Agam ek Parichay

Author(s): Madhukarmuni
Publisher: Agam Prakashan Samiti
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002151/1

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Wan suri nagara Agama ekaparicaya yuvAcArya madhukara muni Jain Education international For Rrivate & Personal use only ywww.jainelibrary,ghod

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya [jaina AgamoM tathA unake vyAkhyA sAhitya kA saMkSipta-sarvAMga paricaya ] T namra sUcana isa grantha ke abhyAsa kA kArya pUrNa hote hI niyata samayAvadhi meM zIghra vApasa karane kI kRpA kareM. jisase anya vAcakagaNa isakA upayoga kara sakeM. O yuvAcArya zrI madhukara muni :: prakAzaka :: zrI Agama prakAzana samiti pIpaliyA bAjAra, byAvara (rAja.) vi. saM. 2063 ASAr3ha mudraka : mehatA oNphaseTa, byAvara mUlya dasa rUpayA mAtra : 01462-253990

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prakAzakIya yuvAcArya zrI madhukara muni jI mahArAja ke tattvAdhAna meM jaina AgamoM kA sarala-sArapUrNa sampAdana-vivecanayukta prakAzana prArambha kiyA gayA hai| isa upakrama ke prati sarvatra hI jijJAsA va prazaMsA ke bhAva vyakta kiye gaye haiN| sAtha hI aneka vyakti, jinameM zrAvakoM se lekara vidyArthI, jaina vidvAna va aneka anusaMdhitsu bhI hai jo yaha puchate haiM ki jaina AgamoM meM kyA-kyA viSaya haiM?, ve kitane haiM?, kisane banAye haiM?, unakI vyAkhyA, TIkA Adi kyA hai? isa gUr3ha viSaya meM aisI jijJAsA honA sahaja bhI hai| yuvAcArya zrI jI ke samakSa bhI aneka logoM ne isa prakAra kI jijJAsA rkhii| unakA samAdhAna bhI kiyA gyaa| tabhI ApazrI kA cintana rahA 'jaina AgamoM kA saMkSipta paricaya pratyeka vyakti ko sulabha ho sake isalie kucha likhanA caahie|' phalasvarUpa apane gambhIra adhyayana-anuzIlana ke AdhAra para ApazrI ne yaha nibandha taiyAra kiyA hai| yadyapi AkAra meM yaha pustaka choTI hai, para gAgara meM sAgara kI bhAMti isakA viSaya bar3A gahana va vyApaka hai| AzA hai pAThaka isa pustaka kA adhyayana kara jaina AgamoM ke viSaya meM kAphI jJAna prApta kara skeNge| iso zubhAzA ke sAtha-- mantrI zrI Agama prakAzana samiti pIpaliyA bAjAra, byAvara (rAja.)

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jaina Agama-paricaya zAstra kA mahatva AtmA meM vizvAsa karane vAlA pratyeka vyakti Atmika sukha kI prApti ke lie prayatnazIla rahatA hai| isake lie vaha apanI AtmA ko pavitra evaM doSarahita banAkara janma-maraNa ke cakra se sadaiva ke lie mukta hone kI icchA rakhatA hai| isa mukti-prApti ke lie viziSTa sAdhanA apekSita hotI hai| saMyama (indriya-nigraha), tapasyA, dhyAna, svAdhyAya, paramAtma-svarUpa kA cintana Adi isa viziSTa sAdhanA ke hI mArga hai / isa sAdhanA-mArga ko sahI DhaMga se samajhane aura vidhipUrvaka sAdhanA karane ke lie sAdhaka ko gurU ke mArgadarzana kI atyanta apekSA rahatI hai / gurU bhI jo mArgadarzana sAdhaka athavA ziSya ko dete hai, usakA AdhAra zAstrajJAna hI hotA hai| isalie sAdhanA kI zuddhi, paripUrNatA, saphalatA aura dhyeya- prApti ke lie zAstrajJAna hI pramukha AdhAra hai| ___bhArata hI nahIM, samasta saMsAra ke sabhI dharma-sampradAyoM meM jitanI bhI sAdhanA-paddhatiyA~ pracalita haiM, una sabhI ke AdhAra una dharma-sampradAyoM ke zAstra haiN| una zAstroM ke AdhAra para hI ve sAdhanA-paddhatiyA~ pracalita huI haiM aura abhI taka cala rahI haiN| zAstra kA artha hI hai-jo AtmA para zAsana karanA sikhAye, Atma-zikSA kI preraNA de, vaha zAstra hai|

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[jaina Agama : eka paricaya bhArata kI do saMskRtiyA~ hamAre deza bhArata meM prAcIna kAla se hI mukhyataH do saMskRtiyA~ cala rahI haiM-prathama, zramaNa saMskRti aura dUsarI, vaidika athavA vedAnuyAyI sNskRti| . vaidika saMskRti - vaidika saMskRti ke sarvAdhika prAcIna aura pramANabhUta grantha cAra veda hai| ina vedoM meM vibhinna devIdevatAoM kI prArthanAe~ kI gayI haiM aura yajJa-yAga Adi kA bahuvidha varNana hai| inake AdhAra para brAhmaNa aura AraNyaka granthoM kI racanA huI, jinameM yajJa tathA karmakANDa kA vistRta varNana aura vivecana hai| phira upaniSad, gItA, mahAbhArata, dharmasUtra aura smRtiyoM kI racanA huI jo vaidika dharma-sAdhanA aura AcAra-vicAra ke mArgadarzaka grantha mAne jAte haiM / sarvAdhika prAcIna granthoM meM yajJoM kI vizeSa carcA hone se vaidika-saMskRti kA pramukha svara yajJa-yAga tathA varNa-vyavasthA rhaa| varNa-vyavasthA kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa isakA dUsarA nAma brAhmaNa saMskRti bhI par3a gyaa| zramaNa-saMskRti - dUsarI ora zramaNa-saMskRti thii| isakA pradhAna svara ahiMsA, AcAra-vicAra kI pavitratA aura karmoM se sarvathA mukti kA rhaa| Aja se lagabhaga 2500 varSa pahale tathAgata buddha ke bhAratIya raMgamaMca para praveza ke sAtha hI zramaNa-saMskRti kI do dhArAe~ ho gii| eka to apane mUla rUpa meM nirgrantha zramaNaparamparA hI rahI aura dUsarI kA nAma bauddha zramaNa-paramparA par3a gyaa| tathAgata buddha ke ziSya zramaNa, zAkya athavA bauddha kahalAne lge| jabaki rAga-dveSa kI granthi se rahita athavA ina granthiyoM ke

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] ___ samUla vinAza ke lie sAdhanArata evaM prayatnazIla sAdhaka nirgrantha zramaNa hI kahalAte rahe / vahI nirgrantha zramaNa saMskRti aura paramparA Aja 'jainadharma' ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| nirgranthadharma ke praNetA nirgrantha athavA jainadharma ke ArAdhya evaM upAsyadeva vItarAga puruSa hote haiN| ve sarvajJa aura hitopadezI bhI hote haiN| ve mahApuruSa pahale svayaM vItarAgatA (rAga-dveSarahitatA) kI sAdhanA dvArA apane Atmika doSoM ko dUra karake tathA karmAvaraNoM kA kSaya karake, Atma-sAkSAtkAra karake sampUrNa pratyakSajJAna (kevalajJAna) prApta kara lete haiM, sarvajJa bana jAte haiM; taba ve Atma-sAkSAtkAra meM lokAloka aura jagata ke jar3a-jaMgama, cara-acara samasta padArthoM aura unake svarUpa ko pratyakSa dekhane-jAnane lagate haiM / isa pratyakSajJAna ke AdhAra para ve sAdhakoM ke lie tattvajJAna (darzana) aura AcAra-mArga (dharma) kA upadeza evaM vidhAna karate haiM / una pratyakSajJAniyoM athavA sarvajJoM dvArA prarUpita tattvajJAna aura AcAra-mArga ko hI jainadharma meM 'zAstra' mAnA jAtA hai| jaina paramparA meM 'zAstra' ko 'Agama' kahA gayA hai| isakA dUsarA nAma 'gaNipiTaka' bhI hai| isI prakAra tathAgata gautama buddha kI vANI ko Aja 'tripiTaka' nAma se pahacAnA jAtA hai| jainadharma aura darzana ke praNetA svayaM meM mahAn sAdhaka rahe haiN| ve kaThora sAdhanA dvArA samasta kaSAyoM kA nAza kara, ajJAnaavidyA ko haTAkara, rAga-dveSa se sarvathA mukta hokara aura sampUrNa

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6 [jaina Agama : eka paricaya jJAnI banakara vizva ke samasta prANiyoM kI hita-kAmanA se dharma kA kathana karate haiN| unakA pravacana jIva-mAtra kI kalyANakAmanA se hI hotA hai / jaisA ki praznavyAkaraNasUtra (saMvaradvAra) meM kahA gayA haisavvajIvarakkhaNadayaTThayAe pAvayaNaM bhagavayA sukahiyaM / -saMsAra ke cara-acara samasta jIvoM kI rakSA aura dayA (anukampA)kI bhAvanA se bhagavAna pravacana dete haiN| jaina AgamoM kI vizeSatA jaisA ki batAyA jA cukA hai ki jaina AgamoM ke praNetA vItarAga mahApuruSa hote haiM, jinheM na yaza kI kAmanA hotI hai, na pUjA-satkAra kI; ve to prANImAtra kI hitakAmanA se hI dharma kA mArga batAte haiM aura vaha bhI sarala-sugama bhASA meM; yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina AgamoM meM kahIM bhI na vANI-vilAsa ke darzana hote haiM; na kalpanA kI ur3AneM dRSTigocara hotI haiM aura na buddhi ko cakitabhramita karane vAle kriyAkAMDa athavA camatkAroM kA varNana hI milatA hai| vahA~ to sarala bhASA meM AtmotthAna kA mArga prarUpita hai, AtmA kI unnati kI prareNA hai| jaina AgamoM meM AtmA-paramAtmA ke bAre meM sUkSmatama cintana, sAdhanA kA anubhUta mArga aura pratyeka prANI ke kalyANa-mArga kA upadeza hI prApta hotA hai| unameM sAdhaka-jIvana kA sajIva aura yathArtha dRSTikoNa citrita hai aura hai jIvanotthAna kI prabala prernnaa| unameM AtmA kI zAzvata sattA kA udghoSa karake usakI sarvocca vizuddhi kA mArga batAyA gayA hai| usa vizuddhi ke lie saMyama

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] ___ sAdhanA, Atma-ArAdhanA aura mana-indriyoM ke nigraha kA upadeza diyA gayA hai aura sandeza diyA gayA hai tyAga-vairAgya se jIvana ko camakAne kaa| Atma-vikAsa kI sAdhanA kA navanIta hI AgamoM meM prApta hotA hai| AtmA ke sampUrNa vikAsa kI vaijJAnika prakriyA tathA mAnava vyaktitva ke sarvatomukhI vikAsa evaM unnayana kI vicAraNA jaina Agama sAhitya kI pramukha dena hai, jo vizva sAhitya meM apanA gauravapUrNa sthAna rakhatI hai| ___AdhyAtmika kSetra meM jaina Agama sAhitya jitanA guru-gambhIra hai , utanA hI bhautika kSetra meM bhI hai| Aja kI bahuta-sI Azcaryajanaka vaijJAnika khojoM aura upalabdhiyoM ke cintana-bIja Aja se 2500 varSa pUrva ke jaina AgamoM meM milate haiM / udAharaNArthaparamANu-jJAna, vanaspati, per3a-paudhoM meM jIva honA, zabda kA vyApaka honA Adi siddhAnta / madhyakAla taka ina bAtoM ko vicitra dhAraNAe~ samajhakara mAnyatA nahIM dI gayI thI, lekina Adhunika vijJAna ne unako satya siddha kara diyA hai aura ve gambhIra vaijJAnika satya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara liye gaye haiN| isa tathya se bhI jaina Agama sAhitya kI maulikatA aura 'pratyakSajJAnI kathana' hone kI satyatA siddha hotI hai| ___ maiM yahA~ AgamoM kI lambI aura vistRta vivecanA tathA carcA na karake pAThakoM ko Agama sAhitya kA sirpha saMkSipta paricaya hI denA cAhatA huuN| jijJAsu pAThaka apanI-apanI rUci aura jijJAsA ke anusAra AgamoM kA adhyayana kara apanI jijJAsA zAnta kara

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sakate haiM / [ jaina Agama : eka paricaya Agama ke paryAyavAcI zabda AgamoM ke lie ' Agama' zabda to bAda meM pracalita huA pahale isa jJAna bhaNDAra ke lie 'suya' athavA 'zruta' zabda kA vyavahAra hotA thA / 'suya' athavA 'zruta' kA zAbdika artha hai 'sunA huA' / arthAt tIrthaMkaradeva ke zrImukha se sunA huA jJAna 'suya' kahalAtA thaa| cU~ki yaha jJAna guru- paramparA se sunakara calatA thA isalie bhI ' zruta' athavA 'suya' kahalAtA thA / 'suya' zabda ko hI kucha saMskRta vyAkaraNa - zAstriyoM ne 'sUtra' rUpa de diyA / 'zruta' zabda ke AdhAra para hI prAcIna kAla meM ' zrutadhara' aura 'zrutakevalI' Adi zabda pracalita the / sUtra, grantha, siddhAnta, pravacana, AjJA, vacana, upadeza, prajJApana, zruta Adi zabda Agama ke hI paryAyavAcI nAma haiM / 'Agama' zabda kI vyutpatti evaM paribhASA Agama zabda 'A' upasarga aura 'gam' dhAtu se banA hai / 'A' kA artha hai - samantAt athavA pUrNa; aura 'gam' kA artha hai - gati athavA prApti; arthAt pUrNatA kI prApti / Agama zabda kI paribhASA batAte hue ratnAkarAvatArikAvRtti meM kahA gayA hai ki 'jisase vastutattva ( padArtharahasya) kA paripUrNa jJAna ho, vaha Agama hai / ' aura nyAyasUtra meM Apta ke kathana ko Agama mAnA gayA hai / jainadRSTi se Apta rAga-dveSavijetA, jina, sarvajJa bhagavAna ko

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] mAnA jAtA hai aura unhIM kI vANI Agama hai kyoMki vItarAga hone ke kAraNa unhIM kI vANI nirdoSa, pUrvAparavirodharahita, sarvajanahitakAriNI evaM yukti tathA pramANa se abAdhita hotI hai| vItarAga bhagavAna artharUpa meM upadeza dete haiM aura gaNadhara unakI vANI ko granthabaddha athavA sUtrabaddha karate haiN| jaisA ki Avazyakaniyukti (gAthA 192) meM kahA gayA hai atthaM bhAsai arahA, suttaM gaMthaMti gaNaharA niunnaa| sAmaNassa hi yaTThAe tao suttaM pvtti|| -ahiraMta artharUpa jJAna kA upadeza karate haiM, nipuNamati gaNadhara use sUtrarUpa meM gUMthate hai / isa prakAra jinazAsana ke hitArtha sUtra kI pravartanA hotI hai| isI bAta ko vyakta karane ke lie AgamoM meM yatra-tatra 'tassa NaM ayamaThe paNNatte' (bhagavAna ne usakA yaha artha kahA hai) ina zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| gaNadharoM ke atirikta anya pratyekabuddha, zrutakevalI, zrutasthavira evaM caturdaza pUrvadhara, daza pUrvadhara zramaNoM dvArA racita zAstra bhI pramANarUpa mAne jAte haiM, tathA inakI gaNanA bhI AgamoM meM kI jAtI hai| gaNadhara kevala dvAdazAMgI kI hI racanA karate haiN| zeSa AgamoM kI racanA anya zrutadhara zramaNoM dvArA kI jAtI hai| inake pramANatva kA AdhAra unakI jJAna-vRddhatA ke sAtha yaha bhI hai ki ve niyamataH samyakdRSTi evaM yathArthajJAnI hote haiM, jisa kAraNa unake dvArA racita zAstroM meM dvAdazAMgI se koI virodha nahIM hotA, ve jina-pravacanasammata hote haiM /

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10 [jaina Agama : eka paricaya inake atirikta yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki gaNadhara bhagavAna ke samakSa jijJAsA pragaTa karate haiM ki tattva kyA hai (bhagavaM! ki . tattaM?) taba bhagavAna unheM yaha tripadI pradAna karate haiM -uppanei vA, vigamei vA, dhuvei vA (padArtha utpanna hotA hai, naSTa hotA hai aura sthira bhI rahatA hai)| isa tripadI ke vivecana-svarUpa jina zAstroM kI racanA hotI hai, ve aMgapraviSTa kahalAte haiM aura zeSa zAstra aNgbaahy| AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa (1) aMga evaM pUrva - jinavANI kiMvA jaina AgamoM kA sarvaprathama vargIkaraNa do prakAra se kiyA gayA-aMga aura pUrva / isa vargIkaraNa kA sarvaprathama ullekha samavAyAMga meM milatA hai| aMga bAraha haiM, aura pUrva caudaha / __pUrva samasta zruta Agama sAhitya kI maNi maMjUSA haiM / pUrvo meM pratyeka viSaya para gabhbhIratama carcA kI gayI hai| navAMgI TIkAkAra abhayadeva sUri ke abhimatAnusAra dvAdazAMgI meM pahale pUrvo kI racanA huI, bAda meM aMgoM kii| kucha Adhunika pAzcAtya cintakoM kA mata hai ki pUrvazruta bhagavAna mahAvIra se pahale bhagavAna pArzva kI paramparA kI zruta rAzi hai| kintu jaina Agama sAhitya meM pUrvo ko aMgoM se pRthaka nahIM mAnA jaataa| bArahaveM aMga 'dRSTivAda' meM samasta caudaha pUrvo ko samAviSTa mAnA gayA hai| jaina anuzruti ke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sarvaprathama pUrvagata artha kA hI pravacana diyA thA aura use gautamAdi gaNadharoM ne pUrvazruta ke rUpa meM nibaddha kiyA thaa| lekina pUrvazruta

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] durUha evaM kliSTa thA aura vizeSa sAdhanA tathA prakhara buddhi kI apekSA rakhatA thA, isalie sAdhAraNa-buddhi-sAdhakoM evaM . adhyayanakartAoM kI suvidhA ke lie ekAdazAMgoM kI racanA huii| yahI abhimata jinabhadra gaNI kSamAzramaNa kA hai / unhoMne vizeSAvazyakabhASya (gAthA 554) meM likhA hai ki 'dRSTivAda meM samasta zabda-jJAna kA avatAra ho jAtA hai tathApi gyAraha aMgoM kI racanA alpamedhAvI puruSoM evaM mahilAoM ke hitArtha kI gayI hai| bhagavatI (11.11/432 aura 17/2/616) tathA antagaDa (varga 3, adhyayana 9 evaM 1) meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki prabala pratibhAzAlI zramaNa pUrvo kA adhyayana karate the aura alpamedhAvI gyAraha aMgoM kaa| AcArAMga Adi aMga granthoM kI racanA se pahale samasta zruta dRSTivAda ke nAma se pahacAnA jAtA thA aura gyAraha aMgoM kI racanA ke bAda dRSTivAda ko bArahavA~ aMga mAna liyA gyaa| isa prakAra dvAdazAMgadhArI aura caturdaza pUrvadhara meM koI tAttvika bheda nahIM hai, sirpha zabda-bheda hai| aMga bAraha haiM(1) AcAra, (2) sUtrakRt, . (3) sthAna, (4) samavAya, (5) bhagavatI,

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[jaina Agama : eka paricaya (6) jJAtAdharmakathA, (7) upAsakadazA, (8) antakRtdazA, (9) anuttaraupapAtika, (10) praznavyAkaraNa, (11) vipAka, aura (12) dRssttivaad| (2) anuyoga vibhAjana - bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt sudIrgha-kAla taka yaha pUrva aura aMgoM kA vargIkaraNa calatA rhaa| sAdhaka isI rUpa meM adhyayana karate rhe| aba taka sampUrNa zruta apRthaktvAnuyoga meM thaa| isameM pratyeka sUtra kI vyAkhyA caraNa-karaNa, dharmakathA, gaNita aura dravyAnuyoga-yoM, cAroM dRSTiyoM se sAtha-sAtha hotI thii| kintu yaha vyAkhyA kliSTa tathA durUha hotI thI; taba AryarakSita ne (vIra nirvANa saM. 590) adhyayana kI suvidhA ke lie sabhI AgamoM kA cAra anuyogoM meM vibhAjana kara diyA-(1) caraNa-karaNAnuyoga (2) dharmakathAnuyoga, (3) gaNitAnuyoga aura (4) drvyaanuyog| isa pRthaktvAnuyoga se adhyayana meM suvidhA ho gyii| yaha Agama sAhitya kA dUsarA vargIkaraNa huaa| yaha vargIkaraNa kevala adhyayana kI suvidhA kI dRSTi se thA, AgamoM kA mUla rUpa jyoM kA tyoM rhaa| (3) aMgapraviSTa evaM aMgabAhya - Agama kA yaha vargIkaraNa

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya ] 13 vIra nirvANa ke lagabhaga 900 varSa bAda devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ke samaya meM huaa| unhoMne AgamoM kA ina do rUpoM meM vargIkaraNa kara diyaa| aMgapraviSTa ke viSaya meM jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne batAyA ki (1) jo gaNadhara dvArA sUtrarUpa meM banAyA gayA ho, (2) jo gaNadhara dvArA prazna karane para tIrthaMkara dvArA upadiSTa ho, aura (3) jo zAzvata satyoM se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa dhruva evaM sudIrghakAlIna ho, vaha aMgapraviSTa zruta kahalAtA hai / aMgabAhya zruta vaha kahalAtA hai (1) jo sthavirakRta ho, tathA (2) binA prazna kiye hI tIrthaMkaroM dvArA pratipAdita ho / vaktA ke bheda kI dRSTi se bhI aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya zruta kA vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| aMgapraviSTa zruta vaha hai jisake mUlakarttA tIrthakara aura saMkalanakarttA gaNadhara hoM, tathA aMgabAhya anya sthaviroM kI racanA hotA hai / aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya kA ullekha nandIsUtra meM milatA hai / - (4) aMga, upAMga, mUla aura cheda AgamoM kA sabase uttaravartI vargIkaraNa aMga, upAMga, mUla aura cheda, ina cAra rUpoM meM kiyA gayA hai| AcArya umAsvAti ke tattvArthabhASya meM upAMga zabda AyA hai / vahA~ upAMga se unakA abhiprAya aMgabAhya zruta se hai / 1 1

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[jaina Agama : eka paricaya vikrama saMvat 1334 meM racita prabhAvakacaritra meM sarvaprathama isa vargIkaraNa kA ullekha milatA hai| upAdhyAya zyAmasundara gaNI ne apane samAcArI zataka meM bhI isa vargIkaraNa kA ullekha kiyA hai| niyUMDha aura kRta Agama __ racanA kI dRSTi se jaina AgamoM kA nirmANa do prakAra se huA hai-(1) kRta (2) niyuuNddh| jina AgamoM kI racanA svatantra rUpa se huI hai ve kRta kahalAte haiM jaise AcArAMga Adi aura samasta upAMga sAhitya; tathA jina AgamoM kI racanA pUrvo tathA dvAdazAMgI se uddhRta karake huI hai ve niyUMDha Agama kahalAte haiN| niyUMDha Agama ye haiM-(1) AcAra cUlA, (2) dazavaikAlika, (3) nizItha, (4) dazAzrutaskandha, (5) bRhatkalpa, (6) vyavahAra, (7) uttarAdhyayana kA parISaha adhyyn| AgamoM kI bhASA AgamoM kI bhASA arddhamAgadhI hai, jise sAmAnyataH prAkRta kahA jAtA hai| tIrthaMkara bhagavAna isI bhASA meM upadeza karate haiN| samavAyAMga meM spaSTa likhA hai bhagavaM ca NaM addhamAgahIe bhASAe dhmmmaakkhaai| - bhagavAna ardha-mAgadhI bhASA meM dharmakathana karate haiN| tIrthaMkara bhagavAna ke isa bhASA meM dharmopadeza karane kA kAraNa batAte hue AcArya haribhadra apanI dazavaikAlikavRtti meM kahate haiM

