Adhyatma Chetna

Author(s): Nitesh Shah
Publisher: Kundkund Kahan Tirth Suraksha Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/007148/1

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA lekhakaH DaoN. niteza zAha prakAzaka zrI kundakunda-kahAna tIrthasurakSA TrasTa, mumbaI

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura dvArA pIeca. DI. hetu svIkRta - varSa 2008 - lekhaka DaoN. niteza zAha prakAzaka zrI kundakunda - kahAna digambara jaina tIrthasurakSA TrasTa, mumbaI

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prathama saMskaraNa 1100 pratiyA~ - prakAzana sahayogI 22 pharavarI, 2012 5100/- sva. anurAga jaina kI smRti meM (paM. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa dvArA | dvArA zrI dineza-kiraNa jaina, sivanI Ayojita paMcakalyANaka pratiSThA | 5100/- zrI dilIpa bhAI zAha, jayapura mahotsava ke avasara para prakAzita) | 5100/- zrI kundakunda vItarAga vijJAna maMDala, jabalapura | 1100/- saMjaya zAstrI (bar3AmalaharA) jayapura prApti sthAna - 1. zrI kundakunda-kahAna digambara jaina tIrtha surakSA TrasTa zrI sImandhara jinAlaya 173-175 mumbA devI roDa, mumbaI 2. DI-154 kundakunda bhavana phlaiTa naM. 3 motI mArga bApU nagara, jayapura-15 09887260991 3. sarvodaya ahiMsA bI. 180 e-2 maMgala mArga, bApU nagara, jayapura-15 09785 999100 lAgata mUlya - 40 rupaye nyochAvara rAzi - 35 rupaye mAtra / mudraka - prI elavila sana, jayapura 095092 32733

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prakAzakIya tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500 veM nirvANa mahotsava evaM paramAgama mandira, sonagar3ha ke paMcakalyANaka pratiSThA mahotsava ke avasara para pUjya gurudeva zrI kAnajI svAmI ke maMgala sAnnidhya meM dharmaratna paNDita bAbUbhAI mehatA ke athaka prayAsoM se zrI kundakunda- kahAna digambara jaina tIrtha surakSA TrasTa, muMbaI kI sthApanA kI gii| ukta TrasTa ne aneka yojanAe~ kriyAnvita kI, jisameM kucha nimnAnusAra haiM - ... : 1. tIrtha surakSA evaM jIrNoddhAra - (ka) isake antargata 17 tIrthakSetroM kA sarvekSaNa kArya paNDita zrI jJAnacandajI, vidizA ke netRtva meM kiyA gyaa| ___ (kha) lagabhaga 25 varSoM ke athaka prayAsoM se TrasTa ke mahAmaMtrI vasaMtabhAI mUlacaMda dozI, muMbaI ne zAzvata tIrthadhAma zrI sammedazikharajI ke saMdarbha meM abhUtapUrva saphalatAe~ hAsila kii| .. (ga) aMtarIkSa pArzvanAtha zirapura ke saMdarbha meM paNDita zrI bra. dhanyakumAra belokara ke prayAsoM ko bhI bhulAyA nahIM jA sktaa| (gha) digambara jinamandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra, navIna jinamandiroM evaM svAdhyAya bhavanoM ke nirmANakArya meM cAlIsa se adhika jagahoM para Arthika sahayoga diyA jA cukA hai| vartamAna meM sahayoga rAzi Der3ha se DhAI lAkha ke bIca nirdhArita hai| (Ga) paunnUra meM bhavya dharmAyatana tathA zravaNabelagolA meM pUjya zrI kAnajI svAmI vizrAnti gRha kI sthApanA kI gii| (ca) antarrASTrIya stara ke mahotsava bAvanagajA tathA zravaNabelagolA meM zrI vasantabhAI ko maMtrI pada se suzobhita kiyA gyaa| 2. mahAvidyAlaya kI sthApanA va saMcAlana - ukta TrasTa dvArA zrI ToDaramala digambara jaina siddhAnta mahAvidyAlaya kI sthApanA evaM saMcAlana julAI 1977 se lagAtAra kiyA jA rahA hai| phalasvarUpa lagabhaga 600 zAstrI vidvAna taiyAra hue haiN|

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3. satsAhitya prakAzana - TrasTa dvArA abhI taka samayasAra, niyamasAra, pravacanasAra, aSTapAhur3a, samyagjJAna candrikA (bhAga 1,2,3), nATaka samayasAra, paMcAstikAya, iSTopadeza evaM samAdhitantra, mokSamArga prakAzaka (aMgrejI anuvAda bra. hemacandajI hema-devalAlI), zrAvakadharma, cidvilAsa, yogasAra TIkA (bra. zItalaprasAdajI kRta), samayapAhur3a (ubhayaTIkA sahita) hiMdI bhASA meM tathA AtmAnuzAsana, yogasAra evaM ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra gujarAtI bhASA meM prakAzita karAye jA cuke haiN| ___isI zrRMkhalA meM DaoN. niteza zAha, jayapura kI zodhakRti - 'kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA' ko prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai, jisase jainadarzana ke pUrvakAlIna evaM pratiSThita vidvAna paNDita dyAnatarAyajI kA vyaktitva evaM kartRtva Alokita ho skegaa| jo vidvAnoM evaM zodhArthiyoM ko vizeSa upayogI siddha hogaa| ... TrasTa dvArA AcArya kundakunda praNIta-'paMcatthiya saMgahaM suttaM' kA amRtacandrAcArya kRta samaya vyAkhyA tathA jayasenAcArya kRta tAtparyavRtti donoM TIkAoM sahita prakAzana zIghra hI kiyA jaayegaa| ukta prakAzana vibhAga jinavANI ke prakAzana evaM pracAra-prasAra kI yojanAoM ko satata kriyAnvita karate rahane hetu kRtasaMkalpa hai| bhavadIya : ...... samasta padAdhikArI evaM TrasTIgaNa zrI kundakunda-kahAna digambara jaina tIrtha surakSA TrasTa, muMbaI adhyakSa ___ upAdhyakSa .. mahAmaMtrI bAbU jugalakizora yugala bra. dhanyakumAra belokara basaMtalAla mUlacanda dozI (gajapaMthA) . .. (muMbaI) sumanabhAI rAmajI dozI . (rAjakoTa) (koTA)

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prastAvanA kavi dyAnatarAyajI jaina vAGmaya ke advitIya, asAdhAraNa, sAhityakAra evaM AdhyAtmika santa kavi haiM / vAstava meM ve jaina mahAkaviyoM kI paramparA ke maulika grantha praNetA aura adhyAtma rasa ke rasiyA ke rUpa meM vizruta the / unhoMne jaina AcAryoM dvArA praNIta adhyAtma, darzana evaM sAhitya kI paramparA ke marma ko apane meM AtmasAta kara apanI kRtiyoM va bhASA sAhitya dvArA jainadharma ke rahasyoM ko ujAgara kiyA hai / jaina AcAryoM ne jisa adhyAtma evaM darzana kA bIja boyA thA, use. apane anupama vyaktitva evaM kartRtva dvArA pallavita, puSpita, phalita aura vistRta karane kA pUrNa zreya dyAnatarAyajI ko hai / isa zodhakArya ko karane ke nimna kAraNa rahe haiM (1) prAyaH jaina sAhitya ko dhArmika evaM sAmpradAyika mAnakara upekSita kiyA jAtA rahA hai aura jaina kavi evaM sAhityakAroM para zodhakArya kama hI huA hai| ataH jaina kavi dyAnatarAya para zodha karane kA vicAra udita huA / (2) adhyAtma sAhitya kI kaI vizeSatAe~ dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM dRSTigocara hotI haiM / ataH hindI AdhyAtmika sAhitya ke vizeSa sandarbha meM dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya kA samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA / uparyukta sabhI kAraNoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue maiMne apane zodha kA viSaya 'kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA' rkhaa| prastuta zodha prabandha ko chaha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai, jisakA sArAMza nimnalikhita hai -- karate prathama adhyAya meM dyAnatarAya ke jIvana paricaya evaM vyaktitva paraM prakAza DAlA gayA hai| jIvanavRtta ke antargata nAma, zikSA, parivAra, nivAsa sthAna evaM kAryakSetra, janma - mRtyu evaM racanAkAla, vaivAhika jIvana, dyAnatarAya ke pUrvaja Adi kA nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA hai| dyAnatarAya kA vyaktitva aneka guNoM se suzobhita thA / ve kaMvi, sadAcArI, adhyAtmarasika, sahRdaya, vidvAna, gaNitajJa, gAyana - priya, nirabhimAnI, Atmacintaka, bhakta evaM guNAnurAgI, vinamra, mRdubhASI, vicArazIla, dhArmika, hiMsA evaM vaira ke virodhI ke rUpa meM dRSTigata hote haiN| dvitIya adhyAya meM racanAoM kA vargIkaraNa gadya aura padya ke rUpa meM unakI prakAzita-aprakAzita racanAoM para vistRta vivecana kiyA hue - '

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gayA hai| dyAnatarAyajI kI koI bhI gadya racanA upalabdha nahIM hai| padya ke antargata dyAnatavilAsa unakI mukhya kRti hai| muktaka kAvya ke rUpa meM upadezazataka, carcAzataka, pada-saMgraha kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| inake atirikta phuTakara racanAoM ke rUpa meM vinatiyA~, stotra, AratiyA~, aSTaka kAvya, bAvaniyA~ ityAdi kA nAmollekha pUrvaka paricaya diyA gayA hai| ye samasta racanAe~ muktaka kAvya meM hI samAhita haiN| - tRtIya adhyAya meM adhyAtma kA svarUpa evaM vizleSaNa ke antargata adhyAtma zabda kI vyutpatti, artha, lakSaNa evaM paribhASA, adhyAtma - vibhinna darzanoM kI dRSTi meM, adhyAtma - vibhinna manISiyoM kI dRSTi meM evaM anta meM adhyAtma ke mahattva kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| . sAtha hI dyAnatarAya ke kAvya meM AtmA-paramAtmA para vicAra,jagata sambandhI vicAra, karma siddhAnta sambandhI vicAra, mokSa sambandhI vicAra, manuSya janma kI durlabhatA para vicAra, rAga-dveSa-moha tathA kaSAya kI bAdhakatA para vicAra, ajJAna ke abhAva ke viSaya meM vicAra, sadguru kA mahattva, sAdhaka kI anivAryatA sambandhI vicAra, Asrava nirodha kI carcA tathA saMvara, nirjarA kI carcA ityAdi kA-vistRta varNana kiyA hai| caturtha adhyAya meM dyAnatarAya kI adhyAtma nirUpaNA meM cAritragata nirUpaNA ke antargata indriya saMyama kI AvazyakatA, mana saMyama kI AvazyakatA, prANI rakSA kI bAta, antaraMga evaM bAhya zuddhi kA varNana, dazadharma kA varNana, satsaMga kI carcA, bAhya ADambara kA virodha, vyavahAra sAdhanA mArga, nizcaya sAdhanA kA mArga, sayoga kevalI tathA jIvana mukta kI sthiti Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| sAdhanAgata nirUpaNA ke antargata sAta-tattvoM kA nirUpaNa, chaha dravyoM kA nirUpaNa, Atmatattva kA varNana, ratnatraya kA pratipAdana, mithyAMdarzana jJAna-cAritra kA varNana, navapadArtha kA tathA svAnubhava kA varNana kiyA hai| paMcama adhyAya meM dyAnatarAya ke kAvya meM abhivyakta kalApakSa kA anuzIlana kiyA gayA hai| isake antargata dyAnatarAya dvArA prayukta bhASA, chanda-vidhAna, alaMkAra-vidhAna, pratIka-vidhAna, muhAvare aura kahAvatoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| SaSTha adhyAya meM sampUrNa viSayavastu kA upasaMhAra kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI dyAnatarAya ke yogadAna para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai|

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AbhAra pradarzana pratyeka kArya kI pUrNatA meM vaiyaktika prayAsa ke sAtha-sAtha parasparopakArI prayAsoM kA bhI yogadAna rahatA hai| zodhanirdezaka DaoN. pI.sI. jaina kA maiM atyanta AbhArI aura cira RNI rahU~gA, jinhoMne sampUrNa zodhAvadhi meM mujhe nirantara protsAhita kiyaa| mere utsAha aura niSThA ko sahI dizA pradAna karate hue apanI utpreraka bauddhikatA aura talasparzI soca ko mere zodhakArya meM prayukta kara ucita nirdeza evaM sahayoga pradAna kiyaa| merI mAtAjI zrImatI suzIlAdevI evaM pitAjI zrI kAntilAlajI ke agAdha prema evaM sneha ne mujhe zodhakArya ko tatparatA se karane meM sadaiva saMlagna banAye rkhaa| mere agraja zrI bhUpendra jaina evaM zrI manoja jaina ne apanA sampUrNa sneha evaM sauhArda pradAna kara mere kArya meM jo sahayoga diyA, unake isa sahayoga ke lie maiM unakA sadaiva RNI rhuuNgaa| merI sahadharmiNI zrImatI anuzrI zAha kI prazaMsA kiye binA bhI maiM nahIM raha sakatA, jinakI satata preraNA evaM sahayoga merA saMbala rhaa| maiM AbhArI hU~ AdaraNIya DaoN. uttamacandajI sivanI, paNDita abhayakumArajI, devalAlI evaM paNDita azokajI luhAr3iyA kA jinhoMne zodhasAmagrI upalabdha karavAkara evaM ucita mArgadarzana dekara mujhe sahayoga pradAna kiyaa| zodhasAmagrI upalabdha karavAne meM vibhinna zAstra bhaMDAroM, jainamandiroM evaM pustakAlayoM ke adhikAriyoM ne jo sahayoga diyA, usake lie maiM una sabhI ke prati kRtajJa huuN| prastuta zodhaprabandha ko prakAzita karane hetu zrI kundakunda - kahAna digambara jaina tIrthasurakSA TrasTa, mumbaI kA maiM AbhArI huuN| sAtha hI zrI dilIpabhAI zAha, jayapura evaM kundakunda vItarAga vijJAna maMDala, jabalapura ke Arthika sahayoga ke lie maiM unake prati bhI kRtajJa huuN| zrI saMjaya zAstrI ne isa kArya hetu mujhe apanA amUlya samaya evaM salAha dekara sahayoga diyA evaM zodhaprabandha kI TAipa seTiMga ke lie prIti kampyUTarsa, jayapura bhI dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| AzA hai, yaha zodhaprabandha sabhI sudhI pAThakoM, vidvAnoM evaM zodhArthiyoM ko upayogI siddha hogaa| - DaoN. niteza zAha

