntara- daNDabhayAdakAryANi na kurvanti / (daNDa AtmarakSaka) daMDanItyAmAyatta mAtmarakSaNam / / 83 // daNDanItiko ThIka rakhane para hI AtmarakSA ho sakatI hai| jilakI daNDanIti abhrAnta hotI hai, usIkI bhAramarakSA sunizcita hotI hai / rAjAkA vipadvijaya kevala isI bAtapara nirbhara karatA hai ki usakI daNDaprayojaka nIti kyA hai aura kaisI hai ? prajAkA kalyANa hI rAjAkA mAtmakalyANa tathA prajAkI rakSA hI usakI AtmarakSA hai| prajAke kalyANase alaga rAjAkA kalyANa yA usakI rakSAse alaga usakI rakSA nAmakI koI vastu nahIM hai / prajAke astitva se alaga rAjAkA koI astitva nahIM hai| rAjA prajAkA hI pratIka hai| rAjA apane rASTrakA sabase pahalA mukhya nAgarika hai| dUsare zabdoM meM prajA hI rAjAkA rUpa le letI hai aura svayaM hI apanA zAsana yA Arama Page #102 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ rAjAkI AtmarakSAkA rASTrIya mahattva 75 rakSA karatI hai / rAjA prajAke anumodanase hI rAjA banatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki prajAkA ahita karanevAle rAjAkA miTajAnA saMsArakI aTala ghaTanA hai / jo rAjA svecchAcArI banakara rAja puruSoM kI eka alaga zAsaka jAti banAnekI bhUla kara baThatA hai, vaha nizcaya hI apane Rra hAthoMse AtmahatyA kara latA hai / isa dRSTi se rAjAko apanI kara (Taiksa ) denevAlI prajA, mantrI, purohita, yuvarAja, senApati, dvArapAla, kArAgArAdhipati, koSAdhyakSa, kAryaniyojaka, daNDapAla, durgapAla, rASTrapAla, aTavIpAla, guptacara bhAdipara apanA prabhutva sthira rakhate hue tathA apanI daNDanItikA yathAyatha prabhAva DAlate hue AtmarakSA karanI caahiye| ina sabapara apanA prabhAva banAye rakhanA tathA iname se kisakio bhI apane Upara prabhAva sthApita karanevAlA na banane denA, rAjAkI rAjakIya prAsAdoM meM baiThakara karanekI sumahatI tapasyA hai| yaha tapasyA hI usakI daNDanIti hai / isameM vaha jahAM kahIM bhUla karatA hai vahIM mAra khA baiThatA aura bhakSita hojAtA hai| (rAjAkI AtmarakSAkA rASTrIya mahattva ) Atmani rakSite sarva rakSitaM bhavati / / 84 / / rAjAkI AtmarakSA rahanepara hI samasta rASTra rakSita rahatA hai| vivaraNa- rAjA samasta rASTrako sadicchAoM tathA zaktiyoM kA mUrta pratinidhi hotA hai / usapara pratyakSa mAkramaNa honA rASTra para mAkramaNa honA, usakA parAbhUta hojAnA rASTrakA parAbhUta honA hojAtA haiM / rAjApara mAkramaNa yA usakA parAbhava gaSTa kI avasthAko rAtrimeM dIpakahIna gharake samAna andhakAramaya banADAlatA hai| isaliye rAjA loga, apanI daNDaistatAse ahaMkArAbhibhUta na baneM aura daNDanItikA durupayoga na kreN| ve aisA karake prajAke zatru tathA durAcArI svArthI mAtatAyiyoMke mitra na baneM aura rAjyadroharUpI bAtma droha karake AtmaghAta na kreN| AtmAyattau vRddhivinAzau // 85 / / manuSya ke vRddhi aura vinAza apane hI adhIna hote haiM / Page #103 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi vivaraNa- rASTrako vRddhi yA samuccheda rAjA prajA donoMkI yogyatA ayogyatApara nirbhara hote haiM / subuddhise vRddhi tathA kubuddhi se vinAza hotA hai| rAjAke yogya honepara hI rAjyakA vistAra hotA tathA usake nItihIna madyapa, durAcArI, vyabhicArI, AkheTavyasanI, juArI tathA nirguNa honepara suzAsana na rahanese rAjyako nizcita hAni hotI hai| ( daNDaprayogameM sAvadhAnatA ) daNDo hi vijJAne prIyate / / 6 / / daNDakA prayoga samajhakara kiyA jAnA caahiye| vivaraNa- daNDakA yathArtha svarUpa hI aisA hai ki usakI samyaka mAlocanA karanepara sadasadvicArarUpI jJAnamayo sthiti anivAryarUpase prakaTa hotI hai| dekhate haiM ki choTe choTe jhagaTe ucca nyAyAlayotaka pahuMcakara vahAMke nyAyAdhIzoMko cakarA dete haiN| ve kise daNDa deM yaha samajhane meM asamartha raha jAte haiM / aparAdhIkA pakaDA jAnA tathA aparAdha siddha honA haMsI khela nahIM hai / ina saba dRSTiyoMse daNDa uttejita hokara, kisI vyakti, dala yA saMpradAyase prabhAvita hokara, yA apane kisI kSudra svArthakI bhAvanAse prerita hokara prayoga karanekI vastu nahIM hai| daNDakA prayoga sakSma vicAra kara lene para hI ucita hotA hai| yadi daNDako bAhya prabhAvoMse bacA liyA jAya to vaha svabhAvase abhrAnta ho jAtA hai| pAThAntara- daNDanItyAdi vijJAne praNIyate / daNDanItikA prayoga sAparAdha niraparAdhakA pUrNa viveka ho cukanepara hI kiyA jAnA cAhiye / nIlakaNTha bhaTTane ' daNDanItiH prajApAlana vidyA' daNDanItiko prajApAlanakI vidyA nAmase kahA hai| vAstava meM prajApAlanakI vidyA hI daNDanIti kahAtI hai / (rAjAkI avajJA rASTrIya aparAdha ) durbalopi rAjA nAvamantavyaH / / 87 // rAjAko durbala sAdhAraNa mAnavamAtra mAnakara usakI avajJA na kre| Page #104 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ rAjAkI yogyatAkA pramANa 77 vivaraNa- kyoMki rAjA akelA hI samasta prajAzaktikA pratinidhi hotA hai, isa kAraNa usake akelepana meM samasta prajAzakti svabhAvase sammilita rahatI hai| yahI rAjAkA vAstavika svarUpa hai / nAstyagnevilyam // 88 // jesa Aga kabhI dubala nahI hotI, jaise usakA kSudra bhI visphuliMga Idhanake saMyogase mahAgni banakara vizAla vanoM ko phUMka DAlanekA sAmarthya rakhatA hai, isIprakAra jina logoMmeM rAjyazrI prakaTa hotA hai, ve kSudrazakti dIkhanepara bhI apanI antarnihita saMgrathanAtmaka zaktiyoMsa janatAke sahayogase aneka sAdhana pAkara prabala hokara avamantAke liye bhayaMkara bana jAta hai| vivaraNa- isaliye rAjazaktiko thoDA mAnakara use kevala vyaktigata rUpa meM dekhakara upekSA karanA ucita nahIM hai / jo rAjA prajAse alaga apanA vyaktitva rakhane kI bhala karake apane kSudra anuyAyiyoMkI saMkINa zAsakajAti banA letA hai, vaha svayaM hI janatAkI upekSAkA pAtra banajAtA hai| jaba taka rAjA prajAke sAtha rahatA hai taba taka prajA bhI usake sAtha lagI rahatI hai aura use mahAzakti banAye rahatI hai / ( rAjAkI yogyatAkA pramANa ) daNDe pratIyate vRttiH // 89 // rAjAkI vRtti ( arthAt sampUrNa zAsakIya yogyatA yA vize. patA) usakI daNDanIti ( arthAt usakI prajApAlanakI vidyA yA kalAmeM yA kalA ) se prakaTa hotI hai| pAThAntara-daNDe praNIyate vRttiH| prajAkI vRtti ( arthAt prajAko jIvanayAtrA ) duHsAhasI logoMpara nyAyadaNDakA prayoga hote rahane para hI ThIkaThIka calatI hai / deza meM nyAyadaNDakA abhAva ho jAne para logoM ke pArasparika vivAdoMse jIvikAkI hAni Page #105 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi hokara lokayAtrA ruka jAtI hai / taba prajA rAjAke viruddha vidroha karanepara vivaza hojAtI hai / 78 ( rAjacaritra arthalAbhakA AdhAra ) vRttimUlamarthalAbhaH || 90 // rAjyabhIkI prApti rAjAke caritrapara nirbhara hotI hai / vivaraNa --- rAjyaizvarya kA lAbha caritramUlaka yA daNDanIti ke ucita prayogase hI hotA hai / rAjA prajA donoMkA caritra ThIka honepara hI daNDanItikA ucita prayoga hotA rahakara donoMko aizvaryalAbha hotA hai / cAritrika suvyavasthA yA deza meM mAnasika zAnti aura sadicchAoMke vAtAvaraNake binA aizvaryalAbha asambhava hai / rAjazaktike bhraSTAcArI hojAnepara prajAmeM zAnti, saumanasya, sadAcAra dharma Adiko pravRttiyeM na rahane yA paidA na kI jAnese dharmakI aura usIke sAtha anivArya rUpa se dhanArjanakI bhI mahatI hAni hotI hai / prajAko jIvana ke sAdhanoMke aprApya hojAnese vidroha tathA lokakSaya hojAtA hai / rASTrameM sukhazAnti tathA samRddhi rahane ke liye rAjA prajA donoM meM dhArmika pravRttiyoM kA honA rASTrake dhanI honese nyUna Avazyaka nahIM hai / adhArmika rASTrakA bAhyataH dhanavAna honA vAstava meM dhArmika janatAkI daridratAkA dyotaka hotA hai| kisI adhArmika rASTrake dhanI honekA artha yaha hai ki vahAM ke dhArmika loga daridra haiM / parantu dhArmika logoM kI daridratA rASTrakA abhizApa hai / isaliye hai ki rASTrakI dhArmika janatA hI vAstava meM rASTrakA saccA pratinidhi hai / rASTrakI adhArmika janatA to rASTrakI zatru hotI hai pratinidhi nahIM / vaha svArthavaza hokara rASTrakI hAnikI ora se AMkha mIcaletI haiM / isa kAraNa use rASTra ke nAma se sammAnita na karake rASTradrohI hI samajhanA cAhiye / adharma se upArjitadhana dezake dhArmikoMko satAnevAlA bana jAtA hai| dharmaadharmakA yaha devAsura saMgrAma AjakA nahIM hai / yaha to sadAse calA A rahA hai / adharmopArjita dhanase dhanavAna banajAnevAle rASTrake bAhya dRSTise dhanavAna banajAnepara bhI usa rASTrakI Abhyantarika sthitimeM rASTraviplava ke bIja varta - 4 Page #106 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dharma tathA kAmakA AdhAra 72 mAna rahate hai aura ve prajAmeM rASTranIti ke prati asantoSakA rUpa lekara rahate haiM / ye rASTaviplavake bIja antameM rAjyako vidhvasta karaDAlate haiN| athavA- rAjA prajA donoMkA aizvarya prajAkI jIvanayAtrAke akSuNNa calate rahane arthAt prajAke upArjanasAdhanoMke nirvighna bane rahanepara hI nirbhara hotA hai| pAThAntara- vRttimUlo'rthalAbhaH / marthalAbha prajAko zAnta sthitipara nirbhara karatA hai| __(dharma tathA kAmakA AdhAra ) arthamalau dharmakAmau // 91 // (aihika kartavyoMke pAlanake sAtha sAtha mAnasika utkarSa rUpa ) dharmakA anuSThAna, tathA rASTrakI kAmanAoM (arthAt abhAvoM yA AvazyakatAoM) kI pUrti, rAjyazvaryakI sthiratApara hI nibhara rahA karatI haiN| vivaraNa- arthake binA dezahitakArI karmoM meM dAna tathA bhoga nahIM hotaa| parantu isakA yaha artha na liyA jAya ki manuSya jipta kisI abhadra upAyase upArjana kare / isa prakArakA dhanopArjana mAnavako azubha karmoM meM pravRtta karake usakA sarvanAza kiye binA nahIM mAnatA / isIse mahAbhArata meM kahA hai- "parityajedarthakAmau yo syAtAM dharmavarjitau" manuSya usa artha aura usa kAma yA bhogako tilAMjali dede jo mAnavadharmake anurUpa na ho, jo manuSyatAkI hatyA kara de / dharma, artha, kAmakA trivarga samAna bhAgameM pAlita honepara hI rASTrake liye kalyANakArI hotA hai / kevala dharma, kevala artha yA kevala kAma avyAvahArika tathA antameM mAnavako pachADa DAlanevAlI pravatti haiM / ye tInoM eka dUsareke avadhyaghAtaka arthAta bhAbhimabuddhi se pAle jAte raheM, isImeM mAnavakA kalyANa hai| dharma tathA kAmake upayogameM mAnA hI bhayaMkA abhiprAya yA usakI sArthakatA hai / artha tathA kAma dharmake anu. gAmI honepara hI sArthaka hote haiM / anyathA adharmopArjita artha to anartha Page #107 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasutrANi banajAtA tathA adharmaprApta kAma anarthotpAdaka honese rASTrakA koI abhAva pUrA na karake, use abhAvagrasta manuSyatAhIna tathA kaMgAla banAkara naSTa kara detA hai / 80 ( rASTrIya kAyAkA AdhAra ) arthamUlaM kAryam / / 92 / / artha kAryoMkA mUla hotA hai / vivaraNa rAjyazrI hI rAjazaktikI karmaNyatAko saMrakSikA hotI hai / laukika kAma bhI sAkSAt yA paramparayA dhanadhAnyadise hI niSpanna hote haiM / jaise parvatase nadiyAM nikala kara bar3hane lagatI haiM, isI prakAra pravRddha arthoM se samasta kAma hone lagate haiM / yadalpaprayatnAt kAryasiddhirbhavati // 93 // rAjyazrI pAnepara kArya alpa prayatnase siddha ho jAte haiM / 1 vivaraNa - kyoMki rAjakAjakI siddhi tathA rAjyazrI eka dUsare para samAnabhAva se nirbhara hotI haiM ( arthAt susaMpana rAjakAryoMse to rAjyazrI kI prApti hotI aura rAjyazrI kI prAptise rAjakAja susaMpanna hote haiM ) isa dRSTi se alpaprayatnoM se kArya siddha hone kI bAtakA koI artha nahIM hai / prayatnameM alpatA adhikatAkA prazna hI vyartha hai / kAryasiddhimeM upAyakA hI prazna uThatA hai / kArya upAyoMkI abhrAntatA se hI siddha hote haiN| upAya abhrAnta honepara jitanA prayatna Avazyaka hotA hai, utanA karanA hI paDatA hai aura karanA hI cAhiye | utanA prayatna kiye binA kArya siddha nahIM hopAtA / isIliye agale sUtroMmeM upAyakA prasaMga ArahA hai / isa dRSTile agrima pATha hI prakaraNasaMgata hai | yaha pATha mahattvahIna hai / ( upAyakA svarUpa ) pAThAntara-- yatprayatnAt kAryasiddhirbhavati sa upAyaH / jisa prayatnase jo kAma siddha ho vahI prayatna usa kAryakA upAya kahatA hai / Page #108 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ upAyase kAryameM sukaratA vivaraNa-- sAma, dAma, daNDa, bheda, mAyA, upekSA tathA indrajAla nAmaka upAya kAryasiddhi ke paristhityanupArI sAta upAya haiN| rAjA loga inameMse kAryasAdhaka upAyoMko ThIka ThIka pahacAneM / upAyacintA hI rAjyazrIkI vRddhi kA ekamAtra kAraNa hai / - suvacana tathA sunyavahArase dUsaroMko anu. kUla banAnA 'sAma' nAmakA 4pAya hai / 2- svAdhikRta dranya dUsareko dekara vinimayameM usakI anukUlatA prApta karanA 'dAma' nAmaka upAya mAnA jAtA haiN| 3- zatrukA dhanaprANaharaNa tathA tADana 'daNDa ' nAmakA upAya hai| 4zatrunoM meM paraspara kalaha paidA karanA 'bheda' nAmakA upAya hai| 5- jihma tathA anRtale zatrukI pravaMcanA karanA 'mAyA' nAmakA upAya hai / 6- zatruse masahayoga ' upekSA ' nAmakA upAya hai / 7- zatruke viruddha SaDyantra 'indrajAla' nAmakA upAya hai| ( upAyase kArya meM sukaratA ) upAyapUrvaM na duSkaraM syAt // 24 // kArya upAyapUrvaka karanese duSkara nahIM rhtaa| vivaraNa- kArya avyartha upAyakA avalambana kara nepara sugama ho jAtA hai| katavyameM duSkaratAkA koI artha nahIM hai| kartavya sadA mAnavIya sAma. 84 ke adhIna hotA hai| jo aisA nahIM hotA vaha kartavya nahIM hotaa| duSkara samajhe hue kartavya kA artha use karane ke liye prastuta na honA yA kartavyabhraSTatA hI hotA hai| kisI kartavya ke liye prastuta na honA hI usakI kaThina. nAkA rUpa hotA hai / jyoM hI manuSya kisI kartavya ke liye udyata hotA hai tyoM hI kartavyasaMpAdaka sAdhana anivArya rUpase saMgRhIta ho jAte haiM / kamyamAnake vighnako haTAne ko anicchA hI kaThinatA bana jAtI hai| kaThinatAke prati kaThora hote hI kaThinatA su jharanAmeM pariNata ho jAtI hai / sace logoM kA hArdika saMbandha kartavya ke bAhya rUpa se na hokara kevala usa ke nizcaH yAtmaka rUpake sAtha hotA hai / kartavya ke bAhaH bhAtika rUpakA kartavyako Page #109 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 82 cANakyasUtrANi paribhASAke sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hotA / kabhI kabhI aisA bhI hotA hai ki manuSya katavyako bAhyarUpa dene meM asamartha raha jAtA hai| parantu kartavyako mAnasika rUpa prApta hote hI kartavya sAkAra ho jAtA hai| kartavyako bAhyarUpa milanA prAkRtika svIkRti para nirbhara hotA hai / jJAnI to kartabyake mAbhyantarika rUpako hI mukhyatA detA hai| manuSyako nizcayAtmikA buddhi ho kartavya tathA kartavya kSetra hotI hai| manuSya ke pAsa nizcayAtmikA buddhikA na honA hI kartanyakI kaThinatAkA yathArtharUpa hotA hai / mAnavameM nizcayA. rimakA buddhikA prakaTa ho jAnA hI kartavyakI sugamatA hai| ___ manuSya kA~meM yA to svArtha yA kartavyabuddhi do hI bAtoMse pravRtta hotA hai| inameMse mUrkha saMsArakA bahumata kevala svArtha se karma karatA hai aura upA. yoMke garhita garditapanepara koI dhyAna nahIM detaa| parantu vicArasampanna loga karuNA bhAdi udAtta mAnavIya guNoMse preraNA pA pAkara kartavyabuddhise karma kiyA karate aura upAyazuddhipara apanA saMpUrNa dhyAna kendrita rakhate haiM / ve kAmakI saphalatAko itanA mahatva nahIM dete jitanA upAyoMkI sAdhutAko dete haiM / ve to prApta sAdhanoMke sadupayogako hI saphalatA mAnate haiM / pAThAntara--- upAyapUrva kArya na duSkaraM syAt / ( anupAyase kAryanAza ) anupAyapUrva kAryaM kRtamapi vinazyati // 95 / / pahile upAya sthira kiye binA prAraMbha kiye hue kArya naSTa ho jAte haiN| vivaraNa- upasthita kartavya meM kaunase sAdhana yA upAya upayukta hoMge? isakA niNaya tabho hosakatA hai, jaba pahale tAtkAlika kartavyake sambandhameM nizcayAtmikA buddhi bana cukI ho / kartavya kI bhrAnti hI kartavya karAtI hai / kartabyake sambandha meM andhere meM rahakara kartavya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| apane kartavyako jJAnanetrase spaSTa dekhanevAlA hI kartavya kara sakatA hai| bhakartavya karanA aura kartavya tyAganA hI svIkRta kartavyakaM naSTa hone kA Page #110 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jIvana meM upAyakA mahattva 83 svarUpa hai / kartavyanAza yahI kahAtA hai ki manuSya kartavyako to tyAga de aura akartavya karane lge| kartavyase bhraSTa hokara jo bhI kucha kiyA jAtA hai vaha niSphala hI hotA hai| sacce kartavyameM niSphalatA nAmakI koI sthiti saMbhava nahIM hai / kartavyako yaha kaisI mahatvapUrNa sthiti hai ki kartavya svayaM hI saphalatA hai| sarace kartavyazIla loga kartavyake phala se na baMdhakara, isake phalake milane na milane ke sambandhameM udAsIna rahakara, kartavyapAla. nako hI kartavyakA phala mAnakara aura usI meM apanA jIvanasAphalya jAnakara, use apanA pUrNa manoyoga dekara karate haiN| kartavyazIla logoM kI acUka saphalatAkA yahI rUpa hotA hai / ( jIvana meM upAyakA mahattva ) kAryArthinAmupAya eva sahAyaH / / 9.6 // upAya hI kAryArthiyoMkA saccA sahAyaka hotA hai| vivaraNa- upAya kAryArthiyoMko dasoM dizAoM meM surakSita rakhanevAlA tathA zatrapara vijaya pAnekI yogyatA denevAlA, saJcA bala yA sAthI hai| kartanyazIla loga kAryakI AvazyakatAke anusAra apanI nizcayAtmikA buddhise sAmAdi upayukta sAdhanoMkA nirNaya karake apanI vijaya ke sambandhameM niHsandigdha, vijayotsAha se zaktimAna tathA anukUla pratikUla phaloMke prati nirapekSa hokara apane bhApako kartavyameM jhoMka dete haiM / isaliye kAryArthI loga siddhi taba hI pA sakate haiM jaba ve kAryopayogI upAyoMko abhrAnta rItise socakara kartavyapAlanake santoSarUpI sindriko pahalese hI apanI muTThImeM lekara ( arthAt siddhi asiddhi meM nirapekSa rahanevAlI pUrNatAmayo sthitimeM rahakara) hI karmameM pravRtta hoN| ve siddhi pAnekA yaha mAvazyaka rahasyamaya siddhAnta kabhI na bhUleM ki siddhiyAM siddhoM ko hI prApta huA karatI haiM / siddhiyAM apaneko masiddha mAnanevAloMke gale meM jayamAlA kamI nahIM DAlatIM / bhAravi kavine ThIka hI kahA hai Page #111 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi yazodhigantuM sukhalipsayA vA manuSyasaMkhyAmativartituM vA / nirutsukAnAmabhiyogabhAjAM samutsuke vAikamupaiti siddhiH // (1) saphalatAyeM yA to yazasvI banane, (2) bhautika sukha pAne, yA (3) zreSTatama manuSya banajAne ke liye phalasiddhi ke saMbandhameM kisI bhI prakArakI utsukatA na rakhakara tanmaya hokara kartavyapAlanameM juTa paDanevAle logoMkI godoM meM utsuka hokara svayameva mAvirAjatI haiN| ( kartavyapAlana hI jIvana kA lakSya ) kArya puruSakAreNa lakSyaM sampadyate // 17 // kArya puruSakArameM AjAne ( arthAt kartavyarUpameM svIkRta ho cukane ) ke pazcAt lakSya bana jAtA (arthAt phalakA sthAna lekara phalako gauNapakSameM DAla detA yA svayaM hI mukhya phala bana jAtA ) hai| vivaraNa- kartavyako susaMpanna karalenA hI kartavyaniSTha logoM kA mukhya dhyeya bana jAtA aura pariNAma pradhAnapakSameM calA jAtA hai| jaba manuSya isa bhAvanAke sAtha kartavyapAlanakA santoSa upArjana karaletA hai taba apaneko itanese hI kRtakRtya mAnaletA hai / isake atirikta kartavya samApta hone para bhanizcita rUpameM kabhI bhAne aura kabhI na bhAnevAle bhautika phalakI dainya. janaka AkAMkSA usake pUrNakAma hRdayako abhAvagrasta aura pratIkSaka nahIM bnaapaatii| kartavyameM udyama utsAha adhyavasAya honepara hI kArya banatA hai / kArya puruSArtha hoke anusAra saMpanna hotA hai| puruSArtha ke binA kisIko kucha pAnekI mAzA karanekA koI vaidha adhikAra nahIM hai| jisa kAmameM jitanI zakti vyaya karanI bhAvazyaka ho utanI avazya karanA hI puruSArtha kahAtA hai| isa sUtrameM vartamAna puruSArtha ko hI upAdeya batAyA gayA hai / nItijJoMne kahA hai--- " devaM nihatya kuru pauruSamA mazavasyA" o mAnava, tU daivakA hanana Page #112 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ karmottarakAla devakA kSetra ". " arthAta upekSA karake Atmazakti se puruSArtha kara / na hi suptasya siMhasya pravizanti mukhe mRgAH | mRga sote siMhakI bhUka miTAneke liye usake muMhameM svayaM nahIM ghusate / yadyapi prAkRtika prabandhane unheM usake liye niyata kara rakhA hotA hai to bhI use unheM bhojyarUpameM pAneke liye hAthapaira mArane hI paDate haiM / zivamaupayikaM garIyasIM phalaniSpattimadUSitAyatIm / vigaNayya nayanti pauruSaM vijitakrodharayA jigISavaH // 85 krodhAvezapara vijaya pAlenevAle sthiracittaloga bhaviSya meM nizcita vijaya dilAnevAlI nairAzyahIna mahatvapUrNa saphalatAko apanI muTThImeM bhA - cukI huI mAnakara kalyANakArI upAyoMko puruSArthakA rUpa dedete arthAt - unheM kAryarUpa meM pariNata karadete haiM / ( puruSArtha kI prabalatA ) puruSakAra manuvartate devam // 98 // hai daiva puruSArthake pIche calatA 1 vivaraNa -- daivake bharosepara kartavya nirNaya nahIM hotA / kartavyapAlanameM devakA koI sthAna nahIM hai| manuSyako daivako dRSTise bAhara rakhakara hI puruSArtha karanA paDatA hai | puruSArtha hI mukhya hai / deva gA~Na hai| jo karanA hai vaha puruSArtha hai, jo karacuke vaha deva hai / manuSyakA vartamAna se saMbandha hai / bhUtake sAtha usakA nirbharatAkA saMbandha nahIM hai / ( karmakA uttarakAla devakA adhikAra kSetra hai, karmakAla nahIM ) devaM vinAtiprayatnaM karoti yattadviphalam // 99 // daiva arthAt bhAgyakI anukUlatAke binA uttama rIti se kiyA huA kartavya bhI bhautika phalase rahita hotA hai / vivaraNa - bhAgyako anukUlatA ke bharosepara rahA jAya to kartavya prAraMbha hI nahIM kiyA jAsakatA / yadi bhAgyakI anukUlatAse bhautika saphalatA Page #113 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 86 cANakyasUtrANi 1 tathA pratikUlatA se niSphalatA nizcita hojAya to karma karanekI bhAvazyakatA hI na rhe| isa dRSTise manuSyakI daivAzritatA puruSakArakA virodha karatI hai / puruSArtha se kartavya karanA bhavitavyatAkI upekSA karake hI saMbhava hotA hai / bhaviSyakAlIna bhautika saphalatA, viphalatA manuSyabuddhi ke liye ajJeya hotI hai| bhautika saphalatA viphalatA ke sAtha mAnavajIvana ke jayaparAjayakA koI sambandha nahIM hai / bhautika saphalatA viphalatA donoM meM se koI bhI ho pratyeka paristhitimeM vijayI jIvana bitAte rahanA mAnavajIvanakA lakSya hai / anekavAra puruSArtha honepara bhI kArya siddha nahIM hote| isI kAraNa gItA devako kAryake pAMca kAraNoMmeMse eka kahA hai 1 adhiSThAnaM tathA kartA karaNaM ca pRthagvidham / vividhAzca pRthak ceSTA daivaM caivAtra paMcamam // ( 1 ) AdhArasthAna, ( 2 ) kartA, (3) bhinna bhinna kAraNa, ( 4 ) nAnA prakArake pRthak pRthak vyApAra, tathA ( 5 ) daiva ye pAMca kAraNa zArIra, vAcika tathA mAnasa kamoMke kAraNa hote haiN| cANakya jo kahanA cAhate haiM vaha yaha hai ki manuSya karmake prArambha meM devAzrita na ho / yadi vaha prAraMbha meM hI devAzrita ho jAya to karma prAraMbha hI nahIM ho sakatA / yaha Avazyaka hai ki manuSya karmako prAraMbha karate samaya deva arthAt anivArya bhautika pratikUlatA anukUlatAkI upekSA kare / jaba karma prAraMbha kara dene para tathA samasta buddhivaibhava vyaya karadenepara bhI kAma na ho taba deva arthAt bhautika paristhitikI pratikUlatAko kAraNa mAne aura use apano niSphalatA samajhakara duHkhI na ho / manuSya puruSArtha karane se pahile daivako na mAne yA usapara dhyAna na de / puruSArtha samApta ho cukane ke anantara daivakA adhikAra hotA hai| karma prAraMbha karanese pahile daivake vicA kA koI prasaMga nahIM hai / karmakI prAraMbhAvasthA meM daivakA vicAra karanese manuSya bhAgya bharose, dIna aura anutsAhI hokara naSTa hojAtA hai| karmake Page #114 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vilambakAritva kAryakA dUSaNa prAraMbha meM puruSArthakA kAma hai| karma karacukanepara vaha daivake aMdhere kSetra meM calAjAtA hai / 87 ( avyavasthita cittatAkI hAni ) asamAhitasya vRttirna vidyate // 100 // avyavasthita cittavAle puruSake pAsa vRtti ( arthAt sadvRtti arthAt sadvyavahAra karAnevAlI sadbhAvanA ) nahIM rahatI / anIha mAnasya vRttirna vidyate / pAThAntara devAzrita hokara nizceSTa baiThe rahanevAle ke pAsa jIvanayAtrA ke sAdhanoMkA abhAva hojAtA hai / vivaraNa -- aSTamAna anudyogIkA jIvana vyarthatAkA krIDAkSetra bana jAtA hai / vaha pAThAntara prakaraNAnukUla hai / ( kartavyatAnizcaya se anantara kAryArambha ) parva nizcitya pazcAt kAryamArabhet // 101 // kAryArambha karane se pahale usakI anivAryakartavyatA, usake phalAphala, usakI nIti tathA upAyake sambandha meM abhrAnta hokara pIchase kAmameM hAtha DAlanA cAhiye | (6 vivaraNa - socakara karanA cAhiye / karake socanekI sthiti pazcAttApa bharI niSphala sthiti hai / avicAritakAryeSu pramAdAH sampatanti hi / vinA vicAre kAryoM meM pramAda tathA pramAdase utpanna honevAlI vipattiyAM anivArya rUpa se bAkhaDI hotI haiM / isaliye pahale karmasaMbaddha samasta sAmagriyoM tathA cintAoMkA saMkalana karake tatra kAma prAraMbha karanA cAhiye / ( vilambakAritA kAryakA dUSaNa ) kAryAntare dIrghasUcitA na kartavyA // 102 // " karmake madhya meM kartavyabhraSTatArUpI yA ativilambakAritArUpI dIrghasUtratA na karanI cAhiye / vivaraNa - kartavyako lambA karanA yA " abhI zIghratA kyA hai 31 Page #115 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi isa buddhi se kartavya ke madhya meM kartagyAntara cheDanA yA bhAla syake duSTa bhogake liye kartavyako sthagita rakhanA dIrghasUtratA hai| ghaNTebharake kAmameM dinabhara jitanA samaya na lagAnA cAhiye / jaba manuSya kartavyako kartavya nahIM sama. jhatA taba usameM kartavyabhraSTa rahane tathA use ati vilambase karanekA doSa bhAjAtA hai| nAlasAH prApnuvantyarthAn na zaThA na ca mAninaH / na ca lokaravAd bhItA na va H zvaH pratIkSakAH / / AlasI, dIrghasUtrI, zaTha, mAnI, lokaravase bhayabhIta tathA kala kalaka pratIkSAmeM kartavyakA samaya khonevAloMke kAma siddha nahIM hukSA karate / (cavalacittatAkI hAni ) na calacittasya kAryAvAptiH / / 103 // calacitta ( arthAt asthira, adRddha manavAle AdarzahIna lakSya bhraSTa) vyaktike kAma pUre nahIM huA krte| vivaraNa- manakI masthiratA, adRDhatA, AdarzahInatA, tathA lakSyabhraSTatAse kAryoMkA madhya meM hI vyAghAta hokara karmaphala aprApta rahajAtA hai| samasta kArya manake sthira honese hI susaMpanna hote haiN| manakI sthiratAse buddhikA vikAsa aura usase kArya meM dakSatA prApta hotI hai| padhitratA hI manakI sthiratA tathA apavitratA hI manakI asthiratA hai| manako tatvajJAnase paricita rakhanA hI usakI sthiratAkA ekamAtra upAya hai| gItAke zabdoM meM na hi jJAnena sadRzaM pavitramiha vidyte"| isa saMsAra meM tatvajJAnasA pavitra kucha bhI nahIM hai| jIvana meM se Aropita vastuoMkA bandhana haTakara anAropita vastukA parijJAna hojAnA hI tatvajJAna hai / ( prApta sAdhanoMke anupayogase hAni ) hastagatAvamAnanAta kAryavyatikramo bhavati // 104 / / hAthake sAdhanoMkA sadupayoga na karanese kAryakA nAza ho jAtA hai| Page #116 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ nirdoSa karmokI durlabhatA vivaraNa- kAryasiddhi meM prApta mAdhanoMke sadupayogakA jo mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai use ThIka ThIka samajhanA cAhiye / saMsArake mUha loga prAyaH kAryasiddhi ke liye aprApta sAdhanoM ke pIche to bhaTakate haiM, parantu prApta sAdhanoMke mUlyako nahIM mAMkate aura unheM anupayukta paDA rahane dete haiN| kArya kabhI bhI prApta sAdhanoMke sadupayogake binA siddha nahIM hotaa| kArya hAtha lage sAdhanoMkI avajJA, manavadhAna, heyabuddhi, mahatvahInatAkI kalpanA sAdi doSoM ke kAraNa jaisA cAhiye vaisA nahIM hopAtA / isaliye manuSya kAya hAthameM Ate hI sabase pahale manako prApta sAdhanoMke sadupayogameM avahita kare tathA pariNAma nikalanekA samaya Anetaka usameM kendrita rakam / pAThAntara- hastagatAvamAnAt kAryavyatikramo bhavati / (nidoSa karmokI durlabhatA ) doSavarjitAni kAryANi durlabhAni // 105 // saMsArameM nirdoSa kArya virala hote haiN| vivaraNa- saMsAra meM nidoSa ( arthAta vyaktigata kSuda svArtharahita tathA sArvajanika kalyANameM apanA kalyANa dekhane kI bhAvanAse kiye jAnevAle ) kA~kA prAyaH abhAva pAyA jAtA hai| yadi samAjameM nidoSa karma karanevAlI AkheM khula jAya to usameM sukhasaMpattikI mandAkinI bahane lge| prAyaH sArA hI saMsAra svArthabuddhise kaluSita hokara bhacintA tathA avicArase kAma karatA hai / isIliye samAja meM sukhotpatti na hokara duHkhoMkI hI utpatti ho jAtI hai / loga apanI kSudra bhApAta dRSTikaM kAraNa vyaktigata svArthoMke hI pIche dauDate haiN| ve apane akalyANameM pravRtta hokara sacce kalyANake sambandhameM aMdhe bane rahate haiM / saMsArakA bahumata karake pachatAnevAloMkA hai / parantu socakara karanevAloMkA saMsArameM prAyaH abhAva hai| manuSyakI isI Tise saMsArameM nidoSa karma virala hogaye haiN| yadi manuSya socakara kAma kare to usake kA~kA nidoSa honA asaMbhava nahIM hai / nirdora kartavya kara. nemeM hI manuSya kI manuSyatAko surakSA aura samAjakA sA kalyANa ho sakatA hai| Page #117 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi ( azubha pariNAmI karma akartavya ) duranubandhaM kAryaM nArabheta / / 106 // manuSya nizcita zubha pariNAma na rakhanevAle kAryoMmeM hAtha na ddaale| vivaraNa- isakA artha yaha humA ki manuSya kAma cheDanese pahile usakI sArvajanikakalyANakAritA, satyanumoditatA, anivAryakartabyatA, guNAguNa, zreSThatA, duSTatA, hAni. lAbha, yaza apayaza Adi samasta dRSTikoNoMpara mAdyopAnta pUrA vicAra karale / yadi vaha kArya isa parIkSAmeM dugnubandha arthAt azubhamizrita siddha ho to use nizrita azubha samajha. kara hI nahIM apanAnA cAhiye / manuSya yaha jAne ki upake pAma AnevAle samamta kAma karaneke hI liye nahIM mAte / unameMse kucha asvIkRta honeke liye bhI bhAte haiN| manuSyake pAsa kucha kAma aise bhI mAte haiM jinheM tyAgane meM hI usakA kalyANa hotA hai| akalyANakArI kartavyoM ko tyAganA bhI kartavya hI hotA hai| ( kAryasiddhimeM anukUla samayakA mAhAtmya ) kAlavita kArya sAdhayet / / 107 / / anukUla samaya ( anukUla paristhiti ) kA pahacAnanevAlA apanA kAma anAyAsa vanAletA hai| dazaM kAlaM tathAtmAnaM dravyaM dravyaprayojanam / upapattimavasthAM ca jJAtvA kArya samArabheta // manuSya deza, kAla, Atmazakti, dravya tathA usakA upayoga, upAya aura avasthAko jAnakara kama kare kaH kAlaH kAni mitrANi ko dezaH ko vyyaagmau| iti saMcintya karmANi prAjJaH kurvIta vA na vA // buddhimAn puruSa kyA samaya hai? kitane sahAyaka haiM ? kyA paristhiti hai ? Page #118 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kAryakAla TalanekA duSpariNAma Ayavyaya kitanA hai ? ye saba bAteM socakara apanI zaktimeM samajhe to kare na samajhe to na kare / kAmakA bhI eka samaya hotA hai / jaise pratyeka miTTIse pAtra nahIM banate isI prakAra prasyaka samaya pratyeka kAma nahIM hote| kAryopayogI samaya mA jAnepara hI kArya hotA hai| vaha kAryake ucita samayako pahacAnanese hI siddha hotA hai| kAryakA samaya bIta jAnese karanA niSphala ho jAtA hai| kAryasiddhi meM kArya ke ucita samayako pahacAnanekA bahuta bar3A mahatva hai| pAThAntara- dezakAlavit kArya sAdhayati / anukUla kAla tathA anukUla deza arthAt paristhitiko ... zeSa artha samAna hai| ( kAryakAla TalanekA duSpariNAma ) kAlAtikramAta kAla eva phalaM pibati // 108 // kartavyakA kAla Tala jAnese kAla hI usakI saphalatAko cATa jAtA hai| vivaraNa- kartavya jisa samajha mUjhatA hai, vahI usakA ucita kAla hotA hai| usase acchA usakA aura koI samaya saMbhava nahIM hai| sRSTiko vyavasthA hI aisI hai ki kartavya ucita samayapara usIko sUjhatA hai, jisakA vaha kartavya hotA aura jise use apane pUrNa uttaradAyitvameM lekara karanA cAhiye / kartavya ke ucita samayako TAladenA usake phalako naSTa karaDAlanA ho jAtA hai / sUjhake samaya hI kartavyako karanA cAhiye / use na to phirake liye TAlanA cAhiye aura na use kartavyahIna manuSyake kaMdhoMkA bojhA banAkara unase use bigaDavAnA cAhiye / kartavyako phirake liye TAla nese phira ke liye upasthita karma usa sthagita karmako nahIM hone dete / AdAnasya pradAnasya kartavyasya ca karmaNaH / kSipramakriyamANasya kAlaH pibati tadrasam // Page #119 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi lenA denA aura kartavya turanta na kiye jAMya to to kAla hI inakA rasa pI jAtA hai / Take hue kartavya kartavya hI nahIM rahate / kartavyakA deza tathA kAla se anivArya saMbandha hai / deza tathA kAla parivartita hote hI kartavya bhI apanA rUpa badala detA yA naSTa kara letA hai / pAThAntara -- kAlAtikramAt kAla evaM tatphalaM pibati / ( kartavyapAlana meM vilamba akartavya ) kSaNaM prati kAlavikSepaM na kuryAta sarvakRtyeSu // 109 // 92 manuSya kisI bhI nizcita kartavya meM kSaNamAtrakA bhI vilamba na kareM / pAThAntara--- kSaNaM prati kAlasvarUpaM darzayati kAlakRteSu // ThIka samayapara kiye kartavyoMkI saphalatA, manuSyako dikhA detI hai ki yaha kAma jisa kSaNa meM kiyA gayA hai vahI isakA sarvottama kAla thA / kAryake ucita samayako pahacAnanA hI manuSya ke sIkhanekI sarvottama kalA hai / ( kArya prArambha karanemeM jJeyatatva ) dezaphalavibhAgoM jJAtvA kAryamArabhet / / 110 // manuSya paristhiti tathA saphalatAkI saMbhAvanA donoMko pUrNa rUpase samajhakara kAma kare / adhika sUtra - deze kAle ca kRtaM phalavat / kamopayogI paristhiti tathA upayukta kAlama kiye kAma hI saphala hote haiM / vivaraNa - kAmakI upayukta paristhiti samaya tathA yogya kartAko DhUMDha nikAlanA kAryasiddhikA mukhya kAraNa hai| sUtra ke cakAra sUcita hotA hai ki kArya ke sambandha meM pAtra ( kartA ) kA viveka karanA bhI Avazyaka hai : Page #120 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viparIta paristhitimeM kArya karanese hAni yogya vyakti karmako kare to vaha saphala hotA hai| usI kAmako ayogya vyakti kara to dhasakA saphala honA nizcita ho jAtA hai| yogyako hI kAmameM lagAnA tathA yogyako hI dAna karanA saphala hotA hai / dAna karane ke samaya tathA dAnake yogya pAtrako pahacAna lene para hI dAnako saphalatA nirbhara karatI hai ! jo jisa vastuko pAnekA vAstavika adhikArI hai vahI usa vastuko pAnekA saccA pAtra bhI hai| deya vastu dAnakA saccA adhikArI na milanetaka dAtAke pAsa dharoharake rUpameM rahatI hai| dAnI use yogya pAtrako dekara usapara koI kRpA nahIM karatA, kintu usakI dharohara lauTAkara svayaM hI RNamuka ho jAtA hai / isa tasvako samajhakara diye hue dAnakA apUrva mahatva hai| (viparIta paristhitimeM kArya karanese hAni ) devahInaM kArya susAdhamapi duHsAdhaM bhavati // 111 // devakI pratikUlatA honepara sukhasAdhya kartavya bhI duHsAdhya dIkhana lagate haiN| vivaraNa- parantu puruSArthI manuSyako karmakI duHpAdhyatA arthAt bhautikasAdhanahInatA dekhakara nirAza na hokara apane prabala puruSArtha se usa karmako sAdhyakoTi meM lAnA hai| puruSArtha ke sAmane duHsAdhyatA nAma kI koI vastu nahIM hai / puruSArtha se manuSyoMne dulaMdhya parvatoMko mArga dene tathA dustara samudroMko apane Uparase jAne dene ke liye vivaza kiyA hai| loga prAyaH pravAhapAtita hokara calane vAle hote haiM / svayaM mArganirdhAraNa karanA bahuta nyUna loga jAnate haiN| loga pasArI prabAhake virudra calane ko hI duHsAdhyatA tathA pravAha ke sAtha calane ko sunAdhya nA mAnate haiM / parantu puruSArthIkI sthiti inase nirAlI hai| usake sAmane saba samaya yahI vicAra upasthita hotA rahatA hai ki kyA jo ho rahA hai, usI ke pIche calanA merA kartavya hai ? yA jo honA cAhiye usIko karanA merA kartavya hai ? puruSArthI kI dRSTi meM pravAhake Page #121 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi pIche calanemeM koI puruSArtha nahIM hai / use to kartavyAkartavya vicAra ke dvAra jo ki eka sacce manuSyako karanA cAhiye use karane meM hI apanA karttApana tathA kartavyapAlanakA santoSa dIkhatA hai| use to jisa kAmameM santoSa milatA hai vahI usake liye susAdhya tathA jisameM asantoSa dIkhatA hai vahI usake liye duHsAdhya hotA hai / devAdhIna rahanese to kartavya duHsAdhya ho ho jAtA hai tathA puruSArthaparAyaNa rahanese kartavya susAdhya banajAtA hai / devAdhIna rahane meM kartavyabhraSTatA hotI hai aura kartavyako tyAganemeM susAdhyatAkI bhrAnti hotI hai| isa bhrAntike viruddha mAnavIya puruSArthako jagAye rakhanA hI isa sUtrakA abhiprAya hai| sUtrakAra spaSTa bhASAmeM kaha rahe haiM ki manuSya devAdhI. natArUpI nikammepanase bace / devAdhInatA bhayaMkara abhizApa hai| pAThAntara- dezakAlavihIna ......... / yogya paristhiti, yogyakAla tathA yogyakartAse hIna kArya anAyAsa sAdhya dIkhanepara bhI kaSTa sAdhya tathA asAdhya hojAte haiM / ( karmameM dezakAlakI parIkSA kartavya / nItijJo dezakAlo parIkSeta // 112 // nItijJa arthAt vyavahArakuzala manuSya paristhiti aura avasara donoMkA pUrNa paricaya pAkara kAma kare / vivaraNa- vaha paristhiti tathA upayogI kAlako binA pahacAne kAma na kare / kartAke pAsa kartanyakI saMpUrNa vivecanA ( sAdhana krama mAAdikA pUrNa paricaya ) honI cAhiye ki yaha kAma amuka samayameM, amuka paristhiti meM mamuka sAdhanoMse, itane zramase isa vidhise ho sakatA hai / bhAravike zabdoMmeM " sahasA vidadhIta na kriyAmavivekaH paramApadAM padam " manuSya sahasA koI kAma bhArambha na kre| manuSya kAryaviSayaka avivekase vipattiyoMkA ghara bana jAtA hai| Page #122 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sarvavidhasaMpatti saMgraha ( suavasarapara karma karanekA lAbha ) parIkSyakAriNi zrIzciraM tiSThati / / 113 / / suavasara pahacAnakara karma karanevAle ke pAsa zrI ( arthAt saphalatA ) niyamase rahatI hai| adhika sUtra- sarvAzca saMpada upatiSThanti / deza, kAla pahacAnakara kAma karanevAleke pAsa samasta saMpattiyAM svayameva AvirAjatI haiN| ( sarvavidhasaMpatti saMgraha rASTrIya kartavya ) sarvAzca saMpadaH sarvopAyena parigrahet // 114 // rAjA sAma, dAma Adi samasta buddhikauzalosa apane tathA prajAke pAsa saba prakArakI mAnavocita saMpattiyoMke saMgraha karane meM prayatnazIla rahe jinase samaya paDanepara apana dezakI uttamottama savA kara sk| vivaraNa- bhUmi, ratna, mAna, dharma, kIrti, suzola, svAsthya, ziSTAcAra, vyavahArakauzala vidyA tathA dezavidezoMkI bhASA Adi saMpatti ke aneka bheda haiN| jaba rAjAko rAjyarakSA Adi tAtkAlika mahatva rakhanevAle kAmoM ke liye dhanakI zrAvazyakatA paDe taba vaha prajAse nyAyapUrvaka dhanasaMgraha kare / vizeSa AvazyakatA paDanepara rAjyakoSako saMpana banAne ke saMba. ndhameM zukrAcArya ne kahA hai devadvijAtizUdrANAmupabhogAdhikaM dhanam / kSINakozena saMgrAhA pravicintya vibhAgataH // kSINa kozavAlA rAjA logoMke upabhogase adhika dhanako AMzika rUpase isa prakAra le ki jisase liyA jAya usake pAsa jIvikAke sAdhanoMkA abhAva na ho jaay| Page #123 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi paurANAM rASTrajAtAnAM grAhyaM sAmnA na cAnyathA / darzayitvA tathA dAyAn grAhya vittaM tato nRpaiH / / tathA zAzvatalakSmIkAn purohitasamantriNaH / zrotriyAMzcaiva sAmantAn sImApAlAn tathaiva ca // gRhaM gatvA prayAceta yathA te tuSTimApnuyuH / rAjA apane puravAsiyoM kA dhana unheM santuSTa yA sahamata karake hI le / asaMtuSTa karake balaprayogase na le / jo le vaha unheM dikhAkara le| kula paramparAse zrImAna cale AnevAloM, purohitoM, zrotriyoM, sAmaMtoM tathA sImApAloMse dhana lene kI AvazyakatA upasthita honepara rAjAko inake ghara jAkara rAjyarakSAke nAmapara dhanayAcanA karanI cAhiye ki jisase ina logoMko dAnakA puNya tathA yaza donoM prApta ho jAMya, ye loga dene meM sammAna tathA gaurava bhI anubhava kareM aura denA apamA kartavya bhI samajhane lageM / ( aparIkSyakAritAkI hAni ) bhAgyavantamaparIkSyakAriNaM zrIH parityajati // 115 // zrI arthAt saphalatA kAryakA suavasara na pahacAnanevAle aparIkSyakArI bhAgyavAnako choDa jAtI hai| vivaraNa- isaliye manuSya sadA karmake bhale bure pariNAma, apanI zakti, deza kAla Adi saba bAtoMke sambandhameM Adise antataka bhale prakAra socakara karma kiyA kareM / pAThAntara --- bhAgyavantamapyaparIkSyakAriNaM zrIH parityajati / / kartavyaparIkSAke sAdhana ) jJAnAnumAnaizca parIkSA kartavyA // 115 // apanI IkSaNa ( anubhava ) zakti tathA vicAra ( UhanA) zakti donoMka sahArase pariNAma ke kAraNoMkA ThIka ThIka patA calAkara kisa kAraNa se yaha kAma isa prakAra honA hai, apanA kartavya sthira kreN| Page #124 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ upAyajJatAkI mahimA vivaraNa- apane vyAvahArika anubhava tathA kalpanAzaktise kamako pUrNa vivecanA kiye binA kAmako apanAnese nizcita hAni hotI hai| ( rAja karmacAriyoMkI niyuktikA AdhAra ) yo yasmin karmaNi kuzalaH taM tasminneva yojayet // 117 // __ jo jisa kAmako karanemeM kuzala ho use usI prakArake karmakA bhAra sauMpanA caahiye| vivaraNa- rASTrake satyaniSTha buddhimAn logoMko mahatvapUrNa kartavyoM meM lagAnese rAjAko yaza, sukha tathA puSkala dhana prApta hotA hai / sthAneSveva niyojyAni bhatyAzcAbharaNAni ca / na hi cUDAmANiH prAjJaH pAdAdau pratibadhyate // bhRtya tathA AbharaNAdikA viniyoga yathocita sthAnapara hI karanA caahiye| jaise buddhimAna loga cUDAmANako paira Adi meM na bAMdhakara sirameM dhAraNa karate haiM isI prakAra rASTra ke uttama koTike logoMko nimnasthAnoMpara na rahane dekara uttamottama padoMpara niyukta karanA caahiye| pAThAntara--- yo yasmin karmaNi kuzalastaM tasminneva niyojyet| ( upAyajJatAkI mahimA ) duHsAdhyamapi susAdhyaM karoti upAyajJaH // 118 // upAyajJa arthAt karmake avyarthasAdhanoMko pahacAnanevAlA buddhimAna vyakti kaThina samajhe hue kAmoM ko bhI sukara vanA letA hai| vivaraNa- yogya logoM ko kAma sauMpanekA zubha pariNAma hI yaha hotA hai ki kaThina kAma meM lagAye hue dakSa loga use bAtakI bAtameM (anAyAsa) kara DAlate haiN| pAThAntara- duHsAdhyamapi sukaraM karoti / kuzala vyakti dussAdhyako bhI sukara banA letA hai| Page #125 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 28 cANakyasUtrANi ( anupAyajJoMke karmoMkI mahatvahInatA ) ajJAninA kRtamapi na bahu mantavyam / / 119 // ajJAnI karmakI saphalatAko saphalatA na mAnakara use Aka smika ghaTanA mAnakara mahatva nahIM denA cAhiye / vivaraNa - ajJAniyoMke kAmoMmeM ayaza, arthanAza tathA duHkha honA anivArya hai / isaliye rAjA loga nirguNa logoM ke bharose saphalatA ke sapane na dekheM | 1 yAhacchikatvAt kRmirapi rUpAntarANi karoti // 120 // jaise ghunakA kIDA bhI padArthoMke AkAra Akasmika rUpase abuddhipUrvaka banA detA hai, jaise usake banAye AkAroMse usakI nirmANakuzalatA pramANita nahIM hotI, isI prakAra svecchAcAra aviveka aura abhimRzyakAritAse kabhI koI kAma saMyogavaza bana bhI jAya to bhI usa avimRzyakArI kartAko usa kAmakA zreya nahIM diyA jAsakatA / vivaraNa - vivekapUrvaka karma hI mAnavakI vizeSatA hai| avivekapUrvaka kiye karmakI saphalatA kAkatAlIya nyAyavAlI ( kAkake baiThane se tADake gira jAne jaisI ) Akasmika ghaTanA hai| na to yatheccha karma karanemeM kalyANa hai aura na karAne meM kalyANa hai / kintu zikSA tathA vivekapUrvaka karma karanemeM hI mAnavakA kalyANa hai / yatheccha karma karanese kAma adhUrA rahajAtA aura niSTa hotA hai / pAThAntara -- yAdRcchikatvAt kRmirapi rUpAntarANi kiM na karoti / kyA Akasmika rUpa se rekhA banAnevAlA kRmi jaisA mUDha prANI bhI bhinna bhinna AkAra nahIM banA letA ? Page #126 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kAryaguptikI avadhi ( kAryaguptikI maryAdA) siddhasyaiva kAryasya prakAzanaM kartavyam // 121 / / karmako kiye jA cukaneke anantara hI use logoMko jAnane denA caahiye| vivaraNa- masampanna kAryako jagavidita hone denese usakA nAza, kleza tathA zatruko use bigADanekA avasara milajAtA hai / isaliye kArya saMpanna honese pahile usakA DhiMDhorA pITanA nItihInatA hai| isase vighna baDha jAte aura kartA bhayogya kahalAne lagatA hai / pAThAntara- siddhasya kAryasya prakAzanaM kartavyam / jJAnavatAmapi devamAnuSadoSAt kAryANi duSyanti // 122 // kabhI kabhI bahutase kAma bhavitavyatAkI pratikUlatAse yA kisI mAnavIya truTise dUSita ho jAne para adhUre raha jAte haiN| vivaraNa- bhavitavyatAkI pratikUlatA honepara karma pUrA honese pahale usakA DhiMDhorA pITanese kartA nindita hojAtA hai / isaliye kAma pUrA honese pahale use kisIko na jAnane de / vajrapAta, bhUkampa, mahAmArI jalapralaya Adi devadoSa haiM / hiMsA, dveSa, virodhiyoMke SaDayantra tathA apanI bhUla Adi kAma bigADanevAle mAnuSadoSa haiN| inase manuSyoM ke kAma bahudhA bigaDa jAte haiM / pratyeka kAmameM bigaDanakI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| isaliye kAma pUrA honese pahile use bar3I sAvadhAnIse gupta rakhanA cAhiye / bRhaccANakyane kahA hai--- viSamAM hi dazAM prApya devaM gahayate nrH| AtmanaH karmadoSAMzca naiva jaanaatypNdditH|| manuSya apanI bhUlake prabhAvase kAryavirodhI paristhitiyoMko pAkara daivako to kosatA hai parantu vaha mUDha yaha nahIM jAnatA ki maiMne apanI kisa bhUlase apanA yaha kAma bigADA hai / Page #127 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 100 cANakyasUtrANi ( daivI vipattiyoM ke sambandhameM kartavya ) devaM zAntikarmaNA pratiSeddhavyam // 123 // bhUkampa, vajrapAta, jalapralaya, jhaMjhAvAta, rASTraviplava tathA AtatAyIke AkramaNa Adi daivI vipattiyoMke dinoM meM vuddhiko sthira aura zAnta rakhakara unakA nivAraNa karanA caahiye| vivaraNa- buddhimAn loga daivI vipattiyoMse ghabarAkara apanI prati. kArabuddhiko kuMThita na hone deM kintu apanI svastha prakSubdha buddhi kA prayoma karake use TAlanekA sudRDha prayatna kareM aura kisI bhI rUpameM vipatti ke sAmane mAtmasamarpaNa na kara baittheN| devI vipattimeM maranA anivArya ho to vijayI hokara mareM; kAyara hokara na mreN| battI, pAna, taila tathA agni saba kucha honepara bhI dIpaka prabala vAyuse bujha jAtA hai| sudRDha vizAla pota jhaMjhAvAtake thapeDoMse DUba jAtA hai| yaha vipatti mAkasmika daivIvipatti hai| daivIvipattike samaya baddhiko sthira rakhanako AvazyakatA hotI hai| daivI vipattiko sthirabuddhitAse hI TAlA jAsakatA haiM / viSNuzarmAke zabdoM meM- ' yAte samudre'pi hi potabhaMge sAMyAtriko vAMchati tartumeva / ' jaba kisI potavaNikakA pota samudra meM bhagna hokara DUbane lagatA hai taba vaha apanI buddhi ke anusAra tairakara jIvanarakSAke samasta upAya eka eka karake dekhatA aura jisa kisI prakAra sAgarako pAra karanA cAhatA hai| isI prakAra buddhimAna loga vipattiko sAmane khar3A dekhakara ghama. rAyeM nahIM / ve apanI samasta buddhikA prayoga karake usa daivI vipattiko TAlanekA matyAjya prayatna kareM aura kisI bhI rUpa meM nirAza na hoN| vipa. ttiyA~ manuSyoMse apanA pratikAra karAneke hI liye usake sAmane bhAtI haiN| dhIratAse unakA pratikAra hI unakA sadupayoga hai| bhavitavyatAkI pratikUlatAke kAraNa utpanna honevAlI mAnasika azA. ntiko vyartha karane kA ekamAtra upAya manuSyakA sthirabuddhi se zAntiko Page #128 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ daivI vipattiyoM kA pratikAra 101 apanAye rahanA tathA use kisI bhI avasthAmeM na choDanA hai / isakA artha yaha huA ki yadi devakI pratikUlatAkI AzaMkA, puruSArthako vyartha karanekA du:sAhasa karanA cAhatI ho to use vyartha karanevAlA ekamAtra upAya manuSyakA sthiratAse apanI zAntipara sthira rahanA hI hai / athavA- devase Aye bhUkampa, vajrapAta, vinAzakAMdhI, durmikSa mahAmArI, rASTraviplava Adi daivI vighna haiN| utpanna vighnoMkA pratikAra karanA tathA bhAvI aniSToMko utpanna honese rokanA zAnti hai| jaise kavacAdi dhAraNa karalenese dehakI zastroMse rakSA hojAtI hai isI prakAra viziSTa upA. yoMse devI vighna bhI zAnta kiye jAsakate haiM / jaise saMyamapUrvaka rahane aura niyamapAlanase AyukI vRddhi, tathA asaMyama aura svecchAcArase bhAyukA hAsa hotA hai, isI prakAra manuSya zAntikAraka, puSTidAyaka laukika vaidika karmoM ke anuSThAnase devI vighnopara bhI vijaya pAsakatA hai / athavA- devake virodhI hojAnepara IzvaropAsanA Adi vizeSa anuSThAnoM dvArA apane kartavyako IzvarArpaNa karake phalanirapekSa hokara apanA tAtkAlika kartavya utsAhameM bharakara karanA caahiye| aise samaya nirAza hokara kartavya. hIna nahIM hojAnA cAhiye / daivI AkramaNa bhI vidhAtAko zubhecchAse hI manuSya ke pAsa Ate haiM / daivI AkramaNa vidhAtAkI mUDha icchAmAtra nahIM hai / ve isaliye Ate haiM ki manuSya apanI sthitiko IzvarArpaNa karanA sIkhe aura usakI ora pravRtta ho| apanI anukala, pratikUla paristhitiyoMko IzvarArpaNa kara dene se manuSya kI ananta Atmazakti. uddIpta houThatI hai / manuSyapara devI mAkramaNa isIko uddIpta karane ke liye hote haiM / daivI AkramaNoMkA yaha bhAva nahIM hotA ki manuSyakI bhAramazaktiko bujhA DAlA jAya / yaha sRSTi manuSyase nirarthaka cheDachADa kabhI nahIM krtii| usakI pratyeka ceSTAkA mAnavajIvanameM mahatvapUrNa upayoga hotA hai / " na mAnuSAt zreSThatama hi kiJcit" (vyAsajI) manuSyase zreSTha isa saMsArameM kucha bhI nahIM hai / manuSya isa saMsArakI sarvazreSTha vastu honepara bhI ajJAnavaza apaneko kSudra mAnane lagatA hai| manuSyakA ahaMkAra hI usakA ajJAna hai jo use kSudra manavAtA hai| Page #129 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 102 cANakyasUtrANi vaha jaba majJAnavaza hokara ahaMkArakakI adhInatA mAna baiThatA hai taba apanI kSudratA anubhava karake yA apaneko kSudra samajhakara bAhya paristhitiyoMse hAra mAnakara karma choDakara baiTha jAtA hai| yadi manuSya apaneko IzvarArpaNa karanekI kalA jAnatA ho to vaha aise samaya apanI samasta paristhitiko IzvarArpaNa karake IzvarakI anantazaktise zaktimAna hokara vikaTatama paristhitiyoM meM bhI karmotsAhI hue binA nahIM rahatA / vipatti Izvarako manuSya ke liye asAdhAraNa mahatva rakhanevAlI dena hai| vaha use vipadvijayakI kalA sikhAne ke liye mAtI hai| vipad bhejanevAlA vidhAtA nahIM cAhatA ki vipad bhejakara apane manuSyabAlakako vinaSTa kara DAlA jAya / daivakI pratikulatAko anukUlatA banAnakI bhI eka kalA hai| vipad manuSya ke pAsa devakI pratikalatAko anukalatA banAkara mAnavajIvana meM puruSArthako vijaya dilAne ke liye hI mAtI hai| ye hI saba bAteM AryacANakya kahanA cAhate haiN| (mAnuSI vipattikA pratikAra ) mAnuSI kAryavipattiM kauzalena vinivArayet // 124 // kArya bigADanevAle mAnavIya vighnoMko apanI satarkatA tathA buddhikauzalase parAsta kare / vivaraNa- isakA artha yaha huA ki manuSya apane karmakI truTihInatAke sambandhameM pUrNa santuSTa aura nizcinta bane / karmakI truTihInatAke sambandhameM saMzayita, ayogya aura akuzala banA rahakara karmameM hAtha lagAnese niSphalatA hotI hai| buddhikI nipuNatA hI kauzala hai / Aga denA, viSa denA, dhanApahAra, guptaSaDyantra, jighAMsA, Adi mAnuSI vipatti haiM / manuSya apane pratibhAcAturyase ina saba vipattiyoMko haTAtA rhe| pAThAntara- mAnuSI kAryavipattiM kauzalena vArayeta / ( mUDha svabhAva ) kAryavipattau doSAn varNayanti bAlizAH / / 125 // mUDha loga kAryameM asaphala hocukanepara yA to apanI una truTiyoMpara pazcAttApa karate haiM, jinheM unheM pahale hI haTAkara Page #130 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mUDha svabhAva 103 phira kAmameM hAtha lagAnA cAhiye thA yA Apasa meM eka dUsarepara kAma bigADanekA doSa lagAkara kartAko lAMchita tathA svayaM nirdoSa samIkSaka bananA cAhA karate haiM / vivaraNa- kAryArambhase pahale usakI agracintA karake samasta saMbhAvita vighnoMke nivAraNakA prabandha karanA hI buddhimattA hai aura karmako truTiko samajhajAnA bhI hai / bigaDe kAmakI haMsI uDA lenA tathA kisI dUsare para kAma bigADanekA lAMchana lagA denA, sukara hai parantu kisI bigar3e kAma kI haMsI ur3A lenA ho aura kisIpara doSa thopadenA hI karmakI truTiko samajha - jAnA nahIM hai / vicArazIla loga karmameM vipatti bAjAnepara dUsaroMpara doSAropaNa karanekI kSudra pravRttiko tyAgakara bigaDe kAryakA samAdhAna karake use sarvAMgapUrNa susampanna banAnevAle samasta saMbhAvita upAyoMko apanAne meM dattacitta hojAte haiM / gacchataH skhalanaM kvApi bhavatyeva pramAdataH / hasanti durjanAstatra samAdadhati sajjanAH // karmakI rIti meM kisI prakArakA pramAda honepara karmameM vighna anivArya rUpase AtA he / usa samaya mUDha loga to haMsI uDAte aura sajjana use ThIka karane ke upAya sujhAte haiM / mUDha loga ghAvako khoja nikAlanevAlI makkhiyoMke samAna doSa hI doSa khojate phirA karate haiM / parantu unheM guNadoSaviveka karanekA adhikAra nahIM hotA / vaha to kevala buddhimAnoMko hotA hai| mUDhako nahIM / daNDIne kahA hai - guNadoSAnazAstrajJaH kathaM vibhajate janaH / kimandhasyAdhikArosti rUpabhedopalabdhipu // jaise andhako rUpoMke bheda jAnanekA adhikAra nahIM usI prakAra buddhiddIna azAstrajJako guNadoSa pahacAnanekA adhikAra nahIM hai| mRDha mAnava karmakI truTi samajhane meM pUrNa asamartha haiN| Upara kaha cuke haiM ki bigaDe kAmakI haMsI uDA lenA hI karmakI truTi samajha jAnA nahIM hai / karmakI truTi samajhane kI kalA vicArazIla logoMkA hI ekAdhikAra hai / Page #131 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 104 cANakyasUtrANi ( vyavasthApaka bholApana na barateM ) kAryArthinA dAkSiNyaM na kartavyam // 126 // kAryArthI rAjyAdhikAriyoMko zatruoMko zaMkAsaM bhare hue dezameM bhAvukatAmeM bahakara udAratA, saralatA, bholApana aura mithyA sacAI na baratanI caahiye| vivaraNa- ve vipakSake doSa khojane aura apanI nirbalatA chipAne meM pramAda na kareM, kisIkA anucita vizvAsa na kareM aura kisIko apanA bheda na lene deN| aisA karanese una aura unake rASTrapara vipatti AjAnA aniva. narya hojaayegaa| nAtyantasaralairbhAvyaM gatvA pazya vane tarUn / saralAstatra chidyante kubjAstiSThanti pAdapAH / / manuSya suparicita suvizvasta logoM ke atirikta aparicita saMdigdha logoM ke sAtha sarala vyavahAra karane kI bhUla na kre| vaha jAkara vanameM dekhe ki vaha sarala vRkSa to saba kATa DAle jAte haiM aura kubja hI khaDe raha pAte haiM / dAkSiNya zabda saralatA aura udAratAkA vAcaka hai| yahAM jisa saralata: aura udAratAko doSa ke rUpa meM upasthita kiyA hai, vaha to cAlAka logoM se dhokhaH dilAnevAlA bholApana hai| devI saMpattirUpI saralatA yA udAratAkA niSadha nahIM kiyA jArahA hai| devI saMpattirUpI saralatA yA udAratAke vyavahArakA kSetra kevala zreSTha loga hote haiM / yahA~ vicArazUnyatA tathA buddhihInatAko hI saralatA, udAratA yA bholApana mAnakara yaha sUtra likhA gayA hai| bhole loga sadA dhUtoMke kapaTajAla meM phaMsaneke liye udyata rahate haiM / ve zatruko hitakArI mitra aura mitrako vaMcaka zatru samajha lete haiN| buddhihIna logoM ke vicArazUnya mana duSToMkI duSTatAko phUlane phalane dene vAle upajAU kSetra bana jAte haiN| duSToM tathA dezadrohiyoMke sAtha kI huI saralatA yA udAratA kisIkI vyaktigata prazaMsAkA kAraNa banakara bhI rASTra ke sAtha to droha hI hai| dezadrohI cApalUsa Page #132 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vyavasthApaka loga bhole na baneM 105 loga dezapara AkramaNa karanevAle zatruoMse sAdhupanakA pramANapatra lenake liye saralatA, ahiMsA bhAdike nAmase dezake sAtha kapaTa aura usakI hiMsA kara baiThate haiN| kSIrArthI vatso mAturUdhaH pratihanti // 127 // dugdhapAnArthI govatsako mAtAke stanoMpara AghAta karanA paDatA hai| vivaraNa- jaise dugdhArthI vatsa apanI AvazyakatAse vivaza hokara apanI pyArI gomAtAke stanoMpara nirmama prahAra karatA dIkhanepara bhI usakA dUdha pItA rahatA hai tathA usake komala stanoMko pIDita karatA dIkhanepara mo pIDita na karake use apane sakhaspazIse Anandita bhI karatA hai, isI prakAra rASTrapAlanArthI rAjA rASTarakSA nAmaka kaThora katanyase vivaza hokara bAhyadRSTi se adharma dIkhane yA nRzaMsa samajhe jAnavAle kApaTika tathA AbhicArika prayogoMse rASTramAtAke drohiyoMkA pUrNa vinAza tathA damana karate samaya adharmAcArImA dIkhanepara apanI satyaniSThatAse apanI dharmamAtAko Anandodvellita karatA rahatA hai / vaha dezadrohiyoM ke sAtha vyavahAra ke samaya asarala, anudAra, sataka unase pUrA badalA lenevAlA unake prati krodhako kabhI na bhUlanevAlA, unaka mAyAjAla se bace rahane ke liye satyako chipAye rakhanevAlA, pApakI bharsanAke liye kaThorabhASI, nirdayavyavahArI tathA pUrA kRpaNa banakara rahatA hai / itanA kiya binA sAdhuparitrANa tathA asAvudamana saMbhava nahIM hai| pApadamanake vyAvahArika kSetrameM dUsaroMse dhokA dilAnevAlI saralatA udAratA, bholepana, kSamA, makrodha, satya, priyabhASaNa, dayAluvyavahAra Adi sadgaNoMke pradarzanakA koI sthAna nahIM hai / pratyeka guNake pradarzanake alaga alaga kSetra hote haiM / saralataH saraloMke hI sAtha vyavahArameM lAneyogya guNa hai / saralatA, saraloMkA hI ekAdhikAra hai / asarala dezadrohI logoM ko dezapremI svadharmaniSTa logoM se sarala bartAva pAnekA koI adhikAra nahIM hai| Page #133 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi ( kAryavinAzakA kAraNa ) aprayatnAta kAryavipattirbhavati // 128 // kAryake liye apekSita sampUrNa prayatna na karanesa kAryakA nAza hojAtA hai| pAThAntara- nAsti devAt kAryavipattiH / prabala puruSArtha karanepara utarapaDanevAloMke kAma devase naSTa nahIM hopaate| vivaraNa- deva puruSArthakI prabalatA hote hI durvala paDakara mahatvahIna hojAtA hai / deva prabala puruSArthase hAra mAna jAtA hai| prabala puruSArthase kiye kartavyakA pariNAma bhautika dRSTi se zubha azubha jo bhI ho vahI puruSArthIke hRdaya meM kartavyapAlanakA AtmasantoSa banAye rakhatA hai / yadi daivavaza bhautika pariNAma zubha ho to usakA yaza puruSArthIko hI miltaahai| yadi vaha azubha ho to usake hRdaya meM kartavyapAlanakA jo santoSa rahatA hai, vaha usake hRdaya meM asantoSakA dAvadAha paidA nahIM hone detaa| puruSArthIke sAmane anukUla pratikala, deva Adi tathA anta donoM hI samaya mahatvahIna mAnA jAkara upekSita rahatA hai| ( asaphala honevAle loga ) na devapramANAnAM kAryasiddhiH // 129 / / pahilese hI asaphalatAkA nizcaya karavaThanevAloMke kAma siddha nahIM hota yA ve koI nayA kAma prAraMbha hI nahIM kiyA krt| vivaraNa- puruSArtha devAzrita logoMmeM nibala banakara rahatA hai| pAThAntara- na devapramANAnAM kAryArambhaH / Page #134 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ andhA mAnava daivAzrita yA bhAgya bharose loga daivake bhayase apanI karmazaktiko tRNake spandanatakase zaMkAlu kachue ke samAna sakoDakara baiTha jAte hai aura koI bhI nayA kAma nahIM cheDate / / ( kartavyase bhAganekA duSpariNAma ) / kAryabAhyo na poSayatyAzritAn / / 130 / / kartavyase bhAgate phiranevAlA AzritoMkA bharaNapoSaNa nahIM krpaataa| vivaraNa- jo vyakti svabhAvase kartavyahIna hotA hai vaha AzritoMke prati bhI apane kartavya kI upekSA karabaiThatA hai| jabataka manuSya zikSA, rakSA, zilpa, vANijya, kRSi mAdi samAjopayogI kAryameM apane dinakA sarvottama samaya vyaya karanA apanA kaThora bhatyAjya kartavya nahIM banAletA, tabataka vaha AzritapAlana nahIM kara sakatA aura parivArapara apanA prabhutva bhI nahIM rakha sktaa| aisA manuSya mAdhunika bhASAmeM "mAvArA" kahAtA hai| ( andhA mAnava ) yaH kAryaM na pazyati so'ndhaH // 131 / / jise apanI vivekakI AMkhase apanA sAmayika kartavya pahacAnanA nahIM AtA, vaha AMkhoMke rahate hue bhI andhA hai| vivaraNa- yogya kArya na pahacAnanA hI aMdhApana hai| avizramo lokatantrAdhikAra: '- zAsanasaMbandhI kartavya karanevAloMke pAsa pratyeka kSaNa anekAneka kartavyoM kI samasyAyeM upasthita hotI rahatI haiN| itanepara bhI yadi kisIko karane yogya kArya nahIM dIkhatA to use andhA hI samajhanA cAhiye / usakA aniSTa honA anivArya hai| athavA- jo rAjA rAjyasaMbandhI kAmoMke viSayameM apanA Anubhavika pratyakSa jJAna nahIM rakhatA, jo svayaM apanI mAMkhoMse apanA rAjakAja nahIM Page #135 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 108 cANakyasUtrANi dekhatA, usake rAjakAjakA bigaDajAnA anivArya hai / usake rAja karmacAri. yoM meM svecchAcAra baDhakara prajAmeM roSa aura rAjyakI hAni honA anivArya hojAtA hai| ( kartavyanizcayake sAdhana ) pratyakSaparokSAnumAnaH kAryANi parIkSeta // 132 // upasthita anupasthita sAdhanoM tathA anumAnoM dvArA vicAra karake kartavyoMkA nizcaya kre| vivaraNa- kaunase sAdhana apekSita haiM, unameM se kitane haiM aura kitane saMgraha karane haiM, ve saba mila sakate haiM yA nahIM, mila sakate haiM to kaunase kaise, kahAMse mila sakate haiM ? ityAdi saba bAtoMkA pUrNa vicAra karake manuSyako kAma prAraMbha karanA caahiye| inatA vicAra karale nese hAni yA asaphalatAkI saMbhAvanAyeM naSTa hojAtI haiN| (aparIkSyakAritAko hAni ) aparIkSyakAriNaM zrIH parityajati // 133 // zrI arthAt saphalatA vinA vicAre kAma karanevAleko tyAga detI hai| vivaraNa-- jo loga binA soce samajhe, kevala lobha yA svArya ke adhIna hokara, kAma prArambha kara dete aura isa udyogase logoMko kevala apanI kAryatatparatAmAtra dikhAnA cAhate haiM, ve bhanivArya rUpa se prajAke vRNApAtra banakara rAjyazrIse vaMcita hojAte haiN| kAryase pahale usake uddezyakI satyAsatyatA, apanA balAbala, sAdhana sahayogI, Ayavyaya, dezakAla mAdikI parIkSA karanI cAhiye / / ( adhika sUtra ) na parIkSyakAriNAM kAryavipattiH / UMcanIca socavicArakara kArya karanevAloke kAryoM meM na to vighna AtA hai aura na unheM asaphalatA milatI hai| Page #136 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ karma prAraMbha karanekI avasthA 109 ( vipatti haTAne kA upAya ) parIkSya tAryA vipattiH // 134 // vipatti ( arthAt saphalatA ke mArgake vighna ) ko vicArase haTAnA cAhiye / vivaraNa - vicAra sarvazaktimAna padArtha hai / vipatti vicArazIlakA kucha nahIM bigAr3a sakatI / manuSya jahAM kahIM apanI saphalatA meM vighna paDatA dekhe vahIM vIratA ke sAtha apanI buddhi tathA zaktiko parIkSAmeM jhoMka de aura dekhe ki vaha isa vipadvAraNameM kyA kucha nahIM kara sakatA ? vipatti manuSyakA asAdhAraNa mitra hai / saMsArameM Ajataka jitane mahApuruSa hue haiM saba vipattiyoMkI kRpAke zubha pariNAma haiN| yadi unake jIvanoM meM vipatti na mAI hotI to unake guNagrAma saMsArako vidita ho na ho pAte aura ve loga saMsAra ke liye aparicita hI raha jAte / vipattiyoMne hI saMsArako mahApuruSoMse sampanna banAyA hai / o mAnava ! tuma apanI vipattiyoMke viSaya meM isa prakAra socA karo ki tumapara jo yaha vipatti AI hai vaha yoM hI nahIM AgaI / vaha tumhAre vidhAtAkI sadicchA arthAta tumhArI svarUpasaMrakSaka vijayecchA se AI hai / vaha tumheM vipadvAraNakI kalA sikhAne aura sikhAkara tumheM bhI vighnavijetA mahApuruSoM kI zreNImeM khaDA kara dene ke liye bhAI hai / vipatti nAmavAle aise paramaditaiSI mitra se jI curAnA apanA hI kalyANa karanA hai / mAnavajIvanakI saphalatAkA rahasya vIratA ke sAtha vipattikA sAmmukhya karane meM hI chipA hai / ( karma prAraMbha karane kI avasthA ) svazaktiM jJAtvA kAryamArabheta // 135 // apanI zaktike viSaya meM pUrI tathA saccI jAnakArI pAkara, usake viSaya meM kisI prakArake mithyA vizvAsa meM na rahakara kAma prAraMbha kare / Page #137 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi vivaraNa-zaktibAhya karma na karane meM hI mAnavakA kalyANa hai| "jitanI zakti utanA kAma / usase adhika duHkhoMkA dhAma / " isa lokoktike anusAra zakti hI kartabyakI sImA hai| tuma yaha jAno ki jitanI tumameM zakti hai utanA hI tumhArA kartavya hai| tumhArA koI bhI kartavya tumhArI zaktise adhika nahIM ho sktaa| tumameM jima kAmakI zakti nahIM hai vaha tamhArA kartavya bhI nahIM hai| yadi tuma aisA kAma cheDa baiThoge to nizcita rUpameM asaphala hooge aura hAtha mala mala pachatAoge / tuma bhUla kara bhI aise kAmameM hAtha mata DAlo, jise pUrA karanekI tumhAre pAsa zakti na ho| tuma pahale apane mana meM zaktiko tola dekho| yadi tumhAre pAsa karmase adhika zakti ho to tuma niHzaMka hokara kAmako apanA lo| rAjanItimeM prabhAva, utsAha tathA mantra bhedase zakti tIna prakArako mAnI jAtI hai| koSa, daNDa tathA bala ye tIna prabhuzakti (prabhAvajanaka zakti ) kahAtI haiM / vikrama tathA bala ye do utsAhazakti nAmakI dUsarI zakti kahI jAtI haiN| pAMcoM aMgoMse saMpanna mantra mantranAmakI tIsarI zakti kahAtI hai / gajA ina tInoM zaktiyoMse sampanna rahakara rAjakAja kare / " mantramUlA: sarvArambhAH" isa 24 va sUtrameM mannake pAMcoM aMgoMkA savistara varNana ho cukanese, yahAM granthavistArabhayase punaH varNana nahIM kiyaa| ( amRtabhojI mAnava ) svajanaM tarpayitvA yaH zeSabhojI so'matabhojI / / 136 // apane upAjanameMse svajanoM, bandhuoM, atithiyoM, poSyoM, dInaduHkhiyoM tathA samAjakalyANakArI saMsthAoMko bharaNapopaNa kara. neke pazcAt zeSa ghanase jIvanayAtrA karanevAle loga annabhojI honepara bhI amRtAsvAdI yA amRtabhojI hote haiN| vivaraNa- " kevalAgho bhavati kevalAdI " kevala apanA peTa bharane. vAlA aura apane mAzrita upAzritoM tathA apane upajIvya samAjake bharaNapoSaNakI cintA na rakhanevAlA kevala pApakA upArjana karatA hai| kevala Page #138 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kApuruSakI kartavyahInatA 111 udarabhari honA pApI tathA hIna jIvana hai / " tairdattAnapradAyebhyo yo bhukte stena eva sH"| jo devoMke diye bhojanako unheM na sauMpakara svayaM khAjAtA hai vaha cora hai| pAThAntara- yaH svajanaM bhojayitvA zeSaM bhukte so'mRtabhojI / (Aya baDhAneke upAya ) sarvAnuSThAnadAyamukhAni vardhante // 137 // rASTrameM bhUmi, dhana, vyApAra, zilpa Adi samasta prakArake rASTra hitakArI kartavyoMke susaMpanna hote rahanepara hI rAjyakI Ayake dvAra baDhate haiN| vivaraNa- jo rAjyAdhikArI prajAkA zoSaNa karake kevala apanI jeba bharanA dhyeya banAkara mAlasI bana jAte haiM aura rAjyakI karmazakti bar3havAne ke liye apekSita udyama nahIM karate unakI rAjyazrIkI vRddhi hone kI koI AzA nahIM hai| unakA saMcita dhana to kama hone lagA aura Ayake dvAra tathA saMbhAvanAyeM ghaTane lagatI haiN| pAThAntara- sarvakAryAnuSThAnAdAyamukhAni vardhante / rASTrakI karmazaktike kAmameM Ate rahane se rASTrake Aya ke dvAra baDha jAte haiM / (kApuruSako kartavyahInatA ) nAsti bhIroH kAryacintA // 138 // bhIru kApuruSa apane manameM vIrocita kartavyakI cintAko sthAna nahIM detaa| vaha kartavyahIna rahanekA koI na koI bahAnA banA letA hai| vivaraNa- kApuruSa zatrudamana karake satyarakSA karane meM asamartha hotA hai / vaha apane mana meM satyarakSAkI kalpanAtakako sthAna nahIM detaa| usakA zatraoMkA caraNacumbana karanA anivArya hai| athavA- bhayAkrAnta manuSya manameM kartavyakI mAlocanA nahIM kara sktaa| bhayase buddhi manda hotI aura kartavyacintA kSINa hojAtI hai / pAThAntara-nAtibhIroH kArya cintaa| Page #139 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 112 cANakyasutrANi (khAmIka svabhAva paricayakA lAbha } svAminaH zIlaM jJAtvA kAryArthI kArya sAdhayati // 139 // kAryoM meM niyukta loga apane AzrayadAtA svAmIkI ruciko pahacAnakara tadanusAra kArya kiyA yA karAyA karate haiM / vivaraNa- rAjAke vIra honepara usake anuyAyI loga usakI rucike manuyAyI vIra hokara usakI niyuktike anasAra kAryako susaMpasa kara lete haiM / isake viparIta rAjAke kApuruSa honepara usake anucara bhI kAryakSetra meM kApuruSatAkA hI pradarzana karate haiM / pAThAntara--- svAminaH zIlaM vijJAya kAryArthI kArya sAdhayet / dhenoH zIlajJaH kSIraM bhukte // 140 // jaise dugdhArthI dhenuke svabhAvako jAnakara jipta rItise saMbhava hotA hai, usI rItise usase dugdha prApta karaletA hai isI prakAra rAjasevaka rAjAko rucike anukula rAjasevA karake apanA rASTrasevA nAmaka uddezya pUrA kiyA karate haiN| pAThAntara - dhenoH kSIraM zIlajJo bhuMkta / ( guhya batAne ke anadhikArI ) kSudre guhyaprakAzanaM AtmavAnna kurvIta (kuryaat)||141|| manasvI dhImAn manuSya mandamati, anItijJa, nIca, caMcalavuddhi anucarako apanI guhya bAta na batA de| vivaraNa-- phUTe pAtrameMse jalake samAna kSudra ke peTameM guhya bAta nahIM khptii| gahya bAta usake peTa meM recaka auSadhakA kAma karatI hai| usase use sarvatra ghoSita kiye binA nahIM rahA jaataa| kSudra ke pAsa guhya bAta pahuMcanese bAtakA uddezya to naSTa hojAtA hai aura usake sthAnapara anarthako saSTi hojAtI hai| pAThAntara- kSudra guhyaprakAzanamAtmavatA na kriyeta / Page #140 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kaThora daNDase hAni : 113 ( mRdusvabhAvase hAni ) Azritairapyavamanyate mRdusvabhAvaH // 12 // mRdusvabhAva (arthAt apAtrotakako prasanna karake saMsArabharakA premapAtra bananekA mahatvAkAMkSI pAtrApAtravivekahIna adRDha) manuSya apane AzritoMsa bhI anAdara pAtA hai| vivaraNa- prabandhake kAmameM apAtroMko DATane tathA supAtroMkA mAdara karanekI dRDhatA manivAryarUpase honI cAhiye / parantu ye mRdusvabhAvI loga manivAyarUpase apAtroMse cipaTate aura supAtroMse tyakta ho jAte haiN| ___ prabandhasambandhI samasyAyeM ho aisI hotI haiM ki sabako prasanna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / anyAyataspara logoMko DATanA aura ruSTa karanA hI par3atA hai| anyAyapakSako anutsAhita bhasita tADita aura avahelita tathA nyAyapakSako utsAhita aura anumodita rakhanA hI rAjAoMkA japa, tapa, sandhyA, bhajana, pUjana tathA zreSTha bhAgavata ArAdhana hai| buroMke bhI bhalA bananA cAhanevAle mRduloga saphala zAsaka nahIM bana sakate / prabandhakako jo pApadamanakA mahAyajJa karanA par3atA hai usake liye use apanI dRr3hatA aura satyaniSThA nahIM tyAga denI cAhiye / use anyAyI pake sAmane apanI jocita zakti prakaTa karanI cAhiye / ( laghu aparAdha kaThora daNDasa hAni ) tIkSNadaNDaH sarvairudvejanIyo bhavati // 143 // laghu aparAdhama kaThora daNDa denevAlA zAsakA savakI ghRNAkA pAtra tathA apane prabhAvakSetrameM upadrava khaDA honekA karaNa bana jAtA hai| vivaraNa- rAjAko rASTra meM suvyavasthA rakhane ke liye aparAdhiyoMko vadha, arthagrahaNa tathA zarIratADana tIna prakAra ke daNDa dene par3ate haiN| yoM to daNDa aparAdhIko nitya sAthI hai / aparAdhIkA aparAdha karanA hI daNDako Page #141 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 114 cANakyasUtrANi apane pAsa bulAnA hai| parantu daNDake saMbandhameM rAjAkA yaha bar3A sAvadhAna kartavya hai ki daNDa maucityakI sImAkA ullaMghana bhI na kare aura maparAdhase nyUna bhI na ho| use yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki mAtatAyI logoMke sAtha mRdu bartAva na kiyA jAya / AtatAyinamAyAntaM hanyAdevAvicArayan / nAtatAyivadhe doSo hanturbhavati kazcana // manu bhAtatAyIko mAtA dekhakara aura isake AtatAyI honekA nizcaya ho jAnepara use binA bhAgA pIchA dekhe mAra ddaale| mAtatAyIke vadhase hantAko koI doSa yA aparAdha nahIM lagatA / rakSAtmaka bhAkramaNa karanevAlA bhAkramaNa. janya vadhakA aparAdhI nahIM hotaa| ( daNDameM aucityakI AvazyakatA ) yathArhadaNDakArI syAt // 144 / / ucita yahI hai ki rAjA yathAyogya daNDa denevAlA ho / vivaraNa- ucitakArI hI saphala zAsaka bana sakatA hai| kyoMki kaThora daNDa janatAmeM udvega tathA rAjadroha phailAtA hai, isaliye daNDameM aparAdhakI gurutA laghutAkA pUrA dhyAna rahanA cAhiye / laghu aparAdhameM guru daNDa, nirapa. rAdha bhavasthAmeM tIvra yA laghu daNDa, guru aparAdha ladhu daNDa yA daNDAbhAva na honekA pUrA dhyAna rakhanA caahiye| kahA bhI hai adaNDyAn daNDayan rAjA daNDyAMzcaivApyadaNDayan ayazo mahadApnoti narakaM caiva gacchati / anubandhaM parijJAya dezakAlau ca tatvataH sArAparAdhau cAlokya daNDaM daNDyeSu pAtayet // rAjA daNDanIyoMko daNDa na dene aura bhadaNDanIyoMko daNDa denese bar3A apayaza pAtA aura kaSTaparamparAmeM ulajha jAtA hai| rAjA pahale to aparAdhake kAraNoM tathA aparAdhakI paristhiti aura kAlako dekhe phira aparAdhIkI Page #142 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ daNDameM aucityako AvazyakatA 115 daNDasahanakI zakti aura aparAdhake svarUpa tathA usake rASTrapara paDanevAle prabhAvako samajhakara daNDa de / smRtimeM kahA hai - adharmadaNDanaM loke yazoghnaM kIrtinAzanam / asvayaM ca paratrApi tasmAttat parivarjayet // kyoMki adharmapUrvaka diyA huA daNDa, yaza, kIrti tathA sukha tInoMko naSTa kara DAlatA hai isaliye adharmapUrvaka daNDa denese bce| kalpatarumeM kahA hai daNDaH saMrakSate dharma tathaivArtha vidhAnataH / kAmaM saMrakSate yasmAt trivargo daNDa ucyate // kyoMki daNDa hI dharma artha, tathA kAma tInoMkA vaidhAnika saMrakSaka hai, isa liye daNDako hI trivarga kahA jA sakatA hai / kalpatarumeM yaha bhI kahA hai'rAjadaNDabhayAt pApAH lokAH pApaM na kurvate ' - pApI loga rAjadaNDake bhayase hI pApase rukate haiM / yahI manune bhI kahA hai| somadeva sarIne ati sundara kahA hai- 'cikitsAgama iva doSavizuddhi heturdaNDaH ' - jaise Ayurveda doSoMke sanipAtako naSTa kara detA hai isI prakAra aparAdhiyoMko diyA hubhA daNDa unake sakala doSoMko dho DAlatA hai / gargane bhI kahA hai aparAdhiSu yo daNDaH sa rASTrasya vizuddhaye / vinA yena na sandeho mAtsyanyAyaH pravartate / zUle matsyAnivAbhakSyan dubalAn balavattarAH / / aparAdhiyoM ko diye daNDase rASTrako zuddhi hotI hai| yadi unheM daNDa nahIM mila pAtA to saMsArameM mAtsyanyAya cala par3ane meM koI sandeha nahIM rahatA / taba balavAn durbaloMko kATa meM machaliyoMke samAna bIMdhakara bhUna zalate haiN| pAThAntara- tato yathAhaMdaNDaH syAt / isa kAraNa yathAyogya daNDa denevAlA bane / Page #143 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 116 cANakyasUtrANi ( agambhIratAse hAni ) alpasAraM zrutavantamapi na bahu manyate lokaH / / 145 // loka agaMbhIra manuSyaka vidvAn honepara bhI use pratiSThAkI dRSTise nahIM dekhtaa| vivaraNa- jisa vidvAnkI vidvattA usake hRdayako prabhAvita karanemeM saphala nahIM hopAtI vaha usake svabhAvapara bhI apanA prabhAva DAlane meM bhasamathe hI raha jAtI hai / vidyA yadi saccI ho to use manuSya ke hRdaya aura svabhAva donoM hI para prabhAvazAlinI hokara rahanA cAhiye / vidyA jaba taka vidvAnoM ke hRdayoM tathA svabhAvoM meM sthAna nahIM lepAtI, taba taka ve vidyAkA durupayoga karate cale jAte haiM / unakI vidyA rogotpAdaka bhajIrNa bhojana ke samAna unakI apratiSThAkA kAraNa banajAtI hai| ( bahutoMkA kartApana kAryanAzaka ) / ( adhika sUtra ) sAraM mAhAjana: saMgrahaH pIDayati / mAhAjanasaMgraha arthAt kisI rAjakAjake viSayameM bahuta logoMkA sammilita honA ( arthAt kartApana hojAnA ) uddezyako naSTa kara DAlatA hai| vivaraNa- rASTra ke prabandhasambandhI kAmoM meM matadAtAoM ke hAtha yantrake samAna uThavAkara athavA DhoroMkAsA jIvana bitAnevAle pazutulya logoMse paracI DalavAkara bahumata saMgraha karanekI AvazyakatA rAjakAjakI sAravattA tathA uddazyako naSTa kara DAlatI hai / aisA karanese rAjakIya nirNayoM meM se aucitya jAtA rahatA tathA svArtharUpI anaucitya sAghusatA hai| prabandhasaMbandhI nirNaya bahutake nirNayoMse asAra hojAte haiN| ajJabahumatase usake ajJAta viSayapara sammati lekara koI niyama yA kartavyazAstra banAnA saMkaTapUrNa ghAtaka azAstrIya paripATI hai| Page #144 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bahutokA kartApana kAryanAzaka rASTrakA vidhAna banAne yA rASTraprabandhasaMbandhI gambhIra praznoM kA samAdhAna karaneke saMbandhameM matabheda rakhanevAle, bhinna bhinna svArthI saMpradAyoM, daloM yA vyaktiyoM ko sammilita karalenA ( arthAt unakA kartApana karalenA ) to isakA uddezya hI naSTa karalenA hojAtA hai / rASTra zaktimAnU taba hI raha sakatA hai jaba ki rASTra kI pratinidhi rAjyazaktiko zaktimAn banAkara rakhA jAya / vyavasthAnirmAtAoM tathA vyavasthAkartAoMkA aikamatya hI nirdoSa rAjazakti hotI hai / rAjazakti meM bhinna bhinna rAjanaitika mantavya rakhanevAlokA sammilita rahanA to spaSTa hI rAjazaktikI nirbalatA hai| rAjazakti kI nirbalatA rASTrakI hI nirbalatA hai / yaha nirbalatA rASTrake dhvaMsakA kAraNa bana jAtI hai / rASTraprabandhakoM tathA vyavasthAkartAoMkA aikamatya rASTrakI mahatva. pUrNa AvazyakatA hai / jaba rAjyasaMsthAmeM isa prakAra ke pratinidhi sammilita rahate haiM, taba rASTra kI hitAkAMkSA aneka makarAkRSTa zavadehake samAna khaNDita aura vibhAjita na hokara, eka vyaktikI vyaktigata hitAkAMkSAke samAna nirbhada hokara ekAkAra banI rahatI hai| rASTrake sacce hitaiSI niHsvArtha prati. nidhiyoM ke vyaktitvakI bhinnatA pArasparika virodhakA kAraNa na banakara samasta rASTrasaMsthAko aikamatya yA ekasatrameM bAMdha DAlanevAlI banajAtI aura rASTra ke pratyeka pratinidhi ke manameM rASTrahitaiSitA sazarIra hokara AvirAjatI haiM / yadi rASTravyavasthAko lokakalyANakArI banAnA ho to usakA sacce rASTrahitaiSiyoM kI sarvasammatise honA atyAvazyaka hai| yadi rASTravyavasthAke praznameM matabheda raha jAtA hai to usameM vaha sarvajanahitakAritA nahIM raha sakatI jo ki rA. vyavasthAkI anivArya AvazyakatA hai| isa dRSTi se alpamatake viruddha bahumatako mAnyatA dene kI paripATI rASTra. vyavasthAke sarvajanahitakArI honeke siddhAntake viruddha siddha hojAtI hai| isa prakArakA bahumata ekatrita kara lenA rASTake alpamatavAle bhAgapara mAkramaNa karanevAlI manovRtti hai| yaha sevaka manovRtti nahIM hai / rASTra ke sevaka hI rASTrake karNadhAra honekI yogyatA rakhate haiN| bahumatako rASTrakA karNadhAra banAne kI Page #145 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 198 cANakyasUtrANi kalpanA rASTradrohI bhAratIya kalpanA hai| bhAratIya ekatantravAdameM yadyapi Upara* se dekhane meM rAjyavyavasthAkA karNadhAra rAjA nAmakA eka vyakti hI dIkhatA hai, parantu vaha apane mantrI, purohita, dUta, senApati, rAjaguru bhAdi rASTrake yogya. tama sahayogiyoMke rUpameM rASTake hitaiSiyoMko apane pragADha saMparka meM rakhakara svayaM hI sampUrNa rASTrakA mUrtimAna kalyANa banakara rAjakAryakA sucArurUpase paricAlana karatA rahatA hai / isake bAdyaSTi se akele dIkhane para bhI usake akelepanameM bhI samagra rASTra sammilita rahatA hai / usakA akelApana bhI vAstava meM sasana rASTrake aikamatyameM sammilita hotA hai / vistArabhayase isa prasaMgako yahIM choDa. kara prakRtameM Ate haiM / rASTravyavasthAke liye rASTrahitaiSiyoMkI sarvasammati hI yogyatama paripATI hai| sacce vyavasthApakoMmeM rAjyavyavasthAsaMbandhI bhAlo. canAmeM matabheda honepara bhI nirNayAvasthAmeM mataikya yA avirodha hojAnA anivArya hai / jinameM antataka matabheda rahatA hai ve loga vastutaH vyavasthA. paka bananeke ayogya hote haiN| matavirodha rASTraghAtI sthiti hai / alpamatakI upekSA karake bahumatake anusAra rASTravyavasthA karanekI paripATI sacamuca vinAzaka, anArya, AsurI paripATI hai| hamAre dezake durbhAgyase sarvasamma. tise rASTravyavasthA karane kI bhAratIya paripATIko to tyAga diyA gayA hai aura yoropako rAjanItikA guru mAnakara usIkI dekhA dekhI bahumatase rASTravya. vasthA karanekI paripATI hamAre deza meM udhArI lAI gaI hai| aisI sthiti meM dezakI zAnti ke Izvara hI prabhu haiN| yaha paripATI rAjyaprabandha tathA niyama vidhAna donoM se sAravattA yA aucityako nizcita rUpameM lupta kara detI hai| bahumatasaMgrahase bane vidhAna tathA prabandhasaMbandhI nirNayoMkA niHsAra honA anivArya hai / yadi rAjyake niyamavidhAnoM tathA prabandhoMko sAravAna banAnA ho to yaha kAma usa upta viSayake ese vizeSajJoMse karAnemeM hI rASTrakalyANa hai jinameM na to svArthI pravRttiyeM hoM, aura na jinameM bhrama pramAda vipralipsA tatha! matavirodha hI ho / alpake virodha meM bahumata sacamuca bhayaMkara sthiti hai| yaha rASTra, prAnta, jile tathA grAmoMko virodhI Page #146 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ adhika bhAra uThAnese hAni 119 daloM meM bAMTa DAlanevAlI matyanta dUSita paripATI hai / bhAratake grAmoMtakako pArTiyAmeM bAMTa DAlanevAlI isa paripATIke kuphala pratyakSa haiM alpake virodhameM bahumatIya nirNayakI isa paripATIko yoropase bhArata meM udhArI lAnevAloMkI anAtmajJa buddhi kI jitanI nindA kI jAya thoDI hai| rASTravyavasthAmeM sarva. sammata nirNaya hI bhAratIya paripATI hai| bahumatIya nirNayoMko rASTraghAtI kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki bahumata sadA hI majJAniyoMkA hotA hai / bahumata sadA una sAdhAraNa logoM ke hAthoM meM calA jAtA hai jo kevala peTapUjA tathA vaMzavRddhi karanese bhAdhika kucha bhI nahIM jAnate / rASTra dekhe ki sAmAjika praznoM tathA unheM sulajhAne ke siddhAntoMse sarvathA aparicita rahanevAle bhojanabhogaparAyaNa pazuoMkIsI sthiti lekara jIvanake dina kATanevAle logoM ko rASTrIya samasyAoMke sambandhameM sammati denekA adhikAra de denA tathA inheM phusalAkara inake matoMkA kraya karake rASTrapratinidhi bane"hae uttaradAyitvahIna aprAmANika vyaktiyoMse dezake kartavyazAstra ( arthAt vyavasthAyeM ) banavAnA tathA rAjyaprabandhameM sammati lenA bandaroM ke hAthoM meM churA pakaDA dene jaisI pralaya macA denevAlI kalpanA hai / ( zaktise adhika bhAra uThAnese hAni ) atibhAraH puruSamavasAdayati // 146 / / atibhAra (zaktise adhika karmakA bhAra ) manuSyako hatotsAha tathA klAnta karake usake karmako anivAryarUpase niSphala banA DAlatA yA naSTa kara detA hai| vivaraNa- isa prasaMgameM atibhAra tathA ucita bhArake svarUpakA prazna svabhAva se upasthita hotA hai / bhAra karmakA svAbhAvika sAthI hai| karmake sAtha bhAra svabhAvase lagA rahatA hai| uttaradAyitva ho bhAra hai / yaha bhAra mUlataH bhautika na hokara mAnasika hotA hai / kartA apane vivekake sammukha apane karmakA uttaradAyI hotA hai / jaba uttaradAyitva apanA sImollaMghana Page #147 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 120 cANakyasUtrANi karatA hai taba vaha viveka se sthAnAntarita hokara avivekAzrita hojAtA tathA karanevAleko thakA DAlatA hai / taba vaha usase kartavyapAlanakA santoSa chonakara karmako atibhArakA rUpa de detA hai| aisA karma kartAke santoSakA kAraNa na banakara duHkhakA kAraNa banajAtA ( arthAt kAmanAko apUrNa rakha detA ) hai / kAmanAkA apUrNa rahajAnA hI duHkha hai / kisI bhautika phalakI abhilASA ho kAmanA hai / yahAM yaha bAta vizeSarUpase jJAtavya hai ki karmake saMbandha meM manuSyakA adhikAra kahAM taka hai ? manuSyako jAnanA cAhiye ki kartavyakA bhautika phala karma karanevAleke adhikAra meM nahIM hotaa| yaha hama isaliye kahate haiM ki vaha kabhI milatA hai aura kabhI nahIM bhI miltaa| jaba vaha nahIM milatA, taba phalAkAMkSI mAnavakA duHkhI honA anivArya ho jAtA hai / parantu yaha duHkha manuSyakA svAdhIna duHkha hai / yadi manuSya duHkhI honA na cAhe to usake pAsa duHkhI hone yA duHkha AnekA koI kAraNa nahIM hai / jAnabUjhakara svAdhIna duHkhakA varaNa karanA hI manuSyakI mUDhatA hai | manuSyako yaha bhUlanA nahIM cAhiye ki usakA adhikAra kartavyapAlana taka hI hai ! phala taka nhiiN| jaba vaha apanI isa adhikArasImAko bhUla jAtA hai taba hI phalakI anucita icchA karabaiThatA hai / yahI karmakA atibhAra hai / apanI kAryanIti se apane vivekako santuSTa rakhanA manuSyakA kartavya hai aura yahI usakA mahAna uttaradAyitva hai| yadi manuSya apane vivekako santuSTa karane ke uttaradAyitvako bhUla na gayA ho to usakA kama usake sAmarthya tathA adhikAra taka hI sImita rahatA hai phira vaha use maryAdAse adhika nahIM baDhAtA / phira vaha avibhArakA rUpa dhAraNa nahIM karatA aura sukhadAyI bana jAtA hai / apane vivekako santuSTa rakhanevAle isa prakArake aphalAkAMkSI manuSyakA karmotsAha, AgrahapUrvaka apanAye jAnevAle, svayaM hI apanA phala bana jAnevAle, baDe se bar3e kartavyako sukhasAdhya banAkara usake sammukha upasthita kara diyA karatA hai / saMsAra meM do prakAra ke kartA pAye jAte haiN| eka to ve jo bhrAnta sukhake liye karma karate haiM / ye hI loga sakAma yA sadoSa kartAkI zreNI meM Ate haiM / 1 Page #148 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ adhika bhAra uThAne se hAni | bhrAnta sukha aura abhrAnta sukhake bhedase sukhakI bhI do zreNI haiN| unhIMko kalpita aura akalpita sukha bhI kahA jAtA hai / bhrAnta sukhake liye karma karanevAlekA kalpita sukha, karma karane meM nahIM hotA kintu karmake pariNAma ke rUpameM AnevAlI anizcita aprApta adhikArabAhya vastu hI usakA sukha hotA hai | kyoMki usakA abhilaSita sukha usake adhikAra meM nahIM hai aura usake milane kA koI nizcita AzvAsana bhI nahIM hai, isaliye usakI mAna sika sthitiko yA to duHkha yA sukhAbhAva ina donoMmeMse kisI bhI eka nAmase kahanA paDatA hai / inake viparIta dUsare ve loga haiM jo abhrAnta sukha se sukhI hokara arthAt sukhecchu na rahakara pratikSaNa karma karate haiM / ina logoM kI dRSTimeM inakA karma svayaM hI sukharUpI lakSya hotA hai| ina logoM ke mantavya meM usa karmako na karanA hI duHkha mAnA jAtA hai / sukhake liye karma karane vAlA sadA hI akartavyaparAyaNa hotA hai| jo sukhake liye kiyA jAtA hai vI akartavya hotA hai / sukhalobhIkA akartavyaparAyaNa honA anivArya hai akartavyaparAyaNa honA hI atibhArAkAnta bana jAnA hai / kartavya pahacAnanA hI samasta vidyAoM kA sAra hai / kartavya pahacAnane ke pazcAt phira koI bhI karma manuSya ke liye bhAra nahIM bnpaataa| kartavyako kartavyarUpa meM pahacAna hI vahI svayaM sukhasvarUpa dhyeya bana jAtA hai| phira usake karmameM avasAda rUpI duHkha kabhI bhI upasthita nahIM hotaa| avasAdarUpI duHkha to akartavyameM ho jAtA hai / 121 { zaktile bAhara karmabhAra puruSakarmatsAha tathA karma donoMko naSTa kara detA hai / zakti hI bojha uThAnekI maryAdA hai / zaktise bAhara karmamAra svayaM uThAnA yA kisIpara lAinA kartavyase aparicaya tathA kartavyaSTatA hai kartavya yadi sacamuca kartavya hai to usakA sAmarthyAdhIna honA anivArya hai / kartavyaniSTako sAmarthyAdhIna kartavya meM aTUTa utsAha rahatA hai| vaha kartavyapAlanakI santoSarUpI saphalatAko hastagata dekhatA rahakara vijayollAsa se paripUrNa rahatA hai| manuSyako sAmarthyabahirbhUta arthAt phalAkAMkSI banakara kartavya nahIM apanAnA caahiye| kyoMki phala manuSyakI zaktike atIta Page #149 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 122Page #150 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sabhAmeM kaTAkSa hAnikAraka namra, udAra, sAravatI, sabhya tarkasaMgata gamIra akATya manadhizepya bhASAkA prayoga honA cAhiye / yaha baDI garhita paripATI hai ki sabhAmeM kisI vakta. byake samaya kisIpara vyaktigata kaTAkSa jaise halke bharose pratipakSIkA mukha. mudraNa karanA cAhA jAya aura saMsadake kisI nirNayapara pahuMcaneke mukhya uddezyako pIche DAla diyA jAya / aisA karanese saMsada saMsada na rahakara mallayuddhakA akhADA banajAtI aura usakA mukhya uddezya samApta yA naSTa ho jAtA hai / saMsadakI baiThakeM sadA nahIM hotii| ve jaba kabhI hoM taba samasta sadasyoMkI ekAgra cintAzaktike pUrNa sadupayogase vicAraNIya viSayakA sArabhAga makkhanake samAna uddhRta hokara sabako prApta ho, isa bAtakA sabhA. saMcAlakoMko pUrA dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye aura vyaktigata kaTAkSa karanevAle vaktAko bolanese rokakara kisI dUsare yogya vaktAko prakRta pakSa ke pratipAdanakA avasara denA cAhiye / sabhAmeM vyaktigata doSa dikhAnepara utara AnevAlA vyakti apane isa AcaraNase siddha karatA hai ki usake pAsa vicAraNIya pakSako anucita siddha karane vAlo yukti nahIM hai| vaha apane isa kSudra DhaMgase pratipakSIko avasara dedetA hai ki vaha bhI sabhAke sAmane usake vyaktigata dopoMko kholakara rakhe / dUsarake vyaktigata doSa dikhAnekA pariNAma pratipakSIse apane doSoM kA bakhAna karAnA hotA hai| jaba sabhAmeM kisI manuSya ke vaktavyako paradoSa dikhAnAmAtra pAmo taba nizcaya jAno ki yaha apane doSa haTAne meM udAsa hai aura apane meM doSAdhikya siddha kara rahA hai / jina logoMkA lakSya nirdoSa rahanA hotA hai, unake vaktavyoMmeM paradoSadarzana nahIM rhtaa| paradoSadarzana lakSyavAloM kA apane doSoMkI upekSA karanevAlA honA anivArya hojAtA hai / abhiyukta kaha gaye haiM--- yadIcchasi vazIkartuM jagadekana karmaNA / * parApavAdasasyebhyo gAM carantI nivAraya / yadi tuma saMsArako eka hI karmase vazameM karanA cAho to to apanI yANIrUpI gauko dUsaroMke doSaca rUpI sasyoM se dUra rkho| Page #151 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 124 cANakyasUtrANi isa sUtra meM kisI rASTrazatru ko aparAdhI siddha karake use daNDita karane ke hI liya hI bulAI huI sabhAmeM usake viruddha anivAryarUpase Avazyaka usake vyaktigata doSoMkI AlocanAkA niSedha nahIM kiyA jArahA hai| kyoMki usa samaya aisA karanA vaktAoMkA anivArya kartavya hotA hai / pAThAntara- yassaMsadi paradoSaM vakti...... / (krodha karane se apanI hAni ) AtmAnameva nAzayati anAtmavatAM kopaH // 148 / / asaMskRta manavAle avivekI logoMkA krodha unhIMke Atma. kalyANakA vinAzaka hotA hai| vivaraNa- hitAhitabuddhi se zUnya loga svabhAvase satyadroddI tathA asatyapremI hote haiM / ve apanI viparIta buddhise jahAM sacAI, svAbhimAna , apamAnAsahiSNutA mAdi udAra guNa dekhate haiM, vahIM satyakA sira nIcA karane ke liye usapara AkramaNa karate aura asatyameM lipta rahate haiM : ima prakAra ke logoM kA pratyeka mAcaraNa satyadroha hotA aura mAmaghAtI krodhakA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai| satyase sammilita rahanerUpI udAra sthiti se vaMcita rahanA ho manuSya kA bhAramanAza hai / yaha usakA aisA vinAza hai ki jo kabhI kabhI bhautika unnatikA rUpa dhAraNa kiye hue bhI ho sakatA hai| asatya ke adhIna na honA manuSyakI sAmarakSA hai| yahI vinAza tathA rakSA athavA mahita aura hitako mantrAnta paribhASA hai| isa paribhASA anusAra vivekahIna hRdayavAla pApI loga apane pIDitakA kucha na bigADa kara sadA bhaenA hI mAhita karate rahate haiN| ye loga jisa satpuruSapara AkramaNa karate haiM usakI bhautika paristhiti yA deha ke AkrAnta ho jAnepara bhI usakA sAdhuhRdaya AkramaNAtIta tathA patanAtIta banA rahatA hai| usa pApIke krodhase sAdhu puruSakI bhautika hAni hotI dIkhanepara bhI usakI koI bhI mAnasika hAni nahIM Page #152 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ satyakI mahattA hotI | mAnavatAkI dRSTimeM mAnasika hAni hI saccI hAni hotI hai| bhautika dAnilAbhoM ke prAkRtika paristhiti tathA prAkRtika kartApanake adhIna honeke kAraNa unakA manuSyake mAnasika hAnilAmase koI sambandha nahIM hai / manuSyakA mAnasika hAnikAma to usake apane hI kartRtva ke adhIna rahatA hai avivekIkA sampUrNa jIvanavyavahAra hI Atmadroha hojAtA hai / Atmadroha hI paristhiti anusAra kabhI kabhI krodhakA rUpa dhAraNa karaletA hai / isake viparIta vivekasampanna vyaktike satyapremI tathA asatyadrohI honeke kAraNa usakA asatyadroha kabhI kabhI paristhiti ke anusAra krodha ke rUpameM dIkhanepara bhI usa krodhameM cittakI sthiratA bhI hotI hai, akhaNDa zAnti bhI rahatI hai, tathA AtmakalyANakI bhAvanA bhI alupta banI rahatI hai / divekIkA sampUrNa jIvanavyavahAra satyaniSThA tathA asatyadroharUpI akrodha sthitimeM aTala rahakara hotA hai / pAThAntara - AtmAnameva pIDayati on ( satyakI mahattA ) nAstyaprApyaM satyavatAm || 149 / / 125 satyadhanase sampanna vyaktiyoMke liye koI bhI prAptavya vastu aprApta nahIM raha jAtI / haiM vivaraNa- satyako pAcukanA hI saMsArakI sarvazreSTha saMpatti se saMpanna ho jAnA | isa kAraNa satyaniSThoMko kucha bhI aprApya nahIM rahatA unakI dRSTimeM satya hI ekamAtra prAptavya vaha vastu hotI hai, jise ve pA cuke hote haiN| unakI buddhi unheM saMsAra kI sarvazreSTha vastu satyako prApta karAneke upayoga meM Akara unheM svabhAvase satya se milAye rakhane tathA asatyakA tyAga karAne ke kAmameM bhAtI rahatI aura asthAyI mithyA vastuoM kI kAmanAke jAlase bacAtI rahatI hai / unakI buddhi unheM kSudra asthAyI uddezyoMkI orase vimukha banA detI hai / Page #153 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 126 cANakyasUtrANi jaba manuSya ke pAsa satyase tRptikI avasthA bhAtI hai taba asatya (asAra) padArtha svabhAvase upekSApakSa meM cale jAte haiN| pAThAntara- nAstyaprApyaM satyavatAm / kartanyake liye ucita udyoga karanevAle puruSArthI satyaniSTha manISI buddhi mAna kisI bhI prApya vastu ke lie abhAvagrasta nahIM rhte| manakA puruSArtha unheM saba samaya satyadhanase dhanavAna banAe rakhakara kartavyapAlanake saMtoSase pUrNakAma banAe rahatA hai| ( kevala bhautika zakti kAryakA upAya nahIM) sAhasena na kAryasiddhirbhavati // 150 / / sAhasa ( arthAt kevala bhautika zaktipara nirbhara ho jAne) mAtrase kAma nahIM bntaa| vivaraNa- bhautika zakti sadA andhI hotI hai / vaha apanI saphalatA tathA kRtakRtyatAke liye sunetRtva cAhA karatI hai| subuddhi hI bhautika zaktikA netRtva tathA sadupayoga kara sakatI hai| bhautika zaktiko subuddhikA netRtva na mile to manuSyakA sAhasa duHsAhasa banajAtA hai| isa sUtra meM duHsAhasako hI akAryasAdhaka kahA jArahA hai| karmameM sAhasake bhAvazyaka hone para bhI kevala usIse kAma nahIM cltaa| sasake liye anya bhI bahutase sAdhana apekSita hote haiN| ( sAhasameM lakSmIkA vAsa ) ( adhika sUtra ) sAhase lakSmI ( khalu zrI) vsti| lakSmI sAhasameM basatI hai| vivaraNa- vaha niyatarUpase sAhasiyoMke pAsa rahatI hai| sAhasake sakaTameM paDanese bacanevAle loga zubhadarzanake adhikArI nahIM bnte| subuddhi ke Page #154 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vyasanAsaktise hAni 127 netRtva meM prayukta huI bhautika zaktimeM hI rAjyalakSmIkA vAsa hai| duSkara karmameM hAtha lagAnA sAhasa kahAtA hai / jaba taka manuSya vinoMkI upekSA karake satkAryasampAdanameM sorasAda AtmasamarpaNa nahIM karatA, taba taka use zubha prApta nahIM hotaa| na saMzayamanAruhA naro bhadrANi pazyati / saMzayaM punarAruhya yadi jIvati pazyati // manuSya apane Apako saMkaTagrasta banAye binA zubha nahIM pAtA / apaneko saMkaTamana banA denepara yadi jIvita raha jAtA hai to bhautika zubha pariNAmakA darzana karatA hai / maranekA avasara bhAjAya to "hato vA prApsyasi svarga jitvA vA bhokSyase mahIm ' gItAke zabdoM meM zubhabhAvanAke nAmapara mara miTaneke santoSako acUka sAthIke rUpameM antataka sAtha rakhakara maratA hai| . ( vyasanAsaktise hAni ) vyasanA" vismaratyapravezena // 151 // vyasanAsakta manuSya dhyAnAbhAvase kartavyavimUDha ho jAtA hai| vivaraNa-vyasanAsakta manuSyakA bahirmukha mana apanI bahirmukhatAse kartavyake marmasthalameM praveza na kara sakane ke kAraNa usake liye bhItarase utsAha na pAkara apanA kartavya bhUla jAtA hai| jyasanAsakta manuSya vyasanAsaktijanya utsAhahInatAse kartavyake marma yA sampatti ke mArgataka na pahuMcA hokara kartavyako bhUla jAtA yA use samajha hI nahIM pAtA / manune bhAkheTa dyUta ( zataraMja tAza pahelI )divAsvapna paranindA paracarcA viSayalolupatA tathA mada Adi vyasana ginAye haiM / rAjA yA prajA pratyeka vyakti ina mahAdoSoMse bace / Page #155 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 128 cANakyasUtrANi ( samayake durupayogase hAni ) nAstyanantarAyaH kAlavikSepe // 152 / / kAlake durupayogameM nirvighnatA nahIM hai| dIrghasUtratA vighna saMkula hai| vivaraNa- kartavyoMko ThIka samayapara na karake unheM TAlate calejAne (arthAt unakA kAla khote cale jAne ) meM nizcita rUpase vighna mAkhaDe hote haiM / kartavyoMko TAlate rahanA apanA kAma bigaDavAneke liye vinoM ko nautanA hai / vighnako antarAya kahA jAtA hai| vighnavijetA mAnava hI kartavya karasakatA aura usakA phala pAsakatA hai| jo manuSya ucita samayapara kAma karake apaneko apane puruSArtha se nirvighna rakhatA hai, usake kAmoMkA ucita samaya kabhI nahIM cUkatA aura use kabhI asaphalatAkA muMha dekhanA nahIM paDatA / jo kAmameM vighna na Ane denA cAhe ve kartavyakA kAla na bItane deN| kartavyakA kAla na bItane denemeM hI kartadhyakI saphalatAkA rahasya chipA humA hai / vicArazIla loga jabataka apane pAsa mAnevAle pratyeka kSaNapara sadupa. yogakI mudrA nahIM mAra dete, tabataka jIvanake eka bhI kSaNako bItanekI mAjJA nahIM dete| unake jIvanakA eka bhI kSaNa 8nake pAsase vyartha bhAga jAnekA duHsAhasa nahIM kara sakatA / isa prakAra pratyeka kSaNakA sadupayoga karanevAleke jIvanakA mahAna banajAnA sunizcita ho jAtA hai| saMsArake acche kAmoMke samasta udAharaNa samayarUpI dhanake sadupayogake hI pariNAma haiN| manuSya ke jIvanako eka vizAla bhavanake rUpameM kalpanA kareM to yaha bhavana jina iMToMse banatA hai ve ITeM hamAre pAsa eka eka karake AnevAle kSaNa haiN| ina kSaNoMke sadupayogase hI vizAla svargIya divyajIvana nAmakA divyabhavana banakara khaDA hojAtA hai| pAThAntara--- nAstyanantarAyaH kAlakSepaH / kAlakSepa karanevAlA manuSya nirvighna nahIM hotA / dUsare zabdoM meM nirvighna vahI manuSya hotA hai jo kAlakSepa nahIM krtaa| Page #156 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dUsaroMkA uttaradAyitva svArthamUlaka 129 ( sunizcita vinAzase anizcita vinAzameM lAbha ) asaMzayavinAzAt saMzayavinAzaH zreyAn // 153 / / saMgrAmavimukha nizcita mautase sAMgrAmika anizcita mauta manu. eyake liye zreyaskara hai| vivaraNa-mAja yA sau varSa pazcAt mRtyu to manuSyakI honI hI hai| isaliye isa nizcita mRtyukA pratIkSaka na rahakara dharmarakSA karaneke liye upasthita saMbhAvita ( arthAt anizcita ) vinAzayukta saMgrAma kSetrameM vIragati pAneke suavasarako na khokara, apane antima zvAsotaka zatrake dambhako cUrNa karane ke liye udyata rahane meM hI vIrajIvanakI sArthakatA hai| yadi vipattise bacakara bhI maraNa nizcita ho to vipattikA sAmmukhya karate hue yA to vijaya yA vIra. gati pAnA acchA hai| vipadvijayake anantara milI mauta manuSyakA saubhAgya hai| isa mautameM vijaya pAne tathA vijita na honekA mAtmasantoSa to hai| __ saMgrAmase bacane se mautase nahIM bacA jAtA / jisa bhanivArya mautase bacA hI nahIM jA sakatA, usa mautakA vijayI manase AhvAna karanese hI mAnava. jIvana saphala hotA hai aura yahI mautako vyartha banADAlanArUpI mRtyuMjaya bananA bhI kahAtA hai| mRtyuMjaya bananA hI vIra puruSoMkI ekamAtra pahacAna hai| avIrocita mAramapratAraNA karake jIvanarakSAke nAmase dharmayuddhasthalase bhAga nikalane kA samarthana karanA cANakya jaise hutAramAke isa sUtrakA abhiprAya nahIM ho sktaa| __ (dUsaroMkA uttaradAyitva svArthamUlaka) aparadhanAni nikSeptuH kevalaM svArtham // 154 // dUsareke dhanako dharohara rUpameM rakhanevAlA yadi dharohara rakhane ke sAtha svArthabheda aura dUsaroM ke prati apanA koI uttaradAyitva nahIM samajhatA hogA to vaha nizcita rUpa meM pratyeka samaya apanA hI svArtha khojatA rhegaa| Page #157 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 130 cANakyasUtrANi vivaraNa- dharohara rakhanevAle ke sAtha bhedabuddhi rakhakara ( arthAt use kevaLa apanA svArtha nikAlanekA sAdhanamAtra samajhakara aura apanepara usakA koI uttaradAyitva na lekara ) vyaktigata yA rASTrIya dharohara rakhanevAle svArthI logoMkA kevala svArthapUrNa dRSTikoNa rahatA hai| kyoMki vastu jisake pAsa dharohara rakhI jAtI hai, usake sAtha vizvAsakA saMbandha jur3A rahatA hai, isaliye vizvAsa hI saccI dharohara hai| yaha sUtra vizvA. sarUpI apanI dharoharako upayuktapAtroMko samarpita karanekI preraNA derahA hai aura cAhatA hai ki kisI rASTra ke loga apanI vizvAsarUpI dharoharako apA. troMko sauMpanekI bhUla na kara baiThe / pAtra apAtrakA viveka karake vizvAsakA saMbandha supAtra ke sAtha hI joDanA cAhiye / kisIko dharohara sauMpane ke saMbandhameM itanI sAvadhAnI baratanepara kaTutA aura kartavyahInatAkA doSa lagAnekI saMbhAvanA naSTa hojAtI hai| jo manuSya mAMkha banda karake kisIke bhI sAtha dharohara rakhane kA saMbandha mandhAdhundha joDa letA hai usake saMbandhameM kaTutA AnA aura zikAyatakA avasara paidA honA anivArya hai| svArthabhedakI dUSita corabuddhi lekara dUsaroMkI dharoharakA uttaradAyitva lenA pApa hai| aisA uttaradAyitva lenevAloMke manameM usa dharoharameMse kevala apanA svArtha nikAlane ke atirikta aura ho hI kyA sakatA hai ? jaise stanoMpara cipaTanevAlI jokha gauke yanameMse dUdha na pIkara rudhira hI pItI hai isI prakAra manameM svArthabhedako rakhakara dharohara saMbhAlanevAle loga sevA yA kartavyapAlanakA santoSa na lekara saba samaya usa dharoharameMse kucha na kucha yA adhikase adhika curA leneke vicAra rakhate haiN| aise logoM ko pahacAnanA tathA aisoM ke pAsa dharohara na rakhanA janatAkA svahitakArI mahatvapUrNa kartavya hai| dharohara to aise logoM ke pAsa rakhI jAnI cAhiye jo dharohara rakhanevAle ke hitameM apanA hita samajhanevAle dhArmika (ImAnadAra ) hoN| dharoharakA artha hI vizvAsa hai| vizvAsakA saMbandha unhIM logoMse joDanA cAhiye jinakI bhorase vizvAsaghAtakI koI saMbhAvanA na ho| sUtrakA vyApaka abhiprAya yahI hai Page #158 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dUsaroMkA uttaradAyitva svArthamUlaka 131 ki jisase prema yA vizvAsakA saMbandha joDA jAya use bhale prakAra pahacAna kara hI joDanA caahiye| vicAroM aura svArthoMkI ekatA hI prema hai / jahA~ matabheda aura svArthabheda hai, vahAM vizvAsaghAta honA anivArya hai| rAjadharmake prasaMgameM sUtrArtha isa prakAra hogA- rASTra ke rAjyAdhikArako dharohara rUpameM apane uttaradAyitvameM lenevAle rAjyAdhikArI yadi apanI parAyI bhedabuddhi rakhate hoMge aura rASTrIya kAryoMko parAyI dharoharamAtra samajhate hoMge to yaha nizcita hai ki ve usameM se kevala apanA hI svArtha khojate raheMge aura usa rAjyAdhikArako bhraSTAcArakA (aDDA) bhAgAra banA ddaaleNge| rASTravyavasthA rASTrakI dharohara hai / rASTrake dhana, prANa tathA zAntikI rakSA karanA hI rASTravyavasthAkA rUpa hai| rASTrane isI rASTravyavasthAko rAjazaktike pAsa dharohara rUpameM rakhA hubhA hai / yaha dharohara jina logoMke pAsa rahatI hai, unake vyaktigata svArthI honekI prabala saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| isI saMbhAvanAke viruddha janatAko cetAvanI denA isa cANakyasutrakA nigaDha bhAbhiprAya hai / dharohara rakhanevAloMmeM vahI zreSTha mAnA jAtA hai jo dharoharako surakSita rakhakara usake vAstavika svAmIko lauTA dene ke liye pratyeka samaya sannaddha rahe tathA dharoharake saMrakSaNameM samartha bane rahaneke liye pArizramikake rUpameM apanA samAjAnumodita prApya pAtA rahe / jo mUDha rAjyAdhikArI dharoharakI surakSA tathA use usIke svAmIko lauTAnemeM AtmakalyANa na samajhatA ho yaha kSudra svArthI kahAtA hai / jo dUsareke dhana arthAt surakSita rakhaneke yogya priya vastuko dharohara rUpameM svIkAra karake bhI apane svArthako dharohara rakhanevAloMke svArthase alaga samajhane kI bhUla karatA hai, vaha apane kSudra svArtha ke vazameM hokara dUsaroMke svArthakA ghAtaka banakara vizvAsaghAta kara baiThatA hai / dharohara rakhane tathA use svIkAra karanevAle donoMke svArthoMkI ekatA hI ni:svArtha premakA saMbaMdha hotA hai / saba sabake svArthako apanA hI svArtha samajheM isImeM sabakA yathArtha kalyANa hai| rAjyAdhikArI loga prajAke kalyANameM hI apanA kalyANa dekheM, rAjyavyavasthA meM apane svArthako pradhAnatA na Page #159 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi de baiTheM, yahI rAjyavyavasthAke prajAkalyANakArI honekI kasauTI hai | jaba rAjakarmacAriyoMkA tathA prajAkA isa prakAra premakA AdAna pradAna hone lage taba isIko prajAtantra yA rAmarAjya kahA jAsakatA hai / rAjA prajAmeM isa prakArakA premakA AdAna pradAna hote rahanepara vizvAsaghAtakA avasara nahIM rahatA / 132 rAjyatantra samasta rASTrakI ghana, prANa, zAntikI eka pavitra dharohara hai / rAjyatantra rUpI yaha dharohara atyanta dhArmika nikSepiyoMke pAsa rakhanekI vastu hai | uttama nikSepiyoMko khojanikAlanA tathA rASTrameM uttama nikSepI logoM ke nirmANakA prabandha banAye rakhanA, rASTrakA svahitakArI kartavya hai / vahI rAjA aura ve hI amAtya Adi rAjakarmacArI varga rASTrakI isa pavitra dharoharako svIkAra karane ke yogya haiM jo rASTrake kalyANameM hI apanA kalyANa samajhate hoN| yadi rAjyake karNadhAra loga rASTrakI isa dharoharake prati adhArmika (beImAna ) ho rahe hoM; apane vyaktigata kSudra svArthako mahatva de rahe ddoM, yadi ve zAsitase alaga apanI lobhI zAsaka jAti banA baiThe hoM, to dezadrohI haiM, rASTraghAtI haiM, aura daNDanIya haiN| rASTrakI isa pavitra dharoharameMse svArthasAdhana karanevAloMko daNDita aura padacyuta karanA pratyeka cakSuSmAn rASTra tathA rASTrapremIkA mahatvapUrNa kartavya hai / rASTrIya dharohara ke sAtha vizvAsaghAta karanevAle rAjakarmacAriyoMko daNDa milanA aura unakA daNDa pAnese na bacapAnA rASTrazodhaka vaha laMkAdAha hai jisameM pApakA vadha karake se phUMka diyA jAtA aura rASTrakI pavitratAkI rakSA hotI rahatI hai / jaba rASTra apane isa mahatvapUrNa kartavya ke pAlanameM udAsInatA baratatA hai, taba rASTrameM zAsakoMkI zAsitase alaga eka aisI jAti bana jAtI hai jisake svArtha rASTrIya svArthase alaga hokara TakarAne lagate haiM / yadi rASTra apane dhana, prANa tathA zAntikI dharoharakI rakSAke kAmako svArthI, adhArmika tathA ayo hAthoMmeM sauMpa detA hai to vaha kaumoMse daddIkI rakSA karAnekI bhUla kara baiThatA hai / rASTrakI dharoharako ayogya logoMko sauMpanA unheM jAna bUjhakara aparAdhI banane kA avasara denA hai / Page #160 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dUsaroMkA uttaradAyitva svArthamUlaka rAjA yA rAjakarmacArI jahAM aparAdhI haiM vahAM unheM aparAdha karane dene vAlA rASTra hI usa pApakA uttaradAyI hai / kyoMki janatAke sahayogake binA koI bhI rAjA yA rAjakarmacArI rASTrIya dharoharakA svArthamUlaka upayoga kara hI nahIM sktaa| jo rAjyAdhikArI isa pavitra dharoharakA durupayoga karate haiM, ve rASTrako to hAni pahuMcAte hI haiM sAtha hI svayaM bhI naSTa honese nahIM bacapAte / isaliye nahIM bacapAte ki unake tathA rASTrake kalyANameM koI antara nahIM hai / yadi unhoMne rASTrako hAni kI hai to vaha unakI bhI tohAni hI hai| yadi ve rASTra ke sAtha nyAya kareM to usameM rASTra ke sAtha unakA bhI to kalyANa ho| kyoMki unakA kalyANa rASTra kalyANase pRthaka koI vastu nahIM hai / kalyANako vyaktiyoM meM khaNDita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kalyANa akhaNTu vastu hai| kalyANa sabake sAjheko vastu hai| jisameM ekakA kalyANa hai usameM sabhIkA kalyANa hai / isa dRSTi se rASTrake sacce pratinidhi vijJa logoMkA kartavya hotA hai ki sabase pahale rASTrako apanA hita ahita tathA zatru mitra pahacAnanA sikhAyeM, suyogya hAthoM meM rAjyazaktirUpI rASTrIya dharohara saupeM aura ise ayogya hAthoMmeM na rahasakane kI sudRDha vyavasthA kreN| itanA kiye binA rAjyazaktiko ayogya hAthoM meM jAnese nahIM rokA jAsakatA / rAjasattAkA nirvAcana rAyakA hI uttaradAyitva hai| jahAM rAjasattA doSI hai vahAM rASTra hI ayogya hAthoM meM sattA sauMpane tathA rahane denekA uttaradAyI hai| jaba ki rASTrakI samrmAtase rAjyazakti bananekI paripATI hai taba rASTra zakti bananekA adhikAra sArvajanika kalyANabuddhi rakhanevAle sevakoM ko hI sauMpanA cAhiye / use avivekI hAthoM meM nahIM jAne denA cAhiye / rASTrazaktike rASTranirmANake kAmameM hI prayukta honekI sudRDha vyavasthA honI cAhiye / * mArya cANakya isa sUtrake dvArA lokamatase kahanA cAhate haiM ki rASTra rASTrIya dharohara apane pAsa rakhanevAloMke vyaktigata svArthokI orase pUrA saceta rahe aura rAjyasaMsthAko unakA vyaktigata svArtha pUrA hone ke kAmameM na mAne de| Page #161 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 134 ( dAna svahitakArI kartavya ) dAnaM dharmaH / / 155 // cANakyasUtrANi dAna ( arthAt yogya pAtrakI sahAyatA karanA ) dharma ( manuvyakA svahitakArI kartavya ) hai / vivaraNa - satyake hAthameM AtmadAna kiye rahanevAle dAtA tathA pratigrahItAkA satyArtha vyavahAravinimaya hI saccA dAna hai / dhanArthI supAtrako hI dhanakA saccA svAmI jAnakara dIyamAna dhanako apane pAsa rakhI huI yog pAtrakI dharohara mAnakara usakI dharohara usIko sauMpa denA dAnakI paribhASA yA dAnakA AtmA hai| kisI saMsArI lAbhakI dRSTise kisIko kucha dhana yA bhojana, vastrAdi de denA dAnakA AtmA nahIM hai / dAtA ke ghamaMDI Asana para baiThe rahane aura dAnakA kucha vinimaya cAhate rahane se dAnakA svarUpa prakaTa nahIM hotA / dAnakA bharamA taba pUrA hotA hai jaba vaha dAtAse AtmadAna karA letA hai / jo manuSya apanA dAtApana bhUlajAtA hai aura kAryArthI hokara AnevAle ko hI svAdhikArAntargata vastukA yathArtha svAmI jAnakara arthAt usa padArthako usIkI dharohara mAnakara RNamukta honekI bhAvanAke sAtha dAna karatA hai, usake manameMse dAtA aura pratigrahItAkA bheda hI lula hojAtA hai / yahI dAnakA saccA rUpa hotA hai / manuSya ke sAtha manuSya kA lene denekA vyavahAra calatA hI rahatA hai / isa vyavahAravinimaya meM svArthakI bhAvanA bhI raha sakatI hai aura mAnavadharmarUpI dAnadharma bhI virAjatA raha sakatA hai / pitA ke sAtha putrakA pAlanapoSaNa, tathA sevA AdikA, AcAryoMke sAtha antevAsiyoMkA bAcAra, zikSA tathA sevAkA, mitroMke sAtha dAna pratidAna sahayoga sahAyatA AdikA, samAjake sAtha vyaktikA AdAna pradAnakA saMbandha calatA rahatA tathA rASTrake sAtha nAgarikoM kA sevAkA saMbandha banA rahatA hai| isa pArasparika vyavahAravinimaya meM kahIM to svArthakI bhAvanA pAI jAtI hai, tathA kahIM mAnavadharma Page #162 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dAna svahitakArI kartavya rUpI dAnadharma pAyA jAtA hai / saccA vyavahAravinimaya hI dAna hai| jaba jyavahAravinimayameM sacAI mAjAtI hai taba hI vaha dAna kahAnekA adhikArI banatA hai / dAtA tathA pratigrahItA donoM se kisI ke bhI manameM pArasparika luNThanakA vicAra na bhAkara vyavahAravinimaya honA hI dAnadharmakA sarvottama kSetra hai| dAnakI isa paribhASAke anusAra saccA dAtA vahI hai jo vini. mayake lobhase bAtmapratArita nahIM hotA, tathA dAnake nAmase kisIkA luNThana karamA nahIM caahtaa| sammA pratigrahItA vahI hai jo bhikhArI banakara dAtAko lagane yA kisI dAtA nAmadhArIkI ThagaImeM mAnekI bhrAntike atIta hai / yahI dAtA tathA pratigrahItAke pAnApAtrakI saccI kasauTI hai| jo manuSya isa prakAra dAna karanA yA use svIkAra karanA jAna jAtA hai, vaha bhamara dhanakA svAmitva pAletA hai / vaha dAtA aura grahItAkI ekatAko pahacAna kara samasta dhanoMke ekamAtra akSaya svAmIke sAtha sammilita hojAtA hai| usake sarvabhUtAtmadarzI vizAla manameM se kisI bhI dhanapara vyaktigata svArthamUlaka adhikAra rakhaneko bhAvanA lupta hojAtI hai| adhika kyA, yaha sArA hI saMsAra usakI saMpatti bana jAtA hai| " sarva svaM brAhmaNa. sveda yatkiMcijjagatIgatam / " saMsArameM jitane bhI dhana haiM ve saba brahmadarzI vidvAnoMkI sampati haiM / jo isa prakAra dAna karanA jAna jAtA hai vaha amara dhanakA svAmitva pAletA hai / yaha sArA hI saMsAra usakI saMpatti ho jAtA hai| Upara kahA jAcukA hai ki dUsaroMkA adhikArapaharaNa na karanA arthAt sArvajanika kalyANameM apanA kalyANa samajhanA hI dAna yA mAnavadharma hai| bhAiye rAjyatantrake sambandhameM dAnadharmapara vicAra kreN| rAjyatantra meM rAjyA. dhikArI isa dAna nAmaka mAnavadharmase hIna hojAya to vaha kAryArthiyopara rAjyazaktikA dabAva DAlakara unase anadhikArapUrvaka dhanApaharaNa karanekI suvidhA pAjAtA hai / yahI ayogya rAjyAdhikAriyoMkI vaha dAnavirodhI adhArmika manovRtti hotI hai jo unase rASTrakA apaharaNa karAtI aura apane zudra peTake liye rASTrake caritrakA vinAza karatI hai| dUsaroMkA adhikArA Page #163 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 136 cANakyasUtrANi paharaNa na karane tathA sArvajanika kalyANameM hI apanA kalyANa samajhanevAle vyakti hI Adarza rAjyatantra ke dhAraka tathA nirmAtA nAgarika hosakate haiM / inake viparIta apane vyaktigata svArthako sArvajanika kalyANase alaga samajha kara kAryArthI samAjapara rAjazaktike dabAva se AkramaNa karanA bhadAna hai, adharma hai aura AsurikatA hai / rAjyavyavasthApakoM meM se koI kisI prajAke sAtha chInA jhapaTI na kare, yahI dAnakA sAmAjika tathA rAjanaitika rUpa hai / dUsare ke adhikArapara hastakSepa na karanerUpI yaha dAna kisIko kucha na denepara bhI dAnakI paribhASAmeM AjAtA hai / yaha dAna dravyAtmaka na hokara bhAvanAtmaka hai / yaha sUtra rAjyavyavasthAmeM isI bhAvanAmaya dAnako prayoga meM lAnA Avazyaka batAneke liye ho banA hai / cANakyane rAjanItimeM dharma ke nAma se dAnako rakhakara dAnake isa rAjanaitikarUpakI ora jo saMketa kiyA hai vaha bhAratIya saMskRti ke mArmika cANakyakI rAjanaitika pratibhAkI vizeSatA hai / yaha bar3e Azcarya kI bAta hai ki dAnadharmakA yaha mahattvapUrNa yathArtharUpa Ajataka cANakya mina kisI bhI Adhunika lekhakako nahIM sUjhA aura kisIne bhI isa dAnadharma se rAjyatantra ke pavitrIkaraNake dvArA rASTrazodhanakA upakrama nahIM kiyA / ( dAnakA ucita mArga ) ( adhika sUtra ) aparadhanAnapekSaM kevalamarthadAnaM zreyaH / badalemeM dUsarese kucha pAne kI apekSA na rakhakara niHsvArtha zuddha arthadAna hI zreSTha (arthAt kalyANakArI ) hotA hai / vivaraNa - gItAmeM dAnake sAtvika, rAjasa, tAmasa tIna bheda varNita haiM / dAtavyamiti yaddAnaM dIyatenupakAriNe / deze kAle ca pAtre ca taddAnaM sAtvikaM smRtam // yattu pratyupakArArtha phalamuddizya vA punaH :1 dIyate ca parikliSTaM taddAnaM rAjasaM smRtam // adezakAle yaddAnamapAtrebhyazca dIyate / asatkRtamavajJAtaM tattAmasamudAhRtam // Page #164 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ saccA dhana badale meM upakAra pAne kI bhAzA na rakhakara, kevala kartavya buddhi se deza, kAla, pAtra dekhakara diyA hubhA dAna zuddha sAvika dAna hai / pratyupakArake liye yA phala bhAvanAse tathA klezapUrvaka dAna rAjapsa dAna haiN| adeza, akAla tathA mapAtrako asatkAra aura avajJAke sAtha diyA dAna tAmapta dAna hotA hai / ( anAryapracalita vyartha AcaraNa anarthajanaka ) nAryAgato'rthavadviparIto'narthabhAvaH // 156 // anArya ( ajJAnI ) samAja meM pracalita paramparAgata vyartha Aca raNa hI mAnavajIvananAzaka anartha hai| vivaraNa ---- anAyocita vyartha bhAcaraNoMse bacane meM hI mAnavajIvanako sArthakatA hai / unnatikAmI manuSya rudhiviruddha nAca, gAna, khela, tamAze tathA tAza, zataraMja, junA Adi vyartha bhanAya mAcaraNoMse bace / (sacA dhana ) __ ( adhika sUtra ) nyAyAgato'rthaH / nyAya arthAt dharma sunIti aura samucita upAyAMse samupArjita dhana hI dhana kahalAne yogya hai| vivaraNa- anyAya manIti tathA dUsaroMko udvigna karaDAlanevAle anu cita upAyoM tathA udvejaka DhaMgoMse upArjita dhana dhana ke rUpameM mahAn anartha hai / 'parityajedaryakAmo yo syAtAM dharmavarjitI / ' manuSya dharmahIna artha aura dharmahIna kAmase sukhI hone kI AzA na bAMdhe / dharmAcArahInoMkA dhana mala. saMcaya mAtra hai| ( adhika sUtra ) tadviparIto'rthAbhAsaH / hIna upAyoM mArgoM yA prakAroMse prApta dhanako artharUpadhArI anartha mAnanA caahiye| Page #165 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi vivaraNa - kyoMki manuSyatAse patita hokara hI arjita honevAlA dhana mUrtimAn aniSTa hai, isIliye manuSyakA corI, dasyutA, zaThatA, kuTilatA, mAyA tathA anRtase dhanopArjana karanA nindita hai / hIna upAyoMse AnevAlA 'vana nIcAzayako acchA lagatA hai / 138 pAThAntara- tadviparIto'narthasevI / asanmArga se dhanopArjana karanevAlA manuSya nizcita rUpase abhApatita Dhokara akathya hAni uThAtA hai / ( sapAjakalyANakArI trivargAntargata kAma ) yo dharmArtho na vivardhayati sa kAmaH // 157 // jo dharma, artha donoMko vRddhi na kare vaha kAma hai / vivaraNa - isa pATha meM artha saMgatikA abhAva hai / pIDayati pAThAntara meM arthasaMgati hai / isase yaha apapATha hai / pAThAntara-- yo dharmArthI na pIDayati sa kAmaH / jo kAma mAnavocita dharma tathA mAnavocita arthanIti donoM meM se kisIko jI vikRta nahIM karatA vahI svIkaraNIya kAma hai / yathArtha kAma ' vahI hai jo dharma aura artha donoMmeMse kisIko bAdhA na kare yA hAni na phuNcaaye| dharma ( arthAt anapaharaNa yA dUsaroM ke adhikArapara anAkramaNa ) tathA artha ( arthAt dharmapUrvaka upArjita jIvanasAdhanoM ) kA virodha yA apaghAta na kara baiThanevAle, samAjakI zAntike saMrakSaka sukhopabhoga kAma' kahate haiM / dharma, artha tathA kAma ye nItijJoMke trivarga yA tIna puruSArtha haiM / 'dharmArthakAmAH samameva sevyAH ' / dharma, artha tathA kAma tInoM ko santulitarUpa meM sevana karanA cAhiye, ina tInoM meM pArasparika sahakAritA aura avadhyaghAtakatA rahanI cAhiye | gItA meM kahA 1 hai. dharmAviruddho bhUteSu kAmosmi bharatarSabha / Page #166 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kAmakA dAsatAse hAni he arjuna, maiM prANiyoM meM pAyA jAnevAlA dharmakA avirodhI kAma hUM / manuSya usa artha tathA usa kAmako parityAga karade jo dharmase hIna ho / dharmavirodhI kAmake sevana se bhogalaulya baDhatA hai, indriyeM viSaya ke paMkameM phaMsa jAtI haiM, aura bhogIke hRdayako azAnta karake usase samAjakI zAMtikA bhaMga karavAtI haiM / 139 mAnavakI indriyoMkA viSayalolupa hokara viSayoMmeM pravRtta hojAnA aura unapara mAnavakA prabhAvazAlI netRtva yA niyantraNa na rahanA kAmakA dUSita rUpa hai| usakA yaha dUSita rUpa dharma tathA arthako tilAMjali milajAnA nizcita kara detA hai / kAse baDhe hue isa dUSita rUpase manuSyajIvana svayaM kaluSita hokara samAjakI zAMti ghAtaka zatru bana jAtA hai aura vyakti tathA samAja donoMkI ApattiyeM baDhajAtI hai / isaliye zreSTha mAnava ke jIvana meM kAmako dharma, arthake anurUpa yA inakA avirodhI banakara rahanA cAhiye / ( adhika sUtra ) tadviparItaH kAmAbhAsaH / adharmIkA utpAdaka tathA arthanItikA vinAzaka kAma ApAtataH sukha pratIta honepara bhI atRptijanaka zAntighAtaka duHkha ho / vivaraNa- isa ucchRMkhala kAmase mAnavakI bhogecchAoMkA saMbaMdha ta hai parantu isake sAtha mAnava ke kalyANa aura zAntikA koI bhI saMbaMdha nahIM hai / aise adharmajanaka arthanAzaka tathA azAntyutpAdaka kAmase mAnavakA aniSTa hI hotA hai / apanA aniSTa karanevAlI vastukI icchA kAma nahIM duSkAma hai 1 isI prakAra dUsarekA aniSTa karane kI icchA bhI kAma nahIM duSkAma hI hai ( kAma kI dAsatAse hAni ) 1 tadviparIto'narthasevI // 158 // dharmArthAvirodhI kAmase viparIta kAmanA karanevAlA mAnava, apane jIvanako vyartha karatA, samAjamai azAnti utpanna karatA tathA samAjakI zAntikI zRMkhalAko naSTa kara detA hai / - Page #167 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 140 cANakyasUtrANi ( samAja meM niSkapaToMkI nyUnatA ) RjusvabhAvo janeSu durlabhaH // 159 // satpuruSa ke sAtha niSkapaTa nirvyAja, sabhya, bartAva karanevAlA, kartavyapAlana mAtrapara dRSTi rakhanevAlA Rju vyakti manuSyoM meM durlabha hotA hai / vivaraNa - saMsAra meM sacAI se hI sacAIkA vinimaya denevAle vyakti virala hote haiM / satpuruSoM ke sAtha sacAI se bartAvazuddhabuddhi manuSya anivArya rUpa se satyakA to pakSapAtra tathA asatyakA virodha karanevAlA hotA hai ! usako RjutA use asatyakA virodha karanese rokanevAlI dikhAvaTI RjutA nahIM hotI / vaha asatyArUDha paricitoMko kSaNabhara meM aparicitake samAna tyAga detA hai / vaha kisI dUsare ke liye Rju nahIM hai / vaha to apane ArAdhyadeva satyanArAyaNako ArAdhanAko akSuNNa banAye rakhaneke liye Rju hai aura kevala Rju hai / parapradarzana yA parArAdhana usakI RjutAkA svarUpa nahIM hai| vaha parArAdhananirapekSa hokara jahAM kahIM apane ArAdhya satyako pAtA hai, vahI Rju aura jahAM satyako nahIM pAtA, vahAM krUra, kaThora, bhakSamI, asahiSNu aura pratividhAtA banane se nahIM cuuktaa| saMsAra meM RjutAke kRtrima pradarzana bahudhA hote haiM / parantu satyArUDhoM se banAvaTI ziSTAcAravAlI RjutA se saMbandha nahIM rakhAjAtA / sadasadvicAra na rakhanevAle manuSya kI dikhAvaTI RjutA vAstavameM RjutA na hokara nirbuddhitA, vicArahInatA, kuTilatA aura paravacanakA duSTa kauzalamAtra hotA hai / kucha loga duSToMke sAtha bhI sarala bartAva karanekA upadeza denekI dhRSTatA karate haiM aura ve isa mUDhatAko bhI RjutA ke artha meM lAnekA duHsAhasa karanA cAhate haiM | parantu durjanoM ke sAtha niSkapaTa bartAva karanekA yazololupa anyAvahArika saMsAra meM koI sthAna bhale hI ho, vyAvahArika saMsArameM to usakA Page #168 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samAjameM niSkapaToMkI nyUnatA 141 koI bhI sthAna nahIM hai| jo manuSya durjanake sAtha bhI niSkapaTa bartAva karanekA dikhAvA karatA hai vaha durjanakI durjanatAkA hI samarthaka satyaghAtaka viparItavyavahArI hokara svayaM bhI durjana zreNI meM calA jAtA hai| durjanoMke sAtha niSkapaTa bartAva karane kA pradarzana karanevAle loga yA to yazololupatA rUpI mAnasika nirbalatAse AkrAnta athavA durjanoM ke pratividhAna ( badale ) se bhayabhIta rahanevAle kAyara loga hote haiN| sabake bhale mahAtmA bananeko bhAvanA ina logoMkA viveka haraletI hai / isa prakArake loga sabake bhale bane rahane kI yazolipsAse durjanoMke prabhAvameM bhAkara unake to sahAyaka tathA sacAI ke ghAtaka banakara samAjake zatruoMmeM hI sammilita hojAte haiM / kisI bhI cakSuSmAn vyaktikA zreSTha daSTa donoM pakSoM meM sama bartAva karanevAlA honA kisI bhI prakAra saMbhava nahIM hai| donoM pakSoM meM samabhAva avyAvahArika kalpanA hai / acche burekI asaMbhava samatA RjutAke artha meM mA hI nahIM sktii| kintu satyakI sakriya anukUlatA tathA asatya anyAya yA pApakI prabhAvazAlinI kriyAtmaka pratikUlatA hI RjutAkA marma hai| jisa viSayalolupa svArthI saMsArako satyakA pakSa apanAnese apanI bhautika paristhitiko hAni pahuMcanekI saMbhAvanA dekhatI hai vaha usase Dara. kara duSToMkI duSTatAkA virodha na karanekI nIti apanAletA hai| vaha apane vaiSayika saMsArapara coTa na mAne deneke liye apane isa avirodhako mAdhyAtmikatA, ni:spRhatA, masaMgatA aura udAsInatAke raMgameM raMgakara mahAtmA bananA cAhatA hai| samAja sadAse samAjasaMrakSaka tathA samAjaghAtaka do zreNiyoM meM anivAryarUpase vibhakta hotA mArahA hai / parantu isa bhrAnta mAdhyAsmikatAne dharmakA ThekA lerakhanevAlI eka aura tIsarI zreNI paidA karaDAlI hai jo sadAse lAkhoM kapaTI mahAtmA paidA karatI rahI hai / yaha zreNI zAntipriya. tAkA DhakosalA karake duSTavirodha na karanekI nItiko apanAye rahatI hai aura Azcarya to yaha hai ki yaha saba bhrAnta AdhyAtmikatAke sRSTa asaMgatA avivAdarucitA Adi udAtta dhamA~kI duhAI dekara yA DhakosalA karake karatI Page #169 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi hai / ye loga apanI isa bhrAnta dhAraNA tathA bhrAnta pravRttike kAraNa svayaM bhI samAjadrohI zreNI meM sammilita hojAte haiN| samAjake mAdhyAmika kahalAne vAle ve loga jinakA adharmavirodha karanA mukhya kartavya hai, apanI isa pravR. ttise dezadrohiyoMkI hI zakti baDhA DAlate haiN| saMsArake bhrAnta AdhyAtmika loga sAre manuSyasamAjako dharmake nAmapara kApuru. SatAke samarthaka nikamma napuMsaka banAne meM lage hue haiN| mAsurI zaktikA virodha karanese bacanevAle vAstava meM bhAsurI zaktike hI upAsaka haiM / saMsArabharameM jahAM kahIM mAsurI rAjya Thahare hue haiM,ve ina dhArmika mithyAcAriyoM ke bhrAntadharmaviSayaka mithyApracArase hI Thahare hue haiM / ye bhrAnta mAdhyAtmika loga hI AsurI rAjyoMko sthira rakha rahe haiN| ina logoM ko bhrAnta AdhyAtmikatAke pracArane logoMko dharmakA yathArtha rUpa samajhanese vaMcita karaDAlA hai| ina logoMke mithyA pracAra samAjakI AdhyAtmika dRSTi khulane hI nahIM dete / ye samAjakI mAMkhoMko khulanese rokanevAle bhoTe bane hue haiN| yadi samAjameM bhrAnta mAdhyAtmikatA na phailI hotI to samAja mAsurI rAjyoMko kabhIkA ukhADa pheMkatA : samAjameM sacce dhArmika Rju logoMkI durlabhatA hI manuSyasamAjake adhaHpatanakA kAraNa hai| manuSyasamAja lAkha sira paTakanapara bhI taba taka deza meM mAdarza rAjyatantra sthApita nahIM karasakatA; jabataka vaha apane vyaktiyoM ke samAjakalyANa rUpI jJAnanetrakA unmIlana na karale aura deza meM manuSyatAke mAdazakI ujjvala mUrtiko supratiSThita na kara de / isa sUtrameM vedoMke rahasyavedI cANakyane samAjakI isI truTipara spaSTa kaSAghAta karake usako sAva. dhAna karanA cAhA hai| jitane bhI mAnava dharma haiM sabake saba paristhitike bhedase bhinna bhinna nAma pAjAne para bhI satyake hI svarUpa haiN| satya hI paristhitike bhedase una una bhima bhinna dharmoM yA guNoM ke rUpameM prakaTa hotA hai| kyoMki satya hI manupyakI ekamAtra kalyANakAriNI sthiti hai aura kyoMki RjutA bhI mAnava kalyANakAriNI pravRtti mAnI jAtI hai, isaliye yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM ki Page #170 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samAjameM niSkapaToMkI nyUnatA 143 satya hI RjutA hai aura dhArmikatA hI RjutA hai / parantu bhrAnta AdhyA.. smikatAne apane anurUpa kapaTa mAdhyAtmikatAkI, sRSTi kI hai| usane samAjako manuSyakI kAmapravRttiyoMko yA yoM kaheM ki usakI amaryAdita mogalAlasAko mAzraya denekeliye pApa anyAya atyAcAra bAsurikatA mAdike virodhoMke saMkaTa meM paDanekA niSedha karake usa duSTa kAmako khulakara khelanekI pUrI chUTa deDhAlI hai jise saMyata rakhakara samAjakI zAntikA saMrakSaka banAkara rakhanA cAhiye thA / isa bhrAnta mAdhyAtmikatAne saMsArake niSkriya napuMsaka asAhasI mapratIkAraparAyaNa azAntyutpAdaka kApuruSoMkA samAja raca DAlA hai aura usameM bhrAnta zAntikA pracAra kiyA hai| usane zAnti anyAya atyAcAra utpIDana Adi pApoMkA damana karaneke kAmako zAntikI paribhASAmeM na rahane dekara, azAntidamanake kartavyase bhAgate rahaneko hI zAnti yA mAdhyatmikatAkA nAma dekara samAja meM pracArita kiyA hai / isa pracArane samAjameM cirakAlase rahate rahate usakA azAntikA virodha karanekA svabhAva chIna liyA hai aura use eka nirvirodha napuMsaka samAjakA rUpa dehAlA hai| unakA yaha sahasro varSoM se lagAtAra calA AnevAlA dUSita pracAra hI rAjazaktike asuroMke hAthoM meM jAne aura rahanekA ekamAtra sAdhana banatA calA mArahA hai| jinheM apane dezakA zAsana asuraprakRti ke logoM ke hAthoM meM rahanA khaTakatA ho. aura jo AsurI rAjazaktiko naSTa karanA cAhe, ve AsurI rAjyako chinna bhinna karane ke yogya bananekeliye sabase pahale bhApako isa kAma ke liye yogya bnaayeN| usake liye yaha manivArya rUpase bhAvazyaka hai ki ve sabase pahale apanI bhogalAlasApara usa saMyamakA zAsana sthApita kareM jisa saMya. mase ajJAnI samAjako chuTTI dedenA hI bhrAnta AdhyAtmikatA hai| isa bhrAnta AdhyAtmikatAkA pracAra karanevAle mahAtmA veSadhArI asuroMko pahacAna lenevAlA jJAnanetra kholakara samAjako asuravidrohI banAnevAlI saccI RjutAkA kalyANakArI pATha paDhAnA hI isa sUtrako yahAM rakhanekA gUda abhiprAya hai / RjutA durlabha hai, isa nirAzavardhaka samAcArakA pracAra karanA Page #171 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 144 cANakyasUtrANi isa sUtrakA abhiprAya nahIM hai / kintu manuSyoM kA dhyAna saccI RjutAkI ora AkRSTa karake kApaTika RjutAke mUloccheda karanekA mArga dikhAnA hI isa sUtrakA ekamAtra abhiprAya hai / pAThAntara-RjusvabhAvaH parijano durlbhH| RjusvabhAvavAle sevaka prajAvarga tathA pArivArika loga durlabha hote haiN| aise loga kisI bhI rASTra saMsthA yA parivArake prANa tathA saubhAgya hote haiN| ye mAnavasamAjake sAmane apane vyAvahArika jIvana dvArA usake jIvanakA bhAdarza upasthita karadete haiN| kisI rAjAke aise rAjakarmacArI hoM, kisI samAjameM aise loga hoM: kisI parivArake pArivArikoMmeM aise svabhAvavAle vyakti hoM to usakI yazovRddhi ke sAtha sAtha kAryasiddhi bhI avazyaMbhAvinI hotI hai / jisa rAjyameM aise sevaka nahIM, jisa samAja meM aise loga nahIM, jisa parivArameM aise sadasya nahIM, usake saba kAma vipattiyoM se ghire rahate haiN| mAtApitA gururbhAryA prajA dInAH samAzritAH / abhyAgato'tithizcAgniH poSyavarga udaahRtH|| mAtA pitA guru patnI prajA dIna Azrita abhyAgata matithi tathA agni ye saba parijana kahAte haiN| yaha samasta vizva eka virATa parivAra hai / pratyeka mAnava isa virATa paripArakA pArivArika hai| use apane isa vizvaparivArameM apanA ahaMkArI mApA khokara RjutAse vyavahAra karanA cAhiye / (sAdhupuruSoMkI arthanIti ) avamAnenAgatamaizvaryamavamanyate sAdhuH // 160 // sAdhu arthAt satyaniSTha kartavyapAlaka Rju vyakti vaha hai, jo apanI sAdhutApara kalaMka lagA denevAle utkoca Adi garhita DhaMgoMse AnevAle aizvaryako tRNake samAna asvIkAra karadetA hai| Page #172 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pradhAna doSa samastaguNanAzaka vivaraNa - satyaniSTha loga apayaza phailAnevAle apamAnase milanevAle aizvayako tRNake samAna asvIkAra karadete haiM / ve usa aizvaryase apane caritrapara kalaMka lagatA tathA apane sammAnakI hAni hotI dekhakara use kisI bhI rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM krte| "mAno hi mahatAM dhanam / " mAna hI mahApuruSoMkA dhana hai / ve apane mAnadhanakI rakSA apane prANapaNase bhI karate haiN| ye svAbhimAnake sAtha apane nyAyAgata dhanase santuSTa rahakara apane mAnadhanakI rakSA karake nirdhana jIvana bitAneko saubhAgya mAnate aura isImeM svAbhimAna anubhava karate haiM / pAThAntara avamAnAgatamaizvarya 1 145 ( eka pradhAnadoSa samasta guNanAzaka ) bahUnapi guNAneko doSo grasate / / 161 / / manuSyakA eka bhI doSa bahuta se guNoMko doSa banADAlatA hai / vivaraNa -- eka doSa dUsare guNoMko chuDavA detA hai / manuSya meM eka bhI doSa honA siddha kara rahA hai ki dUsare guNa guNakA dikhAvA hI dikhAvA haiN| ve guNa usa doSa jaise hI aniSTakArI haiN| guNadoSoM kA vadhyaghAtakabhAva hone se donoMkA ekatrAvasthAna asaMbhava hai / yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM ki jisameM eka bhI doSa hai usameM koI bhI guNa nahIM hai| guNa, doSa donoMkA hI yaha svabhAva hai ki ye yUthabhraSTa hokara nahIM rahate / isaliye doSakA saMpUrNa bahiSkAra karake rakhane meM hI mAnavakA kalyANa yA nirdoSatA saMbhava hai| kisI kavike zabdoM meM 'eko hi doSo guNarAzinAzI / ' eka bhI doSa manuSyakI guNarAziko nAza karaDAlatA hai | yadi kisI zAsaka yA rAjakarmacArImeM rAjazaktike dabAva se vyaktigata dhana baToranekI pravRtti hai to usake anya samasta guNa napuMsaka hojAte haiM / cANakya isa sUtra samAjako dInAvasthAkI ora saMketa karake deza meM se baDe prayatna se RjuoM ko DhUMDha DhUMDhakara rAjyasaMsthA meM rakhanekI preraNA de rahe haiM / 10 Page #173 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 146 cANakyasUtrANi RjupuruSoM ko hI rAjyasaMsthAmeM rakhanekA rASTrapara aisA manovaijJAnika dabAva paDatA hai ki sArA rASTra bhalAIkI mora pravAhita hojAtA hai aura rASTa meM satayuga mAvirAjatA / RjusvabhAvavAle arthAt niSkapaTa phartagya pAlanevAle loga samAjake bhUSaNa aura saubhAgya hote haiM / pAThAntara- bahUnapi guNAneko doSo grasate / ( mahatvapUrNa kAma apane hI bharosepara ) mahAtmanA pareNa sAhasaM na kartavyam // 162 // satyaniSTa vardhiSNu mahAtmA loga duSkara dIkhanevAlI satya rakSA dUsara sAthiyoMke bharose na karake apane hI bharosepara kreN| vivaraNa-- baDe bananeke icchuka loga dUsaroM ke bharosepara sAhasa na kara baiThA kreN| paranirbharazIla honA mahatva nahIM dilA sktaa| sAhasa sadA apane hI bharosepara karanA cAhiye / satyaniSTha mahAtmA loga duSkara dIkhanevAlI satyarakSA dUsare sAthiyoM ke bharosese na kreN| satyaniSThA svayaM hI vizvavijayIpana hai| satyaniSThakA satyaH svayaM hI usakI pUrNatA hai / usameM aiso koI nyUnatA nahIM hai ki jo sAthi yoMke sahayogase pUrI honevAlI hoM / satyakI miThAsameM itanI zakti hai ki vaha satyaniSThako satyarakSAke saMbandhameM paranirapekSa banAkara use saMgrAmakSetrama akelA hI lejAkara khaDA karadetI hai aura usake manameM cintAko sthAna nahIM lene detI ki mere sAtha koI cala rahA hai yA nahIM ? eko'hamasahAyo'haM kRzo'hamaparicchadaH / svapnepyevaMvidhA cintA mRgendrasya na jaayte|| mRgendrako, maiM akelA hUM, merA koI sAthI nahIM hai maiM, kRza aura sAmagrIhIna hUM isa prakArakI cintA sapanemeM bhI nahIM hotI / satyake pIche calanA, satya uddezya rakhanA, yahI satyaniSThakI abhrAnta anantazaktimattA hai| satyaniSThakA na to koI netA hotA hai aura na koI anuyAyI / jaba kabhI Page #174 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSama paristhitimeM bhI kartavya 247 satyaniSThoMke samUha ekatrita hojAte haiM taba vahAM bhI koI kisIkA netA yA anuyAyI nahIM hotA / kahIM bhI ekatrita honevAle sabake saba satyaniSTha satyake hI netRtvameM aTUTa saMgha banAkara rahate haiN| pAThAntara- mahatA sAhasaM na pareNa kartavyam / adhika zaktizAlI zatruke sAtha saMgrAmake avasarapara sAhasa (arthAt nirbuddhitA) na kare / duSTa zatru apanI bhautika zaktike ghamaMDameM mAkara hI satyaniSTha dhArmika para mAkramaNa karatA hai / satyaniSTha dhArmikake liye kevala bhautika zaktikA bharosA karanA nirbuddhitA hai| use usa samaya upAyAntaroMse kAma lekara bhAtmarakSA karanI cAhiye / usake pAsa vizvavijayinI buddhizakti svabhAvase rahatI hai / use kauzalase hI zatruvijaya karanA cAhiye / zatrudamanake liye jisa samaya jisa astrakA prayoga karanA ucita hotA hai vahI usakA satyaniSThArUpI raNakauzala hojAtA hai / ( viSama paristhiti meM bhI caritrarakSA kartavya ) kadAcidapi caritraM na laMghayet // 163 // manuSya kAma, krodha Adi vikAroMkI AdhInatA svIkAra karake apane caritra (svabhAva-svadharma-mAnavIya kartavya ) ke viparIta koI aisA kAma na kara baiThe ki vaha jIvanabhara hRdaya meM cubhanevAlA kAMTA bana jAya / vivaraNa- manuSya apanI suzIlatA, sajjanatA aura caritrako na tyAge / sajjanatA, suzIlatA, saccAritrya isa apAra saMsArasAgarameM tairanevAle mAnava ke niSkapaTa sAthI mAtA, pitA, bandhu, bAndhava aura sarvasva haiN| apane caritrakI rakSA mAnavakA sabase mahatvapUrNa kAma hai / vRddhoMne kahA hai-'sarvadA sarvayatnena caritramanupAlayet ' manuSya apanA samasta prayatna karake apane caritrakI rakSA kare / " zIlena sarva jagat " zIla eka aisA divya sAdhana Page #175 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 148 cANakyasUtrANi hai ki isase samasta saMsArapara vazIkAra prApta hojAtA hai| caritralaMghanase saMsArameMse manuSyakA vizvAsa uTha jAtA hai / saMsArameM saccaritrako hI mAdara milatA hai| kSudhAoM na tRNaM carati siMhaH // 164 // jaise siMha bubhukSAse vyAkula hone para bhI apanA mAMsAzI svabhAva tyAgakara tRNabhojI nahIM banajAtA isI prakAra jIvanameM caritrakI bahumUlyatAko samajhanevAle loga manuSyako bilo. DAlanevAlI uttejanA aura vipattike avasaroMpara bhI apane satyako nahIM tyAgate aura saccaritratA tathA tejasvitAko tilAMjali nahIM debaitthte| vivaraNa-ve manthanakArI hokara pathabhraSTa banADAlanevAle avasaroMpara bhI dhIrajase apanI satyaniSThA tathA ujjvala caritrako samujjvala rakhate haiN| "sampattau ca vipattau ca mahatAmekarUpatA" baDe loga kyA acche aura kyA bure donoM dinoM meM apanA caritra ekasA udAra banAye rakhate haiN| pAThAntara--na kSudhArto'pi siMhastRNaM carati / (vizvAsapAtra rahanA prANarakSAse adhika mUlyavAn ) prANAdapi pratyayo rakSitavyaH // 165 // manuSya apane prANoMko saMkaTameM DAlakara bhI RjuoMke sAtha RjutArUpI apanI vizvAsapAtratAkI tathA rASTra ke sAtha apanI nAgarikatArUpI vizvAsapAtratAkI rakSAko apane jIvana meM mukhya sthAna dekara rakhe ! sUtrameM api zabda avazya arthameM vyavahRta huA hai| (pizunakI hAni ) pizunaH zrotA putradArairapi tyajyate / / 166 // sunI huI gupta bAtoMke AdhArapara logoM meM jhagaDe lagAnevAle vizvAsaghAtIko usake pArivArika taka tyAga dete haiM / Page #176 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ satya azraddhAluse mata kaho vivaraNa- yadi ve use na tyAgeM to usake kAraNa unapara bhI vipattiyAM bhAkhaDI hotI haiM / paizunya eka prakArakA mAnasika pApa arthAt bhochA. pana hai| ( upayogI bAta nagaNyakI bhI suno ) bAlAdapyarthajAtaM zRNuyAt // 167 / / upayogI bAteM nagaNya vyaktiyoMse bhI suna lenI cAhiye / vivaraNa- bAlAdapi subhASitam- hitakArI vANI bAlakoM takase avazya sunanI caahiye| yukta muktaM tu gRhNIyAt bAlAdapi vicakSaNaH / raveraviSayaM vastu kiM na dIpaH prakAzayat / / buddhimAn manuSya ucita bAta bAlakoMse bhI siikhe| jahAM sUrya kA prakAza nahIM pahuMcatA kyA vahAM dIpakakA prakAza lAbhakArI nahIM hotA ? nanu vaktRvizeSaniHspRhA guNagRhyA vacana vipshcitH| bhAravi guNakapakSapAtI vidvAn loga bAta ke saMbandhameM vaktAMke vyaktitva ke viSaya meM niHspRha hote haiN| ye vaktavya viSaya ke satya hone mAtra se use zraddhAke sAtha svIkAra karalete haiN| ( satya azraddhAlase mata kaho ) satyamapyazraddheyaM na vadet // 168 // vAta satya hone para bhI yadi kisI ayogya satyadrohI zrotAko azraddheya, karNakaTu lage to usase mata kaho aura satyakA apamAna mata krvaao| ' vivaraNa- satyake azraddhAluko satyase lAbha pahuMcAnekI bhrAnti karanA usase jhagaDA molalenA hai / yadi tumhArA vivakSita satya tumhAre zrotAko zraddhA na pAsake yA use anAvazyaka lage to usase mata kaho / manuSya Page #177 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 150 cANakyasUtrANi apAtrake samakSa satyakA pracAra kabhI na kre| satya supAtroM yA satyapremiyoMkI dRSTimeM hI zraddhA pAtA hai / satya supAtrakI dRSTi meM kabhI azraddheya nahIM hotaa| zraddhAluse satya kahanemeM hI satyakI upayogitA hai / azraddhAluse satya kahanA bhaisake sAmane bIna bajAnA hai| anAvazyaka satyavacana vaktAkI vicArazUnyatA honese vyartha bhASaNa hojAtA hai| mithyA anAvazyaka honA hI vyartha bAtakI vyarthatAkA svarUpa hai| aucitya anaucityase vacanakI satyAsatyatAkA nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai| adeza akAla tathA apAtra meM prayukta satya vacana bhI asatya vacana jitanA hI aniSTakArI hokara asatya bana jAtA hai| satya yA asatya, bAtoM yA zabdoM meM sImita na hokara uddezyameM sImita rahatA hai / uddezyase ho satyAsatyako jAnA jAsakatA hai| ( satyakI azraddheyatA anivArya ) . (adhika sUtra ) nAgnimicchatA dhUmastyajyate / jaise dhUma aura agnikA nityasAhacarya honese agnisaMgrahArthI logoMse dhUmase nahIM bacA jAsakatA, isI prakAra satya aura azraddheyatAkA nityasAtha honese satyakI rakSA karane ke icchuka use azraddhayatA doSasa mukta nahIM krskte| vivaraNa --. unheM satyakI azraddheyatAkA dhyAna rakhakara use bacA bacA. kara satyakI pratipAlanA karanI par3atI hai / satya ke sAtha azraddheyatA tathA amAnyatA niyamase lagI rahatI hai| sAdhAraNa loga satyako avyavahArya bhAdarza kahakara usase baca jAte haiM / satyakA yaha anAdikAlIna dUdhaNa hai ki vaha sarvasAdhAraNako apane liye hAnikAraka aura pratikUla lagatA hai / satyake isa dUSaNako haTAnekA ekamAtra yahI upAya hai jo UparavAle sUtra meM varNita hubhA hai ki anadhikArIse saccI bAta na kahI jAya / yogyadeza, yogyakAla tathA yogyapAnase bAta kahane meM hI bAta kahanekI sArthakatA hai| satya bhI ho aura zraddheya arthAt priya bhI ho yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| jaba taka satya manake apanAye kisI asatya arthAt mohAtmaka vicArapara ghAtaka Page #178 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ guNiyoMkA Adara karo coTa nahIM karatA taba taka vaha satya hI nahIM hotaa| vaha satya kyA huA jo aparAdhI manapara zalyakriyA na kare aura aparAdhI zrotAko sahasA sahya hojAya / satyakI isa karNakaTutA aura agrAhyatAko bacAnekA ekamAtra upAya yahI hai ki manuSya satyakA bakhAna jisa kisIke sAmane na karake use kevala satyapremI zraddhAlu se kahe / 151 satya ke sAtha jaise azraddheyatAkA dUSaNa lagA hai isI prakAra usake sAtha kaTutA aura tejasvitA nAmake do aise kaThora svabhAva saMyukta haiM jo satyako pAtityapremI sarvasAdhAraNakA priya nahIM banane dete / satyapremIko satyake sAtha usakI tejasvitA aura kaTutA bhI vivaza hokara apanAnI paDatI hai / satya asatyapremiyoMko avazya hI kaTu aura agrAhya lagatA hai / satya satyapremIkI bhUloM yA bhrAnta dhAraNAoMpara marmabhedI ghAtaka prahAra karane - vAlA honese sadA hI usake aprema aura asvIkRtikA bhAjana banA rahatA hai / satyapremI kucha thoDese loga hI usakI tejasvitA aura kaTutAko sahAra sakate haiM / isI kAraNa kahA jAtA hai ki 'apriyasya ca pathyasya vaktA zrotA 'ca durlabhaH / ' kaTu satyake zrotA aura vaktA donoM hI durlabha hote haiN| aise hI loga sabhya sunane aura sunAneke yathArtha adhikArI hote haiM / satyako kaTuvA mAnanevAle loga satya ke anadhikArI haiM / ( guNiyoM kA Adara karanA sIkho ) nAtpadoSAda bahuguNAstyajyante // 169 // kisIke sAdharaNa doSa dekhakara usake mahatvapUrNa guNoMko asvIkAra nahIM karanA cAhiye / vivaraNa - kisI meM kucha sAdhAraNa doSa dIkheM to usake aneka mahatva'pUrNa guNoMkI upekSA na karanI cAhiye / yadi sacce guNI manuSyakA koI vyavahAra dUSita lagatA ho yA na rucatA ho to yaha nizcaya hai ki yaha guNIke caritrako na samajhane kA doSa hai / jaba usapara zAnta kAlameM nira Page #179 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 152 cANakyasUtrANa pekSa vicAra hogA to spaSTa samajhameM bhAjAyegA ki vAstava meM usakara doSa nahIM hai| kintu vaha usa guNIkI dezakAlapAtrAnusAriNI gyavahArakuzalatA hI hai| upara kaha cuke haiM ki doSa aura guNa donoM hI yUthacArI haiN| ye yUthabhraSTa hokara nahIM rahate / jahA~ eka guNa hotA hai, vahAM sabhI guNa mA ikaTThe hote haiN| ( vidvAn bhI nindakoMke lAJchanoMse nahIM bacate ) vipazcitsvapi sulabhA doSAH // 170 / / sthUla hAMpTasa jJAnAMka vyavahAroMmeM bhI dASa nikAlanA sahaja haiN| vivaraNa- gaNadoSakA vicAra mApAta dRSTise karane kI vastu nahIM hai| kAryAkAryaviveka ke dvArA gaharAI meM jAkara vicAra karanese hI sacce guNa doSoMkA parijJAna ho sakatA hai| sUtra yaha kahanA cAhatA hai ki jJAnako doSI siddha karake svayaM doSI aura avicArazIla banane kI bhUla na karanI cAhiye / isa vAkyakA uddezya kisIke doSoMkA samarthana karanA nahIM hai| kintu doSAropaNa dvArA doSasamarthana karanekI pravRttiko nindita karanA hai| madhavA-vismRti, vyagratA, tAtkAlika zIghratA, anabhijJatA, tathA zArIrika asamarthatA Adi kAraNoMse jJAnI ke vyavahArameM bhI mApAtataH doSa dikhAI desakate haiN| isa prakAra ke doSa, doSoM (marthAt akSamya aparAdhoM / kI zreNI meM nahIM Ate / doSa to vahI hai jo manuSyakI doSI bhAva nAse hotA hai| vidvAnoMkI nirdoSatA to unake manameM rahatI hai| vidvAn vahI hai jo mAnasa yA mAvanAzrita doSa kabhI nahIM karatA / zarIra, indriya tathA manakI vikRti doSa kahAtI hai / ina tInoMmeM ayathArthatA, anabhijJatA tathA anRtakA samAveza hosakatA hai / roga asAmarthya Adi zArIrika doSa haiN| sanase bhI kucha bhUla ho sakatI hai / andhatA, badhiratA Adi indriyadoSahaiM / ye bhI bhUlakA kAraNa bana sakate haiM / dUratA Adi viSayadoSa haiM / inake kAraNa bhI bhUleM hotI haiM / anabhijJatA, anavadhAnatA, krodha, asUyA, ISyA, lobha, moha mAdi mAnasa doSa haiN| mAnasa doSa do prakArake hote haiN| kucha to Page #180 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vidvAnakI nindA nindakakA aparAdha anabhijJatA, vyagratA, anavadhAnatA mAdise janya hote haiM, kucha IrSyA, lobha, moha mAdise buddhi pUrvaka Acarita hote haiM / akSamya aparAdha karAnevAle ye hI doSa hote haiM / vidvAnoM meM ina buddhipUrvaka Acarita akSamya aparAdhoM ke karAne. vAle doSoMkA honA masaMbhava hai| isa dRSTise jahAM kahIM ye akSamya aparAdha karAnevAle doSa dRSTigocara hoM vahIM doSayukta logoMko avidvAna tathA samAjake zatru samajhanA cAhiye / isa prasaMgameM bhUla viSayaka vizvavyApI kiMvadantIpara vicAra karanA aprA. saMgika na hogA- " bhUla manuSyase ho hI jAtI hai " yaha eka avicArita bhAvanA saMsArabharameM pracAra pAye hue hai| bhUla do prakAra kI hotI haiM eka daihika dUsarI mAnasika / jahAMta daihika yA endriyika bhUloMkA saMbaMdha hai vahAM taka to yaha bAta svIkAra kI jAsakatI hai| parantu jahAM isa vAkyaka mAnavakI mAnasa bhUloMse saMbandha hai, vahAM yaha vAkya atyanta bhrAmaka nayA asatyakA pracAraka hai / vaha manuthya manuSya hI nahIM jo apanI bhAvanAka vikRta ( burI) holene detA hai / bhAvanA kabhI bhI abuddhipUrvaka ( bhUla se , burI nahIM hotii| ina saba dRSTiyose aise vAkyoMkA bahiSkAra honA cAhiye ese vAkyAMse manuSya apanI bhUloMkA samarthana karate pAya jAte haiM ! me nibala vAkya bhUloMke samarthana meM hI kAma pAte haiM / mAnavake caritranimA.. meM ina vAkyoMkA baDA hI dUSita sthAna hai / (vidvAnkI nindA nindakakA aparAdha ) nAsti ratnamakhaNDitam // 171 // jaise pratyeka ratnameM malinatA, vakratA, viSamatA Adi koI na koI truTi nikAlI jA sakatI hai, jaise sarvajAtyutkRSTa maNi bhI sarvathA nirdoSa nahIM hotI isI prakAra vidvAnoMkI bhI zArIrika aindriyika bhUleM pakar3I jAsakatI hai| vivaraNa-- jaise ratnakA doSa nikAlakara arthAt use usa dopase alisa karake hI usakI akRtrimatA pratiSThita hotI hai, jase pahale ratnameM kRtrimatAkA bhAropa karake, pIchese usakA apavAda karake use akRtrima siddha Page #181 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 154 cANakyasUtrANi kiyA jAtA hai, isI prakAra sacce vidvAnoMpara kiyA doSAropaNa mantameM unheM nirdoSa ghoSita karanevAlA banajAtA hai| jaise koI bhI rasna akhaNDita nahIM raha pAtA, jaise use koI na koI khaNDita karanevAlA mila hI jAtA hai isI prakAra dhArmika zreSTha vidvAnoMko bhI koI na koI nindaka mila hI jAtA hai / jaise khaNDita honA ratnAparAdha nahIM hai isI prakAra dhArmika vidvAnkA adhArmika bhavidvAnoMse nindA pAjAnA vidvAnkA aparAdha nahIM hai kintu nindakakA hI dharmadveSa yA ajJAna hai / (vizvAsaka sadA ayogya ) maryAdAtItaM na kadAcidapi vizvaset / / 172 // sAmAjika niyamoM ke ullaMghaka, vivekakA zAsana na mAnanevAle nirmaryAdakA kabhI vizvAsa na kro| pAThAntara--- maryAdAbhedakaM ......... / ( avizvAsIko vizvAsapAtra banAnA akartavya ) aniye kRtaM priyamapi dvepyaM bhavati // 173 // zatruke mIThe dIkhanevAle bartAva ( upakAra dIkhanevAlI kriyA) kA payomukha vipakumbhake samAna dvaSa hI mAnanA caahiye| vivaraNa- AjakA zatru sadAke liye zatru hai / isaliye zatruke moThe bartAvake dhokhemeM nahIM AjAnA caahiye| zatrakA AliMgana bhI peTameM churA bhoMkanevAlA hotA hai| isa bAtakA dhyAna rakhakara zatrupakSakI orase mAne vAle mitratAke prastAvako bhI pratihiMsAko caritArtha karanekA astramAtra samajhakara usakA aisA ucita uttara denA cAhiye jisase zatruko durabhisandhi vyartha hojAya / pAThAntara- apriyeNa kRtaM ............ / zatrukA kiyA miSTa bartAva bhI dveSa hI mAnA jAtA hai| Page #182 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ satpuruSoMke viruddha calanA akartavya ( kapaTapUrNa namratAkA vizvAsa mata karo) namantyapi tulAkoTiH kUpodakakSayaM karoti // 174 / / jaise sira jhukAkara namratApUrvaka kUpameM ghusanevAlI DhIkalI usakA pAnI ritA detI hai, isIprakAra svArthI logoMko dikhAvaTI ziSTAcArayukta bhASaNa karatA dekhakara unheM lUTaneke hI liye AnevAle pracchanna luTere mAnakara unake mAyAjAlase bacanA caahiye| vivaraNa- jaise corakA oDhA rAmanAmI dupaTTA bhI corI hIkA sAdhana hotA hai, isIprakAra duSToMkI namratA aura unake guNa duSTatAke hI sAdhana yA aMga hote haiM / zatruoM yA duSToM kI namratA vizvAsa karane yogya nahIM hotii| punase sadA hI sAvadhAna rahanA cAhiye / pAThAntara--- namatyapi tulAkoTiH kRpasyodakakSayaM karoti ! ( sara puruSoM ke nirNayaka viruddha calanA akartavya ) satAM mataM nAtikAmet // 175 // anubhavI satpuruSoMka middhAntoka viruddha AcaraNa na kare / vivaraNa ---- manuSya kA apanA vika ho usakI kartavyAkatavyakI samasyA kA antima samAdhAna karanevAlI vastu hai / manuSya bar3e se bar3e anubhavI vidvAnoM kI bAtako kevala usa avasthAmeM mAnatA hai jaba vaha bAta usake vivekako svIkRta hojAtI hai / yadi usakA viveka use svIkAra na kare to vaha kisIkI bhI bAta mAnaneko prastuta nahIM hotA / sabakA anubhava sAkSI hai ki bAta apane mana yA vivekake anukUla honepara hI mantavya koTimeM AtI hai| manuSya dUsare vyaktikA anusaraNa karatA dIkhanepara bhI vAstavameM apanA hI anusaraNa karatA hai / viveka hI mAnava hRdayameM sacce mArgadarzaka sarapuruSakA rUpa lekara raha rahA hai / vivekI honA hI isa bAtakA kAraNa hai ki saMsArabharake satpuruSoM ke kartavyanirNaya eka dUsare ke avirodhI tathA abhinna hote haiN| Page #183 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 156 cANakyasUtrANi kartavyAkartanyakI samasyA saba kisIke pAsa nahIM hotii| vaha kevala vivekiyoM ke sammukha upasthita hotI hai / avivekiyoMke sammukha kartavyAkartavya nAmakA koI prazna hI upasthita nahIM hotaa| avivekIke manameM to kevala yaha prazna upasthita hotA rahatA hai ki svArthamUlaka parasvApaharaNa nAmakA AcaraNa kisa rItise saphala ho sakatA hai ? yaha isa dRSTi se kabhI bhI nahIM vicAratA ki mujhe parasvApa haraNa karanA cAhiye yA nahIM ? mpaSTa bAta yaha hai ki usake mana meM vivekasApekSa prazna kabhI upasthita hI nahIM hotA / jaba koI vivekI kisI dUsare vivekIse kisI kartavyanirNayameM sammati lene jAtA hai taba vaha kisI AcaraNake vivekAnumodita honekA samAdhAna pahale svayaM karake pIchese kisI dUsare vivekIke samarthanakI AvazyakatA anubhava karatA hai / ese avasarapara use jo apane jaise suvicAra rakhanevAle anubhavI satpuruSoMkA samarthana prApta hojAtA hai yaha samarthana usake hRdaya kI hI pratidhvani hotA hai aura isIliye anivAryarUpase grAhya bhI hojAtA hai| yaha sUtra avivekiyoM ko satparuSoM ke mantavyakA anusaraNa karane kI preraNA dene ke liye nahIM hai, kintu anubhava na rakhanevAle parantu sadbuddhi-saMpaka logoMko anubhavI vidvAnoMkI sammati ke anusAra AcaraNa karanekI preraNA dete hue yaha kahanA cAhatA hai, ki vivekI loga apanI jaisI suruci rakhanevAle. vivekiyoMse hI sammati leN| ve avivekiyoMse sammati lenekI bhrAnti na kareM: anubhavI satparuSoMke kathanakI avahelanAmeM kalyANa nahIM hai| pramAda yA mavivekake kAraNa vidyA tathA prajJAke pAradarzI saMsArakI vastusthiti pahacAna cukanevAle sAkSAt kRtadharmA logoMkI sammatikI avahelanA karanA vinAza tathA duHkha bulAnA hai / manuSyako satpuruSoMke vyAvahArika anubhavase lAbha uThAnA cAhiye aura pAgrahake sAtha unakA anusaraNa karanA cAhiye / ( anubhavIke satsaMgase lAbha ) guNavadAzrayAnnirguNo'pi guNI bhavati / / 176 // nirguNa dIkhanevAlA bhI guNavAnke saMsargameM rahatA rahatA guNI hojAtA hai| Page #184 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ anubhavIke satsaMgase lAbha 107 vivaraNa - vivekI ke anubhavahIna honepara bhI yadi vaha anubhavI logoMke saMsargameM rahe, to anubhavI banajAtA hai / vidvattA, zUratA, mahattA, cintAzIlatA Adi mAnavocita guNa haiM / ina guNoMse saMpanna guNake saMparka meM rahanevAlA guNapremI vyakti usake vAtAvaraNakA aMga banakara rahatA rahatA, use apane Apako sudhAraneke liye sauMpakara use apanI bhUloMpara rokane-TokanekA abAdha adhikAra dekara usI jaisA guNI, catura, vyavahArakuzala tathA vicAraka banajAtA hai / , rAjanIti meM sandhivigraha, yAna, Asana, saMzraya tathA dvaidhIbhAva guNa kahate hai / ina guNoMse paricita rAjanItijJoM ke sAtha rahanese rAjanIti se aparicita nirguNa vyakti bhI inakA ucita prayoga karanA jAnajAtA hai / guNasaMgrahArthI vyakti guNIke saMparka meM AjAnepara nirguNa nahIM rahasakatA / pAThAntara-- guNavantamAzritya 1 guNavAnkA Azraya karake nirguNa bhI guNI hojAtA hai / kSIrAzritaM jalaM kSIrameva bhavati / / 177 // jaise dugdhAzrita jala bhI dugdha hI hojAtA hai isIprakAra guNIke hAthoMmeM AtmasamarpaNakA sambandha joDanevAlA guNapremI vyakti svayaM usa jaisA guNI ghanajAtA hai / vivaraNa- guNapremI hI svabhAvase guNIke saMgakA adhikArI tathA anveSI hotA hai / guNI vyaktike nityasaMsarga meM rahate rahane se manameM usake guNakA bAra-bAra Aropa hone lagatA hai isaliye vaha kAla pAkara usIke samAna guNI tathA pradhAnapuruSa banajAtA hai / pAThAntara kSIrAzritamudakaM 1 + saMdhi ( samajhautA ) vigraha ( laDAI ) yAna ( zatrupara AkramaNa karane kI kuzalatA ) Asana ( AkramaNa ke viruddha AtmarakSAkI caturAI ) saMzraya ( avalambana ) dvaidhIbhAva ( bhAvagopana ) zatruko bhedako nItile sahAyakahIna banAkara nirbala karanA / Page #185 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 158 cANakyasUtrANi mRtpiNDo'pi pATaligandhamutpAdayati // 178 / / jaise gandha-grahaNameM samartha nirgandha bhI mRtpiDa sugandha puSpake saMparkameM Akara usakA sugandha grahaNa karaletA hai, isIprakAra svabhAvase guNa-grahaNameM samartha nirguNa aza bhI mAnava-hRdaya sadguNa-saMpanna vidvAn vyAktike saMparkameM Akara usake sadguNoMko grahaNa karaletA aura jJAna-saMpanna banajAtA hai| athavA- jaise nirgandha miTTI bhI avasara milanepara apane bhItarase sugandha puSpa utpanna karadetI hai, isIprakAra guNa dikhAnekA avasara milanepara guNI logoMke guNa chipe nahIM rahate / miTTI sugaMdhita kusumoko aMkurita karanekA avasara Anepara apanI sugandhotpAdaka zakti prakaTa karatI hai| guNiyoMke guNa sacce guNagrAhiyoM ke saMparkameM Ane para hI prakaTa hote haiN| rajataM kanakasaMgAt kanakaM bhavati // 179 // jaise cAMdI, soneke sAtha mizrita hojAnese ( vaha mizrita vasta) sonA hI banajAtI hai| cAMdI nahIM rhtii| vivaraNa-jaise soneke sAtha milate hI usake cAMdIpanakA anta ho jAtA hai, isIprakAra mahatvayukta manuSyase saMbaddha honepara anubhavahIna guNagrAhI vyakti guNAnubhava-saMpanna hojAtA hai| pAThAntara- rajatamapi kanakasaMparkAt kanakameva bhavati / ( duSToM kA nIca svabhAva ) upakartaryapakartumicchatyabudhaH // 180 // mandamati krUra ajJAnI apane buddhidoSa ( arthAt hitAhita. vivekahInatA ) se hitakartAko bhI hAni pahu~cAkara apanA nIca svArtha siddha karanese vimukha nahIM hotaa| vivaraNa- apakArasvabhAvavAlA manuSya upakArakA badalA apakArase hI diyA karatA hai| manuSyase apanA svabhAva nahIM chUTatA / isaliye ajJA. niyoMkA hita karane kI bhrAnti karanevAle loga unake isa upakArake badale meM Page #186 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pApiyoMkI nirlajjatA 159: akRtajJatA arthAt zatrutA karaneke dUSita svabhAvase pUrNa paricita rahakara, sAvadhAna raheM / ve isa bhramameM Akara pramAda na kareM ki " hama to inakA upakAra kara rahe haiM isaliye inakI morase mAnaSTakI koI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai, pratyuta iTakI saMbhAvanA hai| hama unheM upakAroM ke badale meM apanAkara apanA bnaalg|" (buddhimAnakA kRtajJa svabhAva ) ( adhika sUtra ) tadviparIto budhaH // jJAnI loga upakartAke bhI apakAraka azAniyoMse viparIta AcaraNa karanevAle hote haiN| unheM upakartAkA pratyupakAra kiye binA zAnti nahIM pdd'tii| vivaraNa- isI prasaMgameM laMkAvijayameM mahatvapUrNa upakAraka zrI hanumA. najIke prati maryAdApuruSottama zrIrAmacandrakA kRtajJatApUrNa vaktavya suvarNA. kSaroM meM aMkita karane yogya hai mayayeva jANatAM yAtu yattvayopakRtaM hre| naraH pratyupakArArthI vipattimabhikAMkSati // hai hanumAna, laMkAvijaya aura sItAke pratyAvartanameM Apane jo merA upakAra kiyA hai ApakA vaha upakAra mere sira khaDA rahe / maiM cAhatA hU~ mujha sasa upakArakA badalA kabhI bhI na denA paDe / badala denA cAhanevAle loga mitrako vipagrasta dekhanA cAhate haiN| mitrako badalA vipatti meM hI diyA jA sakatA hai| ( pApiyoMkI nirlajjatA ) na pApakarmaNAmAkozabhayam // 181 / / pApiyoMko nindAkA bhaya nahIM huA karatA / . vivaraNa-- pApI loga kucha sImA taka apane ko lokanindAse bacAte haiM, kintu jaba lokanindAkI upekSA karake prasiddha pApI banajAne meM adhika lAbha dekhate haiM, taba lokanindAkA bhaya tyAgakara prasiddha pApI banane meM saMkoca nahIM krte| unakI pravRtti hIna hojAtI hai| pApIko nindAkA bhaya taba hI hotA hai, jaba use usa nindAse daNDita bhI honA paDa jAtA hai| Page #187 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 560 cANakyasUtrANi pApI loga daNDa- bhaya na rahanepara nindAkI orase pUre nirbhaya hojAte aura usakI upekSA karate haiM / 1 adhArmika rAjyoM meM baDe pApI to daNDadAtA banajAte haiM aura choTe pApI tathA kuzAsana-virodhI dharmAtmA loga daNDabhoktA banajAte haiN| jahAM saMyogavaza pApI hI daNDadAtA banajAte haiM vahAM ve apane pApako daNDase bacA-bacA kara pApa karate rahane kA avasara pAlete haiM / isaprakAra ke rAjyAdhikArI rASTrIya pApI yA rASTrakaMTaka kahe jAte haiM / ina kaMTakoM kA saMzodhana kiye binA rAjya kI janatAko zAnti nahIM mila sakatI / ye loga rAjyAdhikArakI zakti se zaktimAna hokara asaMgaThita janamatako dabAkara apane prabhAvase rAjakIya pApi yoMkA eka kRtrima janamata (guTa) prastuta kara lete haiN| daNDAdhikArI pApiyoM kI cATukAritA karake hI jIvikAjana karanevAle pApI loga janamatake ThekedAra banakara ina logoMkI pApI ghaTanAoMko prakAzameM na Ane denevAlI DhAla bana jAte haiM / ye loga inakI DhAla banakara inakI stutiyoM, jayantiyoM aura nAroMke ADaMbaroMse ina logoMko lokanindAse bacAye rakhate haiM / pApI rAjyAdhikAriyoMkI yaha pApalILA ( pApacaritra ) dUSita rAjyasaMsthAoM meM Upara se nIce taka mahAmArIkI bhA~ti vyApta rahatI hai / - ikke-dukke, cora-DAkU to logoM kI dRSTise chipAkara hI apanA pApa karate haiM | parantu pApI rAjyAdhikArI loga apane hAthase prajAkA rakta zoSaNa bhI karate haiM aura laMbe-cauDe vetana-bhatte AdiyoMse apanI thailiyA~ bhI bharate rahate haiM / ina logoMko rASTrIya pApa karanese rokanA janamatakA hI uttaradAyitva hai| jaba inheM rokane Tokane tathA saMyata rakhanevAlA janamata nahIM rahatA, taba ina logoMkA duHsAhasa baDha jAtA aura deza meM karoMkI bharamAra hotI calI jAtI hai / nAnA prakArakI lokahitakArI laMbI-caur3I dikhAvaTI yojanAyeM banA-banAkara apanA DhiMDhorA pITakara gupta prakAroMse apanI jeba bharate rahanA hI ina logoMkA uddezya hojAtA hai / jahA~ lokamata supupta hotA hai vahA~ke rAjyAdhikArakA nindAse na DaranevAle pApiyoM ke hAthoMmeM calA jAnA avazyambhAvI hojAtA hai / Page #188 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pApiyoMkI nirlajatA 161 lokamata rAjAse bhI adhika zaktimAna hotA hai / lokamata rAjazaktikA yA to nindaka yA prazaMsaka banakara apanI zaktikA pradarzana kiyA karatA hai| vaha isI rUpameM rAjAse bhI adhika zaktimAna hotA hai| rAjAkI ziSTatA yA duSTatAkA pUrNa paricaya rAjazakti hAthameM mAnepara hI milatA hai / zaktihIna vyakti lokamatake sAmane nindita honeke sAtha hI rAjadaNDase daNDita bhI hojAte hai| nAgarikoMmeM rAjadaNDake bhaya se pApase bacakara daNDase bace rahane kI pravRtti svabhAvase hotI hai / pApI nAgarika samAjakI zAntikA haraNa karane. vAle tathA logoMke vyaktigata zatra hote haiN| lokamatakI pratinidhi rAjazakti hI unheM isa karmase rokatI hai / parantu aise rAjyAdhikArI samAjake sArvaja. nika zatru hote haiM, jo lokamatakI upekSA karake gajazaktiko zAnti-sthApanAke kAma meM na mAne dekara, usakA samAjakI zAnti-haraNameM durupayoga karate haiM / "ekAM lajAM parityajya trilokavijayI bhavet " ko lokokti ke anusAra lokanindAkA bhaya na mAnanevAle nirlaja rAjyAdhikArI ikkedukke cora-DAkuoMse bhI adhika bhayAnaka cora-DAkU hote haiM / ina logoM ke hAthoM meM mAyA rAjyAdhikAra lUTake ThekekA rUpa leletA hai| ye loga jaba rAjagaddopara baiThakara lokamatako asAvadhAna pAte haiM, arthAt jaba yaha dekhate haiM ki hama loga rAjyAdhikArakA durupayoga karake bhI tathA lokameM nindita hokara bhI na kevala daNDAtIta rahasakate haiM, pratyuta lAbhavAna bane rahane kA avasara bhI pArahe haiM, taba ye samAjake zatru cora-DAkuoMke rUpameM niHzaMka hokara AtmaprakAza kara baiThate haiN| isa sUtrakA mukhya uddezya lokanindAkA bhaya na mAnanevAle pApI rAjyA. dhikAriyoM ko daNDa denekI zakti rakhanevAle lokamatako sAvadhAna (saceta ) rakhane ke liye samAjako sAvadhAna karanA hai| rAjazakti pApakA damana taba hI kara sakatI hai jaba vaha lokamatakA bhaya mAnatI ho arthAt jaba vaha svayaM pApa na karanevAlI ho| jo rAjazakti svayaM pApI hotI hai vaha pApa. damana nahIM kara sakatI / usakA pApoMko protsAhana denevAlI honA ani. vArya hojAtA hai| Page #189 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi jisa samAjameM pApiyoMko khulakara khelanekA avasara mila jAtA hai aura gaha-ghAToMmeM svacchAcArakI chUTa milajAtI hai, jisa samAjake praharI (pulisa) tathA nyAyAlaya pApiyoMke saMbaMdhameM 4dAsInatA yA upekSA dhAraNa karalete haiM, vahA~ke rAjya ke mukhiyA logoMko bhI pApI na mAna lenekA koI kAraNa nahIM rhtaa| jaba taka kisI dezakA lokamata pApI rAjyAdhikAriyoM ke viruddha sutIkSNa daNDa-prayoga karanevAlA nahIM banatA, taba taka samAjakI zAntikA apaharaNa karanevAle ikale-dukale pApiyoMko bhI pApoMse rokakara nahIM rakkhA jA sakatA / isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki jisa dezake rAjyAdhikArI pApI hote haiM vahAM pApiyoMkA hI rAjya hotA hai| rAjyAdhikAriyoMkA pApI honA aura unheM pApI rahane denA kisI dezakI aisI dainyamayI avasthA hai ki samAjake loga akele-akele baiThakara dezakI durdazApara vandhya carcAmAtra karake apanA nikammApana siddha kiyA karate haiN| aise deza meM saMgaThanazaktiko jagAnA hI isa sUtrakA prAsaMgika abhiprAya svIkRta hosakatA hai| ikale. dukale pApiyoko daNDita karane se bhI Avazyaka to una pApI rAjyAdhikAriyoMko daNDita karanA hai jinakA pApa sahasraguNa hokara prajAko abhibhUta kara letA hai| vyaktigata pApa karanevAle ikke-dukke pApI loga pApI rAjyA. dhikAriyoMse hI protsAhana pAte haiN| pApI rAjyAdhikAriyoMse protsAhana pAnevAloMko pApase rokanA, taba taka saMbhava nahIM hotA, jaba taba ki pahale pApI rAjyAdhikAriyoMko pUrNatayA daNDita na kara diyA jAya : pAThAntara- na pApakarmaNAM saMkrozabhayam / ( utsAha ke lAbha ) utsAhavatAM zatrayo'pi vazIbhavanti // 182 // durdAnta zatru bhI utsAhavAloMke vaza AjAte haiN| .. vivaraNa-- utsAha bhautika zakti nahIM hai| manobala hI utsAha hai| manobala bhautika zaktipara nirbhara na rahakara satyaniSThAmeM hI rahatA hai| satyakI zakti se zaktimAna vyakti majeya hotA hai| vaha Page #190 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ utsAha ke lAbha sAMsArika bhautika zaktikI upekSA karatA aura zaktimAna vijayI banA rahatA hai / usake sammukha samagra saMsArakI bhautika zaktiko hAra mAnanI paDa jAtI hai| isake viparIta asatyaniSTha vyaktikA durbalahRdaya honA anivArya hai / masatyaniSTha vyakti baDIse baDI bhautika zakti pAkara bhI apanese adhika bhautika zakti ke sAmane sira jhukAneke liye vivaza hotA hai / dRDhatA satyaniSTha meM hI honI saMbhava hai / 163 Atmazakti meM vizvAsI vahI ho sakatA hai jo akelA hI samagra vizvake virodhakI upekSA karake vijayI bane rahane meM samartha hotA hai / satyaniSThA se alaga Atma- pauruSa nAmakI koI vastu nahIM hai| jisake pAsa satyaniSThA hai vaha apane abhilaSita uccatama siMhAsanapara ArUDha hai 1 usake utsAhakA saccA rUpa yahI hai ki bhautika jagat meM usake Asanako DulAnekI zakti nahIM hai / satyaniSThA, saccaritra, indriyasaMyama, kAryAkArya-viveka, vyavahArakuzalatA hI rAjasiMhAsanakI ekamAtra yogyatA aura adhiSThAtrI devI hai / kyoMki samAjakA pratyeka nAgarika rAjyazaktiko saMgaThita rUpa denevAlA hai, isaliye pahale to pratyeka nAgarikakA svayaM hI usa satyaniSThArUpI zakti se zaktimAna honA atyAvazyaka hai| isaliye jo bhI koI vyakti rAjA yA rAjyAdhikArIkA nirvAcana kareM vaha rAjyAdhikArakI saMpUrNa yogyatAko pahale to apane meM mUrtimAna karake rkheN| isaliye rakhe ki guNI hI guNIko pahacAnakara usakA nirvAcana kara sakatA hai| isaliye samAjameM rAjyAdhikAriyoMkA nirvAcana karanevAlI zaktikA jAgrata rahanA atyAvazyaka haiM 1 zatru loga parAbhava ke bhaya se utpAdake vazameM Ane meM hI apanA kalyANa samajhane lagate haiM / dRDhacitta loga zatruoM ke vazameM na Akara unheM hI apane vaza karake chor3ate haiN| apanI zakti meM mahattA honepara hI dUsaroMpara vazIkaraNa prApta hotA hai / isaliye jo saMsArapara vazIkAra pAnA cAheM ve apane hRdaya meM utsAha, adhyavasAya tathA kAryasAdhanakI jananI satyaniSThAko supratiThita kareM | satyaniSThA meM hI jana-kalyANa hai, janatA jana-kalyANase dI Page #191 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 164 cANakyasUtrANi sudRDha rUpa se saMgaThita ho sakatI hai| janatA sudRDha rUpase saMgaThita hokara hI hI rAjAko balavAna banAne meM samartha hosakatI haiM / jo rASTra unnati karanA cAhe use cAhiye ki vaha apane vyaktiyoMmeM utsAha bhara denekI yojanA banAye | prabhavaH khalu kozadaNDayoH kRtapaMcAMgavinirNayo nayaH / sa vidheyapadeSu dakSatAM niyati loka ivAnurudhyate // abhimAnavato manasvinaH priyamucaiH padamArurukSataH / vinipAtanivartanakSamaM matamAlambanamAtmapauruSam // ( vikrama hI rAjadhana ) vikramadhanA rAjAnaH // 183 // jJAnadIpta tejasvitA hI rAjAkA dhana hai / vivaraNa -- jJAnadIpta tejasvitA hI rAjAke prajAraMjanakA avyartha sAdhanarUpI akSaya dhana hai / rASTra-prabaMdha saMbaMdhI vicAroMkI prakharatArUpI pradIpta jJAnasUrya hI rAjAkA saccA teja yA vikrama hai| jJAnI rAjA hI sacce aizva se sampanna rAjA hai / ajJAnI rAjA prajAkI ghRNAkA pAtra hojAneke kAraNa rAjasiMhAsanArUDha dIkhanepara bhI rAjyabhraSTa hai / jaise paisA sAdhAraNa manuSyakA bhautika sAdhana samajhA jAtA hai, isI prakAra satyarUpI vikrama hI vijigISu rAjAkA dhana hai| saccA vijigISu rAjA prajAke cittapara apane satyakA prabhAva DAlakara usake hRdayakA samrAT banajAtA hai 1 sacce vijigISukA satyadhanase dhanavAna honA anivArya haiM / satyaddIna rAjA prajAkI ghRNAkA pAtra tathA usake premase vaMcita hokara aMta meM rAjyase bhI cyuta hojAtA hai / ( Alasya se vinAza ) nAstyalasasyaihikAmuSmikam // 184 // kAryameM anutsAhI akarmaNya mandamati AlasIko vartamAna tathA bhaviSyatkAlIna saphalatA nahIM milatI / Page #192 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Alasyase vinAza 165 vivaraNa- vartamAnakI saphalatA hI atItako bhI saphala kara DAlatI aura bhaviSyatkI saphalatAko bhI surakSita kara detI hai| jisakA vartamAna surakSita hotA hai usake bhUta bhAvI donoMkA saphalatAse maMDita honA aura rahanA nizcita hai| tInoM kAloM meM eka-sA samujjvala rahanevAlA satya hI vikramI rAjAkI rAjyadhI haiN| nivasanti parAkramAzrayA na viSAdana samaM smRddhyH| parAkramake Azrayase rahanevAlI samRddhiye bhIrutA yA viSAdake sAtha nahIM rhtiiN| nirutsAhAdevaM patati // 185 // utsAha ke binA nizcita saphalatAyeM bhI hAthase bAhara khaDI rahajAtI haiN| vivaraNa- isa saMsArakI sthiti ho aisA hai ki satyaniSThako asatya. virodhake saMgrAma-kSetra meM yoddhAke rUpameM zastrabaddha hokara avirata niyukta rahanA paDatA hai / satyaniSTha vyakti isa saMgrAmako vipat na samajhakara usakA utsA. ke sAtha saubhAgyavuddhise svAgata karatA hai / isake viparIta satyahIna vyaktiko asatyase saMgrAma ho vipatti dokhatA hai / isaliye asatyavirodhako vipad mAnanevAlA vyakti apaneko asatyakI dAsatAmeM hI nirApada mAnA karatA hai / utsAhahInatA asatyako hI dAsatA hai / satyaniSTha utsAhIke hRdaya meM vipabhoti nAmakI koI sthiti nahIM hotii| satya hI utsAhakA asamApya utsa hai / satyake binA karmameM dRDhatA yA mAtmavizvAsa honA saMbhava nahIM hai / satyameM mArUDha rahanekA santoSa hI puru. pArtha yA karmotsAhakA janaka hotA hai| utsAhahIna mahaDha vyakti puruSArtha nahIM kara sakatA / puruSArthake binA sahajasAdhya kA~meM bhI adRDhatA mAjAtI hai aura saphalatAko masAdhya banA DAlatI hai| vipado'bhibhavantyavikrama rahayatyApadupetamAyatiH / niyatA laghutA nirAyateragarIyAnna padaM nRpazriyaH // Page #193 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi vipatti vikramahInako dabA letI haiN| vipadgrastakA bhAvI vinaSTa hojAtA hai / nirbhaviSyakA halkA ( bhochA ) hojAnA sunizcita hai | halkA mAnava rAjyazrIke yogya nahIM rahatA | pAThAntara -- nirutsAho daivaM parizapati // 166 utsAhaddIna vyakti samasta asaphalatAoMkI jananI apanI utsAhaddInatAko doSa na dekara deva yA bhAgyako kosA karatA hai / apuruSArtha yA anutsAha hI usakA doSa hai 1 ( puruSArthIkA kartavya ) matsyArthIva (matsyArthivaj) jalamupayujyArthaM gRhaNIyAta // 186 // jaise matsyArthI jalameM ghasane ke saMkaTa meM paDakara hI apanA machalIrUpI svArtha pAtA hai isI prakAra puruSArthI mAnava uThe. saMkaTa meM kude, saphalatArUpI apane daivako vighna bacAbacAkara surakSita karatA cale aura apanA kAma vanAle / ! vivaraNa- jo loga saphalatArUpI devako pAnA cAheM, ve vighnako haTA - haTAkara apanA kAma bnaayeN| vighnavAraNake binA devaprApti asaMbhava hai| matsyacajjalamupayujyArtha ( vizvAsake apAtra ) pAThAntara ....... avizvasteSu vizvAso na kartavyaH // 187 // aparIkSita yA apAtra logokA vizvAsa kabhI na karo ! vivaraNa- karoge to nizcita rUpase hAni uThAbhoga | kupAtrase sadA bhaya rahatA hai ki na jAne kaba kyA kara baiThe : nItijJoMne kahA hai kusauhRde na vizvAso kudeze na prajIvyate / kurAjAna bhayaM nityaM, kupAtre sarvadA bhayam // Page #194 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kAryasiddhimeM hAni 167 manuSya duSTa mitrakA vizvAsa tathA kudeza meM jIvanako surakSAkI AzA na kare / kurAjA aura kupAtrase sadA hI bhaya banA rahatA hai| asAdhuyogA hi jayAntarAyA, pramAthinInAM vipadA padAni / ___ asatsaMga vijayI jIvanakA vighna tathA vinAzaka vipattiyoMkA kAraNa hotA hai| pAThAntara- avinabdheSu vizvAso na krtvyH| viSaM viSameva sarvakAlam // 188 // jaise viSa sadA viSa hI rahatA hai, kabhI amRta nahIM hotA jaisa viSa kabhI apanA svabhAva nahIM badalatA isI prakAra avi. vAsIsvabhAvavAlA manuSya kabhI vizvAsa yogya nahIM banA krtaa| ( kAryasiddhi meM bairIkA mahayoga hAnikAraka) arthasamAdAne vairiNA saMga eva na kartavyaH // 189 // kArya-saMpAdanameM zatruoM se kisI prakArakA saMparka na karanA cAhiya / pAThAntara ---- arthasAmAnya cariNAM saMsagoM na kartavyaH / sAmAnya prayojana vAle kAmeM variyoM kA saMparka bacAnA cAhiye / { adhika sUtra ) AryAthameva nIcasya saMsargaH / / Arya arthAt prabhuka kAryake liye hI nIcoMke sAtha saMbaMdha kiyA jAsakatA hai| vivaraNa- rAjyasaMsthA rAjA hI prabhukA sthAna lithe hue hai / parantu sajAkA bhI to eka prabhu hai / samana rASTra rAjAkA prabhu hai / rASTa-kalyANa liye rAjA tathA rAjya anya sevakoMkA kabhI na kabhI nIcare sAtha saMbaMdha honA anivArya hotA hai / usa vikaTa saMbaMdha ke samaya bhI prajA-hitako mukhyatA dekara use susaMpanna banAye rakhanA hI sacce sevakakA dhyeya hotA hai| usa samaya usakA kartavya hotA hai ki usake kisI kAmase nIcako nIcatAko bhUla kara bhI protsAhana na mila jAya tathA rAjakArya meM vighna utpanna na hone Page #195 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 168 cANakyasUtrANi pAye / sAdhAraNa niyama yahI hai ki nIcoMke sAtha kisI bhI kAma meM saMbaMdha rakhanA ucita nahIM hai / " hIyate hi matistAta hInaiH saha samAgamAt / " hIna logoM ke sAtha saMbaMdha rakhate rahanese buddhi unhIM jaisI hIna hojAtI hai| (vairI vizvAsakA apAtra) arthasiddhau vairiNaM na vizvaset / / 190 // uddezya-pUrtime vairIkA vizvAsa mata kro| vivaraNa- zatrupara vijaya karanA hI vijigIpukA uddezya hotA hai / yahI uddezya vijigISakI sthitiko sArvadika saMgrAmakI sthiti banA detA hai| samakA kartavya ho jAtA hai ki zatrake dhoke meM na Ane ke liye sarvadA sAvadhAna rhe| use yaha avicalita rUpameM samajha rakhanA cAhiye ki zatra kabhI bhI mitra nahIM hosktaa| yadi kabhI zatrakI porase mitratAkA prastAva mAye to use socanA cAhiye ki jo vyaki eka dina zatrutAcaraNa karanemeM hI apanA svArtha samajha rahA thA, vaha Aja tumhArA mitra kyoM banane jA rahA hai ? use isa prastAvake Ate hI turaMta samajha jAnA cAhiye ki vaha mAja merA mitra banane meM apanA nizcita svArtha dekha rahA hai| vaha apane svArthake dabAva se hI to pahale zatra thA aura Aja usIke dabAvase mitratAkA prastAva kara rahA hai / Aja apane svArthake dabAvase mitra banane vAlA vAstava meM Aja bhI zatra hI hai| saccA mitra to vahI hotA hai jo svArthakI malinatAse atIta rahakara hRdayake satyaniSThArUpI amRtamaya bandhanameM mAbaddha hokara sudRDha mitratAke bandhanako apanAletA hai| sacce hI saccoMke, jJAnI hI jJAnIke mitra ho sakate haiN| mithyAcArI ajJAnI. jJAnIse kabhI prema nahIM kara sktaa| satya, asatya yA jJAnAjJAnameM paraspara vadhya-ghAtaka saMbaMdha hai| ina saba tathyoM ko kabhI na bhUlakara zatrakI dikhAvaTI mitratAko zatratAkA hI bhAvaraNamA mAnakara usapara avizvAsa rakhakara usake SaDyaMtrako vyartha karanA hI vijigI. SukA vijaya-kauzala hai| zatrukA vizvAsa na karanekA abhiprAya usase yaha kaha denA nahIM hai ki maiM tumhArA vizvAsa nahIM karatA kintu yahI mabhiprAya hai ki use dhoke meM rakhate Page #196 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sambandhakA AdhAra 169 raho / use mata jAnane do ki tumane usakI gupta zatrutAko pahacAna liyaa| tuma use aMdheremeM rakhate rahakara usapara ucita samayapara bhAkramaNa kro| tuma zatruko parAsta karane ( arthAt usake asatyako padadalita karane ) ke liye jisa kisI upAyakA avalaMbana karoge, usakI dRSTi meM vaha kapaTa, chala mAyA Adi honepara bhI, tumhArI dRSTimeM vahI asatya-virodharUpI satyaniSThA hone ke kAraNa, vaha asatyakA dalana karanevAlI satyakI vijaya hI hogii| vijigISukA dhyeya to apane bhArAdhya satyako hI vijayI banAnA hai| (saMbandhakA AdhAra ) arthAdhIna eva niyatasaMbaMdhaH // 191 / / logoMse saMbaMdha uddezyake anusAra hotA hai| vivaraNa- uddezyake hI anusAra logoM ke sAtha saMbaMdhoMkI sthApanA hotI hai| mitrase mitratA tathA zatrume zatrutAkA saMbaMdha jaDajAtA hai| uddezyakI ekatAse mitratA tathA uddezya kI bhinnatAse zatrutAkA saMbaMdha sthApita hojAtA hai| prajojana hI mAnavoMkI paraspara saMyojaka rajju hai / saMsAra meM ahetuka saMbaMdha asaMbhava hai| alabdhakA lAbha, labdhakI rakSA tathA rakSitakA vardhana ina tIna bhautika prayojanoMse hI logoMke saMbaMdha juDate haiM / ajJAnI jagat bhautika svArthoke pIche bhaTakatA hai / jJAnI manuSya bhautika svArthoM ke pIche na bhaTakakara paramArtha yA vAstavikatAkA ho anugamana karatA hai / jJAnI ajJAnIke artha tathA anayoM ke dRSTikoNa eka dUsarese sarvathA bhinna prakArake hote haiN| jJAnIkI dRSTi meM to mAnasika sthitiko surakSita rakhanevAlA satya hI artha yA kAmya vastu hotA hai / usakI udAra dRSTimeM mAnasika dRDhatAko naSTa karanevAlI bhautika padArthoM kI lAlasA anarthapaznameM ginI jAtI hai| isake viparIta ajJAnIko dRSTi meM bhautika sukhoMke sAdhana hI artha samajhe jAte haiN| usakI dRSTi meM bhautika sukhoMko tyAgane yA upekSApakSameM rakhane kA Adarza yA mAnasika dRDhatA, sukha-tyAga yA duHkha-varaNake nAmase anartha hI mAnA jAtA hai| Page #197 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 170 cANakyasUtrANi ajJAnIke pAsa dUragAmI dRSTi na hokara vaha kevala mApAtaraSTi rakhatA hai| vaha apanI ApAtadRSTi se sukha-duHkhoMke yathArtha rUpoMko samajhane meM prAnti karake duHkhako ( arthAt sukhacchArUpI abhAvagrastatAko) hI sukha mAnakara anizcita ke pIche bhaTakakara, mAnasika nirbalatAko apanAkara lakSyahIna aDha banajAtA hai| isake viparIta satyaniSTha vijigIpuke liye yaha sunizcita hojAtA hai ki vaha apane lakSyapara sthira rahane ke liye mAnasika dRDhatAko apanAye aura nityasukhI bane rahane ke liye saMsArameM paga-pagapara vijaya prApta karatA rahakara sthirarUpase vijayazIla banakara rhe| vijigISu manuSya vizvakA samrATa to pIchese banatA hai| pahale to use apane hI manorAjyakA samrATa bananA paDatA hai| vaha bAhya jagat meM vizva-samrATa bananese bhI pahale sasArakI bhautika sukha-samRddhiko apanI satyaniSThArUpI mAnasika sukhasamRddhi kI adhInatAmeM dekara apane manorAjyakA samrATa bana cukatA hai| apane manorAjyakA samrATa banane ke anantara vizva samrAT bananevAle usa vijigISu ra jAkI rAjazakti ke sammukha samagra saMsArako avanatamastaka hokara rahanA raDatA hai| zorapi sutassakhA rakSitavyaH / / 112 / / zatrukA bhI putra yadi bhitra ho to, usakI rakSA karanI cAhiye / vivaraNa---- arthAta use apane AkramaNa kA pAtra na banAnA caahie| uddezyakI ekana se manuSya papase mitra banate haiN| sAsurI pravRttivAlA satyadveSI hI vijigIpukA zatru hotA hai / satyase vijayI banA hI viji. gIpukA dhyeya hotA hai / satyakA virodha karanevAlA to asatyakA dAsa hotA hai / vaha uddezya ke virodhase hI zatrutA karanevAlA banatA hai| usakA putra usa jasA satya- zatru na hokara apatyakA to zatra nathA satyakA mitra honA asaMbhava nahIM hai| yadi kisI zatruke putra satyaniSTha honekA puSTa pramANa mila jAya to use apanA mitra samajhakara usakI rakSA karanA satyakI ho rakSA karanA hogA / satyaniSThAko apanAyarahanA hI satyaniSTha vijigIpukA Page #198 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zatruko asahAya choDanekA samaya 171 dhyeya hotA hai / isa dhyeyase vicyuta na honA satyaniSThakA pratikSaNa sadAtana svabhAva banajAtA hai| pAThAntara- zatrorapi sakhA suto rakSitavyaH / mitra tathA putrakI zatruse bhI rakSA karanI cAhiye / pAThAntara- zatrorapi zatrusakhAdrAkSatavyaH / apane Apako zatru tathA usake mitra donoMse bacAkara rakhanA cAhiye / ( zatruko mitratAse ThaganekI avadhi ) yAvacchatrAzchidaM pazyati tAvaddhastena vA skandhena vA vAhyaH // 193 // zatrukI jisa nirbalalApara prahAra karake usa naSTa karanA ho usakA patA na calAnenaka use kRtrima mAna tathA kRtrima mitratAke pradarzanAsa dho meM rakhate rho| vivaraNa--- zatrakA chidra hAtha na mAretaka use mata chedo| taba taka usake dAmbhika mastaka ke sAmane apanA mastaka U~cA karake mata calo / usame mana bigADo / ugIko bahu banA rahane tathA nabha meM ibA rahane do aura yuddha mata ThAno / usakA kSAkamaNIya ki hU~Dha lene se prathama upake sAmane mastaka U~cA karanA use raNa-nimaMtraNa denA hai| isa madhya meM use uccasthAna diya raho aura usake viruddha zakti-saMcaya karate rho| / zatruko asahAya choDa dene kA samaya / za chidra pariharet / / 194 / / vijigISu rAjA zatrukI chidrAvasthA meM use apanI sahAyatAsa vaMcita karade pAThAntara---- zatru chidre praharet / vijigISu rAjA zatru ke nirbala sthAnapara mArAmaka prahAra kare / Page #199 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 172 cANakyasUtrANi vivaraNa- vijayAbhilASI apane zatruke chidra ( nirbalatA, vipatti yA kisI bhayaMkara vinAzaka vyasana ) meM phaMse hone kA nizcaya hojAnepara usake nirbala aMgapara AkramaNa kare / vahedamitraM skandhena yAvatkAlasya paryayaH / tameva kAle saMprApte bhindyAda ghaTamivAzmani / / aba taka kAlakI anukUlatAkI pratIkSAmeM dhokA dekara sirapara caDhAye hue zatruke vinAzakI paryApta taiyArI kara lenepara, use patthara para paTakakara phoDa DAle jAnevAle zirobhArasvarUpa ghaDeke samAna naSTa kara DAle / kauma saMkocamAsthAya prahArAnapi marSayet / kAla kAle ca matimAnuttiSThata kRSNasarpavat // viparIta dinoM meM kachavekI bhAMti sukaDakara prahAra sahA kare aura anukUla kAla Anepara sAMpakI bhAMti prahAra karane ke liye uTha khaDA humA kare / ajanmA puruSastAvadgatAsustRNamava vA / yAvanneSubhirAdatte viluptamaribhiryazaH // aniyena dviSatAM yasyAmarSaH prazAmyati / puruSoktiH kathaM tasmin brUhi tvaM hi tapodhana // (zatrako balavAna dIkhaneke Ayojana karo ) AtmacchidraM na prakAzayet // 195 // zatruko apanI nirbalatAkA patA na calane dekara usakI dRSTima balavAna banakara raha / / vivaraNa- tuma apanI kisI aipI nirbalatAko zavapara prakaTa mata hone do jisake kAraNa vaha tumapara AkramaNa kara ske| nAsya guhyaM pare vidyuzchidaM vidyAt parasya ca / . gRhet kUrma ivAMgAni yatsyAdvivRtamAtmanaH / / apanI nirbalatAko zavako mata pahacAnane do, pratyuta tumhIM usakI nibalatAkA patA calAkara rakho / apane prasArita aMgoMko chipA lenevAle kUrmake samAna apanI nirbalatAko zatruke AkramaNoMse bacAye raho ! Page #200 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ rAjAkA kartavya 173 (zatrukA svabhAva) chidraprahAriNazzatravaH // 196 // zatru pratipakSIkI nirbalatApara hI AkramaNa kiyA karate haiN| vivaraNa- isaliye vijigISu loga zatruoM kI dRSTi meM balavAna bane raheM / zatru kabhI bhI prabala pakSapara AkramaNa yA prahAra nahIM karate / AkamaNa sadA nirbala asAvadhAna truTiyukta pakSapara hI hotA hai / pAThAntara-chidraprahAriNo hi zatravaH / (adhIna zatrukA vizvAsa mUDhatA) hastagatamapi zatru na vizvaset // 197 / / vijigISu rAjA apane vaza Anake pazcAt apanI zatrutAkA saMgopana tathA mitratvakA pradarzana karanevAle zatrakA vizvAsa na kre| vivaraNa- zatruko hAthameM pAkara use kSamA karake premase apanAnA vAhanekI bhrAnti kabhI na karanI cAhiye / vijetAke bhayase zatrukI orase premakA prastAva AnA svAbhAvika hai / parantu jisake premakA sambandha honekA kabhI koI hArdika kAraNa upasthita nahIM hosakatA, usa zatrukI asahAya sthiti premakA kAraNa kadApi nahIM bana sktii| aise zatruko apanAkara use apanA sahAyaka mitra banAlenekI durAzA karanA viSadhara bhujaMgako dugdha. pAnase nirviSa banAnekI-sI hI bhrAnti hai / zatruko to miTAkara hI nizcinta honA saMbhava hai / vijigISu ke liye zatru-poSaNa kisI bhI prakAra aura kisI bhI dRSTise samarthanIya nahIM hai| pAThAntara- svahastagatamapi ..... / - ( rAjakarmacAriyoM ke durAcAra rokanA rAjAkA mvahitakArI kartavya ) svajanasya durvRttaM nivArayet // 198 / / vijigISu rAjA svapakSake logoM ke durAcAra yA garhita Aca. raNako prabala upAyoMse dUra kre| Page #201 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 174 cANakyasUtrANi vivaraNa- rAjyako saMpUrNa rAjyasaMsthA tathA gajyabharakA prajA-varga vijigISukA svajana hai / rAjyabharameM kahIM bhI durAcArako protsAhana yA prazraya na milanA hI rAjyako suvyavasthA hai| rAjA yA rAjyasaMsthAkA caritra hI prajAmeM pratiphalita hotA hai / rASTrabharameM se davRttako bahiSkRta rakhanA hI rAjAkA dharma, karma, pUjA, pATha tathA zreSTha bhagavadArAdhana hai| rAjakIya logoM ke darAcAroMse rAjya meM pApa-vRddhi tathA apayaza hotA aura rAjya saMsthA sArvajanika samarthanase vaMcita hokara nirvala paTa jAtI hai| koI bhI rAjya rAjakIya logoMke bhraSTAcArake duSpariNAmoMse baca nahIM sktaa| rAjyAdhikAriyoM ke dazcaritrakA kuphala rAjyako bhoganA hI hogaa| isaliye unheM darAcArase rokaneke kaThoratama upAya apanAye rahane meM hI rAjyakA kalyANa hai| svajanAvamAno'pi manasvinAM duHkhamAvahati // 119 / / duzcaritratAke kAraNa huA svajanoMkA apamAna vicArazIla vyaktiyoke duHkhakA kAraNa hotA hai| vivaraNa- durAcAra ke kAraNa hue rAjakIya logoMke apamAna vicArazIla svAbhimAnI kartavyaparAyaNa manasvI rAjAoMke liye asahya duHkhadAyI hote haiM / manasvI rAjAke karmacArI, durAcArI, bhraSTAcArI hoM aura rASTra meM manIti tathA pApAcAra baDhA rahe hoM to use unake durAcArako tatkAla rokanA cAhiye / use unheM supathapara rakhane meM koI bAta uThA nahIM rakhanI cAhiye / use apane rAjyAdhikAriyoMke apamAna aura apazayako apanA hI apamAna aura apayaza mAnakara una kAraNoMko samUla ukhAr3a pheMkanA cAhiye / pAThAntara-- svajanAvamAno hi ... ... / ( eka karmacArI ke pApase saMpUrNa rAjavyavasthA dUSita ) ekAMgadoSaH puruSamavasAdayati / / 200 // jaise kisIkA eka rogI aMga usake samasta dehako avasanna tathA anupayogI banADAlatA hai, jaise vaha eka dUSita aMga samasta dehake vyAdhigrasta hone kA lakSaNa hotA hai, isI prakAra Page #202 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zatruvijayakA amogha sAdhana rAjyasaMsthA yA kisI dalake kisI bhI vyaktikA durAcAra, samasta rAjyasaMsthA yA sAre dalako hInavala banA DAlatA hai / vivaraNa- kisI rAjyasaMsthAkA eka bhI sadoSa rAja-karmacArI, saMpUrNa rAjyasattAkA kalaMka hai / jaise eka cAvalase baTaloI ke samasta cAvala parakhe jAte haiM, isI prakAra eka rAja-karmacArIkI burAI se use saha lene. vAlI samasta rAjyasattAke dUSita hone kA pramANa mila jAtA hai| isaliye rAjyasattAkA yaha mahAn uttaradAyitva hai ki vaha apane pratyeka rAjakarmacA. gako bhraSTAcAra karanese roke rahe aura rAjakIya sevaka-vRkoMko prajAkA AkheTa na karane de / yahI niyama samasta samAjapara bhI lAgU hotA hai / jisa sama!. jakA eka bhI vyakti dUSita honepara bhI daNDa nahIM pArahA hai, vaha usa saMpUrNa samAjakA kalaMka hai| isaliye apane samAjake pratyeka vyaktiko dhArmika banAkara rakhanA samasta samAjakA sumahAna kartavya hai / ( sadAcAra zatruvijayakA amogha sAdhana ) zatru jayati suvattatA // 201 // sadAcAra zatrupara vijaya prApta karAne kA amogha sAdhana hai / pAThAntara--- zatraM jayati suvRttaH / sadAcArI zatrupara vijaya pAletA hai| vivaraNa- svapakSakA sadAcAra ho svapakSakI zaktiko surakSita rakhakara zatrako harAsakatA hai| isake viparIta svapakSakA durAcAra svapakSako zakti. hIna banAkara zatrako vijayI banAdetA hai| jisakA apane AcArapara vaza nahIM hai, jisakA apanA hI mApA arakSita hai vaha pahale to manivAryarUpase zatruke pralobhanoM meM phaMsegA aura phira apane dezake svAthako becanevAlA dezadrohI bana jAyagA / vaha zatrupara vijaya kase pAyegA ? saMsArameM manuSyakA sabase pahalA sahA zatru usIkA durAcAra hai, jo mAnasika nirbalatAke rUpa meM usake mana meM baiThakara use toDa-toDakara khAtA rahatA hai / durAcAra manuSyakA Abhya - ntarika zatru hai / durAcArarUpI zatrupara vijaya pAye binA bAhya zatruoMpara Page #203 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ '176 cANakyasUtrANi vijaya dilAnevAle utsAha, vIrya, mAnanda tathA vIrocita guNa manuSyako prApta nahIM hoskte| ekasyApi hi yo'zakto manasaH sannibahaNe / mahIM sAgarapayantAM sa kathaM vajeSyati / nirutsAho nirAnando nirvIyoM nirguNaH pumAn / kiM jetuM zakyate tena tasyAtmA cApyarakSitaH // utsAha, Ananda, vIrya tathA guNoMse hona vaha manuSya jisake mAbhyantarika doSa apane hI Apako zava-dahako nocakara khAnevAle gRdhroMke samAna noca nocakara khAye jA rahe haiM, kyA kabhI zatruopara vijaya pAsakatA hai ? jo eka manako nahIM roka-thAma sakatA, vaha sAgaraparyanta bhUmipara kaise vijaya pAsakatA hai ? jo isa bhItaravAle yAtruko jIta letA hai vahI bAhya zatruoM ko parAsta karanekA adhikAra pAtA hai / Antarika zatrubhoMko jIte binA una satsAha, bhAnanda, vIrya tathA guNoMkA pAnA asaMbhava hai jo vijaya dilAne vAlI sarvAdhika mahattva rakhanevAlI bhAvazyaka sAmagrI hai| vijigISu rAjA apanI rAjazaktiko zaktisaMpala banAye rakhaneke liye, apane rAjyAdhikAriyoM ko sadAcArI banAkara unake dvArA saMpUrNa rASTrameM sadA. cArakA prabhAva jamAye rakkhe / taba hI vaha zaktimAna hokara nirvighna raha sakatA aura rASTra sevAmeM samartha hosakatA hai / jo rAjA svayaM sadAcArI ho usImeM rASTrako sadAcArI rakhane kI yogyatA hosakatI hai| kadAcArI rAjAkI rAjAkti bhraSTAcArI hokara rASTrako bhAcArahIna, anaitika tathA nirbala banA. kara choDatI hai / sadAcArahIna rASTra rAjazakti ke bhraSTAcArI honekA bhakATya pramANa hai| ( nIcoMkA svabhAva ) nikRtipriyA nIcAH / / 202 // nIca vyakti satpuruSoMke sAtha kapaTAcaraNa karanevAlA hotA hai| Page #204 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ nIcakA vizvAsa akartavya 177 vivaraNa - nIca vyakti vizvAsapAtra ke sAtha vizvAsaghAta karatA hai / duSkAryapriyatA, parApamAna, dhUrtatA, zaThatA, kapaTa, pratAraNA, parAdhikArakA apaharaNa nIcoMke pyAre vyApAra haiM / satpuruSoMkA apamAna, unakA abhISTavidhvaMsana Adi duSkArya karanekI pravRtti hI nIcoMkI pahacAna hai / unheM sadA garhita AcaraNa, dUsarekA parihAsa Adi abhadra kAma hI rucate haiM / jaise zvAnako ucchiSTa bhojana yA jaise coroMko a~dherA pyArA lagatA hai, isI prakAra zaTha logoMko samAjake sAtha vizvAsaghAta karanA baDA priya lagatA hai / ( nIcako samajhAnA akartavya ) nIcasya matirna dAtavyA // 203 // nIca, hIna, zaTha mAnavako sadupadeza dekara use dharmabuddhi banAnekA prayatna mata karo / vivaraNa- vipathagAmI buddhivAle nIcako sadupadeza denekA pariNAma viparIta hotA hai / vaha eka bhI acchI bAta mAnaneko udyata nahIM hotA / nIcako upadeza denA kevala vyartha hI nahIM hai use apanA zatru banAlenA bhI hai| jisane upadeza mAnanA hI nahIM, use diyA huA sadupadeza kisIko gokharU khAneko kahane jaisA amAnya ho jAtA hai / ( nIcakA vizvAsa akartavya ) teSu vizvAso na kartavyaH || 204 || karoM, zaThoM, paMcakoM nIcoMkA vizvAsa na karanA cAhiye / vivaraNa - nIcoMse vizvAsakA sambandha joDanA, sAdhutA yA mahAtmApana samajhA jAtA hai / parantu na to yaha sAdhutA hai aura na yaha mahAtmApana hai / nIcoMko kisIkA bhI vizvAsa pAnekA adhikAra nahIM hai / ve to logoM ke avizvAsa bhAjana bane rahane ke hI adhikArI haiM / aisoMko apanI koI aisI mArmika bAta batAnA jisase ve koI hAni pahu~cA sakeM nItihInatA aura niSphala vyApAra hai / pAThAntara-- nIcepu 12 ( cANakya . ) 1 Page #205 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi ( nIca svabhAva ) supUjito'pi durjanaH pIDayatyeva / / 205 // durjana udAratAkA vyavahAra pAkara bhI avasara pAte hI aniSTa karanese nahIM cuuktaa| vivaraNa- upakArIko duHkha pahu~cAye binA durjanako zAnti nahIM pddtii| durjana dUdha pIkara viSavamana karanevAle sA~pa yA trAtAke dehameM bhI DaMka mAranevAle vicchrake samAna apane duratikramaNIya svabhAvase jabataka kisIkA aniSTa nahIM karatA tabataka use ThaMDaka nahIM paDatI / vaha apane svabhAvase dUsaroMkA apakAra karane ke liye vivaza hai| isaliye loga dhArmikatAkA sastA yaza lUTane yA durjanoMse mahAtmApanakA pramANapatra leneke liye unake sAtha vizvAsakA saMbaMdha sthApita karane kI bhUla na kreN| pAThAntara- supUjito'pi bAdhata drjnH| candanAdInapi dAvognidahatyeva / / 206 // jaise dAvAgni apane dAhakatva svabhAvase vivaza hokara canda nakI zItalatA tathA sugandhakA guNagrahaNa na karake use bhI bhasmIbhUta karaDAlatI haiM, isIprakAra upakRta bhI zaTha upakAra karanevAlekA kRtajJa na hokara usakA bhI apakAra hI karatA hai| ( adhika sUtra ) zirasi prasthApyamAno vahinardahatyeva jaise sirapara dhAraNa kiyA huA bhI vahina apane dAhaka svabhA. vase vivaza hokara apane sammAnadAtAko bhI nizcita rUpase jalAtA hai isIprakAra durjana, satkRta tathA upakRta honepara bhI satkartA tathA upakartAko nizcita rUpase pIDA pahu~cAtA hai| api nirvANamAyAti, nAnalo yAti zItatAm / bhAga bujha to sakatI haiM parantu zItala nahIM hosktii| isIprakAra nIca vinaSTa to ho sakatA hai parantu panI nItAko tyAga nahIM sktaa| Page #206 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ apamAna karanA akartavya 179 ( apamAna karanA akartavya ) kadApi puruSaM nAvamanyeta // 207 // kabhI kisI puruSakA apamAna mata kro| vivaraNa- manuSyako zIlase samasta jagatapara vazIkAra pAkara rahanA caahiye| dUsaroMkA apamAna apane hI sadguNoMkA mardana karaDAlanA hai| kisI dUsarekA apamAna karanA apanA hI apamAna hai| jise loga dUsarekA apamAna karanevAlA samajhate haiM, vaha sabase pahale apane hI AtmAkA hanana yA apamAna yA apane hI sadagaNoMkA mardana karacukatA hai| avamantA jise apanA zatra samajha letA hai use apamAna ke dvArA hAni pahu~cAnA cAhatA hai| hAni zatrako hI paha~cAI jAtI hai| kyoMki mitroM ke apamAnakA to prazna hI upasthita nahIM hotA isaliye yaha sUtra zatruke haiN| apamAnakA niSedha kara rahA hai / isapara vicAranA yaha hai ki zatruko hAni pahu~cAnA to anivArya kartavya hai| kyoMki use hAni na pahu~cAnese usake zatratAcaraNako protsAhana miLajAtA hai| zatruke hAthoM hAni uThAnA yA usake zatrutAcaraNameM sahayoga denA eka hI bAta hai| kyoMki zatrukA virodha na karanA nirbuddhitA hai, isaliye isa sUtrakA mabhiprAya apamAna na karanekA upadeza dekara usakA virodha hI chuDavA denA saMbhava nahIM hai / bhava. sara milanepara zatrako miTA dAlanA hI usake sAtha ucita bartAva mAnA jAtA hai / itanepara bhI usakA apamAna karanese virata rahane ko kahanA avazya ho apanA koI gaMbhIra abhiprAya rakhatA hai| nizcaya hI mArya cANakya jaise matimAna patrakAra kitI vizeSa prakArakA apamAna karanese virata rahaneko nIti ke anukUla samajhakara isakA upadeza de rahe haiM / ___ mahAmati satrakAra apanI bhAnubhavika cakSuse spaSTa dekha rahe haiM kikhokhale, tarjana, garjana yA apazabdAtmaka apamAnakArI vyavahArase zavakI koI hAni na hokara kSatramantAkA apanI hI hAni hotI haiN| isI dRSTile ve apamAnakA niSedha kara rahe haiN| kisI bhI niSedhAtmaka upadezako tada hI koI Page #207 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 180 anuss svIkAra kara sakatA hai, jaba vaha upadeSTAko apanA saccA hitavaktA mAnale aura use usakA upadeza apane hitArtha honekA santoSa mile / udAharaNake rUpameM ' corI mata karo' isa upadezako vahI manuSya svIkAra karegA, jo isa upadezase viparIta calane meM arthAt corI karane meM apanA ahita samajhegA / parantu jo cora hogA use ' corI mata karo' yaha upadeza kisI bhI prakAra svIkAra na hogA / kyoMki corIko protsAhana dekara apahRta honA kisIke lie bhI lAbhadAyaka nahIM hai / isake viparIta yadi koI kahane lage ki corako mata roko to yaha upadeza kisIko bhI grAhya nahIM hogaa| ina saba dRSTiyoMse isa satrakA kartavyAkartabyakI spaSTa kasauTIpara kasakara yahI abhiprAya lenA ucita hogA ki apamAna karanA avamantAke apane hI liye ahitakArI tathA zatruke liye hitakArI hai| hitAhitake kSetra parampara virodhI hote haiN| hitAhitake parasparavirodhI saMbaMdha rakhanevAle kSetra meM eka ke hitase dUsarekA ahita honA anivArya hotA hai| apamAna karanevAle loga zatrukA hI aniSTa karanA cAhate haiM apanA nahIM / parantu dUsareko hAni pahu~. cAnA cAhanevAle loga zatruko hAni pahu~cAnekI saccI vidhiko tyAgakara bhrAntivaza zAbdika, tarjana-garjanAtmaka, khokhale nirvIrya krodhakA pradarzana karake apane Apa hI azakta tathA buddhihInake rUpameM vyakta hokara zatruke hAthoM meM svahAnikAraka astra pakaDA dete aura apanA parAjaya avshyNbhaav| banAlete haiM / khokhalI, korI aruntuda bAtoMse zatruko hAni pahu~cAnekA pradarzana karanA hI isa niSedhya apamAnakA svarUpa hai| zatrakA khokhalA virodha na karake usakA Thosa virodha karanA cAhiye aura use saMsArake paTarese haTAkara mAnanA cAhiye / sakriya ari-virodhameM bAhyADaM ghara, vAgADaMbara, tarjanagarjana Adi vyApAra apane hI liye hAnikAraka honese usIko yahAM niSedhya apamAna ke rUpameM upasthita kiyA gayA hai| zatrako bAtoMse nahIM miTAyA jA sktaa| korI bAteM to zatrako miTAne ke mArgakI bAdhaka banajAtI hai| bAtoMse zatrake hAthoM meM AtmanAzakA hathiyAra pakaDA diyA jAtA hai / Page #208 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ apamAna karanA akartavya 181 1 66 isa sUtra meM zatru ke prati zAbdika krodhakA pradarzanamAtra hI niSedhya apamA nakI paribhASA meM ArahA hai / isa apamAnase zatru vijita na hokara vijetA banajAtA hai / hAni pahu~cAnevAleke sAtha badalA lenekI bhAvanAse jo zAbdika asAra bartAva kiyA jAtA hai usIko yahA~ apamAna kahA jArahA hai / zatruvirodhakA kArmika na hokara korA zAbdika honA hI yahAM apamAnakI paribhASA hai| zatruko miTADAlanA kadApi nindanIya nahIM hai / hAni pahu~cAnevAleko parAbhUta karanA aura saMbhava ho to miTADAlanA vyaktigata tathA sAmAjika donoM prakArake kalyANakA kAraNa honese nindanIya na hokara prazaMsanIya hI hai / parantu yaha zAbdika avamantA dUsarekA apamAna karanese pahale apaneko ho manuSyocita bartAvakI sthitise girAkara apanA hI apamAna karacukA hotA hai / apanI manuSyatAko khodenA hI svayaM apamAnita honA hai / kisIkA bhI sira dUsareke kiye apamAnakArI bartAva se nIcA nahIM hotA | svAbhimAnIke sirako kucalA to jA sakatA hai parantu use koI bhI nIcA nahIM kara sakatA | svAbhimAnI vyakti apane sirako U~cA rakhakara hI zatru mitra udAsa sabake sAtha bartAva karatA hai| dUsare bartAva ke samaya hI sira U~cA-nIcA rakhanekA prazna upasthita hotA hai| jo apanA sira U~cA rakhakara dUsare se vyavahAra karatA hai usakA vyavahAra kabhI bhI apamAnajanaka honeke kalaMka se kalaMkita nahIM hotA / dUsarekA apamAna karanekI bhAvanAle bartAva karanevAlekA apamAnakArI bartAva dUsareko nindita na karake apanI hI manuSyatAko lAMchita karaDAlatA hai 1 " sacce vijigISu loga zatruke sAtha bartAva karate samaya bhI apamAna karanekI bhAvanA kabhI koI bartAva na karake, apane Apako zatruko dRSTimeM bhI manuSyatAse hIna siddha na hone dekara apane manuSyocita gauravako samujjvala rakhakara, apane vIrocita DhaMgale zatrukA sira nIcA karake chor3ate haiM / dUsarekA apamAna karanekI bhAvanA hI mUlameM bhUlase bharI huI hai / manuSyatAkI kasauTI para parakhane se pratIta hotA hai ki dUsarekA apamAna karanA vAstava meM apane Page #209 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 182 hI sirako nIcA karanA hotA hai| dUsarekA apamAna karanekI bhAvanAvAlA manuSya svAbhimAna se vaMcita hojAtA hai / dUsarekA apamAna karanekI bhAvanA ke mUlameM yaha bhrAnti chipI rahatI hai ki avamantA apane sirako svabhAvase sadA U~cA rakhanA nahIM cAhatA kintu zatruke sirako U~cA dekhate ho use nIcA karanA cAhatA hai / satyaniSTha vijigISukA sira to nirapekSa rUpameM svabhAvase sadA hI U~cA rahatA hai / usake zatru asatyake dAsa asurakA sira svabhAvase sadA hI nIcA hotA hai / satyaniSTha vijigISu apane sisko satyakI mahimAse samunnata rakhakara hI apane zatruke sirako nIcA bindU kara detA hai / apane sirako nirapekSarUpa se svabhAva se U~cA banAye rakhaneka atirikta zatruke sirako nocA dikhAnekA dUsarA koI upAya saMbhava nahIM hai jisakA sira svabhAva se U~cA nahIM hotA, vaDI zatruke sirako apanese U~cA pAkara, use balapUrvaka nIcA karanekA vyartha prayatna kiyA karatA hai / yoM apamAna karanA cAhanevAlA hI svayaM apamAnita hojAtA hai 1 satyaniSTha vijigIpuke pAsa mAnApamAnakI yaha kasoTI svayaMmeva vidyamAna rahatI hai / 1 pAThAntara -- kaJcidapi kisI bhI puruSakA apamAna na karanA cAhiye / cANakyasUtrANi .. ( niraparAdhoMko kaSTa mata do ) kSantavyamiti puruSaM na bAdhet // 208 // kSamA karanA mAnava-dharma hai isa dRSTiko lekara kSamAyogya pAtroko santApa mata pahu~cAo / vivaraNa - pAtrApAtra vicAra na karake apAtrako kSamA karanA tathA pAtrako kSamAse vaMcita rakhadenA vicArazUnyatA hai| kSamA rAjadharma hai / daNDadhArI hI niraparAdhoMko adaNDita rakhane tathA aparAdhiyoMko daNDita karane kA adhikAra rakhate haiM / paristhitike kAraNa jaba jise aparAdhiyoM ko daNDa denekA adhikAra milatA hai, taba usake aparAdha yA nirdoSatAkA Page #210 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ niraparAdhoMko kaSTa mata do 183 nirNaya karanA bhI yahacchAse usIkA kartavya hotA hai| yaha kartavya use nyAyAdhIzakA mAsana dedetA hai / jise jaba nyAyAdhIzakA bAsana milajAtA hai, use taba kSamA karanekA bhI adhikAra prApta hojAtA hai| isa avasarapara kSamAzIlatArUpI mAnava-dharma-pAlana meM pramAda na karanA cAhiye / rAjA nyAyaniSTha prajAkI bhorase hI nyAyAdhIzake pAsanapara niyukta hotA hai / prajAkI nyAyaniSThA rAjacaritra meM pratidhvanita hokara prakaTa rahe yahI to gajAkI yogyatA hai| aparAdhiyoM ko daNDamukta rakhanA prajAke liye asantoSajanaka hone ke kAraNa aparAdhiyoM kI daNDamuktiko kSamAmeM sammilita nahIM kiyA jAsakatA / aparAdhIko daNDita karake samAjakI zAnti-rakSA karanA rAjadharma hai / niraparAdhako daNDa dekara samAjameM nyAyakA hanana karanA samAja ke liye hAnikAraka hai| isa dRSTi se kSamA upayukta kSetra (pAtra) kA nirNaya karanA rAjAkA anivArya kartavya ho jAtA hai / kucha thoDese manuSya aise bhI hote haiM jinake cittapara kSamAse nyAyakA prabhAva DAlanA saMbhava hotA hai| aise logoM ko kSamArUpI upAyase samAja-hiteSI nAgarika banAnekA avapara bhAtA hai| aise samaya unheM kSamA karadenA hI nyAya meM sammilita ho jAtA hai / garUpApameM labudagada tathA laghupApameM garUdaNDa donoM eka jaisA anyAya hai / isaliye kSAkA upayukta pAtra ubhIko samajhanA cAhiye, jilakA aparAdha kSamAse kSAlita hojAnA nizcita rUpase pramANita hojAya / ese manu yako kSamAke AMtarikta daNDa denA usake sAtha anyAya hogaa| samAke dvArA pApakA protsAhana karanA kabhI kSamAzIlatA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / nirvicArabhAvase aparAdhIko kSamA karate raikara kSamAzIlatAkA pramANapatra lekara apanA yazolobha caritArtha karanA kisI bhI rUpameM prazaMsanIya nahIM hai| ___ samAja-hita hI kSamAkA dRSTikoNa honA cAhiye / kSamAse kisI vyaki. vizeSako anugRhIta karake, usakI vyaktigata kRtajJatAkA bhAjana bana jAnA to kSamAkA ekAMgI dUSita dRSTikoNa hai| yaha na honA cAhiye / samAja. Page #211 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi kalyANako mukhya dhyeya rakhakara aparAdhI ke sAtha cAhe jo bartAva kiyaa| jAya, vaha Upara se dekhane meM daNDa honepara bhI daNDanIyake liye kalyANakArI honeke kAraNa akSamA na kahAkara kSamA jaisA hI mahattvapUrNa vyavahAra mAnA jAyagA / isake viparIta aparAdhIko kSamA karake samAjameM aparAdhako protsAina dekara aparAdhiyoMkI saMkhyA baDhAte cale jAnA kSamAMke nAmase anarthako apanAnA hai / samAjakI zAntikI rakSA karanevAle sadasyako samAjasevA se vaMcita karanA yA yoM kaheM ki samAjako kisI zAnti-rakSaka sadasyakI sevA se vaMcita karadenA, daNDakA uddezya kadApi nahIM hai / aparAdhIkA saMzodhana karanevAle daNDa tathA kSamA nAmake donoM atra, paristhitike anusAra samAna ddezya se prayoga meM lAye jAne cAhiye / daNDa tathA kSamA donoMkA uddezya aparAdhako nindita karanA hI honA cAhiye / aparAdhI taba hI kSamya mAnA jAsakatA hai jaba ki kSamAke prabhAvase usake manameM aparAdha ke liye ghRNA utpanna kI jAsake / yadi kSamAse aparAdhI ke manameM aparAdhake lie vRNara utpanna na kI jAsake to aparAdhoMko samAja meM nindanIya banAye rakhane ke liye aparAdhiyoMko kaThora se kaThora daNDa denemeM pramAda karanA ghAtaka bhrAnti hogii| 184 ( apamAna sahanevAloMpara atyAcAra mata karo ) ( adhika sUtra ) kSamanta iti puruSAn na bAdhayet / logoM kI sahanazIlatAko dekhakara unase aisA bartAva na karo jo vAstava meM unapara atyAcAra vana jAya / vivaraNa -- rAjadaNDa cikitsakoM ke amRtaphalotpAdaka viSa prayoga-sA honA cAhiye / rAjadaNDakA upayoga asAdhya rogIkI cikitsA meM acUka rakSaka viSa-prayogake samAna honepara hI samarthanIya hotA hai / prajApAlaka rAjAkA kartavya hai ki vaha daNDa prayoga karate samaya apaneko atyAcArita prajAkI paristhitimeM rakhakara hI daNDakI upayogitA tathA aucityakA vicAra kiyA kare / apaneko atyAcArita prajAkI sthiti meM rakhe binA daNDakA abhrAnta honA kisI bhI prakAra saMbhava nahIM hai / Page #212 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ atyAcAra mata karo 185 prajA svabhAvase rAjabhakta hotI hai| usakA sira rAjadaNDa ke sammukha svabhAvase avanata rahatA hai| vidroha to vaha vivaza hokara hI karatI hai| rAjAkA kartavya hai ki vaha apanI durnItise prajAke isa bhavanata sirako vidrohI na banane dekara avanata rakhe / parantu yaha kAma rAjAkI vicArazIla. tApara nirbhara rahatA hai / jaba rAjA vicArazUnya hokara prajAse sahAnubhUti rakhanA choDa detA aura apaneko rASTrakA hI eka bhaMga na samajhakara, rASTrakA mAlika bananeko pRSTatA karabaiThatA hai, taba hI usake mana meM prajApIDana, prajA. zoSaNa Adi durguNa udbhUta hokara use atyAcArI, bhraSTAcArI, banAkara use prajAkI vRNAkA pAtra banADAlate haiM / rAjAkA apaneko rASTrakA aMga na samajhakara vizeSAdhikAra saMpanna mAnane laganA aisI vyAdhi hai jo rAjyAdhi kArakA durupayoga karAtI hai| vicArazIla rAjyAdhikAriyoM kA kartavya hai ki va rAjyAdhikAra kA durupayoga karAnevAlI isa vyAdhiko rAjya saMsthAmeM na ghusane deN| prajAkI atyAcAra tathA utpIDana sahatI calI jAnevAlI kAtara. tAmayI sahanazIlatAko rAjabhanimeM kadApi sammilita na karanA cAhie kintu use rASTra dakSako tatkAla cikitsya bhayakara vyAdhi mAnanA cAhiye / utpIDana sahanevAlI prajAkI sahanazIlatA, atyAcArI rAjyAdhikAriyoM ko mAsurikatA hai| ___ atyAcArI Asurika rAjyAdhikArI prajAko bAra bAra nAnA bhAMtike daihika yA Arthika utpIDanoMse amta karakarake usakA virodha karane kA svabhAva chuDAkara niSkaNTaka bana jAnA cAhA karate haiM / isa dRSTi se prajAkI yaha atyA. cAra sahanazIlatA atyAcArI rAjAkI AsurikatA hotI hai / kisI rASTrako anyAya sahanazIlatA dekhakara niHzaMka ho kara mAna lo ki yahA~kI rAjazaktine isa rASTrakI manuSyatA tathA anyAyake virodha karane kI zaktiko padadalila karake use manuSyatAhIna banAliyA hai / jahA~ kahIM prajA anyAya saha rahI ho, vahA~ke rAjA yA rAjyAdhikArI avazya hI atyAcArI haiN| suyogya rAjyA. dhikAriyoM ko to prajAkI anyAyakA virodha karane kI pravRttiko protsAhita Page #213 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 186 cANakyasUtrANi karanA cAhiye | isaliye karanA cAhiye ki jaba prajAkI yaha asIma sahanazIlatA apanI sImA pAra kara jAtI hai taba isakA rAjavidrohake rUpameM vyakta honA avazyambhAvI hojAtA hai / rAjadaNDako prajAkA hArdika samarthana milatA rahe, yahI to usakA aucitya hai aura yahI usakI sahana yogyatA bhI hai / jabataka rAjA loga apane hitako prajAke hitase abhinna samajhate rahate haiM tabataka rAjadaNDa apanI maryAdA ullaMghana nahIM karapAtA aura sahyatAse bhI bAhara nahIM nikala pAtA / taba rAjadaNDa satyatulApara tula-tulakara pakSapAtahIna hokara apane yathArtha rUpameM rahatA hai / parantu durbhAgya se prAyaH rAjyAdhikArI loga rAjyAdhikAra pAkara AtmavismRtike kIcaDameM pha~sa jAte haiM aura apane svArthako prajAti se alaga mAnakara apaneko prajA meM sammilita na rahane dekara rAjyakA ekAdhikAra jAnevAle ucca siMhAsanArUDha zAsaka jAtike loga banajAte haiM / taba ye loga abhiyukta sAtha jo bartAva karate haiM vaha anivArya rUpase vyaktigata zatrutAkA rUpa dhAraNa karaletA hai| aise rAjyAdhikAriyoMkI dRSTimeM aparAdhakI kasoTI hI badala jAtI hai| aise rAjyAdhikAriyoMke vyaktigata svArthakA virodha karanevAle bartAva hI aparAdha kI zreNI meM gine jAne lagate haiN| aise rAjyAdhikArI loga yadyapi Uparase dekhane meM vyaktiyoMko hI anyAya se daNDa dete dIkhate haiM, parantu ve anyAya - daNDita ikale- dukale vyakti hI rAjAko prajAkI dRSTimeM anyAyI siddha karake rAjyAdhikAriyoMko sampUrNa rASTrakA zatru banA dete haiM / prajAkI dRSTimeM Aye hue rAjadaNDa ke durupayoga ke ye ikke-dukke udAharaNa hI rAjyabhara meM honevAle asaMkhya udAharaNoMke pratinidhi banakara rAjyAdhikAriyoMko prajAkI ghRNAkA pAtra banA dete haiM / isa prakAra ke virala udAharaNase yaha nahIM mAnA jAsakatA ki rASTra meM sarvatra aisA rAjakIya pApa nahIM horahA hai| rASTrameM isa prakAra ke virala udArahaNoMse hI samagra rASTrakA anyAya- pIDita honA siddha hojAtA hai / kyoMki isa prakArake virala udAharaNakA pratikAra karanese hI samagra rASTravyApI Page #214 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ atyAcAra mata karo pApoMkA nivAraNa hosakatA hai, isaliye kisI kalyANakAmI rASTrako ina virala udAharaNoMko kSudra ghaTanA na mAnakara asaMzodhita nahIM choDanA caahiye| yadi koI rASTra isa prakAra ke virala udAharaNoM ko saha rahA ho to use na to samagra rASTrakI sahanazIlatA mAnanA cAhiye aura na isa sahanazIlatAkA yaha martha mAnanA cAhiye ki rASTra ina rAjakIya atyAcAroMkA samarthana kara rahA hai| bAta yaha hai ki atyAcAra satyAcAritakI dRSTi meM kabhI bhI sahya nahIM hotA / rAjyAdhikArI loga isa satyako dhyAnameM rakhakara apane Apako prajAmeM sammilita mAne taba hI ne nyAyapUrvaka daNDadhAraNa kara sakate haiN| bAdhA yA Akroza aniSTakAriyoM ko hI pahuMcAnA cAhiye / niraparAdha kSamAzIlako nahIM / bama ra prAyaH mArate ke sAro aura bhAgate ke pIche dauDane. vAloMkA ho sAdhikya hai| kAyara loga bhAgane tathA sahanevAloMpara hI apanI kApuruSatAko chipAne vAlI mithyA vIratAkA pradarzana kiyA karate haiN| parantu yaha pravRtti prakaTale zUnya nahIM hai / isaliye nahIM hai ki sahana kI bho to sImA hotI hai| jaba atipIDita manuSya jIvana aura sukhoMse nirAza hokara, jAna para khelakara pratyAkramaNa karanepara vivaza hojAtA hai, taba vaha ajeya aura apratIkArya hotA hai : nirdayatAse mArA thA to patyarataka Agake viku. liMga ugala ra apanA roSa kaTa karatA hai| dUsaroM ke sAtha mAnavAcita bartAva karane meM hI mAnavakI zaktiyoM ko sAtha katA tathA kalyANa hai| zrI ballabhadevane kahA hai.---- kSamayA Ajavanaiva dayayA ca sniipthaa| kauzalena ca lokAnAM vazIkaraNamuttamam // amA, RjutA, dayA, sadbhAvanA tathA kauzala se hI logoMkA uttama vazI. kAra hotA hai| ( adhika sUtra) candanAdapi jAto vahinadahatyeva / jaise suzItala candanasa utpanna AMgna bhI dAha karatI haiM, isA prakAra sahanakI sImA pAra hojAnepara sahanevAle ThaMDe logoMmeMse Page #215 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 188 cANakyasUtrANi bhar3aka uThI huI vidrohamayI agni sAmmukhya tathA viplavakA rUpa lekara vRthApIDaka avamantA yA apakartAko naSTa-bhraSTa karanepara utara AtI hai / vivaraNa- rAjyAdhikArI loga rAjazaktike madameM Akara aisA mUDha paga na uThAveM, jisase pIDita nirAza prajAko kAnUnako hAtha meM lekara pratyAkrAmaka banane ke liye vivaza hojAnA paMDe / sahanakI sImA pAra honepara sahanevAloMmeMse bhaDakI huI mAga viplavakA rUpa dhAraNa karake samagra rASTrako naSTa-bhraSTa karaDAlatI hai / rAjyAdhikArI loga prajAko kupita karane ko sAdhAraNa bAta aura usake kopako sAdhAraNa hAni na samajhakara usase bace rahe / rAjA loga jAneM ki tumhAre rAjyako jo rAjazakti milI hai vaha prajAkI dI huI dharohara hI to hai / saMsArakA itihAsa kaha rahA hai ki jaba jaba rAjA loga apane rAjakIya kartavya bhUlakara zakti-madAntra hokara anyAya aura atyAcArapara utare haiM taba-taba prajAko aise rAjAoMse rAjazakti chInane ke uddezya se kAnUna ko hAthameM TaThA lene ke liye vivaza hojAnA paDA hai ! ( mantrasabhA meM nirbuddhako mata baiThAo ) - bharvAdhikaM rahasyuktaM vaktumicchantyabuddhayaH // 209 // nirbuddhi loga rAjAke dvArA ekAntameM kahe hue gaMbhIra rAjakIya rahasyoMko prakaTa kara denA cAhate haiM 1 vivaraNa -- sUtrakAra kahanA cAhate haiM ki rAjAkI maMtraNA sabhA meM avizvasanIya logoM ke pravezako niSiddha rakhaneke liye atyanta sAvadhAnatA bartanI cAhiye | nirbuddha loga apanI isa duSpravRttike ghAtaka pariNAmako na samajhakara apanI asaMyata icchA ke AdhIna hokara apane prabhukA rahasyabheda karake, rASTrako hAni pahuMcAkara, apanI hI hAni karate haiN| rahasya me kAyaMghAtI tathA rASTraghAtI vyAdhi hai / pAThAntara bherItADitaM rahasyuktaM vaktumicchatyabudhaH // * Page #216 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pariNAmase hitabuddhi pahacAno 181 mUDha mAnava apanI buddhihInatAse rahasyameM kahI huI bAtako ukekI coTa kahanA aura use sakalajanazrotavya banAdenA cAhA karatA hai| mUDha ke peTameM bAta nahIM pacatI / use rahasya kI bAta sunate hI kupaca hokara bAtakA atisAra hojAtA hai| (pariNAmase hitabuddhi pahacAno ) anurAgastu phalena sUcyate // 210 // anurAga maukhika sahAnubhUtiyoMse sUcita na hokara phaloMse sUcita hotA hai| vivaraNa-- anurAgIke anurAgakA pramANa bAtoMmeM DhUMDhanA bhrAmaka hai / anurAga to AcaraNoM aura phaloMse jAnane yogya vastu hai / kisIke zAbdika anurAgakA vizvAsa karanA mUDhatA aura bholApana hai| __ samAjake pratyeka sadasyakA rASTrAnurAgI arthAt sArvajanika kalyANameM apanA kalyANa samajhanevAlA sevaka honA atyAvazyaka hai| samAjake pratyeka sadasyake sArvajanika kalyANameM apanA kalyANa samajhanevAlA hone para hI samAjameM zAnti surakSita rahasakatI hai| samAja kI yaha zAnti-kAmanA hI garasevikA rAjya saMsthAke rUpameM kriyAtmaka rUpa lekara rahatI hai| rASTasaMsthA rAjyakA zAbdika dikhAvAmAtra anurAga rakhanevAlI na ho kintu vyava. hArameM AnevAlA vAstavika anurAga rakhanevAlI ho taba hI rASTrakA kalyANa honA saMbhava hai| saccA anurAga hI mAnava-samAjako saMgaThita rakhanevAlA sudRDha bandhana hai| __ prakRtameM rAjyAdhikAriyoMkA nirvAcana isa uddezyako sAmane rakhakara karanA cAhiye ki rAjyasaMsthAmeM sacce rASTra-hitaiSI hI sammilita hone pAyeM / jinheM nirvAcita kiyA jAya unakI rASTra-hitaiSitAke yathocita pramANa pAye binA kisIkA bhI nirvAcana na honA cAhiye / kinhI rAjyAdhikAra-lipsoM ke cyAkhyAna, nAtmapracAra, sAmpradAyika yA jAtigata svArthamUlaka dalabaddhatA rAjyAdhikAra saMbhAlaneko yogyatA kadApi na mAnanI cAhiye kintu niHsvArtha Page #217 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 190 cANakyasUtrANi deza-sevA hI rAjyAdhikAra prAptikI yogyatAkI kasauTI honI caahiye| rAjyAdhikAriyoM ke nirvAcanameM ina bAtoMkA dhyAna anivArya rUpase rakkhA jAnepara hI apanI orase rAjyasaMsthAke pratIkSaka ( ummedavAra ) banane kI dezameM phailI huI mahAmArI rAjanItise bahiSkRta hosakatI hai aura taba hI rASTra apane yogya vyaktiyoMko apanI orase vizvasta dezAnurAgI sevakoMke rUpameM niyukta karake rAjyasaMsthA saMbhAlanekA gaMbhIra kartavya pUrA kara sakatA hai| pAThAntara- anurAgastu hitena sUcyate / anurAga hitakArI ceSTAmose pahacAnA jAtA hai| (aizvaryakA phala ) ajJAphalamaizvaryam // 211 // yaha pATha arthahIna hone se prAmAdika hai / pAThAntara- AzAphala maizvaryam / aizvaryakA phala AzA hai| vivaraNa- saMsArameM usIkI AjJA mAnI jAtI hai jo apane aizvaryako apanI prabandhazaktise surakSita rakhatA hai| rAjyasaMsthA rAjAjJAkA rUpa lekara prakaTa hotI yA AtmaprakAza kiyA karatI hai| rASTra hI rAjAko siMhAsanArUDha karatA hai / rASTrako avahelanA karake rAjasiMhAsanapara balAt AdhikAra kara baiThanevAle ko siMhAsana cAhe mila jAya parantu vaha rATha ke usa hRdayameM jo rASTrakA saccA svAmI hai sthAna nahIM lepaataa| rAke hRdayakI sammatike binA rAjyAdhikAra hathiyAbaiThanevAle rAjAkA rASTravirodhI honA anivAya hai| aise rAjAkA rAjya tabataka hI raha sakatA hai, jabataka rASTra kI sammilita zakti use parAbhUta na kare / rASTravirodhI AjJA denevAlA rAjA prajAko paga. pagapara pIDita karatA rahakara use vidrohI banAtA calAjAtA hai| kyoMki maTakA hRdaya hI rASTra kA saccA rAjA hotA hai, isaliye rAjyavvayasthAko sahaiyarUpI sacce sajAkI sarvamAnya bhAjJAka rUpa se prakaTa karane ke liye yaha Page #218 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aizvaryakA phala anivArya rUpase Avazyaka hai ki rAjyavyavasthA saMbhAlanevAle loga apanI yA rAjyasaMsthAkI orase nirvAcita na hokara, rASTrakI ora se nirvAcita hoM / rASTra-vyavasthA ke liye aise vyakti nirvAcita hoM jo rASTrakI AjJAko vizvastatA ke sAtha rASTra-kalyANakArI saccI rAjAjJAkA rUpa deDAleM aura baDI zraddhA se usakA pAlana kreN| rAjAjJA hi sarveSAmalaMghyaH prAkAraH / rAjAjJA sabake liye alaMghanIya durga hai / 191 1 jaise phala vRkSa ke svarUpako prakaTa karadetA hai, isI prakAra pAlita apAlita, ardhapAlita yA avahelita rAjAjJA rAjyasaMsthAke yathArtha rUpako prakaTa kara detI hai| yadi rAjAjJA prajApIDaka ho to vaha rAjyasaMsthAko prajAdrohI sUcita karadetI hai | rAjyasaMsthA honepara kisI na kisI prakArakI rAjAjJAoM kA pracArita honA anivArya hotA hai / yadi ve rAjAjJAyeM prajA- pIDaka hoM to va prajAkA hArdika anumodana na pAsakanese usa rAjyasaMsthAko rAjyakI anadhi kAriNI siddha karadetI haiM aura prajAko rAjyasaMsthAkA vidrohI banAtI rahatI haiN| prajAkA anumodana na pAsakanevAlI AjJAko pracArita karanevAlI rAjyasaMsthA, prajAkI hRdayarUpI urvara bhUmikA anurAgarUpI rasa- grahaNa karane tathA rASTrameM zAntirUpI phara paidA karane meM asamartha hojAtI hai / isa prakAra kI rAjyasaMsthA azAntirUpI viSailA phala utpanna karanevAlA viSa- vRkSa banajAtI hai / isa viSa-vRkSakA mUla dezadrohI rAjyAdhikAriyoM ke svArtha-malina hRdayoM meM rahatA hai / yadi rASTrameMse isa prakArake viSavRkSoMkA mUla naSTa karanA ho to dezadrohI rAjyAdhikAriyoMko apane hRdayakA svArtharUpI mala tyAgane ke liye vivaza karanA hI paDegA / dezake vicArazIla logoMko isa viSa-vRkSa ke mUlako pahacAnakara usake Upara prajAzaktikI sAmUhika kalyANa-bhAvanAkA kuThAra calAkara use dhvasta karaDAlanA cAhiye / athavA - AjJA denA aura use palavAkara choDanA aizvaryakA phala # jisakI AjJA zirodhArya tathA mAnya hotI hai usIkA aizvayaM surakSita rahatA hai| jisakI bhAjJA upekSita hojAtI hai usakA aizvarya niSphala hotA hai / Page #219 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi avandhya kopasya vihanturApadAM bhavanti vazyAH svayameva dehinaH / amarSazUnyena janasya jantunA na jAtahArdena na vidviSAdaraH // saMsAra ke loga apane kopako niSphala na jAne dene tathA ApattiyoM kA sira 'kucala DAlanevAleke basameM apane bApa AjAte haiM / mitra yA zatru koI bhI amarSazUnya mAnavakA Adara nahIM karatA / ( mUDhoM kA dAnakleza ) dAtavyamapi bAlizaH klezena paridAsyati // 212 // mUDha mAnava dAtavya vastuko bhI bAhya prabhAva se detA hai / vivaraNa- mUDha mAnava denA manameM socakara bhI tathA vANIse denA svIkAra karake bhI bure DhaMgase, baDe kaSTase saMdidAna cittase tathA svArthabuddhi se detA hai / vaha saralatA, namratA tathA kartavya - buddhise detA hI nahIM / pAThAntara- dAtavyamiti ...... 1 mUDha mAnava denA kartavya honepara bhI klezase detA hai / -192 - yaha samasta saMsAra dAnake hI mAhAtmyase cala rahA hai / yaha sRSTi vidhAtAke AtmadAna se hI to saprANa horahI hai / mAtApitAke AtmadAna se mAnavakA bharaNa-poSaNa hotA hai / ve santAnapAlanameM AtmadAna kiye rahate hai / samAjake AtmadAnase samAja kalyANakAriNI saMsthAoM tathA vipadgrasta vyaktiyoM ke bharaNa-poSaNa hote haiM / yadi mAnavako sAmAjika sahAyatA milanI banda hojAya to usakI jIvana-yAtrAmeM pada-padapara vighna bhAkhaDe hoM / jaisA samAja hotA hai usI prakArakA sahayoga prApta hotA hai / samAjake bure-bhale honepara hI manuSyako bhale-bure sahayoga milate haiM / samAjake sAtha vyaktikA jIvana-maraNakA akATya, abhedya, acchaMya sambandha hai / isa dRSTi se apane samAja meM manuSyatA ke saMrakSaka sadguNoMkI vRddhike liye apane upArjanakA kucha bhAga anivArya rUpase dAna karanA manuSyakA paropakAra nahIM kintu svahitakArI kartavya hai / gItAke zabdoM meM bhuMjate te svayaM pApA ye pacantyAtmakAraNAt / Page #220 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aizvarya nahIM bacA sakatA 193 jo loga samAja-kalyANameM apanA bhAga na dekara kevala vyaktigata bhAva. zyakatA pUrNa karane meM hI apanI samasta upArjana-zakti vyaya karaDAlate haiM ve * pApojI' haiM / tAtparya yaha hai ki manuSyako sAmAjika sahayogake mahasvako jAnakara prasannatA aura garvAnubhUtike sAtha samAja-kalyANameM dAna karate rahanA caahiye| samAjake kalyANameM apanA kalyANa samajhanevAlA rASTrasevaka bananA mAnavamAtrakA kartavya hai / isa kartavyako samajhanevAlA to ise prema (arthAt svecchA ) se karatA hai. parantu svArthI manuSyako to dabAvameM lAkara hI kartavya karaneke liye vivaza kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakArake mUrkha loga samAjakI zAntimeM sahayoga denekA kartavya svecchAse nahIM karate / ina logoMpara rAjya saMsthAke dvArA samAjakI zAnti meM sahayoga denekA dabAva DAlA jA sakatA hai| rAjyasaMsthA bhI prajApara samAjakI zAntimeM sahayoga denekA dabAva taba hI DAlatI hai, jaba rASTra sajaga ho aura apanI rAjyasaMsthApara aisA karane kA dabAva DAlane ke liye sannaddha ho / rAjyasaMsthA taba hI zaktimatI tathA kartavya-parAyaNa hotI hai, jaba usakA nirmAtA rASTa zaktimAna ho| rASTrakA zaktimAna honA to rAjya saMsthAke zaktimAna honekA kAraNa aura rAjyasaMsthAkA zaktimatI honA samAjako zaktimAna banAye rakhanevAlA kAraNa hotA hai / rASTra no rAjyasaMsthAle bala pAtA hai aura rAjya saMsthA rASTra se anu. prANita hotI rahatI hai / rASTra aura rAjya saMsthA donoM paraspara bhavita hokara rASTrako sAkAra svarga banA dete haiM / rASTra tathA rAjyasaMsthA donoM eka dUsarepara Azrita aura donoM eka dUsare ke sahAyaka ho taba hI pArasparika davAvase sanmArgarama raha sakate haiM / isa dRSTi se rAjya saMsthA samAja ke sacce hitaiSI sevakoM ko hI sthAna mila sakane kI sudRDha vyavasthA rahanI cAhiye / ___ . ( baDasa vaDa! aizvarya asaMyamIko nahIM bacA sakatA ) mahadai varSa prApyApyadhRtimAn vinazyati // 213 // avivekI loga rAjyaizvaya pAkara bhI naSTa ho jAte haiN| 13 (cANakya.) Page #221 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 194 cANakyasUtrANi vivaraNa- adhIra, masthira, asaMyamI manuSyako milA baDese baDA rAjyaizvayaM bhI usake vinAzake hI kAma mAtA hai / usake pAsa usake aizva. yakA sadupayoga karanevAlI ( arthAt samAja-kalyANake dvArA apanA saccA kalyANa karanevAlI) dhIratA, sthiratA, saMyama tathA dAnazIlatA nahIM hotii| ina guNoM ke abhAvameM usake pAsa bhAI saMpatti durupayukta hokara usIke vinAzakA kAraNa banajAtI hai| yahaoNpara ti zabda mAnavocita samasta guNoMkA upalakSaNa hai| caritra, suzikSA, dAkSiNya tathA vaiduSya na honepara manuSyakI yahI durdazA hotI hai| vaha manuSyatAse girakara dezadrohI bana jAtA hai / dezakI dRSTi meM avAMchanIya banajAnA hI usakA vinAza hai / dhIratA, viveka aura saMyamavAle puruSake pAsa bAI saMpatti usakI dRDhatAke kAraNa sadupayogameM bhAtI rahakara usakI manuSyatAko surakSita rakhaneke kAma mAtI rahatI hai| saMpattikA svabhAva hI aisA hai ki yaha jisa gharameM ghusatI hai yadi usa gharameM viveka na ho to usake guNoMkA sarvanAza kiye binA, usa gharase nahIM ttltii| saMpattiviSayaka mAmila lASAoMparase niyaMtraNa uTha jAne se hI saMsArameMse manuSyatAkA hrAsa hotA jArahA hai| adhIra mAnavakI saMpatti usake vinAzake hI kAma mAtI hai / adhIra mAnava saMpatti ke sadupayogakI kalA jAnatA hI nahIM / saMpatti, dhairya aura vivekase ho surakSita aura sadupayukta hosakatI hai| virodhI avasthAko parAbhUta karake vijayI bane rahanA dhIraja hai| apane lakSyapara sthira rahanerUpI AtmavizvAsakI avasthAkA nAma dhIraja hai / satyapara supra. tiSThita rahakara usake balase asatyakI upekSA karate rahanA dhIraja hai| vipadantA hyviniitsNpdH|| avinIta arthAt satyakA netRtva svIkAra na karanevAle mAnavakA aizvarya sase antameM vipadyasta kara detA hai / pAThAntara- mahadaizvaryamavApyApyadhRtimAn vinazyati / Page #222 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kSudra sadA tyAjya 195 ( adhika sUtra) dhRtyA jayati rogAn / dhRtise ( arthAt mana, prANa tathA indriyoMko vazameM rakhanese) rogoMpara vijaya pAyA jAsakatA haiN| vivaraNa- manuSya tise rogoMko jItaletA hai| kAma-krodhAdi kupravRtti manuSyake mAnasika roga haiM / tridoSoMkI vikRti zArIrika roga haiN| manako sadA kAmAdi ripuSoM ke mAkramaNase aprabhAvita rakhanevAlA satyaniSTha karmavIra svabhAvase hI apane dehako rogAkramaNake kAraNoMse mukta rakhakara sarvAvasthAmeM utsAhI kartavyazIla banA rahatA hai / ___ nAstyadhRtehikAmuSmikam // 214 // adhIrakA vartamAna aura bhAvI donoM sukhahIna ( duHkhamaya )ho jAte haiN| dhIraja na honese karmakA sAmarthya naSTa hojAtA aura phala aprApta rahajAtA hai| saphalatA pAneke liye dhIratAkI paramAvazyakatA hai| vivaraNa- apane manapara kAmAdi ripuoM kA AkramaNa hone denevAlA asatyakA dAsa mAnava vartamAna kSaNameM kukarmAsakta duHkhI rahakara, apane bhUtako bhI sukhavihIna siddha karadetA aura bhAvIko bhI sukhase vaMcita banADAlatA hai| vaha apane bhUtako to pazcAttApakA kAraNa aura bhAvIko nairAzyamaya banAye rakhatA hai| (kSudra sadA tyAjya ) ( adhika sUtra ) guNavAnapi kSudrapakSastyajyate / asatyake premI nIca loga guNavAna dIkhanepara bhI tyAjya hote haiN| vivaraNa- zikSA, ziSTatA, saujanya tathA saMpattise yukta bhI nIcapakSa isaliye tyAga diyA jAtA hai ki usa pakSameM milanA vAstava meM satyakA hI Page #223 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 196 cANakyasUtrANi drohI honA hai / vadhya - ghAtaka saMbaMdha rakhanevAle satyAsatyoMkA sahavAsa asaMbhava hai / nIcoMkI ziSTatA saujanya saMpatti Adi guNa para-vaMcanake duSTa upAya. mAtra hote haiM / nIcoMke guNa corake bhoThe rAmanAmI dupaTToMke samAna nIca kArmo meM hI upayukta hote haiM / isaliye rAjyavyavasthAko dhoke meM Akara kapaTaziSTAcArI pApAcAriyoMko apanI mahattvapUrNa rASTrasevAmeM sammilita karake lakSyabhraSTa na honA cAhiye / ( saMsarga ke ayogya ) durjanaiH saha saMsargaH kartavyaH // 215 // buddhimAna logoMko duSTa ( hIna, nIca tathA krUra ) logoM se ghaniSThatA nahIM rakhanI cAhiye / adhamAMstu na seveta ya icched bhUtimAtmanaH / ( vidura ) kalyANArthI loga adhama koTike logoMke sAtha na raheM / ( duSToM ke guNa bhI doSa ) zauNDahastagataM payo'pyavamanyeta / / 216 // madyapake hAthake dUdhako bhI madyake samAna hI tyAjya mAnanA cAhiye / vivaraNa - madAndhoMkI kRpA bhI bhayaMkara aura tyAjya mAnI jAnI cAhiye / duSToMke dikhAvaTI guNa bhI doSa hI hote haiN| aisoMke sAtha ghaniSThatA anarthotpAdaka hotI hai / unake guNoMse kRpAnvita honekI bhUla kabhI na karanI cAhiye / duSToMkI kRpAmeM bhI vinAzake viSaile bIja chipe rahate haiM / avyavasthitacitta prasAdo'pi bhayaMkaraH / avyavasthita manavAloMkI to kRpA bhI vinAzaka hotI hai / ( sacI buddhi ) kAryasaMkaTeSvarthavyavasAyinI buddhiH || 217 // kArya-saMkaTameM arthAt ( kartavya meM vighna upasthita honepara ) Page #224 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mata bhojanakA pariNAma nizcita saphalatA denevAlA kartavyakA mArga sujhA denA buddhikA hI kAma hai / vivaraNa- kArya-saMkaTa ke samaya kartavyAkartavyakA nirNaya karAdenevAlI asandehAtmikA buddhi ho buddhi kahAne yogya hai / saMkaTameM manuSyakA buddhibhraMza na hojAnA cAhiye / buddhikA vizeSa upayoga saMkaTa- kAlameM hI hotA hai / saMkaTa hI buddhiko upayogake avasara dete haiM / isa dRSTise saMkaToMkA mAnava-jIvana ke utthAna meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / itihAsa ke samasta baDe mAnava saMkaToMhIkI kRpA ke phala the / yadi unake jIvana meM saMkaTa na Aye hote, yadi ve yahA~ se saMkaTa-dIna jIvana bitAkara cale gaye hote, to saMsAra unake gupta guNoM se paricita na hopAtA aura unakI buddhikI prakharatA tathA tejasvitA se koI zikSA bhI na lepAtA / saMsArako mahApuruSa dene tathA unase paricita karAnevAle saMkaToMko lAkha vAra dhanyavAda / saMkaTa isa vizvakI sabase U~cI dena hai | saMkaTa mAnava-jIvanako ucca banAnevAlI rAmabANa mahauSadha hai / 197 rAjyAdhikAriyoMko kArya-saMkaToMke samaya, saMkaTa- kAlameM bhI yathArtha bAta sujhAnevAlI buddhi rakhanevAle rASTrake buddhimAna logoM ko nimaMtrita karake unase saMvAda dvArA tAtkAlika rASTrIya kartavya nirdhAraNa karanA cAhiye | (mita bhojanakA pariNAma ) mitabhojanaM svAsthyam // 298 // parimita bhojana svAsthyadAyaka hotA hai / vivaraNa - bhojana karanevAle jAneM ki ve bhojana karanevAle nahIM haiM, kintu udarakI bhAga hI bhojana karanevAlI hai / yaha mAnava-deharUpI yaMtra bhanna jalarUpa Indhana se calatA hai| bhojana hI isa yaMtra ko calAnevAlA Indhana hai / gale se nIce utarate hI usa svAdase, jisake liye manuSya asvAsthyakara kupathya bhojana karatA hai, manuSyakA koI saMbaMdha nahIM rhjaataa| isaliye bhojana kevala svAsthya kI dRSTise karanA cAhiye, kevala svAdakI dRSTise nahIM / Page #225 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 198 cANakyasUtrANi utanA hI lenA cAhiye jitanA zarIra-rakSAke liye mAvazyaka ho adhika nhiiN| manuSyako zarIra-rakSAke liye mAvazyaka hita, mita, medhya bhojana hI grahaNa karanA cAhiye / nirAmiSa bhojana AyuSkara tathA rogahAraka hai / yathe. cchAhArI bhogalolupa manuSya rogI hote haiN| aise bhoktAoMko lAkha vAra dhikkAra hai jo jihvAlolyase ahita aparimita tathA apavitra bhojana karate haiN| "ajIrNe bhojanaM viSam" prathama gRhIta bhojanakA paripAka na hocukanepara punaH bhojana gyAdhike utpAdanake dvArA viSake samAna prANahAraka hotA hai| bhojana sAmiSa, nirAmiSa bhedase do prakArakA hotA hai / nirAmiSa bhojana mAyuSkara tathA roganAzaka hotA hai / sAmiSa bhojana balavardhaka honepara bhI mAmiSavAle prANIke rogoMse dUSita honeke kAraNa rogajanaka hotA hai| svAsthya hI bhojanakI anukUlatA pratikUlatAkI kasauTI hai| bhojana pAkasthaloke sAmarthya ke anusAra hone para hI zarIrake liye pauSTika hosakatA hai| zarIrakI AvazyakatA pUrA karanA pAkasthalIkA kAma hai / bhojana karanevAlA manuSya cakSu, nAsikA tathA jihvAke anumodanase bhojana grahaNa karatA hai / aparimita bhojanapara niyaMtraNa taba hI raha sakatA hai, jaba cakSu, nAsikA tathA jihvAke anumodanapara svAsthyavijJAnakA zAsana rahe / svAsthyavijJAnakA zAsana na rahe to aparimita bhojana zarIrakA ghAtaka tathA korasAhakA nAzaka hojAtA hai| AvazyakatA ho bhojanakA parimANa hai| parimita bhojana hI amRta hotA hai / aparimita bhojana viSa ke samAna maniSTakArI hotA hai| manuSya bhojana grahaNameM svAdendriyakA dAsa na bane, kintu svAdendriyako hI svAsthyakI anukUlatA tathA pathyApathya nirNaya karanevAlI vicArazaktikA dAsa banAkara rakkhe / manuSya ke saMpUrNa jIvanapara vicArazaktikA prabhutva hone. para hI usake zarIra aura mana donoMko kartavyAbhimukha rakkhA jAsakatA aura unheM akartavyoMse rokA jaasktaa| vicArazakti manuSyako kartavyAbhimukha rakhakara use jIvanasaMgrAmameM vijayI banAye rakhatI hai / jo asaMyatabhojI bhojana grahaNa karane meM kartavyabhraSTa hotA hai usakA apane saMpUrNa jIvanameM Page #226 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ "nIroga rahanekA upAya 199 pratyeka kartavya meM kartavyabhraSTa honA avazyaMbhAvI hotA hai / apanI zarIra-rakSA tathA bAhya bhautika paristhiti donoMmeM kartavyazIla bane rahanA kartavyanizcAyikA buddhi ke hI antargata hai / hitaM mitaM medhyaM cAznIyAt / bhojana hita, mita tathA medhya honepara hI svAsthya ke liye lAbhaprada hotA hai / pAThAntara - mitabhojanaH syAdasvasthaH / yadi manuSya asvastha ho to vaha svAsthyake punaruddhAra ke anukUla bhojana kare | mita bhojana yA abhojana hI pazuoMko prakRtimAtAkA sikhAyA huA Ayurveda hai| rogI kI pAkasthalI svastha ke samAna pacAne meM asamartha hojAtI hai / usa daza meM svastha vyaktikA bhojana bhI rogI ke liye aparimita hone se rogavardhaka banakara viSavat tyAjya hotA hai / pathyamapyapathyAjIrNe nAznIyAt / / 219 / / apathya ke kAraNa ajIrNa hogayA ho to pathyako bhI tyAga denA cAhiye / vivaraNa- rugNa pAkasthalIko, bhojana pacAneke sAmarthyakA punaruddhAra karane kA avasara deneke liye pathyako bhI tyAgakara ( arthAt upavAsa karake ) vizrAma denA lAbhadAyaka hotA hai / ( adhika sUtra ) bhakSyamapyapazyaM nAznIyAt / rugNAvasthA meM svAbhAvika khAdyake bhI apathya hojAnepara use na khAnA cAhiye / ( nIroga rahanekA upAya ) jIrNabhojinaM vyAdhirnopasarpati / / 220 // vyAdhi jIrNabhojake pAsa nahIM phaTakatI / Page #227 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 200 cANakyasUtrANi manuSya vivaraNa - kSudhA ke uddIpta honepara hI bhojana karanevAlA jIrNabhojI kahatA hai| bhojana peTakI AgakI mA~ga honepara hI karanA cAhiye, jihvAkI mA~ga se nahIM / bhojanake niyatakAlase pahale bhojana na karanA cAhiye / yaha svabhAva rogajanaka hai / Ayurveda meM kahA hai --- jIrNe tu bhojanaM kuryAnnAjIrNe tu kathaMcana / apakkabhojinaM vyAdhiH samAkAmati nizcitam // svastha rahanekA icchuka pUrva bhojana ke jIrNa hocukane para hI bhojana kare apakva bhojIpara vyAdhiyoM kA AkramaNa nizcita rUpameM hotA hai / Ayurvedokta paddhati se bhojana meM Rtuke anusAra parivartana karate rahakara jIrNabhojI bane rahanA cAhiye / akAlameM bhojana bhI tyAganA cAhiye aprAptakAle bhuMjAno'pyasamarthatanurnaraH tAMstAn vyAdhInavApnoti maraNaM cAdhigacchati // 11 bhojanakA niyatakAla bhAnese pahale bhojana karanevAlA manuSya nirbala hojAtA hai / use ziroroga Adi vyAdhi AgheratI haiM aura ve bar3hatIbar3hatI mautakA kAraNa banajAtI haiM / udgArazuddhirutsAho vegotsargo yathocitaH / laghutA kSutpipAsA ca yadA kAlaH sa bhojane // PO kSutsaMbhavati pakveSu rasadopamaleSu ca / kAle vA yadi vA'kAle so'nnakAla udAhRtaH // rasadoSamaloMkA paripAka hocukanepara samaya yA asamaya jaba kabhI bhUkha lage vahI anna- bhojanakA yogya kAla hai / udgAra ( DakAra ) ThIka Ane lagI ho, utsAha ho, malamUtrakA yathocita rissaraNa hocukA ho, zarIra meM laghutA ( halakApana ) ho, bhUkha-pyAsa ho ye saba bhojanakAla arthAt rasAdike paripAkake lakSaNa Ayurveda meM varNita haiM / Page #228 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ ajIrNa meM bhojanakI hAni 201 (vArdhakyameM vyAdhiko upekSA akartavya ) jIrNazarIre vardhamAna vyAdhi nopekSyeta / / 221 // rugNa, vRddha, rogajIrNa, nibala dehameM baDhatI vyAdhikI upekSA na kre| vivaraNa- dehameM vyAdhi utpanna hojAnA hI zarIrako jIrNatA hai| manuSya vyAdhikI upekSA karake kupathya arthAt viparIta AhAra-vihArase vyAdhiko baDhanekA avasara na de / rogako nirmUla karaDAlanA hI rugNa manu. jyakA tAtkAlika kartavya hai / bAlasya meM bhAkara vyAdhiko tuccha mAnakara upekSA karanA hitAvaha nahIM hai| dhAtuvaiSamyase utpanna huI avasthA 'vyAdhi' kahAtI hai| yaha deha satyadarzana, jJAnalAbha tathA saccA Ananda pAnekA sAdhana hai| yaha deha saMsAra-sAgara pAra karanekI choTosI bhidyamAna kSaNika naukA hai| isake dvArA manuSya ko asatya, ajJAna aura AdhyAtmika, Adhi. daivika Adhibhautika duHkhasAgara pAra karanA hai| itane mahatvayukta sAdhana dehako karmakSama banAkara rakhanA mAnavakA pavitra kartavya hai| dhamathikAmamokSANAmArogyaM mUlamuttamam / rogAstasyApahartAraH zreyaso jIvitasya ca // Arogya hI dharma, artha, kAma tathA mokSarUpI cAroM puruSArthokA mUla hai| roga, manuSya ke bhArogya, kalyANa tathA jIvana tInoMkA apaharaNa karatA hai| isaliye pathyasevana tathA auSadhopacArase rogoM kA zamana karake dehako karmakSama banAye rakhane meM upekSA na karanI cAhiye / pAThAntara-zarIre vardhamAno vyAdhioMpekSyata / jIvanArthI loga zarIrameM vRddhi pAtI huI vyAdhikI upekSA na kreN| ( ajIrNameM bhojanakI hAni ) ajIrNe bhojanaM duHkham // 222 / / ajIrNameM bhojana grahaNa karanA pAkasthalIko anivArya rUpase rAgAkAnta aura duHkhI banADAlanA hai| Page #229 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 202 cANakyasUtrANi vivaraNa - ajIrNabhojana prANoMtakako lebaiThatA hai 1 AhAraH prINanaH sadyo balakRddehadhAraNaH / smRtyAyuH zaktivarNaijaH satvazobhAvivardhanaH // jIrNabhojana prasannatAjanaka, balavardhaka, dehadhAraka, smRti, Ayu, zakti, varNa, oja, satva tathA kAntiko baDhAnevAlA hai / pAThAntara- ajIrNe bhojanaM viSam / ajIrNa meM bhojana karanA viSatulya mAraka hojAtA hai / ( vyAdhikI hAnikArakatA ) zatrorapi viziSyate vyAdhiH / / 223 // vyAdhi zatru se bhI adhika hAnikAraka hotI hai / vivaraNa - vyAdhi zarIrapara AThoM pahara AkramaNa karanevAlI hone se mahAzatru hai / zatru to bAhara se Akara jIvana tathA jIvana-sAdhanoM para Akra maNa karatA hai / parantu vyAdhi dehastha hokara prANa, dhana, deva Adi sabakA saMhAra karaDAlatI hai / " mRtkalpA hi rogiNaH " rogI loga mRtatulya hote haiN| vRddha cANakya ne kahA hai- " na ca vyAdhisamo ripuH " vyAdhi - jaisA zatru nahIM hai / hita, parimita, medhya ( abhipara DAlanese durgandhi utpanna na karanevAlA ) tathA yathAkAla bhojana, snAna, jalapAna, indriyasaMyama, sadAcAra Adi svAsthya ke kAraNa haiM / ( dAnakI mAtrAkA AdhAra ) dAnaM nidhAnamanugAmi // 224 // dAna apanI ghanazakti ke anusAra honA cAhiye / vivaraNa - manuSya pArthiva dhana pAsa honemAtra se dAtA nahIM banajAtA | dayAlu hRdaya hI manuSyako dAtA banAnevAlA devI dhana hai / dAnapAtra sAmane jAnepara dAtAko apanA saMpUrNa hRdaya arthAt pUrA sahayoga deneke liye vivaza Page #230 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ .dAnakI mAtrAkA AdhAra 203 hokara dAnapAtrake prati mAtmasamarpaNa karadenA par3atA hai| usa samaya dAtAko apanI dhanazaktikA dAna meM upayoga karanA hI par3atA hai| usa samaya use apanI sImita dhanazaktimeM sImita rahakara dAna karanA par3atA hai / usa samaya vaha apanI sImita dhanazaktikA dAnameM jo upayoga karatA hai vaha hArdika hotA hai| sahAnubhUtisampalatA yA sahRdayatA hI manuSya kI dAnaprerakanidhi hai| sUtra kahanA cAhatA hai ki dAna bhaya, dabAva yA svArthase na hokara hArdikatAke sAtha ho isImeM mAnavakA kalyANa hai / ___ dAna manuSya kI bhAvanAtmaka nidhike manapAra honA caahiye| usase nyUna nahIM / manuSyakI bhAvanAnidhi dhanake yogya adhikArIko dekhate hI pasIja jAtI aura denekA saMkalpa karaletI hai / manuSyako usa dAna saMkalpake anusAra yogya pAtrako dAna karanA cAhiye / apane upajIvya samAjake abhyusthAnameM sahayoga karanA manuSyakA svahitakArI kartavya hai / manuSya dAnake yogya pAtroMko apane upajIvya samAjake abhAvagrasta aMgake rUpameM dekhe bhora svayaM usakI abhAvagrastatAmeM sammilita hokara unakA duHkha bAMTe / vaha usa duHkhake dUra karane meM apane saMpUrNa bhautika sAmathryako sauMpakara satyakI sevAkA mAnanda le / yahI dAnakA yathAtha rUpa hai| samasta saMsArake Izvara satya ke hAthoM meM AtmasamarpaNa karadenA hI dAna hai| yaha dAna koI durlabha dAna nahIM hai| koI bhI vivekI isa dAnameM azakta nahIM hosakatA / jo apaneko aise dAnameM asamartha dekhatA hai nizcaya hai ki vaha asatyakA dAsa hai / aisA manuSya dAna karatA dIkhane para bhI dAnI nahIM hotA / vaha apAtrako dhana dekara asatyakI hI dAsatA karatA hai| satyake hAthoM meM mAsmadAna krnevaal| dAnavIra Adarza mAnava apane ko kabhI bhI dAnanAmaka mAnavadharma pAlane meM asamartha nahIM paataa| usakI dAna-pravRtti satyakI sevA kadApi saMkucita nahIM hotii| vaha dAnake yogya pAtrake sAtha muktahasta hokara sahAnubhUti dikhAnemeM pIche nahIM rahatA aura satyake sAtha sammilita hone meM amRtAsvAda lekara kRtArtha hojAtA hai / Page #231 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 204 cANakyasUtrANi apane samAja ke abhyutthAna meM dAna karanA manuSya kA atyAvazyaka kartavya hai| dAna vardhiSNu vyakti yA samAjakI anivArya mAvazyakatA hai| dAna hI dAtAkA saMcita samara dhana hai / vaha saba samaya dAtAkA sAthI banA rahakara use dhanavAna banAye rakhatA hai| dAtAke liye daridratA nAmakI koI sthiti nahIM hai| manuke zabdoM meM-- "avandhyaM divasaM kuryAdAnAdhyayanakarmasu" manuSya apane jIvana ke kisI bhI dina ko (1) dAna, (2adhyayana tathA (3) mAnavocita kartavya-pAlana ke binA na bItane de| (anucita ghaniSThatA baDhAnabAloMse sAvadhAna raho) paTutare tRSNApare sulabhamatirUndhAnam // 225 // anucita catura lobhaparAyaNa vyakti meM anucita ghaniSThatA baDhAne kI pravRtti rahatI hai| vivaraNa-tika catura lobhaparAyaNa manuSya meM hI kimIme ati ghaniSThatA baDhAne kI pravRtti saMbhava hai| aise logoMki dhoke meM pAkara vizvAsa na karanA cAhiya / zaThatA, dhUrtatA, mAyA, kauTilka, anna aura chala se hI kisI naye manuSyase pratAraNAmayI dhaniSThatA baDhAI jAtI hai| ati cAlAka lomapaNa. yaNa loga pratAraka hote haiN| kisIkI atighaniSTatA baDhAnekI pravRttiko zaMkAkI dRSTi se dekhanA cAhiye / / (lonase hAni) tRSNayA matizchAdyate / / 2.6 / / lobha manuSyakI buddhiko DhakadetA hai| vivaraNa- lobhase manuSyakA buddhibhraMza hojAtA hai aura vaha usa saMbaMdhameM maucitya hitAhita yA kartavyAkartavya samajhanekI yogyatA rakho baiThatA hai| lobhena buddhizcalati, lobho janayate tRNam / tRSArto duHkhamApnoti paraha ca mAnavaH // Page #232 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kartavya chAMTane kA AdhAra lobhase manuSyakI buddhi vicalita hokara apane viveka-sthAna se bAhara nikalakara bhaTakane lagatI hai / lobha tRSA ( arthAt apane ucita adhikAra se adhika pAnekI pyAsa ) lagAdetA hai / tRSArtako vartamAna aura bhAvI donoM kAloM meM duHkha hI duHkha milatA hai / lobhI manuSya yathArthatA se alaga hokara A~dhIse ur3Aye patte ke samAna ur3A phirA karatA haiN| I 205 ( aneka kartavyoM meM se eka chAMTane kA AdhAra ) kAryabahutve bahuphalamAyatikaM kuryAt // 227 // manuSya eka sAtha aneka kArya upasthita honepara sabase adhika mahattvapUrNa sthAyI pariNAmavAlA karma kartavyarUpameM svIkAra kare / use karacukaneke pazcAt laghu tathA asthAyI mahattva rakhanevAle kAma kre| vivaraNa -- "sabase adhika mahattvapUrNa pariNAma " yaha zabda ulajhanavAlA zabda hai| isake artha meM aneka matabheda hai / parantu vAstava meM sabase adhika mahatvapUrNa pariNAma vahI hotA hai, jisakA adhika saMkhyAvAle logoMse nahIM kintu saMpUrNa manuSya-samAja ke sAtha saMbaMdha ho / jisa bAta kA saMbaMdha samasta manuSya-samAja kalyANake sAtha hotA hai usakA sthAyI honA bhI anivArya hotA hai | pathabhraSTa mAnava adhika se adhika saMkhyAvAle logoMka bhautika kalyANako khyaka bhautika kalyANakI apekSA adhika mahattva diyA karatA aura manuSya samAjake sArvajanika sthAyI kalyANake svarUpase aparicita rahakara usakI upekSA hI kiyA karatA hai | adhikase af saMkhyAvAle logoMka bhautika kalyANako mahatva denevAlA yaha siddhAnta jalpasake viruddha bahumatako prAdhAnya denevAlA honese " jisakI lAThI usakI bhaiMsa " ke siddhAntakA hI logoMko bhramameM DAlanevAlA bhASAstara hai| kyoMki samAja meM satyakA supratiSThita rahanA hI samAjakA saccA kalyANa hai tathA ekamAtra satya hI sthAyI nitya vastu isa saMsAra meM hai, ina Page #233 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 206 cANakyasUtrANi raSTiyoMse kartavyazIla vyakti sadA hI yaha samajhatA rahatA hai ki samagra mAnava-samAjake kalyANameM merA bhI kalyANa niHsaMdigdha rUpase vidyamAna hai| mArya cANakya isa sUtra meM kartavyAkartavyakI yaha kasauTI de rahe haiM ki manuSya apane kSudra vyaktigata kalyANako samasta manuSya-samAjake kalyANase pRthak na kare, apane kSudra mahaMkArako samAja meM vilIna karade aura samAjake kalyANameM hI apanA kalyANa samajhakara kartavya-nirNaya kiyA kare / Arya cANakyakI dRSTimeM pratyeka kSaNa isa mahatvapUrNa kartavyako karate rahanA hI kartavyazIla logoMke kartavyamaya jIvanakA svarUpa hotA hai| jIvana ke pratyeka kSaNa kartavya pAlanakA santoSa lete rahanA hI manuSyakA zAntipUrNa vijayI jIvana hai / manuSya apanI isa zaktiko kAmameM lAye yA na lAye, parantu isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki vaha apane manako pratyeka kSaNa zAnta rakhane meM ananta zaktimAna hai| manuSyako apanI zAntiko hI apane kartavyakI kasoTI banAnA cAhiye / apanI zAntiko hI kartavyakI kasauTI rakhakara kartavya-nirNaya karanevAle loga sAdhAraNa loga nahIM hote, ye loga vizva. vijayI hote haiM / isa prakArake vizvavijayI vIrakA mAnava-samAjakA saccA hitakArI sevaka honA anivArya hai| samAja-sevA hI mAnava-dharma hai| jo samAjameM manuSyatvako jAgrata rakhanA cAheM unake liye yaha anivArya rUpase Avazyaka hai ki ve apanI vyaktigata manuSyatAko svayaM apane hI meM jAgrata rakheM / isaliye rakheM ki manuSya svayaM hI samAja-nirmAtrI prAthamika ikAI hai| manuSya apane vive. kake sammukha samAjakI zAntiko surakSita rakhane ke liye uttaradAyI hai| kartavya kisI dabAvase nahIM kiyA jAtA kintu bhAtmasaMtoSake liye kiyA jAtA hai| apanI kartavyaniSThAkA pramANapatra apane hI antarAtmAse liyA jAtA hai, bAhara kisIse nhiiN| jo loga apane vicArakI hInatAse bAhya jagatase kartavyaniSThAkA pramANapatra lenA cAhate haiM, ve apanI saccI zaktiyoMko khodete haiM aura kartavyabhraSTa hojAte haiN| bAhya jagatse pramANapatra pAneke Page #234 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ "aneka kartavyoMmeMse AdhAra I icchuka yazolobhI loga apanI indriyoMke dAsa hote haiM / ajJAnI jagat bhautika sukhecchAoMkA dAsa hotA hai| bhautika sukhecchAoMke dAsa ajJAnI jagatkA bhautika sukha denekI bhAvanA se kartavyako apanAnA, samAjake bahusaMkhyakoMkI dRSTise adhika mahatvapUrNa honepara bhI sArvajanika rUpase kabhI bhI mahatvapUrNa nahIM hosakatA / isa dRSTile samAjake adhika se adhika logoMko adhika bhautika lAbha pahu~cAnekI bhAvanA hI bhramase bharI huI hai / usake mUla meM hI bhUla hai / manuSyako to, sabase adhika saMkhyAvAle ajJAniyoM kI cikI dAsatA karane kI durbhAvanA tyAga denI cAhiye aura saMpUrNa manuSyasamAjakA akSaya kalyANa karanekI kasauTI apanAnI cAhiye / manuSya ko cAhiye ki vaha saMpUrNa mAnava samAjakA akSaya kalyANa karanekI kasauTIko apanI sthAyI vyaktigata jitendriyatArUpI akSaya zAntimeM kendrIbhUta karake kartavya - nirNaya kiyA kare, taba hI usakA kartavya nirNaya abhrAnta ho sakatA hai / jitendriyatA yA niHsvArthatA ke AdhAra se kiye nirNayoMkA bahuphala tathA Ayatika honA anivArya hai, jaba ki bhogamUlaka, svArthamUlaka yA ajitendriyatAmUlaka nirNayakA alpaphalaka tathA AyatinAzaka honA anivArya hai / 207 manuSya bhautika lAbhake pIche kisI upadeza se nahIM calatA / mAnavakA lobha hI mAnavako bhautika lAbhake pIche bhaTakAtA hai| bhautika lAbhoMke pIche pIche mAre phiraneke liye upadezakI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / isa dRSTise adhika lAbhake pIche calanekA upadeza denA kauTalya jaise sthitaprajJa munike isa sUtra kA abhiprAya saMbhava nahIM hai / isa sUtra meM to samAjakI zAntiko hI bahuphala kahakara usako kartavya nirNaya ke lakSaNake rUpa meM rakkhA gayA hai / isameM to mImAMsA zAstravAlI parisaMkhyAvidhikA Azraya karake manuSya ke bahumukha dRSTikoNoM meM se samAjakA saccA kalyANa karanevAle dRSTikoNako apanAkara zeSa dRSTikoNoMko chor3aneke liye kahA gayA hai| 66 "" - pAThAntara - kAryabahutve bahuphalamAyatikaM vA kuryAt / eka sAtha aneka kArya upasthita honepara yA to tatkAla adhika bhautika phaLavAle yA bhAtrI meM nizcita phala denevAle karmako kartavya rUpa meM svIkAra kare / Page #235 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 208 cANakyasUtrANi yaha pATha nimna kAraNoMse asaMgata hai-do bhinna kartavya eka kSaNameM eka jaisA mahatva nahIM rakhasakate / kartavyazAstrakA yaha eka mahatvapUrNa siddhAnta hai ki pratyeka vartamAna kSaNameM eka hI kartavya yahacchAse mabhrAnta rItise manuSya ke sammukha upasthita hotA hai / kartavyazAstra ke isa mahatvapUrNa siddhAntako dhyAnameM rakhanese vartamAnake liye sabase adhika mahattvaparNa eka hI kartavya pUrNa svIkRtikA adhikArI banakara AtA hai| vaha apane kSetrameM dUsare kisI kartavyakA samAnAdhikAra kabhI svIkAra nahIM krsktaa| kartavyakA dRSTikoNa sandehayukta na hokara abhrAnta honA cAhiye / kartavyake isa sabhrAnta dRSTikoNake sammukha sandigdha kartavya svayaM hI akartavya rUpameM nirNIta hojAtA aura parityakta hone yogya banajAtA hai| kevala masaMdigdha kartavya hI kartavyarUpameM svIkRta hone yogya hotA hai / isa dRSTi meM "vA" vAlA pATha agrAhya hai| __(bigaDe karmakA svayaM nirIkSaNa ) svayamevAvaskanna kArya nirIkSeta // 228 // svayaM vigaDe yA dUsaroM ke vigADe kAmako (dUsaroMkI A~khoMse na dekhakara ) apanI hI A~khoMse dekhe aura use sudhaare| vivaraNa- jo kAma kisI vighna ke kAraNa pampanna na ho rahA ho, yA viphala ho rahA ho, use apanI hI A~khose dekhanA cAhiye / dUsaroM ke nirIkSaNa meM upekSAkA aMza honA atyadhika saMbhava hai / katavya kartAkA hArdika prema pAye binA pUrNa hotA hI nahIM / karmake pUNAMga hone ke liye use kAMke hArdika premake sparza kI anivArtha pAvazyakatA hotI hai| dUsare loga dUsaroM ke phartavyako apanA hatprema dene meM pramAda bhUla yA apAvadhAnI barate yaha nitAnta svAbhAvika hai| inake pramAdase kAma bigar3a jAtA hai jo bigaDa ho jAnA caahiye| parAye hAthoMse kAma bigaDanekA yahI kAraNa hotA hai ki use kartAkA hArdika prema prApta nahIM hotaa| isaliye jyoM hI tumhAre sAmane koI yama upasthita ho tyoM hI usake pUrNAMga hone kI svayaM vyavasthA kro| rAjA loga upasthita kauMko svayaM dekheM / Page #236 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhUkhoMse vAgyuddha akartavya 209 pAThAntara- svayamevAsanna ...... / adUravartI kAmoM kI dekhabhAla tathA unake pUrNAGga honekI vyavasthA svayaM karanI caahiye| ___ adhika mahatvavAle yA adhika phalavAle samIpavartI kAmoMke vyaktigata nirIkSaNase kartavyoM kA vyAvahArika jJAna prApta karake dUrastha karmacAriyoMke karmakI truTiko apane prajJAnetrase pahacAnanA tathA aparAdhI adhikAriyoMpara apane gaMbhIra paricayakA zAsana sthApita karanA sIkhanA cAhiye / svayaM kAmakA vyAvahArika jJAna na rakhanevAle loga kisIke kamakI truTi nahIM pakaDa sakate aura logoMse yathArtha kAma nahIM karA skte| karmakI susampannatAkA saMtoSa prApta karane ke liye vighna-saMkula kAmakA svayaM nirIkSaNa kare / sahaja-sAdhya karma to niyata karmacAriyoM ke dvArA ho hI jAte haiM / parantu rAjAloga duHsAdhya karmoMke saMbaMdhoM paranirbhara na rahakara svayaM nirIkSaNa karake usakI susampannatAke saMbaMdha nizcinta baneM / rAjAko kisI bhI paristhitimeM rAjakAryoMkI susampannatAke saMbaMdhameM aMdheremeM yA saMdigdha nahIM rahanA cAhiye / / (duHsAhasa mUkhekA svabhAva ) mUrkheSu sAhasaM niyatam // 229 // nRzaMsa AkramaNa, abhadra vyavahAra, abuddhipUrvakAritA yA duHsAhasa mUDhekA svabhAva hotA hai| vivaraNa- mUrkha sadA abuddhipUrvakArI apariNAmadarzI tathA duHsAhasI hote haiN| (mUoMse vAgyuddha akartavya) mUrkheSu vivAdo na kartavyaH // 230 // hitAhitaucitAnucitavicArazUnya vivekahIna mukhauke sAtha vAgyuddha na ( karake unake duHsAhasako ucita vyavahArase tatkSaNa damana ) karanA caahiye| 14 (cANakya.) Page #237 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 210 cANakyasUtrANi vivaraNa- mUrkha loga sadvacana subhASita tathA dvitabhASaNako pratikUla mAnA karate haiN| bAtoMse unakA duHsAhasa baDha jAtA hai| inase vivAda karake inheM kisI satya siddhAntapara mArUDha nahIM kiyA jaasktaa| ye sadupadeTAkI avahelanA kiyA karate haiN| bAtoMse inakA duHsAhasa nahIM baDhAnA caahiye| (duSToMko balase samajhAnA saMbhava ) mUrkheSu mUrkhavat kathayet // 231 // mUose sajanatAkA vyavahAra na (karake unake sAtha unakI samajhameM AnevAlI daNDakI bhASAmeM vyavahAra ) karanA caahiye| vivaraNa- jise jo bAta yA jo DhaMga bodhagamya yA abhyasta ho, usase usI DhaMgameM bAta karanI cAhiye / jaise bhaiMsa kevala DaMDekI bhASA pahacAnatI hai, isI prakAra mUrkha loga sajjanatAkI kisI bAtako nahIM samajhate / ve kevala daNDakI bhASA pahacAnate haiN| unase unakI prahaNazaktikI yogyatAke viparIta udAra bhASAmeM vyavahAra nahIM karanA cAhiye / athavA- mUrkhako mUrkhatA rokanekA upadeza na dekara usase aisA bartAva karo jisase vaha svayaM apanI mUDhatAkA duSpariNAma bhoga sake (daNDa pA sake ) aura bhAgeke liye anubhava prApta kara ske| koI zrotA hRdayakA pUrNa vikAsa ho jAnekI sthitimeM jisa bAtako samajha sakatA hai, vahI bAta hRdayakI maSikasita sthitimeM dUsare zrotAke liye ayodhya honeke kAraNa tyAjya hojAtI hai| hRdayakA vikAsa yathocita kAlakI pratIkSA kiyA karatA hai| usa kAla meM jina mabhijJatAoMkI atyAvazyakatA hotI hai unheM vAkyamAtrase kisIkI buddhikA gocara nahIM kiyA jaasktaa| isa dRSTi se bharasikake sAmane rasa-nivedanake samAna avikasita hRdayavAloMko vikasitahRdayagrAhya bAteM batAnA apAtra mUDhako supAtra samajhanekI bhrAnti hai / vacanakA zaktizAlI vIryavAna honA taba hI saMbhava hai jaba ki vaktA vacanaprayogameM kisI prakArakI bhUla na kara rahA ho / yadi vaktA vacana-prayogameM mabhrAnta na hogA to vacanakA vyarthabhralApa hojAnA bhanivArya hai / Page #238 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ duSToMko balase samajhAnA saMbhava 211 athavA- avikasita hRdayavAloM tathA pAtityapremiyoM ke sAtha unakI bhavikasita tathA nikRSTa buddhiko dhyAnameM rakhakara bAteM karanI cAhiye / mUrkha zabda avikasitahadaya tathA patitahRdaya donoMkA hI vAcaka hai| ve hitakArI aura sUkSma bAta nahIM samajhate / patitahRdaya logoMse hitakArI bAta kahanA vyartha hotA hai| avikasita hRdayavAloMse sUkSma bAteM kahanA vyartha ho jAtA hai / unake sAtha gahana viSayoM kI carcA na karake khAnepIne bhAdi sAdhAraNa vyavahArakI bAteM karake upasthita ziSTAcArake kartavyako samApta kara denA caahiye| AyasairAyasaM chedyam // 232 // jaise loheko lohoMse hI kATA jAtA hai, isI prakAra patita hRdayavAle haThIle nIca mUrkhako hitopadeza dekara anukUla banA. nekI bhrAnti na karake use usakA jI toDa sakanevAle kaThora zArIrika daNDoMse parAbhUta karanA caahiye| vivaraNa- pratipakSIke dambhako cUrNa karanevAlI adhika dAmbhikatA tathA kaThoratAko kAmameM lAkara hI usase vyavahAra karanA cAhiye / usake sAtha namratA aura udAratA donoM hI hAnikAraka hotI hai / mUkhoM ke sAtha namra hojAnA to duSpariNAmI hai aura unake prati udAratA dikhAnA vyartha prayatna hai| pAThAnsara- AyasairAyasaH chedyaH / pAThAntara- AyAsairAyasaM chedyam / jaise svabhAva se kaThina lohekA chedana kaThina zramose hI saMbhava hai, isI prakAra jitanA hI kaThina kArya ho utane hI kaThora upAyoMse kAma lenA caahiye| zramasAdhya kArya zramase hI saMbhava hote haiN| upAya kAryoMkI sthitipara nirbhara hote haiM / laghu kArya laghu upAyoMse tathA bRhat kArya bRhat upAryose saMbhava hote haiN| Page #239 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 212 cANakyasatrANi ( mUlke sacce mitra nahIM hote ) nAstyardhAmataH sakhA / / 233 // mUrkhako bandhu milanA saMbhava nahIM hai / vivaraNa-bandhusvakA bandhana to satyaniSThAmeM hI rahatA hai / mUkhIkA saMbaMdha svArthamalaka (arthAt pArasparika mAkheTamUlaka ) hotA hai| mauke pArasparika sahayogoMke bhItara zatrutA hI chipI-chipI kAma karatI rahatI hai / ve eka dUsareke sAtha sahayogakA jo saMbaMdha rakhate dikhAI dete haiM, vaha saMbaMdha unakI pArasparika luNThanapravRttimUlaka zatrutA hI hotA hai| ve eka dUsareke zatru hote hue bhI apanI bhrAnta buddhise eka dUsareko mitra kahA karate haiN| buddhimAnoMke pArasparika saMbaMdha svArthamUlaka nahIM hote / yahI unakI vaha vyavahAra-kuzalatA hai jisase unake sAtha logoM kI sudRDha mitratA sthApita ho jAtI hai / niHsvArthatA hI samAja-saMgaThanameM ekamAtra apekSita guNa hai / svArthI banakara samAjakA zatru banajAnA buddhihInatA hai / ( kartavya hI mAnavakA anupama mitra ) ( adhika sUtra ) nAsti dharmasamaH sakhA / saMsArameM manuSyakA dharma yA apane mAnavocita kartavyapAlanake samAna koI suhRd nahIM hai| vivaraNa- mAnavocita kartavya-pAlana hI manuSyakA saccA mitra hai| kartavya-pAlana karanevAle loga kartavyako hI apanA mitra banAlete haiN| kartavya. pAlanase saMsArameM manuSyake hRdayameM sAphalyamayI akhaMDa zAnti rahane lagatI bhaura jIvana-yAtrA paga-pagameM vijayI honekA saMtoSa detI rahatI hai| eka eva suhRddharmo nidhane'pyanuyAti yaH / zarIreNa samaM nAzaM sarvamanyatta gacchati // manuSya ke mara jAnepara bhI dharma nahIM mrtaa| zeSa saba padArtha zarIrake sAtha naSTa hojAte haiN| Page #240 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dharmakA mahatva 213 dhAraNAddharma ityAhuna lokacaritaM caret / ( mahAbhArata ) jagatko maryAdAmeM rakhanekA hetu dharma hai / manuSya dharmAnukUla AcaraNa kare / vaha kSudra manuSya ke samAna maryAdAkA bhaMga na kre| (dharmakA mahatva ) dharmeNa dhAryate lokaH // 234 // loka-vidhAraka satya rUpI mAnava-dharma hI mAnava-samAjakA saMrakSaka hai| vivaraNa- zreSTha karma karanA tathA bhazreSThase bacanA ye do dharmake baDe bheda haiN| dhArmika manuSyako kartavya karane par3ate haiM aura akartavya tyAganA usakA svabhAva hojAtA hai| dharmo vizvasya jagataH pratiSThA ( veda ) pravRtti-nivRtti rUpI dharma hI saMpUrNa mAnava-samAjakA dhAraka mAdhAra hai / pretamapi dharmAdharmAvanugacchataH // 235 // dehIke dharmAdharma dehakA anta ho jAnepara bhI usake sAtha lage rahate haiN| vivaraNa- mAnava-jIvanakA anta ho jAnepara bhI usake dharmAdharma naSTa nahIM hojAte / mAnava-dehake vinAzI honepara bhI usakA dehI to avinAzI hI hai / deha manuSya kA vinAzI rUpa hai aura dehI usakA bhavi. nAzI amara rUpa hai| usakA yaha avinAzI rUpa jJAnI ajJAnI do rUpoM meM manuSya-samAjameM sadA jIvita rahatA hai| vaha dehake mara jAnepara bhI mAnava-samAjako dhAraNa kiye rahatA hai / eka calA jAtA hai dUsarA bhAjAvA hai / parantu mAnava-samAjakA dhAraka mAnava dharma-saMsArameM dharmAdharmakA saMgrAma karatA rahatA hai| vaha adharmase saMgrAma karake vijayI banA rahatA hai / yoM dhArmika loga mAnava-samAjake zAzvata saMrakSaka hote haiN| dharmakA syAga Page #241 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi karadenA apane avinAzI satyarUpase vyuta hokara ajJAnarUpI mRtyuko hI apanAnA hotA hai / isI prakAra dharmatyAgI mAnavakA pApa usake dehake naSTa hojAnepara bhI dina-rAta AThoM pahara samAjako adha:patita karane meM lagA rahatA hai / 214 yato'bhyudayaniHzreyasasiddhiH sa dharmaH / jisase mAnavakA aihika abhyudaya bhI ho aura sAtha hI usakA mAnasa utkarSa bhI ho vaha " dharma " hai / dharmake do mahatvapUrNa uttaradAyitva haiM / vaha manuSyako zrIsampanna bhI banAye aura usakI mAnavatAko bhI nirmala karatA calA jAya / jisa dharmase ye donoM pratibandha ( zarta ) pUre nahIM hote vaha dharmAbhAsa hai / dhRtiH kSamA damossteyaM zaucamindriyanigrahaH / dhIrvidyA satyamakrodho dazakaM dharmalakSaNam // dhIraja, kSamA, anuttejanA bhogecchApara niyantraNa, anadhikAra - saMgrahakA tyAga, zauca, indriyanigraha, Atmabodha, satya tathA akrodha ye dasa dharmake lakSaNa manu kaha gaye haiM / inhIM se saMsAra meM zAMti rahanI saMbhava hai / ( dharmakI mAtA ) dayA dharmasya janmabhUmiH // 236 // ( paraduHkha - kAtaratA yA sahAnubhUti rUpI ) dayA se dharmaniSThA paidA hotI hai / vivaraNa- dayA hI aihika abhyudaya aura mAnasa utkarSa paidA karanevAle dharmakI janmabhUmi hai / dayA rUpI janmabhUmi na ho to dharmotpatti asaMbhava hai| maitrI, karuNA, muditA, upekSA arthAt puNyAtmAoMse maitrI, dukhiyoMpara karuNA, sukhiyoMko dekhakara muditA, pApiyoMke prati ghRNA se citta-nairmalyakI abhivyakti hotI hai / nirmala cittameM hI dayA utpanna hotI hai / dayAlu cittameM hI kartavya pAlanakI bhAvanA hotI hai| satya-rakSA hI manuSyakA - Page #242 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ satya tathA dAnakI kasauTI 215 svadharma hai / satya hI manuSyakA svarUpa hai / satyase prema hI dayA hai / satyakA premI hRdaya svabhAvase sasyakA rakSaka hotA hai / yatnAdapi paraklezaM hartu yA hadi jaayte| icchA bhUmi surazreSTha sA dayA parikIrtitA // kRpA dayAnukampA ca karuNAnugrahastathA / hitecchA duHkhahAnecchA sA dayA kathyate budhaiH / / apahRtyArtimArtAnAM sukhaM ydupjaayte| tasya svargo'pavargo vA kalAM nArhanti SoDazIm // he brAhmaNazreSTha ! mAnava-hRdayameM yatna karake bhI para-kleza-haraNakI jo icchA paidA hotI hai vahI dayA kahalAtI hai / kRpA, dayA, manukampA, karuNA, anugraha, hitecchA tathA duHkhahAnecchAko buddhimAn loga dayA nAmase kahate haiM / dukhiyoMkA duHkha haTAkara manuSyako jo sarvabhUtAtmatAkA anupama sukha prApta hotA hai svarga yA apavargake sukha usa sukhake solahaveM bhAgakI bhI samatA nahIM kara skte| dharmAdapetaM yatkarma yadyapi syAnmahAphalam / na tatseveta medhAvI na hi taddhitamucyate // medhAvI manuSya mahAphaladAyI bhI dharmarahita kArya na kre| usameM manuvyako laMbI-cauDI Aya hotI dIkhanepara bhI usameM usakA nizcita bhakalyANa hotA hai ( manuSyatAkI rakSA hI satya aura dAnake ThIka hone kI kasauTI ) dharmamUle satyadAne // 237 / / dharma hI satya tathA dAna donoMkA mUla (janaka ) hai| vivaraNa- samAjameM manuSyatAko surakSita rakhanA hI sarvotkRSTa mAnavadharma hai / sasya isI dharmake pAlanase surakSita rahatA tathA dAna isI dharmake pAlanase sArthaka hotA hai / kisI bhI karmako kartavyarUpameM svIkAra karane meM Page #243 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 216 cANakyasUtrANi usa karmake saMbaMdha satyakI sevArUpI kartavya pAlanakA santoSa taba hI radda sakatA hai jaba ki vaha karma samAja ke liye kalyANakArI honekA pratibandha ( zarta ) pUrA karatA ho / yadi vaha karma samAja kalyANa nahIM karegA to vaha satya na kahAkara asatya kahA jAyagA / isIprakAra manuSya dAnake nAmase jo bhI kucha tyAga karegA vaha satyake hAthameM AtmadAnarUpI sacce dAnake nAmase taba hI sammAnita hosakegA, jaba ki vaha samAjameM manuSyatAko surakSita rakhane ke uddezya se samarpita kiyA gayA hogA / yadi vaha samAja meM manuSyatAkI rakSAkI dRSTise samarpita kiyA huA na hogA, to vaha dAna na kahalAkara kudAna kahA jAyagA / yahI satya tathA dAnakI dharmamUlakatAkA rahasya hai / - satyarakSA mAnavakA svadharma svIkRta hojAnepara satya svayameva svIkRta hojAtA hai / satyarakSA ke mAnava dharma svIkRta hojAnepara manuSyakI saMpUrNa bhautika saMpatti satyakI sevAmeM niyukta hokara anivArya rUpa se loka-kalyANarUpI dAnakA rUpa dhAraNa karaletI hai / ijyAdhyayanadAnAni dhRtiH satyaM tapaH kSamA / alobha iti mArgo'yaM dharmasyApravidhaH smRtaH // yajJa, adhyayana, dAna, dhRti, satya, tapa, kSamA tathA nirdobhitA yaha dharmakA aSTavidha mArga batAyA jAtA hai| samAja meM manuSyatAkI rakSArUpI dharmake mukhya uddezya ke upekSita honepara dharmake nAmase jo bhI kucha kiyA jAtA hai vaha asatyakI hI sevA hotI hai / ( manuSyatAko rakSArUpI kartavyapAlana vizvavijayakA sAdhana ) dharmeNa jayati lokAn // 238 // dharma-rakSA (satya-rakSA) mAnavako vizvavijetA banA detI haiN| vivaraNa- samAjameM manuSyatA ke saMrakSaka dhArmikoMkI jo niSThA aura kIrti hai vahI to una logoM kA vizvavijaya hai / asatyakA damana yA asatyakA Page #244 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pApa baDhanepara dharmakA apamAna 227 sira avanata karane kA sAmarthya hI dhArmikoMkA vizvavijaya hai / saba loga vizva. bharakI manuSyatAke pratinidhi jJAniyoMkA vizvAsa aura bhAdara karate haiN| yahI to unakA vizva vijaya hai| ve sainyasAmantoMse vizvavijaya na karake indriya. vijaya yA asatyadamanake dvArA hI vizvavijetA banate haiN| dharmeNa gamanamUrdhva gamanamadhastAd bhavatyadharmeNa / dharma ( arthAt mAnavocita kartavya-pAlana ) se manuSya kI Urdhvagati ( arthAt vizvavijaya ) aura adharmase adhogati ( arthAt asatyakI dAsatA yA manuSyatA-hInatA ) hotI hai / ( kartavyaniSTha mautase bhI nahIM maratA ) mRtyupi dharmiSThaM rakSati // 239 / / sarvasaMhArI mRtyu bhI dhArmikako isa saMsArase miTA ( bhulA) nahIM paatii| vivaraNa-- dharmiSThake nazvara dehakA anta ho jAnepara bhI usakA svarUpa avinAzI satya, usake jIvana-kAlameM tathA usake pazcAt usake samAjameM yA samAjarUpI jIvita jJAna-grantha meM eka jaisA samujjvala rahakara use amara banAye rahatA aura ananta kAlataka pathabhrAnta klAnta mAnava-samAjake mArgadIpakakA kAma karatA calA jAtA hai| pAThAntara- mRtyurapi dhArmikaM rakSati / ( manameM pApa baDhanepara dharmakA apamAna ) dharmAdviparItaM pApaM yatra prasajyate tatra dharmAvamatimahatI prasajyeta / / 240 // dharmadveSI pApa jahA~ kahIM prabala hojAtA yA sira uThA letA vahA~ dharmakA mahA apamAna hone lagatA hai| vivaraNa- dharmadvepI asura adharmake dvArA apane hI hArdika adhiSThAtR Page #245 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 218 cANakyasUtrANi devatA satyasvarUpakA apamAna karake mAsmahatyA nAmake aparAdhakA apa. rAdhI bana jAyA karatA hai / dharma-dveSa dharmakA kucha nahIM bigAratA / vaha to manuSyakI apanI hI pAsmahatyA hai| jaba taka manuSya apane antarAsmAkA nRzaMsa vadha nahIM karatA, taba taka dharma-dveSa kara hI nahIM sktaa| use dharmadveSa karanese pahale AtmahatyA karanI par3atI hai| dharmadveSI logoMkI jo mAramahatyAe~ haiM vahI to unakA dharmApamAna hai aura yaha unakA apanese hI apanI zatrutA hai| pAThAntara- dharmAdviparItaH pApaH / dharma arthAt mAnavocita kartavya-pAlanase viparIta kartavya-hInatAkI jo sthiti hai vahI to pApa hai| samAjameM manuSyatAke saMrakSaka mAnava-dharmako na apanAkara usase viparIta AcaraNa karane laganA hI pApa hai| athavA- dharma se viparIta bhAcaraNa karanevAlA manuSya pApa arthAt pApI hotA hai| aisA mAnava niyamase dharmavirodhI bhAcaraNa karatA hai / isa artha meM pApa karanevAlA pApa kahA gayA hai / isI arthameM pApaH yaha puliMga prayoga zuddha hotA hai| pApa zabda napuMsakaliMgakA hone se yaha artha vyAkaraNasaMgata hai| pAThAntara- yatra yatra prasajyate tatra tatra dhruvA smRtiH|| (dhruvA ratiH ) manuSya jisa kisI bhale-bure kAmameM laga jAtA hai use usI karmakI cirasthAyI smRti rahane lagatI, usake manameM usakI aTala chApa paDa jAtI yA use usI kAryake sampAdanakA naipuNya prApta hojAtA hai / zubha karmakI puNyasmRti tathA azubha karmakI pApasmRti Thahara jAtI hai| puNyasmRti ho to use sAdhuvAda tathA Ageko zubha karmakI preraNA detI rahatI hai| pApasmRti ho to use mana hI mana dhikkAratI, noca-nocakara khAtI aura bhAgeko bhI pApakoM meM hI pravRtta rakhatI hai| eka vAra kiyA humA Page #246 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ > nindita kAma mata karo 219 puNya, jIvanakA uddhAraka tathA eka vAra kiyA pApa, jIvanakA vinAzaka abhizApa banajAtA hai / yaha pATha aprAsaMgika hai / pAThAntara --- mahatI prasajyeta / ye tInoM pAThAntara prasaMgabAhya honese apapATha haiM / pratIta hotA hai 240 sUtra ke ye tIna sUtra bana gaye haiM / ( vyavahArakuzalatAhI buddhimattA hai ) ( adhika sUtra ) loke prazastaH sa matimAn // vyavahArameM kuzala hI vAstava meM buddhimAn hai / vivaraNa - avyavahArika kore siddhAntavAdI buddhimAn nahIM kahe jA sakate / avyavahArika kore siddhAntavAdI adhArmika loga udhArA rAmanAma ranevAle tathA billI ke ApakaDanepara TyAUM vyAUM karane laganevAle totoM ke samAna buddhihIna hote haiM / ( nindita kAma mata karo ) ( adhika sUtra ) sajjanagarhite na prasajyeta // kalyANArthI mAnava sAdhujana-garhita kAmoM meM pravRtta na ho / taba hI patanase baca sakatA hai / vivaraNa - garhita AcaraNase samAja meM durdRSTAnta upasthita hokara durnIti baDhatI aura upadrava khaDe ho jAte haiN| upasthitavinAzAnAM prakRtyAkAreNa lakSyate / / 241 // yaha pATha apapATha hai / pAThAntara- upasthitavinAzAnAM prakRtirAkAreNa lakSyate / vinAzonmukha asuroMkA satyadveSI AkAra ( AcaraNa) unake vinAza kI sUcanA diyA karatA hai / vinAzonmukha logoM ke AkAroM yA AcaraNoM meM vinAzake cinha aura bIja chipe rahate haiM / unakI AsurikatA, unake satyahIna vinazvara mriyamANa rUpako Page #247 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 220 cANakyasUtrANi anivArya rUpase prakaTa karadetI hai / isaliye manuSya apane karmameMse satya tathA dharmakI hAni na honekA pUrA dhyAna rakhe / pAThAntara- upasthitavinAzaH prakRtyAkAraNa kAryaNa lkssyte| upasthita padArthokA bhAvI yA vartamAna vinAza padArthoM ke vyApAroM, AkAroM tathA pariNAmoMko dekhakara samajhameM jAtA hai| ( vinAzake cinha ) AtmavinAzaM sUcayatyadharmabuddhiH // 242 / / vinAzonmukha mAnavakI satyadveSiNI adharmavuddhi ( adhArmika kAryomeM pravRtti ) usake AtmaghAtakI sUcanA detI hai| vivaraNa- apane satyasvarUpako tyAga denA hI unakA mAramavinAza yA AtmaghAta hai / sAdharmabuddhivAle mAnavakA bhAcaraNa kaha detA hai ki dekhalo logo meM naSTa hone jArahA huuN| adharmeNaidhate rAjan tato bhadrANi pazyati / tataH sapatnAn jayati samUlaM ca vinazyati // ( pizunako gupta bAta na batAo) / pizunavAdino rahasyam // 243 / / isa sUtrameM pramAdase ' na ' chUTa gayA hai / isakA artha isake pAThAntarameM dekhanA caahiye| pAThAntara- nAsti pizunavAdino rahasyam / pizunavAdIko batAyI gupta bAta gupta nahIM raha sktii| athavA- paranindaka ke pAsa rahasya nAmakI koI vastu nahIM hotii| paradoSAviSkArameM lage rahanA paranindakakA svabhAva hotA hai / vaha apane isa svabhAvase rahasya-rakSAkI kalA bhUlajAtA hai / vaha sUMgha-sUdhakara mAkheTa hU~DhanevAle kuttoMke samAna paradoSa DhUMDhatA rahatA hai| usake pAsa gopanIyatA nAmakI koI bAta nahIM rahatI / aisoMse gopanIya bAta na kahanI caahiye| Page #248 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pararahasya sunanA akartavya khaLa vyakti svabhAvase dUsaroMko hAni pahu~cAnekA avasara DhU~DhatA rahatA / vaha kAnoM meM dUsaroMkI gopanIya bAta Ate hI usake sahArese dUsaroMmeM bheda DAlakara use dUsaroMmeM jhagaDe puranekA sAdhana banAletA hai| kisI bhI prakArakI maMtraNA meM aise manuSyakA vizvAsa karake use apanA sahayogI nahIM banAnA cAhiye | 021 ( pararahasya sunanA akartavya ) pararahasyaM naiva zrotavyam // 244 // dUsaroMkI gupta bAta sunanekA akAraNa Agraha na honA cAhiye / vivaraNa - jaise parAye dhanakA lobha karanA apaharaNa ( corI ) pravRtti hai, isIprakAra dUsaroMkI gupta bAta ( arthAt jisa bAta se kevala unhIMke hAni-lAbhakA saMbaMdha ho aura apanA kartavyakA kucha bhI saMbaMdha na ho ) sunane kA Agraha honA vyaktigata dRSTise azAntacittatA tathA sAmAjika dRSTise caMcalatA ke rUpa meM nindita hai / isa Agrahako manameM sthAna na denA indriyasaMyama meM sammilita hai / asaMyata zrotA tathA vaktA donoM hI samAja meM heya banajAte haiN| aisI pravRtti ziSTAcAra virodhI AcaraNa honese sabhyasamAjameM nindita hotI hai / vairaniryAtana se saMbaMdha rakhanevAlI zatrukI gupta bAtoMkA paricaya prApta karanA, pratyeka manuSyakA kartavya hai / yadi koI isa kartavyako tyAga degaa| to use zatruko apanI hatyA karanese rokanekI sAvadhAnatA bhI tyAga denI paDegI / manuSya ko aisA asAvadhAna banAnA cANakya jaise satarka munike isa sUtra kA abhiprAya nahIM hosktaa| isakA ekamAtra abhiprAya yahI ho sakatA hai ki apane liye anAvazyaka honepara bhI dUsaroMkI gupta bAta kevala * apanA kautuhala haTAneke liye sunanekI icchA karanA tathA apane isa svabhAvake kAraNa phaile apayaza se samAjameM apane viruddha uttejanA phailAkara logoM kI meM apane Upara paracchidrAnveSI paizunyavAdI Adi ghRNAyogya kalaMka le lenA kevala apaneko nIcA karanA hI nahIM hai pratyuta saMkaTameM DAlanA bhI hai / apane se saMbaMdha na rakhanevAlI para-nindA sunanekA kautUila nirbuddhitA Page #249 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 222 cANakyasUtrANi mUlaka hotA hai / isa nirbuddhitAmUlaka kautUhalako saMyata rakhakara ziSTAcAra tathA surakSAke pratikUla AcaraNa karanese rokanA hI isa sUtrakA abhiprAya hai / sUtra kahanA cAhatA hai ki manuSya apane nirbuddhi tAmUlaka kautUhalako roke| vaha kutUhalAdhIna hokara ziSTAcAra tathA mAramasthitikI surakSAke pratikUla bhAcaraNa na kre| (rAjyasaMsthAkA naukarazAhI banajAnA pApamUlaka tathA pApajanaka ) vallabhasya kArakatvamadharmayuktam // 245 // svAmIke Upara muMhalage anucaroMkA Adhipatya adharmayukta ( adharmaprasAraka ) hotA hai| vivaraNa- svAmIke Upara anucaroMkA Adhipatya rASTrameM adharmayukta marthAt adharmaprasAraka hotA hai / isa prakArakI ghaTanA svAmIkI dharmapAlanakI ayogyatAke kAraNa hotI hai| rAjAke adharmAbhibhUta hojAnepara jaba usakA koI caritra nahIM rahatA, taba usake Upara anucaroMkA zAsana sthApita hojAtA hai / yA to rAjAkI apratibhA yA usakI viSaya-lolupatA, do kAraNoMse prabhutAlobhI bhRtyoMko adharmase rAjya lUTane kA avasara mila jAtA hai| isa sUtra meM ballabhakI kArakatAkA artha apane svAmIko apanI mAjJAmeM rakhanA hai / yaha rAjAkI aisI hIna sthiti hai jaisI ki adhyApaka vidyArthIko apanI icchAnusAra na calAkara vidyArthIke anusAra cala paDA ho / kArakatvakA artha kArayitRtvase hai / rAjAkA dhArmika honA anivArya rUpase mAvazyaka hai| dhArmika rAjA rASTrakI sabase baDI mAvazyakatA hai| rAjApara dharmakA hI bAdhipatya rahe isImeM rAjA prajA donoMkA kalyANa hai / usake Upara dharmAtirikta aura kisIkA bhI prabhAva honA kalyANakAraka nahIM hai| prajAkA kalyANa hI to rAjadharma hai / rAjyabharameM satyake prabhAvakA tapate rahanA hI to prajAkA kalyANa hai / jo rAjA apane Upara dharmake atirikta kisI bhI vyaktikA mAdhipatya svIkAra kiye hogA vaha nizritarUpase dharmabhraSTa hocukA hogaa| usake rAjya meM adharmakA nagna nRtya hone lagegA aura adharma apanA prabala bhAdhipatya jamA baitthegaa| rAjA apane Upara satyakI bhaTa la Page #250 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ naukarazAhI banajAnA pApamUlaka 223 prabhutA