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya ] bAlastrImaMdamUrkhANAM nRNAM cAritrakAMkSiNAm / anugrahArtha sarvajJaiH siddhAntaH prAkRte kRtaH // - cAritra kI sAdhanA-ArAdhanA kI icchA rakhane vAle mandabuddhi, bAlaka, strI-puruSoM para anugraha karake sarvajJa bhagavAna siddhAnta kI prarUpaNA jana-sAmAnya ke hita ke lie subodha prAkRta bhASA meM karate haiM / 15 arddhamAgadhI bhASA vastutaH mAgadhI aura aThAraha dezaja bhASAoM kA mizraNa hai| isa mizraNa ke kAraNa na yaha pUrNa rUpa se mAgadhI hai aura na dezaja; balki arddhamAgadhI hai / yahI bhASA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM jana sAmAnya kI sarvapracalita bhASA thI / - Agama viccheda kA krama bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 170 varSa pazcAt zrutakevalI AcArya bhadravAhu kA svargavAsa huaa| unake svargavAsa ke sAtha hI antima cAra pUrva artha kI dRSTi se vilupta ho gaye aura jaba vI .ni. saM. 216 meM Arya sthUlabhadra kA svargagamana huA to zabda kI dRSTi se bhI ina cAroM pUrToM kA lopa ho gyaa| Arya vajrasvAmI taka daza pUrvoM kI paramparA calatI rhii| unakA svargavAsa vi.saM. 81 meM huA aura unake sAtha hI dasavA~ pUrva bhI vilupta ho gayA / durbalikA puSyamitra ke svargavAsa (vi.saM. 134) ke sAtha hI navA~ pUrva bhI vicchinna ho gayA / yaha krama devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa taka calatA rhaa| svayaM devarddhigaNI bhI eka pUrva se adhika zruta ke hI jJAtA the / Agama sAhitya kA bahuta sA bhAga vilupta hone para bhI kucha maulika bhAga

Page #17
[jaina Agama : eka paricaya aba bhI surakSita hai| prazna yaha hai ki Agama sAhitya vicchinna kyoM ho gayA? surakSita kyoM na rahA? jisa taraha vaidika vAGmaya vipula mAtrA meM surakSita rahA usI taraha jaina vAGmaya kyoM na raha sakA? isake uttara meM nimna pramukha kAraNoM kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai (1) bAra-bAra par3ane vAle sudIrghakAlIna bAraha-bAraha varSa ke akaal| isa akAloM meM aneka zrutadhara AcArya kAlakavalita ho gye| (2) zramaNoM kI kaThoracaryA-zramaNa sAdhuoM kI caryA ke niyama atyanta kaThora haiM / AhAra Adi ke nizcita niyama evaM maryAdAe~ haiN| una maryAdAoM kA ullaMghana karake zramaNa sadoSa AhAra nahIM lete| akAla meM jaba anna kA hI abhAva ho jAtA hai to nirdoSa bhikSA milanI bhI bahuta kaThina ho jAtI hai| isa kAraNa bhI aneka zrutadhara AcArya mRtyu kI goda meM cale gye| jabaki vaidika RSiyoM ke AhAra kI koI kaThora maryAdA evaM vizeSa niyama nahIM hai aura phira ve 'ApattikAle maryAdA nAsti' kA siddhAnta mAnate haiN| isa kAraNa bhI vaidika sAhitya surakSita rahA aura jaina Agama saMpadA vicchinna hotI gyii| (3) hindU rAjAoM kA zramaNa sAdhuoM ke prati vidveSa bhAvaaneka hindU rAjA, vizeSa rUpa se zuMga aura kaNva vaMza ke nareza, aise hue jinameM dhArmika sahiSNutA kA abhAva thaa| ve brAhmaNadharma ke kaTTara anuyAyI the| unakI asahiSNutA ke kAraNa bhI aneka zramaNoM ko apane prANoM se hAtha dhone pdd'e|

Page #18
17 jaina Agama : eka paricaya] (4) Agama vicchinna hone kA sabase bar3A kAraNa prAcIna yugIna bhArata meM lekhana paramparA kA abhAva thaa| yadyapi lipividyA kA AviSkAra Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ne kiyA thA, prajJApanAsUtra meM aThAraha lipiyoM kA varNana milatA hai, purUSa kI 72 kalAoM meM bhI lekhana-kalA kA pramukha sthAna hai, phira bhI prAcIna bhArata meM lekhana-paramparA kA abhAva thaa| sikandara ke senApati niAsa ne apane saMsmaraNoM meM batAyA hai ki bhAratavAsI kAgaja banAnA jAnate haiN| IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM likhane ke lie tAr3apatroM aura cauthI zatAbdI meM bhojapatroM kA prayoga hotA thaa| lekhana-vidhi, lipividyA aura lekhana-sAmragI Adi sabhI sAdhanoM ke hote hue bhI Agama kyoM nahIM likhe gae, isakA pramukha kAraNa yaha thA ki zramaNa apane hAtha se pustaka nahIM likha sakate the aura na hI likhI pustakeM sAtha meM rakha sakate the| isameM nimna doSoM kI sambhAvanA thI (1) akSara Adi likhane se tathA tAr3apatroM evaM kAgaja meM kuMthu Adi sUkSma jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai, isalie pustaka likhanA saMyama-virAdhanA kA kAraNa hai| (2) tIrthaMkaroM ne pustaka nAmaka upadhi rakhane kI AjJA nahI dI hai| (3) pustakeM pAsa meM rakhane se svAdhyAya meM pramAda AtA hai| (4) bRhatkalpabhASya (u. 3 gAthA 3831 ) ke anusAra sAdhu jitanI bAra pustaka kholate-bA~dhate aura akSara likhate haiM unheM utane hI caturlaghukoM kA prAyazcitta AtA hai aura AjJA

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18 [jaina Agama : eka paricaya - Adi doSa lagate haiN| ina doSoM kI mAnyatA ke kAraNa hI sabhI suvidhA evaM sAdhana hote hue bhI AgamoM kA lekhana na ho skaa| lekina isakA yaha abhiprAya nahIM hai ki Agama-lekhana kI bhAvanA hI zramaNoM ke hRdaya meM udbuddha nahIM huii| aisI sambhAvanA hai ki kucha zramaNa apanI smRti kA bhAra halkA karane ke lie TippaNarUpa meM kucha noTsa likha lete hoNge| isIliye vAcanA ke zikSita Adi guNoM ke varNana meM AcArya jinabhadra ne 'gurUvAyaNovagayaM' (guruvacanopagata) kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai ki 'Na coritaM potthayAtovA (gAthA 852) aura phira usakI svakRta vyAkhyA meM likhA hai ki 'guru nirvacitam, na cauryAt karNAghATitaM, svatantreNa vA'dhItaM pustakAt (svopajJa vyAkhyA gA. 852) / tAtparya yaha ki gurU kisI anya ko par3hAte hoM usa samaya usa jJAna ko corI se sunakara athavA pustakoM se zrutajJAna lenA ucita nahIM hai, vaha to gura mukha se sunakara tathA unakI sammati se hI lenA caahie| isa ullekha se spaSTa dhvanita hotA hai ki usa samaya bhI noTsarUpa meM hI sahI, kucha jJAna likha liyA jAtA hogaa| yadyapi isa pravRtti ko ucita nahIM mAnA jAtA thA aura Agama-lekhana kI koI suvicArita evaM kramabaddha yojanA nahIM banI thii| aisA nahIM thA ki jaina AgamoM ke sAtha hI yaha bAta ho; lekhana-paramparA to bhArata ke kisI bhI dharma-sampradAya meM nahIM thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki vedoM ko 'zruti' (sune hue) kahA jAtA thA aura vaidika AcaraNa-granthoM ko 'smRti' (yAda kiye hue)| ye donoM hI

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] sunakara smRti meM dhAraNa kiye jAte the| isI prakAra jaina sAhitya ko bhI 'sutta,' 'suya' athavA 'zruta' kahA jAtA hai| IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI taka bhArata kA sampUrNa jJAna-vijJAna vAGmaya kahalAtA rahA hai| 'vAGmaya' zabda kA artha hai-samasta jJAna vacana aura kaMTha meM hI surakSita rkhnaa| isa sampUrNa vivecana kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki prAcIna bhArata meM IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI taka grantha-lekhana kI na to sarvamAnya paramparA hI thI aura na isa ora kramabaddha evaM yojanAbaddha prayAsa hI kiyA gyaa| Agama vAcanAe~ ukta vivecana se yaha mAna lenA bhUla hogI ki jaina AcAryoM ne zrutarakSA kA koI upAya hI nahIM kiyaa| samaya-samaya para zruta kI rakSArtha ucita upAya kiye gye| isI krama meM Agama-saMkalana hetu pA~ca vAcanAe~ huii| prathama vAcanA- bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 160 varSa pazcAt pATaliputra meM dvAdazavarSIya bhISaNa duSkAla par3A, jisake kAraNa zramaNa saMgha chinna-bhinna ho gyaa| aneka zrutadhara AcArya kAla-kavalita ho gye| anya vighna-bAdhAoM ke kAraNa bhI yathAvasthita sUtra parAvartana meM bAdhAe~ pdd'ii| durbhikSa samApta hone para usa samaya vidyamAna viziSTa AcArya pATaliputra meM ekatra hue| gyAraha aMgoM kA vyavasthita saMkalana kiyA gyaa| bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAda ke eka mAtra jJAtA zrutakevalI AcArya bhadrabAhu usa samaya nepAla meM mahAprANa dhyAna kI sAdhanA kara rahe the| saMgha kI prArthanA

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20 [ jaina Agama : eka paricaya para unhoMne bArahaveM aMga kI vAcanA muni sthUlabhadra ko denA svIkAra kiyaa| muni sthUlabhadra ne dasa pUrvo kI artha sahita vAcanA grahaNa kI aura cAra pUrvoM kI kevala zAbdI vAcanA hI prApta kara sake / dvitIya vAcanA- ur3IsA ke kumArI parvata para samrATa khAravela ne IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM jaina muniyoM kA eka saMgha bulavAyA aura maurya kAla meM jo aMga vismRta ho gaye the unakA punaH uddhAra karavAyA / tRtIya vAcanA- yaha vAcanA skandilAcArya ke netRtva meM mathurA meM vIra nirvANa saMvat 827 se 840 ke madhya huii| usa samaya dvAdazavarSIya bhISaNa duSkAla ke kAraNa sthiti jaTila ho gayI thI / aneka yuvaka zramaNa vizuddha AhAra kI gaveSaNAhetu dUradUra dezoM kI ora cala par3e tathA aneka vRddha aura bahuzruta zramaNa / AyuSya pUrNa kara gaye / kSudhA se saMtrasta muni adhyayana, adhyApana, pratyAvartana Adi na kara ske| pariNAmasvarUpa zruta kA hrAsa huaa| atizayI zruta naSTa ho gayA / aMga aura upAMga sAhitya kA bhI artha kI dRSTi se bahuta bar3A bhAga vilupta ho gayA / taba skaMdilAcArya ke netRtva meM mathurA nagarI meM zramaNa saMgha ekatra huaa| jina-jina zramaNoM ko jitanA - jitanA aMza yAda thA, usakA saMkalana huA / mathurA nagarI meM hone ke kAraNa yaha vAcanA 'mAthurI vAcanA' ke rUpa meM vizruta huI / usa saMkalana zruta ke artha kI anuziSTi AcArya skandila ne dI thI ataH usa anuyoga ko 'skandilI vAcanA' bhI kahA gyaa| caturtha vAcanA- jisa samaya uttara-pUrva aura madhya bhArata meM

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] 21 _ vicaraNa karane vAle zramaNoM kA sammelana mathurA meM huA usI samaya (vIra ni. saM. 827 -840) dakSiNa-pazcima meM vicaraNa karane vAle zramaNoM kA sammelana vallabhI (saurASTra) meM Arya nAgArjuna kI adhyakSatA meM huaa| vahA~ bhI jitanA zruta zramaNoM ko smaraNa thA, usakA saMkalana kiyA gyaa| yaha vAcanA 'vallabhI vAcanA' yA 'nAgArjunIya vAcanA' kahalAtI hai| paMcama vAcanA- yaha vAcanA vIra nirvANa kI dasavIM zatAbdI (vI. ni. saMvat 980 yA 993 ; IsvI san 454 yA 466) meM devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa kI adhyakSatA meM vallabhI nagarI meM huii| svayaM devarddhigaNI aMga 11 aura 1 pUrva se adhika zruta ke jJAtA the| smRti kI durbalatA aura parAvartana kI nyUnatA se adhikAMza zruta vilupta ho gayA thaa| -- devarddhigaNI ne yaha ucita samajhA ki smRti kI durbalatA ke kAraNa AgAmI kAla ke zramaNa bhagavadvANI ko smaraNa nahIM rakha pAyeMge, isalie jitanA jJAna isa samaya upalabdha hai, use pustakArUr3ha kara diyA jaaye| unhoMne upalabdha jJAna ko saMkalita karake lipibaddha karane kA aitihAsika tathA sAhasapUrNa nirNaya kiyaa| isa lekhana ke samaya unhoMne mAthurI vAcanA ko mUla meM sthAna diyA aura jahA~ nAgArjunIya vAcanA meM bheda thA, use pAThAntara meM rkhaa| isIliye AgamoM ke vyAkhyA granthoM meM yatratatra 'nAgArjunIyAstu paThanti' isa prakAra kA nirdeza prApta hotA hai| isake pazcAt AgamoM kI koI sarvamAnya vAcanA nahIM huI aura pUrvazruta vilupta ho gyaa|

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22 [jaina Agama : eka paricaya Aja jo bhI Agama upalabdha haiM, ve saba devarddhigaNI kI dUradarzitA aura upakAra-bhAvanA ke pariNAma haiM / unhoMne hI AgamoM ko lipibaddha karake vIra-vANI kI rakSA kA stutya prayAsa kiyaa| __ AgamoM kI saMkhyA mAnyatA meM bheda AgamoM kI sUcI jo nandIsUtra meM dI gayI hai, ve sabhI Agama Aja hameM upalabdha nahIM hai| dvAdaza aMgoM ko to sabhI svIkAra karate haiM, lekina aMgabAhya AgamoM kI saMkhyA tathA unakI mAnyatA meM mataikya nahIM hai| zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka samAja bAraha aMgoM aura mUla AgamoM ke sAtha kucha niyuktiyoM ko milAkara 45 Agama mAnate haiM aura kucha loga 84 Agama mAnate haiN| terApaMthI aura sthAnakavAsI paramparA 32 AgamoM ko pramANabhUta mAnatI hai| __sthAnakavAsI paramparAmAnya battIsa Agama sthAnakavAsI paramparA dvArA pramANabhUta 32 Agama nimna haiM - aMga upAMga AcAra aupapAtika sUtrakRt rAjapraznIya sthAna jIvAbhigama samavAya prajJApanA bhagavatI jambUdvIpaprajJapti jJAtAdharmakathA candraprajJapti upAsakadazA sUryaprajJapti

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] - aMtakRtdazA nirayAvalikA anuttaraupapAtikadazA kalpAvataMsikA praznavyAkaraNa puSpikA vipAka puSpacUlikA vRSNidazA mUlasUtra chedasUtra uttarAdhyayana nizItha dazavaikAlika vyavahAra nandIsUtra bRhatkalpa anuyogadvAra dazAzrutaskandha Avazyaka sUtra ina battIsa AgamoM ko prabhAvapUrNa mAnane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki inameM kSepaka Adi nahIM hai| battIsa AgamoM kA saMkSipta paricaya aba ina AgamoM kA saMkSipta paricaya sAmAnya jAnakArI ke lie prastuta hai| aMga Agama- mUlataH aMga Agama bAraha haiN| bhagavAna kI vANI dvAdaza aMgoM meM gaNadharoM dvArA saMkalita kI gayI thii| kintu kAladoSa tathA anya vidhna-bAdhAoM evaM deza-kAla kI viSama paristhiti ke kAraNa bArahavA~ aMga dRSTivAda pUrNa rUpa se vilupta ho cukA hai| ataH aba hameM gyAraha aMga hI upalabdha haiN| inakA

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[ jaina Agama : eka paricaya saMkSipta paricaya, viSayavastu evaM bhASA-zailI Adi kA paricaya nimna prakAra hai / 24 (1) AcArAMga sUtra- yaha bAraha aMgoM meM prathama aMga hai / isameM AcAra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai ata: ise saba aMgoM kA sAra mAnA gayA hai / prAcInakAla meM isa aMga kA adhyayana sarvaprathama kiyA jAtA thA / isake adhyayana ke bAda hI anya zruta kA abhyAsa sAdhaka ko karAyA jAtA thA / racayitA evaM racanAkAla - AcArAMga ke racayitA' gaNadhara sudharmA haiM aura isakA racanAkAla bhagavAna mahAvIra kA samaya hai / bhASA Adi kI dRSTi se sabhI vidvAna yaha mAna cuke haiM ki yaha mahAvIrakAlIna prAcInatama racanA hai| isakI bhASA vahI hai jo Aja se DhAI hajAra varSa pahale pracalita thI / 1 racanAzailI - AcArAMga meM do zrutaskandha haiM / prathama zrutaskandha kI racanA zailI dvitIya zrutaskandha kI racanAzailI se sarvathA bhinna hai / prathama zrutaskandha ke AThaveM adhyayana ke sAtaveM uddezaka taka kI racanA caurNa zailI meM huI hai / caurNa zailI ke bAre meM dazavaikAlikaniryukti (gAthA 174 ) meM kahA gayA hai ki 'jo artha - bahula, mahArtha, hetu, nipAta aura upasarga se gambhIra, bahupAda, avyavacchinna (virAma rahita) gama aura naya se vizuddha hotA hai, vaha caurNa pada hai| AThavA~ uddezaka tathA navA~ adhyayana padyAtmaka hai| dUsare zrutaskandha meM pA~ca cUlAe~ haiN| unake pandraha adhyayana mukhya rUpa se gadyAtmaka haiM aura solahavA~ adhyayana padyAtmaka hai / 1 racayitA se tAtparya Agama kI sUtrarUpa racanA se hai /

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25 " jaina Agama : eka paricaya] viSaya-vastu- jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki AcArAMga sUtra do zrutaskandhoM meM vibhakta hai / isake prathama zrutaskandha meM 9adhyayana haiM / ina nau adhyayanoM kA sammilita nAma 'nava brahmacarya' bhI hai| - prathama zrutaskandha ke prathama adhyayana kA nAma zastraparijJA hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki zastra (hiMsA) eka se bar3hakara eka haiM, lekina azastra (ahiMsA) eka hI hai aura vaha sarvottama hai| isalie sAdhaka ko dravya-bhAva se zastra se dUra rahanA caahie| prathama adhyayana ke sAta uddezaka haiN| prathama uddezaka meM samuccaya rUpa se jIva hiMsA na karane kA upadeza hai| zeSa 6 uddezakoM meM kramazaH pRthvI, jala, agni, vanaspati, trasa aura vAyukAya ke jIvoM kA varNana karake kisI ko bhI pIr3A na dene kA upadeza hai| dvitIya adhyayana kA nAma logavijaya hai| isake 6 uddezaka haiM / isakA pramukha uddezya vairAgyabhAva kI vRddhi karanA aura bhAvaloka (kaSAyaloka) kI vijaya karane kI preraNA denA hai| tRtIya adhyayana kA nAma zItoSNIya hai / isake cAra uddezaka haiN| isameM vividha parISahoM ko samatAbhAva se sahana karane kI preraNA dI gayI hai| caturtha adhyayana kA nAma samyaktva hai| isake cAra uddezaka haiN| isameM ahiMsA kI sthApanA karake samyaktvavAda kA prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| pA~caveM adhyayana kA nAma lokasAra hai| isake 6 uddezaka haiN| isameM loka kA sArabhUta tattva dharma, aura dharma kA sAra jJAna batAyA

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[jaina Agama : eka paricaya hai| jJAna kA sAra saMyama aura saMyama kA sAra mokSa pratipAdita kiyA - chaThe adhyayana kA nAma dhUta hai| isake pA~ca uddezaka haiN| dhUta kA artha hai maila ko sApha krnaa| isa adhyayana meM bhI tapa-sAdhanA dvArA AtmA ko nirmala banAne kI prakriyA batAyI gayI hai| sAtaveM adhyayana kA nAma mahAparijJA hai| yaha mUla adhyayana to Aja upalabdha nahIM hai kintu isa para likhI huI niyukti Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| niyukti se jJAta hotA hai ki isameM strIjanya parISaha ko samabhAva se sahane kA upadeza diyA gayA thaa| ___ AThaveM adhyayana ke do nAma milate haiM-vimokSa aura vimoh| isake ATha uddezaka haiN| isameM zramaNa ke lie samasta bhautika saMsargoM ke tyAga kA upadeza hai / isake AThaveM uddezaka meM paMDitamaraNa kA hRdayasparzI varNana hai| naveM adhyayana kA nAma upadhAnazruta hai| isake cAra uddezaka haiM / isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAdhaka-jIvana kA bar3A romAMcakArI aura hRdayasparzI citraNa hai| isa prakAra vartamAna AcArAMga sUtra meM 8 adhyayana aura 44 uddezaka haiM (sAtaveM adhyayana mahAparijJA aura usake sAta uddezakoM ke vilupta hone ke baad)| vaise isameM 9 adhyayana aura 51 uddezaka the| dvitIya zrutaskandha meM 5 cUlAe~ hai / ise AcArAgra bhI kahA jAtA hai| ina pA~ca cUlAoM meM se cAra cUlAe~ to AcArAMga meM haiM aura pA~cavIM cUlA atyadhika vistRta hone ke kAraNa alaga kara

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* 27 jaina Agama : eka paricaya] dI gayI hai jo 'nizItha' nAma se upalabdha hai| - cAra cUlAoM meM se prathama cUlikA ke sAta adhyayana aura paccIsa uddezaka haiN| inameM zramaNacaryA kA varNana hai| utsarga-mArga ke sAtha-sAtha apavAda-mArga kA bhI ullekha huA hai| dvitIya cUlikA meM sAta adhyayana haiM, lekina uddezaka eka bhI nahIM hai| tRtIya bhAvanA nAmaka cUlikA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pavitra caritra kA varNana hai| caturtha vimukti nAmaka cUlikA meM mamatvamUlaka Arambha aura parigraha ke phala kI mImAMsA karate hue unase dUra rahane kI preraNA dI gayI hai| isa prakAra AcArAMga meM ArAdhyadeva carama tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pavitra caritra ke varNana ke sAtha hI AcAra kA varNana hai aura samyak darzana-jJAna-caritra kI sundara triveNI kA saMgama hai| (2) sUtrakRtAMga sUtra- yaha dvitIya aMga Agama hai| isake sUtagaDa, suttakaDa, anya nAma haiN| isameM dArzanika aMza adhika hai| racayitA evaM racanAkAla- isake racayitA bhI gaNadhara sudharmA haiM aura isakA racanA kAla bhI vahI hai| racanAzailI- isameM do zrutaskandha haiN| prathama zrutaskandha kA adhikAMza bhAga padya meM hai, kevala solahavA~ adhyayana hI gadya meM hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha kA adhikAMza bhAga gadya meM hai| vargIkaraNa- anuyogoM kI dRSTi se isako caraNakaraNAnuyoga evaM dravyAnuyoga meM rakhA gayA hai / cUrNikAra ne ise caraNakaraNAnuyoga meM rakhA hai aura AcArya zIlAMka ne dravyAnuyoga meN| vastutaH isameM donoM anuyogoM kA varNana hai|