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1-11 viSayAnukramaNikA prathama adhyAya : jIvana paricaya evaM vyaktitva . * .... (ka) jIvana paricaya : (1) janma (2) nAma (3) dyAnatarAya ke pUrvaja (4) zikSA (5) nivAsa sthAna (6) kAryakSetra (7) racanAkAla evaM vaivAhika jIvana(8) mRtyu . (kha) vyaktitva : (1) sadAcArI (2) adhyAtmarasika (3) sahRdaya (4) vidvAna (5) gaNitajJa(6) gAyana priyatA (7) nirabhimAnI (8) Atmacintana(9) bhakta evaM guNAnurAgI (10) AtmonmukhI (11) mahAkavi / dvitIya adhyAya: dyAnatarAyajI kA kartRtva 12-31 (ka) racanAoM kA vargIkaraNa : - (1) prakAzita racanAyeM (2) gadya racanAyeM (3) padya racanAyeM (kha) racanAoM kA paricayAtmaka anuzIlana (1) gadya sAhitya (2) padya sAhitya - carcAzataka, upadeza zataka (muktaka kAvya) (ga) pUjA sAhitya : (1) caubIsa tIrthaMkara pUjA (2) dazalakSaNa pUjA (3) ratnatraya pUjA (4) SoDazakAraNa pUjA (5) paMcameru pUjA (6) bhAdrapada pUjA (7) deva-zAstra-guru pUjA (8) vidyamAna bIsa tIrthaMkara pUjA (7) sarasvatI pUjA (10) nirvANa kSetra pUjA (11) nandIzvaradvIpa puujaa| vibhinna phuTakara racanAyeM (muktaka kAvya), stotra, aSTaka kAvya, . subodha paMcAsikA, padasaMgraha, bAvaniyA~ aadi| tRtIya adhyAya : dyAnatarAyajI ke sAhitya meM adhyAtma cetanA 32-141 (ka) adhyAtma svarUpa evaM vizleSaNa (1) adhyAtma zabda kI vyutpatti, artha, lakSaNa evaM paribhASA (2) adhyAtma vibhinna darzanoM kI dRSTi meM

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142-182 (3) adhyAtma vibhinna manISiyoM kI dRSTi meM (4) adhyAtma kA mahattva (kha) dyAnatarAyajI ke kAvya meM adhyAtma (1) AtmA-paramAtmA para vicaar| (2) jagata sambandhI vicAra / (3) karma siddhAnta sambandhI vicAra / (4) mokSa sambandhI vicAra / (5) manuSya janma kI durlabhatA para vicAra (6) rAga-dveSa-moha tathA kaSAya kI bAdhakatA para vicAra (7) dyAnatarAya ke ajJAna ke abhAva ke viSaya meM vicAra (8) sadguru kA mahattva (9) sAdhaka kI anivAryatA sambandhI vicAra (10) Asrava nirodha kI carcA tathA saMvara, nirjarA kI carcA caturtha adhyAya : dyAnatarAya kI adhyAtma nirUpaNA (ka) cAritragata nirUpaNA : (1) indriya saMyama kI AvazyakatA (2) mana saMyama kI AvazyakatA (3) prANI rakSA kI bAta (4) antaraMga evaM bAhya zuddhi kA varNana (5) dazadharma kA varNana (6) satsaMga kI carcA (7) bAhya ADambara kA virodha (8) vyavahAra sAdhanA mArga (9) nizcayasAdhanA kA mArga (10) sayoga kevalI tathA jIvana mukta kI sthiti kA varNana (kha) sAdhanAgata nirUpaNA : (1) sAta tattvoM kA nirUpaNa (2) chaha dravyoM kA nirUpaNa (3) Atmatattva kA varNana (4) ratnatraya kA pratipAdana (5) mithyAdarzana-jJAna-cAritra kA varNana (6) navapadArtha kA varNana (7) svAnubhava kA varNana paMcama adhyAya : dyAnatarAya ke kAvya meM abhivyakta kalApakSa 183-210 (1) bhASA, pUjana sAhitya kI bhASA, carcA zataka kI bhASA, vibhinna zataka, bAvanI va aSTaka sAhitya kI bhASA, phuTakara racanAoM kI bhaassaa| (2) chanda vidhAna (3) alaMkAra vidhAna (4) pratIka vidhAna (5) muhAvare aura kahAvateM SaSTha adhyAya : upasaMhAra 211-214

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prathama adhyAya kavi dyAnatarAya kA jIvana paricaya evaM vyaktitva jIvana paricayaH saMskRta evaM hindI ke adhikAMza kaviyoM ne apanI racanAoM meM na apanA koI paricaya diyA hai aura na koI prAmANika sAkSya hI tatsambandha meM upalabdha hai| aisI paristhiti meM kavi kI racanA meM upalabdha kisI aisI paMkti kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai, jisameM usake paricaya kI ora saMketa ho| kavi dyAnatarAya ke sambandha meM bhI yahI kathana caritArtha hotA hai| unake zatakoM evaM padoM meM kahIM-kahIM unake janma, zikSA ityAdi ke bAre meM jJAta hotA hai, jisakA varNana isa adhyAya meM Age kiyA jA rahA hai| . _1. nAma- dyAnatarAya kA mUla nAma dyAnatarAya hI thA, kintu unhoMne apane padoM evaM pUjanoM meM 'dyAnata' zabda kA hI prayoga kiyA hai parantu unakI prasiddhi 'dyAnatarAya' ke nAma se hI hai| prAyaH unakI sabhI prakAzita racanAoM meM dyAnatarAya nAma hI dekhane ko milatA hai| vaise 'dyAnata' zabda kA vyutpatti artha 'dhyAna meM rata rahane vAlA' mAnA jAtA hai| udAharaNa svarUpa - 'dyAnata' dharama daza pair3i car3hi ke ziva mahala meM paga dhraa|' isa taraha Alocya kavi kA nAma dyAnatarAya,hI milatA hai| 2. zikSA- dyAnatarAya kA bAlyakAla AgarA zahara meM hI vyatIta haa| usa samaya AgarA jainazikSA kA acchA kendra thaa| AgarA meM usa samaya vibhinna zailiyA~ pracalita thiiN| zailI meM par3hakara hI dyAnatarAya ne urdU, phArasI evaM saMskRta kA jJAna prApta kiyA thaa| zailI meM par3hakara dyAnatarAya ko deva-zAstra-guru ke prati zraddhA tathA adhyAtma kA jJAna huaa| unake guruoM ne unheM dhArmika granthoM kA saMskRta ke mAdhyama se paThana-pAThana karAyA, jisake phalasvarUpa vaha eka nipuNa AdhyAtmika kavi bana ske| . kavi ke samakAlIna AgarA meM mAnasiMha jauharI evaM unake ziSya bihArIdAsa jainadharma ke prakANDa vidvAna evaM sukavi the| dyAnatarAyajI unake jIvana evaM caritra se atyadhika prabhAvita hue| yuvAvasthA meM jaba dyAnatarAya , dillI Aye to sukhAnanda kI zailI ke sadasya bana gye|

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA kavi ucca koTi ke vidvAna hone ke sAtha-sAtha saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, gujarAtI aura urdU Adi bhASAoM ke jAnakAra the / bhASA aura viSaya ke atirikta kavi ko kAvyazAstrIya jJAna bhI thA / 3. parivAra-dyAnatarAya kA vivAha 15 varSa kI avasthA meM saM. 1748 meM huA thaa| unake sAta putra evaM tIna putriyA~ thIM / 5 2 kavi kA kAvyAnuzIlana karane ke pazcAt aisA pratIta hotA hai ki unakA jIvana duHkhoM se AkrAnta rhaa| eka sthAna para kavi ne svayaM likhA hai ki rojagAra banatA nahIM hai, ghara meM dhana nahIM, khAne kI ciMtA sadA lagI rahatI hai / isa abhAvagrasta jIvana meM bhI patnI sundara AbhUSaNoM kI mA~ga karatI hai / sAjhedArI ke cora svabhAva kA hone ke kAraNa ghara meM hamezA dhana kA abhAva banA rahatA hai / putra kA dyUtavyasanI honA evaM putrI kA vivAhoparAMta mara jAnA bhI dyAnatarAya ko duHkhI banA detA hai / dyAnatarAya kI ukta vaivAhika jIvana kI jhA~kI 'upadeza zataka' ke eka chanda meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| 6 4. nivAsa sthAna evaM kAryakSetra - dyAnatarAya kA bacapana to AgarA nagara meM hI vyatIta huA / unakA adhyayana bhI AgarA meM hI sampanna huA, kintu AjIvikA ke lie ve bAda meM dillI Akara rahane lage the| jaisA ki unhoMne svayaM apanI kRti 'pUraNa paMcAsikA' meM kahA hai - Agare meM mAnasiMha jauharI kI zailI hutI / dillI mAhiM aba sukhAnanda kI zailI hai / / ihA~ uhA~ jaura kari, yAdi karI likhI nAhiM | aise bhAva AlasasauM, merI mati maili haiM / / kavivara dyAnatarAya ke kAryakSetra AgarA aura dillI donoM rahe haiN| jainadharma kA pramukha sthAna aura sundara zahara hone ke kAraNa dyAnatarAya ne AgarA ko apane nivAsa ke anukUla mAnA thA / dyAnatarAya ke AvirbhAva se pahale kavi rUpacanda, banArasIdAsa evaM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa AgarA ko kAphI prasiddhi dilA cuke the / dyAnatarAya ukta vidvAnoM ke prati zraddhAbhAva rakhane ke kAraNa bhI AgarA ke prati lagAva rakhate the / 'subodha paMcAsikA' evaM 'upadeza zataka' kramazaH saMvat 1752 evaM 1758 meM AgarA meM hI likhe gaye / kavi ke kathanAnusAra bihArIdAsa se prerita hokara dharmavilAsa kI apUrNa prative AgarA meM likha cuke the| dyAnatarAya praur3hAvasthA meM dillI A gaye / kavi kA AgarA chor3akara dillI jAne kA kAraNa cAhe vyApArika rahA hoM, kintu jainoM

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 3 kI saghana bastI evaM apekSAkRta pramukha dhanI kendra hone ke kAraNa hI dyAnatarAya ko dillIvAsI banA ske| .. .. dillI meM guNajJa sAhibarAya ne apUrNa dharmavilAsa meM kucha racanAyeM aura bar3havAkara use pUrNa krvaayaa| dyAnatarAya ko dharmavilAsa kI lokapriyatA ke kAraNa atyadhika prasannatA huii| 5. janma-mRtyu evaM racanAkAla-dyAnatarAya kA janma goyala gotrIya agravAla vaMza meM saMvat 1733 meM AgarA meM huaa| jaoNrja kaniMghama ne jamunA ke pAsa prApta prAcIna jainamaMdira ke avazeSa va sanmatinAtha kI pratimA ke AdhAra se saMvat 1063 meM isI AgarA ko jainadharma kA pramukha sthAna mAnA hai|" dyAnatarAya ke samaya meM bhI AgarA jainadharma kA pramukha kendra hone ke atirikta kazmIrI, gujarAtI, mAravAr3I Adi vargoM kA sthAna thaa| dyAnatarAya kI mRtyu saMbaMdhI saMketa jagatarAma ke saiddhAntika grantha 'AgamavilAsa' meM milate haiN| 63 pRSThoM ke isa grantha kA prArambha saM. 1783 . vikrama meM dyAnatarAya ne kiyA thA, kintu isako jagatarAma ne saM. 1784 meM mainapurI meM pUrNa kiyaa| dulIcanda bhaNDAra, bar3A mandira, jayapura se prApta AgamavilAsa kI prazasti ke saMdarbha meM ukta saMketa diye haiN| dyAnatarAya dvArA Arambha kiye gaye AgamavilAsa kA saM. 1784 meM jagatarAma dvArA pUrNa kiyA jAnA isa tathya kA spaSTa pramANa hai ki dyAnatarAya kI mRtyu saM. 1783 evaM 1784 ke madhya meM huI hogii| 6. dyAnatarAya ke pUrvaja-kavivara dyAnatarAya ke pUrvaja hariyANA meM sthita hisAra evaM lAlapura nagaroM meM nivAsa karane ke pazcAt AgarA meM rahane, lage the| inake pitAmaha vIradAsa kA parivAra 'caukasI' khAnadAna ke nAma se mazahUra thaa| dyAnatarAya ke pitA zyAmadAsa apanI sampannatA ke kAraNa AgarA evaM zahara ke AsapAsa ke gA~voM meM 'sAhamI' kahalAte the| dyAnatarAya ke pUrvaja zurU se hI jainadharma meM ruci rakhate the|" (kha) vyaktitva dyAnatarAya ke vaiyaktika guNoM ke bAre meM DaoN. brajeza siMha ne apane zodha-prabandha meM likhA hai ki ve tana aura mana se suMdara evaM komala svabhAva ke

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4. kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA vyakti the| vinamratA, sadAzayatA, gAyanapaTutA, dhArmika sahiSNutA, AtmarucivantatA, spaSTavAditA evaM paraduHkhakAtaratA unake svabhAva ke pramukha aMga the| jJAna ke prati unakI bar3I jijJAsA rahI, yahI kAraNa hai ki ve bahuta-sI bhASAoM, darzanoM evaM zAstroM ke jAnakAra bane / kavi kI dhAraNA thI ki zAstrajJAna se sukha evaM zAnti prApta hotI hai| (1) sadAcArI-kavi dyAnatarAya-jainadharma ke sacce zraddhAnI the| unake jIvana meM bhI jainadharma ke siddhAntoM kA abhUtapUrva prabhAva rhaa| unakA vAstavika rUpa sAdhaka kA thaa| dyAnatarAya karuNAvAna, spaSTavaktA evaM vinayazIla the| dyAnatarAya svayaM jainadharmAnusAra AcaraNa karate the| jainadharma meM batAye gaye sapta vyasanoM kA tyAga, aSTa mUlaguNoM kA pAlana evaM pratidina devadarzana ke vizvAsI the tathA rAtribhojana tyAga evaM chAnakara jala kA prayoga karate the| vikaTa paristhitiyoM meM bhI kavi ne kabhI dharmAcaraNa se mukha nahIM modd'aa| (2) adhyAtmarasika-kavivara dyAnatarAya ko adhyAtma ke prati behada lagAva thaa| unakA saMpUrNa sAhitya adhyAtma amRta se sarAbora hai| udAharaNasvarUpa unakA yaha pada dRSTavya hai - magna rahU~ re! zuddhAtama meM magana rahU~ re! ttek|| . ro doSa para ko utpAta nihacai zuddha cetanA jAta / vidhi niSedha ko khedaM nivArI Apa Apa meM Apa nihaarii|| bandha mokSa vikalapa kari dUra Ananda kanda cidAtama shuur| .. darzana-jJAna-caraNa samudAya 'dyAnata' yaha hI mokSa upaay||" (3) sahRdaya-sahRdayatA kavi kA vizeSa guNa hai| yadi kavi sahRdayatA * se kAvya kA sRjana karatA hai to pAThaka ko rasAnubhUti hotI hai| dyAnatarAya ke kAvya se unake vyaktitva kA sahRdaya honA siddha hotA hai|" (4) vidvAna-kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya kA adhyayana karane ke pazcAt yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve yogya vyakti the| jJAna kA akSayabhaNDAra . unameM samAhita thaa| ve kAvya racanA meM bhI kuzala the| (5) gaNitajJa-dyAnatarAya kI carcA zataka ke adhyayana se hama kaha sakate haiM ki jaisA varNana unhoMne guNasthAnoM, mArgaNAsthAnoM kA kiyA hai, vaisA anyatra durlabha hai| udAharaNa svarUpa - caudaha battIsa tetIsa chattIse ikatisa ikatisa ikatisa maan| . aTTAisa aTThAisa bAisa bAisa bAra bIsa maiM thaan|