banAye rakhakara hI masatya-dalanakA vratI rahasakatA tathA apane rAjya meM satya yA manuSyatAke saMrakSaka dharmako jIvita banAye rakha sakatA hai| apane Upara adharmako pramukha sthApita karalenedenA rAjAkI nisteja sthiti hai| dharma hI to rAjAkA rAjyaizvarya hai / isase bhraSTa hojAnA to rAjya se hI bhraSTa honeke barAbara hai / dharmabhraSTa rAjA pApIhAyoMkI kaThaputalI banajAtA hai aura vAstavameM rAjyacyuta hocukA hotA hai| dharmabhraSTa rAjAkA prajApara koI prabhAva nahIM rhtaa| prajApara rAjAkA prabhAva na rahanA hI rAjAkI rAjyabhraSTatA hai| aisA rAjA hAthameM zAsanadaNDa dhAraNa kiye rahanepara bhI rAjyabhraSTa hotA hai| pAThAntara- vallabhasya kAtaratvamadharmayuktam / rAjAkI donatA adharmayukta hotI hai| rASTrarakSA nAmakA dhIra, vIra, gaMbhIra kartavya rakhanevAle svAmIkA dIna kAtara honA adharmayukta, bhayogyatAsUcaka, pApAnvita aura duSpariNAmI hotA hai| rAjAkA rAjyaizvaryazAlI tejasvI honA anivArya rUpase Avazyaka hai| rAjA to ho parantu usake pAsa aizvarya na ho, yaha kabhI saMbhava nahIM hai| rAjA bhI ho aura apaneko nirbala bhI samajhe, yaha usakI daNDa-dhAraNakI bhayogyatA hai| usakI yaha hInatA use daNDa-dhAraNameM asamartha banAkara daNDanIya pApiyoMkA duHsAhasa baDhAnevAlI banajAtI hai| rAjAkI isa hInatAkA pariNAma rAjyameM adharmakA abhyutthAna tathA dharmakI glAni karanevAlA banajAtA hai| nisteja rAjA anivArya rUpase pApoMko protsAhita karanevAlA hotA hai / tejasvitA hI rAjadharma hai| jisameM satya-rakSAke liye adamya utsAha hotA hai usakA utsAha pratikSaNa asatya-damanakA rUpa lekara kriyA. zIla rahatA hai / satya-rakSA tathA asatya-damana hI rAjAkI tejasvitA hai| isake viparIta satya-rakSAmeM zithilatA anivArya rUpase asatyakA duHsAisa baDhAnevAlI dInatA hai jo rAjAke liye bhayaMkara apazakuna hai| rAjya jaise dhIra vIra rASTrIya uttaradAyitvavAle karmoM meM dInatA yA kaatrt| Page #251 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi atyanta nindita manovRtti hai / rAjA yA rAyapuruSameM apane bhujabalase apane svAmitvakI rakSAkI pUrNa yogyatA aura adamya utsAha honA paramAvazyaka hai / zAsana kI muvyavasthA aura saccI zAnti donoM gaMbhIra uttaradAyitva hai aura mahatI vIratAke kAma haiM / ye koI nAnIjIke ghara nahIM hai / dhAddhi yuddhAcchreyo'nyatkSatriyasya na vidyate / (gItA ) rASTrarakSAkA vIratApUrNa kartavya rakhanevAle kSatriya ke liye, dharma-rakSArtha, asatya, adharma yA pApase saMgrAma karate rahane ke atirikta dUsarI kisI bhI bAtameM kalyANa nahIM hai / pApa, anyAya, atyAcAra ke viruddha nirantara saMgrAma hI rAjyAdhikAriyoMkI sandhyA, japa, tapa, pUjA, pATha Adi saba kucha hai / saMnyAsIko jJAna--samAdhi arthAt karmayogase jo pada prApta hotA hai, rAjyAdhikArIko vahI pada rASTravyApI pApase yuddha cheDakara, use rASTrameMse bahiSkRta karanese prApta hotA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki rASTronAyaka mahatvapUrNa sAhasika kartayoM meM dInatA mAjAnA garhita hai| svAmI bananevAloMmeM satsAhasika kAmoM meM kUdane kI adamya zakti honI cAhiye / yadi rAjyakI razmi pakaDane. vAle loga ayogya azakta hoMge to rASTrameM nizcitarUpase pApavRddhi aura kartavyoMkI hAni hogii| (hitaSiyoMkI upekSA akartavya ) svajanepvatikramo na kartavyaH // 246 // apane hitaiSiyoMkI upekSA na karanI cAhiye kintu unake sAtha yathocita vartAva karanA caahiye| vivaraNa- jIvanameM satya surakSita rahe isIseM mAnavamAtrakA kalyANa hai| satya hI nAnA bhAMtise mAnavakA kalyANa karaneke liye svajanoMkA tathA unake hArdika prema aura zraddhAkA rUpa lekara prakaTa hotA hai / isa dRSTi se satya hI mAnavamAtrakA svajana hai / satyaniSTha dhArmika loga samagra manuSya-samAjake svajana hote haiM / samagra rASTake kalyANameM apanA kalyANa dekhanA satyaniSTha dhArmika vyaktiyoM ke liye svAbhAvika hotA hai / Page #252 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ svArthalolupa vyavahAra hAnikAraka rAjA rASTrakA sevaka hai| yadi rAjA rASTra-siMhAsanArUDha hokara rASTra ke satyaniSTha dhArmika vyaktiyoM kI upekSA tathA madhArmikoM kA sahayoga karake svecchAcArI bana jAya to ise apaneparase satyakA prabhutva asvIkAra karake asatya kA dAsa banajAnA kahA jAyagA / rAjA rASTra-sevAmeM taba bIsamartha ho sakatA hai jaba vaha satyarUpI sacce svajanakI upekSA na karake use hI apanA nAyaka banAkara rakkhe / yadi rAjA satyarUpI svajanakI upekSA karatA hai to vaha apane satyadrohase hI rASTradrohI bana jAtA hai| vaha rASTradrohI hokara apane rAjyAdhikArakA durupayoga karatA aura use asatyarUpI samAjake vairi. yoMke hAthoM meM sauMpa detA hai| rAjyasaMsthAko satyarUpI svajanoM ke hAthoM meM rakhanA rAjAkA sabase mukhya kartavya hai / jisa samAjake loga satyarUpI svajanoMkI upekSA karadete haiM vahA~kI rAjyavyavasthA dezadrohI pApiyoMke paMje meM phaMsa jAtI, guNI dhArmika puruSoM kI upekSA karatI aura mAsurikatAkohI prAdhAnya dedetI hai| ( svajanoM se svArthalolupa vyavahAra hAnikAraka ) ( adhika sUtra ) svajanepvatikAmo na kartavyaH / apane hitaiSiyoM ke sAtha svArthalAlupa bartAva mata kro| unase pArasparika kalyANakA saMbaMdha rkkho| vivaraNa- satyaniSTha dhArmika loga hI sampUrNa mAnava-samAja ke svajana haiM / svArthAndha loga bhautika lAbha dekhate hI satyako tyAgakara asatyakA Azraya lekara apanA kAma banAne meM saMkoca nahIM krte| aise svArthAndha loga samAjake dhArmika sadasyoMke sAtha zatrutA kiyA karate haiN| isaliye karate haiM ki dhArmikakI satyaniSThA svAthalobhIkI svArthIsiddhi kA vighna bana jAtI hai / satyaniSTha dhArmika vyaktiko apane svArtha kA sAdhana banAne kA duHsAhasa karanevAle loga anivArya rUpase samAja meM azAnti utpanna karanevAle dezadrohI ho jAte haiM / deza ke rAjyAdhikArako aise dezadrohiyoM ke hAthoM meM 15 (cANakya.) Page #253 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 226 cANakyasUtrANi jAnese rokanA sAvadhAna jAgrata rASTrakA kAma hai / yaha taba hI hosakatA hai jaba ki rASTrakA pratyeka sadasya ekamAtra rASTrako hI apanA svajana mAnakara eka dUsareke sAtha svArthagandhahIna bartAva karanA siikhe| aisA karanepara hI rASTrameM dharmarAjyakI sthApanA honA saMbhava hai| __ manuSya isa vizvaparivArakA eka pArivArika hai| manuSya vizvaparivArakA pArivArika banane kI kalA sIkhane ke liye hI pArivArika sambandhoMmeM bhava. tIrNa hubhA hai| pArivArika svajana vizvapArivArikatA sIkhane ke kSetramAtra haiN| manuSyako svajanoMko paramArthadarzanakA kSetra banAkara rakhanA caahiye| na ki unheM apane svArtha-sAdhanakI mAkheTa-bhUmi banAlenA caahiye| svajanoMse aisA divya vyavahAra honA cAhiye ki unakI bhI tatvajJAna kI A~kheM khula jAyeM aura apane meM bhI kisI prakArakA bhrama yA Asakti zeSa na rahe / svajanoMse kAmanA yA svArthakA sambandha rakhanepara unakI ghRNAkA pAtra banajAnA anivArya hai, jisakA avazyaMbhAvI pariNAma ubhayapakSakA kapaTI banajAnA hotA hai| svArthaparatAke vivAda tathA sambandha-viccheda do anivArya pariNAma haiN| ( duSToMse sambandha hAnikAraka ) mAtApi duSTA tyAjyA // 247 / / duSTa honapara mAtA bhI tyAjya hotI hai| zatrutA karanevAlI mAtAse bhI dUra rahanA cAhiye, auroMkA to kahanA hI kyA ? vivaraNa- putra ke sAtha zatrutA karanevAlI mAtA mAtRtva ke adhikArase vaMcita hokara putrAdinI sarpiNI jaisI daMDanIyA bana jAtI hai / api zabdakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki dUsare apakAriyoMke tyAgameM to kisI prakArakI zaMkAko bhavasara hI nahIM hai| gurorapyavaliptasya kAryAkAryamajAnataH / utpathapratipannasya parityAgo vidhIyate // Page #254 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ hitaiSitA hI bandhutA kAryAkAryaviveka na rakhanevAle unmArgagAmI mAtA-pitA mAdi guruoMkA bhI parityAga arthAt nirvAsana kara diyA jAtA hai / svahasto'pi vissdigdhshchedyH|| 248 // jaise AtmarakSAke nAmapara viSAkta svahasta bhI chedya hojAtA hai isIprakAra vinAza karanepara utara Aye hue priyase priya sambandhIkA bhI tyAga karake AtmarakSA karanI cAhiye / (hitaiSitA hI bandhutA ) paro'pi ca hito bandhuH / / 249 // saMsArI saMbaMdha na rakhanevAlA bhI yadi koI hitakArI arthAt anukUla vyavahAra karanevAlA vyakti satyaniSTha dhArmika ho tA use bandhu samajhakara apanAnA caahiye| vivaraNa-dhArmika manuSyakA saMpUrNa jIvana samAja-hitameM samarpita hone ke kAraNakA vyaktimAtrake liye hitakArI hai / dhArmika vyakti yadi kisIse zatratA bhI karatA hai to vaha adharmakA hI virodha karatA hai / vaha adharmakA virodha karake saMsArako dharmakA hI mArga dikhAnA cAhatA hai| usakI isa madharma-virodharUpI samAja-sevAse samAjakA pratyeka sadasya AtatAyIke mAkramaNase surakSA pAtA hai| isalie vaha samAjake pratyeka sadasyakA paramamitra hotA hai / kahA jAtA hai ki vivekI zatru bhI hitakArI tathA mUDha mitra bhI mahitakArI hotA hai / arthAt vivekI vyaktikA paristhiti ke anusAra zatA jaisA dIkhanevAlA bartAva bhI vAstavameM mitratA hI hotA hai aura mUDha bhitra sadA zatru jaisA tyAjya hotA hai| . paro'pi hitavAn bandhaH bandhurapyahitaH prH| ahito dehajo vyAdhiH hitamAraNyamauSadham // dekhane meM zatru jaisA bartAva karanevAlA bhI yadi hitakArI ho to vaha bandhu hai, bandhu samajhakara apanAyA humA vyani. bhI yadi ahitakArI ho to Page #255 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi vaha zatru hai / vyAdhi svadehaja honepara bhI apanA zatru hotI hai tathA auSadha sudUra araNya yA parvatapara utpanna honepara bhI hitakArI mAnI jAtI hai| 228 kakSAdapyauSadhaM gRhyate // 250 // jaise vyAdhinAzaka auSadha araNya jaise asambaddha sthAna se lenI paDatI hai isIprakAra upakArI vyakti saMsArI dRSTise hIna honepara bhI upekSita tathA avahelita nahIM honA cAhiye / pAThAntara-- akSAdapyauSadhaM gRhyate 1 jaise guMjA se bhI bhauSadha tolane kA kAma kiyA jAtA hai isIprakAra asambaddha upakArI vyaktiko bhI hitaiSI mAnalenA paDatA hai / ( vizvAsake ayogya ) nAsti caureSu vizvAsaH / / 251 / / coroMkA vizvAsa kabhI na karanA cAhiye / vivaraNa - anyAyapUrvaka saMgraha karaneke icchuka sabake saba cora haiM / anucita lAbha lenevAle vyApArI, utkoca lenevAle tathA svecchAcArI, zAsaka, rAjakarmacArI, anyAyI adAlata ke cATukAra vyavahAra-jIvI (vakIla) kartavya pAlana na karanevAle kartA, saccA dharmapracAra na karanevAle dharmapracAraka, saccI zikSA na denevAle adhyApaka, rAjanItile pRthak rahakara dharmakA pracAra karanevAle tathA ku-zAsanakA virodha karane se bacate rahanevAle patrakAra, vyavasthA- -pariSadoMke sadasya, netA, dharmapracAraka tathA dhArmika saMsthAyeM Adi saba cora zreNI meM Ate haiM / ye saba rASTrake cora haiM / jisakA jo adhikAra nahIM usakA use cAinA hI corIkA mUla haiM / vastuoMpara manupyoMkA adhikAra ucita zramarUpo ucita vinimaya se hI pratiSThita hotA hai / samAja-sevaka hone ke nAte dezake pratyeka nAgarikako atyAjya samAja : - sevA Page #256 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zatruko naSTa karo 229 karake hI annagrahaNa karane kA adhikAra prApta hotA hai| isa sevAse bacakara logoMko samAjakI sevAke nAmase ThaganA rASTrIya corI hai / pAThAntara- nAsti caureSu vishvaasH| ( isa samaya zatrutA na karanevAle bhI zatruko naSTa karane meM pramAda mata karo ) apratIkArevanAdaro na kartavyaH // 252 // zatruko pratikArameM udAsIna dekhakara usakI upekSA na karanI caahiye| vivaraNa- apanI kisI paristhiti se vivaza hokara isa samaya pratIkArahIna banakara rahanevAle rASTradrohI pararASTrapremI zatruoMkI orase asAvadhAnI mata brto| unheM kucha na karatA dekhakara unI orase asAvadhAna mata hojAo / unase zatrutA mata syAgo aura unheM mitra mata banAyo / ve apratIkArI hone kI avasthAke parivartana hote hI pratIkAra-parAyaNa hone meM dera nahIM kareMge / zatru kI bholI mUratoM tathA cATukAritAbharI mIThI bAtoMke dhokhe meM Akara yaha kabhI mata bhUlo ki zatru dA zatru hI rahatA hai / cANakya rAjanItizAstra meM kahA haizatrorapatyAni vazaMgatAni nopekSaNIyAni budhairmanuSyaiH / tAnyeva kAlena vipatkarANi vatAsipatrAdapi dAruNAni // buddhimAn rAjanItijJa loga ghaTanAcakravaza apane vaza meM Aye zatruke vaMzajoMkI upekSA na kareM / samaya mAnepara Ajake cupacApa dIkhanevAle ve zatravaMzaja loga talavArakI dhAra se bhI adhika vipatti bulAnevAle banane meM dera nahIM kreNge| * ( adhika sutra ) apratIkAreSu vyasaneSvanAdarona krtvyH| asAdhya vipattiyoMkI bhI upekSA na kro| vivaraNa- pratIkArya vipattiyoM ko apratIkArya samajhakara nirAza nahIM Page #257 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 230 cANakyasUtrANi hojAnA cAhiye / manuSyako apratIkArya samajhI huI vipattiyoMke mAnepara unhIM jaisA kaThora banakara unakA sAmmukhya karanA cAhiye / vIra manuSyako aisI vipattiyoM ko dekhakara apane prayatnoM meM apekSita tIvratA lAnI cAhiye aura unheM apane karmakSetrase mArabhagAnekA prabalatama mAyojana karanA cAhiye___ yAte samudre'pi hi potabhaMge sAMyAtriko vAMchati trtumev| jaise potavyApArI madhyasAgarameM potabhaMga hojAnepara bhI nirAza na hokara samudra-saMtaraNake samasta saMbhava upAya kiye binA nahIM maante| isIprakAra utsAhasaMpanna loga vipattiyoMse na ghabarAkara vipadvAraNa ke upAya DhUMDa ne meM vyasta hojAte haiN| saMpatsu mahatAM ceto bhavatyutpalakomalam / vipatsu ca mahAzalazilA saMghAtakakazam / / mahApuruSoM kA citta saMpattiyoM ( sukhoM ) ke dinoM meM to vipanna satpuruSakI sahAyatAke lie kamalakI paMkhaDiyoM ke samAna komala hojAtA tathA vipattiyoM ke dina Anepara to parvatakI zilAoM ke samAna bhayaMkara vipattiyoM ke sahane ke liye kaThora bana jAtA hai| ( vipatti yA durvyasana ko choTA mAna vara upekSA na kre| ) vyasanaM manAgapi bAdhate // 253 // choTAsA bhI vyasana ( nirbalatA) manuSya ke sarvanAzakA kAraNa banajAtA hai| vivaraNa- jaise thoDAsA bhI viSa mAraka ho jAtA hai isIprakAra jIvanakA thoDAsA bhI burA svabhAva manuSya ke saMpUrNa jIvanakA sarvanAza karaDAlatA hai| jisameM bahutase vyasana haiM usake sarvanAza kI to bAta hI mata pUcho / mAnava-jIvanarUpI mahAhadakA samasta jIvana-rasa durvyasanarUpI nAlIke dvArA baha-bahakara mAnava jIvana-hadako guNoM aura sukhoMse rItA kara detA hai| Page #258 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dhana upArjanIya hai ( adhika sUtra ) vyasanamanA bAdhyate / 231 vyasanAsakta vyakti vinaSTa hojAtA hai| 1 vivaraNa - artha, sAmarthya tathA samayakA durupayoga karanevAle nindita AcaraNa vyasana kahate haiM / vyasanakI adhInatA svIkAra kara lenevAle dIna-hIna mAnavapara usIke apanAye vyasana ApattiyA~ bulAkara khaDI karadete haiM / vyasana ApAta - madhura pratIta honepara bhI antameM mAnava jIvanakA sabase kaThora zatru siddha hotA hai / vyasanako thoDAsA nagaNya yA miSTa samajhanA manuSyakI bhayaMkara bhUla hai / choTAsA thoDAsA nagaNya bhI vyasana mahAbhayaMkara vinAzakArI visphulliMga hotA hai / ( dhana upArjanIya hai ) amaravadarthajAtamArjayet // 254 // manuSya apaneko amara mAnakara jIvanaparyanta jIvana sAmagri yoMkA arjana karatA rahe || - vivaraNa- manuSya arthopArjana ke saMbaMdha meM apaneko jarAmaraNa-varjita puruSa mAnakara vyavahAra kre| sUtra kahanA cAhatA hai ki manuSya Alasya, asAmarthya yA udhAre vairAgyako apane Upara kabhI adhikAra na karane de / vaha yaha jAne ki usakA zarIra sevA arthAt apaneseM uttamottama guNakA vikAsa karake unakA divyAnanda lenekA eka pavitra sAdhana hai / satyarUpI prabhu hI isa saMsAra meM mAnavakA ekamAtra sevya hai| zarIrako satyakI sevA meM lagAye rakhakara jIvana sAdhanoMkA arjana karanA manuSyakA kabhI bhI tyAjya nahIM hai / dhanakI Asakti, usakA lobha hI tyAjya hai / kartavya hai ! dhana yA usakA moha mRtyu to kisI bhI kSaNa AkhaDI hosakatI hai| jaba taka mautakA spaSTa nimaMtraNa na mile taba taka mAnava ke jIvanakA eka bhI kSaNa kartavyahIna na Page #259 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasatrANi dhItanA cAhie / apane jIvana ke eka bhI kSaNako vyartha khonA sampUrNa jIvanako vyartha karadenA hai| ajarAmaravat prAjJo vidyAmarthaM ca cintayet / / gRhIta eva kezeSu mRtyunA dharmamAcaret // (viSNuzarmA ) manuSya vidyA tathA jIvana-sAmagrIkA upArjana to ajara-amarakI bhA~ti kre| parantu apane mAnavocita kartavya-pAlanameM yaha mAnakara atyanta zIghratA kare ki " mautane sirake bAla pakaDa liye hai aura aba yaha mAra hI denA cAhatI hai jo karanA ho isI kSaNa kara liyA jaay|" pAThAntara- ajarAmaravadarthajAtamarjayat / manuSya apaneko ajara-amara mAnakara ucita upAyoMse sAdhanasaMgraha karatA calA jAya / ( dhanArjanake prayatna sthagita mata karo ) arthavAn sarvalokasya bahumataH / / 255 // aizvarya-saMpanna mAnava apanI arthazaktise sArvajanika sammA nakA bhAjana hojAtA hai| vivaraNa-- vyAvahArika jIvanameM dhana hI loka-sthitikA nidAna hai| yadi manuSya dhanI hokara vyasanAlakta na ho to usakA dhana godugdhake samAna amRtasvarUpa hojAtA hai| yadi manuSya vyasanAsakta ho to vahI dhana nava. jvarameM piye dUdha ke samAna viSavat mAraka hojAtA hai| rAjyasaMsthAke pAsa rAjyaizvarya rahanA anivArya rUpase Avazyaka hai / rAjA aizcaryazAlI hokara hI prajApAlanameM samartha hotA hai / rAjAko rAjyaizvaryasaMpara banane meM apanA koI bhI satyAnumodita prayatna sthagita nahIM rakhanA cAhiye / dhanena balavAn loko dhanAd bhavati pnndditH| manuSya dhanavAn honese balavAn tathA buddhimAn mAnA jAne lagatA hai| Page #260 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ daridratAke doSa mahendramapyartha hInaM na bahu manyate lokaH // 256 // saMsAra arthahIna mahendra ( svarga ke samrAT ) kA bhI sammAna nahIM 233 karatA / vivaraNa -- aizvaryahIna rAjA sarvamAnya na hosakanese rAjA nAma pAne ke bhI yogya hojAtA hai| loga aise rAjAko deya samajhane lagate aura bAdara nahIM krte| usakA parAbhava hone lagatA hai / loga saMsArI vyavahAroM meM bhI dhanahInakI avajJA kiyA karate haiM / athavA saMsArake loga zarIrazaktimeM indratulya balI honepara bhI artha - zakti se hInakI avajJA karate haiM / pAThAntara --- mahendramapyarthahInamavamanyate lokaH / saMsAra arthahIna mahendrakA bhI avamAna karatA hai / ( daridratA ke doSa ) dAridryaM khalu puruSasya jIvitaM maraNam // 257 // daridratA jIvita manuSyako bhI mRtavat arthAt jIvanako maraNake samAna vyartha banAdetI hai / vivaraNa - bhautika deha yA rAjyakI rakSA bhautika sAdhagoMse hI hotI hai / deha-rakSA yA rAjya- rakSA ke sAdhanoMkA na rahanA deha aura rAjya ke vinAzakA kAraNa banajAtA hai / nirdhanatAke prasaMga meM yaha bhI jAnanA cAhiye ki jahAM sAdhanahInatA datA hai vahAM eka anya prakArakI bhI ghAtaka daridratA hai, jisa daridratA se prabhAvita ADhyatama loga bhI dUsaroMke jIvanasAdhanako anyAya tathA chala-kapaTase chIna lene para utara Ate haiN| dhanakA bAhulya honepara bhI manameM samAjadrohI kutsita ghanatRSNAkA bane rahanA daridratAse bhI bar3I daridratA hai| yaha vaha daridratA hai jise haTAnA sarvathA manuSyake vazameMhai / yaha daridratA manuSyakI svAdhIna vyAdhi hai / ghanatuSNA mAnavamanako cA Page #261 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 234 cANakyasUtrANi jitanA dhana honepara bhI sadA abhAvagrasta rakhatI, bhaprAmANika garhita upAyoMse bhI apaneko bujhavAnA cAhatI tathA manuSyako sadA duHkhI banAye rahatI hai / dhanatRSNAke cakkarameM paDakara duHkhI jIvana vyatIta karanA jIva. nake sacce mAnandase vaMcita rahakara jIvita rahate hue bhI mRtavat hojAnA hai| jina dhanI logoMmeM mAnavatA arthAt samAjake prati kartavyazIlatAne vikAsa nahIM pAyA unakA dhana unheM milA humA eka abhizApa hai / samA. jake sahayogase dhanopArjana karake usameM se samAjake abhyutthAnameM arpaNa na karanevAle svArthI loga prabhuko lUTanevAle akRtajJa taskara ( namakaharAma ) bhRtyoM ke samAna samAjake vyAdhigrasta bhAga haiM / pAThAntara --- dAridrayaM khalu puruSasya jIvitamaraNam / daridratA jIvanako hI maraNa jaisA bhakAryakArI banADAlanevAlI avasthA ( artha kA mahatva ) virUpo'rthavAn surUpaH / / 258 // arthazrIse zobhita dAnI puruSa saundaryahIna honepara bhI ruci. kara mAnA jAne lagatA ha / / vivaraNa- dhana kA sadupayoga karanevAlA hI saccA dhanavAn yA arthavAn hai / dhanakA sadupayoga karanevAle kA daihika saundarya upekSita hokara usakA hArdika saundarya hI jJAnIsamAja meM Ahata hone lagatA hai / dhanavAn dAnIkA kurUpa bhI yAcakoMke manoMko mohita karanevAlA hojAtA hai / rUpalAvaNya. hona dehavAle dAnI dhanavAnoM kI kurUpatA unake dhanake sadupayogase isa dRSTi se dUra hojAtI aura unheM surUpa banAdatI hai ki unake dhanase upakRta honevAle yAcakaloga unake darzanoMse kRtArtha hote aura sadA unake darzana ke pyAse bane rahate haiN| inakI dAnapravRtti hI unheM surUpa banA detI hai / unake pAMcabhautika dehakI kurUpatA unakI dAnazIlatAmeM chipakara dUra hojAtI hai / Page #262 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ arthakA mahatva unakI apane dhanakA sadupayoga karane kI pravRtti hI unakI surUpatA hojAtI hai / parantu dhyAna rahe ki yaha surUpatA dAnI dhaniyoM ko hI prApta hotI hai| kRpaNa virUpoMko aisI guNArjita surUpatA prApta nahIM hotii| pAThAntara-virUpo'pyarthavAna surUpaH (supurussH)| bhasundara bhI arthavAn dhanArthiyoMke mukhase surUpa ( yA supuruSa ) kahAne lagatA hai| adAtAramapyarthavantamarthino na tyajanti / / 259 / / dhanArthI loga kRpaNa dhanavAnako bhI apanI yAcanAkA pAtra yA dhanatRSNAkA AkheTa banAnese nahIM cuukte| vivaraNa---- yAcaka loga usakI dAnazaktiko uttejita karane ke liye usake sAmane prArthI bane hI rahate haiN| ve dhanI honese dAnakI saMbhAvanA dekhakara usase yAcanA karate hI cale jAte haiN| dhanakI dAna, bhoga tathA nAza tIna avasthA haiM / satpAtrako dAna denA dhanako surakSita karane kI sarvottama vidhi hai| upArjitAnAM vittAnAM tyAga eva hi rakSaNam / upArjita dhanoM kA samAjasevAmeM dAna hI unakI rakSAkA pUrNa pravandha hai / dAna dAtAkA nityasAthI bana jAtA hai| yadi hamAre dhana kA upayoga hamAre samAjako sadguNI sampanna aura sukhI banAne meM ho jAyagA to yaha hamAre dhanakA sarvottama rakSAvidhAna hogaa| dhanakA isase uttama koI upayoga saMbhava nahIM hai ki vaha apane pratipAlaka samAjako AdarzasamAja banAne ke kAma Aye / dhanya haiM ve loga jinakI upArjita dhanazakti apane samAja ke kalyANameM niyukta hotI hai|| satpAtrameM dAna karanevAlA dAtA bananA hI dhanavAnkI buddhimattA hai / satpAtra meM dAna karanevAlA dhanake sadupayogase AtmaprasAda lAbha karatA hai| kRpaNakA dhana apAtrake hAthoM meM balAt pahuMcakara samAjake akalyANa meM lagakara Page #263 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 236 cANakyasUtrANa, usa kRpaNako samAjakA ahita karanevAlA aparAdhI tathA dAtApanake bhAma. prasAdase vaMcita karake pazcAttApagrasta dukhI banADAlatA hai| vipanna sarapuruSakI sahAyatA. pAThazAlA, dharmazAlA, pula, ghATa, pyAU, auSadhAlaya mAdike nirmANa tathA saMcAlana, bhUcAla, jalapralaya, mahAmArIse trANa Adi samAjopayogI kAryoM meM apanI sadpArjita dhanazakti vyaya karanA " dAna" hai| dasyu, cora, vyasana, vipatti, rASTraviplava mAdimeM dhanakA vicchinna hojAnA " nAza' hai / kuTumba, atithi, svajana, mAzrita. tathA apanI jIvanayAtrAmeM dhanakA vyaya honA " bhoga" kahatA hai| jisa kRpaNa mAnava meM bhoga aura dAnakI baddhi nahIM hotI usake dhanakA nAza anivArya hai aura usakA dhana usake liye anartha yA ziraHpIDA mAtra hotA hai / akulIno'pi kulInAdviziSTaH / / 260 / / apanI dhanazaktiko samAjasevAmeM niyukta karanevAlA dhanI vyakti akulIna hone para bhI samAjasevAse vimukha rahanevAle kulInase zreSTha hojAtA arthAt adhika sammAna pAne lagatA hai| vivaraNa- bAta yaha hai ki samAjasevaka dhanavAnoMke pAsa cAhe ve kulIna hoM yA akulIna samAjako apanI dhanazaktike sadupayogase zaktimAn banAye rakhanevAlA bhautika sAmarthya saMgRhIta hojAne ke kAraNa samAjameM unakI pratiSThA hone lagatI aura ve samAjakI AzAoM ke kendra banajAte haiN| unake pAsa samAjodvAraka sAdhanoM kA saMgraha hojAnA hI unakI pratiSThAkA kAraNa hotA hai| kintu kulIna loga dhanI honepara bhI samAjasevA na kareM to ve kulInatAse patita tathA samAjakI bhautika sevAse milanevAlI pratiSThAse, ghaMcita hokara samAjadrohake kalaMkabhAgI hote haiM / AcAro vinayo vidyA pratiSThA tArthadarzanam / niSThA vRttistapo dAnaM navadhA kulalakSaNam // Page #264 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ saphala jIvanakI nirbhayatA 237 sadAcAra, vinaya, vidvattA, pratiSThA, satsaMga, bhAkta, jIvanayAtrAkI sukaratA, tapasyA tathA dAna ye nau guNa manuSya ke sarakula meM utpanna honeke lakSaNa haiN| pAThAntara- akulIno'pyarthavAn kulInAdviziSTaH / (nIca apamAnase nahIM DaratA) nAstyamAnabhayamanAryasya // 261 // nIcako samAja meM apane apamAna yA tiraskArakA koI bhaya nahIM hotaa| vivaraNa- jaise malina vastravALeko vastra malina hojAnekA bhaya nahIM rahatA, isIprakAra anAryatArUpI malinatAko apanAnevAle ko apamAnakA Dara nahIM rhtaa| ( vyavahArakuzalakI nirbhayatA ) na cetanavatAM vRttibhayam // 262 // vyavahArakuzala catura logoMko jIvikA na milanekA kabhI bhaya nahIM hotaa| vivaraNa- unako vyavahArakuzalatA, pratyussasamatitA, anAgatavidhAnRtya Adi guNa hI unakI jIvikAke prabala AzvAsana hote haiN| ( jitendriyako nirbhayatA ) na jitendriyANAM viSayabhayam / / 263 / / jitendriya vyaktiyoko viSayake sAnnidhyama patita hone kI kabhI zaMkA nahIM hotii| vivaraNa- viSayoMke sAnnidhyameM patanakI zaMkA unhIM logoM ko hotI hai no ajitendriya hote haiN| ( saphala jIvana kI nirbhayatA ) na kRtAthAnAM maraNabhayam // 264 // saMsArakA rahasya samajhakara kartavyapAlana karane ke dvArA apanA jIvana sArthaka karalenevAloMko mRtyubhaya nahIM hotaa| Page #265 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakya sUtrANi vivaraNa - mRtyukA bhaya unhIM logoMko hotA hai jo apane mAnavocita kartavyapAlana se apanA jIvana saphala nahIM karapAte / apane mAnavocita kartavyakA pAlana karanevAle loga pratyeka kSaNa kartavyapAlanakI saphalatA ke kAraNa vijayI jIvana bitAnevAle mRtyuJjayI banajAte haiM / yahI unakA apane jIvanako sArthaka karanA kahAtA hai / apane jIvanako sArthaka karanA hI amara banajAnA hai / jIvanakI jo vyarthatA hai vahI to mRtyubhIti hai / satya meM sammilita jIvana hI satyasvarUpa hotA hai| isake viparIta asatyako dAsatA karanA jIvita rahate hue bhI amAnavocita jIvana bitAnA rUpI mRtAvasthA hai / asatyavirodharUpI atyAjya, anivArya kartavyapAlana karate hue kartavyazIla vyaktikI saGgharSa varaNa kI huI mRtyu bhI use kartavyapAlanakA Ananda denevAlI hotI hai| usake viparIta dehakA bhogArtha durupayoga karanevAle vyaktikI mRtyu use bhogasukha se vaMcita karanevAlI vibhISikA hotI hai / ( sAdhukI udAra dRSTi ) kasyacidarthaM svamiva manyate sAdhuH || 265 // 238 mahAmAMta sAdhu lAMga parAya dhanAkA unake pAsa rakkhI huI apane dhana jaisI satyakI dharohara mAnate haiM / arthAt ve parAye dhanoMko bhI apane dhanoMke samAna hI sadupayoga meM AtA dekhanA cAhate haiM 1 vivaraNa - vyaktigata dhanAdhyakSa bananekI bhAvanA samAjameM svArthabudvikA pracAra karanevAlI samAjadrohI bhAvanA hai / vyaktigata dhanAdhyakSa tArUpI dUSita bhAvanAko tyAgakara samAja ke pratyeka sadasyakI bhautika sampattikA satyake adhikAroM meM AjAnA hI, sArvajanika kalyANako apanA kalyANa samajhanevAlI sahAnubhUti, samAjabandhana yA zAntidAyaka sAmAjika Adarza hai / yahI sAdhuoMke jIvanakA Adarza haiN| sAdhulogoMke isa Adarza ko samAja saMgaThana meM supratiSThita karadenA hI rAjadharma hai / isIko 'mahAjano yena gataH sa panthAH' kahA jAtA hai / yahI rAjacaritra AdarzasamAjakI racanA karanevAlA samAjabandhana hai / sAdhuloga kisIke dhanako parAyA mAnakara usakA Page #266 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paradhanake saMbaMdha zreSTha nIti 239 kabhI loma nahIM karate / ve saMsArake dhanoMko dUsaroM ke pAsa rakkhI huI satyakI dharohara mAnakara usakI bhorase nizcinta tathA nirIha banerahate haiM / asAdhu loga parAye dugyoko satyakA na mAnakara apanA bhogya mAnanekI bhUlase bhaTaka jAte tathA unake apaharaNameM pravRtta hojAte haiN| athavA- sAdhuloga parakIya dhanoM ko apanAsAhI samajhate aura unheM bhI apane hI dhanake samAna vinAza, apaharaNa mAdise bacAte haiN| sAdhu logoM meM apane parAyekA bheda nahIM hotaa| ayaM nijaH paro veti gaNanA laghucetasAm / udAracaritAnAM tu vasudhaiva kuTumbakam // mere terekI bhAvanA laghucetAoMkA kAma hai / udAracaritoMkI dRSTi meM to yaha sArI hI vasundharA unakA kuTumba hai / "Atmavat sarvabhUteSu yaH pazyati sa paNDitaH" jo saba bhUtoMko apanepanakI bhAvanAse dekhakara unameM aikAtmyakA darzana karatA hai vahI paNDita hai| athavA- sAdhupuruSa dUsaroMke dhanoMkI bhI sarakSA apane dhanake samAna satyArpaNameM hI samajhate haiN| ( paradhanake sambandhameM zreSTha nIti ) paravibhavagvAdaro na kartavyaH // 266 // dUsareke dhanoMko lobhanIya nahIM mAnanA caahiye| vivaraNa- vyaktigatadhanatRSNA hI dUsareke dhanameM lobha utpanna karane vAlI sAmAjika nyAdhi hai / yadi paradhanoMko lobhanIya mAnA jAyagA to enake apaharaNakI icchA honA anivArya hojAyagA aura taba manuSyakA manuSyasva hI jAtA rahegA / jo manuSya apane nyAyArjita dhanameM alaMbuddhi rakhatA hai vaha paradhanoMko Adara arthAt mahatva yA lobhanIya dRSTi se kabhI nahIM dkhtaa| dUsareke dhanakA lobha na karanA hI usakA nirAdara yA upekSA hai| lobhIkA cora honA anivArya hai / lobhI to ho aura cora na ho yaha asambhava hai| pAThAntara- paravibhaveSvAdaro naiva kartavyaH / Page #267 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ -240 cANakyasUtrANi __ (paradhanalolupatAse hAni ) paravibhaveSvAdaropi vinAzamUlam / / 267 // dUsaroMke dhanoMko lobhanIya dRSTi se dekhanA bhI mAnavake sAmA. jika vandhanakA ghAtaka tathA sarvanAzakA kAraNa hotA hai / vivaraNa- manuSya dhanalobhase bhramiSTha hokara apanI samAjakalyANakArI kartavyabuddhi yA kAryAkAryavivekako khobaiThatA hai / paravibhavoMkA lobha samAjameM azAnti, pApa tathA vivAda paidA karatA hai| pAThAntara- paravibhaveSvAdaro vinAzamUlam / (paradhanakI agrAhyatA) palAlamapi paradravyaM na hartavyam // 268 / / kisIkA eka tinakA jitanA kSudratama dhanataka nahIM curAnA caahiye| vidharaNa- anadhikArapUrvaka kisIkI kSudratama vastu lenA bhI apaharaNa yA corI hai| corIke aparAdhakI gurutA yA laghutAkA apahRta vastukI gurutA laghutA ke sAtha koI saMbandha nahIM hai / corI kisI karmakA nAma nahIM hai / corI to bhAvanAkA nAma hai / corIkI bhAvanA hI corI hai / cora kSudratama vastuko corI karake apanI isa manovRttikA paricaya detA hai ki usakA mana kisI baDo vastuko corIke avasara DhUMDha rahA hai| samAja meM corI kI bhAvanAko miTA DAlanA hI samAjakalyANakAriNI saccI samAjasevA hai| rAjA yA rAjyAdhikArI loga svayaM isa Adarzako apanAkara hI apane rAjacariake Adarzako samAja meM supratiSThita kara sakate haiN| paradravyApaharaNamAtmadravyanAzahetuH // 269 // parAye dravyakA apaharaNa apane dravyake vinAzakA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| Page #268 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sAdhanoM ke upayoga pahacAno vivaraNa- svayaM corI karanA samAja meM corIkA durdaSTAnta upasthita karake cauryavRttiko protsAhita karanA hotA hai / cora loga apanI isa kupravRttise svayaM bhI corI ke AkheTa bananekA dvAra khola dete haiN| corI karanA apane prANa ko bhI vipadmasta karanekA kAraNa banajAtA hai / 241 pAThAntara- paradravyApaharaNamAtmadravyavinAzahetuH / ( corI manuSyakA sarvAdhika vinAza ) na cauryAt paraM mRtyupAzaH // 270 // mRtyukA pAza corIke pAzase adhika duHkhadAyI nahIM hotA / vivaraNa - corI karanA apane manuSyatArUpI svarUpakI hatyA karake naitika mauta se marate rahanA hai / corIse manuSyakI manuSyatA, dhana, yaza tathA zarIra sabhI saMkaTApanna hojAte haiM / ( samAjameM naitikatA ke Adarzako rakSAke liye alpasAdhanoM se jIvana bitAne kA vrata ko ) -- yavAgUrapi prANadhAraNaM karoti loke / / 279 / / saMsAra meM zarIrarakSA ke liye to yavAgU bhI paryApta hai / vivaraNa - corI, utkoca, apaharaNa, luNThana, pratAraNA, dyUta ( juA ) Adi lobhaja amAnavocita upAyoMse anadhikAra paDsa bhojana tathA nAnAvizva aizvarya pAkara naitika mRtyuko apanA lenese to yahI acchA hai ki rAjyA dhikArI loga satyopArjita lapsIse jIvana dhAraNa karake amaratva pAkara AtmakalyANa kareM aura samAja ke sAmane naitikatAkA Adarza supratiSThita kareM / ( sAdhanoM ke upayogakA ucita samaya pahacAno ) na mRtasyauSadhaM prayojanam / / 272 / / maracukane ke pazcAt auSadhaprayogakA kartavya samApta ho jAtA hai / 16 ( cANakya . ) Page #269 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi vivaraNa- manuSyakI kartavyabuddhi ho apane samAjako jIvita rakhanevAlI mahauSadha hai | manuSyajIvanakA eka bhI kSaNa samAjakI saccI sevA karane ke kartavya se hIna nahIM rahanA cAhiye | manuSyakA saMpUrNa jIvana kartavyamaya hai / isa jIvanavyApI kartavyako choDakara mAnavajIvana meM naiSkarmya sthitiko apanAnekA koI avakAza nahIM hai / jIvanakAlameM manameM aisI bhAvanAko sthAna denA ki " hamArA kartavya samApta hocukA akAlamRtyu nAmaka amAnavIya sthitiko apanAnA hai / apane jIvitakAlako kartavyaddIna sthitimeM bitAnA ajJAnakI mauta marajAnA hai / jaba taka jIvana hai taba taka samAja sevArUpI jJAnamayI sthitiko apanAyeM rahanA hI jIvana kahalAnevAlI saccI sthiti hai / isa sthitiko tyAganA hI mRtyu hai / athavA- mRtake liye auSadhako AvazyakatA nahIM hai / 242 " auSadha to jIvanakAlako AvazyakatA hai / kisI bhI sAdhanako kAmamaiM lAne meM pramAda na karanA cAhiye / sAdhanake upayogake ucita samayako bItane nahIM denA cAhiye / ' kA varSA jimi kRSI sukhAne ' padArthake ThIka upayogake samaya hI usase kAma lelenA cAhiye / isa upayogakAlako TAlanA yA Talane denA nahIM cAhiye / auSadha rogake liye hai mRtyuke liye nahIM / jaba auSadhase roga na jAnepara bhI auSadha kI jAtI hai taba usakA uddezya kartavya - pAlanakA santoSa hotA hai / pAThAntara - na kAlena mRtasyopadhaM prayojanam / ( kAlakA artha bhI mRtyu hI hai ) pUrNAyu bhogakara prAkRtika mRtyu pAne.. vAleke liye cikitsAkA prayojana nahIM hai / prAptakAlo na jIvati ' / " jaba taka zvAsa hai taba taka mRtyuse saMgrAma karanA kartavya hai / maranekA samaya AgayA hai aisI manamAnI kalpanA karake nizceSTa baiThe rahanA kartavya hInatA hai / Page #270 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kartavya meM samayakA mahatva ( prabhutvarakSA rAjyasaMsthAkA sArvadika kartavya ) samakAle svayamapi prabhutvasya prayojanaM bhavati // 273 // sAdhAraNakAlameM apanA prabhutva banAye rakhanA hI svayaM karta vyakA rUpa lekara upasthita rahA karatA hai / 243 vivaraNa - saMdhi, vigraha Adi jaTila praznoMke upasthita na honepara sAdhAraNakAla meM saMsAra meM apanI prabhutAko jIvita rakhate rahanA bhI eka mahatvapUrNa rASTrIya prayojana hotA hai / rAjAloga viSamakAlakA abhAva dekhakara rAjyazrI ke pradarzana tathA vRddhi meM pramAda na kareM / rAjAke prabhutva para coTa na mAnekA kALa sAdhAraNakAla kahAtA hai| ghoTa hI AkrAnta manuSyako coTa bacAkara bhAtmarakSA karanekA kartavya sauMpa detI hai / parantu rAjazaktisaMpanna loga apane para bAhya mAkramaNa na hone kI avasthA meM apane Apako zaktisaMgrahakI AvazyakatAse dIna samajhanekI bhrAnti na kareM | apane prabhutvako dRDha banAye rakhane meM pramAda karanA hI Akramaka zatruoMko paidA karanevAlA hotA hai / ( kartavyameM samayakA mahatva ) ( adhika sUtra ) svakAle svalpamapi prabhUtatvasya prayojanaM bhavati / jaise vyAdhi upasthita honese pahale svAsthyarakSAkA sAdhAraNa niyama bhI vyAdhinirodhaka hotA hai / parantu vyAdhi hojAnepara svAsthyarakSA ke sAdhAraNa nimayakA ullaMghana hote hI vyAdhi kI samasyA jaTila hojAtI hai / isI prakAra sAdhAraNa samayakA prabhutvarakSAkA sAdhAraNa kartavya upekSita hojAya to usakA pariNAma rAjyasaMsthA ke liye prabhUta ( virAT ) saMkaTa bulAnevAlA banajAtA hai / vivaraNa- ucita samayapara upayoga meM lAI huI ghoDI vastu bhI pracura vastukI rakSA yA utpattikI sAdhaka bana jAtI hai / kartavyakA ucita kAla bIta jAnepara to pracurakI pracuratA bhI niSphala hojAtI hai / kartavya ke saMbaMdha meM 23 Page #271 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 244 cANakyasUtrANi yogya kAlako pahacAnane kA bahuta bar3A mahatva hai / kartavyakA kAla kartavyakA mahatvapUrNa aMga hai| kartavyakA yogya kAla bIta jAnepara kartavya lUlA, laMgaDA bhaMgahIna hokara niSphala hojAtA hai / bhUkheke lie thoDA bhojana bhI hitakArI hotA hai kSudhAhInako milI bhojanasAmagrI bhI vRthA hojAtI hai / athavA- vyAdhi sucikitsya ho to auSadhako bUMda bhI kAma karajAtI hai aura macikitsya hocukanepara divya auSadhase bhI kucha lAbha nahIM hotaa| (nIcake jJAna kA nIca upayoga) nIcasya vidyAH pApakarmaNi yojayanti / / 274 / / nIcoMkI (caturAiyAM) yA padArthavijJAna Adi kauzala unake samasta buddhivaibhava ( unheM vinIta, sujana, upakAraka tathA dhArmika na banAkara ) unheM corI, kapaTa, mAyA, jimha, anRta, paravaMcana, luNThana, anadhikArabhoga Adi pApakarmoM meM lagA detA hai| vivaraNa-nIca logoM meM suvidhAjanita phala nahIM pAyA jAtA / manudhyako pApase na rokakara pApa karanekI kalA sikhAdenevAlI vidyA vidyA na hokara avidyA kahAtI hai| manuSya zukavidyAke adhyayanase pApase nahIM baca pAtA / kintu ziSToM ke vAtAvaraNakA aMga banakara unase ziSTAcAra, saujanya, vinaya tathA kartavyAkartavya vicAra sIkhakara hI pApase bacakara gaurava pA sakatA hai / bhAgavatameM kahA hai sarasvatI jJAnakhale ythaa'stii| vidvAn khalameM usakA jJAna usakI sarasvatIko duSTA banA letA hai| pAThAntara---- nIcasya vidyA pApakarmaNA yojayati / nIcakI vidyA use chala, kapaTa, corI Adi pApakoMmeM sAna detI hai| payaHpAnamapi viSavardhanaM bhujaMgasya nAmRtaM syAt / / 275 // jaise sAMpako dUdha pilAnA usakA viSa baDhAnA hotA hai amR. Page #272 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jIvanameM annakA sthAna 245 totpAdaka nahIM, isI prakAra nIcoMkA vidyAlAbha unakI nIca pravRttiyoM ko hI anekaguNA kara denevAlA hojAtA hai| vivaraNa- nIca loga vidyAlAbhase sudharate nahIM, pratyuta usase unakI nIcatAko baDhAvA, sahakAra tathA protsAhana mila jAtA hai| manuSyameM mAna vocita kartavyaniSThA paidA karanA rUpI vidyAlAbhakA jo mahatvapUrNa uddezya hai vaha nIcoMko unakI nIcatArUpI ayogyatAke kAraNa aprApta rahatA hai / nIcoMke pAsa vidyA pahuMcAnA unake hAtha meM churA pakaDAdenA hotA hai / (caritra kA jIvanavyApI prabhAva ) ( adhika sUtra ) aihikAmutrikaM vRttam / mAnavakA caritra usake vartamAna aura bhAvI donoM kAlopara apanA amiTa prabhAva rakhatA hai| vivaraNa- mAnavakA duSTa caritra namaka aura apayaza dilAtA hai| usakA sucarita use donoM kAloM meM svarga aura kIrti detA hai / isa dRSTi se muca. ritra kA saMgraha aura rakSA manuSyakA parama kartavya hai / mAnavajIvanake mAkha. duHkha usake caritra ke bhale-bure honepara nirbhara karate haiM / pAThAntara --- aihikAmuSmika vittam / sadbhAvopArjita tathA sadbhAvopArjita dhana vartamAna tathA bhAvI donoM meM sukhaduHkhadAyI hotA hai| (jIvana meM annakA mahatvapUrNa sthAna ) nahi dhAnyasamo hyarthaH // 276 / / saMsArameM anna jaisA jIvanopayogI kAI padArtha nahIM hai / vivaraNa- jIvanadhAraka padArthoM meM mannakA sabase mukhya sthAna hai| bhanna svayaM hI arthopArjanakA lakSya hai / isIse anna saMsArakA sarvazreSTha padArtha hai| " annaM vai prANinAM prANAH" mana hI prANiyoM ke prANa haiM / samasta bhUmaNDala ke ekatrita ratnAdi padArtha eka bhI manuSyakI bhUkha nahIM miTAsakate / Page #273 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi I kSudhAkI nivRtti kevala annase hotI hai / isaliye rAjAloga apane rASTrako dhAnyasaMpaJca banAye rakhanemeM koI bAta uThA na rakkheM / kUpa, pokhara, kulyA, nAla, bAMdha Adi rUpoM meM siMcanakA prabandha karake rASTrameM annotpAdana para pUrA bala lagAyeM / 246 ( rAjyasaMsthAkA sabase baDA zatru ) na kSudhAsamaH zatruH // 277 // rAjyakA annAbhAvajanita durbhikSa yA aparitRpta sudhAke samAna koI zatru nahIM hai 1 bhukSitaH kiM na karoti pApam / bhUkhA kyA pApa nahIM karatA ke anusAra anna na pAsakanevAlI janatA pArasparika luMThana Adi azAnti utpanna honA avazyambhAvI hojAtA hai| isalie rAjAloga rAjya meM kSudhAkA hAhAkAra na hone deneke liye saha upAyoMkA abalambana kreN| zatru to dhanAdikA hI apaharaNa karatA hai, kSudhA to zarIra, indriya tathA prANataka haraNa kara letI hai / isalie rAjAko kSunnivRtti ke lie annotpaniseM prajAkI bharapUra sahAyatA karanI cAhiye / mahAbhArata meM kahA hai vAsudeva jarA kaSTaM kaSTaM dhanaviparyayaH / putrazokastataH kaSTaM kaSTAt kaSTataraM kSudhA // vRddhAvasthA bhI kaSTa hai, dhananAza bhI kaSTa hai, putrazoka bhI kae hai parantu kSudhA saba kaSToMse bar3A kaSTa hai / ( nikammoMkA bhUkhoM maranA nizcita ) akRterniyatA kSut // 278 // akarmaNya nikamme AlasI mAnavakA bhUkhoM maranA avazyaMbhAvI hotA hai / Page #274 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ indriya durupayoga ke duSpariNAma vivaraNa - karmapravaNa loga apane puruSArthase dhanadhAnyAdi pAkara apanI aura dUsaroMkI kSudhA miTA dete haiN| kisI rASTrameM logoMkA bhUrkho maranA usake liye mahA abhizApa hai / isalie rAjA loga bhUkha se maranekA prasaMga na mAne deneke liye bekArIkI utpatti aura vRddhi na hone deM tathA use bala. pUrvaka rokeM / dhanI yA nirdhana kisIko bhI karmaddIna (khAlI) rahanA vaidhAnika 1 aparAdha mAnA jAnA cAhiye aura samasta prajAko jIvikAse saMpanna banAkara rakhanA cAhiye / zrama sabake hI liye aparihArya honA cAhiye / jaba taka manuSya Alasya tyAgakara satyAnumodita jIvanadhAraNa ke liye Avazyaka udyoga nahIM karegA taba taka kSubAdhA nahIM haTegI / pAThAntara--- akRterniyatA kSudvAdhA / akarmaNyako zudhAkI bAdhA anivArya hai / ( kSudhAkI vikarAlatA ) nAstyabhayaM kSudhitasya / / 279 / / pIDitake liye abhakSya kucha nahIM rahatA / vivaraNa- bubhukSita loga ghAsa, pAta, vRkSoMkI chAla, miTTI, naramAMsa Adi amAnavocita AhAra karanepara utara Ate haiM / 4 adhA bhUkha saMsArakA sabase bar3A kaSTa hai / rAjA loga karatA isa Darase apane dezako annasampanna banAye rakheM / 1 247 kaSTAt kaSTataraM bhUkhA kyA nahIM 6 ( indriyoMke durupayogakA duSpariNAma indriyANi jarAvaze kurvanti // 280 // indriyoMkA maryAdAhIna upayoga manuSyako samaya se pahale vArdhakya ke adhIna karadetA hai / vivaraNa - indriyAdhInatA hI vArdhakya hai / indriyoMpara prabhutA manuvyakA akSaya yauvana hai | jJAnI mAnavoM ke jIvanoM meM vArdhakya nAmase dUSita Page #275 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi anurasAi, napuMsakatA yA asatyako dAsatA jaisI jIvanmRta avasthA nahIM rahA karatI / jJAnIkA yauvana usake dharmakI vizeSatA na hokara usake manakA dharma hotA hai | jJAnotlAharUpiNI karmavIratA hI jJAnIkA aTala rUpayauvana hotA hai / indriyAM jIvanAnukUla tatvakA saMgraha karane tathA jIvanavirodhI tatvoM se alaga rahane ke liye banI haiN| manuSya kI jIvanecchA indriyoMke rUpameM vyakta huI hai / jIvanadhAraNameM hI indriyoM kA sadupayoga hotA hai / avaidha bhoga indriyoMkA durupayoga hai| avaidha bhoga hI manuSyako akAlavArdhakya ke adhIna kara detA hai| manuSya ko apanI indriyoM para pUrNa saMyama rakhakara jIvanapara vijaya pAkara rahanA cAhie | isa virAT prakRtimeMse jo thoDIsI prakRti manuSyako prakRtikA yogya bhabandhaka aura vijetA banakara AtmaprasAda lAbha karane ke liye milI hai indriyAM bhI usI prakRtikA eka bhAga haiN| do prakAra ke manuSya hote haiM eka ve jo apanI prakRtipara apanA vaza rakhate haiM / dUsare ke jo apanI prakRtikI adhInatA meM usake dAsa banakara rahate haiM / yA to 'manuSya apanI zaktiyoM kA svAmI banakara rahe yA kaMpanI zaktiyoMkI dAsatA svIkAra karake rahe / saMsAra meM jitane mahApuruSa Ate haiM ye saba apanI prakRtipara apa pUrNAdhipatya rakhate haiM / ve jaisA cAhate haiM unakI prakRtiko unhIMkI icchAkI anucAriNI banakara rahanA paDatA hai / saMsArameM jitane mahatvahIna loga hota haiM ve saba apanI zaktiyoMke dAsa banakara rahate haiM / indriyo bhI manuSyakI zakti haiM / ve yadi ucchRMkhala hokara raheM to unakA dAma mAnava apaneko vArdhakyako sauMpakara duHkha bhogatA hai / 248 jIvema zaradaH zatam / adInAH syAma zaradaH zatam // hama sau varSa jiye aura sau varSa hameM apane jIvana meM dUsaroMse vyaktigata sevA lenI na paDekA mahAghoSa indriyoMpara pUrNa vijaya pAye rahane se hI pUrNa honA saMbhava hai / isalie jo loga svastha karmakSama jIvana pAnA cAheM, ke indriyavijayI hokara raheM / Page #276 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ lobhIko prabhu banAne se hAni ( prabhu banAne yogya ) sAnukrozaM bhartAramAjIvet // 281 // jo prabhu apane sevakakI manuSyatAkA sammAna apanI manuSya. tAke samAna hI karatA ho vahI sevya banAne yogya hotA hai / 249 vivaraNa - nirdaya prabhuke Azraya se jIvikA saMdigdha hotI tathA bhavanatikI saMbhAvanA banI rahatI hai| yadi kisI kAraNa sadaya prabhuse dhana na bhI milasake to bhI dayA to sulabha rahatI hai / paMca tvAnugamiSyanti yatra yatra gamiSyasi / mitrANyamitrA madhyasthA upajIvyopajIvina: / ( vidura ) manuSya ke sAtha mitra, amitra, madhyastha, upajIvya tathA upajIvaka ye pAMca avazya lage rahate haiM / use apane jIvananirvAha ke liye kucha logoM kA sahayoga lenA hI par3atA hai / sevitavyo mahAvRkSaH kalacchAyAsamanvitaH / yadi daivAt phalaM nAsti chAyA kena nivAryate // phaLa tathA chAyA donoMse sampanna mahAnukSakI sevA karanI cAhiye / daivavaza phala na bhI mila to bhI chAyA to kahIM nahIM calI jAtI / ( lobhIko prabhu banAne se hAni ) lubdhasevI pAvakecchayA khadyotaM dhamati // 282 // sahAnubhUtihIna prabhukA sevaka agnikI icchA se khadyatame phU~ka mArakara usase Aga jalAnA ( arthAt bailase dUdha duhanA ) cAhatA hai / vivaraNa- jaise khadyota sevI mAnava vahnilAbha se vaMcita rahakara apane hI bhrama se viphalamanoratha hotA hai, isI prakAra lubdhasevI mAnava apane puruSapararIkSAdopase apane hI bhramase viphalamanoratha hotA hai| Page #277 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi nIcAzrayo na kartavyaH kartavyo mahadAzrayaH / hInakA Azraya na karake zaktisampanna dayAlukA mAzraya karanA caahiye| upAsanA cnmhtaamupaasnaa| yadi kisIkA Azraya lenA hI paDe to vizAla hRdayanAlekA hI lene meM kalyANa hai| (AzrayaNIya prabhuke guNa ) vizeSajJaM svAminamAzrayet / / 283 // guNoM kA Adara karanevAle, guNIko pahacAnanevAla svAnIkI hI sevA karanA svIkAra kare / vivaraNa- guNo sadA guNAdarI nyaniko DhuMDhA karatA hai / guNAdarI svAmIkA mAzraya cAhanevAle kA svayaM gumI honA anivArya hotA hai / guNAdarI svAmIko sevAmeM guNIke manorathakA pUrNa honA nizcita hotA hai / puruSasya maithunaM jarA // 284 // strINAmamaithunaM jarA // 285 // ( asamAna vivAhase gAhara yajIvana kI dukhadatA / na nIcottamayovivAhaH / / 286 / / nIca aura uttama vaivAhika sambandha nahIM hone cAhiye / vivaraNa ---- vivAhaprathAkA uddezya samAjameM zAntikI zRMkhala! banAe khanA hai| vivAhaprathA na rahe to samAja nirbAdha vyabhicArakA kSetra bana lAtA hai / manuSyakI vaivAhika pravRttimeM saMyamakA saniveza karake samAja. kalyANa karanA hI manuSyAtAkA Adarza hai| isa mAdarzako naSTa na hone dene tathA samAjako asaMyamake mArgapara na calane dene ke liye hI vivAhaprathAke rUpa meM sAmAjika zAsana pracalita huA hai / pratyeka sAmAjika vyavahArameM pAtrApAtra yogyAyogyakA vicAra karanA manuSya kA kartavya hai / vaivAhika saMbandhake Page #278 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ asamAna vivAhakI dukhadatA 251 liye ucca kula chAMTanA bhAvazyaka hai| AdarzapremI, saMyamI, jitendriya loga hI samAja meM ucca mAnane yogya haiM / mAdarzapriyatA saMyama tathA jite. ndriyatA hI uccakulakA lakSaNa hai / bhAdarzacyuta svecchAcArI loga nIcakula samajhe jAne cAhiye / bhAdarzacyuti tathA svecchAcAritA hI kuloMkI nimnagAmitA hai / uccatA manuSyakA svabhAva tathA patana usakI asvAbhAvika sthiti hai| isalie gArhasthya jIvana meM praveza karate samaya vaivAhika saMbandhake isa kalyANakArI saMbaMdhako dhyAnameM rakhakara hI gAIsthya jIvana meM praveza karanA caahiye| ___ yadi gAIsthya dharmako kalaMkita karanevAle patita thAnoM ke sAtha saMbaMdha sthApita na karane kI sAvadhAnI nahIM baratI jAyagI to samAjakA patita hojAnA anivArya hojAyagA / samAjameM manuSyatArUpI ucca kulako prAdhAnya tathA pUjya sthAna diya rahanA hI vivAhakA bhAdarza hai / isa bhAdarzako samA. jaka Upara zAsana ke rUpameM supratiSThita rakhakara ise nIcatApaMzodhaka dagaDa ke rUpa meM kriyAzIla banAye rakhanA ho samAjapati vijJa logoM kA dhyeya honA sAhiye / apariNata buddhi vivAdArthI logoM ke nirNayoM kA rUpaja yA dhanaja mohase vipathagAmI ho jAnA aparihArya hai / isa dRSTi se pArivArika jIvanako vizuddha rakhane ke liye vaivAhika saMbaMdha meM uccatAko rakSAkA suprabandha rakhanA vija abhibhAvakoM kA uttaradAyitva hai / 'gRhasthaH sadRzI bhAryAM vindeta' gRhastha hone kA icchuka Ayu, rUpa, gaNa, jAti, dharma tathA zIla meM samAna patnIko prAkSa kare / vivAhakA artha vizeSa prakArakA sayamI gAIsthyadharma svIkAra karanA hai / samAjAnumodita vaidha pati tathA vaidha patnI honA tathA devala samAjako apanA yogya pratinidhi denekI bhAvanAse isa dharmako apanAnA ho gAIsthya jIvana kI vizeSatA hai| , ziSTAcAra tathA zAstrakI anusAritA hI pati-patniyoMkI vaidhatA mAnI jAtI hai / jo Ayu yaza tathA puNya surakSita rakhanA aura samAjako sadaguNI santAna denA cAheM ve samAjAnumodita dAmpatya saMbaMdhameM sImita raheM, apane gRhastha jIvanako tyAga tathA saMyamake abhyAsakI tapobhUmi banAkara use Page #279 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 252 cANakyasUtrANi bhogakA kuavasara na rahane dekara paramArthalAbhakA samavasara banA ddaale| manuSya gRhasthadharmako kevala sRSTiparamparA calAne mAtra ke liye svIkAra kreN| "prajAyai gRhamadhinAm " ke anusAra manuSya kevala samAjako zreSTha sadasya dene ke liye gArhasthya dharma svIkAra kare / aisA karanese jahAM manuSyako svAsthya, buddhilAbha tathA mAyurakSA hotI hai vahA samAjako svastha balavAn saMyamI santAna denekA santoSa bhI prApta hotA hai| gRhI loga saMyamI jIvana yApana kareM, gharoMko tapovana tathA santAnako sucaritrakI zikSA denevAlA vizvavidyAlaya banAkara rakkheM to ve svayaM bhI vIryavAn medhAvI zaktimAna tathA bhAyummAna hoM aura unakI santati bhI aisI hI ho| agamyAgamanAdAyaryazaHpuNyAni kSIyante / / 287 / / ( manuSyakA sabase bar3A varI) nAstyahaMkArasamaH zatruH / / 288 // ahaMkArase bar3A koI zatru nahIM hai / vivaraNa -- yahAM jisa ahaMkAra ko zatru kahA gayA hai vaha bhautika sAma. yaMkA daMbha hai / use hI yahAM ahaMkAra ke nAmase nindita karake use zatru kahA gayA hai / yoM to yaha sArA hI saMsAra ahamya hai / dAmbhikaloga bhautika sAmaya ke upAsaka hote haiN| bhautika sAmathya kI dAsatA hI dhanabala, janabala, dehabala rUpI AsurikatA hai| apane se adhika balazAlIkA to dAsa bana jAnA tathA apanese nibalapara AkramaNa karanA hI ahaMkAra yA asura . svabhAva hai| dehAtmabuddhi ( arthAt bharane pAMcabhautika deha ) ko hI apn| svarUpa samajhanA ahaMkArako paribhASA hai| manuSyakI indriyalAla sAkA hI nAmAntara dehAtmabuddhi hai| yaha bhAvanA hI manuSyakI bhUla yA ajJAna hai ki " hama bhoganevAle haiM tathA rUpa, rasa Adi viSaya hamAre yogya haiM, hama isa saMsArameM inheM bhogane ke liye Aye haiN| inheM bhoganeke atirikta hamAre pAsa aura koI kAma nahIM hai|' indriyoMmeM bhogapravRtti svAbhAvika hai / indriyoMkI Page #280 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ manuSyakA sabase baDA vairI 253 bhogapravRttiko apanA svabhAva mAnalenA ajJAnarUpI ahaMkAra hai / ajJAnI manuSya ke pAsa AtmatRpti nAmakI koI avasthA nahIM hotii| vaha saMpUrNa jagatko apane bhogya rUpameM dekhanA cAhatA hai| jagatko apane bhogya rUpameM dekhanA aura jagatke padArthoMko dekha-dekhakara apane manameM kAmAgni sulagA lenA hI bandhana hai| yahI kAmanA hai| yahI duHkha hai| kAmAgni rUparamAdi viSayoM kI mAhutiyoMse nahIM bujhatI / kAmAgnikA bujhate rahanA hI manuSya. jIvanakI akhaNDa zAntikA bhAdarza hai| apanI indriyoM ko hI apanA svarUpa samajhakara, unhIMko bhoktA mAnakara bhogabandhanameM phaMsajAnA ajJAna hai / dehako kartA bhoktA na mAnakara dehake svAmI dehIko apanA svarUpa samajha jAnA hI jJAna hai / dehI svabhAvase nitya mukta rahanevAlI sattA hai / jaba manuSya apane isa rUpase paricita ho jAtA hai taba bhogoMkI kIcaDa. meMse nikala jAtA tathA usakA bandhanarahita svabhAva vijayI hojAtA hai| majJAnarUpI bhogabandhana manuSyakA parama zatra hai / bhogabandhana hI rAjyAdhi. kAriyoMko kartavyabhraSTa karanevAlA unakA parama zatru hai / bhoganirapekSatArUpI jJAna hI rAjyAdhikAriyoMkI pratiSThA baDhAnevAlA parama mitra hai / svayaM jJAnI banakara rahanA hI apane samAjako bhI jJAnI banAne vAlA manuSyocita kartavya. pAlana hai / samAjakA zatra bananA samAjakA hI droha nahIM kintu Atmadroha bhI hai / yaha vizva apane vidhAtAkA eka virATa parivAra hai| pratyeka prANI isa vizvaparivArakA pArivArika hai| saba hI jIvanAdhikAra lekara saMsArameM mAye haiN| sabake jIvanAdhikArako udAratAse svIkAra karanese hI saMsArameM sukhakA svarga utara sakatA hai / parantu ahaMkArakA jo eka daSita rUpa hai vahIM dUsaroM ke adhikArako udAratApUrvaka svIkAra karanese rokatA hai| ahaMkAra manuSyako manuSyakA zatru banAdetA hai / manuSyoM meM jo bheda paDatA hai vaha unake mithyA ahaMkArase hI paDatA hai / dehAtmavAda hI bheda aura vivAdakA mUla hai / manuSya ko jAnanA cAhiye ki hama loga dehoM se alaga-alaga hone. para bhI dehI rUpameM saba eka haiM / hama sabake samAna lakSya haiN| apane meM mAnavatAkA pUrNa vikAsa hI mAnavamAtrakA lakSya hai / isa lakSyako pAle nepara Page #281 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi pArasparika zatrutAkA anta hojAtA hai / ahaMkAra na rahanepara yaha samasta saMsAra manuSya ko apanA sahAyaka mitra dIkhane lagatA hai / ahaMkArAmibhUta manuSya vivekahIna hokara apane avaidha AcaraNoMse apanA parAyA aniSTa karake saMsArameM duHkhoMkI vRddhi kara dete haiM / saMsAra meM azAnti paidA honA ahaMkA skA hI duSpariNAma hai / karNa, duryodhana, rAvaNa Adike jIvana ahaMkArakRta azAMtiutpAdanake udAharaNa haiM / 1 254 madamAnasamuddhataM nRpaM na viyukta niyamena mUDhatA / atimUDha udasyate nayAnnayahInAdapajyate janaH // ( bhAravi ) aviveka kabhI bhI darpa tathA ahaMkAra se samuddhata rAjAse alaga nahIM rahatA / atimUDha ( avivekI ) mAnava nItimArga se bAhara dUra pheMka diyA jAtA arthAt nItihIna hojAtA hai / lokamata nItiddIna se virakta tathA ruSTa hojAtA aura usase asahayoga karaletA hai / ( sabhAmeM zatruse vAgvyavahArakI nIti ) saMsadi zatru na parikrozet // 289 // sabhA meM zatru ke krodhako uttejita karanevAlI kaTuvANI yA apabhASaNa karake vicArasabhAko cheDachADakI sabhA mata banAo / vivaraNa - sabhA meM zatrupakSa yA usake vaktAkI vyaktigata nindA karake mukhya vicAraNIya viSayako khaTAImeM mata DAlo / saujanya tathA ziSTAcAra kI maryAdA rahate hue apane pakSakA maNDana tathA zatrupakSakA khaNDana karo sabhA meM bolane kI eka mAryAdA hotI hai / usakA ullaMghana na karate hue hI vivAdya viSayapara AkSepa yA parihAra kiye jAne cAhiye / 1 sUtrakA yaha abhiprAya nahIM ki samAse bAhara zatruse apabhASaNa yA vAgyuddha cheDA jAya / isakA yaha bhI artha nahIM ki zatrukI anucita bAtakA khaNDana bhI na kiyA jAya / sUtrakArakA tAtparya yaha hai ki sabhA ke hI zatru ke sAtha vAgyuddhakA svAbhAvika kSetra honeke kAraNa vahAM zatrukI jora se sattejanAkA kAraNa pAkara bhI apanA vaktavya saMyata susabhya bhASAmeM rakhanA Page #282 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sabhAmaM zatru se nIti cAhiye / zatruke manameM roSa paidA karanevAlI usakI vyaktigata nindA karanA hAnikAraka hai / isa prakAra asaMyata cheDachADakA pariNAma yaha hogA ki vaha ruSTa hokara tumheM apamAnita karanevAlI marmabhedI bAteM kahanepara utara AyegA aura tatra sabhAke vArtAlApakA uddezya hI dhUla meM mila jAyagA / 255 kinhIM nizcita Alocya viSayoMpara sabhAkI sammati pAneke liye hI sabhAkA adhivezana niyata kiyA jAtA hai / sabhAke adhivezana ke samaya kisIko bhI sabhA Alocya prasaMgase bAhara koI bAta karane kA adhikAra nahIM hotA / yadi koI vaktA sabhAke Alocya viSayase bAhara bAteM karane lage to vaha sabhAke sAtha dhRSTatA karanekA aparAdhI banajAtA hai / vaha apanI isa pravRtti se samAse bahiSkRta hone yogya banakara apanI hI hAni karaletA hai | sabhA adhivezana meM paraspara zatrutA rakhanevAle donoM pakSa kisI vizeSa kAraNase hI upasthita hote haiN| ziSTAcAra cAhatA hai ki donoM zatrupakSoM ko samA upasthita kara denevAle usa vizeSa kAraNakA dhyAna rakhakara apane se zatrutA rakhanevAle pazca ke sAtha bhI samAmeM anya sadasyoMke samAna hI vyavahAra kare / ziSTAcAra to yahAM taka cAhatA hai ki yadi vaha sabhA zatruke aparAdha para vicAra karanehI ke liye ekatrita huI ho taba bhI usa vicArako niSpakSa vicArakoMke hI adhIna rakhanA cAhiye | usa vicArameM abhiyukta (aparAdhI ) ke vipakSako nirNaya denekA adhikAra nahIM denA cAhiye | abhiyoktApakSa abhiyuktapakSa ke sAtha kisI prakArakA aziSTa bartAva karane yA usake sAtha sIdhA koI vyavahAra karanekA koI adhikAra nahIM rakhatA / zatrupakSake sAtha vyaktigata yathocita vyavahArakA kSetra sabhAle bAhara hotA hai sabhA nahIM / sabhAmeM zatruke sAtha satyarakSA ke nAma para jo mo koI baratAva kiyA jAtA hai vaha asatyavirodharUpI satyaniSThA hI hotA hai / sabhA adhikAra para hastakSepa na karake samAkaM niSpakSa nirNayako sugamatA se prabhAvazAlI rahane denA hI sabhA ke prasaMgake anukUla satyaniSThAkA rUpa hotA hai / sabhAkI upekSA karake sabhAsthala meM zatruke prati vyaktigata vidveSakA 1 Page #283 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 256 cANakyasUtrANi pradarzana karanA sabhAkA adhikAra balAt apaharaNa karanevAlI asatyakI dAsatA hai| ( zatrukA sarvanAza karanA mAnavIya kartavya ) zatruvyasanaM zravaNasukham / / 280 // zatrukI vipatti thutimadhura hotI hai / vivaraNa- apane zatruko vipanna karaDAlanA hI satyaniSTha vijigISuke saphala kartavyakA ekamAtra dhyeya rahatA hai / koI vijigISu asatyadalanakA ahaMkAra bhI kare aura asatya mArgapara calanevAlA usakA zatra vipanna na hokara sampanna arthAt apane bhautika zaktike ghamaNDameM nizcinta banA raha jAya to samajhanA cAhiye ki usakA zatrudamanakA kartavya pAlita raha rahA hai / vijigISuko to zatra ke sAtha pratikSaNa vaha bartAva karake harSita rahanA cAhiye jisase usake zatrakA jIvana paga-pagapara kaNTakAkIrNa hotA rahe / satyaniSTha vyaktikI dRSTi meM zatrake vyasanake zravaNasukha honekA yahI rUpa hai| paraspara zatrutA rakhanevAle donoM pakSa eka-dUsareko miTAnekA hI uddezya rakhate haiN| yahI unakI zatratAkA abhiprAya hotA hai| satya aura mithyAmeM vadhyaghAtaka saMbaMdha sadAse calA mArahA hai| do vivAdamAnoM meM eka saccA aura dUsarA anyAyI honA anivArya hai / satyaniSTha vyakti asatya ko miTAkara apane jIvanavyavahArameM satyako hI vijayI banAye rakhane kA vicAra rakhatA hai| usake isa lakSya meM vighna DAlanevAlA hI usakA zatru hotA hai jise vaha mUrtimAn asatya mAnA karatA hai / satyaniSTha vyakti apane zatrako miTAnA cAhatA hai| isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki zatrukI vipanasthiti usake asatya damana rUpI uddezya ke anukUla honese usake liye sukhaprada hotI hai| parantu asatyaniSTha vyaktipara kAkatAlIyanyAyase Apatti AI dekhakara prasanna ho jAnAmAtra satyakA vijayollAsa nahIM kahA jaasktaa| satyake bala se asatyakA damana karacukanA hI saccA vijayollAsa yA vijayollAsakI yogyatA hai / satyaniSThake hRdayameM isa vijayollAsakA pratyeka Page #284 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dhanahInatAse buddhinAza kSaNa vidyamAn rahanA hI use asatyavirodha prerita karate rahanevAlA vizva. vijayI astra hai / satyaniSTha vijigISu isa vijayollAsako bAhya pradarzanakA viSaya kabhI nahIM banAtA / vaha to pratikSaNa apane hRdaya meM satyakI mahimA tathA asatyaniSThakI bhavanati ( duHkhamayI sthiti ) donoMko eka hI netrase dekhatA rahakara prasannatA manAtA rahatA hai| usakA zatru asatyakI dAsatA karake pratikSaNa manuSyatAko tilAMjali detA rahakara vinaSTa hocukA hotA hai| usakI dRSTimeM usa zatrake pAMcabhautika dehakA vinAza upekSAkA viSaya rahatA hai / yadi usake pAMca bhautika deike vinAzako hI satyakA vijayollAsa mAnA jAya to usake pAMcabhautika dehakA vinaSTa na honA vijigISu ke liye duHkha. dAyI mAnanA pddegaa| taba to jabataka zatra jIvita hai yA satyaniSThase adhika bhautika balavAlA hai tabataka satyaniSTake hRdaya meM satyakA vijayo. lAsa manapasthita svIkAra karanA paDegA tathA tabataka svayaM satyameM sukhAbhAvarUpI duHkha svIkAra karanA paDa jAyagA / parantu satyakI anupama madhuratA meM duHkhako sthAna nahIM hai / zatru cAhe jItA rahe, bhara jAya, vipadgrasta hojAya yA nirvighna rahe, satyaniSTha vyakti to apane satyakI mahimAse pratyeka kSaNa sakhaplAgara meM nimagna rahatA hai| usake sukhaduHkha zatruke bhautika vinAza avinAza para nirbhara nahIM hote / satyaniSThakI sukhamayI sthiti meM duHkha kI atyanta nivRtti hocukI hotI hai| (dhanahInatAme buddhinAza) adhanasya buddhi na vidyate // 291 / / dhanahIna vyaktikI buddhi naSTa hojAtI yA prasRta honeke avasa. rose vaMcita hojAtI hai| vivaraNa-- arthAbhAvase jIvanayAtrAkI cintAse vyAkulatA bane rahanese buddhi manda paDha jAtI tathA pratibhA so jAtI hai / nirdhanatAkI sthiti meM buddhiko nAza nirAza na hone dekara sthira rakhanA dhanahIna manuSya kA kartavya 17 : cANakya.) Page #285 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 25: cANakyasUtrANi hotA hai / buddhimAna vyakti samAja kI zakti hote haiN| rAjyasaMsthAkA nirmANa karanA inhIM logoM kA uttaradAyitva hotA hai / rAjA apanI rAjyasaMsthAmeM maSTake buddhimAn vyaktiyoMko mukhya sthAna dekara saccI rASTra sevA karane meM saba hI samartha hosakatA hai jaba ki vaha samAjake buddhimAn logoM ko nirdhanatAkA AkheTa banane se surakSita rakhanekA ucita prabandha kre| dhana svabhAvase hI dhanopAsakoM ke pAsa rahatA hai| dhana hI dhanopAsakoM ke jIvanakA dhyeya hotA hai / dhanopAsaka dhana ke liye apane mana kI mUlyavAna pavitratAko balidAna karacukA hotA hai / isake viparIta manakI pavitratA yA sacAI lakSyavAleko manakI pavitratAko surakSita rakhane ke liye dhanakA bali. dAna dedenA paDatA hai / sacce buddhimAn ve hI loga haiM jo apanI sacAIko surakSita rakhakara manupyatAnAmake sacce dhana ke dhanavAn rahanA hI apanA lakSya banAlete haiM tathA ipIse ve samAja meM zraddhAkI dRSTi se dekhe jAte haiM ! aise loga rASTake bhUSaNasvarUpa hote haiN| ye loga samAjameM manuSyatAko jIvita rakhane ke nAmapara manuSyatAkA saMrakSaNa karanevAlI rAjyasaMsthA banAne ko apane jIvanakA sarvazreSTha, sarvamahAn kartavya banAlete haiM / parantu dhyAna rahe ki aise samAjasevaka buddhimAna vyaktiyoM kA nirdhana honA anivArya hai| ina mahAmanA logoMke dhanAbhAvako dUra karake inheM apanI rAjyasaMsthAke mukhya stambha banAye rakhane ke liye ucita prabandha karanA rAjAkA rASTahitakArI tathA svahitakArI kartavya hai / yadi rAjyako nirvighnatAse calAnA ho tathA use prajAkalyANakArI mArgapara su-pratiSThita rakhanA ho to rAjAko rASTra ke nidhana parantu buddhimAna vyaktiyoMkI jIvanayAtrAmeM yathocita sahayoga dekara rASTra ke liya unakA bauddhika dhArmika sahayoga prApta karanA hI cAhiye / buddhimAn vyaktiyoMke dhanahIna hone para bhI unakI buddhi samAja yA rASTrakA akSaya dhana hai| ina buddhimAna vyaktiyoM kI dhanahInatAkA bhI rASTrIya dRSTi se asAdhAraNa mUlya hai / ina logoMkI dhanahInatA samAja meM buddhi kI saMrakSikA hai| ye loga samAjameM buddhi ke saMrakSaka haiN| kyoMki ye Page #286 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dhanahInatAkI hAni dhanopAsaka na hokara buddha yupAsaka haiM isIliye to ye loga nirdhana haiM / yaha samAjakA saubhAgya hai ki ye loga dhanopAsaka na hokara nirdhana haiN| yadi ye loga bhI dhanopAsaka hojAte to samAjameM sabaddhiko kahAM bhAzraya milatA? sadbuddhi siddhAntasevI hone ke kAraNa apane sevakoMko sadA dhanopAsanAse nivRtta ataeva nirdhana banAye rakhatI hai| paraMtu isa prakArake loga rASTa ke amUlya dhana haiN| jisa samAjakA lakSya dhanopAsanA hojAtA hai usa samAjameM se manuSyatArUpI akSaya saMpatti lupta hojAtI tathA usameM mAsurI pravRttikA prabala honA anivArya hojAtA hai / (dhanahInatAkI hAni ) hitamapyadhanasya vAkyaM na zRNoti / / 292 // nirdhanake hitavacanoMpara bhI koI kAna nahIM detaa| vivaraNa- kisI samAjakA dhanopAsaka hojAnA, isa bAtakA pramANa hai ki yaha samAja apanI hitAhita buddhi khobaThA hai| isa dRSTi se dhanasaMpaniko jIvana kA lakSya banAlenA svavinAzaka tathA samAjadrohI kalpanA hai| isaliye hai ki dhanopAsaka logoMko samAjake hitAhitako koI apekSA nahIM rahatI / samAjahitakArI logoMkA dhanopAsaka honA asaMbhava hai |saar samAja meM samAjakA hita karanekI buddhi ko jAgrata rakhanA bAjAkA kartavya hai| yahI to mukhya rAjadharma hai / jisa samAjameMse samAjahita karane kI bhAvanA lupta hojAtI hai usa patita samAjakI banAyI huI rAjyasaMsthA, samAjadrohI mAsurIrAjya banajAtA hai / rAjAkA uttaradAyitva hai ki samAja ke logoMko samAjako hitAhita buddhi kI cetanA pradAna karatA rhe| usakA yaha bhI uttara dAyitva hai ki vaha samAjake hitakI bAta kahane kI yogyatA rakhanevAle nirdhana vyaniyoMko samAjameM zIpasthAnIya mAnya tathA pUjya banAkara rakkhaM / isa. lie rakhe ki samAjake ye nidhana buddhimAna lorA rAjazakise protsA Page #287 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi dana pAkara samRddha hokara bhojanAcchAdana cintAse mukta raheM tathA unakI nizcinta buddhi samAjakA kalyANa karane ke upayoga meM AtI raisake / 260 adhanaH svabhAryayA'pyavamanyate // 293 // parivAra ke liye jIvanasAghana na juTA sakanevAlA nirdhana apanI bhAryAse bhI apamAnita hotA hai / vivaraNa - patnI Adi parivArakI jIvanayAtrAmeM dhanako AvazyakatA hotI hai / pArivArikoM kI jIvanayAtrA ke liye gRhapatiyoMkA dhanapati honA paramAvazyaka hai / jaise vRkSavAsI pakSI phalapuSpapatrahIna sUkhe vRkSoMko yA jaise jalavAsI pakSI zuSka sarako tyAga dete haiM, isIprakAra dhanaddIna mAnava apane svajanoMkI zraddhA tathA snehake AkarSaNase vaMcita hojAte haiM / isaliye yaha rAjAkA hI uttaradAyitva hai ki vaha rASTrake buddhimAn logoMko dhanAbhAva ke kAraNa pArivArika azAntijanaka vyagratA se rASTrake liye anupayogI tathA bekAra na hone deM, kintu unheM rASTrasevA ke liye karmazIla banAye rkheN| ima sUtrakA yaha bhAva bhI hai ki jo loga pArivArika sukha cAheM ve parivArakI jIvanayAtrA ke liye vaidha upAyoMse dhanasaMgraha kreN| dhanahInaH pAThAntara ...... 1 puSpahInaM sahakAramapi nopAsate bhramarAH || 294 // jaise aura puSpakAla bIta jAnepara puppahIna priya AmravRkSako bhI tyAga dete haiM isIprakAra yaha dhanajIcI saMsAra nirdhana vyaktike pAsa apanI ghanAkAMkSAkI pUrti kI saMbhAvanA na dekhakara use tyAga detA hai / vivaraNa- buddhimAnoMkI dhanahInatAko dUra karake unheM samAja meM upekSita hone se bacAnA rASTrasevaka rAjAkA ho uttaradAyitva hai| isalie hai ki rASTra subuddhiparicAlita tathA sanmArgagAmI banA raddasake / Page #288 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vidyAdhanakI zreSThatA (nirdhanoMkA sammAnita dhana ) vidyA dhanamadhanAnAm // 295 // vidyA nirdhanoMkA dhana hai| vivaraNa- vidyAmeM yaha sAmarthya hai ki vaha guNagrAhI jJAniyoMse nirdhana vidvAnoM kA Adara karanA detI hai| nirdhana vidvAn loga apane vidyAdhanako dhaniyoMke dhanoMse zreSTha dhana mAnakara usase paritRpta rahate tathA usakA sAvika ahaMkAra bhI rakhate haiN| ve dhanopAsaka samAjakI bhorase upekSita honepara bhI apanI vidyAkA Adara svayaM karake tRti anubhava karate haiM / ve dhanamatta dhani. yoMke kiye nirAdara yA upekSAkA pAtra bananA hI apanI vidvattAkA prApya gaurava samajhate haiN| dhanalolupa saMsArakA yaza dhanamattoMke cATukAroMko hI prApya hotA hai / vidyA motika dhanase zreSTha hotI hai / dhana aneka prakAra ke hote haiM / saba vyakti eka hI prakAra ke dhanake dhanI nahIM hote| yaha saba saMsAra eka hI prakArake kAmake liye nahIM banA / bhautika dhanakA dhanI bananA sabake liye prayojanIya nahIM hai| vidyA, kalA, tapasyA, udAratA, sevA Adi aneka aise devaduIbha dhana haiM jinheM devI dhana kahate haiM. saMsArI dhana jinake ghara pAnI bharate haiM, jinase nirdhanaloga bhI saMsArake pUjya banajAte tathA unakI jIvanayAtrA bhI sukara hojAtI hai| vittaM bandhurvayazcaiva tapo vidyA yathottaram / pUjanIyAni sarveSAM vidyA teSAM garIyasI / / dhana, bandhu, Ayu, tapa tathA vidyAmeM pichale pahaloMse pUjanIya hai / vidyA (mAtmajJAna-tatvajJAna ) sabameM zreSTha hai| (vidyAdhanakI zreSThatA ) vidyA corairapi na grAdyA / / 296 / / vidyA manupyakA Antara gupta dhana honese coroMse bhI nahIM curAI jaasktii| Page #289 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 262 cANakya sUtrANi vivaraNa- vidyA vidvAnoM kA lakSaya, bhacaurya, avibhAjya, manapaharagIya tathA vyayase vardhiSNu dhana hai / apane vidyAdhanase santuSTa vidvAnko santoSadhana svataH prApta rahatA hai / vidvAn hote hue bhI saMtoSase vaMcita rahanA mUDhatA hai| vidyA nAma narasya rUpamadhikaM pracchannaguptaM dhanam / vidyA rAjasu pUjitA na hi dhanaM vidyAvihInaH pazuH / / na caurahArya na ca rAjahArya na bhrAtRbhAjyaM na ca bhaarkaari| vyaya kRte vardhata eva nityaM vidyAdhanaM sarvadhanapradhAnam // vidyA manuSya kA asAdhAraNa saundarya tathA gupta dhana hai| rAjAmAmeM vidyA pujatI hai, dhana nhiiN| vidyAvihIna manuSya pazu hai| vidyA coroMse curAI nahIM jAtI, bhAiyoM se bAMTo nahIM jAtI, bhAra ( bojha ) nahIM karatI tathA jitanA vyaya karo utanI hI baDhatI hai / sacamuca vidyAdhana samasta dhanoM meM ziromaNi hai| "jIvanasAphalya karI" tathA "arthakarI bhedase vidyAke do rUpa haiM : samA. jako arthakarI vidyApArjana kA pratIkSaka banAnA rASTrako nyAdhigrasta banADAlanA hai| bhAja saMsAra meM sarvatra dhanopAsanAkA vikRta bhAdarza manuvyasamAjakI buddhi ko bhraSTa kara rahA hai| samAja ke buddhimAn logoMko apane rASTrako isa cyAdhise mukta rakhane ke liye use ( usakI rAjyasaMsthAko ) dhanopAsaka samAjadrohI bhogezvayaM-parAyaNa pratArakoMke hAthoMse bacAkara rakhanA cAhiye / / pAThAntara--- vidyA cArairapi na hAryA / (vidyA yazaHkarI) vidyayA khyApitA khyAtiH // 297 / / vidyAse yazakA vistAra hotA hai| vivaraNa- jisa rAjyameM saccI vidyAkA bhAdara hotA hai usa rAjyako prajA meM rAjAkA suyaza anivArya rUpase phailatA hai / rAjA vidyAkA mAdara karake hI prajAke hRdaya meM apanA aTala siMhAsana sthApita kara sakatA hai| Page #290 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yaza mAnavakA amara deha prajAmeM jJAnAlokakA pracAra hote hI rAjyavyavasthAmeM guNI loga sugamatAse praveza pAjAte haiN| rAjyasaMsthAkA utkRSTa nirmANa prajAkI sumatipUrNa samma. kise hI saMbhava hai| rAjyasaMsthAke sanirmi honepara prajAkI zubhakAmanA rAjAkA nityasAthI banajAtI hai| rAjA tathA prajAke svArthoM kI bhivatA bhayaMkara rASTrIya vipatti hai| prajAko zubhakAmanA pAle nA hI rAjAke pAneyogya suyaza hai / rAjAkA vidyAnurAgI honA hI usake suyazakI yogyatA hai / pAThAntara-- vidyayA khyAtiH / / yaza mAnava kA amara deha ) yazaHzarIraM na vinazyati / / 298 // manaSyakA bhautika deha hI maratA hai, usakA yazArIra to amara mahatA hai| vivaraNa-- jJAnI samAjakI pratiSThA lAbha karanA hI yazasvI honA hai| ajJAnI samAjakI karatAlI piTa vAle nA yaza kI kasauTI nahIM hai| yazasvIkA yaza ho usakA samara deha hai| yazasvIke nAzavAna pAMcabhautika dehakA manta ho jAne para bhI usakA yaza anaMtakAlataka samAjameM cirasthAyI rahatA hai| yazasvI mAnava pArthiva deha kI mRtyuse na marakara saMsArakI samara smRti meM apanA sthAna banAkara sAmara hojAtA hai| "kIrtiryasya sa jIvati' jisako korti satkarmajanita hai vahI jItA hai / vaha marakara bhI nahIM bhrtaa| jayanti te sukRtino rasasnigdhaka zvarAH / nAsti yeSAM yazaHkAye jarAmaraNajaM bhayam // yaSAM vaiduSyavibhavo dharmazca jagatItale / te narA nidhanaM prApya vidyante naramAnasa // rAjyasaMsthAkA yazasvI vidvAnoMse suprabhAvita rahanA hI rAjAkA yaza: zarIra hai / aise yazaHzarIrakA zarIrI vidyApremI prajAvatsala rAjA apane navara dahakA manta dojAnepara bhI apane rAjya kI rAjabhakta prajAke hRdaya Page #291 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 264 cANakyasUtrANi siMhAsanapara ArUDha rahakara amara banArahatA hai / rasa ( arthAt kartavyapAlanake mAnanda ) se snigdha ve sukarmA kavIzvara loga vizvavijaya pAcuke haiM, jinake yazaHzarariko vRddha tathA mRta honekA koI bhaya nahIM hai| saMsArameM apanI vidvattArUpI lakSmI tathA dharmakI dhAka baiThAnevAle haiM, ve mahAmAnava deha se marajAnepara bhI samAjake kRtajJa zraddhAlu mAnasameM anaMtakAla taka jIvitA rahate haiN| ( sabake svArthako apanA samajhanA satpuruSatA hai ) yaH parArthamupasarpati sa satpuruSaH // 299 / / jo dUsaroka kalyANa karane meM Age baDhatA hai vahI satpuruSa hai| vivaraNa- sacAI meM hI sabakA kalyANa hai| sabake sAmUhika svArtha ( bhalAI ) meM apanA svArtha / bhalAI-kalyANa ) dekhanevAlA jo mAnava dUsaroM ke kalyANa ke liye Age baDhatA yA dUsaroMkI satyArtha vipattiyoM meM hAtha baMTAtA hai, vahI satpuruSa yA mahApuruSa hai| svArtha meM jIvoM ko pravRtti svabhAvale hotI hai| parantu yaha manuSyakI majJAnamayI sthiti hai / saMsArameM ajJAniyoM kA hI bahumata hotA hai / parArtha meM sahayoga karanA jJAnamayo sthiti hai / parantu yaha durlabha sthiti hai / vicArazIla. tAkA saMsAra meM prAyaH abhAva rahatA hai| manuSyako jo burA yA bhalA karanekI svataMtratA milI hai manuSya usa svataMtratAkA mUlya na samajhakara usakA durupa. yoga karanese avicArazIla banatA hai| vicArazIlatAse pratyakSa bhautika hAni tathA avicArazIlatAse pratyakSa bhautika lAbhakI saMbhAvanA dekhakara saMsAra meM avicArazIloMkA hI bahumata hotA hai / isa meSamanovattise nivRtta rahane ke liye manuSya ko satya tathA mithyAlAbhakA bheda jAnanA cAhiye / manuSya yaha jAne ki jisameM samAjakA kalyANa hai usameM vyaktikA bhI kalyANa hai / jaba kisI satyaniSTha vyaktikA kalyANa saMkaTameM mAtA tathA vaha samAjase sahAyatA pAnekA adhikArI banatA hai, taba samAjake satpuruSa loga kartavya se prerita hokara usakI vipattiko apanI hI vipatti tathA usake Page #292 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zAstrakI upakAritA 265 abhyutthAna (vipadaddhAra )ko apanA hI abhyutthAna mAnakara usakI sevAmeM mAtmasamarpaNa karadete tathA isI samarpaNameM apane jIvanakI parama kRtakRtyatA anubhava karate haiM / aise loga satyArthI vipanna ke vipadvAraNameM prApta honevAle apane kaSToMko nagaNya banAkara para-hita-sAdhanameM satyakI sevAkA Ananda lete haiM / aise loga satya ko hI apane svajana ke rUpa meM pAkara satyaniSTha vyaktimAtrameM bhAsmAnubhUti karake usake sukhaduHkha meM svabhAvase sAjhI ho jAte haiN| eka satpuruSAH parArthavaTakAH svArtha parityajya ye, madhyasthAH parakIya kAryakuzalAH svArthAvirodhana y| te' mI mAnuparAkSasAH parahitaM yahanyate svArthataH, ye tu nanta nirarthaka parahitaM te ke na jAnImaha // bhatRhariH saMsAra meM cAra prakAra manuSya hote hai --- eka va sarapuruSa haiM jo apane svArthakI upekSA karake dUsare satpuruSoM ke kAma Ate haiN| dUsare mAdhyama puruSa haiM jo apane svArthIko hAni na pahuMcAkara yathAsaMbhava dUsare satpuruSaka bhI kAma mAne haiM / tIsare va Rra rAkSasa haiM jo apane svArtha ke lie dUra goMke svArthakA galA ghoMTa dete haiN| cAtha ye loga haiM jo vinA kisI kAraNa parahitako hAni pahuMcAte haiM / ina cautha logoMko kyA nAma diyA jAya yaha samajhane meM hama asamartha haiN| ( zAstrakI upakAritA) hAndrayANAM prazamaM zAstram // 300 // indriyoMko zAnta rakhanavAlI zakti hI 'zAstra' hai| vivaraNa- manuSya ke mana meM viSayabhogoMke prati lampaTatAko rokane tathA TokanevAlI jo bhAntarika sanAtana pravRtti hai, vahI manuSyakA Izaracita zAmna marthAt hitAnuzAsanakArI devI grantha hai| mAnavajIvana se indriyoMkA vijita hokara rahanA hI mAnavamanakI sacI zAntikA svarUpa hai| mAnava to vijetA ho tathA indriyAM vijita ho isI meM mAnavajIvanakI zAnti Page #293 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi hai| spaSTa zabdoM meM jitendriyatA hI mAnavadharma mAnavazAstra yA dharmazAstra hai / adhyAtmakI jo sarvotkRSTa sAdhanA hai vahI jitendriyatA hai / manuSya meM jo manuSyatA hai vahI to usakI bAtmazAsanakI zakti hai| manuSya ke manameM svabhAvase hI sadasadvicArabuddhi rahatI hai / yA to indriyoM ko apane zAsa. nameM rakhakara jitendriya bane rahane yA indriyoM se zAsita hokara indriyAdhIna ho baiThane kI svataMtratA hI manuSya ke manakA svarUpa hai / apanA jite. ndriya mana hI manuSya ke liye pratyeka kSaNa svAdhyAya karane yogya saccA jJAnaanya yA zAstra hai| vedazAstroM kA prAdurbhAva utkRSTa mAnavamnameM se hI humA hai / mAnava se UMcA saMsAra meM kucha nahIM hai / yastu vijJAnavAn bhavati yuktena manasA sadA / tamyandriyANi vazyAni sadazvA iva sArathaH // upaniSad jo indriyoM ko zAnta rakhane vAle zAstrakA jJAtA tathA tadanukUla vyavahAra a.nevAsA hotA hai usake yogayukta manase upakI indriyAM sArathIke vaza meM rahanevAle suzikSita azvove. samAna upake vaza meM rahatI hai / zuci bhUpayati zrutaM vapuH prazamastasya bhvtylNkiyaa| prazamAbharaNa parAkamaH sa nayApAditasiddhibhUSaNaH / bhAravi sadAcArI anubhavI vidvAnoM ke satsaMgameM rahakara sokhA huA zucizAstra mAnavadehakA bhUSaNa hai / ( nahIM to vidvAn puruSa zocanIya hotA hai / ) apane kAmakrodhAdi vikAroM para vijaya pAkara zAnta rahanA zAstrajJatAkI malaMkiyA hai / ( nahIM to zAstrajJatA bandhyA hai|) avasara mAnepara anyAya tathA atyA. cArake vimodha zUratA dikhAnA hI indriyavijayase milanevAlI zAnti kA bhUSaNa hai / ( nahIM to nisteja kAyara zAnti manuSya kA paribhava karAne lagatI hai|) nIti arthAt vivekase prApta honevAlI siddhi ho usa parAkamakA bhUSaNa hai| avivekI sAhasI manuSyako kAkatAlIyanyAyase kabhI kabhI dikhAvaTI siddhi mila to jAtI hai parantu jaba nahIM milatI taba usake Page #294 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ nIcase vidyAgrahaNa hAnikAraka mithyA parAkrama kI vyarthatA prakaTa ho jAtI hai| vivekapUrvakArIko siddhikA koI Dara nahIM hotaa| pAThAntara- indriyANA prazamanakAra zAstram / indriyoMkI lampaTatAke nivArakako zAstra kahate haiM / azAstrakAryavRttI zAstrAMkuzaM nivArayati / / 301 // avaidha kArya karanakI bhAvanA Anepara zAstrAMkuza ( jitendriyamanakA aMkuza ) usa roka letA hai| vivaraNa- indriyoM ke sAtha viSayoM kA saMparka hokara manameM akArya karanekI uttejanA thAjAnepara jitendriyatArUpI hRdayastha jIvitamAtra utte. jita indriyoM ko apane jJAnAGkuzase vazIbhUta karake unheM kumAgase nivata karatA hai| pAThAntara- akArya pravRttI zAstrAGkuzaM nivArayati / avaidha kArya karane kI abhilASA utpanna hote hI vivekI mana meM usa dura. bhilApAke prati bhayaMkara vidroha khaDA hojAtA hai jo use kArya rUpameM pari. gata nahIM hone detaa| ___ apanI durAbhilASAko rokanese manameM eka aisI adamya zakti paidA hoto hai jo manuSyako mahApuruSa banAdetI hai| apanI zaktiko durUpayogase ro ke rahana! ho mAnavakA mahAtmApana yA mahApuruSatA hai| nIcase vidyAgrahaNa hAnikAraka nIcasya vidyA nopetavyA // 302 // nIcakI vidyA ( zAstrajJAna ) nahIM lenI arthAt agrAhA honI caahiye| vivaraNa- nIcakI vidyA nIcatAkA hI sAdhana huI rahane ke kAraNa avidyAke nAmase nindita hone yogya tathA ghRNya hotI hai / nIcI vidyA Page #295 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 268 cANakyasUtrANi nIcatAko caritArtha karanekI caturAI bana jAtI hai| nIcake zAstrajJAnako dekhakara usake dhoke meM nahIM mAjAnA cAhiye / zreSThAcArI ucca logoMkI vidyA samAjakalyANakA sAdhana hotI hai / nIcakA zAstrajJAna duSTake hAtha lage ghAtaka zastra jaisA mAnavasamAjakI zAnti ke ghAtaka rUpameM kAmameM mAyA karatA hai| zAstrajJa dasyu loga azAstrajJa dasyubhoMse dasyutAmeM adhika prAvINya prApta kiye rahate haiM / nIcake AkramaNoMse bacane ke liye usakI vidyAko prayogameM na lAnepara bhI use jAnanA caahiye| kuTilatA, mAyA, chala, kapaTa, anRta, apaharaNa, vaMcana, svArthakauzala ye hI nIcoMkI gupta vidyA haiM / inheM jAnanA to cAhiye parantu apanAnA nahIM cAhiye / nIcatA hI nIcakA svabhAva hai tathA yahI usakI vaha vidyA hai jisase vaha zreSTha samAjako duHkha pahuMcAyA karatA hai| nIca. tAko bhI eka kalA hai jise sarvasAdhAraNa nahIM rahacAna sakatA parantu upa para nIcoM ko garva hotA hai| rAjyasaMsthAke nirmAtA vijJa logoM meM prajAko nIcoMke atyAcAroM se bacAne ke liye nIcatAkI caturAIko pahacAnanevAlI tIkSNa buddhi rahanI cAhiye / jo caturAI nIcavRttivAle asuroMke pAsa raha kara samAjakA dhvaMsa karaneke liye udyata rahatI hai, use vyartha karanekI caturAI samAja ke vijJa sevakoMke pAsa pUrNa prakharatAke sAtha jAgrata rahanI caahiye| jo zastra duSToM ke pAsa pahuMcakara duSTatAke upayogameM Ate haiM ve hI zastra ziSToM ke pAsa duSTanAzake liye rahane atyAvazyaka haiM / nIcoMkI nIca. tAkA AkheTa banane se bace rahane tathA usakA ucita pratikAra karane ke liye use jAnanA Avazyaka hai| vajanti te mUDhadhiyaH parAbhavaM bhavanti mAyAvipu ya na maayinH| pravizya highnanti zaThAstathAvidhAnasaMvRtAMgAgnizitA iveSavaH / / ve asAvadhAna loga parAbhUta ho jAte haiM jo mAyAviyoM ke sAtha mAyApUrNa vyavahAra na karake sarala tathA udAra bartAva kara baiThate haiM / parakAryanAzaka dhRta loga naMge deha meM ghusakara use mAraDAlanevAle tIkSNa bANoM ke samAna Page #296 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ azlIla bhASaNa agrAhya apanI madhurabhASitAse logoMke mAramIya banakara unheM naSTa karaDAlate haiM"ArjavaM hi kuTileSu na niitiH|" dhUtoM ke sAtha saralatA nIti nahIM hai kintu nItihIna vinAzaka vyavahAra hai| ( azlIla bhASaNa agrAhya ) mlecchabhASaNaM na zikSet / / 303 // mlecchakI bhASA na siikhe| vivaraNa- mlecchoMmeM pracalita asabhyabhASaNa, gandI gAlI, apamAnakArI aruntuda (marmabhedaka) vANI bhailIla lokokti, kAmottejaka upanyAsa, galpa kathA Adi saba mlecchabhASaNakI zreNI meM bhAte haiN| logoM kI kuruci purA karane tathA suruciko naSTa karane vAlA samasta kavitA kahAnI Adi sAhitya mlecchabhASaNameM sammilita haiN| vidvatAkI cAdara moDhe hue ina kuvidyA pracAraka mlecchoM ke muMha para kisI prakArakI lagAma nahIM hotI / ye samAja adhaHpatita mlecchaloga, mAtAoM, bahanoM tathA putraputriyoM ni:zaMkamAvase paDhAne samajhAneyogya sAhityasarjana karanA hI nahIM jAnate / jaise gandA bhojana karanevAla ke mukhase gandI DakAreM AtI haiM isIprakAra ina kurasabhojiyoM ke sAhitya meM se asahya durgandha AtI hai / ye loga saba samaya sabhya-samAjako paripATIke viruddha apanI jidvArUpI charI calAte haiN| samAja ke zikSAvibhAga zikSakapadoMpara aise logoM kA pravezAdhikAra rokane ke liya durga. rakSaka hathiyAra banda praharIke samAna samAja ke sarvatomukhI jJAna khaDagako sadA sannaddha rakhanA caahiye| yadi zikSA ke nAmapara samAja phekanevAle isa mlecchapana ko nahIM rokA jAyagA to samAja manuSyatvahIna hokara Asurika. tAkA krIDAkSetra banajAyagA / gomAMsavAdakA yastu viruddhaM bahu bhaasst| sarvAcAraparibhraSTo mleccha ityabhidhIyate // jo gomAMsa khAtA, mayapUrNa pratyaka cAra vyavahAra para kaTAkSa karatA, upadaMza, kaNDati Adi rogabAloMke ucchiSTa pAtroM meM khAna-pAna karatA tathA kisI bhI bhAcAradharmakA pAlana nahIM karatA vaha ' mleccha ' kar3hAtA hai| Page #297 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 270 cANakyasUtrANi zikSAkA mukhya dhyeya manuSyatAvirodhI mleccha ruci rIti rahanasahanako samAjameM pravezAdhikAra na lenedenA hai| mlecchapana kisI bhaugolika sImAmeM sImita nahIM hai| nIcalogoMkI nIca pravRtti hI mleccha manovRtti ke rUpa meM mAtmaprakAza karane kA avasara DhUMDhA karatI hai| 'yadA yadA hi dharmasya glAnirbhavati / ' jaba kabhI manuSyasamAjameM dhArmika logoM kA prabhAva manda paDa jAtA hai taba hI saMsArameM mlecchavRtti bala pakar3a letI hai| pAThAntara--- na mlecchabhASaNaM zikSet / ( saMghaTana mlecchoMse zikSaNIya ) mlecchAnAmapi suvRttaM grAhyam // 304 // mlecchoMse bhI suvRtta sIkha lenA cAhiye / vivaraNa- mleccha bho ho tathA vaha koha suvRtta bhI rakhatA ho yaha paraspara virodhI pAta hai / isaliye bhAiye DhUMDheM ki yaha sUtra kaunase mlecchasuvRttako sikhAnA cAhatA hai ? mlecchoM meM kevala eka hI savRtta pAyA jAtA hai ki ve apane mleccha svabhAva meM sudRDha rahane kA haTha nahIM tyAgate / apane svabhAvameM dRDha rahane kA haTha hI unase sIkhane kI anukaraNIya vastu hai / unakI dRDhatA hI unakA suvRtta hai / mlecchadamana karane ke liye hamAre mleccha dveSa meM bhI mlecchoM jaisI dRDhatA tathA saMgaThana honA cAhiye / / zaTha zAThyaM samAcarat / AyasairAyasaM chedyam // zaThake sAtha zaThatAbharA vyavahAra karanA cAhiye / lohoMko lohoMse hI kATanA caahiye| gaNe na matsaraH katevyaH // 30 // asahiSNu banakara guNI ke guNoM ko upekSita na kro| vivaraNA --- guNadveSI na hokara guNaprAhI honA cAhiye / guNIke guNase dveSa yA ghRNA karanevAle ko doSa pyAre lagate haiM / doSoM se pyAra karanA duSTatA hai / gaNoMse matsara karanA duSTa svabhAva hai| guNamAmaya se samAja meM jJAnakA nirAdara hotA tathA hiMsA dveSa bhAtmaka lhk| vAtAvaraNa bana jAtA hai| guga. dveSitA masura svabhAva hai / guNako dekhakara to harpa honA cAhiye / Page #298 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kSatruoMkA raNakauzala zikSaNIya guNa hitakArI hone se pUjanIya hotA hai / 'guNairuttamatAM yAti ' manuSya guNoM se hI uttamatA, zreSThatAkA lAbha karatA hai / guNa samAjake hita ke liye atyAvazyaka haiN| guNI loga samAja ke bhUSaNa, samAjakI zakti tathA saMpatti hote haiN| samAja meM sukhasamRddhi rakhaneke liye samAjameM sadguNakA mAita honA atyAvazyaka hai| svayaM guNI loga hI guNagrAhI hosakate haiN| ina saba dRSTiyoMse rAjyasaMsthAkA nirmANa karanevAle manuSyasamAjako sadguNoM se vibhU pita rakhane ke liye apane zikSAvibhAga meM sadguNI sadAcArI guNI logoMko Adara ke sAtha rakhanA cAhiye / ( zatruoM kA raNakauzala zikSaNIya ) zatrorapi suguNo grAhyaH // 306 // zatrukA bhI sadguNa grahaNa karane yogya hotA hai / 271 vivaraNa - zatruke zatrutAcaraNakA hI virodha karanA kartavya hotA hai| yadi kabhI zatruke guNakA bhAdara karanekA avasara mile to apanI guNagrAhitAkA paricaya dete hue usase ucita bartAva karanA cAhiye | kucha loga zatrutAcaraNa karane ke abhyAsI hote haiM / isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki ye loga asatyake dAsa tathA satyake dveSI hote haiM / ina logoM kI asatyakI dAsatA tathA inake satyadveSako kabhI bhI inakA guNa nahIM mAnA jAsakatA / hA~, ina logoM ke pAsa raNakauzala nAmakI jo vastu hotI hai vahI inase sIkhane yogya guNa hotA hai / apane pratipakSIko parAjita karaneke liye inake pAsa jo raNakauzala hotA hai asatyavidrohI sadAcArIko bhI zatrudamanake liye usa raNakauzalakI AvazyakatA hotI hai / isaliye dharmasaMsthApaka vIrakI dRSTi meM vipakSadamanakI caturAI hI zatruke guNake rUpameM AdaraNIya vastu hosakatI hai / jaba kabhI zava ke pAsa aisI koI caturAI dokhe taba hI use satyakA hI sAdhana AdaraNIya guNa samajhakara apanAnA cAhiye tathA usa guNase usa zatrukA vinAza karake satyakI rakSA karalenI cAhiye / zatrukA jo AcaraNa asatyakI dAsatA meM prayukta honeke kAraNa satyadrohI raNakSetra meM Page #299 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 272 cANakyasUtrANi use raNotsAha rahA thA vahI hamAre hAthoMmeM AjAnepara hamAre zatrudamanakA sAdhana banakara satyakA saMrakSaka honese satya hI banajAyagA / zatrorapi sadguNo grAhyaH / pAThAntara viSAdapyamRtaM grAhyam // 307 // viSase bho amRta grahaNa karalenA cAhiye / vivaraNa- jaba viSa amRtakA kAma dene lage taba use viSa na mAnakara amRtarUpameM svIkAra karanA cAhiye / viSa apane prayoktA ke kauzala se viSa na rahakara amaratvadAna karanevAlA amRta bana jAtA hai| zatrutAcaraNa karanevAle loga hamAre liye viSake samAna bhayajanaka hote haiM isameM koI sandeha nahIM / parantu zatrutAcaraNako bhI apane liye hitakArI banAlenekA eka vijJajanaprasiddha nirAlA dRSTikoNa hai / zatrutAcaraNoMse manuSyakI hAni ho hAni nahIM hotI unase kucha akalpita lAbha bhI hote haiM / zatrutAcaraNa karanevAloMke zatrutAcaraNakA bhI apane abhyutthAna, gaurava, dRDhatA, satarkatA, vyavahArakuzalatA, lokaparicaya, satyaniSThA AdimeM sadupayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai / hameM AtmarakSA ke liye unake sAtha jisa samaya jo bartAva karanA ucita ho use isI DhaMga se kiyA jAnA cAhiye, jisase unakI zatrutA hamAre liye nAzaka na rahakara rakSaka banajAya / jaise vaidyake hAthoM rogIko auSadha rUpameM diyA huA viSa mAraka na hokara rogake viSAkta bIjakA nAzaka hojAtA hai, isIprakAra yadi hama zatruke zatrutApUrNa AkramaNako hameM AkraNasakA lakSya banavAnevAlI nirbalatAko haTAkara hameM zaktimAn viroddhA banA denevAlI utsAhavardhaka uttejaka mahauSaca mAnakara dugane utsAhase zatrudamanakAriNI mRtasaMjIvanI ke rUpameM prayoga meM lAyeM to hama vipako bhI amRta banAnekI kalA ke pAraMgata hojAMya / vijigISu manuSyako zatruke zatrutAcaraNase bhayabhIta na hokara, use pITha na dikhAkara, usakA saharSa svAgata karake use parAbhUta karane ke liye apane hI hRdaya meM suvarmAvRta zaktikI khAnako jagA lenA cAhiye / vIroMkA anubhava hai ki zatrukI zatrutA hameM vIratArUpI amRtAsvAdana karAnevAlI hotI haiM / zatrukA zatrutAcaraNa hI prayogakauzala se vIrake liye vIratArUpI amRta banasakatA hai / Page #300 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ paristhiti nirmAtAkA sammAna 273 ( kalyANakAriNI paristhiti banAdenevAlekA sammAna ) avasthayA puruSaH sammAnyate // 308 // manuSya anukUla paristhitimeM hI sammAna pAtA hai| vivaraNa- rAjAke sammAna pAnekI eka avasthA hai| rAjA apanI zAsanavyavasthAmeM prajAse sammAnita hone yogya paristhiti paidA karake hI prajAse rAjabhakti yA sammAna pAnekI bhAzA karasakatA hai| jaba taka rAjyasaMsthA apaneko prajAhita ke anukUla nahIM banAletI, taba taka use sammAna prApta nahIM hotaa| rAjya rAjAkA prabhAvakSetra hotA hai| vaha apanA rAjya supratiSThita hone kI mAzA taba hI karasakatA hai, jaba vaha apane prabhAvakSetra rAjyako apane sammAnake anukUla banAle / rAjAkI rAjocita yahI avasthA hai ki prajAmeM usakI pratiSThA ho| isake viparIta paristhitimeM rAjAkA durdazAgrasta hokara rAjya - cyuta ho jAnA anivArya hai| rAjAkA sammAna rAjyasaMsthAke prajAhitakArI honepara hI surakSita rahasakatA hai| samAjako guNagrAhI banAkara apanI rAjyasaMsthAko guNavatI banAye rakhanA hI rAjAke yAtmasammAnakI AdhArazilA hai| rAjAkA sammAna taba hI surakSita rahatA hai jaba rAjyasaMsthA bhI guNiyoMkA Adara karanevAlI ho tathA guNI loga bhI usakA Adara karate hoN| jaise rAjA chatra, cAmara, maMtrI, sAmanta, durga, pota, senA mAdise sammAna pAtA hai aise hI jaba manuSyake pAsa dhana, vidyA, mAna, parijana, anubhava, samAjasevA Adi samasta apekSita guNoMke ekatrita honekI avasthA AtI hai taba use usakI cirakAlona tapasyA tathA sadguNoM ke prati pragADha niSThAse hI sammAna prApta hotA hai| athavA- jIvana ke lambe anubhavoMse saMpanna baDI avasthAvAle loga samAjameM sammAnakI dRSTi se dekhe jAte haiM / zUdro'pi dazarmA gtH| avasthAvRddha zUdra bhI anubhavasamRddha hokara pUjya ho jAtA hai / 18 (cANakya.) Page #301 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 274 cANakyasUtrANi ( apane prabhAvakSetra meM hI manuSyakI pUjA ) sthAna eva narAH pUjyante // 309 // manuSya apane prabhAvakSetrameM hI pUje jAte haiM / vivaraNa - sthAnakA vivakSita artha manuSyoMkA apanA prabhAvakSetra hI hai / prabhAvakA hI mAhAtmya hai sthAnakA nahIM / prabhAvahIna manuSya saba hI sthAnoM meM niSprabha rahatA hai / satyakA prabhAva hI prabhAva hai 1 bhautika balakA prabhAva prabhAva nahIM hai, vaha to bhIti hai / satyaddIna vyakti pratyeka sthAnameM asatyakA dAsa rahatA hai / satyaniSTha prabhAvazAlI manuSya apane Atmabraha se saba sthAnoMko anukUla banAkara samujvala tathA AdaraNIya rahatA hai / pratiSThita paristhiti meM vahI prabhAvazAlI hotA hai jisane vaha paristhiti svayaM banAI hotI hai / koI bhI paristhiti kisI puruSArthahIna prabhAvahIna vyaktiko prabhAvazAlI nahIM banAsakatI / asatyakA dAsa to satyaniSTha paristhiti meM naTa hojAtA hai| isake viparIta satyaniSTha vyakti asatyakI paristhiti meM pekSita rahatA hai / asatya paristhitimeM to asatyakI dAsatA karanevAlA hI bAdara pAtA hai / usakI banAI paristhiti sadA usakI anukUlatA karatI rahatI hai / sthAnasthitasya kamalasya sahAyau vAribhAskarau / sthAnacyutasya tasyaiva kledazoSakarAvubhau // kamalake svasthAnameM lage rahanepara jala tathA sUrya donoM usake sahAyaka hote haiM / parantu jaba vaha sthAnabhraSTa hojAtA hai taba jala to usake liye kkedakAraka tathA sUrya usake liye zoSaka banajAtA hai / kamalakI sajIva avasthA hI usake mRNAlako sarala banAye rakhane meM niyukta rahatI hai| vahI DaNThala nirjIva kamalake liye jalasaMcAra karanemeM asamartha hojAtA hai / manuSyako apanA prabhAvakSetra, apanI tapasyA tathA satyaniSThA se svayaM banAnA paDatA hai | mAnavahRdaya meM apanI manuSyatAko prakaTa rakhanekI anukUlatA yA pravRtti svabhAva se rahatI hai| satyaniSThA tathA asatyadroha hI manuSyakA mAnava Page #302 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ apane prabhAvakSetrameM hI manuSyakI pUjA dharma hai / jo mAnava apane hRdaya meM satyako apane hRsiMhAsanapara abhiSikta karadetA hai, usakA svabhAva apanI bAhya paristhitiko bhI satyakA rakSaka tathA asatyakA dalana karanevAlI banAkara choDatA hai| saMsArakA lokamata isa bAA paristhitipara usIkA adhikAra svIkAra karatA hai jo satyakI manukUlatA karatA tathA asatyake viruddha apane jJAnakhaDgako tejasvI banAye rakhatA hai / rAjyasaMsthAke saMcAlaka loga siMhAsanArUDha rahane ke yogya taba hI raha sakate haiM jaba ve apane hRdaya meM asatyako parAjita karake satyakA saMrakSaNa karanevAle vizvasamrAT banacuke hoN| satya hI samAjakI manuSyatAkA saMrakSaka hai / samAjake hRdayameM samAjakI manuSyatAke saMrakSaka satyarUpI samrATakA rAjasiMhAsana svabhAvase vidyamAna hai / yaha bAhya rAjasiMhAsana samAja ke hRdayastha satyasamrATake rAjasiMhAsanakA hI bAhya pratIka hai| daivayogase isa bAhya rAjyasiMhAsanake zUnya ho jAnepara ise pUrNa karanekI yogyatA usI gyakti meM hotI hai jo apane hRdayasiMhAsana para satyako abhiSikta karacukA hotA hai / susaMgaThita manuSyatAkA saMrakSaka mAnavasamAja hI satyAnurAgI rAjAkA anukUla kSetra hai| jaba kabhI aisA rAjA usa samAjapara apane rAjyAdhikArake sadupayoga karanekA sAmarthya lekara isa bAhya siMhAsanapara ArUDha hotA hai taba se rAjasammAna svabhAvase mila jAtA hai| susaMgaThita mAnavasamAja hI rASTrasevaka rAjAkA upayukta sthAna hai / manuSya. tAhIna asaMgaThita mAnavasamAjakA rAjasiMhAsana manuSyatAhIna asuroMko pApI lIlAoMse kalaMkita rahatA hai / vaha kabhI zreSTha logoMke hAthoM meM nahIM jA sakatA / usa siMhAsanapara asuroMke bhanumodanase hI koI baiThapAtA tathA jo koI baiThatA hai vaha bhI asuroMke hAthoMkI kaThaputalI asura hI hotA hai| vaha bAsurIlIlAko hI pUrA karanevAlA narapazu asuroM ke hAthoMkI kaThaputalI banakara rAjasiMhAsanArUDha hokara apanI rAjyalipsAke sukhasvapnako bhaMga na hone dene ke liye apanI kartavyahInatAse samAjaluNThana, nArIharaNa, narahasyA, Page #303 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 276 cANakyasUtrANi zizuSadha, agnikANDa Adi paizAcika lIlAoMkA napuMsaka taTastha dRSTA mAtra banA rahatA hai / samAjadrohiyoMkA sAthI banakara dharitrIko asurabhogya zaktihIna khaMDoM meM vibhakta karake rudhirAplAvita banAkara dazoM dizAoMko cIrakAroM, hAhAkAroM, karuNa krandanoMse saMtrasta tathA trAhi-trAhike karuNadhvanise mAkAza pAtAla eka karavAdenevAlI AsurI rAjazaktikA dRSTAnta bhArata meM pratyakSa hai| vaha apane svarUpako vicArazIla logoMke sAmane pApasamarthaka chadmavezI asurake rUpa meM rakhadetA hai / bhArata briTizazAsana kI sabase piThalI AsurikalIlAke dinoM meM apane hRdayapara patthara rakhakara apane gagoM se apanA prabhAvasthAna na banAmakanevAle apane ayogya rAjAoM kI karatUne dekhacukA hai| cANakyane DhAI sahasra varSa pUrva bhArata ke logoM ke liye apanI Atmazakti se hI bhAratako apanA prabhAvakSetra banAye rakhane ke sambandha jo sAvadhAna bAgI kahI thI, usakI upekSA karane kA duSpariNAma bAja ke bhAratake vakSaHsthala para rudhiraraMjita bhASAmeM likhA huA hai / bAta yaha hai ki rAjyasaMsthA nirmANa karanevAlA kSetra nidri. tAvasthAmeM aceta paDA ho to rAjasiMhAsana anivArya rUpameM asuroMke hI hAthoM meM jAtA hai| usa siMhAsana para cAhe jo baiThe vahI yA to manuSyatA. ghAtI asura yA masuroM ke hAthoMsadakA jAnevAlA narAkAra pazu hI hotA hai| yadi kisI dezako svarAjyake mIThe phala cakhane hoM, to use satyaniSTha rAjA ke prabhAvakSetra tathA mAnavatAkA saMrakSaNa karanevAle samAjako hI svarAjyakA upayukta sthAna banAnA par3egA / satyaniSThAkA karmakSetra satyarakSaka samAja hI svarAjyakA upayukta sthAna hai / asatyaniSTha samAjameM svarAjyakA koI sthAna nahIM hai| asatyaniSTa samAjakA rAjya to eka prakArakA laTakA ThekA hai| asatyaniSTha samAjameM svarAjya honA saMbhava nahIM hai| asatyaniSTha samAjameM zAsanavyavasthAkA ati cAlAka bar3e coroMke hAthoM meM cale jAnA anivArya hotA hai / svarAjya ke phala nephUlanekA yogya sthAna satyaniSTha samAjameM hI hai / bhasatyaniSTha samAjameM baDe coroM ke hAthoM meM daNDavyavasthA hotI hai aura choTe cora daNDake bhAgI banAye jAte haiM / Page #304 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Arya sadAcAra pAlanIya 277 sthAnamutsRjya gacchanti siMhAH satpuruSA dvijaaH| tatraiva nidhanaM yAnti kAkAH kApuruSA mRgAH // siMha satpuruSa tathA brAhmaNa loga apanI janmabhUmike mAdhAraNa sthAnako tyAgakara utkRSTa yogyatA tathA sthAna DhUMDhane ke liye videza cale jAte haiM / kAka kApuruSa tathA mRga utpattisthAnake mohameM rahakara jahAM paidA hote haiM vahIM marate haiN| dvAvimau grasate bhUmiH sapoM bilazayAniva / arakSitAraM rAjAnaM, brAhmaNaM cApravAsinam // bhUmi bilazayI jIvoMko khA DAlanevAle sarpa ke samAna prajAkI rakSA na karane vAle rAjA tathA jJAnArjana ke liye pravAsa na karanevAle brAhmaNako nigala ( Arya sadAcAra pAlanIya AryavRttamanutichet / / 310 // manuSya AyasvabhAvako sadA surakSita rakkha / vivaraNa-- vidyA, vinaya, noti, dharma tathA jJAna se sampanna koga Arya sabhya, sajana yA sAdhu kahAte haiM / vaziSThane kahA hai kartavyamAcaran kAmamakartavyamanAcaran / tiSThati prakRtAcAre yaH sa Arya iti smRtaH // vaziSTha mAnavocita katavyapAlana karanevAlA tathA yathecchAcArI amAnavocita karma karane se bacakara vicArazIloM kI prAcAraparamparAko akSuNNa rakhane vAlA kArya kahAtA hai| mArya cANakyako bhAratako vaidezika AkramaNoMse bacAnekI jaisI dhuna thI Aja dezake kSubdha vAtAvaraNako, deza meM mAnavatAke nAmapara kAma karanevAlI zaktiyoM ko jhakajhora kara khaDA kara denevAlI tathA anAryatAko kucala DAlanevAlI dhuna rakhanevAle mArya puruSoM kI AvazyakatA hai| mArya cANakya Page #305 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 278 naanuss pUchanA cAhate haiM ki " kRNvanto vizvamAryam " nArevAle kahAM muMha chipAye baiThe haiM ? ( maryAdohaMghana akartavya) kadApi maryAdA nAtikAmet // 311 / / kabhI bhI ziSTAcArakI sImAkA ullaMghana na kro| vivaraNa- manuSya kisI bhI uttejanA tathA kaise bhI saMkaTakAla meM ziSToMkI maryAdAoM nItiniyamoM tathA sadAcArasImAoM kA ullaMghana na kre| ziSTa vyakti meM ziSTAcAra na tyAganekA sudRDha svabhAva hotA hai / usake manameM pratikSaNa yaha sAvadhAnavANI gUMjatI rahatI hai ki kahIM merA ziSTAcAra merI kisI asAvadhAnatAse bhaMga na ho jAya / yadi koI kSaNika uttejanAse mAkara ziSTAcArakA sImAtikramaNa karatA hai to vaha usakI maziSTa manovRttikI abhivyakti mAnA jAtA hai| saccA ziSTAcArI apane Apako kabhI bhI aziSTa kI sthiti meM adha:patita nahIM krsktaa| usakA mana ziSTA. cAra kI sImAmeM rahane ke liye pratikSaNa sajaga rahatA hai| yathA hi malinairvastrairyatratatropavizyate / evaM calitavRttastu vRttazeSaM na rakSati / / jaise manuSya malinavastra hojAnepara ( unake mailA honekA Dara na rahanepara) unheM pahanakara jahA~ kahIM baiTha jAtA hai, isIprakAra calitavRtta mAnava apane zeSa vRttako bacAne meM asamartha hokara durAcAra ke hAthoMmeM AtmasamarpaNa karake apanA svataMtra astitva samApta karaletA hai / mAnava jAne ki maryAdAkA ullaMghana yA nItiniyamoMkA bhaMga karate samaya manuSyako jo kSudra bhautika sukha yA lAbha hotA dIkhatA hai vaha usake sarvanAzakA zrIgaNeza hotA hai / pAThAntara-- na kadApi maryAdAmatikramet / / (guNI puruSa rASTra ke amUlya dhana ) nAstyarghaH puruSaratnasya // 312 // apanI jIvanavyApI tapasyAse rASTrake lalAmabhUta uttama bane hue puruSaratna kI koI upamA yA bhautika mUlya nahIM hai| Page #306 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ tapasvinI striyAM anupamaratna 272 vivaraNa- guNIke guNakA koI mUlya nahIM hotaa| usakA guNa saMsArI bAToMse nahIM tolA jaasktaa| vipulatama bhautika saMpatti bhI gaNoM kI yathocita pUjA nahIM kara sakatI / yadyapi ratnoM ke vyApArI ranoM kA mUlya ka lete haiM parantu apAra vaiduSya, agAdha gAmbhIrya, ucca cAritrya, anupama dhairya, apratihata vIratA, sabhApANDitya, yazameM ruci, sAhasa, saMyama, sahana mAdi guNoM se sampanna puruSoMkA mUlya nirdhArita nahIM kiyA jAsakatA / guNI logoMke guNa unake mAtmasaMtoSase svayaM pUjita rahate haiN| ve bAhya jagatke pramANapatroM ke pratIkSaka nahIM hote| gurUn kurvanti te vaMzyAnanvarthA tairvasundharA / yeSAM yazAMsi zubhrANi hRpayantIndumaNDalam // ve loga apanI mahimAse apane kula meM utpanna hone vAle sabako hI bar3A banAdete haiM, una logoM ke saMpArakI mahatvapUrNa vibhUti honese vasundharA unake kAraNa sacce arthoM meM vasandharA kahAne lagatI hai, jinake niSkalaMka zubhrayaza apane saundaryase candramaNDalako bhI nIcA dikhA dete haiM / dhanya haiM ve deza jahAM aise puruSaratna utpanna hote tathA jahAM ke loga apanI zikSAzAlAoM ko aise puruSa utpanna karanevAlI banAkara rakhate haiN| ( saccaritra tapasvinI striyA~ rASTra ke anupamaratna ) na strIratnasamaM ratnam // 313 // kulabhUSaNa sahadharmiNIke samAna saMsArameM koI ratna nahIM hai| vivaraNa- jAti kuladhoM ko saMrakSikA, saccaritrA, tapasvinI, sahadharmiNiyoM jaisA saMsArameM koI ratna nahIM hai / strIratna mahApuruSoM ko kokhameM dhAraNa karanevAlI mAtA hai| vaha apane pavitra, udAra, tejasvI, tapasvI vicAgese mahApuruSoMkA nirmANa karatI hai| jisa deza meM puruSasiMha utpanna karane. vAlI jagaddhAtrI jaganmAtAkA pratyakSa pratIka mAdarzasantAnapAlinI strI rUpa. dhArI ratna utpanna hote haiM vaha dhanya hai / Page #307 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 280 cANakyasUtrANi ( guNI strIpuruSoM kI durlabhatA samAjakA mahAdurbhAgya ) sudurlabhaM ratnam // 314 // guNI loga saMsArameM sudurlabha hote haiM / vivaraNa - jisakA saundarya tathA tejasvitA cittAkarSaka hotI hai vahI barana kahAtA hai / samAjako alaMkRta karanevAle strIpuruSa ratna kahAte haiM / kisI deza meM samAja ke lalAmabhUta strIpuruSoMkA utpanna hote rahanA usa dezakA saubhAgya hai / rAjyavyavasthApakoMkA kartavya hai ki ve apane deza meM ratnako utpanna karaneyogya pavitra vAtAvaraNa banAkara rakkheM / rAjAkA kartavya hai ki vaha svayaM apane samAjake aise durlabha naranAriyoMko pahacAnanevAlA ratna banakara unheM apane rASTra ke zirobhUSaNa ke rUpa meM pUjya vareNya sthAna dekara samAjakI zrIvRddhi kare / ratna zabda svajAti meM zreSTha tathA sUryakAnta, candrakAnta, padmarAga, nIlakAnta Adi vividharanoMkA vAcaka hai / ratna dhAraNa karanA dhanya yazasya mAyuSya, zrIvardhaka vyasananAzaka harSaNa, kAmya tathA aujasya mAnAjAtA hai : samAja meM manuSyatva ke saMrakSaka loga rASTrake vareNya ratna haiM / manuSyatAkA saMra kSaNa ratnaparicaya karanekI kasauTI hai / bhAratakI vaidezika vizvavidyAlayoM tathA vaidezika vaktRtAmaMcoM ( pleTaphArmoM) se vijAtIya rahana-sahana ke upAsaka manuSyatAghAtI vaidezika jaDavAdI sabhyatA ke ucchiSTabhojI bhAsurI sabhyatAkI cApalUsIkara ke pramANapatrasaMgraha karanevAle AtmasammAnaddIna anukaraNaparAyaNa pavitra sanAtana AryasaMskRti para kuThArAghAta karanevAle zvetavastrAvRta ( saphedapoza ) nakalI ratnoMko jhADabuhAra kara pheMkanevAlI AMkheM khurujAnI cAhiye ! pAThAntara- durlabhaM ratnam / ( nindita AcaraNa jIvanakI bhISaNa avasthA ) ayazo bhayaM bhayeSu || 315 // apayaza arthAt nindAI AcaraNa manuSyako manuSyatAse hIna banADAlanevAlI bhISaNatama avasthA hai / Page #308 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ alasa vidyAkA anadhikArI vivaraNa - jaba rAjyasaMsthA lokanindAkA pAtra nahIM banatI, taba hI rASTrameM guNoM kA prasAra hotA hai| isake viparIta rAjyavyavasthAmeM bhraSTAcArI lokanindita dezadrohI ayogya logoMko pravezAdhikAra milajAnA rASTrakA kalaMka hai / yaha sthiti rASTra kI patitAvasthAko dyotaka hai / dhArmika dRSTi se unnata rASTra hI nararatnoMko utpanna karanevAlI ratnakhAna hotA hai / ayaza zabda guNahInatA apakIrti tathA nindAkA vAcaka hai| gItAke zabdoMmeM " saMbhAvitasya cAkIrtimaraNAdatiricyate '' pratiSThita manu. byakI akIrti maraNase adhika kaSTaprada hai| apamAnaM tathA lajA vandhanaM bhayameva ca / rogazoko smRtabhago mRtyuzcASTavidhaH smRtH|| apamAna, akartadhyAnuSThAnase prApta lajA, andhana, bhaya, roga, zoka, smRtibhraMza ina sAta bhedoMke kAraNa mRtyu mATha prakArakI mAnI jAtI hai / samAjase ananumodita avaidha karma karane se ayaza hotA hai| ilaliya manuSya apane jIvana meM apavAdakA avasara na Ane dene ke liye pUrNa sAvadhAna rahe / kiMvadantI hai- " parIvAdastathyo harati mahimAnaM janaravaH '' saccI nindA karanevAlA niSpakSa nyAya daNDadhArI lokamata manuSya kI mahimAko naSTa karaDAlatA hai| ( alanda vidyA kA anadhikArI) nAstyalasasya zAstrAdhigamaH // 316 // puruSArthahIna ajitendriya vyaktiko zAstra para adhikAra prApta nahIM hotaa| vivaraNa- zAstrapara pUrNa adhikAra pAne ke liye sudIrgha kAlataka nira. ntara zraddhA, utsAha tathA gaharI laganase satata jAgrata rahakara usakA vilo. una tathA hRdayakA maMthana karake jJAnAmRta nikAlanA paDatA hai / yadyapi manu Page #309 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 282 cANakyasUtrANi yake manameM jJAnakA sAgara hai, parantu vaha jJAnarUpI manthana daNDase hRdayakA mandhana karane para hI prApta hokara mAnavako zAstrajJa banAtA hai / prAptavya vastuke prati udAsInatA hI Alasya hai / jitendriyatA hI manuSyakA ekamAtra adhyetavya tathA prAptavya anupama zAstra hai / Upara kaha Aye haiM ' indriyANAM prazamaM zAstram ' / jitendriyatAko apanAneke liye sAtvika puruSArtha na karanevAle loga hI AlasI kadrAte haiM / alasI mandabuddhizva sukhI vA vyAdhipIDitaH / nidrAluH kAmukazcaiva paDete zAstravarjitAH // AlasI, mandabuddhi, sukhalolupa, rogI, nidrAlu tathA kAmI ye zAstravarjita loga haiM / AlasyAd buddhimAnyaMca AlasyAtkAryavaiklavam / AlasyAdavanatizcaiva gauravaM tena nazyati // Alasya se buddhikI mandatA, kAryakI hAni tathA bhavanati hotI hai| usase gaurava naSTa hojAtA hai / isaliye unnatikAmI loga sadA niralasa raheM / pAThAntara --- nAstyAlasyasya zAstrAdhigamaH / ( straiNa kartavyahIna tathA duHkhI ) na straiNasya svargAptirdharmakRtyaJca // 317 // * ramaNIrata straiNa na to dharmakRtya karasakatA tathA na sukhI raha sakatA hai / vivaraNa - indriyAdhIna, bhogeka sarvasva, kAmakiMkara, viSayalampaTa maryA dAhIna kAmI puruSa na to apanA mAnavocita kartavya pAlasakatA aura na zArIrika mAnasika kisI bhI prakArakA sukha pAsakatA hai / tapasvI, saMyamI, udyamI, indriyanigrahI jIvana bitAne se manuSya meM teja, oja, varcasa, prabhAva Adi ve guNa paidA hote haiM jo manuSyako prabhAvabAlI banAte haiM / bhogalolupatAse manuSyakA moja kSINa hokara usakA mana, Page #310 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ straiNa striyoMse bhI apamAnita 283 indriya tathA deha kisI bhI zubhakarma karane ke yogya nahIM rahate / aise mAna. bako zArIrika mAnasika kisI bhI prakAra kA sukha prApta nahIM hotaa| samAjasevA, yajJa, satsaMga Adi AtmoddhAraka karma dharmakRtya kahAte haiM / kAmuka, lampaTa, syAsakta, sTaiNa, ramaNIrata Adi paryAyavAcI zabda haiN| (straiNa striyoMse bhI apamAnita ) striyo'pi straiNamavamanyante / / 318 // sahadharmiNI bhI straiNa puruSoMko avajJAkI dRSTise dekhatI haiN| vivaraNa- viSayalolupa kAmAsakta loga apanI viSayalolupatA, kAmA. maki, nirayagAmI nIca svabhAva tathA amanuSyocita bhogapravRttiyoM se apanI dharmaparAyaNa striyoMkI dRSTi meM bhI avajJAke pAtra banajAte haiN| vicArazIla patniyAM apane sahadharmI puruSoMko dhIra, gaMbhIra, saMyamI, alolupa, svAvalambI aura hRSTa puSTa dekhanA cAhatI hai| lolupa, kAmI loga samAjameM to nindita hote hI haiM, apane gharameM bhI apanI pratiSThA kholete tathA gharoMko nIti tathA durAcArakA ar3A banAlete haiN| lolupa, kAmI loga mAnasika rUpameM durbala hone ke kAraNa akarmaNya, avizvAsI, anurasAho, azraddheya, adhIra, agaMbhIra, asaMyamI, ayazasvI tathA nirbala hojAte haiN| svaiga loga saJcAritrya tathA sacchaktike abhAva ke kAraNa sudhI samAja meM ava. halita rahate haiN| puruSakA yahI guNa mAnA jAtA hai ki vaha puruSArthase sampanna ho tathA apane guNoM tathA parizramose apane samAjako alaMkRta kre| jo loga ina guNoMse bhraSTa hote haiM, jo samAjake kalaMkasvarUpa hote haiM, unakI sahadharmiNiyAM bhI unheM ghRNAkI dRSTi se dekhatI haiM / sahadharmiNI apane bhartAko samAjameM to yazasvI puruSasiMha ke rUpa meM tathA gharameM gharako gauravAnvita karane. cAle rUpameM dekhane kI icchA lekara hI use patirUpameM varaNa karatI haiN| ve apane carako kalaMkasAgarameM DUbodene ke liye bhartAkA varaNa nahIM krtii| na puSpArthI siMcati zaSkatarum // 31 // jaise puSpArthI zuSka taruko na sIMcakara jIvitako sIMcatA hai Page #311 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi isI prakAra samAjakI zobhA baDhAnevAle putraratna utpanna karanevAlI patniyoM meM svAbhAvika Agraha hotA hai ki unheM aise pati mile jo samAjako suzobhita karanevAle hoM / 284 vivaraNa- putraratnoMkI utpAdaka patniyAM Adarzacyuta straiNa patike Adarzase apane gharoM ke vAtAvaraNako kalaMkita dekhanA nahIM cAhatIM / jitendriyatA ( arthAt dharmavirodhI kAmabhoga na cAinA ) hI saMsArakA saccA sukha tathA mAnavajIvanakI AkAMkSaNIya sAra vastu hai / sAragrAhI loga Alasya tathA avaidha bhogako kabhI nahIM apanA sakate tathA viSayalolupa nikamme hokara kabhI nahIM par3e rahasakate / jisakI jisameM prayojanasiddhi ho vaha usIke liye prayatna kre| udAharaNa ke rUpameM dugdhArthI dhenusevAse dugdha prApta kara sakatA hai vRSabha dohanase nahIM / athavA - jaise puSpArthI zuSkatarusiMcana nahIM karate, isIprakAra manuSyocina jIvana bitAne tathA apanI santAnoMke liye suzikSAkA vAtAvaraNa banAkara apaneko samAjakA bhUSaNasvarUpa banAkara rakhane kI icchuka parinaya amanuSyocita lolupatA tathA lampaTatAvAle avIra patiyoMse prasanna nahIM gian pAThAntara -- puSpArthinaH siMcanti adbhiH puSpatarum / jaise putrapArthI loga jaloMse puSpavRkSako hI sIMcate haiM, isI prakAra sukhArthI loga apane jIvanako sukhake prasravaNa saMyamasrotasvinI se hI siMcita kareM / ( bhrAnta upAyoM se sukhAnveSaNa niSphala ) adravyaprayatno bAlukAkkAthanAdananyaH // 320 // jaise bhUkha miTAneke liye bAlukAko ubAlanA nirarthaka hotA hai isI prakAra bhrAnta upAyoMse sukhAnveSaNa bhI vyartha hotA hai / vivaraNa - indriyAsakti Upara se sukhada dIkhanepara bhI sukhakI Upapara Page #312 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ parihAsa akartavya bhUmi hai / indriyAsakti meM sukha pAnekI ucchA manuSyakA utanA hI yatha prayatna hai jitanA ki bAlukA ubAlakara sarasa bhojana pAnekI abhilASA / viSayatRSNAko caritArtha karake sukhAnveSaNa karanA apane ko ananta duHkhajAla meM phaMsAlenA hotA hai / samAjameM manuSyatA ke saMrakSaka saMyamakA Adarza rakhane para hI usameM sukha zAnti surakSita raha sakatI hai / isake viparIta samAjako bhogamAtralakSyavAle jaDavAda ke pIche calAnA use duHkha tathA nairAzya ke mArgapara lecalanA hai / samAjako mAnavatAke saMrakSaka saMyama ke Adarza para rakhanA rAjyasaMsthAkA sAmAjika uttaradAyitva hai / apanI rAjya saMsthAko sAmAjika uttaradAyitvako pUrA karanevAle kartavyamArgapara rakhanA hI samAapati vijJapuruSoM kA dhyeya honA cAhiye / 285 pAThAntara bAlukApIDanAdananyaH / anucita sthAnameM prayatna telake kiye bAlU nicor3ane jaisA niSphala ayatna hai / (sIdhe-sAde satyaniSThoMkA parihAsa akartavya ) na mahAjanahAsaH kartavyaH // 321 // vijJa samAjasevakakA upahAsa nahIM karanA cAhiye / vivaraNa - manuSya meM vidyA, pratApa, udAratA, anubhava, dhana tathA dharmake kAraNa mahAnatA AtI hai / ina guNoMse saMpanna vartamAna yA bhUta logoMko upahAsa yA upekSAkA pAtra nahIM banAnA caahiye| isa pravRttise apane manameM bhI hInavRtti paidA hotI tathA upahAsakartAko bhI logoMkI dRSTi meM hIna banA detI hai / aise loga sAdhutAdrohI hokara mahApuruSoMse milanevAle lAbhoMse vaMcita hojAte haiM / lokokti hai- " pratibaghnAti hi zreyaH pUjyapUjyAvyatikramaH " pUjyoMkI pUjA na karanese manuSyakA kalyANa naSTa hojAtA hai / asatyaniSTha bhogaparAyaNa jaDavAdake pIche bhaTakanevAlI sabhyatA nAmavAlI barbaratA jahAM kahIM vidvattA, satyaniSThA, manuSyatA, tejasvitA, Page #313 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 286 cANakyasUtrANi vIratA, sAdhutA, sAdagI Adi sadguNa dekhatI hai, vahIM usakI bhora upekSA tathA upahAsaparAyaNa ghRNAbharI dRSTi DAle binA nahIM mAnatI / bhAsurI samAjakA sAhitya, sabhA-samiti, zikSA-dIkSA, veza-bhUSA Adi saba kucha manuSyatA ke Adarzako nIcA dikhAne tathA usakI haMsI ur3Ane meM hI apanI buddhimattA tathA sArthakatA samajhate haiM / ( azlIla parihAsa na karo ) ( adhika sUtra ) na narmaparIhAsaH kartavyaH / azlIla parihAsa na kare / vivaraNa - azlIla gaMvAra parihAsa, laghutA, asAratA, agaMbhIratA, apratiSThA, apamAna tathA nItibhraSTatAkA paricAyaka hai / sabhya samAjako apane rASTrakI pavitratAkI rakSA karaneke liye apanI zikSAvyavasthA meM manuSyataH saMrakSaka satyAnumodita zAsana karanevAle ziSTAcArako mahatva denA cAhiye / ziSTAcAra meM capalatA, laghutA, mithyAdikhAvA, asaMyama, madAndha bhogiyoM kI anukaraNapriyatAko pravezAdhikAra nahIM milatA / samAjake sacce sevaka hI ziSTa nAma se sammAnita hone yogya haiM / unakA AcAra hI ziSTAcArarUpa meM sammAna pAnekA adhikArI hai / ( kAraNa saMgraha se kArya saphalatA ) kAryasampadaM nimittAni sUcayanti / / 322 / / kAraNasaMgraha hI kAryakI saphalatAkI sUcanA dete haiN| vivaraNa -- asatyakA virodha karanA hI satyarakSArUpI kArya hai / asatya virodharUpI satyarakSA dI manuSyasamAja meM sarvamAnya kartavya hai / isa kartavyako svIkAra karanekI preraNA denevAlI preraka bhAvanA hI isa satyarakSArUpI mahatvapUrNa kAryakA kAraNa yA nimitta hai / bhAvanAkI jo zuddhatA hotI hai vahI to kartavyakI saphalatAkI sUcanA hotI hai / kartavya meM pazcAtApa ke avasarakA na rahanA hI kartavyakI saphalatA hai / jo kisI kAmako apane atyAjya kartavya ke Page #314 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zaiyArthI muhUrta nahIM dekhatA 281 rUpameM svIkAra karaletA hai vaha apanI bhAvanAkI zuddhatAko svayaM apane mAnasanetroMse dekhakara usake zubhAzubha bhautika pariNAmoMke viSaya meM samaSTi rakhakara pazcAtApake atIta hojAtA hai| kartavyaniSTha vyakti gItAke zabdoM meM "AtmanyevAtmanA tuSTaH'' kI sthiti meM pahuMcakara asatyavirodharUpI dharmayuddha kA vijayI yoddhA banacukA hotA hai| use apane vijayazIla yoddhA banacukanekI sUcanA apane abhrAnta kartavyanirNaya se svayaM hI mila jAtI hai| (kAraNasaMgrahakA mahatva ) nakSatrAdapi nimittAni vizeSayanti / / 323 // nimitta nakSatroMse bhI adhika mahatva rakhate haiN| vivaraNa manuSyasamAjameM kisI zubha kAryakA prAraMbha karane ke liye nakSatragatiyoMke AdhAra para zubha muhUrta dekhanA pracalita hai / parantu vAstavi. katAkI dRSTi meM kAryakI nizcita saphalatAkI sUcanA to yahI hotI hai ki zubha kArya meM usa kArya ke nimittakAraNa abhrAnta ho| nimittoMke abhrAnta honekA abhiprAya yaha hai ki usa kartagyakI preraNA denevAlI bhAvanA zuddha aTala tathA balavatI ho| jaba vartamAna kSaNake kartavyako isa rItise nizcita kara liyA jAya phira usameM vilamba na karake use tatkSaNa pAlalenA caahiye| kartavyapAlanameM vilamba karanA hI zubha muhUrtako khodenA tathA use tatkSaNa karaDAlanA hI zubha muhUrtako muSTi meM nigRhIta karalenA hotA hai / pAThAntara- nakSatrAdinimittAni vizeSayanti / nakSatra Adi nimitta bhAvI ghaTanAoM kI vizeSa sUcanA dedete haiM / (zainyArthI muhUrta nahIM dekhatA ) na tvaritasya nakSatraparIkSA // 324 / / jise kisI kAryako zIghra karanA ho vaha nakSatraparIkSAka jhagaDameM na pdde| Page #315 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 288 cANakyasUtrANi vivaraNa- vaha to utsAha tathA apanI dRDhatAko hI zubha muhUrta mAnakara kAma prAraMbha kare | kartavyako tatkAla pAlana karanevAle kartavyazIla ke liye nakSatrakI anukUlatA dekhanekA avasara nahIM hai / kartavyazIla ke lie nakSatrakI anukUlatA koI mahatva nahIM rakhatI / usake lie kartavyakI anivAryatA hI anukUlatA hai / ( doSajJAnakI sthiti ) paricaye doSA na chAdyante // 325 // paricita hojAne para kisIke doSa ajJAta nahIM rhte| vivaraNa - paricitake doSaguNake saMbaMdha meM abhrAnta tathA niHsaMdigdha hojAnA hI saccA paricaya hai| kisIkA vizvAsa karanese pahale usase suparicita hojAnA atyAvazyaka hai / paryApta paricayake binA kisIkA vizvAsa karalenese pratArita hone kI pUrI AzaMkA rahatI hai| paricaya honepara guNadoSa donoM prakAza meM AjAte haiM / pUrA paricaya hue binA lokacaritrako samajhanA asaMbhava hai| paricaya ke binA manuSya ke viSaya meM paryApta bhrama rahatA hai / jJAnI apane jaise jJAnIkA hI vizvAsa karasakatA hai / manuSya svayaM kasauTI banakara hI dUsare jJAnI ke sAtha sahayogakA saMbandha jor3ane kI yogyatA pAtA hai 1 ( buroMke liye saMsAra meM koI bhalA nahIM ) svayamazuddhaH parAnAzaMkate / / 326 / / svayaM pApI vyakti apanI kasauTI para kasakara dUsare bhadra logoM ko bhI pApI samajhaletA hai / vivaraNa- svayaM patita vyakti dUsaroM ko bhI apanI hI kasauTI para kasakara sabako apane hI samAna azuddha samajhakara apanA sahayogI banAnA cAhatA hai / azuddha ke liye saMsAra meM bhale loga nAmakI koI vastu nahIM hotI 1 Page #316 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ svabhAva nahIM chUTa sakatA ( svabhAva nahIM chUTa sakatA ) svabhAvo duratikramaH / / 327 // 283 svabhAva tyAganA kaSTasAdhya hotA hai / vivaraNa - manuSyakA mana jJAnI yA ajJAnI donomeMse kisI eka sthitiko apanAkara svabhAva ke pravAha meM bahakara yA to jJAnAnukUla yA ajJAnocita AcaraNoM meM Ananda mAnAkaratA hai / eka dina kiyA huA karma agale dina svabhAva banajAtA hai / svabhAvAnuyAyI kAma karanA kisI eka dinameM sImita na rahakara sadAtana svabhAvakA rUpa grahaNa karaletA hai / yaha asaMbhava bAta hai ki eka dina zubhakarma meM AnaMda lenevAlA manuSya agale dina azubhakarma karanevAlA ajJAnI bnjaay| yaha bhI asaMbhava hai ki pahale dina azubha karma karanevAlA azubhakarmameM sukhabuddhi rakhatA huA ajJAnI agale dina zubhakarma karanevAlA jJAnI banajAya / jabataka ajJAnIko ajJAnameM miThAsa AtA rahatA hai tabataka zubhakarma usake liye kaSTasAdhya yA kaSTaprada hI banA rahatA hai| zuddha bhAvanAkI madhuratA ho zubhakarma karAtI tathA karAsakatI hai / zuddha bhAvanA hI jJAna hai / jaba manuSya jJAnI banacukatA hai taba hI usakA mana zubhakarmakA miSTAsvAdana karanemeM samartha hotA hai / yoM jJAnakI AMkheM banda karake rahanevAle ajJAnI kA koI bhI AcaraNa unmIlitacakSu jJAnIke AcaraNake samAna nahIM ho sakatA / isa dRSTise jJAnIsamAjakA kartavya hai ki vaha rASTrasevArthI ke jJAnakA pUrNa paricaya pAye binA, use samAjakalyANase saMbandha rakhanevAlI rASTrasevA ke kSetra meM sammilita vA niyukta na kare / yahI yahAM isa sUtrakA abhiprAya hai / pahale to manuSya apanI svataMtratAkA durupayoga karake ajJAnI svabhAva banAtA hai phira usIke adhIna hokara baiThajAtA hai / phira apanA hI banAyA huA svabhAva use atyAjya dIkhane lagatA hai / yaha manuSyakI ajJAnamayI sthiti hai / parantu jaba manuSya jJAnakI abhrAnta dRSTi lekara koI dRDhanizcaya karatA hai taba usake puruSArthake sAmane koI bhI zubhakarma duHsAdhya nahIM radda19 (cANakya) Page #317 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 290 cANakyasUtrANi pAtA / jaba eka kSudra nadI calapaDanekA dRDhanizcaya karake apane udgama sthAnase nikala paDatI hai, taba vizAlakAya parvatoMkI bhImakAya caTTAnoMko bhI, usa dRDhanizcayI nadIko mArga deneke liye apane Apako dvitaTabhUmi banA. lenA par3atA hai| yaha saba dRDhanizcayakI apAra mahimA hai / dRDhanizcaya jJAnIkA hI ekAdhikAra hai / jJAnameM hI dRDhatA sthiratA tathA akSaya sukha hai ajJAnameM mahaDhatA bhasthiratA tathA duHkha hai / dRDhanizcayake abhAvameM ajJAnIkA mohagrasta svabhAva duratikrama yA dustyAjya banArahatA hai / jJAnI ajJAnI donoM sUryakI tejasvitA tathA aMgArakI kAlimAkI bhAMti sarvathA aparityAjya bhinnabhinna svabhAva rakhate haiM / parantu jaise maMgArake jalakara rAkha hojAnepara usameM zubhratA AjAtI hai, isIprakAra ajJAnake parityakta hojAnepara mAnavamana meM zubhratA mAnA svAbhAvika hojAtA hai / manuSyakA mana svabhAvase sukhAnurAgI hai| vaha duHkhasevI bananA kabhI nahIM cAhatA / ajJAnI ajJAnameM sukha mAnatA tathA jJAnI jJAnameM suskA mAnatA hai / ajJAnI jJAnIke tathA jJAnI ajJAnIke AcaraNoMko nahIM apanA. sktaa| isaliye nahIM apanAsakatA ki use usImeM sukha prApta hotA hai| jJAnI ke liye jJAnayukta tathA majJAnIke liye ajJAnayukta AcaraNa hI sukhasAdhya hotA hai / prAyaH loga samajhate haiM ki jJAnI ajJAniyoMke sAtha mila. kara upayogI kArya karasakatA hai| parantu yaha unakA bhrama hai| jJAnI majJAniyoMke sAtha milakara koI bhI mahAn uddezya siddha nahIM krsktaa| jJAnIkA bhAcaraNa hI rASTra meM sArvajanika kalyANakArI AcaraNake rUpameM apanAne yogya hotA hai / jJAnI hI rASTra kalyANameM apanA jIvana samarpita karasakatA hai| rASTrasaMsthAmeM jJAniyoM ko hI pravezAdhikAra milanA cAhiye / rAjyasaMsthAke sukhalobha paidA karasakanevAlA honese usakA nirmANa karanevAlA manuSyasamAja rAjyasaMsthAnirmANake kAmako manuSyatAke saMrakSaka jJAnI logoMke hAthoM meM sauMpakara hI nizcita hosakatA hai / isa dRSTi se sukhalobha paidA karasakanevAlI rAjasevAmeM ajJAniyoMko sammilita karane kI bhrAnti nahIM karanI tathA nahIM hone denI cAhiye / isaliye nahIM karanI cAhiye ki ajJAnI mAnava apane bhAcaraNoMmeMse amanuSyocita sukhecchAkA tyAga nahIM krsktaa| vaha hAthameM Page #318 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ daNDakA parimANa 291 rAjyAdhikAra pAkara rASTako apanI AsurikatAkA tANDavakSetra banAye binA nahIM mAnatA / isa dRSTise jJAnIsamAjakA kartavya hai ki vaha rASTrasevArthIke jJAna arthAt hRdayazuddhikA pUrA paricaya pAye binA use samAjakalyANase saMbandha rakhanevAle rASTra sevAkSetrameM sammilita na kare yA na hone de| yaha bAta bhI jJAnIke svabhAvake viruddha hai ki vaha majJAniyoM ke sAtha samajhautA karake milI-julI rASTrasevAmeM unakA sahayoga kare yA unase sahayoga prApta kre| bAta yaha hai ki sevA mAtmasantoSa dilAnevAlI hai / pada-pada para virodha pasthita karate rahanevAle ajJAnIke sAtha sammilita honA jJAnIke svabhAvake viruddha hai| vicAroMkI ekatA dI milanakI kuMjI hai| jJAnI ajJAnIke svabhAva pUrva-pazcimake samAna sarvathA bhinna hote haiM / vicAra manaSyake svabhAvakA hI pratinidhitva karatA hai / vicAroM kA pUrNa paricaya pAye binA kisIke svabhAvakA paricaya honA asaMbhava hai| ( daNDakA parimANa) aparAdhAnurUpo daNDaH / / 328 // daNDa aparAdhake anurUpa honA caahiye| vivaraNa- guru aparAdhameM laghudaNDa, laghumaparAdhameM gurudaNDa, niraparAdhako daNDa, tathA sAparAdhako madaNDa honese samAjameM kSobha tathA anIti phailatI hai / daNDanyavasthA na honese lokameM mAtsyanyAya ( bar3I machalIkA choTiyoMko khAlenA-zaktimAnoMkA nirbaloMko utpIDita karane laganA ) cala paDatA hai tathA rASTra arAjaka hojAtA hai| daNDa prajAkI rakSA tathA suzAsana banAye rakhane meM atyAvazyaka sAdhana hai / daNDaH zAsti prajAH sarvAH daNDa evAbhirakSAta / daNDaH supteSu jAgarti daNDaM dharma vidurbudhAH // (manu) daNDa hI prajA para zAsana tathA usakI rakSA karane vAlA hai| vaha sote. huoM meM bhI jAgatA hai| isaliya vidvAn loga (dharmako dharma na kahakara dharmakA saMrakSaka honese ) daNDako hI dharma kahate haiM / Page #319 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi adaNDyAn daNDayana rAjA daNDyAMzcaivApyadaNDayan / ayazo mahadApnoti narakaJcAdhigacchati // maNDanIyoMko daNda detA tathA daNDanIyoMko daNDa na detAhumA rAjA apayaza pAtA tathA adaNDita honese udaNDa bane hue aparAdhiyoMkI bulAI vipatti meM phaMsajAtA hai / daNDa aparAdhIkA anivArya prApya hai| aparAdhI aparAdha karake apane mApa daNDakA AhvAna karatA hai| pApIke daMDita honeke mUlameM daNDadAtAkA kartApana na hokara aparAdhIkA hI kartApana rahatA hai| pApI hI svayaM daNDadAtAko daNDa dene ke liye vivaza karatA hai| jaise anucita kaThoradaNDa prajAmeM azubha pratikriyAkA utpAdaka honese uttejanA phailAnevAlA hotA hai, isIprakAra mRdudaNDa bhI pApottejaka honese hAnikAraka hotA hai| vadho'rthagrahaNaM caiva pariklezastathaiva c| iti daNDavidhAnadaNDo'pi trividhaH smRtaH // daNDavidhike jJAtA vadha, arthagrahaNa tathA zarIrake bandhana, tADana, masanA, nindA mAdi bhedase daNDako tIna prakArakA kahate haiN| daNDake saMbandhameM vizeSa jAnaneke liye arthazAstra, yuktikalpataru, bhArgavanIti, mahAbhArata, rAjadharma Adi dekhane caahiye| ( uttara kaisA ho ?) kathAnurUpaM prativacanam / / 329 // pratyuttara praznake anurUpa honA caahiye| vivaraNa- avizvAsapAtra logoMke praznoM kA uttara dete samaya nimnaprakArase socanA cAhiye / praznase adhika uttara denese manake ve gupta tatva, jinheM anadhikArIko nahIM batAnA cAhiye, muMise nikalapaDate haiM tathA hAni karate haiM / praznakA uttara saMyata bhASAmeM apane tathA praznakartAke adhikArako pUrA vicArakara denA cAhiye ki praznakartAko mujhase isa bAtakA uttara lene Page #320 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vezabhUSA kaisI ho? 293 tathA mujhe use isakA yathArtha uttara denekA adhikAra bhI hai yA nahIM ? yadi praznakartAko adhikAra na ho, yA hamArA use usake praznakA yathArtha uttaradenA kartavya na ho, to donoM bhavasthAnoM meM bAtako kisI bhI prakAra TAladenA cAhiye yA ayathArya uttara dekara usakI anadhikAraceSTApara AghAta karanA cAhiye / satyavAdI yA yathArthavAdIpanake bhramameM Akara cAhe jise cAhe jo bAta batAkara samAjakA bhakalyANa karabaiThanA nIvihInatA hai| samAjakA kalyANa hI praznottaroMke aucityakI kasauTI hai| praznakartAkI samAjahitaiSitA tathA uttarakA samAjahita ke liye aucitya spaSTa dekha lenepara hI prazna karanA tathA usakA uttara denA ucita hotA hai| anyathA prazno. ttaroMke vyartha tathA ahitakArI honese unheM tyAgadenA hI kartavya hotA hai| manuSya yaha jAne ki kucha uttara na denA bhI uttara dene kA hI eka nirAlA DhaMga hai| maunase bhI to apanA manobhAva yA kartavya vyakta kiyA jAsakatA hai / vyarthabhASaNa rokane ke liye mauna hI usakA prAsaMgika uttara hai| vyarthavacana vacanase hI vRddhi pAtA hai / vyarthavacanakI baDhabArako rokanA hI spaSTa kathana ke rUpa meM paristhityanusAra apanAneyogya hai| isake viparIta jaba vizvAsapAtra logoM ko uttara denekA prasaMga mAva taba na to praznakA kucha bhAga anuttarita choDanA cAhiye tathA na apRSTa bAteM kahakara vaktavyako lambA karanA cAhiye / mitabhASI rahakara uttara denA caahiye| jaba koI prazna vivAdakA viSaya banarahA ho taba prasaMgako na samajhakara uttara denese vivAda tathA vitaNDA paidA hojAtI hai / anucita bhASaNa karane vAlA manuSya nindita hotA tathA nyAyAlayoMmeM daNDAI mAnAjAtA hai / ( vezabhUSA kaisI ho ?) vibhavAnurUpamAbharaNam // 330 // manuSya apane dehakI sajAvaTako apanI Arthika sthitima sImita rakkhe / vivaraNa- dehako susajita rakhanA samAjameM pracalita hai / mAnavakA Page #321 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi yaha svabhAva ati na kara jAya isaliye isapara niyantraNakI parama mAvazya. katA hai| vahI niyantraNa isa satrakA abhiprAya hai| pazubhoMmeM dehako susajjita rakhanekI pravRtti nahIM hotI / pazuke pAsa mana nahIM hai| manuSyakA vivekI mana jahAM use AdhyAtmika saMpattise susajjita dekhanA cAhatA hai vahAM vaha use lokavidviSTa amandara veSameM bhI rahane denA nahIM caahtaa| dehako saumyadazana banAkara rakhanA manavyakI hI vizeSatA hai| usakI yaha vizeSatA mAnavocita ziSTAcAroM meM sammilita hogaI hai / ziSTAcAra manuSya samAjakA alaMkAra hai| ziSTAcAra hI manapyasamAjakI saMpatti hai / jo samAja. bharakA alaMkAra hai vahI vyaktike vyaktigata AcaraNakA bhI alaMkAra hai| parantu dhyAna rahe ki dehako susajjita rakhanA samAjako ziSTAcArarUpI sampattimeM hI sImita rahanA cAhiye / kisIkA bhI sapane dehako sAmAjika ziSTAcArake virudva sajjita karanekA adhikAra nahIM hai| manuSya apane dehako sajAne kI pravRttivAle mAnavadharmase taba hI alaMkRta. karasakatA hai jaba vaha isa sambandhI ziSTAcArakA pAlana kre| mAnavadharma yA manuSyatA hI samAja tathA vyaktikI sAmpattiA yA mArthika sthiti yA vaibhava hai| pArthiva dhanakI bahulatA yA nyUnatAko mAnavadharma nAmavAlI usa vaibhava. mayI sthiti meM vaiSamya utpanna karanevAlI nahIM banane denA cAhiye / yaha vidhamatA samAjameM azAnti utpanna karanevAlI sAmAjika nyAdhi hai| apane dehako alaMkRta karane ke isa svAbhAvika svabhAvako kadApi kisI bhI prakAra apanA sImollaMghana nahIM karane denA caahiye| apane dehAlaM karaNI svabhAvako vyakti ke hRdayako vyAdhigrasta karake samAjake bhI hRdayako myAdhigrasta karane. vAlA nahIM banane denA caahiye| manuSyatA samAjabharakA samAnAdhikAra hai| samAjameM manuSyatArUpI samAnAdhikArako upekSita nahIM hone denA cAhiye / samAjameM manuSyatArUpI samAnAdhikArakI upekSA honepara dhanasaMpatti ke sAtha niyamase lagI rahanevAlI bhedotpAdaka IA dveSa, lobha, atRpta kAmanA mAdi vyAdhiyAM utpanna hojAtI tathA samAjake sAmAjika adhikArameM vighna mAkhaDe hote haiN| isase samAja alaMkRta hone ke sthAnameM bIbhatsa viSamarUpa dhAraNa Page #322 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ veSabhUSA kaisI ho ? kara letA hai / samAjake vijJa logoMko use aisA banane denese rokanA cAhiye / dezako alaMkRta karanA vyaktikA svecchAcAra nahIM honA cAhiye / 295 dehako alaMkRta karane ke adhikArako vyaktike svecchAcAra meM sammilita na ho dekara use sAmAjika ziSTAcAra, surUci tathA naitika kalyANa meM sammi lita rakhanA caahiye| kyoMki sAmAjika kalyANameM hI mAnavakA kalyANa hai isaliye sAmAjika ziSTAcAra, suruci tathA mAnavakA naitika abhyusthAna hI manuSyakA saccA vaibhava yA Arthika sAmarthya hai / paramArtha hI manuvyakA saccA vaibhava hai| apanI upArjita suvarNamudrAoM para yatheccha upayogakA vyaktigata adhikAra jamAlenA vyakti tathA samAja donoM hI ke liye anarthakArI hai / satya hI manuSyakI sArvajanika saMpatti hai / satyarUpI sArvajanika saMpattike adhikAra meM samarpita hojAnevAle vyaktikA dhana usakA vyaktigata dhana na rahakara samAja ke sArvajanika kalyANake upayoga meM AsakanevAlA sArvajanika dhana banAtA hai / jaba manuSya isa samAjadharmako bhUlakara bhrAntise dhana para manuSyakA adhikAra mAnatA hai taba hI vaha apane dhana para apanA adhikAra mAnatA hai / yaha usakI bhrAnti hotI hai / isa bhrAntikA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki vaha apane dhanakA durupayoga karake samAjakA akalyANa karanemeM pravRtta hojAtA hai| sUtra kahanA cAhatA hai ki deva sajAne kI svAbhA vika pravRttiko sAmpattika durupayogase bacAkara rakhanA cAhiye | apane derpara vastrAlaMkAra dhAraNa karanese pahale sAvadhAna hokara soca lenA cAhiye ki hamArI usa ceSTAkA hamAre samAjapara kyA prabhAva hogA ? vaha prabhAva samAjameM IrSyAkAmanA yA kisIke kisI prakAra ke adhaHpatanakA kAraNa to nahIM bana jAyagA ? samAjavAsI pratyeka vyaktikA kartavya hai ki vaha apanI veza-bhUSAke saMbandha meM isa sArvajanika kalyANakI dRSTise vicAra kiyA kare aura utsava sammelana tathA svAbhAvika, sAmAjika anuSThAnoMke avasaroM para bADambara Page #323 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 296 cANakyasUtrANi rahita ziSTAcAra kI sImAse zAsita rahakara usameM sammilita huA kare / vijJa manuSyoMkA kartavya hai ki ve apane parivAra ke sadasyoMse bhI vezabhUSA ke sambandhameM sAmAjika suruciko surakSita rakhavAnekA dhyAna rakkheM / dehako alaMkRta karaneke adhikAra ko apanA sImollaMghana karane denA kadApi abhISTa nahIM hai / ( AcaraNa kaisA ho ? ) kulAnurUpaM vRttam || 331 // AcaraNa apane abhyarhita kulake anurUpa honA cAhiye / 7 vivaraNa -- apane AcaraNoMse apane yazasvI kulako maryAdAkI rakSA karanI cAhiye | jJAnIsamAja hI manuSyakA kula he / jJAnIsamAja hI rASTrakI rAjazaktikA nirmAtA hai / vahI prabhu yA svAmI banakara rAjazaktiko sarvahitakArI jJAnamArga para calAtA hai / isaliye pratyeka manuSyakA, jJAnI samAjakA sadasya bane rahanA hI apanA svAbhimAna hai| isa bAtako kabhI na bhUlakara apane svabhAvako sAmAjika sukha-samRddhi meM sImita rakhanA cAhiye / jJAnI hI manuSyasamAjakA yazasvI vizAla kula hai / jJAniyoMke kula meM janma lenevAloMse yaha AzA kI jAtI hai ki unakA sadAcAra unakI nItiparAyaNatA Adi UMcI zreNIkI ho / unakA AcAra nirmala tathA hRdayaprAhI ho / nikRSTa AcaraNa batAte haiM ki yaha manuSya kisI hIna kulakI prasUti hai / pAThAntara-- kulAnurUpaM vittam / vitta manuSya ke pAsa apanI kuLaparamparAkI upArjana yogyatA ke anusAra hotA hai / ( prayatna kitanA ho ? ) kAryAnurUpaH prayatnaH // 332 // prayatna karmake anusAra honA cAhiye / vivaraNa- kAryakI laghutA yA gurutA ke anurUpa hI prayatna bhI laghu yA Page #324 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dAna kitanA deM? 297 guru honA cAhiye / kAryako