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28 [jaina Agama : eka paricaya viSayavastu- sUtrakRtAMga meM svamata-paramata ke rUpa meM tAtkAlika darzanoM kI carcA, jIva, ajIva Adi sAta tattva, tathA zramaNoM kI caryA kA varNana hai| isameM 180 kriyAvAdI, 84 akriyAvAdI, 67 ajJAnavAdI aura 32 vinayavAdI-isa prakAra kula 363 para-matoM kA nirasana karate hue svamata (jinamata) kI pratiSThA kI gayI hai| . isake do zrutaskandha haiN| prathama zrutaskandha ke 16 adhyayana aura dvitIya zrutaskandha ke sAta adhyayana hai| 33 uddezaka, 33 samuddezaka aura 36000 pada haiN| prathama zrutaskandha ke pahale adhyayana kA nAma samaya hai| isake cAra uddezaka haiN| isameM svamata kA maMDana aura paramata (363 matoM) kA nirasana hai| dUsare adhyayana kA nAma vaitAlIya hai| isake tIna uddezaka haiN| isameM anityatA-saMbodha aura abhimAna Adi kaSAyoM ke tyAga tathA upasargoM ko samabhAva se sahana karane kA upadeza hai| tIsare adhyayana kA nAma upasargaparijJA hai| isake cAra uddezaka haiN| isameM pratikula upasarga, anukUla upasarga, viSAdayukta vacana upasargoM ko samabhAva aura sthiratA evaM dRr3hatA se sahana karane kI prareNA dI gayI hai| cauthe adhyayana kA nAma strIparijJA hai / isake do uddezaka haiN| isameM strI saMsarga se zIlanAza aura zIlabhraSTa sAdhaka kI dazA kA varNana karake strI-sahavAsa se dUra rahane kI preraNA dI gayI hai| pA~cavA adhyayana naraka-vibhakti hai| isake do uddezaka haiN| isameM narakoM ke dukhoM kA varNana karake sAdhaka ko usase zikSA

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29 . jaina Agama : eka paricaya] lene kI preraNA dI gayI hai| chaThavA~ adhyayana vIrastuti hai| isameM gaNadhara sudharmA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vibhinna guNoM kA varNana karate hue bhAva-vibhora hokara unakI stuti karate haiN| ___ sAtavA~ adhyayana kuzIla paribhASA hai| isameM zIla, azIla aura kuzIla kA varNana hai| chahoM prakAra ke jIvoM kI hiMsA se virata hone kI preraNA dI gayI hai| __AThavA~ adhyayana vIrya hai| isameM paNDita aura bAlavIrya kA varNana karake paNDitavIrya ko mukti kA kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| navA~ adhyayana dharma hai| isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA batAye gaye dharma kA nirUpaNa hai| dasavA~ adhyayana samAdhi hai / isameM bhAva, zruta, darzana, AcAracAra prakAra kI samAdhi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| gyArahavA~ adhyayana mArga hai| isameM bhAvamArga-mokSamArga kA nirUpaNa hai| bArahavA~ adhyayana samavasaraNa hai| isameM cAra vAdoM ke samavasaraNa kA ullekha hai| terahavA~ adhyayana yAthAtathya hai| isameM yAthAtathya dharma kA pAlana karane kI preraNA hai| caudahavA~ adhyayana grantha hai / isameM navadIkSita sAdhaka ko guru ke sAnnidhya meM rahane ke lAbhoM kA varNana hai| pandrahavA~ adhyayana AdAnIya athavA AdAna hai| isameM saMyama

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30 [ jaina Agama : eka paricaya evaM mokSamArga kI sAdhanA kA supariNAma batAyA gayA hai / solahavA~ adhyayana gAthA hai / isameM zramaNa, mAhana, bhikSu aura nirgrantha kise kahanA cAhie, yaha batAyA hai / dvitIya zrutaskandha ke prathama adhyayana kA nAma puMDarIka hai / isameM batAyA gayA hai ki yaha saMsAra puSkariNI hai, usameM karmarUpI jala evaM kAma-bhoga kA kIcar3a bharA hai| usake madhya meM eka puMDarIka ( kamala) hai / usa kamala ko anAsakta, nispRha aura ahiMsAdi mahAvratoM ko pAlana karane vAle sAdhaka hI prApta kara sakate haiN| dvitIya adhyayana kA nAma kriyAsthAna hai / dharmakriyA aura adharmakriyA kA varNana karake dharmakriyA kI preraNA dI gayI hai| tRtIya adhyayana kA nAma AhAraparijJA hai| isameM AhAra kI vistRta carcA hai / caturtha adhyayana pratyAkhyAnaparijJA hai| isameM pApa kA pratyAkhyAna karane kI AvazyakatA batAyI gayI hai / pA~cavA~ adhyayana AcArazruta va anagArazruta hai / isameM batAyA gayA hai ki AcAra ke samyak pAlana ke lie bahuzruta honA Avazyaka hai| sAtha hI zramaNa ko amuka-amuka prakAra kI bhASA bolane kA bhI nirdeza hai / chaThavA~ adhyayana ArdrakIya hai| isameM anAryadeza meM janameM rAjakumAra Ardraka ke jaina muni banane kA ullekha karane ke pazcAt unake dvArA gozAlaka, hastItApasa Adi ke matoM kA nirasana karAyA gayA hai|

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya ] 31 sAtavA~ adhyayana nAlaMdIya hai / isa adhyayana meM gaNadhara gautama kA pArvApatya peDhAlaputra ke sAtha saMvAda hotA hai aura peDhAlaputra cAturyAma dharma ko chor3akara paMcayAma dharma svIkAra kara lete haiM / isa prakAra sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM dArzanika carcAoM ke sAtha AcAradharma kA sundara nirUpaNa huA hai / ( 3 ) sthAnAMga - yaha tIsarA aMga Agama hai / sthAna zabda anekArthavAcI hai / sthAna zabda kA eka artha 'mAna' athavA 'parimANa', dUsarA artha 'upayukta' aura tIsarA artha 'vizrAnti sthala' hai / isameM saMkhyA krama se jIva Adi tattvoM kI prarUpaNA kI gayI hai / racanAzailI- isa Agama kI racanAzailI meM kucha vizeSatA hai / yahA~ viSaya ko nahIM, saMkhyA ko pradhAnatA dI gayI hai / saMkhyA ke anusAra viSaya batAye gaye hai- jaise 4 prakAra ke deva, 4 prakAra ke manuSya, 4 prakAra ke zrotA, 5 prakAra ke jJAna, 9 nidhiyA~ Adi / aisI zailI mahAbhArata ke vanaparva ke 134 veM adhyAya tathA bauddha grantha aMguttaranikAya, dharmasaMgraha Adi meM bhI milatI hai / viSayavastu isa Agama meM saMkhyAkrama ke anusAra svasamaya, parasamaya, loka, aloka Adi kI vivecanA kI gayI hai / isameM dasa adhyayana, ikkIsa uddezaka aura 3770 sUtra haiM / dasoM adhyayana eka, do, tIna, cAra, pA~ca, chaha, sAta, ATha, nau, dasa- isa prakAra saMkhyA ke AdhAra para vibhAjita haiM aura inameM saMkhyA ke anusAra hI viSaya kA nirUpaNa hai / sthAnAMgasUtra kI caubhaMgiyA~ vizeSa prasiddha haiM /

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[jaina Agama : eka paricaya bheda-abheda kI vyAkhyA kI dRSTi se yaha Agama mahatvapUrNa hai| (4) samavAyAMga- yaha cauthA aMga Agama hai| isameM jIvaajIva Adi padArtho kA samAvatAra hai, isalie isakA nAma samavAya hai| . racanAzailI- sthAnAMga kI bhA~ti isakI racanA bhI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para kI gayI hai| inameM se sau taka kI saMkhyA ko AdhAra banAkara viSaya kA nirUpaNa huA hai| viSaya vastu- isameM jIva-ajIva Adi tatvoM kA samavatAra, eka se sau taka kI saMkhyA kA vikAsa aura dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka kA paricaya hai| . isameM 100 samavAyoM taka kramapUrvaka saMkhyAkrama calA hai| usake bAda 150, 200, 250 Adi se lekara koTi samavAya taka Aye haiN| tIrthaMkara (bhUta-bhaviSya-vartamAnakAlIna), cakravartI, vAsudeva, baladeva, loka, Adi kI jAnakArI dI gayI hai| sUtra ke anta meM prastuta sUtra kI saMkSipta sUcI bhI dI gayI hai| isa Agama meM jijJAsu eMva zodhakartAoM ke lie mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI kA saMkalana huA hai| (5) bhagavatI- yaha pA~cavA~ aMga Agama hai| isakA dUsarA nAma vyAkhyAprajJapti athavA vivAhapaNNati hai / yaha Agama atyanta vizAla hai| racanAzailI- isa Agama kI racanA praznottara zailI meM huI hai| pramukha rUpa se gaNadhara gautama prazna karate haiM aura bhagavAna mahAvIra unakA samAdhAna karate haiN|

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya ] 33 viSayavastu isa Agama kI viSaya-vastu vizAla hai| isameM vibhinna viSayoM para prazna haiM aura unake uttara bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA diye gaye haiM / isI kAraNa isa Agama kI paridhi meM sabhI prakAra ke viSaya A gaye haiM, jaise jIva, ajIva, pudgala, svasamaya, parasamaya, kAla, AkAza, loka, trasa, sthAvara Adi / -- paramANu kA isameM sUkSmAtisUkSma vivecana hai aura jJAna-vijJAna pracura sAmagrI vizAla mAtrA meM upalabdha hotI hai / kI parimANa - parimANa meM yaha Agama anya sabhI AgamoM se vizAla hai / isameM gaNadhara gautama Adi dvArA pUche gaye chattIsa hajAra (36000) praznoM kA bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA diye gaye samAdhAnoM sahita saMgraha hai| isameM saikar3oM-hajAroM viSayoM kA pratipAdana hai / prastuta Agama ke zataka aura 1925 uddezaka haiM / vizeSatA - isa Agama kI pramukha vizeSatA yaha hai ki mahAmantra navakAra sarvaprathama isI Agama meM lipibaddha huA hai / (6) jJAtAdharmakathA - yaha chaThavA~ aMga Agama hai| isakA prAkRta nAma nAyAdhammakA hai| viSayavastu - isake do zrutaskandha haiM / prathama zrutaskandha meM jJAta-udAharaNa aura dUsare zrutaskandha meM dharmakathAe~ haiM / nAyAdhammakahA kA artha abhayadeva sUri ke anusAra nAtha ( nAya - bhagavAna mahAvIra ) dvArA pratipAdita dharmakathA hai| racanAzailI- isakI racanAzailI udAharaNAtmaka hai| isameM udAharaNoM dvArA dharmatatva kA kathana kiyA gayA hai / parimANa - isameM udAharaNapradhAna dharmakathAe~ hai / una dhIra

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[jaina Agama : eka paricaya . vIra sAdhakoM kI kathAe~ hai jo ghora upasarga Ane para bhI dharma se vicalita nahIM hue| isake prathama zrutaskandha meM 19 adhyayana . aura dUsare zrutaskandha meM 10 varga hai| donoM zrutaskandhoM ke 29 uddezanakAla, 29 samuddezanakAla aura 576000 pada haiN| mahatva- aitihAsika, sAMskRtika, sAmAjika Adi dRSTiyoM se isa Agama kA bahuta mahatva hai| isameM bhagavAna pArzva ke samaya ke jana-jIvana, vibhinna mata-matAntara, pracalita rIti-rivAja, naukA sambandhI sAdhana-sAmagrI, rAjamArga, vana-patha Adi sabhI bAtoM kA sajIva citraNa huA hai| (7) upAsakadazAMga- yaha sAtavA~ aMga Agama hai| upAsaka zabda yahA~ zrAvakoM ke lie vyavahRta huA hai| viSayavastu- yoM to bhagavAna mahAvIra ke lAkhoM upAsaka the| lekina isa Agama meM bhagavAna ke viziSTa dasa zrAvakoM kA varNana hai| ye zrAvaka haiM -Ananda, kAmadeva, cUlaNIpiyA, surAdeva, cullazataka, kuMDakolika, sakaDAlaputra, mahAzataka, nandinIpitA, aura saalihiipitaa| isa Agama meM zrAvakadharma kA sUkSmAtisUkSma aura vistRta varNana huA hai| __parimANa- isa Agama meM dasa adhyayana, dasa uddezanakAla aura dasa samuddezanakAla haiN| vartamAna meM isa Agama kA parimANa 812 zloka haiN| vizeSatA- sampUrNa dvAdazAMgI meM yahI aMga aisA hai jisameM zrAvaka kI jIvanacarcA kA varNana hai| isameM zrAvaka ke 12 vrata, 15 karmAdAna, 11 pratimAoM kA varNana hai| sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai- satya kA sammAna / svayaM gautama gaNadhara satyavAdI zrAvaka Ananda Jain Educatiosi International

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya ] se kSamAyAcanA karate haiM / ( 8 ) antakRtdazA - yaha AThavA~ aMga Agama hai| isameM janmamaraNa kI paramparA kA anta karane vAle sAdhakoM kA ullekha hai / isalie isakA nAma bhI antakRt hai / 35 parimANa - isa Agama meM eka zrutaskandha, 8 varga, 90 adhyayana, 8 uddezanakAla aura samuddezanakAla haiM / isameM saMkhyAta pada aura saMkhyAta hajAra akSara haiM / isake AThoM varga kramazaH 10, 8, 13, 10, 10, 16, 13 aura 10 adhyayanoM meM vibhakta haiM / viSayavastu prathama do vargoM meM gautama Adi vRSNikula 18 rAjakumAroM kI sAdhanA kA varNana haiM / ye sabhI ugra tapa karake mukti prApta karate haiN| tIsare, cauthe, pA~cave varga meM bhagavAna ariSTanemi ke yuga ke sAdhakoM kA varNana haiM / chaThe, sAtaveM aura AThaveM varga meM mahAvIra yuga ke ugra sAdhakoM kA varNana haiM / mahatva - isa sampUrNa Agama meM bhautikatA para AdhyAtmikatA kI vijaya dikhAyI gayI hai / sarvatra tapa kI, utkRSTa sAdhanA kI jyoti vikIrNa ho rahI hai| (9) anuttaraupapAtikadazA- yaha navA~ aMga Agama hai| isameM una sAdhakoM kA varNana huA hai jo utkRSTa sAdhanA karake anuttara vimAnoM meM utpanna hue aura phira manuSya janma pAkara mokSa prApta kareMgeM / viSayavastu - isa Agama meM 3 varga haiM jo kramazaH 10,13 aura 10 adhyayanoM meM vibhakta haiM / ina 33 adhyayanoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIrakAlIna 33 mahAna sAdhaka - AtmAoM kA varNana hai / mahatva - isa Agama kA sAmAjika evaM aitihAsika dRSTi se

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[jaina Agama : eka paricaya bhI bahuta mahatva hai| sabhI sAdhaka aitihAsika puruSa haiN| isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke yuga kI sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika paristhitiyoM kI bhI bhalIbhAMti jAnakArI milatI hai| (10) praznavyAkaraNasUtra- yaha dasavA~ aMga Agama hai| isakA prAkRta nAma paNhAvAgaraNAI hai| viSayavastu- praznavyAkaraNa kA artha praznoM kA vyAkaraNa arthAt nirvacana, uttara evaM nirNaya hai / isa Agama ke do zrutaskaMdha haiM / prathama zrutaskaMdha AstravadvAra hai aura dvitIya sNvrdvaar| prathama zrutaskaMdha ke pA~ca adhyayana haiM jinameM kramazaH hiMsA, asatya, steya, abrahmacarya aura parigraha kA vistRta vizleSaNa hai| ye mana ke roga haiN| inakA upacAra dUsare zrutaskaMdha saMvaradvAra meM batAyA gayA hai| isake bhI pA~ca adhyayana haiN| inameM kramazaH ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha kA vistRta vivecana hai| ye pA~coM hI manoroga ke upacAra haiN| isameM pA~coM saMvaradvAroM kI 25 cAritra bhAvanAe~ batAyI gayI haiN| ____ mahatva- yadyapi Asrava aura saMvara kA nirUpaNa Agama meM aneka sthaloM para huA hai lekina prastuta Agama praznavyAkaraNa meM jitanA vistAra aura sUkSmatApUrNa varNana hai, vaha anUThA hai| aisA varNana anya Agama sAhitya meM upalabdha nahIM hai| (11) vipAkasUtra- yaha dvAdazAMgI kA gyArahavA~ aMga hai| isameM zubha-karma aura azubha-karmoM ke vipAka kA varNana hai| isameM karmasiddhAnta kI mImAMsA nahIM hai, varan udAharaNa zailI meM karmoM ke vipAka kA varNana hai|

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] 37 viSayavastu- isake do zrutaskandha haiM-prathama duHkhavipAka aura dUsarA sukhavipAka / donoM ke dasa-dasa adhyayana haiM / pratyeka adhyayana meM eka-eka vyakti kA jIvana-prasaMga varNita huA hai| prathama zrutaskandha dukhavipAka meM aise vyaktiyoM ke jIvana-prasaMga haiM jinheM duSkarmoM ke vipAka ke kAraNa dukha bhoganA pdd'aa| dUsare zrutaskaMdha meM sukRta karane vAle vyaktiyoM ke jIvana prasaMga haiN| inheM zubhakarmoM ke vipAka ke phalasvarUpa sukha prApta huaa| sukha-vipAka meM subAhukumAra kA jIvana-prasaMga vistAra ke sAtha varNita huA hai| vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki dukhavipAka meM hiMsA, corI aura abrahma ke kaTu pariNAmoM kA digdarzana karAne vAle prasaMga to haiM, kintu asatya aura parigraha ke duSpariNAmoM ko dikhAne vAle prasaMga nahIM haiN| isI prakAra sukha-vipAka meM dAna ke zubha phaloM kA digdarzana hai lekina anya dharmoM kI ArAdhanA se hone vAle zubhaphaloM ko dikhAne vAlA koI jIvana-prasaMga nahIM hai| ___upAMga Agama sAhitya- upAMgoM kI gaNanA aMgabAhya AgamoM meM hotI hai| ye mUlata: bAraha haiM aura pratyeka upAMga pratyeka aMga se sambandhita mAnA gayA hai| inakA saMkSipta paricaya nimna prakAra hai: (1) aupapAtika sUtra- yaha jaina Agama sAhitya kA pahalA upAMga hai / aMga AgamoM meM jo sthAna AcArAMga kA hai, upAMga sAhitya meM vahI sthAna isakA (aupapAtika sUtra kA) hai| 1 vizeSa-bArahavA~ aMga dRSTivAda vilupta ho cukA hai, isalie upalabdha battIsa AgamoM se usakA ullekha nahIM hai aura isI kAraNa yahA~ usakA paricaya nahIM diyA gayA hai|

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[ jaina Agama : eka paricaya viSayavastu - isake do adhyayana haiM - prathama kA nAma samavasaraNa hai aura dUsare kA nAma upapAta hai| isakA prArambhika aMza gadyAtmaka aura antima aMza padyAtmaka hai, madhya bhAga meM gadya-padya mizrita hai / isameM 43 sUtra haiM / 38 vizeSatA - isa upAMga Agama kI pramukha vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM jina viSayoM kI carcA kI gayI hai, unakA pUrNa vivecana hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa kA sajIva citraNa aura unakI upadeza-vidhi isameM surakSita hai| isameM nagara, caitya, rAjA-rAniyoM Adi kA sAMgopAMga varNana hai / yaha varNana anya AgamoM ke lie AdhArabhUta hai / (2) rAjapraznIya- yaha dUsarA upAMga hai| AcArya malayagiri ne ise sUtrakRtAMga kA upAMga mAnA hai| viSayavastu - yaha Agama do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai / pahale vibhAga meM sUryAbha nAmaka deva bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAmane upasthita hokara vibhinna prakAra ke nRtya aura nATaka karatA hai / dUsare vibhAga meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke anuyAyI kezIzramaNa aura zvetAmbikA nagarI ke rAjA pradezI ke madhya hue praznottara haiM / vibhinna udAharaNoM aura dRSTAntoM se kezI zramaNa AtmA kI siddhi karate haiM aura rAjA pradezI ko zrAvakavrata grahaNa karavAte haiM / vizeSatAe~- isa Agama kI aneka vizeSatAe~ haiM / isameM sthApatya, saMgIta aura nATyakalA ke aneka tattvoM kA samAveza huA hai / 32 prakAra ke nATakoM kA varNana hai / lekhana sambandhI sAmagrI kA nirdeza hai| sAma, dAma, daNDa nIti ke aneka siddhAntoM

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] __ kA ullekha hai / 72 kalAe~, 4 pariSad, kalAcArya, zilpAcArya, dharmAcArya kA nirUpaNa hai| pArzvanAtha-paramparA kI jAnakArI dI gayI hai| kAvya aura kathAoM ke vikAsa ke lie vArtAlApa aura saMvAdoM kA Adarza rUpa isameM milatA hai| ina saba bAtoM se yaha Agama mahatvapUrNa hai| (3) jIvAbhigama- yaha tIsarA upAMga Agama hai| AcArya malayagiri ne ise sthAnAMga kA upAMga mAnA hai| viSayavastu- isameM jIva aura ajIva ke bheda-prabhedoM kI carcA kI gayI hai| isakI racanA praznottara zailI meM hai| gautama gaNadhara prazna karate hai aura bhagavAna mahAvIra samAdhAna dete haiN| isameM 9 pratipatti (prakaraNa), eka adhyayana, 18 uddezaka, 4750 zloka pramANa pATha upalabdha hai / 272 gadya-sUtra aura 81padya-gAthA haiN| vizeSatAe~- isameM dvIpa-sAgaroM kA vistRta varNana hai| 16 prakAra ke ratna, astra-zastroM ke nAma, dhAtuoM ke nAma, kalpavRkSa, vividha prakAra ke upakaraNa; pAtra, AbhUSaNa, bhavana, vastra, grAma, nagara, rAjA Adi ke nAma; tyauhAra, utsava, naTa, yAna, kalA, yuddha, roga Adi kA bhI ullekha hai| udyAna, puSkariNI Adi kA sarasa varNana hai| .isa prakAra kalA aura sAMskRtika dRSTi se bhI isa Agama kA mahatva hai| (4)prajJApanA-yaha caturtha upAMga Agama hai| AcArya malayagiri ne ise samavAyAMga kA upAMga mAnA hai kintu svayaM zAstrakAra ne ise dRSTivAda se sambandhita batAyA hai| isake racayitA zyAmArya hai| "

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40 / [jaina Agama : eka paricaya racanAzailI- isa Agama kI racanA praznottara zailI meM huI hai| gaNadhara gautama prazna karate hai aura bhagavAna mahAvIra samAdhAna dete haiN| viSayavastu- isameM 36 viSayoM kA nirdeza hai, isalie 36 pada haiM / sampUrNa Agama kA zloka pramANa 7887 hai / prakSipta gAthAoM ke atirikta kula gAthAe~ 232 aura zeSa gadya bhAga hai / isameM jIvoM kI vicAraNA kI gayI hai| gati, indriya, kAya, yoga Adi sabhI dRSTiyoM se jIvoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| nAraka se lekara 24 daNDakoM ke jIvoM kI carcA hai| vizeSatAe~- prajJApanA (pannavaNA) meM sAhitya, dharma, itihAsa, bhUgola Adi aneka viSayoM para mahatvapUrNa cintana hai| bhASA meM AlaMkArikatA kama hai kintu jaina pAribhASika zabdAvalI kA prayoga vizeSa rUpa se huA hai| (5) jambUdvIpaprajJapti- yaha pA~cavA~ upAMga hai| isake sAta vakSaskAra hai| upalabdha mUla pATha 4146 zloka pramANa haiN| 178 gadya-sUtra haiM aura 52 padya-sUtra haiN| viSayavastu- prathama vakSaskAra meM bharatakSetra kA varNana hai / dUsare meM kAla kA nirUpaNa hai| yahA~ bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA bhI varNana hai| tIsare meM bharata cakravartI kA vistRta varNana hai| cauthe meM cullahimavaMta kA varNana hai| pA~caveM meM jina-janmAbhiSeka kA varNana hai| chaThe meM jambUdvIpagata padArtha saMgraha kA ullekha huA hai / sAtaveM meM jyotiSka kA vivaraNa hai| yahA~ sUrya-candra kI gati, dina-rAtri hone ke kAraNa aura unakA mAna Adi para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| mahatva- prAcIna bhUgola, khagola aura sRSTividyA evaM jyotiSka