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5 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA cauthe terai antima thAnaka paMca bhAva siddhAlaya jaan| samyaka gyAna darasa bala jIvatanihacaiM sauM tu Apa pichaan|| 7011 isI prakAra tIna loka kA varNana jitanI rocakatA se padyamaya likhA hai, vaisA anyatra durlabha hai| - tIna loka kA svarUpa pUraba pacchima sAta narka taleM rAjU sAta, A>> ghaTA madhyaloka rAju eka rahA hai| U~caiM bar3hi bhayau brahma loka rAju pA~ca bhayA hai, A>> ghaTA anta rAju eka saradahA hai| dacchina uttara Adi madhya anta rAju sAta, U~cA caudaha rAju SaT dravya bharA lahA hai| asaMkhyAta paradeza bhUra loka kiyo bhess| karai charai harai kauna svayaM siddha kahA hai|| 8 ||" gaNita kI viSayavastu ko jisa bArIkI se dyAnatarAya ne apane kAvya meM prastuta kiyA hai, usase lagatA hai ki ve eka kuzala gaNitajJa the| (6) gAyana-priya-dyAnatarAya kavi the, ataH unake kAvya meM geyatA vidyamAna hai| unakA samasta kAvya chandabaddha hai, ataH use kaNThastha karane meM AsAnI rahatI hai| dyAnatarAya gAyaka bhI the| kaviyoM, santoM tathA bhaktoM ke gIta samAja evaM rAjadarabAra meM gAye va sune jAte the| dyAnatarAya kI racanAyeM unake samaya meM hI gItarUpa meM pracalita ho gayI thiiN| gIta gAne va sunane se vyakti meM jJAna evaM guNoM kA vikAsa hotA hai tathA usameM kavitA racane kI kuzalatA AtI hai| dyAnatarAya ne apane banAye kavittoM ko gAyA evaM sabako sunaayaa| kavitta banAye sabani sunAye, mana Ae gAye guNa gyaan| (7) nirabhimAnI-dyAnatarAya atyanta nirabhimAnI vyakti the, isalie ve utkRSTa kAvya kI racanA karane vAle kavi hokara bhI apane Apako alpa buddhivAlA sAmAnya mAnava hI mAnate haiN| ve likhate haiM - oMkAra ma~ jhAra paMca parama pada vasata haiN| tIna bhuvana meM sAra, baMdauM manavacakAya sauN|| acchara jJAna na mohi, chanda bheda samajhU nhiiN| budhi thor3I kima hoI, bhASA acchara baabnii|| 21

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA isI taraha unakI dRSTi meM carcAzataka kI racanA kA uddezya abhimAna yA sammAna kI cAha nahIM hai, apitu svapara kA kalyANa karanA hai - caracA mukha sauM bhanai sunai prAnI nahIM kAnana / keI suni ghara jAhIM nAhIM bhAkhe phiri aann|| tini ko lakhi upagAra sAra yaha zataka bnaaii| par3hata sunata hvai buddhi zuddha jinavANI gaaii|| isameM aneka siddhAnta kau, manthana kathana dyAnata khaa| saba mAhIM jIva ko nAma hai, jIva bhAva hama srdhaa|| (8) Atmacintaka-dyAnatarAyajI Atmacintaka, mokSAbhilASI kavi the, unake kAvya ko par3hakara yahI pratIta hotA hai ki ve AtmakalyANa ke lie AtmA ko jAnanA, pahacAnanA aura usameM lIna hone ko hI kAryakArI mAnate haiN| unhoMne samasta vikalpoM kA tyAga kara ekamAtra AtmA kA cintana karane para jora diyA hai, kyoMki AtmakalyANa ke lie ekamAtra kAraNa svayaM ko jAnanA, pahacAnanA evaM tanmaya honA hI hai| (6) bhakta evaM guNAnurAgI-dyAnatarAya bhakta evaM guNAnurAgI haiN| ve apane ArAdhya ke prati pUrNa samarpita haiN| unake ArAdhya arahanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu, jinavANI aura jinadharma Adi haiM; isalie ve una sabake prati bhakti pradarzita karate hue stuti karate haiN| ve svayaM ko ajJAnI mAnakara tIrthaMkara, munirAjoM ko jJAnI mAnakara unakI zraddhA meM bhakti ke gIta gAte haiM - prathama deva arahanta suzruta siddhAnta ju, .. guru niragrantha mahanta mukatipura pantha jU / . tIna ratana jagamAhiM su ye bhavi dhyAiye, .. tinakI bhakti. prasAda parama pada pAiye / / pUMjauM pada arahanta ke, pUjauM guru pada saar| pUjauM devI sarasvatI, nita prati aSTa prkaar|| ratnatraya kA svarUpa evaM bhakti vyakta karate hue dyAnatarAya likhate haiM samyak darzana jJAna, vrata zivamaga tInoM myii| pAra utArana yAna, dhAnata pUjauM vrata sahita / / samyak darzana jJAna vrata, ina bina mukti na hoy| andha paMgu aru AlasI, jude jale dava loy|| 23

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA dyAnatarAya kA Antarika vyaktitva sAMsArikatA se pare AtmonmukhI hai / ve Atmahita ke prati pUrNatayA jAgarUka evaM sAvadhAna haiM isalie saMsAra bhogoM se virakta hokara dRSTi ko antarmukha karane kI bAta karate haiM aizvarya ru Azrita nainA jaba lauM terI dRSTi phirai naa| jaba lauM terI dRSTi savAI kara dharma agAU bhAI / / 25 - the / isIlie kaThora bolane vAloM ko samajhAte hue kahate haiM ki nija zatru jo gharamAhiM Avai, mAna tAkau kIjiyai / ati U~ca Asana madhura vAnI, bolikaiM jasa lIjiyai / / bhagavAna suguna - nidhAna munivara, dekhi kyauM nahiM harakhiyai / par3agAhI lIjai dAna dIjai, bhagati barakhA barakhiyai / / 28 7 I ( 10 ) vinamra - dyAnatarAya vinamra svabhAva ke vyakti the / vinamratA unameM kUTa-kUTa kara bharI thI; isIlie ve apane ArAdhya ke prati to vinamratA pradarzita karate hue stuti karate hI haiM; apitu sabhI jainAcAryoM evaM vidvAnoM Adi ke prati ahaMkAra chor3akara vinamratA pradarzita karate haiM - - 26 yaha bhAvanA - uttama sadA, bhAUM sunau jinarAya jI / tuma kRpAnAtha anAtha dyAnata, dayA karanI nyAya jI / / kavi dyAnatarAya prakANDa vidvAna evaM vyAkaraNa ke pAThI hokara bhI apanI vinamratA isa prakAra prakaTa karate haiM aura buddhimAnoM se kSamA karane tathA bhUla sudhArane kI prArthanA karate haiM piMgala na par3hayau nahIM dekhI nAmamAlA koU, vyAkaraNa kAvya Adi eka nAhiM paDhyau hai / Agama kI chAyA laikaiM apanI sakati sAra sailI ke prabhAva setI svara koTa gaDhyau haiM / acchara aratha chaMda jahA~ jahA~ bhaMga hoya, tahA~ tahA~ lIjai sodha gyAna jinheM baDhyau hai; vItarAga zuti kIjai sAdharamI saMga lIjai, Agama sunIjai pIjai gyAnarasa kaTyau hai / / (11) mRdubhASI - dyAnatarAya vinamra hone ke sAtha-sAtha mRdubhASI bhI 27

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8 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA (12) vicArazIla-dyAnatarAya eka vicArazIla vyakti the; ve yogya aura ayogya kA vicAra karake hI koI kArya karate the; tattva carcA aura tattva nirNaya ke sambandha meM bhI ve vicAra kara nirNaya karane kI bAta kahate haiN| unhoMne apane padoM dvArA saMsArI jIvoM ko saMsAra kI asAratA para viveka-vicAra karane ko prerita kiyA hai| jaisA ki unhoMne likhA hai tU to samajha-samajha re bhAI! nizidina viSaya bhoga lapaTAnA, dharama vacana na suhaaii|| isI prakAra pratikUlatAoM meM bhI manuSya ko kaisA viveka-vicAra karanA cAhie, usake lie ve likhate haiM ki - kAhe ko socata ati bhArI re mn|| kaahe|| pUraba karamana kI thita bAMdhI, so to Tarata na ttaarii|| kaahe|| saba darabani kI tIna kAla kI, vidhi nyArI kI nyaarii| kevalajJAna virSe pratibhAsI, so-so dvai hai saarii|| kaahe|| (13) dhArmika-dyAnatarAya kA jIvana atyanta dhArmika thaa| unake anusAra mAnava jIvana kI sArthakatA dharma ko AtmasAt kara dhArmika banane meM hI hai| dharma prApti ke liye hiMsAdi (hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla, parigraha Adi) kA tyAga Avazyaka hai| sAtha hI madya-mAMsa se bacAva evaM para nindA aura Atma prazaMsA kA tyAga bhI jarUrI hai| deva pUjA Adi SaTkarmoM kA pAlana evaM sAdhu-puruSoM kI saMgati bhI dhArmika citta ke lie anivArya hai| sacce deva-zAstra-guru, dharma Adi ko jAnakara una para zraddhAna karanA, unake batAe mArga para calanA pratyeka dhArmika vyakti kA kartavya hai| jaisA ki dyAnatarAyajI ne likhA hai - re mana! bhaja-bhaja dIna dayAla / / re mana / / jAke nAma leta ika china maiM, kaRs koTa adhajAla / / re mn|| parama brahma paramezvara svAmI, dekheM hota nihaal| sumarana karata parama sukha pAvata, sevata bhAjai kaal|| re mana / / indra phanindra cakradhara gAveM, jAko nAma rsaal| jAko nAma jJAna parakAsai, nAzai mithyaajaal|| re mn|| jAke nAma samAna nahIM kachu, Uradha madhya paataal| soI nAma japo nita 'dyAnata' chAMr3i viSaya vikarAla / / re mn||"

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 9 (14) hiMsA evaM vaira ke virodhI- kavivara dyAnatarAya hiMsA evaM vaira ke virodhI the; isIlie unhoMne apanI racanAoM meM chaha kAya ke jIvoM para dayA rakhane kI bAta kI hai, ve chahakAya ke jIvoM kI hiMsA kA niSedha karate hue likhate haiM ki - ve te cau iMdrI trividha, paraja aparaja albdh| vikalatraikai bheda nava, hiMsA karai niSiddha / / 8|| isI prakAra jJAnI jIvoM dvArA pAlI jAne vAlI ahiMsA kI carcA karate hue likhate haiM ki - ..... jJAnI jIva dayA nita pAlaiM / / jnyaanii|| . . . Arambhasa~ paraghAta hota hai, krodha ghAta nija ttaaleN|| jnyaanii|| hiMsA tyAgI dayAlu kahAvai, jalai kaSAya badana meN| bAhira tyAgI antara dAgI, pahu~ce naraka sadana meN|| jnyaanii|| isI taraha ve vaira bhAva ko saMsAra duHkha kA kAraNa tathA maitrI bhAva ko sukha kA kAraNa mAnate hue vaira chor3akara mitratA karane kA upadeza dete haiM - pIDai duSTa aneka, bA~dha mAra bahuvidhi kreN|| . dhariye chimA viveka, kopa na kIjai piitmaa|| uttama chimA gaho re bhAI, iha-bhava jasa para bhava sukhdaaii| gAlI suni mana kheda na Ano, guna ko auguna kahai ayaano|| kahi hai ayAno vastu chInai, bA~dha mAra bahuvidhi krai| ghara nai nikArai tana vidArai, vaira jo na tahA~ dhrai|| te karama pUraba kiye khoTe, sahai kyoM nahiM jiiyraa| ati krodha-agani bujhAya prAnI, sAmya-jala le sIyarA / / * dyAnatarAya kI dRSTi meM manuSya jIvana kI sArthakatA dharma pAlana karane meM hai| binA dhArmika kRtyoM ke mAnava jIvana vyartha ga~vAnA ThIka nahIM hai| mAnava zarIra ke pratyeka aMga kI sArthakatA dharma sevana evaM usake nimittabhUta jinakathA ke zravaNa, paThana, kathana Adi meM hI hai| isa prakAra dyAnatarAya kA brAhya vyaktitva arthAt zArIrika saMgaThana ajJAta hai, parantu unakI racanAoM dvArA unake Antarika vyaktitva arthAt mAnasika sthiti Adi kA jJAna bhalIbhA~ti ho jAtA hai| unake Antarika vyaktitva ko samajhane ke lie unakI kRtiyoM meM AI huI uparyukta ve sabhI paMktiyA~ sahAyaka haiM jinameM unake manobhAvoM evaM vicAroM kI jhalaka milatI hai|