laghutA yA gurutAke anusAra sAmagrI ekatrita karake kAryakA upakrama karanA cAhiye / jaise sAdhana juTAye jAyage, jaisA prayatna kiyA jAyagA, vaisA hI phala prApta hogaa| kartavya cheDanese pahale usakA ucita samaya, usake sahAyaka, usake anurUpa deza, apanI dhanazakti, utsAhazakti, usase honevAle lAbha tathA apanI karmazaktikI iyattAse pUrA paricita honA cAhiye / kartavya prAraMbha karanese pahale socanA cAhiye yaha kAma mere svayaM karanakA hai yA dUsaroMse karAnekA hai ? apane vyaktigata svArtha ke liye hai ? yA samAjakI ucita sevAke liye hai ? abhI karane kA hai ? yA bhavi. SyameM hitakArI hai ? yA maniSTa saMbhAvanAmoMse bharapUra hai ? kaH kAlaH kAni mitrANi ko dezaH ko vyayAgamauM / ko vAhaM kA ca me zaktiriti cintyaM muhurmahuH // kAryopayogI kAla sahAyaka bhitra kAryopayogI deza hai yA nahIM ? mere Ayavyaya isa kAryako karane kI AjJA dete haiM yA nahIM ? merI sthiti kyA hai ? mujhe yaha kAma karanA cAhiye yA nahIM ? yaha merI zakti meM hai yA zaktise bAhara hai ? ye saba bAta pratyeka kAmameM sadA socanI cAhiye / ina praznoM kA ucita samAdhAna hone para hI kAma karanA caahiye| (dAna kitanA deM ?) pAtrAnurUpaM dAnam / / 333 / / dAna tathA usakI mAtrA, dAnapAtrakI uttamatA, madhyamatA tathA adhamatA arthAt usakI vidyA, guNa, avasthA tathA AvazyakatA rUpI yogyatAke anusAra honA cAhiye ! vivaraNa-- dIna, rogI, nirAzraya, anAtha, paMgu, aMdhe, vipana, nirdhana, vidyArthI, deva, dvija, guru, vidvAn kI jIvanayAtrA tathA samAjotthAnake kAmoM meM vibhavAnusAra dAna dekara apane samAjako sukhI, sampanna, sadguNI banAye rakhanA Page #325 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 298 cANakyasUtrANi cAhiye / yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM ki samAja tathA apanemeM abheda sambandhakA darzana karate rahakara samAjake abhyutthAnako sapanA hI abhyutthAna mAnanA cAhiye / hamAre pAsa rakkhe hue dhanakA jo yathArthasvAmI thA vaha yAcakakA miSa lekara hamAre sAmane bhA khaDA humA, isakI dharohara ise sauMpakara uRNa hojAnA hI dAnakA yathArtha svarUpa hai| pAThAntara--- arthAnurUpaM dAnam / dAna apanI arthazaktike anurUpa honA caahiye| (veza kaisA ho ? ) vayo'nurUpo vezaH / / 334 / / veza avasthAke anurUpa honA caahiye| vivaraNa- pariNatavayaska ( bAliga ) logoMke Upara yaha sAmAjika uttaradAyitva svabhAvase samarpita hai ki ve pUre jJAnI anubhavase samRddha mitavyayI tathA ziSTAcArI hoM tathA ve jo veza dhAraNa kareM vaha pariSkRta ruciko surakSita rakhanevAlA tathA samAjahitakArI mAnavadhamake anurUpa ho| unakA yaha kartavya hai ki sAmAjika kalyANakArI rucivihita veza na pahane tathA samAjako vipathagAmI parAnukaraNapriya tathA durbala hRdaya na banane deN| satyakI upekSA karake vyaktitdakA anukaraNa karanA manupyakA vivekahIna hRdaurbalya hai| viveka satya kA hI abhrAnta anukaraNa karAtA hai, gyakti. svakA nhiiN| vayaska logoMko pUrNa jJAnI tathA samAjake stambha banAnekA uddeza rakhanevAle vivakI sadasyoM kA yaha gaMbhIra uttaradAyitva hai ki ve bhAjake bhAratIya rASTra meM phailI huI videzI veSAnukaraNakI dUSita manovRttiko dRDhatAse rokeM tathA apane vyavahArake dvArA unameM samAjakI kurucike viruddha khaDe honekA sarasAisa paidA karake samAjako dRDhacaritravAlA banAyeM / (bhRtya kaisA ho ? svAmyanukUlo mRtyaH / / 335 // bhRtyako svAmIka anukUla AcaraNa karanevAlA honA caahiye| Page #326 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhAryA kaisI ho ? vivaraNa - satya hI svAmI tathA nRtya donoMkA prabhu hai / bhRtyakA satyAnukUla banAnA hI Adarza, satyaniSTha, saphala svAmIke anukUla bananA hai / 299 nRtyako suyogya svAmIkI hI nIti apanAnI cAhiye tathA usIke dinameM apanA hita mAnanA cAhiye / bhRtyakI nIti ke satyaniSTha svAmI ke anukUla na hone para bhUtyakA kA apanA bhI aniSTa tathA svAmIke kAryakI bhI hAni hotI hai / bhRtyako svAmIkI AjJA pAlanI cAhiye tathA usIke anukUla AcaraNa karanA cAhiye / rASTrasevaka svAmIko rASTrasevAparAyaNa bhRtyoMse hI kAma lenA cAhiye / rASTrasevAparAyaNatA hI rAjakIya nRtyoMkI yogyatA hai / yogyatAkI isa kasauTI para kasa kara hI navIna bhRtyoMkI sevA 1 svIkAra karanI cAhiye / ( bhAryA kaisI ho ? bhartRvazavartinI bhAryA / / 336 / / bhAryAke bhartAke anukUla rahane meM hI gRhasthajIvana kA kalyANa hai / vivaraNa- gRhasthajIvana nAmaka ratha patipatnI nAmake do cakroMse calatA hai / ina donoMkI pArasparika anukUlatA hI donoMkI svataMtratA hai tathA pratikUlatA donoMkI hI parAdhInatA hai / bhartA bhAryA donoMkA AdarzasamAjasevaka honA atyAvazyaka hai / parantu ina donoMmeM pArasparika ekatA taba hI saMbhava hai jaba ki donoM ke jIvanakA lakSya eka ho / pArasparika pratikUlatAkA ekamAtra kAraNa AdarzakI bhinnatA tathA vicArakA virodha hI hotA hai / bhartAkA dhyeya to apane zreSTha AcaraNoMse apanI bhAryAko anukUla banAye rakhanA honA cAhiye, tathA bhAryAkA dhyeya apaneko bhartAkI anukUla sahadharmiNI banAnA honA cAhiye / pArasparika anukUlatA donoM hokA uttaradAyitva hai / samAja ke sacce sevaka manuSyatA ke saMrakSaka suyogya santAjaukA mAtApitA honA hI bhartA tathA bhAryA donoMke jIvanakA ekamAtra I Page #327 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 300 cANakyasUtrANi lakSya rahanA caahiye| yahI vaha lakSya hai jo donoMkI pArasparika tathA sAmAjika zAntiko sudRDha banAye rakhanevAlI bhAdhArazilA hai / pAThAntara- bhartRvazAnuvartinI bhAryA / (ziSya kaisA ho ?) guruvazAnuvartI ziSyaH // 337 / / ziSyako guruko icchAkA anuvatI honA cAhiya / vivaraNa- yahAM vaza zabda icchAke artha meM prayukta huA hai| mAnava. samAjameM manuSyatAkA saMrakSaNa tathA sukhasamRddhikA utpAdana karanevAlI mAdhyAtmika tathA sarvaprakArako bhautika vidyA guruparamparAse hI surakSita rahatI haiM / gurukA kartavya hai ki vaha samAjasevAke dvArA apanI vidyAkA sadupayoga karake RpiRNase uraNa hojAya / usakA kartavya hai ki vaha yogya pAtrako ziSya ke rUpa meM apanAkara usakI yathocita jJAnasevA karake samA. jake prati apanI kRtajJatAkA pradarzana kre| ziSya vidyArjana taba hI karasakatA hai jaba vaha garumeM mAsmasamarpaNa karake rhe| arthAt apane Apako guruke vAtAvaraNakA pAjJAkArI aMga banAkara rakkhe / gurukI vidyAkA grahaNa taba hI saMbhava hai jaba ziSya gurukI icchAkA anuvartana karake usake premako apanI ora AkRSTa karale / ziSyakA yaha sAmAjika kartavya hai ki vaha apane vidyAdhanako apane svArthasAdhanake upayogameM bhAnevAlA na mAne kintu use samAjako sevAke sAdhana ke rUpa meM svIkAra kare / sacchiSyakI yahI yogyatA mAnI jAtI hai ki vaha bhAdarzasamAjasevaka gurukI sadicchAkA anuvartana karanevAlA ho| gurukA samAjasevI honA atyAvazyaka hai| gurukA samAjadrohI honA kadApi abhISTa nahIM hai tathA yaha koI zubhalakSaNa nahIM hai| samAjasevA hI vidvAn guruoMke gurupadako zobhita karanekI yogyatA hai / ziSyoMko isa yogyatAko apane hRdaya meM supratiSThita karanevAle guruSoM ke hAthoM meM pUrNa bhAsmasamarpaNa karake Page #328 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ putra kaisA ho ? rahanA cAhiye / yadi ziSya loga gurulogoM se unakI pUrI jJAnanidhi lelenA cAheM to apane Upara unakA mana dravita karaneke liye unake vazameM raheM tathA unhIMkA anusaraNa kareM / ziSyako jJAna tathA caritrakI dIkSA denevAle gurukA anusartA honA cAhiye / jaise govatsa apane bAlocita AtmasamarpaNa yA premadAnase apanI gomAtAko pacAsakara use dUdha pilAneke liye vivaza kara letA hai, yA jaise jalArthI manuSya khanitra se khodatA - khodatA antameM bhUmiko jala deneke liye vivaza karadetA hai, isIprakAra ziSya loga apanI zuzrUSA, ArAdhanA, anusAritA, samarpaNa tathA samAjasevA ke uccAdarzase guruko prabhAvita karake use vidyAmRta pilAneke liye vivaza kara DAlanevAle baneM taba hI ve kisI viSaya ke pAraMgata vidvAn banasakate haiM | yathA khanan khanitreNa naro vAryadhigacchati / tathA gurugatAM vidyAM zuzrUSuradhigacchati // 301 durvinIta duHzIla azuzrUSu asevaka samarpaNaddIna loga ziSya hone yA kisI vidyAkA rahasya pAneke yogya nahIM hote / guru bhI zAnta, zAstrajJa, dhArmika, dayAlu, zIlavAn, samAjasevaka vicakSaNa, loka-caritrajJa tathA pravibhAse sampanna honA cAhiye / ziSyaloga guruke agAdha pAMDitya tathA ucca caritra se hI prabhAvita hote haiN| aise ziSya loga guruoM ke vazavartI hokara vidyA, zIla, nIti, naipuNya tathA jJAnako anAyAsa pAjAte haiM / ( putra kaisA ho ! ) pitRvazAnuvartI putra: / / 338 / / putrako pitAkI icchAkA anuvartI honA cAhiye / vivaraNa - pitA ke samasta anubhava tathA usakI sampatti cAhanevAle putrako usakI zubha icchAoMkA anuvartI hokara rahanA cAhiye / Page #329 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 302 cANakyasUtrANi putrako apane pitAko zarIradhArI yA sAkAra Izvara mAnakara usake sAtha pUrNa vAtmasamarpaNakA sambandha joDakara rahanA cAhiye / pitA bananekI abhilASA rakhanevAloMkA samAjakI manuSyatAkA saMrakSaka samAjasevaka honA bhanivAryarUpase Avazyaka hai / unakA yaha bhI kartavya hai ki ve apanI santatike sammukha isI mAdarzako rakhakara pArivArika netRtva grahaNa kreN| jo pitA bananevAle loga apanI santAna ke sammukha isa ucca Adarzako nahIM rakhate, unakI santAnoMkA lakSyahIna ucchaMkhala nirguNa honA anivArya hai / pitA hI santA. noMke svabhAvika saMrakSaka tathA madirza hote haiN| santati apane svabhAvika saMrakSaka mAtApitAkI icchAke anuyAyI jIvanalakSya nirNaya karane meM hI apane jIvanakI saphalatA samajhatI haiN| santAnakI isa anukaraNapravRttikA durupayoga na karake isakA sadupayoga karanA yogya mAtApitAkA gaMbhIra kartavya hai / santAnakA ucchRkhaka honA siddha karatA hai ki pitA lakSyahIna hai tathA isIliye kartavyahIna hai| ( anucita Adara tathA bheTa mata saho) atyupacAraH zaGkitavyaH // 339 // kisIkA adhika lobhanIya sAmagrI prastuta karanA saMdehakI dRSTise dekhanA cAhiye ki aisA kyoM kiyA jA rahA hai ? ( kupita svAmIpara pratikopa na karake apanI bhUla sudhAroM ) svAmini kupite svAminamevAnuvartata // 340 // prabhuke kupita honepara usIko prasanna karanA caahiye| vivaraNa- jaise bhUmipara girapaDanevAlA manuSya usIpara hAtha Tekakara upara uThatA hai, isIprakAra Azrita bhRtyaloga apanI kisI bhUlase yA bhramavaza svAmIke kupita hojAnepara apane yathArtha upakAraka nAyaka pAlaka svAmIko hI prasanna karanekA prayatna kreN| Page #330 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ apanI bhUla sudhAro 303 prabhupadapara abhiSikta vyakti bhAzritakA kalyANakArI hotA hai| jaba koI kisIkA mAzraya svIkAra karatA hai taba usameM bhAzritapAlanakI zakti dekhakara hI usakA mAzrita banatA hai| manuSya svabhAvase usIkA Azrita banatA hai jahAMse use abhAva dUra karanekA AzvAsana mila jAtA hai| samAja apane yogya sevakoMko hI rAjyAbhiSikta karake unheM prajApAlakakA mApana detA hai| rAjA samAjakA hI pratinidhi hotA hai| rAjAkA prabhutva svIkAra karane. vAlI prajA rAjAko samAjakA hI pratinidhi mAnatI hai / isa arthameM prajA Uparase dekhane meM to rAjAkA parantu vAstava meM samAjakA hI prabhutva svIkAra karatI hai / isakA artha yaha huA ki kisI vyaktikA rAjAkA kopabhAjana bananA samAjakA hI kopabhAjana honA hai| rAjAkA droha karanA samAjaka hI droha karanA hai / isaliye rAjabhakta prajAko rAjaroSa dekhate hI apanA aparAdha pahacAnakara AtmasudhAra karanA cAhiye / isI prakAra rAjAkA bhI kartavya hai ki yaha samAjako hI apane prabhuke rUpameM pahacAnakara apaneko rASTrasevakakI sthiti meM rakhakara apane samAja yA lokamatako prakupita karanevAle AcaraNakA saMzodhana karake apane sacce prabhu rASTrake pratinidhi lokamatako prasanna rakhe / mAtRtADito vatso mAtaramevAnuroditi // 341 / / jaise mAtAse tADita bAlaka tADanajanya rudana karatA huA bhI mAtA hIke pAsa jAtA tathA usIke AMcalameM muMha chipAkara usIse apanA ronA rotA hai, isIprakAra manuSya apane hitaiSiyoM, khajanoM, guruoM tathA prabhuoMke ucita kAraNase kupita hojAnepara unheM hI apanAye rahe tathA AtmasudhAra karake apanI orase unheM prasanna karane kA prayatna karatA rahe ! vivaraNa-- apane aparAdhakA pAlana karake unheM prasanna karanA hI unheM Page #331 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 304 cANakyasUtrANi apanAye rahane kA ekamAtra upAya hai| aparAdhI bane rahakara to hitaiSI prabhuke deSakA pAtra hI bane rahanA anivArya hotA hai| pAThAntara-mAtRtADito bAlo ......... / (hitaiSiyoMke roSameM aniSTa bhAvanA nahIM hotI) snehavataH svalpo hi roSaH / / 342 / / snehI gurulogoMkA roSa aniSTabhAvase rahita hotA hai / vivaraNa-- snehavAnoMkA roSa aniSTakArI na hokara sudhAraka bhAvanA yA hitabuddhi se prerita hotA hai / Upara isI bhAvanAse unake kupita hojAne para bhI unhIMkA anusaraNa karane ke liye kahA gayA hai| pAThAntara- snehavataH svalpo'pi roSaH / api zabda hIkA sthAnApanna honese arthasamAna hai / (mUDhakA svabhAva ) AtmacchidraM na pazyati paracchidrameva pazyati bAlizaH // 343 // mUrkha apanA aparAdha na dekhakara dUsarohIkA aparAdha dekhA karatA hai| vivaraNa- mUrkha apanA doSa yA aparAdha na dekhakara dUsaroMkA ahitA. caraNa karanekI apanI duSpravRttise prerita hokara dUsaroM dIke aparAdha DhUMDhatA phirA karatA hai / vaha mAtmasudhAra na karake apanI mUDhatAse hI cipaTA rahanevAlA ciramUrkha banArahatA hai| vaha dUsaroMkA chidrAnveSaNa karake unheM bhI apanI jaisI mUrkha zreNI meM ghasITanekA mUDha prayatna karake mithyA AtmasantoSa kamAyA karatA hai| vaha hitAhitavivekazaktihIna honese nijadoSoMkI morase baMdhA hokara dUsaroM ke doSoMkA AviSkAra karane meM apane amUlya durlama mAnavajIvanakA durupayoga kiyA karatA hai / Page #332 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mUDhakA svabhAva 305 nIcaH sarSapamAtrANi paracchidrANi pazyati / Atmano bilvamAtrANi pazyannapi na pazyati // nIca manuSya dUsaroMke to sarSapatulya choTe nagaNya doSa bhI dekhatA phirA karatA hai / parantu apane to bilva jaise mahAdoSa bhI use dikhAI nahIM dete| guNadoSAnazAstrajJaH kathaM vibhajate janaH / kimandhasyAdhikAro'sti rUpabhedopalabdhiSu // ( daNDI ) azAstrajJa arthAt saMyamase anabhijJa manuSya burAI bhalAIko nahIM pahacAna sakatA, kyA kahIM kabhI aMdhoko bhI rUpoM ke bheda jAnanekA adhikAra huA hai ? ___ mUrkha jaba koI mUrkhatA karabaiThatA hai, taba usakI mUrkhatAkA yahI rUpa hotA hai ki hamameM apanI mUrkhatAko pakaDane tathA use nindita karanevAlI buddhi nahIM hotI / yadi kinI meM mUrkhatA pahacAnane tathA use nindita karane. bAlI buddhi ho taba to use buddhimAn hI kahanA hogaa| mama buddhi kA na honA hI to murkhatA hai / AtmasudhArakI jo bhAvanA hai vahIM to buddhimattA hai / jisa hRdayameM AtmasadhArakI pravRtti praharIkA kAma karatI rahatI hai usa hRdayameM mUrkhatAko sthAna nahIM miltaa| usa hRdaya meM bhrAnti kabhI hotI hI nhiiN| manuSyatAke saMrakSaka samAjasevakoM ko cAhiye ki ve apane sevya prabha mAnavasamAjako pratyeka kSaNa mAtmasadhAra ke liye satarka rakheM tathA samAjameM bhAparikatAko na ghumane dene ke liye samAjake praharI banakara rheN| AtmasudhArakI jo bhAvanA hai vahI to mUrkhatAvidhvaMsaka pANDitya yA vidvattA hai| apane mana meM bhalinatAko praveza na lene denA ho mAtmasudhArakako bhAvanAkA artha hai / pavitra hRdaya hI AtmamudhArakA kriyAzIla kSetra hai| malina hRdayameM to malinatA hI badamUla hokara rahatI hai| usameM AtmasudhArakI bhAvanAko utpanna hone kA avasara hI nahIM miltaa| mUrkha loga mali. natAko cipaTe raha kA svAparAva janita kSAtako bhI parAparAdhajanita mAnaneko bhrAnti karake bhAtmasudhArase vaMcita rahate tathA sadA mUrkha bane rahate haiM / 20 (cANakya.) Page #333 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 306 ( dhUrtokA vazIkaraNa mantra ) sopacAraH kaitavaH // 344 // dhUrtaloga dUsaroMke kapaTasevaka banAkarate haiM / vivaraNa - dhUrtaloga mIThI bArto, ramaNIya upahAroM, paritoSaka upakaraNoMse apanA ullU sIdhA karanA cAhAkarate haiM / sevA tathA paritoSake upakaraNa upacAra ' kahAte haiM / upacAra zabda utkoca artha meM bhI vyavahRta hotA hai / * pAThAntara---- nopacAraH kaitavaH yaha pATha arthahIna hai / cANakyasUtrANi / ( dhUrtatAvAlI sevA upacAra hai ) kAmyairvizeSairupa caraNamupacAraH / / 345 / / viziSTa kAmya padArthoMkI bheToMse dUsaroMko apanI asatyakI dAsatAmeM sahAyaka banAnekA prayatna karanA dhUrtIkI sevAkA svarUpa hotA aura yahI ' upacAra ' kahAtA hai / vivaraNa - dhUrtaloga apane sevya manuSyakI nIcapravRttiyoMkI tRpti ke liye iMdhana juTAkara usakI girAvaTase lAbha uThAne kI durabhisaMdhi rakhate haiM / bhUtoM kI sevA bhI pracchanna lUTa hI hotI hai / ( zaMkanIya sevA ) ciraparicitAnAm atyupacAraH zaMkitavyaH // 346 // ciraparicita vyaktikI anucita sevA zaMkanIya honI cAhiye / vivaraNa - kisIkI bhI anucita sevAko zaMkAkI dRSTise dekhanA cAhiye / vizeSa rUpa se ciraparicitakI anucita sevA cATukAritA hai / atyupacAra cATukAritAkA hI dUsarA nAma hai / cATukAra ke phaMde meM phaMsajAnA Page #334 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ nirbala se sadoSa nahIM choDe manuSyatAvirodhI mUrkhatA hai / jaba tumhAre pAsa ciraparicita loga tumhAre sAmane baDha baDhakara lobhanIya sAmagrI rakhakara bhakti pradarzita kara rahe hoM taba tumhAre manameM unakI gupta svArthI mAnasika sthitike saMbandhameM zaMkA hojAnI cAhiye ki Aja ye apane kisI vizeSa svArthase merI isa prakArakI dikhAvaTI atisevA kara rahe haiM / ciraparicitoMkI samucita svAbhAvika sevA kabhI saMdehakA kAraNa nahIM hotI / parantu jaba koI sevA sevya sevaka donoMkI dRSTi se maucityakA atikramaNa karajAtI hai taba usa sevAko saMdeddakI dRSTise dekhanA aura asvIkAra karadenA cAhiye / I 307 ( nirbala se sadoSa paricita nahIM choDe jAte ) ( adhika sUtra ) ciraparicitAnAM tyAgo duSkaraH / jaba ciraparicita loga lobhopAdAnoMse vazIkaraNa maMtra calAne lage taba unakA yA unake upacAroMkA tyAga nirbala manavAleke liye duSkara hojAtA arthAt tana, tyAga aura grahaNakI vikaTa samasyA khaDI hojAtI hai / vivaraNa- aise samaya una AtmIya kahalAnevAle ThagakI ThagAIse bace rahanekA sUkSma, gaMbhIra, jaTila kartavyarUpI parIkSAvasara upasthita hojAtA hai / usa samaya do parasparavirodhI grAhya vastuoMmeMse ekako svIkAra tathA dUsaroM ko asvIkAra kara denekA prazna upasthita hojAtA hai / taba una paricita ThagoM se AtmarakSA karanI cAhiye / aise samaya una paricita ThagakI bAta tathA apane dharmarakSA nAmaka kartavyakA pAlana ina do virodhI prasaMgako dharmaturu yA kartavyatulA ke do palaDoMpara rakhakara tokanA cAhiye / usa samaya apane dharmarakSaka kartavyako mahatva denese hI una dhUtAMke tyAgakI duSkaratAko haTAyA jAsakatA hai| duSkara yA kaThina saMsAra meM kucha nahIM hai| jisake liye jo prastuta nahIM hai vahI usake liye duSkara yA kaThina hai | kaThinatAke prati kaThora hote hI kaThinatA yA duSkaratA, mRdutA tathA sukaratAyeM pariNata ho Page #335 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 308 cANakyasUtrANi jAtI hai / vahI kAma ekake liye duSkara tathA dUsareke liye sukara hotA hai| dhIrake liye satyArtha maranA sukara hai kAyarake liye satyArtha maranA duSkara hai| jo jisake liye prastuta hai vaha usake liye sukara hai| jo jisake liye prastuta nahIM hai vahI usake liye duSkara hai| sukaratA duSkaratA manakI kalpanA hai / ye karmake dharma na hokara mana ke dharma haiN| aba sociye ki aise ciraparicita ThagoMkA tyAga duSkara kaise hai ? sUtra nirbala manavAloMkI sthitiko kaha rahA hai aura sabala manavAloMkI sthitike sambandhameM cupa rahakara isakA nirNaya pAThakoMke Upara choDarahA hai| gaukarA zvasahasrAdekAkinI zreyasI // 347 // jaise viggaDa bhI akelI gau sahana kuttoMse adhika upakArI hotI hai isIprakAra upacArahIna rUkhA bhI upakArI vyakti anu. pakArI sahasroM Thaga paricitoMse zreSTha hotA hai| vivaraNa- upakArasvabhAvavAlA cAha eka hI ho use apanAo anupa. kAra svabhAvavAle sahasroMko tyAga do| saMkhyAdhikyakA bharosA na karake guNakA bharosA karo / guNa hI grAhya hai saMkhyAdhikya nhiiN| ( adhika sUtra ) zvaH sahasrAdayakAkinI shreysii| jaise bhaviSyameM milanevAle sahasra dhanase vartamAnameM milanevAlI damaDI ( chadAma ) zreSTha hotI hai, isIprakAra bhaviSyake kalpita mahAlAbhakI apekSA pratyakSakA alpalAbha zreSTha hai| varATakAnAM dazakadvayaM yan sA kAkinI tAzca pnnshctsrH| bIsa kauDIko eka kAkinI cAra kAkinIkA eka paNa / ( vartamAna choTI sthiti AzAke baDe meghoMse acchI ) zvo mayUrAdadya kapoto varaH // 348 // bhaviSyameM milanevAle baDe morase aba milanevAlA choTAsA kabUtara acchA hai| Page #336 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vizvavijayI mAnava vivaraNa - hastagata sAdhanako hI sAdhana mAnanA cAhiye / anAgata sAdhanoM ko apanI zraddhA nahIM denI cAhiye / anizcita sAdhanakA bharosA karake hastagata sAdhanakA upayoga na karanA kartavyabhraSTatA hai / manizcita aprApta sAdhanoM kA bharosA karanA vRthA hai / kala kucha mila sakegA yA nahIM yaha anAgata hone se anizcita hai / hAthakI vastu samakSa upasthita hai / upasthita svalpa bhI zreSTha hai / anupasthita bahutakA bhI koI vyavahArika mUlya nahIM hai | ( anaitikatA kartavyabhraSTatAkI utpAdaka ) atiprasaMgo doSamutpAdayati // 349 // 309 kisI bhI kArya meM anaitikatAkA AghusanA usa kAryake uddeiyako vinaSTa karanevAlI kartavyabhraSTatA hai / vivaraNa - viSaya meM atiprasakti arthAt unakA avaidha sevana aniSTa tpanna karatA hai / isase zArIrika aindriyaka tathA bhautika aniSTa hote haiM / isase manuSyakA tejambI bhAga naSTa hojAtA tathA vaha nisteja hokara upekSita padadalita hokara paranirbhara jIvana kATaneke liye vivaza hojAtA hai / athavA kisIke sAtha anucita ghaniSThatA baDhAnA aniSTa utpanna karanevAlA hotA hai| ( vizvavijayI mAnava ) sarva jayatyakrodhaH || 350 // krodhahIna ( rAgahIna vinIta suzIla ) vyakti vizvavijayI bana jAtA hai / vivaraNa - cittacAMcalya hI krodha hai / buddhiko sthira rakhanA vijetA ke liye anivArya rUpa se Avazyaka hai / spaSTa zabdoMmeM krodhapara vijaya pAlanA hI vizvavijaya hai / buddhikI jo sthiratA hai vahI to vijaya hai / buddhikI ja asthiratA hai vahI to parAjaya hai / saMgrAma meM jisakI buddhi, antataka sthira Page #337 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 310 cANakyasUtrANi rahatI hai vahIM vIra kahAtA aura saMgrAma meM vijayI banatA hai / apane lakSyapara sthira rahanA hI akrodhakI sthiti hai / krodha svayaM lakSya bhraSTatA 1 nija zAntikI surakSA hI vizvake saMpUrNa saMgrAmoMmeM surakSita rakkhe jAne yogya vijayI sthiti hai / bhautika zaktikI anucita icchA hI parAjita sthiti hai / yaha icchA apanI rukAvaTako dekhate hI bhaDaka uThatI hai aura krodha banajAtI hai yahI bAta gItA ke zabdoM meM 'kAmAt krodho'bhijAyate' kAmase krodhakA janma hotA hai| bhautika zaktike prayogase anucita DhaMgase lAbhAnvita hojAnekI icchA hI krodha hai / yaha bhautika zaktikI abhAvagrastatA se pIDita avasthA honeke kAraNa nirbala sthiti hai / ajeya mAnasika sthitimeM krodhako kahIM sthAna nahIM hai / ajeya mAnasika sthiti nizcita vijayavAlI, zakti tathA ullAsa se paripUrNa sthiti hai / apanI kAmanAke mArgako haTAnekA Agraha hI krodhakA rUpa leletA hai / jo loga apanI anucita icchAoM ke vijetA hote haiM, akrodha unhIM kI mAnasika sthitikA nAma haiM / akrodhazIla loga bhautika zaktikI alpatAse apa. neko nirbala anubhava nahIM karate / ve zastrAstroMse vizvavijayI na hokara manobalase vizvavijayI hote haiM / ( buddhivijaya udIyamAna mAnavakA sabase pahalA kAma ) ( adhika sUtra ) matimuttiSThan jayati / unnatizIla manuSya, apane akrodhake kAraNa, apanI buddhiko apanI gaMbhIra vicArazakti se abhibhUta kara ke samunnata rakhatA hai / vivaraNa -- unnatizIla manuSya apanI buddhiko nIcAbhigamana nahIM karane detA / vaha use krodhAdi doSoMse abhibhUta nahIM hone detA / ( krodhapara kopa karanA kartavya ) yayapakAriNi kopaH kope kopa eva kartavyaH // 351 // unnatizIla manuSya, apane akrodhake kAraNa, apanI buddhiko apanI gaMbhIra vicArazakti se abhibhUta karake samunnata rakhatA hai / Page #338 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ krodhapara kopa karanA kartavya vivaraNa- apakArakapara krodha AnevAleko apane mAbhyantarika ripu krodhako hI sacce apakArakake rUpameM pahacAnanA cAhiye / bAharI apakAraka loga to manuSya ke sAmane krodhake kAraNa utpanna yA upasthita karake mAnavako krodhAdhIna na hokara saMgrAmavijayI bananekA avasara dete haiM / aise mahatvapUrNa avasarapara krodhI banate hI manuSyako vijayagauravase vaMcita karadenevAlA krodha usakA saccA zatra siddha hotA hai| aise samaya usa krodhako vyartha karadenA hI usakI vijaya banajAtA hai / manuSyako cAhiye ki vaha zatrupara vijaya pAnese bhI pahale apane krodhI svabhAvapara krodha karake akrodha banakara kAmameM hAtha lagAye / ___ kAryakA prasaMga Ate hI krodhameM mApase bAhara hojAnA kAryavinAzaka mAnasika sthiti hai / krodhase baDhakara koI apakArI nahIM hai| apakArIko parAjita karanekI kalA krodhAdhIna na hone meM hI hai| kyoMki akrodha svayaM vizvavijayI sthiti hai, isaliye koI bhI apakartA krodhavijayI manuSyase usakI vizvavijayI sthiti nahIM chIna sktaa| apakartA loga akrodhake sAmane parAjita hokara rahate haiN| krodhAviSTa na hojAnA hI apakArIko parA. jita karanA hai| apaneyamudetumicchatA timiraM roSamayaM dhiyA puraH / Avibhidya nizAkRtaM tamaH prabhayA nAMzumatApyudIyate // ( bhAravi) udayAbhilASI loga apanI vivekabuddhise roSa yA krodhase paidA honevAle aMdherako haTAyeM / ye dekheM ki sUrya bhI apane tejase rAtrike dhdhAntakA bhedana kiye binA udita nahIM hotaa| balavAnapi kopajanmanastamaso nAbhibhavaM ruNaddhi yaH / kSayapakSa ivaindavIH kalAH sakalA hanti sa shktisNpdH|| ( bhAravi) jo balavAn honepara bhI krodhase utpanna honevAle mohake AkramaNako haTA Page #339 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 312 cANakyasUtrANi nahIM detA vaha kRSNapakSa meM ghaTatI calI jAnevAlI indukalAbhoMke samAna apanI prabhuzakti, maMtrazakti tathA utsAhazakti tInoM zaktiyoM ko naSTa kara DAlatA hai| krodhAndhakA lokottara sAmarthya bhI aMdheke jaMghAbala ke samAna vyartha hojAtA hai| samavRttirupaiti mArdavaM samaye yazca tanoti tigmatAm / adhitiSTati lokamojasA sa vivasvAniva medinIpatiH / / ( bhAravi ) jo rAjA apanI buddhivaniko sAmyAvasthAmeM rakhakara jaba jaisA avasara ho taba kabhI mRdu tathA kabhI tIkSNa banAnA jAnatA hai yaha Rtubhedase mRdu tathA tIkSNa hote rahanevAle sUrya ke samAna apane bhoja, teja, dhairya, mRdutA, tIkSNatA Adi lokarakSArtha apekSita Avazyaka guNoMse samasta lokapara mAdhipatya sthApita karatA hai| ( vivAda kina se na kiyA jAya ? ) / matimatsu mUrkha-mitra-guru-vallabheSu vivAdo na kartavyaH // 352 / / buddhimAnoM, mUkhoM, mitroM, guruoM tathA prabhuoMke muMha caDha logoMse kalaha na karanA caahiye| vivaraNa-- buddhimAna se kalaha karanA mUrkhatA hai / mUrkha se apanI ora se kalaha cheDanA mUrkhatA hai / mitrase kalaha karanA apane hI hitase dveSa karanA hai / gurumoMse kalaha karanA jJAnIlokase vaMcita rahanA hai / apane pAlaka yA rakSaka prabhuse kalaha karanA apanA sarvanAza karanA hai| buddhimAn ke jIvana meM mUrkhako choDakara anya kisIse bhI kalaha karanekA avasara nahIM aasktaa| mUkhoMkI mUrkhatAke kAraNa unake sAtha saMgrAma karane ke avasara buddhimAnoMke pAsa bhI jAte haiN| parantu unase jahAMtaka saMbhava ho bacanA hI buddhimattA hai / phira bhI isa saMgrAmase sadA bace rahanA saMbhava nahIM hotA / satpuruSoM ke jIvana meM mUlkI orase zatazaH vinoMkA upasthita honA svAbhAvika hai : Page #340 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aizvaryameM paizAcikatA anivArya 313 yadi satpuruSa loga saMgrAma chedanevAle mUkhoMkI AkrAmaka vRttiko nivRtti karane meM saphalatA pAliyA karate to saMsArameM mUkhoMkA rahanA asaMmava ho jaataa| satpuruSoM se vivAda cheDanA hI mUkhauMkA svabhAva hotA hai / yaha sUtra mUkhoMke saMbaMdha buddhimAnakA yaha kartavya batAnA cAhatA hai ki buddhimAn manuSya mUrkhase vAgvivAda karake usakI AkrAmaka manovRttiko rokanekI durAzA na kare / buddhimAnakA kartavya to mUrkhakI samajhameM mAsakanevAle dANDika upAyoM ke dvArA usase mUkhocita bartAva karake AtmarakSA karanA hai| isImeM buddhimattA hai| khalAnAM kaNTakAnAM ca dvidhavAsti prtikriyaa| upAnanmukhamardo vA dUrato vApi varjanam // duSrTo tathA kaNTakoM ke do hI pratikAra haiN| yA to inakA jane se mukhamardana kara diyA jAya yA inase dUra rahA jAya / (aizvaryameM paizAcikatA anivArya ) nAstyapizAcamaizvaryam // 353 / / ezvarya paizAcikatAse rahita hotA hI nhiiN| vivaraNa- koI bhI manuSya paizAcikatA (parasvApaharaNa parAniSTakaraNa ) dhAraNa kiye binA bhautika aizvayaMkA upAsaka atulasampattimAna nahIM bana. sakatA / bhautika aizvaryakA jo daMbha yA ahaMkAra hai vaha paizAcikatAkA hI to dUsarA nAma hai / jahAM kahIM bhautika aizvarya ke daMbharUpI bhasurako pAo vahIM nimna tIna bAta samajha jAmo ki usakA dhana paizAcika DhaMgoMse saMgrahita huA hai usIse surakSita rakkhA jA rahA hai aura usake pizAcocita duru. payogase samAjakI zAntiko naSTa kiyA jA rahA hai / manuSya satyako tyAga binA dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa cAroMmese tInako tyAgakara kevala eka dhanakA upAsaka nahIM ho sakatA / sacce loga dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa cAroMko samAna mahatva dekara cAroMkI sAtha-sAtha upAsanA karate haiM / satyadroha (yA Page #341 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 314 cANakyasUtrANi dUsaroMke jIvanAdhikArako udAratAse svIkAra na karanA aura kevala vaiyaktika dRSTi rakha kara aMdhA hokara dhana baTorate calejAnA) hI paizAcikatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki mAnavatAke premI loga dhanopAsaka nahIM hote / ve dhanopAsanAse bacate haiM / dharma kevala una logoMkI vastu hai jo dhanake pIche paDakara pizAca nahIM banajAte / manuSya ke zabdoM meM "arthakAmeSvasaktAnAM dharmazAnaM vidhIyate" dharmajJAna una logoM ke liye hai jo artha aura kAmako saMsArakA sarva. zreSTha prApya na mAnakara apane jIvanameM cAroM puruSArthoMkA samavibhAjana yA santulana karake rakhate haiN| jahAM dhanakA bAhulya yA kevala dhanamAtrakI sevA hotI dekhoge, vahIM bharjana tathA usake vyayakI nItinirdhAraNake samaya kAma, krodha, gla, kapaTa, anRta, mAyA, jihma bhAdi doSoM kA vyavahArameM AnA anivArya paaoge| aizvarya adhika saMgrahita honese lobha, krodha, mada, abhimAna aura mohakA utpanna honA anivArya hai| vibhavake dharmanirapekSa honepara parivAra ke pratyeka prANImeM ina doSoMkI utpatti anivArya hai| "zriyA hyabhIkSaNaM saMvAlo darpayanmohayedApi " dhanakA nirantara sahavAsa manuSyameM darpa aura moha paidA kiye binA nahIM mAnatA / anubhavI vRddha kaha gaye haiM anADhyA mAnuSe vitta ADhyA vedapu ya dvijAH / nAhatvA paramarmANi nAkRtvA karma dAruNam / nAnapekSya satAM mArga prApnoti mahatIM zriyam // manuSya dUsaroMke ucita adhikAroM para mamaghAtI prahAra kiye binA, samanuSyocita dhora karma kiye binA, tathA bhadra puruSoM ke mArgakI upekSA kiye binA adhika sampattimAna nahIM bana sakatA / samAjahInatA dhaniyoMkA ani. pArya svabhAva hotA hai / ve samAja ke sahayogase honevAle kAmoM ko dhana bala se karake samAjahIna hokara rahate haiN| samAjakalyANake prati samAjasevaka loga apanI zaktiyoM ko samAjasevAmeM saupe rahaneke kAraNa anivArya rUpase madhana yA alpadhana hote haiN| unake vyaktigata dhanabhaMDArake rikta rahanepara bhI unakA Page #342 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dhanopAsaka sukarmase anadhikArI 315 udAra hRdaya dhanavAn hI rahatA hai / alpadhanI yA dhana loga samAjake sAtha rahane meM apanA kalyANa samajhate haiM / binA siddhAnta upArjita dhanase manuSya meM samAjahInatA mAnA anivArya hai| samAjakI upekSA hI manuSyakI paizAcikatA hai| tuma jisa samAjake sahayogase dhanI bane ho usake abhyusthAnameM sahayoga denA tumhArA anivArya kartavya hai / cANakya cAhate haiM ki dhanI loga dhanapizAca na banane ke liye dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa cAroM puruSA. thoMkA samasevana kreN| inameM se kisI bhI ekako dUsarekA bAdhaka na banane deN| pAThAntara- nAstyavizAlamaizvaryam / aizvarya vizAlatAse hIna nahIM hotaa| vizAlatA hI aizvarya hai| ( dhanopAsaka sukarmase mAnavocita prasannatA pAne ke anadhikArI ) nAsti dhanavatAM sukarmasu zramaH / / 354 // dhanopAsaka sukarmoM meM zrama nahIM krte| vivaraNa- unakI dRSTi meM sukarma kaSTakAraka tathA dhananAzaka hotA hai / ve satkarma karane kA kaSTa nahIM uThAte / unakA kisI satkama meM prerita honA durAzA hai / dhanopAsakoMmeM dAtApana asaMbhava hai / padArthake yogya adhikAsIko pAyA jAnakara usakI dharohara use sauMpakara uNa hojAnA tathA dAnake badale meM ghamaMDa na bhoganA hI dAnakA yathArthasvarUpa hai| svArthamUlaka dAna dAna na hokara eka prakArakA kusIda jIvana ( sUdapara rUpayA lagAnA) hai| dhanalolupa loga jaba dAnakA nATaka khelate haiM, taba vaha dAna na hokara unakI yazolipalA yA kisI prakArako phalAbhilASA hotI hai / dAna saudA nahIM hai / samAjakA ucita adhikAra samAjako lauTAnA hI sacce dAnakA rUpa hai / usakA use sauMpa denA tathA bhUlakara bhI dAtApanakA abhimAna na bhoganA hI saccA dAna hai / satpAtrako zraddhAke sAza dharohara lauTA denekI budise diyA dAna hI saccA dAna hai / dhanI loga satpAtroMke svabhAvase vairI, Page #343 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi drohI tathA upekSaka hote haiN| ina dhaniyoM ke cATukAra loga hI sAMpako khilAnevAle saperoMke samAna inheM khilAnA, bulAnA ghumAnA tathA dravita karanA jAnate haiN| ye loga yogya adhikArI ke liye sadA hI durga bane rahate haiM / nAsti gatizramo yAnavatAm // 355 // yAna (vAhana ) para nirbhara rahanevAle loga gatizrama nahIM utthaate| vivaraNa- jaise yAtrAke liye yAnoMpara nirbhara hojAnevAle loga paira hote aura calane meM samartha hote hue bhI paMgu bane rahate haiM, isIprakAra dhanaka sarvasva, dhanopAsaka, dhanapizAca loga sukarma karake mAnavocita prasannatA pAneke adhikArI hote hue bhI apanI manuSyatAko tilAMjali dedete haiN| dhanako hI apane jIvana kI sAravastu samajhate haiM tathA dhanase samAjasevA karake usase milanevAlI mAtmaprasAda rUpI sAravastuse vaMcita hojAte haiM / dhanopAsaka loga apane vyaktigata kartavyoM ko bhI dhanazaktise mola lI huI dUsaroMkI karmazakti se karA kara apane zarIrako mAlasyabhoga karane ke liye surakSita kara lete haiM / ve garhita upAyoMse dhanopArjana karate-karate satkarma karaneke yogya hI nahIM rahate / unakA AtmA unakI dhanalolupatAke kAraNa manuSyatAse hIna AsurI bana jAtA hai| unakI dhanAsaktise unakA sukamameM dhana dAna karaneke AtmaprasAda pAnekA dvAra avaruddha hojAtA hai / dhanAsakti na tyAgane taka manuSyako satkarmakA sukhAmbAda milanA saMbhava nahIM hotaa| dhanAsakti na chor3ane para satkarma karanA itanA hI kaSTaprada dIkhane lagatA hai jitanA ki yAnavAhanakA sukha choDakara pathazramako apanAnA / jaise yAnapara nirbharazIla dhaniyoM kA zramavimukhatA rUpI mAlasya unake Upara eka bojha bana jAtA hai, vaise hI dhanopAsakakI dhanAsakti manuSyocita samAjasevAse milane. vAle AtmaprasAda rUpa sAravastuko usakI dRSTi se bahiSkRta rakhanevAlA vighna banajAtI hai| jaise yAnopara nirbhara rahanevAle loga apane pairoMkA upayoga karanese bacate tathA apane zarIrako nikamme bojha ke rUpa meM doye phirate haiM Page #344 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vivAhaprathA aparAdharodhaka dharmabandhana 317 isIprakAra dhanI loga apaneko satkarmake Anandase vaMcita karake dhanaciMtAke bhArase AkrAnta rahate haiN| pAThAntara- nAsti yAnavatAM gatizramaH / (vivAhaprathA svakRta aparAdha-rodhaka svecchA-dharmabandhana ) alAhamayaM nigaDaM kalatram // 356 // bhAryA bhartAke liye binA lohekI (arthAt apanI sammatile svIkAra kI huI ) beDI hai| vivaraNa-jaise aparAdhIko balapUrvaka lohekI beDI pahanAkara use aparAdha karane se rokA jAtA hai isIprakAra vaivAhika prathA bhI eka prakAra kI svecchAsvokRta aparAdharodhaka beTA hai| ekaniSTadAmpatyakI prathA vivAhita vyaktiko apane hI hArdika anumodanase sAmAjika zRMkhalAmeM bAMdha rahatI hai / jo dampati isa prathAko svIkAra karake vaivAhika saMbandha joDate haiM ve apanI hI icchAse sAmAjika zRkhalAkI adhInatA svIkAra karate haiN| yaha bandhana dharmakA bandhana hai / samAjameM zAntikI sthApanA karanA dharmabandhanase hI saMbhava hai / mAnavadharma svayaM hI eka sudRDha bandhana hai| vahIM isa dAmpatya saMbandhako samAjakalyANakArI zAsanake adhIna rakhatA hai| isa bandhana meM rahanevAle dampati hI apane jIvanako samAjakalyANameM sama. rpita kara sakate tathA apane rASTrako dharmarakSA karanevAlI zaktimatI rAjyavyavasthAkA saMgaThana karanevAlI prabhuzakti ke rUpameM supratiSThita karasakate haiM / cAhe strI ho yA puruSa jo koI isa dharmabandhanako toDatA hai vaha adhArmika tathA rASTradhAtI hokara samAjako patita karadatA hai tathA apanI ucchakhala pravRttiyoMse rAjyavyavasthA bhI manaitikatAko pravezAdhikAra debaiThatA hai| vivAhabandhanakI pavitratAkI avahelanA karanevAle anaitika samAjake dvArA nirmita anaitika rAjyavyavasthA apane kuprabhAvase rASTrako chinna-bhinna kara DAlatI tathA dharmabandhanahIna luTeroMke ucchRkhaka jhuMDake rUpameM pariNata hojAtI hai| Page #345 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 318 cANakyasUtrANi (niyuktikI yogyatA ) yo yasmin kuzalaH sa tasmin yoktavyaH // 357 // jo jisa kAmameM kuzala ho use usI kAmameM lagAnA caahiye| vivaraNa- jo manuSya adhyakSatA, mantritA, vicAra, nirIkSaNa, nyAya, zrama, koSa, vANijya, dautya bhAdi jisa karmameM kuzala ho use usI kAmameM lagAnA cAhiye / kiplIko kisI kAma yA padapara niyukta karate samaya usa karmakI kuzalatA hI yogyatAke rUpameM svIkRta honA cAhiye, siphAriza yA utkoca Adi nhiiN| karmakuzalatAse virodha karanevAlI dUsarI saba yogyatAyeM asvIkRta honI caahiye| siphArizoM yA uskocoMke balase ayogya logoM kI niyuktiyoMse karmakI hAni tathA dezameM avicArakI parampara: cala nikalatI hai| karmakuzalatA hI rAjya-vyavasthA-saMcAlanakI yogyatAke rUpameM svIkAra kI jAnI cAhiye / vyaktigata svArtha manuSyakI kamakuzala. tAkA sabase baDA bAdhaka hai / jaba bhakuzala logoMko rAjyAdhikAra sauMpa diyA jAtA hai taba ve rAjakAja karate samaya apane vyaktigata svArthako mahatva dete haiM tathA pariNAmasvarUpa rAjyavyavasthAko sasampana karanekI orase udAsIna hojAte haiM / usa avasthAmeM rASTrakalyANa upekSita hojAtA hai tathA svArthI rAjyadhikAriyoMkI duSpravRttiko chUTa mila jAtI hai| yadi naye rAjakarmacAri. yoko niyukta karanevAle loga utkocajIvI cATukAritApriya tathA dezadrohI ho to ve rAjyasaMsthAmeM duSpravRttiyoMse lAbha uThAnA cAhanevAle uskocajIvI cATukAra dezadrohiyoM ko hI bharalete haiM tathA apane doSase usa rAjyasaMsthAko rASTradrohI saMsthA banAdete haiM / pAThAntara- yasmin karmaNi yaH kuzalaH sa tasminniyoktavyaH / ___ ( duSkalatrakI dukhadAyitA ) duSkalanaM manasvinAM zarIrakarzanam / / 358 // manasvI loga duSTa bhAryAko kleza tathA udvega karanevAlIke rUpameM dekhate haiN| Page #346 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ patnIko sumArgapara rakheM vivaraNa- bhAryA gRhastharUpI zarIrakA AdhA bhAga hai| jisakA mAdhA zarIra duSTa hotA hai usakA duHkhI rahanA anivArya hojAtA hai / manasvI loga gArhasthya jIvana kA lakSya isIko mAnate haiM ki apanI bhAryA ke sAtha saMbandha rakhanevAle mAnava-dharmake lohabandhanako apane Upara satyake zAsanake rUpameM svIkAra kareM aura apane mApako samAjasevAmeM lagAye rheN| yaha dharma strI puruSa donoMko hI pAlanA cAhiye / ima dharmabandhanako toDaphaMkanevAlI duSkA lana apane dhArmika patike mAnavadharmapAlanakI vighna banajAtI hai tathA usake sammukha do kartavya upasthita karadetI hai ki yA to apanI bhAryAko yogya sahadharmiNI banAkara use apane jIvanakA suyogya sAthI banAkara rakkhe, yA (usake kisIprakAra yogya bananekI saMbhAvanA zeSa na raha jAnepara ) use ( duSTA bhAryAko ) tyAga de / arthAt strIsambaddha mAnavadharmakA parityAga karake strInirapekSa mAnavadharmako apanAkara zuddha samAjasevAmeM dIkSita hojAya / pAThAntara- ..... zarIrakarSaNam / ( apramattapati patnIko sumArgapara rakhane kA adhikArI ) apramatto dArAn nirIkSet // 359 // manuSya pramAdarahita hokara sahadharmiNIkA nirIkSaNa kare / vivaraNa- apanI bhAryAko pramAdase bacAnA aura use bhAdarzagAIsthyadharma meM dIkSita karake use samAjasevAkA vrata dekara rakhanA svayaM pramAda. rahita manasvI vyaktikA hI kAma hai / bhartAkA apanI sahadharmiNIke nirIkSaNakA adhikAra taba hI svIkAra kiyA jAptakatA hai tathA bhAryAkA patiko bhartAke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA taba hI kucha artha rakhasakatA hai, jaba donoM samAjasevAko apanA lakSya rakhate ho| arthAt jaba donoM apane samAjake sAmane apanA upacAdarza rakhanA pavitra kartavya mAnate hoN| jahAM pati-patnI donoMkA pramAdarahita honA Avazyaka hai, vahAM donoM meM eka dUsarekA nirIkSaNa karane kI yogyatAkA rahanA bhI anivArya rUpase Avazyaka hai / athavA- jaba manuSya striyoMkI ora dekhe taba apramatta arthAt niSkAma apramAdI sthiratatvadarzI, AtmasammAnI tathA jitendriyamanavAlA hokara dekhe| Page #347 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi manuSya apane bAhya darzanoM meM indriyoMkI svAbhAvika viSayAsaktike Upara vijaya pAkara rahe / rAjyavyavasthAke saMbaMdhase rAjakarmacAriyoM kA strI aparAdhi. yoMke sAtha saMbandha honA anivArya hotA hai / rAjyAdhikArI loga prabandhavaza adhikArameM bhAjAnevAlI aparAdhI, pIDita yA atyAcArI striyoM ko rASTrakI dharohara mAnakara unake sAtha susaMyana vyavahAra kare / (strIjAtikI avizvAsyatA ) strISu kiMcidapi na vizvaset / / 360 // strIjAti para thoDAsA bhI vizvAsa na kreN| vivaraNa- Uparase dekhane meM yaha mAkSepa strIjAtipara pratIta hotA hai| parantu Arya cANakyakA yaha AkSepa vAstava meM strI jAtiko jJAnAlokase vacita karake use dalita sthitimeM rakhanevAle puruSa samAjapara hI hai| hama ima sUtrakA yaha abhiprAya kadApi svIkAra nahIM kara sakate ki manasvI vyakti apanI dharmaparAyaNA suyogyA tapasvinI viduSI sahadharmiNIkA bhI vizvAsa na kare / manasvI vyaktikA to yaha uttaradAyitva hai ki vaha gAha. yadharmakA pAlana sapatnIka kare / isa dRSTi se apanI sahadharmacAriNIko vizvAsapAtra banAye rakhane ke liye use jJAnAloka denA bhI usIkA uttaradAyitva hai| sUtrakAra kahanA kevala yaha cAhate haiM ki isa uttaradAyitvako pUrA na karanevAlA vyakti apane usa uttaradAyitvako pUrA kareM anyathA usake gAhasthya jIvana meM avizvAsa mUlaka azAntikA honA anivArya hai / isake atirikta rASTra kalyANase saMbaMdha rakhanevAle rAjyavyavasthA saMbaMdhI guSTha viSayoM ko sugupta tathA surakSita rakhane ke kaThora kartavyako dRDhatAse pAlanekI dRSTi se yaha atyanta bhAvazyaka hai ki rAjya ke ve paricAlaka loga jo rASTrake gupta viSayoM ko samagra bAhya saMsArase sarakSita rakhane ke uttaradAyI hoM apanI vizvAsaparAyaNA sahadharmiNI takase bhI gaSta rakkheM / jaise rASTra kA maMtra anya puruSoM ko nahIM batAnA hai isI prakAra rASTra kA rahasya apanI sahadhArmiNI takako nahIM batAnA hai| Page #348 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ ajJAna aura cAMcalya strIsvabhAva 321 (ajJAna aura cAMcalya strIkhabhAva ) na samAdhiH strISu lokajJatA ca // 361 // strIjAtimeM sthiratA tathA lokacaritrakA jJAna nahIM hotaa| vivaraNa- samAja meM puruSake prabala honese strIjAtiko kUpamaNDUka banAye rakhanekA uttaradAyitva puruSa samAjakA hI hai / isaliye yaha mAkSepa mI vAstava meM puruSasamAjakA hI kalaMka hai / myavahArakuzalatA sAmAjika vyavahAra karate rahanese prApta hotI hai / kyoMki strIjAtiko sAmAjika vyava. hAra karanekA avasara nahIM diyA jA rahA hai isa kAraNa vyavahArakuzalatAmeM jisa sthirabuddhitA tathA jisa lokacaritrake paricayakI mAvazyakatA hotI hai strIjAtiko use prApta karanekA samavasara nahIM milatA / yaha sUtra samAjakA dhyAna isI vAstavikatAkI ora khIMcanA cAhatA hai| yaha mAkSepa vAstava meM strImAtrake caritrapara nahIM hai kintu avikasita strIsvabhAvapara hI hai| vikAsakA avasara milanepara strIjAti puruSase kamI nyUna nahIM raha sakatI / isa nyUnatAko dUra karanA samAjakA kartavya hai| samAjakI isa nyUnatAne samAjako ardhAGgI pakSAghAta rogakA rogI banA rakhA hai| rATako isa rogase mukta karanekA kartavya sujhAdenA hI isa sUtrakA svIkAraNIya artha hosakatA hai / strIjAtike avikasita mAstika bane rahane se santatikA aprauDha ajJa bhanyAva. hArika honA anivArya hai| calitavRtta, dhumakkaDa yA sAdhAraNa striyoM meM na to apanI caritrarakSAke sambandhameM sthirabuddhitA, acAMcalya yA kartavyaniSThArUpI samAdhi hotI hai aura na ve sAmAjika katavyoM tathA uttaradAyiyoMse paricita hotI haiN| isaliye rASTrako kinhIM bhI gopanIya bAtoM ke sambandha meM imI striyopara vizvAsa karanA unakI gopanIyatAko hI naSTa kara DAlanA hai| rAjyasaMsthAkA saphala saMcAlana karanA cAhane vAle rAjyAdhikArI isa prakArakI ucchRkhala striyoM ke sambandhameM pUrI sAvadhAnI karate aura kisI prakAra kI guptacara strI ke 21 ( cANakya.) Page #349 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 312 cANakyasUtrANi vAgjAla yA mohajAlameM na phaMsakara apane rASTrako bcaayeN| yadi ve aisI bhUla kareMge to unakA unake moha meM phaMsa jAnA tathA rAjyasaMsthAke bheda de baiThanA anivArya hojAyagA tathA rASTrakA maMtrabheda hokara unakI yaha scyAsakti rASTrake sarvanAzakA kAraNa upasthita krddaalegii| pAThaka phira dekheM yaha strInindAkA prasaMga nahIM hai kintu rAjyameM kAma karanevAloMke liye sAvadhAna vANI hai / " yo yasmin karmaNi kuzalaH sa tasmin yoktavyaH " isa pahale chaThe sUtrameM rAjyAdhikAriyoMkI jisa kuzalatAkA varNana hai usI meM eka kuzalatA strIviSayakI upekSA bhI hai| mArya cANakya cAhate haiM ki jo rAjyAdhikArI pare jitendriya siddha ho cuke ho, jinameM striyoM ke samparkase na Dolane kI sthirabuddhitA ho ve hI rAjadrauTaH mAdi uttaradAyitvapUrNa padoMpara niyukta kiye jAne caahiye| pAThAtara- na samAdhiH strISu lolatA ca / niyoM meM saumyatA, zAnti aura nirapekSatA nahIM hotI ve caMcala tathA masthiramati hotI haiN| vicArazIla loga inake mAyApAzase baceM tathA rASTrako bacAveM / ( jIvana meM mAtAkA sarvoparisthAna ) gurUNAM mAtA garIyasI // 362 / / saba guruoMmeM mAtAkA sarvocca sthAna hai| vivaraNa- pahale sUtra meM strIjAtikI truTi dikhAkara isa sUtra meM mAtAko sarvocca sthAna denekA yahI spaSTa abhiprAya hai ki jo samAja mAtajAtiko majJAnAndhakArameM rakhatA hai usase vaha svayaM hI rogagrasta hojAtA hai| puruSa. jAtipara yaha uttaradAyitva hai ki vaha mAtRjAtiko usakA ucita prApyA gauravamaya sthAna dekara svayaM unnata ho|| upAdhyAyAn dazAcArya AcAryANAM zataM pitaa| sahasraM tu pitRn mAtA gauraveNAtiricyate // ( manu) Page #350 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mAtRsevA atyAjya kartavya 323 mAcAryakA pada upAdhyAyase dasagunA UMcA hai| pitAkA pada bhAcAryase saugunA UMcA hai| parantu mAtAkA pada to gauravakI dRSTise pitAse sahasra. guNa UMcA hai| sUtrakAra kahanA cAhate haiM ki striyoM kA kalatrarUpa bhAdaraNIya na hokara mAtRrUpa hI bhAdaraNIya hai / pati-patnIkA dAmpatya sambandha svAryamUlaka hotA hai jaba ki mAtAputrakA sambandha haituka hotA hai| usa saMbandhakI ahaitukatA hI usakI zreSThatA hai| manuSyakI mAtA usake sAmane sneha, karuNA, klezasahana, kartavyapAlana tathA vAtmatyAgakA jo apUrva mAdarza upasthita karatI hai usase mAnava santAnako mAnavatAke AdarzakA jIvita pATha milatA hai| mAtA hI manuSyakA prAthamika vizvavidyAlaya hai| (mAtRsevA atyAjya kartavya ) sarvAvasthAsu mAtA bhartavyA // 363 // sarvAvasthAmeM mAtAkA bharaNapoSaNa karanA santAnakA kartavya hai| vivaraNa- santAnake liye aisI koI bhI avasthA svIkAra nahIM kI jA sakatI jisameM use mAtRsevA tyAganekA adhikAra prApta hosake / yadyapi pitAkI sevA bhI santAnakA kartavya hai to bhI isa sUtrameM mAtRsevAko mahatva denekA kAraNa yaha hai ki kabhI-kabhI pitA santAnase sevA pAne ke adhikArase vaMcita honevAle kAma kara sakate haiM, parantu mAtAkA aisA honA mvabhAvaviruddha mAnAjAtA hai / jo mAtA santAnako apane prANoMse bhI priya jAnakara apanI chAtIkA dUdha pilAtI hai, usakI isa mahatI sevAkA prati. dAna denA santAnakA aparihArya kartavya hai| usakA kisI bhI avasthAmeM mAtRtyAga karanA vivekAnumodita nahIM hai / mAtRsevA tyAganekI koI pari. sthiti nahIM honI cAhiye / pratIta hotA hai ki sUtrakArane " kRtadArAzca mAtaram' samAja meM mAtRnirAdarake bahula dRSTAnta dekhakara samAjapara yaha dhArmika bojha ( dabAva ) DAlanA cAhA hai ki manadhya kisI bhI prakAraka pralobhana yA duSTA bhAryAkI kumantraNAse prabhAvita na ho tathA mAtRsevAke Page #351 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 324 cANakyasUtrANi kamyako na tyAge / yadi manuSya kisI bhI avasthAmeM mAtRsevAkA kartagya na tyAge to usake zeSa saba kartavya svayameva pAlita hojAte haiN| yaha mano. vaijJAnika siddhAnta hai ki yadi manuSya kartavyabuddhi ko kisI bhI eka kSetra meM surakSita karale to phira usakI kartavya buddhi saba hI kSetroM meM prabhAvazAlinI hokara rahanelagatI hai| yaha sUtra isI manovaijJAnika siddhAntako dhyAnameM rakhakara likhA gayA hai / sarvatra dekhA jAtA hai ki jo vyakti mAtAke prati upekSA rakhatA hai vaha kisIke bhI prati kartavyaparAyaNa nahIM hosktaa| jo vyakti duSTA bhAryAke vazIbhUta hokara mAtAkI avahelanA karatA hai vaha apane patnIsaMbaddha uttaradAyitvakI bhI upekSA karacukA hotA hai| vaha apanI duSTA bhAryA ke vipathagamanakA protsAhaka bana jAtA hai| mAtRsevA hI gharameM zAnti banAye rakhane. vAlA praharI hai| yadi hRdayoM meMse isa praharIko haTA diyA jAtA hai to gharakI zAntikA bandhana bhI lisa-bhinna hokara saMsArakA vinaSTa hojAnA avazyaMbhAvI hojAtA hai| niSkarSa yahI hai ki yadi rASTrameM zAnti cAho to gharameM zAnti rakkho / yadi dharameM zAnti cAho to tumapara kisI prakArakA bhautika dabAva na DAlasakanevAlI mAtAkA sammAna tathA sevA kro| jo manuSya dharameM zAnti rakkhegA vahI rASTrameM zAnti rkhskegaa| mAtA svabhAvase prerita hokara santAna kA pAlana karatI hai| vaha santAna. pAlanake pratidAna meM santAnase milanevAlo sevAkA lobha nahIM rkhtii| sasakI santAna mAtRbhakta hai yA nahIM isa bAtakI kalpanA mAtAle manameM svabhAvase anupasthita rahatI hai| jaise vRkSa apane mUlake sahArese vRddhi pAkara hI patra, puSpa, phaloMse suzomita hotA hai isI prakAra santAna mAtRmUlake sahArese hI jIvanIzakti pAkara vRddhi pAtA hai| jaise mUlase pRthaka vRkSakA jIvana saMbhava nahIM hai isI prakAra mAtAkI godase alaga santAnakA jIvana bhI saMbhava nahIM hai / santAna mAtAke isa RNako kisI bhI prakArakI sevAse nahIM utAra sktaa| usake prati svAbhAvika rUpase atyanta kRtajJa Page #352 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mAtRsevA atyAjya kartavya bane rahanA hI isa RNako utAranekA ekamAtra upAya hai| pitAke hAthoM meM bhautika dabAva rahane ke kAraNa pitAkeprati akRtajJa loga usakI sevA to kucha sImAtaka karate haiM / parantu mAtAke hAthoMmeM bhautika dabAva na hone ke kAraNa yadi santAna akRtajJa ho to mAtA usake Upara apanI sevAke liye koI bhI bhautika dabAva nahIM ddaalsktii| jisa yogya santAnameM mAtRbhakti hotI hai vaha ahetukI kartavyabuddhi se hI hotI hai| isa kartanyabuddhiko svIkAra karanA hI santAnakI mAtRbhakti hai| jo santAna kisI prakAra ke bhautika yA pArthiva davAvake binA kevala pavitra kartavyabuddhi se prerita hokara mAtRbhakti karatA hai usakI yaha kartavyabuddhi usake jIvanake pratyeka karmakSetra meM prakaTa rahatI hai| jo pavitrakartavyabuddhise apanI mAtAkI sevA karatA hai vahI samAjakI saccI sevA karasakatA hai| yadi samAjako sacce dezasevaka DhUMDhane hoM to unake viSaya meM yaha dekhanA cAhiye ki ve apanI mAtAkI niSkAmasevA karate haiM yA nahIM? mAtRsevArUpI kartavyabuddhikA samAjasevAke rUpameM prati phalita rahanA hI manupyakI manuSyatA hai| samAja. saMvA bhI to vAstava meM mAtRsevA hI hai / janmabhUmi bhI to manuSya kI mAtA hI hai / dUdha pilAnevAlI mAtA tathA annadAyinI janmabhUmi donoMkA eka hI jaisA pUjya sthAna hai| 'mAtA bhUmiH putrohaM pRthivyAH ' jo eka mAtAko pahacAnegA vaha donoM mAtAoM ko pahacAnakara rhegaa| jo ekakI upekSA karegA vaha dUsarIkI bhI avahelanA kiye binA nahIM maanegaa| samAjasevA dezabhakike rUpa meM janmabhUmirUpI mAtAkI hI mAnavocita sevA hai| jananI tathA janmabhUmi donoM kI sevA mAtRbhaktike hI do bAhya rUpa haiN| pArivArika zAntiko surakSita rakhanekI kalA mAtRbhaktimeM hI sannihita hai / jo mAtRbhakti ke dvArA apanI pArivArika zAntiko surakSita rakhanekI kalA sIkha letA hai vahIM samAjasevAke dvArA apanI mAtAke mAta. svako sArthaka karate hue apanI janmabhUmiko zAntiko surakSita rakhanekAlA ni:svArtha karmavIra nikalatA hai| mAtRbhaktike bhItara niHsvArtha samAjasevAkA Page #353 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi aMkura vidyamAna hai / AjakA manuSyasamAja niHsvArtha sevAke usI aMkurako sakhADakara mAtRbhUmiko zoSaNa karake udarapUrti karanevAlA svArthalolupa samAjadrohI bana gayA hai / jisa mAtabhaktike bhItara samAjako sudRDha karake rASTra. saMghaTana karanekA mUlamaMtra yA mUlazakti vidyamAna hai, samAjameM usa mAtRbhaktiko saMjIvita karanA ho samAjakI sarvamAnya rASTrIya pAThavidhi hai / manujyake svAbhAvika zikSaka rASTrasevakoM kA yahI svadharma hai ki ve isa rASTrIya vidhise manuSyamAtrako paricita kraadeN| samAjake svAbhAvika zikSaka sacce rASTrasevaka loga isa mAtRsevA dharmako svayaM pAlakara ho rAjyavyavasthAmeM praviSTa hoM tathA samAjako sanmArgapara calAyeM / (vidvattAvirodhI AcaraNa ) vaiduSyamalaMkAreNAcchAdyate // 364 // manuSyakI vidvattA dehasajjAse AcchAdita hojAtI hai| vivaraNa- veSabhUSAkI alaMkRtise sammAna pAnA cAhanevAle nAmadhArI vidvAna apanI vidyAko apamAnita karake use apanI veSabhUSAmeM chipA lete haiN| deha sajAnevAle loga vidvattAke marmase aparicita rahate haiM / dehako zobhita karane yA banaThanakara rahanekI bhAvanA ajJAnI manovRtti hai| manuSya jAne ki daihika zRMgArake sAtha jJAnakA vadhyadhAtaka saMbaMdha hai / manuSya zRMgAra priya bhI ho tathA vaha paNDita bhI ho yaha parasparaviruddha bAta hai| jisameM pANDitya hotA hai usakI cittavRtti jJAnajyotise suzobhita rahatI hai / jJAna hI vidvAnake hRdayako samujjvala rakhanevAlA svAbhAvika bhAbharaNa hai| yadi koI vidvAn nAmadhArI puruSa yA strI isa satya siddhAntakI upekSA karake apane dehako sajAne ke liye kRtrima bhAbharaNoMkA upayoga karatA hai to samajha jAnA cAhiye usakI vidvattA jJAnase rahita zukavidyA (totAraTana ) hai| usakI vidvattA ajJAnAndhakArase DhakA humA bojhA hai| apane daihika rUpako alaMkAroMse suzobhita karanekI bhAvanA mAnasika kurUpatAkA hI dyotaka hai / "nAkAmI maNDanapriyaH " makAmI vyakti kabhI bhI maNDanapriya nahIM Page #354 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vidvattAvirodhI AcaraNa hotA / maNDanapriyakA kAmI honA anivArya hai| jJAnIloka manuSyakI hArdika sampatti yA zobhA hai / deha sajAneke lie AbharaNoM kI apekSAse manuSyakI dehAtmabuddhi prakaTa hotI hai / AbharaNoMse sajAvaTa dehAtmabuddhiko prakaTa karanevAlI caMcala sthiti hai| saccA vaiduSya manakI sthiratA meM hI prakaTa hotA hai| jahAM manakI sthiratA hotI hai vahAM bAhya capalatA yA laghutAko sthAna nahIM milA karatA / 327 athavA pichale nauveM sUtra meM varNita rAjyAdhikAriyoM kI dUsarI kuzalatA vaiduSya hai / unakA vaha vaiduSya unakI anuddhata somya veSabhUzAse spaSTa honA cAhiye / vaha maNDanapriya vaiduSya na honA cAhiye | kAmAsakta nimna zreNIke loga hI maNDanapriya hote haiM / maNDanapriyatA manuSyako antaHsAra hInatAkI sUcanA hai| jisakA mana suzobhita nahIM hai jisake manameM abhimAna karane yogya manuSyocita sadguNa nahIM hai, vahI bAharake kRtrima bhautika saundarya se sajanA cAhatA hai | vezabhUSAko alaMkRti se sammAna pAnA cAhanevAlA apanI vidyAko apamAnita karake use apanI vezabhUSA meM chipA letA hai / apanI vidyAko vezabhUSA meM chipAnekA artha chipAnevAlekI vidyAkA mUlyahIna honA hai / usakI dRSTi meM vidyAkA utanA mUlya nahIM hai jitanA alaMkAroMkA hai| kRtrima upAyoMse sammAnita honekI icchA manuSyakI mUDhatA hai / vidvattA svayaM hI saMsArakA sarvazreSTha alaMkAra hai / saccA vidvAn apanI vidyAke gaurava se gauravAnvita rahatA hai alaMkRti se nahIM / jo apaneko vezabhUSAse sajAtA hai usakI vidyA meM bhoja, teja tathA brahmavarcasa nahIM hai / vaha anAryavidyA hai| suyogya rAjyakarmacAriyoMkA vaiduSya sundara sile, sundara dhuLe vastra, sugaMdhita prasAdhanoM, dainika kSurakRtyoMse utpanna honevAle saundaryapara nirbhara na hokara unakA vaiduSya cAritrika zreSThatA se prabhAvazAlI rahanevAlA vaiduSya honA cAhiye / pAThAntara-- vairUpya malaMkA ......... 1 virUpatA alaMkAroMse tirohita hojAtI hai / yaha pATha mahatvahIna honese apapATha hai / Page #355 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 328 cANakyasUtrANi (dehAGgAkI nagnatAkI asahyatA striyoMkA alaMkAra ) __ strINAM bhUSaNaM lajjA // 365 / / lajA striyoMkA bhUSaNa hai / vivaraNa-jaise pauruSa arthAt parAkrama yA vipatsammukhInatA puruSoMkI vizeSatA hai isI prakAra lajA arthAt apanI mAna-maryAdAkI rakSA striyoMkA' vizeSa bhUSaNa hai| nirlaja strI nirAbharaNa hai| apane dehAMgoM kA pradarzana karanekI bhAvanA ho nilaM jatA hai| apane bhaginIrUpa tathA mAtarUpakI rakSA karanA hI striyoM kA kartavya hai / nirlaja striyAM samAjako patita karanekI bhAvanAse kalaMkita hotI hai / samAjako pavitra rakhanA strIpuruSa donoM hI kA sammilita kartavya hai| isake liye strIpuruSa donoM samAnarUpase uttaradAyI haiN| samAjakI pavitratA - hI samAjakA bhaSaNa hai / samAjako apanI nilaM jatAse patita karanevAlI strI samAjase to zatrutA karatI tathA svayaM apane lajjArUpI svAbhAvika bhUSaNako tyAgakara adha:patita hojAtI hai| cAritrika adhaHpatana apane svAbhAvika saundaryako naSTabhraSTa karaDAlanevAlI bhayAvanI sthiti hai| isa prakAra ke adhaHpatana se mAtmarakSA karanekI bhAvanA hI nArIkA svAbhAvika dharma hai| samAjameM isa nArIdharmako mahatvapUrNa sthAna milane yA dene se samAjakA patana anivArya rUpase avaruddha hojAtA hai / mukhako chor3akara zeSa aMgoMkI nagnatAkI asahyatA, daihika AkarSakatAkA yathAzakti AvaraNa tathA duHsAhasikatAkA tyAga strIdehadhAriyoM kA vizeSa svabhAva hotA hai / unakI isa lajjAse hI kuTumboMmeM kuladharma tathA paramparAprApta sanAtana jAtidharma surakSita rahate haiM / jaba striyAM nirlajja hokara apane rUpayauvanako jAnabUjha. kara sarvasAdhAraNake sAmane lAnekA prayanta karane lagatI haiM taba paramparAprApta zAlInatA Adi kuladharma tathA jAtidharma naSTa hokara samAjameM vizRMkhalatA paidA hojAtI hai tathA deza adhArmika banajAtA hai| Page #356 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ brahmazAna brAhmaNoMkA alaMkAra 321 doSa, pApa, anyAya tathA akartabhyase AtmasaMkoca hI lajjA hai| samA jameM pApI honeke apayazakI zaMkA yA vibhISikA lajjA kahI jAtI hai| mAnavakA abhyutthAna karanevAlI daivI saMpattirUpI lajjAkA svarUpa akartavyase saMkoca hai| yaha lajjA strIpuruSa ubhayasAdhAraNa lajjA hai| pApa AsurI pravRtti hai / pApako gupta rakhane kI bhAvanA arthAt gupta pApa karanekA svabhAva lajjA nahIM hai| yaha pApapravRtti hai / yaha svabhAva manuSyakI pApa karanese rokatI nahIM kintu use chipavAtI hai / (brahmajJAna brAhmaNoM kA alaMkAra ) viprANAM bhUSaNaM vedaH / / 366 // veda arthAt brahmajJAna arthAt brahmavit honA brAhmaNoMka! bhUSaNa hai| vivaraNa- jAtimAtropajIvI ajJAnI brAhmaNa brAhmaNatvase patita haiM / vaha kAThake hAthI yA cAmake kRtrima mRgake samAna dikhAvaTI hai| yo'nadhItya dvijo vedamanyatra kurute zramam / sa jIvanneva zudratvamAzu gacchati sAnvayaH // jo brAhmaNa vedajJAna prApta karake anya vidyAmoM meM zrama karatA hai vaha pari vArasahita zudra hojAtA hai / vedameva sadAbhyasyet tapastapsyan dvijottamaH / vedAbhyAso hi viprasya tapaH paramihocyate / yathA kASThamayo hastI yathA carmamayo mRgaH / tathA vipro'nadhIyAnastrayaste nAma vibhrati // (manu) dvijottama banane ke icchuka sadA vedAbhyAsameM rata rhe| vedAbhyAsa hI brAhmaNakA sarvotama tapa kahAtA hai / manadhyayanazIla brAhmaNa, kAThake hAthI yA carmanirmita kRtrima mRga jaisA hai / ye tInoM nAma hI nAmake hote haiM / inameM yathArthatA kucha nahIM hotii| mahAbhASyakara pataMjaline kahA hai-- "brAhmaNana Page #357 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi niSkAraNe dharmaH SaDaMgo vedo'dhyeyo zeyazceti" SaDaMgavedakA adhyayana tathA jJAna prApta karanA brAhmaNakA mahaituka kartavya hai| vedajJAnake binA manuSya manuSya nahIM bana sktaa| mAnava bananekA jo rahasya hai vahI vedajJAna hai| ( kartavyapAlana mAnavamAtrakA ahaMkAra ) sarveSAM bhUSaNaM dharmaH // 367 // satyaniSThA yA svakartavyapAlana hI manuSyamAtrakA bhUSaNa hai| satya yA kartavyasa hona manuSya manuSyatAhIna zrIhIna asura hai / ahiMsA satyamasteyaM zaucamindriyanigrahaH / etatsAmAsika dharma cAturvarNya 'bravInmanuH // ( manu) manune ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, bAhyAbhyantara zuddhi tathA indriyanigrahako cAtuvaNakA sammilita dharma batAyA hai| yato'bhyudayaniHzreyasasiddhiH sa dharmaH // (vaizaSika darzana ) jisa mAnavocita kartavyapAlanase aihika mabhyusthAna tathA mAnasika kalyANa donoM ho vahI dharma hai| manuSyoM ke bhojana, mAhAra, nidrAdi pazuoMke hI samAna hai| manuSya meM dharma hI pazumoMse viziSTa vastu hai / dharmase hIna manuSya aura pazumeM koI antara nahIM hai| mahAbhAratameM kahA hai- "dhAraNAddharmamityAhuna lokacaritaM caret" manuSyasamAjako suvyasthita rakhanevAlI nIti yA kAryapraNAlI hI dharma kahA jAtA hai| manuSya lokacaritrakA anusaraNa na kre| lokacaritrake kAmAdi doSoMse bharapUra honese manuSya usakA anusaraNa na kreN| lokacaritrakA anusaraNa karanese dharmakA nAza nizcita hai / gatAnugatiko loko na lokaH paarmaarthikH| loka sArasoMkI paMktike samAna eka dUsarekA anukaraNa karatA hai| vaha socakara kAma nahIM krtaa| Page #358 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ alaMkAroMkA bhI alaMkAra 331 ( alaMkAroMkA bhI alaMkAra ) bhUSaNAnAM bhUSaNaM savinayA vidyA // 368 // vinayasahita vidyA saba bhUSaNoM meM zreSTha bhUSaNa hai| vivaraNa- manuSyako vinIta namra, sujana, sugyavahArI banAdenevAlI vidyA saMsAra ke samasta bhUSaNoMse zreSTha bhUSaNa hai| pAThAntara- bhUSaNAnAmatibhUSaNaM vinayo vidyA ca / vinaya tathA vidyA donoMkA sahavAsa saba bhUSaNoM meM zreSTha bhUSaNa hai / satyaniSThA hI vinaya hai / satyake zAsana meM rahanA hI vinaya hai| saMpUrNa vidyAoM ke sAtha satyaniSThAkA sammilita rahanA hI saccI vidvatA hai / manudhyameM satyaniSThA na ho to usakI saba vidyA bhavidyA hojAtI hai aura vaha kevala lokavinAzake kAma AtI hai| satyaniSThAke binA baDe-baDe vidvAn nAmadhArI bhayaMkara hiMsrajantuose bhI bhayAnaka brAsadAtA banajAte haiN| satya. niSTha vidvAnakA mana saMsArake sarvazreSTha bhaSaNase vibhaSita rahatA hai| manuSya kA satyaniSThArUpI bhUSaNase vaMcita rahanA mUrkhatA hai / mUrkha vyaktike zarIrako bhUSita karanevAle saMpUrNa kRtrima bhaSaNa usakI makhaMtAko hI vyakta karanevAle hote haiN| vaha jitanA hI apane dehako kRtrima pAbharaNoMse sajAtA hai saMsArameM utanI hI usakI mUDhatA pragaTa hotI hai| manuSyakI mUrkhatA miTA DAlanevAlI vidyA hI use vibhaSita karanevAlA saccA bhUSaNa hai / jo vidyA manuSyakI murkhatA nahIM miTApAtI vaha vidyA nahIM hai| kevala dehako vibhUSita karane kI bhAvanA mAnavahRdayako vibhrama karA denevAlA bhajJAnAndhakAra hai / satyake prabhAvase namra rahanA hI vinaya hai| satyahIna vidyA bhavidyA hai| satyahIna vinaya suSupta bhayaMkara jvAlAmukhI hai tathA kapaTapUrNa nikRSTa prakArakA vaMcaka auddhatya hai| rAjakAjameM niyukta logoMmeM ukta prakArakI saralatAse pUrNa, nirdoSa, namra vaiduSya tathA kAryakuzalatA honI cAhiye / rAjapuruSa kAryArthiyoM ke sAtha aiMThase vyavahAra na kareM tathA prajApara apanA mithyA sammAna yA prabhAva Aropita karane (roba gAMThane ) kA duSprayatna na kreN| Page #359 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi vidyA dadAti vinayaM vinayAdyAti pAtratAm / / pAtratvAddhanamApnoti dhanAddharma tataH sukham // ( viSNuzarmA ) vidyAse vinaya, vinayase pAtratA, usase dhana, usase dharma tathA usase sukha prApta hotA hai ! sanmArgase- AI huI vidyA- manuSyako vinaya sikhA hI detI hai / vidyAse vinIta, sujana, nidoSavaiduSyasampanna kAryakuzala loga hI rAjakAjameM niyukta hone cAhiye / nahIM to rAjyasaMsthAkA lUTakA ThekA ( ijArA ) hojAnA anivArya hai| (bhujabalase nirupadrava banAye dezameM raho ) anupadravaM dezamAvaset / / 369 / / upadravahIna dezameM nivAsa kre| vivaraNa- sapadrava zAntipriya manuSya ke to svabhAvake viruddha tathA azAntipriyale svabhAvake anakUla hai| kisI dezameM upadravakArI loga na raheM yaha kabhI saMbhava nahIM hai / prakRtimAtA sadA hI do prakArake manuSya utpanna karatI rahatI hai / aisI avasthAmeM zAntipriya manapyoM ke sammukha yaha kartavya anivArya rUpase sadA hI vidyamAna rahatA hai aura rahatA rahegA ki ve apane dezako upadrava karanevAle logoMke adhikAra meM na rahane dekara apane adhi. kArameM rakkheM / nirupadrava logoMkA yaha svabhAvika kartavya hai ki ve upadvI logoM ke Upara apanA zAsanadaNDa sthApita kiye raheM / yadi unakI nirupadravatAmeM upadravadamanakA sAmathrya nahIM hai to aisI kAyara nirupadravatA samAjaghAtI tatva honese apanA koI mUlya nahIM rkhtii| sacce nirupadrava ve hI loga haiM jo upadraviyoM ke sirapara apanA zAsanadaNDa sthApita rakhate haiN| isa dRSTi se upadravadamana na karasakanevAle nirupadravI loga apaneko nirupadrava nAmase sammAnita karane kA adhikAra nahIM rkhte| upadraviyoMse saMgrAma kiye vinA nirupadrava jIvana bitAnA kisI bhI prakAra saMbhava nahIM hai| mAnavadharma yahI hai ki samAja ke nirupadrava loga Page #360 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ nirupadrava dezameM raho 333 upadraviyoM ke virodhake liye Age bhAyeM, unapara apamA zAsana sthApita kareM tathA yo jIvanako zAntimaya banAye rakhane kA mAnavIya kartavya pUrA karake dikhAyeM / zAntikA darzana karanA taba hI saMbhava hai jaba manuSya azAntike viruddha khaDga uThAye tathA pratyeka kSaNa use parAsta karane ke liye nirantara saMgrAmazIla rhe| upadravadamana pratyeka zAnta nAgarikakA sabase pahalA kartavya hai / upadravadamana hI rAjamattA hai| upadravadamana na karasakanevAleko nAgarikatAkA adhikAra prApta nahIM hotaa| asAvadhAna gharoM meM lUTanevAloM ko pravezAdhikAra rahatA hai / apanI morase aisA koI kAma na karanA ki lUTanevAleko pravezAdhikAra milasake yahI 'sAvadhAnatA' hai| masAvadhAna gharoM meM saMyogavaza lUTanevAloMkA na mAnA nirupadrava sthiti nahIM hai| nirupadrava dezameM rahane kA saccA abhiprAya to yahI hai ki manuSya apane buddhi kauzala tathA bhujabala se apane dezase upa. dravoMkI saMbhAvanAoM taka ko naSTa karaDAle / mAnavadharma to yahI hai manuvyako yadRcchAse jaba jahAM jitane samaya rahanA paDe itane samayake liye usa dezako ( arthAt apane nivAsasthAnako ) nirupadrava rakhane ke sambandha meM pUrI sAvadhAnatA barateM tathA katanya kare / upadvahInatA naiSkAvalambiyoMkA dharma nahIM hai / upadravI ke sAtha saMgrAma cheDe rahane kA hI dUsarA nAma upadravahInatA hai / upadravoMkA sakriya saphala virodha hI nirupadrava sthiti hai| upadravoMkI tAtkAlika anupasthitiko upadravahInatA samajhanekI bhrAnti karake asAvadhAna hokara rahanA to upadravIkA AkheTa bane rahanA hotA hai / dezako apane buddhi kauzala tathA bhujabalase kSobhotpAdaka utpAta, kleza, pIDA, anutpatti tathA gyAdhiyoMse rahita banAkara usameM gauravake sAtha vAsa karanA manuSyakA kamya hai / mAnasika zAMti tathA jIvikAkI sugamatA hI nirupadravatA hai| vidyA, vitta, zilpa, vANijya, kRSi, zikSA, zAnti mAdika suprabandhavAlA deza hI nivAsayogya hotA hai / nirupadrava sthAnameM basane se svAsthya, Page #361 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 334 cANakyasUtrANi cittamphUrti, Ayu, kalAkauzala tathA dhanadhAnyakI vRddhi hotI hai| kUpoM nadiyoM tathA vRSTiyoM ke jaloMse urvara vrIhisampanna nirupadrava deza hI nivAsa ke liye svIkRta hone cAhiye / deza nadImAtRka, devamAtRka tathA kUpamAtRka medase tIna prakArake hote haiN| isIprakAra jAMgala, anUpa tathA sAdhAraNa bhedase phira tIna prakArake mAne jAte haiM / jIvikArahita deza meM rahanA nirarthaka hai| dhanikaH zrotriyo rAjA nadI vaidyastu paMcamaH / paMca yatra na vidyante na kuryAttatra saMsthitim // samayapara lokakalyANArtha dhanakA sadupayoga karanevAlA dhanI, kartavyanirdezaka vedavedAMgatatvajJa vidvAn , upadrava rokanevAlA rAjA, prakRtimAtAkA akRtrima sauMdarya dikhAkara vidhAtAkA dhyAna dilAnevAlI nadI tathA roMgose trANa karanevAlA vaidya ye pAMca jahAM na hoM vahAM na tthhre| ( saccA deza ) sAdhujanabahulo dezaH // 370 // bahusaMkhyaka satyaniSTha sAdhuoMkA vAsasthAna hI deza kahAtA hai| vivaraNa--- jipsa saubhAgyazAlI dezameM asAdhuloga sAdhuoM ke prabhAvase zAsita rahate haiM vahI saccA deza hai / sAdhulogoMkA sAmUhika dezaprema hI dezake nivAsiyoMko ekarASTrakA rUpa dedetA hai / yadyapi manuSyasamAjameM sAdhuoMkI saMkhyA adhika hai, yadyapi nirupadrava zAntipriya rahanA manuSyakA svabhAva hai / yadyapi AkrAmakokA bhAkheTa bana jAnA manuSya ke svabhAvake viruddha hai yadyapi pratyeka manuSya ke hRdayameM mAkrAmakakA AkheTa bananese bacane kI bhAvanA svabhAvase vidyamAna hai parantu yaha bhAvanA jaba kabhI bAlasya yA manavadhAnatAkA rUpa leletI hai taba hI samAjakI zAntipara AkramaNa karanevAle kucha inegine upadravI loga usa jaDatAkA anucita lAbha uThAkara samA. jakI zAntipara mAkramaNa karabaiThate haiM : samAjapara upadraviyoMke bhAkramaNakA Page #362 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ rAjaniyama zraddhAse pAlo uttaradAyitva dezake nirvirodha zAnta logoMpara hai / manuSyasamAjako duHkhI karanevAle upadvI loga saMkhyAmeM malpa honepara bhI bhadra samAja ( bahumata ) kI jaDatAke kAraNa samAjako asaMgaThita pAkara use tiraskRta karaDAlate haiN| ina saba dRSTiyoMse svayaM bhalA rahane ke sAtha hI sAtha manuSyasamAjameM samA. jakI svabhAvika sAdhutAko jagAkara rakhanA bhI to samAja hitaiSiyoM kA hI kartavya hai / sacce samAja meM sAdhuvRttikA jAgrata rahanA hI manuSyasamAjameM sAdhunoMkI bahulatA hojAnA hai| samAja meM sAdhuvRtti ke jAge rahate hue usameM sAdhuoM kI bADha AjAnA itanA ho sugama hojAtA hai jaisA ki meghamukta mAkAzameM prabhAtasUrya ke udayase pRthivIkA mAlokIta honA sugama tathA sunizcita hotA hai| rAjaniyama zraddhAse pAlo ) rAjJo bhetavyaM sArvakAlam / / 371 // rAjaroSakA pAtra nahIM bananA caahiye| vivaraNa- mAdarza rAjA vahI hai jo samaya rASTrake hita tathA apane vyaktigata hitako abhinna samajhatA hai tathA rASTrako spaSTa yA aspaSTa sammatise siMhAsanArUDha hotA hai / ajJAnameM DUbA humA rASTrakA mahatvahIna bhAga rASTra nahIM, rASTrake pradhAna buddhimAna hai, kintu sevAparAyaNa loga hI rASTra haiM / ina logoMkI sammati yA inakA sahayoga hI rASTra kI sammati hai| (isa dRSTi se rASTra ke ina buddhimAna logoM ke sahayogake kAraNa bhAratake ekataMtra dIkhane vAle prAcIna rAjya sadAle prajAtantra rahate cale Arahe haiN|) isa prakAra ke mAdarza rAjAke roSakA pAtra bananA rASTradroha hai / rASTradrohI na bananA hI rAjabhakti hai| rApradroha Atmadroha hai| rAjasiMhAsanArUDha rAjA sAre rASTrakA pratIka yA usakA mUrtimAna pratinidhi hai| jaise jhaNDA rASTrako pUjyatAkA pratIka hai isI prakAra rAjA bhI usakI pUjya buddhi kA pratIka honese mAdaraNIya hai| rAjAko aisA hI honA cAhiye tathA use aisA hI mAnanA bhI cAhiye / jaba samAjameM rAjAko isa dRSTi se dekhane kI bhAvanA Page #363 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi jAgrata rahegI tathA jaba rAjA aisA banakara rahanA apanA kartavya mAneMge taba ho samAja apane hitacintaka rASTrasevakako rAjyabhAra sauMpakara usIke zAsana meM rahaneko apanA dharma svIkAra karaneke liye udyata hosakegA / bhAratakI paramparAgata rAjabhakti rAjasiMhAsanArUDha vyaktikI bhakti nahIM hai / bhAratakI rAjabhakti to apanI mAtRbhUmikI hI bhakti hai / rAjA prajAhitakA uttaradAyI hai / vaha prajAke kalyANake liye kupathagAyikA patharodha karake samAjameM zAntirakSAkA uttaradAyI hai| rAjazakti prajAkI sadicchA se prajAzakti se hI banatI hai| rAjA prajAhitakA sAmUhika pratIka honese daNDanItikA pradhAnapuruSa hai / isa artha meM rAjadroha to prajAdroha tathA prajAdroha rAjadroha hojAtA hai / rAjadrohase bacane meM hI prajAkA hita hai / prajAhitakArI kartavya karanA hI rAjAse adroha yA rAjabhakti hai rAjyazAsana na rahane para prajArme mAtsyanyAya cala par3atA hai| hAM, yadi rAjA apanA kartavya chor3akara akartavya karanepara utara Aye to rASTrakalyANakI dRSTise niDara hokara rAjAkA virodha karanA prajAkA vyaktigata nahIM kintu sAmUhika pavitra kartavya ho jAtA hai 1 1 pAThAntara rAjJo bhetavyaM sarvakAlama | 33 ( rAjA rASTrabhara se dharmapAlana karAnevAlA jIvita devatA ) na rAjJaH paraM daivatam || 372 / / rAjAse zreSTha deva koI nahIM hai / L 3" vivaraNa - prajAraMjaka kartavyaparAyaNa rAjAse zreSTha pUjanIya deva koI nahIM hai / anya dava na dIkhanevAle deva haiN| rAjA pratyakSa dIkhanevAlA devatA hai / tvameva pratyakSaM brahmAsi rAjA samasta prajAhitakA mUrtimAna pratinidhi tathA uttaradAyI hai / prajA pApa kare to use daNDakA bhaya dikhAkara pApase rokakara prajAmeM sadAcArako paramparA pradAhnita karanA anya saba devoMse adhika rAjAkA hI uttaradAyitva hai / rAjAke isa uttaradAyitva meM sahAyaka bananeke liye apane upArjanameM se rAjabhAga dete rahakara use supuSTa Page #364 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ rAjazaktikA vyApaka karmakSetra "" banAye rakhanA prajAkA svahitakArI kartavya hai / rAjA IzvarakI bhAMti apanI samasta prajA meM mahaMbhAva rakhakara usake sukhaduHkhakA abhinna sAthI banajAtA hai| aise pratyakSa hitaiSI rAjAkI kara Adise pUjA, prajA ke liye zreSTha bhgvthai| mArkaNDeya purANa ke anusAra pUjA prajAH putrAnivaurasAn " rAjA prajAko apane aurasa putroMke samAna pAle / apanI samasta prajA meM satyaniSThA banAye rakhanA aura asatyaniSThAko nirutsAhita karate rahanA hI rAjAkA devasva hai tathA yaha usakA pratyakSa devatva hai| isI arthameM bhArya rAjanIti meM rAjAko samasta devoMkA aMzAvatAra mAnA gayA hai / rAjasiMhAsanako suzobhita karanevAle aise suyogya rAjAko rAjyAdhikAra denA prajAke hI adhikAuse haiM / jo rAjA prajAkI sammati se siMhAsanArUDha huA hai use sarvocca pUjya sthAna denA prajAkA svahitakAriNI sammatiko hI pUjanA hai / pAThAntara -- na rAjJaH parA devatA / 337 ( rAjazaktikA vyApaka karmakSetra ) sudUramapi dahati rAjavanhiH || 373 || rAjAkI krodhAgni rAjyake sadUra kaune kaune meM pahuMcakara rAjadrAhiyoMko dagdha karanemeM samartha hotI hai / vivaraNa -- rAjA apanI dUradRSTise rAjadrohiyoMko dUra-dastaka dekhatA rahatA hai / rAjAke pAsa chipAkara azAnti utpanna karanevAle dezadrohiyoM ko ucita daNDa denevAlI dUragAminI zakti rahatI hai| isaliye rahatI hai ki rASTrakA pratyeka saccA nAgarika rAjA rAjadaNDako dhAraNa karanevAle prati. nidhike rUpameM dezabhara meM sarvatra, saba samaya praharIkA rUpa lekara niyukta rahatA hai / pApiyoMkA unmUlana karane meM rAjyasaMsthAkI sahAyatA karanA nAgarikoMkA svahitakArI kartavya hai / rAjAko ina rASTrasevaka nAgarikoM ke dvArA rAjaniyama bhaMga karanevAlakA samAcAra mila jAtA hai| rASTrasevaka sacce nAgarika loga hI rAjAke buddhisampanna sudIrgha bAhucala haiM / 22 ( cANakya. ) Page #365 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 338 cANakyasUtrANi - dIghauM buddhimato bAhuH / rAjadrohako damana karane meM samartha honA hI rAjasiMhAmana dhAraNa karane kI yogyatA hai| pAThAntara-- sudUramapi dahati rAjAgniH / pAThAntara-- sutamapi dahati raajaagniH| rAjA aparAdhI putratakako daNDa detA hai| anyoM kA to kahanA hI kyA ? ( rAjadarzanakA AcAra ) riktahasto na rAjAnamabhigacchet / / 374 // rAjAke pAsa rIte hAtha jAnA cAhiye / vivaraNa--- samagra dezakA hitasAdhana karanemeM rata rAjA samasta rAjyakI sabase mUlyavAn mAnanIya, abhinaMdanIya tathA protsAhanIya sampatti hai| prajAhitakArI rAjAke rAjakAja meM samarthana, protsAhana tathA sahayoga dekara kRtArtha honA prajAmAtrakA svahitakArI kartavya hai / isa dRSTi se apanI bhautika pAktiko rASTra ke sadupayogake liye suyogya rAjAko sauMpa denA usapara koI kRpA nahIM, kintu apane hI hitameM sahayoga denA hai / isaliye rAjadarzana rAjabhaktisUcaka upahArake sAtha honA cAhiye aura yaha upahAra aupacArika na hokara rASTra kI AvazyakatA paDanepara apanI bhautika zakti rAjyako saharSa sauMpa dene kI apanI prastutatAkA sUcaka honA cAhiye / vRddha cANakyane __ " riktapANirna savata rAjAnaM zrotriyaM gurum|" bhaktisUcaka upahArake binA rAjA, vedajJa bAhmaNa, tathA pUjya puruSoM ke pAsa na jAnA cAhiye / rAjAkA rASTravyApI rAjakAryoM meM nyana rahanA anivArya hai| rAjAke pAsa itanA samaya nahIM hotA ki loga binA kartavyake saMbandhake bhI usake pAsa jAte Ate raheM / rAjadarzanArthI loga kartavya ke saMbandhase hI bhasake sammukha upasthita hone ke adhikArI hosakate haiM / kevala darzana karanA Page #366 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ baasmlingkaa aalaa 339 kartagyameM sammilita nahIM hosakatA / sUtrakArakA mabhiprAya kartabyake avasara para rAjadarzanArthIko rAjAke prati sammAna pradarzanakI preraNA denA hai| samAjane rAjAko AtmakalyANakI dRSTi se uccAsana derakkhA hai / isa dRSTi se usake sammukha rAjadarzanake ziSTAcArakA pAlana karanA darzanArthIkA atyAvazyaka kartavya ho jAtA hai| aise avasarapara kisI bhI prakArakA ziSTAcAra pradarzana na karanA darzanArthIkI ora se rAjAkI avajJA karanA banajAtA hai| isaliye ucita yahI hai ki darzanArthI loga rAjAke hRdayapara apanI yathocita ( maryAdita ) rAjabhaktikA prabhAva utpanna karake hI apanA vaktanya upasthita kreN| isa prakArakA sammAnasUcaka upahAra na lejAnA yaha saMdeha utpanna karasakatA hai ki yaha vyakti samAjabharake sAmUhika pratIka rAjAke prati avajJAkA pradarzana karanA cAhatA hai| sarvasAdhAraNake manoMmeM upahAroMse ziSToM tathA rAjAoM ko bhaktikA pradazana karanekI jo svAbhAvika preraNA rahatI hai aura paripATI calI bhArahI hai, usake viruddha mAcaraNa karanese rAjAke manameM darzanArthIke sambandhameM saMdeho. tpAdana honekI pUrI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai / isa prakAra ke vyavahArase darzanArthIke kartavya ke rAjAkA samarthana pAnese vaMcita raha jAnekI zaMkA paidA hojAtI hai| isa sUtrameM isI zaMkAse ati rahakara rAjadarzana karanekA parAmarza diyA jArahA hai / rAjabhakti ke pradarzanake dvArA rAjAke manako anucita prabhASase mukta rakhanA bhI rAjadarzanArthI prajAkA kartavya hai| jisa prakAra rAjAke manapara anucita prabhAva DAlanA aparAdha hai, isI prakAra rAjAke sAtha prajAkA pitA-putrakA-sA ghaniSTa sambandha rahanA hI saccA rASTrIya sambandha hai| rASTra bhI to eka virAT parivAra hI hai / isa rASTrarUpI parivAra meM prajAkA rAjAke sAtha snehapUrNa nikaTatama sambandha juDA rahanA hI pAdarza rASTra nIti hai| ina bAtoM ko dhyAnameM rakhate hue rAjadarzana ke samaya prajAkA vyavahAra svAbhAvika sneha aura pratyakSa hArdikatAko sAkSI upasthita karanevAlA honA cAhiye / rAjadarzana ke samaya prajAko kisI prakArakA koI upahAra lekara jAnA caahiye| Page #367 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 340 cANakyasUtrANi prajAkA upahAra mArthika mUlyase nirNIta na hokara prajAke hArdika premase pUta hokara aisI maMtrazakti dhAraNa karanevAlA honA cAhiye ki rAjAkA hRdaya prajAke prati mAkRSTa hosake / rAjyAdhikArakA durupayoga karanevAle sattA. dhAriyoMko ghUsa denekI pravRttimeM protsAhana denA isa sUtrakA uddezya kadApi nahIM hai| ( gurudarzana tathA devadarzanakA AcAra ) guruM ca daivaM ca // 375 // jJAnadAtA gurU. devasthAna yA dharmopadeSTA zIlasampanna mahA. smAke pAsa bhI zraddhAbhaktisUcaka upahAra lekara hI jAnA cAhiya / vivaraNa--- ina logoMse jJAnakA hArdika mAdAnapradAna hote rahane tathA inakA hArdika anumodana pAte rahane ke liye isa prakAra vinamra zuzrupu bartAva svahitakArI kartavya hai| vittaM vandhu vayaH karma vidyA bhavati paMcamI / etAni mAnyasthAnAni garIyo hyuttarottaram // dhana, bandhutA, Ayu, AcaraNa tathA vidyA ye pAMca mAnyatAke kAraNa haiN| inameM pichale pichaloMkA mahatva baDA hai / gurujanoM tathA devatAoM ko upahAra denemeM inakA nahIM kintu inake guNoM kA hI mAdara kiyA jAtA hai| manuSya apane manako guNagrAhI banAkara hI guNIkA premapAtra banasakatA hai| aise guNagrAhI logoM ke liye upahAroMke dvArA gaNoM kI pUjA karanA svAbhAvika ziSTAcAra hai / isa ziSTAcAra ko na pAlanA gaNoMkI upekSA karanA tathA uddhata svabhAvakA paricaya denA hotA hai| guNavAhitA hI guNI samAjameM sammAna pAne kI yogyatA hai| guNo ke darzanAbhilASI loga guNI ke vyaktitvako hI usake guNoMkA pratIka mAnakara usako pUjA karate haiM / guNIsamAjakA yaha pArasparika ziSTAcAra sarvamAnya ziSTAcAra hai / Page #368 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ rAjAke pArivArikoMkA satkAra 341 ( rAjAke pArivArikoM kA satkAra ) kuTumbino bhetavyam // 376 // rAjAle kauTumbika saMbandha rakhanevAloMkA dveSya nahIM bananA cAhiye / vivaraNa - rAjaparivAra ke sadasyoMkI avajJA karanA vAstava meM rAjAkI hI avajJA hai / rAjAke kuTumbiyoM ko bhI rAjatulya ziSTAcAra pAnekA adhikAra hotA hai| unheM ziSTAcAra se vaMcita karanA rAjaropakA kAraNa banasakatA hai / prajAkA rAjAke sAtha jo saMbandha hai, vahI saMbandha rAjAke kuTumbiyoM ke sAtha bhI kucha aMzoMtaka vAMchanIya hai| prajAke manameM rAjA yA usake kuTumbiyoMke asaMtoSa yA saMdehakA pAtra banane kI orase satarkatA sadA hI rahanI cAhiye | mana meM premapAtra ke premase vaMcita na honekI satarkatA rahanA hI premako paribhASA hai| yahAM para bhItikA artha zatrubhAva na hokara saba samaya satarka rahanA hI hai / athavA -- kuTumbI apane pArivArikoM meM se kisI para robotpAdaka anyAya na hone deneke liye nirantara sAvadhAna rahe / pAThAntara-- kuTumbinA bhetavyam / kuTumbiyoM ko pAlana karanevAlA vyakti apane uttaradAyitva pAlana karane ke mArga niko bhayAvaha mAnakara unase bhAtmarakSA karatA rahe aura samAjakA saumanasya pAnemeM prayatnazIla rahe / jisa manuSyakI kartavyaniSThApara parivAra ke aneka vyaktiyoMkA bharaNapoSaNa nirbhara hotA hai, usake kartavya mArga meM pagapagapara vighnoMkI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai / yadi kuTumbiyoMkA netA apanI asatarkatA ke kAraNa una vighnoMko dUra karane meM asamartha hojAtA hai to kuTumbake saba vyaktiyoMmeM anivAryarUpase azAnti AdarzahInatA, anaitikatA Adi mAnasika vyAdhiyeM utpanna hojAtI haiN| apane vipula parivArako naitika bandhanameM bAMdhakara sanmArgapara rakhane ke liye asAmAnya sAvadhAnatA kI AvazyakatA hai / Page #369 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 342 cANakyasUtrANi athavA-- kuTumbiyoMko vizvAsaghAtI tathA gRha-zatru na banane dene ke lie sadA satarka rahanA cAhie / gRha-kalahakA kAraNa nirmUla karake kuTuMbi. yoMke bAharI zatru ke prabhAva meM jAne kI saMbhAvanAko dUra rakhanA cAhie / kuTuMbiyoMke zatrupakSAvalaMbanake bhItijanaka pariNAmako dhyAnameM rakhakara unheM hArdikatAse apanAe rahane ke sarvaprakArake saMbhava prayatna niSphala hojAnepara unheM kauTuMbika adhikArase dRDhatAse vaMcita kara denA hI isa sUtrakA saiddhAntika abhiprAya hai| (rAjapariSatakI gatividhise paricita raho ) gantavyaM ca sadA rAjakulam / / 377 // rAjakula meM sadA jAnA cAhiye / prajAke hitAhitasa saMbandha rakhanevAle rAjakIya mantavyoM tathA nirNayoMke paricayoMse lAbhAnvita hote rahane ke liye sadA rAjakula (rAjapariSat ) meM jAte rahanA caahiye| vivaraNa- rAjakula arthAt rAjasabhAmeM niyamita rUpase upasthita hokara rAjakAjameM sahayoga denA cAhiye / rAjya saMsthA hamArI hI pratinidhi saMsthA hai / usakA sudhAra hamArA apanA hI sudhAra hai / vaha kyA kara rahI hai ? yaha jAnate rahanA tathA apanI rAjyasaMsthAko akartavya na karane dene ke liye usake saMparka meM rahanA prajAkA svahitakArI kartavya hai / rAjyasaMsthAke prati udAsInatA Ajake bhAratakA bhayaMkara mAtmadroha hai| janatAmeM udghopyamAna rAjyasaMsthAke prati upekSAparaka " koDa napa hoU hameM kA hAni " vAkya nAgarikoM ke mArama. drohakA rUpa hai| rAjapuruSaiH sambandhaM kuryAt // 378 // rAjakAjase sambaddha maMtrI Adi rAjapuruSoMke sAtha maitrI yA paricayakA saMbaMdha banAye rakhanA vyavahArasahAyaka svahitakArI kartavya hai| Page #370 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pitAkA svarga 343 cakraH sevyo nRpaH sevyo na sevyaH kevalo nRpaH / pazya cakrasya mAhAtmyaM mRtpiNDaH pAtratAM gataH // rAjAke cakra (kAryakartA = amale ) aura rAjA donoM ko prasanna rakhanA cAhiye / cakrakA mAhAtmya dekho ki mapiNDa bhI usakI kRpAse pAtra bana gayA / tAtparya yaha hai ki rAjAkI kRpAke pAtra bananeke icchukoM ko rAjyake kAryakartAoM tathA rAjya meM prabhAvazAlI hAtha rakhanevAloM ko bhI ruSTa karane. vAlA koI kAma na karanA caahiye| pAThAntara- rAjapuruSaiH saha saMbandhaM kuryAt / / rAjadAsI na sevitavyA / / 379 / / rAjaparicArikAoMke vyaktigata saMparka meM nahIM AnA caahiye| na cakSuSApi rAjAnaM nirIkSet // 380 // AMkhase rAjAko na dekhe / yaha pATha yuktihIna honese apapATha hai| (rAjadhana agrAhya ) ( adhika sUtra ) na cakSuSApi rAjadhanaM nirIkSet / rAjadhanake haraNa tathA grahaNakI to bAta hI kyA ? isa bhAva. nAse rAjakozakI ora AMkhose bhI na dekhe, usakI ora satRSNa dRSTi taka na DAle, aura aisA karake rAjapuruSoMko apane saMbandha zaMkAlu na banA le / rAjadhanapara lobha na kare / (pitAkA svarga ) putre guNavati kuTumbinaH svargaH // 381 // putrake sadAcArI tathA guNavAn honepara pitAko anupama sukha hotA hai| vivaraNa-pitAko apanI santAnakI pavitratAse jitanI ThaMDaka paDatI hai usase adhika manya kisI bAtase nhiiN| kisIke bhAgyodaya hone para hI Page #371 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi use guNI putra prApta hote haiM / putroMke pAsa vidyA, dhana tathA sucaritra honepara pitA hI nahIM samasta saMbandhiyoMko divya sukha aura divya darSa prApta hotA hai| isase yaha kiMvadantI pracalita ho gaI hai ki- " putreNaivAyaM loko jayyaH yaha loka yogya santAnoMse hI jItA jAtA hai / 344 z z ekenApi suvRkSeNa puSpitena sugandhinA / vAsitaM tadvanaM sarva saputreNa kulaM tathA // jaise eka bhI sugandhavAle puSpita suvRkSase samasta vana sugandhasnAta ho jAtA hai, isI prakAra eka bhI suputra se samasta kula gaurava pA jAtA hai / ( santAna ke prati pitAkA kartavya ) vidyAnAM pAraM gamayitavyAH || 382 / / putrA putroMko vidyAoMkA pAraMgata banAnA cAhiye / vivaraNa - apane dezake bAlakoMko mAnavatAkI saMrakSaka tathA jIvanopayogI donoM hI prakArakI vidyAoMkA pAraMgata banAnA cAhiye | apane deza ke bAlakoM ko laukika, abhyudaya tathA mAnasika zAnti donoM hI kalA sikhAnI cAhiye / unakA abhyudaya unakI mAnasika zAntike netRtva aura prAdhAnya meM hI phUlanA phalanA cAhiye / unheM dharmazAstra, arthazAstra, vArtAzAstra adhyAtmazAstra, zilpa, rAjanIti, yuddhavidyA Adi samasta vidyAnoMkA pAraMgata banAnA cAhiye / deza ke jina bAlakoM meM samasta vidyAoMke prahaNa, dhAraNa tathA upayogakA sAmarthya hotA hai ve dezakI vibhUti bana jAte haiM / satkule yojayet kanyAM mitraM dharmeNa yojayet / vyasane yojayecchatran putrAn vidyAsu yojayet // kanyAko satkula meM, mitrako dharmase, zatruko vipattise, tathA putroMko vidyAoMse yukta kara dene meM hI kalyANa hai / satyaniSThA hI saMpUrNa vidyAoMkA sAra hai / apane putroMko satyaniSTha banAnA hI pitAkA santAnapAlana dharma hai| pitA svayaM satyaniSTha banakara / putrako satya ke mArgapara calA sakatA hai / Page #372 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ grAmINa svArthake balidAnakI sthiti 345 yadi dezake mAtA-pitA loga satyaniSTha na hoM to putroM ke satyanirUpameM sacce vidvAn banane kI koI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai / yadi apane samagra rASTrameM mAtmarakSAke bIja bone hoM to santAnapAlanake isa siddhAntako rASTra ke pratyeka parivArameM palavAnA hogA / mAtApi kA satyaniSTha honA ho susabhya santati. pAlanakA ekamAtra siddhAnta aura AzvAsana hai| vyakti hI to rASTrakA mUla hai| parivAra hI to vyakti ke jIvanataruko harA bharA rakhane vAlA urvara kSetra hai / parivAra hI manuSyoMko caritra likhAnevAle vizvavidyAlaya haiM / rASTra ke parivAra jipa parimANameM kartavyazIla hoMge rASTra usI parimANase yogya guNI putroM ko utpanna krskegaa|| pAThAntara-- putrA vidyAdAnArtha prArambhayitavyAH / yaha pATha mahatvahIna hai| ( grAmINa svArtha ke balidAna kI sthiti ) janapadArthaM grAmaM tyajeta // 386 / / apane grAmake dezadrohI hojAnepara usa choDakara dezakA sAtha d| vivaraNa- nyAya tathA zAntiko surakSAmeM hI dezakA kalyANa hai| jipa prAmakA manuSyasamAja nyAyaniSTha tathA zAnimiya ho vaha grAmasamAja tyAjya hojAtA hai arthAt usakI dezadrohitAkA virodha karanA kartavya hojAtA hai| sUtra kahanA cAhatA hai ki rASTra ke sArvajanika hitako surakSita rakhane ke liye grAmake kSudra svArthakA balidAna krde| grAma bharane sImita astitvako rASTrase pRthaka na samajhakara, rASTra ke prati mAramasamapaNa karake apanA kSudratva miTA ddaale| pAThAntara-- janapadArtha graamstyjyte| rASTrahita ke liye prAmakA kSudrahita tyAga diyA jAtA hai / Page #373 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi (kauTumbika svArthake balidAnakI sthiti) grAmArthaM kuTumbastyajyate // 384 // jaba kisIkA kuTumba grAmakI zAntikA vighna bana rahA ho taba vaha kuTumbako tyAgakara grAmako apanAye rahe yA usakA sAtha de| vivaraNa- manuSya grAmake sArvajanika kalyANakI surakSAke liye pAri. vArika kSudra svArthako tyAga de / dUsare zabdoM meM apane pArivArika svArthako grAmake sArvajanika svArthase alaga na samajhe / saMsArameM jitane vivAda, kalaha aura yuddha khaDe hote haiM saba apane svArthako sArvajanika svArthase alaga mAna rakhanese hI hote haiM / yadi samAjameM sArvajanika kalyANakI rakSAkI pravRtti jAga uThe yA jagA dI jAya to dezameM satayuga yA rAmarAjya bhAjAya / (putratyAgakI sthiti ) ( adhika sUtra ) kuTumbArthaM putrastyajyate / putrake kuTumbakI zAnti meM vighna banajAne para use tyAga de aura kuTumbako apanAye rhe| vivaraNa- jisa putrase kulakI rakSAkI bhAzA bAMdhI jAtI hai, usIse yadi kulocchedakI saMbhAvanA prabala hojAya to usa putrako tyAga denA kartavya hojAtA hai aura tyAga denA par3atA hai| isaliye manuSya apane samasta pari. vArakI svArtharakSAke liye apane Atmaja putra se saMbaMdha rakhanevAlI kSudra svArtha. buddhi ko tyAga de| kuTumbake netAkA kartavya hai ki vaha parivAra ke pratyeka sadasya ke sAtha aurasa putrake samAna bartAva kare / aisA na karanepara kuTumbakA netRtva surakSita nahIM raha sktaa| ( sarvatyAgakI sthiti ) ( adhika sUtra) AtmArthaM sarvaM tyajati / apane AtmakalyANake liye (dUsare zabdoM meM apanI Atma. Page #374 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sarvatyAgakI sthiti 347 sthitirUpI satyako surakSita rakhane ke liye ) apane saMpUrNa pArthiva svArthIko tyAga de| vivaraNa- yahAMtaka tyAga de ki saMpUrNa rASTrake asatyakA dAsa hojAne para satyarakSA yA bhAtmarakSAke nAma para niHsaMkoca hokara saMpUrNa saMsArakA virodha karaneko khaDA hojAya / ekamAtra satyarakSA hI manuSyakI mAtmarakSA hai / manuSyajIvanakA lakSya yahI hai ki manuSya satyasvarUpako apanAye, vizva. vijayI bane, sampUrNa jagatke asatya mithyAcAra bhanadhikAra anyAyake virodhameM khaDA hojAya aura satyasvarUpa AtmasthitikI rakSA kre| yahI manuSya ke jIvanakA vyaktigata mAdarza bhI hai| manuSya isa apane vyaktigata mAdarzako kabhI na bhUle / Atma vismatimeM na paDanA hI manuSya jIvanakA lakSya hai| apane rASTra kI sevA karanA jJAnIkA hI bhasyAjya dharma hai| jJAnI hI rASTrakA saMrakSaka hotA hai| ajJAnI to rASTake ghAtaka hote haiN| inakA to rASTra ke sAtha kevala svArthakA saMbaMdha hotA hai / ajJAnI loga to rASTra ke bahe. liye ( zikArI) hote haiN| inakI dRSTi meM samAja svArthasAdhanarUpI luuttk| kSetra hotA hai / jJAnI rASTrake sAtha paramArtha yA sevAkA saMbaMdha rakhatA hai| manuSya yaha jAne ki apane vyaktigata kalyANameM hI rASTrakA tathA rASTa ke kalyANameM vyaktikA kalyANa hai| manuSya jJAnI banA rahe yahI usakA vyaktigata kalyANa hai| manuSyakA isase bar3A aura kyA kalyANa ho sakatA hai ki vaha jJAnI ho / yadi saMyogavaza jJAnIkA saMpUrNa rASTra ajJAnI bana jAya, usa samaya jJAnIkA pavitra kartavya ho jAtA hai ki vaha saMpUrNa rASTraka kalyANako apane meM kendrIbhUta karale aura akelA hI asatyakA virodha karake satyake rakSaka banane ke svAbhAvika mAnavocita adhikArakA bhoga kare aura apaneko isI meM gauravAnvita mAne / jJAnI akelA honepara bhI saMpUrNa rASTra kA karNadhAra hotA hai| eko'hamasahAyo'haM kRzo'hamaparicchadaH / svapne'pyevaM vidhA cintA mRgendrasya na jaayte|| Page #375 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi jaise mRgarAja ke manameM yaha cintA kabhI nahIM AtI ki maiM akelA asahAya, kRza yA sAmagrIhIna huuN| isI prakAra jJAnI bhI kabhI akelA nahIM hai / usake sAtha usakA ArAdhyadeva vaha satyanArAyaNa sadA hI lagA rahatA hai jo sadA usakI pIThapara anumodanakA hAtha rakkhe rahatA hai| yadi samasta deza AtmadrohI, satyadrohI siddhAntaviruddhagAmI ho jAya to jJAnI mAnava janapadako tyAgakara satya ke pathapara avelA calakara asatyavirodhI saMgrAmazIla jIvanayAtrA kare | 348 ye cAroM sUtra yaha kahanA cAhate haiM ki manuSya yA samAjake sAtha apane tyAjya grAhyakI kasauTI, zAnti aura nyAya hI honI cAhiye / manuSya sarvAvasthA meM nyAya tathA zAntiko apanAye rahe / bhale hI aisA karane se use putra, kuTumba, grAma, deza yahAMtaka sAre saMsArako tyAga denA paDe aura avelA raddakara anyAyI saMsAra ke sAtha laDakara satyArtha bali hojAnA paDe / manuSyatA hI zAnti tathA nyAyakI saMrakSaka hai | manuSyako kisI bhI bhavasthA meM manuSyatAko na tyAganekI prabala preraNA denA hI ina sUtroMkA abhiprAya hai / manISI sUtrakArane janapada, grAma, kuTumba aura putra sabako tyAjya koTi meM rakhakara manuSyakI manuSyatAko hI asyAjya samajhAyA hai / ( guNavAn putrake lAbhakI prazaMsA ) atilAbhaH J putralAbhaH || 385 // putralAbha sarvazreSTha lAbha hai / vivaraNa- guNI putrakA pitA honA hI santAnavAn honA hai| nirguNa putrakA pitA honA pitAkI ayogyatA bhI haiM aura sAtha hI usakI putrahInatA bhI hai / nirguNa ayogya putra to parivArakA hI nahIM rASTrakA bhI zatru hai / rASTra - zatru, samAja - zatru, parivAra zatru putrakA pAlanapoSaNa karanA, rASTradroha, samAjadroha, parivAradroha tathA Atmadroha hai| satputra pAjAnA pitAkA asAdhAraNa lAbha yA saubhAgya hai / satputra yA guNI putra pAjAnA hI Page #376 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ guNavAn putrake lAbhakI prazaMsA 349 putralAbha hai / jAtidharmoM, kuladharmoM tathA saMskRtiyoM kI rakSA satputroMse hI hotI hai| aise udAraputra pAnA saMsArakA sarvocca lAbha hai| manuSya ke sira jo pitRRNa nAmaka RNa hai vaha samAjako yogya, guNI, jJAnI, mahAtmA putra denese hI utaratA hai aura pitA RNa-mukta hojAtA hai / vaMza tathA vaMzAnugata sadAcAroM kI paramparAkA saMrakSaNa aura usa paramparAkA saMzodhana parivardhana tathA saMskaraNa suputroMse hI hotA hai| ( adhika sutra ) prAyeNa hi putrAH pitrmnuvrtnte| sAdhAraNa niyama to yahI hai ki putra pitAke hI jIvanAcArake anukUla banajAte haiN| vivaraNa-- putra pAya: pitAke hI cari base caritra sIkhate haiN| isI. liye putra ke sAmane manuSyatAkA Adarza rakhanA pitAkA hI uttaradAyitva hai| muputrakA pitA bananA hI pitRtvakI sArthakatA hai| yAdRzeH sannivizate yAddazAMzcopasevata / yAddagicchecca bhavituM tAdRgbhavati pUruSaH // (vidUra ) manuSya janoM ke saMparka meM uThatA baiThatA, jinakI zraddhAse upAlanA karatA aura svayaM jaisA bananA cAhatA hai vaisA bana jAtA hai / kucha putra pitAke viparIta lacche bure bhAcaraNa samAja meM se sIkhate haiM / acche pitAkI burI santati tathA bure pitAkI acchI santati yada eka kAdAcitka ghaTanA hai| guNI pitAke avinIta ajJAnI putra pitAkI jIvananItile viparIla calakara apayaza tathA duHkha bhogate haiN| vidyA, vinaya tathA dharmase sampanna putra apane dhArmika pitAke Adeza tathA AdarzakA anusaraNa karate haiN| yenAsya pitaro yAtA yena yAtAH pitAmahAH / yena yAyAt satAM mArga tena gacchanna ripyata / / manuSya pitA-pitAmaha jisa bhadramArgase yAtrA kara ke yaza aura sukha Page #377 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 350 cANakyasUtrANi pAkara gaye haiM manuSya mAnavatAke vikAsaka usI sanmArgase cle| usapara calanese kabhI duHkha nahIM bhogtaa| majAsthisnAyavaH zukkAdraktAntvaMDyAMsazoNitAH / santAnake zarIra meM majA, asthi tathA snAyu pitAke devase Ate haiN| tvacA, mAMsa tathA rakta mAtAke zarIrase Ate haiN| (saccA putra) durgateH pitarau rakSati sa putraH // 386 // putra durgatise mAtApitAkI rakSA karate haiM / vivaraNa-putra kA janma hote hI pitA-mAtAke sammukha santAnapAlana dharmakA uttaradAyisva mA khaDA hotA hai| yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM ki putrakA janma honA hI dhArmika pitA-mAtAke jIvanakA pavitra dharmabandhana meM baMdha hojAtA hai / putrajanma hote hI pitA-mAtAke sammukha putrake sAmane manuSya. tAke Adarzako mUrtimAn karake rakhanekA kartavya unake jIvana ke lakSyakA rUpa le letA hai| putrajanma hote hI abhibhAvake ucchaMkhala jIvana bitAnekA mArga roka denevAlA mAnavIya mAdarza zaktimAn banakara mAtA-pitAko satyarakSA nAmaka lohazRMkhalAmeM bAMdhakara khaDA kara detA hai aura parivArako Adarza tapovanakA rUpa de DAlatA hai / Arya vicAroM ke anusAra ajJAnarUpI narakase trANa karaneke artha meM hI santAnako putra kahA jAtA hai / satyasvarUpa jJAna. jyoti hI manuSyako ajJAnarUpI narakase bacAtI hai| ajJAnarUpI narakase mAtA-pitAkA trANa karanevAlI satyasvarUpa jJAnajyoti svayaM hI santAnapAlana dharmakA rUpa lekara mAtA-pitAkI godako jyotirmaya banA DAlatI hai| jIvanake uJca sAdarzako apane parivArake bAlamunimaNDala meM vyAvahArika rUpa dekara dhanya honA mAtA-pitA banane ke abhilASiyoM ke liye bar3e hI saubhAgyakI bAta hai| yahI saubhAgya mAtA-pitAke pAsa santAnakA rUpa lekara AtA hai| santAnake rUpa meM upasthita huA yaha saubhAgya mAtA-pitAko kugRhasthIkA Page #378 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ saccA putra 351 bhAravAhI mAtra na rahane dekara unheM mAdarza rASTrasevAme dIkSita kara detA hai / pitA-mAtA bananevAloMkA dharma hai ki ve rASTameM manuSyatAkI paramparAko jIvita rakkhe / putrakI sArthakatA isI meM hai ki bhUmiSTha hokara mAtA-pitAko durAcAra, ucchaMkhala nimaryAda jIvana bitAne rUpI durgatise roka le tathA unake zArIrika dRSTise asamartha dinoMmeM unakI ucita sevA karake unheM kleza, saMtApa tathA zokarUpI narakase ubAra le / yogya guNI satputroM ko sevAse vaMcita rahanA hI mAtA-pitAkI durgati hai| unheM taba hI ThaMDaka paDatI hai jaba unakA putra pavitra hotA hai| mAtApitA susantAnakI kAmanAse hI saMtAnapAlana dharmakA AcaraNa kareM isImeM unakA tathA unheM pAlanevAle rASTrakA kalyANa hai| mAtA-pitAkA santAnapAlana dharma sArthaka hojAya aura unakA putra guNI bana jAya yahI unakA svarga hai| mAtA-pitAkA santAnapAlana dharma sArthaka na ho aura unheM kuputroM ke mukha dekhane paDhe yahI unakI durgati hai / " saheva dazabhiH putra aura vahati gardabhI" gadhI dasa beToMkI mA~ hotI huI bhI unhIM ke rahate unhIMke sAtha bojha DhotI DhotI mara jAtI hai| jaise use una dasoM putroM ke honekA koI guNa nahIM lagatA, isI prakAra ayogya santAnoMse mAtApitAkA koI lAbha nahIM hai| apane jaise prANI to kIDe makauDe bhI utpana kara lete haiN| mayazasvI putroMkA mAtA-pitA banajAne meM koI mahatva nahIM hai| aba bhApa dekhiye mAtA-pitA banane kI icchA karanA kitanA bar3A uttaradAyitva hai| jabataka mAtA-pitA loga apane gharoMko RSiyoMkI tapobhUmi aura vaidika vizvavidyAlaya nahIM banA leMge tabataka unakA durgatinivAraka saMtAna pAnA asaMbhava hai / dezako susantAna milanA banda hojAnA hI mAjakA ronA hai / jabataka deza kI janatA aura rAjyavyavasthA susantAnoM ke nirmANakA sunizcita prabandha nahIM karegI tabataka dezakA durgata rahanA bhani. vArtha hai| Page #379 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi kulaM prakhyApayati putraH // 387 // susantAna apanI vidyA, dAna, mAna, yaza tathA dharmase apane caMzakA mukha ujjvala kara datA hai| eko hi guNavAna putro nirguNena zatena kim ? candro haMti tamAMsyako na ca jyotiH sahasrazaH // eka guNI putra hI paryApta hai / sau nirgaNa putroMse kalyANa nahIM hai / candramA eka hI una aMdhakAroMko miTA DAlatA hai jo sahasro tArose nahIM miTa paate| uttamazcintitaM kuryAt proktakArI ca madhyamaH / adhamo'zraddhayA kuryaadktoccritN pituH // uttama putra vaha hai jo yogya pitAke ciMtitamAtrako samajha jAya aura karale, madhyama vaha hai jo usake kahe hueko karale, adhama vaha hai jo azra. dvAse kareM / jo kare hI nahIM vaha putra nahIM / ( saccA puruSa) ( adhika sUtra ) yena tatkulaM prakhyAtaM saH puruSaH / kula meM utpanna honevAle jisa mAnavase usakA kula, vidyA, guNa, dharma tathA gauravase jagamagA uThe vahI saccA puruSa hai| vivaraNa- jisake utpanna hone se kulako agaurava mile, vaha puruSa puruSagaNanAmeM Ane ke yogya nahIM hai / pAtre tyAgI, guNe rAgI, bhogI parijanaiH saha / zAstre boddhA, raNe yoddhA, puruSaH paMcalakSaNaH / / pAtrako dAna deMgevAlA, guNoMkA premI, parijanoM ko khilAkara khAnevAlA, vidyAkA pAraMgata, pApake viruddha saMgrAma karane meM pravINa ye pAMca bAteM jisameM haiM vahI saccA mAnava hai| Page #380 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhAryAtvakI saphalatA 353 ( suputravinA sukha kI asaMbhavatA) nA'napatyasya svargaH // 388 // jisakA putra suputra nahIM hotA use sukha prApta nahIM hotaa| vivaraNa-susantatihIna puruSako zuddha vaMzaparamparA calAne yA sRSTi. rakSAmeM sahayoga denekA harSa prApta nahIM hotaa| apane jaise do cAra, dasa pAMca prANI utpanna hone kA kAraNa bana jAnA yaha sAdhAraNa puruSako mAnasika sthiti hai| ucca zreNIke udharatA dAnta loga apane zarIrase, apane jaise paidA karanekA prayatna na karake logoMko vicAroM meM apane jaise zuddha, sadAra, sadAcArI banAne kA prayatna karate haiM aura Ajanma urvaratA rahakara samAjako sadaguNI banAnekI tapasyA kiyA karate haiM / ya loga neSThika brahmacArI kahAte hai / naiSThika brahmacArI loga apanA vidyAvaMza calAkara bhArSa sampradAyako jIvita rakhate haiM / sAre vidvAn inhIke apatya haiM / ( bhAryAtvakI saphalatA ) yA prasate ( sA) bhAryA / / 389 / / supsantAnakI jananI hI patikI saccI bhAryA hai / susantAnospatti meM hI bhAyAtvakI saphalatA hai| vivaraNa- bhAryAmeM suputra-janakatAse hI vizeSatA tathA mAnyatA AtI hai| vaha isa sRSTi vyavasthAkA hI aMga hai / sRSTivyavasthA samasta prANiyoMkI paramparA calAne ke liye jaise pazupakSiyoM ko dAmpatya dharma meM dIkSita karatI hai vaise hI mAnavoMko bhI karatI hai| zArIrika dRSTi se apane jase prANI utpanna karanA pazuoM kA svabhAva tathA mAnasika dRSTile udAra mAnavoMko saSTimeM Ane kA avasara denA mAnavakA katavya hai / samAjako yogya sadasya denA gRhasthAzramakA uttaradAyitva hai| ayogya, pApI, durAcArI manuSya utpanna karanA gRhasthAzramakA kalaMka hai| aise narAdhama paidA karane se to bhAkA vandhyA rahanA hI acchA hai / 23 (cANakya.) Page #381 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 354 cANakyasUtrANi guNigaNagaNanArambhe na patati kaThinI sasaMbhramAdyasya / tenAmbA yadi sutinI vada vandhyA kIdRzI bhavati / (viSNuzarmA ) guNiyoM kI gaNanA bhArambha honepara jisa putrake liye jJAni-samAjakI sAparya, sagaurava aMgulI nahIM uThatI, usa putrase bhI yadi mAtA putravAlI kahalAtI hoM to batAo vandhyA kaisI hotI hai ? sRSTiparamparAkI mAnavako dI huI dAmpatyadIkSA suyogya santAnotpAdanake liye susaMyata gRhasthAzrama bitAnese hI saphala hotI hai| garbhadhAraNI bana jAnA mAta mAtatva nahIM hai| kintu bhUloMko avatIrNa santAnakA ucita lAlanapAlana karake use vaMzakA makha ujjvala karanevAlA banAnA hI mAtA nAmako sArthaka karanevAlA mAtRtva dharma hai / bhayogya garbhako dhAraNa karanA mAtRtvakA kalaMka hai / tIrthasamavAye putravatImanugacchet / / 390 // pAThAntara- tIrthasamavAye jIvatputrAM gacchet / pAThAntara- tIrthasamavAye putrasutAmadhigacchet / (brahmacaryavinAzakI sthiti) satIrthA'bhigamanAd brahmacarya nazyati / / 391 // eka gurUse paDhanevAle vidyArthI vidyArthinIkA nikaTa saMparka brahmacaryakA vinAzaka hai| vivaraNa- 'satIrthyAstvekaguravaH' eka gurUse vidyAdhyayana karanevAle parasparameM satIrthya kahAte haiM / satIrthya loga eka gurUkI santAna hai / 'vaMzo dvidhA vidyayA janmanA ca' vaMza yA kula vidyAvaMza tathA janmavaMzake bhedase do prakArakA hotA hai| eka gurUle vidyAdhyayana karane vAle bAlaka bAlikA. bhoMkA paraspara bhrAtA-bhaginIkA saMbaMdha hotA hai / satIrya loga guruvaMzakI sahodara santati hote haiM / inakA saMbandha janmaja sahodara sahodarAke saMbandha se nyUna pavitra nahIM hotaa| ye paraspara gurubhAI yA gurubhaginI kahAte haiM / Page #382 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ brahmacarya vinAzakI sthiti 355 vidyAvaMzake bhAI bahanoMke isa pavitra saMbaMdhako surakSita rakhanA hI svAbhAvika tathA surakSya mAnanA cAhiye, jitanA ki sahodara sahodarAkA saMbandha svabhAvase surakSita rahatA aura mAnA jAtA hai| yadi kinhIM satIrthya vidyArthI vidyArthiniyoM ke isa saMbaMdhake kaluSita hone kI saMbhAvanA ho to isa pravRttikA pUrNa damana karanekI AvazyakatA hai| yaha sUtra satIyau~ko kAluSyazaMkAse bhatIta rakhanevAlI sAvadhAnavANIke hI rUpameM kahA jA rahA hai / yaha sUtra kahanA cAhatA hai ki zikSAgrahaNake nAmapara satIthya vidyArthI vidyArthiH niyoM kA nikaTa nivAsa vipatse rahita nahIM hai| ghRtakumbhasamA nArI taptAGgArasamaH pumAn / tasmAdagnizca kumbhazca naikatra sthApayed budhaH / / nArI ghRtakumbhake tathA puruSa taptAGgArake samAna hotA hai| isaliye khuddhimAn zikSAprabandhaka strIpuruSa vidyArthiyoMkA ekatrAvasthAna na hone deN| vidyArthI vidyArthiniyoM kI sahazikSA taba hI samarthanIya ho sakatI hai jaba unakI vidyA unake manoMmeM bhrAtAbhaginoke pavitra saMbaMdhako sabaDha banAye rakhane ke liye naitika uccAdarzako samujjvala rakha sake / vidyArthI vidyArthiniyoM donoMpara guruoMkA yaha zAsana rahanA cAhiye ki ve vidyAgrahaNake atirikta anya kisI (ucchakhala) bhAvanAko manameM sthAna na deM aura unheM aniSTa. kArI saMbaMdhase bacAye rakhane meM zithilatA yA pramAda na kreN| vidyAsthAna vidyAkA hI prabhAvakSetra rahanA cAhiye / vidyAsthAnoM meM vidyAbahirbhUta ucchaM. khala kalpanAoMko pravezAdhikAra nahIM milanA cAhiye / rASTrako apanI zikSA. zAlAoMko anaitikatAse kaluSita nahIM hone denA caahiye| __ isa sUtra meM abhigamana zabda dvArA puruSa vidyArthiyoM ke nikaTa sambandha hojAneke mAzaMkAjanaka pariNAmapara pratibandha lagAyA jA rahA hai| isa satra meM abhigamanake pariNAmako hI brahmacarya vinAzaka batAyA jA rahA hai| jo nikaTa saMparka yA jisa nikaTa saMparkakA pariNAma aniSTakAraka hai usa nikaTa saMparkale mAtmarakSA karane rUpI upadeza ke abhiprAyako dhyAna meM rakhakara Page #383 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 356 cANakyasUtrANi abhigamanakA vaha bhartha lagAnA bhrAntimUlaka hogA jo ki aniSTa pariNAmakA hI nAmAntara hai / isapara prazna hotA hai ki jisa mAzaMkAke nikaTa saMbandha aniSTa kara batAyA jA rahA hai usa nikaTa saMparkakA svarUpa kyA hai ? patana. saMbhAvanAse bacAye rakhanevAlA zArIrika, prArthakya yA dUratA kisa sImAtaka saMrakSaNIya hai isa bAtakA nirNaya kauna kare ? uttara yahI hai ki jo vidyArthI vidyArthinI pavitratAko surakSita rakhane ke Adarzako pAlanA apanA kartavya samajheM ve hI svayaM isake nirNAyaka honeke yogya haiN| unhIMko isakA nirNaya karanA caahiye| jaba guruloga unheM sAvadhAnatAke upadeza deM taba ve unake sAmane kevala pavitratAkI mahimAkA bakhAna kreN| unake samakSa pavitratAkI mahimAke kIrtanake atirikta unake sahAvasthAnakI sImAyeM na btaayeN| isaliye na batAye ki sImA batAna! yA na batAnA koI artha nahIM rkhtaa| vaha saba bekAra jAtA hai / bAta yaha hai ki patanakI sambhAvanA zArIrika pArthakyapara nirbhara nahIM hai| isaliye nahIM hai ki patanakA sthAna to mana hI hai / isa sUkSma vivecanake bhAdhArapara isa sUtrane satIrthya naranAriyoM ke sambandha meM jo zaMkA prakaTa kI hai isakA vAstava pratikAra sahazikSAko roka denA hI hai / sUtrakAra prakArAntarale kahanA cAhate haiM ki sahazikSA nahIM honI caahiye| jo kSetra zaMkAse vyApta hai, manuzya usameM praveza hI kyoM kareM ? zaMkAkSetrameM praveza karanA anivArya kartavya nahIM humA karatA / zaMkAke kSetrakA varjana hI mAtmarakSAkA ekamAtra upAya hotA hai| jisa kSetrameM patanakI sambhAvanA hotI hai, bhAmarakSArthI ke liye usa kSetrakA varaNa karanA kadApi vAMchanIya nahIM hotA / aise kSetrakA to parityAga hI Adarza ke anukUla hotA hai| isa sUtrameM ApAla dRSTise kucha sImAtaka sahazikSAkA samarthana kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai parantu usake bhayAvaha pariNAmoM kI ora saMketa karake sahazikSAkA khaNDana kara DAlA gayA hai| vidyArjana hI vidyArthI-vidyArthiniyoMkA dhyeya hai, pArasparika sAnidhya nahIM / jaba ki vidyArjanake lie Page #384 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ patnItvakA sadupayoga 357 sahazikSA anivArya rUpameM kadApi svIkaraNIya nahIM hai taba sahazikSA svayameva parityAjya siddha hojAtI hai| sUtra meM isI siddhAntakA spaSTa samarthana hai| pAThAntara-- na satIrthAbhigamanAd brahmacarya nazyati / na parakSetre bIjaM nikSipet // 392 // yaha pATha apapATha hai| (patnItvakA sadupayoga) putrArthA hi striyaH // 393 // patniye bhogArtha na hokara satputrotpAdanArtha haiN| vivaraNa-- striya dharmapUrvaka satputra utpanna karake samAjako guNI, svastha, vidvAna, sadAcArI aura balavAn sadasya dekara pitaRNa utArane yA kartavya. buddhise sRSTi paramparAkI 3kSA dhArmika sahayoga dene ke liye haiM / patnIsaMgrahakA ekamAtra lakSya samAjako dhArmika pravRtti kI santAna denA hai| samAjane yogya sadasya pAne ke liye ekaniSTha dAmpatyakI vyavasthA kI hai / samA. jako dhArmika pravRtti kI santAna dene ke liye pati-patnIkA bhogAkarSaNase saMbaddha na hokara yajJakriyA arthAt vivAhako dhArmika katavya samajha kara paraspara saMbaddha honA Avazyaka hai| samAja sadgaNI sadasya pAne ke liye cAhatA hai ki pati-patnIkA sammilana " prajAya gRhamedhinAm : kevala yogya santAnotpatti rUpI lakSya ko pUrA karane ke liye ho aura vaha bhogArtha na hokara apane upara dhArmika kartavyakA rUpa lekara rii| svadAsIprarigrahA hi svadAsabhAvaH // 394 // apanI dAsIko bhogyA banAkara grahaNa karanA usIkA dAsa banakara patita hojAnA hai| vivaraNa-jI dhikArjanake liye apane samparka meM mAnevAlI dAsIpara kudRSTi DAlanA aura use bhogapAtra banAnA svayaM bhI usIkA dAsa bana jAnA hai| Page #385 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 358 cANakyasUtrANi ( vinAzakA pUrvacincha ) upasthitavinAzaH pathyavAkyaM na zRNoti // 395 // avazyaMbhAvI vinAzavAlA hitaiSiyoM ke pathya vAkya nahIM sunA karatA / dIpanirvANagandhaM ca suhRdvAkyamarundhatIm / na jighranti na zRNvanti na pazyanti gatAyuSaH // naSTa honeko prastuta logoMko dIpaka bujhanekI gaMdha nahIM AtI, hitaiSiyoMke upadeza sunAI nahIM dete aura arundhatI nahIM dIkhatI / " vinAzakAle viparItabuddhiH / " bure dina jAnepara manuSyakI buddhi, viparItagrAhiNI hojAtI hai / vipatti ke dinoM barDoM baDoMkI buddhiyAM bhraSTa hojAtI haiM / buddhimAn vahI hai jo sarvAvasthA meM jJAnavRddha, vayovRddha hitaiSiyoMke sAtha sammilita rahakara unhIM kI subuddhise paricAlita hokara unhIMkI abhijJatA aura unhIM ke jJAnAlokase apanA kartavyamArga dekhatA rahatA hai / kartavya bhraSTa na rahane kI yahI kuMjI hai ki manuSya kartavyAkartavya nirNaya ke saMkaTapara buddhimAnU logoM se parAmarza lekara abhrAnta banA rahe / ( sukhaduHkha jIvanakI anivArya sthiti ) nAsti dehinAM sukhaduHkhAbhAvaH // 396 // dehadhAriyoMko bhautika sukhaduHkha milanA kabhI baMda nahIM ho sakatA / vivaraNa -- manuSyako ucita hai ki vaha saMsArI sukhaduHkha donoM ko saMsArakI anivArya ghaTanA mAnakara inase vicalita na hokara ( arthAt kabhI sukhI kabhI duHkhI na hokara ) aprabhAvita rahe aura inake viSaya meM apanA dRSTikoNa badalakara apanI buddhiko sthira rakkhe / vaha sukhameM ullasita honA tathA duHkhase parAbhUta yA avasanna honA tyAga de / vaha jAne ki yaha to honA hI hai | buddhimAn manuSya aisA dRSTikoNa banAkara saMsAra meM vijetAkI Page #386 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sukhaduHkha svotpAdita 359 sthiti lekara rahane lagatA hai| vaha sukhaduHkha kisIkA bhI dInadAsa nahIM rahatA / sukhaduHkhAtIta sAmyAvasthAmeM rahanA hI sacce sukhI bananekA ekamAtra mArga hai| bhautika sukha na bhI mila sake taba bhI sukhI rahane laganA tathA bhautika duHkha milane lage taba bhI apane sAmAdhIna kartagyameM baTala rahakara duHkha na mAnanA sakhA sukha pAnA hai| jisa vicArazIla mAnavake pAsa sukhecchA aura duHkhabhIti na rahI ho, vahI saccA sukhI hai / sukhaduHkhAtIta samatAkI bhAvanA hI zaktikI jananI hai| acintitAni duHkhAni yathaivAyAnti dehinAm / sukhAnyapi tathA manye daivamatrAtiricyate // manuSya yaha jAne ki jaise atarkita duHkha dehadhAriyoMke pAsa jaMgalameM akasmAta AkhaDe honevAle bheDiyoMke samAna manuSya ke pAsa bhAkhaDe hote haiM isI prakAra sukha bhI manuSya ke pAsa jaMgala meM akasmAta mila jAnevAle kucha kAlake yAtrI sundara mRgoMke samAna bhAkhaDe hote haiN| isa ghaTanAcakrameM devakI vaha macitanya gupTha udAra icchA kAma karatI rahatI hai jisakI ora mUDha mAnavakA dhyAna hI nahIM jaataa| sukhaduHkha donoM manuSyake sAmane krama kramase lAye aura haTAye jAkara use yaha sujhAva denA cAhate haiM ki " yadi tumheM saccA sakha pAnA ho to apanI saMsArayAtrAmeM hama kucha kAlake yAtri. yoMke baMdhanameM mata Ao tabhI sukhI raha skoge|" (sukhaduHkha svotpAdita ) mAtaramiva vatsAH sukhaduHkhAni katAramevAnugacchanti // 397 // __sakhaduHkha mAtAke pIche pIche ghUmanevAle vatsoMke samAna karmarata vyaktikA anusaraNa kiyA karate haiN| vivaraNa- jaise mAtA vatsakI jananI hai, isI prakAra manuSyoM ke karma bhI sukhaduHkha kahalAnevAle bhautika suphala kuphaloMke utpAdaka hote haiN| jahAM kahIM kama hotA hai vahIM bhautika suphala kuphaloMke bandhanameM phaMsAnevAlI Page #387 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 360 cANakyasUtrANi ajJAnatA tathA phaMsanekI sambhAvanA bhI rahatI hai| yahI karmabandhana hai / isa karmabandhana se atIta nitya sukhI bane rahanA hI saccA jJAna hai / karmamAtrakA bhautika, anukUla yA pratikUla phala avazyaMbhAvI hotA hai / manuSya bhautika anukUla, pratikUla, phaloM ko hI sukhaduHkha nAma denekI bhrAnti kara baiThatA hai / karmaphaloM ko sukhaduHkha kahane laganA yA mAnane laganA to pratArita honA hai / karmaphalase manapara paDanevAle anivArya prabhAva hI vAsta vameM sukhaduHkha haiM / sukhaduHkha samajhe huye karmaphaloMkI pratAraNA phaMsa jAnA ajJAna hai / karmaphala avazyambhAvI parivartanazIla asthira avasthAyeM haiM / ina avazyaMbhAvI parivartanazIla asthira avasthAoM ko jJAnase parAbhUta karake sthira banakara rahanA hI duHkhaddIna akhaNDa vijayollAsa yA nitya sugva hai / sukha yA duHkha mAtAke pIche niyamase lage phiranevAle bAlakoMke samAna svabhAva se kartA ke pIche niyalase lage phirate haiM / sukhaduHkha puNyapApa ke pariNAma ke pratIkSakakI zrAnti hI utpanna hote haiN| adhyAtmarAmAyaNa ke anusAra sukhasya duHkhasya na ko'pi dAtA paro dadAtIti kubuddhirepA / sukhaduHkha koI dusarA detA hai yaha manuSyakI kubuddhi hai| manuSyakI burI bhalI kalpanA hI use sukhaduHkha denevAlI hai / jo burI bhAvanA karatA hai, vaha pApajanya azAntirUpA mAnasaduHkha pAnase apane ko bacA hI nahIM sakatA / jo subhAvanArUpI puNyakArI hotA hai vaha puNyajanya zAntinAmaka mAnasasukhase kabhI cita raha hI nahIM sakatA / jo karatA hai vahI bhogatA hai| burI bhAvanA hI burA karma aura zubha bhAvanA hI zubha karma hai / karma svayaM na to burA hotA hai aura na bhalA / karmameM dIkhanevAlI burAI bhalAI bhAvanAkI hI burAI bhalAI hotI hai / karmameM burAI karmapreraka bhAvanAoM kA udhAra hotA hai| bhAvanA zuddha honepara aparAdha samajhe hue karma bhI nirdoSa mAne jAte haiM / bhAvanA azuddha honepara kiye hue bhale kAma bhI pApapakSa meM hI gine jAte haiN| jaise corI karane yA dUsaroM ko Thaganeke liye oDhA huA 1 Page #388 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sAdhukA upakArakake prati Atmavikraya " rAmanAmI dupaTTA bhI corI aura ugakA hI sAdhana mAnA jAtA hai isIprakAra bhAvanA zuddha na honepara zubhakarma bhI burI bhAvanAkA hI aMga bana jAtA hai / yaha saMsAracakra, rAgadveSa puNyapApa tathA sukhaduHkha nAmake 6 bharoMse calatA hai / mAnavajIvana meM inameM se kisI na kisI pakSakA nirbala, sabala hote rahanA anivArya hai / jo duHkhase bacanA cAheM ve mAnasapApa karanA tyAga deM / jo sukhI honA cAheM ve mAnasa puNyAnuSThAna kareM arthAt sadbhAvanAse jIvanayApana kareM / manuSya svAdhIna mAnasa sukhaduHkhako na samajha kara unheM chaTAnekA prayatna na karake sAdI zrAyu una parAdhIna bhautika sukhaduHkhoMse jhagar3ane meM hI vyartha khodete haiM jinapara unakA koI vaza nahIM calatA / mAnava ke bhautika astitvapara aMtima vijaya bhautika duHkhoM kI hI hotI / roga, zoka, coTa aura mRtyu hI zarIra ke antima svAmI siddha hote haiM / jina mAnasa sukhaduHkhoMpara manuSyakA vaza cala sakatA hai, jahA~ vaha pUrA duHkhavijayI bana sakatA hai, vahAM apane usa mAnakSetrapara apanA vazIkAra na karake manuSya apanI hI bhUlase duHkhakA pAtra banA rahatA hai | manuSya bhautika jagatpara adhikArahIna hai, jabaki vaha apane mAnasa saMsArakA ekacchatra samAd hai / yaha kitane bar3e duHkhakI bAta hai jahAM use samrATkI sthiti lekara rahanA cAhiye vahAM to vaha apane ajJAnase bhikha maMgekI dona hIna sthiti lekara rahatA hai aura jahAM ( prAkRtika kSetra meM ) vaha svabhAvase adhikArahIna hai vahAM vaha apanA adhikAra sthApita karane kI dhuna meM apanI AyuSyakA amUlya thoDAsA samaya vyartha khokara yahAM rIte hAtha calA jAtA hai / o mAnava ! tU sukhaduHkhake svAdhanikSetrapara hI sukhaduHkha para vijaya pAnekA prayatna kara, anadhikAra kSetrapara Thokara mata mAra aura use upekSApakSa meM DAlakara sukhI bana / ( sAdhukA upakAraka ke prati Atmavikraya ) tilamAtramapyupakAraM zailamAtraM manyate sAdhuH // 398 // sAdhuvRttike loga choTese upakArako bhI mahopakAra mAnakara cirakRtajJa bane rahate haiM / 361 Page #389 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi vivaraNa- ve sAdhuloga tiLamAtra upakArake badale meM upakArakake hAtha meM Atmavikraya kara dete haiM / isake viparIta asAdhuloga himAlaya ke barAbara upakArako sarasoMke barAbara bhI mAnaneko udyata nahIM hote / maryAdApuruSottama rAmacandra ne laMkA vijayake pazcAt ayodhyA Akara laMkA vijaya ke pramukha sahAyaka paramaupakAraka zrI hanumAna ke prati apanI kRtajJatA prakaTa karate hue kaisA sundara kahA hai madhyeva jIrNatAM yAtu yatvayopakRtaM hare / naraH pratyupakArArthI vipattimabhikAMkSati || 1 priya mAruti, tumane isa vijaya meM merA jo upakAra kiyA hai, maiM tumheM usakA koI badalA denA nahIM caahtaa| maiM cAhatA hUM ki tumhArA upakAra mujhameM hI jIrNa hojAya aura jIvanabhara kRtajJatAke bhArake rUpameM mere sirapara khar3A rahe / maiM tumheM tumhAre upakArakA badalA isaliye denA nahIM cAhatA ki pratyupakAra vipattiyoMmeM hI saMbhava hotA hai / upakArakakA pratyupakAra karanA cAhanevAle loga cAhate haiM ki mitrapara vipatti Aye to hama bhI badale meM usakA upakAra karake dikhAyeM | maiM tumapara aisI koI vipatti AnekI pratIkSA nahIM karanA cAhatA ki jisameM mujhe tumhAre vipaddAraNakA sahAyaka bananA paDe / Izvara na kare ki tumapara koI vipatti Aye / prazna hotA hai ki sAdhu tilamAtra upakArako zaila samAna kyoM dekhatA hai ? bAta yaha hai ki sAdhukI dRSTimeM upakArakA bhautika AkAra yA parimANa vivecya nahIM hotA / kintu upakArakakA vizAla hRdaya hI use Atmasama peNake liye vivaza karaDAlatA hai / sAdhu puruSa upakArIke sAtha apane upakRta hRdayakI ekatAkA mAdhurya cakhakara kRtakRtya hojAtA hai / isake viparIta sAdhukA kuTila saMkIrNa hRdaya apanI parasvApahAriNI lolupa bubhukSAko paritRpta karaneke liye dUsareke himAlaya tulya upakArako bhI apanI lobhAgnimeM bhasmIbhUta karake bhUkhAkA bhUkhA hI rahajAtA hai / vaha apanI duSpUra kAmAgnise pratArita hokara dUsaroMke upakAroMko kSaNamAtrameM bhUlakara akRtajJa bubhukSu banA rahajAtA hai / pAThAntara manyante sAdhavaH / 362 (6 ... dr Page #390 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ apAtrakA upakAra akartavya ( apAtrakA upakAra akartavya ) upakArosnAryedhvakartavyaH // 399 // 363 upakAra akRtajJa apAtra ke sAtha karanekI vastu nahIM hai / vivaraNa - parasukhalobhI hI anArya kahAte haiN| anArya loga upakartAko bhI DaMka mAranevAle bicchU ke samAna svabhAvase sabake hI dveSI hote haiM / inase paricaya baDhAnA inake duSTa svabhAvakA AkheTa bananA tathA unheM baDhAvA denA hotA hai / kisase kaisA vyavahAra karanA ? yaha manuSya ke sIkhanekI eka mahattvapUrNa nitya - vyavahArya kalA hai| kauna manuSya kisa yogyatA aura adhikArakA hai ? yaha binA jAne kiyA vyavahAra apane hI liye ghAtaka hojAtA hai | manuSyako puruSaparIkSA honI caahiye| nahIM to saMsAra meM vaha pade pade ThagA jAyagA / anArya logoMke sAtha to upekSAkA bartAva karanA cAhiye aura inase upekSAkA hI saMbandha bhI rakhanA caahiye| sajjanoMse maitrI, unhIMkA upakAra, supAtra donoMpara dayA, supAtra sukhiyako dekhakara muditA tathA pApiyoMkA virodha hI zreSTha nIti hai / isI nItise AryatAkI rakSA hotI hai / anAyoMke sAtha upakArakartAkA saMbandha sthApita karanekA pariNAma duHkha hI hotA hai / rAjyasaMsthA meM banAyako na jAne deneke liye rASTrako AryabhAvApanna honA cAhiye / yadi rAjyasaMsthAkA nirmANa karanekA adhikAra rakhanevAlA rASTra asAvadhAna hogA to rASTrako lUTakara apanA vyaktigata dhanabhaMDAra baDhAne ke icchuka anArya loga, rAjyasaMsthAmeM ghusakara apanI bhogezvaryecchAkI pUrtike liye rASTrake sAtha avazya hI vizvAsaghAta kreNge| rASTrakA hitAhita samajhanevAle rASTrake satpuruSoMko vizvAsya, avizvAsya, kRtaghna, kRtajJako pUrI pahacAna honI cAhiye / ve isa kAma ke liye pahale parIkSaNake rUpameM dUsaroMkA garhita hAnikI saMbhAvanA rahita vizvAsa tathA upakAra karake hI kRtajJa tathA vizvAsapAtroM ko pahacAna kara apanA sakate tathA vizvAsaghAtiyoM aura kRtaghnoM se baca sakate haiM / bhArya tathA anAryakI pahacAna vyavahAravinimaya meM hI Page #391 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi honI saMbhava hai / bhArya yA anAyakI koI zArIrika TakasAla nahIM hai jaisA ki kucha Adhunika bhrAnta lekhakoMkA mantavya hai / pAThAntara - upakAro nAstikAnAdareSu kartavyaH / yaha pATha maddatvaddIna hai / 364 { anAryakI akRtajJatAkA kAraNa ) pratyupakArabhayAdanAryaH zatrurbhavati / / 400 / / kaluSita hRdaya akRtajJa vyakti kisIse upakRta honepara usakA pratyupakAra na karane kI durabhisaMdhise usakA zatru hojAtA hai / vivaraNa- akRtajJa anArya puruSa dUsare bhadra puruSoMse TapakRta honepara, pratyupakAra karanA par3aneke Dara se vaisA prasaMga thAnese pahale hI unakA zatru banakara kRtajJatA ke mAnavocita bandhanako toDa pheMkane meM hI apanI caturAI samajhA karatA hai| upakartAko vipattiko dUra karanA yA usake kisI kAma meM sahAyaka bananA pratyupakAra kahatA hai / anAryakI sthiti dUdha pilAnevAloMko bhI kATanevAle sAMpoMkI-sI hotI hai| vaha apane svabhAvase kisIkA pratyupakAra na karaneke liye vivaza hotA hai / saMsArakA yaha prAyaH anubhava hai ki satpuruSoMke zatru sAdhAraNatayA ve hI hote haiM jo kabhI na kabhI unakI udAratA se upakRta hocuke hote haiM / kucha logoM kA yaha bhI kaTu anubhava hai ki upakAra karanA zatru utpanna karalenA hojAtA hai / isa anubhava ke AdhArapara yaha dhAraNA banacukI hai ki upakAraka logoMko upakAra ke badale meM zatrutA hI milA karatI hai| phira bhI satpuruSa zatrubhayase apanA svabhAva nahIM tyAga dete / ve apane svAbhAvAnusAra sabase sajjanatAkA bartAva karake hI manuSyako amuka mitra hai aura amuka zatru isa rUpa meM pahacAnakara mitrako bhavanA aura zatruko tyAga dete haiM / Page #392 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ devApamAna akartavya 365 akRtajJa anAryo ke hAtha hAni uThAneke pazcAt hI akRtajJa logoM se sAvadhAna rahanekA avasara AtA hai / pAtra apAtra ke tAtkAlika vicArake dvArA yogya pAtrakA upakAra karake hI mitralAbha honA sambhava hai / sarvA * GgINa parIkSA kiye binA kisIko mitra rUpameM apanAnA yA zatrubuddhi le tyAganA sambhava nahIM hai / Aryatva yA anAryava kinhIM vyaktiyoMke bhavayavoM, kuloM yA vaMzoM me sImita nahIM hai| manuSyako mAnasika sthitimeM do Arya yA anArya kI pahacAna hai / vyavahArase hI Arya anArya pahacAne jAsakate haiM, lambI nAsikA, vizAla lalATa, gaura varNa yA haDDiyoM kI banAvaTase nahIM / isa sUtra kA yaha abhiprAya nahIM hai ki kisI manuSyako janmake kAraNa anArya tathA akRtajJa samajhakara tyAga diyA jAya / kintu anubhava ke AdhAra para hI Arya anAryakI pahacAna karake tyAjya grAhyakA nirNaya kiyA jAya / ( upakAraka ke prati sAdhukI kartavyazIlatA ) svalpamapyupakArakRte pratyupakAraM kartumAryo na svapiti // 401 || satpuruSa javataka upakArIkA pratyupakAra karanekA apanA mAnavocita kartavya pUrA nahIM kara letA tabataka kSaNamAtra bhI nizcinta nahIM baiThatA 1 vivaraNa - Arthika, zArIrika, vAcika tathA mAnasabhedase upakAra cAra prakArakA hotA hai| manuSya dhana dekara, kisI vipadagrasta ke liye kisI prakArakA parizrama karake, hitakArI maMtraNA yA hitakArI vAcika sahAyatA dekara, athavA upakAryakI hitakAmanA se kisIke kalyANaseM sahAyaka ho sakatA hai| ( devApamAna akalavya ) na kadApi devatA'vamantakA // 402 // devabuddhise pUje jAnevAle sthAna, pratimA, citrAdi vastu yA Page #393 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi devacaritravAle zreSTha vyaktiyoMkA pramAda yA Alasyase kabhI bhI apamAna na karanA caahiye| vivaraNa-pramAda yA mAlasyase deva, dvija, guru, prAjJa Adi ucca zreNIkI vibhUtiyoMkA apamAna nahIM karanA cAhiye / isase unake zraddhAlu. oMkA zatru bananA paDatA hai aura apanI vicArazIlatA, ziSTAcAra tathA manu. vyatAkA apamAna hotA hai| pAThAntara-na kadAcidevakRtAnyavamantavyAni / deva, guru yA rAjAke kAryoMkI avahelanA na karanI cAhiye / (ghaTanAsthalake pratyakSa darzanakA mahatva ) na cakSuSaH samaM jyotirasti // 403 // cakSu saMsArakI sabase mahatvapUrNa jyoti hai| vivaraNa- cakSuke binA yaha jagat jyotihIna hojAtA hai / cakSuke samAna koI jyoti nahIM hai / vastudarzanameM cakSu jaisI mahatvayukta dUsarI koI jyoti nahIM hai| cakSu hI samasta jyotiyoM kA upayoga karanevAlI jyoti hai| usake binA samasta jyoti anupayogI hojAtI haiM / cakSuke binA anantakoTi sarya bhI manuSyako eka tinakA taka nahIM dikhA skte| usake binA unakA mUlya khadyotake barAbara bhI nahIM rahatA / isaliye manuSya cakSurakSAmeM vizeSa dhyAna rkkheN| cakSukA viSayoM ke sAtha atiyoga, ayoga yA mithyAyoga honese usameM roga utpanna hokara usake naSTa honekA prasaMga hojAtA hai / isaliye manuSya cakSuke sadAcAra ke sAtha sAtha samasta sadAcAroMkA pAlana kareM to usase bhArogya tathA indriyavijaya donoM hI prApta hote haiN| mAtApitAke zArIrika doSa, udararoga tathA anya saMkrAmaka rogAdi doSoMse andhatA paidA hotI hai| kartAbyAkartavyakA nirNaya karanemeM paristhi Page #394 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ ghaTanAsthalake darzanakA mahatva 367. tikA pratyakSa jJAna honA anivArya rUpase Avazyaka hai / manuSya cakSuse mArga dekhakara hI sthUla dehako gantavyasthAnameM le jAtA aura bhagantavyasthAnase bacAlAtA hai| manuSya cakSuse dekhakara hI grAhyako grahaNa karatAM tathA tyAjyako tyAgatA hai| pratyakSa anubhUti hI mAnavajIvanako sumArgapara calAnekI bhavyartha kalA hai / cakSu, karNa, nAsikA, jihvA tathA svagindriyoM kI svastha kSetrakI anubhUti hI unakI jIvitAvasthA yA unakI cakSuSmatI sthiti hai| manuSya kisI bhI kanyako deza, kAla, pAtrakA pratyakSa jJAna prApta kiye binA abhrAnta rItise susampanna nahIM kara sakatA / sUtra cakSuko miSa banAkara yaha kahanA cAhatA hai ki kisI bhI vyakti ke sAtha gyavahAra yA kisI bhI karta. nyameM hastakSepa tabataka na kiyA jAya jabataka manuSya apane jJAnanetrase usa vyakti yA usa kartavyakI sabhrAntatAke saMbaMdha niHsandigdha na hojAya / kyoMki darzanazakti saMpUrNa indriyoM meM sUkSma rUpameM vidyamAna rahatI hai isI. liye isa sUtra meM cakSuko hI nimitta banAkara yaha nirdeza kiyA hai ki pratyakSa pramANake binA satyAsatyakA nirNaya nahIM hosktaa| manuSya yaha jAne ki mAnavakA jIvana eka vizAla saMgrAmabhUmi hai| manuSya apane jIvanasaMgrAmameM apane jJAnanetrako mArgadarzakake rUpameM Age karake jIvanasaMgrAmameM padArpaNa kare / cakSurhi zarIriNAM netA // 404 // jJAnanetra hI manuSyako vipathase nivRtta karanevAlA ekamAtra jyotirmaya pathadarzaka hai| vivaraNa--- cakSu hI dehadhAriyoMkA netA hai / isIse usakA nAma netra hai| sUkSma snAyuoMse pravAhita, makSigolakake bhItara kRSNatAreke agrabhAgameM rUpagrahaNa karanevAle tejavAlI indriya cakSu hai| apacakSuyaH kiM zarIreNa // 405 // netrahIna zarIrase saMsArayAtrA klezaprada hojAtI hai| vivaraNa- jaise aMdhekA deha nirupayogI ho jAtA hai isI prakAra ajJA. nAndhakA jIvana lakSyabhraSTatArUpI vinAza pAjAtA hai / netrahIna mAnava sArathihIna rathake tulya kAryakArI hojAtA hai / Page #395 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi (sArvajanika jaloMke prati kartavya ) nApsu mUtraM kuryAt // 406 // jalameM mUtra na kreN| vivaraNa- jalameM mUtratyAgase vaha duSTa, viSAkta aura agrAhya hojAtA hai| use pInese rogotpatti tathA svAsthya nAza hotA hai| jala sArvajanika saMpatti hai / kaba kise use pInA paDegA isakA koI niyama nahIM hai| pratyeka manuSyapara sArvajanika svAsthyakA jo uttaradAyitva hai usakI dRSTise use jalameM mUtratyAga na karanA caahiye| na mUvaM pathi kurvIta, na bhasmani, na gobaje, na phAlakRSTe, na jale, na cityAM, na ca parvate / na jIrNadevAyatane, na valmAke kadAcana / / (manu) mArga, bhasma, goSTha, jutIbhUmi, jala, citA, parvata, jIrNa devasthAna tathA valmIkameM kabhI mUtra na kre| isIprakAra devAlaya, pariSad, vAsagRha, tIrthasthAna, vicArasabhA, vidyAzAlA Adi sthAnoM meM bhI mUtratyAga na kre| mUtra ke liye niyata yA apekSita sthAnameM mUtratyAga kre| parantu dhyAna rahe ki mUtrake vegako dhAraNa karanA bhI rogakAraka hai| khaDA hokara jala pIne yA mutratyAga karanele bhaNDavRddhikA roga utpanna hotA hai / peya tathA snAtavya jalako dUSita karane kI pravRtti apane jIvanakI nirmalatA tyAgakara use malina banA lenekI kupravattikA dyotaka hai| bAhya svacchatAkA amAva mAnasika malinatAkA dyotaka hotA hai| mAnasika malinatA dUra karanepara bAhya svacchatAkI rakSA karanA svabhAva banajAtA hai / bAhya asvacchatA sAkSI detI hai ki isa asvaccha vyAkakI malinatA isake mana meM samA cukI hai| bAhya sadAcArIkI loka dRSTi se bacakara pApa karanekI pravRti bhI manakI malinatA hI hai / manakI zaddhatAkA pracAra hI sUtrakA uddezya hai / samAjake jobanAdhAra jalA. zayako malamUtra, TIvana, gaNDUSa Adise kaluSita karane kI vivekahInatA avasara milanepara samAjako bhI kaluSita kiye binA nahIM maantii| Page #396 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zAna dehotpAdaka samAjake anusAra (namatA asAmAjika sthiti) na nano jalaM pravizet / / 407 / / nagna hokara jalameM na ghuse| vivaraNa- nagnatA dRSTi kAluSyakArI pravRtti hai| nagna hokara jalameM ghusane tathA jala se nikala kara vastra dhAraNa karanetaka rahanevAlI nagnatA ziSTAcAra virudva hai| nagna hokara jalapravezase sukomala mUtrasthAna para jala jIvoM ke daMzanakI sambhAvanA bhI rahatI hai tathA isa prakArakA vyavahAra, nirlajatA tathA ziSTAcArakA parityAga bhI hai| yaha pravRtti sAmAjika sad. guNoMkI vinAzaka hone se tyAjya hai / jalapraveza hI nahIM, manuSyako mArgagamana, bhojana, zayana, Adi kisI bhI avasthAmeM nagna nahIM rahanA caahiye| nagnatA sAmAjika surucipara pAzavika atyAcAra hai / nagna vicaraNakA kevala pazuko prakRtidatta adhikAra hai / manuSyakI la jArUpI devIsaMpata ne nagna rahanA manuSyake liye niSiddha banA DAlA hai| isa sUtra meM usI niSedhako puSTa karane ke liye nagnatAke virodhameM yaha sAvadhAnavANI ghoSita kI hai ki samAjakI dRSTi meM nagna honekI bAta to alaga rahI lokacakSuke bAhara jala meM bhI nagna honA nindanIya hai / nagnatA samAjadveSI pazusulabha barbaratA hai| pAThAntara-na nagnaH pravizejalam / ( jJAna dehotpAdaka samAjake anusAra ) yathA zarIraM tathA jJAnam // 408 // jaisA zarIra vaisA hI jJAna hotA hai| vivaraNa- manuSya kA jJAna usake zarIrako janma denevAle samAja jaisA hI hotA hai / bhAiye, jJAnake zarIrake anurUpa honeke arthapara vicAra kreN| mAnavadeha to manuSyamAtrane dhAraNa kara rakhA hai parantu isa mAnavadehameM manuSyatAko prasphuTita karanevAlA jJAnodaya ho yahI isakI svAbhAvika sthiti hai / parantu durbhAgyase pratyeka mAnavadehadhArI jJAnI nahIM hotaa| yaha 24 (cANakya.) Page #397 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 370 cANakyasUtrANi eka gaMbhIra prazna hai ki manuSya mAnavatAke samAna adhikArI mAnavadehako dhAraNa karake bhI paraspara vadhyaghAtaka mAnasika sthitiyoM ko kyoM apanAletA hai ? isa sUtrameMse isI praznake uttarakA uddhAra karanekI AvazyakatA hai| yadi isa sUtrase isa praznaka saduttarakA uddhAra nahIM kiyA jAyagA to yaha sUtra nirarthaka ho jaaygaa| __ mAnavadeha isa martya bhUmipara utarakara pAlAposA jAtA hai / usa pAlana. poSaNake DhaMgameM hI usake zarIrakI bhinnatAkI kalpanA kI gaI hai / bAta yaha hai ki zarIra zabdake bhItara deha aura buddhi donoM hI sammilita haiM / isaliye sammilita haiM ki dehakA paricAlana karanevAlI buddhi bhI manuSyakA deha jaisA ho sAthI hotA hai / manuSyadeha jisa vAtAvaraNamai, jisa samAjameM, jina upakaraNoMke sAtha bhUmiSTha hokara zaizava, bAlya, yauvana Adi avasthAyeM pAkara pUrA dehadhArI banatA hai, usameM una upakaraNoM, na vAtAvaraNoM tathA una samAjoM kA pUrNa pratibimba vidyamAna rahatA hai| isa dRSTi se manuSya kA deha apane janmadAtA mAtA-pitAke tathA saMpUrNa samAjake prabhAvase prabhAvita rahakara jisa rItise nirmita aura pAlita hotA hai usakA jJAna anivArya rUpase usIke anurUpa yA to manuSyocita yA manuSyatAdhAtI hotA hai| __ athavA-zarIra svastha, zuddha-vaMzaja ho to jJAna viSada, prakhara tathA kAryakArI hogaa| zarIra rogo, kSINa yA azuddha-vaMzaja hogA to jJAna niSprabha, aspaSTa akAryakArI hogaa|shriirkii nirogatA tathA zarIrako janma denevAle samAjakI zuddhatArUpI tapasyAse jJAnakA vikAsa hotA hai| jJAna mAdhyAtmika tathA bhautika bhedase sthUlataH dvividha hai parantu samAjavijJAna, zarIra-vijJAna, padArtha-vijJAna, zilpakalA-vijJAnAdi bhautika jJAna aneka prakArakA hai| jisa samAjameM jJAnake saMgrahako jaisI pravRtti hotI hai usa samAjameM AnevAle bAlaka usI prakArakA jJAna sIkha jAte haiM / gavAzanAnAM sa zRNoti vAkyamahaM hi rAjaMzcaritaM munInAm / na tasya doSo na ca madguNoM vA saMsargajA dASaguNA bhavanti / / Page #398 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vaibhava buddhipara nirbhara 371 munipAlita zuka kahatA hai- vaha gobhakSakoM kI azlIla gAliyAM suna kara gAlI detA aura maiM municaritra suna sunakara suvAkya bolatA hUM / rAjan ! isameM na usa gAlI denevAle totekA kucha doSa hai aura na merA koI guNa hai| doSaguNa saMsargase hote haiN| jo loga santAnako susabhya, sadAcArI, vidvAn , kAryakuzala banAnA cAhe ve unake liye sadAcArI vidvAnoM ke vAtAvaraNakA pravandha kreN| (vaibhavakI bhalAI burAI buddhipara nirbhara ) yathA buddhistathA vibhavaH // 409 // jisakI jaisI buddhi hotI hai usakA vaisA vaibhava hotA hai| vivaraNa- jisakI jaisI pApapuNyapriyA buddhi hotI hai usakA upArjita yA prApta vibhava bhI use vaisA hI patita yA puNyAtmA banAye rakhane. vAlA hojAtA hai / subuddhise upArjita dhana puNyArjita hotA aura puNya karmameM hI niyukta hotA hai| jaise manuSyakA upArjita dhana usakA vaibhava mAnA jAtA hai isI prakAra usake sadupayoga, durupayogake santoSa aura pazcAtApa bhI to usake vaibhavameM hI sammilita haiM / garhita upAyoMse upArjita dhana durupa. yogakA pazcAtApa utpanna karanevAlA hotA hai| sadupAyase upArjita dhana anivAryarUpase sadupayukta hokara use akSaya santoSarUpI vaibhavase sampanna banAye rakhatA hai / jisa manuSyakA dhana samAja kalyANameM sadupayukta hokara manaSya. samAjako manuSyatArUpI akSaya devI sampattise sampanna banAye rakhane ke kAma AtA hai saMpUrNa rASTra hI usa udAra mAnavakA vaibhava bana jAtA hai / aisA manuSya apane sadupArjita dhanako samAjasevAmeM samarpita karake jala barasAkara rIte laghu meghoM ke samAna riktahasta banakara samasta rASTrakI manuSyatAke gauravase paripUrNa hojAtA hai / isa prakArako gauravapUrNa sthiti hI manuSyako usakI subuddhise prAsa honevAlA vaibhava hai| kubuddhise upArjita dhana pApArjita hotA hai aura usakA pApakoMmeM niyukta honA anivArya hojAtA hai / aisI ava. sthAmeM pApabuddhise dhanopArjana karanevAle logoM ke dhana kisI bhI acche kAmameM Page #399 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi nahIM Ate | yaha manuSyakA kitanA adhaHpatana hai ki usakA dhana kisI bhI acche kAmameM na Aye aura vaha nikRSTatama upAyoMse upArjana karatA calA jaay| anubhavI vRddha ThIka hI kaha gaye haiM-- " dharmAcAravihInAnAM draviNaM malasaMcayaH " dharmAcAraviddIna logoMkA dravyasaMcaya malakA ghRNya dera hai / 372 athavA- manda yA prakhara jaisI bhI buddhi hotI hai saMpatti bhI usI parimANase alpa yA adhika prApta hojAtI hai / - buddhimAn loga apane buddhibalase adhika dhana upArjana kara lete haiM / matihIna loga apane pitRpaitAmaddIna saMcita dhanako bhI khodete haiM yA thoDAsA upArjana kara pAte haiM / joharI dinameM lAkhoM upArjana kara letA hai jaba ki kASThavikretA peTa bharane yogya dhana bhI kaThinatAse pAtA hai / zikSA, sauzIlya tathA vizeSajJoMke satsaMgase buddhi prakhara hotI hai / buddhi kI prakharatAse dhana, mAnaM Adi apekSita vaibhava pAnA sukara hojAtA hai| buddhiddIna loga isa lAbha se vaMcita rahate haiM / buddhireva jayatyekA puMsaH sarvArthasAdhanI / yadvalAdeva kiM kiM na cakre cANakyabhUsuraH // manuSya ke samasta prayojana siddha kara denevAlI buddhi hI saMsArakA sarvazreSTha vaha sAdhana hai jisake balase vipra cANakyane kyA kyA nahIM kara dikhAyA ? usane buddhibala se bhAratako akhaNDa rASTrakA rUpa diyA, rASTrako caritravAn banAyA tathA use candragupta jaisA zaktizAlI samrAT diyA / ye yAtAH kimapi pradhArya manasi pUrva gatA eva te / ye tiSThanti bhavantu te'pi gamane kAmaM prakAmodyamAH // ekA kevalamarthasAdhanavidyau senAzatebhyo'dhikA / nandonmUlanadRSTravIryamahimA buddhistu mA gAnmama // cANakyakA nija subuddhi viSayaka AtmavizvAsa satata smaraNIya hai ki " jo loga manameM kucha socakara gaye haiM ve to cale hI gaye / jo loga haiM Page #400 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samAjake mUlyavAna dhana 373 unake manameM Aye to ve bhI bhale hI cale jAne ke saMbhAra kara leM / nandoMke unmUlanameM apanI zaktimahimA dikhA cukanevAlI kAmasiddha karane meM saikar3oM senAoMse adhika kAma kara dikhAnevAlI merI kevala eka buddhi mere pAsase na calI jaay|" (krodha ke uttara meM krodha mata karo ) anAvaniM na nikSipet // 410 // AgameM Aga na DAle, krodhake uttarameM krodha na kre| vivaraNa- manuSya krodhAviSTa ke krodhako atyanta uttejita karanevAlI aisI koI bAta yA kAma na kare ki svayaM azAnta hojAya aura dUsarA prANa taka lene ko udyata hojaay| kodhIkI krodhAgnimeM koI dhana nahIM denA caahie| isIse kahA hai- "akrodhena jeyata krodhama "kisIke krodha. para vijaya pAnA ho arthAt vyartha karanA ho to apanI zAntiko sura. kSita rakhakara uttara do| kodhakA uttara kodhase na denekA artha yaha hai ki krodha ke pratyuttarameM krodha na kara ke upAyAntarale pratikAra kare / krodha karanA svayaM azAnta honA aura zatru kodhako atyanta bhaDakanekA avasara denA hai| isaliye jaba kabhI krodhI ko pratyuttara dene kA avasara Aye taba svayaM saMyata, akrodhI bane rahakara hI vijayI bane rahanA saMbhava hai| yadi manuSya isa samaya krodhoko sthiti lelegA to usakA parAbhUta honA anivArya hojaaygaa| AgameM Aga na DAlakara usapara to use bujhAnevAlA pAnI DAlanA caahiye| uttejanAke avasara para uttejaka bAteM na kahakara yA uttejaka kAma na karake amRtavarSI zItala bAta kahane yA vivekapUrva ke bartAva karanese hI zAnti. rakSA saMbhava hai| ( jitendriya samAjake mUlyavAn dhana ) tapasvinaH pUjanIyAH // 411 // samAjake mArgadarzaka jitendriya loga samasta samAjake pUjanIya hote haiN| Page #401 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 374 cANakyasUtrANi vivaraNa- ve saMsAra meM apane saMyata caritrase samAjako kalyANa tathA zAntikA mArga dikhAnevAle mArgadIpa ke rUpa meM avatIrNa hote haiN| deza meM jitendriya logoMke udAharaNoMkA bAhulya honese deza kSobha, uttejanA aura ducintAse hIna hokara zAntipUrNa bana jAtA hai / samAjakA yathArtha hita isI meM hai ki tapasvI logoMka udAharaNa usake bAlanArAyaNako adhika. tAse dIkheM, jisase unakI buddhiyeM jitendriyatA kI ora pravRtta hojAye tathA bure udAharaNa unake sAmane AyeM bhI to ve apamAnita, anutsAhita aura tiraskRta rUpa lekara AyeM / ( paradArAbhigAmI samAjakI zAntikA zatru ) paradArAn na gacchet // 412 // para patniyoMse saMparka sthApita karane kI bAta manase bhI na soce / vivaraNa - aisA karanA agnimeM anikSepa jaisA bhayaMkara uttejanA paidA karanevAlA mahAaniSTa vyApAra hai / isa prakArakI duSTa pravRttiyoMpara kaThora saMyama rakhane meM hI mAnavakI tathA usake sAmAjika jIvanakI zAnti saMbhava hai / jIvana meM isa prakAra ke prajJAparAdhoMko kAryakArI bana jAne denese indriyacAMcalya, mAnasika zaktikA hAsa hokara mAnavocita samasta guNakA nizcita vinAza hojAtA hai aura mAnava apanI ArAdhya zAntike maddAn Adarzase cyuta hokara apane jIvanako naraka banA letA aura apanA sAmAjika mUlya phUTI kauDIkA bhI nahIM chor3atA / pAThAntara - paradArAn manasApi na gacchet / parapatniyoM se saMparka sthApita karanekI bAta manase bhI na soce / ( annadAnakA mAhAtmya ) annadAnaM bhrUNahatyAmapi pramArSTi // 413 // annadAna bhrUNa hatyAkA bhI parimArjana kara detA hai / Page #402 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ annadAnakA mAhAtmya vivaraNa- apane pAsa rakkhe hue alakA deva, dvija, brahmacArI, vidyArthI, dIna, aMdha, Atura, paMgu rogI, niHsahAya logoMko hI, jinheM pAlanA samAjakA pavitra kartavya hai, yathArtha svAmI mAnakara premapUrvaka kartavyabuddhi se diyA annadAna bhayaMkara pApakA bhI parimArjana kara detA hai arthAt dAtAko puNyAtmA bana cukane kA AtmaprasAda detA hai / 375 sacce dAnase manuSya kI pApa karanekI pravRttiye hI mara jAtI haiN| anahaMkRta dAna hI dAna hai / ahaMkArapUrvaka diyA dAna dAna na hokara eka prakArakA vyApAra yA kusIdapara dhana lagAnA hai / jisa manuSyake hRdaya meM samAjakI durbhikSa pIDAke samaya samAjakA anakaSTa dUra karanekI udAra bhAvanA samAjanArAyaNakI ananyabhaktikA rUpa lekara udita hojAtI hai, usa manuSya ke hRdayakI pApapravRtti naSTa hocukI hotI hai| cAhe vaha apane atIta meM bhrUNahatyA jaise pApa hI kyoM na karacukA ho| aisA manuSya bhUtakAlameM pApI rahA honepara bhI gItA" kSipraM bhavati dharmAtmA zazvacchAnti nigacchati' zabdoM meM zIghra dharmAtmA ho jAtA tathA nirantara zAnti pAjAtA hai / jaba koI dAtA apane hRdaya kI dAnapravRttiko samAjasevA meM niyukta kara detA hai taba usake hRdaya meM premakI amara gaMgA kI dhArA pravAhita hone lagatI hai| aise manuSya ke hRdaya meM se pApapravRtti sadAke liye lupta hojAtI hai / pAThaka dhyAna deM ki isa sUtra meM bhrUNahatyA ke aparAdhako halkA karane ke liye dAna dene ko nahIM kahA gayA haiM / isameM to dAnakI mahimA gAkara hRdayase pApapravRttiko sadA ke liye nirvAsita karanekA avyartha upAya batAyA gayA hai / isa sUtra meM samAjasevA ke liye apanI dhanasaMpattiparase apanA vyaktigata adhikAra haTAkara usapara apane upajIvya samAjakA adhikAra svIkAra kara lene ko hI apane hRdayako puNyakI pavitratAse amRtamaya banA DAlanekA rahasya batAyA gayA hai / pAThAntara yathAcaritamannadAnaM 1 vidhividditIta kiyA annadAna zeSa artha samAna hai / Page #403 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 376 cANakyasUtrANi (dharmakA mUlAdhAra ) na bedabAhyo dharmaH // 414 // dharma vedase bAhara nahIM hotaa| yaH kazcit kasyaciddharmo manunA saMprakIrtitaH / sa sarvo'bhihito vede sarvajJAnamayo hisaH // manune jisakA jo dharma batAyA hai vaha saba vedameM varNita hai / veda samasta jJAnakA bhAgara hai| vedaviruddha calanese dharma nahIM hotaa| vedazAsanake adhIna rahanA hI mAnavadharma hai / AtmajJAna mAnava hRdaya meM svabhAvase vidyamAna hai| mAnavahRdaya meM svabhAvase vidyamAn AtmajJAna hI RSipracArita veda hai| bhrama, pramAda, vipralipsAse hIna RgAdigrantha veda kahAte haiN| mAtmAkA advaita astitva svIkAra na karanevAle dharma vedabAhya dharma kahAte haiN| vedavAhya dharmoM arthAt bhrama, pramAda, vipralipalAse abhibhUta logoMke race hue granthoM yA upadezoMse prati. pAdita dhokA AcaraNa karane se manuSya kA akalyANa hotA hai| maiM kauna hUM? saMsAra kyA hai ? mere dUsaroM ke tathA isa saMsArake paraspara kyA saMbandha haiM ? ina atIndriya tatvoMpara anubhavapUrNa prakAza DAlane vAle grantha veda kahAte haiN| apanI indriyazaniyArara vijaya pAkara zakike yathArtha svAmAMkI vijayamayI sthiti lekara rahanA manupyakA jIvita veda hai| manuSyako kalyA. NakA mArga dikhAnevAlI usakI sadasadvicArabudvi yA usakA indriyavijaya hI veda hai| " sakalaM hi zAstramindriyajayaH / " indriyavijaya hI vedavedAntoMkA sAra sarvasva hai / tatvajJAnakI jo antima sAdhanA hai vahI to indriyavijaya hai| sasasyako to tyAga denA aura satyako apanAye rahanA hI dharma hai / dharma manuSya kI vaha bhAvanA hai jo lokakI maryAdA banAye rakhatI arthAt usake aihika tathA mAnasika donoM prakAra ke utthAnakA kAraNa banatI hai| hebtw Page #404 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dharmadroha akartavya kadAcidapi ( kathaMcidapi ) dharma niSavet // 415 // manuSya kabhI (kisI prakAra ) to dharmAnuSThAna kare / vivaraNa- dharmAnuSTAna hI manuSya-jIvanakA dhyeya hai / kSaNabhara ke lie bhI dharmacyuta na hone kA siddhAnta pracAra hI karane yogya hai / yaha pATha ucita pratIta nahIM hotaa| (dharmadroha akartavya) ( adhika sUtra ) na kadAcidapi dharma niSedhayet / dharmakA virodha kabhI na kare aura na karAye / vivaraNa- AtmakalyANameM manaSyamAtrakA kalyANa tathA manuSyamAtrake kalyANameM AtmakalyANa dekhane vAlI baddhi ho veda pratipAdita mAnavadharma hai / krodha, lobha yA dveSase dhamake prati anAdarako manthanakArI uttejanA AjAne para bhI mana, vANI tathA kAyA tInoM meM dhIraja kiye tathA dharmaviruddha mAca. raNako na to svayaM parAye aura na dasagako dharmaniSedhakI preraNA de| __ manuSya dharmavirodhI mAcaraNa ko apanAne tathA dUsaroM ko dharmacyuta hone kI preraNA dene se nIca avizvAsya tathA apayazakA bhAgI ho jAtA hai| dhArmika loga AtmasantuSTa, parahita-nirata, mAnanIya tathA prazaMpita rahate haiN| na jAtu kAmAna bhayAnna lobhAda dharma tyajejIvitasyApi hetoH / kalyANakAmI mAnava apane dharma ko kAma, bhaya yA lobhakA prabalatama prabhAva paDanepara bhI jIvita takake liye bhI na tyaage| manuSya dharmarakSAke liye mRtyu takase na Dare / manuSyako bArabAra nahIM maranA hai / use eka vAra to maranA hI pddegaa| satyarakSAke nAmapara maranA to saubhAgyazAlI mRtyu hai| dharmahIna loga svArthAndhatAse pazuoM ke samAna kAma, lobha, krodhaparAyaNa hokara dUsaroMpara nirdaya AkramaNa karate bhaura karAte haiN| dharmahIna loga jIvana meM ananta vAra jJAnakI mauta marate rahate haiN| aise loga saMsArameM UMcese UMcA aizvarya pAkara bhI sadA hI nIca koTi ke avizvAsya mAnava mAne jAte haiM / Page #405 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi ( svargakA sAdhana ) svarga nayati sUnatam / / 416 // satya manuSyako svargastha banAtA arthAt use akhaNDa sukhamayI sthitima ArUDha kara detA hai / vivaraNa.