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] sambandhI vicAraNA kI dRSTi se yaha Agama mahatvapUrNa hai| isakI prazaMsA pazcimI vidvAnoM ne bhI kI hai| (6-7) sUryaprajJapti aura candraprajJapti- ye kramazaH chaThaveM aura sAtaveM upAMga hai| viSayavastu- ye donoM hI grantha jyotiSa sambandhI haiM / sUryaprajJasi meM sUrya Adi jyotiSa cakra kA varNana hai aura candraprajJapti meM candra Adi jyotiSa cakra kaa| sUryaprajJapti meM eka adhyayana, 20 prAbhRta aura mUla pATha 2200 zloka pramANa hai| itanA hI parimANa candraprajJapti kA hai| inameM AkAzIya jyotiSa (Astronomy) ke atirikta phalita jyotiSa (Astrology) bhI milatI hai| muhUrtazAstra kI nIMva inhIM granthoM ke AdhAra para pdd'ii| kyoMki candraprajJapti meM jo nakSatroM Adi ke svabhAva evaM guNoM kA varNana kiyA gayA, vahI Age calakara muhUrtazAstra ke rUpa meM vikasita huaa| ____ mahatva- ina donoM granthoM kI prazaMsA vinTaranitsa, zubriga Adi pazcimI vidvAnoM ne bhI kI hai| zubiMga ne to spaSTa kahA hai ki sUryaprajJapti ke adhyayana binA prAcIna bhAratIya jyotiSa ko samajhA hI nahIM jA sktaa| DaoN. dhivau ne apane zodhapUrNa nibandha meM batAyA hai ki prAcIna jyotiSka vedAMga grantha ke siddhAnta bhI sUryaprajJapti ke siddhAntoM ke samAna hI the aura ye siddhAnta sarvamAnya the| - isa prakAra ina granthoM meM jyotiSa sambandhI mahatvapUrNa jJAna kA samAveza huA hai| (8-12) nirayAvaliyA Adi pA~ca sUtra- nirayAvaliyA meM pA~ca upAMga samAviSTa hai-(1) nirayAvalikA yA kalpikA (2)

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[jaina Agama : eka paricaya kalpAvataMsikA (3) puSpikA, (4) puSpacUlikA aura (5) vRssnnidshaa| pahale ye pA~coM upAMga nirayAvaliyA ke nAma se hI vizruta the kintu bAda meM bAraha aMgoM ke sAtha saMgati biThAne ke lie inheM pRthak-pRthak ginA jAne lgaa| ___isa Agama meM 1 zrutaskandha, 5 varga, 52adhyayana aura mUla pATha 1100 zloka pramANa hai| prathama varga nirayAvalikA ke 10 adhyayana haiM / isameM zreNika kI rAnI celanA kA dohada, kUNika kA janma, pitA ko kaida karake rAjA bananA, ceTaka se yuddha Adi kA varNana hai / isa yuddha meM kUNika ke nau bhAI bhI maraNa prApta karate haiN| dUsare varga kalpAvataMsikA meM zreNika ke pautroM kA varNana hai| isake bhI 10 adhyayana haiN| zreNika ke pautra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa karake svarga prApta karate haiN| tIsarA varga puSpikA hai| isake bhI dasa adhyayana haiN| isa upAMga meM sva-samaya aura para-samaya ke jJAna kI dRSTi se kathAoM kA saMkalana hai| ina kathAoM meM kautUhala kI pradhAnatA hai aura paraloka ke jIvana para adhika prakAza DAlA gayA hai| inameM punarjanma aura karmasiddhAnta kI pRSThabhUmi hai| cauthA varga puSpacUlikA hai| isake adhyayana haiN| isameM bhI kathAe~ haiM aura kathAoM kA preraNAtatva zuddha zramaNAcAra hai| pA~cavA varga vRSNidazA hai / isake adhyayana haiN| isameM yaduvaMzI rAjAoM ke vividha prasaMgoM kA varNana hai / yaha varNana bhI kathAoM ke mAdhyama se huA hai| pratyeka adhyayana meM eka vyakti kA jIvana

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] prasaMga aMkita huA hai| __ mUlasUtra- mUla sUtra cAra haiM - (1) uttarAdhyayana (2) dazavaikAlika (3) nandIsUtra aura (4) anuyogdvaar| mUla saMjJA kyoM?- aneka cintakoM aura viddhAnoM ke mana meM yaha prazna uThatA rahA hai ki ina sUtroM ko hI mUla saMjJA kyoM dI gayI, kisake dvArA dI gayI aura kaba dI gayI? pahale hI AgamoM ke uttaravartI vargIkaraNa meM batAyA jA cukA hai ki vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI meM race gaye prabhAvaka caritra meM ina sUtroM kA mUlasUtroM ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai| isase adhika spaSTa koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| pazcimI vidvAna zAnTiyara ke abhimatAnusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mUla zabdoM kA saMkalana hone se ye mUlasUtra khlaaye| phrAnsIsI vidvAn gerIno ina para aneka TIkA-TippaNiyA~ likhI jAne ke kAraNa inheM mUlasUtra mAnatA hai| lekina ye donoM hI mata bhrAntipUrNa hai| yaha nizcita hai ki dazavaikAlika Arya zayyaMbhava dvArA niyUMDha Agama hai phira bhI yaha mUlasUtra hai aura AcArAMga to bhagavAna mahAvIra kI hI vANI hai, bhASA Adi se bhI yaha siddha ho cukA hai, phira bhI vaha mUlasUtra nahIM mAnA gyaa| TIkA-TippaNI anya AgamoM para bhI bahuta haiM / ataH pazcimI vidvAnoM ke ye mata mAnya nahIM haiN| satya tathya yaha hai ki jina AgamoM meM mukhya rUpa se zramaNa ke AcAra sambandhI mUlaguNoM; mahAvrata, samiti, gupti Adi kA nirUpaNa ho, jo zramaNacaryA meM sahAyaka hote haiM, jinake dvArA samyakdarzana-jJAnacAritra kI ratnatrayI kI sahaja prApti evaM dRr3hatA hotI hai, jinako sarvaprathama zramaNa ke lie adhyayana karanA apekSita hai, ve sUtra mUlasUtra kahe gye|

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44 [jaina Agama : eka paricaya unhIM kI mAnyatA mUlasUtroM meM huii| udAharaNa ke lie, pUrvakAla meM AgamoM ke adhyayana kA prArambha AcArAMga se hotA thA lekina dazavaikAlika ke nirmANa ke bAda dazavaikAlika se hone lgaa| ina cAroM mUlasUtroM kA saMkSipta paricaya nimna prakAra hai: (1) uttarAdhyayana sUtra- Agama sAhitya ke prAcIna vibhAjana ke anusAra uttarAdhyayana sUtra aMgabAhya Avazyakavyatirikta kAlikazruta kA hI eka bheda hai| uttarAdhyayana meM do zabda haiM-eka 'uttara' aura dUsarA 'adhyyn'| cUrNi meM isa prakAra kI yojanA prApta hotI hai sa-uttara - pahalA adhyayana nirUttara - chattIsavA~ adhyayana sa-uttara-nirUttara - bIca ke sabhI adhyayana lekina paramparAgata mAnyatA yaha hai ki yaha sUtra AcArAMga ke adhyayana ke bAda par3hA jAtA thA isalie isakA nAma uttarAdhyayana pdd'aa| jaba dazavaikAlika kA nirmANa ho gayA to AcArAMga ke sthAna para pahale dazavaikAlika par3hA jAne lagA aura yaha sUtra uttarAdhyayana hI rahA, arthAt bAda meM hI par3hA jAtA rhaa| viSayavastu- viSayavastu kI dRSTi se uttarAdhyayana sUtra dharmakathAtmaka, upadezAtmaka, AcArAtmaka aura saiddhAntika ina cAroM hI bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaise dharmakathAtmaka-adhyayana 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25 aura 27 / |

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45 mAhA . jaina Agama : eka paricaya] upadezAtmaka-adhyayana 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 aura 10 / / AcArAtmaka-adhyayana 2, 11, 15, 16, 17, 24, 26, 32 aura 35 / saiddhAntika-adhyayana 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34 aura 36 / parimANa- uttarAdhyayana meM 36 adhyayana haiM / mUla pATha 2100 gAthA pramANa hai / 1656 padyasUtra haiM aura 89 gadyasUtra haiN| prathama adhyayana kA nAma vinaya hai| vinaya ko jinazAsana kA mUla batAyA gayA hai aura anuzAsana kA mahatva pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| dUsarA adhyayana parISaha hai| isameM sAdhu ko samabhAvapUrvaka 22 parISahoM ko sahana karane kI preraNA dI gayI hai| tIsare caturaMgIya adhyayana meM mAnavatA, dharmazravaNa, zraddhA va tapa-saMyama meM purUSArtha-ina cAra durlabha bAtoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai| cauthe asaMskRta adhyayana meM saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA batAkara sAdhaka ko bhAraMDa pakSI ke samAna apramatta rahane kA upadeza hai| pA~caveM adhyayana kA nAma akAmamaraNIya hai| isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki mRtyu bhI eka kalA hai| paNDitamaraNa karane vAle ko bAra-bAra maraNa nahIM karanA par3atA / .. chaThaveM adhyayana 'kSullaka nirgranthIya' meM zramaNa ke bAhya aura Abhyantara grantha tyAga kI preraNA hai| sAtaveM elaya (urabbhiya) adhyayana meM pA~ca kathAe~ haiN| ina kathAoM dvArA preraNA dI gayI hai|

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46 [jaina Agama : eka paricaya AThaveM adhyayana kA nAma kApilIya hai| kapila lobha se virakta hokara muni banatA hai| cora ise ghera lete haiM taba vaha jo upadeza detA hai usakA saMgraha isa adhyayana meM hai| ___ naveM adhyayana kA nAma namipravrajyA hai| isameM pratyekabuddha rAjarSi nami aura indra kA saMvAda hai| dasaveM adhyayana drumapatraka meM jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA digdarzana hai; aura kSaNamAtra bhI pramAda na karane kI preraNA dI gayI hai| __gyArahaveM adhyayana bahuzruta meM bahuzruta arthAt caturdaza pUrvadhara kI bhAvapUjA kA nirUpaNa hai| - bArahaveM adhyayana harikezIya meM muni harikezI brAhmaNoM ko yajJa kA yathArtha svarUpa batAte hai| terahaveM citta saMbhUtIya adhyayana meM citta-saMbhUta do bhAiyoM kI kathA hai| eka nidAna ke kAraNa naraka ho jAtA hai aura dUsarA niraticAra tapa:sAdhanA ke dvArA mukta ho jAtA hai| caudahavA~ adhyayana iSukArIya hai| isameM chaH pAtra haiN| isa adhyayana meM brAhmaNa saMskRti para zramaNa saMskRti kI vijaya dikhAI gayI hai| pandrahaveM sabhikSuka adhyayana meM bhikSu ke lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa hai| solahaveM brahmacarya samAdhisthAna adhyayana meM 10 samAdhisthAnoM kA bar3e manovaijJAnika DhaMga se nirUpaNa huA hai| satrahaveM pApazramaNIya adhyayana meM sAdhu ko doSoM ke parityAga kI preraNA dI gayI hai|

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] 47 __ aThArahaveM saMyatIya adhyayana meM rAjarSi saMjaya kA jIvanaprasaMga hai| vaha gardabhAlI muni ke upadeza ko sunakara sAdhu bana jAtA hai| ___unnIsaveM adhyayana mRgAputrIya meM mRgAputra ke dIkSA lene aura apane mAtA-pitA ko samajhAne kA varNana hai| bIsaveM mahAnirgranthIya adhyayana meM anAthI muni aura rAjA zreNika ke madhya huA rocaka saMvAda saMgrahIta hai| ikkIsaveM samudrapAlIya adhyayana meM sAdhu ke AtaMrika AcAra kA varNana karate hue yaha batAyA hai ki sAdhu priya aura apriya donoM sthitiyoM meM sama rhe| ___ bAIsaveM adhyayana rathanemIya ke rAjula dvArA rathanemi ko bodhaprada upadeza diyA gayA hai| teIsaveM kezI-gautamIya adhyayana meM pArzvanAtha paramparA ke kezIzramaNa aura gautama gaNadhara kA saMvAda hai| kezIzramaNa saMtuSTa hokara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke saMgha meM sammilita ho jAte haiN| ___caubIsaveM samitIya adhyayana meM pA~ca samiti aura tIna gupti kA varNana hai| yahA~ batAyA hai ki mAtA ke samAna pravacanamAtA bhI sadmArga para calane kI preraNA detI hai| ___ paccIsaveM yajJIya adhyayana meM yajJa kA sahI svarUpa aura brAhmaNa zabda kI mArmika vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| yahIM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai janma se koI brAhmaNa nahIM hotA, karma se hotA hai| karmAnusAra varNavyavasthA kA siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai|

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48 [jaina Agama : eka paricaya chabbIsaveM samAcArI adhyayana meM sAdhucaryA kA nirUpaNa hai| * sattAIsaveM adhyayana kA nAma khaluMkIya hai| khaluMkIya zabda kA artha duSTa baila hotA hai / yahA~ yaha batAyA hai ki jisa prakAra duSTa baila apane svAmI ko dukha detA hai, usI prakAra avinIta ziSya bhI gurU ke lie dukhadAyI hotA hai| aTThAIsaveM adhyayana mokSamArga-gati meM batAyA gayA hai ki samyak -darzana-jJAna-cAritra hI mokSamArga ke sAdhana haiM / ina tInoM kI pUrNatA hI mokSa hai| untIsaveM adhyayana kA nAma samyaktva-parAkrama hai| isakI racanA praznottara zailI meM huI hai| isameM saMvega-nirveda Adi 73 sthAnoM kA pratipAdana hai| yaha praznottaramAlA sampUrNa uttarAdhyayana sUtra kA sAra hai| tIsavA~ adhyayana tapomArgagati hai| isa adhyayana meM bAraha prakAra ke tapoM aura unake avAntara bhedoM kA vistAra se nirUpaNa ikattIsaveM adhyayana kA nAma caraNavidhi hai| caraNavidhi kA artha vivekamUlaka pravRtti hai| sAdhanA meM bAdhaka tattvoM kI sUcI dekara unase bacane kI preraNA bhI dI gayI hai| battIsavA~ adhyayana apramAdasthAna hai| isameM sAdhakoM ko samasta pramAdasthAnoM se bacane kA upadeza hai| tetIsavA~ adhyayana karmaprakRti hai| isameM AThoM karmoM aura unakI 148 uttaraprakRtiyoM kA varNana, unake bandha ke kAraNa, utkRSTa aura jaghanya sthiti Adi kA varNana hai|

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya ] 49 cauMtIsaveM lezyAdhyayana meM lezyAoM kA varNana hai / isameM chahoM lezyAoM ke varNa, rasa, sparza, pariNAma, lakSaNa Adi para vistRta rUpa se prakAza DAlA gayA hai / paiMtIsaveM anagAramArgagati adhyayana meM anagAradharma kA varNana hai / chattIsaveM jIvAjIva vibhakti adhyayana meM jIva aura ajIva ke tattvajJAna kA nirUpaNa hai / isa adhyayana ke anta meM samAdhimaraNa kA bhI nirUpaNa huA hai / isa prakAra isa mUlasUtra meM sabhI upayogI jJAna kA saMkalana huA hai / ise bhagavAna mahAvIra kI antima vANI kahA jAtA hai kyoMki kalpasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra chattIsa apRSTa vyAkaraNoM kA vyAkaraNa kara pradhAna nAmaka adhyayana kA prarUpaNa karate-karate siddha-buddha aura mukta ho gaye / bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI yaha Agama prAcIna hai| isake subhASita va saMvAda bauddha granthoM meM bhI milate haiM / uttarAdhyayana ke aneka zloka va upamAe~ dhammapada tathA gItA meM bhI milate haiM / ye saba isakI prAcInatA aura bahumAnyatA ko siddha karate haiM / (2) dazavaikAlika sUtra- dazavaikAlika dUsarA mUlasUtra hai / nandI sUtra ke vargIkaraNa ke anusAra utkAlika sUtroM meM dazavaikAlika prathama hai / isakI racanA Arya zayyambhava ne apane alpAyu putra maNaka ke lie pUrvo se niryUhaNa karake kI hai| isakA racanAkAla vIra ni.saMvat 72 ke Asa-pAsa hai / usa samaya prabhava svAmI vidyamAna the / isakI mAnyatA itanI hai ki navadIkSita sAdhu ko sarvaprathama isI kA adhyayana karAyA jAtA hai /

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50 [jaina Agama : eka paricaya viSayavastu- isa Agama ke dasa adhyayana haiN| inameM pA~caveM adhyayana ke do aura naveM adhyayana ke cAra uddezaka haiM / cauthA aura navA~ adhyayana gadya-padyAtmaka hai aura zeSa adhyayana padyAtmaka haiN| isake prathama adhyayana kA nAma drumapuSpikA hai| isameM dharma kA svarUpa batAkara zramaNa dvArA ahiMsA ke vivekayukta AcaraNa kA nirdeza hai| dUsare adhyayana sAmaNNapuvvayaM meM dhRti-dRr3hatA kI preraNA hai tathA rathanemi-rAjImatI kA prasaMga bhI saMketita hai| tIsare adhyayana khuDDiyArabaMdhakahA meM batAyA gayA hai ki jisa zramaNa meM dhRti nahIM hotI usake lie AcAra-anAcAra kA bheda bhI nahIM hotaa| caturtha adhyayana chajjIvaNiyA meM SaTjIvanikAya kA varNana karate hue zramaNa ko inakI virAdhanA se dUra rahane kI preraNA dI gaI hai| pA~ca mahAvratoM kA tathA chaThe rAtribhojanaviramaNavrata kA varNana isameM hai| pA~cave adhyayana piMDesaNA meM gaveSaNaiSaNA, grahaNaiSaNA aura paribhogaiSaNA kA varNana kara zramaNa kI nirdoSa tathA Adarza bhikSA-vidhi para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / chaThe adhyayana mahAyArakahA meM anAcAra (anAcIrNa) ke vividha pahaluoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| sAtaveM adhyayana vakkasuddhi (vAkya zuddhi) meM sAdhu ko kisa prakAra kI bhASA bolanI cAhie, yaha batAyA gayA hai| AThaveM adhyayana AyArapaNihI (AcAra praNidhi) meM AcAra nidhi ko prApta karake kisa prakAra rahanA cAhie-yaha nirdeza hai / naveM adhyayana viNayasamAhI (vinaya samAdhi) meM 'vinaya' zabda kA prayoga AcAra evaM usakI vividha dhArAoM meM huA hai| AcArya ke sAtha ziSya ko kaisA vyavahAra karanA cAhie, vinaya aura avinaya kA bheda evaM pariNAma batAyA gayA hai| sAtha hI kahA gayA hai ki Ayu meM

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] 51 choTA hone para bhI pahale dIkSita muni pUjya hotA hai| inake atirikta vinayasamAdhi, zrutasamAdhi, tapasamAdhi aura AcAra-samAdhi-cAra samAdhiyoM kA varNana hai| inake cAra-cAra bheda batAye haiN| dasaveM sabhikkhu adhyayana meM bhikSu ke lakSaNa batAye haiN| dasa adhyayanoM ke atirikta do cUlikAe~ haiM-pahalI rativAkyA aura dUsarI vivittacaryA / rativAkyA meM batAyA gayA hai ki prANiyoM kI asaMyama meM sahaja hI rati aura saMyama meM arati hotI hai| vivittacaryA meM zramaNoM kI caryA, guNoM aura niyamoM kA nirUpaNa hai| vizeSatAe~- cAra anuyogoM meM dazavaikAlika kA samAveza caraNakaraNAnuyoga meM hotA hai| isameM caraNa (mUlaguNa) aura karaNa (uttaraguNa) ina donoM kA samAveza hai / isakA vAkyazuddhi adhyayana to jana-sAdhAraNa ke lie bhI bahuta upayogI hai| apanI bhASA aura vANI para vivekapUrNa saMyama rakhakara mAnava apane aura sampUrNa samAja ke jIvana meM sukha-saritA pravAhita kara sakatA hai| (3) nandIsUtra- nandIsUtra ko cUlikAsUtra bhI kahA jAtA hai| cUlikAsUtroM meM avaziSTa viSayoM kA varNana yA varNita viSayoM kA spaSTIkaraNa hotA hai / Adhunika bhASA meM cUlikA ko pariziSTa kahA jA sakatA hai| nandIsUtra bhI Agama sAhitya ke lie pariziSTa kA kArya karatA hai| ___ . racayitA evaM racanAkAla- nandIsUtra ke racayitA devavAcaka haiN| inakA samaya vIra ni.saMvat 980 hai| ataH yahI kAla prastuta Agama kI racanA kA mAnA jA sakatA hai| viSayavastu- isa Agama kI racanA gadya aura padya donoM meM huI

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52 [jaina Agama : eka paricaya hai| isameM eka adhyayana, 700 zloka pramANa mUla pATha, 57 gadyasUtra aura 97 padya gAthAe~ haiM / isameM 24 tIrthaMkaroM aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 11 gaNadharoM tathA jina-pravacana ko namaskAra karane ke bAda sthavirAvalI (guru-ziSya paramparA) dI gayI hai| isameM jJAna para vistRta carcA upalabdha hotI hai| isameM mati, zruta Adi pA~ca jJAna, unake uttarabheda, svarUpa, vargIkaraNa Adi para bahuta hI sundara va tArkika dRSTi se vistRta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| hetuvAdikI Adi tIna saMjJAoM kA bhI varNana hai| zruta-jJAna ke akSara-anakSara Adi bheda bhI batAye gaye hai| mahatva- nandIsUtra meM bhAvamaMgalamaya 5 jJAnoM kA varNana hone se Agama sAhitya meM isakA vizeSa mahatva rahA hai / jJAna kI jitanI vistRta carcA yahA~ milatI hai, utanI anya AgamoM meM nhiiN| . (4) anuyogadvAra- anuyogadvAra ko bhI Agama cUlikAsUtra ke nAma se pahacAnA jAtA hai| ise samasta AgamoM aura unakI vyAkhyAoM ko samajhane ke lie kuMjI hI samajhanA caahie| ____ anuyoga kA artha vyAkhyA athavA vivecana hai / dUsare zabdoM meM, zabdoM kI vyAkhyA karane kI prakriyA anuyoga hai| racanAkAla evaM racayitA- isa Agama ke racayitA athavA saMkalanakartA AryarakSita haiN| unakA kAla vI.ni. saMvat 827 se pUrva kA hai, isalie yahI kAla anuyogadvAra kI racanA mAnA gayA hai| yaha to sarvavidita tathya hai ki Agama ko pRthaktvAnuyoga arthAt cAra anuyogoM meM unhoMne hI vibhAjita kiyA thaa| Agama ke mUla anekAntabhAva ko vismRta kara Age ke ziSya kahIM

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya ] 53 ekAntabhAva grahaNa karake mithyA AgrahI na bana jAyeM isIlie unhoMne nayoM kA vibhAga bhI kiyA thA / viSayavastu - isa Agama meM cAra dvAra haiM, 1899 zloka pramANa mUla pATha hai, 152 gadyasUtra haiM aura 143 padyasUtra haiM / paMca jJAna se maMgalAcaraNa karane ke uparAnta prathama AvazyakadvAra ( anuyoga ) zurU hotA hai| AvazyakasUtra kA aMgoM ke pazcAt sabase mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai, kyoMki zramaNa jIvana kA prArambha hI AvazyakasUtra meM nirUpita sAmAyika se hotA hai| pratidina prAta: aura sandhyA ke samaya zramaNa jIvana kI jo Avazyaka kriyA haiM, unakI zuddhi aura ArAdhanA kA nirUpaNa AvazyakasUtra meM haiM / -- yahA~ Avazyaka ke nAma, sthApanA, dravya, bhAva Adi nikSepoM kI dRSTi se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| sAmAyikarUpa prathama adhyayana ke upakrama, nikSepa, anugama aura naya ina cAro dvAroM se carcA kI gayI hai / anuyogadvAra kA pahalA dvAra upakrama hai, aura dUsarA nikSepa hai / nikSepa ke oghaniSpannanikSepa, nAmaniSpannanikSepa aura sUtrAlApakaniSpanna nikSepa tIna bheda kiye gaye haiN| isake bAda nikSepa kI vistRta carcA hai / tIsarA dvAra anugama hai| isake sUtrAnugama aura niryuktyanugama, ye do bheda batAye gaye haiM / cauthA dvAra naya hai / isameM naigama Adi sAta nayoM kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai / mahatva - isa Agama meM mahatvapUrNa jaina pAribhASika zabda siddhAntoM