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA kavi dyAnatarAya kI racanAoM ke avalokana se jJAta hotA hai ki kavi mahAna vidvAna, pravacanakAra, samAdhAnakartA, bhakta, guNAnurAgI, adhyAtmarasika, nirabhimAnI, vinamra, miSTabhASI, jijJAsu, dhairyavAna, dhArmika, naitika, sadAcArI, virakta evaM AtmonmukhI vRttivAle mahApuruSa hai| unake vyaktitva meM aneka guNa parilakSita hote haiM / ve samasta guNa unako sAmAnya vyaktitva se uThAkara asAmAnya mahApuruSa ke pada para pratiSThita karate haiM / mahAna vyaktitva ko lie hue mahAkavi dyAnatarAya jahA~ eka ora dhArmika aura naitika AdarzoM kI bAta karate haiM, vahA~ dUsarI ora sAmAjika burAiyoM aura durbalatAoM para bhI karArI coTa karate haiN| ve tatkAlIna samAja meM vyApta juA, mAMsabhakSaNa, madyapAna, vezyAgamana, parastrIsevana, cauryavRtti, AkheTa evaM pazu bali Adi ke doSa nirUpita karate haiM tathA samAja meM vyApta IrSyA, dveSa, chala, prapaMca, hiMsA Adi ko chor3ane evaM prema, saralatA ahiMsA Adi ko apanAne para bala dete haiM / kavi dyAnatarAya kA jIvana dhArmika, naitika evaM sadAcArayukta thA / ve Atmahita ke prati satat jAgarUka the| unameM AdhyAtmika cetanA unnata thI / apanI AdhyAtmika samunnata cetanA ko unhoMne apanI racanAoM meM sarvatra sthAna diyA hai| 1 10 niSkarSa rUpa meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki dyAnatarAyajI jinadeva, jinazAstra, jinaguru evaM jinadharma se prabhAvita the aura ina sabase prabhAvita hokara hI unhoMne jinAgama kI AmnAya anusAra samasta racanAe~ kI haiM / sandarbha sUcI 1. dyAnatarAya kRta dazalakSaNa pUjana 2. dyAnatarAya saMgraha, pada- 90 3. pUraNa paMcAsikA, pada-38 4. pUraNa paMcAsikA, pada- 32 5. pUraNa paMcAsikA, pada- 38 6. upadeza zataka, pada- 40 7. dharma vilAsa, prazasti, pada- 30 8. dharmavilAsa prazasti- 39 9. pUraNa paMcAsikA, pada- 33 * 10. pUraNa paMcAsikA, pada- 36 11. anekAnta patrikA, pRSTha 240 12. jaina grantha bhaNDAra, jayapura, e. DI. nAgaura, pR. 11

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11 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 13. pUraNa paMcAsikA, pada-36 14. jaina kavi dyAnatarAya kA bhakti kAvya, DaoN. bijendra siMha 15. pUraNa paMcAsikA, pada-40 16. dyAnatarAya kRta dyAnata vilAsa, pRSTha-17, pada-39 17. dyAnata vilAsa, pRSTha-21, pada-48 18. caracAzataka, pRSTha-167, zloka-70 19. dyAnatarAya kRta caracAzataka, pRSTha-16, pada-8 20. dravyAdi caubIsa paccIsI, pada-25 21. subodha paMcAsikA, pada-192 22. dyAnatarAya kRta dyAnatavilAsa, pada-2 23. dyAnatarAya kRta deva-zAstra-guru pUjana dyAnatarAya kRta samyakcAritra pUjana 25. dyAnatarAya kRta chahaDhAlA, dUsarI DhAla-13 26. dyAnatarAya kRta dharma-cAha gIta 27. dyAnatarAya kRta upadezaka zataka, pada-119 dyAnatarAya kRta, dAna bAvanI, 27 29. dyAnatarAya kRta, dhAnata-pada saMgraha 30. dyAnatarAya kRta, dyAnata-pada saMgraha, pada 8 31. dyAnatarAya kRta, dyAnatavilAsa, pada-67 32. cAra sau chaha jIva samAsa / 33. dyAnatarAya kRta, dyAnatapada saMgraha, pada-83 34. dyAnatarAya kRta, dazalakSaNa pUjana (lobha mahAduHkhadAI) jiya ko lobha mahAduHkhadAI, jAkI zobhA baranI na jaaii| lobha karai mUrakha saMsArI, chAMDai paNDita ziva adhikArI / / taji gharavAsa phirai vana mAMhIM, kanaka kAminI chAMDai naahiiN|| loka rijhAvana ko vrata lInA, vrata na hoya ThagaI sA kiinaa|| lobhavazAt jIva hata DArai, jhUTha bola corI cita dhaarai| nAri gahai parigRha visatArai, pAMca pApakara naraka sighaarai|| jogI jI gRhI vanavAsI, vairAgI sAdhU sNnyaasii| ajasa khAna jasakI nahiM rekhA, 'dyAnata' jinakai lAbha vishessaa||

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dvitIya adhyAya dyAnatarAya kA kartRtva (ka) racanAoM kA vargIkaraNa evaM paricayAtmaka anuzIlana kavivara dyAnatarAya AdhyAtmika koTi ke sukavi the| unhoMne jinadeva, jinaguru, jinazAstra aura jinadharma se prabhAvita hokara sAhitya kA sRjana kiyaa| unameM prAyaH sabhI racanAe~ vibhinna saMsthAoM dvArA prakAzita haiN| unakI mukhya kRti dyAnatavilAsa meM choTI-bar3I sabhI racanAyeM A jAtI haiM, jisakA prakAzana zrI jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, mumbaI dvArA huA hai| jisakA prathama prakAzana pharabarI, 1914 meM huA thaa| dyAnatavilAsa kI vizeSatA meM jaina pustaka bhavana, kalakattA se prakAzita dyAnatavilAsa pustaka kI prastAvanA meM kahA gayA hai ki unakI dyAnatavilAsa nAma kI eka vizAla racanA upalabdha hai, jisameM unakI choTI-bar3I samasta racanAe~ saMgrahIta haiN| usakI racanA AgarA meM Arambha huI aura dillI meM 1770 meM samApta huii|' unakI anya kRti caracAzataka prakAzita hai, jisakA prakAzana alaga-alaga jaina saMsthAoM ne kiyA hai| carcAzataka vI. ni. saM. 2482 meM sarasvatI bhaNDAra curukoM kA rAstA, jayapura se prakAzita hai| unakI sabhI AdhyAtmika pUjaneM jinendra-arcanA evaM vRhad jinavANI saMgraha meM saMgrahita haiM. jo ki 'akhila bhAratIya jaina yuvA phaiDarezana, jayapura' dvArA prakAzita hai| . unakI kRti dyAnatavilAsa kA sampAdana zrI nAthUrAma premI ne kiyA thA evaM unhoMne zrI jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, mumbaI se prakAzita krvaayaa| jisameM dyAnatarAya ke padoM kA saMgraha jisakA nAma jaina pada-saMgraha (cauthA bhAga), prAkRta dravyasaMgraha kA padyAnuvAda, caracAzataka Adi haiN| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki prAyaH unakI sabhI kRtiyoM kA prakAzana huA hai| unakI kRti dyAnatavilAsa kI hastalikhita prati mujhe bar3e dIvAnajI kA mandira, jayapura se prApta huI, jisakI chAyAprati yahA~ udAharaNa svarUpa prastuta hai| ' kAvya ke bhedoM meM jAyeM to hindI kAvya zAstroM meM kAvya ke do bheda milate haiM - 1. gadya kAvya evaM 2. padya kAvya / dyAnatarAyajI kI koI bhI kRti gadya meM upalabdha nahIM hai| unakA

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 13 sampUrNa sAhitya padyAtmaka hai / padya meM bhI mukta kAvya hI milatA hai| mukta kAvya ke antargata - dravyAdi caubola - paccIsI, viveka-bIsI, sukhabattIsI, jJAnadazaka, dazabola-paccIsI, jinaguNamAla - saptamI, samAdhimaraNa bhASA, tithi - SoDazI, yati- bhAvanASTaka, vartamAna - caubIsI - dazaka, adhyAtmapaMcAsikA, AThagaNa-chanda, dharmacAha - gIta, AdinAtha - stuti, jugala - AratI, vANIsaMkhyA, SaDguNI - hAni - vRddhi, akSarabAvanI, palla paccIsI, saradhA - cAlIsI, bhaktidazaka, darzana - dazaka, dharmarahasya - bAvanI, dazasthAna - caubIsI, ekIbhAvastotra - bhASA, svayaMbhUstotra - bhASA, pArzvanAthastavana, stutibArasI, AratI - dazaka, upadeza - zataka, subodha - paMcAsikA, dharma-paccIsI, vyasanatyAga - SoDaza, dAna- bAvanI, vyauhAra - paccIsI, AlocanApATha, zikSA - paMcAsikA, sajjanaguNa - dazaka, neminAtha - bahattara, vairAgya - chattIsI, vajradanta-kathA, AgamavilAsa, dyAnatavilAsa, caracA - zataka, bhAvanA stotra pada - saMgraha Adi Ate haiN| yadyapi dyAnatarAya kI sampUrNa racanAoM ko khojane hetu rAjasthAna evaM uttarapradeza ke aneka zAstrabhaNDAroM ko dekhA gayA hai, aneka vidvAnoM se samparka kiyA gayA hai; carcAe~ kI gayI haiM, tathApi bhaviSya meM dyAnatarAya kI anya kisI phuTakara racanA kI upalabdhatA se inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| caracAzataka - yaha sau padyoM kA karaNAnuyoga ko vyAkhyAyita karane vAlA muktaka kAvya hai / saMkhyA paraka kRtiyoM meM usameM Ane vAlI nizcita saMkhyA se kucha adhika padyoM ko racane kA pracalana rahA hai, jaise bihArI satasaI Adi / kavi dyAnatarAya ne bhI caracAzataka meM sau se adhika padya race haiM / caracAzataka kI kaI mudrita pratiyA~ dekhane meM AyI haiM, usameM sarasvatI bhaNDAra curukoM kA rAstA, jayapura, gItA devI vIracanda jaina, jUnApIThA, mena roDa, indaura - donoM hI pratiyoM meM 104 padya hI milate haiM / ataH 104 padya hI mAnya haiN| sarasvatI bhaNDAra, jayapura se prakAzita caracAzataka ke Amukha lekhana meM isakI prazaMsA meM likhA hai ki -- "caracAzataka dyAnatarAya kA suprasiddha grantha hai| sUtra rUpa se kisI bAta ko samajhAnA aura saralatama bhASA kA upayoga racanA ke mahattva ko dviguNita kara detA hai| tatkAlIna janatA ko isa grantharAja se avazya atyanta lAbha huA hogA; kyoMki kaThina se kaThina viSaya ko bhI unhoMne

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14 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA sArarUpa meM atyanta sundara va suvyavasthita rUpa meM likhA hai / ataH kaNThAgra karane meM bar3I suvidhA rahatI hai / Aja bhI aneka vyaktiyoM ko isake aMza yAda haiM, jo isakI lokapriyatA kA pramANa hai / " kama se kama zabda, sarala bhASA, manahara pada, chanda aura alaMkAroM ke sauSThava se yukta kavi kI yaha racanA jo apanA sAhityika mahattva rakhatI hai, vaha hindI sAhitya ke kaviyoM meM durlabha hai karaNAnuyoga ke zuSka evaM jaTila viSaya para lekhanI calAkara use saphalatA ke sAtha kavitAbaddha karane kA kavi kA sAhasa atyanta zlAghanIya hai / 1 caracAzataka meM sAhityika saundarya kI abhizrI mandAkinI taraMgita saritA kI bhA~ti niraMtara pravAhita pratIta hotI hai, sAtha hI isa abhinava abhivyakti ke pRSTha meM saiddhAntika tathya kA sudRr3ha gar3ha bhI hai| dhArmika mAnyatAyeM aura pUrvAcAryoM ke jJAnAloka meM jo pratibhAsita sAmagrI isameM hai, vaha Adhunika vijJAna ke yuga meM cAheM hamAre mastiSka meM na utare, tathApi isase isakA mahattva kama nahIM ho jAtA / yaha yuga vijJAna kA hai, AtmajJAna kA nhiiN| jisake abhAva meM mAnava ajJAna andhakAra meM DUba rahA hai| jo kucha isa pustaka meM hai, vaha vijJAna kI vastu nahIM, isake pare isakI pahu~ca ke bAhara kI hai| hamArI sasIma zaktivAlI A~kheM vahA~ taka nahIM pahu~ca sakatIM; ataeva Aja ke yuga meM yaha tarka kI apekSA zraddhA kI vastu adhika hai / 1 caracAzataka meM bhAratIya paramparA ke anurUpa maMgalAcaraNa se graMtharAja kA prAraMbha hotA hai / apane iSTa kI stuti ke dvArA kavi usakI viziSTatAoM kA varNana karatA hai / vaha lakSaNahIna iSTa nahIM maantaa| usake iSTa kA mApadaNDa eka kasauTI hai, jise vaha guNoM ke rUpa meM vyakta karatA hai aura usakI vandanA kara apanA kalyANa samajhatA hai / saMpUrNa lokAloka jinake jJAna meM jhalakatA hai aise zrI arahaMta ko namaskAra kara kavi loka- aloka kA varNana kramazaH karatA hai / unake ghanaphala svarUpa Adi para, 06 kAla, 14 guNasthAna, karmoM kI 148 prakRtiyA~, mAnuSottara parvata kA parimANa, 169 pradhAna puruSa, paMca tribhaMgI Adi viSayoM para prakAza DAlatA hai / 2 aMka gaNanA ke prakAra vaiziSTya ko samajhAte hue unhoMne 11 bheda kiye haiN| tIna loka ke akRtrima caityAlayoM aura ar3hAI dvIpa ke jyotiSa maMDala Adi kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| Ayu karma baMdha ke nau bheda, pramAda -