- manuSyamAtrake kalyANameM AtmakalyANabaddhi hI satya hai| manuSyakA yathArthajJAna tathA tadanukUla prAmANika mAcaraNa usake jIvanako tathA usake samAjako pratyakSa svarga banA detA hai / duHkhAtIta sthiti hI svarga hai| kAmanAtIta sthiti hI satya hai| satyako apanAnA nikAmatArUpI akSaya svarga pA lenA hai| satya kA artha pratyakSa ( nakada ) bhautika hAni uThAnA aura uThAkara bhI AtmaprasAda denevAle siddhAntako na choDanA hai| asatyakA artha pratyakSa ( nakada ) bhautika lAbha uThAneke lobhameM Akara siddhAntakA sira kucalanA hai / satya se manakA utkarSa parantu bhautika hAni anivArya rUpase hotI hai / kyoMki siddhAMtahIna lAbhoMko ghRNya jAnakara tyAganA hI satya hai / sasa. syase manakA to nizcita rUpa meM patana hotA, paranta bhautika lAbha hotA hai / saMsArakA bhogavAdI bahumata satyase bhautika hAni tathA asatya ( siddhAnta. hInatA ) se bhautika lAbha dekhakara svargako TakarAkara narakanivAsako sapanA letA hai / satyako apanAnevAle ko saMsArameM dhakke, bhukke, apamAna, vinAza aura upekSA niyamase bhoganI paDatI hai| usakA mAnasika svarga hI usake atyAcArita pIDita hRdayako thAme rakhanevAlA akelA pRSThapoSaka jIvanasaMgo hotA hai| vahI unase saMsArakI bRhattama vipattiyoMmeM DhADhasa baMdhAneke liye sasakI pITha para anumodanakA hAtha lagAtA rahatA hai| satya manuSyako aura kucha to cAhe de yA na de vaha use svarga to nizcitarUpameM detA hai| vaha use duHkhAtIta sAmrAjyakA anibhiSikta bhUpati to banA hI detA hai| satya manuSyako martyalokakA kIDAmakauDA na rahane dekara use svargakI digya vibhUti banA detA hai / bho sacce mAnava ! batA tU satyase isase adhika aura kyA cAhatA hai ? Page #406 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sarvazreSTha tapasyA 379 satyameva jayate nAnRtaM satyena panthA vitato devayAnaH / yenAkamantyaSayo hyAptakAmA yatra tat satyasya paramaM nidhAnam // ( saMsArameM sarvatra satya ko dhakke laganepara bhI saccoMke hRdayoM meM ) satyakI hI vijaya hotI hai / anRtako ( sacce logoMke hRdayoMmeM ) kabhI bhI vijaya prApta nahIM hotI / ( anRta cAhe sAre saMsArapara rAjya karane lage parantu use saccoMke hRdayameM niyamase parAjita, apamAnita, dhikRta aura asvIkRta hokara rahanA par3atA hai| ) devatAmoMkA mArga satya se purA par3A hai| mApta kAma aSiloga usI satya ke mArgase daivatvako prApta hue haiM / AptakAma loga jipsa pavitra mAnasika sthiti meM rahate haiM yA raha rahe haiM vahI satyakA sanAtana nivAsasthAna hai| (sarvazreSTha tapasyA ) nAsti satyAtparaM tapaH // 417 // saMsArakA koI bhI tapa satyasa zreSTha nahIM hai| vivaraNa- manuSyasamAja sArvajanika kalyANa meM sAmakalyANabuddhi dI satya hai / kAmanAtIta sthiti I patya hai| kAmAmatA manuSyako mApAta. madhura hAnikAraka, manuSyatAvinAzaka, patanakAriNI AmurI pravRtti hai / parantu kAmanAka vinA manuSyocita jIvanayApAra bhI nahIM cltaa| manu. jyako kAmanAoM ke sadasyogakI kalA sIkhanI cAhiye / manuSya kAmanAtota banane meM hI kAmanAoM kA sadupayoga kara sakatA hai| kAmanAoM kA sadupa. yoga hI kAmanAtIta sthiti pA lenA bana jAtA hai / manuSya nikAmasthiti pAnA apanA lakSya banA lene para jo kucha karatA hai saba phalAkAMkSArahita samAjakalyANarUpI kartavyapAlana kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki manuSya isa saMsArameM kucha lene yA kucha padArthoM kA asthAI svAmitva pAne nahIM aayaa| vaha to isa sInirmANa kA rahasya samajhane apane tathA sRSTiviSayaka mithyA kalpanAoM kA vinAza karake jJAnamaya lokakA niSThA. vAn sadasya, athavA apane hRdayasiMhAsanakA satyarUpasamrATa banane ke liye Page #407 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi saMsAra meM AyA hai / niSkAma satyaniSTha vyaktikA satyaniSTha jIvana kartavyamaya taponiSThA meM pariNata hojAtA hai / satya ke paristhiti bhedase samatA, dama, amAtsarya, kSamA, lajjA, titikSA, anasUyA, tyAga, dhyAna, AryatA, dhRti, dayA tathA ahiMsA ye teraha rUpa haiM / 380 satyaM ca samatA caiva damazcaiva na saMzayaH amAtsarya kSamA caiva hIstitikSA'nasUyatA / tyAgo dhyAnamathAryatvaM dhRtizca satataM dayA ahiMsA caiva rAjendra satyAkArAstrayodaza // ( svargakA sAdhana ) satyaM svargasya sAdhanam // 418 // satyaniSThArUpI svargakA sAdhana bhI to svayaM satya hI hai| vivaraNa- mAnavahRdayavAsI satvakA ekamAtra kAma yaha hai ki vaha svArthI pravRttiyakA parimArjana karake vyavahArako paramArtha banA DAle | satya svArtha bharI pravRttiyoM kA parimArjana karake manuSyako svargastha devatA banA detA hai / manuSya yaha jAne ki satya svayaM hI apanA sAdhana hai aura svayaM hI apanA sAdhya hai | satyaniSTha manuSya mayase dUsare kisI bhI sAdhanako nahIM apanAtA / satya svAtirikta avalambana nahIM cAhatA / satyako apanAne ke liye satyAtirikta sAdhanoMko apanAnA satyako tyAgakara asatyako apanAnA hotA hai | manuSya sAvadhAna rahe aura satyake sAdhanoM ke dhokhe meM satyako dI tilAMjali na de baitthe| jaise puNyapApakAriyoM ke antarAtmAkA AdhA bhAga nyAyAdhIza tathA bAdhA daNDanIya aparAdhI yA sAdhuvAdakA adhikArI bana jAtA hai, isI prakAra pratyeka manuSyakA AdhA bhAga to usIke prApya satyanArAyaNake siMhAsanapara jA baiThatA hai, tathA usIkA AdhA bhAga usakA ArAdhaka bana jAtA hai | hama saba sRSTimeM spaSTa anubhava kara rahe haiM ki pratyeka mAnava ke bhItara satya hI Page #408 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ devoMkI kRpA barasAnevAlA tatva 381 ajJAtakAla se satyako pAnekA akhaNDa udyoga karatA calA mArahA hai / yahI isa anAdi, ananta saMsArakrIDAkA parama rahasya hai / yahI satyanArAyaNakI advaitalIlA kahAtI hai| ( samAjavyavasthA rakhanevAlA tatva ) satyena dhAryate lokaH // 419 // mAnavasamAja satyase hI suvyavasthita rahatA hai / vivaraNa- samAjake sArvajanika kalyANameM bhAtmakalyANabuddhi hI satya hai / satya hI mAnavasamAjako dhAraNa karanevAlA Azraya yA samAjabandhana hai| satyahIna samAja samAjabandhanahIna chinna bhinna svecchAcAriyoM kA ucchaMkhala jhuMDa hai / asatyAcaraNase isa saMsArameM avyavasthA phailatI hai jo isakA sarvanAza kara DAlatI hai| ( devoM kI kRpA barasAnevAlA tatva ) satyAd devo varSati // 420 / / satyase mAnavasamAjake Upara devoMkI kRpA barasane lagatI hai| satyAdhIna samAjameM daivIzakti satyakI varSA karatI hai| satyahIna samAjama AsurIzakti prabala bana jAtI hai| vivaraNa- samAjameM satyAcaraNake vRddhiMgata honepara mAnavasamAjakA madhichAtR devatA apanI kRpAvRSTi karane lagatA hai| AtmakalyANako samAjakalyANameM vilIna kara DAlanevAlI mAnavIya baddhi hI satya hai| yaha baddhi vaha satya hai jo devoMko kRpA barasAneke liye vivaza kara DAlatA hai / isa satyake mUrtimAn avatAra, jJAnavRddha, samAjasaMrakSaka, muni, RSi loga hI kRpA barasAnevAle devatA haiN| jaise AkAzacArI megha mAtapaklAnta vasundharAko amRtamaya jaloMse sIMcakara harAbharA banAye rahate haiM isI prakAra ye jJAnavRddha, samAjasaMrakSaka, RSimuni loga prAgaitihAsika kAla se satyasukhecchu mAnava hRdayake Upara zAntidhArAkI amara varSA karate cale Arahe haiN| Page #409 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 382 cANakyasUtrANi isake viparIta prAkRtika vidhAnase ativRSTi, anAvRSTi, ulkApAta, zalabha, durmikSa, mahAmArI Adi saMkaTa kAla mA khaDA honepara bhI yadi samAja meM samAjakalyANabaddhi jAga rahI ho aura usase samAjabandhana sudRDha raharahA ho to ina sArvajanika bAkasmika vipattiyoM ko vyarya karanekI zakti samAjake sahodyogase utpanna hosakatI hai| samAjameM Akasmika vipattiyoM ko sAmAjika sahodyogase vyartha karane kI zaktike utpanna hojAnepara vaha zakti sArvajanika kalyANameM upayukta hone lagatI aura samagra samAjapara sukhazAMti barasAne lagatI hai / samAjameM sasyakA abhAva hojAne arthAt sampUrNa samAjake satyahIna hojAnepara samAjameM annakaSTa, mahAmArI, rASTraviplava, bAhya bhAkramaNa AdikA prakopa saMhArakI mUrti dhAraNa kara letA hai / samAjake satya hIna hojAnepara ina UparavAle prakopoMke na honepara bhI jaba samAja meM samAjaghAtI AsurI zaktikA prakopa hojAtA hai taba vaha prakRtiko samikSa karanevAlI amatavarSAko bhI vyartha banAkara apane viSAkta manase samAjako vinaSTa kara DAlatA hai| satya hI samAjako dhAraNa karanevAlA ekamAtra AdhAra hai / satyahInatA mApAtataH cAhe jitanI madhura phalavarSiNI laganepara bhI bhAsurikatAkI hI saMhAralIlA hai| athavA- mAnavasamAjameM satyakI pratiSThA rahanepara hI deza meM apekSita ucita vRSTi hotI hai / dezameM suvyavasthiti zAntivRSTi cAhanevAle loga dezavAsiyoMke caritra meM satyakI rakSA hote rahanekA pUrNa pravandha kareM / dezake caritrameM satyakA droha bhI hotA rahe aura vahAM saba prakArakI zAnti bhI banI rahe yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki manuSya isa bAtako jAne yA na jAne aura mAne yA na mAne vaha svayaM hI isa sRSTikA vidhAtA hai / isaliye usake caritrakA saSTiprabandhapara prabhAva par3anA anivArya hai| jaise gRhavyavasthApara kauTambika logoMke pArasparika manomAlinya aura masahayogakA duSprabhAva paDe vinA nahIM rahatA, isI prakAra saMsArake logoM ke duzcaritrakA sAMsArika Page #410 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ devoMkI kRpA barasAnevAlA tatva samasta vyavasthApara prabhAva paDanA anivArya hai / manuSyoM meM se sArvajanika kalyANabuddhi ke antarddita hojAnepara manuSyoM kI durbhAvanAyeM dhvanikSepaka yantroM se prasArita dhvaniyoMke samAna isa samasta vizva tathA isakI samasta zaktiyoM para apanA duSprabhAva DAle binA nahIM mAnatIM aura vasundharAke prAkRtika varSA susiMcita honepara bhI unakA phala janatAkI rakSAke upayoga meM na Akara samAjakI zAntike zatru AsurI zaktike adhikAra meM pahuMcakara manuSyasamAjameM aisA hI hAhAkAra macavA detA hai jaisA ki ativRSTi Adile hotA hai / yahI isa sUtrakA mahatvapUrNa abhiprAya hai / 383 athavA- kucha loga isa sUtra kA satyAnuSThAnase jalavRSTi hotI hai yaha artha karate haiM / yahI vicAra carakAcAryane nimna zabdoMmeM prakaTa kiyA hai / vimAnasthAna 3, adhyAya 20, 21 vAkyasamUha atha khalu bhagavan kuto mUlameSAM vAyvAdInAM vaiguNyamutpadyate ? yenopapannA janapadamuddhavaMsayantIti // 20 // Mon tamuvAca bhagavAnAtreyaH 1 sarveSAmapyagniveza ! vAyvAdInAM yadvaiguNyamutpadyate tasya mUlamadharmaH tanmUlaM vA'satkarma pUrvakRtam / tayoryoniH prajJAparAdha eva / tadyathAyadA dezanagaranigama - janapadapradhAnA dharmamutkramyAdharmeNa prajAM vartayanti tadAzritopAzritAH paurajanapadA vyavahAropajIvinazca tamadharmamabhivardhayanti / tataH so'dharmaH prasamaM dharmamantardhase / teSAM tathAntarhitadharmaNAmadharmapradhAnAnAmapakrAntadevatAnAmRtavo vyApadyante / 3 tena nApo yathAkAlaM devo varSati, navA varSati, vikRtaM vA varSati, vAtA na samyagabhivAnti, kSiti vyapadyate salilAnyupazuSyanti, bhoSadhayaH svabhAvaM prarihAyApadyante vikRtim / tata uddhvaMsante janapadAH spazryAbhyavahAryadoSAt // 21 // bhagavan, kRpayA batAiye ki vAyu, vRSTi Adi kyoM aise viguNa hojAte haiM ki dezakA dhvaMsa kara DAlate hai ? Page #411 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi bhagavAn mAyane uttara diyA- agniveza ! manuSyasamAja hI hatadhvaMsakA aparAdhI hai| vAyu AdimeM jo vaiguNya paidA hotA hai usakA mUla adharma hai| madharmakA mUla logoMkI masad bhAvanAyeM haiM / donoMkA mUla prajJAparAdha yA rASTrameM nItihInatAkA prasAra hojAnA hai| kaise so suniye- jaba deza, nagara, grAma tathA prAntoMke pradhAnapuruSa arthAt rAjyAdhikArI loga dharmakA mArga tyAgakara prajAke sAtha adharmayukta vyavahAra karate haiM taba unake Azrita, sapAzrita loga tathA kisAna, zilpI, vyApArI Adi vyavahAropajIvI loga pApoMko aura adhika baDhAvA de dete haiN| taba va adharma dharmako Dhaka letA hai| taba ve dharmako Dhakakara adharmapradhAna banakara devatAoMkA apamAna karane lagate haiN| una adhArmikoMke adharma ke prabhAvase RtueM vikRta hojAtI hai| usase deva yathAkAla jala nahIM barasAtA yA sarvathA nahIM barasAtA athavA aniyamita vRSTi karatA hai / vAyu ThIka nahIM bahate / pRthivI vandhyA hojAtI hai| jala sUkha jAte haiN| oSadhi bhaenA guNa choDakara vikRta hojAtI haiN| taba dezoMkA dhvaMsa honekI sthiti bhAkhaDI hotI haiM / (sabase bar3A pApa) nAnRtAtpAtakaM param // 421 // anRta vyavahArase baDhakara koI pApa nahIM hai| vivaraNa- satyako to tyAga denA aura mithyAcArI satyadrohI bana jAnA apanI manuSyatA tyAgakara masura bana jAnA hai jo ki saMsArakA sabase bar3A pApa hai| manuSyakA zarIra manuSya nahIM hai| usakA mana hI manuSya tAkA nivAsasthAna hai| jIvana meM manuSyatAkI rakSA na hone se manuSya manuSya. mAtAke peTase utpanna hokara bhI asura bana jAtA hai / AsurikatA mUrtimAn pApa hai / AsurikatAkI nasa nasa pApase ThasAThasa bharI huI hai / vizvAsapAtra logoMke sAtha anRta vyavahAra kara sakanevAlA kisase kaunaptA pApa nahIM kara sakatA ? Page #412 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sabase baDA pApa yo'nyathAsantamAtmAnamanyathA satsu bhASate / sa pApakRttamo loke stana AtmApahArakaH // vAcyarthA niyatAH sarve vAGmUlA vAgviniHsRtAH / tAM tu yaH stanayed vAcaM sa sarvasteyakRnnaraH // jo puruSa vizvAsapAtra bhadra puruke sAtha avizzanakA vyavahAra karatA hai, vaha pApI aura cora hai / vaha apanI garbhadhAriNI mAtA, annadAtA pitA, sneha parAyaNa mahodara, mahodarA tathA saMpUrNa kuTumbavAloMke sAtha vizvAsaghAta kara cukA hai| isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki vaha jIvanabhara sabako Thaga hI laga rahA hai ! usame saMsArameM kisIke sAtha vizvAsa ora premakA saMbandha sthApita nahIM kiyA hai| usane satyakA amRtAsvAdana nahIM kiyA hai / satyakI madhuratA usakI kalpanA meM bhI nahIM hai / vaha to pazuse mI adhama manuSyatAvidhvaMsI asura hai / ya saMsAra ke samasta vyavahAra vANI meM se utpanna hote, vANImeMse nikalate aura upIpara AdhArita rahate haiN| mAnava jIvanakI racanA meM vANIkA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / samasta vyavahAroMkI AdhArazilA vANI jaisI vaha manase nikala kara bhAI thI, vaisA use vizvAsapAtroMse na kahakara use apane svArthase badalakara curAkara dUsarI banAvaTI vANI kahanevAlA samasta coriyoMkA aparAdhI hai / 385 dhyAna rahe ki vizvAsa ke saMbandha se hona pApiyoMse prANarakSA, dhanarakSA, satyarakSA yA sajjanarakSA ke liye bAtako vikRta karake kahanA kartavya hotA hai / AtatAyIko jisa kisI upAyase dhokhA dekara AtmarakSA karanA asatyavirodharUpI anAvila satya hI mAnA jAtA hai| pApIko hamase vizvAsa pAnekA adhikAra na honese use usake pApake saMbandharme dhokhA dekara usakI pApapravRttiko vyartha karanA na kevala apApa hai, pratyuta vaha pApako vyartha karanevAlA Avazyaka dharma hai / pAThAntara nAnRtAt 25 ( cANakya . ) paraM pApam / 1 Page #413 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi ( guruoMkI bhAvanA samajhanekA prayatna karo) na mImAMsyA guravaH // 422 // gurujanAkA chidrAnveSaNa na karanA cAhiye / vivaraNa- manuSya hitAkAMkSI jJAnavRddhoMke sUkSmabuddhi se kiye gaye kAryoM kI pratikUla samAlocanA na karake unakA hRdgata abhiprAya samajhanekA prayanta kare / vaha unakI avasthAjanita abhijJatAse aparicita hone ke kAraNa unakI anadhikRta mImAMsA karake kAryameM vyAghAta na kare, apane bhaziSTAcaraNase unakI hitAkAMkSA ke pravAhako na roke aura apane ko unake netRtvake kalyANakArI prabhAvase vaMcita na kare / aisA karanese samAlocakakI satyadarzanakI ayogyatA tathA andhA durAgraha bhI prakaTa hogA aura hAni bhI hogii| ( durjanatAse baco) khalatvaM nopeyAt / / 423 / / manuSya khalatAkA Azraya na kre| vivaraNa- unnatikAmI mAnava mAsurikatAse bacakara rhe| sAdhu. janoMse pravaMcanApUrNa vyavahAra karanA hI khalatA hai / sUtra kahanA cAhatA hai ki manuSya kalaha, durjanatA yA pizunatAko na apnaave| durjanakA jIvana mAnavamAtAse utpanna hone para bhI mAnavajIvana nahIM ginA jA sktaa| durjana honA mAnavajIvanakA lakSya nahIM hai| durjana honA to mAnavajIvana kI vyarthatA hai| jisake hRdayastha mAnavIya guNoMko jIvana meM, vyavahArameM AnekA avasara hI nahIM milatA vahI durjana hai / durjana apane jIvanako mazAntikI anala meM dagdha karatA rahatA hai / durjana apane jIvanako naSTa karake hI dUsaroM ke sAtha durjanatA kara sakatA hai| paThAntara- kalahaM nopeyAt / / manuSya kisIse akAraNa kalaha na kare / Page #414 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ daridratAke kaSTa 387 ( dhUoMkI mitrahInatA ) nAsti khalasya mitram / / 424 / / dhUrtakA koI mitra nahIM hotaa| vivaraNa- sajanase durvyavahAra karanevAlA khala bandhahIna hotA hai| mitratAkA guNa sajanoM meM hI rahatA hai| durjana sajjanoMse vaira karake anivArya rUpase bandhuhIna hokara mitradveSI bana jAtA hai / satya hI mitratAkA bandhana hai jo dhUrta meM nahIM hotA / dhUrta satyahIna hotA hai / satyahInaM dhUte kisI ekakA hI nahIM manuSyamAtrakA janma-vairI hai| dhUrta loga paraspara sahAyaka vIkhanepara bhI pArasparika adha:patanameM ho eka dUsare ke sahAyaka sAthI banA karate haiM / ye loga abhyutthAnameM kabhI kisIke mitra nahIM hote / ye loga pArasparika upakArake miSa se eka dUsarekA sarvanAza dI kiyA karate haiN| isa kAraNa ina logoMko eka dUsarekA mitra na kahakara zatra hI kahanA cAhiye / dhUtoMke hRdaya mitratAkI udArasthitike liye jasarabhUmi hote haiM / na to dhUrta kisIkA mitra hotA hai aura na usakA hI koI mitra hotA hai| na durjanaH sahAyaH syAt bhujaMgaprakRtiryataH / upakAracchalenava pazcAda duHkhaM prdaasyti|| durjana dUdha pilAnevAle ko bhI DaMka mAranevAle sAMpakI prakRtikA honese kabhI kipAkA sahAyaka nahIM banatA / vaha upakArake miSase apane mitra kahalAnevAloMkI bhI hAni hI karatA hai| pAThAntara- nAsti kala hasya mitram / / zAntipiya loga kalahapriya logoM ke mitra nahIM huA karate / yaha pATha mahatvahIna honese apapATha hai| daridratA ke kaSTa ) lokayAtrA daridraM bAdhate // 425 // jIvanayAtrAkI samasyA daridrako cintita rakhatI haiN| Page #415 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi vivaraNa - apane pratyeka sadasyako sampanna banAye rakhanA tathA vilAsa, vyasana, durAcAra se mukta rakhanA samAjakA uttaradAyitva hai | samAjavyavasthA aisI honI cAhiye ki samAjakA pratyeka sadasya jIvanakI nirdoSa sukhasuvidhA pAtA rhe| samAjakI vicAradhArA aisI honI cAhiye ki samAjakA pratyeka sadasya samAjake sArvajanika kalyANako apanA kalyANa samajhakara samAjahitako avirodhI pravRtti rakhanevAlA ho / parantu yaha kitanI duHkhada sthiti hai ki vyaktigata dhanAdhyakSa arthAt amIra bananekI saMkIrNa dRSTi samA. jase sAmAjika vicAradhArAko chIna letI hai / ' amorI ' nAmaka roga ho samAjakI daridratAkA utpAdaka hai / usake pariNAmasvarUpa samAjamai bhanetikatA, svArthAndhatA, vilAsitA, vyasanAsakti, durAcAra ke kAraNa daridratA nAmako vyAdhi utpanna hojAtI hai / 388 jisa samAja ke satyaniSTha sIdhe sAdhe anutkocajIvI, anapahAraka amAyAvI, niSkapaTa loga daridvatA ke kAraNa jIvanayAtrAkI samasyA ke samA dhAna meM asamartha ho rahe hoM samajhalo ki vaha samAja apane una bhadra puruSoMse zatrutA karake anaitika, svArthI, vilAsI, vyasanAsakta, durAcArI banakara unase dhana aiMThakara yA unheM sadupAyoMse dhanasaMgraha na karane dekara unheM dari dvatAse pIDita kara rahA hai / rASTrakI saccI sevA karanevAlI rAjyasaMsthAkA nirmANa karanevAle Adarza rASTrakA yaha uttaradAyitva hai ki vaha janatAko daridratArUpI vyAdhi se mukta, parivArapAlanakI bhojanAcchAdanAdi sAmagriyoM kI orase nizcinta banAkara rakhatA huA samAjasevAkI pravRtti rakhanevAle vidvAn vivekI logoM ke karmotllAhase apane samAjako zaktimAn banAye rkheN| jahAMkI rAjyavyavasthA meM udarambhari Atmambhari saMkIrNacetA logoMkI bharamAra hotI hai vahAMkI rAjyazakti janatA ke dhana tathA prANoMke nirmama hatyAre dasyuoM, luTeroM ke hAthoM meM phaMse binA nahIM raha sakatI / daridratA miTAnekA ekamAtra upAya kSudravyaktigata svArthabhAvanAhIna, anyasanAsakta, analasa, utsAhasampanna rahakara kartavyaniSThAko apanAye rahanA hai / manuSya jIvanayAtrA ke liye vaidha Page #416 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dIradratAke kaSTa 389 upAya kare aura una satprayatnoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa yathAprApta jIvanasAdhanako paryApta mAnakara unhIMse saharSa jIvanayAtrA kare, yahI daridratA miTAnekA mAnavAdhIna ekamAtra saMbhava upAya hai| samAjakalyANameM mAsmakalyANabuddhi rUpI satyako apanAye rahakara dhanA. bhAvameM bhI satyAbhAva na hojAne denA mAnavakI duHkhAtIta sthiti yA duHkha meM bhI sukhI raha sakanekA nirAlA mArga hai / phalAkAMkSAko mukhyatA na dekara kartavyapAlanako mukhyatA denekA AtmasantoSa lete rahanA hI dAridraya bhItiko parAsta karanekI rAmabANa cikitsA hai| yadi daridra loga dhanA. bhAvase satyAbhAva na hone dene kI dRDhatA rakheM to ve apane daridra mAkiMcana jIvanameM bhI devadurlabha svAbhimAna bhoga sakate haiN| dhanagarvita dhanopAsaka loga cAhe jitane dhanI hone para bhI dhanAbhAvakA ronA royA hI karate haiN| aise logoMke pAsa dhanakI nyUnatA na rahanepara bhI inakI koTipati banane kI icchA hI inakI daridratA hai| isa prakAra ke kRpaNa loga bhI daridra koTimeM gine jAte haiM / kauDIkA kaMgAla jitanA kaMgAla hai karoDoMkA kaMgAla bhI utanA hI kaMgAla hai / kaMgalApana yA daridratA para svApaharaNa karanevAlI usa mAnasika sthiti kA hI dUsarA nAma hai jo sadA apane ko amAvagrasta sama. jhatI aura viSayakSudhAkI jvAlAse sadA hI jhulasatI rahatI hai| adhodhaH pazyataH kasya mahimA nopajAyate / uparyupari pazyantaH sarva eva daridrati // pratyeka manuSya apane se nIcI Arthika sthitivAloMkI tulanAse zrImAn kahA jAtA hai / isIke sAtha yadi manuSya apane se adhika zrImAnoMpara dRSTi DAle to pratyeka manuSya nirdhana kahA jA sakatA hai| dhanI aura nirdhanakA koI bhI aisA mApadaNDa nahIM hai jo nizcitarUpameM kisIpara lAgU hoske| yaha manuSya kI mAnasika sthitipara nirbhara karatA hai ki vaha apane dharmAnukUla upArjanase santuSTa hotA yA nahIM ? jo santuSTa hai vaha dhanI hai, jo santuSTa Page #417 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 390 cANakyasUtrANi nahIM hai vaha nirdhana hai| yahI bAta "manasi ca parituSTe ko'rthavAn ko daridraH " meM kahI hai| pAThAntara- lokayAtrA daridrAn vAdhate / (saccA vIra ) atizUro dAnazUraH // 426 // dAnameM zUratA dikhAnevAlA saccA zUra hai| vivaraNa -- apane pAsa dharohara rUpa meM rakkhI vastu ko usakA satyarUpI vAstavika adhikArI pAte hI usako use mopakara urRNa hone kI sthiti hI dAna hai / satyake hAthoM meM AtmadAna kara cura ! vyakti apanI sampUrNa bhautika zakti tathA sAmarthya ko satyake hAthoM meM saupakara satyako hI apanA koSAdhyakSa banAkara nirvighna bana jAtA hai| usakI mAnasika zAnti ke sammukha samagra vizvakI pratikUlatA parAbhUta rahatI hai / ___ apsatya-virodha tathA ajJAna-saMhAra Adi rASTrIya mahatva rakhane vAle kAma dAnazUroM ke kartavyapAlanakI bhAvanAse hI calate haiM / (mAnavacaritrakA AbharA ) gurudevabrAhmaNeSu bhaktibhUpaNam // 427 / / gurudeva tathA brAhmaNoM ( bhUdevoM) kI bhakti hI manuSyako suzobhita karanevAlA bhUSaNa hai / vivaraNa- vidyA, kauTumpika saMbandha tathA AyumeM jyeSTha sadupadezadAtA guru, devIsaMpattirUpI bhAgavatasattA tathA tapa:zrutisampanna brahmadarzI brAhma. NoM kI paramAnuraktirUpI bhakti arthAt mAramasudhAra ke liye unake vAtA. varaNameM AtmasamarpaNa karake rahanA, mAnavacaritrakA mAbharaNa hai| manuSya guru, Izvara tathA brahmavettA logoMke sAtha ahetuka anurAga rakhane se ziSTa, zikSita, sadAcArI, vizvasanIya tathA bhAdarapAtra banate haiN| pAThAntara- bhUSaNaM gurudevavrAhmaNeSu bhaktiH / Page #418 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ AcAra pAlanake lAbha 391 ( manuSyamAtrakA bhUSaNa ) sarvasya bhUSaNaM vinayaH // 428 // vinaya ( arthAt satyanArAyaNakI sevAmeM AtmasamarpaNa karake satyasvarUpa suzIla, namra, vinIta, kartavyazIla bana jAnA ) manuSyamAtrakA bhUSaNa hai| akulino'pi vinItaH kulInAdviziSTaH // 429 / / kulInatAka ahaMkAra meM DUbe hue satyAhIna, avinIta vyaktikI apekSA apratiSTita gharameM utpanna honapara bhI satyako zirodhArya karake jIvanayApana karanevAlA vinIta vyakti zreSTha hotA hai / ( AryatvakI pahacAna ) ( adhika sUtra ) AcAravAn vinIto'kulIno'pi AryaH / vinaya tathA AcArase sampanna anuSya ucca kahalAnevAle kulameM utpanna na hone para bhI Aya hI hai| vivaraNa---- sadAcAra tathA vinayase hIna Arya nAmadhArI bhI manAyaM hI kahAtA hai / bhAcAra tathA vinaya hI mAryatvake hetu haiN| amara meM Arya, sabhya, sajana, sAdhu ina sabako prakArthaka kahA hai " mahAkulakulInAryasabhyasajjanasAdhavaH / ' nIti meM kahA hai___ " akulIno'pi zAstrajJo devaterapi pUjyate / " devaM bhI zAstramaryAdAmeM rahanevAle akulInakI pUjA karate haiM : - ( AcAra pAlanake lAbha ) AcArAdAyurvardhate kIrtizca / / 430 // sadAcAra pAlanese Ayu tathA yazakI vRddhi hotI hai| vivaraNa- sadAcArase indriyavijaya, usase svAsthya, upsale indriya Page #419 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 392 cANakyasUtrANi nairmalya, usase buddhikI prakharatA, narogya tathA AyukI vRddhi hotI hai / }- guruparamparAse prApta, 2granthoMmeM alikhita parantu viziSTa kuloMmeM praca cita, tathA 3- zAstroM meM ullikhita bhedase sadAcAra tIna prakArakA hotA hai / ( avaktavya ) priyamapyahitaM na vaktavyam // 431 || ahitakArI priyavacana kabhI na kahanA cAhiye / vivaraNa - hitakArI kaTu bAta to kaha de, parantu kisIko anucita upAyoM se prasanna karane yA Thaganeke liye ahitakArI priya vacana, na bole / ahitakArI priya vacana samAjahita ke luTere AtatAyiyoM ko hI priya lagA karatA hai / jise ahitakArI priya vacana acche lagate dekho use niHzaMka hokara AtatAyI mAna lo / yadi kisI rASTrake pramAdase usakI rAjyazakti ujale vastra pahananevAle prabhutAlobhI dhUrtoMke hAthoMmeM jA phaMsI ho to samajhanA hogA ki isa rASTrane apane hitoMko tilAMjali dekara samAjake zatru dhUrtoMko hI rASTrapara prabhutA karanekA adhikAra de rakkhA hai / taba samajhanA hogA ki vaha rASTra una prabhutAkobhI AtatAyiyoMke kAnako pyAre laganevAle, unakI AsuriztA kI hI cATukAritA karanevAle vacanoM, dekhoM, vyAkhyAnoM, nAroM tathA pracAroMse luTere, dhUrta masuroM ko prasanna karane meM lagA huA hai aura samAja ahitakArI asurarAjakA hI samarthaka bana gayA hai J yaha sthiti kisI bhI rASTrake liye mahAn saMkaTakI sthiti hai| aise rASTrIya saMkaToMke avasarapara samAjakA saccA hita cAhanekA abhimAna karanevAle logoMko Age jAnA cAhiye / prabhutAlobhiyoMke mithyA pracAra meM sammilita hone se na kevala bacanA cAhiye pratyuta usakA virodha karanA cAhiye / samAjahitaiSI logoM ko prabhutAlobhiyoMkI AsurikatApara coTa pahuMcAnevAle, una (sAmAjika luTeroM) kI durabhisaMdhiyoMkA bhaNDAphoDa karake unake santApaka samAjakA saccA hita karanevAle asuravidhvaMsI satyakA pracAra karake rASTra ke Page #420 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ satyaka pocha calo 393 jananArAyaNako jhakajhora kara jagA DAlanA cAhiye aura use asurarAjake virodha khaDA kara denA caahiye| prasanna karaneke abhiprAyase bolA ahitakArI vacana manivArya rUpase mithyA hotA hai| isa prakArakA vacana na kahane meM manuSya kA apanA kalyANa hai| satyaM brUyAt priyaM brUyAt na brUyAt satyamapriyam / priyaM ca nAnataM bayAdeSa dharmaH sanAtanaH // manuSya satyavacana kahe parantu usIse kahe jise yaha jAna le ki ise satyavacana priya bhI lagegA aura grAhya bhI lgegaa| (dUsare zabdoM meM Upara bhUmimeM apane satyakA vapana na kare / jise satya apriya lagatA ho usase satya kahakara upase vAkkalaha mola na le ) jisa zrotAko mithyA siddhAnta. hAna amAnavocita vacana priya lagatA ho use prasanna karane kI nibala bhAvanAke vazIbhUta hokara usase mithyA vacana na khe| yaha satarkatA hI satyabhASaNake saMbandhakA sanAtana dharma yA satyabhASaNasaMvandhI satarkatA hai| ( vyaktitva ke poche na calakara satyake pIche calo ) bahujanaviruddhamekaM nAnuvarteta / / 432 / / bahujanahitake viruddha ekakA athAt kisIke vyaktitvakA anu. gamana na kre| vivaraNa--- manuSya aneka (samAja ) mAra eka vyaktitva ) mese tyAjya grAhya kI samasyA upasthita honepara eka arthAt vyaktitva ke pocha aMdhA hokara calane kI pravRttiko to tyAga de aura apanI svataMtra vicArabuddhiko kAmameM lAkara usIse apanA tAtkAlika kartavya nizcaya kare / arthAt dalamizrita na ho kyoMki dala vyaktisvAnugAmI hotA hai| yadi manuSya aise samaya apane svataMtra vicArAdhikArako tilAMjali dekara bahujana arthAt samAjavirodhI eka vyaktike vyaktitvakA andhAnugamana karatA hai to usakA mAtmakalyANa nahIM hotaa| sarvAvasthAmeM samAja-hitako hI dhyeya rakhanA caahie| Page #421 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi saMsAra meM netA yA gurunAmadhArI loga anuyAyiyoM ko apane vyaktitva ke pIche calate A rahe haiM / sUtrakArako samAjakI yaha sthiti sahya nahIM hai / ve isa sUtra meM bahumata ke viruddha ekake pIche na calane ke sambandha meM sAvadhAna vANI kahakara spaSTa kaha rahe haiM ki samagra manuSyasamAja ke kalyANakA virodha karanevAle kisI bhI matavAdI netA yA guruke pIche mata calo; kintu jisa satya ke pIche calane se samagra mAnavasamAjakA kalyANa hotA ho, hotA bhArahA ho yA honekI pUrNa saMbhAvanA ho usa satyakA svayaM darzana kareM aura usIke pIche cale | isa rIti satyake pIche calate hue tumheM koI eka manuSya sAthIke rUpameM mila jAya yA tumheM kisI ekake sAtha calanA paDe to tumhAre manameM isa atikA santoSa aTala rahanA cAhiye ki maiMne kisI vyaktike pIche na calakara satya ke pIche calakara satyakI sevA kI hai| yaha sUtra manuvyakI vyaktyanugAmitA chur3Akara use satyAnugAmI banAnA cAhatA hai / manuSyako bahumatAnugAmI banAnA to isa sUtrakA uddezya kadApi nahIM hai 1 394 C isa satra meM bahumata ke aMdhAnugamanakA upadeza nahIM diyA hai| kinta ekake andhAnugamanakA niSedha karake kisI ke vyaktitva ke pIche calanekA hI niSedha kiyA hai | manuSyako satyako apanAne aura usIka pIche calane kA saMtoSa pAnA cAhiye kisIke anugamanakA nahIM / bAta yaha hai ki eka yA bahuta donoMse aprabhAvita rahakara kevala satyakA anugamana karane se ho kartavyapAlanakA saMtoSa hotA hai, anyathA nahIM / yadi sUtrakA yaha abhiprAya hotA to ise spaSTa zabdoM meM yoM kahanA cAhiye thA - " bahumataviruddhamekaM tyaktvA bahumatamanuvarteta / " arthAt bahumatavirodhI ekako tyAgakara bahumatakA ho anusaraNa karanA cAhiye / kucha TIkAkAra isa sUtrakA bahujanavirodhI ekakA sAtha choDakara bahumata ke sAtha denA artha karanA cAhate haiM / ve cAhe aisA samajheM parantu sUtra apane mukhase yaha bAta kahanA nahIM cAhatA / usane to sampUrNa samAjako Page #422 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ satyake pIche calo hI manuSya ke sammukha upasthita karake svatantra ... ... rIti se socakara samAjakalyANakArI kartavya karane kA upadeza diyA hai| sUtrakI vacana pari. pATIko gambhIratA samAjake sAtha aMdhA banakara calaneko manA kara rahI hai aura samAjakalyANako apanAne kA upadeza de rahI hai| sUtrakAra svayaM apane mukhase 'sAraM mAhAjanaH saMgrahaH pIDayati / ' isa sUtrameM bahumatIya nirNayoM kA virodha kara cuke haiN| ___ gatAnugatikA loko na lokaH pAramArthikaH / ' yaha kiMvadantI bhI bahumatako avizvAsya ghoSita kara rahI hai / sAdhAraNa loga vicAra kara kAma karanevAle yA sanmArga chAMTakara phira usapara calane. vAle na hokara bheDA-cAla hote haiN| bahumata kabhI bhI vicArazI loMkA nahIM hotA / bahumata cAhe sArA samAja hI kyoM na ho, unakA bhI andhAnugamana na karake cakSuSmAna hokara satyakA anugamana karane se hI sampUrNa samAjakA kalyANa hotA hai| jisameM samagra mAnavasamAjakA kalyANa hai vahIM cANakya jaise vicArakako kahanA cAhiya aura vahI usake sUtrakA artha bhI honA caahiye| kabhI kabhI bahumatakA virodha karanA deza ke vizArazIla logoMkA spaSTa kartavya hotA hai| aise prasaMga bahudhA mAte hai jaba samAjake anubhavI vidvAnoM ko apane dezake mUDha bahumata kA virodha karanA paDatA hai / jaba bahujana virodhameM ekakA mata sakala janahitakArI hotA hai usa samaya vijJa logoM ko ajJAniyoMke bahumatakA anAdara karanA hI par3atA hai| isaliye isa sUtrakA yaha yathAzrata artha anubhava viparIta honese upAdeya nahIM ho sakatA ki bahajanavirodha ho to eka kisIkA anusaraNa na karake bahumatakA anusaraNa krn| cAhiye / yaha artha mAnavakI satyaniSThA ( yA svatantratA ) para coTa karanevAlA hone se mAnya nahIM hai| Page #423 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi (durjanoMkA sAjhA hAnikAraka ) na durjaneSu bhAgadheyaH kartavyaH // 433 / / manuSya hInasvabhAvavAle duSTa, krUra durjanoMke sAjhemeM koI kAma na kre| vivaraNa- durjanoM ko kisI bhI kAma meM sAjhI na banAye / durjana loga svayaM to naSTa ho hI cuke hote haiM aura dUsaroM ko bhI naSTa kara DAlate haiN| ye baDe kRtaghna hote haiM / jaise duSTa vAyumeM rahanese asvAsthya aura roga hotA hai isI prakAra durjanasaMyogase manuSya kA duHkhI honA anivArya hotA hai / ' durjanaH parihartavyaH sadbhAvai maNDito'pi san / ' sadbhAvoMse maNDita dIkhanepara bhI durjanase dUra rahanA caahiye| ye loga "viSakumbhaM payomukham" mukhamAtrameM Upara hI Upara dUdha bhare viSase bharapUra ghaDeke samAna jihvA mAtrameM mIThe aura hRdayameM atyanta kaDake hote haiN| pAThAntara- na durjaneSu bhAgadheyaM kartavyam / (saubhAgyazAlI nIcoMse saMbandha akartavya ) na kRtArtheSu nIceSu sambandhaH / / 434 // saubhAgyavAn nIceMsei sambandha mata kro| vivaraNa ----- saubhAgyazAlI nIcoMke saubhAgyase lAbhAnvita hone ke lobhameM unase ghaniSTha sambandha mata sthApita kro| nIcoMkI kRtArthatA, unakA saubhAgya, unakI mAnapratiSThA, sabakI saba nIcatAkI hI saphalatAyeM haiN| nIcakA saubhAgya akAla jaladodayake samAna na jAne kaba, kahAM, kisakA pralaya bulA DAle / nIcoMkI saphalatAoM aura saubhAgyalakSmiyoM meM sammilita hojAnA nIcatAko hI apanAnA hotA hai / manuSyakI nIcatAko apanAne se baDI aura koI durgati nahIM ho sktii| yaha saba samajhakara manuSyako nIca Page #424 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sampanna jIvanakA mAhAtmya logoMke bhautika kuprabhAvoMse mAmarakSA karanI cAhiye / nIcoMkI sukhasamadvi, mAna pratiSThA, saubhAgya mAdi pratyeka guNa samAjako pathabhraSTa karane tathA patita banAne ke kAma Ate haiN| sUtrakAra bhautika, sampattizAlI, yazasvI nIcoMke samparka se honevAle samAjake adhaHpatanake viruddha una sudhAraka nAma. dhArI logoM ko sAvadhAna kara rahe haiM jo nIcoMko bhautika saphalatAoM kI cakAcauMdhameM aMdhe hokara unase sambandha baDhAneko udAratA, unnati, samAjasaMzodhana mora rAmonnayana samajhane kI bhrAnti karake dezamAtAke vakSaHsthala para AtatAyiyoMse charI lagavAkara samasta rAmako azAntikI bhAgameM jhoMka ( RNa, zatru tathA vyAdhi, saMbandhoM gaMbhIra kartavya ) RNazatruvyAdhivazeSaH kartavyaH / / 435 / / RNa, zatru tathA vyAdhiko niHzeSa karanA caahiye| vivaraNa- jabataka RNa, agni, zatru tathA vyAdhi ko pUrA ni:zeSa na kara DaoNlo tabataka zAntise mata baittho| yadi ye zeSa raha jAyeMge to inake baDha jAnepara inase apanA sampUrNa vinAza ho jAne kA pUrA Dara hai| inheM zeSa rakha liyA jAyagA to yathAkrama dinAza, dAha, hAni tathA matyu avazyaM. bhAvI ho jaaygii| zatru mAntaravAhya bhedase do prakAra ke hote haiM / pApa manu. vyakA aMtarazatra hai| use pahacAnakara kSaNabharameM bhasmIbhUta kara DAlanA cAhiye / pApa mAnava jIvana ke sauMdarya, saukhya tathA yaza kA ghAtaka zatru hai| pAThAntara--- RNAgnizatravyAdhiSvazeSaH kartavyaH / RNa, agni, zatru tathA vyAdhiko niHzeSa kara denA cAhiye / pAThAntara- RNAgnivyAdhitavazeSaH kartavyaH / yaha pATha apapATha hai| ( sampanna jIvanakA mAhAtmya ) bhUtyanuvartanaM puruSasya rasAyanam / / 436 / / sampattiyukta jIvana vitAnA dIrghAyu tathA svAsthyakA janaka hai| Page #425 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi vivaraNa--- jIvanameM dhanaizvarya saMgraha ke prayatnakA nirantara calate rahanA puruSake liye rasAyana hai / jaise rasAyanase vIryAdikI vRddhi hotI hai, isI prakAra dhanasaMgraha sukhajanaka hokara jarA, vyAdhivinAzaka tathA daihika sukha denevAlA hotA hai / jarA tathA nyAdhike vinAzaka dravyoMko " rasAyana " kahA jAtA hai| dIrghamAyuH smRtimadhAmArogyaM taruNaM vyH| dehIndriyavalaM kAnti naro vidad rasAyanAt // manuSya rasAyanase dIrgha Ayu, smRti, medhA, mArogya, yauvana, dehabala, indriyazakti tathA kAnti prApta kare / ye hI saba kAma dhanasaMgrahase bhI hote haiN| isaliye vaha bhI rasAyana hai aura usa (dhanasaMgraha) kA kAma jIvana. paryanta calanA cAhiye / ( yAcakoM kA apamAna akartavya ) nArthivavajJA kAryA // 437 / / yAcakoMkA apamAna na karanA cAhiye / vivaraNa --- adhikArI bharthiyoMkI kI jA sake to unakI deza, kAla, pAtrake anusAra yathocita sahAyatA kara denI cAhiye / na kI jA sake to unake samakSa vinaya tathA sahAnubhUti ke sAtha madhuravANIse apanI asamarthatA prakaTa kara denI cAhiye / tRNAni bhUmirudakaM vAkcaturthI ca sUnRtA / etAnyApa satAM gehe nAcchidyante kadAcana // mAsana, bhUmi, jala, mIThI vANI ye to satpuruSoM ke gharoMse kabhI naSTa nahIM hotii| satyakI sevA karane ke liye dhanakA sadupayoga karanA hI dhanavAnakA dAnadharma hai| jaba koI satyasevaka satyArthadAna karanekI dRSTise pAtra apAtra vicArakara kipI satyaniSThako apane dvArapara pAnekA saubhAgya prApta kare, taba use usakI ucita sevAke dvArA satyakI sevA karake kRtArtha hojAnA cAhiye / satya hI pAtrApAtra vicArakI kasauTI hai / Page #426 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ nItra prabhukA svabhAva 399 dhanIsampanna loga satyakI sevA karane kI dRSTi se nirdhanoMkA upakAra kareM yaha mAnavasamAjakA sAmAjika niyama hai aura yaha guNI nirdhana logoMkI eka sadAzA bhI hai / kAraNa yaha hai ki manuSyako samAjake sahayogase hI dhanopArjanakA avasara aura sAdhana prApta hote haiM / dhaniyoMko samAjakI mUka svIkRti aura sahayogase hI dhanI banane ke suavasara milate haiN| dhaniyoMko thapane samAjake isa mUka sahayogakA ucita mUlya mAMkanA caahiye| samAjakA yaha RNa jaba jisa rUpameM zIghrase zIghra cukAyA jA sake cukAne ke liye saharSa prastata rahanA cAhiya aura isameM RNamokSa apaneko saubhAgyazAlI bhI mAnanA caahiye| dhaniyoM ke pAsa jo arthI loga Ate haiM ve vehI loga hote haiM jinhoMne apane muka sahayogase unheM dhanI banane ke avasara diye the / Aja paristhiti aura AvazyakatAne vivaza karake unheM arthI banAkara bhejA hai| aise arthiyoMkI avajJA karanA apanI hI aura apane hI saubhAgyakI, apane hI sadguNoMkI avajJA hai / yaha avajJA AtmavinAzakA hI pUrvAbhAsa hai| isake atirikta arthI banakara AnevAloM meM adhikArI anadhikArI saba hI prakArake loga Ate haiM / gRhastha manuSyapara apane baccoMkA hI nahIM isa samasta saMsArake satyAtha pAlanakA bhAra hai jise use sAmAnusAra pUrA karanA hai / yadi aise prasaMgapara avajJA karane ke svabhAvase bhUlase kisI madhikArIkI avajJA hogI to avajJAkartAkA satyacyutirUpI adhaHpatana pramANita ho jaaygaa| ( nIca prabhukA svabhAva ) suduSkaraM karma kArayitvA kartAramavamanyate nIcaH // 438 // nIca vyakti sukaTora karma karAkara usake na hone yA adhUrA raha jAnepara yA hojAnepara bhI kartAko saphalatAkA yaza na denekI bhAvanAse apamAnita kiyA karatA hai| vivaraNa-- nIca vyakti kAma bhI kaTora karA letA hai aura kartAko usake kartRtvakA yaza na pAne dene ke liye usakA apamAna bhI karatA hai| Page #427 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi yadi vaha karmakartAkI kisI daSTi se na ho pAyA ho taba to usakI ucita mAtrAmeM garhaNA ThIka hai / yadi vaha karma hI duSkara thA aura isIliye saphala nahIM ho sakA to usameM usakA doSa nahIM hai / ajJAnI loga duSkara karmakI duSkaratApara dhyAna na dekara usakA saMpUrNa doSa kartAka pira DAla dete haiN| aise samaya pocanA to yaha cAhiye ki hamArA kAma kAraNadoSase bigaDA hai ki kartRdoSase ? yadi vaha kAma kisI traTivaza pUrA na huA ho yA pUrA hokara bhI niSphala raha gayA ho to use dubArA karanA cAhiye aura yadi pUrA ho gayA ho to use usakA yaza na denekI durabhisaMdhi tyAgakara usakA paSTarUpase kRtaja honA cAhiye / pAThAntara-- suduSkaraM karma kArayitvA kartAraM nAvamanyeta / manuSya kisIse duSkara karma karAkara na to kAraNavaza viphala hojAnepara usakA apamAna kareM aura na kartAko kartatvakA yaza na pAne dene kI durbhAvanAse use apamAnita kre| aisA vyavahAra karanese kartA milane duSkara ho jAte haiM aura yaha svabhAva apanA hI hAni karane vAlA hotA hai| ( akRtajJa sarvadA duHkhI) nAkRtajJasya narakAnnivatenam // 439 // kartAkA upakAra na mAnanevAle akRtajJa manaSyakA naraka (adha:. patanakI avasthA se kI utthAna nahIM hotaa| vivaraNa-- akRtajJa manuSya apane isa duSTa svabhAvase apane sahAyakoMko nirutsAhita karake sahAyaka hI na kara sake lA raha jAtA aura apane ko apane hI hAthoMse duHkhada avasthA meM pheMka denA hai| apanI kRtaghnatAse sahAyaka khodenA hI nA kanivAsa hai|| __'kRtaghne nAsti nisskRtiH|' kRtaghnakA koI prAyazcitta nahIM hai / pAThAntara-na kRtaghnasya ... ... / Page #428 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSa tathA amRtakA bhaMDAra 401 ( vRddhi yA vinAza suvANI kuvANI para nirbhara ) jihvAyattau vRddhivinAzau // 440 // manuSyake vRddhivinAza usakI suvANI tathA kuvANIpara nirbhara hote haiN| vivaraNa- yadi manuSya apane sahakarmiyoMkA sammAna tathA unake prati kRtajJatA prakaTa karatA rahe to usakI vRddhi aura yadi vaha unakA apamAna kare to usakA vinAza hotA hai / manuSyake vRddhi vinAza vANIke sadupayoga durupayogapara hI nirbhara hote haiN| manuSya durvANIse kAryahAni tathA madhura. vANIse kArya meM sukaratA hotI dekhakara apanI sucintAse apanI vANIko saMyata rkkhe| vAGmAdhuryAt sarvalokapriyatvam / dhAkpAruSyAt sarvalokApriyatvam / / madhurabhASI sabakA prema prApta karanemeM saphala hojAtA hai| vANIkI kaTho. ratA gardabhake heSArava 2 kutte ke bhauMkane ke samAna manuSyako savakI ghRNAkA pAtra banA detI hai| isa sUtrameM jihvA dUparI indriyoM kA bhI upalakSaNa hai / jihvAke samAna anya indriyoM ke saMyama tathA caMcalatAyeM bhI manaSyakI vRddhi yA hAni karane. bAlI hotI haiN| (viSa tathA amRtakA bhaMDAra ) viSAmRtayo rAkaro jihvA // 441 // jihvA viSa tathA amRta cAhe jisakI Akara banAI jA sakatI vivaraNa--- manuSya apane mana kI sthiti ke anusAra hI vAkyocAraNa karatA hai / zAnta manase zAntavacana aura azAntamanase azAntavacana nika. latA hai / azAnta hokara vacana bolanA azAnti paidA karanevAlA hotA hai / 26 (cANakya.) Page #429 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 402 cANakyasUtrANi bANakA ghAva to bhara sakatA hai, parantu durukta vANIkA ghAva jIvanabhara nahIM bharatA / isa dRSTise vacanako zAnta rakhanekA upAya manako zAnta rakhanA hai| zAntavacana bAhya saMsAra meM bhI zAnti rokanevAlA tathA vaktAkI bhI mAnasika zAntiko surakSita rakhanevAlA hotA hai / zAntise jhagaDe miTate azAnti se vAtAvaraNameM Aga laga jAtI hai| rohate sAyakairviddhaM vanaM parazunA hatam / vAcA duruktayA viddhaM na saMrohati vAvakSatam // bANoMke ghAva to bhara jAte haiM, parazuse kATe vana bhI punaH phUTa jAte haiM parantu duru ( payu) kta vANIkA bIMdhA dhAva kabhI nahIM bhrtaa| (priya vANIkA mahAtmya ) priyavAdino na zatruH // 442 // hitavAdIkA koI zatru nahIM hotaa| hitavAkyaprayoktuzca dAtuzcaivopakAriNaH / sAdho lasya jagati ripurnava pradRzyate // hitavacana bolanevAle, dAtA, upakArI, sAdhu tathA bAlakakA saMsArameM (daSToMko choDakara ) koI zatra nahIM hotA / manako patita karanevAle kAmakrodhAdi manovikAra hI manuSyake mUla zatru haiN| apane manako apanI ora se nira banA cukanevAleko jihvAse satyako prakaTa karanevAlA hita vacana saMpUrNa manuSyasamAjakA mitra hotA hai| usake vacana manuSyaptamAjako kalyANamArga dikhAnevAle hote haiN| manuSya kI dUsaroMse jo vyaktigata zatrutA unatI hai, vaha bhI vAstavameM manuSyasamAjakI zAntipara bhAkramaNa karanevAle duSToMke bhahita, kaTu, ayathArtha, uttejaka vacanoMse hI unatI hai| apane samA. jakA apanI bhorase zatru na bananA hI manuSya kI nirvaira sthiti hai| yoM to saMsArameM jJAnIke zatru ajJAnI hI haiM / parantu jJAnI apanI orase kisIke sAtha zatrutAcaraNakA aparAdha nahIM krtaa| vaha apanA isa mahAmahima mAnasika sthiti se nira rahatA hai / Page #430 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ priya vANIkA mahAtmya 403 munerapi vanasthasya svAni karmANi kurvataH / utpadyante trayaH pakSA mitrodAsInazatravaH // paJca tvAnugamiSyanti yatra yatra gamiSyasi / mitrANyamitrA madhyasthA upajIvyopajIvinaH // ( vidura ) apanI munivRtti meM lage hue ekAntavAsI munike bhI mitra, udAsIna, zatru nAmaka tIna pakSa utpanna ho hI jAte haiM / tU jahAM kahIM jAyagA vahIM mitra, zatru, madhyastha, upajIvya tathA upajIvI tere sAtha sAtha caleMge / jJAnI puruSa apanI hitoktiyoMse sampUrNa samAjakA mitra banA rahakara samAjake zatruoM ko parAbhUta karatA rahatA hai / stutA api devatA stuSyanti // 443 // madhuravacana ke samarthana meM saMsAra meM yaha lokapriya lokokti pracalita hai ki stuti se to adRzya devatAtaka prasanna hokara prArthI kI manokAmanA pUrI kara dete haiM manuSyakA to kahanA hI kyA ? vivaraNa - sUtra kahanA cAhatA hai ki zaktizAlI satpuruSake kAnoM meM paDA huA usakA guNakIrtana vyartha nahIM jAtA / vaha use guNagrAhI satyavAdI stAvaka ke prati AkRSTa karanevAlA amogha sAdhana bana jAtA hai / satya hI manuSyahRdayakA svAbhAvika svAmI hai / mAnavahRdayakA svAbhAvika svAmI satya hI sampUrNa manuSyasamAjakA zaktizAlI prabhu hai / vANIke dvArA satyakA pracAra karane se samAjakA kalyANa sunizcita hojAtA hai / satyakA pracAra kabhI bhI samAjakA hita karanemeM vyartha nahIM jAtA / manuSyako isa dhruva satyako dhyAna meM rakhakara kisIke AsurI prabhAva meM Akara satyakI zaktike saMbandha meM saMdiddAna nahIM ho jAnA cAhiye / gItA ke zabdoMmeM "6 by " azvazcAzraddhadhAnazca saMzayAtmA vinazyati / $ apane svarUpa satyakA jJAna na rakhanevAlA, apane svarUpa satyapara zraddhA na Page #431 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 404 cANakyasUtrANi rakhanevAlA tathA satyake sambandhameM saMdihAna rahanevAlA vyakti vinaSTa hocukA hotA hai / ' isa dRSTise niHsaMkoca hokara samAjake zreSThatama vyaktiyoM ke satyakA guNagAna karanA saccI lokakalyANakAriNI sevA yA vAkcAturI hai| doSa yA apamAnakI bAteM sunakara zrotAke manameM vaktAke prati aprIti aura udvega paidA hojAtA hai / isaliye parArAdhana-paNDita loga apane priya madhura satya bhASaNoMse jJAnI zrotAoM ko apane anukUla banAyA kreN| pAThAntara- stutA devA api ciraM tuSyanti / stutise bhAvarjita devatAtaka stAvakapara kRpAlu hojAte haiN| (durvacana dvepotpAdaka ) anatamapi durvacanaM ciraM tiSThati // 444 // dusaroMko saMtApa pahuMcAne yA avajJA karanekI bhAvanAse kahA durvacana anRta (nirAdhAra) ho to bhI zrotAkI smRtipara cirakAla taka apanA dveSamUlaka hAnikAraka duSprabhAva banAye rahatA hai / vivaraNa- santApa pahuMcAne kI bhAvanAse kisIko sAdhAra durvacana kahanA bhI anucita hai / nirAdhAra durvacana to kabhI kisIko kahanA hI nahIM cAhiye / sAdhAra durvacana kahanA paDe to bhI usakI maryAdAoMkA pAlana to karanA hI caahiye| yadi durvacana kisI aparAdhako bhatsanA rUpa ho aura ucita maryAdAmeM ho to vaha kalyANakArI hotA hai| kartavyavaza kisIkI vAstavika bhUlapara kahe gae avajJA yA santApakArI vacanase aparAdhI zrotAko bhAtmasudhArakA avaptara diyA jAtA hai / satyAdhArita durvacana isa vicArake prabhAvase bhasita zrotAkI buddhiko vidrohI nahIM bnaataa| vaha use mAramasaMzodhanakA avasara dekara sArthaka hojAtA hai / masalyAdhArita yA sahanako sImAse bAharavAlA durvacana zrotAko vaktAse badalA leneke liye uttejita karatA hai| durvacana svayaM eka mahAparAdha hai / durvacanakA uddezya yA pariNAma kalaha Page #432 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ durvacana dveSotpAdaka hai / vaktAkA uddezya hI usake vacanake satyAsatyakI kasauTI hotA hai / zubha uddezyase kartavyavaza kahA sabhI vacana satyakI hI paribhASAmeM AjAtA hai| kalaha ke uddezyase uccArita pratyeka vAkya mithyA hotA hai| apane hadayako krodhase kaluSita karake uccArita vacana asatyakI dAsatA hotA hai| zarIra, mana yA vacana kisIse bhI asatyakI dAsatA na karanA manuSyakI satyaniSThA hai| apane mana, vacana, karma tInoMko kartanyakI sImAse bAhara na nikalane denA hI vyarthatArahita saphala jIvana hai| mana, vacana, karmako kartavyakI sImAse bAhara nikAla jAne denA jIvana kI vyarthatA yA niSphala jIvana hai| manameM utpanna honevAle krodha Adi ripubhoMpara vijaya pAkara rahanA hI jJAnIkI vijaya kuzalatA hai / __ vacana apane mana tathA samAjakI zAnti ke liye hI bolA jAnA caahiye| dUsareko santApa pahuMcAne kI dRSTi se to koI vacana bolanA hI nahIM cAhiye / dUsaroMko santApa pahuMcAne kI dRSTi se uccArita vacana dUsareke manapara AghAta pahuMcAnese bhI pahale vatAke hI hRdayako santapta tathA azAnta kara cukA hotA hai| jo manuSya dUsareke prati durvacana kaha kara usapara apanA krodha prakaTa karanA cAhatA hai vaha pahale svayaM hI krodhakA AkheTa bana cukatA hai aura apanA jIvana nyartha kara cukatA hai / durvacana vAstavikatAke AdhArapara ho yA na ho vaha donoM hI paristhitiyoM meM vaktAke uddezyakI kaTutAke kAraNa zrotAko duHkhI karanevAlA hojAtA hai / udAharaNake rUpa meM maMdheko andhA kahanA usakI vikalAMgatApara kaTAkSa karanevAlA honese andheko duHkha pahuMcAtA hai| isI prakAra samAjako nindita karane ke liye use andhA kahanA bhI uptako duHkha pahuMcAnevAlA hotA hai| aise zAbdika satyAdhArita bhI durvacanoMse vaktA, zrotA kisIkA bhI upakAra nahIM hotaa| aise durvacana sadA hI asatya aura parihArya hote haiN| vacana apane ( vaktA tathA zrotA donoMke ) hitArtha hI bolA jAnA cAhiye / jo vacana apanA hI mAhita kara DAle vaha zrotAko bhI pIDita karegA hii| use bolanA buddhihInatA hai| Page #433 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 406 cANakyasUtrANi manuSyako jAnanA cAhiye ki usake hitakA kevala apanese hI sambandha nahIM hai, kintu usakA hita dusaroke hitoMke sAtha avibhAjyarUpase pUrNatayA sammilita hai| pratyeka vaktAko apane parasambaddha hitako yA apane hitakI parasambaddhatAko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI vAkya bolanA cAhiye / taba vaktAkA vacana samAjahitakI sImAkA bhaMga karanevAlA nahIM bnegaa| kruddha hokara bolA humA vacana pahale to vaktAke hRdayapara AghAta karatA hai| usake pazcAt krodhapAtrake hRdayapara coTa pahuMcAtA hai| aisA vacana apane vaktAkA aniSTa kara cukane ke pazcAt apane zrotAko kruddha tathA uttejita kara DAlata! hai / durvacana vaktA zrotA donoM hI pakSoM ke liye manAvazyaka tathA maniSTakArI hotA hai| durvacana sAdhAra, nirAdhAra kisI bhI avasthA meM samarthanIya nahIM hai| yaha to mAnanA hI paDegA ki vaktA zrotAke pArasparika saMbandha madhara hone cAhiye / jaba vaktA zrotAke pArasparika saMbandha kaDave hojAte haiM taba vaktAke vacanoMmeM kar3avApana bhAnA svAbhAvika hojAtA hai isalie usa samaya mauna hI satya bhASaNa hai| pArasparika saMbandhoMkI madhuratA hI madhura vacanoMkI jananI hai| isa sUtra meM satpuruSoM ko hI aniSTakArI vacanoMse rokA jA rahA hai / asa. puruSoM ko nahIM / asatpuruSoM ke liye koI zAstra yA vidhividhAna nahIM hotA / daNDa hI masarUSoM kA ekamAtra zAstra hotA hai / vaktA uttejanAke avasarapara zrotAkA marmaccheda karane ke liye kaDavI bAta kahatA hai / usa samaya usake nirAdhAra yA sAdhAra pratyeka vAkya kA pariNAma sthAyI zatratA hojAtA hai| cAhe manuSya aniSTakArIke AcaraNapara ucita kaTAkSa hI kyoM na kare vaha bhI use uttejita karanevAlA hojAtA hai| bhadra loga apanI bhUlapara ucita bharsanA to suna sakate haiM parantu duSTa kadApi kaTAkSa yA durva cana sunaneko udyata nahIM hotA / isaliye jaba kabhI bhaniSTakArIko vacanake dvArA aniSTa karanese rokane kA kartavya Aye, taba yaha dhyAna rakhakara hI usase kucha kahanA cAhiye ki uccAryamANa vacanase usakI pratihiMsAkI pravRttiyoM ko uttejita honekA avasara na milane pAye, pratyuta tumhAre vaha vacana usakI Page #434 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ rAjAkA dveSya bananA akartavya 407 kupravRttiyoMko roka denevAle zrutimadhura, yuktisaMgata tathA sahya hoN| yahI vacanakA ekamAtra uddezya hai| zruti kaTuvAkyase yaha uddezya pUrA nahIM hotA, pratyuta kaTuvAkya kalahakI sRSTi karanevAle kalahake cirasthAyI bIja bana jAte haiN| jaba samAjakalyANakI dRSTi se kisI satyako prakaTa karake aparAdhIko aparAdhI siddha karanA Thaddezya ho, taba usake prati viruddha mAropako vyakta karanA samAjasevAke rUpameM na kevala samarthanIya pratyuta prazaMsanIya bhI hotA hai / taba bhI kaTAkSa nahIM karanA caahie| sUtra kahanA cAhatA hai ki saMtApa pahucAne kI bhAvanAse to nIcako nIca bhI mata kaho / kartavyake vaza hokara to nIcako ucita maryAdAmeM nIca kahanA kartavya hotA hai| samAjakalyANakI dRSTi se nIcoM kI paryApta bharsanA kI jA sakatI hai / isa dRSTi se vicArazIla loga kisI kI nirAdhAra bhatrsanA na kre| sAdhAra bhatrsanA bhI aparAdhako sImA taka hI karanI cAhiye usase mAge sAdhAra bharsanA mI asA ho jAtI hai / pAThAntara- anRtAdapi durvacazciraM tiSThati / durvAkya asatya se bhI adhika cirasthAyo hotA hai / ( rAjAkA dvedhya bananA akartavya ) rAjadviSTaM na ca vaktavyaM // 445 // rAjAke vyaktitvapara apriya Aropa nahIM karanA cAhiye / rAjA yA usake pratinidhiko apriya vacana nahIM kahanA cAhiye / vivaraNa- rAjA yA usake pratinidhiko vyaktigata rUpameM na dekhakara use prajAkI sAmUhika zaktike kendra ke rUpameM dekhanA aura usake sAtha anuttejaka namra vAgvyavahAra karanA cAhiye / kyoMki rAjAke pAsa prajAkI sAmUhika zakti kendrita rahatI hai isa kAraNa rAjaroSa mAnavaroSase sahasroM guNA bhadhika hotA hai / rAjAke prati bole gaye apriya vacanoMse usake mana meM Page #435 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 408 cANakyasUtrANi vaktAke liye mahA aniSTakArI roSa paidA hokara nizcita hAnikAraka ho sakatA hai / isaliye rAjazaktivAloM ke sAtha suvicArita susabhya vAmyavahAra honA cAhiye / parantu isakA yaha artha nahIM ki manuSya auroMke sAtha apriya bhASaNa kare / yahAM kevala rAjAke sAtha vAmyavahArakI paripATI batAI jA rahI hai / rAjAke hI samAna deva, viSa, guru, sAdhu, nArI, mahApuruSa tathA aparicita logoMke sAtha bhI saMyata bhASaNa honA caahiye| isa sUtrase rAjakAryoMke viruddha asabhya samAlocanA usake bhAvI kAryoM para nirAdhAra doSAropaNa yA rAjaniyamoMkA ulaMghana AdikA bhI niSedha samajhanA cAhiye / ina kAryoMse rAjA prajA donoM kI hAni hotI hai| isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki rAjyavyavasthAmeM duniti nindanIya hotI hai| parantu dhyAna rahe ki usa dunitikA uttaradAyI akelA rAjA nahIM hotaa| rAjacakra (rAjAke bhRtyavarga) tathA vaha rASTra jisameM atyAcArita rahatA hai donoM hI rAjakIya dunitike uttaradAyI hote haiN| rAjA svayaM apanI icchAmAtrase rASTrakA rAjA nahIM banA karatA / vaha rASTra kI hI pratyakSa yA apratyakSa samma. tise rAjyaparicAlana kA bhAra grahaNa kiyA karatA hai / yadi koI rASTra apanI sammatikA durupayoga karake kisI ayogya vyaktiko rAjyasiMhAsanapara baiThA de to usa rAjakIya ayogyatAkA aparAdhI svayaM rASTra hotA hai| yogya rAjAkA cunAva karanA aura use yogya bane rahane ke liye vivaza rakhanA rASTrakA hI kartavya hai| rASTra to rAjAko ThIka rakhanekA uttaradAyI hai aura rAjAkA kartavya rASTrako ThIka rakhanA hai / yaha ubhayapakSIya rASTrIya kartavya hai / yadi rAjA ayogya hai to samajhanA hogA ki rASTra ayogya hai / ayogya rAjA ayogya rASTrakA pratinidhi hotA hai / isa dRSTi se rASTrakA saMzodhana na karake, rAjAke vyaktitvapara doSAropaNa karanA use asaMzodhita rahane dekara Rddha tathA pratihimAparAyaNa kara denA mAtra hojAtA hai| jabataka rASTa masaMzodhita rahegA tabataka rAjasiMhAsanapara ayogya loga hI rAjya karate rheNge| Page #436 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ madhura bhASaNakA prabhAva 409 auSadhaprayogako AvazyakatA rogI sthAnapara hI hotI hai / rogake mUlako naSTa na karake rogake upadravoM ke sAtha jhagaDane se roga nahIM htttaa| isa dRSTise ayogya rAjAke vyaktitva para klIbocita krodha dikhAnA rASTrasevA na hokara rASTradroha hai / jabataka rAjA rASTrakI sammatise rAjasiMhAsanapara baiThA huA hai, jabataka usake vyaktitvapara kisI bhI prakArakA mAkramaNa karanA rASTra meM azAnti utpanna karanevAlA hojAtA hai| aisI paristhitimeM rASTa. sevAkA marma samajhanevAloMkA yahI kartavya hojAtA hai ki kuzAsaka rAjAke vyaktitvapara mAkramaNa na karake dhairya ke sAtha rASTako usa mAnasika vyAdhiko cikitsA kareM jisane ayogya vyaktiko rAjasiMhAsanapara baiThA rakkhA ho / pAThAntara- rAjadviSTaM na vaktavyam / (madhura bhASaNakA prabhAva ) zrutisukhAkokilAlApAttuSyanti // 446 // jaise manuSya zravaNasukha kokilAlApoMse tRpti anubhava karate haiM isI prakAra vijJa loga rAjAoM yA rAjyAdhikArI bar3e bane hue logoMko zrutimadhura satyAnumodita vAkyaparipATIse santuSTa rkkheN| aura apane kAmAma vyAghAta utpanna na hone deN| vivaraNa- ayogya rAjAke sAtha vArtAlApa karane kI AvazyakatA par3ane para usakI ayogyatApara kaTAkSa karane ke liye usake kAnoMmeM cubhanevAlI bAta kahakara use kruddha kara denA hAnikAraka hai| isa sUtrameM kokilake kaNThakA udAharaNa isaliye diyA hai ki jaba ki manuSya ke kaNThameM zrotAke kAnoMko pIDA na pahuMcAne kA sAmarthya hai, taba usakA durupayoga kyoM kiyA jAya ? kAna sadA hI anukUlatAke pyAse hote haiM isaliye vacanako kaTa ho jAne denA vacanakalAkI anabhijJatA hai| jJAnIke kAna sadA satyase pyAra karate haiM / ajJAnIke kAna sadA satyake zatru hote haiN| yogya rAjAko satyavacana sunAkara tRpta kiyA jAtA hai parantu ayogya rAjA satya se ruSTa hojAtA hai| Page #437 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 410 cANakyasUtrANi sUtra kahanA cAhatA hai ki ayogya rAjAko akAraNa ruSTa na karake sase apanI tAtkAlika vAkcAturIse tRpta karanA hI buddhimattA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki jaba ki rAjAkA hamase svataMtra koI astitva hI nahIM hai jaba ki vaha rASTra ke hAthoMkA yantramAtra hai, taba rAjAko satya sunAne ke saMkaTameM na paDakara use apane rASTrasevaka kartavyakSetra meM hI sunAne ke liye sthagita rakhanA cAhiye / pAThAntara- zrutisukhAH kokilAlApAH / jaba ki kokilake AlApataka sukhakara hote haiM taba mAnavake madhurA. lApoM ke sambada hone kI to bAta hI kyA ? ( kukI kA pazcAttApa ( adhika sUtra ) tapyate duSkarakArI yatnavAn nAma / kukarmameM yatna karanevAlA vyakti santApa pAyA karatA hai| vivaraNa- durAcArI, krUrakarmA, kaThora svabhAvavAlA kApurUSa ati udyogI paramanipuNa honepara bhI apane kiye garhita karmake nikRSTa phalase svayameva bhItara hI bhItara pazcAttApAgnimeM dagdha hokara anutaha mora viSAdI hotA rahatA hai| jaise bAlakapanameM vidyAdhyayanase mana cuganevAle yauvanameM apanI bhUla para pachatAte haiM isI prakAra duSkarmAkA antarAtmA usake gahita mAcaraNake liye use sadA kosatA mora nocanocakara khAyA karatA hai / isake viparIta sAdhukArI svayaM bhI mukhI rahatA aura dUsaroM ko bhI sukha pahuMcAtA rahatA hai| ( sApuruSakA svabhAva ) svadharmahetuH satpuruSaH // 447 // satpuruSatvakA hetu svadharma hotA hai / svadharmapAlanase hI satpu. ruSa banate haiN| svadharmapAlana ( svakartavyapAlana satpuruSoMko DhAlanevAlA sAMcA hai|| pAThAntara-svadharmahetubhUtaH satpuruSavizeSaH / satpuruSa hI svadharmapAlana kara sakatA hai / Page #438 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ striyoMkA bhUSaNa 411 ( gauravahIna loga) nAstyarthino gauravam // 448 // samAjameM yAcakakA tathA kRpaNadhanIkA sammAnapUrNa sthAna nahIM hai| vivaraNa--- arthI zabda yAcaka tathA dhanI donoMkA vAcaka hai| samAjameM na to yAcakakA sammAna pUrNa sthAna hai kyoMki vaha prArthI bana jAne se dIna hai aura na samAjameM usa arthapizAca dhanIkA koI sammAnita pada hai jo samAjako lUTakara dhana kamAtA hai aura anivArya rUpa se sAmAjika abhyu. sthAna meM apanA mArthika sahayoga na denevAlA kRpaNa hotA hai / (triyoMkA bhUSaNa ) strINAM bhUSaNaM saubhAgbana // 449 // pativratA tathA patiputrAdise saubhAgyazAlinI rahanA striyoM kA bhUSaNa hai| saubhAgyalakSaNaM strINAM pAlivayaM prakIrtitam / pativratA honA hI strI ke liye gaurava kI bAta hai| vinaya, kSamA, gRha. kArya-dakSatA, zilpa, vaiduSya, dhIratA, Izvarabhakti tathA pAtivratya striyoM ke saubhAgya haiN| * patipatnyorvivAhamAntrikasaMskAraNakAtmyAt patimatvaM pAtivratyaM ca paraM saubhAgyam / ' vivAhakAlake mAntrika saMskAroM se patipatnIka! aikAtmya hojAtA hai| isaliye pAtivratya tathA suyogya pativAlI honA striyoM kA saubhAgya hai / mama vrate te hRdayaM dadhAmi / mama cittamanu cittaM ta'stu / / vivAhakAlameM pati patnIse vedakI bhASAmeM kahatA hai ki maiM tumhAre citta ko apane svIkRta vratameM saMyukta karatA huuN| tumhArA bina mere udde. 3yakI anukUlatA karatA rhe| Page #439 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 412 cANakyasUtrANi __ asaubhAgyaM jvaraH strINAm / (vR. cANakya ) patighratA na honA, patiputrAdise vaMcita honA tathA vinayAdi uparyukta guNoM se hIna honA striyoM ke liye jvarake samAna duHkhadAyI sthiti hai| ( adhika sUtra ) saubhAgyaM katurAcAratA / patike sadAcArake sadRza AcAra banAkara rakhanA hI patnIkA saubhAgya hai| (vaidha jIvikA zatrukI bhI anAzya) zatrorapi na patanIyA vattiH // 450 // zatrukI bhI vaidha ) jIvikA naSTa nahIM karanI caahiye| vivaraNa- samAjakA zatru manuSyamAtrakA zatru hotA hai| samAja meM bhazAnti phailAnevAlA hI manuSyakA zatru hotA hai / zAntirakSAke liye zatrudamana karanA bhI manuSya kA kartavya hai / parantu dhyAna rahe ki zatrukI azAntikAraka pravRttiyAM hI damanIya hotI haiN| zatruke AhArake sAtha manuSya. samAjakI koI zatrutA nahIM hai / zatruko yadi vaha vaidha AhAra kara rahA hai to usase vaMcita kara denA use mAhAra saMgraha ke liye samAjapara aura adhika mAkramaNake liye vivaza karanA hojAtA hai / zatru ko usake vaidha mAhArase vaMcita kara denA samAjakI zAntipara adhika bhAkramaNa karavAnA hojAtA hai / apanI vaidha jIvikAkA adhikAra to AtatAyIko bhI hai / jaba vaha samAjapara AkramaNa karatA hai taba usakI AkrAmaka pravRttiko na rokakara usakI vaidha jIvikAmAtra roka denese usakI AkramaNa pravRtti duganI protsAhita hojAtI hai| yaha samajha lenA cAhiye ki AtatAyIko miTAnA tathA usakI vaidha jIvikA naSTa karanA yA do alaga alaga pariNAma rakhanevAlI do alaga bAteM haiN| mAtatAyIkA bAla bAMkA na karasaka kara usakI vaidha jIvikApara mAkramaNa karanese usakA AtatAyIpana naSTa nahIM hojaataa| Page #440 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vaidhajIvikA zatrukI bhI anAzya 413 yahAMpara manuSyakI sAmUhika zaktiko AtatAyIke vinAza meM prayukta karanese rokanI abhiSTa nahIM hai kintu vaha to kartanyarUpa meM svIkRta hI hai| isa mahatvapUrNa vidhecanAko dhyAnameM rakhakara mAtatAyIkI vaidha jIvikAmAtrameM vighna DAlanA usake mAtatAyIpanako protsAhita karanA tathA samAja meM azAnti baDhAnA hojAtA hai / bhAtatAyI jIvikArjana karake apanA tathA apanepara nirbhara. parivArakA bharaNa poSaNa karatA hai| AtatAyIkI jIvikA ke sAtha pArivArikoM kI bhI jIvikAko naSTa karanA mAtatAyiyoMkI saMkhyA baDhAnA hai / rASTra meM bekArI utpanna na hone denA rAjA tathA nAgarikoM kA sabakA kartavya hai / coroM, laTeroM, DAkuoM, AtatAyiyoMko ucita daNDake dvArA hI zAsanAdhIna rakkhA jA sakatA hai / ye loga samAjake dUSita aMga haiM / rAjakIya kartavya rAjakalyANakI dRSTi se nirdhArita hote haiM / rASTrakalyANakI daSTise rASTrakaMTaka bana jAnevAle do cAra, daza pAMca mAtatAyiyoM kA vRtti. sahita samuccheda karanA rAjyavyavasthApakoMkA atyAjya dharma hojAtA hai / AtatAyI logoMkI jIvikA parastrApaharaNa hatyA Adi nRzaMsa upAyose hI saMpanna hotI hai / jaba ina samAjazatruoMke jIvikA naSTa karane kA prazna ani. vArya rUpa lekara upasthita hotA hai taba inake ina garhita upAyoM ko rASTra kI bhorase surakSita rakhanA yA rahane denA asaMbhava kalpanA hai| isa dRSTise isa sUtrakA yahI ekamAtra artha honA saMbhava hai ki zatrakI vaidha upAyoMse hone. vAlI jIvikAko naSTa na kiyA jAya / jabataka zatrukA avaidha jIvikArjana pramANita na hojAya tabataka usakA arjita dhana rAjyavyavasthAkI orase arthadaNDake rUpa nahIM chInA jA sktaa| yadi aparAdha pramANita na ho to mabhiyukta vyaktikA nirdoSa svIkRta honA usakA vaidha adhikAra hai / kisIko saMdigdhAvasthAmeM daNDita karanA avaidha kAryavAhI hai / jisa prakAra DAkUke ghara DAkA DAlanA yA corake ghara corI karanA usa jaisA aparAdhI bana jAnA hotA hai, isI prakAra isa sUtra meM prati. hiMsAkI bhAvanAse zatrutAcaraNa karaneko nindita niSiddha ThaharAyA gayA hai| Page #441 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 414 cANakyasUtrANi sUtrakA raSTikoNa yaha hai ki manuSyasamAjake zatruko daNDita karane meM bhI nyAyasaMgata samAjakalyANakI dRSTi rahanI cAhiye / kyoMki aparAdhiyoMko rokakara samAjakalyANako surakSita rakhanA hI rASTra tathA nAgarikoM kA kartavya hai| aparAdhI logoMko daNDa dene ke liye unheM aparAdhI siddha karanA bhI rASTra aura samAjakA kartavya hai| zaMkAmAtra se kisIko daNDa nahIM diyA jA sakatA / aparAdhI vyaktiko jIvikArjanake avaidha upAyoMse balAt rokakara vaidha jIvikAkA arjanake liye vivaza karake rakhanA rASTra tathA nAgarikakokA kartavya hai / AtatAyI pravRtti rakhane vAle manuSyako daNDabhayase tADita bhIta aura trasta karake unheM samAjakA akalyANa na karane denA rASTrakA kartavya hai| ( jIvanodyogoMkI zatruse rakSA ) ( adhika sUtra ) zatrubhiranabhipatanIyA vRttiH / / buddhimAnakI pravRttitaka zatrukA AkramaNa nahIM pahuMcanA caahiye| manuSyako apane jIvanasAdhanoMko zatruoMke AkramaNoMse surakSita rakhanA caahiye| aprayatnAdekaM kSetram // 421 // jahAM jala sulabha ho vahI kRSiyogya bhUmi hotI hai| vivaraNa- jisa sthAnameM kRSike liye anAyAsa jala mila sake vahI sthAna kRSike yogya hotA hai / kRSike hI nahIM nivAsake yogya bhI vahI sthAna mAnA jAtA hai jahAM jala anAyAsa milatA hai / marubhUmi kRSi tathA nivAsa donoMhIke ayogya mAnI jAtI hai| nadI, samudra yA sarovaroMke pAsavAlI sikatAhIna samatala urvarabhUmi hI kRSi tathA nivAsake yogya aura svAsthyakara hotI hai| 'kSIyate dhAnyAdibhiriti kSetram' jo bhUmi dhAnyAdi utpanna karake kSINa zakti hotI rahatI tathA vAraMvAra khAda mAMgatI rahatI hai vaha bhUmi kSetra yA kRSibhUmi kahAtI hai| pAThAntara- aprayatnAdeka kSetram / sAdhAraNa prayatnase eka hI kSetra annakI upaja de sakatA hai / Page #442 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dehakI vizAlatA jayakA sAdhana nahIM 415 (kSudra ke bharose balavAnse mata bigADo) eraNDamavalambya kuMjaraM na kopayet // 452 / / sArazUnya adRDha eraNDakA Azraya lekara mahAkAya hAthIko kupita na kre| vivaraNa- kSudra sahAreke bharose balavAna se na laDe / kSudra sAdhanase balavAnkA tADana nivartana, nigraha yA avarodha saMbhava nahIM hai kintu isase apanA hI mahAaniSTa ho sakatA hai| manuSya jaisA kArya karanA soce upsI prakArakI sAmagrI bhI to saMcita kare / laghu upAyase gurukArya na cheDa baitthe| jaise nakhanikRntanase vRkSaccheda asaMbhava hai isI prakAra ladhu upAyase guru. kAryakI sidvi bhasaMbhava hai / vRkSaccheda kuThArase hI saMbhava hai / ' A irati vAyumiti eraNDaH ' jo vAyukA vinAzaka vRkSa hai vaha eraNDa kahAlA hai / eraNDa tela tathA mUlakI tvacA atyanta vAyunAzaka hotI hai| (dehakI vizAlatA jayakA sAdhana nahIM) atipravRddhA zAlmalI vAraNastambo na bhavati // 453 // atyanta purAnA yA ati vizAla bhI zAlmalI hAthIkA bandhana nahIM banAyA jaataa| vivaraNa- jaise purAnA vizAla zAlmali makaThina tathA masAra honese hAthI bAMdhane yogya nahIM mAnA jAtA isI prakAra nirbala manavAle loga cAhe jitane samRddha aura hRSTapuSTa ho jAnepara bhI balavAnase Takkara lene yogya nahIM hote / manuSya meM balavadvirodhake liye antaHsAra ( arthAt mano. bala ) honA cAhiye / hArdika bala hI saMgrAmakI vizeSa yogyatA hai, bhujabala nahIM / medasvI sthUla kAya loga kRzakAya niroga logoMke sAtha yuddha cheDakara vijaya nahIM pA sakate / zAlmalIke viSayameM kiMvadantI hai 'paSThivarSasahasrANi vane Page #443 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 416 cANakyasUtrANi jIvati zAlmalI' zAlmalIkA vRkSa sATha hajAra varSataka jIvita rahatA hai| isIse zAlmalIkA dUsarA nAma 'sthirAyu ' bhI hai / pAThAntara- atipravRddhA zAlmalina vAraNastambaH / atidIrgho'pi karNikAro na musalI // 424 // jaise kanakacampA ( yA kanera ) cAhe jitanA lambA aura moTA hojAnapara bhI mUsala banAne ke kAma nahIM AtA, isI prakAra nirbala manavAleke pAsa cAhe jitane bhautika sAdhana hojAnepara bhI vaha valake kAma nahIM kara sakate / pAThAntara- na dIrgho'pi karNikAraH mUsalo bhavati / vizAlakAya bhI kanera mUsala nahIM bana sktaa| (nirbala manase balake kAma nahIM kiye jAte ) atidIpto'pi khadyoto na pAvakaH // 455 // jaise khadyota cAhe jitanA dIptimAna hone para bhI apane zaktivaikalyake kAraNa AgakA kAma nahIM de sakatA, isI prakAra nirvala manavAlAse balakA kAma nahIM huA krtaa| pAThAntara- atijvalito'pi khadyoto na pAvake niyujyate / jaise ati prajvalita bhI khadyota mAgake sthAnameM upayukta nahIM hotA, isI prakAra nirbaloMse bala ke kAma nahIM hote| ( baDoMkA guNI honA anivArya nahIM ) na pravRddhatvaM guNahetuH // 456 // kisIkA kisI bAtameM vRddhi pA jAnA usake guNI bhI hone kA pramANa yA sAdhaka nahIM hai / vivaraNa- kisokA avasthA dhana, vidyA, yaza Adise vRddhi pA jAnA atimAnya, yazasvI yA mahAvRddhisampanna hojAnA usake dhIratA, udaratA, Page #444 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ santAna mAtApitAke samAna 417 saMyama, kSamA Adi mAnavocita guNoMse guNI honekA pramANa nahIM hai| kaI loga avasthAvRddha, vidhAvRddha, dhanavRddha, yazovRddha, bhAgyavRddha yA saMyogavRddha honepara bhI atyanta nirguNa hote haiM / kaIvAra to dekhA gayA hai ki jahAM yaza hotA hai vahAM dhUrtatAkI ja. pAtAla taka gaharI calI gaI hotI haiN| yaza aura dhUrtatAkA prAyaH sAtha pAyA jAtA hai / baDappannoMke pIcha dhUrtatAke virATa aDDa pAye gaye haiM / apAdhAraNa dahika pradarzana, asAdhAraNa bhojanADaMbara, AtmabharitA, dikhAvaTI, tyAga, tapasyA aura muniveza dhokhakI TaTTiyAM pAI jAto haiM / isaliya manuSya ko ina yazovyavasAyI bar3e samajhe hue logoMse sAvadhAna rahanA caahiye| kisIkA bar3appana yA yaza dekhakara mavicArita rUpase usase prabhAvita nahIM hojAnA cAhiya / ghaniSTa nirIkSaNa ke pazcAt hI kisIkA vizvAsa karanA cAhiye / __ ( duSprakRtivAle mAravAna nahIM banate ) sujIrNo'pi picumando na zakulAyate // 457 / / jaise ati purAnA bhI nImakA kATha, lacitra ( cAkR ) banAne ke kAma nahIM AtA. isI prakAra duSTa prakRtike loga purAne paDakara bhI apanI sArahInatA nahIM choDa data aura sAravAna nahIM bana jAyA krte| vivaraNa-jaise kutte kI pUcha bAraha barasa nalakI meM rakkhI jAnepara bhI apanA TeDhApana nahIM tyAga detI isI prakAra guNahIna loga purAne hojAnese apane durabhyAsa nahIM tyAga dete / ( santAna mAtApitAke samAna ) yathA bIjaM tathA nippattiH // 458 / / jaisA bIja vaisA phala / vivaraNa-- jaisI jipakI kAraNazakti vaisA usakA phalAMvapAka / jaisI burI-bhalI maMtraNA vaisA hI kArya / jaise mAtA-pitA yA samAja vaise hI 27 (cANakya.) Page #445 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi bAlaka / jaise bologe vaisA kAToge / isaliye bIjako sadA zuddha nirdoSa banAkara rakhanA cAhiye / mAtApitA hI bAlakoMke bIja haiN| unake nirdoSa AcaraNa honese hI dezako U~ce manuSya milane saMbhava haiN| mAnavazizu jina yA jaise mAtApitAkI godameM utaratA hai usameM anivAryarUpameM unhIMke guNa Ate haiM / saMyamI asaMyamI mAtApitAke saMyamI asaMyamI santati hotI hai / 418 ( buddhi zikSAdIkSA ke anusAra ) yathAzrutaM tathA buddhiH // 459 // jaisI jisakI zikSA hotI hai vaisI usakI buddhi banatI hai / vivaraNa- isa kiye zikSA meM yaha dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hai ki vidyArthiyoMko bhrAnta itihAsa, bhrAnta vicAra, bhrAnta caritra, paDhAyA, sunAyA, sikhAyA yA dikhAyA hI na jaay| jina bAlakoMkI zikSAdIkSApara rASTrakA bhaviSya nirbhara hai unake cAritrika vikAsake viSaya meM kitanI baDI sAvadhAnIkI AvazyakatA hai ? yaha bAta zikSAzAstriyoMke socanekI hai| ( AcAra kulake anusAra ) yathAkulaM tathA''cAraH || 460 / / jaisA kula vaisA AcAra | vivaraNa - logoMke AcAra kulakI AcAraparamparA ke anusAra hote haiN| jo vaMza, dharma, guNa, gauravameM jitanA sampanna hotA hai, usa kulakA kikavyavahAra bhI usI prakArakA udAra hotA hai / usa kulameM pale bAlakakA udAra honA svAbhAvika hotA hai / AAcArake kulAcAra, ziSTAcAra, lokAcAra, syAcAra Adi aneka bheda hote haiM / isI abhiprAyase ' suta pitRguNaM dhatte dhatte mAtRguNaM sutA' kI lokokti pracalita hai / jisa kulake bar3e loga sUraja nikalane taka sote haiM, usa kulake bAlaka bhI sUraja nikalane taka soye par3e rahate haiN| jisa kulake bar3e loga khar3e hokara Page #446 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dhruva alpako mata tyAgo 419 mUtrotsarjana karate haiM usake bAlaka bhI khaDe hokara mUtra karane meM gaurava anubhava karate haiM / jisa kuTumbake bar3e loga eka thAlI meM eka dUsarekA jUThA khA lete aura eka pAtra meM jUThA pAnI pI lete haiM usa gharake bAlakoMko ucchiSTa bhojana, dhUmrapAna tathA ucchiSTapAnameM dhRNA nahIM rhtii| unheM patita rogiyoMkI jUThanakI saMbhAvanAvAle sAjheke bAjArU pAtroM meM peyapAna karane meM ghRNA nahIM rhtii| ( UMcese UMce vidyAlaya kulAcArase UMcA AcaraNa nahIM sikhA sakate ) saMskRtaH picumando na sahakAro bhavati / / 461 // jaise guDa Adike saMskAroMse saMskRta bhI nimbavRkSa apanI svabhAvika tiktatA tyAga kara AmravRkSa nahIM bana jAtA, isI prakAra durjana kisI prakAra bhI upadeza, pracAra Adi dvArA durja. natA tyAga kara sajana nahIM banatA / vivaraNa- manuSya apanI kulaparamparAse UMcAmAcaraNa nahIM kara sktaa| bAlakapanameM apane utpAdaka kulase sIkhA humA svabhAva saikaDoM yatnoMse bhI nahIM chaTatA / jaise miTTIke naye pAtra meM sabase pahale bharI huI vastakI gandha usake antaratama taka samA jAtI hai aura kabhI nahIM badalatI, isI prakAra bAlyAvasthAmeM sIkhe kauTumbika saMskAra aparivartanIya hote haiM / pAThAntara-susaMskRto'pi picumando na sahakAraH / ( adhruva mahAna ke liye dhruva alpako mata tyAgo ) na cAgataM sukhaM parityajet // 462 // dhruva alpasukhako anAgata adhruva bRhatake liye na tyaage| vivaraNa-manukUla vartamAnako tyAgakara bhanizcita bhAvIkI bhAzAse usake pIche daur3akara ubhayabhraSTa na bane / mAyA sukha na choDe / suavasara khonA nahIM cAhiye / suavasara gADhAndhakArameM prakAzadarzanake samAna durlabha Page #447 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi humA karate haiM / suavasara kabhI kabhI mAyA karate haiN| suavasara sadA prArthanIya aura sadA utpAdanIya hote haiN| parantu manuSyako sukhake bhramameM duHkhako nahIM apanA lenA caahiye| manuSya yaha jAne ki isa saMsArameM sukhakI mUrata lagAkara saMsArako Thagate phiranevAle duHkhoM kI nyUnatA nahIM hai| ( duHkha manuSyakI svecchAsvIkRta vyAdhi ) svayameva duHkhamadhigacchati // 463 // manuSya svayaM hI apane duHkhokA kAraNa banA karatA hai dUsarA nhiiN| vivaraNa-duHkha manuSya ke ajJAnase utpanna humA rogamAtra hai| manuSyako bAharavAlA koI duHkha detA hai yaha usakI mUDha dhAraNA hai| manuSya ke pAsa tatvajJAna nAmakI eka aisI kalA hai ki vaha saMsArabharake duHkhoM ko zarkarAlipta bhojyoM ke madhura bana jAne ke samAna sukharUpa meM parivartana kara detI hai| duHkhako sukha banAne kI jo kalA hai vahI to tatvajJAna hai / manuSya tasva. jJAnI na hone taka to duHkha bhogatA aura tatvajJAna hojAnepara duHkhake praznako samApta pAtA hai| yadi tatvajJAna hojAnepara bhI duHkhakA prazna samApta nahIM huA to nizcaya jAno ki tatvajJAna vAstavika nahIM hai| zrama yA dAnase lenA bhI lenA hai aura corIse lenA bhI lenA hai / lenA eka samAna honepara bhI eka lenA sukhakA kAraNa tathA dUsarA lenA duHkhakA kAraNa hotA hai| ucita mArgase Aye dhanase manuSya sukha pAtA tathA ana. dhikArapUrvaka ( arthAt corI, mAyA, vaMcanA mAdi garhita upAyoMse ) Aye dhanase apanI hI bhUloMse duHkha bhogatA hai| lenA samAna honepara bhI lenekI durnItise duHkha tathA lenekI sunItise sukha hotA hai / lenekI durnI. tise honevAlA duHkha use kisI dUsareke denese nahIM hotaa| isa duHkhakA to manuSya svayaM hI vidhAtA hai / sacamuca manuSya svayaM hI apane acche bure bhAgyakA ekamAtra vidhAtA hai / Page #448 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ rAtribhramaNa akartavya 401 ( jIvanakA UMcA mApadaNDa manuSya ke sukhakA vinAzaka ) ( adhika sUtra ) svayameva duHkhamadhigacchati rAjacaryAt / manuSya apanI ghanazaktise adhika rAjAoMke ADambara (ThAThabATa ) banAkara apanA vyaya baDhAkara apane Apako duHkhoM meM phaMsA letA hai | manuSyakA bhAga apane hI hAthameM surakSita yA arakSita rahatA hai 1 etadevAtra pANDityaM yadAyAdalpataro vyayaH / caturAI to yaha hai ki vyaya Ayase nyUna ho / yaH kAkinImadhyathapraNaSTAM samuddhare niSkasahasratulyAm / kAleSu koTiSvapi muktahastastaM rAjasiMhaM na jahAti lakSmI / // jo kauDIko bhI kumArga se naSTa na hone dekara sahasra suvarNa mudrAoMkI bhAMti bacAtA aura yogya samaya Anepara karoDo mudrAoMko muktahasta hokara vyaya kara detA hai lakSmI usa rAjasiMhako kabhI nahIM tyAgatI / ( rAtribhramaNa akartavya ) na rAtricAraNaM kuryAt // 464 || rAtri meM bhramaNa na kare / vivaraNa - rAtrimeM nizAcara duzcaritra manuSya tathA hiMsra pazu niHzaMka hokara vicaraNa karate haiM isalie rAtri bhramaNase prANasaMkaTa hosakatA hai / rAtri meM samAgata vipattiko dikhAnevAlA prakAza tathA sahAyakoMkA sAnnidhya na honese usa samaya vipatti manuSyako sahasA pakar3a letI hai aura rAtrikAlIna asAvadhAnatA se apratikArya ho jAtI hai| rAtri meM vipaddhAraka sahAyakoM kA milanA bhI prAyaH kaThina hotA hai| rAtribhramaNa se zarIra meM vAyukopa, agnimAndya, rUkSatA aura svAsthyahAni hotI hai / Page #449 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 422 cANakyasUtrANi ( rAtri jAgaraNa akartavya ) na cArdharAtraM svapeyAt / / 465 / / AdhI rAta bitAkara na soye / vivaraNa - rAtrike prathama yAma bItanepara so jAnA cAhiye tathA eka yAma rAtri rahate jAga uThanA cAhiye kevala madhyake yAmoMmeM sonA cAhiye / brAhma muhUrta meM uThanA atyAvazyaka honese manuSya pahale prathama yAmase adhika na jAge / ' brAhme muhUrte yA nidrA sA puNyakSayakAriNI' brAhma muhU kI nIMda puNyakSaya karanevAlI hai| AdhI rAta taka jAgate rahane se dinameM sonA anivArya hojAtA hai jo svAsthya ke liye hitakara nahIM hai / dinameM sonA Ayurveda meM prAyaH samasta rogakA kAraNa batAyA gayA hai / divAnidrA se bacaneke liye prathama yAmase adhika nahIM jAganA cAhiye / pAThAntara - na cArdharAtraM svapyAt / svapyAt pATha vyAkaraNasaMgata hai / ( jIvanAcAra kulavRddhoM se sIkho ) tadvidbhiH parIkSeta // 466 // kaba sonA, kaba jAganA, kaba khAnA tathA kaba calanA yukta hai, ye bAteM anubhavI kulavRddhoM, saMbhrAnta vidvAnoMse siikhe| vivaraNa - bhavicArazIla loga apanI dainika caryAmeM yatheccha vyavahAra karake mirantara rogI rahate aura kleza pAte haiM / yuktAhAravihArasya yuktaceSTasya karmasu / yuktasvapnAvabodhasya yogo bhavati duHkhahA // ( bhagavadgItA ) parimita bhAhAra vihAra karanevAle yukta karma, yukta jAgaraNa tathA yukta zayana karanevAle ke pAsa duHkhanAzakI kalA kA basatI hai / pAThAntara - na tadviparIkSeta / dinacaryAsaMbandhI kartavyAkartavyakI parIkSA meM hAnikara viruddha nirNaya na kara baiThe / yaha pATha apapATha hai / Page #450 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ asaMyamane samAjakA bhraSTAcAra 423 ( paragRhapraveza akartavya ) paragRhamakAraNato na pravizet // 467 // vinA ucita kAraNa tathA vinA vaidha adhikArake dUsareke ghara meM praveza na kare / vivaraNa - manuSya gRhasvAmI kI pravezAjJA, pragADha paricaya yA supuSTa vizvAsa honepara hI para-gRha-praveza kare / ina paristhitiyoMke vinA paragRha-praveza saMkaTapUrNa tathA apamAnakArI hotA hai / ghara to upalakSaNa hai / dUsareke sthAna, dravya, zasya-kSetra, udyAna Adi meM bhI pravezAnumati pAye vinA jAnA anucita hai| inameM pravezakA artha inameM se kucha lenA hai | ananumata, bhadatta, bhavaidha, svakhaddIna vastuko lenA corI hai / dharmazAstrakAra to paradravya curAnekI bhAvanAko bhI corImeM ginate haiM / pApa bhAvanA meM hI hotA hai karmameM nahIM / 1 ( asaMyamane samAjako bhraSTAcArI banA diyA hai ) jJAtvApi doSameva karoti lokaH || 468 || loga apanI satya svAbhAvika buddhise apane kAmako burA samajhate hue bhI paradravya- haraNAdi rUpa aparAdha kara baiThate haiM / vivaraNa - yahAMtaka ki rAjyasaMsthAko hathiyA baiThanevAle dezake ginecune coTI ke loga bhI rAjyAdhikArakA AsvAda cakhate hI apanI maryAdA bhUla jAte haiM aura rASTrakI dharohara ke cora, DAkU, luTere, lampaTa, Thaga banane meM rAjazaktikA jAnabUjhakara durupayoga karake vidhAnakA bhaMga karate, saMvidhAnakI pratijJAko padadalita karate, 'payomukha viSakumbha' banakara janatAko jhUThe AzvAsana de dekara mithyAcAra karate haiM / 1 ye loga janatA ke avizvAsa bhAjana bananekA koI Dara nahIM mAnate / ye janatA ke apane durAcAroMse paricita hojAnepara bhI nirlaja hokara dhuA~dhAra vyAkhyAna de dekara apane mu~ha miyA~ miTThU banate phirA karate haiM / ye loga Page #451 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 424 cANakyasUtrANi apane hAthoM meM mA phaMsI huI bAsurI zaktike ghamaMDameM bhAkara lokaniMdAkA ra nahIM mAnate / ye loga janamata vyavasAyI cATukAra patrakAroMke stutilekhoMko hI apane rAjyAdhikArakA samarthaka tathA janamatako dabAkara rakhane. vAlI bhavyartha zakti mAnakara nirbhara hokara yatheccha atyAcAra karake prajAko jarjarita kara DAlate haiM / manuSya pahale to duSTa svabhAva banA letA hai aura phira sasa svabhAvake adhIna hokara usIkA dInadAsa banakara rahane lagatA hai| yaha mAnavajIvanakA kaisA nikRSTa pahala hai ki vaha jAnatA hubhA bhI durAbhyAsavaza pApameM hAtha DAlanese apaneko rokatA nahIM hai / mAnava kaisA niHsAra, kitanA pAmara, kitanA tuccha aura kitanA ghRNya bana cukA hai ki apane mApako bhUla karane se rokanekA satsAhasa taka khobaiThA hai| bhale burekI pahacAna to saba ho manuSyoMko hai / phira bhI saMsArameM bhalA karane tathA burA choDanekI subaddhikA prAyaH abhAva pAyA jAtA hai / loga jAnate aura bhalI prakAra jAnate haiM ki dUsareke ghara, udyAna, kSetra AdimeM vinA ucita adhikArake nahIM jAnA cAhiye phira bhI jAte haiN| loga jAnate haiM ki rAjazaktiko hAthameM lekara rAjyAdhikArakA durupayoga karake usase vyaktigata svArthIkA sAdhana nahIM karanA cAhiye, phira bhI loga kAryA. rthiyoMpara rAjazaktikA dabAva dekara anyAyapUrvaka upArjana karanA nahIM chorate / mAnavakI yaha pravRtti mAnavajAti ke bhayaMkara adhaHpatanakA duSTa udA. haraNa hai| isakA artha huA ki sAdhAraNa mAnava apane Uparase saMyama khobaiThA hai| phalaM pApasya necchanti pApaM kurvanti ytntH| phalaM puNyasya cecchanti puNyaM necchanti mAnavAH // loga pApake phaloMse to ghRNA karate parantu pApa baDe yatnase karate haiN| loga puNyoMkA phala to cAhate haiM parantu puNya karanA nahIM cAhate / sociye to sahI ki mAnavakA kitanA adhaHpatana hocukA hai| Page #452 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ lokAcArakA AdhAra (lokAcArakA AdhAra ) zAstrapradhAnA lokavRttiH // 469 // lokAcAra zAstrake AdhArapara hI pracalita hue haiN| vivaraNa-logoMko cAhiye ki ve svecchAcAra-mUlaka pravRttiyoM ko hAnikAraka samajhakara unase bacakara raheM / zAstravidhike anupAra kAryAkArya. viveka karake kAryoM meM pravRtta hoN| zAstra tIna prakArakA hai pahalA zAstra- RgAdizAstra / santoM ke nazvara dezakA anta hojAne para bhI unake anubhavoM se lAbha uThAte rahane ke liye zAstroMkI maSTi huI hai| bhrama, pramAda, vipralipsA ina tIna doSoM se hIna hokara likhI gaI pustake zAstrazreNI meM AtI haiN| dUsarA zAstra- 'tadvidvadbhiH parIkSeta' meM varNita hai| vyavahArapAraM. gata jJAnavRddhoMkA jIvita anubhava bhI zAstra kahatA hai / / tIsarA zAstra- palaM hi zAstramindriya jayaH' meM varNita huaA hai / apanI indriyoMkI bhogAbhilASAoM yA kaNDatiyoMkA manuSyapara mAdhipatya meM hokara una manapara manuSya ke vivekakA hI pUrA pUrA bhAdhipatya ho aura usakI indriyazaktiyoM kA jIvana-yAtrAmeM kevala sadupayoga hI sadupayoga ho, yaha bhI eka mahAn jIvita zAstra hai / mAnavakI pravRtti ina tInoM prakAra ke zAstroke pUrNa niyantraNameM ho isI meM usakA kalyANa hai| bodhAyanake zamoMme ziSTa ve haiM jo vedaha rAgadveSAdi-parityAgI, IrSyA, ahaMkAra, kapaTa, lobha, tRSNA, zaMkA, krodhase hIna haiM / jo dasa dina mAtra anase santuSTa hai, Izvara-bhAna, pitRmAtR-bhakti karate haiN| zAnta prakRti haiM / svataMtratA- priya haiM / asUyA kaTupanase atIta spaSTabhASI, kRtajJa, dhArmika tathA sthira haiM ve ziSTa kahAte haiN| ziSTa vahI hai jisake mAnasika, vAcika tathA kAyika AcaraNa mAThoM pahara vyarthatAke kalaMka se mukta rahate haiN| jisakA eka bhI mAcaraNa nyarthatAke lapeTa meM A jAtA hai vaha kadApi ziSTa nahIM hai| pAThAntara-zAstrapraghAnA lokapravRttiH / lokakI pravRti zAstramadhAna honI caahiye| Page #453 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi ( zAstrAbhAvameM ziSTAcAra hI zAstra) zAstrAbhAve ziSTAcAramanugacchet // 470 // jise zAstrakA jJAna na ho yA jisakA vivecya viSaya zAstra meM avarNita ho vaha ziSTAcArako maane| vivaraNa- sUtra kahanA cAhatA hai ki zruti, smRti, itihAsa, purANa, dharmazAstra na jAnanevAle loga dharmiSTha vidvAnoM ke AcaraNoMko hI zAstropadezake samAna pramANa mAnakara tadanusAra AcaraNa kreN| manuSya jAne ki dhArmika logoMke AcaraNa hI to zAstroM meM likhe hue haiM / isIliye dharmazAstroM meM varNita ziSTAcAra, kulAcAra, dezAcAra, stryAcAra Adi dharma meM pramANa mAne haiN| na pANipAdacapalo na netracapalo muniH / na ca vAgbhaMgacapalo iti ziSTasya lakSaNam // ziSTa ve haiM jinake hAtha, paira, netra, vANI Adi capala na hokara mAnava. jIvanake lakSya meM pUrNa saMyata haiM / ziSTa ve haiM jo na manadhikRta kAmameM hAtha lagAte, na anadhikRta sthAnapara paira rakhate, na pApadaSTi se kisIko dekhate aura na kisIse asaMyata bhASaNa karate haiN| ziSToMkA samAjako dharmabhAvanA sikhAnekA jo mahAn uttaradAyitva hai use dhyAnameM rakhakara ve loga mati sAvadhAna jIvana bitAte haiN| (ziSTAcAra zAstrase adhika mAnya ) nAcaritAcchAstraM garIyaH // 471 / / zAstrakA mahatva ziSTAcArase adhika nahIM hai| vivaraNa- zAstrakA vyAvahArika rUpa hI to ziSTAcAra hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki zAstra aura ziSTAcArake virodha ziSTAcAra hI prAmANika aura anu. saraNIya mAnA jAtA hai / zAstra logoMko itanA nahIM sikhAtA jitanA ziSTA. cAra sikhAtA hai| zAstrAnabhijJa loga bhI ziSTAcAra-paramparAke anusAra dhArmika jIvana bitAte cale jAte haiM / ziSTAcAra zAstra-jJAna prApta na kara Page #454 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ saMsAra meSamanovRtti hai sakane vAloMkA mArgadarzaka hotA hai| ziSTAcAra jIvita zAsa hai / yaha samAjarUpI jIvita granthake bhAcaraNarUpI pRSThoMpara lipibaddha hokara mamiTa zAstra banA rahatA hai| (rAjAkI dUradarzitAkA sAdhana ) dUrasthamapi cAracakSuH pazyati raajaa|| 472 // rAjA apane dUtoMkI AMkhose dUra dUra deza-videzakI bAteM samIpasthake samAna jAna letA hai| vivaraNa- gauveM gandhase, manuSya mAMkhase, vidvAn buddhise aura rAjA dUtoMse dekhA karate haiN| gAvo gandhana pazyanti vedaiH pazyanti brAhmaNaH / cAraiH pazyanti rAjAnazcakSuAmitare janAH // gauveM gandhase khAdyAkhAdya pahacAnatI, brAhmaNa vedase kartavya pahacAnate, rAjA cAroM ( guptacaroM, dUtoM) se rASTra pararASTra kI vastusthiti ko samajhate tathA sAdhAraNa loga mAMkhoMse apanA gantavya mArga pahacAnate haiM / ( saMsAra mepamanovRtti hai ) gatAnugatiko lokaH // 473 / / sAdhAraNa loka (vicArazIla na hokara ) gatAnugatika (bheDA cAla ) hotA hai| vivaraNa- buddhimAn loga prakRta viSayapara pUrNa vicAra kara, ahitakara mArga tyAgakara hitakarako apanAte haiM / mUDha loga prakRta viSayapara svayaM koI vicAra na karake, dUsareke cAhe yA kahe anusAra AcaraNa karate haiN| unake pAsa vastu-viveka karanevAlI buddhi nahIM hotI / ve saba kucha saMsArakI dekhAdekhI karate haiN| ve ghuDadauDake ghoDoMke samAna lokapravAhameM daurA karate haiN| Page #455 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi kAlakrameNa jagataH privrtniiyaa| cakrArapaMktiriva gacchati lokapaMktiH // (bhAravi ) bhAge pIche paMkti (DAra ) banAkara uDamevAle sArasa pakSiyoMke samAna loga pravAhake pIche dauDA karate haiM, ve saba kucha loka dRSTAntoMko hI AdhAra banAkara karate haiM / loka hI unakA zAstra hotA hai| saMsArameM devI aura mAsurI do prakArakI pravRttiyA~ sadAse calI bhArahIM haiN| zubhapravAhameM pravAhita honevAle loga zubhakarmI aura azubhapravAhameM pravAhita honevAlI prajA azubhakarmI ho jAtI hai / sarvasAdhAraNake liye vicArapUrvaka kAma karanA zakya nahIM hotA / sAdhAraNa prANI socakara kAma nahIM karatA / vaha to karake socatA hai / karake socanekA pariNAma pazcAttApa aura duHkha hotA hai| parantu sAdhAraNa janatAke pAsa isa duHkhadAyI mArgase bacanekI buddhi nahIM hotI aura vaha duHkha-paramparAmeM hI ulajhI paDI rahatI hai / jo vyakti svayaM hitAhitavicArase zUnya hai usake gatAnugatikatAse zubhakarmA dIkhanepara bhI usake zubha caritrakA, jJAnapUrvaka na banAkara akasmAt koI sAkRti banA DAlanevAle ghuna (kITa ) ke nirmita mAkArake samAna tabataka koI mUlya nahIM hai jabataka vaha svayaM vicAravAn banakara zubhAzubhameMse azu. bhako jAnabUjhakara tyAgakara zubhako jAnabUjhakara nahIM apanAtA / samAja ke vivekI loga hI gatAnugatika samAjako sanmArga dikhAne ke uttaradAyI hote haiM / jaba kahIM gatAnugatika logoM ko kumArgagAmI hotA pAmo vahIM samajha jAo ki isa dezakA vivekI samAja apane Apako samAjake sAmane lAnemeM asamartha hI rahA hai aura use sanmArga dikhAne ke dhokese kartavyabhraSTa karanevAle kapaTa mahAramA loga gupta banakara naiSkarmyakA mithyA santoSa bhoga rahe haiM / samAjake vivekI loga samAjakI sampatti hote haiM / vivekitAkA dama bharanevAle logoMko sAmAjika cAritrika hAni karanekA koI bhAdhikAra nahIM hai / sacce vivekioMkI vivekitAko samAjasevAmeM upayukta karAnA samAjakA vaidha adhikAra hai / isako vivekIke Page #456 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ saMsAra meM buddhimAnakA kartavya kandhoMpara caDhA huA RSi RNa kahA jAtA hai / samAjameM vivekakI paraMparA pravAhita kiye binA vivekI loga isa RNase uRNa nahIM ho sakate / jaba labdha- pratiSTha gatAnugatikoM ko sanmArga-pradarzanakA kartavya karanevAle vivekI loga vilupta ho jAte haiM, taba kevala sAdhAraNa janatA hI nahIM rAjazakti bhI kumArgagAmI hokara lokacaritrako kaluSita karane lagatI hai / aise prAmAdika avasaroM para vivekI logoMkI sAmarthyAdhIna kartavya - zIlatA hI samAjakI dhruva-jyoti hotI hai| aise samaya rASTrake vivekI logoMkA kartavya hotA hai ki ve apanI saMgaThita zaktise rAjazaktiko sudhArane ke liye sudRDha avyartha upAyoMko kAmameM lAyeM / yadi samAjake vivekI kahalAnevAle loga bhI rAjazaktiko sudhAraneke liye Age na bar3heM to unheM bhI mAsurikatA ke samarthaka kartavyamUDha avivekiyoM kI asura-zreNImeM sammilita honekA aparAdhI samajhanA cAhiye / nIrakSIra viveke haMsAlasyaM tvameva tanuSe cet / vizvasminnadhunAnyaH kulavataM pAlayiSyati kaH // 429 o rAjahaMsa ! yadi nIrakSIra vivekameM tU hI Alasya karane lagegA to batA saMsAra meM aura kauna kuruvrata pA legA ? (meSamanovRtti saMsAra meM buddhimAnakA kartavya ) (adhika sUtra ) jIvibhistasminnAjIvet / apane mAnavajanma kI saphalatA cAhanevAle manuSya mAnavajIviyoM arthAt bhojana- bhoga-parAyaNa, udarambhari logoM kI zreNI ke sAtha milakara apane jIvanako gatAnugatikatAmeM pravAhita na ho jAne deN| apane jIvanako saphala karanekA icchuka manuSya apane pratyeka karmake zubhAzubha pariNAmoMpara pUrNa satarka dRSTi rakhakara karma se Atma-kalyANakI saMbhAvanAke sunizcita honepara hI kisI karmako apanAye / Page #457 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 430 cANakyasUtrANi vivaraNa- manuSyakI prakRti sase sadA hI karma karanekI preraNA detI rahatI hai| manuSya cAhe yA na cAhe karma to use vivaza hokara karanA hI paratA hai| use to kevala karmakI nIti-nirdhAraNa karane kI svataMtratA hai| vicArazIla manuSyako apanI karma karanekI pravRttipara apane mAnava-jIvanake lakSyakA pUrNa niyaMtraNa rakhakara hI apanI karmapravRttiko vyAvahArika rUpa lene denA cAhiye, nahIM to apanI usa lakSya-virodhI karma karane kI pravRttiko lakSyAnukUla mArgameM parivartita kara DAlanA cAhiye aura lakSyAruDha rahanA caahiye| (svAminindA akartavya ) yamanujIvettaM nApavadeta // 474 // manuSya apane upajIvya (jisake sahAre jIvikArjana karatA ho usa ) kI nindA na kre| vivaraNa-- aisA karanese jIvikAkA gyAghAta hotA hai / yaha samasta saMsAra dhana, puNya, dharma, jIvikA bhAdike prasaMgoMmeM upakArya-upakAraka tathA UMcamIca bhAvase paraspara ba~dhA rahakara hI nirvighna cala sakatA hai| upajInyakI vindAse upajIvi tathA upajImyakA yaha saMbaMdha TUTakara jIvanayAtrAkA vighna bana jAtA hai| aise aniSTakArI prasaMgoMse bacanekA ekamAtra upAya vAksaMyama hai| kyA bolanA, kyA nahIM bolanA ! yaha pariNAma taka soce binA eka bhI vAkya na bolanese isa prakArake saMkaTokI utpatti svayameva ruka jAtI hai| vANIpara vijaya pAnese manuSya vizva-vijaya pA letA hai| yadIcchasi vazIkartuM jagadekena krmnnaa| parApavAdasasyebhyo gAM carantI nivAraya // yadi tuma eka hI kAmase vizva-vIkAra karanA cAho to apanI vANIrUpI gauko paranindArUpI dUSita sasya mata khAne do| Page #458 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ iMdriyanigraha jIvana kI vizeSatA ___431 (indriyanigraha jIvanakI paramavizeSatA ) tapAsAra indriyanigrahaH // 475 // jitendriyatA hI tapasyAkI sAra ( sarvasva nicoDa, jAna yA prANa ) hai| vivaraNa- manuSyoMkI, logoMkI tathA rAjakarmacAriyoM kI jJAnendriya tathA karmendriya unake kartavya-pAlanameM vighna DAlanevAlI moga-lAlasAnoM kI pUrNa upekSA karane lagI hoM, ve apanI bAlasAoM ko kartavya-pAlanakA vighna na banane detI hoM, ve unheM kartavya-pAlanase rokane meM asaphala hone kagI hoM, yahI una ( rAjyAdhikAriyoM ) kI ( japa, tapa, yoga, dhyAna, bhajana, kIrtanarUpI) samasta tapasyAbhoMkA nicoDa hai| yadi manuSyoM rAjakarmacAriyoM yA logoM ke jIvana meM kartavya hAra yA daba gayA ho aura bhogalAlasA yA indriya. lolupatA prabala ho gaI ho to unakI sArI tapasyA phUTI kauDIke bhI mUkhyakI nahIM rhtii| vane'pi doSAH prabhavanti rAgiNAM / gRhe'pi paMcendriyanigrahastapaH // anutsite karmaNi yaH pravartate / nivRttarAgasya gRhaM tapovanam // anindriyavijayI viSayAnurAgI loga voMke ekAntoM meM bhI doSoM kI krIDAsthalI bana jAte haiN| yadi manuSya gharameM rahakara yA jIvanarakSArtha udyoga karatA huA indriyoMpara vazIkAra pAkara rahe aura unheM apane siddhAntakA vadha na karane de to vaha tapa kara rahA hai / jo manuSya anindita mAcaraNa kara rahA hai aura gyavahArako hI paramArtha banAnemeM lagA huA hai usa nivRttarAga puruSakA to pArivArikoMse bharapUra ghara hI ekAnta tapobhUmi bana jAtA hai| __ tapovana kisIko tapasvI nahIM banA detaa| tapovanameM jA basanese koI tapasvI nahIM bana jaataa| kintu tapasvI loga samAja-kalyANakArI kartavya ke mAhvAnase jaba jahAM jAte aura rahate haiM taba vahIM unakA tapovana bana jAtA Page #459 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 432 cANakyasUtrANi hai / jo tapovana samAja-kalyANarUpI kartavya se hIna hote haiM ve tapovana kahAnevAla sthAna bhI svacchAcArI patita jIvanakI lIlAbhUmi hote haiM / cANakya ke strI-sambandhI agrimasUtra aparAdhI, AkrAnta, pIDita, manAtha, sthAnacyuta striyoMse prasaMga paDanevAle gajakarmacAriyoMkI bhoga-lolupatAke saMbandhameM sAvadhAna vANIke rUpameM likhe jA rahe haiN| mantagAmI vicAra ja kara sakanevAlA manuSya-samudAya stro-sukhase mAbaddha rahatA hai / rAjyazakti hAthameM bhAjAnepara isa sUkhecchAke ucchRkhala, ucchAsra, unmaryAda ho jAnekI pUrI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| isIliye UparavAle sUtroMmeM indriyanigraha kI mahimA gAI jA cukI hai| usIke pazcAt indriyAdhIna hone ke prasaMgoMse rokane ke liye agale sUtroM ko mAnA paDa rahA hai| sAMsArika sukha icchAmAgrase prApta nahIM hote / ghe icchA honepara bhI durlabha tathA saMkaTapUrNa hote haiN| manuSyakA saccA indriya-sukha indriya-saMyamameM hI chipA rahatA hai, asaMyamameM nhiiN| manuSya indriyasukhako bhI indriya-nigrahase hI prApta kara sakatA hai, bhoga-lolupatAse nhiiN| ajJAna-vijaya hI jJAnAnaMda hai| lolupa loga saMyata aihika sukhoMse vaMcita hojAte haiN| pAThAntara-- tatsAra indriyanigrahaH / __ jIvikA calAne yA jIvana dhAraNa karanekA sAra arthAt mahatva indriya. nigraha hI hai| yauvanaM dhanasaMpattiH prabhutvamavivekitA / ekaikamapyanarthAya kimu yatra catuSTayam // yauvana, ezvarya, prabhutva aura aviveka ina cAroM meM se eka bhI kisIke pAsa ho to vahI mahA anartha kara DAlatA hai / jisake pAsa saMyogase cAroM ikaTra ho jAe~ to usake vinAza bhora asaphala ho jAnemeM koI sandeha nahIM hai| aviveka sarvAvasthAmeM anarthakArI hai| avivekIkA yauvana, dhana yA prabhutA usakI duSpravRttiyoMko hI sAdhana banatI hai / ina saba dRSTiyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara ina bhagrima sUtroMkA abhiprAya samajhanA cAhiye / inheM strI. nindAke rUpa meM lenA abhiprAya viruddha hogaa| Page #460 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pApoM tathA utpAtoMkA mUla 433 ( asAdhAraNa manobalakA kAma ) durlabhaH strIbandhanAnmokSaH // 476 // strIsaMbandhI bhogakA bandhana sammukha Anepara usase apaneko bacA sakanA asAdhAraNa manobala aura tapasyAkA kAma hai / vedhA dvedhA bhramaM cakre kAntAsu kanakeSu ca / tAsu teSvapyanAsaktaH sAkSAdbhargo narAkRtiH // vedhAne kAntA aura kanaka do sthAnoM meM bhramakA AdhAna kiyA hai| unameM kAntA aura kAMcanameM anAsakta mAnava mAnava nahIM narAkRti mahAdeva haiN| yadi rAjyazakti - sampanna loga apane ko isa bandhana se bacAkara nahIM rakkheM to unake mAnavasvake sammAnakA naSTa honA tathA unakA rAjyase bhraSTa ho jAnA anivArya hai | rAjakAjI loga apane jIvana meM bhogapakSako upekSApakSa meM rakhakara hI saphala zAsaka bana sakate haiM / ( strIbandhana samasta pApoM tathA utpAtoM kA mUla ) strInAma sarvAzubhAnAM kSetram // 477 // strI sarvAzubhakA kSetra hai / strIsaMparka samasta prakArakI vipattiyoM, zatrutAoM tathA pAtityoMkA kAraNa vana jAtA hai / vivaraNa - rAmAyaNakI ghaTanA, mahAbhAratakA gRha kalaha, pRthvirAjajayacandroM kA vinAza tathA yavanoMke kholobhase aneka vAra vidhvasta huaa| rAjasthAna isakA sAkSI hai / isaliye yaha sUtra rAjyasaMsthAmeM kAma karanebAloMse kahanA cAhatA hai ki rAjyasaMsthA tathA rAjyasaMsthAkA nirmAtA rASTra zrIkAraNoMse AnevAlI vipattiyoM se bace rahane ke liye khIjAti ke saMbaMdha meM apane kartavya ke viSaya meM pUrNa saceta rahe / yadi manuSyasamAja strIjAtiko ajJAnAndhakArameM rakhakara unheM bhogasAdhanamAtra banAye rakhakara unheM apane dAthakI kaThaputalI banAye rakkhegA, to isase jahA~ deza pathabhraSTa hogA vahA~ 28 (cANakya. ) Page #461 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 434 cANakyasUtrANi puruSasamAja svayaM bhI pathabhraSTa hokara bhraSTA striyoMke hAthoM kI kaThaputalI bane vinA nahIM rhegaa| manuSyasamAjakA prAcIna tathA arvAcIna itihAsa yA to strIlobha yA strIpreraNAke kAraNa utpanna huI rASTrIya, sAmAjika, pArivArika tathA vyaktigata vinAzoM yA kalahoM ghaTanAoMse bharA par3A hai| isakA ekamAtra pratikAra yahI hai ki manuSyasamAjameM jJAnakA pracAra kiyA jAya aura use vyaktigata kalyANako sAmAjika kalyANameM vilIna karanA sikhA diyA jAya / bhyaktigata kalyANako sAmAjika kalyANameM vilona kara denA ho manuSyatAkA saMrakSaka Adarza hai| na ca strINAM puruSaparIkSA / / 478 // strINAM manaH kSaNikam // 479 // pAThAntara-strINAM hi manaH kSaNikamekasminna tisstthti| (vicAradharmA logoMkA striyoMse kartavyamAtrakA saMbandha ) azubhadveSiNaH strISu na prasaktAH (prasaktiH) // 480 // azubhadveSI arthAt samAjahitameM apanA hita samajhanevAle loga straiNa na bneN| vivaraNa- ve striyoM meM mAsakta na hokara unake sAtha kevala kartavyakA saMbandha rakkheM / strI-prasaktise bace rahanese manuSyatA, yaza tathA suprajA prApta hotI hai aura buddhi prakhara ho jAtI hai| atyAsaktise strIpuruSa donoM patita hojAte haiN| pAThAntara- azubhavezAH strISu na prazastAH / (AtmavettA hI vedajJa haiM) yajJaphalajJAstrivedavidaH // 481 // trivedavida arthAt vedaza ve loga haiM jo samasta yazoMke phala ( phalasvarUpa paramezvara, aupaniSad puruSa yA AtmasvarUpa) ko ThIka-ThIka pahacAna cuke haiN| Page #462 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sukhokI asthAyitA vivaraNa- jo loga Atmatatvako nahIM samajhate, ve kisI bhI prakAra vedajJa nahIM haiM / dhanya haiM ve loga jinake javinasatra (yajJa) kA rUpa dhAraNa karake bekI TIkA yA bhASyarUpa hokara saMsArake logoMke sAmane pAThya jJAna - granthoMkA kA rUpa lekara rahane lage haiM / aise logoM ke jIvana saMsArAndhakAra meM bhaTakanevAle logoMke liye jJAnadIpakA kAma karate haiN| isa sUtrameM atharvavedako RgyajuH sAmameM antarbhAva karake cAroM vedoMko triveda kahA hai / pratyakSeNAnumityA vA yastUpAyo na budhyate karanevAlA jo taM vidanti tu vedena tasmAd vedasya vedatA // vedakA vedasva isI bAta hai ki mAnava- -jIvanako saphala upAya pratyakSa yA anumAnase na jAnA jAsake vaha usase jJAna liyA jAya / vyavahAra meM zuddhi svarUpa-bodha ( ki maiM kauna hU~, dUsare kauna haiM, saMsAra kyA hai ? inase mere kyA saMbandha haiM yaha bAta ThIka samajha lene) se hI mAnavajIvana saphala hotA hai / Izvarabodhase hI jIvana meM pavitratA bhAtI hai / Izvara mAnavajIvanako anivArya AvazyakatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki saMsArabhara meM IzvarakI kalpanA pAI jAtI hai| mAnavajIvanako manuSyatAmeM DhAlanekA jo sAMcA hai vahI to Izvara hai / jisa samAjakI jaisI IzvarakalpanA hotI hai usa samAjakA vaisA hI caritra hotA hai / manuSya kI IzvarakalpanAmeM jahAM doSa raha jAtA hai vahIM usa samAjakA caritra dUSita hojAtA hai / isakA artha yaha huaa| ki saMsArakI jo jAti Aja caritrahIna haiM unakI IzvarakalpanAmeM hI dUSaNa hai 1 435 ( sukhoMkI asthAyitA ) svargasthAnaM na zAzvatam ( yAvatpuNyaphalam ) // 482 // karmopArjita daihika sukhabhoga sadA nahIM rahA karate / vivaraNa- ve usa dina naSTa hojAte haiM jisa dina use denevAle puNya bhogAnukUla karmoMkA prabhAva kSINa hojAtA hai / mAnava sukha-bhoga samApta Page #463 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 436 cANakyasUtrANi honepara apaneko duHkhamagna nirAzraya avasthAmeM pAtA hai| bhautika sukhanAzake pazcAt nirAzAko ghora aMdherI rAteM avicArazIla manuSyake sAmane mA khaDI hotI haiM / aise samaya yadi manuSyake nirAzAse TUkaTUka honevAle bhamahRdayako bacAnevAlI koI zAzvata vastu isa saMsArameM hai to vaha bhAratIya RSiyoMkA DhUMDhA hubhA mAramasvarUpakA parijJAna ho hai / ise pA lenepara phira manuSyako hatAza, nirAza, duHkhI aura sAhasahIna honA nahIM pdd'taa| pArama. svarUpako jAna lenA hI AtmAko pA lenA hai / jJAnArjita amriyamANa sukha hI zAzvata pada hai / isIke viSayameM zrImadbhagavadgItAmeM kahA hai - nehAbhikamanAzo'sti pratyavAyo na vidyate / svalpamapyasya dharmasya trAyate mahato bhayAt / svarUpajJAna aisA jJAna hai jo prAraMbha to hotA hai parantu phira naSTa honA nahIM jAnatA / svarUpAvabodhake isa mArgameM pApa,tApa Adi nAmoMvAle duHkha nahIM rhte| isa dharmakA thoDAsA bhI AcaraNa manuSyako ajJAnarUpI mahA. bhayaMkara saMsAra-bhaya se bacA letA hai / pAThAntara- svargasthAnaM na zAzvatam / ( bhogAnukUla karmake prabhAvakA kAla ) ( adhika sUtra ) yAvatpuNyaphalaM tAvadeva svargaphalam / jabataka puNyaphala bhogAnukUla karmakA prabhAva rahatA hai tabataka ho svargaphala ( bhoga sukha ) rahatA hai| vivaraNa- jaise tIrameM jitanI zakti bharakara pheMkA jAtA hai vaha utanI zaktike samApta honepara gira jAtA hai, isI prakAra puNya ( bhogAnukUla ) karmakI jitanI mAtrA hotI hai usI parimANase sukhako mAtrA banatI hai| bhautika phalAzAse kiye hue karmakA anukUla phala use ( sukhako ) denevAle nAzavAna padArthaka bane rahane taka rahatA hai| kintu phalAkAMkSArahita karmakI prerikA jo zuddha bhAvanArUpI anAsakti hotI hai vaha cirasthAyI hotI hai| vaha naSTa nahIM hotii| usakA mAdhurya to kabhI bhI samApta nahIM hotaa| Page #464 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sabase bar3A duHkha 437 ( sabase baDA duHkha ) na ca svargapatanAt paraM duHkham // 483 // sAdhAraNa mAnavake liye bhautika sukha-nAzase baDhakara koI duHkha nahIM hotaa| sukhAcca yo yAti naro daridratAM, dhRtaH zarIreNa mRtaH sa jIvati / prApta bhautika sukhoM kA vinAza, pahale kabhI sukha na milanese adhika duHkhadAyI hotA hai / A~kha pAkara unheM kho baiThanevAleko janmAndhakI apekSA madhika kaSTa hotA hai / sadAse nagadIna a~gUThI uttanI burI nahIM lagatI jitanI naga nikAlI huI lAtI hai / sukhakA niyama hai ki vaha duHkhoMko bhoga lene ke pazcAta hI mIThA lagatA hai| ___sukhaM hi duHkhAnubhUya zobhate / ' jo manuSya duHkhoM kI jAna kara becchAle bhogatA hai arthAt mApAta dRSTi se aSTaprada samajha tapasvI jIvanako apanA svabhAva banA letA hai usake pAsa jIvanabhara duHkha nahIM phttktaa| use sukhakI bhAvazyakatA hI nahIM rhtii| use sukhakI AvazyakatA na rahanA hI usakA sukhI honA hojAtA hai / sukhAbhilASI loga anivAryarUpase duHkhadveSI hote haiM / sukha sukhAbhilApiyoM ke pAsa se sadA hI ( niyamase ) anupasthita rahate haiN| abhilASAkA yaha niyama hai ki vaha jisake sAtha laga jAtI hai use hI anupasthita banA DAlatI hai / mukhake sAtha abhilASAkA sambandha hote hI sukha mAnavajIvanameM se anupasthita hojAtA hai| isI prakAra duHkhadveSIke pAsase duHkha kabhI nahIM httte| mUDha azvako DarAnevAlI usIkI chAyAke samAna duHkha manuSyakI eka kAlpanika bibhISikA hai| jo duHkhase DaratA hai, duHna (apanese Darane. vAloMko hI cipaTanevAle bhUtoMke samAna ) usIko jA cipaTatA hai| duHkhako Page #465 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi duHkha na mAnakara use saMsArakI niyamAvalIkA eka akATya aMga mAnakara kartavyabuddhise sAmarthyAdhona pratikAra yA sahaneM karane se hI duHkhakI duHkha dAyitA miTAI jA sakatI hai / duHkha saMsArase haTa nahIM sakatA / manuSyako buddhi ho to vaha duHkhoMke viSaya meM apanA dRSTikoNa, parivartita karake unheM duHkha - koTi meM se nikAla bAhara karake kartavyakA avasara mAnakara sacce sukhI ho sakate haiN| isa prakArakA buddhi-parivartana kiye binA apanI saMsArayAtrAko duHkhase rItA nahIM banAyA jA sakatA / kucha loga isa prakArake hote haiM jinheM na sukhakI icchA hotI hai aura na kabhI duHkhoMse Darate haiM / ye loga sukhake sAtha ' Agate svAgataM kuryAd gacchantaM na nivArayet ' vAlI nIti apanAkara unakI orase nirvikAra rahakara apane isa zatavArSika jIvanayajJa meM apanI kartavya pAlanakI Ahuti DAlate cale jAte haiM aura apane jIvanako amara sanAtana vizvavyApI jovanameM vilIna dekhanekI kalAkI punaH punaH AvRttiyA~ karate rahate haiM / 438 ye loga prAkRtika prabandhAnusAra apane pAsa AnevAle bhotika duHkhoM ko kartavyabuddhise vyartha karate hue bhI unake chUTane na haTaneke prati nirapekSa bane rahate haiM / ye loga apaneko jAnabUjha kara tapasvo, saMyamI, sahiSNu, kaThora jIvana meM Abaddha rakhakara duHkhada samajhI huI avasthAoM ko apanA madhubhakSaNa jaisA rucikara svabhAva banA lete haiM aura jIvanabhara sukhaduHkhAtIta nitya sukhI rahane kI kalAkA Ananda lete rahate haiM / aise logoMkA na to kabhI svargase patana hotA hai aura na kabhI duHkharUpI naraka inake pAsa taka AnekA sAhasa karate haiM / - apane deza meM isa prakAra ke sukhaduHkhAtIta vizvavijayI manuSya utpanna karanA deza ke zikSA - zAstriyoMkA uttaradAyitva hai / sAdhAraNa mAnavakI svargakalpanAkI bhayAnaka mUrtike saMbandha meM bhartRharine kahA hai- ' vipAkaH puNyAnAM janayati bhayaM me vimRzataH / ' maiM jaba puNyake vipAkapara vimarza karane baiThatA hU~, to mujhe baDA bhaya pratIta hotA hai / puNyase sukha, sukhase pramAda, pramAdase pApa, pApase duHkha, usase puNyavAsanA, " usase puNya Page #466 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mAnava sukha cAhatA hai " aura phira sukha pramAdAdi / yoM yaha samApta nahIM hotaa| mujhe isa cakrapara jhUlate rahanevAle bAlakoM ke samAna ghUmate lagI hai / maiM to sukhaduHkha donoMkA bandhana toDa DAlanA cAhatA hU~ / vAstavikatA yaha hai ki bhautika sukha pAnA nAmakI koI bhI avasthA mAnava ke liye spRhaNIyeM nahIM honI cAhiye / kartavyapAlanA hI ekamAtra vaha avasthA hai jisakI mAnavako spRhA honI cAhiye / bhautika sukhoMkA tabataka koI mUlya nahIM hai jabataka manuSyakA manuSyocita manovikAsa yA use jJAnalAbha na huA ho / manuSya yaha jAne ki jabataka vaha saMsArakI saccI paristhiti, AvazyakatA aura lakSyako nahIM samajha legA tabataka usakA sukha-nAza tathA duHkha - prAptikA ronA kabhI samApta nahIM hogA / pAThAntara --- na ca svargaphalaM duHkham / 439 puNyapApoMke paripAkakA cakra kabhI bhArUDha hokara cakkaravAle jhUlepara rahanA mUDha avasthA pratIta hone svarga va sthiti hai jisameM duHkha nahIM hotA / athavA duHkha svarga arthAt sukRtakA phala nahIM hai / ( mAnava kevala vartamAna meM sukha cAhatA hai ) dehI dehaM tyaktvA aindrapadaM na vAMchati // 484 // arter deha itanI Asakti hotI hai ki vaha vartamAna deha choDakara aindrapada taka lenA nahIM cAhatA / vivaraNa- isase pAThaka mAnavakA yaha svabhAva samajhane kA prayatna kara ki mAnava ( dehadhArI ) marakara sukhI honA nahIM cAhatA / marakara sukha cAhanekI usakI icchA udhArI aura kAlpanika hai / bhautika sukhake liye mRtyu varaNa asvAbhAvika sthiti hai / pAThAntara dehI dehaM tyaktvA aindrapadaM vAMchati / jaise bhAravAhI grISmayAtrI vizrAma ke liye zItaLa chAyAbAle vRkSamUla meM jAnA cAhatA hai isI prakAra saMsArI duHkhoMse parAbhUta ajJAnI mAnava Page #467 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi jIvanabhara apanI vartamAna sthiti se U~ce sukhavAlI sthitikI iMdameM mArAmArA phirA karatA hai / 440 parvatayAtrIko niraMtara dIkhatI calI jAnevAlI agalI agalI parvatamAlAoM ke samAna sukhAnveSI mAnavako ekase eka acche sukhoMke AkarSaNa dIkhate cale jAte haiM aura usake manameM dAva - dAi prajvalita karate cale jAte haiN| sAMsArika sukhabhogoMkI antima sthiti yA unase pUrNa tRpti nAmakI koI avasthA saMsAra meM nahIM hai| sukhabhogoM kI koI sImAko iyattA yA maryAdA nahIM hai| yahI dekhakara bhogI prANIne samasta bhautika sukhoMke pratIka ke rUpameM aindrapada yA maraneke pazcAt milanevAle svargakI kalpanAke rUpameM mAnavake saMsAra-tApaSTha hRdayako mithyAsAnkhanA denekA eka niSphala prayatna kiyA hai| manuSya sukhakA yayArtha rUpa na samajhakara sukhaviSayaka aMdhI bhAvanAke pIche mArA-mArA phiratA hai / usakI isa vRthA bhaTakakA kAraNa usakA sukhaviSayaka ajJAna hI hai / pAThAntara dehaM tyaktvA aindrapadaM na vAJchanti / saMsArI loga saMsArI sukha tyAgakara devarAjakA pada taka nahIM cAhate ! ( manakI bandhanahIna sthiti duHkhoMkI ekamAtra cikitsA ) duHkhAnAmoSadhaM nirvANam // 485 // mokSalAbha karate hue jIvana bitAnA hI duHkhoMkA ekamAtra pratikAra hai / vivaraNa -- nirvANa ( arthAt prayatna yA tatvajJAnase duHkhoMkA aMta kara DAlanA ) hI duHkhoMkI auSadha hai / sukhaduHkhase aprabhAvita sthiti lekara udAra, vIra, vyavahArakuzala, prazasta jIvana bitAnA hI duHkhoMkI yathArtha cikitsA hai / vandhana se mukta hojAnA yA abaddha rahanA hI nirvANa yA mukti hai / bandhana aura mukti donoM sApekSa zabda haiN| bandhana yA mukti parasparavirodhI mAnasika sthitiyoMke do nAma haiM / bandhana aura muktikA paraspara vadhyaghAtaka sambandha aura vadhyaghAtaka sambandhamUlaka sahabhAva hai| sukhaduHkha ke Page #468 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mAnava sukha cAhatA hai viSaya meM jo manuSyakA ajJAna hai vahI to usakI baMdhanakI sthiti hai / sukhaduHkha ke viSaya meM manuSyakA abhrAnta jJAna hI usakI muktikI sthiti hai / jIvita deha indriyabhogya sAdhanoMkI anukUlatApara nirbhara hai / deharakSAkA jo asAdhAraNa abhiprAya hai vaha bhoga bhoganA nahIM kintu akSayasukha yA mokSa pA lenA hai / mAnavakA deha bhogasAdhana na hokara mokSakA hI sAdhana hai / bhoga aura azAnti yA bhoga aura atRpti athavA bhoga aura mAnasika asantoSakA nitya sAtha hai / bandhana mAnava-jIvanakA lakSya nahIM 446 | mAnavakA mana bandhanakA svAbhAvika virodhI tathA muktikA svAbhAvika pakSapAtI hai / bandhanameM rahanA mAnavadehake lakSyase virodha karanevAlI sthiti hai / bhogaprAzike liye deha-rakSA karanA manuSyakA kartavya nahIM hai / kintu akSaya, amara, sanAtana, nitya, advaita sukhakA adhikArI bananeke liye devarakSA karanA manuSyakA kartavya hai / manuSyako deha-rakSA ke liye jIvanopakaraNoMkA saMgraha karanA paDatA haiM / parantu use isa saMgraha sukha-duHkhakA varaNa anivArya rUpa se karanA paDatA hai| manuSyakA sAdhana-saMgraharUpI kase sukhaduHkhoM meM se kisI ekako utpanna kiye binA nahIM rhtaa| nirvANa, mokSa yA duHkhanivRtti ( kisI bhI nAmase kaha lIjiye) isI bAta hai ki deva dhAraNamAtra ke liye kiye jAnevAle karmako duHkhosAika na banane dekara sukhopAdaka banAkara rakkhA jAya / isa kAma ke liye yaha bAta sahI rahanI cAhiye ki deva rakSAkA uddezya kSudra sukha na hokara akSaya sukha hai / jaba manuSya deharakSA ke uddezya mokSanAmaka akSayasukhako to apanI dRSTise bAhara khar3A kara detA hai aura dehako hI bhoktA banAnekI bhrAnti kara letA hai, usa samaya manuSyakA sukhasAdhana saMgrAhaka karma lakSyacyuta hokara sukha-sAdhana-saMgrAhaka na rahakara bhoga-saMgrAhaka hojAtA hai| 1 yaha to saba jAnate haiM ki bhogAkAMkSAkA koI anta nahIM hai / bhogyasaMgraha jisa mAtrAse kiyA jAtA hai vaha usI mAtrA meM bhogAkAMkSArUpI Page #469 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi AgakI Ahuti banakara bhogAnikA hI prajvAlaka banatA calA jAtA hai / bhogAniko bhogendhanoM se tRpta yA nirvApita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / ise to bhogAkAMkSA ke parityAga se hI bujhAyA jA sakatA hai / spaSTa bAta yaha hai ki manuSyakA mana bhogAkAMkSAko hI duHkha tathA usake tyAgako hI sukhake rUpa meM jAna le taba hI sukhaduHkhAtIta mokSadharmapara ArUDha ho sakatA hai / vaha usa samaya deha-rakSA ke liye jo bhI puruSArtha karatA hai, vaha kyoMki vivekake netRtva meM hotA hai isa kAraNa vahI saccA puruSArthaM hotA hai / isake viparIta jo puruSArtha vivekahIna hotA hai vaha bhogAkAMkSI mAnavake liye bhrAnta sukhAnveSaNa ke rUpameM use bIMdha DAlanevAlA ananta duHkha - jAla bana jAtA hai / 442 bhautika abhAvoM ko apane adasya bhautika prayatnoMse dUra karanekA sAmadhIna saMtoSa kamAkara mAnasika duHkhakA apane vivekase anta kara DAlanA hI duHkhoMkI pUrNa cikitsA hai| puruSArtha tathA viveka donoM hI mAnava ke liye samAna rUpase apekSita haiM / vivekake vinA kevala puruSArtha se manuSyako zAnti milanI saMbhava nahIM hai| viveka puruSArthakI maryAdA banA detA hai / nirmamayi puruSArtha karanevAlA manuSya apanI viSayAbhilASAko baDhAtA calA jAtA aura jIvanabhara durAzAkI dAvAgnimeM jhulasatA rahakara antameM naSTa hojAtA hai / puruSArthapara vivekakA zAsana rahane se manuSyako asIma, anucita yA zaktibAhya puruSArtha karane kI bhrAnta icchA hI nahIM hotI / vyavahAra - bhUmise dUra khaDe hue puruSArthaddIna kore vivekake pAsa karmakSetra na honese vaha manuSyako yathArtha sukha utpanna karake nahIM de sakatA / yahI bAta IzopaniSad meM isa prakAra kahI hai andhaM tamaH pravizanti ye'vidyAmupAsate / tato bhUyaiva te tamo ya u vidyAyAM ratAH // ( IzAvAsya ) jo kevala puruSArtha meM rata haiM, ve ghora andhere meM dhakke khAte haiN| unase bhI adhika dhakke ve khAte haiM jo ( kore avyAvahArika ) jJAnameM masta paDe rahate haiM / jJAnake sAtha to vyavahAra - bhUmi cAhiye aura vyavahAra - bhUmike Page #470 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ anAryasaMbandha akartavya 443 sAtha niyAmaka jJAna cAhiye / isakA yaha artha hubhA ki saMyama rakhane tathA pratikAra karate rahane se manuSya ke bhautika tathA AdhyAtmika donoM hI prakAra ke duHkha haTAye jA sakate haiM / eka hI prakArake duHkhoM ke pIche na paDakara donoM hI prakArake duHkhoMko haTAnekA samanvita udyoga karanA mAnavakA kartavya hai| athavA-nirvANa ( arthAt sukhaduHkhase aprabhAvita sthiti lekara udAra vIra vyavahAra-kuzala prazasta jIvana bitAnA ) hI duHkhoMkI yathArtha cikitsA hai| bAta yaha hai ki bhautika duHkha isa saMsArakI aTala ghaTanA hai| ve lAkha haTAnepara bhI manuSyake dehendriyoMke pAsa se nahIM haTate / unheM kevala manase haTAyA jA sakatA hai / unheM mana meM se haTAne kA ekamAtra upAya nirvANa yA muktikI sthitiko apanAya rahakara jIvana bitAnA hai / apanA kamyapAlana to karanA, parantu usa katavyase kisI kAmanAke bandhanameM na rahanA hI mukti hai| niSkAma sthiti hI duHkhAtIta sthiti hai| manuSyakA jo duHkharUpI bhavaroga hai vaha sAMsArika sukha pAnese nahIM miTatA / yaha roga to tatvajJAna yA sAkSAtkArarUpI mahoSadhase hI miTatA hai / jIvanmuktikI avasthAmeM jIvana bitAne laganA ho saMsArI tApoMko nivRttikA ekamAtra upAya hai| saMsArI tApa mAnava-jIvanameM se Tala hI nahIM skte| manuSya ina tApamayI ghaTanAoMko duHkhazreNIse nikAla bAhara kare, inheM duHkhoMkA nAma hI na dekara inheM prAkRtika ghaTanAmAtra mAnakara sukhaduHkhAtIta hokara ucca mAnasika sthitimeM kAlayApana kare yahI duHkhoMkI ekamAtra rAmabANa auSadha hai| tatvasAkSAtkAra rUpa auSadha ke vinA duHkharoga kabhI bhI naSTa honevAlA nahIM hai / (anAryasaMbaMdha akartavya ) anAryasaMbandhAdUramAryazatrutA // 486 // anAryoMse sauhArda baDhAnese AryoMkI zatrutA acchI hai| vivaraNa- isakA artha yaha hai ki mAyAvI, kapaTI, dhUrta mitrase katamyA. kartavya-vivekI zatru acchA hotA hai| mUrkha hI manuSyasamAjakA zatru hai Page #471 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 444 cANakyasUtrANi aura jJAnI hI usakA parama mitra hai / jJAnakiI bhorase kabhI kisI aniSTakI zaMkA nahIM hai| mUrkhakI orase kabhI kisI bhalAI yA hitakI AzA darAzA hai| dasyu, taskara, pAmara logoMse kucha bhautika lAbha uThAnese to yaha acchA hai ki manuSya bhautika lAbhase vaMcita rhe| isa prakArake hInalAbha bhAte hI mAte acche lagate haiM parantu ye hAni kiye vinA nahIM mAnate / satpuruSoM ke saMgase bhautika lAbha na honepara bhI zAnti to nizcita hotI hai| asAdhu. samAgama dugdha tathA amla ke saMbandhake samAna hAnikAraka hotA hai| isa viSama saMbandhase dagdhakA dagdhatva hI naSTa hojAtA hai / sAdha-samAgama dugdha tathA miSTake samAgama jaisA samasaMbandha hotA hai aura sukhada hotA hai| isa saMgamase dugdha meM mAdhuryakI vRddhi ho jAtI hai / mArya tathA anArya vivekI aura avivekIke paryAyavAcI zabda haiN| avivekI ke pAsa hitAhitabuddhi nahIM hotI / vivekI vaha hai jisameM hitAhitabuddhi hotI hai / vivekI mitra saba samaya hitAhitabuddhi se zUnya hokara aniSTa hI kiyA karatA hai| koI bhI buddhimAn avivekI mitrapara vizvAsa karake nizcita nahIM raha sktaa| isaliye vivekI manuSya kisIko mitrarUpameM svIkAra karake bhI jara usakI vivekitAke saMbandha meM pUrNa santoSa pA lelA hai taba hI usakA minna jaisA vizvAsa karatA hai| yadi use usake avivekI hone kA pramANa mila jAtA hai to vaha use apane mitratva se vaMcita kara detA hai| isa sutrakI bhASAse yaha prazna utpanna hotA hai ki kyA kabhI koI vivekI kisI vivekIse zatrutA kara sakatA hai ? isakA samAdhAna yahI hai ki koI bhI vivekI jAnabUjhakara apane jaise vivekIse zatrutA kara hI nahIM sakatA / yadi koI vivekI daivavaza loka-caritrakI anabhijJatAke kAraNa kisI vivekIke apApaviddha zuddha hRdayakA paricaya na pAkara, usake bAhya vyavahA. rameM saMdihAna hokara, use zatra samajha baiThe aura usase zatru jaisA bartAva bhI kara DAle to bhI vaha zatru samajhA hubhA vivekI vyakti usake sAtha jo koI bartAva karegA vaha mAkrAmaka bartAva na hokara bhAtmarakSAtmaka hogaa| Page #472 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ saMsArakA mahatvapUrNa sukha isa sUtrakA mabhiprAya apane pAThakoMke kevala mUrkha mitrase bacAne taka sImita hai / isakA yaha abhiprAya kadApi nahIM hai ki zatrutA karanI ho to vive. kIke sAtha karanI cAhiye / mUrkhase mitratA joDane tathA mUDhatAko dRDhatAke sAtha nindita ThaharAne ke liye hI vivekI zatrukI uttamatAko upamAke rUpa meM upasthita kiyA gayA hai| (nindita kulotpanna kA cinha ) nihanti durvacanaM kulam // 487 // durvacanase kulake gauravakA nAza hojAtA hai| vivaraNa- durvacana vaktAke kulako kalaMkita kara detA hai| vacanakI nirdoSatA hI manuSya ke ucca kulakA pramANapatra hai| durvacanI loga apane kulako nizcitarUpase kalaMkita ghoSita kara dete haiN| mukha se vacana nikalate hI sabase pahale vaktAke kula kA paricaya milatA hai ki yaha kaise kula meM palA hai ? manuSyakA vyaktigata paricaya to pIchese hotA hai| sUtra kahanA cAhatA hai ki vaktA loga vacana bolate samaya apane kulake gauravakA dhyAna rakhakara boleN| pAThAntara-nAti durvacanaM kulam / yaha pATa arthahIna hai| ( saMsArakA mahatvapUrNa sukha ) na putrasaMspAt paraM sukham // 488 // putra-lAbha sAMsArika sukhoM meM sarvottama sukha mAnA jAtA hai / vivaraNa- isa sRSTi ke vidhAtAne apanI sRSTi-paramparAko calAne tathA mAtApitAse putroMko palavAne ke liye unheM putra moha nAmakI sudRDha rajjuoMse bA~dhA huA hai| isI prabandhase yaha sRSTi-paramparA cala rahI hai / yadi saMsArameM putra sukha nAmakI vastu na hotI to sRSTi-paramparAkA calanA hI pasaM. bhava ho jaataa| pitAko duHkhamayI yA pApamayI sthiti se ubAranevAlA hI putra nAma pAnekA adhikArI hai| Page #473 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 446 cANakyasUtrANa ( andhA virodha akartavya ) vivAde dharmamanusmaret // 489 // vivAda ( kalaha ) ke samaya dharmako bhUla mata jAo / dharmako kalahake samaya bhI apanAye raho / vivaraNa - manuSya vivAda ke samaya dharmako apanAye rahe to kisIpara anyAya aura atyAcAra karanese bacA raha sakatA hai / vivAdakA zAnti pUrvaka nirNaya taba hI hotA hai jaba nirNAyaka dhArmika ho / vivAda ke samaya andhA hokara kisIkA virodha na karanA cAhiye / eka A~kha se laDanA cAhiye aura dUsarIse apanA kartavya - zAstra dekhate rahanA cAhiye / andhA virodha manuSyakA AtmaghAta hai / dharma smaraNase hI vivAdako maryAdAkA jJAna hotA hai / manuSya dharmamaryAdAke vismaraNase hI anyAya aura atyAcAra karatA hai / pAThAntara-- vivAde kAryamanusmaret / vivAda ke samaya apanA mukhya lakSya dhyAnameM rakkhe / usapara AMca AnevAlI bAta na hone de / ( dainika kartavyoM para cintAkA kAla ) nizAnte kAryaM cintayet // 490 // manuSya rAtrikA vizrAma samApta ho jAnepara ( brAhmamuhUrta meM ) apane dinabhara karaneke samasta kAmoMkA (Adile antataka sAMgopAMga ) vicAra kiyA kare / vivaraNa -- prabhAtakAla yA brAhmamuhUrta ke samaya manuSya kI buddhivRtti sateja udbhAvanazIla tathA navIna hotI hai / usa samaya zarIra, indriya tathA mana tInoM svabhAvase sthira, svastha aura zAnta hote haiN| kArya-cintA yA dainika kAryakrama banAnekA kAma atyanta gaMbhIra hai / yaha kAma kAryakI adhi katA se manake vyagra yA caMcala ho jAnepara dina ke samaya utanA acchA honA saMbhava nahIM hai / nizAntacintA ke viSaya meM manune kahA hai Page #474 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vinAzonmukhakA cinha 447 brAhma muhUrte budhyeta dharmArthoM cAnucintayet / kAyAlezAMzca tanmUlAn vedatatvArthameva ca // kalyANArthI mAnava sUraja nikalanese lagabhaga eka ghaMTA pahale nIMda tyAgA kara jAga uThA kareM aura usa samaya svastha manase sabase pahale apane mAnasika utthAnake liye kiye jAnevAle Ajake sAmAjika kartavyoMkA svarUpa nirdhArita kiyA kare tathA unakI upAyAdi cintA kre| phira apanI vyaktigata jIvana-yAtrAke saMbandha dinameM karaNIya kartavyapara dRSTi DAle / usake pazcAt zarIrako roga-mukta svastha rakhane tathA rogajanaka kAraNoMke saMbandhameM soce / itanA kara leneke pazcAt kucha kAlataka vaidika jJAnake sarvasva mAramAke svarUpapara pratidina gaMbhIra vicAra kare ki maiM kauna hU~? dUsare kauna haiM ? unase kyA sambandha hai ? ityaadi| __ athavA-nizAnta zabda ekAnta zAnta sthAna tathA rAdhike antakakA bhI vAcaka hai| tathA sUtrArtha yaha hai ki rAjA loga ekAntameM zAnta sthAnapara jahA~ koI anadhikArI mantraNAko suna na sake mantraNA kreN| athavA ve bhI rAtrike anta meM hI manake svAbhAvika rUpase sthira honepara apane vicAra. NIya viSayapara gaMbhIratAse soceM / kAmakI adhikatAse manake caMcala hojAne. para dUsare kisI samaya kArya-nIti-nirdhAraNa yA mantraNAke kAmakA utanA acchA honA saMbhava nhiiN| pradoSe na saMyogaH kartavyaH // 491 // (vinAzonmukhakA cinha) upasthitavinAzo durnayaM manyate / / 492 // jisakA vinAza upasthita hotA hai (jisake bure dina Ate haiM ) ghahI anItiko apanAtA hai| vivaraNa- vinAzonmukhakI buddhi naSTa hojAtI hai / anIti yA duSTa nIti svayaM hI vinAza hai / manuSya samupasthita sAdhanoMkI nItipUrNa rakSA Page #475 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi kare / labdhavyoMkA vaidha ( ucita ) yatnase arjana kare tathA prAptoMkA viveka se upayoga kare / yadi manuSya apanI nIti - dInatA se apane saMcita sAdhanakkI rakSA, jIvanArtha Avazyaka padArthoMkA arjana aura arjitoMkA sadupayoga nahIM karegA to kleza, dInatA tathA buddhimAnya use A cipaTeMge / ( vRthA karma tyAjya ) 448 kSIrArthinaH kiM kariNyA // 493 // jise dUdhakI AvazyakatA hai vaha hathinIko lekara kyA kare ? vivaraNa- use to gopAlana karanA caahiye| apane prayojanake upayogI dravyoMkA hI saMcaya karanA cAhiye, aprayojanIyakA nahIM / manuSya koI bhI vRthA kAma kare | vRthA kArmose baDe anartha A khar3e hote haiM / ( sarvottama vazIkAra ) na dAnasamaM vazyam / / 494 // dAna jaisA lokavazIkAra dUsarA nahIM hai / vivaraNa- ghanI loga dAnarUpameM dhana ke sadupayogase samAjakA dita aura kIrtikA upArjana tathA upakRtapara vazIkAra pA lete haiM / ( parAdhIna vAtoM meM utkaNThA varjita ) parAyatteSUtkaNThAM na kuryAt / / 495 / / tumhAra jA padArtha dUsaroMke hAthameM pha~sa gaye hA, unha pAnaka lie utAvale mata bno| unheM pAne ke upAya karane cAhiye / isa saMbandha meM utkaMThAse apanI zaktipara zraddhAhIna nahIM honA cAhiye / dUsarekI zaktipara nirbhara mata raho / parahastagata adhikArake punaruddhAra ke lie duzcintA yA nirAzA chor3akara dhairya ke sAtha dRDha prayatna karo / utAvalApana zaktihInatA hai / Page #476 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pApIke dhanakA durupayoga 449 vivaraNa- jaba apanI adhikRta vastu apane pramAda yA asAmarthya se dUsareke adhikArameM calI jAya aura usake punaruddhArakA koI upAya apane pAsa zeSa na rahe, taba manuSya yaha jAnakara usa saMbandhI vicArake pravAhako zeka de ki aba merA isa saMbandhameM koI kartavya zeSa nahIM rhaa| bAta yaha hai ki kartavya bahibhUta cintA duzcintA hotI hai / duzcintA ho bhazAnti hai| apane manako zAnta rakhanA hI saMbhava aura saphala prayatnakA mArgadarzana apane mAmAdhIna kartavya hai| usa samaya usa apahRta vastuke saMbandhameM manameM kisI prakArakI utkaNThAko sthAna dekara kartavyahIna caMcala nahIM hojAnA cAhiye / cAMcalya kartavyakA vinna hai / / athavA-- dusareke hAthakI bAta ke saMbandhameM utkaNThA yA svarAse kAma mata lo| dUsarA apanI paristhiti se vivaza hokara kabhI kabhI usameM dera bhI kara sakatA hai ! aise samaya use apanI adhIratA dikhAkara caMcala tathA ma mata karo / pratyeka kAma karane ke nirAle DhaMga tathA subhAte hote haiM unakA dhyAna rakhakara isa saMbandha meM dhIratAse kAma lo aura zAntise tIkSA kro| (pApAMke dhana kA durUpayoga ) asatsamaddhirasadbhireva bhujyate / / 493 / / curoko sampatti (yA burI sampatti ) bugahIkI bhogya banA karatI hai| vivaraNa--- gahita upAyola upArjita dhanaka! ku. aura kukarmameM zya honA anivArya hotA hai| para- podA, corI, utkoca, anucita lAbha, vacana, apaharaNa Adi upAya dhanAgamanake gati upAya haiN| garhita upAyasi prApta dhanakA nindita meM vyaya honA anivArya hai| ucita upAyose AyA dhana hI ucina kAryoM meM vyaya hotA hai / siddhAntapUrvaka upArjita canakA siddhAntapUrvaka gaya honA anivArya hai| vRddha cANakya ne kahA hai-- 29 cANakya.) Page #477 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 450 cANakyasUtrANi saMcitaM kRtuSu nopayujyate prArthitaM guNavate na dIyate / tatkadarthaM parigataM dhanaM corapArthivagRheSu bhujyate // anucita upAyoMse upArjita kRpaNakA dhana na to kisI zubhakarmameM vyaya hotA hai aura na kisI guNIke abhAva abhiyoga pUrA karanemeM kAma AtA hai / vaha yA to corake yA rAjAke ghara khAyA jAtA hai / nimbaphalaM kAkairbhujyate // 497 // jaise nImakA nindita kaTu phala kauvoMke hI kAma AtA hai isI prakAra aziSTa upAyAse upArjita dhana caritrahIna logoMke hI nindita bhogoM meM kAma AyA karatA hai / isaliye manuSya ucita upAyoMse dhanopArjana kare jisase jIvana-yAtrA bhI ho aura manakA utkarSa bhI ho| yAtrA-mAtra- prasiddhayartha svaiH karmabhiragarhitaiH / aklezena zarIrasya kurvIta dhanasaMcayam // ( manu ) manuSya kevala jIvana-yAtrA calAne yogya, so bhI apane anindita zubha karmose, zarIrako saMkaTa meM DAle binA dhanasaMcaya kare / ( pApI dhana sajjanake kAma nahIM AtA ) nAmbhodhistRSNAmapohati / / 498 / / jaise samudrakA khArA pAnI kisI bhI pyAsekI pyAsa bujhA neke kAma nahIM AtA. isIprakAra aziSTa upAyoMse upArjita dhana kisI bhI acche kAmameM arthAt kisI bhI sacce adhikArIkI kAmanA pUrI karane ke kAma nahIM A sakatA / ( bure acche kAmoMmeM dhanavyaya nahIM kara sakate ) bAlukA api svaguNamAzrayante // / 499 / / jaise bAlukA apane rUkSa karkaza svabhAvako hI pakar3e rahatI haiM, isI prakAra koI bhI asat manuSya apanA svabhAva nahIM choData Page #478 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhale buroMse hilamilakara nahIM rahate 451 aura apane garhita upAyoMse upArjita dhanako satyArtha sadupayoga karaneko udyata nahIM hotaa| vivaraNa- kisIse svabhAva viruddha pAzA nahIM kI jA sktii| abhadra puruSa apane dhanakA sadupayoga kara de aisI AzA karanA bAlukAse tela pAne jaisI bandhyA icchA hai| ( bhale buroMse hilamila kara nahIM rahate ) santo'satsu na ramante // 500 / / bhadra puruSa abhadra puruSoMke sAtha hilamila kara nahIM rahA krt| vivaraNa- bhadra puruSa sadra logoM ke hI sAtha saMga karate haiN| manuSya samAjajIvI prANI hai / sat aura asat do prakArakA manuSya-samAja hotA hai| jisake jaise sAthI hote haiM. usakA svabhAva vaisA hI hotA hai| jisakA jaisA svabhAva hotA hai usake sAthI bhI vaise hI hote haiM / viparIta svabhAva. vAle paraspara milakara nahIM baiThA karate / pAThAntara- na satAM mUrkhaSu ratiH / na haMsAH pretavane ramante / / 501 / / jaise haMsa zmazAna meM nahIM ramate, isI prakAra guNI loga ayogyoke saMgameM rahanA svIkAra nahIM krte| vivaraNa- guNI loga ekAntA ajJAta jIvana bitA denA to svIkAra kara lete haiM parantu burI saMgatameM rahanA kabhI svIkAra nahIM krte| kusumastabakasyeva dva vRttI tu manasvinaH / mUni vA sarvalokasya vizIryata vana'thavA // manasvI loga vanameM khile kusuma- stabaka ke samAna yA to logoM ke zirodhArya hokara rahate haiM yA vana meM paDa-paDe sUkha jAte haiN| Page #479 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 422 cANakyasUtrANi zAntipriya manuSya kA svabhAva anudvegakArI, zAnta, anukUla sthAna meM bahanA svIkAra karatA hai, udvegakArI azAnta pratikUla meM nahIM / bhalako bure vAtAvaraNameM rahane se udvega hotA hai / burroko acchA zAntipUrNa vAtAvaraNa sahana nahIM hotA / na vinA paravAdena ramate durjano janaH / kAkaH sarvarasAn bhuktvA vinA'medhyaM na tRpyati // durjanoM kI caupAle paranindAse mukharita rahatI haiN| unheM paranindA ke vinA roTI nahIM pacatI / kAka paDsa khAkara bhI jabataka viSThA nahIM khA letA tabataka usakA mana nahIM chakatA ( saMsAra bhojana aura bhoga meM jIvana naSTa kara rahA hai ) arthArthaM pravartate lokaH // 502 / / sArA saMsAra arthake liye karmameM pravRtta hotA hai / vivaraNa - sabako jAnanA cAhiye ki artha jIvanakA sAdhanamAtra hI hai parantu lakSya nahIM hai| kyoMki loga jIvanakA lakSya nizcita karaneseM bhrAMti kara lete haiM isIliye ye asadupAyoMse banArjana karane laga jAte haiM ! jaba manuSya zrAntivaza indriyasukhako hI jIvanakA lakSya banA lete haiM, taba unake manakA indriya-dAsa bana jAnA svAbhAvika hojAtA hai| kAmanA tathA duHkha ye donoM indriyoM kI dAsatAke hI nAma haiM / jo manuSya indriya-sukhako jIvanakA lakSya banAkara dhanopArjana karate haiM, unakA dhana sukha-sAdhana na rahakara duH khasAdhana raha jAtA hai| vaha apane hI upArjita vanase duHkha mola latA calA jAtA hai| usakA dhana anupAyase arjita honeke kAraNa asatyasevArUpoM duHkhavaraNameM do durupayukta hotA hai| isake viparIta jisake jIvanakA lakSya indriyoMpara manako prabhutA supratiSThita rakhanA hotA hai, anivArya rUpase sadupAyoMmeM hI dhanArjana karatA hai| usake jIvanakA lakSya jisa kisI prakAra dhanArjana kara lenA na hokara sadupAyase hI dhanArjana va6 Page #480 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhogameM jIvana naSTa kara rahA hai karanA hotA hai / manapara satyakI prabhutAko supratiSThita rakhanA hI usakA lakSya hotA hai| vaha satyasvarUpa prabhukI sevAko dvAra banAkara dhanopArjana bhI karatA aura use satyakI sevAmeM lagAkara akhaNDa sukhamayI cirazAntikA upArjana bhI kara letA hai| yAga, dAna, auSadha, jIvana yAtrA mAdi samasta kAmoM ke arthAzrita honese saMsArakI dhanArthI pravRtti svAbhAvika hai / parantu svAbhAvika honepara bhI'ati sarvatra varjayet ' ke anusAra manuSyakI isa pravRtti meM atike mAte hI usake samasta mAnavIya guNoM kA parvanAza hojAtA hai / arthaparAyaNa manuSya bhUla jAtA hai ki "dhana to eka sAdhana hai| dhanake sadupayogase sAdhya, zAnti yA susva hI mAnavajIvana kA lakSya hai / isa lakSyako kho denepara dhana kA koI bhI mUlya nahIM hai / jo dhana mAnavajIvanake lakSya, zAnti yA usake mAnavocita guNoM kA virodha karake mAtA hai vaha usakI manuSyatAke galepara churI calAtA hai| aisA dhana prANoM kA jaMjAla bana jAtA hai aura grAhya na hokara tyAjya hojAtA hai|" __ saba mAnate haiM ki dhana jIvanakI atyAvazyaka vastu hai| parantu dhana hI to saba kucha nahIM hai| mAnavajIvana meM mAnavocita guNoM kA hI to dhanase U~cA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / dhanako mAnavocita guNase adhika mahatva denA to manuSya kI pAzavika pravRtti hai| isIliye yadi apane samAjako mAnavasamAja banAnA ho to manuSya kI bhA~kha mIMcakara arthArthI bana jAne kI prava. ttipara rokathAma rakhakara apane samAjako sAmAjika guNoMkA upajAU kSetra banAne kA sudRDha prabandha karanA hI hogaa| manuSya arthArthI rahatA rahatA svArthAndha hokara apanI hI mAtAko noMca. noMcakara khAnevAle bicchUke baccoMke samAna apane hI upajIcya samAjakI AMkhoM meM dhUla jhoMkajhoMkakara use Thagakara usake ucita adhikArakA apa. haraNa karake dhanI aura sukhI bananA cAhatA hai| dezame se manuSyatAko nirvAsita kara DAlatA hai aura apane saMsArameM adharma tathA svArthakA sAmrAjya Page #481 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi pratiSThita kara detA hai yahAMtaka ki mAtApitA, bhrAtA, saMtAna sabako Thagane lagatA hai / jo samAjake satpuruSako Thaga rahA hai vaha apane pArivArika svajanoM ko bhI Thaga rahA hai| use kahIM bhI svajana nahIM dIkhatA, dhana hI usakA dhyeya hai / isa prakAra sAmAjika guNakI abhivRddhikI dRSTise manuSyako arthArthI pravRttipara pUrNa niyantraNa honA caahiye| yaha dhyAna rakkhA jAnA cAhiye ki deza meM sAmAjika guNa hI pUjya mAne jAya~ aura dhanako manuSyatAse ucca pratiSThAkA pada na mila ske| isakA ekamAtra sarala upAya manuvyatA - premI susAhitya - pracAra se samAjakI AdhyAtmika dRSTiko bhrAntirahita karake naitika rAjyasaMsthAke dvArA suzikSAkA pracAra karanA hai ! 