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[ jaina Agama : eka paricaya kA vivecana hai / upakrama zailI kI pradhAnatA aura bheda - prabhedoM kI pracuratA se yaha Agama kucha kliSTa hai, lekina jainadarzana ke rahasya ko samajhane ke lie bahuta upayogI hai| cUrNi TIkAoM Adi meM bhI isI zailI ko apanAyA gayA hai| 54 isake atirikta isa Agama meM sAMskRtika sAmagrI bhI kAphI parimANa se milatI hai / saMgIta ke sAta svara, svarasthAna, grAma, mUrcchanAe~, saMgIta ke gaNu doSa, navarasa; sAmudrika lakSaNa, 108 aMgula ke mApa vAle, zaMkhAdi cinha vAle, masa, tila Adi vyaMjana vAle uttama puruSa bhI batAye gaye haiM / nakSatra Adi ke prazasta hone para suvRSTi aura aprazasta hone para durbhikSa Adi-nimitta ke sambandha meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai / chedasUtra- chedasUtroM meM jaina sAdhuoM kI AcAra saMhitA kA vistRta vivecana hai / yaha sampUrNa vivecana utsarga, apavAda, doSa aura prAyazcitta- ina cAra vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai / ' utsarga' kA abhiprAya sAmAnya vidhAna aura niyama haiM / 'apavAda' kisI vizeSa paristhiti meM viziSTa vidhAna ko kahA jAtA hai / doSa - utsarga aura apavAda mArga meM kisI prakAra kI skhalanA athavA bhaMga ko kahA jAtA hai / prAyazcita - isakA artha hai doSa lagane para niSkapaTa bhAva se AlocanA karake aura samucita daNDa grahaNa karake punaH zuddhIkaraNa karanA / chedasUtroM meM ina cAroM kA vivecana hai / ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki chedasUtroM ke samucita jJAna ke abhAva meM AcAradharma ke gahana rahasyoM aura vizuddha AcAravicAra ko samajhanA kaThina hai /

Page #56
jaina Agama : eka paricaya] chedasUtroM kA saMkSipta paricaya nimna prakAra se hai: (1) dazAzrutaskandha- yaha chedasUtra hai| ThANAMga meM isakA dUsarA nAma AcAradazA (AyAradasA) bhI diyA gayA hai| isameM doSoM se bacane kA vidhAna hai| viSayavastu- dazAzrutaskandha meM dasa adhyayana haiN| isIlie isakA nAma dazAzrutaskandha hai / isakA pramANa 1830 anuSTupa zloka hai| isameM 216 gadyasUtra aura 52 padyasUtra haiN| isameM adhyayanoM ko dazA athavA uddezaka kahA gayA hai| prathama dazA meM 20 asamAdhisthAnoM kA varNana hai| asamAdhisthAna ve hote haiM, jinase citta kI zAMti bhaMga hotI hai| dUsarI dazA meM zabala doSoM kA varNana hai / zabala doSa kA artha hai jinase cAritra kI nirmalatA dUSita evaM khaNDita hotI hai| tIsarI dazA meM 33 prakAra kI AzAtanAoM kA varNana hai| AzAtanA guru Adi mahAn puru SoM ke apamAna ko kahA jAtA hai| isase samyagdarzanAdi guNa khaNDita ho jAte haiN| caturtha dazA meM ATha gaNI saMpadAoM kA varNana hai / gaNI saMgha ke nAyaka athavA AcArya hote hai / pA~cavIM dazA meM dasa prakAra kI cittasamAdhi kA varNana hai| chaThI dazA meM gyAraha upAsaka pratimAoM kA varNana hai| sAtavIM dazA meM zramaNa kI bAraha pratimAoM kA varNana hai / AThavIM dazA meM paryuSaNA kalpa kA varNana hai| paryuSaNA kA artha hotA hai AtmA ke samIpa rahanA, AtmaramaNa karanA aura Atmastha honaa| dUsarA artha hai eka sthAna para rhnaa| yahA~ vibhinna apekSAoM se paryuSaNA ke 9 paryAyavAcI zabda dekara inakA vivecana bhI kiyA

Page #57
56 [jaina Agama : eka paricaya gayA hai| navI dazA meM 30 mahAmohanIyasthAnoM kA varNana hai| ye mohanIya karmabaMdha ke hetubhUta 30 bheda haiN| ina bhedoM meM hiMsA, gusa rUpa se anAcAra sevana karanA, kevala jJAnI kI nindA karanA, kisI para mithyA kalaMka lagAnA, jAdU-TonA karanA Adi pramukha haiN| dasavIM dazA kA nAma AyatisthAna hai| isameM vibhinna prakAra ke nidAnoM kA varNana hai| Ayati kA artha janma-maraNa kA lAbha prApta karanA batAyA hai| nidAna vAsanAoM athavA bhautika sukhoM kI pUrti ke lie AtmA kA dRr3ha saMkalpa hai| yahA~ rAjagRha nagara meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM zreNika-celanA ke divyabhavya-tejasvI rUpa ko dekhakara zramaNa-zramaNiyoM dvArA nidAna karane kI ghaTanA kA ullekha karake bhagavAna dvArA unako nidAna ke kaTu pariNAmoM ko samajhAne kA varNana hai| vizeSatAe~- prastuta Agama meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvanI vistAra se AThavIM dazA meM milatI hai| isa Agama meM cittasamAdhi aura dharma-cintavana kA sundara nirUpaNa huA hai| isake praNetA carama zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu hai| (2) bRhatkalpa- prastuta Agama kA chedasUtroM meM gauravapUrNa sthAna hai| anya chedasUtroM ke samAna isameM bhI AcAra-sambadhI vidhi-niSedha, utsarga-apavAda, prAyazcitta Adi para carcA upalbdha hotI hai| ise 'kappa suttaM' bhI kahate haiN| viSayavastu- isameM 6 uddezaka, 81 adhikAra aura 473 zloka pramANa mUla pATha hai| prathama uddezaka meM 50 sUtra haiN| inameM pahale ke 5 sUtra tAla

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya ] pralamba sambandhI haiM / zramaNa- zramaNiyoM ko apakva tAlaphala athavA tAlamUla nahIM lenA cAhie Adi / mAsakalpa sambandhI niyamoM meM zramaNa- zramaNiyoM ke eka sthAna para Thaharane Adi kI maryAdA batAyI gayI hai / isI sandarbha meM grAma, nagara, kheTa, Adi kI paribhASA bhI batAyI gayI hai| rAtrivizrAma Adi ke niyama bhI diye gaye haiM / vihAra kSetra kI maryAdA bhI nizcita kI gayI hai / 57 dUsare uddezaka meM zramaNa- zramaNiyoM ke Thaharane yogya AzrayasthAna kA varNana hai / tIsare uddezaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki zramaNoM ko zramaNiyoM ke upAzraya meM nahIM rahanA caahie| isI prakAra zramaNiyA~ bhI zramaNoM ke upAzraya meM na raheM / cauthe uddezaka meM abrahmasevana aura rAtribhojana Adi vratoM meM doSa laga jAne para prAyazcita kA vidhAna hai / isI uddezaka meM AhAra grahaNa karane ke niyama, vihAra ke niyama aura mRta zramaNazramaNI kI antima kriyA ke sambandha meM nirdeza haiM / pA~caveM uddezaka meM AhAra Adi ke khAne para vizeSa cintana hai / chaThe uddezaka meM zramaNoM kI vAkyazuddhi para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai / mahatva - prastuta Agama meM zramaNoM ke jIvana aura vyavahAra viSayaka aneka tathyoM kA sUkSma vivecana hai / yahI isa Agama kI vizeSatA hai|

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[ jaina Agama : eka paricaya (3) vyavahArasUtra - bRhatkalpa aura vyavahAra eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiM / vyavahAra meM bhI zramaNoM kI AcAra - viSayaka bAtoM para cintana hai / yaha bhI chedasUtra hai aura anuyogoM ke anusAra isakA vargIkaraNa caraNAnuyoga meM hai / 58 viSayavastu - isameM 10 uddezaka haiM, 373 anuSTupa zloka pramANa mUla pATha hai aura sUtra saMkhyA 267 hai / prathama uddezaka meM prAyazcitta kA varNana hai / sAtha hI yaha bhI batAyA hai ki AcArya, upAdhyAya ke samakSa AlocanA karake aura prAyazcita lekara zuddha ho jAnA caahie| yadi ve na hoM to saMbhogI, sadhArmika aura bahuzruta ke samakSa AlocanA karanI cAhie / dUsare uddezaka meM bhI prAyazcita kA cintana hai / tIsare uddezaka meM AcArya, upAdhyAya banane kI yogyatA nirdhArita kI gayI hai| cauthe uddezaka meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki yadi AcArya athavA upAdhyAya upasthita na hoM to inake abhAva meM zramaNoM ko kisa prakAra rahanA cAhie / pA~caveM uddezaka meM zramaNiyoM ke lie nirdeza haiM tathA vaiyAvRtya sambandhI niyamoM kA nirUpaNa hai / chaThe uddezaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki agItArtha (alpazruta) sAdhu ko binA sthaviroM kI anumati ke apane svajanoM ke ghara nahIM jAnA caahie| sAtha hI AcArya - upAdhyAya kI sevA karane kA vidhAna bhI hai / .

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59 jaina Agama : eka paricaya] sAtaveM uddezaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki sAdhu strI ko aura sAdhvI puruSa ko dIkSA na de| yadi paristhitivaza aisA karanA par3e to zIghra hI strI ko sAdhvIsaMgha meM aura puruSa ko zramaNasaMgha ke supurda kara de| __ AThaveM uddezaka meM vastra, pAtra Adi kI maryAdA batAI gaI hai| sAtha hI AhAra kI carcA meM alpAhArI, dvibhAgaprApta, prAmANopetAhArI tathA avamaudarika sAdhu ke AhAra kA parimANa batAyA hai| naveM uddezaka meM bhikSu pratimAoM kA varNana hai| dasaveM uddezaka meM yavamadhyacandrapratimA yA vajramadhyacandrapratimA kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai| vyavahAra ke Agama, zruta, AjJA, dhAraNA aura jIta vyavahAra ye pA~ca prakAra haiN| inameM Agama kA sthAna prathama hai| sthaviroM ke 3 bheda, zaikSa-bhUmiyoM ke 3 prakAra, dasa prakAra kI vaiyAvRtya kA varNana hai aura batAyA gayA hai ki vaiyAvRtya se mahAnirjarA hotI hai| vizeSatAe~- isa Agama kI aneka vizeSatAe~ haiM / sarvaprathama, isameM svAdhyAya para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| sAtha hI ayogya kAla meM svAdhyAya nahIM karanA cAhie, aisA batAyA gayA hai / anadhyAya kAla kI vivecanA bhI kI gaI hai| dUsare, zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke madhya adhyayana kI sImAe~ nirdhArita kI gaI haiN| sAdhviyoM ke nivAsa, caryA, upadhAna, vaiyAvRtya Adi ke niyama nirdhArita kiye gaye haiN| tIsare, saMgha vyavasthA ke niyamopaniyamoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| cauthe, AhAra ke sambandha meM alpAhArI, UnodarI

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60 [jaina Agama : eka paricaya Adi kA bhI varNana hai| pA~caveM, zramaNa-zramaNI ke vihAra tathA AcArya, upAdhyAya banane kI yogyatA kA bhI nidarzana hai| chaThe, AlocanA, prAyazcitta Adi kI vidhiyoM kA vistRta vivecana bhI isameM milatA hai| isa Agama ke racayitA bhI zrutakevalI AcArya bhadrabAhu mAne jAte haiN| (4) nizItha- chedasUtroM meM nizItha kA pramukha sthAna hai| ise prAkRta meM 'NisIha' athavA 'nisIha' kahA gayA hai| saMskRta meM 'NisihiyA' ke 'nizIthikA' aura 'niSidhikA' donoM rUpa ho sakate haiN| 'niSidhikA' kA artha niSedha karane vAlA aura 'nizIthikA' kA artha rAtri sambandhI athavA andhakAra yA aprakAza hotA hai| nizIthabhASya (gAthA 64 ) meM ise 'aprakAza ' hI mAnA hai| nizItha ke adhyayana ke lie nirdhArita maryAdAe~- yaha sUtra apavAda bahula hai, ataH ise pratyeka sAdhaka ko nahIM par3hAyA jaataa| nizIthacUrNi meM batAyA gayA hai ki pAThaka tIna prakAra ke hote haiM-(1) apariNAmika-jinakI buddhi aparipakva hotI hai, (2) pariNAmika-jinakI buddhi paripakva hotI hai, aura (3) atipariNAmika-jinakI buddhi tarkapUrNa hotI hai| inameM se apariNAmika aura pariNAmika nizItha par3hane yogya nahIM hai| nizItha bhASya (670 2-3) meM kahA gayA hai ki jo jIvana-rahasya ko dhAraNa kara sakatA hai, vahI nizItha par3hane kA adhikArI hai| yahA~ 'rahasya' zabda isa Agama kI gopanIyatA kA paricAyaka hai| nizIthacUrNi, (gA. 6265), vyavahAra bhASya (uddezaka 7, gA.

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya ] 61 202 - 3) aura vyavahArasUtra (uddezaka, 10 gA. 20 - 21) ke anusAra nizItha ke adhyayana ke lie yaha pratibandha lagAyA gayA hai kikama se kama 3 varSa kA dIkSita ho, gAmbhIrya Adi guNoM se yukta ho, kAMkha meM bAlayukta aura 16 varSa kI Ayu vAlA ho, vahI nizItha kA vAcaka ho sakatA hai / lekina sAtha hI vyavahArasUtra ( uddezaka 3, sU. 3 aura sUtra 1 ) meM yaha vidhAna bhI hai ki nizItha kA jJAtA hue binA koI zramaNa na svatantra vicaraNa kara sakatA hai aura na upAdhyAya Adi pada kA adhikArI hI bana sakatA hai| isIliye vyavahArasUtra meM nizItha ko eka mAnadaNDa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai aura nizItha kA jJAtA hue binA koI sAdhu prAyazcita dene kA adhikArI nahIM mAnA gayA hai / ataH isa zAstra kA mahatva spaSTa hai / itanA mahatvapUrNa grantha hote hue bhI ina maryAdAoM ke kAraNa hI isakA vAcana sabhA meM nahIM hotA / viSayavastu nizItha meM cAra prakAra ke prAyazcittoM kA varNana hai / isake 20 uddezaka haiM / 19 uddezakoM meM prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai aura 20 veM uddezaka meM prAyazcitta dene kI prakriyA kA nirUpaNa hai / isa Agama meM varNita cAra prakAra ke prAyazcitta ye hai - (1) gura mAsika, (2) laghumAsika, (3) gurucAturmAsika aura (4) lghucaaturmaasik| pahale uddezaka meM gurumAsika prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai, dUsare se pA~caveM uddezaka meM laghumAsika kA, chaThe se gyArahaveM taka meM gurucAturmAsika kA aura bArahaveM se unnIsaveM taka meM laghucAturmAsika prAyazcita kA vidhAna diyA gayA hai| bIsaveM uddezaka meM AlocanA evaM prAyazcitta karate samaya lagane vAle doSoM kA

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62 [ jaina Agama : eka paricaya vicAra kiyA gayA hai tathA unake lie vizeSa prAyazcitta kI vyavasthA kI gaI hai / isa Agama meM lagabhaga 1500 sUtra haiM isa Agama kA viSaya gopanIya hai isalie usakI vizeSa carcA karanA yahA~ apekSita nahIM; kintu saMkSepa meM itanA hI kaha denA kAphI hai ki mahAvrata, paMca samiti, Adi zramaNa - jIvana ke AcaraNIya vratoM meM lagane vAle sambhAvita doSoM ke prAyazcitta kA vidhAna isa Agama meM huA hai / racayitA evaM racanAkAla - nizItha ke racayitA zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu svAmI mAne jAte haiM / isakA sambandha caraNAnuyoga se hai / AcArAMga kI pA~ca cUlAoM meM antima cUlA kA nAma agra hai aura isIliye nizItha kA nAma bhI ' agra' hai kyoMki yaha AcArAMga kI pA~cavIM cUlA hai / isakI racanA naveM pUrva AcAraprAbhRta se kI gaI hai, isalie isakA nAma 'AcAra prakalpa' bhI hai / Agama sAhitya meM nizItha kA nAma 'AyArakappa' bhI milatA hai / * kucha cintakoM ne isa Agama ke zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuracita hone para zaMkA uThAI hai| lekina kisI bhI zAstra ke racanAkAla ko nirdhArita karane ke lie antaH sAkSya prabala mAnA jAtA hai / nizItha ke unnIsaveM uddezaka meM yaha AtA hai ki 'nava brahmacarya ( AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha) ko chor3a kara anya sUtra ko pahale par3hAne se laghu- cAturmAsika prAyazcita AtA hai| yaha sarvavidita tathya hai ki dazavaikAlika sUtra ke nirmANa se pahale hI AcArAMga ko prathama par3hAyA jAtA thA aura dazavaikAlika

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya ] 63 ke nirmANa ke bAda AcArAMga ke sthAna para dazavaikAlika par3hAyA jAne lagA / dazavaikAlika Arya zayyaMbhava kI racanA hai aura dazavaikAlika kA racanAkAla vIra ni. saMvat 72 hai / yadi nizItha dazavaikAlika ke bAda kI racanA hotI to usameM uparyukta prAyazcitta kA vidhAna na hotaa| ataH spaSTa hai ki nizItha mUlataH sthaviroMgaNadharoM kI racanA hai, isake artha ke upadeSTA tIrthaMkara haiM aura isakA niryahaNa zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu svAmI ne naveM pUrva AcAraprAbhRta se kiyA hai / mahatva - nizItha kA jaina AgamoM meM viziSTa sthAna hai / prAyazcitta ke sarvAMgINa vidhAna kI dRSTi se yaha Agama anya AgamoM se vilakSaNa hai / AvazyakasUtra - Avazyaka jaina sAdhanA kA prANa hai / yaha jIvana-zuddhi, Atmonnati aura doSa parimArjana kA mahAsUtra hai / 1 jo zramaNa - zramaNI zrAvaka-zrAvikArUpa caturvidha saMdha ke lie Avazyaka rUpa se pratidina karane yogya hai, vaha Avazyaka kahalAtA hai aura jisa Agama meM usakA varNana hai vaha AvazyakasUtra ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| anuyogadvAra meM Avazyaka ke avazya karaNIya, dhruva nigraha, vizodhi, nyAya, ArAdhanA, mArga, adhyayana SaTkavarga Adi paryAyavAcI nAma diye haiM / viSayavastu - AvazyakasUtra meM 6 adhyayana haiM- (1) sAmAyika, (2) caturvizatistava, (3) vaMdana, (4) pratikramaNa, (5) kAyotsarga (6) pratyAkhyAna /

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64 [jaina Agama : eka paricaya sAmAyika kA artha rAga-dveSarahita samatAbhAva hai / yaha utkRSTa sAdhanA hai| sAvadha yogoM se virata hokara jaba AtmA meM ramaNa kiyA jAtA hai taba sAmAyika kI sAdhanA hotI hai| sAmAyika anya sabhI sAdhanAoM kA mUla hai / isake binA anya sabhI sAdhanAe~ vyartha haiM / isIlie upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne ise sampUrNa jinavANI kA sAra aura jina-bhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne 14 pUrva kA 'arthapiNDa' kahA hai| ___ caturviMzatistava Avazyaka sUtra kA dUsarA adhyayana hai| isameM sAdhaka 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti karatA hai| isa stuti se sAdhaka kA ahaMkAra naSTa hotA hai aura use mahAna AdhyAtmika bala kI prApti hotI hai, kyoMki tIrthaMkara AdhyAtmika jagata ke sarvotkRSTa netA haiN| unakI stuti karane kA abhiprAya hai unake guNoM ko apane jIvana meM utaarnaa| tRtIya adhyayana vandana hai| tIrthaMkaradeva kI stuti ke bAda gurU ko vandana kiyA jAtA hai; kyoMki deva ke bAda guru kA krama hai| mana-vacana-kAyA kA vaha samasta vyavahAra jisameM gurudeva ke prati bhakti aura bahumAna pragaTa ho, vandana hai| Avazyakaniyukti meM vandana ke citikarma, pUjAkarma, kRtikarma Adi paryAya diye gaye haiN| caturtha adhyayana pratikramaNa hai| pratikramaNa kA abhiprAya hai azubha bhAvoM meM gayI AtmA ko zubhabhAvoM meM lauttaanaa| sAvadya aura azubhayogoM se nivRtta hokara niHzalya bhAva se uttarottara zubha aura zuddha bhAvoM meM pravRtta honA pratikramaNa kahalAtA hai|

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] 65 sAdhanA ke kSetra meM mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura azubha yoga ye pA~ca bhayAvaha doSa haiM / sAdhaka ko ina doSoM ko dUra karake aura inake pratipakSI guNoM ko dhAraNa karanA caahie| jaise mithyAtva ko tyAga kara samyaktva, avirati ko tyAgakara virati, pramAda ke sthAna para apramAda, kaSAya ke badale upazama aura saMsAra bar3hAne vAle azubhayogoM ke sthAna para zubhayoga meM pravRtti karanA tathA anta meM yoga nirodha kara 'sarva-saMvara' kI bhUmikA meM pahu~canAsAdhaka kA lakSya hai| kAla kI dRSTi se pratikramaNa ke pA~ca bheda haiM- (1) daivasika (2) rAtrika (3) pAkSika (4) cAturmAsika aura (5) saaNvtsrik| pA~cavA adhyayana kAyotsarga hai| anuyogadvAra meM kAyotsarga kA dUsarA nAma 'vraNacikitsA' diyA gayA hai| dharmasAdhanA athavA jIvana vyavahAra ke samaya pramAdavaza jo bhUleM ho jAtI haiM, AdhyAtmika zabdAvalI meM ve 'vraNa' kahe gaye haiN| kAyotsarga eka prakAra kI auSadhi hai jo unheM ThIka karatI hai| 'kAyotsarga' kA zAbdika artha kAya kA utsarga hai| kAya ke utsarga kA sahI abhiprAya kAya kI mamatA-mamatva kA tyAga hai| kAyotsarga ke cAra rUpa batAye haiM (1) utthita-utthita, (2) utthita-niviSTa, (3) upaviSTa-utthita, aura (4) upaviSTa-niviSTa /

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[ jaina Agama : eka paricaya utthita - utthita meM sAdhaka AtmA se bhI khar3A hotA hai aura zarIra se bhI / utthita - niviSTa meM zarIra se to khar3A hotA hai lekina azubhabhAvoM meM ramaNa karane ke kAraNa AtmA se baiTha jAtA hai / upaviSTa - utthita meM zArIrika asvasthatA athavA nirbalatA ke kAraNa zarIra se to baiThA rahatA hai kintu usakI AtmA zubhabhAvoM meM ramaNa karatI hai / upaviSTa - niviSTa kAyotsarga meM sAdhaka zarIra aura AtmA donoM prakAra se hI baiThA rahatA hai / yaha kAryotsarga nahIM, kintu dambha mAtra hai / 1 66. chaThA adhyayana pratyAkhyAna hai / pratyAkhyAna kA artha hai tyAga karanA / anuyogadvAra meM isakA dUsarA nAma 'guNadhAraNa' hai / pratyAkhyAna ke do bheda haiM- (1) mUlaguNapratyAkhyAna, aura (2) uttara- guNapratyAkhyAna / mUlaguNapratyAkhyAna ke bhI do bheda haiM- (1) sarvamUlaguNapratyAkhyAna, aura (2) dezamUlaguNapratyAkhyAna / isI prakAra uttaraguNapratyAkhyAna ke bhI sarva aura deza kI apekSA do bheda haiN| mUlaguNa yAvajjIvana ke lie dhAraNa kiye jAte haiM aura uttaraguNa samaya kI maryAdA ke sAtha / zrAvaka ke lie tIna (3) guNavrata aura cAra (4) zikSAvrata dezauttaraguNa- pratyAkhyAna hai| anAgata, atikrAnta, koTisahita, niyantrita sAkAra, nirAkAra, parimANakRta, niravazeSa, sAMketika, addhAsamaya - yaha dasa prakAra kA pratyAkhyAna sarvauttaraguNapratyAkhyAna hai jo zramaNa aura zrAvaka donoM ke lie hai / , pratyAkhyAna Avazyaka saMyama sAdhanA meM tejasvitA lAtA hai aura tyAga - vairAgya ko dRr3hatA pradAna karatA hai, isalie pratyeka