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15 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA ke bheda, guNasthAnoM ke gamanAgamana Adi viSayoM ko bhI kavi ne spaSTa kiyA hai| sAtoM naraka, solaha svarga, caurAsI lAkha yoniyA~, tiresaTha karma - prakRtiyA~, Asrava, udaya, udIraNA Adi kI eka tAlikA-sI dI hai, jo kavi ke asAdhAraNa jJAna evaM vidvattA kA paricAyaka hai| 104 padoM vAlI isa kRti meM pratyeka pada pRthak-pRthak viSaya ko liye hue haiM / isa taraha pratyeka chanda svayaM meM svataMtra evaM pUrNa hai tathA use kisI dUsare pUrvApara chaMda kI apekSA nahIM hai / zataka kI paraMparA ke anusAra zataka kAvya meM eka hI viSaya para eka hI jAti ke 100 yA usase adhika chaMda honA cAhie, parantu dyAnatarAya ke carcAzataka meM aisA nahIM hai; ataH use zataka kAvya na mAnakara praghaTTaka kAvya mAnanA cAhie / phira bhI kavi ke viSaya evaM varNana ke anusAra carcAzataka-zataka paramparA kI mahattvapUrNa kRti hai / upadeza zataka - yaha 121 padyoM kA stuti, nIti evaM vairAgya ko pradarzita karane vAlA mukta kAvya hai / isa kRti meM bhI dyAnatarAya ne 100 se adhika padya race haiN| isa kAvya meM pratyeka chanda svayaM meM svatantra evaM pUrNa hai tathA use kisI dUsare pUrvApara chanda kI apekSA nahIM hai| isameM dyAnatarAya ne jainadharma aura usase sambandhita stuti, nIti, upadeza evaM vairAgya Adi kA sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM die gae viSaya kA paricaya nimnAnusAra hai prathama chanda meM tIrthaMkara stuti phira cAra ananta catuSTaya sahita, cAra ghAtikarma rahita, cAra mukhavAle arahanta paramAtmA ko namana kiyA hai| isa prakAra kramazaH sarvajJa - paramAtmA, siddha bhagavAna, AdinAtha bhagavAna, darzana kI stuti, vartamAna caubIsI evaM sAdhuoM, paMca parameSThiyoM ke varNana meM 25 pada maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM likhe gaye haiM / - 26 se 29veM pada meM vyavahAra hitopadeza kA varNana kiyA hai| 30 se 34veM pada meM saMsAra kI asAratA kA varNana kiyA hai| 35veM zloka meM dharma kI mahimA kA varNana, 36 se 39veM pada meM apane svarUpa ko bhUlakara bhaTakane kI bAta kI gaI hai / 40 se 43veM pada meM dyAnatarAyajI ne apane duHkha kA varNana kiyA hai| 44 se 45veM pada meM upadeza diyA gayA hai| 46veM pada meM jIva ke vairI kA varNana evaM 47veM pada meM vaira dUra karane kA upAya batAyA hai| 48 se 49veM pada meM naraka - nigoda ke duHkha kA varNana evaM nigoda ke chattIsa kAraNoM kA varNana kiyA hai| 50 se 51veM pada meM naraka duHkha kA varNana, 52 se 53veM pada

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16 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA meM puNya-pApa kA varNana, 54 se 57veM pada meM mithyAdRSTi kA varNana kiyA hai| 58veM pada meM vItarAgastuti, 59veM pada meM dharma kA mahattva, 60veM pada meM punaH mithyAdRSTi-varNana, 61veM pada meM samyagdRSTi kI icchA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| ___ zeSa padoM meM vyavahAra samyaktva tathA nizcaya samyaktva kA varNana, udyama kA varNana, jJAnI cintavana, jJAnI kA bala varNana, mithyAtvAdi siddhaparyanta avasthAe~, sarvaguru-stuti, mUr3hadazA varNana, jIva kI pUrvadazA, jJAnavarNana, Sadravya kathana, navatattva svarUpa kA varNana, bIsa sthAnoM ke nAma, subuddhi vacana, jinastuti varNana, jIva ke nava dRSTAnta varNana, harSa-zokajaya mantra, jJAnI mahimA Adi aneka viSayoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| (kha) dyAnatarAya kA pUjA sAhityapUjana kA artha, AvazyakatA va mahattva devapUjA gurUpAsti svAdhyAyaH saMyamastapaH / dAnaM ceti gRhasthAnAM SaT karmANi dine dine|| devapUjA, guru-upAsanA, svAdhyAya, saMyama, tapa aura dAna-ye chaha Avazyaka kArya gahasthoM ko pratidina karanA caahie| yaha pAvana Adeza AcArya padmanaMdI kA hai| bhakti-"pUjA kA svarUpa darzAte hue AcArya aparAjita likhate haiM - ''kA bhaktipUjA? arhadAdiguNAnurAgo bhktiH| pUjA dviprakArA - . dravyapUjA bhAvapUjA ceti| gaMdhapuSpadhUpAkSatAdInAmarhadAdhuddizya dravyapUjA abhyuthAnapradakSiNIkaraNapraNamanAdikA kAyakriyA ca vAcA guNasaMstavanaM c| bhAvapUjA mnasA tdgunnaanusmrnnm|' dravyapUjA va bhAvapUjA ke saMbaMdha meM paMDita sadAsukhadAsajI likhate haiM - 'arahaMta ke pratibiMba kA vacana dvAra se stavana karanA, namaskAra karanA, tIna pradakSiNA denA, aMjuli mastaka car3hAnA, jala-caMdanAdika aSTa dravya car3hAnA; so dravyapUjA hai| arahaMta ke guNoM meM ekAgracitta hokara, anya samasta vikalpa chor3akara guNoM meM anurAgI honA tathA arahaMta ke pratibiMba kA dhyAna karanA; so bhAvapUjA hai| ukta kathana meM eka bAta atyaMta spaSTa rUpa se kahI gayI hai ki aSTa dravya se kI gayI pUjana to dravya pUjana hai hI, sAtha hI deva-zAstra-guru kI

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17 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA vaMdanA karanA, namaskAra karanA, pradakSiNA karanA, stuti karanA Adi kriyAe~ bhI dravyapUjana hai| isa sandarbha meM AcArya samantabhadra kA nimna kathana dRSTavya hai na pUjayArthastvayi vItarAge na nindayA nAtha vivAntavaire / tathApi te guNasmRtirnaH, punAti cittaM duritAjjanebhyaH / / yadyapi jinendra bhagavAna vItarAgI haiM; ataH unheM apanI pUjA se koI prayojana nahIM hai / vaira rahita haiM; ataH niMdA se bhI unheM koI prayojana nahIM hai / tathApi unake guNoM kA smaraNa pApiyoM ke pApa rUpa mala se malina mana ko nirmala kara detA hai / - kucha loga jina - pUjA ko prakArAMtara se bhoga sAmagrI se jor3a dete haiM, kintu ukta chaMda meM to atyaMta spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki unakI bhakti se bhakta kA mana nirmala ho jAtA hai / mana kA nirmala ho jAnA hI jinapUjA, jinabhakti kA saccA phala hai / jJAnIjana to azubhabhAva aura tIvra rAga se bacane ke lie hI bhakti karate haiM / isa saMdarbha meM AcArya amRtacaMdra kI nimnAMkita paMktiyA~ dRSTavya haiM - "ayaM hi sthUlalakSyatayA kevalabhaktipradhAnasyAjJAnino bhavati / uparitanabhUmikAyAmalabdhvAspadasyAsthAnarAganizedhArthaM tIvrarAgajvaravinodArthaM vA kadAcit jJAnino'pi bhavatIti / " isa prakAra kA rAga mukhya rUpa se mAtra bhakti kI pradhAnatA aura sthUla lakSya vAle ajJAniyoM ko hotA hai / ucca bhUmikA meM sthiti na ho to taba taka asthAna kA rAga rokane athavA tIvra rAgajvara miTAne ke hetu se kadAcit jJAniyoM ko bhI hotA hai / 10 ukta donoM kathanoM para dhyAna dene se yaha bAta spaSTa hotI hai ki AcArya amRtacaMdra to kusthAna meM rAga ke niSedha aura tIvra rAgajvara nivAraNa kI bAta kahakara nAsti se bAta karate haiM aura usI bAta ko AcArya samaMtabhadra citta kI nirmalatA kI bAta kahakara asti se kathana karate haiM / isa prakAra pUjana evaM bhakti kA bhAva mukhya rUpa se azubha rAga va tIvra rAga se bacAkara zubha rAga va maMda rAga rUpa nirmalatA pradAna karatA hai / yadyapi yaha bAta satya hai ki bhakti aura pUjana kA bhAva mukhya rUpa se zubha bhAva hai, tathApi jJAnI dharmAtmA mAtra zubha kI prApti ke lie pUjana - bhakti nahIM karatA / vaha

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18 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA jinendra kI mUrti ke mAdhyama se mUrtimAna jinendra deva ko evaM unake mAdhyama se nija paramAtma svabhAva ko jAna-pahacAna kara usI meM ramanA cAhatA hai| tiloyapaNNati Adi graMthoM meM samyaktvotpatti ke kAraNoM meM jinabiMba darzana ko bhI eka kAraNa batAyA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jinapUjA azubha bhAva se bacane ke sAtha-sAtha samyaktvotpatti, bhedavijJAna, AtmAnubhUti evaM vItarAgatA kI vRddhi meM bhI nimittabhUta haiN| stutiyoM aura bhajanoM kI nimna paMktiyoM se yaha bAta spaSTa hai - tuma guNa ciMtata nija para viveka prakaRs vighaTeM Apada aneka / jaya parama zAMta mudrA sameta bhavijana ko nija anubhUti het|" isa saMdarbha meM nimnAMkita bhajana kI paMktiyA~ bhI dRSTavya haiM - nirakhata jina caMdravadana svapada suruci aayii| prakaTI nija Ana kI pichAna jJAna bhAna kii| kalA udota hota kAma jAminI plaayii|12 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jinendra bhagavAna kA bhakta bhogoM kI vAMchA nahIM rakhatA hai, sAtha meM usakI bhAvanA mAtra zubhabhAva kI prApti kI bhI nahIM hotii| vaha to ekamAtra vItarAgabhAva kA hI icchuka hotA hai, tathApi use pUjana aura bhakti ke kAla meM sahaja hue zubhabhAvAnusAra puNyabaMdha bhI hotA hai aura tadanusAra AtmakalyANa ke nimittabhUta pAramArthika anukUlatAyeM va anya laukika anukUlatAyeM bhI prApta hotI haiN| pUjaka pUjA karate samaya vicAra karatA hai ki aho! maiM bhI to svabhAva se paramAtmA kI bhA~ti hI anaMta asIma zaktiyoM kA saMgrahAlaya hU~, anaMta guNoM kA godAma huuN| merA svarUpa bhI to siddha sadaza hI hai| maiM svabhAva kI sAmarthya se sadA bharapUra huuN| mujhameM paralakSyI jJAna ke kAraNa jo moha-rAga-dveSa ho rahe haiM, ve duHkha rUpa haiN| isa prakAra socate-vicArate usakA dhyAna jaba bhagavAna kI pUrva paryAyoM para jAtA hai, taba use khyAla AtA hai ki jaba zera jaisA krUra pazu bhI kAlAMtara meM paramAtmA bana sakatA hai to maiM kyoM nahIM bana sakatA? sabhI pUjya paramAtmA apanI pUrva paryAyoM meM to mere jaise hI pAmara the| jaba ve apane trikAlI svabhAva kA Azraya lekara paramAtmA bana gaye to maiM bhI apane svabhAva ke Azraya se pUrNatA aura pavitratA prApta kara paramAtmA bana . sakatA huuN|

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 19 isa prakAra kI cintanadhArA hI bhakta ko jinadarzana se nijadarzana karAtI hai-yahI Atmadarzana hone kI prakriyA hai, pUjana kI sArthaka prakriyA hai| yadyapi pUjA svayaM meM eka rAgAtmaka vRtti hai, tathApi vItarAga deva kI pUjA karate samaya pUjaka kA lakSya yadA-kadA apane vItarAga svabhAva kI ora bhI jhukatA hai| basa, yahI pUjA kI sarvotkRSTa upalabdhi hai| - pUjA meM zubharAga kI mukhyatA rahane se pUjaka azubharAgarUpa tIvrakaSAyAdi pApa pariNati se bacA rahatA hai tathA vItarAgI paramAtmA kI upAsanA se sAMsArika viSaya vAsanA ke saMskAra bhI kramazaH kSINa hote jAte haiM aura svabhAva-sanmukhatA kI ruci se Atmabala meM bhI vRddhi hotI hai; kyoMki ruci anuyAyI vIrya sphurita hotA hai| antatogatvA pUjA ke rAgabhAva kA bhI abhAva karake pUjaka vItarAga sarvajJa pada prApta kara svayaM pUjya ho jAtA hai| isI apekSA se jinavANI meM pUjA ko paramparA se mukti kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai|13 nizcaya pUjA nizcaya se to pUjya-pUjaka meM koI bheda hI dikhAI nahIM detaa| ataH isa dRSTi se to pUjA kA vyavahAra hI sambhava nhiiN| nizcayapUjA ke saMbaMdha meM AcAryoM ne vibhinna mantavya pragaTa kiye haiN| AcArya yogIndudeva likhate haiM - . maNu Namiliyayu paramesarahaM paramesararu vi mnnss| .. bIhi vi samarasi hubAha~ pUjja car3hAvahu kassa / / 14 vikalparUpa mana bhagavAna AtmA se mila gayA, tanmaya ho gayA aura paramezvara svarUpa bhagavAna AtmA bhI mana se mila gyaa| jaba donoM hI samarasa ho gaye to aba kauna kisakI pUjA kare? arthAt nizcayadRSTi se dekhane para pUjya-pUjaka kA bheda hI dikhAyI nahIM detA to kisako arghya car3hAyA jAye? isI taraha AcArya pUjyapAda likhate haiM - yaH parAtmA sa evA'haM yo'haM sa paramastataH / ahameva mayopAsyo nAnyaH kazciditi sthitiH / / 15 svabhAva se jo paramAtmA haiM, vahI maiM hU~ tathA jo svAnubhavagamya maiM hU~, vahI paramAtmA hai; isalie maiM hI mere dvArA upAsya hU~, dUsarA koI anya nhiiN| isI bAta ko kundakundAcArya ne abhedanaya se isaprakAra kahA hai - aruhA siddhAyariyA ujjhAyA sAhu paMca prmetttthii| te vi hu ciTThahi Ade tamhA AdA hu me saraNaM / / 16