454 AzayA badhyate lokaH // 503 // avicArazIla saMsAra kartavya ke bandhana meM Avaddha na hokara AzAke bandhana meM ba~dhakara kAma karatA aura apanA dhairya khotA rahatA hai / vivaraNa - ' yaha mujhe mila jAya ' isa prakArako AkAMkSA dI aAza / hai | AzA meM rahanA, zubha bhAvIkI pratIkSA meM vartamAnakA zubha upayoga na kara sakanA hAnikAraka manodazA hai| manuSya AzAkI dAsatAmeM adhIra hokara kartavya meM hAtha DAlakara duHkhI hotA hai / samAja ke utthAna meM AzA ke dAsa manuSyoM kA koI sthAna nahIM hai| samAja ke abhyutthAnoM ke kartavya meM apaneko jhoMka denevAle tathA phala miLane na milaneke prati udAsa rahanevAle kartavyaniSTha logoMkA hI samAjameM mahatvapUrNa sthAna hotA hai / samAjakI unnati kartavyaparAyaNa kartavyaika-sarvasva logoMke adamya utsAhoMpara hI nirbhara karatI hai / AzApAza- zatairbaddhAH kAma-krodha-parAyaNAH / Ihante kAma - bhogArtha manyAyenArtha saMcayAn // Page #482 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhogameM jIvana naSTa kara rahA hai mAzAkI saikaDoM rassiyoMse baMdhe hue, kAma-krodhameM hI apanA jIvananAmaka mahatvapUrNa suavasara miTA DAlanevAle loga kAmamogake liye anyAyase dhanopArjanakI ceSTA karate haiM / batAiye jisa deza meM isa prakArakI pravR. ttike loga adhika ho jAyeMge vaha deza rasAtalako na jAyagA yA azAntiyoM, kalahoM aura duHkhoMkA ghara na bana jAyagA to kyA hogA ? sukhI to ve deza hoMge jahAM ke logoMkA kartabyase hI mahatvapUrNa sambandha hotA hai aura phala upekSApakSameM par3A rahatA hai / manuSya jAne ki 'nairAzyaM paramaM sukham ' nirAzA hI ( sukhecchArUpI duHkhakA saMsArakA sarvottama rahanA hI ) sukha hai| kartavya karane kA hI mAnavako adhikAra hai, kartavya bahirbhUta vaMdhyA phalAzAkA nhiiN| AzAnAma nadI manorathajalA tRssnnaatrNgaakulaa| rAgagrAhavatI vitarkavihagA dhairyadramadhvaMsinI / mohAvartasudustarAtigahanA prottuMgacitAtaTI / tasyAH pAragatA vizuddhamanaso nandanti yogIzvarAH // mAzA saMsArake yAtrI manuSyako DubAnevAlI nadI hai, manoratha usake jala haiM, tRSNA usakI taraMga hai, rAga usameM rahane vAlA magaramaccha hai, vitarka nAmake paMchI isake kinAroMpara baiThe rahate haiM / yaha mAzA nadI dhairyarUpI damako jaDase ukhAr3a pheMkatI hai| mohAtmaka bhavaroMse dumtaraNIya lambI cauDI cintAyeM isa nadIko dvitaTa bhUmi hai / isa nadIko pAra karanA vicArazIla manavAle karmayogiyoMkA kAma hai / yadi manuSya sukhI jIvana vyatIta karanA cAhe to use mAzAke bandhanameM na rahakara kartavya ke kaThora niSkAma bandhanameM rahanA hI hogaa| pAThAntara ---- itaHparamadhItaH paraM kuzalo bhaviSyatItyAzayA loko jiivti| isake pazcAt vidvAn banakara sustrI jIvana bitAyeMge isa bhAzAse saMsAra jItA hai| Page #483 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 456 cANakyasUtrANi ( AzAke dAsa sadA zrIhIna ) na cAzAparaiH zrIH saha tiSThati // 504 // AzAparAyaNa vyAkta sadA zrI-hIna rahA karate haiN| vivaraNa- AzA arthAt viSaya-spRhAke pIche-pIche mAre phiranevAloM ( aura yadi vaha pUrI na ho to apane bhApako akRtArtha, asaphala aura vinaSTa mAnakara hatotsAha ho baiThane vAloM ) ke pAsa sampattiyeM nivAsa nahIM krtii| sampattiyAM to bhayaMkarase bhayaMkara vipattike dinoM meM bhI sAhasako kabhI na tyAganevAloM, nirAzA dIkhanepara bhI kabhI udyama tathA karmakA tyAga na karanevAloMke hI sAtha rahatI haiM / yadi manuSya AzApara nirbhara na rahakara kartavyapAlanapara nirbhara rahe to zrI (saphalatA ) ko jhakha mArakara usake pAsa rahanA paDe / AzAke dAsoMke pAsa cAhe jitanI zrI ( bhautika aizvarya ) mA jAnepara bhI unakI zrIhInatA kabhI nahIM mitttii| atRpta kAmanA hI AzA hai / kAmanAdagdha hRdaya kabhI tRpta honA nahIM jAnatA / mAzA-parA. yaNa vyaktikA dhana-bhaMDAra upakI dRSTi meM sadA hI adharA rahatA hai| samasta vizvako apanA bhogya banAne kI kalpanA sadA hI usake manako dukhAtI rahatI hai / isaliye mAzAparAyaNa loga saba samaya jisa kisI prakAra dhanopArjana karane meM saba prakAra ke garhita upAyoM kA sahArA lekara (dhanopArjana ) karate hue bhI AzAnurUpa dhana pAne se vaMcita rahate haiN| kartavya zIlatAse saMpanna banakara santoSa dhanakA dhanI bananA unake bhAgya meM kabhI nahIM hotaa| unake hRdayameM kAmanArUpI daridratAkA aTala nivAsa bana jAtA hai / durAzA parihRtyaiva sadAzAM vardhayet sdaa| manuSya durAzA ( yA bandhanarUpa AzA ) ko tyAgakara bhabandhanakAriNI sadAzA ( satya nirbharatA ) para ( jise IzvarecchA bhI kahate haiM ) sthira rahe ! 'anirvedaH zriyo mUlam / ' utsAha na choDanA, khinna na honA, kAtara na honA hI zrI-prAptikA mUla hai| Page #484 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ AzAke dAsa sadA adhIra 457 'duradhigamaH parabhAgo yAvatpuruSeNa pauruSaM na kRtam / ' jabataka manuSya puruSArtha nahIM karatA tabataka zreSThapada, mahatva yA paristhiti para vijaya nahIM paataa| ( AzAke dAsa sadA adhIra ) AzApare na dhairyam // 505 // AzAparAyaNa vyaktike pAsa sthiraghuddhitArUpI dhairya nahIM hotaa| vivaraNa- AzAkA dAsa dhIraja khoye binA nahIM maantaa| vyAvahArika jagata meM mAzAkA sthAna hone para bhI usakI maryAdAyeM bhI to haiM / duHkharahita hokara susaMpAdita kartavya ke ucita bhautika pariNAmataka mAzAko sImita rakhanA cAhie / nirmAda AzA to manuSya kI manuSyatAkA bhayaMkara zatru hai| nirmaryAda mAzAvAlA mArga kumArgase upArjanameM pravRtta hokara saMsArameM Aga lagA DAlatA hai / vaha dhIraja nahIM rakha sktaa| kartavyaniSTha, durAzAse anabhibhUta loga hI dhIraja rakha sakate haiN| dhIrajake binA sukhazAnti donoM asaMbhava haiM / bhAzA pUrI na ho to jIvanako niHsAra mAna baiThane vAle para dhIraja arthAt satyArtha jIvana-dhAraNa karanevAlA viveka nahIM hotA / AzApara nirbhara rahanevAlA mAnava spIse baMdhe pazu ke samAna hAzArUpI razmiyoMse ba~dhA rahakara kartavyase bacatA bhIra akartavya kiyA karatA hai| kartavya kA svabhAva hai ki vaha kucha na kucha bhautika hAni kiye vinA pUraNa nahIM hotA / mAzAkA dAsa makatanyase bhautika lAbhoMkI saMbhAvanA dekhakara usI mora jhuka jAtA hai / kartagyase ba~dhanevAle loga durAzAse kabhI nahI baiNdhte| unheM unake kartavyapAlanakA phala mile yA na mile ve to kartavya.. pAlanakA saMtoSarUpI phala hAtha meM lekara kartavya-buddhise karma karate cale jAte haiM / unakI dRSTi meM apanA kartavya pUrA kara lenA hI unakI kRtArthatA hotI hai / manuSya jabataka isa dRSTi se kataya karanA nahIM sonegA aura kamyake Page #485 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 458 cANakyasUtrANi mArgake kAMTe isa AzAko dhakkA dekara apane mArgase dUra nahIM haTA degA, tabataka vaha bhojasvI, tejasvI, aSya, aprakAmya, udAtta, sammAnita jIvana nahIM bitA skegaa| AzAke dAsake pAsa sammAna, sthiratA, dhIraja, teja, moja aura vijayI jIvana nAmakI koI vastu nahIM hotii| AzAyAH khalu ye dAsA dAsAste sarvalokasya / yeSAmAzA dAsI teSAM dAsAyata lokaH / / AzAke dAsa sAre hI saMsArake dAsa hote haiM / jo loga AzAko apanI dAsI banA kara rakhane kI kalA jAna jAte haiM, yaha saMsAra unakA dAsa hojAtA hai| mAzAke dAsakI bhAzA kabhI pUrI nahIM hotI / bhAzAke dAsakA saMpUrNa jIvana nairAzyamaya hokara duHkhabhare dIrgha niHzvAsoMse bharapUra rahatA hai| ___aznute vikSipati janamiti aashaa|' jo manuSyako vyApta karake vikSipta banA DAle use mAzA kahate haiN| pAThAntara--nAstyAzApare dhairyam / (anutsAha mRtAvasthA ) dainyAnmaraNamuttamam // 506 // dIna bananese to mara jAnA uttama hai / vivaraNa--- apane ko dIna, nikRSTa, nikammA, asahAya, kRza, aparicchada samajhakara anutsAhita ho baiThanA mara jAnese bhI nikRSTa avasthA hai / dainya na rahanA hI jIvana kI sArthakatA yA jIvita hRdayavAlI sthiti hai| jIvanake uddezyako upekSita karake jIvanamRta rahane kI sthitiko nindita tathA jIvanako sArthaka karane ke liye utsAhita karanA hI isa sUtrakA abhiH prAya hai, mRtyukA AhvAna karanA nhiiN| mRtyu ko acchA mAnanekI manodazA kisI bhI avasthAmeM prazaMsanIya nahIM hai| jIvana hI jIvita manuSya ke liye varaNIya sthiti hai / jIvanakA anta kara DAlanekI bhAvanA mAnava-dehadhAraNake uddezya ke viruddha hai / apane ko dIna, nikRSTa, nikammA samajhakara anutsAhita ho baiThanA mRtyuse bhI nikRSTa avasthA hai| Page #486 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ AtmaprazaMsA akartavya 459 mAnava-jIvanakA uddezya nikRSTa bananA nahIM hai| utkRSTatA hI mAnavajIvanakA lakSya hai| dInatA durAzAkA hI vikAra hai / mRtyu manuSyako kevala ekabAra mAratI hai jaba ki dInatA usakI manuSyatAkA pratyeka kSaNa dama ghoTatI rahatI hai| ( AzAke dAsa nirlajja ) AzA lajjAM vyapohati // 507 // AzA ( arthAt viSaya- lolupatA jise durAzA bhI kahanA cAhiye ) manuSyakI lajjA arthAt ziSTatAko nae karatI aura lobhAgniko prajvalita karatI hai| vivaraNa- AzA manuSya ko gardita, avicArita, anucita kAmameM lagA DAlatI hai / mAzAdhIna manuSya lajjA tyAgakara ziSTatAko tilAMjali dekara asAdha AcaraNa karanepara utara bhAtA hai| vaha kisI bhI pAsa apanA lobha pUrA hone ke sapane dekhakara usake Age hAtha pasAra detA hai aura apamAnita hotA hai| pAThAntara--- AzAparo nirlajjo bhavati / pAzAkA dAsa mAnadha lajA tyAgakara asAdhu AcaraNa karatA hai| na mAtrA saha vAsaH kartavyaH // 508 // ( AtmaprazaMsA akartavya ) AtmA na stotavyaH // 509 // apanI prazaMsA nahIM karanI cAhiye / vivaraNa-prazaMsanIya mAcaraNa karane kI hI AvazyakatA hai, AtmaprazaMsA karane kI nahIM / bhAtmaprazaMsAse zrotRsamAjake dhairya para mAkramaNa hotA hai tathA vaktA svayaM niMdita hojAtA hai / prazaMsanIya bhAcaraNa svayaM hI mUrtimAna prazaMsA bana jAtA hai| Page #487 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 460 cANakyasUtrANi 'na hi kastUrikAmodaH zapathena vibhAvyate / kasturIke Amoda ke liye zapathakI AvazyakatA nahIM paDatI | AcaraNakI nyUnatA hI AtmazlAghIke manameM apane nyUnabhAgako vANI se pUrA karane kI pravRttiko utpanna karatI hai / prazaMsitAcaraNI mAnava AtmatRptikI avasthA meM samudra ke bhItara-bAhara jalapUrNa ghaDeke samAna pUrNAvasthA meM rahatA hai / jaise kSudra vyApArI loga vikreya padArthoMke nikammepanako usake mithyAguNakIrtana se Dhaka denA cAhA karate haiM, isI prakAra samAjako Thagane ke icchuka dhUrta loga apane zrotAoM ko AtmaprazaMsAse pratArita karanekA prayatna karate haiM / bhAtmazlAghA buddhimAn zrotAoMko kaTu bhI lagatI aura vaktAko niSkapaTatA ke viSaya meM saMdeha bhI utpanna kara DAlatI hai / satyakI hI mahimA gArA vANIkI kuzalatA hai / apane vyaktitvakA guNagAna to vaktAkI vANIkI aotA hai| apane vyaktitvakA pracAra karanekI bhAvanA pracArakakI asatyaniSTA yA midhyAyazobhilASAkA paricAyaka hotA hai 1 ( mUDhasamAja meM AtmakathA' ke nAma se AtmaprazaMsAkI pravRttiko baDA protsAhana mila jAtA hai / AtmakIrtita pApa bhI prazaMsanIya mahAtmApana bana jAne lagA hai / mUDhaloga apane kAnoM ko raddIko TokarI banAkara jo koI kucha sunAne yA paDhAne lage use hI sunane aura paDhaneko prastuta hojAte haiM / hamArI zravaNazakti hamapara hamAre vidhItAkI pavitra dharohara hai / isaliye kisIkI AtmaprazaMsA sunane aura AtmakathA paDhane meM apanI zravaNazakti vyaya kara DAlanA baDI hI nikRSTa manodazA hai / logoM kI isa mauThyamayI sthiti se anucita lAbha uThAnA cAhanevAle prabhutAlobhI asura pravRttike logoM ne rAjyasaMsthAko hathiyAne ke liye AtmaprazaMsAko rAjanaitika kSetra meM anucita mahatva de DAlA hai aura rAjanItiko vikretA vyApAriyoMkI vikreya vastu banA DAlA hai / kyoMki apanA DhiMDhorA pITakara, rAjanItijJa banakara, dezakI AMkhoM meM dhUla jhoMkakara, rAjyasaMsthAko ithiyA lene kI paripATI kAnUna ke dvArA svIkRta hogaI hai isa kAraNa samAjane AtmaprazaMsAkI nindanIyatAko Page #488 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ AtmaprazaMsA akatavya kaMvala bhulA hI nahIM DAlA pratyuta use rAjyasaMsthAmeM pravezakA dvAra bhI banA liyA hai| apane gale meM bhAramaprazaMsAkA Dhola DAlakara rAjanItijJa banakara, dezako dhokhA dekara rAjya hathiyAne kI pravRtti kAnUnase nindanIya honA cAhiye / parantu jaba kAnana banAne kA adhikAra hI apariNata tathA anubhavahIna, amiSTha, pramAdI, vipralipsu, Atmambhari, pratAraka ayogya logoM ke hAthoM meM pahu~ca jAya taba deza kI DUbatI naukAko ina prAtmazlAghI dharmoM ke hAthoMse kauna bacAye ? jisa AtmazlAghAkA samAja meM atyanta nindita sthAna ho, usIko rAjya. thAke nirmANameM sthAna de danA dezake sAtha kitanA baDA vizvAsaghAta hai ? yaha dekhakara samAjako ina bhAsmazlAdhI dhokevAja rAjanItijJoM ke liye ucita daNDavyavasthA karake inake AtmapracArako kAnana se rokanA cAhiye / koI bhI vyakti apanI AtmaprazaMsAke pula bAMdhakara rAjyavyavasthAmeM nahIM jA sakatA cAhiye / usameM jo koI jAya kevala samAja kI sadicchA bhAra AvazyakatAse jAnA cAhiye / jise samAja prazaMsanIya pAya usake pAsa apanI ora se jAkara rAjyasaMsthAmeM jAne ke liya prArthanA karake use vahAM bheje, to rAjya. vyavasthA meM pavitratAkA bolabAlA ho / Upara svayaM svaguNa kIrtanakA niSadha kiyA hai / yadi kahIM kisI apari. vita kSetra meM satyArtha svaguNa-kIrtana karanA Avazyaka tathA anivArya ho ko apane vyaktitvako mahatva na dakara satyako ho mahatva denA cAhie / manuSya AtmazlAghAse dAmbhika tathA abhimAnI mAnA jAne lagatA hai / manuSyoM ko AtmazlAbosa ghRNA ho jAtI hai / yAlA puSpagandha mAraka bAyuke samAna buddhimAna pratiSThita logo dvArA samAja phala taba hI yA samAja meM prIti kara aura svIkRta hotA hai| adyApi durnivAraM stutikanyA bahAta kaumAram / sadbhyo na rocate sA'santastasye na rocanta / stutikanyA maSTi prAraMbhase Ajataka kuMArI calI bAra hai aura usake Page #489 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi kaumIrake miTane ke koI lakSaNa nahIM hai / usakA pahalA kAraNa to yaha hai ki bhale logoMko yaha rucatI nahIM / dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki nikRSTa loga ise nahIM ructe| saMta loka stuti nahIM caahte| asata loka stuti ke ayogya hote haiN| mAtmapracArakakI mAramapazaMsA unheM niMdita hI siddha karatI hai| pAThAntara- nAtmA kvApi stotavyaH / kahIM bhI kisI bhI rUpa meM bhAtmaprazaMsA na karanI cAhiye / (divAzayana akartavya ) na divA svapnaM kuryAt / / 510 // dinameM nahIM sonA caahiye| vivaraNa- dinameM sonesa nizcita rUpameM kArya hAni, deha meM vAyukI vRddhi, magnimAndya ziroroga tathA AyukA hrAma hotA hai / dinameM sona! AyurvedameM prAyaH pratyeka rogakA kAraNa likhA hai / choTe bAlaka rogI tathA rAtameM jAge hue loga dina meM ho sakate haiN| 'AyuH kSayaryA divA nidraa|' divAnidrA AyunAzaka hotI hai| bhArata meM kahA hai--- 'divAzayA na me putrA na rAtrI dAdhamojinaH / ' mere putra na to dinameM sote haiM aura na rAtako dadhi khAte haiN| mAyurveda meM donoMkI hAniyAM varNita haiN| (aizvaryAndha nirviveka ) na cAsannamapi pazyatyaizvaryAndhaH na zaNotISTaM vAkyam // 511 // dhanAndha vyakti vyAvahArika saMparkameM AnevAle hitopadeSTA Asanna vyaktiyoMke vyaktitvakI upekSA kiyA karatA hai tathA unake hitakArI vacanoMpara bhI kAna nahIM diyA krtaa| Page #490 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aizvaryAndha nirviveka vivaraNa- rAjyaizvarya pAkara aMdhA banA huA sajA yA rAjyAdhikArI apane saMparka meM thAnevAloM kI upekSA karatA tathA rASTrake guNI logoMke hitopadezapara kAma nahIM detaa| jaba ki manovikAra dhanagarvita sAdhAraNa vyaktimeM bhI anivArya rUpase A jAte haiM taba hAthameM rAjyaizvarya jaisI mahA. zakti pA jAnevAle vyakkimeM manovikAroMkA AnA svAbhAvika hai| jaba rAjyai. zvarya pA jAnevAle loga apane Apako rASTra ke sevaka na samajhakara rASTrake prabhu yA zAsaka jAtike svecchAcArake vizeSAdhikArI naratna mAna baiThate haiM taba ina logoM kI uddaNDatAkI koI sImA nahIM rahatI / kartavya ke anurodhase dezake gaNya, mAnya, buddhimAn svAbhimAnI logoM ke ina uddaNTa logoM ke pApa jAne ke avasara mAte hI rahate haiN| apane anaitika prayatnoMse zAsakapadoMpara car3ha paiTha hue ye asura loga apane uddaNDa svabhAvase vivaza hokara logoM ke sAtha ziSTAcAra baratanA apane zAsakIya mithyA gauravake viruddha samajha lete aura nAka-mI caDhAkara apane dvArapara mAnevAle bhadra puruSoM kA apamAna yA upekSA kiye binA nahIM maante| ye loga aise bhraSTa hojAte haiM ki rASTrakA lokamata rASTrakalyANakI dRSTi se inake bhAsurIpanake viruddha cAhe jitanI rola macAtA rahe yA inake adhikAroSNa mastiSkako zItala karane ke liye kartavyaparAyaNatA tathA rASTa. sevAke cAhe jitane hitopadeza sunAyA kare, ve inake bahare kAnoM meM praveza nahIM kara paate| ina logoMke uttejaka svabhAva rASTrameM azAnti utpanna karake vidrohAgni bhaDakAkara anta meM ina logoM ko laMkAbhraSTa rAvaNake samAna rAjya bhraSTa kiye vinA nahIM mAnate / dhanAMdhoM kI rASTra ke yogya logoM ko na pahacAnane tathA unakA hitopadeza na sunane kI yaha pravRtti unhIke vinAzakI pUrva sUcanA hai| vipatti pAne ke samaya manuSya kI buddhi, mana aura indriyA~ vikala hojAtI haiM / 'prAyaH samApannavipattikAle dhiyo'pi pusAM malinIbhavati ' jakhe aindri yaka viSayoM ke ati sevanase zarIra meM raktakA hAsa hokara A~khoM meM taimirika Page #491 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi roga hojAtA hai, isI prakAra dhanavRddhi se bhaviveka ho jAnepara dhanagarvita mAnavako hitakArI vidyAvayovRddha loga bhI kSudra tathA upekSya dIkhane lagate haiM, anyAya, nyAya pratIta hone lagatA hai aura adharma dharma bhAsane lagatA hai| sampatti eka prakArakA manAyurvaidika roga hai / yaha manuSya ke kAnoMko baharA, vANIko gUMgA, A~khoMko aMdhA tathA gAtrayaSTiko vikRta ( aiThIlA ) banA DAlatA hai| badhirayAMta karNavivaraM, vAcaM mUkayati, nayanamandhayati / vikRtayati gAtrayaSTi, sampadrogo'yamadbhuto rAjan / / 'zriyAptyabhIkSAM saMvAso darpayanmohayedAMpa' sampattike sAtha nirantara avivekapUrNa sahavAsa manuSya meM darpa aura moha utpanna kara hI DAlatA hai| dhana eka sAdhanamAtra hai| sAdhana sadA aMdhA hotA hai| vaha kArya ke hI samAna akAya karane kA bhI sAdhana hotA hai| dhanakA sadupayoga karanevAlA viveka hI dhanakI bhAkha hai / vahIM use cakSuSmAna banAtA hai / dhana apane suyogya saMcAlakake netRtvameM dI zakti banatA hai / sAdhana suyogya netRtva ke abhAva meM zakti na banakara azakti tathA hAnikAraka bana jAtA hai / isaliye vicArazIla loga dhanapara apanA saiddhAntika niyaMtraNa rakhate haiN| ve siddhAnta viruddha upArjana karanA yA avaidha dhanakA apane pAsa khAnA svIkAra nahIM yaha saca hai ki dhana jIvanayAtrAkA eka sAdhana hai / parantu yaha bhI saca haiM ki ghanAndhatA manuSya kI manuSyatAkA zatru hai / dhanAndhatA daridratAle bhI bhayaMkara ati hai / sindvAntahInatA ke sAtha mAyA huA dhana jisa ghara meM mA culatA hai, usa samanta duguMgoM ko A dhulane kA nirvAdha adhikAra de detA hai| vaha usa ghara ke samasta mAnavocita guNoM kA bahiSkAra kara detA hai / vaha usa gharakA naitika rUpase nAza kiye binA usa gharase nahIM ttltaa| isaliye jisa prakAra agnikI gRhadAhakatAko bacAkara usakA sadupayoga kiyA jAtA hai, isI prakAra manuSya dhanajanya dAniyoM ko bacAtA hunA hI dhanakA upa. yoga kreN| Page #492 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jArIkA sarvazreSTha deva pAThAntara--na cAsanamapi pazyatyaizvaryatimiracakSaH na zRNotISTaM vAkyam / aizvaryarUpI timira rogakA rogI rAjyAdhikArI zeSa artha samAna hai| ( nArIkA sarvazreSTha deva) strINAM na bhartuH paraM devatam // 512 // AryanAriyoMkA patise adhika pUjanIya aura sevya koI nahIM hai| vivaraNa- satya hI manuSyamAtrakA pati yA prabha hai| pativratA nArIke lie apane satyaniSTha suyogya patikI sevA satyakI hI sevA hai| mUrtimAna satya svarUpa pati kI avajJA karanevAlI bananA aura usakI sevAmeM truTi karanA nArIkI kaluSita manovRttikA paricAyaka hai / satyasvarUpa pati ke sevAdharmase cyuta honevAlI nArI parivAra tathA samAjakI sevAko bhI tyAga detI hai / satyasvarUpa pati-sevA strIke samasta sAmAjika kartavyokI pratIka hai / satyamvarUpa patikI sevA tyAganevAlI strI adharma ke prabhAvameM Akara apanA, parivArakA tathA samAjakA, sabakA hI ahita karane lagatI hai| pativratA nArI bhAI-bahana, cAcA-tAU, zvazura mAdi tathA gharake sevakoM takakI zraddhAse sevA karatI bhora kisIko AkSepakA avasara nahIM detii| sneha, prema, mAtmatyAga, sevA aura lAvaNya striyoM kA vizeSa svabhAva hotA hai / striyoM ko apane ina saba guNoM kI rakSAke liye jisa samAjake sahayogakI zrAvazyakatA hotI hai, usa samAja ne unake ina guNoM kI rakSA ke liye dAmpatya nAmaka samAjabandhanameM rahane tathA isa bandhanako dRDhatAse sthira rakhane meM hI unakA kalyANa niyata kiyA hai aura ise 'mamAja -vyavasthA kA nAma diyA hai| yadi ve isa samAja-bandhanakI upekSA kareM to unakA astitva nirAzrita ho kara arakSita honAya / dAmpatya nAmaka dharma-bandhanake upekSita hone para striyoM ko samAja meM sukha-zAnti se jIvana-yApanakI saMbhAvanAyeM naSTa ho jAtI 30 (cANakya. Page #493 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi haiM / pAThaka yaha na bhUleM ki nArIkA pAtivratya dharma sAya-sevAse abhinna hone ke kAraNa yaha sUtra patipara bhI satya sevaka honekA baMdhana lagA rahA hai / tadanuvartanamubhayasaukhyam // 513 // patnI patike samasta dhArmika kRtyoMmeM sahayoginI banI rahe isameM patikA hI nahIM donoM hIkA jIvanabhara sukha aura hita hai| vivaraNa- ina donoMkA paraspara virodha honepara gRhasthasaMbandhI karta. vyoMkI hAni tathA donoM ko nirantara kleza rahane lagatA hai / strIkA kartavya hai ki vaha gharelU, sAmAjika yA pAramArthika saba kAmoM meM satyaniSTha bhartAkA anusaraNa kare, usakI anujJA pAkara hI koI kAma kare aura apane saMbaMdha usakI sumati banAye rahe / isI prakAra patike bhI patnIke saMbaMdha gaMbhIra kartavya haiM / jahA~ dAmpatya dharma ubhayapakSase pAlita nahIM hotA vahA~ke gAIsthya jIvanakA duHkhadAyI honA anivArya hojAtA hai| pAThAntara- apatyaM strINAmubhayatra saukhyaM vahati / apasya striyoMko vartamAna tathA bhAvI donoM meM sukha detA hai| (atithi-pUjA) atithimabhyAgatam pUjayedyathAvidhi // 514 // atithi (samaya nizcita na karake akasmAt ghara upasthita honevAle tathA upasthita hokara gRhasthase sevA pAneke paricita yA aparicita adhikArI) tathA abhyAgata (samaya nizcaya karake AnevAle sevA pAneke paricita adhikArI) donoMkA yathAvidhi satkAra kre| vivaraNa- atithi tathA abhyAgatakI sevA karanekA prasaMga mAnepara manuSya ke sAmane yaha mukhya vicAraNIya samasyA bhA khar3I hotI hai ki inheM hamase sevA pAnekA adhikAra hai yA nahIM ? Agantukake aparicita hone para usakA paricaya, mAnekA uddezya tathA gRhastha kI sevA karanekI Page #494 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dAna dainika kartavya 467 zakti ina tIna bAtoMpara dhyAna rakhakara socanA cAhiye ki AgantukakI sevAke durupayukta hone kI sambhAvanA to nahIM hai ? aura isakI sevA karanA samAja-kalyANakI raSTise atyAjya bhAvazyaka kartavya bhI hai yA nahIM? ina donoM praznoMkA saMtoSajanaka samAdhAna hojAnepara Agantuka loga atithi rUpameM svIkRta honeke adhikArI bana jAte haiN| atithi-sevAkA prasaMga mAnepara gRhasthameM usakI sevA karane kI zakti hone na honekA vicAra bhI atyAvazyaka hotA hai / yadi gRhastha roga, zoka, karta. nyAntarako vyagratA, sthAnAbhAva Adi anivArya kAraNoM se azakta ho to usakI azaktatA hI sevAdharmakI asvIkRtikA ucita kAraNa bana jAtI hai| usa samaya namratAke sAtha matithise apanI asamarthatA prakaTa kara denA gRhasthakA kartavya hotA hai| gRhasthake pAsa kisI prakArakI vivazatA na honepara apane bhojanAgchAdana tathA mAzraya sthAnase hArdikatAke sAtha bhAgantukakI sevA karanA kartavya hotA hai| yadi gRhasthoMko bhAgantukake uddezya aura paricayase saMtoSa na ho to zakti hote hue bhI usakI sevA na karanA mI gArhasthya dharmake hI antargata hai / ajJAta kulazIla vyaktiko kSaNabharake liye bhI parivArameM sammilita karanA aniSTakI sambhAvanAse rItA na hone ke kAraNa use svIkAra karanA na kevala nirbuddhitA hai pratyuta samAjakalyANakI iSTise adharma bhI hai| na hyavijJAtazIlasya pradAtavyaH pratizrayaH / ( dAna dainika kartavya ) (adhikasUtra ) nityaM saMvibhAgI syAt / apane upArjita dhanapara ucita adhikAra rakhanevAloMko unakA bhAga sadA hI detA rhe| vivaraNa- dhanopArjana jisa samAjakI sahAnubhUti tathA jina svajana bAndhavoMke sahayogase ho pAtA hai, dhana sabako una sabakA adhikAra samAja Page #495 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi bandhanakI rItinotike anusAra rAjakarake rUpa meM dete rahanA caahiye| isake atirikta sAmarthyAnusAra deza, kAla, pAtrakA dhyAna rakhakara dAna bhI karanA cAhiye / Apane upArjanakA bhogAdhikAra apane meM hI saMkucita na rakhA jAkara jisa samAjake sAtha apanA mana sammilita ho, jisake prati apanI sahAnubhUti ho, usake kalyANake anukUla apane jIvana-sAdhanoMko vibhAjita karate rahanA bhI gRhastha kA dharma hai / gRhastha dharma meM dIkSita loga samasta rASTra-kalyANake uttaradAyI haiN| yathA nadInadAH sarve sAgare yAnti saMsthitim / tathA gRhasthamAzritya sarve jIvanti jantavaH // ( manu ) unakA kartavya hai ki ve apanI jIvanayAtrAke sAdhanoM ko samAja-kalyANake kAmoM meM bA~Takara jaba apane bhogyadayoko samAjasevArUpI yaatk| zeSa banA leM taba hI unakA upayoga kareM / yazaziSTAmatabhajo yAnti brahma sanAtanam / manuSya jitanA upArjana kare usameM se pratidina atithi, devatA, pitara, dIna mAdi una samastako jo samAjapara nirbhara rahate haiM, dAna de tathA samAja kalyANake kAma meM niyamita rUpa ra utsAhapUrvaka arpaNa kare / apanA samasta upArjana svayaM hI khA pIkara barAbara na kara de / manuSya jisa samAja ke sahayogase upArjana kara rahA hai usa ( samAja ) ko to usa upArjanameM se upA. jakako dAnabhAvanA ke dvArA yogya bhAga pAnekA pUrNa adhikAra hai aura yogya bhAga dene meM kRtajJa mAnavakA bhAtmakalyANa hai| __pratyeka manuSya apane samAja ko sukhI tathA sadguNI banAne meM apane dainika upArjana meM se eka sunizcita bhAga detA rahe taba hI koI samAja sukhI raha sakatA hai aura apane vyaktiyoM ko sukhI tathA sadagago rakha sakatA hai / manupyake vyaktigata jIvanakA sukhI honA upake samAja ke sukhI, sadguNI tathA dAnI honepara hI nirbhara hai| manuSya kA vyaktigata jIvana usakI sAmAjika sthiti ke anusAra hI sukhI-duHkhI yA bhalA-burA hotA hai| isaliye manuSya Page #496 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dAna avyartha sAthI 469. apane sAmAjika uttaradAyitva tathA kartavyoMko pahacAnakara apane dainika upArjanameM se samAjakA bhAga samAjako anivArya rUpase dAna ke rUpa meM diyA kare / kevala peTa pAlanA koI mahatva nahIM rakhatA / manuSyakA mahattva to usa bAta meM hai jise manuSyetara prANI nahIM kara sakate / dUsare prANI meM sAmAjika divAdita buddhi nahIM hai / ve apane samAja kalyANameM koI mahatvapUrNa yoga deneke yogya hI nahIM hote / manuSyakA sevya samAja hI hai / vaha apane samAjake kalyANameM AtmakalyANa buddhise mahatvapUrNa sahayoga de sakatA hai / vaha apane samAja ke vyaktiyoMko sadguNI, sampanna aura sukhI banAne meM apanA sahayoga deneke pazcAt zeSa rahe dhanarUpI yajJazeSase apanI yAtrA kare isI meM usakI mahattA hai, isImeM usakA AtmakalyANa hai aura isI meM usake dezakA udAra hai 1 ( dAna avyartha sAthI ) nAsti havyasya vyAghAtaH / / 555 // yogya pAtra meM diyA huA dAna vyartha nahIM jAtA / www * vivaraNa - yogya pAtra meM diyA dAna hI havya yA yajJa-sAmagrI hai| samAja ke yogya sadasyoMkI sahAyatA karanA samAjakI hI sevA hai / samAja kalyANameM hI apanA kalyANa hai / isa dRSTile mAnavakA jIvana hI eka vizAla yajJakA rUpa le letA hai / isa dRSTise yogya pAtrameM dAna karanevAlA dAtA grahItApara koI upakAra na karake AtmakalyANa hI karatA hai / athavA - havya ( arthAt devapUjA yA samAja-sevA Adi kamauke liye zraddhApUrvaka pradatta dravya ) ko naSTa huA nahIM mAnA jAtA / dAna kabhI bhI vyartha yA niSphala nahIM jaataa| saccA dAna apanA koI bAhya pariNAma lA sake / yA na lA sake usase dAtAkA AtmA nizcitarUpa se unnata ho jAtA ( kSudratA tyAgakara mahattA prApta kara letA ) hai dAna Atma Page #497 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 470 cANakyasUtrANi darzanakI sthiti hai| dAna kisIpara kRpA nahIM hai, dAna to apanA hI kalyANa yA apanA hI sAvika svArtha hai| dAna akSaya nidhi hai| satya ke hAthoM bhAramadAna dAnakA saccA rUpa hai| (zatruko pachADanekA upAya ) ( adhikasUtra) zatrarapi pramAdI lobhAta / lobhameM A jAnepara zatru bhI apane zatrutArUpI lakSya meM pramAda kara letA yA apane lakSyase bhraSTa hojAtA hai| vivaraNa--hamArA zatra hameM miTAnA cAhatA hai| vaha hamArA aniSTa karanepara tulA hotA hai| use isa lakSyase bhraSTa karane ke bhI kucha upAya hote haiM / aise samaya use aisA bhArI lobha denA cAhiye jisa lobhapara vijaya pAnA usake vaza meM na ho / lobha manuSyakA nirbala sthAna ( marmasthala ) hai| nirbala sthAnapara abhyartha AghAta karanese zatrako vinaSTa karanA sukhakara hotA hai / lobha AyA to manuSyakI saMgrAma-pravRtti-ko mara gayA samajho! ( bhajitendriyatAse parAjaya nizcita ) zarmitravata pratibhAti // 516 / / buddhibhraMza hojAnepara zatru bhI mitra dikhAI dene lagatA hai| vivaraNa- lobha mA jAnepara manuSyako zatru bhI vizvAsapAtra hitakArI mitra pratIta hone lagatA hai / lobhavaza hojAnA hI buddhi bhraMzatA hai| lobha hI pralobhana upasthita karatA hai / zatru bhI pralobhanoM ke dvArA mitrakA vaza banAkara Thagane kA prayatna karatA hai / lobhake vazameM na mAnA jitendriya logoMkA kAma hai| jitendriya hokara hI saMgrAmavijayI bananA sambhava hai| indriyoM ke dAsake liye vIratA nAmakI koI sthiti nahIM hotii| jitendriya loga hI raNakSetrameM vIratAkA sammAna pAne tathA sunizcita vijaya lAbha karane ke adhikArI hote haiN| Page #498 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ ajitendriyatAse ThagaImeM AnA nizcita 471 athavA- zatru apanI caturAIle mitratA dIkhane lagatA hai| apane manameM zaThatA aura kapaTa rakhanevAlA zatru apane durbhAvako mIThI vANI tathA dikhAvaTI saujanya se chipAkara sAmanItise mitrakA bheSa bhara letA hai| bholA mAnava lobhAkAnta hokara vizvAsa na karane yogyakA vizvAsa kara letA aura duHkha bhogatA hai / isaliye manuSya dikhAvaTI mitroM ke dhokemeM phaMsanese bace rahane ke liye pUrNa satarka rhe| ( ajitendriyatAse ThagaImeM mAnA nizcita ) mRgatRSNA jalavad bhAti / / 517 // jaise mRgatRSNA jala sI dIkhane para bhI jala nahIM hotI, isI prakAra vacaka loga lubhAvanI vAtoke aise hare-bhare udyAna lagA. kara prastuta kara dete haiM ki ajinendriya yoddhA unheM saca mAnakara unake vAgjAlameM pha~sa jAte. ThagaImeM A jAte aura apane saMgrAma karane ke lakSyase bhraSTa hojAte haiN| aise avasaroMpara ajitendriyoMkA parAjaya nizcita hotA hai| vivaraNa-- dhokha ke sthAnoM meM chipA to kucha aura hotA hai aura dIkhatA kucha aura hai| buddhikA upayoga dhoke se bacakara rahane meM hI hai / jaise vyAdha mRgoM ko bInase mohita karake unakA AkheTa karate haiM isI prakAra zatru loga pralobhanoM ke pAzoMse bAMdhakara manuSya kA sarvanAza karate haiM / vaMca. koMkI ThagaI meM na AnA buddhimAnoMkA kartavya hai / 'magANAM tRSNA mRga. tRSNA' mUDha mRga tIna dhUpake samaya marubhUmiko tapta bAlukAoMkI dIptiko jalakI taraMga samajhakara pAnI pAnekI mithyA abhilASAse usa ora doDate haiM aura vaha dIpti unase mAgehI mAge sarakatI aura unheM pyAsA mAratI calI jAtI hai| unakI yaha mUDha vandhyA bhabhilASA hI mRgatRSNA hai| pAThAntara- jalArthinAM jalavat mRgatRSNA pratibhAti / mRgatRSNA jalArthiyoM ko jalanulya pratIta humA karatI hai| Page #499 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 472 cANakyasUtrANi ( durviAta ulahanese na mAnakara daNDase mAnatA hai ) ( adhika sUtra ) upAlambho nAstyapraNayeSu / __ avinIta azraddhAluoMko ulAhanA denA yA unakI zAbdika nindAmAtra karanA nirarthaka hotA hai (koI artha nahIM rakhatA ) / vivaraNa- vinaya, zraddhA tathA prItise hIna duhRdaya, apraNayI loga apane aparAdhoMpara upAlambha, ( ulAhanA, nindAvacana ) rUpI sAmAnya daNDakA koI mUlya nahIM lagAte / unheM tIvra daNDa denekI AvazyakatA hotI hai| lajjAhIna mavinIta azraddhAluoMpara ulahanekA koI prabhAva nahIM hota!! unheM ulahanA dekara unakA kumArga nahIM chaDAyA jA sktaa| vaM sAmaka nItise vazameM na Akara daNDanIti ke yogya hote haiM / upAlambha do prakAra kA hotA hai- eka to guNoM kA smaraNa dilAkara ki aise pratiSThita kula meM utpanna hue tumhAre liye yaha kyA ucita thA ? dUsaredoSoMkI nindA karake ki tuma jaise ayogya vyakti aura kara ho kyA sakate the ? (kusAhitya samAjako bhraSTa karatA hai ) durmedha sAmasacchAstraM mohayati / / 5.8 // mlacchoMke zAstra arthAt anAtmajJa logoMke likhe hue graMtha alpabuddhi logoMko Thagate haiN| athavA- mithyAzAstra yA granthoMkI kusRSTi durmedhA logoko vipathagAmI kiyA karatI hai / vivaraNa- viSayAbhiniveza yA akartavyameM pravRtta karane tathA kartavya chuDAnevAle zAstra asacchAstra kahAte haiM / yaha sArA saMsAra masAnyoM yA asacchAstroM kA bahakAyA humA hI to vipathameM dhakke khAtA phira rahA hai / kisIkI anubhavasaMpatti usIke manarUpI khetakI upaja hotI hai| usa anubhavasampattikA gaNita yA lekhAjokhA hI zAroMkA rUpa le letA hai : Page #500 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kusAhitya samajako bhraSTa karatA hai 473 zAstra sacchAstra bhasacchAstra bhedase do prakArake hote haiM / pranthalekhaka loga apane jIvanoM meM burI bhalI ghaTanAoM ke rUpameM amRta tathA viSa donoMhIko anubhava karate haiN| kisI bhI vicArazIla lekhakako apane anubhUta viSako pranthakA rUpa nahIM denA cAhiye / use to apane anubhUta duSprasaMgoM ko saMsA. rako usake duSprabhAvase bacAkara apane meM hI jIrNa hone dene ke liye gupta rakhanA caahiye| unheM use bharane kaTu anubhavoM ko saMsArake sAmane rakhakara saMsArameM pApa baDhAne meM bhUlakara bhI sahAyaka nahIM bananA cAhiye / parantu saMsArakA Adhunika lekhaka-samAja itanA aMdhA aura gaMdA ho cukA hai ki vaha apane mithyA vizvAsoM, kuruciyoM, bhrAntiyoM, pramAdoM tathA apane jIvana ke asAmAjika anucita adhArmika kAmoMko bhI apanI dhArmikatA yA satya bhASitAke prakhyApanake liye yA dUsaroMse mahAtmApanakA pramANapatra lene ke liye granthakA rUpa dene meM lajjA aura kanyahInatA anubhava nahIM krtaa| vaha nahIM jAnatA ki mere yazasvo samajhe hae lekhakake ye lekha mere deza ke malpamati pAThakoM ke liye duSTAnta upasthita karanevAle bana kara hAlAhalakA kAma kareMge aura mere samAjameM pApa phailAnevAle baneMge ? javase manuSyane apanA viveka khoyA hai, tabase samAjake durbhAgyase kuprandhoM ko bhI graMthoMkI zreNI meM khaDe honekA kuavasara prApta ho gayA hai / vicArazIla lekhaka apane jIvana. vyApI amRtAsvAdako hI granthakA rUpa diyA karate haiN| unake isa amata. varNanase bAbAlavRddha kisI bhI pAThakake mohagrasta honekA Dara nahIM hotA / acche lekhakoMmeM bhrama, pramAda, vipralipsA na honese unake prantha manuSyako digyASTi denevAle hote haiM / upanyAsa nATaka, galpa kahAnI, azlIla gAthA, kAmottejaka tukabandI, Atmacaritra Adi saba AmacchAstroM kI zreNI meM Ate haiN| pAThAntara- durmedhasAM mahacchAstraM buddhiM mohayati / vizAlakAya durUhazAstra durbuddhiyoM kI buddhi kuMThita kara DAlatA hai| jJAnako zAstra kahalAnevAle granthoM meM se udhArA nahIM liyA jA sktaa| satyakA zAsana hI zAstra hai / sasya mAnavakA svarUpa hai| satya jJAna tathA Page #501 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi Ananda tInoM hI mAnava ke svarUpa haiN| mAnava ke svarUpa meM vedazAstroMkA vAsa hai | satya mAnavahRdayavAsI jIvitazAstra hai / manuSyane apane pramAdase isa jIvita zAstra se apanA saMbandha toDa liyA hai / isa jIvita zAstra ke sAtha AdAna-pradAnakA saMbandha joDakara rakhanA manuSyakA kartavya hai / yaha saMbandha hojAnepara arthAt apane hRdayastha satyasvarUpakA pratyakSa kara lenepara hI manuSya zAstrajJa jJAnI banatA hai / kartavyAkartavya nirNaya karanekI kuzalatA pA jAnA hI to zAstrAvalokanakA uddezya hai / granthAvalambI bana jAnA zAstrAvalokanakA uddezya nahIM hai / granthAvalambIko sadasadvicAra prApta nahIM hotA / sadasadvicArakI yogyatA apanI bhAntara svarUpabhUta jJAnajyotike jagamagA uThane se hI prApta hotI hai / manuSya jJAnI bana cukaneke pazcAt hI zAstrameM satyakA darzana karane meM samartha hotA hai| ajJAnI rahate hue zAkhoM ke pannoM meM se ajJAnakA hI samarthana prApta hotA hai / 474 , niruktakAra yAska ke zabdoMmeM ' naiteSu jJAnamastyanRpera tapaso vA 'vedoM meM usa manuSya ke liye koI tavajJAna nahIM hai jo svayaM vedoMke dvaSTA, RSiyoM jaisA tatvadarzI aura tapasvI nahIM hai / dUsare zabdoM meM zAstroM meM satyakA darzana saba kisIko na hokara vevala jJAnIko hotA hai / ajJAnI avasthA meM rahate hue zAstroMmeM apane ajJAnakA hI samarthana DhU~DhanA svAbhAvika hojAtA hai / ajJAnI manuSya zAstra kahalAnevAle granthako apane ajJAnakA samarthaka banA letA hai| sUtra meM isIko ajJAnIkA zAstra se mohagrasta hojAnA kahA hai / apane meM satyadarzana kara cukA huA moddAtIta jJAnI hI zruti, smRti tathA ziSToM ke AcaraNoMko apane hRdayastha satyake zAsanakI kasauTI para kasakara ina sabakI ekatA ke saMbaMdha meM saMdeha-rahita hokara apane vyAvahArika jIvana meM zAstrako mUrtimAn kara detA hai / ( bhUmikA svarga ) satsaMgaH svargavAsaH // 519 / / satsaMga hI svarganivAsa hai / vivaraNa- isa duHkha bhare saMsAra meM santasamAgama hI ekamAtra sAra hai / Page #502 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ AryakA udAra vartAva 475 santa loga isa jhulasatI huI marubhUmike ThaNDe jalasrota haiM / ' satAM sadbhiH saGgaH kathamapi hi puNyena bhavati' santokA santose samAgama kabhI kabhI baDe puNyoMse hotA hai / mahAkavi tulasIdAsa ke zabdoM meMsantasamAgama harikathA tulasI durlabha doya / (AryakA udAra bartAva ) AryaH svamiva paraM bhanyate // 520 // kartavyAkartavyake vicArase sampanna udAramati sajjana loga dUsaroMse jisa vartAvakI AzA karate haiM ve svayaM bhI dUsaroMke sAtha vahI bartAva karate haiN| vivaraNa-- sajana ve haiM jo dUsaroM ke sAtha apanI manuSyatAkI maryA. dAmeM rahakara bartAva karate haiM / ' udAracaritAnAM tu vasudhaiva kuTumba kama' yaha sampUrNa vasudhA udAracarita logoM kI dRSTi meM unhIMkA virATa parivAra hai| jo kAmanAkA dAma hai jisane kartavyAkartavya vicArako tilAMjali de rakkhI hai vahI ' manArya ' hai / manArya vaha hai jo kAmanAdhIna hokara dUsaroM ke sAtha vahI bartAva karatA hai jise vaha apane liye kisI bhI rUpameM kisI se bhI nahIM caahtaa| zrUyatAM dharmasarvasvaM zrutvA caivAvadhAryatAm / AtmanaH pratikRlAni pareSAM na samAcaret // 1 // yadanyairvihitaM necchedAtmanaH karma puruSaH / na tatpareSu kurvIta jAnannapriyamAtmanaH // 2 // na tatparasya sandadhyAt pratikUlaM ydaatmnH| eSa sAmAsiko dharmaH kAmAdanyaH pravartate // 3 // mahAbhArata dharmakA yaha sAra suno aura apanAno ki jo bAta tumhAre sAtha kI jAne para tumheM burI lage use tuma dUsaroM ke sAtha mata karo // 1 // manuSya jo Page #503 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 476 cANakyasUtrANi vyavahAra apane prati dUsaroM se kiyA jAnA na cAhe vaha dUsaroM ke sAtha bhI na kre| manuSya kaTu vyavahArako saba hoke liye kaDavA samajhakara dUsaroM ke sAtha bhI na kare // 2 // apane pratikUla laganevAlA vyavahAra dUsaroMse na karanA hI sampUrNa dharmakA sAra hai| manuSya kAmanAke adhIna hokara hI dUsa. roMke sAtha dharmavirodhI bartAva karatA hai / (AkRtise guNoM kA prAthamika AbhAsa ) rUpAnuvartI guNaH // 521 // jaisA rUpa vaisA hI guNa hotA hai| vivaraNa- prAyaH manuSya ke rUpa ( zArIrika abhivyakti ) ke bhItara usake zaurya, dhairya, zAnti, saMyama zAdi guNa vyakta hojAte haiM / guNiyoM ke guNa unake avayavoM taka meM alakA karate haiM / ina guNoMko janAnevAlI eka sAMketika lipi guNiyoMkI mukhAkRtipara likhI rahatI hai / puruSa parIkSAke pAraMgata loga manuSya ko dekhate hI usake guNoMko bhApa lete haiM / 'yatrAka tistatra guNA vasanti ' manuSya ke guNa usake sAkArameM bhI A basate haiM / athavA- sAdhAraNa manuSya kI AkRtise usake guNoM kA paricaya mila jAtA hai| yaha to saca hai ki guNa manuSya ke hRdaya meM rahatA hai isa kAraNa prathama. darzanase guNakA paricaya milanA saMbhava nahIM hotaa| paranta manuSya ke manuSyase milanekA prathama sopAna prAthamika mila na hI hotA hai| logoMkA svabhAva hai ki ve apane dehako apanI rucike anusAra veSabhUSAse alaMkRta karate haiM / dehake isa alaMkaraNa aura prasAdhanameM hI manuSya ke caritra kA pUrA itihAsa sAMketika bhASAmeM lagabhaga aMkita ho jAtA hai| manuSya kI ruci usakI zikSA-dIkSAse banatI hai / guNapArakhI loga rUpake prAthamika darza. nameM hI aparicita vyaktike guNoMkA pratyakSa karake tadanurUpa vyavahAra-vinimaya karate haiN| Page #504 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ castavya sthAnakI paribhASA sAdhAraNataH prathamadarzana hI aparicitake guNoMkA abhrAnta paricAyaka bana jAtA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki jabataka kisIkA sAkSAt darzana karake usase vyavahAra-vinimaya nahIM milatA, tabataka guNakA paricaya milanA saMbhava nahIM hotA / guNakA paricaya rUpase paricita hojAneke pazcAt hI honA sambhava hotA hai | manuSyako vinA dekhe usakA abhrAnta paricaya honA asaMbhava hai / manuSyakA rUpa cakSu indriyakA viSaya hai tathA usake guNa vicAranetra ke viSaya haiN| manuSyako sAkSAt vicAra-vinimaya na ho cukanevAle manuSya ke guNa-doSa ke sambandhameM udhArI sammati nahIM banAnI caahiye| kahanekA tAtparya yaha hai ki yadyapi prakRti apanI orase kisIke rUpameM guNako prakaTa nahIM karatI, parantu manuSya apanI ruci tathA zikSA-dIkSA ke anusAra apane dehako vastrAbhUSaNoMse sajjita karatA hai / usIse usake guNa usakI bAkUnipara jhalakane lagate haiM / svacchatA, anADambara, saumyatA Adi deddika lakSaNako dekhakara guNIke guNoM kA prAthamika AbhAsa mila jAtA hai / pAThAntara - prAyeNa rUpAnuvartinoguNAH / sAdhAraNatayA AkRtike anusAra guNa hote haiM / ( vastavya sthAnakI paribhASA ) yatra sukhena vartate tadeva sthAnam // 522 / / sukhakara sthAna hI nivAsayogya sthAna kahAtA hai / 477 vivaraNa - sukha mAnasika sthiti hai / manakI anukUlatA hI sukhakI paribhASA hai / mana yA to indriyoMkA dAsa yA unakA prabhu banane meM svataMtra hai / indriyoMkI dAsatA manakA ajJAna bhI hai aura yaha usake liye parataMtratAkI duHkhadAyI sthiti bhI hai| indriyoMke Upara manakI prabhutA manakI svarUpasthiti bhI hai aura yaha usakI svataMtratA ( yA svataMtratAkI sukhada sthiti ) bhI hai| svataMtratA hI sukha hai aura indriya parataMtratA hI duHkha hai| svataMtra mana kisI bAhya atyAcArI zaktikI adhInatA svIkAra karane ko Page #505 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi kabhI bhI sahamata nahIM hotA / isaliye manakI svataMtrAvasthA hI usakA vAstavika nivAsasthAna hai | svataMtra manakA deha usa svataMtra sthitiko surakSita rakhakara kartavyavaza jaba, jahAM, jisa paristhiti meM rahatA hai, vahIM vaha apanI svataMtratAko surakSita rakhakara satyakI adhInatA svIkAra kara tathA asa tyako padadalita karake apane mAnasa sukhako bhaTala banAye rahatA hai / apane bAhu ( puruSArthaM ) ke pratApase arjita sthAna hI manuSya ke liye sukhakara hotA hai / jo loga apane puruSArthaM se apane bhAgya ke svayaM hI vidhAtA hote haiM unheM hI sukhada sthAna prApta hote haiM / ve jahAM jAte haiM vahIM unheM sukhada sthAna prApta hojAte haiM / 478 ko vIrasya manasvinaH svaviSayaH ko vA videzastathA yaM dezaM zrayate tameva kurute bAhupratApArjitam / yadaMSTrAnakha lAMgalapraharaNaH siMho vanaM gaahte| tasmineva tadvipendrarudhiraistRSNAM chinatyAtmanaH // vIra puruSa ke liye dezavidezakA koI prazna nahIM hotA / vaha jahAM pahuM catA hai use hI apane bAhu-pratApase anukUla svadeza banA letA hai / kyA saMsArameM dekhate nahIM hai ki siMha jisa vanameM ghusatA hai vahAM svayaM mAre hAthiyoMke rakta se apanI pyAsa bujhAtA hai / ( vizvAsaghAtI kI durgati ) vizvAsaghAtino na niSkRtiH / / 223 / / vizvAsaghAtIkA uddhAra nahIM hai / vivaraNa -- vizvAsaghAtIkA pApamokSa, nistArA, bacAva, sudhAra yA prAyazcita nahIM hai / saMsAra ke samasta vyavahAra vizvAsamUlaka hote haiM / vizvAsaghAtI pratyeka durAcAra kara sakatA hai / mitratAkA sambandha hI vizvAsakA saMbandha hai / satya hI manuSyamAtrakA ananya mitra hai / hitakArI honA hI mitrakI paribhASA hai / isa saMsAra meM kevala satya hI vaha vastu hai jo manu Page #506 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vizvAsaghAtakI durgati 479 pyakA hitakArI mAtA, pitA, prabhU Adi nAmose sammAnita hokara mAnavake hRdaya siMhAsanakA samrATa banane kA adhikArI hai| satyase vizvAsaghAta arthAt masatyakI dAsatA karanA hI vizvAsaghAta nAmakA aparAdha hai| asatyakI dAsatA karanA janmase hI mAnavake sAtha sambaddha zubhasaMkalpakakA vighAta kara denA hai| jisane ekavAra mitratAkA hanana kiyA hai use kabhI bhI yaha bhrAnti karake ki vaha sudhara gayA hai, vizvAsa mata karanA / rASTrase vizvAsaghAta karake rAjya hathiyAnevAle dezadrohiyoM kI pahacAna hojAneke anantara una jaise pratAraka, DhoMgI netAoMse sadA sAvadhAna rahanA caahie| sahayajJAH prajAH sRSTA purovAca prajApatiH / anena prasaviSyadhvameSa vo'stviSTakAmadhuk // ( bhagavadagItA) prajAoM ke svAmIne prajAmoM ko yajJa arthAt ucca bhAvanA yA ucca bubhUSAke sAtha utpanna kiyA hai aura unase kaha diyA hai ki tuma jo kucha marjana, utpAdana yA bhakSaNa karo isIse kro| tuma apane kisI bhI kAmase apanI UrdhvagAmitAko padadalita mata hone do| tuma apanI kAmanAmoM ko yajJabhAvanAse pUrA karo / jIvanako yajJakA rUpa dekara rakkho / tumhArI yajJabhAvanA hI tumheM iSTa bhoga denevAlI bane / tuma ayajJiya azubha bhAvanAse apanI kAmapUrti mata cAho / satpuruSa hI satpuruSakA vizvAsapAtra hotA hai| cora satyake sAtha vizvAsaghAta karake hI cora banatA hai| manuSya apane hRdayezvara satyake sAtha vizvAsaghAta kiye vinA cora nahIM bana sktaa| satpuruSa satpuruSake sAtha kI vizvAsaghAta nahIM krtaa| jo koI satpuruSoMse vizvAsaghAta karatA pAyA jAtA hai vaha cora hI hotA hai| vaha dhokhA dekara kapaTa santa banakara vizvAsakA hanana kiyA karatA hai| isa dRSTi se manuSyakA sarapuruSa na honA hI samAja ke sAtha vizvAsaghAta hai / sasya hI vizvAsa hai| vizvAsakA sambandha satyakA hI sambandha hai / satyako tyAga denA vizvAsaghAta dI hai / satyadrohI majJAnI Page #507 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 480 cANakyasUtrANi apane manako sadA majJAnarUpa naraka meM phaMsA rakhatA hai| usakI muktikA prazna hI kahA hai ? pAThAntara- vizvAsaghAtino niSkRtirna vidyate / (durghaTanAoMse mata ghabarAo ) devAyattaM na zocet // 524 // manuSya devAdhIna durghaTanApara vyartha cintAgrasta na huA kre| vivaraNa- manuSya apanA sampUrNa bala lagAkara bhI jaba yaha dekhe ki yaha kAma mere vazakA nahIM hai taba use deva yA IzvarecchA mAnakara, duzcintA choDa kara yA devAdhIna bAtako adhika se adhika zakti prakaTa karanekI devI preraNA mAnakara usakA koI prabalatama ucita upAya kara sake to kare / bhUkampa, jalAplAvana, AMdhI, mahAmArI, durmikSa, rASTraviplava mAdi zaktivAhya paristhitiyoM meM cintAgrasta na hokara apane sAmarthya tathA kauza la ke anusAra vidhAna karate cale jAnA manuSyakA kartavya hai| jIvanecchA rahane taka manuSyakA yaha kartavya kisI bhI prakAra samApta nahIM hotA / kabhI kabhI prayatnoM ke pratApase bhayaMkara nirAzAke pazcAt bhI AzAkI kiraNeM dIkha paDatI haiN| kabhI kabhI aise bhI bikaTa samaya Ate haiM jaba mara jAnA hI rAmakI icchA hotI hai| usa samaya hAya hAya kara ke marane kI apekSA zAnti. pUrvaka rAmakI acintya icchA yA bhavitavyatA mAtAkI sarvasaMhArI pyArI godameM prasannatA ke sAtha vilIna hokara mukha chipAkara ) rAmake pralaya nATa. kakA abhinAyo bana jAne meM hI mAnavakA kalyANa hotA hai| manuSya jAne ki vaha isa saMsArameM sadA rahane ke liye nahIM aayaa| maranA anivArya ho to tar3apa-tar3apa kara maranA isa Izvaradatta maraNAvasarakA mahAdurupa. yoga hai / yadi manuSya isa bhayaMkara samajhI huI avasthAkA sabase acchA upayoga kara sakatA hai to vaha motakA saharSa svAgata karake hI kara sakatA hai| mavazyaMbhAvI mauta ko apanI mAnasa zaktile pa. bhUta kara ke vijayI bana. kara maranemeM hI mAnava kalyANa hai / batAiye isa sambandha manuSya isase acchA aura kara hI kyA sakatA hai ? Page #508 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sAdhukA Azritose sadvartAva phalabhogameM devAyattatA hai| karma karanemeM devAyattatA nahIM hai / saphalatA hI puruSArtha hai aura asaphalatA hI deva hai / de| nirbala hai aura puruSArtha prabala hai / manuSya yaha jAne ki karma yA puruSArtha karanese devAyattatA nahIM hai| jahA~ manuSya puruSArthakA kAma na kare aura kuMThita hokara hAthapara hAtha dharakara khaDA hogayA ho, vahA~ deva yA rAmakI icchA hI mAnavakI ekamAtra zaraNa samvA, suhRda tathA mAtA-pitA hotI hai| aise samaya manuSya kA kalyANa isIme hotA hai ki vaha pralayalIlAkArI bhagavAna meM parama samarpaNa kara de aura matyuse abhinna hokara yA use abhihRdaya mitra ke rUpa meM AliMgana karake isa saMhAra-lIlAko taTastha bhAva se dekheM / aura apane bhautika astitva ke vinAzameM apanI svIkRtikI mudrA lagAkara jIvanmukoM kI mauta mare / pAThAntara- devAyattaM na zocayet / sAdhukA AzritoMse sadvartAva ) AzritaduHkhamAtmana iva manyate sAdhuH / / 525 / / udAracetA sAdhu puruSa AzritoMke duHkhoM ko apane hI Upara AyA huA duHkha mAnakara usa dUra karane ke liye apane vyaktigata duHkhoMko haTAne jitanA hI sudRDha prayatna karatA hai| vivaraNa-~- sAdhu puruSa prAzrita ke duHkha ko usaka! vyaktigata duHkha mAnane ke sthAna meM use apanA hI duHkha mAnakara usakA pratikAra karatA hai| satpuruSake duHkhako svaduHkha mAnanA hI to sAvukI sAtA hai aura yahI upakI mahattA bhI hai|| ___ Atmopamyena sarvatra dayAM kurvanti sAdhavaH / mAyu svayaM satyAzrita hotA hai / vaha satyameM AtmasamarpaNa karake svayaM satyasvarUpa hocukA hotA hai / satyameM AtmasamarpaNa kara denevAle usa jaise saba loga usake AzritoM meM gine jAkara upakI sevA pAne ke adhikArI ho jAte haiN| mAzrita aura mAzrayadAtA donoM kI ekatA hI sevyasevaka ke pAra. 21 ( cANakya.) Page #509 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi sparika aTUTa premabaMdhanakA AdhAra hotI hai / sAdhu puruSoMkI AtmAnubhUti unake pAMca bhautika dehoMmeM sImita na rahakara vizva ke samasta jJAniyoM meM vyApta rahatI hai / sAdhu bhI AtmAnubhUti usake daihika kArAgArase sImita nahIM hotI / sAdhuke pAsa sabake hI saMbaMdha meM kartavya rahate haiM aura vaha una kartajyoMko apanI ananta zraddhA se isaliye pAlatA hai ki use vizvabhara ke jJAniyoM meM Atmadarzana aura Atmasambhoga karake apanA jIvana dhanyaH karanA hai / 482 ( anAryakA kapaTI vyavahAra ) hRdgatamAcchAdyAnyadvadatyanAryaH || 526 // duSTa loga manakI duSTatAko to chipAye rakhate haiM aura kevala jidvAse acchI bAteM kiyA karate haiM / vivaraNa- duSTa loga manase to paravaMcana, parasvApaharaNa, parapIDana AAdike upAya socate haiM aura vANIse paropakAra, dezasevA, sAdhutA AdikA bakhAna karate haiM / na dharmazAstraM paThatIti kAraNaM na cApi vedAdhyayanaM durAtmanaH / svabhAva evAtra tathAtiricyate yathA prakRtyA madhuraM gavAM payaH // 8 " 'dharmazAstroMke vacana sunAnA, gaMbhIra siddhAnta baghAranA, UMce nAre lagAnA aura vedAdhyayana karanA durAtmAko vizvAsayogya nahIM banA pAtA / isameM to svabhAva hI prabala rahatA 1 Arya vahI hai jisakA AcaraNa samAja ke liye vedake samAna pramANabhUta hai| kArya vahI hai jo apane AcaraNako yazobhilASAse kabhI AtmapracArakA viSaya nahIM bnaataa| AryakA AcaraNa hI dezasevAkA pratyakSa pramANa yA mUrtarUpa hotA hai / AryakA khAnapAna, rahanasahana, vAgvinimaya Adi saba kucha apane samAjakI sevAkA rUpa lekara rahatA hai| usakA AcaraNa usake manake pUrNa AtmaprasAdakA kAraNa hotA hai / usake mana meM apane bhAtmaprasAdako yazolipsAse AtmapracArake dvArA kalaMkita karanekI malina bhAvanA kabhI sthAna nahIM pAtI / Page #510 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sadabuddhihInatA hI paizAcikatA 483 dhUrta loga manakI bAta chipAkara dUsaroMko Thaganeke liye Uparake manase banAvaTI bAteM banAyA karate haiN| manasyanyadvacasyanyatkarmaNyanyad durAtmanAm / manasyekaM vacasyeka karmaNyekaM mahAtmanAm // (viSNuzarmA ) durjanake manameM kucha, vANImeM kucha tathA karmameM kucha aura hI hotA hai| mahAtmAke to mana, vANI, karma tInoMmeM eka hI bAta hotI hai| anArya ke vANImeM kapaTa zItalatA hotI hai parantu usake hRdaya meM vajrase bhI karkaza durbuddhi chipI rahatI hai| ( sadbuddhihInatA hI paizAcikatA ) buddhihInaH pizAcAdananyaH // 527 // subuddhi (yA sadbuddhi ) hIna vyakti ghRNAkA pAtra hotA hai| vivaraNa- buddhihInake mAcaraNameM sarvatra laghutA, kSudratA, nIcatA aura paizAcikatAkA pradarzana rahatA hai / budviyukta manuSya to buddhi se hitAhitakA viveka karake heyako tyAgakara, upAdeyako apanAkara saba kAma sacita rItise kara letA hai / buddhihInase yaha saba nahIM ho paataa| vaha apane svecchAcArase ThogoMkI ghRNA tathA apekSAkA pAtra bana jAtA hai| rAjAkA kartavya hai ki vaha apane rAjya meMse buddhihInatAkA bahiSkAra karane ke liye subuddhi ke pracAra tathA prasArake sudRDha upAya kre| rAjyameM dhArmika, sadAcArI, buddhimAn loga adhikatAse utpanna hote raheM, aisA prabandha karanA rAjAkA rASTrIya kartavya hai / jo rAjA yogya logoMke utpAdanakI bhorase udAsIna hai vaha apane rAjya meM zrIvRddhi ke laMbe cauDe kAryakrama calAtA humA bhI pizAcoMkI saMkhyA baDhA rahA hai| buddhihIna tathA pizAcame koI mantara nahIM hai| bhojana tathA mogamAtra pahacAnanevAlI buddhi vahI hai jise hitAhitakA paricaya hai| hitAhita Page #511 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 484 cANakyasUtrANi buddhi se hIna manuSya sadA hI samAjakA ahita karanevAlA kukarmA hotA hai / samAjakI zAnti haranevAle kukarmA loga hI asura yA pizAca haiM / pAThAntara- dhIhInaH pizAcAdananyaH / ( AtmarakSAke sAdhanoMke sAtha yAtrA karo ) asahAyaH pathi na gacchet / / 528 / / apane sAtha AtmarakSAke sAdhana zastrAstra liye vinA mArga na cle| vivaraNa-- yahAM para jAnanA yaha hai ki manuSyakA asahAyapanA AramarakSAkI yogyatAse hI miTatA hai| zastrahIna do cAra, daza pAMca bhI asahAya hI mAne jAte haiN| manuSyakA apahAyapana saMkhyAdhikyase dUra nahIM hotaa| prajAmeM AtmarakSAkI vyaktigata yogyatAse dI dezakA asahAyapana miTatA hai| aMgreja jaba bhArata AyA thA taba usane bhAratake pratyeka grAmameM vibhakta zAsanazakti tathA nyAyazaktiko chIna kara to jiloM meM nyAyAlayoM kI sthApanA karake unheM nyAyakI dUkAnoMkA rUpa de diyA thA aura grAmoMkA AtmarakSAmeM samartha banAye rakhanevAlI zastrazaktiko unase chInakara arthAt grAmavAli. yoko niHzastra, napuMsaka virodha karane ke ayogya banAkara rakhA thA aura socA thA ki napuMsaka rASTrapara zAsana karanA sukara hai| hamArI vartamAna rASTrIya kahalAnevAlI sarakAra bhI napuMsaka rASTra para zAsana karane meM subhItA dekhakara videziyoM ko duSTa svArthI buddhi kI nindanIya upaja zastrakAna nako jAnabUjhakara nahIM toDa rahI hai| jisa kAraNase briTizane yaha kAnUna banAyA thA usIko hamArI avicArazIla zaharI sarakAra cAlU rakha rahI hai / janatA svabhAvase zAntipriya hai| zAnti-priya prajAkA zAnti-rakSaka rAja. zaktikA vidrohI honA asaMbhava kalpanA hai / jo sarakAra kAnunake dabAvase janatAko nirastra, napuMsaka, asaMgaThita rakhane meM apanI surakSA samajha rahI hai vaha janatAkI sadicchAkA vidroha karake pazubala se rAjyazAsana kara rahI hai| Page #512 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ svAmIkA yazogAna kartavya isane janatA ke svataMtra sAmarika saMgaThanako gaira kAnUnI kara rakhA hai| isake mUlameM yahI durbuddhi chipI huI hai ki janatA meM usake rASTradrohI kRtyoM kA virodha karanekI zakti na rahe / yadi vaha vAstava meM rASTrahitaiSI sarakAra hotI to usake mana meM aisI bhIti kabhI bhI na hotI / kyoMki janatAkI svataMtra sAmarika zakti usakI rASTrahitaiSitAkA anivArya sAthI kabhI rahatI / zastrakAnUna unmUlita hote hI zAMtipriya janatA tatkSaNa saMgaThita hokara gAMvagAMva meM zAntirakSA meM svayameva samartha ho jAtI / pAThAntara - asahAyo na pathi gacchet / ( putrastuti akartavya ) putro na stotavyaH // 529 / / putrakI stuti nahIM karanI cAhiye / vivaraNa - guNI putrakA guNagrAhI honA pitAkA aparAdha nahIM hai| pratyuta yaha to putrako utsAhita karanevAlA pitRdharma hai / parantu yaha pitRdharma pitAputra meM hI sImita rahanA cAhiye / bAhya jagat meM putrakI stuti karanA Atma-pracArake samAna hI zrotAoMke kAnoM ko bhI kaSTa pahu~cAne tathA unake mana meM avizvAsa utpanna karanevAlA aparAdha hotA hai / pitAke mukhase putra - stuti use prabhAvahIna banA detI hai| putra-stuti pitA Atma-stuti mAnI jAtI hai / putra ke vizeSa guNoMkI stuti pitA ke mukhako zobhA nahIM detI, pratyuta ke una guNoMmeM bhI saMdeha paidA kara DAlatI hai / pAThAntara - na putraH stotavyaH / 485 ( svAmIkA yazogAna mRtyakartavya ) svAmI stotavyo'nujIvibhiH // 530 // bhRtya loga guNI svAmIko lokapriya banAye rakhaneke liye janatA meM usake guNoMkI prazaMsA kiyA kreN| Page #513 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 486 cANakyasUtrANi vivaraNa- svAmI ke gaurava, buddhi tathA usakI upakAra, bharaNa tathA rakSAkI pravRttiyoM ko uttejita karate rahaneke liye usakI stuti karanA anu. jIviyoMke liye lAbhadAyaka hotA hai| bhRtya loga guNI svAmIke prati kRtajJatA tathA prabhu bhaktikA pradarzana karake prabhu-bhRtya sambandhako na TUTane deM aura samAjameM prabhuko lokapriya banAneke liye usakA guNa-kIrtana karake samAjakalyANake kAmameM prabhuke sahAyaka bneN| pAThAntara --- svAmI stotavyaH srvaanujiivibhiH|| pAThAntara- na nindanIyaH svAmI stotavyaH sarvAnujIvibhiH / dharmakRtyepvapi svAmina eva ghoSayet // 531 // anujIvI loga rAjAjJAse kiye huye lokopakArI dharmakRtyoMko apane na batAkara svAmI yA apanI rAjyasaMsthAke hI kiye batAyA kreN| vivaraNa- anujIvI loga rASTrabharameM svAmI yA apanI rAjyasaMsthAkI dhArmikatAkA pracAra karake usake liye janatAkA prema aura sahAnubhUti prApta kareM / aise karanese rAjA yA rAjyasaMsthAko rASTrasevA karanemeM anukUlatA aura sukaratA ho jAtI hai| pAThAntara- dharmakRtyeSvapi svAminamava ghoSayet / pAThAntara-- sarvakRtyeSvapi ,, ,, / saba kAmoM meM svAmIke hI kartApanakI ghoSaNA kiyA kare / ( rAjAjJApAlanameM vilamba akartavya ) rAjAjJA nAtilaMghayet // 532 // rAjAzAke pAlanameM anucita dera na kreN| vivaraNa- rAjAjJA TAlanese rASTra meM durAcAriyoM ko durAcAra karanekA adhika avasara prApta ho jAtA hai / rAjAke Adezake samayapara pAlita hote Page #514 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhRtyakA dharma rahane se nagara, grAma, hATa, ghATa, zilpa, vANijya Adi samasta kAryoM meM saukarya vyavasthA aura zAnti mA jAtI hai| rAjAjJAke apAlita raha jAnepara prajAmeM mAtsyanyAya cala paDatA hai| nirvalapara balavAnoMkA dabAva yA jisakI lAThI usakI bhaiMsa hI mAtsyanyAya hai| jaise bar3I machalI choTIko khA jAtI hai usI prakAra balavAn logoMke nirbaloM para atyAcArakA niSpratibandha calate rahanA hI mAtsyanyAyakA abhiprAya hai / (bhRtyakA dharma ) ( adhika sUtra ) svAmyanugraho dharmakRtyaM bhRtyAnAm / apane kartavya-pAlanase prabhukA anugraha prApta kara lenA hI bhRtyoMkA dharmAcaraNa hai| vivaraNa -- rASTrapAlana hI rAjakarmacAriyoMkA ekamAtra dharma hai / rASTrapAlana dvArA svAmI kI kRpA pA lene para hI mRtyoMkI unnati nirbhara hai / svAmIko kRpA na honepara zubhakarma honA asaMbhava ho jAtA hai tathA kupita honepara to jovana vighnoMse ghira jAtA hai|| yathA''jJaptaM tathA kuryAt / / 533 // lokahitakArI kAryoM ke sambandha rAjAkI orase jaba jaisI AjJA mile taba use kara lene meM sarvAtmanA lagakara use avazya pUrA kre| vivaraNa- rAjakarmacArI rAjAjJAke vinA koI kAma na kare jaise prabhu aura bhRtyakA sambandha mAjJA dene aura pAlane kA hI hai| jo loga rAjA. jJAke prati AtmadAna kara dete haiM ve hI apanI aura rASTra kI donoM kI unnati karate haiM / rAjyameM aise hI loga bhRti svIkAra kreN| pAThAntara- yathaiva yat svAminA AzApitaM tathaiva vA kuryAt / Page #515 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 488 cANakyasUtrANi ( adhika sUtra ) savizeSaM vA kuryAt / tAtkAlika vizeSa kartavya vinA pUche turanta kara liyA kreN| vivaraNa- rAjabhRtyaloga rASTrahitakArI ve tAtkAlika vizeSa kAma, jo kAlavilamba na saha pakate hoM, jinake sambandha rAjAjJA prApta karane meM avasara nikala jAnekI adhika saMbhAvanA ho. rAjAjJA na milane para apanI sUjhase rAjAkA anumodana mila sakane ke pUrNa vizvAsa ke sAtha kara liyA kare aura rAjAse kartavyaniSTha, svAmibhaka hone kI prazaMpA prApta kareM / ( adhika sUtra ) svAmino bhIruH kopayujyate / rAjasevAmeM bhIru akarmaNya logokA koI upayoga nahIM hai| ( anArya kI nirdayatA ) ( Adhika sUtra ) nAstyanAryasya kRpaa| anArya ( arthAt nIca manuSya apanI krUratA tathA anudAratAka kAraNa dUsaroM ke sAtha sadaya vartAva karanA nahIM jaantaa| vivaraNa- anAryoko kartavyA-kartavyakI kasauTI mAryo sarvathA vipa. rIta hotI hai / anArya loka kartavyoM ko tyAgate tathA akartavya karate haiN| anArya loga apanI svArtha badi se manuSya- samAjakA 3lyANa karane vAle kartavyoM ko tyAga dete haiM aura manuSya-samAjake kalyANapara AkramaNa kiyA karate haiM / anArya loga apanI saMkINa dRSTi se lobhAndha, kAmAndha hokara azAntikAriNI paizAcika lIlA kiyA karate haiM / dayA, kRpA Adi udAraguNa bhAryA meM hI pAye jAte haiN| jisameM ye guNa pAye jAte haiM ve anArya kahAnevAlI jAtiyoM meM utpanna honepara bhI kArya haiM / jo dayA, kRpA bhAdi karanA nahIM jAnate ve mAryaparivArameM janma lekara bhI manArya yA mleccha kahAte haiN| sArvabhauma dhokA pAlana karane vAle loga hI bhArya kahe jA sakate haiM / mAyatAkA kisI sampradAya, jAti yA bhUmaNDala se sambandha nahIM hai / AryatA Page #516 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zatruke prati buddhimAnakA dRSTikoNa to kriyAtmaka yA sadAcArAtmaka dharma hai| Arya loga samasta vizvako apanI mAnavatAke saMrakSaka kSetra virAT parivAra ke rUpa meM dekhate aura usakI sevAko apanA bhAdarza yA dharma svIkAra karake use pAlate rahate haiN| anArya loga apane kuvizvAsoko hI dharmAndhatAke rUpa meM apanAye rahakara apane kSuva,mAsura, pArivArika yA sAmpradAyika svArtha-sAdhanako hI jIvana kA dhyeya banAkara apane sampradAyase sasambaddha manuSyasamAja kI manuSyatAkI nirmama hatyA kara neko svadharmapracAra yA sampradAya vistAra samajhate haiM / izvaraka pavitra nAmapara IzvarakI racI vidharmI prajApara atyAcAra karanA anAryoM kA svabhAva hai| (zatruke prati buddhimAn kA dRSTikoNa) nAsti buddhimatAM zatruH // 534 / / buddhimAnoMka zatra nahIM hote| vivaraNa-- buddhimAn loga kisI bhI bAhya zatruko svIkAra nahIM karate / ve to manuSya kI niyuditA, acAturya aura jJAna ko hI usakA zatra pAte haiM. ye nivAsa yA jJAna ko pasabhA kA jJAnI bane rahate haiM / kiyA bAhya zatruko zava mAnanA hI ajJAna yA nirbuddhi tA hai| buddhi. mAna ve haiM jo apanI buddhi ke saphala prayogoMse bAhya zatruoM ke mAkramaNako sthiracittase tathA dRDhatAse vyartha karake apane mana kI zAMti ko surakSita rakhate haiM / buddhimAnoM kI buddhimattA zatruoM ke zatrutAcaraNako apane vijaya manobalase vyartha karane meM hI hai| saMkalpa garva hAni pahu~cAne vAle loga zatru kahAte haiM / kyoMki ajJAna manuSya kI sabase baDI hAni karatA hai isaliye ajJAnase baDA manuSyakA koI zatru nahIM hai| manuSya -samAjako apane isa zatruse apanI saMgaThita zakti se laDanA cAhiye aura ise saMsAra bharameM se niSkAsita karake choDanA cAhiye / parantu manuSya kI kaisI mati mArI gaI hai ki vaha isa vAstavika zatruko jyoMkA tyoM zanimAna rahane dekara vevala bAhya zatrubhose laikara hArane meM hI mAnava-jIvana nAmaka isa laghu suavasarako kUr3e ke Dherake Page #517 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi bAhya zatru samAna upekSita karatA calA A rahA hai / mAnava-samAjako saceta ho jAnA cAhiye, ajJAnake virodha meM sudRDha vyUha ( moracA ) lagAnA cAhiye aura isake virodha meM mahAn AAyojana karane cAhiye / buddhimAn loga isa ajJAna rUpI zatruko naSTa karake saMsAra ke sabase bar3e sabase bhayAnaka zatru para vijayI bane rahate haiM / yaha to asaMbhava hai ki bAhya zatru jJAnIpara AkramaNa na kareM / to apane svabhAvAnusAra jJAnI ajJAnI sabaddIpara AkramaNa karate haiM / parantu jJAnI loga usa zatruko apanI hAnikA kAraNa nahIM mAnate | ve usake AkramaNakA bhI sadupayoga kara lenekI divya kalA jAna cuke hote haiN| jaise kaThora chilakevAlA nAriyalakA phala kAka- caMcuoMko vyartha karatA rahatA hai isI prakAra jJAnI loga zatruoM ke AkramaNako vyartha banAte rahate haiN| cANakyakA caritra dezadrohI zatruoM ko naSTa karanekA jIvita udAharaNa upasthita kara gayA hai| bAhara ke zatru yA to jJAnIke dehapara yA usakI devarakSA bhautika sAdhanapara AkramaNa karake jJAnIko usake jJAnakA kriyAsmaka AsvAda lene kA suavasara de dete haiM / jJAnIke jJAnapara koI coTa pahu~cA sakanA bAhya ajJAnI zatru zaktike bAhara hotA hai| karmakI jo kuzalatA hai vahI to jJAna hai / jJAnI bAhya zatruke AkramaNako zatru-vijayakA zubha avasara mAnakara usase aprabhAvita hokara usakA pratikAra karatA calA jAtA hai / vaha bAhya zatruke AkramaNako nAzavAn bhautika jagatkI parivartana-zIlatA meM sammilita kara letA hai aura apanI saMpUrNa zakti se pratikAra karane meM lagA rahatA hai / vaha isa ajJAnIke AkramaNakA virodha karate samaya apane satyasvarUpa prabhuke netRtva yA kartApanameM rahakara apane pAMca bhautika dehako asatya virodha ke sAdhana ke rUpase upayoga meM lAkara satyasevAkA amRta cakhatA rahatA hai| vaha usa bAhya zatruko hAni pahu~cAnevAle ke rUpa meM svIkAra hI nahIM krtaa| vaha to hAnise atIta rahanA sIkhakara usa AkrAmaka ghaTanAko satyAsvAdanakA suavasara mAnakara usakA mitrakI bhA~ti svAgata karatA hai / bAta yaha hai ki Abhyantara zatruke Upara 490 Page #518 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 'zatruko nibala rUpa mata dikhAo 491 pahale se hI vijaya pA cukanevAle jJAnIkA samasta bAhya vyavahAra satyarUpI mitra-milanakA vijayotsava bana jAtA hai / pAThAntara- na sadbuddhimatAM zatruH / (sabhAmeM zatruse vyavahArakI nIti ) ( adhika sUtra) zatru na nindeta sabhAyAm / sabhAmeM zatruko nindA na kre| vivaraNa- sabhAmeM zatrukI nindA karanA apanI hI dhairyacyuti tathA zatrukI sthitimeM utArakara jhagaDA baDhAnevAlI nindanIya sthiti hai / sabhAmeM donoM pakSoM kI pArasparika vyaktigata ucchaMkhala bharsanA-pratibhatsanAkA apa. rAdha prathama nindakake sira mA par3atA hai / sabhAmeM zatruko vyaktigata nindA na karake usake manuSyocita vyavahAra pAne ke adhikArako surakSita rakhate hue kevala usake nindanIya vyavahAra sumabhya saMyata bhASAmeM apane ziti-pari. caya, kozala-jAla tathA sugaMbhIra vAkpaTutAse khaNDana karake use apratibha, hataprabha aura niruttara banAnA cAhiye / zatrase ni:sAra vAgyuddha choDakara zatrakI niMdanIya sthiti meM utara jAnA apanI hI parAjaya hai| usakI bAtoMkA sayuktika nirAkaraNa karake usake mAyAjAlako chinna-bhinna karanA aura use muttara dene yogya na rahane denA hI 'sabhA-pANDitya ' kahAtA hai / ( zatruko apanA nirvala rUpa mata dikhAo ) AtmacchidraM na prakAzayet // 535 // AtmAmeM kisI prakArakA chidra arthAt nibalatA prakaTa honA cAhatI ho to usa prakAzita na kare arthAt astitvameM na Ana de| pAThAntara-nAtmachidraM prakAzayet / pAThAntara- na sarSapamAtramapyAtmacchidraM prakAzayet / Page #519 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi manuSya apanI tucchAtituccha nirbalatAko bhI prakaTa na hone de arthAta use vyavahArabhUmi prApta na hone de| ___ manuSya apane manameM utpanna honevAlI laghase laghu nirbalatAko bhI vyAva. hArika rUpa na lene de / spaSTa zabdoM meM manuSya apane manako itanA saMyamI aura dRDha banAkara rakhe ki usameM citta-cAMcalyajanita durbalatAko kisI bhI prakAra sthAna na milane paaye| mAryacANakyakA bhUmra yaha laghutAbharI nirbala bAta nahIM kahanA cAhatA ki manuSya durvalatAko zatrakI dRSTi se chipA. kara durbala banA rahe / pratyuta yaha kahanA cAhatA hai ki manuSya kisI bhI prakAra kI dubalatAko jIvana meM kAryakArI tathA samAjameM maMkrAmita na hone de| dRDhanittatA hI vIrakA svabhAva honA cAhiye / pahale to dula bhIru banakara rahanA aura phira usa durbalatA yA bhIrutAko chipAye rakhanA koI artha nahIM rkhtaa| yaha sutra anivArya bhautika nibalatAoMke sambandhameM kahanA cAhatA hai ki vIrakA kartavya hai ki vaha apanI bhautika nyUnatAko asamarthatA na mAne aura zatruke tathA jagat ke sAmane dhIraja na choDa baitthe| vijigISu manuSya isa satya siddhAntako kabhI nahIM bhUlatA ki vIrakI dRSTi meM bhautika sAmathrya kI nyUnatA asamarthatA nahIM hotI / manuSya ko jAnanA cAhiye ki loga bhautika sAmathryase vizvavijayI nahIM banA karate / bhautika sAmarthya kA nyUnAdhika honA avazyaMbhAvI hotA hai / vIrake pAsa yahacchAse jo yA jitanA bhautika sAmarthya hotA hai vaha utanA hI vIrako vIratAke mahAn netRtvameM bhAkara zatruvijayakA brahmAstra bana jAtA hai aura usakI anivArya mRtyu bhA khaDI hone para bhI use vizvavijetA banA detA hai| ( sahanazIlatAkI prazaMsA ) ( adhika sUtra ) zaktI kSamA zlAghanIyA / nigraha anugrahakA sAmarthya rahane para bhI sahanazIlatA prazaMsA yogya pravRtti hai| vivaraNa- yahA~para kSamAkA artha apratikAra nahIM hai| apratikArako Page #520 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sahanazIlatAkI prazaMsA 493 kSamA samajhanA baDI bhUla hai| zakti honepara bhI uttejita na hokara vivekapUrvaka kartavya karate jAnA hI prazaMsanIya sthiti hai| krodhavegapara vazIkAra rakhanA hI kSamA hai| azaktakI sahanazIlatA to usakI durbalatA hai| azaktakI sahanazIlatA to agatikakI gati hai| burIse burI sthiti meM bhI uttejita na hone tathA pratikAra na choDa baiThane kI kSamAvAlI nItikA spaSTIkaraNa bhAravi kavike pANDavAgraja yudhiSThira ke mukhase kahAya nimna zlokoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| kSamA dharmakA pAlana karate hue zatrukA nAza karanA hI ina padyoM meM kSamA zabdakA abhipreta artha hai| zivamApAyikaM garIyasI phalaniSpattimadUSitAyatIm / vigaNayya nayanti pauruSaM vijitakrodharayA jigISavaH / / vijogISu loga apane krodhAvezapara apanA pUrA niyaMtraNa rakhakara mahatva. yukta tathA sundara bhaviSyavAlI phalasiddhi ko apanA lakSya banA lete haiM aura apane puruSArthako phalasAdhaka upAryose milA dene ke liye zAnta rahate haiM / ve phalasiddhi meM vighna DAlanevAle kodhAvezameM nahIM Ate / upakArakamAyatabhRzaM prasavaH karmaphalamya bhUriNaH / anapAyi nibarhaNaM dviSAM na titikSAsamamasti sAdhanam // sthira phala dene vAlA honese bhaviSya ko atyanta sudhAranevAlA, vipula karma. phala denevAlA, svayaM naSTa na hokara zatruoM ko naSTa kara DAlanevAlA, titikSA (arthAt duSTa krodha ke vazameM na Akara apane kartavya-pathapara dRSTi rakhe rahane ) se dUsarA koI sAdhana nahIM hai| pAThaka dakhe yahA~ titikSA zabda pratikArakA vAcaka nahIM hai| titikSA zabda krodhake kAraNa utpanna hone vAle kAryake asAmarthya ke avarodhaka guNakA vAcaka hai / titikSA tathA kSamA ekArthaka haiN| apane yamudatumicchatA timiraM ropamayaM dhiyA puraH / avibhidya nizAkRtaM tamaH prabhayA nAMzumatApyudIyate // unnatikAmI loga sabase pahale apanI viveka buddhi se roSa, bhAveza yA akSamAse honevAle ajJAnAndhakArako haTAyeM / saMsArameM dekhA jAtA hai ki Page #521 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi sUrya bhI pahale apane prakAzase rAta ke kiye a~dhereko chinna-bhinna kiye binA udita nahIM hotA / 494 balavAnapi kopajanmanastamaso nAbhibhavaM ruNaddhi yaH / kSayapakSa ivaindavaH kalAH sakalA hanti sa zaktisaMpadaH // balavAn bhI jo kopajanya mohake AkramaNako vyartha nahIM banA letA, vaha kSayapakSa meM ghaTatI calI jAnevAlI candrakalAoMke samAna apanI samasta zaktiyoM ko apane bhApa naSTa kara DAlatA hai| krodhAndhakA lokottara sAmarthya bhI vyartha ho jAtA hai / ( kSamAse pratikArakA sAmarthya ) kSamAvAneva sarvaM sAdhayati / / 536 // kSamAvAn (duHkha, apamAna, kaTuvacana, dhana-jana-hAni Adiko sthira buddhitAse saha kara apanA kartavya karate cale jAnevAlA ) hI saba kAryoM meM siddhi pAtA hai / duSToM kI vivaraNa - aniSTa dekhakara Apase bAhara na hokara aniSTakArIke sAtha dhIraja tathA kauzala ke sAtha yathocita bartAva karanA hI kSamAkA pUrA artha hai / kSamA aura vijaya eka hI arthako prakaTa karate haiM / kSamAkA artha viSarIta ghaTanAkA pratikAra choDa denA kadApi nahIM hai kintu viparIta ghaTanA ke darzana se nirbala na hokara svIkRta kartavya karate cale jAnA haiN| duSTatAkA pratikAra na karanA yA duSTatAko saha lenA kSamA nahIM hai| duSTAparAdha-sahana kisI bhI rUpameM kSamA nahIM hai / pratyuta kSamAzIla hI duSToM kI duSTatAkA ucita pratikAra kara sakatA hai / akSamAzIla loga uttejita hokara anyAya, atyAcAra yA AkramaNakA yathocita pratikAra karaneke ayogya ho jAte haiM / pAThAntara -- kSamAvAneva jayati lokAn / pAThAntara - kSamAyuktAH H sarva sAdhayanti Page #522 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ ApatkAlIna koza Avazyaka 495 ( ApatkAlIna koza Avazyaka ) ApadarthaM dhanaM rakSet // 537 // manuSya Akasmika vipattiyoMke pratikArake liye kucha dhana saMcita rkkheN| vivaraNa- vaha jIvanayAtrAmeM apavyaya na karake jitanA bacAyA jA sake utanA dhana apanI yA apane rASTrakI vipattike dinoM ke liye surakSita rakkheM / jaise vRddha mAtApitAko putrase asamartha dinoM meM pAlana-poSaNa pAnekA adhikAra hai vaise hI samAja yA dezako apane pratyeka vyakti se apanI zrI. vRddhi meM sahayoga pAnekA pUrNAdhikAra hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki samAjake kalyANameM hI manuSyakA kalyANa hai| samAjake kalyANameM sahayoga denA manuSyakA apanA hI kalyANa hai / pratyeka manuSyake pAsa apane yA rASTra ke bure dinoM ke liye kucha surakSita koSa avazya rahanA cAhiye / satyapara asatyake mAkramaNakA kAla ' ApatkAla ' kahAtA hai| usa samaya asatyakA virodha karake satyakI rakSA karanA manuSyakA kartabhya hotA hai / mahAmArI, vipUcikA, mAtatAyIke bhAkramaNa Adi kartavya ke avasarapara udAsIna rahanA asatyA. vasthA hai| satyarakSAkA kartavya manuSya ke sAmane aneka rUpa lekara AyA karatA hai| kyoMki manuSyakA deha satyakI sevAkA sAdhana hai isaliye usakA deha-dhAraNa bhI to satya rakSArUpI kartavyameM hI sammilita hai / isa dRSTise dehadhAraNase saMbandha rakhanevAle kartavyoM kI avahelanA karanA asatyakI dAsatA hai| parantu yaha dhyAna rahe ki deha-rakSA vahAMtaka satyasevA hai jahA~taka vaha sasyAnumodita upAyoMse ho rahI ho / asat upAyoMse deha-dhAraNa karanA to bhasasyako hI sevA hai / isa raSTise satyakI sevA karate hue dehako balidAna karanekI mAvazyakatA bhA khaDI honepara usake liye saharSa prastuta ho jAnA bhI satyakI sevAmeM hI sammilita hai| __ manuSyako apane saMcita dhanako satyakI sevAmeM sadupayukta karanekA hI adhikAra hai / dhanakA asatyakI dAsatA karane meM durupayoga karanA manuSyakA Page #523 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 496 cANakyasUtrANi adhikAra nahIM hai isIliye akartavya hai / isa dRSTi se apane rASTrake Apasi kAlakA pratyeka kartavya dhanake sadupayogakA avasara bana jAtA hai / yaha avasara apanI vyaktigata daihika, pArivArika yA sAmAjika AvazyakatAoMko pUrA karane yA abhAvako dUra karaneke rUpa meM upasthita hotA hai| samAjake vipadaprasta satyaniSTha vyaktiryokI bhautika AvazyakatAyeM bhI sAmAjika Avazya katAyeM hotI haiM / aise avasara upasthita honepara apane dhanako apanI vyakti gata saMpatti na mAnakara usapara satyakA adhikAra svIkAra karake usake tArakAlika sadupayoga ke dvArA sasyakI sevA karane kA AtmasantoSa prApta karanA manuSyakI lakSyArUDhatA kahAtI hai / isake viparIta vyavahAra karanA lakSyahInatA yA lakSya bhraSTatA hai / 1 jisa deza meM prajAko sAdhAraNa Arthika sthiti Avazyaka saMcaya na kara sakane yogya ho gaI ho vahA~ samajhanA paDatA hai ki prajAke upArjanapara zAsana vyavasthAkI kudRSTi hai aura usakI zoSaNanIti prajAkI rakSaka na rahakara bhakSaka banI huI hai| prajAkI nikRSTa tathA utkRSTa Arthika sthiti rAjazaktikI yogyatA- ayogyatA, prabandha-paTutA, prabandha-hInatA, lobha, nirlobha Adipara nirbhara karatI hai| koTalIya arthazAstra meM kahA hai tasmAt prakRtInAM kSayavarAgakAraNAni notpAdayet / rAjA apanI ora se prajAke dhana kSaya, tathA roSa ke kAraNa utpanna na kare / rAjA akaraNIya karake tathA karaNIyako tyAgakara, dAtavya na dekara, tathA agrAhya lekara, aparAdhIko daNDita na karake niraparAdhako daNDa dekara prajAko cora DAkuoM se na bacAkara logoMkI nirApadatAko surakSita rakhane meM pramAda karake prajAko asantuSTa, daridrI tathA lobhI banA detA hai / rASTra-kalyANakI dRSTise rAjAkA kartavya hai ki vaha prajAke dhana-bhaMDArakA zoSaka na hokara use bharapUra rakhane ke bharasaka prayatna kre| prajAkI daridratA rAjA yA rAjya * vyavasthAkA hI aparAdha hai / yahIM kAraNa hai ki rAjazaktiko prajAke akasmAt, apahRta aura daridra ho jAnepara use apahRta aura daridra ho jAne Page #524 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ asatyavirodhI vIroMkI sahAyatA deneke aparAdha ke prAyazcitta ke rUpameM usakI mAkasmika daridratAko apane koSase dUra karanA par3atA hai / parantu rAjazaki isa uttaradAyitvako taba hI pUrA kara sakatI hai jaba vaha prajAke dhanakA lUTamArake dhanakI bhAMti apavyaya na karatI ho| rAjazaktikA kartavya hai ki prajAse prApta rAjakIya dhana-bhaMDArako anucita atirika vetana yA bhaMte Adi apavyayoMse mahAkRpaNake tulya bacAkara pUrNa banAye rahe ki vipattike dinoM meM prajAke kAma mA ske| jaise vipatti ke dinoM ke liye dhana bacAkara rakhanA vyaktikA pArivArika kartavya hai isI prakAra rASTra kI vipatti ke dinoMke liye rASTakoza meM dhana bacAkara rakhanA rAjya saMsthAkA rASTrIya kartavya hai| rASTra bhI to eka virATa parivAra haiN| mitavyayitA hI pari. vArakI zreSTha arthanIti hai| parivAra ke liye hitakara-nIti hI rASTra ke liye bhI hitakara ho sakatI hai / jaise parivAra pati loga dhanakA apavyaya na karake baddhamuSTi rahane haiM isI prakAra rAjyasaMcAlaka loga prajAke dhanako apane bhogavilAsameM apavyaya na karake baddhamuSTi raheM / pAThAntara - ApatpratIkArArtha dhnmissyte| ApattiyoM ke pratikArake liye dhanasaMgraha abhISTa hai / pAThAntara- atrApadartha dhanaM rajet / saMsArameM vipatti TAlane ke liye dhanasaMcaya kare / ( asa-yavirodhI vIroM kI sahAyatA svahitakArI kartavya ) sAhasavatAM priyaM kartavyam // 538 // asatyakA virodha karanakA satsAhasa karanevAloMke asatya virodha meM sahayogI bano / vivaraNa- apatyAvirodhiyoM ke sAhasameM sahayoga dene kA sAhasa pradarzana kro| satya yA sammAna -rakSAke nAmapara vipattikI bADhako rokane meM chAtI aDhA denevAle tassAhasI loga samAja ke prANa hote haiN| samAjameM dhamakI 32 (cANakya.) Page #525 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 498 cANakyasUtrANi rakSA aise hI logoMke dvArA hotI hai| aise logoMkI mAsa pravRttiko dAnamAnAdise sammAnita karanA samAja tathA rAjyakA svahitakArI kartavya hai| jo loga satyake balase balavAn hokara bhautika zaktikA ghamaMDa karane. vAle mAtatAyiyoM yA zatruoMkA virodha karaneko bhAge mA khaDe hote haiM aura duHsAhasI zatruoM ke duHsAhasoMke vighna bana jAte haiM aise sAhasiyoM ko sukha-suvidhA pahu~cAnA, ve isa sevAyajJa meM naSTa ho jAye to unake nirAzrita pArivArikoM kA pAlana-poSaNa karanA samAja yA rAjyake vicArazIla logoMkA khopakAraka kartavya hai / sAhasI logoM kI pUjA karanA hI samAja-dharma hai| apaneko satyakI zakti se ananta zaktimAna mAnakara asatya kA DaTakara virodha karanA hI isa sUtra ke sAhasa zabdakA artha hai / satyakI sevA karane meM sampUrNa saMsArake virodhI ho jAnepara bhI usakA virodha karake satyapara akele bhI sTe rahanA sAhasa ' hai / kucha aise loga bhI hote haiM jo asatyakI dAsatAmeM apanA jIvana saMkaTa meM DAla dete haiM / unakA asatyakI dAsatA karate hue jIvanako saMkaTa meM DAlanA sAhasa nahIM hai / kintu duHsAhasa yA unmattatA hai| ( kartavya abhI karo) zvaH kAryamadya kurvIta // 539 // manuSya kalakA kAma abhI kre|| vivaraNa- manuSya kartavya karane meM kSaNabharakI bhI dera na kre| vaha mAye kAmako phirake liye na TAla kara use tatkAla kare / kartavyako usake upa. yukta samayapara kareM, kyoMki vaha usI samayakA kartavya hai / samayapara kartavya na karanA katavyabhraSTatA hai| isaliye kamyako tatkAla kara dene meM hI manuvyakA kalyANa hai| AdAnasya pradAnasya kartavyasya ca karmaNaH / kSipramakriyamANasya kAlaH pibati tadrasam / / lenA, denA tathA karanA sUjhate hI na kara liyA jAya to kAla ina tInoM kAmoMkA rasa cUsa letA hai aura phira ye kAma honese sadAke liye raha jAte hai ! Page #526 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dharma vyAvahArika ho 499 aparAhnikaM pUrvAhna eva kartavyam // 540 // madhyAhnottarakA kAma dinake prathama bhAga meM hI kara lenA cAhiye / vivaraNa- kartavyako agale kSaNake liye na TAlakara usI kSaNa karanA cAhiye / yadi manuSya avazya kartavya kArya meM Alasya karegA aura use phira kabhI ke liye TAlegA to dUsare samaya ke liye dUsare kAma A upasthita hoMge / taba isa TAle hue kAmake liye kabhI bhI ucita samaya na mila sakanese yaha kAma ho hI na sakegA / - ( dharma vyAvahArika ho ) vyavahArAnulomo dharmaH // 541 // dharmako vyavahArameM Ane yogya yA vyavahArameM AnevAlA honA cAhiye / vivaraNa - dharmako vyavahArakI rukAvaTa na banakara usakA saMzodhaka, sudhAraka, sahAyaka tathA mArgadarzaka banakara rahanA cAhiye / dharmakA jyAvahArika jIvana ke sAtha abhinna saMbandha honA cAhiye / svadharma hI manuSyake vyavahAra meM prakaTa hotA hai / svadharmakA satyaniSTha manuyake vyavahAra meM prakaTa honA anivArya hai / satyaniSThA hI manuSyakA svadharma hai / apane vyavahAra meM satyako prakaTa karanA hI manuSyakA svadharma hai / dharma lokecchAkA banAyA nahIM hotA / lokecchA sadA hI aMdhI ( avi. vekavatI ) hotI hai / dharmakA kAma to lokecchApara niyaMtraNa rakhakara lokecchAko satyAbhimukha pravAhita karanA hai / isaliye manuSya lokecchA ke anusAra na caleM | vaha ve AcaraNa kare jinase mana kumArgase ruke aura samAjameM zAnti tathA suvyavasthA rahe / jisa dharmako vyavahAra meM lAnA manuSya-zaktike bAhara ho vaha dharma avyavahArya dharmake rUpameM mAnanIya nahIM ho sakatA / vyavahArako sanmArgapara rakhanA hI to dharma hai / satyaniSThA hI sanmArga hai / Page #527 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 500 cANakyasUtrANi satyaniSThA kabhI bhI manuSyakI zakti se bAhara nahIM hotii| manuSya sace bhoMmeM satyaniSTha honA cAhe aura na hosake aisA kabhI saMbhava nahIM hai / manuSya apanI pratyeka avasthAmeM satyapara bhArata hone meM ananta zaktimAna hai / sarvopAyoMse asatyakA virodha karanA hI patyakA vyAvahArika rUpa hai| asatyake prati atyanta asahiSNutA hI satyakA kaThora svabhAva hai / satyaniSTha loga samAjakI zatru asatyakI dAma AsurI zaktikA virodha karanemeM pari. sthitike anusAra jaba jo ulaTA-sIdhA vyavahAra karate haiM vahI satyaniSThA yA dharma hotA hai| ___ mahAbhAratameM dharmake saMzodhita rUpa para isa prakAra vicAra kiyA hai dhAraNAddharma ityAhuna lokacaritaM caret / sAmAjika jIvanako suvyavasthita rUpa dekara dhAraNa karanevAlA hI dharma hai| manuSya gatAnugatika hokara ( svArthI jIvana apanAkara ) adharma na kre| manuSya svArthI loka-caritrakA aMdhA anukaraNa na kare / svArtha samAja. ghAtI vyAdhi honese adharma hai / manuSyako samAjameM zAnti tathA sunyavasthA rakhanevAle tathA manako kumArgase roka rakhanevAle bhAcaraNa karane cAhiye / ( puruSaparIkSA hI sarvajJatA ) sarvajJatA lokajJatA // 542 // apanI sutIkSNa buddhise loka-caritrako samajha jAnA hI jJAna yA sarvajJatA hai| vivaraNa- loka-caritrake viSayameM kisI bhrAnti meM na rahanA sarvajJatA hai| kisIse dhokA na khAnA, kisI avizvAsya ko vizvAsya na mAnanA yahI manuSya. buddhikI jIvanase sambadha rakhane vAlI sarvajJatA hai| logoMke vyavahAra ko satyakI kalauTIpara parakhane laganA, duSToMke duSprabhAvase baca jAnA tathA zreSThoMke supra. bhAvase lAbha uThAlenA hI loka-caritrake viSaya meM jJAna pAnekI kuzalatA hai / satyaniSTha vyakti svayaM hI eka kasauTI hotA hai / vaha svayaM hI loka Page #528 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zAstrakI upayogitA 501 caritra kI satyAsatya-parIkSA karanekI kasoTI banakara rahatA hai| vaha svayaM satyako apanA svarUpa jAnakara sarvajJa bana jAtI aura saMsArako parakhA karatA hai / jJAna hI ajJAnase mukta rahane yA rakhanevAlI sarvajJatA hai| ( mAnavako na pahacAnanevAlA mUDha ) zAstrajJo'pyalokajJo mUrkhatulyaH / / 543 // loka-caritrako na smjhnevaal| zAstrakA udhArA jJAna rakhane. vAlA mAnava mUrkha hI rahatA hai| vivaraNa- jJAna zAstroMke pannoMse udhArA lenekI vastu nahIM hai| nyA. vahArika jJAna to satyaniSTa banakara apane hI anubhavake mAdhArapara prApta hotA hai| lokajJa bana jAnA hI jJAnI bana jAnA hai| lokajJatAko prayojanIya tathA pradhAna batAnA hI sUtrakA uddezya hai / vyavahArameM lokajJatAkA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| logoM ko zAstrAdhyayanase rokanA isa sUmrakA uddezya nahIM hai| pAThAntara- zAstrajJo'pyaloko mUrkhadhvananyaH / ananya zabda tulyArthaka hai / artha samAna hai / (zAstrakI upayogitA ) zAstraprayojanaM tatvadarzanam // 544 / / tattvadarzana arthAt laukika alaukika padArthoke yAthArthya yA rahasyakA pUrNa paricaya prApta ho jAnA yA karA denA hI zAstrakI upayogitA hai| vivaraNa- tatvadarzana na honepara zAstrapATha tIna kauDIkA raha jAtA hai / kartavyAkartavya-nirNaya kI kuzalatA hI tatvajJAna hai| apane jIvanako sukhamaya banAnA hI tatva yA mAnava-jIvanakA lakSya hai| jJAnake dvArA duHkhAtIta sthitiko apanAye rahanA hI zAstra-pAThakA uddezya hai aura apane jIvanapara sasyakA zAsana banAye rakhanA hI zAstrajJatA hai| zAstranAmaka Page #529 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 502 cANakyasUtrANi granthoMko raTa lenA yA unakA aMdhAnugAmI honA zAstrajJatA nahIM hai kintu apanI indriyoMke pairoM meM zamakI bhArI zrRMkhalA DAla denA hI saccI zAstra. 'devo bhUtvA devaM yajet ' jaise deva bane binA devapUjana azakya hai, isI prakAra jabataka zAstrapAThI loga, apanI tapasyA, saMyama, vicArazIlatA tathA indriya-nigraha Adi udAra svabhAvoMke dvArA zAstrakArakI mahatvapUrNa mAnasika sthiti le kara jIvana bitAnA nahIM sIkheMge yA jIvana nahIM bitA. yeMge tabataka unheM zAstroMkI totAraTanase kucha nahIM milanA hai| niruktakArane isa prasaMgameM baDI mArmika bAta kahI hai neteSu jJAnamastyanRSeratapaso vA / ' vedoMmeM una logoMke liye koI bhI jJAna nahIM hai jo svayaM maMtradraSTA RSiyoM hI jaise tapaHpUta RSi aura unhIM jaise tapasyA parAyaNa lanta nahIM haiM / nirukakAra kahanA cAhatA hai ki vedoM meM se kevala tapasviyoM ko hI kucha prApta ho sakatA hai| zAstrakA marmajJa bananeke liye pavitra vAtAvaraNameM rahanA tathA apane vAtAvaraNako pavitra banAkara rakhanA Avazyaka hai| ( tatvajJAnakA avazyaMbhAvI phala ) tattvajJAnaM kAryameva prakAzayati // 545 // tattvajJAna arthAt kAryAkArya-paricaya yA sadasadvicArakI zakti kArya / kartavyake svarUpa) ko jJAnajyotise prakAzita kara detI hai| vivaraNa- tatvajJAna (marthAt kartavyAkartavya-nirNaya karanekI kuza. latA ) manuSyako gyAvahArika jIvanakA svarUpa batalA detA hai ki vaha kaisA honA cAhiye / kisa samaya, kisako, kahAM, kyA, kyoM karanA cAhiye ye saba bApta manuSyakA tattvajJAna rUpI hRzyastha guru hI ise samajhAtA hai| vicArazIla loga jo koI kAma karate haiM unheM usakI kartavyatAke sambandhameM Page #530 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vyavahArako sukhada banAnekA upAya 1 koI bhI saMdeha nahIM rahatA / ve loga apane kartavya ke sambandhameM saMdihAnAvasthA meM nahIM rahate / kartavya pAlana hI kartavyapAlanakI saphalatA hai / kartavya. niSTha vyakti phalAkAMkSA-rahita hokara bhautika zubhAzubha pariNAmake sambandha meM nirapekSa hokara, apane kartavyako pAlane ke santoSa rUpI phalako yA yoM kaheM ki kartavyako preraNA denevAle zuddha bhAvanA rUpI phalako pahale hI se apanI muTThI meM baiThA huA pAkara niHsaMkoca hokara jIvanasaMgrAma ke siddhahasta vijayI vIra bana jAte haiM aura kartavya pAlanakA vrata liye rahate haiM / 503 vyavahAra meM satyakA to vijayI rahanA aura asatyakA parAjita rahanA hI kartavyA kartavya - nirNayakI kuzalatAkA paricAyaka hai / tattvajJAnakA kAma manuSyako akArya se rokate rahanA tathA kartAko saMdihAna na rahane denA hai / vyAvahArika jIvana meM bhrAnti bane rahanA kartavya nirNayakI akuzalatAkA hI paricAyaka hotA hai / asatyakI pahacAna satyako apanA cukanepara hI hotI hai / satyako apanA cukanese pahale asatya nahIM pahacAnA jAtA | asatyako pahacAna cukanevara manuSyako svabhAva se hI use tyAganekI kuzalatA prApta ho jAtI hai | satyako apanA cukanA hI tatvajJAna hai / tattvajJake vyavahArameM zAnti, saumanasya, dayAlutA, kRtajJatA Adi guNoMkI laMbI paMkti hotI hai / usameM azAnti nahIM rahatI / jisake vyavahAra meM kartavyabhraSTatA, azAnti, garamI, uttejanA, saMdeha aura kartavya mUDhatA nahIM hai vahI tattvajJa hai / athavA - tatvajJAna saphala kAryoMko hI kartavya batAtA hai| vaha niSphala akaraNIya karmoMko kartavya nahIM batAtA / ( vyavahArako sukhada banAne kA upAya ) vyavahAre pakSapAto na kAryaH || 546 // vyavahAra meM pakSapAta nahIM karanA cAhiye / vivaraNa - vyavahAra satyAnukUla hone se hI sukhada hotA hai manakI niSpakSa sthiti hai / indriyoMkI abhilASAoM yA bhautika kArmose | satya Page #531 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 504 cANakyasUtrANi aprabhAvita rahanA niSpakSatA hai| vyavahAra meM jitendriyatA, niHsvArthatA yA satyasevAko AdhAra banA lenA hI pakSapAta -rahita honA hai| satyakI rakSA pakSapAtarahita ho jAne se hI hotI hai| niSpakSa vyavahAra na karanese apanA tathA apane samAja donoM hI kA aniSTa hotA tathA samAjameM durnIti kI vRddhi hotI hai| pAThAntara- apakSapAtena vyavahAraH kartavyaH / ( vyavahArakI dharmase mukhyatA arthAt vyavahAra aMgI dharma usakA aMga ) dharmAdapi vyavahAro garIyAn // 547 // vyavahAra dharmase bhI zreSTha yA mukhya hai| vivaraNa- avyavahArya dharma dharma hI nahIM hai / dharmako vyavahArakA rUpa mila jAnA arthAt dharmAcaraNa tathA vyavahArakA eka bana jAnA dUsare zabdoM meM vyavahArakA hI paramArtha bana jAnA yA sakala pravRttiyoM kA dharmamaya bana jAnA hI dharmakI sArthakatA hai| vyavahAra hI dharma karmakSetra yA mAghArabhUmi hai| nyavahAra hI dharmako prakaTa hone kA avasara detA hai / vyavahArake lie hI dharma hai / vyavahArameM dharma kA upayoga na honA dharma kI vyarthatA hai| satyaniSThA hI manuSya kA dharma yA svadharma hai ! vyavahAra meM satyako prakaTa karanA hI manuSyakI satyaniSThA hai / yadi manuSyake vyavahAra meM satya prakaTa na hoM, to mAna lo ki asatya hI usake jIvana meM prabala ho kara raha rahA hai| jIvana meM apatyake prabala honese manuSyakA adhArmika honA pramANita hotA hai| vAstava meM dekhA jAya to lekhakake AdhAra gaNanApaTTake samAna vyavahAra ho dharmakA saMrakSaka kSetra hai| dharmako vyavahArameM hI AtmalAbha hotA hai / jo dharma vyavahArameM upekSita rahatA hai, jo dharma gyavahArabhUmimeM utarane kA sAhasa nahIM karatA, vaha dharma na hokara adharma kA hI bhAvaraNamAtra hotA hai| vaha adharmako hI khulakara khelane kI AjJA denevAlA asatya kA hI cATukAra banakara rahane vAlA napuMsaka, nirvIrya, anyAvahArika, AsurI dharma hotA hai / dharmako Page #532 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vyavahArakI sAkSI vyavahAra-ba - bahirbhUta rakhanevAlI AsurI AdhyAtmikatA hI manuSyatA- ghAtI AsurI rAjakI jananI hai / manako abhrAnta, avyartha Atmazaktile jitedriya bane rahane kI vyavahAra kuzalatA ho to AdhyAtmikatA hai| isa sIdhImI sarala bAtako mUDhatAse dRSTi bahirbhUta rakhakara pravaMcanAmUlaka japa, tapa, bhajana, kIrtana, dhyAnadhAraNA, yogayajJa, samAdhi Adi zArIrika jaTila bhrAnta prayatnoMse vyarthatA varaNa karate hue ajJAta aloka IzvarakRpAkA napuMsaka bhikhArI banakara, manuSyatAhIna asura bananA hI AsurI AdhyAtmikatAkA dhyeya hai / ( vyavahArakA sAkSI ) AtmA hi vyavahArasya sAkSI || 548 // 505 AtmA hI vyavahArakA sAkSI hai / vivaraNa- satya hI manuSyakA AtmA yA svarUpa hai| manuSya apane isa satyasvarUpakI kasauTIpara kasakara hI kartavyAkartavyakA vicAra tathA nirNaya kiyA karatA | manuSyakA antArA yA usake sIvara rahanevAlA satya, jisa bAtako kartavya ke rUpameM svIkAra kara letA hai, use vyavahAra meM lAnA usake liye anivArya ho jAtA hai / use mANake nAkI zaMkA taka bhI kartavya se cyuta nahIM kara sakatI / satyake nAmapara hue aitihAsika balidAna isa bAtake sAkSI haiN| yadi manuSya vyavahAra meM satyako upekSA kara detA hai to usIkA AtmA use sahasradhA nindita karane lagatA hai / manuSya svayaM hI apanI parAyI vyavahArazuddhikI kasauTI hai / manuSyako vyavahArakI zreSThatAkA svarUpa kisI dUsare se nahIM sIkhanA hai / jaise machalI ke baccoMko tairanA nahIM sikhAyA jAtA, isI prakAra manuSyako vyavahArakI saccAI sikhAI nahIM jAtI / vaha use svabhAvase jAtI hai| bAhyazikSA usImeM pariSkAra karanevAlI ho sakatI hai / athavA AtmA arthAt ( AtmA zabdako [ AtmavAn rAjA ] ke samAna manakA vAcaka mAna lenepara ) manuSyakA mana hI usake samasta vyavahAroMkI saccAI yA jhuThAIkA sAkSI hai / Page #533 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 506 cANakyasUtrANi manuSya sAre saMsArako dhokA de sakatA hai parantu apane manako nahIM Thaga sakatA / manuSyakA mana usake karmoM ke praucitya anaucitya ke nirNayakA aisA nyAyAlaya hai jisa nyAyAlayakI A~khoM meM dhUla nahIM jhoMkI jA sktii| manuSyakA mana usakI pratyeka ceSTA aura usa ceSTAkI preraka bhAvanAoMse pUrNa paricita rahatA hai| yatkarma kurvato'sya syAtparitoSo'ntarAtmanaH / tattadyatnena kurvIta viparItaM tu varjayet // jisa kAmako karate hue mAnava ke antarAtmAko sAvika, santoSa aura niHsvArtha harSa ho use yasnase kare tathA saMtoSahIna, sAbika, harSarahita, citta cAcalyakAraka, bhItijanaka, lajAvaha kAma na kare / . ( saMsArabharakA sAkSI ) sarvasAkSIhyAtmA // 549 // satyasvarUpa AtmA isa sakala jagatke yA isa mAnavake jIvana vyApI samasta caritrako yA to satya honekA pramANapatra dekara sAdhuvAda dene yA asatya pramANita karake dhikAraneke liye mAnava hRdayameM sAkSI arthAt taTasthadraSTA banakara baiThA hai / / vivaraNa- bAharavAlA sAkSI cAhe sarvatra na mila sake parantu yaha AtmArUpI vizvavyApI sAkSI to sadA sarvatra upasthita rahatA hai / Atmaiva hyAtmanaH sAkSI gatirAtmA tathAtmanaH / mAvamaMsthAH svamAtmAnaM nRNAM sAkSiNamuttamam // 1 // manyante vai pApakRto na kazcitpazyatIha naH / tAMstu devAH prapazyanti svasyaivAntarapUruSaH // 2 // eko'hamasmItyAtmAnaM yattvaM kalyANa manyase / nityaM sthitaste hRdaye puNyapApekSitA muniH // 3 // apanA AtmA hI apanA sAkSI tathA panI gati hai| manuSyako isake atirikta maura kisIko bhI nahIM pAnA hai| manuSya ! tU manuSyoM ke sarvottama Page #534 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sAkSIkA dharma 507 sAkSI apane AsmAkA apamAna avahelanA yA upekSA mata kara // 1 // pAnI loga samajhate haiM ki hameM koI nahIM dekhtaa| pApI loga jAne ki unheM devatA aura unhIMkA bhItaravAlA puruSa dekha rahA hai // 2 // bho bhale mAnasa ! tU jo apane Apako akelA samajhakara pApameM kUda paDanA cAhatA hai yaha terI bhayaMkara bhUla hai / tU akelA kabhI bhI nahIM hai / tere bhItara pApapuNya donoM kA draSTA eka muni baiThA hai / vaha tujhe dina-rAta ATha pahara dekha yamo vaivasvato devo yastavaiSa hRdi sthitaH / tena cedavivAdaste mA gaMgAM mA kurUn vraja // 1 // yasya vidvAn hi vadataH kSetro nAbhizaMkate / tasmAna devAH zreyAMsaM lokatanyaM puruSaM viduH // 2 // mo mAnava! tere hRdaya meM jo vaivasvata yama terA hRdayeza banakara tere kamaukI sAkSI lene ke liye baiThA hai usase yadi terA usakA koI vivAda nahIM hai, yadi use terA koI aisA pApa hAtha nahIM AtA ki jisapara vaha tujhe Toka sake to tU niSpApa aura dhanya hai / aba tujhe pApa-nAzake liye gaMgA yA kurukSetra jAne kI koI mAvazyakatA nahIM hai / jisa manuSya ke koI bAta muMhase nikAlanepara usakI guptatama bhAvanAoM takako bhalI prakAra jAnanevAlA antarAlamA zaMkita nahIM hotA vidvAn loga isa saMsArameM usase zreSTha kisI puruSako nahIM jAnate / vidvAn loga use puruSottama kahate haiN| aisA mAnava to mAnava rUpadhArI parabrahma hai / usake dehameM sAkSAt nArAyaNa mAnava-lIlA karate haiN| pAThAntara-satyasAkSI hyAtmA / mAtmA sabase saccA sAkSI hai| ( sAkSIkA dharma ) / na syAt kUTasAkSI // 550 // manuSya mithyApakSakA samarthaka sAkSI na bane / vivaraNa- kUTasAkSI bananese satyakA AcchAdana, paravaMcana, samAjagardA, tathA bhAtmaglAni hotI hai / jo manuSya saccI ghaTanAko jAnatA huA bhI Page #535 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 508 cANakyasUtrANi sAkSya denese bacatA hai vaha bhI kUTasAkSI mAnA jAkara kUTasAkSIke hI samAna daNDanIya hotA hai| yahI bAta yAjJavalkyane kahI hai na dadAti hi yaH sAkSyaM jAnanapi narAdhamaH / sa kUTasAkSiNAM pApaiH tulyo daNDena caiva hi // mahAbhArata meM bhI kahA hai yazca kAryArthatatvajJo jAnannapi na bhASate / so'pi tenaiva pApana lipyate nAtra saMzayaH // jo saccI bAta jAnatA hamA bhI nahIM batAtA use bhI vahI pApa laga jAtA hai jo sAkSAta pApIko lagatA hai| vAstavika bAtako nirarthaka banA DAlanevAlI vaka rItise kahanevAlA sAkSI bhI kUTasAkSI kahAtA hai / sAkSI loga mithyA sAkSI, gRDha sAkSI Adi aneka prakAra ke hote haiM / manuke sAtaveM adhyAya tathA vyavahAra tatva meM isakA savistara varNana hai| andhaM tamaH pravizanti ye ke cAtmahano janAH / ( IzAvAsya ) apane bhAramAkA vAta karane arthAt apane manakI saccI vANIko jAna. bRjhakara sakanevAle loga ghora ajJAnAndhakArameM DUbe hue loga haiM / saccI sAkSI denese bacanA to Aja samAjakI sAdhAraNa manodazA bana gaI hai / loga saccI sAkSI denA apanA kartavya hI nahIM smjhte| yaha mAnavakI kaisI hInatA hai ki loga satyako vijaya dilAne meM ullAsa anubhava nahIM karate / yaha usase bhI bar3e duHkhakI bAta hai ki samAjameM mithyA sAkSI denekA eka vyavasAya bana gayA hai / mithyA sAkSI denevAle loga Age baDhakara sAkSI dete aura isa vyavasAyase anucita bhautika lAbha bhI uThAte haiN| isa sUtra meM mithyA sAkSI dene kI pravRttiko nindita ThaharAyA gayA hai| parantu saccI sAkSI na dene ke kAraNoMpara prakAza nahIM DAlA gyaa| jo loga saccI sAkSI dene se bacate haiM, Aiye unakI manodazAkA vizleSaNa karake Page #536 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kUTasAkSIkI hAni dekheM | vartamAna nyAyAlayoM ( pracalita adAlatoM ) meM anaitikatAkA vAtAcaraNa hai yaha sarvavizruta tathA sarvasammata bAta hai / jo loga vartamAna nyAyAlayoM ( yA adAlatoM ) ke saMparka meM jAte haiM, una sabakA apane svAbhimAna tathA apanI svAbhAvika satyaniSThA para paga-pagapara coTa AnekA bhasyanta kaTu anubhava hai / yoM to satyaniSTha ke liye saccI sAkSI denA sukhakara kartavya hai, parantu jina nyAyAlayoM ( adAlatoM ) meM satyakA apamAna karanekA hI sudRDha prabandha ho, jahA~ svayaM adAlata satyako apamAnita karake mithyAko mahatva deneke lie tulI huI do aura nyAyake sirapara apane svecchAcArako baiThA rakhA ho tathA nyAyArthIke mAnavIya ucita adhikArako padadalita karake saba prakArakA pramAda, Alasya aura durAgraha karaneke lie svataMtra ho jahAM pulisa nAnA prakAra ke anucita upAyoMse mithyA pramANa sajAkara aghadina abhiyoga prastuta karane meM lagI rahatI ho, vahA~ pulisake tathA ghamaMDI adAlatake saMparka meM AnA satpuruSoM ke siddhAMta ke viruddha hue binA nahIM rahatA / 509 satya sAkSI denekA Agraha rakhanevAle parapuruSako jabataka nyAyAlayakI pavitratA, pulisakI kartavyaniSThA tathA nyAyAlayakI kAryavAhiyoM meM apanI sammAna - rakSAkA pUrNa santoSa na mile, tabataka satya sAkSI denekI abhilASA rakhanevAloMko satya ( sacAI ) kI vijayake sambandha meM nizcintatA kabhI bhI nahIM ho sakatI / isaliye manuSyako jAnanA cAhiye ki satyako nizcita vijaya dilAnevAlA nyAyAlaya hI saccA nyAyAlaya hai / jo loga aise labdhapratiSTha nyAyAlayoMmeM satya sAkSI dene se baceM unakA bacanA mithyA pakSakA samarthana rUpI daMDanIya aparAdha hai| sacce nyAyAlayoM meM hI satya kahA jAya isI meM saccI sAkSIkI sArthakatA hai / pAThAntara - na ca kUTasAkSI syAt / ( kaTasAkSI kI hAni ) kUTasAkSiNo narake patanti // 559 // mithyAko satya banA DAlanevAlI sAkSI denevAle ajJAnI Page #537 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi mUDha loga mithyAbhASaNarUpI kalaMkako hI sukha samajhakara ananta duHkha-jAla-rUpI narakama pha~se paDe rahate haiN| vivaraNa- kUTasAkSI loga mithyAcArako hI apane jIvanakA siddhAnta banA lete haiN| (pratyeka vyavahArakA apane Upara prabhAva ) ( adhika sUtra ) na kazcinnAzayati samuddharati vA / kisIke viruddha yA anukUla sAkSI denevAlA koI bhI kisI dUsarekA nAza yA uddhAra nahIM karatA / vivaraNa-- manuSya satya yA mithyAkA Azraya karake svayaM ho apanA uddhAra yA nAza kara letA hai / manuSya kUTasAkSI dekara dUsarekA nAza yA uddhAra nahIM karatA, kintu apanA hI sarvanAza kara letA hai| jisake viruddha yA anukUla mithyA sAkSI dI jAtI hai isakA hAni-lAbha usake apane hI mAcaraNoMpara nirbhara hotA hai| mithyA sAkSIse dUsarekA nigraha-anugraha karAnevAle vAstava meM apanA hI nigraha-anugraha kara lete haiN| manuSya ke sAmane dUsarekI koI samasyA hI nahIM hai| use ye nahIM socanA hai ki dUsarekA kyA banegA ? use to yahI socanA hai ki isa kukarma yA sukarmase merA kyA bananA hai ? use to apanI hI dRSTise apanA kartavya karanA cAhiye / isIse usakA kalyANa honA hai| (pApIko dekhanevAlI prakRtise sAkSI lo ) pracchannapApAnAM sAkSiNo mahAbhUtAni // 552 // chipAkara kiye hue pApoMkI sAkSitA bhautika paristhitimeM saMlagna rahatI hai| vivaraNa- pApI avazya hI samAja kI mAMkha bacA kara pApa karatA hai| samAjakI AMkhoMse cAhe pApa bacAyA jA sake parantu prakRtikI mAMkhoMko Page #538 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pApIko dekhanevAlI prakRti bacAkara to pApa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / pApa svayaM hI prakRtike zAnta vAtAvaraNakA virodha karatA hai / prakRtimeM kahIM na kahIM pApakI chApa laga hI jAtI hai / yadi pApIko daNDa denevAle loga prAkRtika paristhitikA ucita DhaMga se gambhIra nirIkSaNa, parIkSaNa aura adhyayana kareM to pApIke pApako prakAzameM lA sakate haiM aura use aparAdhI siddha karake daNDa bhI de sakate haiM / prAkRtika niyamoMkA bhaMga karanevAle pApI loga prakRtiko apanA zatru banA lete haiM / prakRti bhI aparAdhIpara ruSTa ho jAtI aura usakA sAtha denA banda kara detI hai / prakRti svayaM cAhane lagatI hai ki koI satarka rAjyavyavasthA ho to maiM isa aparAdhIko pakaDavA dUM / prakRti daNDadAtAkI sadAyaka bana jAtI hai / vaha daNDadAtAko kevala nimittamAtra banAkara svayaM hI pApIko daNDa deneke liye utAvalI huI phirane lagatI hai / prakRti svayaM hI daNDadAtrI saMsthA hai / 511 pracchanna pApake kucha na kucha bhautika sAdhana aura koI na koI bhautika paristhiti hotI hai / pApasthalake AsapAsa ke paMcabhUrtIpara yA kartAkI mukhAkRti, mukhabhaMgI tathA indriya- ceSTAbhoMpara pApa-karmake koI na koI cihna raha jAnA anivArya hotA hai| gupta pApoMke sthaloMke sUkSma pApa cihnoMkI eka sAMketika lipi hotI hai / mananazIla guptacara vibhAgako isa sAMketika lipikA paMDita honA cAhiye / vaha yadi satarka ho to usakI sUkSmekSikAse praccha pApa bhI sunizcita rUpameM pahacAne jA sakate haiM aura deza meM gupta pApoMko pUrNatayA rokA jA sakatA hai / parantu yaha kAma parizrama, avadhAna tathA pUrNa satarkatA rakhanevAle Antarika rakSA-vibhAgakA hai / gupta pApa isa vibhAgako kartavyahInatA se hI ajJAta aura aDita rahakara dezameM pApake vardhaka aura protsAhaka bana jAte haiN| yadi koI rAjya vyavasthA pApakA patA na calA sakanevAle adhikAriyoMko kisI prakArakA daNDa milanekI vyavasthA kara de aura atyAcAritakI kSatipUrti rAjakoSa se karanA niyama banA le isa prakArake pApa nizcita rUpameM deza meMse roke jA sakate haiN| Page #539 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi jaba ki saMsArakA koI bhI karma aisA nahIM hai jo manuSya ke puruSArtha se siddha na ho sake aura jaba ki prakRti daNDa dAtAkA pUrA-pUrA sAtha dene kI prastuta hai, taba pApIke aparAdhako prakAza meM lAkara usake sirapara samAjakA daNDa rakha denA puruSArtha se bAhara kadApi nahIM ho sktaa| pApIke pracchana pApoM ko bhI daMDita kara sakanA vizeSa rUpase usa avasthAmeM to kisI bhI prakAra puruSArthase bAhara nahIM ho sakatA jaba ki pApI ikalA-dukalA ho aura sAre samAjakA bala khullama-khullA daNdadAtAko pApa khojanekI pUrI suvidhA dekara usakA pUrA sAtha deneko prastuta ho| yadi pracchanna pApoM kA RmAjakI dRSTi meM mAnA asaMbhava mAna liyA jAya to pApiyoMko daNDa milanA bhI masaMbhava mAna lenA paDegA / jaba ki prajApAlanakI kalA hI daNDanIti hai taba pApiyoM ko daNDa na mila sakanA rAjya. vyavasthAkA nikammApana mAnanA paDegA / rAjya-saMsthAkI daNDanItine hI to samAja meM zAntikI sthApanA karanI hai| Apa sociye to sahI ki prajAkA jo vyakti pracchanna pApakA mAkheTa banA hai aura usapara mArayAcAra karanevAle pApIko daNDa nahIM diyA jA sakA hai, to zAnti sthApanAke nAmapara rASTrase baDe-baDe vetana DakAra jAnevAle rAjanItike paMDita loga batAyeM ki rAjyavyavasthA usa matyAcAritase Ajataka jo rakSA tathA zAnti sthApanAke nAma para kara letI bhA rahI hai aura bhaviSya meM letI rahanA cAhatI hai usa karagrahaNakA kyA aucitya hai ? nahIM, nahIM, hameM kahane dIjiye ki rAjyavyavasthA jina atyAcAritoMko nyAyocita sAntvanA aura hAnikA vinimaya na de sake use atyAcAritoMse kara grahaNa karane kA koI maucitya nahIM hai| bhAratIya rAjanIti cAhatI hai ki rASTravAsiyoMse jIdhana bImekI kistoMke rUpa meM hI kara liyA jAnA caahiye| rASTa kI daNDanIti pUrNa sazakta honI caahiye| yadi daNDanIti sazakta ho to pApiyoM ke pApoM ko kisI bhI rUpa meM adaMDita nahIM raha jAnA cAhiye / mAjakI rAjyavyavasthAne zAMtirakSaka palisako tathA usa vibhAgake karmacAri. yoMko nAgarikakI morase kI huI azAMtikI zikAyatapara hastakSepa na karake Page #540 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pApIko dekhanevAlI prakRti taTastha rahane kI bhAjJA dekara daMDanItikA bhaMga kiyA aura samAjameM pApako protsAhana de rahI hai / jaba ki rASTrameM daNDa-yavasthAke nAmapara logoMse bharapUra kara liye jA rahe ho aura rakSAke nAmapara pUrA vyaya kiyA jA rahA ho taba bhI pApakA ajJAta tathA adaNDita raha jAnA rAjyasaMsthAkI hInatAkA sUcaka mAnanA par3atA hai| pApoMko patA na calA sakanevAlI aura pApi. yoko daNDita na kara sakanevAlI rAjyavyavasthAko apane hAthoM meM zAsanasUtra pakaDe rahanekA koI maucitya nahIM hai| rAjyasaMsthA banAI hI isa kAmake liye hai ki daNDanIti ke prayogase bhautika paristhitikI sAkSIse prarachasa pApoM ko prakAza meM lAye / mAsyanyAyako rokane ke liye hI to rAjya saMsthA banAI jAtI hai| nahIM to rAjyasaMsthA rASTake sirapara vyarthakA vyaya bana jAtI hai| samAjakI pavitratAkI rakSA karanA rAjyavyavasthAkA mukhya kartavya hai / yadi rAjyavyavasthA pracchanna pApiyoM kA patA na lagA sake aura unheM daNDita na kara sake to aisI rAjyasaMsthA yA aise rAjya-karmacArIko tatkAla padacyutikA daNDa dekara haTA diyA jAnA cAhiye / pracchana pApoMko bhadaNDita na rahane dene ke liye rASTrameM truTi rahita suyogya aura satarkatAse pUrNa kaThora AnivArya vyavasthA honI caahiye| daNDaH zAsti prajAH sarvA daNDa evAbhirakSati / daNDaH supteSu jAgarti daNDaM dharma vidurbudhAH // ( manu) daNDa hI prajApara zAsana karatA hai, daNDa hI unakI rakSA karatA hai| daNDa taba bhI jAgatA hai jaba ki sArA saMsAra sotA hai / / sarvo daNDajito loko durlabho hi zucirnaraH / saMsAra daNDabhaya se sumArgapara rahatA hai dinA daNDabhaya ke sumArgapara calanevAle loga to karoDoMmeM koI hote haiM / 33 ( cANakya.) Page #541 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 514 baathr'umaalH ( pApa pApIke hI mukhase svIkAra karAyA jA sakatA hai ) AtmanaH pApamAtmaiva prakAzayati // 553 // pApI apane pApako svayaM hI prakAzita kara detA hai| vivaraNa- manuSya pApa karanese pahale apane satyasvarUpa yA satyanArAyaNako asvIkAra kara cukatA hai / vaha apane jIvana meM satyanArAyaNako asvIkAra kara cakane ke anantara pApAcaraNa karane para udyata hotA hai| phira vaha pApako sthala jagatakI dRSTi se gupta rakhakara samAja-vyavasthAse milanevAle daNDase bacanA cAhatA aura kabhI-kabhI baca bhI jAtA hai| samAjavyavasthAkI ora se milane vAle pApake daNDase baca jAnepara bhI usake pApakA pratyakSadarzI sAkSI usakA jaDa bhI pA~cabhautika deha apane bhItara pApake pramANoMkA saMgraha karake rakhatA hai| usa dehakI adhiSThAtrI devI cetanAne usa pApako pratyakSa dekhA hotA hai / upta jIvita dehakA dehI hI usake pApakA daNDa use pagapagapara dete rahane ke liye usa dehameM cakSuSmAna hokara rahatA maura use dhikkAratA rahatA hai / usa dehakA dehI usake pApakI milanatAse usake manameM AtmaglAni utpanna kiye vinA nahIM rhtaa| dehI mAnavamanakA rUpa lekara sat-asat, puNya-pApa, sukhaduHkhako apanAne meM svataMtra hotA hai| ajJAnake vaza ho jAnA, puNya tyAga denA, pApako apanAlenA, pavitratAkI svAbhAvika bAkAMkSAko padadalita hotA dekhanA dehIke svabhAvake viruddha hotA hai| isa prakAra pApIkA apanA hI pApasvabhAva usIke liye mantaHzalya bana jAtA hai| patita manako apavitratA rUpI vaha vRzcika daMzana saba samaya bhugatanA paDatA hai| patita manake pAsa isa vRzcika daMzanase bacanekA koI upAya zeSa nahIM rhtaa| manuSya pApa bhI kara le aura azAnta bhI na ho yaha kabhI saMbhava nahIM hai / koI bhI jIvita deha zAMti ke adhikArako bhI tyAga de aura azAnti rUpI duHkhase bhI bacA rahe yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| Page #542 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pApa pApIse svIkAra karanA Aiye aba isapara dUsarI dRSTise vicAra kareM- saba jAnate haiM ki pApa samAjakI dRSTiko bacAkara kiyA jAtA hai / parantu vaha jisa samAjakI dRSTi bacAkara kiyA jAtA usIko apanA AkheTa bhI banAtA | jo pApa sazakta samAjakI dRSTise bacAkara kiyA jAtA hai vahI pApa azakta samA jako apanA AkheTa banAtA hai / pApAcaraNakI koI vyaktigata ghaTanA cAhe kabhI samAja ke sAmane na bhI bhA sakeM to bhI pApIkA samAja kalyANaghAtI pApI svabhAva samAjase chipA nahIM rahatA / samAja pracchanna pApiyoMko pApI samajha hI jAtA hai / pApIkI pahuMcAI huI hAni tathA usake hAnikAraka prabhAvako pratyakSa dekhanevAlA samAja use daNDita karanekA yathAzakti prayatna bhI karatA hai / kabhI kabhI daNDase baca jAnepara bhI pApI apane AcaraNoM meM samAjakI ghRNAkA pAtra to anivArya rUpase bana jAtA hai / 515 samAjakI ghRNAkA pAtra ho jAnA kucha nyUna daNDa nahIM hai / pApIkA pApa cAhe use daNDa dilavAne meM aparAdha ( cUka ) kara jAye parantu usakA pApI svabhAva use samAjase yaha anivArya daNDa dilAye binA nahIM rahatA / pApa karanevAlA pApI cAhe apane pApakI ghaTanAko samAjakI dRSTimeM na Ane dene meM pUrNa saphala ho jAya, parantu vaha apane cittakI pApa-preraka mahinatAko apane pApI svabhAvake rUpameM prakaTa hote rahane se nahIM roka sakatA / manuSya chipakara pApa bhI karatA rahe aura apane svabhAvako pApamukta saMtoMvAlA bhI rakha sake yaha kisI bhI prakAra saMbhava nahIM hai / yaha nizcita hai ki malina svabhAvavAlekA hRdaya pahale se hI malina ho cukA hotA hai / malina hRdayavAleke AcaraNoMkA malina honA anivArya hotA hai / niMdita nahIM raha sakatA ! pApI manuSya apane bhItara bAhara kahIM bhI pApIko bAhya meM aniMdita rahane kI koI sthiti nahIM hai| manuSyakI pApa vAsanA bhasmAcchanna bhanike samAna pApIke hRdaya meM sulagatI rahatI aura apanI pApamagnAvasthAko apanI AMkhoMke sAmane lAtI hI rahatI hai / manuSya sAre saMsArakI AMkhoM meM dhUla jhoMkanekA duHsAhasa to kara sakatA hai parantu Page #543 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 516 cANakyasUtrANi vaha apane pApako apane bhItara baiThe hue puNya-pApekSitA mAtmamunise chipA nahIM sktaa| pApako jaba taka samUla ukhADa nahIM pheMkA jAtA taba taka vaha pApIkA todana karanA nahIM chodd'taa| pApIkA mAcaraNa hI use apane hRdaya tathA samAjameM nindita ghRNita sthAna de detA hai / apanI tathA samAjakI dRSTi meM ghRNita ho jAnA bhI pApIkA daNDa pA jAnA hotA hai| yadi kabhI samAjase chipAkara eka do garhita pApa karanA saMbhava ho bhI jAya to bhI pApa svabhAva banA lenevAle manuSyakA una pApoMse bace rahanA asaMbhava hai jo svabhAvavaza usake jIvana meM prakaTa hue vinA nahIM raha sakate / __ pApIkA deha pApake bojhako DhotA rahatA hai / yaha deha pApake bojhako apane Upara Dhokara apane dehIkI orase nindita aura lAcchita hotA rahatA hai / jagatse cAhe pApa chipa jAMya parantu manuSya jisa dehase pApa karatA hai usase to nahIM chipAyA jA sakatA / jaise churese ko huI gupta hatyAkA pApa churese nahIM chipAyA jA sakatA aura vahI raktaraMjita churA saMyogavaza daNDa. dAtAke hAthoM meM pahu~cakara hatyArekI hatyAke sAdhanake rUpameM pramANita hokara sase aparAdhI siddha karake daNDita karA detA hai, isI prakAra pApIke pApakA sAdhana deha dehIrUpI paTala ( avyartha ) daNDadAtAke sammukha pratikSaNa aparAdhoMkI sAkSI detA rahakara pApI manako pAtmaglAni nAmaka daMDase daMDita karatA rahatA hai / jo manuSya pApako apanI jIvana-yAtrAke sAdhana ke rUpa meM apanAletA hai pApa usakA zItAMgArake kRSNavarNake samAna atyAjya svabhAva bana jAtA hai / jisa mUtako pavitratAkI pahacAna nahIM hai, jo bhavivekakI apavitratAmeM hI sukha mAna rahA hai, sociye to sahI ki vaha kyoM apane pApase milanevAle sukhako tyAgegA ? aura kyoM puNya karanekA duHkha mola legA? pApAcaraNa manuSya kA AdhyAtmika AtmaghAta hai| pApIkA pApa usakA bhananta mAnasika duHkha aura antaHzalya bana jAtA hai| pApajanita duHkha bandhanameM ulajhakara karAhate tathA mAha bharate rahanA hI pApIkA apane pApa rUpako apane sAmane prakaTa rakhanA hai| Page #544 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pApa pApIse svIkAra karanA athavA- pApIke pApAcaraNase mAhata samAja usa pApIpara kaThora daNDa yA pralobhanakA dabAva dekara usIke mukha se pApa svIkAra karA le aura usake pApake sambandhameM ucita pramANa saMgraha karake use daNDa deneko udyata ho jAya to vaha pApI apane pApako apane Apa prakAzita kara detA hai| isa sUtrakA abhiprAya yahI hai ki pApI hRdaya kabhI bhI rana nahIM hotaa| pApI manuSya svabhAvase caMcalacitta hotA hai| chipAkara pApa karane para bhI usakI svAbhAvika caMcalacittatA svayaM hI usake pApakarmako prakAzameM lAne kA sAdhana banAyI jA sakatI hai| pApIpara mAvazyaka kaThoratA karake tathA pralobhana Adi upAyoM ko kAmameM lAkara usIke mukhase aparAdha svIkAra karAyA jA sakatA aura usIke mukha se aparAdhasAdhaka pramANoM kI sUcI lekara unakA saMgraha karake use daNDa diyA jA sakatA hai| yadi koI rAjya-vyavasthA caMcala citta pApIko, daNDita na kara sake to yaha upa rAjya-vyavasthAkA akSamya aparAdha hai| isakA artha yaha hogA ki samAjabharake anumodanase banI huI rAjazakti caMcalacitta eka-do pApiyoMse bhI nyUna zakti rakhatI hai| jo rAjazakti itanI kartavyahInatArUpI nyUnatA dikhAne meM na lajAtI ho use tatkAla padacyuta kara dene meM hI samAjakA kalyANa hai| kyoMki samAja apane sAdhu-asAdhu vyaktiyoM se svayaM paricita rahatA hai, isaliye kisI bhI aparAdhIkA cAlacalana samAjako ajJAta nahIM rhtaa| pApI apane pApako apane svabhAva tathA AcaraNake dvArA hI prakAzita kiyA karatA hai| aise pApIko daNDita na kara pAnA samAjakA aura usakI rAjazaktikA aMdhApana hai| pApIkA aparAdhI hRdaya apanA pApa chipAnekA jo anucita bhAgraha rakhatA hai usake kAraNa vaha asvAbhAvika mAcaraNa karane lagatA hai| usake ve asvAbhAvika mAcaraNa daNDAdhikAriyoMke sAmane usake pApakA bhaMDAphoDa kara dete haiN| pApIkA aparAdhI hRdaya apane pApa chipAnekA Agraha kiyA Page #545 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi karatA hai / vaha jAnatA hai ki maiMne samAja kalyANakArI niyamakA saMga kiyA hai isaliye maiM samAjakA aparAdhI hU~ / vaha isI dRSTike kAraNa apane pApako chipAkara rakhanA cAhatA hai / vaha apanA pApa chipAnekI cAdake vazIbhUta hokara kucha isa prakAra ke asvAbhAvika AcaraNa karane lagatA hai jo daNDAdhikAriyoMke sammukha usakA bhaMDAphoDa kara dete haiM / daNDAdhikArI loga aise avasaroMpara usapara ucita dabAva DAlakara usake aparAdhako usIke mukhase prakaTa karAne meM samartha ho sakate haiM / pApIkA cAlacalana, raMgaDhaMga, rahanasahana, vAkyaparipATI, caMcalacittatA, gAtroM kI gati Adi saba kucha saba samaya saMdehajanaka banA rahatA hai| usase asvAbhAvika karma karAnevAlI usakI asvAbhAvika mAnasika sthiti use puruSa-pararIkSakoM kI dRSTimeM saMdehakA pAtra banA detI hai / pAThAntara pracchannaM yatkRtaM tadapi na pracchannamAtmanaH / dUsaroMkI dRSTi bacAkara kiye pApa bhI apane AtmAse pracchanna nahIM rahatI / ( AkRtipara caritrakI chApa A jAtI haiM ) vyavahAre'ntargata mAkAraH sUcayati / / 554 / / manuSyakI AkRti usake manake vyavahAra preraka gupta bhAvoMko vyavahAra - bhUmimeM dUsaroMpara prakaTa kara detI hai / 518 vivaraNa -- vyavahAra karAnevAlI mAnasika sthiti vyavahAra meM manuSyakI bhAkRti para jhUlane lagatI hai / manuSya jisa bhAvanAse jo vyavahAra karatA hai, vaha bhAvanA usake AkAra meM pratibimbita hokara rahatI haiN| manuSyakI AkRtipara usake manakI pavitratA yA apavitratAkA pratibimba anivArya rUpa se paDatA hai / lokacaritrako samajhanevAle puruSa-parIkSAke vizeSajJa logoM kI sUkSma dRSTimeM mAnavoMkI AkRtiyA~ hI unakI mAnasika sthitiko prakaTa kara denevAlI pAThyasAmagrI hotI hai / AkArairiGgitairgatyA ceSTayA bhASaNena ca / netravaktravikArazca lakSyate'ntargataM manaH // ( viSNuzarmA ) Page #546 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ AkArasaMgopana asaMbhava 519 AkAra, saMketa, gati, ceSTA, mASaNa tayA netravaktra vikAroMse bhIvara chipA mana kaMcapAtrameM