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] 67 sAdhaka ko pratyAkhyAna karanA Avazyaka hai| dravya aura bhAva- Upara varNita chahoM Avazyaka dravya aura bhAva donoM apekSAoM se pAlanIya haiN| dravya kA artha hai bAhya dRSTi aura kAryakalApa tathA bhAva kA abhiprAya antaraMga se hai| udAharaNArthasAmAyika meM baiThanA Adi zArIrika kriyAe~ dravya haiM aura AtmA kA sthiratA zubha-zuddhabhAvoM meM ramaNa karanA bhaav| isI taraha caturviMzatistava, vandana Adi meM bhI samajha lenA caahie| bhAvapratyAkhyAna kA abhiprAya kaSAya tathA doSoM ke tyAga se hai aura dravyapratyAkhyAna kA bhautika upabhoga-paribhoga sAmagrI ke tyAga se| yaha smaraNIya hai ki sAdhanA ke pratyeka mArga meM bhAva kA hI adhika mahatva hai, dravya kA bahuta kama / bAhya kriyAoM kA mahatva tabhI hai jaba antaraMga bhI unameM ramA ho| mahatva- prastuta Agama bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa hai| vaidika paramparA kI sandhyA, IsAI dharma kI prArthanA, bauddhadharma kI upAsanA aura islAma-dharma kI namAja se bhI bar3ha kara sthAna jainadharmasammata Avazyaka kA hai| yaha doSazuddhi guNavRddhi ke lie rAma-rasAyana ke samAna hai, saMjIvanI bUTI hai| uparokta pRSThoM meM battIsa (32) AgamoM kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai / Agama to ratnAkara ke samAna gUr3ha rahasyoM se bhare aura ati vizAla evaM dhana-gambhIra haiN| inakI viSaya-vastu kA digdarzanamAtra hI yahA~ ho sakA hai| eka prazna yaha hai ki Agama to adhika haiM, kintu sthAnakavAsI paramparA ina 32 ko hI kyoM pramANabhUta mAnatI hai? isa prazna kA

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68 [jaina Agama : eka paricaya samAdhAna yaha hai ki ye Agama bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mUlavANI haiM athavA mUlavANI se sammata haiM / inameM prakSipta aMza yA to bilkula hI nahIM hai athavA na ke barAbara hai| ina AgamoM ko pramANabhUta mAnane kA kAraNa yahI hai| prakIrNaka-sAhitya prakIrNaka Agama sAhitya- nandIsUtra ke TIkAkAra malayagiri ke anusAra prakIrNaka (painnA) ve kahalAte haiM jinakI racanA tIrthaMkara dvArA upadiSTa zruta kA anusaraNa karake zramaNa karate haiN| prakIrNakoM kI saMkhyA 14000 mAnI gayI hai, lekina vartamAna meM upalabdha pramukha prakIrNaka dasa haiN| inakA saMkSipta paricaya nimna hai: (1) catuHzaraNa- isakA dUsarA nAma 'kuzalAnubandhi adhyayana' bhI hai| ye cAra hI zaraNa mAne gaye haiN| isIlie isakA nAma catu:zaraNa hai| ina cAroM ke atirikta saMsAra meM koI bhI zaraNabhUta nahIM hai, yahI isa Agama kA hArda hai|| prArambha meM SaDAvazyaka para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isameM batAyA hai ki sAmAyika se cAritra kI vizuddhi hotI hai , caturvizatijinastavana se darzana kI vizuddhi hotI hai, guruvandana se jJAna nirmala hotA hai, pratikramaNa se jJAna-darzana-cAritra-tInoM kI vizuddhi hotI hai, kAyotsarga se tapa kI vizuddhi hotI hai aura pratyAkhyAna se vIrya (paNDitavIrya) kI zuddhi hotI hai| isa Agama ke racayitA vIrabhadra mAne jAte haiN| (2) AturapratyAkhyAna (AurapaccakkhANa)- yaha prakIrNaka maraNa se sambandhita hai| isalie ise 'antakAla prakIrNaka'

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69 jaina Agama : eka paricaya] bhI kahA jAtA hai / isameM 70 gAthAe~ hai aura dasa gAthA ke bAda kucha bhAga gadya meM bhI hai| viSayavastu- isameM sarvaprathama paNDitamaraNa kI vivecanA kI gayI hai| maraNa ke tIna prakAra-bAlamaraNa, bAlapaNDitamaraNa aura paNDitamaraNa batAye gaye haiN| bAlamaraNa karane vAlA virAdhaka aura paNDitamaraNa karane vAlA ArAdhaka hotA hai, ise tIna bhava meM mukti prApta ho jAtI hai| bAlapaNDitamaraNa kI vivecanA karate hue dezavirata kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai| isameM zrAvaka ke bArahavrata, saMlekhanA tathA bAlapaNDitamaraNa vAle jIva kI vaimAnika devoM meM utpati batAkara sAta bhavoM me mukti batAyI gayI hai| isake racayitA vIrabhadra mAne gaye haiN| (3) mahApratyAkhyAna (mahApaccakkhANa)- isameM sarvatra tyAga kI vivecanA, carcA aura usakA mahatva dikhAyA gayA hai| isameM 142 gAthAe~ haiN| viSayavastu- prArambha meM tIrthaMkara, jina, siddha aura saMyatoM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai aura usake bAda pApa ke pratyAkhyAna kI vistRta vivecanA hai| isameM vizeSa rUpa se pratyAkhyAna aura mamatvatyAga kA upadeza evaM preraNA hai| (4) bhaktaparijJA- isameM bhaktaparijJAmaraNa kA vizeSa rUpa se varNana huA hai| isameM 172 gAthAe~ haiM / viSayavastu- isameM bhaktaparijJAmaraNa ke bhI savicAra aura avicAra-do bheda kiye gaye haiN| isameM batAyA hai ki samyagdRSTi ko hI mukti ho sakatI hai aura mukta avasthA meM bhI samyagdarzana sAtha

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30 [jaina Agama : eka paricaya rahatA hai| isameM mana ko vaza meM karane ke aneka dRSTAnta diye gaye haiN| bhaktaparijJAmaraNa kA phala acyuta kalpa, sarvArthasiddha athavA mukti prApta karanA batAyA hai| isake racayitA vIrabhadra haiM aura guNaratna ne isa para avacUri likhI hai| (5) tandulavaicArika (tandulaveyAliya)- isameM 100 varSa kI Ayu vAlA manuSya kitanA tandula (cAvala) khAtA hai, isa bAta para vistRta cintana hone ke kAraNa isakA nAma 'tandulavaicArika' par3a gyaa| vaise isameM mukhya rUpa se garbha viSayaka varNana hai| isameM 139 gAthAe~ haiM / bIca-bIca meM kucha gadyasUtra bhI haiN| viSayavastu- sarvaprathama bhagavAna mahAvIra ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| phira manuSya ke garbhavAsa ke kAla kA varNana hai / garbhastha manuSya ke muhUrta, usake zvAsocchvAsa, garbha meM sthita jIvoM kI adhikatama saMkhyA, garbha samaya ke AhAra Adi kA varNana hai| mAtA-pitA ke bAlaka meM tIna-tIna aMga bhI batAye haiN| garbhaja jIva kI dasa dazAoM kA bhI varNana hai| vyAvahArika dRSTi se kAla kI gaNanA kI gayI hai| striyoM kI prakRti kA vistRta varNana hai| sabase anta meM zarIra ko janma-jarA-maraNa Adi vyAdhiyoM kA ghara batAkara sampUrNa dukhoM se mukti prApti ke prayAsa kI preraNA dI gayI hai| (6) saMstAraka- isameM mRtyu ke samaya apanAne yogya tRNa Adi kI zaiyA kA varNana hai / isa grantha meM 123 gAthAe~ haiN|

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] 71 viSayavastu- isameM samasta duSpravRttiyoM kA parityAga karake mana-vANI-zarIra ko saMyama meM rakhakara ha~sate-ha~sate mRtyu kA varaNa karane kI preraNA hai| saMthAre kI sAdhanA se mRtyu ko saphala banAne kA upadeza hai| atIta kAla meM saMthArA karane vAlI kucha mahAna AtmAoM kI prazaMsA bhI isa grantha meM kI gayI hai| isa para guNaratna ne avacUri kI racanA kI hai| (7) gacchAcAra painnA- yaha prakIrNaka mahAnizItha, bRhatkalpa va vyavahAra sUtroM ke AdhAra para likhA gayA hai| isameM gaccha arthAt samUha meM rahane vAle zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke AcAra kA varNana hai| isameM 137 gAthAe~ haiN| viSayavastu- isameM batAyA gayA hai ki jo zramaNa AdhyAtmika sAdhanA se apane jIvana kI unnati karanA cAhatA hai, vaha gaccha meM hI rahe / isameM gaccha kA mahatva pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke AcAra-vyavahAra kA bhI vistRta varNana hai| isa para Anandavimala sUri ke ziSya vijayavimala gaNi ne TIkA likhI hai| (8) gaNividyA (gaNivijjA)- yaha jyotiSa kA mahatvapUrNa grantha hai| isameM kevala 82 gAthAe~ haiN| viSayavastu- isameM divasa, tithi, nakSatra, karaNa, grahadivasa, muhUrta, zakuna, lagna aura nimitta ina nau viSayoM kA vivecana hai| inameM kramaza: pahale se bAda ke viSayoM ko balavAna batAyA hai| isameM horA kA bhI varNana hai| isa grantha meM zubha-azubha tithiyA~, nakSatroM, sthira nakSatroM evaM

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[ jaina Agama : eka paricaya vibhinna nakSatroM tathA tithiyoM meM vibhinna kArya karane kA nirdeza hai| saMkSepa meM yaha grantha phalita jyotiSa sambandhI viziSTa jAnakArI detA hai / 72 (9) devendrastava (deviMdathava ) - isa prakIrNaka meM 32 devendroM kA vistArapUrvaka varNana huA hai / isameM 307 gAthAe~ haiM / viSayavastu sarvaprathama isameM 32 prakAra ke devendroM kA vistArapUrvaka varNana hai / usake bAda 8 prakAra ke vyantara devoM, jyotiSI devoM aura vaimAnika devoM kA varNana hai / isameM 32 prakAra ke devendra kahakara bhI adhika indroM kA varNana hai / vizeSa- isa grantha meM 32 prakAra ke indra kahe gaye haiM, jabaki mAnyatA 64 indroM kI hai- bhavanapati devoM ke 20, bANavyantaroM ke 32 jyotiSI devoM ke 2 aura vaimAnikoM ke 10 / isake raciyatA bhI vIrabhadra haiM / (10) maraNasamAdhi ( maraNasamAhI ) - isa prakIrNaka kA dUsarA nAma 'maraNa- vibhakti' bhI hai / yaha prakIrNa anya sabhI prakarNakoM se bar3A hai| isakI racanA (1) maraNavibhakti (2) maraNavizodhi (3) maraNasamAdhi (4) saMlekhanA zruta (5) bhaktaparijJA ( 6 ) AturapratyAkhyAna (7) mahApratyAkhyAna (8) ArAdhanA - ina ATha granthoM ke AdhAra para huI hai / viSayavastu - isameM AcArya ne samAdhimaraNa ke kAraNabhUta 14 dvAra batAye haiM / ina 14 dvAroM ke nAma ye haiM - (1) AlocanA ( 2 ) saMlekhanA (3) kSamApanA (4) kAla (5) utsarga (6) udgrAsa

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] 73 (7) saMthArA (8) nisarga (9) vairAgya (10) mokSa (11) dhyAna vizeSa (12) lezyA (13) samyaktva aura (14) paadpopgmn| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki AlocanA niHzalya hokara karanI caahie| sAtha hI AlocanA ke doSoM kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| saMlekhanA ke Abhyantara aura bAhya do bheda batAye gaye haiN| Abhyantara saMlekhanA kaSAyoM ko kRza karanA hai aura bAhya saMlekhanA zarIra ko kRza krnaa| saMlekhanA kI vidhi kA bhI digdarzana hai| paNDitamaraNa kA vivecana hai| pAdapopagamana saMthArA karake mukta hone vAle mahAna puruSoM ke dRSTAnta bhI diye haiM / anta meM anitya, azaraNa Adi 12 bhAvanAoM kA bhI varNana hai| (11) candravedhyaka (candAvijjhaya)- isa prakIrNaka meM 175 gAthAe~ haiM / isameM batAyA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra jarA-sA bhI asAvadhAna puruSa rAdhA-vedha nahIM kara sakatA usI prakAra antima samaya meM tanika bhI pramAda kA AcaraNa karane vAlA sAdhaka mukti nahIM prApta kara sktaa| __isa prakIrNaka meM (1) vinaya (2) AcAryaguNa (3) ziSyaguNa (4) vinayanigrahaguNa (5) jJAnaguNa (6) caraNaguNa (7) maraNaguNa, ina sAta viSayoM kA vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| (12) vIrastava (vIratthava)- isa prakIrNaka meM 43 gAthAe~ haiM / isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI stuti kI gaI hai aura unake nAma batAye gaye haiN| uparyukta prakIrNakoM ke atirikta anya prakIrNakoM kI bhI racanA huI hai| inameM se kucha haiM-titthAgolI, ajIvakalpa, siddhapAhuDa,

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74 [jaina Agama : eka paricaya dvIpasAgara-prajJapti, jyotiSakaraMDaka, aMgavidyA, yauniprAbhRta aadi| prakIrNaka sAhitya kI vizeSatAe~- sabhI prakIrNakoM meM jIvama ko zuddha banAne kI prakriyA batAI gaI hai| sAdhaka ke jIvana meM nirmalatA aura pavitratA bharane ke bAre meM vistArapUrvaka cintana huA hai| kucha prakIrNakoM meM jyotiSa aura nimitta sambandhI viSayoM para bhI cintana huA hai| isa prakAra prakIrNaka sAhitya sAdhakoM ke lie to upayogI hai hI, vyAvahArika jIvana meM bhI isakA kAphI mahatva hai| AgamoM kA vyAkhyA sAhitya Agama guru-gambhIra jJAna ke sAgara haiN| inake rahasyoM ko spaSTa karane ke lie vyAkhyA sAhitya kI racanA huii| yaha vyAkhyA sAhitya bhI kAphI vizAla hai| ise sAdhAraNatayA pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai (1) niyuktiyA~ (nijjutti) (2) bhASya (bhAsa) (3) cUrNi (cuNNi) . (4) saMskRta TIkAe~ (5) lokabhASAoM meM likhA huA vyAkhyA saahity-ttbbaa| niyuktiyA~ ye Agama sAhitya para sarvaprathama prAkRta bhASA meM likhI gayI padyabaddha TIkAe~ haiN| inameM mUla grantha ke pratyeka pada para vyAkhyA na

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] karake mukhya rUpa se pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| niyukti kA lakSaNa- AvazyakaniyUkti (gAthA 83) meM niyukti kA lakSaNa batAte hue kahA gayA hai- sUtrArthayoM: parasparaM niryojana sambandhanaM niyuktiH (sUtra aura artha kA nizcita sambandha batAne vAlI vyAkhyA ko niyukti kahate haiN)| isa prakAra niyukti nizcita artha kA pratipAdana karane vAlI yukti hai| niyuktiyoM kI racanAzailI- niyuktiyoM kI racanA nikSepa paddhati para huI hai| nikSepa paddhati kA abhiprAya hai- kisI eka pada ke aneka saMbhAvita artha batAne ke bAda unameM se aprastuta arthoM kA niSedha karake prastuta artha ko grahaNa krnaa| udAharaNArtha-'aja' zabda ke bakarA aura tIna varSa purAnA yava athavA cAvala donoM artha hote hai| kintu yajJa ke sambandha meM bakarA artha kA niSedha karake tIna varSa purAnA cAvala grahaNa krnaa| yaha zailI jaina-nyAya kI bahuta hI priya zailI rahI hai| niyuktikAra AcArya bhadrabAhu (dvitIya) ne bhI isI zailI ko upayukta mAnA hai / Avazyakaniyukti (gAthA 88) meM unhoMne likhA hai- eka zabda ke aneka artha hote hai; kintu kaunasA artha kisa prasaMga ke lie upayukta hai, zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza ke samaya kauna-sA artha kisa zabda se sambaddha rahA haiAdi sabhI bAtoM ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue, sahI dRSTi se artha nirNaya karanA aura usa artha kA mUla sUtra se sambandha sthApita karanA niyukti kA prayojana hai| isa prakAra niyukti kI zailI nyAya tathA bhASA vaijJAnika anusandhAna kI dRSTi se bahuta hI ucita hai| niyuktiyoM ke AdhAra- samavAyAMga, nandI aura sthAnAMga sUtra meM jahA~ dvAdazAMgI kA paricaya diyA gayA hai vahA~ 'saMkhejjAo |

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76 [jaina Agama : eka paricaya nijjuttIo' (saMkhyAta niyuktiyA~) pATha milatA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki AgamakAla meM bhI niyuktiyoM kI paramparA thii| aisA anumAna hai ki jisa prakAra adhyayana karAte samaya Ajakala ke prophe sara vidyArthiyoM ko noTsa Adi likhAte haiM, usI prakAra prAcIna AcArya ziSyoM ko vAcanA dete samaya viziSTa zabdoM ke viziSTa sandarbho meM viziSTa aura upayukta artha kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hoNge| ziSyoM ko Agama meM prayukta zabdoM ko hRdayaMgama karAne ke lie yaha Avazyaka thaa| inhIM kA saMgraha niyukti khlaayaa| niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ne inhIM saMgrahoM ko mUla AdhAra banAkara niyuktiyoM kI racanA kI / yahI kAraNa hai ki niyuktiyoM meM kucha gAthAe~ bahuta prAcIna haiM aura kucha arvaaciin| niyuktiyoM kI racayitA aura racanAkAla-niyuktiyoM ke racayitA AcArya bhadrabAhu itihAsaprasiddha jyotirvid varAhamihira ke bhAI the| bhadrabAhu svayaM aSTAMganimitta aura maMtravidyA ke pAragAmI viddhAna the| varAhamihira ke AdhAra para inakA samaya vi. saMvat 562 ke lagabhaga hai aura niyuktiyoM kA racanAkAla vi.saM. 500 - 600ke madhya hai| ___ niyuktiyoM ke prakAra- viSaya kI vyAkhyA ke AdhAra para anuyoga dvAra meM niyuktiyoM ke tIna prakAra batAye gaye haiM-(1) nikSepaniyukti, (2) upodghAtaniyukti aura (3) suutrsprshikniyukti| DA. ghATake ne Indian Historical Quarterly, Vol, 12. p. 270 meM vartamAna meM upalabdha niyuktiyoM ke tIna bheda batAye haiM (1) mUla niyuktiyA~- jinameM kAla ke prabhAva se kucha bhI saMmizraNa na huA hai, udAharaNArtha-AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga kI niyuktiyaaN|

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] obh (2) jinameM mUla aura bhASyoM kA saMmizraNa to ho gayA hai, kintu jinheM alaga-alaga kiyA jA sakatA hai; jaise dazavaikAlika aura Avazyaka sUtroM kI niyuktiyaaN| (3) jinameM mUla aura bhASya kA aisA saMmizraNa ho gayA hai jise alaga-alaga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA; inheM Ajakala bhASya yA bRhadbhASya kahA jAtA hai; udAharaNArtha-nizItha Adi kI niyuktiyA~ / niyuktiyoM ke nAma- dasa AgamoM para niyuktiyA~ prApta hotI haiM- (1) Avazyaka (2) dazavaikAlika (3) uttarAdhyayana (4) AcArAMga (5) sUtrakRtAMga (6) dazAzrutaskandha (7) bRhatkalpa (8) vyavahAra (9) sUryaprajJapti (10) Rssibhaassit| ye dasa niyuktiyA~ AcArya bhadrabAhu ne likhI haiN| inameM se sUryaprajJapti aura RSibhASita para likhI do niyuktiyA~ vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM haiN| sUryaprajJaptiniyukti kA ullekha malayagirivRtti meM huA hai| vahA~ batAyA gayA hai ki isameM khagola jyotiSa sambandhI tathyoM kA sundara nirUpaNa hai| RSibhASita pratyekabuddhoM dvArA upadiSTa Agama hai| isa para AcArya bhadrabAhu ne jo niyukti likhI vaha aba upalabdha nahIM hai| isake atirikta aughaniyukti, piMDaniyukti, kalpaniyukti aura nizItha-niyukti bhI milatI haiM kintu ye kramazaH Avazyakaniyukti, dazavaikAlika niyukti, bRhatkalpaniyukti aura AcArAMganiyukti kI pUraka haiN| niyuktiyoM kA saMkSipta paricaya nimna hai(1) Avazyakaniyukti- AcArya bhadrabAhuracita dasa chaThaveM

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78 [jaina Agama : eka paricaya niyuktiyoM meM isakA sthAna prathama hai| yaha Avazyaka sUtra para likhI gayI hai aura kAphI vistRta hai| isameM aneka mahatvapUrNa viSayoM para vistAra se cintana prastuta huA hai| __viSayavastu- isameM bhUmikA ke rUpa meM sarvaprathama upodghAta hai| isa upodghAta meM 880 gAthAe~ haiM / prathama pA~ca jJAnoM kA varNana hai| Abhinibodhaka (mati) jJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhi, mana:paryayajJAnoM ke bheda-prabheda Adi kI vistRta carcA hai aura anta meM kevalajJAna ke svarUpa kA varNana hai| upodghAta ke bAda chaha adhyayanoM meM Avazyaka ke 6 bhedoMsAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vaMdana, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga aura pratyAkhyAna-kA vistRta vizleSaNa hai| sAmAyika adhyayana meM mithyAtva ke nirgamana para vicAra karate hue bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke jIvana-caritra kA vistAra se varNana hai| marIci kA varNana karake bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrvabhavoM kI bhI carcA hai| saptanayoM kA varNana hai| ninhavoM kA nAmollekha hai| AryarakSita dvArA anuyogoM ke pRthak karane kI ghaTanA para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| ___sAmAyika sUtra meM namaskAra mantra para utpatti, nikSepa, pada, padArtha, prarUpaNA, vastu, AkSepa, prasiddhi, krama, prayojana aura phalaina 11 dRSTiyoM se cintana kiyA gayA hai| dUsare adhyayana caturviMzatistava meM nAma, sthApanA, dravya, bhAva, kAla aura kSetra-ina chaha nikSepoM kI dRSTi se cintana huA hai| tIsare vandanA adhyayana meM vandanA ke sandarbha meM-(1) kise, (2) kisake dvArA, (3) kaba (4) kitanI bAra (5) kitanI bAra

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya ] 79 sira jhukAnA (6) kitane AvazyakoM se zuddha (7) kitane doSoM se mukta (8) kisalie Adi bAtoM para vistRta vicAraNA hai / cauthe pratikramaNa adhyayana meM pratikramaNa ke kAla ke anusAra aneka bheda batAye hai; yathA-rAtrika, devasika, itvarika, yAvatkathita, pAkSika, cAturmAsika, sAvaMtsarika, uttamArthaka Adi / isake uparAnta ( 1 ) mithyAtva pratikramaNa, (2) asaMyama pratikramaNa, (3) kaSAya pratikramaNa, (4) aprazastayoga pratikramaNa, aura (5) saMsAra pratikramaNa - ina pA~coM pratikramaNoM para cintana huA hai / bhAva aura dravyapratikramaNa para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| pA~caveM kAyotsarga adhyayana meM (1) ceSTAkAyotsarga aura (2) abhibhavakAyotsarga- yoM kAyotsarga ke do prakAra batAye haiM / ceSTAkAyotsarga bhikSAcaryA Adi ke samaya hotA hai aura abhibhavakAyotsarga upasarga Adi ke samaya / yahA~ bAraha bhAvanAoM kA cintana aura dhyAna para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai / niyata kAyotsarga meM ucchvAsoM aura logassa kI saMkhyA bhI batAyI gayI hai / chaThaveM pratyAkhyAna adhyayana meM (1) pratyAkhyAna, (2) pratyAkhyAtA, (3) pratyAkhyeya, (4) parSad, (5) kathanavidhi aura (6) phala- ina chaha dRSTiyoM se vivecana kiyA gayA hai / pratyAkhyAna ke nAma, sthApanA, dravya, aditsA, pratiSedha aura bhAva- ye chaha prakAra batAye haiM / dravya aura bhAva- pratyAkhyAna para bhI cintana kiyA gayA hai| mahatva - yaha niryukti atyadhika mahatvapUrNa hai / isameM aise aneka mahatvapUrNa tathya ujAgara hue haiM jinakA varNana isase pahale

