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________________ bhArata ke sAMskRtika abhyudaya meM prAkRta kA yogadAna - DaoN. jayakizana prasAda khaNDelavAla saMskRta aura prAkRta donoM bhASAoM kA apUrva sammilana ati pUrvakAla meM huaa| ye donoM bhASAeM bhAratIya saMskRti ke abhyudaya meM samAna rUpa se apanA-apanA mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhatI hai| bhAratIya vAGmaya ke zilpiyoM ne ina bhASAoM kA yatheccha prayoga kiyA hai / unhoMne inake mAdhyama se apanI bahumukha pratibhA ke maNi-darpaNoM meM bhArata ke jJAna-vijJAna mukha ko pratibiMbita kiyA hai| saMskRta ke sAtha-sAtha calane vAlI prAkRta bhASA kA kSetra viziSTa vidvAnoM taka hI sImita nahIM rahA varan yaha vyApaka kSetra vAlI lokabhASA ke rUpa meM abhivyakta huI / prajAoM kI bhASA hone se ise prAkRta nAma diyA gyaa| 'prakRtau bhava: prAkRtaH'- jisakA prakRti se udbhava hai, vaha prAkRta hai| isa artha meM prakaraNa-saMgati ke anusAra jana-bhAratI ko hI prAkRta nAma milaa| isakA prasAra loka meM jana-sAdhAraNa meM thA, yaha bAta jainAcArya ke eka zloka se spaSTa ho jAtI hai-- bAlastrImandamUrkhANAM nRNAM cAritrakAMkSiNAm, pratibodhAya tatvajJaiH siddhAntaH prAkRtaH kRtaH // arthAt tattvajJoM ne cAritra saMbaMdhI upadeza kI icchA rakhane vAle bAlaka, strI, mandabuddhi tathA mUoM ke pratibodha ke lie siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana prAkRta meM kiyaa|' saMskRta sAhitya ke prAcIna nATakoM meM strI, ceTI, bhRtya tathA isa koTI ke anya sAmAnya pAtroM kI bhASA prAkRta milatI hai| 134 zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha
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________________ isakA Azaya yahI hai ki jana sAdhAraNa kI ruci kI rakSA ke lie nATya maMca para pAtroM ke saMvAdoM meM saMskRta ke sAtha-sAtha prAkRta bhASA ko sthAna denA usa samaya meM Avazyaka thA / yadi vidvad-varga ko saMskRta priya thI, to sAmAnya jana ko prAkRta bhASA samAna rUpa se priya thI / ataeva apane abhineya rUpakoM ko prasiddha aura lokapriya banAne ke lie hI saMskRta ke nATakakAroM ne prAkRta ko apane nATakoM meM ucita sthAna diyA / loka kI sAdhAraNa vyavahAra kI bhASA ke prati prAcIna nATya racayitAoM kA yaha dRSTikoNa sarvathA samIcIna thA / unhoMne saMskRta aura prAkRta donoM bhASAoM kA samAna rUpa se prayoga karake apane vizada bhASA jJAna kA paricaya diyA hai / vastuta: vaha donoM bhASAoM ke vyAkaraNoM ke marmajJa the / prAkRta bhASA samRddha bhASA hai / 'prAkRta zabdAnuzAsana' meM prAkRta kI prazaMsA karate hue likhA gayA hai ki analpArthaH sukhoccAraH zabdaH sAhityajIvitam / sa ca prAkRtameveti mataM sUtrAnuvartinAm // ' arthAt 'sAhitya ko saMjIvana pradAna karane ke lie aise zabdoM kI AvazyakatA hai, jinameM artha bahulatA ho, uccAraNa sukhapUrvaka ho aura isake lie prAkRtabhASA hI upayukta hai / ' prAkRta bhASA ke sabhI prAcIna vaiyAkaraNoM ne prAkRta kI utpatti saMskRta se mAnI hai / saMskRta bhASA ko hI AdhAra mAnakara unhoMne prAkRta ke dhvani-bheda Adi kA vivaraNa diyA hai| hemacandra Adi kA yahI vicAra hai prakRtiH saMskRtam tatra bhavaM tat AgataM vA prAkRtam / I prakRti kA artha hai - mUlabhASA saMskRta, usase utpanna bhASA prAkRta hai / 'prakRti: saMskRtaM bhavaM prAkRtamucyate' (prAkRta- sarvasva) Adi aneka kathanoM se uparyukta bAta pramANita hotI hai| isa prakAra saMskRta kA hI vikRta rUpa prAkRta hai| rUdraTa ne apane 'kAvyAlaMkAra' grantha meM 'tathA prAkRtamevApabhraMzaH' kahakara ise prAkRta aura apabhraMza nAma diye haiM / IsA pUrva taka saMskRta janabhASA aura loka vyavahAra kI bhASA thI / isake do rUpa the - (1) sAhityika (2) janabhASA / sAhityika bhASA meM parivartana bahuta kama hote the, parantu janabhASA vAlI saMskRta svAbhAvika rUpa se pracalita rhii| isameM dhvanibheda, zabda-bheda Adi pracura mAtrA meM calate rahe / jana bhASA meM pariniSThatA nahIM thI / yahI saMskRta bhASA vikasita hote hue prAkRtoM ke rUpa meM prasiddha huii| isameM aneka navIna bhArata ke sAMskRtika abhyudaya meM prAkRta kA yogadAna 135