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20 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA arahaMta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu-ye jo paMca parameSThI haiM, ve AtmA meM hI cetana rUpa haiM, AtmA kI hI avasthAyeM haiN| isalie mere AtmA hI kA mujhe zaraNa hai| . vyavahAra pUjA : bheda-prabheda . . dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva; pUjya-pUjaka, pUjA, nAma, sthApanA Adi tathA indra, cakravartI Adi dvArA kI jAne vAlI pUjA kI apekSA vyavahAra pUjana ke aneka bheda-prabheda haiN| pUjA ko dravyapUjA evaM bhAvapUjA meM vibhAjita karate hue AcArya amitagati upAsakAcAra meM likhate haiM vaco vigrahasaMkoco dravyapUjA nigadyate / tatra mAnasasaMkoco bhAvapUjA puraatnaiH||" "vacana aura kAya ko anya vyApAroM se haTAkara stutya (upAsya) ke prati ekAgra karane ko dravyapUjA kahate haiM aura mana kI nAnA prakAra se vikalpajanita vyagratA ko dUra karake use dhyAna tathA guNa cintanAdi dvArA stutya meM lIna karane ko bhAvapUjA kahate haiN|" AcArya amitagati ne amitagati zrAvakAcAra meM evaM AcArya vasunandi ne vasunandi zrAvakAcAra meM dravya pUjA ke nimnAMkita tIna bheda kiye haiM - 1. sacitta pUjA 2. acitta pUjA aura 3. mizra puujaa| sacitta pUjA-pratyakSa upasthita samavazaraNa meM virAjamAna jinendra bhagavAna aura nirgrantha guru kA yathAyogya pUjana karanA sacitta pUjA hai| acitta pUjA-tIrthaMkara ke zarIra (pratimA) kI aura dravyazruta kI pUjana karanA acitta dravya pUjA hai| mizra pUjA-uparyukta donoM prakAra kI pUjA mizra dravya pUjA hai| sacitta phalAdi se pUjana karane vAloM ko uparyukta kathana para vizeSa dhyAna denA caahie| isameM atyanta spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki sacittatA sAmagrI kI nahIM, ArAdhya kI honA caahie| sacitta mAne sAkSAt sazarIra jinendra bhagavAna aura acitta mAne unakI prtimaa| mahApurANa meM dravyapUjA ke pA~ca prakAra batAye haiN| - 1. sadArcana (nityamaha) 2. caturbhuja 3. kalpadruma 4. ASTAhnika 5. aindrdhvj|

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 21 (1) sadArcana pUjA - ise nityamaha pUjA yA nitya niyama pUjA bhI kahate haiM / yaha cAra prakAra se kI jAtI hai / ka) apane ghara se aSTa dravya le jAkara jinAlaya meM jinendra deva kI karanA / pUjA karanA / kha) jina pratimA va jinamandira kA nirmANa karAnA / ga) dAnapatra likhakara grAma-kheta Adi kA dAna denA / gha) munirAjoM ko AhAra denA / (2) caturmukha pUjA (sarvatobhadra pUjA) - mukuTabaddha rAjAoM dvArA mahApUjA (3) kalpadruma pUjA - cakravartI rAjA dvArA kimicchika dAna dene ke sAtha jinendra bhagavAna kA pUjotsava karanA / (4) ASTAnika pUjA - aSTAnikA parva meM sarva sAdhAraNa ke dvArA pUjA kA Ayojana karanA / (5) aindradhvaja pUjA - yaha pUjA indroM dvArA kI jAtI hai / uparyukta pA~ca prakAra kI pUjanoM meM hama loga sAmAnya jana pratidina kevala sadArcana (nityamaha) kA 'ka' bhAga hI karate haiN| zeSa pUjA bhI yathA avasara yathAyogya vyaktiyoM dvArA kI jAtI hai / vasunandi zrAvakAcAra meM nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ke bheda se dravyapUjA ke chaha bheda kahe haiN| nAma pUjA-arahantAdi kA nAma uccAraNa karake vizuddha pradeza meM jo puSpa kSepaNa kiye jAte haiM, vaha nAmapUjA hai| sthApanA pUjA - yaha do prakAra kI hai - sadbhAva sthApanA aura asadbhAva sthaapnaa| AkAravAna vastu meM arahantAdi ke guNoM kA AropaNa karanA sadbhAva sthApanA hai tathA akSatAdi meM apanI buddhi se yaha parikalpanA karanA ki yaha amuka devatA hai, asadbhAva sthApanA hai| asadbhAva sthApanA mUrti kI upasthiti meM nahIM kI jAtI / dravya pUjA - arahantAdi ko gandha, puSpa, akSatAdi samarpita karanA tathA uThakara khar3e honA, namaskAra karanA, pradakSiNA denA Adi zArIrika kriyAoM tathA vacanoM se stavana karanA dravya pUjA hai /

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA bhAva pUjA - parama bhakti se ananta catuSTayAdi guNoM ke kIrtana dvArA trikAla vandanA karanA nizcaya bhAvapUjA hai| paMca namaskAra mantra kA jApa karanA tathA jinendra kA stavana arthAt guNasmaraNa karanA hI bhAvapUjA hai tathA piNDastha padastha Adi cAra prakAra ke dhyAna ko bhI bhAvapUjA kahA gayA hai| kSetra pUjA - tIrthaMkaroM kI paMcakalyANaka bhUmi meM sthita tIrtha kSetroM kI pUrvokta prakAra se pUjA karanA kSetra pUjA hai| 22 kAla pUjA-tIrthaMkaroM kI paMcakalyANaka tithiyoM ke anusAra pUjana karanA tathA pUrva ke dinoM meM vizeSa pUjAyeM karanA kAla pUjA hai| 18 dyAnatarAyajI ne vibhinna viSayoM para aneka pUjaneM likhI haiM, unhoMne pUjanoM ke mAdhyama se deva - zAstra - guru, dharma ke dazalakSaNa, ratnatraya, SoDazakAraNa, paMcameru, vidyamAna bIsa tIrthakara, sarasvatI arthAta jinavANI, nirvANa kSetra evaM nandIzvaradvIpa Adi viSayoM para AdhyAtmika evaM sAragarbhita pUjanoM kI racanA kI hai| unakI pUjanoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana nIceM prastuta hai - (1) caubIsa tIrthaMkara pUjA- isameM AdinAtha se lekara mahAvIra taka caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI saMyukta rUpa meM arcanA kI gayI hai| pUjana kI sthApanA meM kavi ne caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM kA nAma lekara namana kiyA hai - -- vRSabha ajita sambhava abhinandana sumati padma supArzva jinarAya / candra puhupa zItala zreyAMsa jina vAsupUjya pUjita surarAya / / vimala ananta dharma jasa ujjvala zAnti kunthu ara malli manAya / munisuvrata nami nemi pArzva prabhu vardhamAna pada puSpa car3hAya || 20 dyAnatarAya kI pUjanoM meM geyatA, layatA vidyamAna hai, jisake phalasvarUpa ye pUjaneM Aja bhI jaina bhaktoM ko kaNThAgra haiM / isa pUjana kI jayamAlA ke antima pada meM kavi ne caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ko mukti ke dAtAra kahA hai va jo bhI unako hRdaya meM dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha avazya ziva (mokSa) ko prApta karatA hai / (2) dazalakSaNa pUjA yA bhAdrapada pUjA - dazalakSaNa kA tAtparya dazadharmoM se hai| inheM dazadharmoM ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| ve daza dharma nimna haiM - uttamakSamAmArdavArjavaSaucasatyasaMyamatapastyAgAkiMcanyabrahmacaryANi dharmaH |21 arthAt uttama kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, zauca, satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga,

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 23 akiMcanya aura brahmacarya-ye daza dharma haiN| - ina dazadharmoM ke svarUpa ko dyAnatarAya dvArA dazalakSaNa pUjA meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| isa pUjana kI sthApanA meM unhoMne dazadharmoM ke nAma ginAye haiM - uttama chimA mAradava Arjava bhAva haiN| satya zauca saMyama tapa tyAga upAva haiM / / AkiMcana brahmacarya dharama daza sAra haiN| .. cahu~gati duHkhate kAr3hi mukati karatAra haiN|| yaha pUjana anya pUjanoM kI apekSA vRhad hai; kyoMki isameM aMga pUjA ko bhI samAhita kiyA gayA hai| dazoM dharmoM ke pRthak-pRthak arghya diye gaye haiN|2 (3) ratnatraya pUjA-jainadarzana meM tIna ratna mAne gaye haiN| ve haiM - smygdrshn-jnyaan-caaritr| cUMki ye mokSamArga haiM; ataH inheM ratna kahA jAtA hai| samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra kI stuti va mahattva ko pratipAdita karane ke lie hI dyAnatarAyajI ne ratnatraya pUjA ko likhaa| isa pUjana meM prArambha meM sthApanA kA pada hai| pazcAt ATha arghya ke aSTaka haiM, jo ki soraThA chanda meM likhe gaye haiN| usake bAda prathama samyagdarzana pUjana hai, jisameM samyagdarzana ke ATha aMgoM ko pUjane kI bAta kI gayI hai| isakI jayamAlA meM samyagdarzana ke paccIsa doSoM kI bAta isa prakAra kahI gayI hai Apa Apa nihacai lakhai, tattva prIti vyvhaar| rahita doSa paccIsa haiM, sahita aSTa gunasAra / / 24 __ pazcAt samyagjJAna pUjana meM samyagjJAna ke pA~ca bheda kA varNana kara ATha aryoM ke pada haiM va anta meM jayamAlA meM ATha prakAra ke samyagjJAna kA varNana kiyA hai| samyakcAritra pUjana meM sthApanA kA pada dohA chanda meM hai, pazcAt arghya soraThA chanda meM likhe haiN| jayamAlA caupAI mizrita gItA chanda meM nibaddha hai| anta meM samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra kI samuccaya jayamAlA hai, jo ki dohA va caupAI meM likhI gayI hai| (4) solahakAraNa pUjA-darzanavizuddhi Adi ko solahakAraNa kahA

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24 . kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA jAtA hai, kyoMki ye bhAva tIrthaMkara prakRti ke baMdha ke kAraNa haiN| solahakAraNa nimna haiM-'darzanavizuddhi, vinayasaMpannatA, zIlavrateSvanaticAra, abhIkSNajJAnopayoga, saMvega, zaktistyAga, tapa, sAdhusamAdhi, vaiyAvRtyakaraNa, arhadbhakti, AcAryabhakti, bahuzrutabhakti, pravacanabhakti, AvazyakA-parihANi, mArgaprabhAvanA aura pravacanavAtsalya / "25 ___dyAnatarAya ne bhI solaha kAraNa pUjana kI sthApanA meM solaha kAraNa ko tIrthaMkara prakRti kA kAraNa mAnA hai - solahakAraNa bhAya tIrthakara je bhaye / harase indra apAra meru pai le gaye / / pUjA kari nija dhanya lakhauM bahu cAva sauN| hamahU~ SoDaza kAraNa bhAvai bhAva sauM / / 26 ina solaha kAraNa bhAvanAoM ko dhyAne se mokSaphala kI prApti batAte hue dyAnatarAyajI ne likhA hai - ehI-solaha bhAvanA, sahita dharai vrata joy| deva indra nara vandya pada, 'dyAnata' ziva pada hoy|| (5) paMcameru pUjana-paMcameru pUjana meM dyAnatarAyajI ne paMcameru para sthita assI jinacaityAlayoM meM virAjita jina pratimAoM kI stuti kI hai tIrthaMkaroM ke nhavana jalateM bhaye tIratha srvdaa| tAtai pradacchana deta suragana paMcameruna kI sdaa| do jaladhi DhAI dvIpa meM saba ganata mUla viraajhiiN| pUjauM asI jinadhAma pratimA hohiM sukha, dukha bhaajhiiN|| isa pUjana meM aSTaka caupAI A~calIbaddha chanda meM likhita hai tathA jayamAlA besarI chanda meM likhita hai| jayamAlA ke antima pada meM ghAnatarAya ne paMcameru kI AratI ko par3hane sunane se hone vAle mahAsukha kI carcA kI hai - paMcameru kI AratI, par3he sune jo koy| 'dyAnata' phala jAne prabhu, turata mahAsukha hoya / / . (6) deva-zAstra-guru pUjA - isa pUjana meM deva-zAstra-guru kI stuti kI gayI hai| deva-zAstra-guru stuti meM dyAnatarAyajI ne likhA hai ki ... prathama deva arahanta suzruta siddhAnta jU / : guru niragrantha mahanta mukatipura pantha jU / /

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kavivara dhAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 25 tIna ratana jagamAhiM su ye * bhavi dhyaaiye| . ..... tinakI bhakti * prasAda parama pada pAiye / / 28. isa pUjana ke aSTaka dohA evaM harigItikA chanda meM likhe gaye haiM evaM jayamAlA paddhari chanda meM hai| ... (7) vidyamAna bIsa tIrthaMkara pUjA-dyAnatarAyajI kI yaha pUjana videhakSetra meM vidyamAna trikAlavartI bIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti ke lie hai| ve bIsa tIrthaMkara nimna haiM-zrI sImandhara, yugamandhara, bAhu, subAhu, saMjAtaka, svayaMprabha, vRSabhAnana, anantavIrya, sUraprabha, vizAlakIrti, vajradhara, candrAnana, bhadrabAhu, bhujaMgama, Izvara, nemiprabha, vIrasena, mahAbhadra, devayaza aura ajitavIrya / 20 : - isa pUjana meM bhI paddhati anusAra sthApanA chanda, aSTaka evaM jayamAlA hai| jayamAlA caupAI chanda meM likhI gayI hai| (8) sarasvatI pUjana-dhAnatarAyajI kI yaha pUjana jinavANI kI stuti meM likhI gayI hai| jinavANI kI stuti karate hue pUjana kI sthApanA meM likhA hai - janama jarA mRtuM kSaya karai, harai kunaya jar3a riiti| bhava sAgara sauM le tirai, pUjai jinavaca prIti / / 30 * isa pUjana meM jinavANI kI stuti paraka aSTaka likhe gaye haiM va . jayamAlA meM jinavANI ke bAraha aMgoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| pUjana kI. sthApanA meM dohA va aSTaka meM tribhaMgI chanda kA prayoga kiyA. hai.| jayamAlA soraThA va caupAI chanda meM likhI gayI hai| .. (7) zrI nirvANa kSetra pUjana-dyAnatarAyajI ne isa pUjana meM nirvANa . kSetroM ko pUjA hai| jina-jina sthAnoM se tIrthaMkara va anya muni mokSa gaye haiM, una-una kSetroM ko dhanya mAnate hue unakI stuti kI gayI hai| ve kSetra nimna sammeda zikhara, giranAra, campApura, pAvApura evaM kailAza parvata / jaisA ki pUjanaM kI paMktiyoM meM bhI varNita hai zuci kSIra dadhi sama nIra niramala kanaka jhArI meM bharauM / saMsAra pAra utAra svAmI, jor3a kara vinatI karauM / / samme dagar3ha giranAra campA pAvApurI kailAza kauN|