rakhe padArtha ke samAna spaSTa dIkha jAtA hai| ( AkArasaMgopana asaMbhava ) AkArasaMvaraNaM devAnAmazakyam // 555 / / apanI mukhAkRtipara apane manobhAvoMko prakaTa na hone denA kisIke liye bhI zakya nahIM hai| vivaraNa- AkRtikI lipike vizeSajJoMkI sUkSmekSikAse apanA sAkAra chipA lenA zaktizAliyoMke bhI sAmarthya se bAharakI bAta hai / dRSTi-saMcAlana, asaMgata vacana, bhAvAveza Adike dvArA manobhAva pahacAne jA sakate haiM / bhinnasvaramukhavarNaH zaMkitadRSTiH samutpatitatejAH / bhavati hi pApaM kRtvA svakarmasantrAsitaH puruSaH / / AyAti skhalitaiH pAdairmukhavaivarNyasaMyutaH / lalATasvebhAgbhUri gadgadaM bhASate vacaH // adho dRSTirvadet kRtvA pApaM sabhAM naraH / tasmAdyatnAtparizeyazcitairatairvicakSaNaiH // (paMcataMtrase) pApa karma karane ke pazcAt apane karmase saMtrAsita mAnavakA svara badala jAtA, mukhakA raMga phIkA paDa jAtA, netra bhayabhIta aura teja naSTa ho jAtA hai| vaha nyAyAdhIzake sAmane lAyA jAnepara laDakhaDAte pairoMse mAtA hai, mukhakA raMga uDA humA hotA hai, mastakapara pasInA bAra bAra TapakatA hai aura aspaSTa adhUrI bAteM kahatA hai ! AkRtise ghabaDAhaTa TapakatI hai, daSTi nIcI rakhatA hai / kuzala loga ina lakSaNoM se aparAdhIko yatnapUrvaka pahacAneM / prasannavadano hRSTaH spaSTavAkyaH saropaTaka / sabhAyAM vakti sAmarSa sAvaSTambho naraH zuciH // apane caritra ke sAtha satyakA sahArA rakhanevAlA niSpApa manuSya nyAyA. laya ke sAmane prasannavadana harSita hokara spaSTa bAteM kahatA hai, usake netroM meM Page #547 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 520 aagaadd'i use pakaDakara lAne vAloM ke liye roSa aura sthiratA hotI hai vaha dhairya tathA amarSase uttara detA hai / niSpApa manupya ina lakSaNoMse pahacAnA jAtA hai| pAThAntara- AkArasaMvaraNaM akaraNAvAco rAjapuruSebhyo nirtya rakSet / masaMgata pATha hai| (prajA tathA rASTra ke dhana ko coroM tathA rAja karmacAriyoM se bacAo) corarAjapuruSebhyo vittaM rakSet // 556 // rAjA loga coroM tathA rAjyapuruSoM (rAjakarmacAriyoM) se janatAkA dhana bacAte rahe / vivaraNa- cora tathA rAjakarmacArI donoM hI arthalobhI hote haiM / cora jo kAma corIse karate haiM rAjakarmacArI vahI kAma apane mAkheTapara rAja. zaktikA anucita avaidha prabhAva DAla kara karate haiN| manovRtti donoM kI eka sI hai / donoM adhikArahIna anucita DhaMgase dUsaroM ke jIvana-sAdhana chIna lenA cAhate haiN| (prajAse na milanavAle rAjA prajAke vinAzaka ) durdarzanA hi rAjAnaH prajA nAzayanti // 557 // apanI nIti-hInatAse durdarzana arthAt prajAko kabhI darzana na dene arthAt apane kAnoMse prajAke sukhaduHkha na sunanevAle rAjA loga prajAkA prema pAne, usakA hita socane yA zAsanako loka priya banAne meM asamartha hokara prajAkA vinAza karane vAle bana jAte haiN| vivaraNa- rAjakarmacAriyoM para nirbharazIla hokara prajAse sAkSAt na milanevAle rAjA loga svayaM avaidha rUpase rAjabhoga karane ke kAraNa prajAkI kaSTagAdhA na sunanevAle avaidha rUpase dhanopArjana karane vAle rAjya karmacAri. Page #548 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ nyAyI rAjAke prati prajAkI bhAvanA yoMke adhIna hokara prajAko rAjakarmacAriyoM kI bhAMti-bhAMtikI lUTa kA mAmbeTa banA dete haiM / aise rAjA loga prajAmeM duHkha aura kSobha paidA karanevAle banakara apane samasta rASTrakA nAza kara baiThate haiM / pAThAntara- ... ... ... ... vinAzayanti / (prajAraMjanakA upAya ) sudarzanA hi rAjAnaH prajA raMjayanti // 558 // lokapriya yA prajAko sukaratAse darzana dete rahanevAle rAjA loga apanI prajAko sakho aura prasanna rakhane meM prayatnazIla rahate haiN| vivaraNa- guNa, gaurava, zaurya, prajJA, tathA dayAse bhUSita saumyamUrti rAjA loga kara dekara rAjya saMsthAko pAlanevAlI prajAko sukhasamRddhi se saMpanna banAkara rakhanI apanA kartavya mAnate aura nyAyArthI prajAko sukaratAse darzana milane kI vyavasthA rakhate haiN| jaba rAjA loka prajAko sneha, kyA, abhayadAna tathA darzanoMse anugRhIta karate rahate haiM taba hI prajA unake prati anurakta aura sukhI rahatI hai / (nyAyI rAjAke prati prajAkI bhAvanA ) nyAyayuktaM rAjAnaM mAtaraM manyante prajAH // 559 // prajA nyAyI rAjAko mAtRtulya mAnA karatI hai| vivaraNa- kara dekara rAjakoSako sampanna banAnevAlI prajA, nItipUrNa, nyAyaparAyaNa rAjAko mAtAke samAna hitaiSI mAnane lagatI aura use sampanna rakhanA apane mAtRpAlana jaisA pavitra kartavya mAnA karatI hai| prajAko aise nItiparAyaNa rAjAko kara dete samaya harSa hotA hai / aise rAjAkI prajA nAtmakalyANakI bhAvanAse utsAhita hokara usake rAjyakoSako bharane meM kartavya-pAlanakA saMtoSa tathA gaurava anubhava kiyA karatI hai / mAtApitA Page #549 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi to manuSyako kevala janma hI dete haiM parantu kartavyaparAyaNa rAjA loga to apanI prajAko zikSA, rakSA, bharaNa-poSaNoMse apane aurasa putroMke samAna pAlakara prajAke sacce mAtApitA bana jAte haiM / jabataka rAjAprajAmeM paraspara santAna tathA mAtApitAkAsA madhura saMbandha sthApita nahIM hotA tabataka prajAkA sukhI honA aura rAjyakA surakSita rahanA donoM hI asaMbhava hai| yadi rAjAne prajAkA mAtAkAsA prema prApta nahIM kiyA, yadi vaha mAtAkAsA vizvAsabhAjana nahIM bana sakA to usake rAjyako eka prakArakA lUTakA ThekA hI jAnanA caahiye| pAThAntara- nyAyavartinaM rAjAnaM mAtaramiva manyanta prajAH / (nyAyI rAjAkA lAbha ) tAdRzaH sa rAjA iha sukhaM tataH svargamApnoti // 560 // nyAyayukta, svadharmarata, prajA-pAlana-tatpara, lokapriya rAjA vartamAna tathA bhaviSyat donoM kAloMmeM sukha pAtA tathA prajAke zubhAzIrvAdoMkA pAtra banA raha kara AtmaprasAda rUpI svarga pAtA hai| sve sve karmaNyabhirataH saMsiddhi labhate naraH / manuSya apane apane kartavyapAlanameM dIkSita rahakara hI siddhi pAte haiM / pAThAntara-- svadharmAnuSThAnAdeva sukhamavApyate svargamavApnoti / rAjAko rAjadharma pAlanase sukha aura svarga prApta ho jAtA hai| (rAjAkA kartavya / ( adhika sUtra ) corAMzca kaNTakAMzca satataM vinAzayet / rAjA coroM tathA rASTrakaNTakoMko sadA naSTa karatA rahe / vivaraNa- rAjA, coroM tathA dUsaroMkA aniSTa karanevAle una saba logoM ko jo prajAko gupta upAyoMse lUTalUTakara kAnUnakI pakaDameM na Akara Page #550 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ rAjAkA kartavya 523 kaSTa pahu~cAte rahate haiM, unheM apane kauzala aura balase sadA naSTa karatA rhe| rAjA gupta rUpase logoM ke dasyu-kaSToM tathA rAjyakIya logoMke rAjazaktike davAvase kiye hue guma utpIDanoM ko jAne aura unakA pratikAra kreN| _cANakya kahanA cAhate haiM ki rASTra meM pratyakSa tathA apratyakSa do prakArake cora hote haiM / jisakA jo adhikAra nahIM usakA use lete rahanA yA lenekA udyoga karanA corI hai| manadhikAra bhoga tathA anadhikAra bhogakI icchA ho corI hai| kAnUna kI pakaDameM bhA jAnevAle cora 'pratyakSa cora ' kahAte haiM / kAnUnakI pakaDameM na mAnevAle cora ' apratyakSa cora' hote haiM / cora gaThakareM, jebakaTe, rAhagIra, DAkU, ucakke, juArI, uskocajIvI, rAjakarmacArI Adi pratyakSa coroMkI zreNI meM mAte haiN| anucita lAbha lenevAle vyApArI, rogIkA artha zoSaNa karanevAle vaidya, DAkTara, hakIma, vakkaloM ke zoSaka tathA anyAyI adAlatoMke samarthaka vakIla, maMtrI Adi rAjya ke saMcAlaka, rASTrako nirdhana banAkara aparimita vetana-bhatte Adi DakAra jAnevAle zAsaka, saccA dharmapracAra na karanevAle dharmopadezaka, dezake yuvakoM ko sacco zikSA na denevAlI, pratyuta unakA naitika patana karane. vAlI zikSAsaMsthAyeM, adhyApaka, AcArya, prophesara, prinsipala, rAjanItise alaga rahakara bhIru, nivIya, vandhyA, nisteja dharmakI duhAI dene phiranevAle dharmadhvajI santa, mahAtmA, maharSi rAjarSi, kathAvAcaka, vyAkhyAtA tathA granthalekhaka kuzAsanakA virodha karanese Darane katarAne aura isIliye dUSita rAjyasaMsthAse avirodhakI nIti apanAnevAle patrakAra, netA, vyavasthApikA, sabhAmoM ke sadasya, dhArmika, sAhityika, mAdhyAsmika saMsthAyeM vidvatsabhArya tathA prajAko nyAya na dekara nyAya becanevAle nyAyAlaya ye sabake saba kAnanakI pakaDa meM na AnevAle rASTrake apratyakSa cora haiM / ye loga pratyakSa coroMse adhika hAnikAraka haiM / ye loga kAnUnako pahu~case bAharavAle durgAmeM mura. kSita baiThakara prajAkA dhana apaharaNa karate haiN| inake atirikta samAjake patanase jIvikA calAnevAle laoNTarI, pahelI ghuDadoDa Adi aneka rUpoM meM Page #551 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi apanI corI chipAye phiranevAle loga bhI apratyakSa coroMkI zreNI meM Ate haiM / pratyakSa cora to dekhatA hai ki maiM daNDavidhAna ke adhIna hU~ isaliye vaha to daNDa se bacakara corI karatA hai / parantu kisIkI pratyakSa corI na karanevAle apratyakSa cora vyavahAra-vinimaya ke nAmase vyApAra-lena--lena-dena Adi samparkaumeM Akara logoMse anucita arthazoSaNakA avasara pA jAte yA logoM kI sevA ke nAmase unase avaidha artha-saMgraha karate rahate haiM / ye saba loga rASTrake bhayaMkara cora haiN| zatrurASTrako dezakA bheda denevAle svarASTradrohI tathA para rASTrapremI loga rASTrakaNTaka kahAte haiM / I 504 ina kisIko bhI dezakI hAni na karane denA rAjyasaMsthAkA gaMbhIra uttaradAyitva hai / 'svadharmAnuSThAnAdeva sukhamavApyate svargamApnoti / 3 " rAjA loga rASTra-rakSA nAmaka svadharmako pA leM to vartamAna tathA bhaviSyat donoM kAloM meM sukha pA sakate haiM / ( dharmakA lakSaNa ) ahiMsAlakSaNo dharmaH // 561 // dharmakA lakSaNa ahiMsA hai } vivaraNa - ahiMsA zArIrika vyApAra nahIM hai| ahiMsA to mAnasa vyApAra hai / apane manako kAma, krodha Adi mAnasika doSoM, nirbalatAoM yA hiMsAloMke AkramaNase surakSita rakhanArUpI ahiMsA hI manuSyakA svadharma haiM aura yahI usakI satyaniSThA bhI hai| parapIDana hI ahiMsAko paribhASA hai / jo dUsarekA pIDana karake Atmasukha cAhatA hai vaha sukhako hI nahIM samajhatA / vaha mUDha apane sukhako samAjake sukhakA virodhI banA letA hai / samAjakI sukha-zAntikI AdhArazilA to manuSyatAkA surakSita rahanA hI hai / jo samAjako duHkhI karake sukha cAhatA hai vaha apanI manuSyatAkA hanana Page #552 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ satpuruSakA lakSaNa 525 kiye binA apanA abhISTa sukha kabhI nahIM pA sktaa| yaha socane kI bAta hai ki manuSyatAke hanana aura sukhakA paraspara kyA sambandha hai ? apanI manuSyatAkA hanana karanA hI hiMsA hai| apanI manuSyatAko anAhata rakhanA hI mAhisA hai| manuSyatA hI manuSyakA svadharma hai| parapIDana se bacanA isa bAtakA pramANa hai ki yaha manuSya apanI manuSyatAko surakSita rakhakara svadharmaniSTha jIvana vyatIta kara rahA hai / rASTra meM manuSyatAnAmaka dharmako supratiSThita rakhanA rAjyasaMsthAkA mukhya uttaradAyitva hai| yadi rAjyasaMsthA apanI nItimeM manuSyatAkA saMrakSaNa kara rahI ho to rASTra usakI dekhAdekhI manuSyatAkA saMrakSaNa karanevAlI rAjya saMsthA banAnevAlA bana jAtA hai aura ahiMsArUpI dharmako pAlane lagatA hai / isase rASTra meM rASTranirmANakI paramparA surakSita ho jAtI hai| yadi rAjyasaMsthA apanI nItimeM manuSyatAkA saMrakSaNa nahIM karatI to rASTra usakI dekhAdakhI manuSyatAghAtI rAjyasaMsthAko janmAne tathA pAlanevAlA banakara hiMsaka bana jAtA hai| hiMsAse rASTrameM rASTradrohakI paramparA baha nikalatI hai| hiMsAkA artha apanI hiMsA aura ahiMsAkA artha apano ahiMsA hai| hiMsA ahiMsA donoM paradharma na hokara donoM Atmadharma haiN| (satpuruSakA lakSaNa ) svazarIramapi parazarIraM manyate sAdhuH // 562 // satpuruSa apane zarIrako bhI dUsaroMkA zarIra mAnatA hai| vivaraNa- vaha dUsaroM ko bhI yaha adhikAra diye rahatA hai ki ve usake zarIra se ucita sevA lete rheN| (adhika sUtra ) svazarIra (mapi) miva parazarIraM manyate saadhuH| sAdhu dUsarake zarIrako apane zarIra jaisA hI manuSyatAkA pratinidhi mAnatA hai| Page #553 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi vivaraNa - use jaise apanI manuSyatApara AkramaNa honA nahIM rucatA, isI prakAra use dUsarekI manuSyatApara AkramaNa honA bhI sahya nahIM hotA / sAdhu manuSya dUsare se apane liye jisa vyavahArakI AzA karatA hai dUsaroMko bhI apane se vaisA vyavahAra pAnekI AzA karane detA hai / isIko 'nyAyabuddhi' kahate haiM / nyAyabuddhi hI manuSyakI manuSyatA hai / mAnavadeha dhAraNa karake manuSyatAkA premI honA hI 'sAdhukha ' hai / manuSya apanI manuSyatAko tilAMjali dekara samAjakI zAnti haraNa karanevAlA manuSyatA dveSI asura bana jAtA hai | manuSyasamAjameM apane kartavyakSetra meM jahA~ kahIM AsurikatA dIkhe, usakA virodha karake usameM manuSyatArUpI zAntiko surakSita rakhanA hI 'sAdhutA ' hai / 526 jisa samAja meM guNI logoMkA nirAdara tathA guNoMke zatruoMkA sammAna hotA hai usa patita samAjakI rAjazakti patitoMke hAthoMmeM jA cukI hotI haiM / samAjakI patitAvasthA isa bAtakA pUrNa pramANa hai ki rAjazakti asu ke hAthoM meM hai aura vaha samAjakA naitika utthAna roka rahI hai, guNiyoM ke astitvako na sahakara unheM miTA rahI hai aura samAjake naitika utthAnakI zatru banakara prajAko anaitika banA rahI hai / aise samAja meM guNI, jJAnI, samAjahitaiSI logoMkA saMgaThana na honA rAjazaktike samAjadrohI SaDyantroMkA paricAyaka hai / aise rASTrIya saMkaTa ke samaya meM sacce guNI samAjasevakoM ko ke sAtha saMgaThita honekA prayatna karanA atyAvazyaka hai / samAjakI patitAvasthA meM hI sevakoMkI AvazyakatA hotI hai| sacce guNiyoM kA isa kartavyabuddhise rahita honA samAjakA durbhAgya hai / isa durbhAgya kA ekamAtra kAraNa samAjake vijJa logoMkA AtmazaktimeM avizvAsa tathA kapaTa AdhyAtmikatAse milanevAlI kAlpanika zAntikA moha hai / ye loga naika nAmakI alIka sthitiko apanAkara kartavyabhraSTa hokara kalpanA ke svarga meM AtmapravaMcanA karate rahate haiM / vAstavikatAko samajhanevAle atyalpasaMkhyaka sacce guNiyoMkI kartavyaniSThApara hI usa samaya ke samAjake utthAnakA Page #554 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ satpuSakA lakSaNa 527 uttaradAyitva samarpita rahatA hai / ve loga apane akkAMta parizramase samAjako bhAsurika prabhAvase mukta karanevAle hote haiM / asura vinAzikA saccI zaktiko jAgrata karanevAlI lokazikSAko prabandha inhIM logoMkI bhorase cAlU rahakara bhAvI santAnako jJAnAloka dekara navIna rASTrakA nirmANa kiyA karatA hai| mUDha loga sammAnAI logoM kA sarvatra nirAdara karate haiM / mUDhoMkI mUDhatAkA yahI svarUpa hai ki ve AsapAsa meM apane jaise mUDhoMko hI dekhanA cAhate haiN| ve apane AsapAsameM apane jaise mUDhoMko dekhakara yaha yAtmasaMtoSa kamA lenA cAhate haiM ki yaha saMsAra mUDhokA hI sthAna hai| jaise ulakako prakAza svarUpa sUryakA dekhanA sahana nahIM hotA, isI prakAra mUDhoM ko apane se Adhika yogya vyakti sahana nahIM hotA / ve apanI isa manovRtti se samAjake buddhi . mAna sadasyoMko apamAnita karake apaneko hI samAjake zreSThAsanakA adhi. kArI pramANita karanekI sRSTatA karake jhUThA mAsmasaMtoSa pA lenA cAhate haiN| ve nahIM samajhate ki samAjake yogya logoMkA sammAna karanA to apane hI ko yogya pramANita karanA hotA hai| guNI loga hI guNagrAhI hote haiM / nirguNa, adhama loga gaNoM kA nirAdara karake hI to apanI adhamatAko prakaTa karate haiN| sAdhupuruSa apane zarIrako apane samAjakI sevAke kAmameM mAneke liye milA huA sevopakaraNa mAnate haiM / sAdhu loga apane dehako bhI apanA na mAnakara use satyako sevAkA sAdhana mAnate haiN| aura samAja ke anya vyaktiyokI manuSyatAko apanI manuSyatA jaisA hI senya mAnate haiN| manuSyasamAjake pratyeka vyaktikI kalyANakAmanA karanevAlA satyaniSTha sAdhupuruSa satyakI sevAmeM AtmasamarpaNa karake rahatA hai aura apane dehako sampUrNa manuSyasamAjake adhikArameM sauMpa detA hai| vaha apane dedako apane samAjakI punIta dharoharake rUpameM dekhatA hai| sarvabhUtAtmadarzI sabake sAtha Izvarabuddhise vyavahAra tathA sarvatra Izvarabuddhise viharaNa karanevAlA jJAnasampala manuSya apane samAjake sAtha apane Page #555 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 528 cANakyasUtrANi parAye daihika bhedoM ko to uThAkara bAlepara rakha detA hai aura samAjake mAhita ko apanA hI mAhita tathA dUsaroMpara hue anyAyoM ko apane hI Upara huA anyAya mAnakara unakA pratikAra karane meM dattacitta ho jAtA hai| usakA samasta jIvana usake vyAvahArika adhyAtmakI prayogazAlA bana jAtA hai / sacce sAdhuokA anyAvahArika adhyAtmase koI sambandha nahIM hotaa| (rAjanaitika ThagoMkA mAnanIyoMko nIcA dikhAnA) ( adhika sUtra ) sarvatra mAnyaM bhraMzayati baalishH| mUDha loga sarvatra ( saba sthAnoM tathA saba kAmoM meM ) sammAnArha logoMkA mahatva chInanA cAhA karate hai| vivaraNa- mUDha loga nahIM samajhate ki hamArI kipta bAtase kisakA kyA apamAna ho jAtA hai ? ve to jaise svayaM nIca hote haiM, vaise hI sammAnArha vyaktiko bhI apane jaisA nIca siddha karanA cAhate haiN| ve jaise apanI manuSyatAkI avajJA karate haiM vaise hI satpuruSoMkI manuSyatAkI bhI karate haiM / ve kisIkI avajJAko bhI aparAdha nahIM samajhate / nIti ke anusAra to sacce manuSyakA kartavya hai ki vaha coroM ko daNDa de, zaThoMko zaThatAse vyartha kare, zreSThoM kA mAna kare tathA donoMko dAna de| (nindita AhAra ) mAMsabhakSaNamayuktaM sarveSAm / / 563 / / mAMsa manuSyakA AhAra banane yogya padArtha nahIM hai| vivaraNa- manuSyakI sAdhAraNa buddhi khAdya akhAdyakA vicAra karate samaya vAnaspatika yA prANija do bhinna bhinna prakArake padArthoM meM zreSTha yA grAhyaagrAhyakA vicAra karatI hai| prakRtine anna, zAka, phala, kaMda, mUla Adi vAnaspatika AhArako hI manuSya ke svAbhAvika AhArake rUpame nirdiSTa kiyA hai / isaliye vahI usake svAbhAvika khAdya ke rUpa meM grahaNa karane yogya hai / Page #556 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ nindita AhAra 529 vAnaspatika khAdyasaMgraha karane meM hatyA jaise asvAbhAvika kara ghinaune ghRNya (ghinaune ) upAyoMkA avalambana karanekI AvazyakatA nahIM pdd'tii| isake viparIta prANija mAhAra prApta karane meM apane bhojya prANIkA prANaharaNa karanA par3atA hai| prANaharaNake liye hRdayavidAraka asvAbhAvika upAyokA avalambana karanA paDatA hai| isa kAraNa prANija AhAra prApta karanA mAnava. svabhAvake viparIta sthiti hai| prANija mAhAra mAnavake dayAlu svabhAvakI hatyA kiye binA prApta hI nahIM ho sakatA / jIvitaM yaH svayaM cecchet kathaM so'nyaM praghAtayet / yadayadAtmani cecchet tatparasyApi cinyayet // jo manuSya svayaM jInA cAhe vaha kisI dUsare ko kaise mAre 1 vaha apanI anubhUtiko sabameM phailAkara kyoM na dekhe ? manuSya jo apane liye cAhe vaha dUsareke liye bhI soce| svacchandavanajAtena zAkenApi prapUryate / asya dagdhodarasyAthai kaH kuryAt pAtakaM mahat // manuSya kA jo kSudra peTa vanameM svacchanda upaje sAga-pAtase bhI bhara jAtA hai, usake liye kauna buddhimAn dUsare prANiyoM ke prANaharaNakA pApa mola le / vAnaspatika bhojanakI svAsthyapradatA spaSTa dekhI jA sakatI hai / prANIke zarIroMke roga A~khoMse dekhanese nahIM jAne jA sakate / aisI avasthAmeM prANika mAhAra karanese rogI prANIke rogoM ko bhI apane darameM jAne denA aura pAkasthalIko rogagrasta banA DAlanA buddhimattA nahIM hai| isa prakAra svAsthya tathA ruci donoM hI dRSTiyose jarAyuja tathA aNDaja bhojana bAna. spatika bhojanoMse nikRSTa hai| yadi manuSya prANija bhojana tyAga degA to vaha kSatigrasta na hokara lAbhavAn rhegaa| AmiSa bhojana rogakAraka mAyunAzaka tathA upadravakArI hai / nirAmiSa bhojana nairogyakArI mAyuvardhaka tathA nirupadrava bhojana hai| 34 (cANakya.) Page #557 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 530 cANakyasUtrANi sRSTivyavasthAne jina prANiyoM ko svabhAvase mAMsabhojI banAyA hai, ve ghuTa bharakara pAnI nahIM pI sakate kintu jIbhase cATacATakara pIte haiM / pasInA mAMsabhojiyoM ke samasta zarIra para na lAkara jihvAke agrabhAgase lArake rUpa meM TapakA karatA hai, mukha meM khAdya cAbanevAlI dADhe na hokara mAMsa kATane ke tIkSNa kIleM hote haiM / ityAdi aneka cihna svabhAvase sAmiya bhojiyoM meM hI pAye jAte haiM / isase prakaTa hai ki prakRtimAtA mAnavako mAMsabhojI dekhanA nahIM caahtii| mokSa (caturtha puruSArtha) kA pratipAdana [ graMthakAra yahA~se Age apane pAThakoMmeM tatvajJAnamayI buddhi yA mokSarUpa caturtha puruSArthaka samunmeSapara vizeSa bala lagA rahe haiM / / (jJAnIke liye saMsArameM duHkha nahIM hai ) na saMsArabhayaM jJAnavatAm // 564 // zAnI vyaktiyoMko saMsArameM duHkha-bhaya nahIM rhtaa| vivaraNa- jJAna svayaM hI sukharUpa tathA bhItihIna sthiti hai / ajJAna hI duHkha tathA bhayasvarUpa hai / saMsAramai jJAnIkA duHkhI honA parasparamyAhata avasthA hai| kyoMki duHkhanivRttiko kalA ho to jJAna hai| sukhaduHkhake svarUpoMko na samajhanA ho to ajJAna hai / ajJAnI mAnava duHkhako hI sukha mAnakara duHkhavaraNa kara baiThatA hai / jJAnI sunecchArUpI duHkhakohI duHkha ke rUpameM pahacAnakara use tyAga detA aura nikAmanAsakta rahakara kartavya. pAla nave saMtoparUpI akhaMDa sukhakA adhikArI banatA hai| bhogAsata jIvana tyAga dene vAle saMsAra ke mUla kAraNa apane svarUpa ke jJAtA jJAnI vyaktiko saMsArabandhana meM baMdha jAne kA bhaya nahIM rahatA / isAlaya nahIM rahatA ki use dehageha mAdi meM adabhAva yA mamabhAva zeSa nahIM rahatA ! ahaMbhAva aura mama. bhAva hI bhayakA kAraNa hotA hai| hAimama bhAva zeSa na rahane se jJAnIko kisI bAtakA bhaya nahIM rhtaa| "adharottaramastu jagat kA hAnirvItarA. gasya" saMpara cAhe ulaTapulaTa ho jAya vItarAgakA kyA bigaDatA hai ? Page #558 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zAnadIpakase saMsArAndhakArakA vinAza 531 jJAnI nityamukta aura sarva mukta hai| vaha sarvamukta rahakara hI jAgatika vyavahAra karatA hai / saMsArake padArthoM meM na ulajhanA hI usakI mukti hai aura yahI usakI jJAnayI sthiti bhI hai / phalAkAMkSA hI ulajhana yA Asakti hai / apanI phalAkAMkSA pUrI hotI na dIkhe to kartavya tyAga denA arthAt bhakartavya karanA rUpI bhAsakti hai / jJAnI mAnava phalAkAMkSAse rahita zubha karmakI prerikA zubha bhAvanAse svayaM kRtakRtya rahakara hI karma kiyA karatA hai| vaha akRtakRtya, akRtArtha, phalalobhI, dIna, dukhiyA hokara kabhI koI kAma nahIM krtaa| vaha apaneko bhautika phalakI bhAzArUpI rassIse kabhI nahIM baMdhane detA / 'na bibheti kutazcana / ' abhayaM sarvabhUtebhyo datvA yazcarate muniH| na tasya sarvabhUtebhyo bhayamutpadyate kvacit // jo saba bhUtoM ko apanI orase abhayadAna de detA hai use kisIse bhI bhaya nahIM rhtaa| athavA- gyavahArakuzala vicArazIla loga saMsArI ghaTanAmoMpara apane vicAra-balase mAdhipatya pA lete haiN| isa kAraNa mUlko bhayAnaka tathA durUha dIkhanevAlA saMsAra-sAgara unake liye bhayAnaka yA durUha na rahakara gopadake samAna sunasantaraNIya pavitra kartabyakSetra ho jAtA hai / pAThAntara-na saMsArabhayaM jJAninAm / ( jJAnadIpakase saMsArAndhakAra kA vinAza ) vijJAnadIpena saMsArabhayaM nitete // 565 // jJAnI puruSa apane manako brahmAnandarUpI dIpakase Alokita karake rakhatA aura saMsAra vana meM phaMsane se baca jAtA hai| vivaraNa--- vijJAnAnanda jhI miti jAnI haya ko apara kAra mohita kara letI aura use apane se alaga nahIM hone detI : mAnasika 22sna zAnti jJAnI ke adhikAra meM rakhanI / bhautika sukha zAnti ke prAkRtika paristhiti ke Page #559 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 532 cANakyasUtrANi adhIna honeke kAraNa ve manuSyake adhikArase bAhara adhruva haiM, sAdhanoM ke adhIna haiM aura anitya haiM / kartabyakI preraka zubhabhAvanA hI manuSya ke adhiH kArameM rahanevAlA dhruva sukha tathA zAnti hai| (sArA hI saMsAra mRtyukA grAsa) sarvamanityaM bhavati // 566 // sampUrNa bhautika sukha tathA usake samasta sAdhana anitya hai| vivaraNa- jJAnavAn mAnavako apane adeharUpa yA svAnubhUta brahmAna. ndake atirikta jagata ke samasta bhogya padArtha bhanitya aura adhruva dIkhane lagate tathA nisteja aura manAkarSaka bana jAte haiN| usakI dRSTipara satyanArAya. NakA ekAdhikAra ho jAtA hai| phira use satyanArAyaNake atirikta kucha bhI AkarSaka dIkhanA banda ho jAtA hai / vaha apane svarUpameM avasthAnarUpI dhruvazAntiko tyAgakara adhruva bhautika sukhoM ke pIche dhAvana vahIM krtaa| pAThAntara- sarvamanityam / pAThAntara- sarvamanityamadhruvam / sampUrNa bhautika sukha anitya tathA bhadhruva haiM / ( adhika sUtra ) svadehe dehinA matimahatI / yaha arthahIna pATha hai| (dehAsakti mAnavakA ajJAna ) ( adhika sUtra ) svadehe dehinAM mtimhtii| dehadhAriyoMko nijadehameM baDI Asakti hotI hai| vivaraNa- dehAsakta manuSya daihika sukhako hI jIvanakA lakSya banA letA hai| manuSya yaha jAne ki daihika-sukha-sAdhana-saMgraha karanA jIvanakeliye upayogI honepara bhI jIvanakA lakSya nahIM hai| isaliye nahIM haiM ki yadi daihika-sukha-sAdhana-saMgraha karanAmAtra jIvanakA lakSya ho, to batA. Page #560 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dehAsakti mAnavakA ajJAna iye manuSya dUsaroMse chInA-jhapaTI karake bhojana, vastra tathA vilAsa - sAmagrI kyoM na ekatrita kara ke 1 yadi daihika sukha-sAdhana-saMgrahako vyaktigata yA rASTrIya jIvanakA lakSya bana jAne diyA jAyagA, to samAjameM chInA-jhapaTI Adi avaidha upAyoMse bhojana, vastra tathA vikAsa - sAmagrI saMgraha karane kI pravRtti ucchRMkhala hokara sAmAjika jIvanakI nIMvataka hilA DAlegI | manuSyasamAjako manuSyatArUpI jIvanake Adarzako na bhUlane denA vicArazIla samAjasevakoM kA mukhya kartavya hai / parantu isa mUDhatAkA kyA kiyA jAya ki manuSya samAjake vicArazIla gine jAnevAle loga bhI vyaktitva ke aMdhAnugAmI banakara sAmyavAda samAjavAda Adi pAzcAtyocchiSTa nArmose janatA meM daihika - sukha-svacchandatA ke sArvajanika samAnAdhikAra tathA bhautika dhanasaMpatke samAna vibhAjanakI kalpanAkA pracAra karanekI bhrAnti karate haiM / ina logoM ke ina vicArahIna pracAroMne daihika sukhoMko hI mAnava-jIvanakA lakSya manavA DAlA hai | ina bhadra kogoMke pracArakA duSpariNAma yaha huA hai ki dhanasaMpatake upArjanameM satyAnumodita sadupAyakA jo mahatvapUrNa sthAna calA A rahA thA, vaha usase china gayA hai aura Ajake mAnavako jisa kisI prakAra dhanopArjana karanekI chUTa de dI gaI hai / 533 samAjake vicArazIla gine jAnevAle ina ujjvalaveSI bhava logoMne isa bAtapara vicAra hI nahIM kiyA ki bhautika sukha bhogoM meM santoSa nAmakI aisI koI vastu nahIM hai, jisake liye pratyeka manuSya mArA mArA phiratA hai / manuSyako Upara hI Uparase dekhane meM mIThI laganevAlI vAsanAbhikI isa bhayaMkaratAko pahacAna jAnA cAhiye ki usameM samagra jagat ke bhogya padArthoMkI Ahuti de denepara bhI manuSyakI bhogAmi nahIM bujhatI yA bhogAbhilASAkA peTa nahIM bharatA / mogAdmike pIche apane rASTrako bhaTakAnA yA bhaTakane denA bhrAnta Adarza hai / logoM ke sAmane isa bhrAnta Adarzako rakha denekA pariNAma yahI huA hai ki deharakSA ke liye satyAnumodita upArjana Avazyaka nahIM raha gayA hai jo rahanA cAhiye thA aura jisase samAja meM zAntikA sunizcita 1 Page #561 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 534 cANakyasUtrANi vAsa honA thaa| pAThaka soceM ki deharakSA ke liye lasyAnumodita upArjanako mAvazyaka na rakhane ke mamanuSyocita Adarzane manuSya satyasvarUpI jIvanalakSyako logoM kI kalpanAme se hI nikAla bAhara kiyA hai / manuSyako jAnanA cAhiye ki satya hI usake hRdaya kI saMtoSarUpI vaha sampatti hai jisapara pratyeka mAnavakA samAnAdhikAra hai aura jo usake pAsa apane kartavya pAlana ke saMtoSa ke rUpa meM rahanA hI cAhiye / bhautika dhanasaMpatapara mAnavakA samAnAdhikAra kabhI bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| manuSya deha nahIM hai phira bhI vaha bha raneko deha mAnatA hai / vaha apaneko kAlA gorA amukakA putrAdi mAnatA hai, jaba ki bhadeha vizvavyApI amara sanAtana satya abhisA hai| usakI dehAtmabuddhi usako baDI hAni karatI hai| vaha jo apane ko deha samajha baiThA hai, usIke kAraNa usakA sArA kartavyazAstra bigar3a gayA hai / usakI dehAtmabuddhi ke usako satyarUpI sArva. janika saMpattise vaMcita karaDAlA hai aura use dIna, dukhiyA, kaMgAla, bhikhArI tathA bhogAkAMkSAkA, kItadAsa banAkara use manuSyasamAjakA AkheTaka ( zikArI) banA DAlA hai ! bhogavAdI saMskAra nahIM jAtanA ki usane saMsArakI kitanI baDI hAni kI hai ? isa bhogavAdI saMsArane manuSyako samAjake satyasvarUpa sArvajanika sukha ke samAnAdhikArase vaMrita kara DAlA hai aura use apane vyaktigata suna ke liye logoM ke gale kATane se na bacanevAlA samAja-kalyANa-vidvepI narakAsura banA DAlA hai / bhogavAdo jaDa saMpArane paraspara ko lUTa lUTa kara khAne kA jaghanya Adarza apanA liyA hai| dehAsakta bhavicArazIla mUDha prANIke pAsa deha-rakSA yA peTa-pUjAkI hI ekamAtra buddhi rahatI hai / dehAsaktakI samasta buddhi kevala peTa pAlanake kAma AtI hai / usake pAsa peTa aura bhogase alaga koI samasyA nahIM rhtii| vaha jisa samAjake mUka sahayogase jIvanasAdhana pA rahA hai, jipa samAjakI bhASAmeM soca aura bola rahA hai, jisakI sahanazIlatAse sukhapUrvaka jIvana bitA rahA hai, use bhUlakara usake utthAnameM koI yoga na dekara, dinarAta Page #562 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zarIra usakA eka sAdhana 535 peTa-pAlana aura indriya lAlanakI vidyAmeM lagA rahatA hai aura samAjavirodhI kArya karane meM dhRNA nahIM krtaa| usake samasta guNa deha-rakSAmeM hI vyaya hote rahate haiN| pAThaka soce ki deha-rakSA to paza, pakSI, kITa, pataMga, kIDe, makoDe taka sabakI ho hI rahI hai / utanA hI yadi manuSya bhI kara rahA hai to usameM isakI apazusulabha mAnavIya pratibhAkA kyA upayoga hulA ? mAnavIya pratibhAkA upayoga to usa vizvavyApIkA dehAtIta satyamayI avasthAkA divya bhAnanda prApta kara lene meM hai jisakA mAnanda manuSyetara koI bhI prANI kadApi nahIM le sktaa| bhojanAcchAdane cintA pravalA prAkRte jane / sAdhAraNa mAnava peTa pAlane kI hI cintA rakhatA hai / use mAnasika udAttatA pAne kI kabhI cintA nahIM hotii| zarIra mAnava nahIM vaha usakA eka sAdhana ) kRmizakunmatrabhAjanaM zarIraM punnypaapjnmhetuH||567|| kRmi, viSThA tathA mUtrakA pAtra yaha zarIra puNya yA pApake arjanakA kAraNa banatA hai / vivaraNa- kRmi, viSTA tathA mUtra pAtra zarIra logoMko apanA mohI banAkara unheM puNya pApakA bhAgI banA detA hai| mUDha mAnava zarIrako 'ApA' mAnane ko bhUla karatA hai| kRmi, viSTA tathA mUtrakA bhAjana yaha zarIra manuSya kA svarUpa nahIM hai / usakA yaha pAMca bhautika deha nizcaya hI manuSya nahIM hai / yaha to use jIvana-yAzAke sAdhana ratha ke rUpa meM kucha dinoMke liye tathA kevala isakA sadupayoga karane ke liye milA hai / yaha to usakA yAtrAgRha hai| manuSya apane ajJAna se apane isa yAtrAgRha meM mama. bhAvase Asakta ho gayA hai| usakI yaha dehAsaki hI usakA pApa hai| vaha cAhe to isa dehakA sadupayoga bhI kara sakatA hai / deha meM manuSya kI anA. sakti hI usakA puNya hai| kRmi, viSTA tathA mUtrakA pAtra yaha kSaNabhaMgura deva Page #563 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 536 cANakyasUtrANi dehadhArIko puNya pApameM se kisI ekake sAdhanake rUpameM milA hai| dehadhArIko puNya pApake sAdhanarUpa isa dehakA acchese acchA upayoga karanekI kalAse pUrNa paricaya honA caahiye| pAThAntara- kRmizakRnmUtrabhAjanaM zarIram / zarIra kRmi, viSThA tathA mUtrakA pAtra hai| hInapATha hai / pAThAntara-puNyapApameva jnmhetuH| puNya pApa hI janmake kAraNa haiM / mahatvahIna pATha hai| (duHkhakA svarUpa ) janmamaraNAdiSu duHkhameva / / 568 // janma-maraNa AdiyoMmeM duHkha hI duHkha hai| vivaraNa-janma-maraNake adhIna rahanevAle isa nAzavAna dehako apanA svarUpa samajha baiThane vAlI dehAtmabuddhi rUpI ajJAna hI duHkha hai| dehI janmamaraNa donoMse satIta hai| janmamaraNAtIta dehIko apanA svarUpa samajha jAnA hI duHkhAtIta akhaMra sukhamayI, cirazAMtidAyinI, jJAnamayI, pAvanI sthiti hai / janma, maraNa, roga, zoka, tApa, baMdhana tathA vipattiyoMkI bhrAntimeM phaMse rahane meM duHkha hI duHkha bharA hai| inakI bhrAMtimeM phaMse rahanese hI manuSyako duHkhI banAyA hai / vAstavikatA yaha hai ki manuSyakA dehI na to janmatA hai na maratA hai aura na yaha anya kisI asuvidhA yA vipatti meM phaMsatA hai / deha hI janmatA, maratA tathA anya kaSTa bhogatA hai / dehIko to janmamaraNAdikA dhokA hI dhokA hai / dehI mAnavako apanA yaha majanmA, majara, amara, sanAtana, sakalabhUta sAdhAraNa rUpa pahacAnanA hai| apanA svarUpa jAna denA hI dehIkA jJAna hai / janmane, marane tathA kaSTa bhoganevAle dehameM bhrAntibharI dehAtmabuddhi rakhanA hI usakA ajJAnarUpI duHkha hai aura yahI usakA duHkhameM ibe rahanA bhI hai / dehIke svarUpako na samajhanA hI usakA duHkha bana gayA hai| Page #564 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ duHkha se nistArekA upAya ( duHkha se nistArekA upAya ) tapasA svargamApnoti // 569 // 537 tapase svargakA lAbha hotA hai / 6) vivaraNa - indriyoMke dvArA saMsArako jAnanA jJAna nahIM hai kintu sada sadvicAra - buddhike dvArA saMsArake vAstavika rUpako pahacAna jAnA hI 'vAsta vika jJAna ' hai / saMsArako iMdviyoMke dvArA jAnanA, cAhanA to apaneko na jAnanA hai | AtmavismRti hI to iMdriyajanita saMsAra- jJAna hai / manuSyakA yaha mAyika jagat kSaNika AtmavismRtimAtra hai / isa dRSTise saMsArako indriya bhogya rUpa se jAnanA ajJAna hai / apane svarUpa deddIko pahacAna jAnA hI jJAna hai / jJAnIkA saMpUrNa jIvana-vyavahAra sukhaduHkhAtIta sthiti meM rahakara hotA hai / usakA jIvana-vyavahAra sukhaduHkhAtIta sthitimeM rahane ke kAraNa satyakI sevArUpI tapazcaryA bana jAtA hai / indriyalaulya yA bhogAsakti mAnavake devIkA svabhAva nahIM hai / usakA svabhAva to jitendriyatA aura anAsakti hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki jJAnI samAja meM jitendriya loga pUjate aura ajitendriya sammAnahIna hokara jIvana ke dina niSprabhatA ke sAtha kATate haiM / deha indriyoMkA putalA hai / cakSu, karNa, nAsikA Adi indriya devakI jIvitAvasthA hai / jabataka indriya kAma karatI hai taba taka hI deha jIvita rahatA hai / jJAnI aura ajJAnI donoM hI indriyoMse kAma lete haiM / jitendriya jJAnI indriyoM kA upayoga satyasvarUpa AtmA ke darzana tathA dehakI rakSA ke liye karatA hai / vaha Atmadarzana ke liye hI apane dehakI rakSA bhI karatA hai / isIko indriyoMke Upara dehakI prabhutA bhI kahate haiM aura isIko videhAvasthA bhI kahA jAtA hai / indriyAdhIna yA majitendriya mana to ajJAnakI sthiti hai / jitendriya mana hI manuSyakA svarUpa hai / indriyAdhani mana dehAtmabuddhi meM pha~sa gayA hotA hai / dehAtmabuddhi meM pha~sA huA indri yAdhIna mana mAtmavismRtirUpI ajJAnakI sthiti hai / svataMtra mana jJAna Page #565 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 538 cANakyasUtrANi majJAnameM se kisI ekake nirvAcanako samasyAke upasthita ho jAnepara jJAnako hI apane jIvanakA mArgadarzaka bagA letA hai / vaha satyArtha kartavya pAlanako hI apane jIvanakA dhyeya banA letA hai| usakA zarIra satyakI sevAmeM sama. rpita hocukA hotA hai| usakA zarIra satyakI sevAmeM samarpita hokara jIvana vyApI tapazcaryA kA sAdhana bana jAtA hai| bhoga-nivRtti hI manuSyakA tapo. maya jIvana hai| jIvana bhara kAmakrodhAdi AbhyaMtara ripoMkA damana karate rahanA hI saccI tapasyA hai / manapara indriyoM kI prabhutA na hone dekara indriyoM ke Upara vivekI manakI prabhutAkI sthApanA hI manuSyakI jitendriyatA hai aura yahI usakI indriyadamana nAmakI tapasyA bhI hai / yahI vaha tapasyA hai jisase manuSyako svarga arthAt saccA sukha milatA hai| brAhmaNasya tapo jJAnaM, tapaH kSatrasya rakSaNam / vezyasya tu tapo vArtA tapaH zUdramya sevanam // jJAna hI brAhmaNoM kI tapasyA hai / atyAcAra pIDitoM kI rakSA hI kSatriyakI tapasyA hai| dharmAnukUla vyApArase apanI tathA rASTrakI zrI-vRddhi hI vaizyakI tapasyA hai / mdhii| tapasyA sabako yoga denA hI zUdroMkI tapasyA hai / yaddastara yaddarApa yaddarga yacca duSkaram / sarva tu tapasA sAdhyaM tapo hi duratikramam // saMsAra meM jo kucha dustara, durApa, durga aura duSkara hai vaha saba tapase saMbhava hai / tapa anabhibhavanIya, bhanatikramaNIya, maniSedhya, samodha sthiti hai / ahiMsA satyavacanamAnRzaMsyaM damo'ghRNA / etattapo vidu/rA na zarIrasya zoSaNam // ahiMsA, satya, bhAnRzaMstha, dama, maghRNA mAdi tapasyAke rUpa haiM / zarIra. parizoSaNa tapasyA nahIM hai / gItAmeM tapake tIna bheda Page #566 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ tapovRddhikA sAdhana 539 1 devadvijaguruprAjJapUjanaM zaucamArjavam / brahmacaryamahiMsA ca zArIraM tapa ucyate // anudvegakaraM vAkyaM satyaM priyahitaM ca yat svAdhyAyAbhyasanaM caiva vAGmayaM tapa ucyate // manaHprasAdaH saumyatvaM monamAtmavinigrahaH / bhAvasaMzuddhirityetattapo mAnasamucyate // deva, dvija, guru tathA buddhimAnoMkA pUjana, zauca, RjutA, brahmacaryaM tathA ahiMsA zArIrika ta hai / anudvegakArI satyapriya, ditakArI vANI tathA svAdhyAya karAnevAle sadgranthoMkA abhyAsa vANIkA tapa hai / manakA nairmalya, saumyastra, mauna, Atmavinigraha, bhAvazuddhi yaha mAnama tapa kahAtA hai / pAThAntara- tapasA svargamavApnoti / (tapovRddhikA sAdhana ) kSamAyuktasya tapo vivardhate // 570 // kSamAzIlakI tapovRddhi hotI hai / vivaraNa -- kSamAke arthake viSaya meM saMsArako paryApta bhrama hai| aparAzrIko daNDa na denA hI prAyaH kSamAkA artha bana baiThA hai| yaha jaye samAjavyavasthAkA prabala za hai | isaliye kSamA zabdakA yaha artha kisI bhI prakAra saMbhava nahIM hai / vAstava meM yaha zabda aise prasaMgake liye banA hI nahIM hai / yadi kSamA zabdakA aparAdhIko daNDa na denA rUpI pracalita artha mAna liyA jAya to kSamAzIla bananeke nAmapara aparAdhiyoM ko daNDa deneke liye banAye hue nyAyAlaya banda kara dene paDe | Aiye isa dRSTise kSamA zabdakA artha DhU~Dha --- hameM kSamA zabdakA aisA artha DhU~DhanA paDhegA ki isa samAja meM suvyavasthA rakhaneke liye aparAdhIko adaNDita bhI na rahane deM aura kSamAzIla bhI bane raha sakeM / zatruke prati krodhako kabhI na bhUlanA tathA use usake aparAdhakA badalA bhI dekara choDanA dhamarrakSaka dhArmika logoMkA Page #567 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 540 cANakyasUtrANi matyAjya kartavya hai / aba hameM dhArmikoM kI isa kartavyaniSThAmese kSamAkA saMbhava martha DhUMDhanA hai| bAta yaha hai manuSya, zatru yA aparAdhIke AkramaNakA ucita pratikAra taba hI kara sakatA hai jaba vaha usa mAkramaNako dekhakara uttejita na ho gayA ho| yaha to mAnanA hI paDegA ki manuSya sthira aura zAnta buddhi rahakara zatruke mAkramaNakA jitanA acchA pratikAra kara sakatA hai utanA azAnta hokara nahIM kara sakatA / uttejanA yA bhAkAhaTake avasarapara zatru. vijayarUpI lakSya kI sevAmeM zAnta hRdayase lage rahanA hI kSamA zabdakA mAnanIya artha ho sakatA hai| isa dRSTise aparAdhIko daNDa dene yogya bane rahanA, niraparAdhako adaNDita rakhanA arthAt uttejanAdhIna hokara niraparAdha. para hAtha na choDa vaiThanA hI kSamA hai| uttejanAjanya bhrAntise aparAdhI taka daNDa na pahu~cA sakanA akSamA hai / akSamA pratikAra mUDhatAkA hI nAmAntara hai| yadi aparAdhIko daNDa dene meM pramAda ho jAtA hai to vaha samAjake zatruoMko prabala banAnA ho jAtA hai / manuSya ke vAstavika zatru upahIke bhItara rahanevAle kAmakrodhAdi ripu haiN| kAmakrodhAdi ripuoMke vazameM Akara jisake sAtha jo koI vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai vaha vAstava meM akSamA, uttejanA, pramAda yA mUDhatA hI hotA hai| akSamAkA pariNAma yahI hotA hai ki bAhya zatra adaNDita rahakara saba samaya zatrutAcaraNa karane ke liye svataMtra ho jAte haiN| samAjake zatru taba utpanna hote, palate, protsAhita hote aura vRddhi pAte haiM jana samAja unheM daNDa dene meM pramAda karatA hai / samAjameM sacI kSamAzIlatA na rahanese niraparAdha to daNDa pAne lagate aura aparAdhI adaNDita rahane lagate haiM / aparAdhiyoMke adaNDita raha jAnese samAjake zatru baDha jAte haiN| manuSyake bhAbhyantarika krodhalobhAdi zatru manuSya ke mana meM samAjadroha karanekI bhAvanA utpanna kara dete haiM / samAjadrohI manuSya apane svArthako samAjake sArvajanika kalyANakA ghAtaka banA letA hai| isakA pariNAma yaha Page #568 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ tapasyA sarvakArya sAdhaka hotA hai ki svArthiyoM ke samAjameM kAnUnakI pakaDameM na mAnevAle samAjako lUTanevAle samAjadrohI loga to adaNDita rahakara phUla te phalate haiM aura samAjake zAntipriya logoMpara atyAcArake megha barasane lagate haiN| apane vyaktigata kalyANako samAja ke sArvajanika kalyANameM vilIna kara DAlanevAlI mAnavIya nyAya buddhi hI kSamAzIlatAkA marma hai / kSamAse samAjameM zAnti surakSita rahanI cAhiyena ki vaha naSTa ho jAnI caahiye| zAntirakSAmeM bhrAnti kSamAkA durupayoga hai / kSamA zAntirakSAkA niSedha yA virodha karanevAlI nahIM honI cAhiye / kSamA zabdakA marma samajhane ke liye jAnanA cAhiye ki dUsare ko kSamA karanA yathArtha kSamA nahIM hai / apane doSoM kA mAnamardana hI kSamA hai| kAmakrodhAdi bhAbhyaMtarika doSa, manuSyaka sacce sukhake mAgameM vighna DAlanevAle arthAt usake manapara bhAkramaNa karanevAle sacce zatra haiM / ve manuSya ke kartavyakA mArga bhI bigADate haiM tathA sukhake mArgako bhI naSTa kara DAlate haiM / ina zatruoMpara vijaya dilAnevAlI jitendriyatA hI amA hai aura yahI ekamAtra vaha saphala tapasyA hai jise manuSyako apane jIvanameM apanAnA hai| jitendriya tapasvI nitya sukhakA adhikArI bana jAtA hai| ( tapasyA sarvakArya sAdhaka ) tasmAt sarveSAM kAryasiddhirbhavati // 571 // usa (tapa ) se sabake kAma siddha hote haiN| vivaraNa- jitendriya manuSya apane vyaktigata svArthako samAjake kalyANameM vilIna kara DAlatA hai| vaha apane svArthako samAja-kalyANameM vilIna karake jo kucha karatA hai sabakA saba sasyakI sevA hotA hai| vaha sabakA saba samAja kalyANarUpI tapasyA hI hotA hai| jitendriyatA rAjyazrIko surakSita rakhane tathA usakI mAyuko baDhAne. vAlI tapasyA hai| granthake prAraMbhameM hI ' rAjyasya mUlamindriyajayaH / Page #569 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi indriya vijayako rAjyakA mUla kahA jA cukA hai / rAjAoMke samasta zubha karma jitendriyatA rUpI tapasyAle siddha hote haiM / jivendriya jJAnI rAjA phalAkAMkSAse rahita hokara kartavyabuddhise rAjakAja karatA hai isIliye use bhautika saphalatA mile yA kisI kAraNase na mila pAye vaha sadA hI saphalatAkA saMtoSa pAtA rahatA hai / jitendriya tapasvI rAjA asaphala honA jAmatA hI nahIM / vaha apanI jitendriyatAko ho saMsArakA sarvazreSTha tapa aura tapasyAko hI saMsArakA sarvazreSTha phala mAnatA hai / vaha bAhya saMsArI phalakA dAsa nahIM banatA / isI kAraNa saphalatA usakI celI banakara usake sAmane kiMkarake samAna hAtha bAMdhakara khar3I rahatI hai / saphalatAmeM usake pAsa se TalanekI zakti nahIM rahatI / 542 manuSya yaha jAne ki kartavyapAlanakA santoSa hI kartavya pAlanakA phala hai / parantu yaha eka aisI sacAI hai jise viSaya lolupa ajitendriya pAmara prANI lAkha batAnepara bhI nahIM jAna sakatA / isa satyako to jitendriya manuSya hI jAna sakatA hai| isa saMsAra meM jitendriyatAse U~cA aura kucha bhI nahIM hai / jitendriyatA hI manuSyamAtrakA adhikAra tathA manuSyamAtra ke jIvanakA lakSya hai / saMsArakI sarvazreSTha sAdhanAkI jo antima sthiti hai vahI to jitendriyatA hai / jitendriyatA hI mAnavajIvanakA antima sAdhya hai / jinendriyatA svayaM hI phala hai / vaha kisI phalakA sAdhana nahIM hai jaise phalakA koI phala nahIM hotA isI prakAra jitendriyatAkA isase bhinna aura koI phala nahIM hai / vaha svayaM hI apanA phala haiM / 1 - iti cANakyasUtrANi / cANakya sUtra samApta / Page #570 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pariziSTa prasaMgocita AlocanA cANakya sUtroMkA aitihAsika AdhAra tathA cANakyakI pratibhAko vikasita karanevAlI bhAratIya tathA vaidezika paristhiti___ jaba IsAse pUrva cauthI zatAbdimeM pahale to yUnAna ke rAjA sikandarane tathA usake pazcAt selyUkasane bhArata ke usa samayake dezadrohiyoMkI sahAyatAse mAratapara AkramaNa kiyA thA taba pazcimottara bhAratake kucha dezapremI vIroMne na kevala ina donoM AkrAmakoM ko burI taraha pITa kara bhagAyA thA aura dezadrohiyoM ko miTAyA thaa| pratyuta agaNita khaMDoM meM baMTakara apane apane rAjyoMko apanI apanI bhogecchAmUlaka saMgaThita laTakA kSetra banAkara rakhane. vAle tathA paraspara kalaha karane meM lage hue bhAratIya gaNarAjyoM ko Ajase dugane vistRta hI nahIM kintu susaMgaThita sAmrAjyakA rUpa dekara use saMsAra bhara kI dRSTi meM eka aisA ajeya rASTra banA DAlA thA ki bhaviSya meM zatAbdiyoM taka bhAratapara vaidezika maNakI saMbhAvanA kamalA rahI thii| usa samaya bhAratIya svAbhimAna kI rakSA karane kA sAmrAjakI AdhArazilA pazcimottara bhAratIya vAyA~ka hI hAthoM rakadhI rAi thaa| 216 t. ttara bhAratake dazapremI hIrona saMmA logoMpara bhArata kI vIratA aimI chApa lagA dI thI ki phira kiyA bhI videzI bahuta dika bhAratakI ora lAlaca bharI dRSTi se dene kA sAla nahIM khaayaa| Page #571 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 544 cANakyasUtrANi sikandarakA bhAratapara pAkramaNa devakI bhacintya icchAse bhAratameM jisa Arya sAmrAjyakA janmadAtA bana gayA thA jo sAmrAjya tIsarI pIDhImeM bauddha sAmrAjya ke rUpameM pariNata hokara kucha dina pazcAt chinna bhinna ho gayA thA usa vizAla sAmrAjya ke suyogya samrATa to candragupta maurya ke tathA usa sAmrAjya tathA samrATa donoMke nirmAtA svanAmadhanya mahAmati maharSi cANakya the jo donoM hI pazcimottara bhAratake nivAsI the| cANakya candragupta donoM pazcimo. tara bhAratake nivAsI honese dezapara videzI mAkramaNakI hAniyAM pratyakSa dekhI aura anubhava kii| apanI dezasevAke ina donoMne isa anubhavake bhAdhArapara mApasameM yaha mantavya sthira kiyA ki eka sapake rUpameM susaMgaThita bhArata hI saphalatAse videzI AkramaNa roka sakatA hai| videzI AkramaNakA paMjAbake gagarAjyoMpara jo pratikArAtmaka manovaijJAnika prabhAva paDA vahI prabhAva mAge calakara candragaptake saMyukta bhAratIya siMhAsanakA samrATa bananekA AdhAra banA / paMjAbakI brAhmaNa jAtiyoM meM jo yavanoMke viruddha vidroha humA usakA pUraka netA cANakya hI thaa| cANakya candragupta donoMkI brAhmaNa kSAtra zaktiyoMne bhaminna hRdayase milakara kevala caubIsa varSa meM apanA akhaNDa bhAratIya sAmrAjyakA svapna pUrA karake choddaa|| RSi cANakya samrATa candraguptake takSazilA vizvavidyAlayase garu the / usa samayakI paidezika vipattine ina donoM saMvedanazIla dezapremI vIroM ke manoMmeM rASTrarakSAkA prazna utpanna kiyA thA aura inheM usa mAkramaNakA prati. rodha karaneke liye prastuta kara diyA thA / Arya cANakya samaya samaya para sAmrAjya-nirmANarata candraguptako bhAdarza rAja-caritra-nirmANake jo jo pATha sikhAyA karate the unheM unhoMne usake tathA bhAratake bhAvI rAjAoMke svAdhyAyake liye kauTalya ( kauTilya nahIM) arthazAstra ke nAmase chaH sahastra zloka parimANa granthameM lipibaddha kiyA thaa| yaha bAta unhoMne apane hI zrI mukhase arthazAstra ke antameM kahI hai sarvazAstrANyanukramya prayogamupalabhya c| kauTalyena narendrArthe zAsanasya vidhiH kRtH|| (kauTalIya arthazAstra 2 / 10 / 28) Page #572 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prasaMgocita AlocanA 545 kauTalyane bArhaspatya bhAdi samasta arthazAstroM ko jAnakara unake vyAvahArika prayogoM ko apane tAtkAlika rAjanaitika vyavahAroM meM pratyakSa prayogake dvArA sunizcita satya ke rUpa meM pAkara candragupta rAjAke liye zAsana vidhikA upadeza kiyaa| arthAta kauTalyane isa apane zAstra meM apane rAjanaitika vicAroMkI pUrNatA aura sauSThava ko parAkASThA taka pahu~cA diyA hai / isa anudyamAna tathA vyAkhyAyamAna granthameM anudita tathA vyAkhyAta 571 cANakya sUtra prAyaH usI kauTalIya arthazAstra ke nicoDa haiN| granthakArane ina sUtroMmeM dharma aura rAjanItiko alaga samajhanevAle bhAjake pAThakoM ke sammukha rAja. nItiko dharmase alaga na hone denevAlA apanA dRSTikoNa rakkhA hai aura rASTrakalyANakI dRSTi se dharma tathA rAjanIti saMbandhI vicAroMke parimArjanakA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| ___ manuSyasamAjako Adarza samAja-racanA tathA Adarza caritra-nirmANake pATha dekara use pacco sukha zAntikA mArga dikhAnA hI brAhmaNa cANakya ke Arya jIvana kA ekamAtra uddezya thaa| Arya cANakyako adhyAtmase anu. prANita bhAratIya rAjanIti tathA ArSapratibhAkA samanvita tathA pUrNa vika. lita rUpa kahanA atyukta nahIM hai / unake saMbandhameM yaha bhI atizayokti nahIM hai ki isa prakArakI vyAvahArika buddhi rakhanevAle ulajhana bhare rAjanaitika vyavahAroM meM bhI dharmako surakSita rakhane vAle rAjya saMsthAko laTakA ThekA mAtra na rahane denevAle pratyuta use tapovanakA jagat pAvana rUpa denevAle pratikUla paristhitiyoM se saMgrAma karake una sabapara apane buddhi balase vijaya pA lenevAle cANakya jaise vyakti saMsAra bharake itihAsameM dekhaneko nahIM milate / Arya cANakyane DhAI sahasra varSa pUrva apane jina vibhrATa karmoMse bhAratIya itihAsako suzobhita kiyA hai aura bhArata meM apane jaise lokottara karmakI punaH punaH AvRtti hote rahane kA zAzvata sAdhana prastuta kara denevAlI apanI rAjanaitika pratibhAko koTalIya arthazAstra tathA cANakya sUtroMkA rUpa 35 ( cANakya.) Page #573 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi dekara kevala bhAratako bhAvI pIDhiyoM ko hI nahIM saMsArabharako kitanA anu. gRhIta kiyA hai yaha jo dekhanA cAheM ve isa bhASya meM vistArase dikhAye unake manobhAvoMse bhalI prakAra jAna sakate haiM / anya kArakI lekhanImeM jo oja, teja, dRDhatA, sAhasa, AtmavizvAsa tathA rASTrasudhArakI gaharI lagana hai use dekhanese patA calatA hai ki unake pAsa nyaktigata jIvana nAmakI koI sthiti nahIM thii| unakA jIvana samAjasudhArake liye sarvAtmanA samarpita ho cukA thA / asAdhAraNa pratibhAzAlI sabhrAnta manovaijJAnika aklAnta karmavIra tejasvI, tapasvI, sUkSmadarzI, jJAnAvatAra cANakya paNDitakA nAma bhAratake ghara-gharameM suparicita hai ! yahI kAraNa hai ki jaise bhAratameM kuzala vaidyako dhanvantari kahA jAtA hai isI prakAra gyavahArameM atikuzala vyaktiko cANakya upanAmase vibhUSita kiyA jAtA hai| bhArata hI nahIM pAzcAtya dezoM ke jJAnapipAsu vidvAnoM ne bhI cANakya--pracArita jJAna-sAgaramese ratna-bhaMDAra lekara apane dezoMke rAjanaitika sAhityako samRddha kiyA hai aura isa bhAratIya pratibhAke prati kRtajJatAke sAtha zraddhAMjali arpaNa karanemeM kRpaNatA nahIM kI hai| bhAdarza samAjaracanA tathA Adarza caritranirmANa donoM eka dUsarepara nirbhara karate haiM / inapara eka sAtha samAna bhAvase dhyAna denA atyAvazyaka hai / bhAdarza samAja honepara hI rASTrameM bhAdarza caritra banatA hai aura mAdarza caritra honepara hI mAdarza samAjakI racanA hotI hai| mAdarza samAja hI mAdarza rAjazakti paidA kara sakatA hai| jisa dezameM bhAdarza samAja nahIM hotA vahAM bhAdarza rAjazakti paidA ho hI nahIM sktii| Adarza rAjazaktike binA samAja Adarza samAja banA nahIM raha sktaa| avaidha bhogoMse bace rahanA hI mAnava-jIvanakI vizeSatA hai aura yahI mAnava-jIvanakA Adarza bhI hai / bhAdarza rAjA hI Adarza samAjakA sevaka tathA saMrakSaka ho sakatA hai / mAdarza samAja tathA Adarza rAjA donoM ani. vArya rUpameM eka dusareke pUraka ananya premI tathA zraddhAlu hote haiN| koI bhI patita rAjA mAdarza samAjapara zAsana nahIM kara sktaa| jahAM patita Page #574 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prasaMgocita AlocanA 547 rAjA zAsana kara rahA hai jAna lo ki vahAMkA samAja nizcita rUpase bhAdarza hIna hai aura patita hai| Adarza rAjA apanI pUrI zakti lagAkara samAja meM apavitratAko utpanna hone, ghusane tathA phUlane phalanese roke rahatA hai| mArya cANakya bhAratakA bhAdarza nAgarika tathA bhArata mAtAkA atyanta yazasvI sUpUta thaa| mArya cANakya una vizeSa mAdarza sevaka puruSoM meM se thA jo apane TUTe-phUTe jaise taise raddI rASTrakI sevAke nAmase dina na kATakara rASTrako yathArtha meM jaisA honA cAhiye vaisA banAneke liye anarthaka parizrama karake gaye haiN| Adarza puruSa Adarza rASTa kI divya mUrti kI kalpanA karake sAre rASTrako usIke anusAra DhAlane meM laga jAyA karate haiM / ve deza ko itanI mukhyatA nahIM dete jitanI apane bhAdarzako dete haiM, ve apane bhAdarzako mukhyatA dekara sAre rASTrako usakI icchA bhanicchAse nirapekSa rahakara apane bhAdarbha ke pIche ghasITate le jAte haiM / unakA Adarza rASTra saMsAra meM kabhI mUrtarUpa dhAraNa kara sake yA na kara sake ve to apanI saMpUrNa zakti usIkI sevAmeM lagAte rahate haiN| unakI kalpanAkA Adarza rASTra unakI saMpUrNa sevAzaktiko apanI ora AkRSTa kiye rahatA aura unheM sevAkA santoSa detA rahakara tRpta rakhatA hai| bhArata mAtAke supUta cANakya ke sammukha bhAratake kala hAyamAna bhogamanna samAja tathA rAjA donoMko apane bhAdarzapara mArUDha kara denekA gaMbhIra kartavya upasthita hubhA jo pUrNatayA saphala huA thaa| una dinoM bhAratamAtAke usa eka hI spUtake aklAnta parizramase bhArata parA. bhUta honese baca gayA thaa| ekenApi suputreNa siMhI svapiti nirbhayam / sahaiva dazabhiH putrai ra sahati grdii|| siMhanI apane ma kele putra ke bala aura puruSArtha se jaMgala meM nirbhaya rahatI hai jaba ki gadhIko apane dasoM putroMke sAtha bojha DhonA paDatA hai| bhAratakI usa samayakI nirbala rAjanaitika paristhitine cANakya jaise vicArazIlakI brAhmI pratibhAko tathA usake ziSya candragupta jaise vIrakI Page #575 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 548 cANakyasUtrANi mAtra pratibhAko rAjanaitika tathA sAmAjika donoM karmakSetroM meM utarane ke liye vivaza kara DAlA thaa| usa samayakI dezakI Abhyantara bAhya donoM paristhitiyoMne cANakya jaise vicArazIlakI sarvatomukhI pratibhAko dezake saMkaTameM kAma Ane tathA deza meM svArtha ke sthAnapara manuSyatAke nAmapara kAma karane vAlI zaktiyoMko jhakajhora kara, jagA jagAkara vyAvahArika kSetrameM khaDA karanekA aisA itanA tIvra nimaMtraNa diyA thA jise cANakya jaisA saMvedanA zIla vyakti asvIkAra nahIM kara skaa| dezakI usa samaya kI jisa pari. sthitine cANakyakI nItiko vyavahAra bhUmimeM mAnekA avasara diyA thA usakA pUrA citraNa karane ke liye pazcimake prasiddha mAtatAyI sikandarake caritrakI AlocanA karanA prAsaMgika tathA atyAvazyaka hai| pAzcAtya aitihAsikoM meM se kucha to sikandarako mahAn vizvavijetA tathA kucha use vizvavikhyAta mAtatAyIke nAmase smaraNa karate haiM / lagabhaga savA do sahasra varSa pUrva yUnAna meM sikandarakA abhyudaya huA thA / vaha raNonmatta thaa| use kevala bIsa varSakI avasthA meM apane mAtatAyI pitAkA kevala rAja. siMhAsana hI nahIM mila gayA thA kintu ase sAtha hI apane pitAkI pararAjya-lolupa manovRtti uttarAdhikAra ke rUpameM milI thii| usa samaya yUnA. nameM sAmarika ekatantra zAsana (miliTarI monI) kA prAdurbhAva ho cukA thaa| sainyabalase balavAn hokara janatApara manamAnA atyAcAra karanA, logoMko DarA-dhamakAkara unapara prabhutva jamAye rakhanA tathA sainikoM ko lUTake mAlakA lobha dekara rAjya vistAra karanA pazcimake atyAcArI rAjAoMkI rAjanIti bana gaI thii| sikandarakA pitA philipa isI pazuzaktike balase yUnAnakA adhipati banA thaa| use dezake sAtha vizvAsaghAta karane ke kAraNa eka gupta hatyAreke hAthoM dezadrohIkI mauta mara jAnA par3A thA / usa samaya yUnAnameM sazastra rAjakIya atyAcAroMkA bolabAlA ho rahA thaa| usa samayakI yUnAnI rAjya. vyavasthA lUTakA ThekA ( dUjArA) mAtra raha gaI thii| usa samaya yUnAnI Page #576 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prasaMgocita AlocanA 549 rAjanaitikoMne isa sazastra rAjakIya atyAcArake virodhameM janatAko jagAne tathA usase svataMtratAkI rakSA karAneke paryApta prayatna kiye the / usa samayake itihAsa prasiddha vAgmI DImasthanisane spaSTa zabdoM meM yUnAnI janatAko yaha sAvadhAna vANI sunAI thI ki 'philipa sampUrNa yUnAnakA zatru hai / ise rAjyAdhikAra mila gayA hai / yadi ise apane uddezya meM saphalatA mila gaI to yaha yUnAnako dAsa banAkara choddegaa| yadi yUnAna apanI svataMtratAkI rakSA karanA cAhe to vaha apane pArasparika kalahako to choDa de aura apane svataMtratA nAmavAle janmasiddha adhikArakI rakSAke liye saMyukta nyUha (moracA) banAkara atyAcArI rAja ke viruddha saMgrAma ghoSaNA kare / ' parantu yUnAnake hitaiSIko yaha sAvadhAna vANI yUnAnane nahIM sunI aura philipakI hatyAke pazcAt usakA uttarAdhikArI sikandara senya sAmantoMkI zakti meM apane pitA philipase bhI baDha gyaa| usane sainya sAmantoMkI zaktise zaktimAna hokara sAre yUnAnako dAsa banA liyA aura digvijayake liye nikala pdd'aa| grIka aitihAsikoMne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai ki hamAre jisa yUnAnane prasiddha dArzanika vicArazIla samAja-sevaka tathA prajAvatsala rAjA utpanna kiye haiM usIke nivAsI hama logoMke liye apane yUnAnako sikandarake janmadAtAke nAmase kalaMkita hote dekhanA aura isake duSTa rAjakA kucha na bigAra sakanA baDe hI paritApakA viSaya hai aura kisI bhI rUpameM vAJchanIya nahIM hai| sikandara bhUmaNDalake vikhyAta mAtatAyiyoM meM ginA jAtA hai| prabhutApriya raNonmata sikandarakA jIvana nRzaMsa hatyAoM paratantratAke viruddha uTha khaDe honevAle svataMtratApriya vijita vyaktiyoM ke aMgaccheda bhAdi amAnuSika atyAcAroM, vizvAsI mitroM, rAjanaitika netAmoM tathA nyAyapriya nAgarikoMkA astitva miTA DAlane ke liye saba prakAra ke pAzavika upAyoMke avalambanose paripUrNa thaa| bhU-mAtAko nirdoSa logoM ke raktoMse ra~ganA tathA use asyAcAriyoMke A~suoMse sIMcanA usakI manoraMjaka krIDA thii| vaha apane ko Page #577 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi IzvarakA avatAra kahane laga gayA thaa| use yoropakA hiraNAkuza kahanA cAhiye / vaha apanA virodha karanevAloMkI hatyA kara detA thA aura apane avatApaneko niSkaMTaka karanekI nItise kAma letA thA / jo usake ava. tArapanekA samarthana nahIM karatA thA vahI usakA vadhya bana jAtA thaa| usakI ina mAtatAyI pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa saMsAra usase Thana ke lagA thaa| saMsArake saMtrAsaka sikandarako bhAratase nikAla kara bhArata ko usake duSTa mArase mukti dilAne meM jina bhAratIya dezabhaktoMkI pratibhA tathA raNakauzalane pUrA sahayoga diyA thA / Arya cANakya bhAratake una saba dezasevakoMke suyogya netA the / kAmandakIya nItizAstrameM cANakya ke vyaktitvake saMbandhameM nimna prAmANika vivaraNa vidyamAna haiM- isase cANakya saMbandhI bahutasI nirAdhAra kiMvadantiyoMkA apane bhApa saMzodhana ho jAtA hai / vaMze vizAlavaMzyAnAM RSINAmiva bhuuysaaN| apratigrAhakANAM yo babhUva bhUvi vizrutaH // 2 // jAtavedA ivArciSmAn vedAn vedavidAM varaH / yo'dhItavAn sucaturaH caturo'pyeka vedavat // 3 // yasyAbhicAravajreNa vajrajvalanatejasaH / / papAtAmUlataH zrImAn suparvA nandaparvataH // 4 // ekAkI mantrazaktyA yaH zaktyA zaktidharopamaH / AjahAra nRcandrAya candraguptAya medinIm // 5 // nItizAstrAmRtaM dhImAn arthazAstramahodadheH / samuhale namastasmai viSNuguptAya vedhase // 6 // " maiM vedhA arthAt samAja nirmAtA jagadvareNya usa viSNuguptako praNAma karatA hUM jo usa pratiSThita brAhmaNa parivArameM utpanna humA thA jisake sadasya RSitulya the, dAna dakSiNA nahIM lete the aura samAjameM sammAnakA sarvocca sthAna pAye hue the| viSNugupta homAgnike samAna jyotirmaya vedAntake mAdarzako apanAnevAloMmeM agragaNya aura pratibhAse cAroM vedoMpara eka jaisA Page #578 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prasaMgocita AlocanA adhikAra pAye hue the| unhoMne apanI alaukika zaktike dIpta vajrase parvata. tulya vizAla nandavaMzako miTA DAlA thA, usa akelene apanI buddhi, pratibhA tathA deva senApatiyoM jaiso vIratAse candraguptako lokapriya rAjA tathA pRthivI pati banA diyA thaa| jisane arthazAstra rUpI samudrakA manthana karake logoMko rASTranirmANako kalAse paricita karAne ke liye rAjanIti nAmaka amRtakA uddhAra kiyA thA / " cANakya saMbandhI isa stuti vAkyameM jisa nandavaMzake dhvaMsakA ullekha hai, sikandarake bhArata-mAkramaNakA usa nandavaMzake sAtha vizeSa saMbandha hai| sikandarako mAsurI-samara-yAtrAkA uddezya IrAna ke mArgase bhAratapara mAkramaNa karanA aura bhAratakA samrATa banakara vizvasamrATa bananA thaa| devakI acintya icchAse usa samaya samasta bhArata ke bhAgyakA pratinidhitva karanekI bhAvanA niSkiJcana parantu buddhi ke dhanI vipra cANakya ke manameM jAga utthii| vipra cANakyakI anAgatavidhAtrI buddhi ne bhazvaka nAmaka kSatriya jAtike adhipati candraguptako jo cANakyakA AjJAkArI hI bhAramasamarpaNI rAjanaitika antevAmI bana cukA thaa| sikandarakI bhAratAbhimukha gatiko bhAratameM ghusane se bhI pahale roka dene ke liye IrAnakI mahAyatAke nAmase IrAna bheja diyA thA / IrAna nirbala tathA hatotsAha aura vahAM manuSyaradha tathA svAbhimAnake nAmapara karanevAlI zaktiyoM kA sarvathA abhAva thaa| vaha sikandarake daNDe ke sAmane sira jhukAneko prastuta baiThA thaa| candragalane apanI parama sAhasI azvaka senAoM ke dvArA sikandarake mArgameM paga-pagapara vighna upasthita kiye parantu use rokA nahIM jA skaa| usa samaya avasaravAdI cANakyane, sikandarako vizvAsa meM lAkara usake sahAyakoM tathA usakI senAoM meM vidroha paidA karake use pachADane kI dRSTise candraguptase sikandara ke prati kapaTa bhAtmasamarpaNa karA diyaa| sikandarakI yahI nIti thI ki sthAnika virodhI rAjAmoM ke bAramasamarpaNa kara denepara vaha unhIMko vahAMkA Adhipatya sauMpakara unheM apanA letA Page #579 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 552 cANakyasUtrANi thaa| yahI usakA vaidezikoMse sahAyatA pAne aura sAmarika mArgako surakSita rakhanekA ekamAtra upAya thaa| usane candragupta ke bAramasamarpaNako apanI nIti kI saphalatA mAnakara vizvAsa karake bhArata ke pravezamArga para bane hue mahatvapUrNa mAranasa nAmaka durgakA adhipati banA diyA / candragupta pUrvanizcita kAryakrama ke anusAra isa mahatvapUrNa sthAnako pAkara apane sikandara virodhI uddezya kI pUrtimeM laga gyaa| isa madhyameM pazcimottara prAnta sikaMdarake atyAcAroM se pUrNa rUpameM kSubdha ho cukA thA aura vaha kisI suyogya netAke netRtva meM pikandarakA adamya virodha karaneke liye utAvalA ho rahA thaa| jaba pazcimottara bhAratIya pradezake Adi kSatriya tathA vAhmaNa? loga milakara sikandara ke pAzavika atyAcAroM ke pratizodhake liye uTha khar3e hue| taba paristhitine candraguptako sindarake vidrohiyoM kA netRtva karane ke liye vivaza kara ddaalaa| jaba mindarako candragupta kI isa rAjanaitika gatividhikA patA calA taba usane usakA vadha karanekI AjJA dii| isa samA. cArako pAkara candragupta khullamakhullA vidrohiyoMkA sahAyaka aura netA bana baitthaa| dezadrohI takSazIlA--nareza abhI apane paDausI zaktizAlI zatru paMcananda nareza pururAja ( parvataka) ko vinaSTa karane ke liye sikandara se jA milA / ina donoM ne milakara AlamArake pradeza jIto prAraMbha kara ddaale| sikandara pazimottara bhAratakI choTI-choTI saphalatAose bahakakara apane sAmrAjya vistAra ke kAryakrama ke antargata parvatezvara pururAjako vijaya karane kI kAryakrama banA baiThA aura use abhisAra nareza bhAdi dUsare rAjAoM se saMga. Thita hokara balazAlI banane kA avasara na pAne dene ke liye zIghratAle jhelama ke taTapara usake sammukha A DaTa! | ina donoM kI zIghratAse parvatezvara akelA raha gayA / parantu vaha akelA raha jAne para bhI zaktizAlI rAjA thaa| usakI senA suvyavasthita thI / sikandara AkramaNa to kara baiThA parantu isa yuddha ke prAraMbhika dinoMse hI use lene ke dene par3ane kI samasyA upasthita dIkhane lgii| yahAMtaka ki prathama to use jhelama pAra karanA hI atyanta kaSTasAdhya Page #580 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prasaMgocita AlocanA ho gayA / phira use parvatezvarakI hAthiyoMkI una senAoMse lohA lenA paDA jinakA sikandarakI senAoMko koI anubhava hI nahIM thA aura use jinakI ajeyatAkI kalpanA bhI nahIM thI / 553 pururAja ke udbhada yoddhA hAthiyoMko senAne sikandarakI senA meM vidhvaMsa macA DAlA / usake raNabAMkure hAtho raNakSetra meM sUMDoMse zatrusainikoM ko pakaDa pakaDakara apane sazastra mahAvatoM se unakA sira kaTavA kara unheM kamala vanakI bhA~ti pairoMse kucala DAlate the aura yUnAnI senAke sainikoMkI haDDiyoM tathA kavacoMko pairoMse pIsakara cUra-cUra kara dete the / jIvita sainikoM ko sUMDase pakaDakara dharatI meM de mArate the | yoM parvatezvarake hAthiyoMne yUnAnI senAko prAyaH naSTabhraSTa kara DAlA / sikandara ke adhikAMza ghuDasavAra isa yuddha meM mAre gye| yaha dekhakara usakI senAmeM AtaMka chA gayA aura vaha sikandarako tyAgakara zatrupakSa meM AtmasamarpaNa karaneko prastuta do gayI / aba usake pAsa parvatezvara se tatkSaNa saMdhiprArthanA karaneke atirika AtmarakSAkA aura koI upAya nahIM rahA / saMsAra meM svArthaprerita tathA kartavyaprerita do prakArake yoddhA hote haiM / kartavyaprerita yoddhA apane antima zvAsoMtaka apane lakSyakI sevA karate rahane ke liye yuddhamana rahakara apanA yaza amara kara jAte haiM / svArthaprerita yoddhA svArthIpara coTa Ate hI zveta jhaNDA dikhAkara AtmasamarpaNa kara dete haiM / yahI dazA bhAvatAyI sikandarakI senA meM upasthita ho gaI thii| nirAza hokara sikandarako yuddha rokanekI mAjJA denI paDI aura parvatezvara ke sAmane isa prakAra vinatI karanI par3I ki jo bhAratIya rAjan ! parvatezvara ! mujhe kSamA kara / maiM terA zaurya tathA bala pahacAna gyaa| aba vipatti nahIM sahI jAtI / merA hRdaya pUrNa vyathita hai / maiM nahIM cAhatA ki mere sAtha jAnevAle samasta loga naSTa hoM inheM mauta ke mu~ha meM lAnevAlA maiM huuN| apane sainikoMko mutyumukhameM dhakelanA mere liye kisI bhI prakAra upayukta nahIM hai| AtatAyI ke isa prakAra sarvatomukhI vinAzake samaya sadA nahIM AyA karate / rAjanaitika sUjha bUjha rakhanevAle vyakti ke liye yaha eka aisA zubha 1 Page #581 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 254 cANakyasUtrANi avasara hAtha mAyA thA ki use turanta hathakaDI pahanAkara naSTa kara DAlanA cAhiye thA / parantu saba yaha taba hotA jaba parvatezvarako apane dezakI koI cintA hotI / use to kevala apanI cintA thii| usane bhAtmasamarpaNake lie vivaza ho jAnevAle parvatakako zikArIko hAtha lage khUkhAra kutte ke samAna apanI vyaktigata mahatvAkAMkSAkA sAdhana banA lenA cAhA aura usake sahayogase bhAratIya rAjAmoM ko parAjita karake bhAratakA sabase baDA pratApI rAjA banane kA manoratha ThAna liyaa| yadi vaha dezapremI hotA to aisA kabhI na karatA / isa prakArako cintA usakA rAjanaitika divAliyApana thaa| yadi vaha dezapremI hotA to use sikandarako usI samaya naSTa kara DAlanA cAhiye thA aura usa AtatAyIkA muMDa kATakara bhAratamAtAke caraNoM meM bheMTa caDhAnA cAhiye thaa| kucha lekha. kokA kahanA hai ki parvatezvarane zatruko kSamA karane kI kSAtra paramparA ke anu. pAra saMdhiprArthIpara prahAra nahIM kiyaa| parantu yaha bAta nahIM thii| usakI dezadrohI rAjyalolupa manovRttine use a~dhA bana! DAlA thA aura vaha apanI phUTI A~khoMse sikandarako miTA DAlane ke sarvottama aghasarako nahIM pahacAna skaa| usa samaya vaha dezakI orase na socakara apane vyaktitvakI raSTise socakara bhrAnta nirNaya kara baitthaa| sikandarane to saMdhiko AtmarakSAkA sAdhana mAtra banAyA thaa| vaha to AtatAyI bheDiye kI bhUkha lekara apane dezase samarAbhiyAna ke liye calA thA / jhelama ke taTa para apane bhAgya kA pAsA palaTatA dekhakara saMdhiprArthanA to usakI maramarakSAkI eka cAla thii| usake manameM to vizvasamrATa banane kI mahatvAkAMkSA pahale se hI vidyamAna thI jo aba bhI nahIM miTI thii| sikandarane parvatakako acchA dhokA diyaa| usane bhAratako jItakara apanI vizvasamrATa banane kI mahatvAkAMkSA pUrI karane ke liye usa jaise zaktizAlako apanA bhAratIya sAdhana banA lenekA nizcaya kara liyaa| usako bhAratakA samrAT banAnekA lAlaca dekara ThagA aura saMdhi pakkI kara lii| Page #582 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prasaMgocita AlocanA usa samaya magadha bhAratake gaNarAjyoMmeM sabase adhika zaktizAlI rAjya thaa| parvatakakI dRSTi bhAratakA samrATa banane ke liye sabase prathama magadhakI ora gaI aura usane socA ki yadi mujhe magadhakA siMhAsana mila jAya to bhAratake bhinna-bhinna khaNDa rAjyoM ko apane adhikArameM kara lenA sugama ho jAyagA / parvataka dezake zatra sikandarako naSTa karanekA suavasara bhUlakara videzI sahAyatAse bhAratakA samrATa bananeke lobha meM ulajhakara sikandarakI manovAMchita saMdhike dvArA yuddha sthagita karake itane bar3e vizvavikhyAta bhAtatAyAko kSamA kara baitthaa| bhAratameM sikandarapara mAra paDaneke jo dina isa yuddha ke pazcAt upasthita ho rahe the isa saMdhine unheM kucha dina ke liye aura TAla diyA aura sikandara kucha dina parvatakakA rakSita duSTa atithi bana kara rhaa| usane usake rAjya ke bhAsapAsake kucha pradeza jItakara parvatakake rAjya meM milA diye aura parvatakakA vizvAsapAtra bananekA abhinaya kiyaa| parvatakakI videziyoM ke kartRtvase bhAratakA samrATa banane kI yaha duSTa buddhi bhArata ke sarvanAzakA kAraNa banane jA rahI thI ki saubhAgya se mahAmati cANakyako usakI isa dezadrohI duSTa buddhi kA patA cala gayA / cANakya samajha gayA ki sikandara dezadrohI parvatakako Thaga lenA cAhatA hai| aura parvataka lobhameM bhAkara isa zatrukA nAza karane meM pramAda kara gayA hai / usane kA~Tese kA~TA nikAlanekI nItise kAma liyA aura dezadrohI parvatakako kevaLa tAtkAlika rUpameM samajhAkara ina donoMkI duSTa saMdhiko yaha kahakara tuDavAkara choDA ki, " tuma sikandarakA vizvAsa karake magadhakA siMhAsana kabhI nahIM pA sakate / isaliye nahIM pA sakate ki yaha sandhi tumheM Thagane ke liye hI kI gaI hai| sikandara tamheM anta meM taba ThagegA jaba tuma usakA kucha na kara sakane kI sthiti meM hoge aura usake hAtha meM zakti jA cukI hogii|" "jisa sikandarane Ajataka vizvAsaghAtake atirikta kisIse koI vartAva kiyA hI nahIM kyA vaha tumase apanA kAma nikAla lene ke pazcAt tumheM samrATa Page #583 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 556 baanggaal bana jAne dene ke liye jIvita choDegA / yadi tumane usase saMdhi banAye rakkhI aura usakI sahAyatAse magadhakA siMhAsana lenA cAhA to smaraNa rakhanA ki magadhakA siMhAsana to tumheM ullU banAkara tamhArI zaktise usake adhikArameM calA hI jaaygaa| sAtha hI bhArata sadAke liye usakI lUTakA kSetra bana jaaygaa| yadi tuma mere sujhAvapara dhyAna nahIM doge to bhArata bhI yUnAna, IrAna tathA mistrakI bhraoNti yavanoM kI AsurI lIlAkA kSetra bana jAyagA / tuma svayaM itane bar3e zaktizAlI hokara isa nIca videzIkI sahAyatApara kyoM nirbhara hote ho ? magadhakA siMhAsana to hama hI tumheM atisugamatAse dilavA deNge| hamArI preraNAse tumheM usa candraguptakI sahA. yatA bhI mila jAyagI jo pazcimottara bhAratIya pradezoM meM sikandara virodhI vidrohoMkA saphala netRtva karane ke kAraNa sImAprAntakI eka zaktizAlI sattA bana cukA hai / yadi tuma hamArA kahA nahIM mAnoge aura tuma sikandarako lekara magadhapara AkramaNa karoge hI, to hama pazcimottara bhArata kI samasta zaktiyoM ko sAtha lekara apanI saMpUrNa zakti se tumhArA virodha kraayeNge| taba hameM aura candragupta ko apane bhAratako videzI AkramaNase bacAne ke nAmapara tumhAre sAtha lohA lenA pdd'egaa|" ___ "jisa samaya tuma ajJAnavaza dezake zatru sikandarakA sAtha de rahe hoge vaha samaya tumhAre liye zubha siddha nahIM ho skegaa| tuma isI rAjanaitika ulajhanoM meM ulajhA lupta ho jAmoge / ' cANakyakA mantra kAma kara gyaa| paMcanada nareza parvataka unake parAmarzako mAna gyaa| vaha prabhAgA mAna to gayA parantu sIdhe mAgase yA sadbhAvanAse nahIM mAnA / vaha bhArata-rakSAke nAmapara na mAnakara magadhakA siMhAsana pAne ke lobhase maan|| yadi vaha niSka. paTa dezapremI hotA to saMbhava thA ki cANakyako usako bhAratakA bhAvI samrAT banAneke liye vivaza honA paDa jaataa| kyoMki vaha svabhAvase bhAratakA zaktizAlI rAjA thaa| aba parvatakako cANakyakA parAmarza mAna. ne meM apanI svArthasiddhikI nizcita saMbhAvanA dIkhane lagI aura isaliye usane sikandarakI sahAyatAkI kalpanA tyAgakara saMdhi bhaMga kara ddaalii| Page #584 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prasaMgocita AlocanA sikandarakI sahAyatAkI kalpanA tyAgate hI usane aba taka jisa sika. ndarako apanI rakSA ( zaraNa ) meM le rakkhA thA use haTA diyA aura taba sikandarako usake dezase bAhara nikala jAnA pdd'aa| ina rAjanaitika dAva. paMcoMmeM sikandarako jisane bhAratameM apane mananta zatru banA liye the phira aneka jhallAye hue ghAtaka zatrubhoMke madhyameM nirAzrita sthitimeM calA jAnA paDA / jyoMhI sikandara usake Azrayase vicchinna huA tyoMhI cANakyake pUrvanirdiSTa kAryakramake anusAra usapara usakA vidroha karanepara tule hue gaNarAjyoM kI orase bhayaMkara mAra paDanI prAraMbha ho gaI / sikandarako svayaM gyaktigata rUpameM bhI mallose yuddha ke samaya acchI mAra khAnI par3I aura maranese bAla bAla baca paayaa| zarIra ghAvoMse itanA chida gayA thA ki jIvita rahanA mAzcarya kI bAta mAnI gaI thii| apanI hatotsAha senAko utsAhita karane ke liye kaI bAra apane jIvanako saMkaTa meM DAlanA pdd'aa| ghaTanAcakra isa prakAra ghUmA ki candra guptane pUrva SaDyantra ke anusAra pahale to sikandarakI senAmeM phUTa paidA karake usakI senAmeM magadhapara AkramaNake sambandhame hI vidroha paidA karA DAlA thaa| usake pazcAt usapara cAroM orase pAkramaNa karavAne prAraMbha kara diye| usane apanI rAjanaitika prati. bhAse sikandarake liye aisI viSama paristhiti paidA kara DAlI ki use vizva samrATa banane kA sapanA to madhya meM choDa hI denA paDA, sAtha hI usake sAmane bhAratase apanI jAna curAkara bhAga nikalane kA prazna mukhyarUpa lekara upasthita ho gayA / candragupta ne apanI tathA apane mitroMkI vidrohI prabala senAmoMkI niyuktise sikandarakA bhAratase lauTane kA vaha mArga jisase vaha bhArata vijaya ke liye garva ke sAtha bhAyA thA, agamya banA diyaa| usa mArgake ve adhi. vAsI jinheM pahale sikandarane apane atyAcAroMkA AkheTa banAyA thA usakI jAnake gAhaka bana gaye the aura kaThora pratihiMsAkA avasara dRDha rahe the / parvatakake Azrayase vicchinna hote hI sikandarakI bhAratameM vaha gati ho gaI thI jo parAye gA~va meM jA pha~le nirupAya kutte kI ho jAtI hai| Page #585 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 558 cANakyasUtrANi sikandarane isI vivazatAse svadeza lauTanekA sIdhA mArga tyAgakara sindha aura makarAnake registAna tathA samudra ke mArgase bhAga nikalanA cAhA / parvatakako vijaya na kara sakane ke samAcArane sikandarake atyAcArita pazcimottara bhArata meM, usake viruddha vidrohako aura bhI adhika bhaDakA DAlA thaa| yaha vidroha susaMgaThita tathA zaktizAlI bana cukA thaa| ise dabAyA nahIM jA sakA / sikandarako isI virAT vidrohako lapeTameM Akara siMdha tathA makarAnake Ubar3a khAbaDa marusthaloMke usa durgama mArgase, jisameM khAdya tathA peya sAmagrI milanI kaThina ho gaI thI aura jisameMse senAkI sAmagrIko le calanA duSkara ho jAne ke kAraNa paDAvoMpara hI choDa denA paDatA thA, bhAganA paDA, tathA apanI choTI choTI una naukAoMse jo paMjAbakI nadiyoM ke bhI yogya nahIM thI, samudrake usa pathase vahAMkA Rtu sAvana bhAdoMkI vAyuse sarvathA viparIta ho cukA thA, svadeza bhAgane ke liye vivaza ho jAnA paDA / ina mAgoMke kAraNa usakI bacI khucI senAkA bhI adhikAMza naSTa ho gyaa| uplakI senApara bhAratameM jisa prakAra mAra aura kaSTa paDe usakA kucha mAbhAsa isa samAcArase mila sakatA hai ki usake avaziSTa senApati tathA sainika Adi itane vivarNa ho cuke the ki apane deza meM lauTane para pahacAne taka nahIM jA sake / sikandarase utpIDita sindha tathA bilocistAna mAdikI samasta vidrohI jAtiyoM kA netRtva cANakya aura candragupta donoM kara rahe the / cANakya sikandarako jAnase maravA DAlanA cAhatA thaa| isa kAmake liye vaha sindhameM una brAhmaNa jAtiyopara pahuMcA jo 'samAnazIlavyasaneSu sakhyam ' ke anusAra pahalese hI sikandarake virodha ke liye usake sAthI bana cuke the| cANakya ne use jIvita svadeza na lauTane denekA bhagIratha prayatna kiyaa| usa samaya bhAratIya senAbhoMne sikandarapara paga-pagapara ghAtaka prahAra kiye| pratihiMsAtmaka bhAkramaNoMse dhvasta kara DAlA aura bhAratapara mAkramaNa karaneke aparAdhake badale meM atyanta kaDavA ghuTa pilAkara choddaa|| saMyogavaza sikandara apane zarIrapara ghAtaka prahAra lekara bhI jaise taise bhAga to nikalA parantu bebila na jAkara mara gyaa| isI kAraNa pAzcAtya Page #586 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prasaMgocita AlocanA "> itihAsakAroMne sikandara ke mukhase yaha antima pazcAttApa nikalavAyA hai ki " bhAratavAsiyoMne mujhe paga-pagapara trAsa pahu~cAyA, merI senAyeMnaSTa kI, kruddha hokara asahya yaMtraNAyeM dIM aura mere zarIrapara ghAtaka prahAra kiye / bhAratapara AkramaNa mere jIvanakI bhayaMkara bhUla thI / sikandarapara candragulakI isa asAmAnya vijayane na kevala samasta pazcimottara bhAratakA kintu madhya eziyA aura pUrvI paraziyA takakI samasta jAtiyoMkA parAkramI nAyaka banA diyA thA / pAThaka dekheM isa prakAra cANakya candragupta ke saMyukta rAjanaitika kauzala se antameM magadha meM jo vizAla sAmrAjya banakara prastuta huA usake nirmANakA prAraMbha pazcimottara bhAratase hI huA thA / aura vaha usakI sikandara virodhI pravRttiyoMse huA / vAstava meM dekhA jAya to isa sAmrA jyakA bIja to cANakyakA hRdaya hI thaa| candragupta cANakyakI maMtrazakti meM sikandara ke AkramaNake dinoMmeM hI pazcimottara bhArata, IrAna, aphagAnistAna AdikA eka pramukha vyakti bana cukA thA / usane bhAratase sikandarako khaDate hI avaziSTa yUnAnI adhikAriyoMko bhI naSTa kara DAlA / sikandara ke bhAratake lauTate hI sArA pazcimottara pradeza yadacchAse candraguptake adhikAra meM 559 aA gayA thA / cANakyane sikandarako to miTA DAlA / parantu usake sammukha bhAratako saMbhAvita videzI AkramaNoMse surakSita rakhane kI samasyAkA pUrNa samAdhAna karanA aba bhI zeSa thaa| kyoMki usa samaya samagra bhAratakA AtmA aura bhAgya donoM parahitanirata cANakya meM Akara ekIbhUta ho gaye the isaliye vaha dinarAta bhAratakI surakSAkI cintAmeM DUbA rahatA thA / bhAratakI rAjanaitika paristhiti cANakya se nirantara yaha kaha rahI thI ki jabataka magadhake siMhAsanapara candragupta jaise caritravAn vIra vyaktiko abhiSikta nahIM kara diyA jAyagA tabataka bhAratako eka zaktizAlI sAmrAjya yA eka virAT rASTraparivArakA rUpa dene kI tumhArI kalpanA adhUrI hI par3I raha jAyagI / jaba cANakya candraguptako IrAnameM sikandarakI bhAratAbhimukha gati rokane ke liye azvaka senAoM ke adhipati ke rUpa meM bhejA thA usI samaya usane svayaM Page #587 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 560 cANakyasUtrANi paidala magadha jAkara magadhezake maMtrI subuddhizarmA se jisakA upanAma amAtya rAkSasa thA, bhArata ke isa mahAn saMkaTameM sahayoga mA~gA thA / subuddhizarmA zatru saMhAra meM bhISaNa parAkramI honeke kAraNa amAtya rAkSasa upanAma se prasiddha thA, saMskRta bhASA ke mAdhyama se zikSA denevAle takSazilA ke vizvavidyAlayakA cANakyakA samakAlIna vidyArthI thA / dezapremI hone ke nAte donoMko vidyArthI jIvana meM hI bandhutva ho gayA thA / cANakyane amAtya rAkSasako isa bhA~ti samajhAnA cAhA thA ki isa samaya pazcimottara bhAratakI rakSA magadhakI hI AtmarakSA hai / yadi isa samaya magadhakA siMhAsana magadha ke kalyANako samagra bhAratake kalyANase alaga mAnakara udAplIna raha gayA to yaha usakA rAjanaitika pramAda aura maraNa hogA / isaliye hogA ki sikandara bhAratake asaMgaThita gaNarAjyoMke pArasparika virodhoMkI nirbalatAse lAbha uThAne ke liye sabase pahale magadhako hI apanI lUTakA kSetra banAyegA / amAtya rAkSasa ! tuma samajha rakhanA, yadi tumane merA sujhAva na mAnA to tumhArA yaha nandarAjya jisakI rakSAkI saMkIrNa dRSTise Aja tumheM bhArata rakSA nAmavAlI bRhattama dRSTise vaMcita kara rahI hai, svayaM bhI lupta ho jAyagA aura bhArata ke bhI vidhvasta honekA kAraNa bana jAyagA / amAtya rAkSasa rAjA nandakA kevala maMtrI hI nahIM thA usakA pragADha snehI bhI thA / usakA sneha kartavya pAlanakI sImA lA~gha kara modakA rUpa le cukA thA / isa kAraNa vaha nandakI dezadrohIkI niSkriyatA ke viruddha cANakya ke prastAvako na mAna sakA / isaliye na mAna sakA ki rAjA nanda ( mudrArAkSasa 3-18) cANakyake zabdoM meM vilAsI tathA atyAcArI rAjA thaa| isI kAraNa vaha prajAkI ghRNAkA pAtra bana cukA thA / amAtya rAkSasa use usake durguNa tyAgane ke liye vivaza nahIM kara sakA jo pradhAnamaMtrI hone ke nAte usakA atyAvazyaka kartavya thA / jaba vaha usake samajhAnese nahIM mAnA thA to use usase asahayoga karane kA dabAva DAlakara usako sudhAranA cAhiye thA / Page #588 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prasaMgocita AlocanA 561 nandervimuktamanapekSitarAjavRttairadhyAsitaM ca vRSalena vRSeNa rAjJAm / siMhAsanaM sadRzapArthiva satkRtaM ca prItiM trayastriguNayanti guNA mamaite // ( mudrArAkSasa 3 -18 ) magadhakA siMhAsana rAjacaritra se patita ho jAnevAle nandoMse chur3A liyA gayA, unake sthAna meM rAjarSabha candragupta maurya abhiSikta kara diye gaye / arthAt usa rikta rAjasiMhAsana para dhIrodAttatva Adi mahArAja guNoMse yukta candraguptako baiThA diyA gyaa| mere ye nandoddharaNa candraguptA-bhiSecana tathA yogya vyaktiko rAjasiMhAsana para bhArUDha kara denevAle tIna guNa mere harSako tigunA banA rahe haiN| maiMne apane manameM bhAratako eka sAmrAjyakA rUpa dene, candraguptako bhArata samrAT banAne, tathA nandako ukhADa pheMkanekA jo saMkalpa kiyA thA, vaha mere buddhikauzalyase Aja pUrA ho gayA / yahI mere AnandAtizayakA kAraNa hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki amAtya rAkSasane buddhimAna hote hue bhI apane Apako kucha aisI paristhitiyoM meM pha~sA rakkhA thA ki use cANakyakA mahatvapUrNa prastAva vivazatA ke sAtha asvIkAra kara denA paDA / cANakyake pAsa to akhila bhAratIya dRSTi zrI / vaha to bhAratakI samasta paristhiti ko samajhakara use eka zaktizAlI sAmrAjya banA dene meM vighna bananevAle yA sahAyaka bananeko prastuta na honevAle pratyekako dezadrohI mAnatA thA aura use miTA DAlane para tulA baiThA thA / bhAratake prati usakI rASTrIya kartavyabuddhine use aisA karaneke liye vivaza kiyA thaa| sikandarake vinaSTa ho cukane ke pazcAt paMcanada nareza parvatakane jise gururAja bhI kahA jAtA thA, magadhakA siMhAsana lenekA saMkalpa kiyA jisake liye use cANakya kI orase aAzvAsana mila cukA thaa| yaha sthiti cANakyakI bhAratIya sAmrAjya kalpanA tathA samrAT kalpanA meM bAdhA DAlanevAlI thI / samagra bhAratakI orase socanevAle cANakya ke rASTracintaka nyAyAlaya meM parvataka dezadrohI ke rUpa meM 36 ( cANakya . ) Page #589 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi kalaMkita thA / isaliye usane cANakyako apane Upara vinAzaka prahAra karane ke liye vivaza kara DAlA / bhAratakA pratyeka dezadrohI cANakyakA vinAzya zatru thaa| jaba parvata ne sikandarase saMdhi kara lI thI yA karanI cAhI thI. tabase hI parvataka cANakya ke manase utara cukA thaa| isIse usane usake zaktizAlI hote hue bhI use apanI kisI bhI mahattvapUrNa rASTrIya yojanAmeM sammilita nahIM kiyA thaa| usake mana meM usake prati avizvAsa paidA ho cukA thaa| yaha bhAratake bhAgya kI bAgaDora kisI bhI bhavasthA meM usake hAthoM meM jAne dene meM bhAratakA kalyANa nahIM dekha rahA thaa| sAtha hI vaha yaha bhI samajha rahA thA ki parvatakake sAtha candAlakI pratidvandvitAke bhako uTha jAne denA bhayaMkara rAjanaitika bhUla hogii| isa bhUlako kAryAnvita hone dene se dezake bhItara saMgrAma chir3a jAyagA / isIliye usane sikandarako parAsta tathA vidhvasta karane ke prayatnoM ke sAtha hI sAtha parvatakako magadha siMhAsanakA mithyA lobha dekara use apane akhila bhAratIya uddezyakI siddhi kA bahAyaka bananeke liye tthgaa| paristhiti gUMgI nahIM hotI / vaha sUjha bUjha vAloMko svayaM hI saba kucha batAne lagatI haiN| sikandarako parAjita karane meM candragupta ne jo mahatvapUrNa bhAga liyA thA aura pazcimottara bhArata ke vidrohI gaNarAjyoMkA netRtva karake saphalatAko apanI muTThImeM banda kara liyA thA, usake kAraNa bhAratIya rAja. naitika gaganameM candragupta kA prabhAva apane Apa dina rAta baDhatA jA rahA thaa| parvataka candragupta ke isa mahatvako dekhakara apane magadhAdhipa banane ke uddezya ke prati mana hI mana zaMkita hone lagA thaa| idhara to cANakyako parvatakameM avizvAsa thA aura udhara parvatakake manameM candragupta ke zaurya-vIrya-raNakauzala tathA sikandarako miTA DAlaneke mahAn yazake kAraNa use pazcimottara bhAra. tIya gaNarAjyoM meM milI pratiSThAke saMbandhameM bhayaMkara IA ho cukI thii| candragupta tathA parvatakake manoM meM eka mAnyantarika saMgharSa jise bhAjakI bhASAmeM Page #590 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prasaMgocita AlocanA zIta yuddha kahA jAne lagA hai cala rahA thaa| parantu cANakyakI asAdhAraNa prabhAvazAlitA tathA sUkSma nItikuzalatA ke kAraNa ina donoM virodhiyoMkI sammilita zakti magadhake dezadrohI rAjA nanda ke virudva yuddha meM upayukta honeke liye prastuta ho gaI / '563 candraguptako sudUra pazcimottara bhArata se Akara magadha vijaya pAnI thI / parantu parvatakakA rAjya magadha tathA pazcimottara bhAratake madhya meM paDatA thA / usa samaya do mahatvapUrNa rASTrIya prazna upasthita hue yA to dezadrohIko mithyA AzvAsana dekara usase sahAyatA leneke liye use ThasA jAya yA usakA damana kiyA jaay| isake binA yaha madhyakA mArga pAra karanA asaMbhava thA / antameM use magadhavijaya sAyaka bananeke liye magasiMhA. sana denekA mithyA AzvAsana dekara dhokA dekara ThaganA hI rASTrIya kartavya ke anukUla svIkAra karanA paDA / tadanusAra aba magadha-vijaya ke liye sammilita samasyAtrA prAraMbha huI / usa samara-yAtrAmeM samrAT banane ke parvataka tathA cANakyAnumodina candragupta do paraspara virodhI pratIkSaka sammilita the / isaliye cANakyako magadharAjase yuddha unase bhI pahale magadha vijaya kara cukane para anivArya rUpa se upasthita honevAlI rAjyAdhikAra ke liye kalahAyamAna sthitikI cintAne A gherA / yaha sthala cANakyakI rAjanaitika pratibhAkI parIkSAkA kaThina avasara thA / - cANakya dekha rahA thA ki magadha ke yuddha meM vijaya pAte hI parvataka turanta magadhakA vaha siMhAsana lenA cAhegA jisako use dene kA AzvAsana diyA to gayA hai, parantu vaha dezadrohI honeke kAraNa kisI bhI rUpa meM usakA adhikArI nahIM hai / cANakyane nirNaya kara DAlA ki yadyapi hamane usase magadha-siMhAsana dene kI pratijJA kara lI hai parantu rASTrIya kartavyabuddhi ke anusAra hameM vaha use kisI bhI sthiti meM nahIM denA hai / yaha sthiti aisI jaTila thI ki yuddha samApta hote hI rAjasiMhAsanapara adhikAra sambandharme Page #591 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 564 cANakyasUtrANi dUsarA yuddha mA khaDA hotaa| isa Asana yuddhako kriyAtmaka rUpa lene dene meM bhAratakA nizcita akalyANa hotA / taba bhAratakI sakhaNDa sAmrAjya kI kalpanA khaTAI meM paDa jaatii| ina saba dRSTiyoMse mArya cANakyane apanI kUTanItise aisI saSTi racakara prastuta kI ki magadha siMhAsana ke liye yuddha yAtrA honepara bhI yuddha na hone pAye aura magadha pinA hI yuddha ke vijita ho jaay| isa kAmake liye usane idhara to nanda senAmeM nandake prati vidroha tathA candraguptake prati anurAga paidA karAyA, magadhakA siMhAsana candragupta ke liye niSkaMTaka kara diyA aura udhara nandakI gupta hatyA karA DAlI / paristhitine aisI anukUla karavaTa badalI ki magadhakI rAjadhAnI pATalIputrameM candraguptake pahuMcane para yuddha ke sthAnameM candraguptakA zatrupakSakI bhorase puppa. mAlAoM se svAgata huaa| cANakya ke kUTanaitika prayogoMne pururAjake magadha rAjyAbhilASI manako rAjya mAMganekA sAhasa na karane denekA svAbhAvika vAtAvaraNa banAneke liye magadhakI senA tathA rAjyake pradhAna puruSoM ke hArthose candraguptakA rAjatilaka karAkara use siMhAsana samarpaNa karanekA abhinaya karA diyaa| candraguptako pATalIputrakI prajAkI sammatise siMhAsanArUDha hotA dekhakara parvataka mana hI mana bhauMcakkA raha gyaa| vaha candragupta ke bhAratavyApI prabhAva tathA magadha siMhAsana lAbhakI isa akalpita ghaTanAko dekhakara usakA pratyakSa virodha karane kA sAhasa nahIM kara sakA / isa prakAra cANakyakI kUTanIti ne rAjyalAbhottarakAlIna vigrahako TAla to diyA parantu parvatakako IrSyA usa samaya kucha na kara sakane para bhI pratihiMsAkA rUpa dhAraNa kara gii| isa liye usane sikandarake bhUtapUrva senApati, isa samayake sIriyAke rAjA selyUkasake pAsa, jisake manakI bhArata ko lUTane kI mahatvAkAMkSA nirmUla nahIM huI thI, dUtake dvArA bhArata para AkramaNa karanekA nimaMtraNa bheja diyaa| parvatakakA yaha dezadrohI kAma cANakya jaise satarka buddhimAnase gupta nahIM raha Page #592 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyakA maMtritva tyAga 565 skaa| cANakyane usake isa dezadrohI kAmakA tatkAla prANAnta daNDa denA ucita maanaa| isaliye mAnA ki candragupta meM vIratA tathA saMgaThana-zakti atyadhika honepara bhI parvataka una dinoM usase kahIM adhika zaktizAlI rAjA mAnA jAtA thaa| usake rahane taka candraguptakA samrATapana surakSita nahIM samajhA gyaa| isaliye usane apane sucintita rAjanaitika SaDyantrako kArya rUpameM pariNata karake nandake samAna parvatakakI bhI gupta hatyA karA haalii| isa prakAra cANakyane candraguptako magadha siMhAsana para niSkaMTaka banAne kA prathama sopAna pUrA kara ddaalaa| __ jyoM hI parvatakakA dUta selyUkasake pAsa pahuMcA tyoM ho vaha bhArata para AkramaNake liye cala to paDAparantu bhAratameM Ate hI use patA calA ki use nimaMtraNa dekara bulAnevAle parvatakakI sahAyatA supanA bana cukI hai| isa avasarapara bhI bhAratakA vikhyAta dezadrohI takSazilA nareza bhIka selyUkasakI sahAyatAka liye Age baDhA / isa samAcArako pAta hI bagula vizAla senA lekara mindhake taTa para jA pahu~cA aura selyUkasa tathA hambhikako saMyukta senApara aise dhAka zrAmaNa kiye ki ammA kA to nAma aura cinhataka zeSa nahIM rahA tathA selyUkasako prANa bacAne ke liye candragupta se bhArata para phira kabhI AkramaNa na karane kI pratijJAke sAtha apane bhavya eziyAke vijita kSetroMko bhAgamaNa rUpI aparAdhake daNDa svarUpa candraguptako sauMpakara saMdhi mAMganI paDI aura ulTe pairoM svadeza lauTa jAnA paDA / yoM cANakya ke bhAratako eka vizAla sAmrAjya banAnevAle kAryakramakA dUsarA kA~TA bhI nikAla diyA gyaa| cANakyakA maMtritva tyAga aba cANakya ke manameM pATalIputrake siMhAsanapara candragupta jaise sudUravA. sIkI lokapriyatAko sudRr3ha karanekA kevala eka prazna zeSa raha gayA | cANakya samajha rahe the ki magadhake lokapriya maMtrI amAtya rAkSasake manameM svAbhAvika rUpase nandavaMza ke ucchadakA pazcAtApa kAma kara rahA hai / amAtya rAkSasako Page #593 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 566 cANakyasUtrANi saMkIrNa dRSTi meM usake isa pazcAttApakA kAraNa cANakya tathA candragupta the / cANakyako to amAtya rAkSasakI bhArata sAmrAjya ke mahAmaMtrI bananekI yogya. tAke saMbandhameM pUrA saMtoSa thaa| parantu prAntIyatAko saMkIrNa dRSTi rakhanevAle amAtya rAkSasa tathA magadhakI kucha prajAke manameM uttarapazcima bhArata se pAye cANakya tathA candraguptakA magadha siMhAsana para hastakSepa maprItikara hone kI pUrI saMbhAvanA thI / amAtyapakSameM itanI udAratA tathA samagra bhAratIya raSTikoNa nahIM thaa| unake liye prAntIya bhAvanA tyAgakara akhila bhAratIya bhAvanAko apanAnA eka aparicita navIna samasyA thii| parantu cANakyakI udAra pratibhA tathA usakI AtmabalidAnI manovRtti ne isa samasyAko bhI nirmUla karanekA eka upAya soca nikaalaa| ___ usane mudrArAkSasake zabdoM meM isakA ekamAtra sarala sugama upAya amAtya rAkSasako hI candragupta ke mahAmaMtritvakA bhAra sauMpanA paayaa| usane apane kUTa prayogoMse amAtya rAkSasake hRdaya para apanI udAratAkI itanI gaharI chApa lagAI aura use candragupta kA maMtritva bhAra saMbhAlane ke liye isa daMgase vivaza kiyA ki usake pAsa candraguptakA maMtripada saMbhAlaneke atirikta koI bhI mArga zeSa nahIM rahA / cANakya ke isa saMbandhI kUTaprayogoM kA mudrArAkSasameM suvistRta ullekha hai| cANakya ke prayatnoMse antameM ina donoM zatrupakSoMkA mitratvameM milana ho gyaa| jo samAtya rAkSasa candragupta kA prabala vairI thA use usake guNoMpara mohita hokara yuvAvasthAmeM usakI itanI rAjanaitika unnati dekhakara vivaza hokara kahanA paDA vAla eva hi lokena saMbhAvitamahonnatiH / krameNArUDhavAn rAjyaM yUthaizvaryamiva dvipaH // (mudrArAkSasa 13) bAlakapanameM hI rAjalakSaNoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa jisa candragupta ke viSaya meM mahonnata honekI saMbhAvanA bana cukI thI, vaha aba kramase unnata hotA hubhA yathaizvarya pA jAnevAle gajarAjake samAna rAjya pA gayA so ThIka hI hai| amAtya rAkSasane cANakyako candragupta jaise pratibhAzAlI samrATa ziSyakA Page #594 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyakA maMtritva tyAga pakSa lene ke kAraNa sarAhanA kI- sarvathA sthAne yazasvI cANakyaH / kutaH ? cANakyako milanA sarvathA ThIka humA hai / kyoMki dravyaM jigISumadhigamya jaDAtmano'pi neturyazasvini pade niyataM pratiSThA / adravyametya tu viviktanayo'pi maMtrI zIrNazriyaH patati kUlajavRkSavRtyA / / (mudrArAkSasa 14) vijigISu kalyANa prAptike yogya jayodyogI rAjAko pAkara to mandabuddhi mantrI bhI avazya pratiSThA pA jAtA hai| udAra buddhi amAtya ke pratiSThA pA jAnekI to bAta hI kyA ? parantu ayogya prabhukA Azraya kara liyA jAnepara to vizuddha nItivAlA maMtrI bhI nadI ke patanodyata kinAre khaDe hue vRkSakI bhAMti ( mere samAna ) nirAzraya hokara gira paDatA hai| candragapta tathA amAtya rAkSasake milana kA yaha prabhAva hA ki saMkIrNa prAntIyatA akhila bhAratIyatAke rUpa meM pariNata ho gaI / isa milanake pariNAmasvarUpa prAntIya bhAvanA samApta ho gaI aura deza meM akhila bhAratIyatAkA bIja vapana ho gyaa| samAtya rAkSasake mantritvabhAra saMbhAlate hI sArA magadha prAntIyatAkA pazcAttApa bhUla kara candraguptakA anurakta ho gyaa| magadhameM amAtya rAkSasakI lokapriyatA candragaptakA pakkA sAthI bana gii| cANakyakI antardRSTine bhArata ke svAtantrya yajJameM apane maMtrI bane rahane ke nyAyya lobhakI Ahuti dekara bhAratase prAntIyatA miTA DAlI aura usake sthAnameM akhila bhAratIyatAko janma de diyaa| usane apane isa mantima rAjanaitika kartavyako bhI harSa tathA utsAha se pUrA karake na kevala candraguptakI lokapriyatAmeM cAra cA~da lagA diye, kintu bhAratako eka vizAla rASTra ke rUpameM pariNata karane ke apane uddezya kI brAhmaNocita niSkAmatAke saMbaMdha amAtya rAkSasako ni:sandigdha bhI kara DAlA | ina donoMkA milana cANakya ke rAjanaitika jIvanako antima kRSya thaa| amAtya rAkSasane cANakyake rAjanaitika niSkAma mahAn uddezyase gadgada hokara candragupta kA mantrisva grahaNa kiyA aura bhAratase prAntIyatAkA roga miTA ddaalaa| Page #595 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 568 cANakyasUtrANi pAThaka dekheM itane baDe rASTrakI kalpanA tathA nirmANa donoMke sarvesarvA bane hue Arya cANakyane apanI isa mahatI rASTrasevAke badale meM rASTrase eka kauDI taka nahIM caahii| kisI koThI (baiMka ) meM koI vyaktigata dhana saMgR. hIta nahI kiyA / koI prAsAda ( koThI baMgalA ) nahIM bnvaayaa| painzana nahIM baMdhavAI aura anta meM to rAyake kalpaka nirmAtA tathA vidhAtA hone ke kAraNa apane maMtrI bane rahane ke vaidha adhikAra ko bhI samAtya rAkSasako sauMpakara dainika rAjakAjoMse apanA saMbandha toha liyaa| tapovanaM yAmi vihAya morya tvAM cAdhikArayadhikRtya mukhyam / tvayi sthite vAkpativatsubuddhau bhunaktu gAmindra ivaiSa candraH / / ( mudrArAkSasa ) aba maiM moryako to samrATa balAkara tathA tujhe mukhyamaMtritvajJA bhAra sauMpakara apanI brAhmo tapasyA ke liye tapovana jA rahA huuN| merA AzIrvAda hai ki samrATa candragupta vRhaspati ke samAna tuma jaise kuzala maMtrI ke rahate hue indra ke samAna vRdhinIkA pAlana kareM / isake pazcAt cANakyane apane AkiMcana brAhmaNa jIvana hI saubhAgya mAnakara jIvana bhara rASTra sevAko dRSTi se kevala candragupta tathA usake sAmrA. jyakA hI nahIM saMsArabhara ke rAjanIti ke bhAvI vidyArthiyoM kA bhI pathapradarzana karane ke liye rAjanIti para 'na bhUto na bhaviSyati 'japA zAstra banAne meM apanI vaha prabala mAnasika zakti lagA DAlI, jisase sikandarako parAbhUta karApA, gaNarAjyoM ko eka mahA sAmrAjyakA rUpa dekara use eka Adarza rASTra banAkara dikhAyA aura Adarza rAja caritrakA nirmANa kiyaa| cANakya. kA arthazAstra magadhavijaya ke zIghra hI pazcAt likhA gayA aura ye cANakya sUtra bhI unhIM dinoM likhe gaye / Arya cANakyakA itivRtta cANakya tathA kauTalya ina do upanAmose atyadhika vikhyAta isa vidvA. nakA janmanAma viSNugupta hai / ye indriyavijayI medhAvI vidvAn prabhAva. Page #596 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Arya cANakyakA itivRtta zAlI apratigrAhI brAhmaNa the / ye mahAnubhAva candraguptako bhAratakA samrATa banAnetaka usake pradhAna amAtya rahe / usake pazcAt yaha pada bhUtapUrva magadha dezake maMtrI amAtya rAkSasako sauMpa diyA aura svayaM samrAjya ke zAsana ke nirdezaka banakara rahate rahe / inhoMne arthazAstra ke antameM apanA janmanAma viSNugupta udghoSita kiyA hai| dRSTA vipratipattiM bahudhA zAstreSu bhASyakArANAm / svayameva viSNuguptazcakAra sUtraM ca bhASyaM ca // jaba eka granthapara bhaneka bhASyakAra bhASya karate haiM taba koI kucha kahatA hai aura koI kucha / isa prakAra granthakArakA mukhya tAtparya bhASyakAroM kI lekhinImeM surakSita nahIM raha pAtA yaha dekhakara viSNugAnane apane sUtroM ko bhASyakAroMkI kRpApara na chor3akara apane sAe hI unakA bhASya bhI kiyaa| kauTalyazcaNakAtmajaH-isa hemacandra kozameM unheM caNakAtmaja batAyA hai| usake anusAra ye camake putra ( vaMzaja honese cANakyanAma se praSiddha hue| kauTalyena narendrArtha zAsanasya vidhiH ktH| kauTalya ne samrATa candragupta ke liye arthazAstra ke rUpa meM zAsana vidhAna banAyA / unhoMne isa svaracita grantha meM apane koTalaga nAma kA bhI jA rahA sagaurava ullekha kiyA hai| kUTo ghaTaH taM dhAnyapUrNa lAnti saMgRhNanti iti kuTalAH kumbhIdhAnyAH tyAgaparA braahmnnshresstthaaH| teSAM gotrApatyaM kauTalyo viSNugupto nAma / kUTa ghaTakA nAma hai| jo loga eka ghaTase adhika bhanna saMgraha nahIM karate the una kumbhIdhAnya nAmaka natyanta tyAgI zreSTha brAhmaNoM kA gotrApatya kauTalya kahAtA hai / koTalyakA mukhya nAma viSNugapta hai ___ Arya cANakya apane ko kulInatA tathA tyAgavRtti ke sUcaka cANakya tathA kauTalya ina donoM upanAmoMse abhihita karane meM gaurava anubhava karate the / Page #597 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi ye apane anuvaMzika niHspRha brAhmaNatva tathA apanI sutIkSNa pratibhAkA sAtvika ahaMkAra rakhate the / ina mahAnubhAvako vigata saikaDoM varSoMtaka kauTilya isa bhramamUlaka azuddha sadoSa nAmase smaraNa kiyA jAtA rahA hai / itihAsa saMzodhaka logoMkA kahanA hai ki yaha azuddha nAmakaraNa brAhmaNa dharma zraddhAlu bauddha tathA jaina lekhakoMkI kalpanA hai / ve isakA kAraNa yaha batAte haiM ki ye mahAzaya brAhmaNadharmake pravartaka varNAzramadharmake prati niSThA rakhanevAle tathA vaidikadharmakI zAzvataparamparA ke anuyAyI aura poSaka the, isa liye to bauddha sevakoMne cANakya tathA candragupta donoMke yugapravartaka honepara bhI inheM koI mahatva nahIM diyA / tathA inake pautrako bauddhadharma meM dIkSita ho jAne se brAhmaNadharmI lekhakoMne bhI inheM koI mahatva nahIM diyA / jaina, bauddha logoMne brAhmaNadharmake pravartaka cANakyase ruSTa hokara inake kauTalya nAmako bigADakara kuTilatA rUpI nindAko sUcaka kauTilya nAma likhA jo saikaDoM varSoM pracalita rahA / abake itihAsa saMzodhakoMkI kRpAse aba nindAsUcaka kauTilya nAma haTA diyA gayA hai aura kauTalya yaha zuddha nAma sthApita kiyA jA cukA hai / 570 kuchakA vicAra hai ki kauTilya nAma kauTalya nAmakA prAmAdika saMzodhana yA saMskaraNa hai / aitihAsikoM kI khoja ke anusAra ye mahAnubhAva pazcimo uttara bhArata meM takSazilA ke nivAsI apratigrAhI brAhmaNa the / hamArI dRSTi meM to ye kahIM bhI nivAsI rahe hoM inake janmasthAnakA koI mahatva nahIM hai / inheM jo khyAti milI hai vaha na to bhAratake kisI vizeSa bhUbhAgake nivAsI honese milI hai aura na kisI vaMzake vaMzaja hone se milI hai / ye mahAnubhAva to ananya sAdhAraNa pratibhAse jagadvikhyAta hue haiN| kyoMki cANakya akhila bhAratIyatA ke ananya upAsaka the isa dRSTise bhArata mAtAkA zasyazyAmaLa sujala suphala sampanna vakSaHsthala hI unakA janmasthAna thA aura samagra bhAratake nivAsI unake bhrAtA bhaginI the| ve jIvana bhara bhAratavAsiyoMkI cintAmeM apanA jIvana utsarga karake gaye haiM / na kevala Page #598 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Arya cANakyakA itivRtta bhAratako pratyuta samagra saMsArako rAjanItikA ananyasulabha pATha sikhAnevAle cANakyake caritrakA saMpUrNa citraNa karaneke liye to unhoM yoM kahanA upayukta hogA ki yaha samagra vasundharA hI unakI janmabhUmi thI tathA mAnavamAtra unake sahodara sahodarA the aura manuSyatA hI unakA ArAdhya bhagavAn thA / sa pumAnarthavajanmA yasya nAmni puraH sthite / nAnyAmaMgulimanyeti saMkhyAyAmudyatAMguliH // 571 sArthaka janma usI manuSyakA mAnA jAtA hai ki guNiyoMkI gaNanA prAraMbha ho jAne para ginanevAlI aMguli usIke liye uThakara radda jAya aura usake sAtha dUsarA koI ginA hI na jA sake / jaisA vAstava meM cANakya apane jaise apane Apa hI the | saMsArane una dUsarA koI vyakti Ajataka paidA nahIM kiyA yaha kahanA atyukti nahIM hai / unhoMne arthazAstra ke nAma se jo kucha likhA hai vaha kara cukaneke pazcAt likhA hai / unake lekha ananubhUta tathA avyavahArika nahIM haiM / yahI unakI lekhanIkI vizeSatA yA ananyasAdhAraNatA hai| una jaise karmaTha lekhaka saMsAra meM kitane haiM ? sarvazAstrANyanukramya prayogamupalabhya ca / kauTalyena narendrArthe zAsanasya vidhiH kRtaH // kauTalyane bAIspatya Adi samasta arthazAstroMko samajhakara tathA unake vyavahArika prayogoMko karake dekhakara una bhAcAryoMke matoM meM apanA anubhava milAkara zAsanako sudRDha banAne tathA usakA vidhipUrvaka saMcAlana karAneke abhiprAya se candragupta ke liye zAstrako racanA kI / jaise gItA arjuna ke liye kahI jAnepara bhI paramparAse sabase kahI gaI haiM, isI prakAra arthazAstra candragupta ke liye racA jAnepara bhI saMsArabharakI rAjyavyavasthAoMkA mArgadarzaka hai / jaba yaha siddha kiyA jA cukA ki candragupta magadhakA nivAsI tathA nandavaMzakA nahIM thA taba cANakyako candragupta tathA nandoMke kauTumbika Page #599 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 572 cANakyasUtrANi vivAdameM lipta batAnA bhI nirAdhAra hojAtA hai / isa kalpanAne cANakya kI bhAratIya sAmrAjya banAkara khaDA kara denevAlI rAjanaitika pratibhAkA apa. mAna kiyA hai aura use eka pratihiMsAparAyaNa vyaktikA rUpa de DAlA hai jo cANakyake mahAn vyaktitvakA bhArI apamAna hai / pAThaka dekhe 'nandairvi muktamanapekSitarAjavRtte / ' isa mudrArAkSasane bhI nandoMke unmUlanakA kAraNa unakA rAjocita kartavyoMse vimukha honA batAyA hai| zrAddha bhojana ke samaya nandavaMza meM cANakya ke apamAnako bhI kahIM kahIM nandavaMzocchedakA kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| yaha kalpanA bhI kAmandakake nimna cANakyavRttake sAdhArase khaMDita raha jAtI hai-- vaMze vizAlavaMzyAnAmRpINAmiva bhUyasAM / apratigrAhakANAM yo babhUva bhuvi vizrutaH / / jaba ki cANakya dAna lete hI nahIM the taba ve kisIke ghara zrAddha khAne jAyeM yaha eka asaMgata kalpanA hai| jisake mastiSkameM itane bar3e sAmrAjyakI sArI sAmagrI bharI huI thI aura itanA bar3A kAryabhAra jisakI pratyeka samaya pratIkSA kara rahA thA, vaha logoM ke ghara zrAddha khAtA phire yaha kalpanA hI asaMgata hai| jina dinoM saMsArameM kahIM bhI manuSyatAkA unmaSa nahIM ho pAyA thA / jina dinoM pAzcAtya jagammeM rAkSasI pravRtti unmeSonmukha hokara manuSyatA para pAzavikatAke prahAra kara rahI thI aura bhAratIya manuSyatA bhI lakSyabhraSTa hokara pAzcAtya AnarikatAkA AhvAna kara rahI thI, vaha eka mahAn anta. rASTIya saMkaTa thaa| usa samayake bhAratakA yaha kitanA bar3A saubhAgya thA ki usa mahAn jagadamyApI saMkaTa ke samaya use cANakyakI sevAyeM prApta ho gaI thIM / cANakyane apane jJAnanevase apanI mArAdhyadevI satyasvarUpa manu. pyatAko yA manuSyatAke nAmapara karanevAlI zaktiyoM ko bhAratamAtAke vakSaH sthalase naSTa na hone denevAle rAmabANa upAyoMkI udbhAvanA kI thii| cANakya apanI buddhi kI abhrAntatA, sArthakatA tathA usakI vizvavijayI Page #600 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Arya cANakyakA itivRtta zaktiyoM para itanA suhaDha vizvAsa rakhate the ki saMsArabharake itihAsa meM kisI sAdhanahIna manuSyakA isa prakAra ke AtmavizvAsakA udAharaNa milanA durlabha hai| buddhireva jayatyakA puMsaH sarvArthasAdhanI / yadvalAdeva kiM kiM na cakre cANakyabhUsuraH // kauTalIya arthazAstra ) vardhiSNu loga jAne ki buddhi hI manuSya ke sakala vAMchitako pUrNa karanevAlI sarvottama vastu hai / jisake balase cANakya bhUdevane kyA kyA nahIM kara dikhAyA / 573 " ye yAtAH kimapi pradhArya hRdaye pUrva gatA eva te ye tiSThanti bhavantu te'pi gamane kAmaM prakAmodyamAH / ekA kevalArthasAdhanavidhAM senAzatebhyo'dhikA nandonmUlanadRSTavIryamahimA buddhistu mA gAnmama // ( mudrArAkSasa ! " jo kucha socakara pahale hI cale gaye ve to gaye hI, jo yahAM aba haiM ve bhI cAheM to jAne kI ThAne / samasta kAryAko siddha karanevAlI merI kevala vaha buddhi, jo samasta kAryoMko saikaDoM senAoMke samAna siddha kara sakatI haiM nandonmUlana meM jisakI mahimA dekhI jA cukI hai vaha mujhe tyAgakara na jAya / phalena paricIyate' kAryakartAkI mahattA usake kiye kAryoM ke pariNAmoM se jAnI jAtI hai / jaise candraguptakA sAmrAjya candraguptakeM adamya sAhasa, kartavyatatparatA tathA usakI yogyatAkA pramANapatra hai isI prakAra candraguptakA caritra usake nirmAtA guru maharSi cANakyake vyaktitvakI zreSThatAkA eka sundara pramANapatra hai / kriyA hi vastupahitA prasIdati / ( bhAravi ) kriyA hi dravyaM vinayati nAdravyam / ( kauTalIya arthazAstra ) pAtra meM kiyA huA parizrama hI saphala hotA hai / kriyA pAtrako hI lAbha pahuMcAtI hai apAtrako nahIM / Page #601 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 574 cANakyasUtrANi 'samAnazIlavyasaneSu sakhyam ' ke anusAra una dinoM ye donoM hI mahAnubhAva rASTracintAse vyAkula the| donoM kI vyAkulatoMne donoMkA svAbhA. vika rUpameM milana karA diyA thaa| phira bhI ina donoM meM preraka cANakya hI the| saubhAgyase usa samaya bhArata meM abake samAna manabalakA abhAva nahIM ho gayA thaa| nyUnatA yaha thI ki bhArata kA tatkAlIna manobala prakAzameM mAnekA avasara na milanese sapakAzita raha rahA thA / bhAratake manobalako prakAza meM lAnA arthAt bhAratameM saMkIrNa prAntIyatA miTAnA aura usake sthAna para akhila bhAratAyatAko prAdhikAra denA cANakyakI brAhmazakti tathA candra guptakI zAsanika ke sammilita udyama kA lakSya bana gayA thaa| agratazcaturA vedAH pRSThataH sazaraM dhanuH / idaM brAhmamidaM kSAtraM zApAdapi zarAdapi // jaise bhArgava ( parazurAma ) brAhmaNa tathA kSAtra zaktike mizraNa the vaise hI ina donoM kA milana brAhmaNa kSAtrazaktiyoM kA sammilana hogayA thaa| eka socakara rAjanaitika kAryakrama prastuta karatA thA dUsarA use nyAvahArika rUpa dene meM apanI pAhuti de detA thaa| una dinoM bhAratakI dhanasaMpatti bAhya zatruoMko pralobhita kara rahI thii| deza itanA saMpanna thA ki nandarAja mahApadma arthAt mahApadma dhanarAzikA adhIza kahAtA thaa| jisa deza ke rAjAoMpara itanA dhana thA usa dezakI sAmpattika sthitikA sahaja hI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / cANakyane dekhA bhAratakI bhrAnta AdhyAtmikatA yA bhAratameM phailanevAle avyAvahArika dharmAne hI use manAdhyAtmika tathA adhArmika banA DAlA hai| bhArata kI AdhyAtmikatA aura usake dharmane samAjakA mukha rASTrarakSA nAmaka kartavyase moDa liyA hai aura bhArata vyaktivAda meM sImita hokara anAdhyAtmika tathA dhArmika bana gayA hai| usane dekhA bhAratakI bhrAnta mAdhyAtmikatAne bhAratameM sarvatra bhanyAyakA virodha karane se bacane kI nIti phailA DAlI hai aura yoM bhAratakI mAdhyAtmikatA hI usake tejasvI jIvanako ghAtaka zatru bana gaI hai| Page #602 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 575 Arya cANakyakA itivRtta bhAratakA zaurya, vIrya Adi saba bhrAnta mArga apanA baiThA hai / bhAratameM akhila bhAratIyatA ke nAma para dezakA saMkaTa TAlanevAlI zaktiyA~ kahIM bhI kAma nahIM kara rahI haiM / isase dezako rAjazakti bhI kumArga para paDa gaI hai| bhAratIya samAja deza kI rAjazaktiko kumArgase haTAkara sumArgapara rakhaneke kartavyako upekSA kara rahA hai / sampUrNa samAja vyaktigata svArthasiddha karanevAle prayatnoM meM magna hokara rASTrasudhArakI orase udAsa ho gayA hai| deza meM zAsana sudhAra nAmaka kartavya karane vAlA koI bhI nahIM raha gayA hai| yadi dezako yaha nirbala asAvadhAna kartagahIna mAnAnaka sthiti banI rahane dI gaI to yaha bhAratIya sampadAko videzI bhAkamakoMke hAthoM meM jAnese roka nahIM skegii| isakA akhila bhAratIya pariNAma yaha hogA ki saccI mAdhyAtmikatA, naitikatA, zUratA, vIratA Adi guNAMkI jananI manuSyatA bhAratase sadA ke liye lapta ho jAyagI aura dezameM mAsurikatA tathA mlecchatA nirvirodha bhAvase phailakara rahegI aura deza mlecchoMkA deza ho jaaygaa| bhAratakA vakSaHsthala to rudhirarAjita tathA snAta ho jAyagA aura bhAratIya gagana atyAcAritAka ArtanAdoMse gUMja uThegA / cANakya dekha rahe the ki bhAratameM AnevAlI isa Asanna vipattiko vyartha karane ke liya bhArata. vAsiyoMke manorAjya meM AmUla sumahatI krAnti karane kI AvazyakatA hai| ve bhAratakI bhrAnta mAdhyAtmikatAke duSpariNAmoMse suparicita the / isIse unhoMne apane arthazAstrameM uttaradAyitvahIna hokara kapaDe raMgakara naiSkAvalambI saMnyAsa lenekA abhinaya karake samAja meM kartavyahIna zreNI bar3hAne. vAloM ke liye daNDakI vyavasthA kI hai| ve samAjameM uttaradAyitvahIna logoMkI utpatti rokakara samAja ke pratyeka manuSyakA samAjakalyANaseM upayoga kara lenA cAhate the| ve dekha rahe the ki bhAratake ghara gharameM AdhyAtmikatA, zUratA, vIratAkI saccI vidhikA pracAra kiye binA bhAratakI manusyatAkI rakSA nahIM ho skegii| deza videzako mAnasika sthiti se pUrNa paricita cANakya samajha rahe the ki yadi bhArata manuSyatvase hIna ho gayA to manu. pyatA saMsAra bhara meM se mAnavake adhikArase bAhara calI jaaygii| cANakya Page #603 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi manuke nimna mantavya se sahamata the aura isIliye bhArata meM mAnavatAkI rakSA ke liye Age bar3he the / 576 etaddezaprasUtasya sakAzAdagrajanmanaH / svaM svaM caritraM zikSeran pRthivyAM sarvamAnavAH // ( manu ) saMsArabhara ke loga bhAratavarSa ke brAhmaNoM se apanA apanA mAnavocita caritra sIkhA kreN| bhAratIya RSiyoMke samAna unakA bhI yaha dRDha vizvAsa thA ki yaha mAnava sRSTiAsurikatAko krIDA karane deneke liye nahIM banI kintu apane sraSTAke asurikatAka anadhikAra aura duHsAhasako paga pagapara vyartha karane. vAle abhiprAyako preraNA se vyakta huI hai / mAnavasRSTi ke vidhAtAkI yaha hArdika kAmanA hai ki AsurikatA ke viruddha manuSyatArUpI devI saMpattikI samarayAtrA vijayazrI se maNDita ho / cANakya ke mAnasa meM pratyeka kSaNa yahI pavitra dhvani gUMjatI rahatI thI ki maiMne vidhAtA ke isI abhiprAyako sArthaka karanekA nimittamAtra bananeke liye hI bhAratameM deha dhAraNa kiyA hai / mere deva dhAraNakA isake atirikta anya koI prayojana nahIM hai / bhArata ke vaidika yuga se lekara cAroM vedoM tathA vedAnta Adi samasta jJAnabhaMDAroMmeM jo jJAnanidhi saMcita hai vaha saba mujhe pratyeka kSaNa yahI preraNA de rahI hai ki tumheM isa rASTrIya kartavya se vimukha hokara eka bhI zvAsa lene kA adhikAra nahIM hai| tuma bhAratavAsiyoMkI manobhUmiko hI apanA karmakSetra yA karmabhUmi mAna lo / isaliye mAna lo ki tuma vivekI ho I kartavyakA bhAra vivekI DIke pAsa rahatA hai / vivekI hI kisI bhI sacce rASTrakI zakti hote haiM / bAjakA bhAratavAsI vizvasAmrAjya ke ekacchatra samrAT manuSyatA nAmavAle jIvita ArAdhya bhagavAnUkI upekSA kara rahA hai aura alIka astitva rakhanevAle kalpita IzvarakI pravaMcaka kalpanA se bahakakara vyaktigata jIvana meM moha rakhanevAlA kapaTa dhArmika AsurI zaktikA samarthaka banakara kartavyabhraSTa banA huA hai / Page #604 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Aya cANakyakA itivRtta 577 cANaka pare dekhA ki bhArata sAvitako janmabhami hai| bhArata ke eka prAntase dUsare bAta taka, eka chorale dUsare chora taka, basA huA samasta manuSya. samAja mAdhyAmika svataMtratAkA pyAmA hai| bhAratakA pratyeka manuSya apanI kalpanAmika la ra ka pahuMja! calA sAratakA pAri. vAri saMgaThana tAlima ( 41 kI hAra karake calatA hai / bhAratakA zrima manuSya he kAma tAkI vijayA phairAnA cAhatA hai / ma sabakucha hone para bhI mAranakA dhyAhimakatA bhrAntikI jA rahI hai| yaha dembara cANakyaka sanane yasakatanya. truddhi jAgI ki hAlAta ko zizibAnAkI hai aura kucha nApa kiyA thA ki dacAra kA nAma sayAsmikatA yA jJAna kA ki subhAva kA jo vayantra hai vahI to adhyArama jJAna hai| bhArata zrAdhyAtmikatAko janmabhUmi holA hulA sImAvArika jJAnase dUra haTatA jA rahA hai jabaki adhyakatAkA 85 vadArika jAnase alaga koI bhI mUlya nahI hai| bhArata kAlimama mAnava sAmAjika kartavyoM. para sAdhArita na kara mAnava jAtivyahInatA kI ora bhagA le jA rahA hai / bhAratama varNAzrama dharma ke nAma para karmaNya kA bolabAlA hotA calA jA rahA hai| samAja itanA veicArazIla ho gayA hai ki usane samAjake prati apanA koI uttaradAdhidha na mAnanevAlI naSkamya nAmako sthitiko zreSTatA de DAlI hai, eka kAlpani AdhyAtmikatA banA lI gaI hai aura usIko apanA dhyeya banA liyA hai| karmasaMnyAma jAmako sthitine bhAratIya manuSyoM ko kartavyahIna jhuMDoM ke rUpa meM parivartita kara DAlA hai| jisa gAIsthya dharmakA lakSya samAjakA sAmUhika kalyANa karanA thA, bhrAnta mAdhyA. smikatAke pracArane upakA baha lakSya na rahane dekara pratyeka gRhasthako karmasaMnyAsakA pratIkSaka banA DAlA hai| 37 cANakya.) Page #605 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi bhAratakA gAIsthyadharma samAja kalyANakI upekSA karane lagA hai| jisa gArhasthya dharmako sAmAjika mokSakA upAsaka honA cAhiye thA vaha usakI upekSA karake vyaktigata mokSa nAmaka alIka lakSyako apanAkara varNAzrama dharmakI kalpanAke mukhya lakSya sAmAjika zrRMkhalAkA saMrakSaka na rahakara usakA ghAtaka bana gayA hai / bhAratakA pratyeka manuSya kartavyahIna hokara naiSkamryasiddhi nAmaka mokSakA pratIkSaka banakara sAmAjika hitoM kI bhorase mukha moDa baiThA hai / vyaktiyoMse hI samAja banatA hai / jaise vyakti hote haiM vaisA ho samAja hotA hai / eka tila tela de sakatA hai to samasta dila taila de sakate haiM / eka sikatA taila nahIM de sakatI to samasta vitAnoMse bhI tela prApta nahIM ho sakatA | 578 vyakti adha:patita hoM to samAja bhI adha:patita hotA hai| vyaktikA adhaHpatana samagra samAjakA adhaHpatana hotA hai / samAjakA adhaHpatana rAjya vyavasthAkA patita banAye binA nahIM maantaa| patita rAjyavyavasthA sampUrNa rASTrako nirbala manuSyatAle dona tathA rASTrIya kartavyoMse udAsIna banA DAlatI hai / aise udAsIna rASTrakA rAjA rASTrako patitAvasthA meM rakhatA aura prajAkI sukhasuvidhAkA cora tathA ghAtaka bana jAtA hai / cANakyakAlIna bhArata meM bhI rAjA prajAkA pitAputravAlA pavitra saMbandha vikRta ho cukA thA / prajAko kevala dhanotpAdanakA yantra mAtra mAna liyA gayA thA aura rAjA prajAke dhanoMkA saMrakSaka na rahakara apahAraka bana gayA thA | ye saba taba bhAratakI Amyantarika nirbalatAyeM thIM jo cANakyakA marmaccheda kara rahI thIM / 0 bhAratakI isI Abhyantarika nirbalatA ke avasara para sikandara bhAratapara AkramaNa kara baiThA / sikandarakA lakSya pahale to parvatakakA aura phira magadhakA siMhAsana lekara bhAratakA samrAT bananA thA / kyoMki bhArata meM ye hI do mukhya zaktizAlI rAjA the| cANakyane sikandarake pazcimottara bhAratapara kiye jAnevAle bhAkramaNako rokaneka liye magadharAjakI sevAmeM svayaM upasthita hokara yaha sujhAva lenekA prayatna kiyA thA ki " pazcimottara bhAratakI Page #606 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Arya cANakyakA itivRtta 579 rakSAmeM sahayoga denA magadha kI hI rakSA hai / pazcimottara bhAratake nAgarikoMpara honevAlA atyAcAra magadhake nAgarikoM para hI atyAcAra hai| nAgarika cAhe pazcimottara bhAratakA ho yA dakSiNakA, dezake pratyeka sacce nAgarikakI dRSTi meM vaha atyAcAra samasta rASTrapara atyAcAra hai / dezake kisI bhI prAntake nAgarika para honevAle atyAcArakA damana samasta samAjako saMgaThita zaktise kiyA jAnA caahiye|'' parantu saMkIrNa dRSTi magadharAja prAntIyatAke paMkameM sanA huA thA / usapara isa sujhAvakA koI prabhAva nahIM pddaa| yaha dekhate hI cANakya ke kartavyazastrako eka nayA moDa le lenA pddaa| taba cANakyake sAmane isase bhI bar3A rAjanaitika kartavya mA upasthita huaa| mAdharAjakI ho nahIM dezabhara rAjAloM ko rAhI saMkINa mAnasika sthiti tho| dezake rAjAoMkI isa mAnasika sthiti ko dekha kara cANakyako nizcaya karanA par3A ki dazabharakI saMpUrNa buddhiko sumArgapara lAye vinA bhAratakI rakSA asaMbhava hai| abataka cANakyake rASTrarakSA saMbandhI bayAnoM meM aMzata: zAkhA siMcanakI sthiti apanAI huI thii| cANakya ko bhArata rakSA ke saMbandha meM magadharAjakI bhorase nirAza hone hI zAkhA siMcanako nIti tyAga denI par3I aura usake sthAnapara bhUla pAcana kI nIti mukhya rUpase apanA lenI pddii| dUsare zabdoM meM unheM bhArata ko eka rAyakA rUpa dene kA nizcaya karanA pdd'aa| kyoMki aisA kiye binA bhArata ke uddhArakA anya koI mArga zeSa nahIM raha gayA thaa| unheM dIkhA ki deza meM kahIM bhI rASTrIya uttaradAyitva kAma nahIM kara rahA hai| jabataka dezakai ghara gharameM jAkara dezake logoMko gapIya uttaradAyitvakA jIvita pATha nahIM paDhAyA jAyagA tabataka rASTra saMgaThana asaMbhava hai / jabataka deza ke choTe rAjAoM kA apanA apanA alaga alaga rAga alApanA banda nahIM kiyA jAyagA aura jabataka rASTrako eka mahAkArya ke rUpameM saMgaThita nahIM kara liyA jAyagA tabataka rAjyavyavasthAko samAjakA saMrakSaka nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| Page #607 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi aba dezavAsiyoM ko rASTrIyatA likhAnAhI ekamAtra kartavya apanI anivAryatA lekara cANakya ke sAmane lA upasthita huaa| usa samayakai dezake saubhAgya se bhAratavAsiyoM ko sIyAkA jI! 3tya pAra dene ke liye candragupta kI zAniyako sudhAra lAkI senAke liye hAtha joDakara na rine / "yIzA saMbaMdhI pratyeka yojanA a mAndAra ra candraguH / vrata bana gayA 5 / cAya aura da hA tAsAzaniyokA bhUtapUrva mamilanA 1 pAne vAle nirdezA. nupAra sikandara IrAna RE ko hI 15 mA mAkara IrAna kI sahAyatA ke liye ko ka nAbanAyA thaa| cAgala kI cAzayati samarpamko jo bhAvanA thI vaha usakA eka niSkAma karmayapAlana thaa| mamarpaNa kilI mAvI mautika lAbha ke liye nahIM kiyA gayA thaa| parantu IzvarIya vyavasthAkI bhacintya icchAse isa jAmasamarpaNo meM candragata ko bhArata kA samrATa hI nahIM banA diyA kintu saMsAra bharake samrATole bhI adhika yazAnI banA DAlA / IrAna meM sikandarase apanI azvaka senAmoMko lajAle ke pAsa se candrakA pratyeka saMgrAma bhArana manuSyatA tathA rASTrIyatAko jagAne kI hI dRSTi se kiyA jAne lagA thaa| candragupane apane jIvana meM jitane saMgrAma kiye sabameM saMpUrNa bhAratakI jAgrata manuSyatA kA pUrA sahayoga milane lagA thA / candra gaptane apane rAjanaitika prayatnoM meM dhArmikatAko pramukha sthAna diyA thA usake kAraNa isa dharmaprANa deza meM jamake liye anukUla vAtAvaraNa prastuta ho cukA thaa| yahI kAraNa thA ki deza meM usakI pratyeka samara yAtrAko vijaya milanA sunizcita hogayA thaa| ___ anathaka karmavIra cANakyane bhAratave dhara gharameM yaha bhAdarza phailA diyA thA ki karma-sanyAsakA Adarza rAmaghAtI hone ke kAraNa AdhyAtmikatA nahIM hai| dharmako jaMgaloMkI guphAoM meM bhAsmaprakAza ja karake use rASTra meM hI Atma. Page #608 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Arya cANakyakA itivRtta 581 prakAza karake rahanA caahiye| karmasaMnyAsa yA pAralaukika carcA manuSyatA ghAtI karmavimukhatA hai / manuSya ko karma tyAganA nahIM hai use toDa le sudhA. ranA hai| use bhaviSya nahIM sudhArakA use to kevala apanA vartamAna sudhA. ranA hai / manuSyakA karmakSetra bhaviSya nahIM hai kintu vartamAna hI manu yakI kartavya bhUmi hai| manuSya vyaktigata mokSakI lIka kalpanAko tyAga de aura rAma-kalyANameM hI ramalyANa samajhakara apane Apako rASTra sevA lagA de yahI mAnava-dharma hai| cANakyako dIkha rahA thA ki bhAjake bhAratake dvArapara pazcimakI mleccha zakti bhAratako Adacyuta karake bhAratIya manuSyatAko padAlita karane ke liye upasthita hai| cANakya bhArata ke logoMko samajhA rahA thA ki pazcimottara bhArata ke manuSya samAra hone vAlA yaha mAkramaNa bhAratako manuSyatA aura rASTrIyatA para sAkramaNa hai| pratyeka bhAratavAsI isa mAkramaNako apanI homapyatA tathA samIyatA para mAkramaNa mAnakara isase lohA lene ke liye dharmata: bAdhya hai| jo bhArata. vAsI apanI manuSyatA tathA rASTrIyatAko rakSA ke nAmapara jAtatAyIse lohA lene ke liye dhArmika dRSTise vivaza hai vahIM sacyA mAdhyAmika hai, vaha sacAnoti. mAna hai aura yahI saccA zUravIra hai / manuSyatA hI rASTrIyatA hai| manuSyatA hI mAnavakA mArAdhya satyasvarUpa Izvara hai| naitikatA hI manuSyatAkA saMrakSaNa karane vAlI hai / kyoMki manuSya samAja meM kahIM kahIM bhI kisI para honevAlA mAsurI lAkamaNa saMpUrNa rASTrabharakI manuSyasApara AkramaNa hotA hai, isa. liye saMpUrNa rASTrakA pratyeka mAnava usa bAsurI bhAkramaNa kA damana karane ke liye jisa dhArmika dRSTile baMdhA huA hai vaha dhArmika bandhana ho saccI sAdhyA. smikatA, saccI naitikatA aura saccI zUra vIratA hai|' cANakya ke ye upadeza usa samayake bhAratIya samAjameM uparavAna na hokara zraddhAke sAtha suna liye gye| candra guptane cANakya ke nirdezAnusAra bhAratako kevala zastra bala se hI saMgaThita nahIM kiyA kintu bhAratake manuSya samAjapara zastrabalase bhI kahIM adhika zaniH rakhanevAle mananta zaktisampanna Page #609 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi ghaTaghaTavAsI satyasvarUpa viveka bhagavAnke dvArA saMgaThita kiyA, dezakI kapaTa AdhyAtmikatA nAmavAlI kartavyavimukha bAsurI pravRttiyoMko parAjita kiyA aura deza meM phailI huI apanI rAjyasaMsthAko sudRDha banAne aura use sudhAra kara rakhanekI orase utpanna huI dIrghakAlIna udAsInatAko mUla se miTA ddaalaa| usa udAsInatAko mUlasahita miTAkara deza meM rASTrIya puruSArthako jagAyA aura jagAte jagAte samagra bhAratake mAnava-samAjako apane sAtha kara liyaa| cANakyane jo bhAratapara vijaya pAI use kevala rAjanaitika vijaya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vaha vijaya jitanI rAjanaitika hai usase kahIM adhika mAdhyAtmika vijaya kahA jA sakatA hai| itihAsa meM cANakyakI AdhyAtmika vijayake pramANa vidyamAna haiN| cANakya. kA zipya candragupta magadhake siMhAsana para ArUDha honese bhI pahale samadrase himAlaya parvatavAsI mAnava-samAjake hRdayakA samrAT bana cukA thaa| candragupta bhAratameM zraddhA, prema tathA snehakA bhAsana pA cukA thaa| yahI cANakyakI AdhyAtmika vijaya thI / yahI kAraNa thA ki loga candragupta ke nAmase saMtramta na hokara prema tathA kRtajJatAse usake zAsanako zirodhArya karane lage the / kyoki cANakya kA Adarza bhAratavAsiyoM ke hRdaya meM sthAna pA cukA thA isaliye bhArata meM candragupta kI vijayake pariNAmasvarUpa susaMgaThita rASTrIya tAkA janma ho gayA thA / kyoMki susaMgaThita rASTra-nirmANakA bhAdarza manuSya tAkA saMrakSaka hotA hai isa kAraNa vaha bhAdarza jagat bharake liye vareNya mAdarza hai / isa dRSTi se cANakyane bhAratake hI nahIM saMsAra bharake manuSya samAjako nirdhAnta rAjanaitika dRSTikoNa denevAle mArga-darzakake rUpa meM jo pratiSThA pAI hai cANakya usake sarvathA upayukta the / Arya cANakyakI nIti Adarza rASTra, mAdarza rAjacaritra, tathA susaMgaThita bhakhaMDa bhAratIya sAmrAjya ina tIna bAtoMkI sthApanA karanA cANakyakI kalpanAmeM thA / yaha mahApuruSa mapanI ina tInoM kalpanAmako mUrtarUpa denemeM una dinoM jaba ki bhAjake Page #610 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Arya cANakyakI nIti vaijJAnika AviSkAroMkI suvidhAeM nahIM thIM kevala caubIsa varSameM pUrNa rUpase saphala hubhA thaa| unhoMne candragupta mauryameM mAdarza rAjacaritrakA nirmANa karake dikhAyA aura usIke mArgadarzana ke liye kauTalIya arthazAstrakI racanA kI / unhoMne Adarza rASTra nirmANakI dRSTi se bhAratake apane apane kSudra svArthoM ke liye Apasa meM laDate, jhagaDate choTe-choTe rAjyoM ko eka vizAla zaktizAlI rASTra ke rUpameM badalA aura usakI zAsana-vyavasthAko sucArurUpase calAneke liye arthazAstra ke rUpameM eka nirdoSa vidhAna banAkara prastuta kiyaa| bhAratake prAcIna saMskRta sAhitya meM koTalIya arthazAstrakA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| usa samaya unakA yaha mahAn grantha bhAratake pratyeka prAntakI pAThavidhiyoM meM svIkRta ho cukA thaa| ___ isa grantha ke sambandhameM jarmana vidvAn belorenane likhA hai- 'arthazAstra eka aise pratibhAvAna mastiSkakI upaja hai jo na kabhI lakSyabhraSTa ho sakatA hai aura na vizRMkhala hI aura yaha grantha rAjanaitika vicAradhArAkI parAkASThAko pahuMcA diyA gayA hai / ' isa granthameM rASTra ke svadezI tathA videzI nAgarika sAmarika, vyAvasAyika, vyAvahArika, arthanaitika, rAjasvika tathA nyAya Adi rASTra-nirmANa tathA samAja saMgaThanase sambandha rakhanevAle samasta sAvazyaka viSayoMkA pUrNa mArgadarzana karAyA gayA hai / isameM ina saba viSayoMpara supa. riSkRta DhaMgase vicAra kiyA gayA hai / cANakyane isa granthameM sthAna sthAnapara jisa prakAra manu, bRhaspati, auza. naza, bhAradvAja, vizAlAkSa, parAzara, pizuna, koNapadanta, vAtavyAdhi, bAhudantIputra Adi AcAryoM ke matoMkI aneka sthAnoMpara tulanA kI hai / unakI tulanAse yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki prAcIna bhAratameM samAja tathA rASTra saMbaMdhI viSayoMpara bhale prakAra vicAra bhI hotA thA aura ina viSayoMke adhyayanakI eka jIvita paramparA bhI thii| unhoMne pUrvAcAryoMke matoMkA ullekha karate hue / neti kauTalyaH '' neti cANakya: ' mAdi zabdoM meM jipa prauDhatAse apane matakI sthApanA kI hai usase inakA bhAtmavizvAsa pUrNa niHsaMdigdhatA Page #611 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi prakaTa hotI hai| inhoMne jahAM arthazAstra kA uddhAra kiyA vahAM vighaTita honese nirbala paDa gaye hiMdu rAjyataMtrako eka zastra ke nIce lAkara sabala hindU rAjyakA rUpa dekara hindU rAjanItimeM nIna jAna DAla dI thii| usa samaya meM choTe-choTe hindU rAjA kalahoM tathA vyasanoMmeM phaMse rahate the| deza meM ekatAkI sthApanA karane vAlA koI zAsana nahIM thaa| cANakyane manuSya samAjako saba prakAra kI sAmAjika vyAdhiyoM se mukta kara diyA thA aura deza ko kalyANa tathA akhaNDazAntikA avyartha rAjamArga dikhAyA thaa| cANakya kI kalpanA dezadroha manuSyaramAjakA kalaMka hai : isa kalaMkako dhonA pratyeka rASTrapremIkA pavitra kA hai ! cANakyane dekhA ki prabhutAke logoM ko dezadorA bIja vidyamAna hai| saccA rAjA bana ne ke liye yaha anivArya rUpa se vazyaka hai ki vaha prabhutAkA lobhI na hokara saccA samAjasevaka / cANage apane samasta rAjanaitika prayatnoMke dvArA isI satyako mAno sAno rakkhA thA aura rakhakara rAjAoM ko ta? Adarza rAjya nazA rASTrako Adarza samAja banAne kI kalA sikhAI thii| rAjAnamuttiSThabhAnamanuniSTante bhRtyAH / pramAdyantamanapramAdyanti / karmANi cAsya bhakSayanti / dvidbhizcAtimadhIyate / tasmAdutthAnamAtmanaH kurvIta / rAzAM hi vratamutthAnaM yajJa kAryAnuzAsanam / dakSiNA vRttisAmyaM ca dIkSitasyAbhiSecanam / prajAsukhe sukhaM rAjJaH prajAnAM tu priyaM hitam / tasmAnityotthito rAjA kuryAdAnuzAsanam / arthasya mUlamutthAnamanarthasya viparyayaH / anutthAne dhruvo nAzaH prAptasyAnAmatasya ca / prApyate phala mutthAnAlabhate cArthasampadam // arthazAstra 1-19 Page #612 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Arya cANakyakI nIti yadi rAjA apane kAma meM tatpara ( mustaida ) ho to amAtya Adi saba bhatya apanA apanA kAma ThIka ThIka karate haiN| yadi rAjA mAlastha kare aura apanA rAjadharma na pAle to amAya lAdi bhutya bhI apanA apanA kartavya karane meM pramAda karane lagate haiM aura rAjAkA salevAkArya kara DAlate haiN| taba zatrabhoM ko rAjAko abhibhUna karane kA avasara mila jAtA hai| isa. liye rAjA rAjadharmapAlana ke sammAna meM sadA hI sajaga aura ribana rhe| rAjA sajaga tathA kaTibaddha rahane ke liye marane dinako dirzaka zAsanasambandhI kaThora aTala baMdha meM bAMdhakara ko udhogatapara kaTibaddhatA hI rAjAkA vrata hai| vyavahAranirNaya ho jAtA hai| zAsana zAke sambandhameM zatra mitra sabapara samaSTi hI rAjAkA kaa| jAsukhameM hI sajAkA sukha hai / prajApa kitane hI rAjAkA hita hai| rAjAkA sapanA koI vyaktigata hita nahIM hai| prajAkA priya hI rAjAko hi / ina kAraNoM se rAjA nityodyogI mahakara ayaMgyavahAra kre| udAra bhI karata kA ekamAtra upAya hai| anuTokA narthaka mUla hai| lasya ke kAraNa udyoga na karane para rAla tathA AgAmI (bhAvya ) donoM ayojanoMkA nizcita vinAza ho jAtA hai| udyogamA hI phala milatA hai aura artha pani pra! hotI hai / udyoga tInoM kAlo hilakArI hai| isa prakAra cAkyo rAjAkA prajAse malA svArthI anitya miTAkara use samAjasevakakA lAghanIya sthAna diyA hai| cANakya kI sAmrAjya kalpanA svecchAcArI ekatantra kahalAne vAle kisI bAki yA ilAkA zAlana nahIM hai| usakI sAmrAjya kalpanA no sampUrNa manu samAjakA svAdhIna zAsana hai| cANakya ke mantAnusAra rAjAmeM vicArazIla gRhastha samAna vyavasthA sambandhI samasta guNa hone cAhiye / use rASTravyavasthA ke nAmapara eka kAMDI bhI vyartha naSTa na hone denA cAhiye / use apanI aANita prajAko apane pArivArika sadasyoM kI bhAMti baDhI cintA tathA satarkatA se kama eke zAsana meM rakhanA cAhiye / use prajAko satyake zAsana meM rakhane ke liye svayaM dharmake mArgapara calanA cAhiye aura apanI prajAke sAmane apane satyAcaraNoMkA Page #613 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 586 cANakyasUtrANi sudRSTAnta upasthita karake logoMko sanmArga para calaneke liye utsAhita karanA cAhiye / use rASTrIya kartavyapAlanameM pratyeka kSaNa saceta rahanA caahiye| vizvAsaghAtI zatruoM kI ceSTAoMko vyartha karane ke liye pUrA sAvadhAna rahanA cAhiye / prajApara anucita karabhAra nahIM lAdanA cAhiye / prajA tathA rAjakarmacAriyoM ke samasta AcaraNa vizvasta gaptacaroM ke dvArA dekhe bhAle paDatAle jAne cAhiye / prajAmeM gRhakalaha nahIM hone denA cAhiye / prajApara rAjakarma. cAriyoM tathA rAjasabhAke sadasyoM ke atyAcAroM ko miTAne tathA rAjavidrohakA damana karane ke liye prabhAvazAlI prabandha rakhanA caahiye| apane rAjyakI rakSAkA sudRDha prabandha karake paDosI zatrurAjyako apane vaza meM rakhanA bhI rAjAkA rASTrIya kartavya hai / zatruoM ke sAtha milakara rahanA yA unheM apanA sahayogI banAnA nItihIna AcaraNa hai| cANakyakI yaha nIti pratyeka kAla meM saba dezoMke liye mAnya hai| bhAratakI yahI rAjanIti hai| bhAratakI yaha rAjanIti vaidika yugakI prAcInatAkA ThIka hI abhimAna karatI hai| isaliye karatA hai ki cANakyane zruti smRti purANoM meM daNDanItike nAmase ullikhita rAjanItiko apane arthazAstrameM saMkalita karake bRhaspati, bharadvAja, vizAlAkSa, vAtavyAdhi mAdi AcAryoMke siddhAntoMko bhI usameM saMkalita kiyA hai| unhoMne samAjasaMgaThanake Adarza ko hI manuSyamAtrake dhArmika jIvanakA utsa (mRla, jharanA) mAnakara sAdhu rAjAko usa AdarzakA saMrakSaka banAyA hai / apane rAjasameM jitendriyatAko rakSA karanA hI rAjAkA mukhya kartavya svIkAra kiyA hai| sabhAsadoM, purohitoM, mantriyoM, senApatiyoM tathA dRta Adike caritroMko jitendriya tAkI kasauTI para kasane ke liye tIkSNa nirIkSaNa karate rahanA rAjAkA anivArya kartavya batAyA hai| yahI unakI rAjanItikI vedAnukUlatA hai / jitendriyatA hI vedakA sarvasva hai| rAjazaktiko samAjakI anivArya AvazyakatA batAyA hai| samAjameM rAja. zakti na rahane se samAjakI mAnavocita karmaNyatA naSTa ho jAtI aura mAlasya tathA apavitratA samAjake deha aura AtmA donoM ko naSTabhraSTa kara DAlate haiN| Page #614 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Arthika samAjaracanAke doSa jaise manuSyakI vyaktigata kAmAsakti usakI dRSTiko aMdhA banA detI aura use indriyoM ke dAsa banAkara choDatI hai, isI prakAra rAjAkI ajitendriyatA rAjya meM bAhya zatruoM ko AnekA nimantraNa dekara rAjAko parAdhIna banA detI hai / apanI indriyoMko vazameM na rakhanevAlA rAjA sAgaraparyanta bhUbhAgakA adhipati hotA huA bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai / mantriyoM kI ajitendriyatA tathA anucita mahatvAkAMkSA bhI rAjazaktikA prabala zatru honeke sAtha sAtha dezapara vipatti Ane kA bhI prabala kAraNa hotA hai / isaliye cANakyane mantriyoM kI yogyatA ke liye sadvaMza, vidyA, dUradRSTi, jJAna, sAhasikatA, vAgmitA, buddhi kI prakharatA, utsAha, svAbhimAna, cAritrika nirmalatA, AdarzaniSThA, AtmasaMyama tatparatA tathA daDhacittatAko kasauTIke rUpameM batAyA hai / mantrI loga inhIM guNoMke AdhArapara samAjako saccI vyAvahArika AdhyAtmikatA tathA suzrRMkhalAke baMdhana meM rakha sakate haiM / isa Adarzase hIna mantriyoMkA dezadrohI aura rAjadrohI ho jAnA anivArya hai / usa samayake dezakA yaha saubhAgya thA ki samudra se himAlaya taka suvi stIrNa bhAratIya sAmrAjyakI urvara bhUmimeM samAjakI saMgaThita zaktise dhanasaMpata utpanna karake dezameM sukhazAntiko avicchinna gaMgA bahAnekA AcArya cANakyakA supanA sAkAra ho gayA thA aura unake vyAvahArika mAdhyAtmake pracArake prabhAva se deza meM dharmarAjya sthApita ho gayA thA / candragupta usakA putra bindusAra tathA pautra azoka cANakyakalpita dharmarAjya ke sthApaka hone hI ke kAraNa saMsArabharake sammukha nyAyaniSTha zAntipriya rAjacaritrakA bAdarza rakhane meM samartha hue the / Arthika AdhAroMpara samAjaracanA ke doSa Arthika AdhAroMpara samAjakA punarnirmANa karanA cAhanevAle loga saMsAra meM adhika saMkhyA meM haiM / parantu ye loga nahIM vicAra pAte / Arthika AdhAroMpara samAjakA punarnirmANa karanese deza meM svArthI pravRttiyoMko anivArya rUpase baDhAvA milatA hai aura antameM avyavasthA aura pApako phailane se rokA hI 587 Page #615 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 588 cANakyasUtrANi nahIM jA sakatA / isa kAraNa samAjakA