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80 [ jaina Agama : eka paricaya kI racanAoM meM nahIM miltaa| sAtha hI AcArya ne isa niyukti meM jina tathyoM kA samAveza kiyA hai, unakI punarAvRtti anya niyuktiyoM meM nahIM kI hai, vahA~ isa niyukti ko dekhane kA saMketa kara diyA hai / ataH anya niyuktiyoM ko samajhane se pahale isa niyukti kA adhyayana Avazyaka hai / aitihAsika tathA sAMskRtika adhyayana kI dRSTi se bhI isa niyukti kA adhika mahatva hai / (2) dazavaikAlika niryukti- isa niryukti kA AdhAra dazavaikAlika sUtra hai / isameM mUlasUtra ke anusAra dasa adhyayana aura do cUlikAe~ haiM / isakA parimANa 371 zloka pramANa haiM / prathama adhyayana drumapuSpikA meM dharma kI prazaMsA karate hue loka aura lokottara dharmoM kA varNana huA hai / dvitIya adhyayana meM dhRti kI sthApanA huI hai / ' zrAmaNya' zabda kI cAra nikSapoM se aura 'pUrvaka' zabda kI teraha prakAra se vicAraNA hai / bhAva zramaNa kA saMkSepa meM hRdayagrAhI varNana hai / tIsare adhyayana meM kSullikA arthAt laghu AcArakathA kA adhikAra hai / kSullaka, AcAra aura kathA - ina tInoM para nikSepa dRSTi se cintana hai / cauthe adhyayana meM SaDjIvanikAya kA nirUpaNa hai| jIva ko pahacAnane ke upAdAna batAye haiM / dravya aura bhAvazAstra kA bhI nirUpaNa hai / pA~cavA~ piNDaiSaNA adhyayana bhikSAvizuddhi se sambandhita hai / isameM piNDa aura eSaNA donoM zabdoM para nikSepa kI dRSTi se cintana huA hai|

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] chaThaveM adhyayana meM bRhad AcAra kathA kA pratipAdana hai| mahat zabda para nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla, pradhAna, pratItya aura bhAva-ina 8 dRSTiyoM se cintana kiyA gayA hai| ___ sAtavA~ adhyayana vAkyazuddhi hai / isameM satyabhASA, mRSAbhASA ke dasa-dasa bhedoM kA varNana huA hai / 'zuddhi' zabda para bhI nikSepa kI dRSTi se cintana hai| AThaveM adhyayana AcAra-praNidhi meM 'praNidhi' zabda para nikSepapUrvaka cintana hai| ___naveM adhyayana kA nAma vinayasamAdhi hai| isameM bhAvavinaya ke lokopacAra, arthanimitta, kAmahetu, bhayanimitta aura mokSanimitta, ye pA~ca bheda batAkara mokSanimittaka vinaya ke darzana, jJAna, cAritra tapa aura upacAra ye pA~ca bheda punaH kiye gaye haiN| dazaveM adhyayana kA nAma sabhikSu hai| isameM 'sa' aura 'bhikSu' donoM zabdoM para nikSepa kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| __ 'cUlikA' meM 'cUlikA' zabda kA cAroM nikSepoM kI dRSTi se varNana karake 'bhAvacUr3A' ko hI abhipreta mAnA gayA hai| vizeSatAe~- isa niyukti meM dhArmika kathAoM aura sUktiyoM ke dvArA sUtra ke artha ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| kahIM-kahIM zailI tArkika bhI hai, yatra-tatra praznottara zailI bhI parilakSita hotI hai| kahIM-kahIM saMvAda bar3e rocaka aura jJAnavarddhaka haiN| (3) uttarAdhyayananiyukti- isa niyukti meM 607 gAthAe~ haiM / yaha bhI dazavaikAlikaniyukti kI zailI para likhI gayI hai|

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82 [jaina Agama : eka paricaya viSayavastu- isameM sarvaprathama adhyayana zabda kI nikSepa dRSTi se vicAraNA huI hai aura usake bAda zruta, skandha, saMyoga, AkIrNa, parISaha, ekaka, catuSka, urabhra, kapila, pravacana, mokSa, caraNa, vidhi, maraNa Adi padoM para bhI nikSepa dRSTi se cintana hai| vizeSatAe~- isameM yatra-tatra aneka zikSAprada kathAe~ hai / isakI aneka gAthAe~ sUktiyoM ke rUpa meM haiM / sUkti aura dRSTAnta kathAoM ke saMyoga se zailI rocaka ho gaI hai| (4) AcArAMganiyukti- isameM 347 gAthAe~ haiM / viSayavastu- sarvaprathama siddhoM ko namaskAra karake AcAra, aMga, zruta, skandha, brahma, caraNa, zastra, parijJA, saMjJA aura dizA-ina para nikSepa dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| AcAra ke aneka paryAyavAcI zabda dene ke bAda yaha batAyA gayA hai ki AcAra hI dharma kA sAra kyoM hai aura isakA phala kyA hai? isake bAda AcArAMga prathama zrutaskandha ke nau adhyayanoM ke nAma-nirdeza haiN| prathama adhyayana zastra-parijJA meM 'zastra' aura 'parijJA' donoM zabdoM kI dravya aura bhAva se vicAraNA kI gaI hai| saMjJA aura dizAoM ke bhI dravya aura bhAva ye do bheda kiye gaye haiN| bhAva dizA ke 18 bheda batAye haiN| dUsare uddezaka meM chaha kAya ke jIvoM kA varNana karake unheM kaSTa na dene kI preraNA dI gaI hai| dUsare adhyayana meM batAyA gayA hai ki bhAvaloka kaSAya hai aura kaSAya-vijaya hI loka vijaya hai| tIsare zItoSNIya adhyayana meM zIta aura uSNa zabda para nikSepa dRSTi se vicAra karake yaha batAyA hai ki strI aura satkAra

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya ] parISaha zIta haiM aura zeSa 20 parISaha uSNa haiM I cauthe adhyayana kA nAma samyaktva hai| isake cAra uddezakoM meM kramazaH samyakdarzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa kA vizleSaNa hai / 83 pA~caveM adhyayana 'lokasAra' meM 'loka' aura 'sAra' zabdoM kA nikSepa dRSTi se cintana hai / chaThe 'dhUta' adhyayana meM batAyA gayA hai ki vastra Adi kA prakSAlana dravyadhUta hai aura karmoM kA kSaya bhAvadhUta hai / sAtaveM adhyayana meM mahAparijJA kA aura AThaveM meM vimokSa kA nirUpaNa hai / vimokSa kA nAma Adi chaha nikSepoM kI dRSTi se varNana hai / naveM adhyayana kA nAma upadhAnazruta hai / isameM batAyA gayA hai ki anya tIrthaMkaroM kA tapa nirUpasarga thA aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kA sopasarga / 'upadhAna' aura 'zruta' zabdoM para bhI nikSepadRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai / tapa aura cAritra ko bhAvaupadhAna batAyA gayA hai / dUsare zrutaskandha meM prathama zrutaskandha meM varNana kiye gaye viSayoM ke avaziSTa bhAga kA vivecana hai / isa dUsare zrutaskandha ko agrazrutaskandha bhI kahA gayA hai| nikSepa kI dRSTi se vicAra karate hue agra ke ATha prakAra batAye gaye haiM- (1) dravyAgra, (2) avagAhanAgra, (3) AdezAgra, (4) kAlAgra, (5) kramAgra (6) gaNanAgra, (7) saMcayAgra, (8) bhAvAgra / bhAvAgra ke bhI pradhAnAgra, prabhUtAgra aura upakArAgra- ye tIna bheda batAkara kahA gayA hai ki yahA~ para upakArAgra kA varNana hai / isa dvitIya zrutaskandha kI 5cUlAoM meM se 4 para to niryukti

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[jaina Agama : eka paricaya likhI hai aura pA~cavIM cUlA ke bAre meM yaha sUcanA hai ki 'isa nizItha nAma kI cUlikA kI vyAkhyA maiM bAda meM kruuNgaa|' (5) sUtrakRtAMganiyukti- yaha niyukti sUtrakRtAMgasUtra para likhI gaI hai| viSayavastu- sarvaprathama isameM 'sUtrakRtAMga' zabda kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| phira 15 prakAra ke parama-adhArmika devoM ke nAma ginAkara yaha batAyA hai ki ye nArakI jIvoM ko vividha prakAra kI yAtanAe~ dete haiN| kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, ajJAnavAdI aura vinayavAdiyoM ke 363 mata-matAntaroM kA nirdeza hai| isake bAda gAthA, SoDaza, zruta, skandha, puruSa, vibhakti Adi zabdoM para nikSepadRSTi se cintana hai aura phira AIkakumAra kI kathA dekara anta meM nAlandA zabda para bhI vicAraNA kI gaI hai| (6) dazAzrutaskandhaniyukti- yaha dazAzrutaskandha para likhI gaI hai| viSayavastu- isameM sarvaprathama zrutakevalI bhadrabAhusvAmI ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| phira daza adhyayanoM ke adhikAroM kA varNana haiN| prathama adhyayana asamAdhisthAna meM dravya aura bhAvasamAdhi ke bAre meM cintana karane ke bAda sthAna ke nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, addhA, Urdhva; caryA, vasati, saMyama, pragraha, yodha, acala, gaNana, saMsthAna (saMdhANa) aura bhAva-ina pandraha nikSepoM kI dRSTi se cintana kiyA gayA hai| dUsare adhyayana meM zabala kA nAma Adi 4 nikSepoM se varNana hai| tIsare adhyayana meM AzAtanA kA aura cauthe adhyayana

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] meM gaNi-sampadA kA vizleSaNa hai| yahA~ gaNi aura guNI ko ekArthaka mAnA gayA hai| sampadA kA dravya aura bhAva se vivecana hai| paMcama adhyayana cittasamAdhi meM samAdhi para cintana karate hue cAra prakAra kI samAdhi batAI hai| chaThe adhyayana meM upAsaka aura pratimA para cintana hai / yahA~ upAsaka ke dravyopAsaka, tadarthopAsaka, mohopAsaka aura bhAvopAsaka-ye cAra bheda batAye haiN| yahA~ zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM kA varNana hai| sAtaveM adhyayana meM zramaNa pratimAoM kA varNana hai| vahA~ bhAva zramaNa pratimA ke samAdhipratimA, upadhAnapratimA, vivekapratimA Adi pA~ca bheda batAye haiM / AThaveM adhyayana meM pardUSaNA kalpa para cintana hai| naveM adhyayana meM mohanIyasthAnoM para vivecana huA hai aura dazaveM adhyayana meM janma-maraNa ke mUla kAraNoM kI vivecanA karake unase mukta hone ke upAya batAye gaye hai| (7) bRhatkalpaniyukti- yaha bRhatkalpasUtra para likhI gaI hai| viSayavastu- isameM tIrthaMkaroM ko namaskAra karake jJAna ke vibhinna prakAroM para vicAraNA prastuta kI gaI hai| anuyoga para nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla, vacana aura bhAva-ina sAta nikSepoM kI dRSTi se cintana kiyA gayA hai| Arya pada para vicAra karate hue nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, jAti, kula, karma, bhASA, zilpa, jJAna, darzana aura cAritra-ina bAraha nikSepoM se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke AcAra-vicAra, AhAra-vihAra kA saMkSepa meM bahuta hI sundara varNana isa niyukti meM hai| yaha niyukti svatantra na rahakara bRhatkalpa bhASya meM sammilita ho gaI hai|

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[jaina Agama : eka paricaya (8) vyavahAraniyukti- isa niyukti kI viSayavastu bhI bRhatkalpaniyukti ke samAna hai| yaha niyukti bhI bhASya meM vilIna ho cukI hai| (9) saMsaktaniyukti- yaha niyukti kisa Agama para likhI gaI hai, isakA patA nahIM lgtaa| isake lekhaka ke bAre meM bhI viddhAnoM kA ekamata nahIM hai| kitane hI ise bhadrabAhu kI racanA mAnate hai to kitane hI anya kisI AcArya kii| (10) nizIthaniyukti- isameM mukhya rUpa se zramaNAcAra kA varNana hai| yaha niyukti bhASya meM mila gaI hai| (11) govindaniyukti-yaha govinda AcArya kI svatantra racanA hai| isakA nirmANa ekendriya jIvoM kI saMsiddhi ke lie huA thaa| yaha vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai kintu isakA ullekha bRhatkalpabhASya, AvazyakacUrNi va nizIthacUrNi meM milatA hai| (12) odhaniyukti- isameM sAdhu kI sAmAnya samAcArI kA varNana hai / isake racayitA bhadrabAhu mAne gaye haiN| vidvAnoM ne ise AvazyakasUtra kA hI eka aMga mAnA hai| isameM 811 gAthAe~ haiM aura udAharaNoM ke mAdhyama se viSaya ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| viSayavastu- isameM pratilekhanAdvAra, piNDadvAra, upadhi, nirUpaNa, anAyatanavarjana, pratisevanAdvAra, AlocanAdvAra aura vizuddhidvAra kA nirUpaNa huA hai| vizeSatAe~- AcArya malayagiri ne isa para vRtti likhI hai tathA isa para bRhadbhASya evaM avacUri bhI prApta hotI hai| zramaNa AcAra-vicAra kA varNana hone se kisI ne ise mUlasUtra mAnA hai

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya ] aura kisI ne chedasUtra / (13) piNDaniryukti- dazavaikAlikasUtra ke pA~caveM adhyayana piNDaiSaNA para AcArya bhadrabAhu ne jo niryukti likhI yaha adhika lambI ho jAne se AcAryoM ne use alaga se mAnyatA de dI, vahI piNDaniryukti kahalAyI / isameM 671 gAthAe~ haiM / 87 viSayavastu - zramaNa ke grahaNa karane yogya AhAra ko 'piNDa' kahA jAtA hai| isa niyukti meM usakA varNana hai / isake ATha adhikAra haiM - ( 1 ) udgama, (2) utpAdana, (3) eSaNA, (4) saMyojanA, (5) pramANa, (6) aMgAra, (7) dhUma, aura (8) kAraNa / ina adhikAroM meM inhIM nAmoM se piNDa ( zramaNa - AhAra) ke doSa batAye gaye haiM / isa grantha meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki uparyukta sabhI doSoM ko TAlakara zramaNa ko AhAra lenA cAhie / niryukti sAhitya kA mahatva- niryukti sAhitya bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa hai / AcArya bhadrabAhu ne niryuktiyoM kI racanA karake jina - pravacana kI jo savA kI, vaha avismaraNIya rhegii| isameM unhoMne jaina-paramparA ke mahatvapUrNa viziSTa padoM kI nikSepa zailI meM jo vyAkhyA kI, vaha apUrva hai / isa vyAkhyA se ina padoM kA artha nizcita ho gayA aura isI vyAkhyA ke AdhAra para Age bhASya, curNi tathA vRttiyoM kI racanA huI / bhASya - sAhitya bhASya - sAhitya kI AvazyakatA kyoM huI ? - niryuktiyoM meM mukhyata: pAribhASika aura viziSTa zabdoM kI vyAkhyA - vivecanA

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[jaina Agama : eka paricaya karake zabdoM ke prasaMgAnukula artha nizcita kiye gaye the; isalie inakI vyAkhyA zailI atyanta gUr3ha aura saMkSipta thii| inameM viSaya ko vistArapUrvaka nahIM samajhAyA gayA thaa| ina niyuktiyoM ke gurugambhIra rahasyoM ko prakaTa karane ke lie prAkRta bhASA meM jina padyAtmaka granthoM kI racanA huI ve bhASya khlaae| __ bhASyoM kI racanAzailI- bhASyoM meM adhikatara AryA chanda kA prayoga huA hai| inakI bhASA prAkRta hai aura racanA padya meM huI hai| inameM aneka prAcIna anuzrutiyA~, laukika kathAe~ aura paramparAgata zramaNAcAra kA varNana hai| inakI bhASA meM mAgadhI aura zaurasenI prAkRta pramukha haiN| bhASyoM ke racayitA- bhASyoM ke racayitA mukhya rUpa se dohaiM-eka jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa aura dUsare sNghdaasgnnii| jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa- vizeSAvazyaka bhASya aura jItakalpabhASya-ye do bhASya inakI racanA pramANita ho cuke haiN| ye Agama ke udbhaTa vidvAna the| inakA kAla vi.saM. 650-660ke AsapAsa hai| jItakalpacUrNi (gAthA 5-10 ) meM siddhasena gaNI ne inake guNoM kI prazaMsA karate hue batAyA hai ki ye anuyogadhara, yugapradhAna, sarvazruti aura zAstra meM kuzala, darzana-jJAnopayoga ke mArgadarzaka haiM / ........ ukta prazasti se spaSTa hai ki ve Agama sAhitya ke marmajJa the| unakI nimna racanAe~ prApta hotI haiM-(1) vizeSAvazyakabhASya (prAkRta padya) (2) vizeSAvazyakabhASya svopajJavRtti (apUrNa; saMskRta gadya meM) (3) bRhatsaMgrahaNI (prAkRta padya) (4) bRhatkSetrasamAsa (prAkRta

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] padya) (5) vizeSaNavatI (prAkRta padya) (6) jItakalpa (prAkRta padya) (7) jItakalpabhASya (prAkRta padya) (8) anuyogadvAracUrNi (prAkRta gadya) (9) dhyAnazataka (prAkRta pdy)| saMghadAsagaNI- ye Agama sAhitya ke marmajJa vidvAna the aura chedasUtroM kI artha-paramparA ke talasparzI marmajJa the| unhoMne jisa viSaya ko chuA usakI atala gaharAI meM utara ge| pramukha bhASya- jisa prakAra pratyeka Agama para niyukti nahIM likhI gayI usI prakAra bhASya bhI nahIM likhe gye| kucha bhASya mUla AgamoM para haiM to kucha niyuktiyoM para / nimna AgamoM para bhASya milate haiN| (1) Avazyaka, (2) dazavaikAlika, (3) uttarAdhyayana, (4) bRhatkalpa, (5) paMcakalpa, (6) vyavahAra, (7) nizItha, (8) jItakalpa, (9) oghaniyukti, (10) pinnddniyukti| ina bhASyoM kA saMkSipta paricaya nimna hai: (1) vizeSAvazyakabhASya- yaha jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa kI mahatvapUrNa racanA hai| AvazyakasUtra para tIna bhASya likhe gaye haiM- (1) mUlabhASya, (2) bhASya, (3) vishessaavshykbhaassy| pahale do bhASya saMkSipta hai jo unakI bahuta sI gAthAe~ vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM mila gayI haiM ata: yaha tInoM bhASyoM kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| yaha kevala prathama sAmAyika adhyayana para hI likhA gayA hai| isameM 360 gAthAe~ haiN| viSayavastu- isameM jaina AgamoM meM varNita sabhI mahatvapUrNa viSayoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jJAnavAda, pramANavAda, AcAra,

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90 [ jaina Agama : eka paricaya nIti, nayavAda, AtmavAda, syAdvAda, karmasiddhAnta Adi para vizAla sAmagrI kA saMkalana huA hai| isameM jaina siddhAntoM kI tulanA anya dArzanikoM ke siddhAntoM se bhI kI gayI hai aura tArkika dRSTi se jaina siddhAntoM kA vivecana huA hai / Agama rahasyoM ko jAnane meM yaha atyanta upayogI hai| isameM sarvaprathama pravacana ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| usake pazcAta batAyA gayA hai ki jJAna aura kriyA donoM se mukti prApta hotI hai| jJAna ko bhAva maMgala batAyA hai phira pA~coM jJAnoM kI vistRta carcA hai / anuyogoM ke pRthakIkaraNa kA bhI varNana hai / usake bAda sAtoM ninhavoM kA ullekha hai / isake bAda karemi bhaMte sAmAiyaM ke mUla padoM para cintana hai / mahatva - isa bhASya kA bhASya - sAhitya meM bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / isameM racayitA kI prabala tArkika zakti, vivecana kI viziSTatA, aura talasparzI medhA kA digdarzana hotA hai / - (2) jItakalpabhASya- yaha bhI jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa kI racanA hai| yaha eka saMgraha grantha hai kyoMki isameM bRhatkalpalaghubhASya, vyavahArabhASya, paMcakalpamahAbhASya, piNDaniryukti Adi granthoM kI aneka gAthAe~ uddhRta kI gayI haiM / mUla jItakalpa meM 103 gAthAe~ haiM aura isa svopajJa bhASya meM 2606 / viSayavastu - isa bhASya meM jIta-vyavahAra ke AdhAra para jo prAyazcitta diye jAte haiM, unakA varNana hai / prAyazcitta ko eka prakAra kI cikitsA batAyA gayA hai / prAyazcitta ke prAkRta meM do rUpa milate haiM- pAyacchitta aura pacchitta / jo pApa kA cheda

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] karatA hai vaha pAyacchitta hai aura jisase citta nirmala banatA hai vaha 'pacchitta' hai| saMgha vyavasthA kA bhI isameM varNana hai| cAra prakAra kI vinaya pratipattiyA~ bhI batAI gaI haiN| isameM bhaktaparijJA, iMginImaraNa aura pAdapopagamanamaraNa-ina tIna prakAra kI mAraNAntika sAdhanAoM kA varNana hai| AgamavyavahArI, AjJAvyavahArI, jItavyavahArI ke AcAra-vyavahAra kA varNana hai| prAyazcitta ke bheda-prabhedoM para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki jo sUtra aura artha ke marma ko jAnatA hai, vahI jItakalpa kA yogya adhikArI hai| (3) bRhatkalpalaghu-bhASya - yaha saMghadAsagaNI kI bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa kRti hai| isameM bRhatkalpasUtra ke padoM para vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isakI laghubhASya saMjJA hone para bhI isameM 6490gAthAe~ haiN| viSayavastu- yaha chaha uddezakoM meM vibhakta hai| isake prArambha meM vistRta pIThikA hai, jisameM 805 gAthAe~ haiN| isa pIThikA meM maMgalavAda, jJAnapaMcaka meM zrutajJAna para vicAra kiyA gayA hai aura samyaktva prApti kA krama tathA vibhinna prakAra ke samyaktvoM kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai| anuyoga kA svarUpa batAkara nikSepa Adi bAraha dvAroM se usa para cintana kiyA gayA hai / kalpavyavahAra para vividha dRSTiyoM se cintana karate hue viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie kahIM-kahIM dRSTAntoM kA prayoga huA hai| ___ pahale uddezaka meM 'tAla pralamba' se sambandhita doSa aura prAyazcitta, ise grahaNa sambandhI apavAda, zramaNoM ke gamana, asvasthatA Adi kA vidhAna, ATha prakAra ke vaidyoM kA bhI varNana hai| duSkAla |