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26 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA pUjauM sadA caubIsa jina nirvANa bhUmi nivAsa kauM / / 31 pUjana kI sthApanA kA pada soraThA chanda kA va aSTaka gItA chanda ke haiN| jayamAlA soraThA va caupAI chanda meM likhI gayI hai / (10) nandIzvara pUjana - nandIzvara pUjana meM nandIzvara dvIpa kI stuti kI gayI hai| yaha pUjana jaina parva aSTAnikA meM kI jAtI hai / deva gaNa to sAkSAt nandIzvara dvIpa meM jAkara vahA~ virAjita jinapratimAoM kI pUjana karate haiM, kintu manuSya vahA~ jAne meM asamartha haiM; kyoMki manuSya mAnuSottara parvata taka hI jA sakate haiM / mAnuSottara parvata ke Age sirpha deva hI jA sakate haiM; ataH manuSya aSTAnikA ke dinoM meM nandIzvara pUjana kara vahA~ virAjita jinapratimAoM kI stuti karate haiN| jaisA ki dyAnatarAya ne sthApanA ke chanda meM ullekha kiyA hai saraba paraba meM bar3o aThAI paraba hai / nandIzvara sura jAhiM leya vasu daraba hai / / hameM sakati so nAhIM ihA~ kari thApanA / pUjaiM jinagRha pratimA hai hita ApanA / / 2 isa pUjana meM sthApanA kA pada aDilla chanda meM va aSTaka avatAra chanda meM likhe gaye haiM / jayamAlA dohA evaM soraThA chanda meM likhI gayI hai / vibhinna phuTakara racanAe~ - ( muktaka kAvya ) vinatiyA~ -dyAnatarAya ne ArAdhanA pATha vinatI zailI meM likhA hai, jo ki vRhad jinavANI saMgraha pustaka meM saMgrahIta hai / vinatI ke anunaya, vinaya, namratA Adi aneka artha haiN| isameM zraddheya ke prati viziSTa sammAna prakaTa karate hue apane aparAdhoM kI kSamA mA~gI jAtI hai aura ArAdhya ke prati namratA bhI prakaTa kI jAtI hai| yaha mUlataH kavi kI bhAvAbhivyakti hotI hai| stotra sAhitya - pratyeka dharma meM bhakta apane hRdaya kI bAteM bhagavAna ke sAmane prakaTa karane tathA unakI mahimA ke varNana meM apane komala tathA bhakti pUrita hRdaya kI jitanI dInatA tathA komalatA kA aura bhagavAna kI udAratA kA paricaya diyA hai / vaha sacamuca upamAtIta hai / hamArA bhakta kavi kabhI bhagavAna kI divya vibhUtiyoM ke darzana se cakita ho uThatA hai to kabhI bhagavAna ke vizAla hRdaya, asIma anukampA aura dInajanoM para akAraNa sneha

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 27 kI gAthA gAtA huA AtmavismRta ho uThatA hai| ___apane pUrva karmoM kI ora jaba vaha dRSTi DAlatA hai, taba usakI kSudratA use becaina banA DAlatI hai| baccA jisa prakAra apanI mAtA ke pAsa manacAhI vastu ke na milane para kabhI rotA hai, kabhI ha~satA hai aura AtmavizvAsa kI mastI meM vaha kabhI nAca uThatA hai| ThIka yahI dazA hamAre bhakta kaviyoM kI hai| ve apane iSTa devatA ke sAmane apane hRdaya ke kholane meM kisI prakAra kI AnAkAnI nahIM krte| ve apane hRdaya kI dInatA tathA dayanIyatA ko komala zabdoM meM prakaTa kara saccI bhAvukatA kA paricaya dete haiN| inhIM guNoM ke kAraNa ina bhaktoM ke dvArA viracita stotroM meM bar3I mohakatA hai, citta ko pighalA dene kI bhArI zakti hai| saMgIta kA puTa mila jAne para inakA prabhAva bahuta hI adhika bar3ha jAtA hai| - kisI devatA kA chandobaddha svarUpa kathana yA guNa kIrtana athavA stavana stotra kahalAtA hai|* dyAnatarAya ne tIna stotra likhe haiM jinameM eka pArzvanAtha stotra mUlarUpa meM evaM svayaMbhU stotra aura ekIbhAva stotra bhASAnuvAda hai| (1) pArzvanAtha stotra-pArzvanAtha kI stuti meM racita yaha stotra stotra paramparA kI mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| isameM teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI stuti kI gayI hai| yaha stotra nau bhujaMgaprayAta chandoM aura eka dohe meM nibaddha hai| yaha sarala hindI meM racA huA hai| isameM bhASA kI saMskRtaniSThatA maujUda hai| DaoN. prema sAgara jaina ke anusAra isameM stotra evaM stuti kA milA-julA rUpa milatA hai| kavi ne isakI racanA karake stotra kI navya aura vikasita paramparA meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyA hai| (2) svayaMbhU stotra bhASA-yaha svayaMbhU stotra kA dezabhASA meM anuvAda hai| yaha anuvAda svayaMbhU stotra kI saMskRta bhASA evaM bhAva ke anusAra hI huA hai| isa racanA meM caubIsa caupAI aura eka dohA chanda hai| antima dohA chanda jisameM dyAnatarAya dvArA caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti kI gaI hai| yaha stotra prakAzita aura hastalikhita donoM rUpoM meM upalabdha hai| isameM tIrthaMkaroM kI vandanA kI gaI hai| jaisA ki stotra ke antima pada meM kahA hai caubIsoM pada kamala juga, vandau mana vaca kaay| 'dyAnata' par3he sunai sadA so prabhu kyauM na suhAya / / 38

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA ( 3 ) ekIbhAva stotra bhASA - yaha zrIvAdirAjasUri ke saMskRta ekIbhAva stotra kA bhAvAnuvAda hai / isameM 25 caupAI evaM 2 dohe haiN| isameM sarvaprathama jinendra ko namaskAra kara, mithyAbhAvoM, jagata bhramaNa, bhava-bhava meM apAra duHkha, syAdvAda, mokSa, dvAdazAMga ityAdi kA varNana kiyA hai / antima pada meM zrIvAdirAja muni kI prazaMsA meM kahA hai - 28 + : sabada kAvya hita tarka maiM, vAdirAja siratAja / ekIbhAva pragaTa kiyA, 'dyAnata' bhagati jahAja || 26 || AratiyA~-kavi dyAnatarAya dvArA racita aneka AratiyA~ vibhinna zAstra bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha haiN| inameM paMcaparameSThI kI AratI, AratI dazaka meM upalabdha AratiyA~ evaM jugala AratI upalabdha hai| inameM paMcaparameSThI kI AratI zrI jaina pUjA pATha saMgraha ke pRSTha saMkhyA 344 meM prakAzita hai / yaha AratI pratyeka jaina bhakta ko kaNThAgra hai / dyAnatavilAsa meM AratI dazaka meM dasa AratiyA~ haiN| kramazaH paMca parameSThI, jinarAja, munirAja, neminAtha, nizcaya, AtmA, vardhamAna, vRSabhanAtha evaM paramAtmA kI AratiyA~ haiM / ye AratiyA~ eka taraha se bhaktyAtmaka gIta hI haiM / gIta paddhati meM racI huI AratI kA vyavahAra kIrtana kI taraha hotA hai| sAkAra upAsanA ke kAraNa AratI kAvya ati lokapriya huA hai| 38 aSTaka kAvya-ATha zlokoM vAlA kAvya yA stotra aSTaka kahalAtA hai / yaha saMkhyAzrita muktaka kAvya kI zreNI meM AtA hai| sAkAra upAsanA meM aSTakoM kA ati lokapriya sthAna rahA hai / dyAnatarAya dvArA racita eka yati bhAvanA aSTaka upalabdha hotA hai / chahaDhAlA-chaha bhAgoM meM vibhakta hone se isako chahaDhAlA nAma diyA gayA hai kintu isakA vAstavika nAma subodha paMcAsikA hai| svayaM dyAnatarAyajI ne chaha bhAgoM meM vibhakta sAdhAraNa upadezAtmaka racanA kI thI tathA kula 50 chanda hone ke kAraNa usakA nAma paMcAsikA rakhA thA / isa sandarbha meM hama lekhaka kI kucha paMktiyoM para vicAra kara sakate haiM -- hita sauM artha batAiyau, suguru bihArIdAsa | satrahasauM bAvana badI, terasa kArtikamAsa / / 46 / / kSaya upazama bala maiM kahe, dyAnata acchara ehu / doSa subodha paMcAsikA, budhajana zuddha karehu / / 47 | 10 uparyukta paMktiyoM se nimnalikhita tathya phalita hote haiM- prathama to

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 29 paNDita dyAnatarAyajI ne apanI kRti kA nAma subodha paMcAsikA rakhA thaa| phira isakA nAma chahaDhAlA kaise evaM kaba par3A? yaha bAta spaSTa nahIM hai| paNDita daulatarAmajI kI chahaDhAlA kI lokapriyatA ko dekhakara sambhavataH chaha bhAgoM meM vibhakta dekhakara ise chahaDhAlA kA nAma de diyA gayA hogaa| jo bhI ho, parantu ukta kRti kA vAstavika nAma subodha paMcAsikA hI hai| prathama adhyAya meM kula ATha chanda haiM, jinameM prathama pada meM maMgalAcaraNa karate hue oMkAra ko tIna bhuvana meM sAra batAkara apratyakSa rUpa se paMcaparameSThI ko namana kiyA hai| dvitIya pada meM kavi ne svayaM ko alpajJa batAte hue bhI kAvya racane ko udyata hone kI bAta kahI hai| tRtIya se aSTama pada taka narabhava kI durlabhatA evaM viSayoM meM lIna rahane vAle ko mUrkha evaM Urdhva gati kA bIja 'dharma' ko batAyA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM bhI kula ATha chanda haiM, jo ki manaharaNa chanda meM likhe haiN| isameM bhI prathama chanda se antima chanda taka jainadharma ko nahIM dhAraNa karane se dukhI rahane tathA jinadharma grahaNa karane se bhavasAgara tarane kI bAta evaM dhana va yauvana ko kSaNa meM naSTa hone kI bAta kahI hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM rolA chanda meM likhe kula cAra chanda haiN| isameM saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA evaM garbha meM aneka dukha sahane va saMyoga-viyoga ke dukhoM kI bAta kI gayI hai| caturtha adhyAya meM kula ATha chanda haiN| isameM jarApane ke duHkha, viSayoM meM masta rahakara AtmA ko bhUlane kI bAta kahI gayI hai| dharma ko nahIM chor3ane tathA krodhAdi ko chor3ane kI bAta kahI hai| pA~caveM adhyAya meM bhI ATha chanda haiM va isameM jIva ko dharma kI sa~bhAra . karane ko prerita kiyA gayA hai| dharma ke binA aneka dukha sahane kI bAta kahI gayI hai| dAnAdi se svarga va pApa se naraka milane kI bAta kahI gayI hai| chaThaveM adhyAya meM teraha chanda haiN| isameM batAyA hai ki jIva dhana ke lie nIca karma karatA hai, kintu nIca karma se dhana nahIM milatA; balki dharma se hI dhana milatA hai evaM soca-vicAra na kara vidhi ke likhe yoga ko svIkArane va sAdharmI kI satsaMgati kI bAta kahI gayI hai| isa prakAra yaha kRti dharma ke mahattva va krodhAdi ke tyAga para bala

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30 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA detI hai tathA sAdharmI kI saMgati ke mahattva ko abhivyakta karatI hai / padasaMgraha-prAyaH dyAnatarAyajI ke pada yatra-tatra bikhare hue haiN| vibhinna dhArmika vyaktiyoM evaM saMsthAoM dvArA vibhinna pada vibhinna nAmoM se saMgrahIta kara prakAzita kara diye gaye haiN| isI kar3I meM eka pada saMgraha bahuta pahale prakAzita ho cukA hai| isameM 17 pada haiN| inakA viSaya jinadeva, jinavANI, jinaguru, jinadharma Adi kI bhakti se sambandhita hai / aneka pada AdhyAtmika bhAvoM ke bhI dyotaka haiN| eka pada saMgraha sAhitya zodha vibhAga, digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI se prakAzita hai, jisameM dyAnatarAyajI ke pada saMgrahIta haiN| eka aura pada saMgraha jo zrI pATanI digambara jaina granthamAlA, mAroTha (mAravAr3a) se prakAzita hai, jisameM dyAnatarAyajI ke dyAnata vilAsa ke 40 pada saMgrahIta haiN| dyAnatarAyajI ke kucha pada' adhyAtma pada - pArijAta' meM bhI prakAzita haiM / bAvaniyA~ -dyAnatarAyajI ne do bAvaniyA~ likhI haiM, jisameM pahalI akSara bAvanI tathA dUsarI dAna bAvanI hai| bAvaniyoM meM kavi ne AdhyAtmika bhAvoM se garbhita viSayoM para bAvana chanda likhe haiM, jisake kAraNa inakA nAma bAvanI rakhA gayA hai / kavi dvArA racita uparyukta sabhI phuTakara racanAe~ muktaka kAvya ke antargata hI AtI haiN| ye sabhI racanAe~ hindI sAhitya meM apanI alaga pahacAna banAye hue haiM / sandarbha sUcI - 1. caracA zataka Amukha, pRSTha-2 2. caracA zataka, pada- 12, 13, 14, pRSTha - 26 se 31 3. caracA zataka, pada- 44, pRSTha - 105 4. hindI sAhitya koza bhAga-1, pRSTha- 691, dvitIya saMskaraNa, kAzI 5. eka kavikRta zloka samUha yA muktaka samuccaya (koza) kA nAma padyaTTaka hai| hindI sAhitya koza bhAga-1, pRSTha - 275 6. padmanandi paMcaviMzati ( upAsaka saMskAra ) pRSTha - 128, zloka - 6 7. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vijayodayA TIkA, gAthA - 46 8. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, zloka - 119 kI TIkA, pRSTha-208 | 9. svayaMbhU stotra, chanda-571