punarnirmANa artha ke AdhArapara na karake satya tathA nyAyake AdhAra para karanA cAhiye / satya tathA nyAyake mAdhArapara samAjakA punarnirmANa karane se hI bhAdarza 21 karitrakA nirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai / nyAya tathA satya ke lAdhArapara samAja kA punarnirmANa kiye binA dezako zAdarza caritravAlA rAjA nahIM mila sakatA / kauTalya jo una dinoM AsetuhimAcala bhAratako dhala chAlatA phira rahA thA usameM usakA yahI mahAn uddezya thA ki logoM ke sAmane satya aura nyAyake AdhArapara samAjaraMgaThana karake deza ko Adarza rAjA dekara vyAvahArika rUpameM samajhA diyA jAya ki dekho sAdarza rASTra caritra tathA Adarza rAjacaritra banAnekI yahI ekamAtra vishi| kaura mukha bhArata ke baMdhanahIna chinnalina samAja kI dayanIya avasthA upasthita yo / bhArake choTe-choTe gaNarAjyoM ko durbalatAoMne cANa. kyako vyakti ra DAlA thaa| vaha apane deza ke samasta gaNarAjyoM ke samma lana eka suparicAlita vimAla rAjyakI tathA unIke sAtha usa vizAla rAjyake saMcAlaka suyogya rAjAko AvazyakatA anubhava kara rahA thaa| vaha dekha rahA thA ki yadi dazake liye koI eka pratApI rAjA na chAMTa liyA gayA to itane vizAla manuSyasamAjakA chinnabhinna bane rahanA anivArya aura naSTa ho jAnA nizcita hai| cANako mAnavasamAja ke dhvaMsako rokane ke liye varmAtramAnukUla dagaDanIti ke dvArA samasma samAjako saMgaThita karake nItimAna banAye rakhane kI AvazyakatA pratIta huii| unheM dIyA ki kisI kendravartI rAmAke hAthoM meM zakti diye binA eka saMskRtivAle isa dezakI daNDanIti prabhAvazAlI nahIM raha sktii| ve yaha bhI bhalI prakAra samajhate the ki dezakI daNDanItikA jahAM zAlitoM tathA zatruoMke Upara prabhAvazAlI rahanA Avazyaka hai vahAM usako zAsakoMke kAra prabhAvazAlI banAkara rakhanA usase adhika Avazyaka hai / daNDanIti ke zAsakoMke Upara pabhAvazAlI banakara rahane se hI zAsana yantra suparicAlita Page #616 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Arthika samAjaracanAke doSa meM raha sakatA yA zApita loga nItisarI para raha sakate haiM | yadi daNDanIti zApaka logoMke Upara apanA jAva nahIM ho sakegI to rAjyasaMsthA anivArya rUpa navina do jAyagI jI samAjake bar3e loga choTokokta kA DAsa cANakya hA tatkAlIna bhAratakA aneka gaNarAjyoM meM vibhaktA hI sArI sAmUhika dArdike prAhurmuhAnekA vighna banA huA thA 589 usa mamaya bhAratIya rAjya zarava bAI Adi bhinna apane adhyAtmika Adarzase bhI ladhika bhitra sampradAyoM ke prabhAva lAye hue aura isI samajhe hue asAmAjika Adarzako rAjanaitika mahatva dete the / isa kAraNa dezakI rAjanIti bhI patra ho rahI thI / yaha saba dekhakara cANakyako sAmrAjyanirmANakA yahI matsara Adarza upa yukta pratIta huA ki tarArA Upara bhI eka kendriya rAja daNDa sthApita karake deza ke rAjanaitika Adarzako rakSA kI jaay| dezameM ina samasta gaNarAjyoMko kisI eka rAjapalAye binA sarakI sAmUhika rakSA nAmakA kartavya se kisI bhI prakAra nahIM palavAyA jA sakatA | cANakyako spaSTa pratIta ho rahA thA ki prAntIya yA sthAna vizeSase sambandha rakhanevAlI saMkIrNa dRSTi rAkhanevAle gaNarAjyoMko bharako cintA rakha sakanevAlI kisI zakimatI prabhudattAke AjJApAlaka banAye vinA vaha sAmrAjyanirmANa kisI bhI prakAra nahIM ho sakatA jo isa sama ke bhAratIya rASTrakI anivArya bAvazyakatA hai| ve mAnate the ki dezabhara ke logoM meM apane vyaktigata jIvanake liye uttaradAyi paidA ho jAnA hI sAmrAjyanirmANakI mukhya AdhArazilA hai| Arya cANakyako dezameM isa uttaradAyitvako jagAnA Avazyaka dIkha rahA thaa| naitikatA hI mAnavajIvanakA sAra hai| mAnavajIvanako sAra naitikatAko apane vyAvahArika karma kSetra meM surakSita rakhanA hI samAjakalyANakArI vyaktigata uttaradAyitva hai| isa uttaradAyitvako rASTrake sAmane yuktipUrvaka upasthita karake rASTrase svIkRta karA lenA cANakyakI saphala nIti thI / ve Page #617 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 590 cANakyasUtrANi samajhate the ki manuSya hRdayapara vijaya dilAnevAlA brahmAstra yukti hI hai, balAtkAra nahIM / ve manuSyakI spaSTa jJAnazakti tathA tIkSNa buddhivRttiko dI aisA avyarthaM hathiyAra samajhate the jisase bAhya pratikUla paristhitiyoM ko parAbhUta kiyA jA sakatA hai / ve apanI spaSTa jJAnazakti tathA sutIkSNa buddhivRttiko hI sadA kAmameM lAte the / Arya cANakya meM ina abhUtapUrva guNoMne jaisA pUrNa AtmavikAsa pAyA thA saMsArake ividvAna meM vaisA vikAsa pAne. vAloMkA prAyaH abhAva pAyA jAtA hai | cANakyane guNajanya AtmavizvAsa ke kAraNa hI apane tInoM mahAn uddezya pUre kiye the / bhAratameM jo rAjanaitika zaktikA sUtrapAta huA vaha cANakyako buddhike hI kAraNa huaa| usI sU pAtake kAraNa bhArata azoka ke samaya pahalI bAra saMsArako saphalatA sAtha zAntiprema aura bhrAtRbhAvakA sandeza sunAne yogya banA | hindusAra tathA azoka donoM ke yazakI pRSThabhUmi bhI Arya cANakyakI pratimA hI thI / isa dRSTise cANakyako na kevala bhArata ke pratyuta saMsArabharake itihAsake atyanta mahatvapUrNa yugakA pravartaka kahA jA sakatA hai } cANakyane Adarza rATra, yAdarza rAjacaritra tathA akhaNDa rASTranirmANa nAmaka apane tInoM mahAn uddezyoMko pUrA karaneke liye bhArata para honevAle videzI AkramaNako vyartha karanA zrAmyantarika dezadrohiyoMko miTAnA tathA vyakti gata svArthaddIna Adarza samAjako saMgaThita karanA Avazyaka samajhA aura apane saphala prayogoM se bhAratavAsiyoM ko ina saba bAtoMkI vyAvahArika zikSA dI ! yadi ve dezadrohiyoM ko dezadroha karanekA avasara dete rahate, dezako videzI AkramaNoMkI saMbhAvanAko na miTA DAlate, deza tathA usake pratyeka grAmako videziyoMse pRthak pRthak svatantra rUpa se lohA leneke liye prastuta na kara dete, deza meM vyaktigata svArthabhAvanAko phUlane phalane dete to deza se rASTrasevA nAmakA mAnavadharma palavAyA nahIM jA sakatA thA / rASTrasevAmeM ye tInoM kartavya atyAjyarUpa se rASTrasevAyeM sammilita hai / jisa rASTrameM dezadrohI loga haiM jo rASTra videzI AkramaNa yA lUTako vyartha nahIM banA sktaa| jisa rASTra ke grAma zatruoM ke mArga paga pagapapratirodhake liye sannaddha nahIM hote, jisa rASTrakA manuSyasamAja apane vyaktigata svArthIko samAjake sahasama svArthameM vilIna Page #618 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Arthika samAjaracanAke dASa karanA nahIM jAnatA, jAna lo ki usa rASTrameM rASTrasevAkA sthAna sUnA paDA huA hai / jAna lo ki vaha rASTra asuroMkI svecchAcAritAkI krIDAbhUmi bana cukA hai| Ajake bhAratavAsIko cANakyase rASTrasevAkA yahI maddatvapUrNa pATha paDhanA hai / 591 apane samAja se alaga manuSyakA koI mUlya yA astitva nahIM hai / manukA jo samAja hai vahI to usakA rASTra hai| rASTra do rAjyasaMsthAkA karNadhAra hai / rASTra hI rAjAkI kalpanA nirmANa aura niyukti karatA hai| rAjAkI bhrAnti tathA duSpravRttiyoMko rokanA rASTrarUpI rAjyasaMsthAke karNavArakA hI kAma hai | yadi rASTra apanI rAjyasaMsthA rUpI naukAko lene meM voDAsA bhI pramAda karegA to isa naukAkA DUba jAnA kyA apane saba yAtriyoM ko DUbaneke liye vivaza karanA nizcita ho jAyagA / isaliye kauTalyane rAtrasammata jitendriya rAjAko samagra rASTrakA pratinidhitva karanekA adhikAra diyA hai aura usIke kaMdhoM para sampUrNa rASTrakA naitika tathA vaijJAnika donoM prakArakA uttaradAyitva sauMza hai | unakA yaha sudRDha vizvAsa thA ki jaise saMpUrNa prANiyoM ke padacinha hAthIke paira meM samA jAte haiM isI prakAra saMsArake samasta dharma rAjadharmake udara meM samA jAte haiM / rAjadharma samasta dharmokA saMrakSaka hai / jisa dezakA rAjadharma surakSita rahatA hai usIkI samasta prajA dhArmika raha sakatI hai | yadi rAjadharma surakSita yA vyavasthita nahIM rahatA yadi vahna lUlA, laMgaDA, aMdhA, baharA banakara rahatA hai to rAjacaritrakA anukaraNa karanevAlI prajA dharmamArgapara nahIM raha sakatI / cANakyako jo bhArata akhaNDa rASTrakA nirmANa karane kI preraNA milI thI vaha eka to bhAratapara bAhyazatruoMke AkramaNako haTAne, dUsare usa AkramaNameM Antarika dezadrohI zatruoMkA sahayoga milanA asaMbhava banA dene kI AvazyakatA se milI thI / bhAratapara videzI AkramaNa hote hI bhAratakI rAjanaitika rugNAvasthA rASTravaidya cANakyase chipI nahIM raha sakI / unhoMne spaSTa dekha liyA ki Page #619 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yaakhaali mita sapA sindhake choTe choTe gaNarAja tathA vahAM kI svataMtra jAtiyAM saMgaThana hInatAse kisI bhI mahatvAkAMkSI pazu ke sAmane sira jhukAne ko stuta haiM / dezakI yaha zocanIya sthiti deza ke vijJa logoMko kATekI bhA~ti cubha rahI thii| sar3I ke 24 ki deza kI rakSA ke nAmapara deza ke zuddha zudra jyoM ko ka la zazimAlo sAmrAjya ke rUpameM pariNA kara alane kA prastAva nA ko bAre mA meM samarthana bhI milane lAyacA hA nirvAcita ra zikSita candraguptako kevala Adhunika kAmaTahI nAkArabharakA carmakI nIMga para suprati ghara ghale (le. sAmAja meM mAna mArya ca le 43 55121 22 bhArata ra 1 vAtAvaraNa candra gupta ke sabATa banane ke anukUla bana cukA thaa| isa anukUla vAtAvaraNAne candragupako gIya krAntikA agradUta tathA vijayI netA banA DAlA ne magadha ke siMhA. janapara ati sugamatAse adhikAra pratiSTita karane ke pazcAta anya bhI rahatasI samarayAtrAoMmeM vijaya pAkara eka vizAla sAmrAjya banA liyaa| vaha na kevala linnabhinna bhAratako apitu bhArata sImAse bAhara taka ke manuSyasamAjako ekatAkI dharmapradhAna Dosa meM bA~dhane meM saphala ho gayA thaa| candragupta ke pazcAt usake putra bindusAra tathA pautra azokane deza meM itihAsAta naI rASTrIya cetanA utpanna karake mAnavajAtikI unnati ke liye bhArata ke dharmamUlaka rAjanaitika Adarzako lasAra ke sAmane lA saDA kiyaa| cANapakI dezabhaktiko Adarza hI azokakI saccI dezabhaktikA kAraNa banA / cANakyako azoka ke mahAn vyaktitvakI bhUmikA kahanA atyukti bhAcArya laoNTalya 2 ja caritra tathA mAnavadharmameM koI bheda nahIM mAnate the / ve ina donoM ko abhinna mAnate the| unake vicAra ke anusAra rAjA nyAyakA avatAra, dharmakA pravartaka tathA manuSyatAko sAkSAt mUrti hai| rASTra meM dharmakI Page #620 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Arthika samAjaracanAke dApa 593 rakSA rAjAkA hI uttaradAyitva hai| nyAyapUrvaka prajAkI rakSA hI rAjadharma hai / unakI dRSTi meM vidhAtAne jo mAnava sRSTi banAI hai vaha naitika mAdarzakI rakSA hI ke liye banAI hai / Ajake saMsArane jo Adarza apanA rakkhA hai use to pazuoMne bhI apanA rakkhA hai| ise apanAne meM mAnavakI koI vizeSatA nahIM hai / ise apanAnese to usakI pazutA hI vikasita huI hai| isameM usakI mAnavatAke vikasita hone kI koI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai / cANakyakI yaha hArdika abhilASA thI ki saMsArakI rAjasaMsthAne mAnavatAko phUlanephalane denevAle isI prAkRtika niyamake AdhArapara pratiSThita hoN| cANakya varNAzrama dharmake prabala samarthaka the / ve dezakI rAjanItiko varNAzramadharmake anukUla banAye rakhane meM hI samAjakA kalyANa samajhate the| unakA vizvAsa thA ki manuSya kA rAjanaitika jIvana usake naitika jIvanase bhinna nahIM honA cAhiye / unake anusAra rAjanaitika jIvana tathA naitika jIvanameM sudRDha ekatA honI caahiye| ve mAnate the ki rAjasaMsthA samAjako zRMkhalAmeM taba hI rakha sakatI hai jaba vaha apane vyavahArameM bhI naitikatAke bhAdarzako akSuNNa rakhe / isa dRSTi se rAjanItiko mAnavadharmase alaga rakhanA mAcArya kauTalyake siddhAnta ke viruddha thA / unakA vizvAsa thA 'dharmAya rAjA bhavati na kAmakaraNAya ' ta rAjA isaliye rAjA nahIM banA ki rAjyaizvarya pAkara kAmabhogoMmeM phaMsa jAya / vaha to svayaM dharma karane tathA rASTra meM dharmakI sthApanA karane ke liye rAjA banA hai / cANakyakA rAjA uttaradAyitvahIna svecchAcArI rAjA nahIM hai| cANa. kyake rAjAkA to duganA uttaradAyitva hai| vaha prajAko dharmacyuta na hone dene ke liye bhI samAjake sAmane uttaradAyI hai aura svayaM bhI dharmarata rahaneke liye samAjake sAmane uttaradAyI hai| nyAya hI prajA yA sampUrNa rASTrameM zRMkhalA banAye rakhanevAlA dharmabandhana hai / vyakti samAjase alaga apanA astitva nahIM rkhtaa| vyaktikA kalyANa bhI samAjake kalyANase alaga koI vastu nahIM hai / cANakya ke nirdezAnusAra jIvana bitAnekA icchuka vyakti 38 ( cANakya.) Page #621 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 594 cANakyasUtrANi apane vyaktigata sukhoMpara maranevAlA bhoga lobhI vyakti nahIM hai| vaha to apane ko sAmAjika zRMkhalAlI rakSAmeM lagAye rakhakara samAjameM apanA sammAnapUrNa sthAna banAye rakhane liye sapasvI jitendriya jIvana bitAne ke liye bAdhya hai| cANakya ke siddhAntameM vyaktigata svataMtratA nAmakI aisI koI sthiti nahIM hai jo dharmakI sImAko lAMghanekA duHsAhasa kara sakatI ho| ve dharmako mImAke bhItara hI dhyAnakI svataMtratA mAnata haiN| cANakya prajAko jIvanarakSA saMbandhI pratyeka AvazyakatA pUrI karanekI pratyeka suvidhA dana rAjAkA kartavya mAnate haiN| unake vicAra ke anusAra rAjA paneko janatAkA sevakama smjhe| samAja ke prabhAvazAlI jJAnI loga apaneko janatAke abhibhAvaka mAne aura banakara raheM / rAjA samAja ke prabhAvazAlI jJAniyoMkA sahayoga pAye vinA, svecchAcArasaM rAjazaktikA prayoga na kareM / kATalyako rAjyasaMsthA samAjako saMtrasta, napuMsaka tathA nItihIna banAnevAle daNDabhaya (pazuzakti ) para Azrita nahIM hai kintu samAjake svataMtra kartavyaparAyaNa tathA naitikatArUpI zAntike mArgapara ArUDha kara dene. vAlI buddhizakti para Azrita hai| rAjAkA prajAke sukha tathA kalyANameM hI apanA sukha tathA kalyANa DhUMDhanevAlA honA cAhiye / apanA vyaktigata sakha rAjA nAma pA jAnevAlekA sukha nahIM rahatA, kintu prajAkA sukha hI rAjAkA sukha bana jAtA hai / kauTalyake rAjAkA katavya hai ki vaha jIvanabhara prajAke sammukha indriyavijayI hokara apanI saccI kalyANabuddhi tathA samAjako hita. kAmanAke pramANa jIvanabhara upasthita kiyA kare / kauTalyake anusAra rAjA hI rAjyakA mukhya nAgarika hai| kyoMki kauTalyakA rAjA prajAse yogya tama nyakti mAnakara chAMTA hA vyakti hai isaliye usameM nAgarikatAke saMpUrNa guNa apanI pUrNAvasthA taka vikAsa pAye hue hone cAhiye / isI kAraNa rAjA rASTrakA mukhya nAgarika hai| vaha nAgarikatAmeM to prajAke sAtha milA rahatA hai parantu rAjyAdhikArakA prayoga karate samaya nyAyamUrti rAjAkA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai / vaha nAga. rikatAmeM prajAke sAtha milA rahakara hI rAjabhogakA adhikArI banatA hai| Page #622 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ rAjAkI dinacaryA 595 kAmAsakti, krodhakI adhInatA, lobhagrastatA, dambha, madyaruci, auddhatya mAdi doSa rAjAke parama zatra haiN| rAjAko mRgayA, juA, madyapAna, kAmabhoga, mAdi pralobhanoMse pagapagapara baDI sAvadhAnIse apaneko bacAye rakhanA cAhiye / rAjA janakalyANake kAmameM truTi karanese daNDakA bhAgI bana jAtA hai| ajJAna aura asaMyama ( arthAt anubhavahInatA aura svArtha ) ye donoM rAjyasaMsthAko naSTa karanevAlI vyAdhi hai / bhAramasaMyama sIkhanA hI rAjacaritra nirmANakI mukhya sAmagrI hai / sacce rAjAko mAnavatAke mahAn mAdarzakA upAsaka honA cAhiye / mAnavatA ke mahAna lAdazaMkA upAsaka hue vinA kisIko rAjA banane kA adhikAra hI prApta nahIM hotaa| rAjAko rAjya ke anubhavo vRddha, jJAnI logoM ke saMparka meM rahanA cAhiye / isaliye rahanA cAhiye ki zAsana kI jaTila samasyAoMkA samAdhAna karane meM anubhavI vRddhoM kI buddhi tathA anubhavase lAbha uThAyA jAya / rAjAko sadAcArI anubhavo vRddhoMke anubhavoMse lAbha uThAnevAlA ziSya banane ke liye indriyavijayI bhI bananA cAhiye / manuSyako saccA manuSya banAnevAlI saMpUrNa zikSA indriyavijaya para hI mukhyatayA mAzrita hai| rAjA apaneko yogya rAjA banAye rakhane ke liye apane Apako aTala dinacaryAke kaThora bandhanameM bAMdhakara rakkhe / vaha apane dina ke pratyeka bhAgako kartavya se bharapUra rakkhe. aura bar3I zraddhAse dinacaryAkA pAlana kiyA kare / rAjAkI dinacaryA dinarAtako solaha nalikA ( DeDha ghaMTA ) meM bAMTakara dinake ATha bhAgoM (bAraha ghaMToM)ko kartavyoMse bharA rakkhe / rAjyake mAyanyayakA nirIkSaNa nAgarikoM tathA unakI suvidhAoMkI dekhabhAla, snAna, mAramacintana, vaidika anuSThAna, bhojana, svAdhyAya, rAjasva grahaNa, rAjakarmacAriyoM ke kartavyoM kA nirI. kSaNa, maMtriyoMse rAjakAryoMkI mAlocanA, guptacaroMse dezavidezake samAcAroMkA saMgraha, cittavinoda, hAthI, ghoDe, ratha tathA padAti senAmoMkA nirIkSaNa senApati ke sAtha saMgrAmasaMbandhI kAryavAhiyoM kI mAlocanA karake dinake mantameM Page #623 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi sandhyopAsanA kare yaha rAjAkA dainika kartavya hai| rAtameM guptacaroMse dezavidezake samAcAra sunakara sAyaMkAlIna snAna, bhojana tathA svAdhyAya samApta karake zayanagRhameM praveza kare aura cauthe yA pAMcaveM yAmameM madhura saMgItake sAtha nIMda choDakara upasthita dinake bhAvI kartavyoMkA cintana kre| sUryo prase pahale hI guptacaroM ko kartavya sauMpakara purohitoM tathA AcAryoMse bhAzIrvAda lekara vaidya, sUpakAra tathA jyotiSI se svAsthyasaMbandhI AlocanA kare / isake pazcAt gomAtA, govatsa tathA hala jotanevAle bailoMkI parikramA tathA praNAma karake rAjasa bhAmeM upasthita ho| rAjA dhyAna rakheM ki rAjasabhAmeM kabhI bhI prArthIko rAjadvArapara anucita pratIkSA na karanI paDe / rAjadarzanArthIko darzanakI pUrI suvidhA na denese janatAkI ghRNAkA pAtra bane rAjA dharmakAryoM, vaidika anuSThAnoM, go-sevA, tIrthasevA, zizu, vRddha, rogI, nArI tathA asahAyaAdikI sevAke liye nyaktigata rUpameM udyama kare / atyAvazyaka kartavyoMko usI kSaNa kare ! isa liye kare ki sahajasAdhya karma bhI samaya bIta jAnese duHsAdhya ho jAte haiM / kartavya tatparatA hI rAjAkI dharmaniSThA hai kartavya sasampanna karanA hI usakA yajJa hai / prajA samaSTi rakhanA usakI pavitratA hai| prajAke sukhameM hI usakA sukha hai| usakI samRddhi meM hI usakI samRddhi hai| rAjA apane vyaktigata sakhako tabataka sukha na mAne jabataka vaha prajAke liye bhI sakhakara na ho / isaliye rAjA kartavya parAyaNatAko hI apane rAjyaizvaryakA mUla mAne, isake viparIta kartavya hInatAko rAjyakA dhvaMsa samajhakara usase bace / rAjAkI dinacaryA rAjAke aindriyaka bhogoMko avasara denevAlI na rahakara prajAke kalyANa sAdhanake uddezyako pUrI karanevAlI honI cAhiye / rAjA bhI ho aura prajAkI raSTimeM durAcArI, anaitika, dhRSya, vyaktigata sukhAnveSI bhI ho yaha paraspara vyAhata kalpanA hai / yadi rAjA sacce arthameM rAjA hai to usakA prajApAlanake atirikta vyaktigata sukhAnveSI bananekA to prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| prajAse pUjA pAne yogya samasta guNoMse yukta honA hI rAjAkI Page #624 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ rAjAkI dinacaryA 597 yogyatA hai| apane maMtriyoM tathA rAjakarmacAriyoMko kartavyake mArgapara rakhanA unheM katanyamArgase tilamAtra bhI idharase udhara na hone denA rAjAkA hI uttaradAyitva hai| rAjAke pAsa isa uttaradAyitvako pAlaneke liye aise vizvAsI guptacara hone cAhiye jinakA kAma rAjAko rAjyasaMsthAkI bhapavitratAke viruddha sAvadhAna karanA ho / dhArmika rAjAmavizvAsya maMtriyoM, dezadrohI prajAoM tathA zatruoMko ucita rUpameM daNDa deneke liye jisa kisI upA. yakA sahArA lenA ucita samajhe vahI rASTrahitakArI honese satyAnumodita ho jAtA hai / jitendriya hokara saba prakAra ke adhArmika AcaraNoMse apaneko bacAye rakhanA rAjAkA vyaktigata kartavya yA puruSArtha hai / prajAhitakI dRSTise duSToM ke sAtha duSTatA karake bhI unakI duSTatAko tatkAla roka denevAle saba prakArake zAsakocita vyavahAra karanA rAjadharma ke anukUla hai| samAjadrohI, dezadrohI pravRtti daNDase hI saMyata rakkhI jA sakatI hai / jitendriya loga hI zAsanadaNDakA ucita prayoga kara sakate haiN| rAjyasaMsthA hI ekamAtra vaha zakti hai jo daNDaprayogase manuSyakI samAjadrohI pravR. ttiyoMko saMyamameM rakhakara use vivaza kara sakatI hai ki rASTrakA pratyeka vyakti sArvajanika kalyANa kara sakanevAlI nItiko apanAye / sarvo daNDajito loko durlabho hi zucirnaraH / saMsArake loga daNDabhayase hI kartavya karate aura akartavyase bacate haiN| apanI mAbhyantarika preraNAse kartavya karate aura akartabdha se bacane vAle zuciloga saMsArameM hote to haiM parantu durlabha hote haiN| isaliye rAjA daNDako sadA dI jagAye rakkhe / isaliye rakkhe ki daNDa hI ekamAtra aisA brahmAstra hai jo rASTako to saba prakAra kI vipattiyoMse tathA zAsakoMko kuzAsanarUpI kartavyabhraSTa tAse bacA sakatA hai / isaliye jabataka manuSya-samAja daNDa dhAriNI rAjyasaMsthAke rUpameM susaMgaThita nahIM ho jAtA tabataka koI bhI rASTra rASTrIya jIvanakA Ananda nahIM bhoga sktaa| nyAyakI rakSA daNDapara hI mAzrita hai| yadi nyAyasaMsthA ke sAtha daNDasaMsthA na ho to nyAyakA koI mUlya nahIM rahatA, daNDa hI nyAyya bAtako mAnaneke Page #625 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 598 cANakyasUtrANi liye vivaza karatA hai / rASTrameM nyAyakA balidAna ho jAnese rASTrakA vinAza avazyaMbhAvI ho jAtA hai / kyoMki nyAyakI rakSA hI rAjyakI rakSA hai isa liye nyAyakI rakSA hI rAjA aura rAjasattAkA sAra hai / bhalebure kI pahacAna karanA hI nyAya hai / zAsaka zAsita donoMke kalyANakA eka honA hI rAjya saMsthAkA nyAya hai / kauTalIya arthazAstra nyAyake zAsanako hI satyakA pratIka mAnatA aura usakI rakSAko hI rAjadharma batAtA hai / rAjyasaMsthA prajAke kalyANa ke liye aise niyama pracalita kare jo samasta vizva ke mAnanIya zraddheya vivekakA pUrA pratinidhitva karate hoM / rAjaniyama banAnevAloM meM na to bhrama ho na pramAda ho aura na kisIkA adhikAra chInanekI lobha yA dveSI durbuddhi ho / bhramiSTha, pramAdI, svArthI, vipralipsu, anubhavahIna loga rAjaniyamoM ke nirmAtA tathA nirvAhaka na banane pAMya / rAjaniyama spaSTa bhASA meM hoM / yadyapi kauTalyane rAjyazAsanameM rAjAkA ekAdhikAra svIkAra kiyA hai parantu unhoMne rAjAko janatAkA sevaka bananeke bandhanameM rakhakara siddha kara diyA hai ki rAjA rAjyapara janatAkI prabhutA svIkAra kare, rASTraseM janatA ke hI zAsanako prabhAvazAlI banAkara rakkhe aura apane vyaktitvako prajAkI sadicchArmo meM bilona kara DAle / apane vyaktitvako janamata meM vilona karake rAjyazAsana calAnA hI kauTalya kI rAjyasaMsthA yA rAjAkA vAstavika svarUpa hai / isa rUpase kauTalyakA rAjA to vAstava meM janatA hI hai / janatAkA asa ntoSabhAjana ho jAnA to rAjAkI ayogyatA hai / zatrudamana hI kauTalya ke nyAyakA svarUpa haiM / rAjA jitendriya honepara hI nyAyaniSTha raha kara zatrudamana kara sakatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kAma, krodha Adi Antarika zatruoM para vijaya pAnA hI rAjAko nyAyaparAyaNa banAnevAlI yogyatA hai / nyAyI rAjA zatrudamanake liye jo kucha kAma karatA hai vahI nyAya kahalAne lagatA hai / prajApAlana hI rAjAkA rAjadharma hai / prajApAlanakI vidyA hI rAjAkI daNDanIti hai / jaba rAjAko prajApAlanake liye zatrukI Page #626 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ rAjAkI dinacaryA pratAraNA, hatyA mAdi mAvazyaka krUra ( kaThora ) upAyoMkA avalambana karanA paDatA hai taba vaha samAjake anyAyaparAyaNa zatruoMse jo bartAva karatA hai vaha nyAyakI paribhASAmeM bhAjAtA aura samAjakalyANakArI hojAtA hai / kilI karmakI sadoSatA yA nidoSatA karma ke bAhya mAkArameM na rahakara usakI preraka bhAvanAmeM rahA karatI hai / samAjakalyANakI bhAvanA svayaM hI itanI zuddha hai ki pApiyoM ko diyA hubhA vadhadaNDa usakI pavitratAko kisI bhI rUpameM khaNDita nahIM kara sakatA / pApiyoM ko daNDa denevAlA rAjA ahiMsaka hI rahatA hai| hatvApi sa hamA~llokAn na hanti na nivadhyate / (bhagavadgItA) tatpApamapi na pApaM yatra mahAn dharmAnubandhaH / (nItivAkyAmRta) yadi rAjA anyAyI logoM ko ucita daNDa dene meM pramAda karatA hai to vaha zatruoMse lAkrAnta hue vinA nahIM rhtaa| rASTra, samAja tathA vyaktiyoMke zatruoMke viruddha prabhAvazAlI upAyoMkA avalambana karanA hI prajA. pAlana hai| imI dRSTi se use 'zaThe zAThyaM samAcaret ' kI nItikA avalambana karanA par3atA hai aura usake liye use pUrNa rUpase kAryakuzalatA tathA pratyeka kSaNa jAgarUka rahanA paDatA hai| kucha logoMne cANakya ke hRdagata abhiprAya ko na samajhakara use kuTila nItivAlA kahakara nindA kI hai aura cANakya saMbandhI satya chipAyA hai / kucha loga mAja bhI usakI upekSA karanA cAhate haiM / ye saba ve loga haiM jo deza meM cANakya nItika mAnya ho jAnese hAni uThAnekI sambhAvanA dekhate haiM / cANakya to 'zaThe zAThayaM samA. caret ' yA 'mAyAcAro mAyayA vartitavyaH' kI nIti ke prabala samarthaka the| cANakya zaThoMse sadA hI zaThatA kiyA karate the aura karavAnA cAhate the| ve kisIkI zaThatAkA samarthana karaneko bhI zaThatA mAnate the aura bhUlakara kisIkI zaThatAko apanA koI samarthana nahIM pAne dete the| zaTha loga aise cANakya kI nindA kareM aura usase zatrutA rakkheM to isameM Arya kyA hai ? vAstavikatA yaha hai ki cANakyakI nindA unake nindakoM ko hI zaTha siddha kara detI hai| Page #627 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 600 cANakyasUtrANi jo bartAva ziSTake sAtha ziSTAcAra hai duSTake sAtha usake viparita paziSTa dIkhanevAlA vyavahAra hI cANakyakA ziSTAcAra hai| unake matAnusAra jisa ziSTAcArako pAnekA kevala ziSTako adhikAra hai use duSTako de denA ziSTake prati aziSTa vyavahAra hai, satyakA droha hai, anyAya hai tathA duSTakA pakSAvala. mana karanA rUpI duSTatA bhI hai / nyAya daNDa hI rAjadaNDa hai / samrAT candragupta candragupta kA prArambhika rAjanaitika jIvana pazcimottara bhAratake nivAsI lagabhaga 20 varSIya yuvA azvaka nAmaka kSatriya jAtike choTeme adhipati ke rUpameM prAraMbha huA thaa| antameM to vaha apanI vicakSaNa pratibhA, dezabhakti. tathA ananya sAdhAraNa vikrama ke kAraNa na kevala bhAratakA samrATa bana gayA thA pratyuta pRthivIkA asurabhAra uttama utAranevAle viSNukA avatAra taka kahA jAne lagA thA / vArAhImAtmayonestanubhavana vidhAmAsthitasyAnurUpAM yasya prAgdantakoTiM pralayaparigatA zizriye bhuutdhaatrii| mleccharuddhajyamAnA bhujayugamadhunA pIvaraM rAjamUrteH sa zrImAn bandhubhRtyazcirabhavatu mahIM pArthivazcandraguptaH // * jaise pralayameM DUbI huI pRthvIne kalpake prAraMbhameM bhUrakSAsamartha mAdibarAha bhagavAnakI daMSTrAmeM mAzraya liyA thA, isI prakAra aba mlecchoMse udve. jyamAna bhUmine jisa candragupta rAjAke bhujAoMmeM Azraya liyA hai vaha candraguptarUpadhArI bhAdi viSNu bhAratabhUmikI rakSA kare' / isakA artha yaha humA ki pRthivIne mlecchoMke AkramaNase bacane ke liye viSNuke avatAra candraguptaka bhujAmoMkI zaraNa lI thii| use avatAra mAnanekA kAraNa hI yaha thA ki mlecchasaMhAriNI zakti hI bhAratameM vaiSNavI zakti mAnI jAtI rahI hai| tyaktasvadharmAcaraNA nighRNAH prpiiddkaaH| caNDAzca hiMsakA nityaM mlecchAste hyvivekinH| Page #628 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sAmrATa candragupta 601 gomAMsakhAdako yastu viruddhaM bahu bhASate sarvAcAraparibhraSTo mleccha ityabhidhIyate / apanA dharmAcaraNa tyAga denevAle kyAhIna, parapIDaka, krUra, hiMsaka, avivekI mleccha kahAte haiM / gomAMsa khAnevAle mArya mantavyoM ke viruddha bolanevAle mAcArahIna loga mleccha kahAte haiM / bhAratIya bhASAmeM manuSya samAjamese manuSyatAko vilupta karanevAle loga AtatAyI, asara, mleccha, rAkSasa Adi nAmose kahe jAte haiM / ina nAmoMse kahe jAnevAle zatruoMko AtatAyIke rUpameM vadhya mAnA gayA hai| manuSyasamAjameM jo samaya samayapara avatAra bhava. tIrNa hote haiM ve isa masuradalasaMhAriNI zatruvinAzinI zaktiko lakara hI hote haiM / yahI avatArakI paribhASA hai| yadA yadA hi dharmasya glAnirbhavati bhaart| abhyutthAnamadharmasya tadAtmAnaM sRjAmyaham // ( bhagavadgItA ) bhAratake logoMne jaba kabhI kisIko mlecchadamana yA asurasaMhAra karate dekhA hai taba hI unhoMne use avatAra nAma dekara manuSyasamAjameM sarvocca pUjya sthAna diyA hai| ina avatAroMke manoMkI asura saMhAra karanevAlI bhAvanA hI viSNu hai / "bhAva hi vidyate devaH / ' viziSTa samAjasevakoMkA deha virAT samAjakI sevAkA karmayantra honese samAjameM avatAra nAmase pUjA jAne lagatA hai / avatAra vaiSNavI zaktikA yaMtra mAtra hotA hai| yantrako yantrIko AvazyakatA hotI hai| yantrIke binA yantra hotA hI nhiiN| jaba hama bhAratakI bhUmile asarabhAra utArane ke saMbandha meM pAnI kRtajJatA prakaTa karanA cAhate haiM taba candragupta ko viSNu ke avatAra nAmase sammAnita karate haiM / jaba hama candraguptako avatAra ke nAmase sammAnita karate haiM taba use cANakyase alaga nahIM rakha sakate / jaba hama candraguptako viSNukA avatAra mAnate haiM taba bhAcArya cANakya ko sAkSAta viSNu kahanA par3atA hai| vipra cANakya kI rAjanaitika sUjhabUjhane candraguptake dehameM mAkara kSAtrarUpa dhAraNa kara liyA thaa| mAcArya viSNuguptakI samasta rAjanItika yojanAmoko mUrta. rUpa denA candraguptakA hI kAma thaa| Page #629 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 602 cANakyasUtrANi mAcArya viSNugapta tathA candraguptakA yaha milana veda aura dhanuSakA yA brAhma tathA kSAtrazaktiyoM kA abhUtapUrva saMgama thaa| candraguptake jo zauryavIrya raNakSetrameM avatIrNa hue the aura vahAM jo usane mlecchonmUlana kiyA thA unake sAtha padapadapara cANakyakI pratibhA lagI huI thI / vAstavameM candragupta cANakyake hAthakA yantra mAtra thaa|' nimittamAtraM bhava savyasAcin' vAlI ghaTanAne eka bAra bhAratameM phira apanI punarAvRtti kI thii| cANakya yantrI the aura candragapta unake hAthakA yantra thaa| candragata kI cAritrika zreSThatAne usakI itanI bar3I sahAyatA kI thI jo paikaDoM senAoMse bhI nahIM ho sakatI thii| usakI cAritrika zreSTatAne zatrurAjyoM taka kI prajAko usakA bhakta banA diyA thaa| isase use sAmrAjyavistAra meM akathanIya sahA. yatA milI thii| kabhI kabhI vipattiyAM bhI saMpatti barasAne lagatI haiN| vipattiyAM sadA vinAza hI ke liye nahIM aatiiN| sikandarane jo bhAratapara mAkramaNa kiyA thA, vahI bhAratameM cANakya tathA candraguptake avatAroMkI joDIke prakaTa honekA kAraNa banA thA aura usI mAkramaNane bhAratIya sAmrAjya ke nirmAgakA bIja bhI boyA thA / yadi sikandarane bhArata para AkramaNa na kiyA hotA to nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki cANakya aura candragatakI joDI mAra. tako milatI yA na miltii| isa dRSTi se to yaha mAkramaNa bhAratake liye eka mahAtaradAna bana gayA thaa| yaha ghaTanA hAnise lAbha dilAnevAlI bana gaI thI / sikandarake prAkramaNane Arya bhAratakI prAcInatama mAryasabhyatAke sAtha pAzcAtya anArya barbaratAkA saMgharSa utpanna kara DAlA thaa| candragupta naMda vaMzakA nahIM thA mudrArAkSasa nATakake nimna uddhata prakaraNa dekhanese mAnanA paDatA hai ki usakA nandoMse koI kauTumbika sambandha nahIM thA / use jo nandavaMzakA dAptIpuna kahA jAtA hai vaha mithyA kalpanAmAtra hai| Page #630 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ candragupta naMda vaMzakA nahIM thA 603 1 aho rAkSasasya nandavaMze niratizayo bhaktiguNaH / sa khalu kasmiAzcidapi jIvati nandAnvayAvayave vRSalasya sAcivyaM grAhayituM na zakyate / (aMka ) rAkSasa nandakula meM atyanta sneha rakhatA hai| vaha nizcaya hI naMdavaMzake kisI bhI vyakti ke jItejI candraguptakA maMtrI nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| 2 rAkSasaH- utsannAzrayakAtareva kulaTA gotrAntaraM shriirgtaa| (aMka 6) lakSmI AzrayahIna kulaTAsI banakara dUsare gotra ( candragupta ke gotra) meM calI gaI / arthAt candragupta nanda gotrakA nahIM thaa| 3 vajralomA-- nandakulanagakulizasya maurya kulapratiSThA pakasya AryacANakyasya / ( saMka 4) ajeya nandakularUpI parvata ko bhI chinnabhinna kara DAlanevAle vinAzaka vajra tathA mauryakulake pratiSThApaka mArya cANakyakA isase bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki yaha nanda vaMzakA nahIM thA / 4 rAjA ( candraguptaH ) kimataH paramapi priyamasti? rAkSasena samaM maitrI rAjye cAropitA vayam / nandAzconmUlitAH sarve kiM kartavyamataH param // aMka 7-17 ) rAjA ( candragupta ) kahane lagA- guruvara cANakya ! isase adhika aura kyA priya ho sakatA hai| Apane rAkSasase maitrI karA dI, mujhe samrAT banA diyA, saba nandoM ko naSTa kara ddaalaa| isake pazcAt aba karanA hI kyA hai ? 5 candragupta kI rAkSasase prathama bheMTa ke samaya rAkSasakA vyavahAra batAtA hai ki usane taba yuvaka maurya samATko prathama vAra hI dekhA thaa| yadi candragupta magadhavAsI tathA nanda vaMzakA hotA to rAkSapako usase pahale se hI pUrNa paricita honA cAhiye thaa| use usako dekhakara AzcaryAnvita nahIM honA cAhiye thaa| Page #631 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi rAkSasaH ( vilokyAtmagatam ) satyaM aye ayaM candraguptaH ? aMka 7 ) 604 sacamuca kyA yahI candragupta hai ? 6 sikandara ke AkramaNake samaya candragupta pazcimottara bhArata meM thA aura IrAna jAkara usase laDA thA / vahAM vaha sikandara virodhI vidrohakA netRtva kara rahA thA / vaha una dinoM kaThinatAse bIsa varSakA thA / vaha itanI choTI avasthA meM magadha se jAkara vahAM itane prabhAvazAlI kAma kabhI nahIM kara sakatA thA / yadi vaha magadhanivAsI hotA to yaha gaMbhIra prazna hotA hai ki isa bIsa varSake yuvakane siMdhu nadIke pazcimakI saba jAtiyoM ko thoDe samaya meM kaise saMgaThita kara liyA ? sudUra magadha se Aye yuvakake liye sindhaka AsapAsa ke gaNarAjyoMkA isa prakAra abhUtapUrva DhaMgakA bhAtmasamarpaNa samajha meM AnevAlI bAta nahIM hai / vAstavikatA yaha hai ki ina logoMne apane meM se hI ekako zaktizAlI pAkara usake prati AtmasamarpaNa kara diyA thA jo saMyoga se candragupta thA / isa prakAra vaha siMdhu nadIke AsapAsa kahIMkA nivAsI thA / 7 jaba candraguptakI senAoMne magadha para AkramaNa kiyA thA taba usake sAtha yavana, pArasIka, bAlhIka, kAmboja senAyeM bhI laDane ke liye AyI thiiN| yadi vaha magadhakA nivAsI hotA to itanI choTI avasthAmeM usakA ina pradezoMse senA pA lene yogya prabhAva hone kI bAta sahasA samajha meM nahIM bhAtI / asti tAvat zaka - yavana - kirAta - kAmboja - pArasIkabAlhIka prabhRtibhiH cANakya-mati parigRhItaiH candraguptaparvatezvaravalaH udadhibhiriva pralayoccAlitasalilaiH samantAt uparuddhaM kusumapuram / ( aMka 2 ) 6 candragupta tathA parvatezvarakI pralaya meM uchalate jalavAle sAgaroMke samAna cANakya buddhi-saMcAlita zaka, yavana, kirAta, kAmboja, pArasIka, bAlhIka Adi senAoM ne kusumapurako cAroM ora se ghera liyA hai| ina saba varNanoM se spaSTa hai ki candragupta naMda vaMzakA nahIM thA / ' Page #632 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ candragupta naMda vaMzakA nahIM thA candraguptake zAsana ke viSayameM pAzcAtya aitihAsikoMke lekha tathA candraguptakI rAjasabhAmeM selyUkasakI orase dUta ke rUpameM niyukta hokara bahuta dina bhArata meM rahanevAle megAsthanIjake vivaraNa hI pramANa rUpameM milate haiN| una varNanoMke anusAra candragaptakA rAjya suvyavasthita rAjya thA aura prajA sukhI thii| prajAkI sukhasamRddhi tathA zAnti batA rahI thI ki rASTrameM candra * guptakA vyaktisva rAjya nahIM kara rahA thA kintu candragaptakA mArAdhya nyAya hI isa vizAla sAmrAjyako calA rahA thaa| usa samaya bhAratameM corI, DAke, luNThana, nyabhicAra, dezadroha, cATukAritA, cugalI, IrSyA, dveSa, mithyA, mahatvAkAMkSA, prabhutAlobha nahIM thA tathA mithyA pracAroMse janatAko dhokA dene tathA lokamatakA galA ghoTaneke liye patrakAritA tathA netApana nAmavAlI ThagIke vyavasthA vyavasAyakA to nAma yA cihna taka nahIM thaa| candragupta nizcita samayapara nyAyAlayameM upasthita hokara nyAya kI surakSA tathA anyAya miTAne kA santoSa svayaM liyA karate the| megAsthanIjake varNanake anusAra candragupta itane kartagyalIna rahate the ki dina meM sote taka nahIM the / nyAyAlaya meM pratidina niyamase jAkara vahA~ ghaNToM beTha. kara kAma karate the / janasAdhAraNa svayaM unake samakSa upasthita hokara apane abhiyoga upasthita kiyA karate the / prajAko candraguptake sammukha upasthita hone ke liye kisI vicIliyeko kisI prakArako ghusa nahIM denI paDatI thii| prajAkA candraguptase vyaktigata saMparka hone meM koI rokaToka nahIM thii| candra gaptakI dinacaryA batAtI hai ki dinabhara zAsanake kAmoM meM lIna rahatA thaa| vaha brAhmamuhUrtameM zayana tyAgakara sabase prathama rAjamahalakI dekhabhAla karake nyAyAlayameM jAyA karatA thaa| usa samaya vahAM nyAyArthI loga upasthita humA karate the| unase milane ke liye kisIko anucita pratIkSA nahIM karanI paDatI thii| kisI bhI darzakake samayakA apavyaya na honeke liye usakI bAtapara dhyAna dekara use santuSTa kiyA jAtA thA / usake pazcAt ve snAnavandanAdi karake bhojana karate the| madhyAhnake samaya mantriyoMke zAsana vibhAgoM kI dekhabhAla tathA unase parAmarza karate Page #633 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi the| isake pazcAt do ghaNTe khela mAdise citta vinoda kiyA karate the| tIsare pahara senAkI dekharekha karake sAyaMkAlako rAjAmoM tathA rAjadUtoMse milA karate the| ve rAjakArya meM bhrAnti yA TAla kabhI nahIM karate the| unhoMne sAmrAjyakI zaktivRddhi tathA janasAdhAraNakI sukha samRddhi ke liye bahutasI vizAla yojanAoMko kAryarUpameM pariNata kiyA thaa| bhAratakI cAroM dizAoMmeM chAyAvAle vRkSoMse bhAcchAdita vizAla rAjamArga banavAye the jinapara thoDI thoDI dUrapara kUpa tathA pAndhazAlAye banavAI thii| rAjyAmara yAtA. yAtakI sarvatra suvyavasthA thii| khetoM meM jalasiMcanakA uttama prabandha thA / unhoMne saurASTrako sudarzana nAmaka jholake samAna bahutaso jholeM tathA nahare banavAI thiiN| pATaliputrakI mahAstikAoMkI zobhA saMsArabharameM uttama yo / candragupta ne nApane tolane ke bATa sAre deza meM suvyavasthita karAye the| nyavasAyakI sagamatAke liye sone cAMdIkI mudrA, yAtAyAtakI suvidhA, maMDI bAjAra mAdikI suvyavasthA bhI kI thii| antarrASTrIya vyApArakI unna. tikA bhI suprabandha kiyA thA / jalAzaya khudavAne, khAnoM tathA jaMgaloMkI upajako ucita DhaMgase nikalavAne, pazuoMkI jAti ( nasala ) ko unnata karane para bhI dhyAna diyA thaa| manuSyoM tathA pazuoM kI cikitsAke liye cikitsAlaya tathA mAturAlaya banavAye the| candraguptakA vizAla hRdaya ativRSTi, anAvRSTi, TiDDI, cUhe Adi prAkRtika prakopoMke viruddha prabandha thaa| manAtha baccoM, striyoM tathA daridroMkA duHkha miTAne ke liye saba samaya sannaddha rahatA thaa| candraguptane rASTriyazikSAke vistArakA vibhAga apane hI hAthoM meM rakkhA thaa| unakA zAsanadaNDa anyAyakI utpatti rokaneke liye sadA udyata rahatA thaa| isa kAmake liye unhoMne sthAna sthAnapara nyAyAlaya khole the jinameM bhAjake nyAyAlayoM ( kacahariyoM ) kI bhAMti nyAya bacA nahIM jAtA thA kintu nyAya kiyA jAtA thaa| maurya kAlameM nyAyapara bahuta bala diyA jAtA thaa| jaisA ki AcArya kauTalyane apane arthazAstra meM likhA hai ki rAjyakI nIMva nyAya para hI Azrita hai / nyAyake mAge rAjakA putra tathA zatru donoM eka samAna haiN| Page #634 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ candragupta naMda vaMzakA nahIM thA 607 daNDo hi kevalo lokaM paraM camaM ca rakSati rAjJaH putre ca zatrI ca yathAdoSaM samaM dhRtaH / anuzAsaddhi dharmANa vyavahAraNa saMsthayA nyAyena ca caturthana caturantAM mahIM jayet / 3-1 daNDa akelA hI isa tathA paralokakI rakSA karatA hai| vaha suprayukta hone para prayoktAko ubhayalokakA sukha bhoga detA hai, yadi vaha putra aura zatrumeM aparAdha anurUpa nirvizeSa bhAvase prayukta kiyA jAya / dharmAnusAra sAkSI vAkyAnusAra lokAcArake anusAra tathA nyAyAnusAra lokako nyAya. mArgapara rakhanevAlA rAjA catu:samudrA bhUmiko prApta kara sakatA arthAta sArvabhIma rAjA bana sakatA hai / / pAzcAtya itihAsakAhoMne candraguptako mukta kaMThase jagatakA sarvazreSTha samrATa svIkAra kiyA hai| adhika vistAra meM na jAkara saMkSepameM yahI kahanA payAsa hogA ki candragupta cANakya ke arthazAstrakA mUrtimAna bhAdarza thA aura usakI rAjyavyavasthA sarvAMgasundara thii| usakI rAjyavyavasthAkI savAgasundaratAkA prANa yA mukhya kAraNa candragupta kA manathaka parizrama kartavyaniSThA tathA prajA vAtsalya thaa| 'prajAH putrAnivaurasAn / ' rAjA prajAke liye santAna ke samAna sneha rakkhe yahI mAdarza rAjacaritra hai / candragupta isa AdarzakA mUrtimAna dRSTAnta thaa| yadyapi usa samaya na to mAdhunika DhaMgake vaijJAnika AviSkAra the aura na zAsanadaNDako sudUra rASTra ke vyaktikI rakSAke liye pratyeka nyAyArthI atyAcAritAke pAsa pahu~cAnevAle Adhunika sAdhana upalabdha the to bhI unhoMne apanI rAjyavyavasthAmeM lokakalyANakAriNI, navanavonmeSazAlinI prati. bhAke balase itanI navInatama suvidhAyeM paidA kara lI thIM ki usake liye itihAsa unakI zatamukhase prazaMsA kara rahA hai| bhArata ke isa chorase usa chorataka sukhazAnti barasa rahI thii| gharabAra, rAha, ghATa AdimeM sarvatra naitikatAkA bolabAlA thaa| candraguptakI suvyavasthAke sambandhameM itihAsa Page #635 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 608 cANakyasUtrANi vizArada loga to yahAMtaka kahate haiM ki dezameM corI DAkoMkA nAmataka zeSa nahIM thA / loga coroM tathA DAkuoM ko bhUla gaye the| loga gharoMmeM tAletaka lagAne kI mAvazyakatA nahIM mAnate the / aisI paristhiti meM yadi kabhI corI jaisI asvAbhAvika ghaTanA ho jAtI thI to rAjyavyavasthAko hI usa corIkA aparAdhI mAnA jAtA thaa| gotamadharma sUtroMmeM likhA hai ki kSatigrasta vyaktikI hAni rAjakoSase pUrI kI jAya / usa samaya jo prajAse rAja kara liyA jAtA thA vaha rAjAke vetanake rUpameM hotA thA / vaha Adhunika DhaMgakA prajAke jIvanakA vImA thaa| yadi rAjyavyavasthA kisIke apahAraka luNThanakArI yA dhAtakakA patA lagAne meM asaphala rahatI thI to vaha pApa rAjyavyavasthAko apane sira lenA par3atA thA aura prajAkI dhana, jana, hAni rAjakoSase bharanI paDatI thii| batAhaye zAsana vibhAgakA itanA mahAna uttaradAyitva honepara anyAya aparizodhita kaise raha sakatA thA? candragupta inhIM saba prabandha sambandhI vizeSatAoMke kAraNa apane samayake nahIM apane idhara udhara do tIna sahastravarSa takake rAjAmoM meM sabase vilakSaNa aitihAsika puruSa thaa| usake pAsa koI mAnuvaMzika baDA rAjya nahIM thaa| vaha kisI sAmrAjyakA uttarAdhikArI nahIM thaa| vaha to sAmrAjyakA nirmAtA thaa| usane apane bAhubalase kevala cauvIsa varSameM itane vizAla sAmrAjyakA nirmANa kiyA aura lagabhaga cauvIsa varSataka usapara niSkaMTaka zAsana kiyA / usane apanI yuvAvasthAmeM hI samrATapada pA liyA thaa| suvizrabdhairaMgaiH pathiSu viSameSvapyacalatA ciraM dhuryeNoDhA gururApi bhuvo yAsya guruNA dhuraM tAmevoccainavavayasi voDhuM vyavasito manasvI damyatvAn skhalAta na tu duHkhaM vahati ca / aMka 3-3 ( mudrArAkSasa ) Page #636 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ candragupta naMda vaMzakA nahIM thA 609 inake prauDha guru cANakyane jo gurubhAra saMbhAla rakkhA thA use ye apane navayauvanameM hI baDI sundaratAse saMbhAla rahe haiM aura vizeSatA yaha hai ki kabhI pathacyuta tathA khinna nahIM hote / sikandarakI vijayake samaya to ye zaizava aura yauvanake madhya meM the / magadhavijayake samaya bhI yuvA hI the| magadhavijayake pazcAt candraguptane bhAratake anya bahutase bhAgoMpara bhI vijaya pA lI thii| unase yuddhasthalase alaga nahIM rahA jAtA thaa| ye apane hAthI. para baiThakara senAke agrabhAgameM rahakara yuddha kiyA karate the| ve apanI vIratA tathA sAhasake kAraNa apanI yuvAvasthAse bhI pahale pahale to sikandarapara phira selyUkasapara vijaya pAne ke kAraNa na kevala bhArata tathA paMjAbakI vIra jAtiyoMpara pratyuta apane sAmrAjyAntargata paraziyana yavana tathA madhya eziyAkI anya vIra jAtiyoM para bhI apanA pUrNa prabhAva sthApita karanemeM samartha huye the| ve kevala vijetA hI nahIM pratyuta eka saphala zAsaka bhI the| rAzi dharmaNi dharmiSThAH pApe pApAH same smaaH| rAjAnamanuvartanta yathA rAjA tathA prajAH / / (manu) rAjasiMhAsanArUDha mAdarza nAgarika candraguptake zreSTha caritrakA udAharaNa prajAmeM pUrA pUrA pratibimbita humA thaa| candraguptake vareNya rAjacaritrakA prajApara itanA sundara prabhAva paDA thA ki prajA bhI apane rAjAkA cAritrika udAharaNa dekha dekha kara apane vyaktigata kalyANako samAja kalyANameM vilIna karanA sIkha gaI thI aura muktahasta hokara apanI dhanajana buddhizaktiko sArvajanika kalyANameM samarpita kara dene meM apaneko kRtArtha mAnane lagI thii| candragupta ko apane sAmrAjya vistArameM jitanI baDI sahAyatA apanI cAri. trika zreSThatAse milI thI utanI aura kisI senA mAdise nhiiN| yaha sarvathA satya hai ki yadi rAjA utsAhI, karmaNya, buddhimAna tathA samAjasevaka ho to manukaraNamArgI prajA asa jaisI bane vinA nahIM raha sktii| 'svAmisaMpat prakRtisaMpadaM karoti ' ( cANakyasUtra 12) / isake viparIta yadi rAjA anutsAhI, akarmaNya, nirbuddhi aura bhAtmambhari ho to anukaraNamArgI 39 (cANakya.) Page #637 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 610 cANakyasUtrANi prajA avazya hI usa jaisI banakara rahatI hai / akarmaNya sukhiyA (bhArAmatalaba ) rAjA zatraoMko AkramaNakA nimantraNa denevAlA bana jAtA hai| isa dRSTise rAjAko apane caritrake saMbandhameM pUrA satarka aura sAvadhAna rahanA caahiye| kauTalIya arthazAstra meM rAjAke kartavya jisa rUpa meM varNita hai usameM prajAzaktikA akSuNNa rahanA hI rAjazaktikA mUlAdhAra mAna gayA hai| dUsare zabdoMmeM kauTalyakA rAjA hI asaMkhya dezavAsiyoM kI hitAkAMkSAkA ekIbhUta svarUpa tathA prajAtaMtrakA mukhiyA agubhA yA netA hai| rAjya ke pratyeka vyaktikA hita to kauTalya ke rAjAke vyaktigata hita meM tathA kauTalya ke rAjAkA vyakti. gata hita rASTra ke pratyeka vyaktike vyaktigata hitameM sammilita hai| kauTatyake rAjAko aisI koI bhI vyaktigata sukhasuvidhA bhoganekA adhi. kAra nahIM hai jisakA prajAhita ke sAtha virodha ho / prajAkA dhanazoSaNa karake rAjyAdhikAra bhoganevAlA rAjA to kauTalIya arthazAstra ke anusAra dezadrohI haiN| dezadrohI rAjAko rAjyacyuta karake usakA astitva miTAkara rASTrako dezadroha nAmaka kalaMkase mukta rakhanA prajAkA adhikAra svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| AvinItasvAmilAbhAdasvAmilAmaH zreyAn / / (cANakyasUtra 15) bhayogya vyaktiko rAjA banAnekI apekSA kisIko rAjA na banAkara jana tAMtrika DhaMgase rAjavyavasthA kara lenA acchA hai / isakA artha yaha humA ki Adarza caritra vyaktiko hI rAjA banAnA cAhiye / samrATa candragupta kauTalya varNita isa rAjacaritrakA SoDazakalA pUrNa bhAdarza thaa| yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM ki kauTalyavarNita rAjacarita candraguptake hI vyaktitvakA eka sundara citraNa hai| yadi Apa isa satyakI sAkSI lenA cAheM to sadvaMza jAta alaukika buddhi mAna, sudIrghadI dhArmika vIra, utsAhI, raNakuzala, kRtanizcaya, svArthatyAgI, nirantara kartavyataspara samrATa candraguptakA kanyAkumArIse hindUkuzataka tathA makarAnase brahmadezataka apane bhujabala tathA buddhi balase banAyA vistRta bhArata sAmrAjya isa satyako pramANita karane ke liye paryApta hai| Page #638 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ itihAsa lekhakoMkA uttaradAyitva 611 itihAsa lekhakoMkA uttaradAyitva prasannatAkI bAta hai ki hamAre dezake kucha itihAsa-saMzodhaka prAcIna mithyA pracAroMke chipAye abataka prakAza meM na Aye hue cANakya candraguptase sambandha rakhanevAle samujjvala caritrako prakAzameM lAye haiM / parantu hamArI dRSTimeM unakI isa sAhityasevAmeM kucha saMzodhanIya truTi raha gaI haiN| unakI isa sAhityasevAse kucha ine gine sAhityasevI hI anugRhIta ho pAye haiN| ina logoMne isa yugalamahApuruSoM ke caritrasaMbandhI gupta satyoMkA jo udghA. Tana kiyA hai usase inhoMne na to ina donoM mahApuruSoMpara hI koI kRpA kI hai aura na abase savAdo sahastra varSapUrvavAle bhAratIya manuSya samAjako hI anugRhIta kiyA hai| navIna sAhitya kI racanA kevala vartamAna tathA bhAvI samAja kalyANakI dRSTise kI jAtI hai| isaliye ina logoM ke itihAsa lekhana nAmaka isa prayatnakA vartamAna tathA bhAvI bhAratakA kalyANa karanA hI ekamAtra uddezya honA cAhiye / itihAsa saMzodhaka kahalAnA mAtra lekhana-kalAkI sArthakatA nahIM hai kintu sAtha hI apanI vartamAna tathA bhAvI pIDhIko rAjanaitika yA cAritrika satparAmarza dekara anugRhIta karake dhanya honA hI prantha-lekhanakI saphalatA hai / svabhAvase prazna utpanna hotA hai ki ina logoMkI ina mahatva. pUrNa aitihAsika khojose vartamAna yA bhAvI bhAratako koI lAbha pahuMcAyA nahIM ? yadi pahuMcAte to kisa dRSTi se aura nahIM pahuMcA to usakA kAraNa isa itihAsa lekhanakI kaunasI truTi huI? ina saba bAtoMkI mAlocanA karanA hI itihAsa saMzodhakoMkI sAhityasevAkA lakSya honA caahiye| isaliye honA cAhiye ki ina donoMko laikhika yA maukhika zraddhAMjali arpaNa kara denA hI hamAre isa abhAge dezake liye paryApta nahIM hai| ina donoM mahApuruSoMne samAjasevAke jisa kAmako jIvanakA kamya tathA uddezya mAnakara isa mumUrSu dezako saMjIvanI sudhA pilAI thI aura isakA jIrNodvAra kiyA thA, kyA hamAre dezake itihAsa zodhakoMkI sAhityasevA bhAratavAsiyoMke Page #639 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 612 cANakyasUtrANi manoMmeM inakI samAjasevAko apanAnekI pravRtti paidA kara rahI hai ? yaha nizcita hai ki ina donoMkI dezasevakatAko jAna lene yA ina donoMko kinhIM raMgamaMcoM ke rUpameM dekha lenemAtra se bhAratavAsiyoMkI deza sevaka bana jAnA saMbhava nahIM hai / nizcaya hI ina logoMkI sAhityasevAkA sArvajanika kalyANake sAtha koI sambandha dikhAyA jAnA cAhiye thA jo dikhAyA nahIM gayA / hama apane deza ke sAhityikoMse pUchanA cAhate haiM ki Apa loga cANakya candraguptasambandhI jisa satyako prakAzameM lAye haiM use samAjopayogI kriyAtmaka rUpameM pahale to samAja ke sAmane upasthita karanA aura phira use kriyAtmaka rUpa denA bhI ApakA hI kartavya hai yA nahIM ? yA isake liye dezako alaga koI prabandha karanA hogA ? yadi Apa loga use kriyAtmaka rUpa deneke sAtha apanA koI saMbandha rakhanA nahIM cAhate to hameM kahane dIjiye ki ApakI sAhityasevA nirvIrya aura niSphala hai / vAstavikatA ke saMsAra meM kisI satyako anupayogI radda jAne dekara use kevala prakAzameM le AnevAlI phalgu sAhityasevAkA koI mUlya nahIM hai / sAhityasevA aisI honI cAhiye ki vaha phalaprasU ho, aura vaha jisa supupta samAjako lakSya meM rahakara kI gaI ho use jhakajhorakara jagAkara khaDA kara de / saba hI use sAhityasevAkA yaza diyA jA sakatA hai / barasAtI kIDoMke samAna sAhityasarjana kara denA mAtra sAhityasevA nahIM hai kintu dezake manako dabA baiThanevAle ajJAnapara zastrakriyA karake dezako mAnasika dRSTi se nIroga bananekA avasara denA hI sAhityasevAkI dhanyatA hai / kisI satyako samAjopayogI banA denepara hI sAhityika sAhityika kahAnekA adhikArI banatA hai / sAhityasevIkA mukhya kAma kisI satyako samAjopayogI banA denA hI hai| saccA sAhityasevI vahI hai jo samAjakA acchedya aMga hai | sacce sAhityasevIko samAjake hAnilAbha tathA mAnasika utthAna patana se harSa aura viSAda donoM hote haiM aura isIliye vaha apane samAja meM Page #640 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ itihAsa lekhakoMkA uttaradAyitva 613 jisa satyakI nyUnatA pAtA hai usIko apane samAjakA aMga banAne meM apanI saMpUrNa zakti lagA DAlatA hai / sacce sAhityikakI samAjasevA kaTusatyoM ko prakAza meM lAne tathA vartamAnameM dezako patita banAnevAle zaktizAlI asatya ke khaNDanake saMkaTa meM paDanese bacakara apanI pustakoM meM kevala ardhasatya likha dene mAtrase pUrI nahIM hotI / saccA sAhityakAra jisa satyako apane samAjase palavAnA cAhe use samAjase palavAnA tathA use svayaM bhI pAlanA apanA kartavya mAnatA hai| mArya cANakya isI artha meM arthazAstra grantha ke sAhityakAra ke rUpameM hamAre sAmane upasthita haiN| mArya cANakya pratyeka sacce granthakArake bhAdarza haiN| sanhoMne apanI lekhanIse co kucha likhA hai vaha unhoMne karake bhI to dikhAyA hai / bho hamAre dezake sAhityakAro ! bhAra loga Arya cANakyakI sAhityasevAke sAtha apanI sAhityasevAkI tulanA to karake dekhiye ki mApa logoMne apanI sAhityasevAmeM use upayogI nyAvahArika rUpameM upasthita karane tathA use vartamAnameM upayogI banAnevAlA pahala apUrNa kyoM rakha diyA ? hamAre kucha itihAsa saMzodhakoMne savAdo sadasavarSa pUrva ke itihAsake bhAnupUrvI samAcAra na denevAle tatkAlIna lekhakoM ke saMbandhameM kheda prakaTa kiyA hai / ina logoMne isa saMbandhameM jo kheda prakaTa kiyA hai aura usa samayake aitihAsikoko satya samAcAra na dene kA doSI ThaharAyA hai vaha satyakA AviSkAra karanA cAhanevAle vartamAna aitihAsikoM ke liye svAbhAvika hai / parantu socanA to yaha hai savA do yA DhAI sahasravarSa to bahuta lambA kAla hai / pAThaka antardaSTi se dekheM ki mApake dekhate dekhate vartamAna bhAratakA itihAsa bhI to mithyA AvaraNase DhakA jA rahA hai aura logoM se chipAyA jA rahA hai| sabase tIsa varSa pUrva svataMtratA AndolanakA itihAsa tathA sAta varSa pUrva rAjyalolupa dezadrohiyoMkI ve rAjyalipsu pravRttiyA~ bhI to vartamAna tathA bhAvI pIr3hiyoM se gupta rakkhI jA rahI haiM jina pravRttiyoMkA Page #641 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 614 cANakyasUtrANi duSpariNAma bhAjake bhAratako sarvatra sutIkSNa kaTutAke sAtha bhoganA paDa rahA hai aura bhAvI bhAratako na jAne kabataka bhoganA paDatA rhegaa| bhAjake bhAratIya itihAsasevI loga isa bAtakA uttara deM ki vartamAnameM kI jAtI huI isa aitihAsika rASTriya corIke aparAdhake prakAzameM na AnekA uttaradAyitva Apa logoMpara nahIM hai to kisapara hai ? aitihAsikoMkA vartamAna kartavya eka bhora to cANakyakAlIna bhAratakA gauravapUrNa itihApta hai aura dUsarI ora vartamAna bhAratakI dezadrohI asAmAjika pravRtti haiN| ina paraspara viruddha pravRttiyoM kI upasthitimeM itihAsapara lekhanI uThAnevAloMkA kartavya hai ki ve bhAratake gauravamaya atItako tathA adha:patita vartamAnako tulanA. smaka DhaMgase dezake sAmane lAyeM, deza ke asAmAjikatA rogakI auSadhake rUpameM cANakya candragapta ke vAstavika Adarzako usake sAmane upasthita kareM aura pUrA bala lagA deM ki deza usa Adarzako grahaNa karake mAtmasudhAra kre| jabataka hamAre sAhityika loka apanI sAhityasevAmeM isa dRSTikoNako nahIM apanAyeMge tabataka kisI bhI sAhitya sevIko sAhityasevA Ukhara-vapana yA vandhya prayatna hue binA nahIM rhegii| vartamAna DhaMgake sAhityikakA sAhitya vicArazIla pAThakake manameM cANakya candraguptake saMbandhameM kucha nirvIrya ( akAryakArI ) zraddhAmAtra utpanna karake kartavyahIna hokara khaDA ho jAtA hai aura apane pAThakoMko bhAratako jagAnese saMbandha rakhanevAlA agalA kartavya batAneke saMbandhameM kiMkartavyamUDha hokara isa prakAra bagale jhAMkane lagatA hai mAno ina logoMke sAhityakA dezake vartamAnake sudhArake sAtha koI saMbandha hI nhiiN| dezahitaiSI loga bhAratake sAhityaseviyoMse pUchanA cAhate haiM ki kyA mApa loga apane bhAratakI saccI sevA karanekI raSTise apane isa aparAdha ( sevAparAdha) kA parimArjana karaneke liye apanI sAhitya kalAkA sadupayoga karanA apanA kartavya mAneMge? vartamAna bhAratako cANakya candraguptake itihAsase sacce rASTrasevakakA bhAdarza lenA hai aura use bhArata santAnakI surakSAke liye surakSita rakhanA Page #642 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aitihAsikokA vartamAna kartavya 615 hai| parantu jina SaDyaMtrakAriyoMne vartamAna bhAratake sarace itihAsako mithyAkI cAdarase Dhaka DAlA hai ve lolupa loga cANakya candraguptakI niHspRha deza sevAke mAdarzakI upekSA karane meM hI apanA vyaktigata lAma samajhate haiM / yadi deza apanI A~khoMse kAma le to nizcaya hI ye loga rAjyalobhI bhaura dezadrohI mAne jAya / ina logoMne janatAle vizvAsaghAta karake rAjya hathiyAnekA kudRSTAnta hI dezake sAmane upasthita kiyA hai aura rAjA kAlasya kAraNam ' ke anusAra dezabharapara caritra hInatAkI chApa lagA DAlI hai / ye loga to apanI karanI kara cuke / aba bhArata ke aitihAsikoM ke sira rASTrIya bhAdarzakI rakSA karaneke kartavyako karanekA avasara mA khaDA huA hai / rATrIya bhAdarzakI rakSA karanekA uttaradAyitva ina rAjyalobhI logoMke bharose para nahIM choDA jA sakatA ! choDa diyA jAya to dezakA nizcita bhakalyANa honA hai| isa samaya bhArata ke aitihAsikokA kartavya hai ki ve ina bhAdarzaghAtiyoM kA bhaMDAphoDa kare aura bhArata santAnake sammukha cANakyakI rASTra-sevAvAle nirmala Adarzako sadAke liye ujjvala tathA amiTa banAkara surakSita kara ddaale|| hamAre deza ke sAhityasevI jAne ki cANakya candragaptakA padAnusaraNa hI vIra pUjA hai / kinhIM mahApuruSoMkA nAma raTa lenA mAtra yA unheM zAbdika andAMjali arpaNa kara denA mAtra vIra pUjA nahIM hai / zraddheya vIra jaisA vIra bana jAnA hI saracI vIra pUjA hai| 'devo bhUtvA devaM yajet ' jaise deva banakara hI deva pUjA hotI hai isI prakAra vIra banakara vIrakA guNagAna hotA hai / vIra bane vinA vIrakA guNagAna karanA to vIratAkA upahAsa hai| sAhityakI sArthakatA yaha hai ki vaha samAjakA saracA kalyANa karanevAlA abhinna sArthI bane aura usake hitameM rata rahe / aise mAdarza sAhityanirmANase bacanevAle sAhityika kusAhitya utpanna karane ke kAraNa dezadrohI haiM / sikandarakI nRzaMsatA bhAratake prAcIna tathA vartamAna pAhiriyakoMkI dRSTi meM kaThoratama bhASAmeM niMdanIya hai aura sikandarake saMpUrNa manuSya samA Page #643 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi jakA zatru hone se use bhArata ke pravezAdhikAra na denevAle cANakya candragupta hArdika kRtajJatAke sAtha pUjya haiM / parantu mAzcarya kI bAta hai ki vartamAna sAhityikoM kI A~khoMke sAmane usase bhI kahIM adhika tIvratAke sAtha niMdanIya, apane nItihIna nirNayoMse bhAratamAtAke vakSasthalapara nRzaMsatAke nAyaka sikandara jaisI hI krUra nRzaMsatA karanevAle bhAratake hI anajalase paripuSTa, rAjyalobhI, kRtaghna, asura loga unhIM vartamAna sAhityikoM ke dvArA daMDanIya siddha nahI kie jA rahe haiN| samajhameM nahIM AtA ki ina sAhitya. koMkI dRSTi ina logoMse kaunasA utkoca lekara isa pratyakSa satyakI orase aMdhI ho gaI hai ki candragupta cANakya ke jIvanayApI bhagIratha prayatnase sunirmita akhaMDa bhAratako khaMDa khaMDa karake, unake mAdarzako pairoMtale rauMDhakara, sikandarake hI pratinidhi banakara bhAratamAtAke mAtRtvako kalaMkita karanevAle loga bhAja bhAratake donoM khaNDoMmeM rAjyAdhikArase matavAle hokara bhAratakI chAtIpara manamAne atyAcAra baDhA rahe haiM / isa gaMbhIra praznakA uttara pratyeka susAhityika apane hRdayase le aura bhAratamAtAke prati apanA kartavya pUrA kare / yadi yaha vaha nahIM karegA to sikandarakI nRzaMsa mAsurikatAko chipAkara use vIra nAmase pracAra karane vAle prAcIna kusAhityikoM jaisA aparAdha vartamAna sAhityikoM ke sirapara bhI caDhA hI rhegaa| vartamAna bhArata cANakyane jo bhAratako dakSiNa sAgarase himAlaya taka akhaNDa rASTranirmANakA mAdarza diyA thA, usake sarvathA viparIta do vidyamAna khaNDoMmeM vibhakta Ajake bhAratakA dayanIya citra vartamAna bhAratako rAjanaitika prati. bhAko kalaMkita karanevAlA apamAna hai| Aja bhI bhAratavAsike manameM svabhAva se nimna prazna upasthita hote haiM aura apanA samAdhAna cAhate haiM , cANakyake suyogya ziSya bhAdarza samrATa candraguptane rAjyazAsana saMbandhI jo kuzalatA dikhAI thI Ajake zAsanapadArUDha bhAratavAsIne usa kuzalatAko apanAyA hai yA padadalita kiyA hai ? isakA uttara bhAratavAsIko sapane vivekase denA hai| Page #644 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vartamAna bhArata 2 cANakyakAlIna bhAratake ghara gharameM jo sukhazAnti virAja rahI thI bhArata ke vAyumaNDala meM premakI jo madhuradhvani pratikSaNa gU~ja gU~jakara dezabhara seM amRta barasAtI phira rahI thI kyA Ajake bhAratavAsIko vaha saubhAgya prApta hai ? yA vaha usase vaMcita hokara durbhAgyakI caramasImA meM pahuMcakara hAya hAya kara rahA hai ? isa praznakA uttara bhI bhAratavAsIko apanI A~khoMka sAmane vidyamAna samAjake citrameMse lenA hai / 617 3 cANakyane jina dezadrohiyoMko miTAkara bhAratakI svatantratAko niSkaMTaka banAyA thA kyA Ajake svataMtra kahalAnevAle bhAratane apane dezadrohI miTA DAle ? yA ve bhAratakI chAtIpara mUMga dala rahe haiM ? kyA Aja ke bhArata meM sukhazAntiko niSkaMTaka banAnevAlA koI cANakya yA candragupta hai ? ina praznoM kA uttara bhI vicArazIla bhAratasaMtAnako apane hRdaya se lenA hai / 4 kyA vartamAna bhAratane apane paDosI rASTrako vaza meM kara liyA hai y| apaneko hI do ragaDate jhagaDate khaNDoM meM bAMTakara paDasameM zatru paidA kara liyA hai ? isa bAtakA uttara bhAratakI rAjanaitika sUjha bUjha para kalaMka potanevAlI videzI SaDyantrakI saphalatA ke rUpameM sabakI AMkhoMke sAmane vidyamAna hai / cANakya aura candragupTha jaise karmaTha logoM kA itihAsa tAza aura zataraMja ke kheloMke samAna kucha samaya kATaneke liye paDhanekI vastu nahIM hai / itihAsapurANaM paMcamaM vedAnAM vedaH / itihAsa tathA purANa jJAnadAtA vedoMmeM pAMcavAM veda hai / itihAsapurANAbhyAM vedaM samupabRMhayet / bibhetyalpazrutAdvedo mAmayaM prahariSyati // vedako itihAsapurANoMke dvArA samajhanekA prayatna karo / veda itihAsapurANoMse aparicitoMse bhaya mAnatA hai ki yaha mujhapara prahAra karegA | yaha mujhe na samajhakara anarthaM karegA / Page #645 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 618 cANakyasUtrANi itihAsase dezake vartamAnako ujjvala bhUtase tolakara AtmanirIkSaNa karane kA avasara milatA hai usase apanI bhUleM sudhArane tathA bhUtakAlIna madupAyoMkA avalambana karanekA suavasara hAtha mAtA hai / itihAsase pATha. koMko upayogI bAteM apanAne kA avasara prApta hotA hai| ina donoM mahApuruSoMkA itihAsa bhAja savAdo sahana varSa bIta jAnepara bhI apane sadA navIna rUpameM saMsArabharako jJAnajyoti dete rahane ke liye sadA hI mArga dIpake rUpa meM khar3A hai aura rhegaa| ina donoM mahAzayoMke sammukha yoropake hiraNAkuza sikandara jaise asurakA AkramaNa utanA cintanIya viSaya nahIM thA jitanA bhAratameM dezaprema yA manuSyatAkA amAva unakI cintAkA vizeSa viSaya bana gayA thaa| prabhutAkA lobhI hI dezadroha hai, dezadroha nAmake rogakA jo mUlasvarUpa hai vahIM to prabhutA lobha hai / vedajJa cANakyane parvatakako usake prabhutAloma. rUpI dezadrohakA daNDa mRtyuke rUpameM denA ucita samajhA thaa| videzI AsurI zaktikI sahAyatA yA kRpAse svadezakA zAsanAdhikAra lekara svadeza. vAsiyoMkI manuSyatAko padadalita tathA vinaSTa karake apanI rAjya lolupatAko caritArtha karanA hI to dezake sAtha droha hai / isa dezadrohakA mUla vyaktigata svArthAndhatAmeM vidyamAna hai| vyaktigata svArthAndhatA mAnavako dUsare mAnava ke sAtha premabandhanameM Abaddha nahIM rahane detii| apane vyaktigata svArthako rASTrakalyANameM vilIna kara DAlane kI bhAvanA hI rASTriyatA hai / rASTriyatAke sAtha nyaktigata svArthako saMkIrNa dRSTikA janmavaira hai| vyaktigata svArtha bhAvanAkA nAma hI vaha mAtsyanyAya yA jisakI lAThI usakI bhaiMsa hai jisake saMbandhameM cANakyane manuSyasamAjako sAvadhAna kiyA thaa| mAjakA bhAravAsI usI vyaktigata svArtha bhAvanAke prabhAvameM bhAkara mAsurI rAjakA mAkheTa banA hai| mabase savAdo sahasra varSa pUrva sikandara tathA candraguptane saMsArake sAmane do viparIta Adarza upasthita kiye the| sikandara to bhAsurIvRtti lekara Page #646 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vartamAna bhArata 619 zastrabalake mAdhArase manuSyasamAjako saMtrasta karake prabhutAlobhI luTerA banakara yUnAnake rAjasiMhAsana para ArUDha huA thA / vaha apanI bIsa varSake avasthAse lekara saMsArabharakI mAnavatA para lagAtAra asaMkhyoM bhAkramaNa karake bhUmAtAko raktase raMgakara mAnava hRdayako marmAhata banAkara bAraha varSa taka apanI hiMsaka jantuoMkI-sI hiMsra kriyAmose saMsArake sAmane pAzcAtya sAmrAjyavAdakA duSTa dRSTAnta upasthita karake kevala battIsa varSako avasthAmeM hAtha malamalakara pachatAtA hajhA saMsArase cala basA thaa| isake sarvathA viparIta bhAratIya sAmrAjya ke pratiSThApaka candraguptane sikandarake bhAkramaNoM se Ahata na kevala bhAratavAsiyoM ko apitu bhAratake paDausI rASTrotakako zAnti aura sammAnake sAtha jIvana bitAnekI savidhA denekI pakkI vizvasta sAntvanA dekara kevala caubIsa varSako avadhimeM vidrohaddIna, svaguNamugdha, susaMgaThita sAmrAjya banAkara manuSyatAkA saMrakSaka banakara saMsArabharako rASTranirmANako kalAkA vyAvahArika pATha sikhAyA thaa| mAja candragupta tathA unake nirdezaka mArya cANakya ko bIte lagabhaga savAdo sahasra varSa bIta cuke / Aja hama saMsArameM kyA dekha rahe haiM ? pAzcAtya jagatane Ajataka sikandarakA mAdarza nahIM choDA / pAzcAtya jagat Ajakala bhI sikandarake Adarzako apanAkara pararAjyalolupatAkI pAzavika lIlA karatA hI calA jA rahA hai aura lokasaMhAraka astrazanoMkA AviSkAra kara karake saMhArakI mUrti banA baiThA hai| duHkhake sAtha svIkAra karanA par3atA hai ki bhAratane bhI cANakyake Arya bhAdarzako padadalita kara DAlA hai| cANakya candraguptakI brAhmakSAtra joDIne bhAratameM jisa zaktimAna bhAramavizvAsI sAmrA. jyakA nirmANa kiyA thA mAja usake sthAnapara nirbala pArasparika lUTakhasoTa-hiMsA-dveSase paripUrNa rASTriyatAhIna vaidezika zAstravala kI sahAyatAke pratIkSaka banA humA bhArata hai / bhAjake bhAratako rASTriya bhrAntike duSparijAmako pratyakSa dekhakara kauna vicArazIla bhArata santAna apane ko svataMtra mAnanekA supanA dekha sakatA hai ? Page #647 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 620 cANakyasUtrANi mAjakA pAzcAtyaprabhAvita bhArata pAzcAsyoMke sarvakSetrIya andhAnukaraNameM hI apanA mahobhAgya mAna rahA hai| anukaraNa karanevAlA apane anukartavyakA dAsa hotA hai| apane anukartavyakA dAsa bana jAnA ho dAsatAkI sarva mAnya paribhASA hai / manuSyatAko padadalita karanekI pravRtti hI dAsa mano. vRtti hai / dAsa manovRtti hI dezadroha hai| bhAratavarSa meM jo dAsa manovRtti ghara kara gaI hai yahI to bhAratavAsikA dezadroha hai| pAzcAtyoMkA andhAnukaraNa hI bhAratavAsikA dezadroha hai / aMdhA bhAratavAsI apanI isa pAzrA. syAnukaraNI manovRttiko dezadroha na samajhakara pratyuta usImeM apanA saubhAgya mAnakara apanA kitanA bhakalyANa kara rahA hai ? yaha na samajhakara isa pata. nako bhI sthAna mAna rahA hai / yaha kitane pAritApakA viSaya hai ki bhAjake bhAratako apanA saMvidhAna banAne ke liye saMskRti aura paramparAmeM se koI grAhya tatva hAtha nahI mAyA / jaba ki pAzcAtya jagat ke vicArazIla vidvAn cANakyakI rAjakalpanA tathA parinanirmANake siddhAntoMko atyanta sammAnakI dRSTi se dekhate haiN| Aja cANakya hama logoMkI ajJAnajanya akRtajJa. tAsa bhAratameM na pUjakara videzI vidvAnoM meM pUja rahA hai| bhAjakA bhArata manuSyatAse hIna hokara yoropa, amerikAvAlI unnatikA caramotkarSa pAneke ubhayabhraSTa banAne vAle supane dekha rahA hai / bhAjake pAzcAtyAnugAmI bhAratako yaha kaise samajhAyA jAya ki manu. dhyatA hI kisI bhI rASTakA prANa yA jIvanI zakti hotI hai| manuSyatAke abhAvameM samasta bhautika saMpattiye muradekA zrRMgAra bana jAtI haiN| manuSyatAse hIna hokara bhautika unnati, rASTrasevA, vizvazAnti, samAjasevA Adi nAmose dezake mAnavasamAjako ThagA hI ThagA jAtA hai| sevA to manakI hotI hai / manako zAnti pAnekI kalA na sikhAkara kucha ujjvalaveSI logoMkA gande mohalloM meM jAkara kucha samaya jhADU lagAnekA abhinaya mAtra karake dIna logoMse tAlI piTavAle yA jayaghoSa karavA lenA mAtra rASTrako samatikA mArga dikhAnevAlI sevA nahIM hai / rASTrake manakA bhajJAnapanase uddhAra karamA hI sevA hai| logoMke duHkhadAyI ajJAnako miTAkara unheM svAbhimAnI Page #648 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ AryaanAryoMkI tulanAtmaka AlocanA unnacetA manuSyatA-premI bhanyAyake asahiSNu banA denevAle jJAnAloka meM pahu~cA denA hI rASTra kI saccI sevA hai| __ yadi bhAratavAsI apanA kalyANa cAheM to ve sabase savAdo sahasra varSa pUrva bhAratameM apanI devIka krIDA kara cukanevAlI cANakya candraguptakI rAjanaitika pratimAko hRdayase apanAye / Arya anArya sAmrAjyoMkI tulanAtmaka AlocanA tathA 'usAva bhAratIya rAeko AryarASTra na banane denevAle vartamAna, sAmyavAda, samAjavAda Adi anArya rAjanaitika vAdoMke prabhAvase bacanekA sujhAva anArya samrATokA agraNI sikandara vizvasamrATa banane kI mahatvAkAMkSA lekara luTeroM kA vizAla dala saMgaThita karake, dUsare rASTroM kI svataMtratA chInA karatA thaa| sthAlI pulAkanyAyake anusAra apane kSudra vyaktigata svArthAse dUsaroMkI svataMtratA chInanA hI manArya sAmrAjyoMkA nirmANa karAnevAlI mUla preraNA thii| cANakyakA ziSya candragupta ' brAhmaNenadhitaM kSatram ' brahmazaktike niyantraNameM kAma karanevAlI kSAtrazaktise susajita mArya samrAToMkA pratIka thaa| usane bhArata tathA usake paDosake una choTe choTe rAjyoM ko, jo svayaM apanI rakSAtaka karane meM asamartha the yA jo rAjadharma vihIna hokara apanI prajA para atyAcAra yA lUTakA ThekAmAtra liye baiThe the, prajAke prati kartavya pAlanevAle zaktizAlI sAmrAjyakA prasanna anuvartI aMga banAkara mAnava samAjako saccI svataMtratAkA adhikArI banA liyA thaa| jahAMtaka apanI zakti jA sake vahAMtaka prajAkI sevA karanevAlI vaidhAnika rAjyavyavasthAkI sthApanA karanA hI Arya ( bhAratI) sAmrAjya kI kalpanAkA preraka thA / jahA~ bhanArya sAmrAjya AtatAyIpanakA pratIka hai vahA~ mArya sAmrAjya mAtatAyIpanakA pratirodhaka noTa-- baTaloI ke eka cAvalakI parakhase samasta cAvaloM ke paripAka aparipAkako samajha lenekI paddhati ke anusAra / Page #649 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 622 cANakyasUtrANi tathA nyAya rAjyakA saMsthApaka thaa| jahA~ bhanArya sAmrAjya dUsaroM kI svataMtratA chInatA pAyA gayA hai vahA~ mArya sAmrAjyakA lakSya kisIkI svataMtratA chInanA nahIM thaa| kintu svatantratAko surakSita karake mAnavasamAjakA bhAzIrvAda aura sAdhuvAda pAnA hI usakA ekamAtra dhyeya thaa| mArya sAmrAjyakA uddezya rASTra ke pratyakSa apratyakSa donoM prakArake coroM tathA una rASTrakaNTakoMko nirmUla karanA thA jo vizva ke svatantra mAnava pari. pAroMkA virodha kiyA karate the| Arya sAmrAjyoM kI samarayAtrAkA uddezya vijita rASTroMko hatAza, nirAza tathA sukha sampattihIna banA DAlanA nahIM thA kintu vijita rASTroMko turanta nirApada banAkara abhaya dAna dekara unakI lUTa tathA usapara atyAcArako asaMbhava banAnA aura unheM apanI mAtRhitaiSiNI chatrachAyAmeM lenA hotA thA / saMsAra ke itihAsa ke pAsa jaise anArya sAmrAjyoMkI samara yAtrAke viruddha bhayaMkara abhiyoga honepara bhI usake pAsa Arya candraguptakI samarayAtrAke virodha atyAcAra yA luNThana AdikA kisI prakArakA koI abhiyoga nahIM hai| pratyuta itihAsake pAsa to vijita rASTroMkI candraguptake prati pragaTa kI gaI sAmUhika kRtajJatAkA hI ullekha milatA hai / isaliye milatA hai ki candragupta ke sAmrAjyakA svarUpa vijita janatAko apane virAT parivArameM sammilita karake usake Upara vijita janatAke nirvAcita janasevakoMko sthAnika zAsanake paricAlanakA bhAra sauMpa denA hotA thA / candraguptakA sAmrAjya prajAko ve samasta sukhasuvidhA pahu~. cAnekA uttaradAyitva letA thA jo (sukhasuvidhA) mAnava hRdayako svabhA. vase pyArI pyArI hotI hai aura isIliye rAjyavyavasthAko prajAtaMtrakA nAma de detI haiN| candragupta pratyeka vijita dezakI sadicchAoMkA pUrA pratinidhitva karatA thaa| isaliye usakA sAmrAjya ekatantra dIkhanepara bhI prajAtaMtra thaa| maigAsthanIja tathA pAzcAtya itihAsakAroMke una varNanoMse, jo unhoMne candraguptake sAmrAjyako suvyavasthAke saMbandhameM kiye haiM spaSTa jAnA jA sakatA hai ki usa samayakI prajA candragupta ke suprabandhase itanI suzikSita Page #650 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ AryaanAryoMkI tulanAtmaka AlocanA ho gaI thI ki vaha AtmakalyANako surakSita rakhane ke liye paryApta mAtrAmeM samartha tathA jAgarUka bana cukI thii| 'prakRtisampadA hyanAyakamapi rAjyaM nIyate / ' (cANakyasUtra ) prajA yadi rAjya prabandhase paricita ho jAya yA banA dI gaI ho to kisI kAraNa rAjAke na rahanepara bhI rASTravyavasthA akSuNNa rahatI calI jAtI hai| prajAko santuSTa tathA suzikSita karake prajAkI sadicchAbhoMse hI rAjyanyavasthAkA saMcAlana karane kA yaha DhaMga candragupta ke putra bindusAra tathA pautra azoka taka surakSita rahA / parantu sAmrAjya saMcAlakoMke bhahiMsAvAdI bauddha dharmameM dIkSita ho jAnepara daNDanyavasthAke DhIlA paDanepara hI sAmrAjya chisaminna hogayA / usa sthiti ko dekhakara gItAke 'svadharma nidhanaM zreyaH para dharmo bhyaavhH|' isa mantabyakI smRti balAta mA khasI hotI hai| rAzo hi duSTanigrahaH ziSTaparipAlanaM ca dharmaH / na punaH ziromuNDanaM jaTAdhAraNAdikaM vA / ( nItivAkyAmRtaM 5-2) duSTa nigraha tathA ziSTapAlana hI rAjAbhoMke dharma haiN| sira muMDAnA yA jaTA dhAraNa karanA Adi unake dharma nahIM haiN| vratacaryAdikaM dharmo na bhUpAnAM sukhAvahaH / teSAM dharmaH pradAnena prajAsaMrakSaNena ca / ( mAguri ) vratacaryA bhAdi rAjAbhoMke liye sukhakAraka nahIM hai / unakA dharma to prajAko abhayadAna tathA usakI rakSA hI hai| bhAratIya Arya sAmrAjya ke ye tInoM lAnuvaMzika samrAT isa bhAdarzako surakSita rakhakara prajAkI sevA karake na kevala mAnavasamAjako kRtArtha kara gaye kintu svayaM bhI dhanya hokara gaye / sAmrAjya sthApanAkA yahI AyaM mAdarza thaa| yaha mAdarza bhAjake pAzcAtya sAmrAjyavAdase sarvathA viparIta prakArakA hai| yaha kitanA bar3A durbhAgya hai ki bhArata bhI kAlakI kuTilagatise isa mAdazako rASTriyarUpameM apanAkara nahIM rakha sakA / vaha phira pahale ke hI samAna AdarzahInatAmeM jA dubaa| Page #651 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi cANakya manuSyakI pazuzaktikA upAsaka nahIM thA / vaha to mAnava hRdakI zAntikA upAsaka aura pujArI thaa| vaha logoM kI mAnasika zAntiko hI rASTrakA bala mAnane vAloMmeM thA / AjakA pAzcAtya anArya sAmrAjyavAda jaDadehakI bhogAkAMkSA yA bhogakaMDUtiyoMkA upAsaka hai / jaDadeddoM kI bhogecchAke Upara apanI samAjavyavasthA banA lenA duSpariNAmI kalpanA hai isaliye deddoMkI bhogecchAoM ke AdhArapara samAjavyavasthA banAneke saMbandha maiM Ajake pAzcAtyanukaraNI bhAratako sAvadhAna rahanA hai| jaDadeddoMkI bhogecchA hI ina anAyeM sAmrAjyoM kI pRSThabhUmi hai / I vartamAna rAjanaitika sAmyavAda, samAjavAda Adi anAryavAdoMkI AlocanA cANakya vedAntapratipAdita Atyantika duHkhanivRttike upAsaka the / anArya sAmrAjyoMkI nindA karanevAlA pAzcAtya samAjavAdI aura sAmyavAdI eka ora to sAmrAjyavAdakI nindA karatA aura dUsarI ora jaDadehakI usa bhogAkAMkSA yA bhogavAdako choDaneko udyata nahIM hai jo anArya sAmrAjyavAdakA mUla hai / pAzcAtyoMke samAjavAda aura sAmyavAda tathA unake anArya sAmrAjya sabakI bhoga hI ekamAtra AdhArazilA hai / pAzcAtya yA pAzcAtya DhaMgakA samAjavAdI aura sAmyavAdI apane bhogavAdI pAzcAtya vAtAvaraNake AnuvaMzika doSase parAbhUta hokara jaDadehakI bhogecchAse Age socane meM nitAnta paMgu hai / bhogavAda pAzcAtya dezoMkI majjA taka jA pahu~cA cukA huA asAdhya roga hai / isake viparIta cANakya tyAgavAdI bhAratakA supUta thA / 624 vaha to manuSya kI sukhecchAko hI duHkha mAnanevAle logoM meM se thA / vaha sukhecchA ke niyantraNa para hI sAmrAjyakI pratiSThA karanevAlA thA / vaha sukhecchAko hI pApakA mUla mAnakara use rAjazaktise niyantrita karanA cAhatA thaa| vaha manuSyakI sukhecchA ke niyantraNameM AjAneko hI samAjakI zAntikI Page #652 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ anAryavAdoMkI AlocanA kuMjI mAnane vAle krAntadarzI vidvAnoM meM se thaa| vaha manuSya kI bhogAkAMkSAko khulakara khelane dene meM samAjakA akalyANa mAnatA thaa| vaha manuSyakA kalyANa ipa bAtameM dekhatA thA ki mAnavakI bhogAkAMkSAkA samAja hitameM upayoga kiyA jAya / vaha manuSya kI bhogAkAMkSAko samAjako samAjakA ahita karanekI svataMtratA deneko kisI bhI rUpameM prastuta nahIM thA / vaha manuSyakI vyakti. gata bhogAkAMkSAko samAja kalyANameM vilIna kara denevAlI yA use ( vyakta gata bhogecchAko ) samAja kalyANakA avirodha banA lenevAlI vyaktigata aura samAja donoMhIkA kalyANa kara sakanevAlo bhAtyantika duHkhanivRtti meM ho manuSyakA paramArtha pA lenA yA akhaNDazAnti mila jAnA samajhatA thaa| isake viparIta anArya sAmrAjyavAdoM tathA anArya rAjanaitika pArTiyone sika. naravAlA vahI bhogavAda apanA rakkhA hai jo jar3adehakI bhogecchAkA dAsa hai aura isIse parAye ramakA pyAsA bane vinA nahIM rahA jA sktaa| mAdhu. nika manArya sAmrAjyavAda sikandaravAle sAmrAjyavAdakA hI bhautika vijJAnoM tathA nRzaMsa karatAoMse samupabaMhita Adhunika saMskaraNa mAtra hai / mAmyavAdI yA samAjavAdI kahAnevAle kucha una vidvAn nAmadhAriyoMne jo apane Apako pAzcAtya pAmrAjyavAdakA virodhI udghoSita karate haiM, dhanopArjana tathA dhanabhogameM sArvajanika mamAnAdhikArakA kAlpanika (anyAvahArika ) siddhAnta paidA karake ulajhana paidA karatI hai| parantu ina logoMne bhogAkAMkSA samAjaghAtaka dUSaNakA AdyopAnta vicAra nahIM kiyaa| mogAkA. kA yahI pradhAna dUSaNa hai ki vaha kabhI bhI tapta honA nahIM jaantii| bhogecchu mAnava bhogameM apamartha to ho sakatA hai parantu tRpta kabhI nahIM ho sakatA / bhoga aura ataptikA nitya sAtha hai manuSya kI atapti hI atyAcAriNI rAkSaptI hai / atRpti samAjakA bhayaMkara zatru hai / bhogecchAne saMsArameM Ajataka kabhI bhI tRpti, udAratA aura mAnavatAkA muMha nahIM dekhA / kyoMki bhogAkAMkSA rUpI bhAga sadA hI atRpta rahane vAlI bhAga aura manuSyako para. raktapipAsu anudAra pazu banAkara rakhanevAlI duSTa abhilASA hai isaliye 40 ( cANakya.) Page #653 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrA pahale manuSyase usa mAgameM IMdhana DalavAnekA siddhAnta mAna lenA aura phira sasI manuSyase yaha bAdhA bhI karanA ki vaha apanI icchA yA kAnUnake bhayase samAnatAke siddhAntameM baMdhakara rahe yaha eka asaMbhava mUDha kalpanA hai| yaha to mAMsalolupa siMhake sAmanese usakA mAMsa uThA lenevAlI atyanta uttejaka kalpanA hai| yaha to khullamakhullA bhogako ho jIvanakA lakSya mAna lenA aura mAnavasamAjako manuSyatAkI ora protsAhina na karake bhogasaMgrahameM protsAhita karanA hai| manuSyako bhogasaMgrahameM protsAhita karanA use usa bhogAkAMkSAko ora le jAnA hai jisakA koI aMta nahIM hai jisakI bhUkha kabhI miTatI nahIM jo bhayaMkarase bhayaMkara pApa karanese DaratI nhiiN| jise saMsArabharako apanI vadhya mAkheTa banAne meM koI saMkoca honA saMbhava nhiiN| bhogAkAMkSAko chUTa mila jAnA sacamuca samAjaghAtI kalpanA hai| bhogAkAMkSAkA khulakara khelane denese samAjameM pArasparika dhAtaprativAta Adi aneka cikitsya ulajhane paidA ho jAtI hai| isaliye pahale to bhogAkAMkSAko mAnyatA denA aura phira usase samAnatAkI sImAmeM baMdha kara rahanekI bhAzA bA~dhanA samyAvahArika lakSya hai / isa dRSTi se ina sAmyavAdiyoM aura samAjavAdiyoMkA lakSya bhanyAvahA. rika hai / isaliye hama ina avyAvahArika lakSyavAle sAmyavAdI samAjavAdiyoMko pAzcAtya sAmrAjyavAdiyoMkA hI nAmAntara karanA cAhate haiM aura ise samAjake liye utanA hI kalahavardhaka tathA prazAnta banA DAlanevAlA pA rahe hai jitanA ki pAzcAtya sAmrAjyavAdiyoMko pAte haiM / kaise pAte haiM so bhI dhyAna dekara suna lIjiye-- ye loga eka ora to sAmrAjyavAdiyoM kI pararASTrapara bhAkramaNa karanevAlI dhvaMsAtmaka yuddhanItikA virodha karake saMsArako apanI ora bhAkRSTa karane kA prayatna karate haiM aura dUsarI ora vizvazAnti yA choTe baDe mina bhinna rASTroMke pArasparika zAntipUrNa sahAvasthAnake eka khokhale siddhAntakA mAvi. kAra karake saMsArakI bholI janatAko Thagate cale jA rahe haiM / jo pArTI Page #654 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ anAryavAdoMkI AlocanA mina bhinna dezoM meM ucita anucitakA vidhAra syAgakara kisI bhI upAyase zAsaka jAti bana gaI hai una sabake sAtha na laDanekA samajhautA karake apane dezakI janatA para prabhatA karate rahane yA vahAMkI janatAkI laTakA ThekA liye rahane aura usapara apanI zoSaNanIti calAte rahane meM niSkaMTa bane rahanA hI ina logoMke vizvazAnti nAmake palAza kusumAyamAna nirgandha sundara dhyeyakI paribhASA hai| ina logoMkI vizva-zAntike peTameM sthArthalolu. patA kAma kara rahI hai| ina logoM kI vizvazAnti kevala itanA cAhatI hai ki saMsArabharakI zAsaka jAti banI huI prabhutAlobhI pArTiyAM paraspara saMgaThita raheM, apane apane adhikAra kSetra meM nirvighna manamAnA atyAcAra karatI raheM unake aisA karane meM koI kisIko na Toke, koI kisIkA pratidvandvI na bane aura ye loga vizvakI atyAcArita janatAke gharoMmeM rASTra kI Abhyantarika azAntikI bhAga anantakAla taka sulagAte rahane meM svatantra raheM / mApane bhogavAdiyoMkI vizvazAntikA khokhalApana dekhA / vaha vAstava meM azAnti hI hai| isakA pratyakSa udAharaNa dekhanA cAheM to bhAratako dekha lIjiye- bhArata jaise prAkRtika sImAbhoMse surakSita manAdikAla se bhakhaNDa rASTrako rAjyalobhI do pArTiyoMke aprajAtAMtrika samajhautene do vidyamAna khaNDoM meM bA~Ta kara rASTakI prabha janatAko akathanIya atyAcAroMkA mAkheTa banA DAlA aura use anAthAlayoM jaise dUSita zaraNArthI nAmase kalaMkita karake usapara manamAnA zAsana karate hue usakI manuSyatAko vikasita na hone denevAlA azAntikAraka nirvirodha rAjakIya SaDayantra cala rahA hai| saMsArakI vartamAna rAjanIti ke anusAra yaha SaDyantra bhI bhogavAdI zAsaka jAtiyoMkI vizvazAnti meM sammilita mAnA jA rahA hai| apane svecchAcArI zAsa. nakI sagamatAke liye rASTakI vAstavika svAminI janatAko manuSyatAse hIna, manaitika, cATukAra, niHzastra, napuMsaka, peTa pUjaka banAkara rakhanA prabhu. tAlobhI rAjanIti nahIM hai to kyA hai ? ina logoM kI bhautika unnatikI mApAta manorama yojanAyeM apane dudhAru pazuoMke liye acchA cArA upajA Page #655 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 628 cANakyasUtrANi nekI vyavasthAse adhika mUlya nahIM rakhatIM / kiMbahunA hama spaSTa dekha rahe hai ki samAjavAda yA sAmyavAda, pAzcAtya sAmrAjyavAdakA hI Adhunika anubhava ke AdhArapara gaThita mAdhunika saMskaraNa hai| pAzcAtya sAmrAjyavAdake mAdhunika saMskaraNa isa samAjavAda, sAmyavAda yA spaSTa zabdoM meM prabhutAvAdane bhogavAdI logoM meM pArasparika vivAda utpanna kara DAlA hai| dezakI janatAko aneka vidyamAna daloMmeM baoNTA diyA hai aura saMsArako sadAke liye mazAntikI bhAgameM jalate bhunate rahane kA hI mArga dikhAyA hai| bAta yaha hai ki samAjako bhogoMkA bhUkhA banAye rakhanevAlA yaha dInavAda mAvazyakatA paDanepara bhogoMkA virodha karanevAlI svAbhimAnake nAmapara bhogoMpara lAta mAra sakanevAlI saJco samAjasevA karanA hI nahIM caahtaa| yaha to jisa kisI prakAra samAjakA prabhu bana kara rahanA cAhatA hai| sArI hI rAjanaitika pArTiyo samAjakA prabha bana jAnA cAhatI hai| bhogavAdako lakSya mAna lene meM yaha doSa hai ki bhogecchAko na to kamI mAnavocita saMyama sikhAyA jA sakatA hai aura na kabhI use tRpta kiyA jA sakatA hai / jo mAnavako mAnava banAye rakhane ke liye atyAvazyaka hai| bhogecchAko asvIkRta to kiyA jA sakatA hai parantu use saMyata aura tapta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / bhogecchAko dUsaroMkA bhAga chInane tathA una. para anyAya DhAnese roka denevAlo koI zakti saMsArameM nahIM hai| jo samAja vyavasthA dehakI bhogAkAMkSAko apanA mUlAdhAra banAneko bhUlakara leto hai vaha kabhI bho samAjameM zAntikI rakSA nahIM kara sktii| dehakI bhoge. cchAkI tRptiko lakSya banAnA samAjaghAtI DarAvanI sthiti hai| dehakI bhogecchAkI taptiko lakSya banA lenA samAjako anaitika banAkara azAnta banA DAlanA hai / isake viparIta zAntiko mAnavajIvana kA lakSya banA lenA samAjako naitikatAke mArgapara calAnA tathA use saMyamakI sImAmeM rakhanA hai / zAntiko mAnavajIvanakA lakSya banAne kA hI dUsarA nAma sampattipara manuSyakA vyaktigata adhikAra na rahanA aura usakA samAjake sArvajanika Page #656 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ anAryavAdoMkI AlocanA sukhAdhikArameM calA jAnA hai / zAntiko jIvanakA lakSya banAne ko ho saMpa. ttikA samavibhAjana bhI kahA jAtA yA kahA jA sakatA hai| bhAdhunika bhAratIya prajAtaMtra bhI una bhogavAdI siddhAntoMpara bhAdhArita tathA saMgaThita humA hai jo (siddhAnta ) logoMko rAjyasaMsthAko aprajA. tAMtrika DhaMgase hathiyAnekI chaTa dete haiN| yahI kAraNa haA hai ki yaha mAdhu. nika bhAratIya prajAtaMtra rAjyasaMsthAko aprajAtAMtrika DhaMgase hathiyAnevAle saMgaThana ( pArTI ) kA bhogakSetra bana gayA hai| isa saMgaThana ke netAmokA ddezya dezakA naitika utkarSa mAdhanA yA dezake manako svAbhimAnI banAnA nahIM hai kintu dezako rAjyasaMsthAkA dAsa banAye rakhane ke liye usake sAmane bhogasaMgrahakI ve khokhalI yojanAyeM banA banAkara rakhate cale jAnA hai jo kendrase paricAlita hokara ina logoM kI kramika bhautika mahatvAkAMkSAoM meM iMdhana juTAne ke liye janakalyANake manohara nAmase apanAyI gaI haiN| __ yadyapi dezakI janatA hI samasta saMpattiyoMkI utpAdaka hai to bhI vaha apane bhogI svArthI zAsakoM ko kamA kamAkara khilAnevAlI majadUra tathA unhIMko ucchiSTa bUMdoM ko cATane vAlI bhikhArina banI huI hai / vaha inalogoM ke nandanakAnana ke bhI kAna kATanevAle koThI, baMgaloM tathA rAjaprAmAdoMko hI apane jIvanakA lakSya mAna baiThI hai / dezakI prabhutAlobhI pArTi. yoM kI kRpA bhAjake bhAratavAmI ke sAmane koI bhI mAnavocita Adarza nahIM choDA hai / ina logoMke bhogaparAyaNa kudRSTAntoMne dezake AdhyAtmika bhAda ko dezake sAmane mAnese kevala rokA hI nahIM hai pratyuta usapara ghAtaka prahAra bhI kiye haiM / janatA inake bhoganese bacIkhucI jUThanako saMgraha kara. nemeM pArasparika kalahoM, irSyAoM tathA pratihiMsAmoM meM DUba gaI hai aura samAjakA kalyANa kara sakanevAlo naitikatAkI jaMjIroMko nirdayatA ke sAtha tora pheMkane meM dinarAta lagI huI hai| apanI phUsakI jhoMpaTImeM ho pUrNakAma hokara rASTra sevAkA anupama mAnanda lenevAle bhArata para kudRSTi DAlanevAlI vaidezika zaktiyoMko dhakkA dekara pITa Page #657 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 630 cANakyasUtrANi pITakara dezase bAhara nikAla DAlanevAle apane hI buddhibalase tatkAlIna bhAratIya sAmrAjyake nirmANa tathA sthApanAmeM pramukha bhAga lenevAle mahAmaMtrI cANakyakI parNakuTose Adhunika bhAratameM prajAtaMtrI maMtriyoM ke nandanavanakI zobhAkI bhI ha~sI uDAnevAle rAjaprAsAdo tathA ina logoMko milanevAle isa nirdhana dezake prANa sokha lenevAle lambe-cauDe vetana-bhatte mAdi agaNita suvidhAoM kI tulanA to karake dekhiye aura phira nirNaya kIjiye ki prajAtaMtrakA bAnA pahananevAle Apake dezake prajAtaMtra kA vAstavika svarUpa kyA hai ? bhAratakA vartamAna prajAtaMtra nakkArakI coTa yaha ghoSaNA kara rahA hai ki yaha rAjyasaMsthA rASTrakI sevAke liye nahIM banAI gaI kintu rASTrako hI rAjya. saMsthAko sevAke kAmameM lAyA jA rahA hai / pAThaka bhAiye, samrATa candragupta ke mahAmantrIke nivAsasthAnapara prajAtaMtrI dRSTi ddaaleN| kavi vizAkhadatta cANakyakI kuTIkA varNana karate hue likhate haiM idamAryacANakyasya gRhaM yAvat pravizAmi (nATayena pravi. zyAvalokya ca ) aho rAjAdhirAjamaMtriNo gRhavibhUtiH !! kutaH? aba maiM mArya cANakyako kuTImeM calU~ ( kuTIke bhItara jAkara dekhakara ) oho ! gajAdhirAjake maMtrIke gharakI aisI nirAlI chaTA ! upalazakalametada bhedaka gomayAnAM baTubhirupahRtAnAM barhiSAM stoma eSaH / zaraNamApi samidbhiH zuSyamANAbhirAbhivinamitapaTalAntaM dRzyate jiirnnkuddym|| (aMka 3, zloka 15, mudrArAkSasa) usameM eka ora kaMDe toDaneke liye pattharakA TukaDA paDA hai, dUsarI mora cANakyase zikSA pAne vAle vAla vidyArthiyoMkI lAI huI kuzAyeM bichI huI haiM isake jIrNazIrNa bhItoMvAle jhuke hue chappara para homAgnikI samidhAyeM sUkha rahI haiN| Upara hama pAzcAtya sAmrAjyavAdake virodhameM janma lenevAle pAzcAtya samAjavAdako usIkA nAmAntara kahakara usake doSa dikhA bhAye haiM aura Page #658 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ anAryavAdoMkI mAlocanA 631 bhAratapara usake duSprabhAvakA digdarzana karA Aye haiN| parantu cANakya candraguptane jisa samAjavAdakA pracAra kiyA thA vaha barase baDe rAjyAdhikArako bhI svecchAcArakI chUTa na denevAlA pratyuta use sarvathA nirmUla karanevAlA aura sacce mayoM meM prajAtAMtrika sAmrAjyakA nirmANa karanevAlA thaa| mAjakA bhAratIya prajAtaMtra bhinna bhinna svecchAcArI prAntIya saMgaThanoMkI pArasparika svecchAcAritAoMkA hI samarthana karanevAlA tejohIna samUhamAtra hai| kendra prAntoMke kiye kisI anyAya para use rokane TokanekA sAmarthya nahIM rakhatA / svecchAcArakA damana hI samAjavAda hai| aura svecchAcArakA damana hI sacce prajAtaMtrakA dhyeya bho hai / cANakya tathA candraguptake itihAsakA adhyayana taba hI sArthaka ho sakatA hai jaba prajAtaMtra ke isa dhyeyako uauka ThIka samajhA jAya aura use apane dezakI rAjasattAmeM vyAvahArika rUpa bhI diyA jaay| yadi prajAtantra ke isa dhyeyakogyAvahArika rUpa nahIM diyA jAyagA to cANakya candragupta donoMne una dinoM sikandarako bhAratameM na ghusane aura na Thaharane dekara bhAratako jisa rogase bacAyA thA bhAratabhUmi usI rogakI upajAU bhUmi bane binA nahIM rahegI aura gA~voM se lekara kendra taka sampUrNa zAsana vyavasthAkA sikandarakA hI bhAratIya saMskaraNa bananA anivArya ho jaaygaa| manuSyakI bhogAndhatA kevala bAharavAle saMsArameM hI azAnti nahIM phailAtI vaha manuSya ke pArivArika sambandhoM ko bhI bigADatI hai / bhogAndha vyakti apane pArivArikoMse apanI vyaktigata sukhecchA pUrI karane ke atirikta unake sAtha koI bhI pAramArthika niHsvArtha kartavya kA pavitra sambandha rakhanA nahIM caahtaa| bhogAndha vyaktiko manovRtti dUSita hotI hai| vaha apane pArivArikoM ko bhI kevala apane svArthakA sAdhana banAnA cAhatA hai| usakI isa dUSita manovRtti ke kAraNa usake parivAra ke kisI bhI sadasya kI eka duparese koI sahAnubhUti nahIM rhtii| bhogAndha vyaktiyoMse saMcAlita isa prakArake parivAra kucha dina ApasameM laDa jhagaDakara chinna bhinna ho jAte haiM / Page #659 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi aise parivArakA putra pitA para honevAle atyAcArako apane para huA bhatyA. cAra mAnakara usake pratikArake liye udyata nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra bhrAtA mAdi anya saba pArivArika kisI vyakti para honevAle atyAcAra ke kartavya. hIna napuMsaka taTastha draSTAmAtra banakara khaDe dekhate raha jAte haiM / parivAroM meM se ho to rASTra banate haiM / dezake parivAra jisa manovRtti ke hote haiM rASTra bhI vaisA hI bana jAtA hai| parivAra bhogavAdI hoMge aura bhogavAdake prabhAva se paraspara sahayoga nahIM kara rahe hoMge to dezako sevaka kahAMse mileMge ? isa prakArake bhogavAdI parivAroM ke milanase bananevAle rASTa nibaMla rASTra hote haiN| isa prakAra ke rASTra kucha svArthI mahatvAkAMkSI logoMkI lUTa, hiMsA, dveSa Adi doSoM ko caritArtha karane ke kSetra mAtra bana kara raha jAte haiN| Apake vartamAna bhAratakA bhI yahI rASTrIya citra hai| ___ mogake liye jo koI udyama kiyA jAtA hai usa ( udyama) kA koha bhI naitika mAdhAra nahIM hotA / naitikatAkA prazna uThate hI bhoga prayojana. vAle uddezyoM ko vahAM Thaharane kA sAhasa hI nahIM hotaa| jo udyama samAjaka kalyANakI dRSTi se kiye jAte haiM ve hI naitikatAko bhittipara dRDhatAse khaDa raha sakate haiN| apanI bhogecchAko avaidha DhaMgase paritRpta karane kI bhAvanA hI anaitikatA bana jAtI hai / bhogecchA hI anaitikatAkI jananI hai| bhoge. cchAkA niyantraNa tathA avahelanAke dvArA samAjakalyANameM upayoga karanA hI naitikatA hai| samAjakalyANako svIkAra kara lenevAlI kartavya-buddhi hI naitikatAkI sabhrAnta paribhASA hai| mAryoMkI samAjavyavasthAkA Adarza isI naitikatAkI bhitti para AdhArita hai| mAtyantika duHkha nivRtti hI bhAratIya samAjavyavasthAkA mAdarza hai| Arya cANakyane apane niHspRha karmaTha jovanake udAharaNase sAmAjika bhAtyantika duHkhanivRtti nAmavAlI mAdhyAtmikatAkA yahI vyAvahArika rAjamArga bhAratako dikhAyA hai / usane apanI vyaktigata sukhecchAko samAjakI sukhasuvidhA (zAnti ) meM vilIna kara DAlA thaa| apanI vyaktigata sukhecchAko samAjakI sukha zAntimeM vilIna kara DAlanA hI Atyantika duHkhanivatti hai Page #660 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ anAryavAdoMkI AlocanA aura isIko sukhecchAkI pUrNa paritapti mI kahate haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM sukhe. cchA tyAga dene ke rUpa meM sukharUpatAko apanA lenA hI manuSyakI mAtyAntika duHkhanivatti hai| samAja meM isa mAdarzako mUrtimAna kara DAlanA hI bhArya cANakyakI vyAvahArika AdhyAtmikatA thI aura isIko ve lokakalyANakAriNo rAjanIti bhI kahate the| Arya cANakya AdhyAtmikatA tathA rAja. nItiko abhinna mAnate the / una jaise buddhimAnakI dRSTi meM ve donoM eka the / unake mantavyAnusAra rAjanIti tathA mAdhyAtmikatAko eka ( abhina ) samajha lenA hI jJAnakI sthiti hai / rAjanItiko AdhyAtmikatAse alaga samajha lenA hI bhogAkAMkSA hai. vyaktigata sakhAnveSaNa hai aura sAtha ho rASTradroha bhI hai / dUsare zabdoM meM rAjanItise alaga rahakara AdhyAtmika bananeko bhAvanA apane hitako samAjake hitase alaga samajhanevAlI nindita pravRtti hai / isa prakAra kI bhAvanA atyAcArI mAsurI zakike sAtha kriyAtmaka sahAnubhUti bhI hai aura dezadroha bhI hai| bhAjake saMsArameM prAya: bhogalakSyavAle saMgaThana hote haiN| bhogalakSyavAle saMgaThana sadA hI rASTra meM bhogAgni salagAte haiM, dveSa phailAta hai, dezako bhitra bhinna svArthI daloM meM bAMTate haiM, aura pariNAmasvarUpa zAntikA drAI karane. vAle ho jAte haiM / isa prakAra ke saMgaThana manuSyamamAjakI ekatAko naSTa kara DAlate aura use chinnabhinna karake zanihIna banA DAlate haiM / isa prakAra ke bhogalakSyavAle saMgaThana logoMkI manuSyatAko nA pairoM tale rauDha dete haiM aura unheM eka dUsarekA luTerA tathA sAmAjika dRSTi se maMdhA banA dete haiN| isa liye banA dete haiM ki aMdhoM kA zoSaNa tathA AkheTa donoM hI sugama hota haiM / samAjake dhUnatama loga isa prakAra ke saMgaThanoMkA netatva kiyA karate haiM / ye loga ujjvalaveSI dhUrta hote haiM aura kAnUnakI pakaDameM na pAkara apane mApa sAmAjika aparAdha karate rahane kI chUTa pA lete haiN| ya loga kAnUnase bhI UMcA pada lekara rahate haiN| ye kAnUna ke anusAra nahIM clte| ye to kAnUnako sapane anusAra calAte haiN| prabandha saba jaTilatAoMko sulajhAne ke liye jaba cAhate haiM kAnUna meM saMzodhana kara yA karA lete haiN| ye loga cora nAma Page #661 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi avikhyAta rASTrIya cora hote haiN| jaba isa prakAra ke saMgaThana rAjyasattAmeM hAtha DAlate haiM taba ina logoMkA uddezya rASTra meM svecchAcAra kara paravAnA pA lenA tathA Thase baDhAte cale jAnA hotA hai / isake viparIta samAjadveSiNI bhogAkAMkSAko miTA DAlane ke liye bananevAle, samAjakI sukhazAntimeM hI apanI vyaktigata sukhazAntiko vilIna kara DAlanevAle, saMyamake sarvakalyA. NakArI mArga para calanevAle saMgaThana, samAjako zaktimAna banAnevAle hote haiM aura sadA hI zAntikI upAsanA karate rahate haiM / isa prakArake saMgaThana bhogavAdI svecchAcArake atyanta virodhI hote haiN| ve mAnavakI bhogAkAM. bhAko nivRtti ke mArgapara le calanA cAhate haiM / aura mAnavako bhogAkAMkSAkA bhI samAja kalyANameM upayoga kara lenA cAhate haiM / sacce maMgaThana ve hoMge jo samAjameM sukhazAnti barasAne meM apanA saMpUrNa bala lagA dete haiN| ve cANakya pratipAdI trivarga ( dharma, artha, kAma ) ke upAsaka samAja meM se svecchAcArako haTAkara nyAya rAjya kI sthApanA kara dete haiN| trivargake saMbandhameM cANakya ke nimna gaMbhIra vicAra hai ki sukhakA mUla dharma hai / mukha dharmase hI utpanna hotA hai / adharmase utpanna honevAlA sukha sukhAbhAsa hai| adharmase sukha cAhanA manuSya kI buddhikA pramAda hai aura duHkhoMko nautanA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM duHkhakI atyanta nivRtti hI sukha hai / duHkhakI atyanta nivRtti rUpI sukha hI mAnava jIvana meM pAne yogya sthiti yA mAnava jIvana kA lakSya hai| dharmakA mUla artha hai / dharma artha se utpanna hotA hai / sadupAyoM se arjita martha hI artha hai / sadupAyoMse arjita artha hI dharmakA utpAdana kara sakatA hai / asadupAyoMse larjita dhana manuSya jIvana ke liye mahAn anartha bana jAtA hai / asadupAyoMse upArjita dhanase dhotpattiko koI AzA nahIM hai / dhotpAdaka artha dharmAnukUla rAjyavyavasthA honese paidA hotA hai / 'rAjAnaM prathamaM vindhAttato bhAyAM tato dhanam ' yadi rAjyavyavasthA dharmAnukUla na ho to dezakI vaha Arthika vyavasthA jisase samAjakI dharmAnukUla jIvanayAtrA cala sakatI hai, naSTabhraSTa ho jAtI hai / Page #662 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ anAryavAdoMkI AlocanA 635 rAjyakA mUla indriya vijaya hai| vyaktigata bhogecchApara pUrNa prabhutva hI rAjA yA rAjyAdhikAriyoM kI rAjyasaMsthA calAnekI mukhya yogyatA hai| rAjyakA lAbha tathA rakSA donoM hI kAma indriyavijayase hote haiN| dUsare zabdoMmeM sacce sukhakI jo mantima sAdhanA hai vahI to indriyavijaya hai| manuSya indriyAvajaya kara lene para apane manorAjyakA samrATa bana jAtA hai| kAmako manasija kahA jAtA hai / kAma manorAjyase utpanna hotA hai / kAmapartike sAdhana sukhadAyI, duHkhadAyI bhedase do prakAra ke hote haiM / kAmaprAptike sadicchA tathA duricchA ye do sAdhana haiM / saMdicchA kAmapUrtikA trivargAnusArI sukhada sAdhana hai / indriyavijaya pA lene para utpanna honevAlI icchA hI zAstrIya kAma hai / indriyoM kI dAsatA karake arthopArjana karanA duricchA hai| indriyoMkI dAsatA karake bhogopArjana karanA zAstravigarhita kAmakA rUpa hai| sadupAryoMse upArjita dhana sadicchAko pUrI karane kA sAdhana bana jAtA yA bana sakatA hai| sadupAyoMse upArjita dhanakA satya ke liye sadupayoga honA ani. vArya hotA hai / dhanakA satya ke liye sadupayoga ho mAnavadharma hai| ___ manuSya kA jo vAMchanIya sukha hai vaha use mAnavadharma pA lene se hI milatA hai| yahI manuSyasamAjakA sAmAjika bhAdarza hai| manuSya samAja meM isa maJca mAdarzako pratiSThita rakhanA hI manuSyamAtrakA vyaktigata dharma hai| manuSyakA yaha vyaktigata dharma samAjako sAmUhika sukha dene vAle dharma se alaga koI dharma nahIM hai| manuSya samAjakA dharma ke mArgapara mArUDha ho jAnA hI trivargakI prApti hai| trivarga prApti hI mokSa hai| yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM ki nivarga prApti hI mokSarUpameM pariNata ho jAtI hai| duHkha rahita sthitikA nAma hI to mokSa hai / indriyoMke bandhanase atIta rahanA hI jIvanmuktikI duHkharahita sthiti yA mokSalAbha hai| samAjakA jo uccatama Adarza hai vahI to mokSa hai / pAThaka jAne ki sapUrNa samAjako isa uccatama bhAdarza para le calanA hI to mArya rAjanIti hai| manuSya bhogalolupa hokara jIvana na bitAye kintu akhaNDa sukhako apanI muTThI meM karake bhogabandhanako tyAgakara jIvana vitAye arthAt logoM ke sAtha vyavahAra kare / isoko manuSyakA apane vyaktigata kalyANako samAja-kalyANameM vilIna kara denA bhI kahate haiM / yahI udAra Page #663 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi brAhmI sthiti bhI kahAtI hai aura yahI mArya rAjanIti bhI hai / sukhadAyI mAnavadharma yahI hai ki jJAnI manuSya apane jIvanako samAjakI AkhoM ke sAmane dhravanakSatra yA pAThyagranthake rUpameM samujjvala karake rakkhe / manuSya sadicchAse prerita hokara sadupAryose dhanopArjana karake usa dhanako satyakI sevAmeM lagAkara ( arthAt upta dhanase mAnavocita kartavya karake ) sukharUpa satyamayI sthitiko pA jAtA hai| manuSya ke jIvana vyApAra pratyeka kSaNa satyAzrita raheM yahI dharma, artha tathA kAma ke nivargako pAnekA bhAbhiprAya hai / sacce bhAryako kevala jIvana dhAraNa karane ke liye hI arthopArjana nahIM karanA hai kintu use isaliye arthopArjana karanA hai ki vaha satya ke liye jIvita rahanA cAhatA hai| vidyamAna va satyake liye jIvita rahane kI avasthAke naSTa hote hI arthopArjana tyAga baiThatA hai / taba usake sAmane satyake liye mAtmabalidAnakI sthiti bhI kharI hotI hai| satyake liye jIvita rahanA hI AyA~ka arthopArjanakA uddezya hai / satya ke liye arthopArjana anivArya rUpa se apane vyaktigata sukhakA sAdhana na banakara samAjake sArva. janika sukha kA sAdhana bana jAtA hai / yahI satyake liye arthopArjana hI mAdarza rASTra kI AdhArazilA hai / Page #664 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ atha cANakya-sUtrANAmakArAdikrama-sUcI sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi 33 akAmabuddhayaH 301 bhakArya pravRttI 260 akulInopi 429 akulInopi vi. akSadapi 278 akRte: 280 agamyAgamanAta 490 agnAvagnim 64 agnivat 75 bhagnidAhAdapi 254 ajarAmaravat ajIrNa ajJAninA 4.5 atijvalitopi 524 atithim 455 atidIptopi 454 bhatidIpi 146 atibhAraH 8. atilAbha: 426 atizUraH 439 bhatisaMgaH 453 atipravaddhA sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi 339 matyupacAraH 259 adAtAram 300 adravyaprayatnaH 293 adhanaH adhanasya manantaraprakRtiH anAryapambadhAt 100 bhanIhamAnasya anupadravam 95 anupAyapUrvam 210 anurAgastu 444 anRtamapi 444 bhanRtAdapi 413 annadAnam 546 apakSapAtena 405 apacakSuSaH apatyam 154 aparadhanAni 328 aparAdhAnurUpaH aparAhnikam 133 aparIkSyakAriNam 252 apratIkAreSu 359 apramattodArAn Page #665 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 638 cANakyasUtrANi. sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi 128 aprayatnAt 451 aprayatnodakam 173 apriye kRtam 173 apriyeNa kRtam 254 amaravat 78 amitraH 62 mamitravirodhAt 315 ayazo 52 ariprayatnam 77 arthatoSiNam 77 arthadUSakam 92 arthamUlam 91 arthamUlo 255 arthavAn 189 arthasamAdAne 11 arthasampad 189 arthasAmAnya 190 arthasiddhI 3 barthasya mUlam 191 madhIna eva 333 arthAnurUpam 502 arthArthama 73 artheSu 73 aSaNA 38 alabdhalAbhaH / sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi 42 alabdhalAbhAdi alasasya 356 alohamayam 145 alpasAram 160 avamAnAgatam 260 avamAnena 308 avasthayA 20 avinItam 14 bhavinItasvAmi 187 avizvasteSu 187 avinabdheSu 301 mazAstrakAryavRttI 480 azubhadveSiNaH 480 azubhavezAH 496 asatsamRddhiH 100 asamAhitasya 153 asaMzayavinAzAt 528 asahAyaH pathi 528 asahAyo na pathi 561 mahimAlakSaNa: A 555 sAkArasaMvaraNam 429 mAcAravAn 430 bhAcArAdAyuH 211 mAjJAphalam Page #666 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ krama-sUci sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi 525 AzritaduHkham 142 bhAzritairapi 503 itaH paramadhIta: 5 indrijayasya / 70 indriyavazavartinaH / 70 indriyavazavartI 300 indriyANAm 280 indriyANi sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrAANa 195 mAtmachidram 343 mAramachidram 535 mAtmachidram 84 mAtmani rakSite 5.3 Atmana: pApam 242 mAtmavinAzam 148 pAsmAnameva 502 pAsmA na 85 AtmAyato 284 prAtmArtham 548 AtmA hi 35 Apatsu 537 Apadartham 537 ApattIkArArtham mAmAtram 232 mAyasairAyasaH 232 mAyasairAyasam 232 mAyAsairAyasam 520 AryaH svamiva 310 mAryavRttam 189 Arthim 46 bhAvApaH 503 mAzayA 507 mAzAparaH 505 AzApare 507 AzA lajjAm 182 utsAhavatAm 66 uddhatavezadharaH 399 upakAro 180 upakartaryapakartum 241 upasthitavinAzaH upasthitavinAzaH 492 upasthitavinAzo 241 upasthitavinAzAnAm 94 upAyapUrvam 517 upAlambho R 159 RjusvabhAvaH 435 RNazatru 435 RNAgnizatru 435 RNAgnivyAdhiteSu Page #667 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi 200 ekAMgadoSaH 50 ekAntaritam 452 eraNDamavalambya 275 aihikAmuSmikam 250 kAdapi 07 kaMcidapi 329 kathAnurUpam 2.63 kadAcidapi 415 kadAcidapi 207 kadApi puruSama 3.1 kadApi maryAdAm 571 karmArambhopAyaH 423 kala ham 65 kasyacidartham 355 kAmyairvizaH 97 kAyaM puruSakAreNa 227 kArya bahutve 130 kAryabAhyo na 125 kAryavipatto 217 kAryasaMkaTepu 3.2 kAryasampadam sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi 29 kAryAkAryapradIpaH / 33 kAryAkAryatatvArtha 332 kAryAnurUpa: / 29 kAryAndhasya 126 kArthinA 96 kAryArthinAm kAryAntare 107 kAlavita 108 kAlAtikramAta 384 kuTumbArtham 376 kuTumbinaH 373 kuTumbinA 387 kulaM prakhyApayati 331 kulAnurUpam 551 kUTasAkSiNa: 567 kRmizakRnmUtra kha 423 khalatvam 57 gajapAdayuddhamiva 473 gatAnugatika 377 gantavyam 173 guNavadAzrayAta 176 guNa'vantamAzritya 14 guNavAnapi Page #668 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ krama-sUci sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi 305 guNe na massaraH 427 gurudevapAhmaNeSu 375 guruM ca daivaM ca 337 guruvazAnuvartI 362 gurUNAM mAtA 347 gaurdu karA 384 prAmArtham 404 cakSurdi 208 candanAdapi 206 candanAdInapi 346 ciraparicitAnAm 556 corarAjapuruSebhyaH 560 corAMzca 144 tato yathAIdaNDa 545 tatvajJAnam 475 tatvAraH 513 tadanuvartanam 466 tadvidvadbhiH 156 tadviparItaH 158 tadviparIta: 180 tadviparItaH .45 taMtram 475 tapaHsAra: tapasA 411 tapasvinaH 442 tapyate 571 tasmAta tAdRzaH 398 tilamAtramapi tIkSNadaNadaH 390 tIrthasamavAya 206 tRSNayA matiH 53 tejo hi 204 teSu vizvAsa 32 trayANAm 192 chidraprahAriNaH 383 janapadArtham 568 janmamaraNAdiSu 517 jalArthinAm 10 jitAtmA 440 jihvAyattI 220 jIrNabhojinam 221 jIrNazarIre 473 jIvibhiH 41 (cANakya,) 16 daNDapAdhyAt Page #669 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANa sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi 79 daNDanItim 83 daNDanItyAm 86 daNDanItyAdi 82 daNDabhayAt 80 daNDasampadA 80 daNDasarvasampadA 81 daNDAbhAve 89 dagaDe 89 daNDena 86 daNDohi 236 dayA dharmasya 212 dAtavyamapi 224 dAnam 155 dAna dharmaH 257 dAridvayam 485 duHkhAnAm 106 duranubandham 386 durgate; 557 durdarzanA hi 63 durbalAzrayaH 87 durbalopi 518 dudhasAm 473 durlabhaH 310 durlabham 438 duSkaram sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi 358 dukalatram 118 dussAdhyamapi 472 dUrasthamapi 107 dezakAlavit 210 dezakAlavibhAgoM 111 dezakAlavihInam 110 deze kAle ca 484 dahI deham 506 dainyAnmaraNam 99 daiva vinA 123 daivaM zAntikarmaNA 111 devahInam 524 daivAyattam 105 doSavarjitAni 68 dvayorapi 293 dhanahInaH 531 dharmakRtyeSvapi 237 dharmamUle 2 dharmasya mUlam 547 dharmAdapi 240 dharmAdviparItam / taH ] 238 dharmeNa jayati 234 dharmeNa dhAryate 527 dhIhIna; Page #670 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ krama-sUci sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi 213 syA 100 dhenoH kSIram 140 dhenoH zIlajJaH sUtrasakhyA satrANi 485 na cArdharAtrama 40 na cAlasasya 40 na cAlasyayuktasya 504 na cAzAparaiH 516 na cAsanama 262 na catanavatAma 270 na cauryAtparama 63 na jitendriyANAma 53 na jyAyasA 426 na tadviparIkSat 41 na tIrtham 324 na tvaritasya nadaNDAt 494 nadAlasamam 402 na kadAcit 415 na kadAcidapi 311 na kadApi 402 na kadApi 551 na kazcinnAzayati 74 na kAmAsaktasya 272 na kAlena mRtasya 439 na kRtaghnasya 264 na kRtArthAnAm 434 na kRtArtheSu 323 nakSatrAdapi 323 nakSatrAdi 164 na kSudhAtaH 277 nakSudhAsamaH 550 na ca kUTasAkSI 380 na cakSuSApi 403 na cakSuSaH 103 na calacittasya 483 na ca svarga 478 na ca strINAma 462 nacAgatam UN 454 nadoSaipi 433 na dujaneSu 215 na durjanaH 67 bhadavacaritam 129 madevapramANAnAm 407 na namaH 321 nanarmaparihAsaH 530 na nindanIyaH 286 na nIcottamayo: 392 na parakSetra Um0.00 Page #671 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi gasya sUtra saMkhyA sUtrANi 123 na parIkSyakAriNAm 181 na pApakarmaNAm 319 na puSpArthI 488 na putrasaMsparzAt 529 na punaH 456 na pravRddhatvam 41 na bhatyAn 174 namatyapi 174 namantyapi 321 na mahAjanahAsa: 508 na mAtrA saha 422 na mImAsyAH 272 na mRtasya 303 na mlecchabhASaNam 372 na rAja: 464 na rAtricAraNam 414 na vedabAhyaH / 69 na vyasanaparasya 500 nasatAma 391 na satIrthAbhi 534 na sadabuddhimatAma 361 na samAdhiH 535 na sarSapamAtram 5.4 na saMsArabhayama 313 na strIratnasamam sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi 317 na svaNasya 550 na syAt 501 na haMsAH 276 nahi dhAnyasamaH 439 nAkRtajJasya 168 nAgnima 471 nAcaritAt 54 nAtaptalo ( ho) ham 487 nAtidurvacanama 138 nAtibhoroH 535 nAmachidram 509 nAtmA 388 nAnapatyasya 421 nAnRtAt 406 nApasu mUtram 498 nAmbodhiH 437 nArthivavajJA 156 nAryAgataH 169 nAlpadoSAta nAsahAyasya 424 nAsti khala sya 355 nAsti gatizramaH 251 nAsti ( co ) caureSu 396 nAsti dehinAm 128 nAsti davAt Page #672 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ krama-sUci sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi 354 nAsti dhanavatAm 233 nAsti dharmasamaH 243 nAsti pizunavAdinaH 534 nAsti buddhimatAm 138 nAsti bhIroH 355 nAsti yAnavatAm 171 nAsti ratnam 417 nAsti satyAt 515 nAsti hagyasya 88 nAsthyagneH 233 nAstyadhImataH 214 nAstyadhRteH 152 nAstyanantarAyaH 533 nAyanAryasya 353 149 279 266 nAstyapizAcam nAstyaprApyam nAstya bhakSya m nAstya mAnamaya mU 315 nAstyarthaH nAstyarthinaH 448 184 nAstyalasasya 316 nAstyalamasya 353 288 505 nAstyAzApare nAstyavizAlam nAstyahakArasamaH sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi 202 nikRtipriyAH 514 nityaM saMvibhAgI 497 nimbaphalam 185 nirutsAhAv 185 nirutsAho 490 nizAnte 487 nimti 112 nItijJaH 48 nItizAstrAnugaH 203 nIcasya 274 nIcasya 302 nIcasya 17 naMkam 66 noddhRtaveSadharaH 344 nopacAraH 559 nyAyayuktam 559 nyAyavartitam 156 nyAyAgataH pa 225 paTutare 219 pathyam 275 payaHpAnam 467 paragRham 412 paradArAn 645 Page #673 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi 269 paradravyApaharaNam 244 pararahasyam 267 paravibhavAdaraH 266 paravibhaveSu 267 paravibhaveSu 495 parAyattepu 325 paricaye 134 parIkSya 113 parIkSyakAriNi 249 paropi 268 palAlamapi 333 pAtrAnurUpam 33: pitapazAnuvartI 166 pizunaH 243 pizunavAdinaH 567 puNyapApajanmahetuH 393 putrArthAH 382 putrAH 385 putre 521 no na 98 paruSakAram 284 puruSasya 294 puSpahInam 319 puSpArthina: 101 pUrva nizcitya sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi / 13 prakRtikopaH 12 prakRtisampadA 552 pracchannapApAnAm 553 pracchannaM yaskRtam 132 pratyakSaparokSA 400 pratyupakArabhayAt 491 pradoSe 25 pramAdAt 165 prANAdapi 385 prAyeNa 521 prAyeNa 431 priyamapyahitam 442 priyavAdinaH 235 pretamapi 37 balavAnalabdhalAbhe 55 balavAn hInena [hIne na] 432 bahujanavirudam 161 bahanapi 167 bAlAdApa 499 bAlukA api 527 buddhihInaH 219 bhakSyamapi 336 bhartRvazavartinI Page #674 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ krama-saci sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi 336 bhartRvazAnuvartinI 209 bhatradhikam 115 bhAgyavantam 436 bhU (tyA) syanuvartanam 427 bhUSaNam 368 bhUSaNAnAm 209 bherItADitam ma 352 matimatsu 350 matimuttiSThan 186 marasyavat matsyArthIva 186 45 maMtram 31 maMtrakAle 30 maMtracakSuSA 24 maMtraniHsrAvI :srAvaH 24 maMtrani: 22 maMtramUlA: 23 maMtrarakSaNe 23 maMtra saMvaraNa 27 maMtrasampadA 172 maryAdAtItama 172 maryAdAbhedakam 162 mahatA sAhasam 240 maddatI sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi 213 mahadaizvaryam 162 mahAtmanA pareNa 256 mahendramapi 397 mAtaramiva 247 mAtApi 341 mAtRtADitaH mAnI pratimAninam mAnI pratipattimAn 19 19 124 mAnuSIm 563 mAMsabhakSaNam 218 mitabhoja ( naH ) namU mitrasaMgrahaNe 36 231 mUrkheSu mUrkhavat 230 mUrkheSu vivAdaH 229 mUrkheSu sAhasam 517 mRgatRSNA 72 178 mRtpiMDopi mRgayAparasya 239 mRtyurapi 303 mlecchabhASaNam 304 mlecchAnAmapi ya 139 yaH kAryam 299 yaH parArtham 481 yajJaphalajJAH 647 Page #675 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 648 suprasaMkhyA sUtrANi yaraprayatnAt 93 240 yatra yatra yatra sukhena 599 460 yathAkulam 413 yathAcaritam 533 yathAjJaptam 458 yathAbIjam 409 yathAbuddhiH 144 yathAIdaNDakArI 408 yathAzarIram yathAzrutam yathaiva yaH 459 533 93 351 yadyapakAriNi 474 yamanujIvet yadalpaprayatnAt 271 yavAgUrapi 298 yazaH zarIram 357 yasmin karmaNi 147 yassaMsadi 136 yassvajanam 120 3.9 193 yAcikatvAta yA prasUte yAvacchatroH 482 yAvatpuNyaphalam 387 yena tatkulam sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi 157 yo dharmArthI 117 357 179 179 cANakyasUtrA rajataM kanakasaMgAt rajatamapi 379 rAjadAsI 445 rAjadviSTam 378 rAjapuruSaiH 532 43 44 4 65 371 521 374 yo yasmin karmaNi yo yasmin kuzalaH ra rAjAjJAm rAjyataMtrAyattam rAjyataMtreSu rAjya mUlama rAjyasya mulam rAjJaH pratikUlam rAjJo maMtavyama rUpAnuvartI riktahasta : la 282 lubdhasevI 425 lokayAtrA 240 loke prazastaH va 334 vayonurUpaH 245 vallabhasya Page #676 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ "krama-sUcI sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi 183 vikramadhanAH 565 vijJAnadIpena 8 vijJAnenAtmAnam 297 vidyayA 296 295 vidyA dhanam vinayazya vidyA ( vo ) caurairapi 6 170 vipazcitsvapi 366 viprANAM bhUSaNam 330 vibhavAnurUpam 258 virUpaH 489 vivAde 283 vizeSajJam 523 vizvAsaghAtinaH 188 viSaM viSameva 307 viSAdapi 441 viSAmRtayoH 90 vRttimUlam 20 vRttimUlorthaH 7 vRddhasevAyAH 364 vaiduSyam 364 vairUpyam 541 vyavahArAnulomaH 546 vyavahAre pakSapAtaH 554 vyavahAreztargatam 42 ( cANakya . ) sUtra saMkhyA sUtrANi 253 vyasanaM manAgapi 053 151 vyasanamanAH vyasanArtaH 62 535 za zaktihInaH zaktau kSamA 194 chidre 201 zatruM jayati 534 zatru na nindet 450 zatrubhiranabhi 516 zatrurapi pramAdI 516 zatrurmizravat 290 zatruvyasanam 192 zatrorapi 293 zatrorapi 306 zatrorapi 450 zatrorapi zarIre 222 543 zAstrajJopyalokajJaH 469 zAstrapradhAnA 544 zAstraprayojanam zAstrAbhAve 470 206 zirasi 216 zauNDahastagatam 21 zrutavantam 146 zrutisukhAt 649 Page #677 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 650 sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi 446 zrutisukhAH 28 zreSThatamAm 539 zvaH kAryamahya 347 zvaH sahasAt 348 vo mayUrAt pa 34 paTkarNAt 34 SaTakarNo maMtraH sa 240 sajjanagarhite 175 satAM matam 391 satIrthAbhigamanAt 168 satyamapi 549 satyasAkSI 418 satyaM svargasya 420 satyAddevo varSati 419 satyena 519 satsaMga: 500 santo'satsu 60 sandhAyaikataH 47 sandhivigraha 273 samakAle 9 sampAditAtmA 15 sampAdyAtmAnama cANakyasUtrANi sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi 137 sarvakAryA 531 sarvakRtyeSvapi 350 sarva jayati 542 sarvajJatA 26 sarvadvArebhyaH 566 428 562 549 137 sarvAnuSThAnAt 363 sarvAvasthAsu sarvamanityam sarvasya bhUSaNam sarvatra mAnyam sarvasAkSI 114 sarvAzva 367 sarveSAM bhUpaNam 533 savizeSaM vA 289 saMsadi zatrum 461 saMkRtaH 18 sahAyaH 370 sAdhujanabahula: 281 sAnukrozam 145 sAraM mAhAjanaH 538 sAhasavatAm 150 150 121 siddhasya 121 siddhasyaiva sAhase khalu sAhasena na Page #678 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ krama - sUcI sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi 1 sukhasya 457 sujIrNopi 373 sutamapi 558 sudarzanA hi 314 sudurlabham 438 suduSkaram 373 sudUramari 205 supUjitoSi 466 susaMskRta: 344 sopacAra: 449 saubhAgyam 318 striyopi 285 strINAmamaithunam 365 strINAm 449 strINAM bhUSaNam 479 strINAm 512 strINAM bhartuH 477 strI nAma 330 strIpu 443 stutA 309 sthAna eva 342 snehavataH 273 svakAle 136 698 svajanam svajanasya sUtrasakhyA sUtrANi 199 svajanAvamAnopi 246 svajaneSu 394 svadAsI 566 svadehe 447 svadharmahetuH 327 svabhAvaH 228 svayameva 326 svayamazuddhaH 463 svayameva 416 svarga nayati 482 svargasthAnam 401 svalpamapi 135 svazaktim 562 svazarIramapi 532 svazarIramiva 197 248 svahastopa 139 svAbhinaH zIlam 340 svAmini 533 11 230 335 532 svahastagatam svAbhino bhIruH svAbhisaMpat svAmI stotavyaH svAmyanukUla: svamyagrahaH 651 Page #679 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 652 cANakyasUtrANi sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi 501 haMsAH 197 hastagatamapi 104 hastagatAva 57 hastinaH 292 hitamapi 52 hIyamAnaH 52 hIyamAnena 526 hRdtamAcchAtha 51 hetutaH sUtrasaMkhyA sUtrANi 208 kSantavyamiti 571 kSamAyuktasya 536 kSamAyuktAH 536 kSamAvAneva 493 kSIrArthinaH 127 kSIrArthI 177 kSIrAzritam 141 kSudre 438 jJAtvApi / 122 jJAnavatAmapi 116 jJAnAnumAnaH 109 kSaNaM prati // shivmstu|| Page #680 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANikI zIrSaka sUcI pRSTha 1 se 26 rAjA 26 ur me 47 zIrSaka sUcI pRSTha zIrSaka sUcI bhUmikA sukhakA mUla zatrurASTra dharmakA mUla, arthakA mUla mitrarASTra rAjyakA mUla nirbala dhArmika rAjAkI indriyajayakA mUla saMdhinIti vinayakA mUla sabala dhArmika rAjAkI sandhiH zAsana-kuzalatA sIkhane kA sAdhana 6 nIti, sandhikA kAraNa yogya zAsaka banane kI vidhi yuddhakA avasara AtmavijayI zatruprayatnoMkA nirIkSaNa, jitAtmatAkA lAbha saMdhikA avasara prajAkI saMpannatA tathA rAjabhaktikA sandhimeM sAvadhAnatA kAraNa, prajAkI guNavRddhikA rAjadroha akartavya kAraNa somya veSa prajAjanoMkI guNavRddhise rASTrakA rAjadrohI saMgaThanoM kA vinAza mahAlAbha vyasanAsaktise hAni paMcAyatI rAjyakI kalpanA zUtase hAni mantrotpAdana mRgayAse hAni, mantrIkI niyukti ___kAmAsaktisa hAni mantraNAke ayogya, kaThora vANAse hAna maMtrIkI yogyatA kaThora daNDa se hAni mitrasaMgraha kA lAbha, Arthika saMtoSakI ghAtakatA balakA upayoga zatrudamana daNDanItipara nirbhara Alasyase hAni daNDanIti prajAkI saMrakSaka rAjyatantrakA lakSaNa tanna daNDakA mAhAtmya, AvApa, maNDala 45 daNDabhAvase hAni Page #681 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi zIrSaka sUcI zIrSaka sUcI pRSTha daNDake lAbha, daNDa AtmarakSaka 74 kAryakAla Talane kA duSpariNAma 91 rAjAkI AtmarakSAkA rASTrIya kartavyapAlanameM vilamba akartavya, katavyapAlanama mahatva 75 kArya prArambha karane meM jJayatatva 92 daNDaprayogameM sAvadhAnatA, rAjAkI viparIta paristhitimeM kArya karanese __ avajJA rASTrIya aparAdha 76 hAni rAjAkI yogyatAkA pramANa 77 karmameM dezakAlakI parIkSA kartavya 94 rAjacaritra arthalAbhakA AdhAra 78 suavasarapara karma karanakA lAbha, dharma tathA kAmakA AdhAra 79 sarvavidhasaMpatti saMgraha rASTrIya rASTrIya kAryokA AdhAra, kartavya upAyakA svarUpa aparIkSyakAritAkI hAni, upAyase kArya meM sukaratA kartavya parIkSAke sAdhana anupAyase kAyanAza 82 rAjakarmacAriyoMkI niyuktikA jIvana meM upAyakA mahattva 83 AdhAra, upAyajJatAkI mahimA 97 kartavyapAlana hI jIvana kA lakSya 84 anupAyaoNke karmoM kI mahatvahInatA 98 puruSArtha kI prabalatA, karmakA uttara kAryagupikI maryAdA kAla devakA adhikAra kSetra hai daivI vipattiyoM ke sambandhama kartavya 100 kamekAla nahIM mAnuSI vipattikA pratikAra, avyavasthita cittatAkI hAni, __ mUDha svabhAva kartavyatAnizcayase anantara vyavasthApaka bholApana na barane 104 kAryArambha, vilambakAritA kAryavinAzakA kAraNa, kAryaka! dUSaNa ___asaphala honevAle loga 106 caJcalacittatAko hAni, prApta sAdha. kartavyase bhAgane kA duSpariNAma, nAMke anupayogase hAni 88 andhA mAnava nirdoSa kamI kI durlabhatA 89 kartavyanizcayake sAdhana, azubha pariNAmI karma akartavya, ___ aparIkSyakAritAkIhAni 108 kAryasiddhimeM anukUla samayakA vipatti haTAne kA upAya, karma mAhAtmya 90 prAraMbha karane kI avasthA 109 107 Page #682 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zIrSaka sUcI 655 247 zIrSaka sUcI pRSTha zIrSaka sUcI pRSTha amRtabhojI mAnava 110 samAjakalyANakArI trivargAntargata Aya baDhAneke upAya, kAma 138 kApuruSakI kartavyahInatA 111. kAma kI dAsatAse hAni 132 svAmIke svabhAva paricayakA lAbha, samAjameM niSkapaTaoNkI nyUnatA 140 ___ guhya batAne ke anadhikArI 112 sAdhupuruSAMkI arthanIti 144 mRdukhabhAvase hAni, laghu aparA- / eka pradhAnadoSa samasta guNanAzaka 145 / dhameM kaThora daNDase hAni 113 mahatvapUrNa kAma apane hI daNDameM aucityakI AvazyakataH 114 agambhIratAme hAni, bahutAkA viSama paristhiti meM bhI caritra. / 116 kartApana kAryanAzaka rakSA kartavya vizvAsapAtra rahanA prANarakSAme zaktise adhika bhAra uThAne se hAni 119 adhika mUlyavAna , sabhAmeM vyaktigata kaTAkSa hAni pizuna kI hAni kAraka 122 upayogI bAta nagaNya kI bhI ne, kodha karanese apanI hAni 124 matya azraddhAlase mata kaha 149 sutyakI mahattA 125 satyakI azraddhayatA anivArya 150 kevala bhautika zaktikAyakA upAya guNimokA Adara karanA sIkha 151 nahIM, sAhasameM lakSmIkA vAsa 123 vidvAn bhI nindakAke lAgcha. dhyasanAsaktise hAni 127 noge nahIM bacata samaya durupayogase hAni 128 vidvAnakI nindA nindakakA munizcita vinAzase anizcita aparAdha vinAzameM lAbha, dUsaroMkA vizvAsake sadA ayogya uttaradAyitva svArthamUlaka 129 avidhAsIko vizvAsa rAtra dAna svahitakArI kartavya 134 banAnA astavya 154 dAnakA ucita mArga 136 kapaTapUrNa namratAkA vidhAna mata anAryapracalita vyartha AcaraNa karo, sAdhumpoMke nirNaya ke anarthajanaka. saccA dhana 137 viruddha calanA akIrtana 155 Page #683 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 656 cANakyasUtrAANa 167 aizvaryakA phala zIrSaka sUcI pRSTha zIrSaka sUcI pRSTa anubhavIke satsaMgase lAbha 156 nIcoMkA khabhAva duSToMkA nIca svabhAva nIcako samajhAnA akartavya, buddhimAnakA kRtajJa svabhAva, nIcakA vizvAsa akartavya 177 pApiyoMkI nirlajjatA 159 nIca svabhAva utsAhake lAbha apamAna karanA akartavya 179 vikrama hI rAjadhana, niraparAdhoMko kaSTa mata do 182 Alasyase vinAza 164 apamAna sahanevAlaoNpara atyAcAra puruSArthIkA kartavya, mata karo 184 vizvAsake apAtra mantrasabhAmeM nirbuddhiko mata baiThAo 188 kAryasiddhameM vairIkA sahayoga pariNAmase hitabuddhi pahacAno 189 hAnikAraka vairI vizvAsakA apAtra mUDhokA dAnakleza 192 saMbandhakA AdhAra 169 baDese baDA aizvarya asaMyamIko __ nahIM bacA sakatA zatruko mitratAse Thagane kI avadhi, / kSudra sadA tyAjya zatruko asahAya choDa denekA saMsargake ayogya, duSToMke guNa samaya 171 bhI doSa, saccI buddhi 196 zatruko balavAna dIkhaneke Ayo mita bhojanakA pariNAma jana karo 172 nIroga rahane kA upAya zatruka, svabhAva, adhIna zatrukA vArdhakyameM vyAdhikI upekSA akartavya. vizvAsa mUDhatA, rAjakarmacAri ajIrNameM bhojana kI hAni 201 yoMke durAcAra rokanA rAjAkA vyAdhikI hAnikArakatA, svahitakArI kartavya 173 dAnakI mAtrAkA AdhAra 202 eka karmacArIke pApase saMpUrNa anucita ghaniSTatA baDhAnevAloMse rAjavyavasthA dRSita 174 sAvadhAna raho, lobhase hAni 204 sadAcAra zatruvijayakA amogha aneka kartavyoM meM se eka chAMTanekA sAdhana 175 AdhAra 205 Page #684 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zIrSaka sUcI 57 karo kA kasoTI 215 mahatva zIrSaka sUcI pRSa zIrSaka sUcI pRha bigaDe karmakA svayaM nirIkSaNa 208 duSToMse sambandha hAnikAraka duHsAhasa mUoMkA svabhAva, hitaiSitA hI bandhutA 227 __ mUkhA~se vAgyuddha akartavya 209 vizvAsake ayogya 228 duSToMko balase samajhAnA saMbhava 210 isa samaya zatrutA na karanevAle mukhoMke sacce mitra nahIM hote, bhI zatruko naSTa karane meM pramAda kartavya hI mAnavakA anupama mata karo mitra 212 vipatti yA durvyasanako choTA dharmakA mahatva mAnakara upekSA na karo 230 dharmakI mAtA | dhana upArjanIya hai manuSyatAkI rakSA hI satya aura dhanArjanake prayatna sthagita mata dAnake ThIka hone kI kasoTI 215 : manuSyatAkI rakSArUpI kartavya daridratAke doSa __ pAlana vizvavijayakA sAdhana 216 kartavyaniSTa mautase bhI nahIM maratA nIca apamAnase nahIM DaratA, manameM pApa baDhanepara dharmakA vyavahAra kuzalakI nibhayatA, apamAna 217 jitendriyakI nirbhayatA, vyavahArakuzalatA hI buddhimtt| saphala jIvanakI nibhayatA 235 hai, nindita kAma mata karo 219 sAdhukI udAra hATa 238 vinAzake cinha, pizunako gupta paradhana ke sambandhameM zreSTa nIti 239 bAta na batAo 220 paradhanalolupatAse hAni, pararahasya sunanA akartavya 221 paradhana kI agrAhyatA 240 rAjyasaMsthAkA naukarazAhI bana. cArI manuSyakA sarvAdhika vinAza, jAnA pApamUlaka tathA pApa. samAjameM naitikatAke Adarzajanaka 222 kI rakSAke liye alpasAdha. hitaiSiyoMkI upekSA akartavya 224 noMse jIvana bitAne kA vrata svajanoMse svArthalolupa vyavahAra lo, sAdhanAMka upayogakA hAnikAraka ucita samaya pahacAno Page #685 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 658 cANakyasUtrANi zIrSaka sUcI pRSTha zIrSaka sUcI pRSTha abhutvarakSA rAjyasaMsthAkA sArva- vidyA yazAkarI / 262 dika kartavya, yaza mAnavakA amara deha katavyameM samayakA mahatva 243 sabake svArthako apanA samajhanA nIva ke jJAna kA nIca upayoga 244 satpuruSatA hai caritraka' jIvanavyApI prabhAva, zAstrakI upakAritA jIvana meM annakA mahatvapUrNa nIcase vidyAgrahaNa hAnikAraka 267 sthAna 245 azlIla bhASaNa agrAhya rAjyasaMsthA kA sabase bar3A zatru, saMghaTana mlecchoM se zikSIya 270 nikammoMkA bhakhoM maranA zatruoMkA raNakauzala zikSaNIya 271 nizcita 46 kalyANakAriNI paristhiti banA. sudhAkI vikarAlatA. indriyoM ke denevAlekA sammAna 273 durupayogakA duSpariNAma 247, apane prabhAvakSetra meM ho manuSya kI prabhu banAne yogya, lobhIkA prabha banAne se hAni 149 Arya sadAcAra pAlanIya 279 AzrayaNIya prabhuke guNa, maryAdolaMghana akartavya, guNI samAna vAhase gArhasthya puruSa ke amanya dhana 278 jIvana ko dukhadatA 250 sacaritra tapanvinI striyA~ rASTraka anupama ratna manupyakA sabase baDA varI 252 guNI strI puruSoM kI durlabhatA samAsabhA meM vAyuse vATayavahAra kI jakA mahAdurbhAgya, nIti nindita AcaraNa jIvana kI zatrukA sarvanAza karanA mAnavIya bhISaNa avasthA __ kartavya 256 alasa vidyAkA anadhikArI 281 dhanahInatA se buddhinAza 257 straiNa kartavyahIna tathA duHkhI 282 dhanahInatA kI hAni 259 straiNa striyoMse bhI apamAnita nidhanoM kA samma nita dhana, bhrAnta upAyoMse sukhAnveSaNa vidyAdhanakA zreSThatA niSphala 283 254 Page #686 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zIrSaka sUcI 659 zIrSaka sUcI pRSTha vIrSaka sUcI pRSTha sIdhe sAde satyaniSThoMkA parihAsa nirbalase sadoSa paricita nahIM akartavya 285 choDe jAte 307 azlIla parihAsa na karo, rUkhe sahayogIkI zreSThatA, kAraNasaMgrahame kAryasaphalatA 286 vartamAna choTI sthiti AzAka kAraNasaMgraha kA mahatva, baDe mesi anchI zainyArthI muhUrta nahIM dekhatA 287 anaitikatA kartavyabhraSTatAkI doSa jJAnakI sthiti, buroM ke liye utpAdaka, vizvavijayI mAnava 309 saMsAra meM koI bhalA nahIM 288 buddhivijaya udIyamAna mAnavakA svabhAva nahIM phaTa sakatA 289 sabase pahalA kAma, daNDakA parimANa krodhapara kopa karanA kartavya 20 uttara kaisA ho ? vivAda kinase na kiyA jAya ? 612 vaghabhUSA kA ho? aizcaryameM paizAcikatA anivArya 313 AcaraNa kaisA ho ? prayatna kitanA ho ? dhanopAsaka sukarmase mAnavAcita prasannatA pAne ke anadhikArI 315 dAna kitanA deM? vivAha prathA svakRra aparAdha veza kasA ho ? natya kaisA ho ra 298 rodhaka svecch| dharmavandhana 37 bhAryA kaisI ho 299 niyuktikI yogyatA, ziSya kasA ho ? 300 duSkala kI dukhadAyitaH 318 putra kaisA ho? apramattapati patnI ko sumArgapara anucita Adara tathA bheTa mata rakhanekA adhikAra 322 saho, kupita svAmIpara prAMta. bIjAtikI avidhAgyAtA kopana karake apanI ml| sudhAro ajJAna aura cocalya strIsvabhAva 321 hitaSiyoM ke roSameM aniSTa bhAvanA jIvana meM mAtAko sarvopari myAna 322 nahIM hotI, mUDhakA svabhAva 304 mAtRsevA atyAjya kartavya 323 dhUtaHkA vazIkaraNa mantra, vidvatAvirodhI AcaraNa dhUrtatAvAlI sevA upacAra hai, dehAGgokI nagnatAkI asayatA zaMkanIya sevA 306 striyoMkA alaMkAra 20 Page #687 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 660 zIrSaka sUcI brahmajJAna brAhmaNoMkA alaMkAra kartavyapAlana mAnavamAtrakA ahaMkAra alaMkAroMkA bhI alaMkAra bhujabalase nirupadrava banAye dezameM raho saccA deza rAjaniyama zraddhA se pAlo rAjA rASTrabhara se dharmapAlana karAnevAlA jIvita devatA rAjazaktikA vyApaka karmakSetra rAjadarzanakA AcAra pRSTha zIrSaka sUcI 329| patnItvakA sadupayoga 330 331 sthiti, putratyAgakI sthiti, sarvatyAgakI sthiti guNavAn putrake lAbhako prazaMsA saccA putra saccA puruSa suputra vinA sukhakI asaMbhavatA, bhAryAtvakI saphalatA brahmacaryavinAzakI sthiti 333 334 335 336 337 338 gurudarzana tathA devadarzanakA AcAra 340 rAjAke pArivArikoMkA satkAra rAjapariSatkI gatividhi se 349 paricita raho 342 pitAkA svarga 343 rAjadhana agrAhya, 344 santAnake prati pitAkA kartavya grAmINa svArthake balidAnakI sthiti 345 kauTumbika svArthake balidAna kI 366 348 350 352 353 354 cANakyasUtrANi vinAzakA pUrvacinha, sukhaduHkha jIvanakI anivArya sthiti sukhaduHkha svotpAdita sAdhukA upakAraka ke prati Atmavikraya vaibhavakI malAI burAI buddhipara nirbhara krodha ke uttara meM krodha mata karo, jitendriya samAja ke mUlyavAn apAtrakA upakAra akartavya anAryakI akRtajJatAkA kAraNa upakArakake prati sAdhukI kartavya zIlatA, devApamAna akartavya 365 ghaTanAsthala ke pratyakSa darzanakA dhana paradArAbhigAmI samAjakI pRSTha 357 366 mahatva sArvajanika jaloM ke prati kartavya 368 nagnatA asAmAjika sthiti, jJAna dehotpAdaka samAjake anusAra zAntikA zatru, annadAnakA mAhAtmya dharmakA mUlAdhAra dharmadroha akartavya svargakA sAdhana 358 359 361 363 364 369 371 373 374 376 377 378 Page #688 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zIrSaka sUcI 335 zIrSaka sUcI pRSTha zIrSaka sUcI pRSTha sarvazreSTha tapasyA 379 priya vANIkA mahAtmya 402 svargakA sAdhana 380 durvacana dvaSotpAdaka 404 samAjavyavasthA rakhanevAlA tatva, rAjAkA dveSya bananA akartavya 407 devoMkI kRpA barasAnevAlA tatva 381 madhura bhASaNakA prabhAva 409 sabase bar3A pApa kukarmIkA pazcAtApa, guruoMkI bhAvanA samajhanekA satpuruSakA khabhAva __ prayatna karo, durjanatAse baco 386 gauravahIna loga, striyoMkA bhUSaNa 411 dhUrtIkI mitrahInatA, vaidha jIvikA zatrakI bhI anAzya 412 daridratAke kaSTa jIvanodyogoMkI zatruse rakSA 414 saccA vIra, kSudra ke bharose balavAnse mata mAnavacaritrakA AbharaNa 390 bigADo, dehakI vizAlatA manuSyamAtrakA bhUSaNa, jayakA sAdhana nahIM AyatvakI pahacAna, AcAra pAlanake lAbha nirbala manase balake kAma nahIM avaktavya kiye jAte, baDhoM kA guNI vyaktitvake pIche na calakara honA anivArya nahIM 416 satyake pIche calo 393 duSprakRtivAle sAravAna nahIM banate, durjanoMkA sAjhA hAnikAraka, santAna mAtApitAke samAna 417 sabhAgyazAlI nIcoMse buddhi zikSAdIkSAke anusAra, saMbandha akartavya AcAra kulake anusAra 418 RNa, zatru tathA vyAdhike saMbaMdha meM UMcese UMce vidyAlaya kulAcArase gaMbhIra katavya, sampanna UMcA AcaraNa nahIM sikhA jIvanakA mAhAtmya 397 sakate, adhruva mahAn ke liye yAcakoMkA apamAna akartavya 398 dhruva alpako mata tyAgo 419 nIca prabhukA svabhAva 399 duHkha manuSyakI svecchAsvIkRta / akRtajJa sarvadA duHkhI vyAdhi 400 vRddhi yA vinAza suvANI jIvanakA UMcA mApadaMDa manuSya ke kuvANIpara nibhera, sukhakA vinAzaka, viSa tathA amRtakA bhaMDAra 101 rAtribhramaNa akartavya 421 Page #689 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrAANa pRSTha __ zIrSaka sUcI pRSTha zIrSaka sUcI rAtri jAgaraNa akartavya, manakI bandhanahIna sthiti jIvanAcAra kulavRddhoMse sIkho 422 duHkhoMkI ekamAtra cikitsA 440 paragRhapraveza akartavya, anAryasaMbaMdha akartavya 443 asaMyamane samAjako bhraSTA- nindita kulotpannakA cinha, cArI banA diyA hai ____ saMsArakA mahatvapUrNa sukha 445 lokAcArakA AdhAra 425 andhA virodha akartavya, zAstrAbhAvameM ziSTAcAra hI zAstra, dainika kartavyoMpara cintAkA ziSTAcAra zAstrase adhika mAnya 426 vinAzonmukhakA cinha 447 rAjAkI dUradarzitAkA sAdhana, vRthA karma tyAjya, sarvottama __saMsAra meSamanovRtti hai 427 vazIkAra, parAdhIna bAtoMmeM meSamanovRtti saMsArameM buddhi utkaNThA varjita mAnakA kartavya 429 pApIke dhanakA durupayoga svAminindA akartavya 430 pApI dhana sajjanake kAma nahIM indriyanigraha jIvanakI parama AtA, bure acche kAmoMmeM vizeSatA dhanavyaya nahIM kara sakate 450 asAdhAraNa manobalakA kAma, bhale buroMse hilamilakara nahIM strIbandhana samasta pApoM 451 tathA utpAtoMkA mUla 433 saMsAra bhojana aura bhogameM vicAradharmA logoMkA striyoMse __ jIvana naSTa kara rahA hai 452 kartavyamAtrakA saMbandha, AzAke dAsa sadA zrIhIna 456 AtmavettA hI vedajJa hai 434 AzAke dAsa sadA adhIra 457 sukhoMkI asthAyitA 435, anutsAha mRtAvastha! 458 bhogAnukUla karma ke prabhAvakA kAla 436 AzAke dAsa nirlaja, sabase baDA duHkha 437 AtmaprazaMsA aktavya 459 mAnava kevala vartamAna meM sukha divAzayana akartavya, cAhatA hai 439 aizvaryAndha nirviveka 462 Page #690 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zIrSaka sUcI pRSTha zIrSaka sUcI pRSTa zIrSaka sUcI nArIkA sarvazreSTa deva 465 anAryakI nirdayatA 488 atithi-pUjA 466 zatruke prati buddhimAnkA dRSTikoNa 489 dAna dainika kartavya 467 sabhAmeM zatruse vyavahArakI nIti, dAna avyartha sAthI 469 zatruko apanA nirbala rUpa shtruke| pachADanekA upAya, ajite- mata dikhAo ndriyatAse parAjaya nizcita 170 sahanazIla tAkI prazaMsA 492 ajitendriyatAse ThagaImeM AnA kSamAse pratikArakA sAmathya 494 nizcita ApatkAlIna koza Avazyaka 495 durvinIta ulahane se na mAnakara asatyavirodhI vIroMkI sahAyatA ___ daNDase mAnatA hai, kasAhitya svahitakArI kartavya 497 samAjako bhraSTa karatA hai 472 kartavya abhI kreN| bhUmikA svarga 474 dharma vyAvahArika ho AryakA udAra bartAva 475 puruSaparIkSA hI sarvajJatA AkRtise guNoM kA prAthamika bhAnavako na pahacAnanevAlA muDha, AbhAsa 476 zAstrakI upayogitA 501 vastavya sthAnakI paribhASA 477: tatvajJAnakA avazyaMbhAvI phala 502 vizvAsaghAtIkI durgati 478 vyavahArako mukhada banAne kA upAya 503 durghaTanAoMse mata ghabarAo 480 vyavahAra kI dharmase mukhyatA sAdhukA AzritoMse sadvartAva 481 arthAt vyavahAra aMgI dharma anAryakA kapaTI vyavahAra 482 usakA aMga 504 sadbuddhihInatA hI paizAcikatA 483 vyavahAra kA sAkSA AtmarakSAke sAdhanoM ke sAtha saMsArabharakA sAkSI yAtrA karo 484 sAkSIkA dharma 507 putrastuti akartavya, kUTasAkSIko hAni 502 svAmIkA yazogAna bhRtyakalavya 485 pratyeka vyavahArakA apane Upara rAjAjJApAlanameM vilamba akartavya 486 nama vilamba aktavya 489 prabhAva, pApIko dekhane vAlI bhRtyakA dharma 487 prakRtise sAkSI lo 510 500 0 0 Page #691 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ cANakyasUtrANi 537 zIrSaka sUcI pRSTha zIrSaka sUcI pRSTha pApa pApIke hI mukhase svIkAra duHkhakA svarUpa karAyA jA sakatA hai 514 duHkhase nistArekA upAya AkRtipara caritrakI chApa A tapovRddhikA sAdhana 539 jAtI hai 518 tapasyA sarvakArya sAdhaka 541 AkArasaMgopana asaMbhava 519 pariziSTa prajA tathA rASTra ke dhanako coroM prasaMgocita AlocanA 543 __ tathA rAjakarmacAriyoMse bacAo, cANakyakA maMtritva tyAga prajAse na milanevAle rAjA Aye cANakyakA itivRtta 568 prajAke vinAzaka 520 Arya cANakyakI nAti prajAraMjanakA upAya, nyAyI Arthika AdhAroMpara samAjarAjAke prati prajAkI bhAvanA 521 racanAke doSa nyAyI rAjAkA lAbha, rAjAkI dinacaryA 595 rAjAkA kartavya 522 samrATa candragupta 600 dharmakA lakSaNa 524 candragupta naMda vaMzakA nahIM thA 602 satpuruSakA lakSaNa 525 itihAsa lekhakoM kA uttaradAyitva 611 rAjanaitika ThagoMkA mAnanIyoM ko aitihAsikokA vartamAna kartavya 614 nIcA dikhAnA, vartamAna bhArata nindita AhAra 528 Arya anArya svAmrAjyoM kI jJAnI ke liye saMsArameM duHkha nahIM hai 530 tulanAtmaka AlocanA 621 jJAnadIpakase saMsArAndhakArakA vartamAna rAjanaitika sAmyavAda, vinAza samAjavAda Adi anAryasArA hI saMsAra mRtyukA grAsa, vAdoMkI AlocanA 624 dehAsakti mAnavakA ajJAna 532 cANakya-sUyANAmakArAdizarIra mAnava nahIM vaha usakA krama-sUcI 637 se 652 eka sAdhana 535 zIrSaka sUcI 653 se 664