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92 [ jaina Agama : eka paricaya meM zramaNa- zramaNiyoM ke niyama, rahane kI vidhi aura usake 144 bhaMga tathA unake prAyazcitta Adi kA nirdeza hai / phira nakSatramAsa, candramAsa, RtumAsa, sUryamAsa aura adhika mAsa kA varNana hai / jinakalpika aura sthavirakalpika zramaNoM kI kriyAe~, samavasaraNa, tIrthaMkara gaNadhara AhAraka zarIrI, anuttaradeva, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva Adi kI zubha-azubha karma - prakRtiyA~, tIrthakara kI bhASA kA vibhinna bhASAoM meM pariNamana Adi kA prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isameM grAma-nagaroM kA bhI ullekha hai / sthavirakalpikoM kI sAmAcArI kA bhI varNana hai / > mahatva - isa prakAra isa grantha meM zramaNa sAmAcArI ke vistRta varNana ke sAtha-sAtha pracura mAtrA meM aitihAsika aura sAMskRtika sAmagrI bharI par3I hai| DA. motIcanda ne isa sAmagrI kA apanI pustaka 'sArthavAha' meM 'yAtrI aura sArthavAha' kA sundara Akalana kiyA hai| isa yuga kI sAmAjika, dhArmika, rAjanItika paristhitiyoM kA bhI isa grantha se kAphI jJAna mila jAtA hai / isalie isa grantha kA bhAratIya sAhitya meM bhI anUThA sthAna hai / ( 4 ) paMcakalpamahAbhASya- yaha saMghadAsagaNI kI dUsarI kRti hai / yaha paMcakalpaniryUkti ke vivecana ke rUpa meM hai| isameM kula 2655 gAthAe~ haiM jinameM bhASya kI gAthAe~ 2574 haiM / viSayavastu isameM sarvaprathama jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa - ye do bheda kiye gaye haiM / phira zramaNoM kI jJAna - cAritra sampadA kA varNana hai kalpa zabda ke kaI artha batAye haiM / isa bhASya meM pA~ca prakAra ke kalpoM kA saMkSipta varNana hai / phira

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] inake chaha, sAta, dasa, bIsa aura bayAlIsa bheda batAye haiN| pahale kalpa manuja jIvakalpa ke chaha bheda haiM-pravrAjana, muMDana, zikSaNa, upasthApana, bhoga aura sNvsn| isameM dIkSA ke yogya aura ayogya vyaktiyoM kA bhI nirdeza hai| kSetrakalpa 251/2meM janapadoM aura unakI rAjadhAniyoM kA nirdeza hai| kAlakalpa meM mAsakalpa, paryuSaNakalpa, vRddhavAsakalpa Adi kA bhI varNana hai| bhAvakalpa meM darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa, samiti, gupti Adi para cintana hai| dUsare kalpa ke 7, tIsare ke 10, cauthe ke 20 aura pA~cave ke 42 bhedoM kA varNana hai| ___ina pA~coM kalpoM kA varNana prastuta bhASya meM huA hai / anta meM bhASyakAra saMghadAsagaNI kA nAmollekha bhI huA hai| (5) nizIthabhASya- isa bhASya ke racayitA bhI saMghadAsagaNI mAne jAte haiN| yaha bhASya 'nizItha' nAma ke Agama para likhA gayA hai| viSayavastu- isameM zramaNAcAra kA vividha dRSTiyoM se nirUpaNa huA hai| isakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM aneka sarasa kathAe~ haiN| (6) vyavahArabhASya- isameM bhI zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke AcAra kA varNana hai| (7) odhaniyuktilaghubhASya- isa bhASya meM gAthAe~ 322 haiN| isameM ogha, piNDa, zramaNadharma Adi bAtoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| (8) oghaniyuktibhASya- isameM 2517 gAthAe~ haiN| isakA viSaya bhI oghaniyukti jaisA hI hai kyoMki yaha bhASya usI ke

Page #95
94 AdhAra para likhA gayA hai / ( 9 ) piNDaniryuktibhASya- isameM 46 gAthAe~ haiM / isameM adRzya hone kA cUrNa aura do kSullaka bhikSuoM kI kathAe~ hai / zramaNa ke AhAra grahaNa kA varNana to hai hI / [ jaina Agama : eka paricaya ( 10 ) uttarAdhyayanabhASya- isakI kula 45 gAthAe~ haiM / isameM boTika kI utpatti, pulAka, vakuza, kuzIla Adi kA varNana hai / dazavaikAlika bhASya- isameM kula 63 gAthAe~ haiM / isameM hetu vizuddhi, pratyakSa - parokSa, mUlaguNa va uttaraguNoM kA pratipAdana hai / cUrNi - sAhitya cUrNiyoM kI racanA gadya meM hai / inakI bhASA zuddha prAkRta aura saMskRta mizrita prAkRta hai / ina vyAkhyA granthoM - cUrNiyoM kI racanA bhASyoM ke bAda huI / nimna 18 AgamoM para cUrNiyA~ likhI gaI haiM (1) AcArAMga, (2) sUtrakRtAMga, (3) vyAkhyAprajJapti, (4) jIvAbhigama, (5) nizItha, (6) mahAnizItha, (7) vyavahAra, (8) dazA zrutaskandha, (9) bRhatkalpa, (10) paMcakalpa, (11) oghaniryukti, (12) jItakalpa, (13) uttarAdhyayana, (14) Avazyaka, (15) dazavaikAlika, (16) nandI, (17) anuyogadvAra, (18) jambUdvIpaprajJapti / pramukha cUrNikAra - cUrNi sAhitya ke nirmAtAoM meM jinadAsagaNI mahattara kA nAma sarvaprathama hai / inakA kAla vi.saM. 650-750 ke bIca honA caahie| ye AcArya haribhadra se pahale hue haiM / unhoMne apanI vRttiyoM meM inakI cUrNiyoM kA upayoga kiyA hai| paramparA

Page #96
95 jaina Agama : eka paricaya] ke anusAra inakI likhI nimna cUrNiyA~ mAnI jAtI haiM -(1) nizIthavizeSacUrNi, (2) nandIcUrNi, (3) anuyogadvAracUrNi, (4) Avazyaka cUrNi, (5) dazavaikAlika cUrNi, (6) uttarAdhyayanacUrNi, (7) suutrkRtaaNgcuurnni| nandIcUrNi- kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana ke bAre meM tIna mata-(1) yogapatya, (2) kRmikatva, aura (3) abheda dekara lekhaka ne kramabhAvitva kA samarthana kiyA hai| anuyogadvAracUrNi meM Avazyaka para vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| AvazyakacUrNi meM saMskRta ke aneka zloka uddhRta kiye gaye haiM / isakI zailI meM oja aura pravAha vizeSa mAtrA meM hai| dazavaikAlikacUrNi meM AcArya zayyambhava kA jIvana-vRtta bhI diyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayanacUrNi meM krodha nivAraNa ke upAya, sapta vyasana Adi para udAharaNasahita prakAza DAlA gayA hai| AcArAMgacUrNi meM zramaNAcAra kI pratiSThA ko sthApita karane ke lie pratyeka viSaya ke vivecana meM usI para dhyAna rakhA gayA hai| sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi meM viSaya vivecana saMkSipta hone para bhI bahuta spaSTa hai| nizIthavizeSacUrNi kA cUrNi-sAhitya meM vizeSa sthAna hai| isameM tatkAlIna sAmAjika, dArzanika sAmagrI kA acchA saMkalana hai| aitihAsika evaM paurANika kathAe~ bhI hai tathA dhUrtAkhyAna, taraMgavatI, malayavatI, magadhasenA Adi kI preraka kathAe~ bhI hai| -- dUsare cUrNikAra siddhakena sUri haiN| ye siddhasena divAkara se bhinna haiM / inhoMne jItakalpabRhaccUrNi likhI hai| bRhatkalpacUrNi ke racayitA pralamba sUri haiN| inakA samaya

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[jaina Agama : eka paricaya vi.saM.1334 se pahale kA hai| inhoMne eka zabda ke anya bhASAoM ke paryAya diye hai; jaise vRkSa zabda ko prAkRta meM rUkkha, magadha meM odaNa, lATa meM kUra, damila-tamila meM cora aura Andhra meM iDAku kahA jAtA hai| dazavaikAlika para agastyasiMha sthavira ne bhI cUrNi likhI hai| muni zrI puNyavijayajI ne inakA kAla vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI mAnA hai| inhoMne mUla kA eka bhI mahatvapUrNa zabda nahIM chor3A hai, sabhI para vyAkhyA kI hai| vyAkhyA ke lie inhoMne 'vibhASA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| jJAnAcAra kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue inhoMne kahA hai ki 'prAkRta meM nibaddha sUtra kA saMskRta rUpAntara nahIM karanA cAhie kyoMki vyaMjana meM visaMvAda hone para artha meM bhI visaMvAda hotA hai|' cUrNi-sAhitya kI vizeSatA- Agama-sAhitya meM zraddhA kA pramukha sthAna hai kintu cUrNi-sAhitya meM tarka kI pradhAnatA dRSTigata hotI hai| dArzanika viSayoM kI carcA bhI milatI hai| isameM laghu kathAoM ke mAdhyama se mUla viSaya ko spaSTa karane kI zailI bhI apanAI gaI / aitihAsika, sAmAjika, sAMskRtika aura rAjanItika sAmagrI ko bhI kAphI sthAna milaa| cUrNi-sAhityakAroM kI rUci saMskRta bhASA ke prayoga kI ora jhukI huI dikhatI hai| aba taka Agama-sAhitya kI bhASA prAkRta hI thI kintu aba saMskRta kA bhI praveza hone laga gyaa| TIkA-sAhitya TIkA-sAhitya kA mahatva- TIkAoM kA yuga jaina-sAhitya

Page #98
jaina Agama : eka paricaya ] 97 meM svarNayuga ke nAma se prasiddha hai / isa yuga meM AgamoM para hI nahIM, niryukti aura cUrNiyoM para bhI TIkAe~ likhI gii| ina TIkAoM kI bhASA saMskRta hai / inameM jaina Agamika tattvoM ke vivecana ke sAthasAtha jainetara paramparAoM kA bhI Akalana hai / usa yuga kI sAmAjika, rAjanItika, sAMskRtika sthiti kA bhI isase jJAna prApta hotA hai TIkAoM kA sampUrNa bhAratIya saMskRta sAhitya meM gauravapUrNa sthAna hai / 1 TIkAoM ke lie AcAryoM ne vRtti, vivRtti, vivaraNa, vivecana, vyAkhyA, vArtika, dIpikA, avacUri, avacUrNi, paMjikA, TippaNa, Tippanaka, paryAya, stabaka, pIThikA, akSarArtha Adi aneka nAmoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / yaha yuga saMskRta bhASA kA utkarSakAla thA / anya dArzanika jaina dharma ke unmUlana kA prayAsa kara rahe the / khaNDana - maNDana aura zAstrArtha ke lie AhvAna kiye jAte the / vAdamalla sampUrNa deza meM ghUma-ghUmakara amArI paTaha bajAte the / inakI bhASA saMskRta thI / ataH inakA sAmanA karane ke lie jaina AcAryo ko bhI AnA pdd'aa| unhoMne bhI inhIM kI bhASA-saMskRta bhASA meM akATya uttara diye aura saMgha tathA jinadharma kI vijayapatAkA phaharAI / we TIkAe~ aura TIkAkAra- TIkA sAhitya ke racayitA vyAkaraNa, sAhitya tathA bhASA vijJAna ke prakANDa paNDita the / ve yantra-mantratantra rahasyoM ke jJAtA tathA itihAsa, bhUgola, rasAyanazAstra, zarIravijJAna, auSadha - vijJAna Adi vidyAoM ke pAragAmI vidvAna the / unheM sAmAjika paramparAoM kA bhI acchA jJAna thA / pramukha TIkAe~ aura TIkAkAra nimna hai:

Page #99
[jaina Agama : eka paricaya (1) jinabhadragaNI zramAzramaNa- inhoMne saMskRta bhASA meM sarvaprathama apane vizeSAvazyakabhASya para svopajJavRtti likhii| . (2) AcArya haribhadra- ye saMskRta ke prakANDa paNDita the| inakA samaya vi.saM. 757 se 827 haiN| inakA kula vidyAdhara tathA gaccha evaM sampradAya zvetAmbara thaa| yAkinI mahattarA inakI dharmamAtA thii| inake gacchapati guru jinabhaTTa aura dIkSA guru jinadatta the| - inake likhe 1444 grantha mAne jAte haiM kintu vartamAna meM 75 hI milate haiN| kucha pramukha grantha haiM -(1) nandIvRtti, (2) anu yo gadvAra vRtti, (3) dazavaikAlika vRtti, (4) prajJApanApradezavyAkhyA, (5)AvazyakavRtti aadi| (3) koTyAcArya- inhoMne jinabhadragaNI zramAzramaNa ke apUrNa vizeSAvazyaka svopajJabhASya ko pUrA kiyaa| isa grantha kA parimANa 13700 zloka pramANa hai| inakA samaya vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI hai| (4) AcArya gaMdhahastI- ye Agama ke marmajJa viddhAna aura Agama virUddha yuktiyoM ke nirasana meM ati kuzala the| inakA samaya vikrama kI sAtavIM aura navIM zatAbdI ke madhya thaa| inhoMne AcArAMgasUtra ke 'zastraparijJA' adhyayana para 'vivaraNa' likhA thA, kintu vartamAna meM yaha anupalabdha hai| (5) AcArya zIlAMka- inakA samaya vikrama kI navIMdasavIM zatAbdI hai| prabhAvakacaritra ke anusAra inhoMne nau aMgoM para TIkAe~ likhI; kintu vartamAna meM inakI do hI racanAe~ milatI haiM-(1) AcArAMgavRtti aura (2) suutrkRtaaNgvRtti| (6)vAdivetAla zAMtisUri- inakA janma rAghanapura ke nikaTa

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya ] 99 unnAyu grAma meM huA thA / inhoMne rAjA bhoja kI sabhA meM 84 vAdiyoM ko parAjita karake vAdivetAla kI upAdhi prApti kI / inakA svargavAsa vi.saMvat 1096 meM giranAra parvata para huA / inhoMne mahAkavi dhanapAla kI tilakamaMjarI para eka 'TippaNa' likhA tathA jIvavicAra prakaraNa, caityavaMdana mahAbhASya aura uttarAdhyayanavRtti inakI mahatvapUrNa racanAe~ haiM / (7) droNAcArya - ye pATaNa jaina saMgha ke pramukha the| inhoMne navAMgI TIkAkAra abhayadeva sUri kI TIkAoM kA saMzodhana bhI kiyA thaa| inakA samaya vikrama kI 11-12 vIM zatAbdI hai / inhoMne oghaniyukti va laghubhASya para vRtti likhI hai / (8) AcArya abhayadeva - ye jinazAsana meM navAMgI TIkAkAra ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiM / inakA vRtti-kAla vi.saM. 1920 se 1128 hai| inhoMne nau aMgoM para vRttiyA~ likhI hai| inakA svargavAsa vi.saM. 1135 athavA 1939 meM huA / isakI racanAoM se inake gahana pAMDitya aura anupama medhA kA pramANa milatA hai / (9) AcArya malayagiri - ye utkRSTa pratibhA ke dhanI the / inhoMne Agama granthoM para mahatvapUrNa TIkAe~ likhI haiN| ye jainAgama sAhitya, karma siddhAnta, gaNitazAstra, darzana Adi ke prakAMDa vidvAna the / viSaya kI gahanatA, bhASA kI prAMjalatA, zailI meM lAlitya evaM vizleSaNa kI spaSTatA - inakI racanAoM kI vizeSatA hai| inhoMne vipula parimANa meM sAhitya kI racanA kI / inake likhe nimna 20 grantha upalabdha hai / (1) bhagavatIsUtra dvitIya zatakavRtti (2) rAjapraznIyopAMgaTIkA,

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100 [jaina Agama : eka paricaya (3) jIvAbhigamopAMgaTIkA (4) prajJApanopAMgaTIkA (5) candraprajJaptyupAMgaTIkA (6) sUryaprajJaptyupAMgaTIkA (7) nandIsUtraTIkA (8) vyavahArasUtra vRtti (9) bRhatkalpapIThikAvRtti (apUrNa) (10) AvazyakavRtti (apUrNa) (11) piNDaniyukti TIkA (12) jyotiSkara NDa ka TIkA (13) dharmasaMgrahaNIvRtti (14) karmaprakRtivRtti (15)paMcasaMgrahavRtti (16) SaDazItivRtti (17) saptatikAvRtti (18) bRhatsaMgraNIvRtti (19) bRhatkSetrasamAsavRtti, aura (20) mlygirishbdaanushaasn| AgamaprabhAvaka muni puNyavijayajI ne vyAkhyAkAroM meM inakA sthAna sarvotkRSTa mAnA hai| (10) maladhArI hemacandra- ye vilakSaNa pratibhA ke dhanI the| inakI smaraNa-zakti bahuta prabala thii| bhagavatI jaisA vizAla Agama inheM kaNThastha thaa| ye pravacana-kalA meM bhI bahuta dakSa the| inhoMne sarvaprathama 'upadezamAlA' aura 'bhavabhAvanA'-ye do mUla grantha likhe aura phira ina para vRttiyA~ likhiiN| isake bAda anuyogadvAra, jIvasamAsa aura bandhazataka para vRttiyoM kI racanA kii| AcArya haribhadrakRta mUla AvazyakavRtti para TippaNa aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya para vistRta vRtti likhii| ina TIkAkAroM ke atirikta zatAdhika anya TIkAkAra bhI hue jinhoMne apanI racanAoM se jaina-sAhitya kI vRddhi kii| Agama granthoM meM kalpasUtra para aneka TIkAe~ likhI gayI,jaise kalpAntarvAcya, kalpakiraNAvalI, kalpadIpikA, kalpavyAkhyAnapaddhati aadi|

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] 101 TIkAoM kA kAla madhyayuga taka arthAt vikrama kI 17vIM18vIM zatAbdI taka calatA rhaa| __ AcArya zrI ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja- isakA janma saM. 1941 meM udayapura ke nikaTa jasavantagar3ha mevAr3a meM huaa| inhoMne sthAnakavAsI paramparA mAnya 32 AgamoM para saMskRta meM TIkAe~ likhiiN| ye pahale AcArya hai jinhoMne eka sAtha 32 AgamoM para TIkAe~ likhI haiN| TIkAoM meM kahIM-kahIM inakA svatantra cintana bhI parilakSita huA hai| lokabhASAoM meM racita vyAkhyAe~-TabbA saMskRta, prAkRta bhASAoM meM TIkAe~ adhika bar3ha jAne aura unameM dArzanika carcA carama-sImA taka pahu~ca jAne ke kAraNa ve durbodha ho gyii| sAtha hI saMskRta bhASA jana sAdhAraNa kI bhASA kabhI nahIM rhii| vaha viziSTa vidvAnoM, tArkikoM aura paNDitoM kI bhASA thii| isalie saMskRta TIkAe~ sAmAnya janatA kI buddhi se dUra hI rhii| sAtha hI kAla ke pravAha se 15vIM zatAbdI Ate-Ate saMskRta bhASA kucha hI vidvAnoM taka simaTakara raha gayI aura jana sAdhAraNa ko saMskRta meM likhI TIkAoM ko samajhanA bahuta hI kaThina ho gayA taba lokabhASAoM meM sarala-subodha TIkAe~ likhI gyiiN| sAdhu ratnasuri ne vi.saM. 1572 meM prAcIna rAjasthAnI mizrita gujarAtI meM AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga Adi para bAlAvabodha racanAe~ kii| prasiddha TabbAkAra dharmasiMha muni- vikrama kI aThArahavIM FOT

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102 [ jaina Agama : eka paricaya zatAbdI meM lokAgacchIya sthAnakavAsI AcArya dharmasiMhajI ne TabbAoM kI racanA kI / inhoMne Agama granthoM kA adhyayana karake sthAnakavAsI paramparA mAnya 27 AgamoM para Tabbe likhe / ye Tabbe mUlasparzI aura sAdhAraNa janoM ke lie AgamoM ke artha ko samajhane ke lie bar3e upayogI siddha hue| TabboM ke atirikta samavAyAMga kI huNDI, bhagavatI kA yantra, prajJApanA kA yantra, jIvAbhigama kA yantra Adi aneka granthoM kI racanA kI / unakA Agama jJAna gambhIra thA / kintu kheda hai ki inakI eka bhI racanA prakAzita nahIM huI hai / anuvAda vivecana - yuga bIsavIM zatAbdI meM anuvAda yuga prArambha huA / Agama granthoM ke anuvAda hindI, aMgrajI aura gujarAtI - tInoM bhASAoM meM hue / aMgrejI meM jarmana vidvAna DaoN. jekobI ne AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana aura kalpasUtra - ina cAra anuvAda kiyA, sAtha hI vistRta khojapUrNa bhUmikA likhI / upAsakadazA, antakRt dazA, anuttaraupapAtika aura vipAka tathA nirayAvaliyA ke aMgrejI anuvAda bhI ho cuke haiN| gujarAtI meM paM. becaradAsa jozI, paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA Adi vidvAnoM ne AgamoM ke anuvAda, saMpAdana tathA vivecana karake unako sArvajanIna upayogitA dI hai| munizrI santabAlajI tathA zrI gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela ne AgamoM kA gujarAtI bhAvAnuvAda kiyA hai, jo kAphI sundara va lokapriya siddha hue haiM / hindI meM pUjya zrI amolaka RSijI mahArAja, pUjya AcArya zrI AtmArAmajI mahArAja, AcArya zrI javAharalAlajI mahArAja,

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jaina Agama : eka paricaya] 103 pUjya zrI hastImalajI mahArAja ne bhI AgamoM ke sundara anuvAda tathA hindI vyAkhyA kI hai| ___isa anuvAda kI paramparA ko zrI saubhAgyamalajI mahArAja, anuyoga pravartaka muni zrI kanhaiyAlAlajI 'kamala' Adi ne bhI Age bar3hAyA hai| terApaMtha ke AcArya zrI tulasIjI evaM muni zrI nathamalajI ne AgamoM kA sundara sampAdana, vivecana Adi karake AgamajJAna kI dhArA ko nayA rUpa va nayA nikhAra diyA hai| upasaMhAra- isa sampUrNa vivecana se spaSTa hai ki devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ne Agama-lekhana kA jo mahatvapUrNa aura sAhasapUrNa kArya kiyA thA, usakI paramparA aba taka avicchinna rUpa se calI A rahI hai| aneka manISiyoM ne apanI prabala pratibhA aura prakhara cintana zakti se jaina-sAhitya ke bhaNDAra kI zrIvRddhi kI hai aura kara rahe haiN| yaha saMkSipta paricaya jijJAsuoM ke hRdaya meM AgamoM ke adhyayana ke prati rUci jAgRta karegA, aisA mujhe ddar3ha vizvAsa hai| AAAA .

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dIkSA yuvAcArya svargavAsa adhyayana pravacana bahuzruta yuvAcArya zrI mizrImala jI ma. sA. 'madhukara' vikrama samvat 1960, mArgazIrSa zuklA 14 grAma-tiMvarI (jodhapura) vikrama samvat 1980 vaizAkha zuklA 101 AcArya zrI jayamalla jI mahArAja kI sampradAya ke pUjya zrI jorAvaramalla jI mahArAja ke 10 kara kamaloM dvaaraa| vi.saM. 2036zrAvaNazuklA 1(25 julAI 1976) / 26navambara 1983 (naasik)| jainanyAyatIrtha, kAvyatIrtha, saMskRta sAhitya meM madhyamA (kvInsa kaoNleja, vArANasI) jaina Agama bhAratIya darzana tathA saMskRta prAkRta-sAhitya kA gambhIra adhyyn| sumadhura, sarasa, sarala va samanvayAtmaka shailii| aba taka prakAzita pravacana sAhitya :- antara kI ora(bhAga-1,2), sAdhanA ke sUtra aadi| (sampAdana )munizrI hajArImala smRtigrantha, sAdhu vandanA, jAgaraNa, dharmapatha, bha. mahAvIra kI sAdhanA, svastha adhyayana, sanmativANI, jayavANI aadi|(lekhn ) amara kahAnI, (kavitA) jyotirdhara jaya, sugama sAhitya mAlA ( 12 ), tIrthaMkara mahAvIra evaM jaina kathAmAlA 51 bhaagaadi| AgamoM kA sAnuvAda suvivecn,smpaadn,maargdrshn| svabhAva kI sahaja madhuratA tathA guNajJatA ke kAraNa 'madhukara' nAma se prsiddh| sadA prasannamukha, zAntipriya evaM vairAgya se ota-prota antHkrnn| zramaNasaMgha ke uccapadoM para raha kara bhI sadA sarala vinamra evaM madhura bane rhe|jnyaan evaM nirmala caritra ke ujjavala pratIka yuvAcArya zrI madhukara munijI! sAhitya antaraMga mudraka : mehatA oNphaseTa, byAvara. phona : 253990 Oil For Private & Personal use only wiw.jainelisrary.ots