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________________ zabda vidvAnoM dvArA nirmita hue| inako sAhityika bhASA meM pariSkRta karake samAviSTa kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra saMskRta zabdoM kA vikRtIkaraNa yA saralIkaraNa aura vikRta zabdoM kA saMskRtIkaraNa nirantara calatA rahatA hai / bharatamuni ne bhI nATyazAstra meM yahI mata pratipAdita kiyA hai ki saMskRta bhASA ke zabdoM kA hI vikRta evaM parivartita rUpa prAkRta bhASA hai etadeva viparyastaM sNskaar-gunn-vrjitm| vijJeyaM prAkRtaM pAThyaM nAnA'vasthA'ntarAtmakam // nATyazAstra 17-2 isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki prAkRta bhASAeM saMskRta kI hI sIdhI vaMzaja hai jo sthAna aura kAla kI dRSTi se parivartita aura parivardhita hotI rahI hai| dik aura kAla kI do pramukha avasthAoM ke kAraNa unameM vikAsa kI jo aneka prakriyAeM huI haiM, unhoMne unako saMgkRta se bhinna banA diyA hai| kintu prAkRta bhASA saMskRta bhASA kI bhAMti hI bhArata ke sAMskRtika abhyudaya meM saMlagna rahI hai| isakA anekavidha prayoga huA hai, jaise (i) dhArmika granthoM meM (ii) sAhityika racanAoM meM (iii) abhilekhoM meM dhAnika prAkRta jaina dhArmika vAGmaya meM prayukta huI hai| isa bhASA varga meM mahArASTrI za. trI, mAgadhI, ArSa yA ardha mAgadhI pramukha hai| jaina zaurasenI meM racita AcArya kundakunda kA 'samayasAra' isa bhASA meM racita sarvAdhika prAcIna eva bahucarcita kRti hai| jaina zaurasenI meM digambara jaina dharma saMhitA kI racanA huii| zvetAmbara dharma-saMhitA kI racanA ardha-mAgadhI meM huii| sAhityika racanAoM meM prAkRta kA prayoga mahAkAvyoM, gItakAvyoM evaM kathA sAhitya meM milatA hai| nATakoM meM mahArASTrI, zaurasenI gadhI aura unakI aneka vidhAeM prayukta huI haiN| bhAsa, azvaghoSa aura kAlidAsa ke nAkoM meM zaurasenI, mahArASTrI prAkRta Adi prayukta huI haiN| saMskRta nATakoM meM prayukta gadya bhAgoM meM prAkRta boliyoM ke bIca zaurasenI kA prathama sthAna hai| yaha bahuza: striyoM, bAlakoM, napuMsakoM, jyotiSiyoM kI bhASA rahI hai| mAgadhI prAkRta kA bhI saMskRta nATakoM meM prayoga huA hai, jaise 'mRcchakaTikam' meM zakAra usake anucara sthaviraka, saMvAhaka, kuMbhalika, vardhamAnaka, donoM cANDAloM aura rohasena dvArA bolI jAtI hai / isa prakAra yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki saMskRta nATakoM meM prAkRta boliyoM ke prayoga kI paramparA nizcita rUpa se bahuta purAnI 136 zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha
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________________ 1 niSkarSa yaha hai ki prAkRta vAGmaya kA bhAratIya saMskRti evaM sAhitya ke vika mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai / isameM saMskRti ke sandezahAra sahasroM granthoM kI racanA huI hai / Aja unake anusandhAnamUlaka adhyayana se aneka lupta-supta zabdoM ko punaH pracalita karake vAGmaya ko vipulatA pradAna kI jA sakatI hai| prAkRta aura saMskRta ke sammilana ke do udAharaNa yahAM prastuta haiMsampUrNa jagadeva nandanavanaM sarve'pi kalpadrumAH / gAGgavAri samasta vArinivahaH puNyAH samastA kriyAH // vAca: prAkRtasaMskRtA: zrutiziro vArANasI medinI / sarvAnasthitirasya vastu viSayA dRSTaM parabrahmaNi // AcArya zaMkara, dhanyASTaka, 10 artha :- jisa bhavyAtmA ne parabrahma paramAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra kara liyA hai, usake lie samasta vizva AdhyAtmika nandana vana hai, sabhI vRkSa kalpavRkSa haiM, samasta jalAzaya gaMgAjala se yukta haiM, usakI samasta kriyAeM puNyazIla haiN| usake lie vANI, prAkRta ho athavA saMskRta ho, zruti sArabhUta haiN| usake lie samasta tIrthakSetra kAzI- vArANasI hI haiN| usakI samasta avasthiti evaM vastu viSayA dRSTi paramArthamayI hai / sarasvatI prAkRta aura saMskRta donoM bhASAoM kI jJAtA haiM-- dvidhA prayuktena ca vAGgamayena, sarasvatI tanmithunaM nunAva / saMskArapUrtana varaM vareNyaM, vadhU sukha-grAhya nibaMdhanena // mahAkavi kAlidAsa racita kumAra saMbhavam 7/90 artha - sarasvatI ne (ziva va pArvatI) mithuna kI do prakAra ke vAGmaya dvArA stuti kii| devI sarasvatI ne zreSTha vara kI saMskAra se pavitra saMskRta bhASA meM aura vadhU kI saralatA se samajha meM Ane vAlI prAkRta bhASA meM stuti nibaddha kI yA prastuta kI / isa prakAra bahuta prAcInakAla se hI prAkRta aura saMskRta ke sammilana ke pramANa sAhitya meM vidyamAna haiM / bhArata ke sAMskRtika abhyudaya meM prAkRta kA yogadAna 137
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________________ 2 SANTHALISARE RIAGE TEL - zatAbdInAyaka nyAyAMbhonidhizrIvijayAnandasUri zrI AtmArAmajI mahArAja.
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________________ Er " " Air ilot " | | || | Pin, IP: 14 Fu Su Su Su Su Su Su ,Huo Huo Bing Huo Fei Fa Hua Sheng