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 31 10. paMcAstikAya, gAthA-136 kI TIkA.. 11. paNDita daulatarAma kRta devstuti| 12. paNDita daulatarAma kRta AdhyAtmika bhjn| 13. bhukti mukti dAtAra, caubIsauM jinarAjavara |(cau0 tIrthaMkara pUjA) 14. paramAtma prakAza, 1/123/2 15. samAdhitantra-31 16. aSTapAhur3a, mokSapAhur3a mUla zloka-104 17. jugalakizora mukhtAra kRta stutividyA, prastAvanA, pRSTha-20 18. mahApurANa, zrAvakAcAra sarga, 38/26-33 19. bhagavatI ArAdhanA-46, vijayodayA TIkA-vasunandi zrAvakAcAra 456 se 458 20. dyAnatarAya kRta caubIsa tIrthaMkara pUjA 21. tattvArthasUtra, navama adhyAya, sUtra-6 22. dhAnatarAya kRta dazalakSaNa pUjA 23. tattvArthasUtra, samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritrANi mokSamArgaH 24. dyAnatarAya kRta samyagdarzana pUjA 25. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya-chaha, sUtra-24 26. dyAnatarAya kRta solahakAraNa pUjA 27. dyAnatarAya kRta paMcameru pUjana, sthApanA chanda 28. dyAnatarAya kRta deva-zAstra-guru pUjana 29. jinendra arcanA, pRSTha-116 30. dyAnatarAya kRta sarasvatI pUjana 31. dyAnatarAya kRta nirvANakSetra pUjana 32. dyAnatarAya kRta nandIzvaradvIpa pUjana 33. nagendranAtha vasu saMkalita hindI vizvakoza, bhAga-21, pRSTha 416, san 1930, 34. dhIrendra varmA kRta hindI sAhitya koza, bhAga-1, pRSTha-945, dvitIya saMskaraNa 35. DaoN. premasAgara jaina kRta hindI jaina bhakti-kAvya evaM kavi, pRSTha-345 36. dyAnatarAya kRta svayaMbhU stotra bhASA 37. dyAnatarAya kRta dharmavilAsa, prakAzaka-zrI jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, pRSTha-149 38. nagendranAtha vasu saMkalita hindI vizvakoza, bhAga-2, pRSTha-644, san 1917, 39. nagendranAtha vasu saMkalita hindI vizvakoza, bhAga-2, pRSTha-382, san 1917, 40. subodha paMcAsikA, pada-50, 52

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tRtIya adhyAya dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM adhyAtma cetanA (ka) adhyAtma svarUpa evaM vizleSaNa (1) adhyAtma zabda kI vyutpatti, artha, lakSaNa evaM paribhASA: adhyAtma zabda adhi upasarga pUrvaka Atma zabda ke yoga se nirmita huA hai, jisakA artha hai AtmA se sambandhita yA AtmA kA; arthAt jo AtmA se sambandhita hai, vahI adhyAtma hai; jo AtmA ke cahuMmukhI vikAsa ko batAtA hai, vahI adhyAtma hai yA aisA kaheM ki jo AtmA ke pUrNa vikAsa kI bAta kara nara se nArAyaNa, pAmara se bhagavAna banAne kI bAta karatA hai vahI adhyAtma hai| ___ adhyAtma kI paribhASA-adhyAtma ko vibhinna vidvAnoM, dArzanikoM ne alaga-alaga rUpa se paribhASita kiyA hai, isI zrRMkhalA meM samayasAra meM adhyAtma zabda ko isa prakAra paribhASita kiyA gayA hai - niz2azuddhAtmani vizuddhAdhArabhUte'nuSThAnamadhyAtmam / ' arthAt apane zuddhAtmA meM vizuddhatA kA AdhArabhUta anuSThAna yA AcaraNa adhyAtma hai| . usI prakAra arthapadAnAmabhedaratnatrayapratipAdakAnAmanukUlaM yatra vyAkhyAnaM kriyate tadadhyAtmazAstraM bhaNyate' arthAt abhedarUpa ratnatraya ke pratipAdaka artha aura padoM ke anukUla jahA~ vyAkhyAna kiyA jAtA hai, use adhyAtma zAstra kahate haiN| mithyAtvarAgAdi-samasta vikalpajAla rUpa-parihAreNa svazuddhAtmanyanuSThAnaM tddhyaatmmiti|' .. arthAt mithyAtva, rAga Adi samasta vikalpajAla ke tyAga se zuddhAtmA meM jo anuSThAna arthAt pravRtti karanA, use adhyAtma kahate haiN| AtmAnamAtmanyAtmanA saMghatta itydhyaatmm|' arthAt AtmA ko AtmA meM AtmA se dhAraNa kara rakhatA hai, TikA rakhatA hai, jor3a rakhatA hai, vaha adhyAtma hai| jahA~ eka AtmA ke Azraya nirUpaNa kariye, so adhyAtma hai|

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 33 (2) adhyAtma-vibhinna darzanoM kI dRSTi meM - ... . bhAratIya darzana kI jo aneka dhArAe~ tattat kAloM meM pravAhita huIM tathA jo sAMkhya, yoga Adi bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se abhihita hokara anekAneka sampradAyoM ke pravartana kA kAraNa banIM; unameM se pratyeka yadyapi apane mUla meM koI na koI aisA asAmAnya maulika tattva yA viziSTa vicAradhArA rakhatI hai, jo anya darzana ke AdhAroM se use pRthak kara detA hai, tathApi inameM kucha aisI sAmAnya vizeSatAe~ bhI pAI jAtI haiM, jo yaha iMgita karatI haiM ki inameM se adhikAMza dhArAoM kA udgama sthala yA srota eka hI hai aura isa prakAra yaha siddha karatI hai ki bhale hI kucha UparI bhedoM ke kAraNa inameM anekatA yA bhinnatA dRSTigocara ho rahI ho, apane Antarika vaibhava kI dRSTi se ye saba eka hI haiN| . ... ... udAharaNa ke lie ati bhautikavAdI cArvAka darzana ko chor3akara bhAratIya darzana kI zeSa sabhI dhArAe~ eka hI viziSTa uddezya ko lekara pravRtta huI dRSTigata hotI haiN| vaha viziSTa uddezya hai-duHkha kA nirodha / jaisA ki DaoN. zrIkAnta pANDeya ne apanI pustaka 'bhAratIya darzana kA itihAsa' meM kahA hai ki "tApatraya se jhulasate hue vizva ko dekhakara, bhArata kI sarvocca meghA ne, usakI Atyantika aura aikAntika nivRtti ke lie jina upAyoM kA pravacana kiyA, ve hI darzana ke mahanIya nAma se abhihita hue| isa prakAra prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ke mUla meM duHkha kA nirodha eka viziSTa uddezya ke rUpa meM vidyamAna dikhAI par3atA hai| prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya darzana, cAhe vaha bauddha darzana ho, sAMkhya darzana ho yA svayaM vedAnta ho; sabane apane-apane dRSTikoNa se duHkhamaya saMsAra se nivRtti kA upAya hI batAyA hai| svayaM bhautikavAdI cArvAka darzana bhI mAnava jIvana kA ekamAtra uddezya sukhabhoga ghoSita kara prakArAntara se duHkha kI nivRtti ko hI apanA dhyeya mAnatA pratIta hotA hai| jaisA ki cArvAka darzana kA dhyeya hai - yAvat jIvet sukhaM jIvet RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pibet / bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya punarAgamanaM kutH||' - sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM kI kucha mUlabhUta vizeSatAe~ haiM, jinheM hama isa . prakAra vivecita kara sakate haiM -

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 1. duHkha kI sattA - prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya darzana saMsAra ko nazvara, jar3a evaM duHkhamaya mAnate haiM / mahAtmA buddha ne to apane cAra AryasatyoM meM duHkha ko prathama Aryasatya mAnA hai / sAMkhya kI dRSTi meM saMsAra nirantara duHkhatraya ke AghAta se pIr3ita rahatA hai - " duHkhatrayAbhighAtAt / "" chahaDhAlAkAra paNDita pravara daulatarAmajI bhI likhate haiM ki tInoM lokoM meM ananta jIva maujUda haiM aura ve sukha cAhate haiM aura duHkha se Darate haiM - je tribhuvana meM jIva ananta, sukha cAhaiM duHkha taiM bhayavanta / svayaM dyAnatarAya ne bhI eka pada meM saMsAra ko asAra evaM manuSya bhava kI durlabhatA ko isa prakAra batAyA hai nahIM aiso janama bArambAra / / 34 kaThina - kaThina lahyo mAnuSa-bhava, viSaya taji matihAra / / nahiM / / pAya cintAmaNI ratana zaTha, chipata udadhi ma~jhAra / aMdha hAtha baTera AI, tajata tAhi ga~vAra / / nahiM. / / kabahu~ naraka tirayaMca kabahu~, kabahu~ suraga vihAra / jagata mAhiM cirakAla bhramiyo, durlabha nara avatAra / / nahiM / / pAya amRta pAMva dhove, kahata suguru pukAra / tajo viSaya kaSAya dyAnata, jyoM laho bhavapAra / / nahiM / / isa prakAra anya darzana bhI janma, mRtyu ke rUpa meM anekavidha duHkha mAnate haiM- punarapi jananaM punarapi maraNaM punarapi jananI jaThare zayanam aura inase mukta ho jAne ko mokSa mAnate haiN| 2. duHkha kA kAraNa ajJAna - bhagavAna buddha ne duHkha ke kAraNa ko dUsarA Aryasatya mAnA hai / jaba duHkha hai to usakA kAraNa bhI nizcita rUpa se hai| anya darzana bhI isa sambandha meM bauddhadarzana kA hI anusaraNa karate pratIta hote haiN| ina sabhI darzanoM ne duHkha ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM avidyA yA ajJAna ko mAnA hai / 3. mukti yA mokSaH - saMsAra ke vividha duHkhoM se mukta ho jAne ko hI mukti yA maukSa ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / yaha sabhI darzanoM kA kAmya hai aura isIlie isako antima puruSArtha mAnA gayA hai, kintu isake svarUpa ke sambandha meM darzanoM meM aikamatya nahIM hai| nyAyavaizeSika AtmA kI sadarUpAvasthiti ko sAMkhyayoga usakI citsvarUpAvasthiti ko aura vedAnta

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 35 saccidAnandAtmarUpa sthiti ko mukti mAnate haiN| spaSTa hai ki pratyeka darzana kI dRSTi meM mukti kA svarUpa bhinna hai, kintu usakI sthiti ko sabhI pramukha rUpa se svIkAra karate haiN| 4. punarjanma kI dhAraNA:-AtmA ke dvArA eka zarIra ke parityAga aura dUsare zarIra ko grahaNa karane kA krama nirantaraM calatA rahatA hai| ise hI janma aura mRtyu kahA gayA hai| gItA ke anusAra utpanna jIva kI mRtyu aura mRta kA janma anivArya hai-"jAtasya hi dhruvo mRtyudhuvaM janma mRtasya c|" isa adRSTa rUpa karma ke tIna rUpa haiM-kriyamANa, saMcita aura praarbdh| 5. 'AtmA' kI svIkRti :-cU~ki punarjanma kA AdhAra 'AtmA' hI hai, isalie prAyaH sabhI darzana 'AtmA' ke astitva ko svIkAra karate haiN| bauddha AtmA ke astitva ko to nahIM mAnate, kintu usakA kArya unhoMne paMcaskandhoM ke dvArA sampAdita kara liyA hai| AtmarUpa isa eka viziSTa tattva ko svIkAra karane para bhI bhinna-bhinna darzanoM meM usake svarUpa ke sambandha meM matabheda hai| - jaina darzanAnusAra AtmA zabda kA artha nimna prakAra se hai- 'as' dhAtu kA artha 'satata gamana' hai| 'gamana' zabda kA yahA~ 'jJAna' artha hotA hai; kyoMki 'saba gatirUpa arthavAle dhAtu jJAnarUpa arthavAle hote haiM-aisA vacana hai| isa kAraNa, yathAsaMbhava jJAna sukhAdi guNoM meM 'A' arthAt sarvaprakAra se 'atati arthAt vartatA hai, vaha AtmA hai athavA zubha-azubha mana-vacana-kAya kI kriyA dvArA yathAsambhava tIvra-maMdAdirUpa se jo 'A' arthAta pUrNarUpa se 'atati' vartatA hai, vaha AtmA hai athavA utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ina tInoM dharmoM dvArA jo 'A' arthAt pUrNarUpa se 'atati' arthAt vartatA hai, vaha AtmA hai| 10 sAMkhya darzana meM yaha puruSa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha usake anusAra nitya, vibhu, caitanya aura akartA hai| yogadarzana kI bhI yahI mAnyatA hai| mImAMsA usake vibhutva aura nityatva ko svIkAra karatI hai, kintu caitanya ko usakA Agantuka dharma mAnatI hai| vedAnta ke anusAra AtmA nitya, zuddha, buddha aura saccidAnanda svarUpa hai| nyAya-vaizeSika AtmA ko nitya aura avinAzI to mAnate haiM, kintu isake sAtha hI use sukha-duHkha Adi guNoM se yukta bhI mAnate haiN| isa prakAra unakI dRSTi meM AtmA saguNa hai, vedAntAdi usako nirguNa mAnate haiN| bauddha darzana meM AtmA kI svIkRti sAkSAt na mAnI jAkara jJAna, anubhUti aura saMkalpa ke kSaNa-kSaNa meM parivartanazIla vijJAna santAna ke rUpa meM mAnI gaI hai|

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36 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA - darzanoM kI saMkhyA aura unakA vargIkaraNa .. .. - saMkhyA bhAratIya darzana kI bahuta-sI dhArAoM kA vikAsa huA, ve saMkhyA meM kitanI haiM, isakA nizcita uttara nahIM diyA jA sakatA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki sudUra atIta se lekara Aja taka inakA vikAsa hotA rahA hai| inameM se kucha to aisI bhI haiM, jo bahuta hI kama prasiddha rahI haiM aura isalie pramukha darzanoM kI gaNanA meM unako sthAna nahIM mila paayaa| isake atirikta isa anizcaya meM gaNanAkAroM kI apanI ruci bhI isameM bahuta bar3I sImA taka kAraNa rahI hai| . kisI ne yadi eka kA ullekha kiyA hai to dUsare ne use chor3a diyA. hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki darzanoM kI vAstavika saMkhyA ke sambandha meM prAcIna granthakAroM meM bhI kabhI aikamatya nahIM rahA hai| isa sambandha meM prAyaH 'SaDdarzana' zabda sunAI par3atA hai, jisase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki darzanoM kI saMkhyA chaha hI hai; parantu ye chaha darzana kauna-kauna se haiM, isa bAre meM bhI vidvAnoM meM aikamatya nahIM hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki 'SaDdarzana' zabda bahuta purAnA nahIM hai aura isake antargata Ane vAle darzanoM ke sambandha meM prAyaH vivAda rahA hai| jisa granthakAra ko jisa darzana se vizeSa prema yA paricaya rahA, usane usakA samAveza 'SaDdarzana' meM kara diyaa| spaSTa hai ki isa sambandha meM paryApta vivAda hai, isalie kisI eka granthakAra kA Azraya na lekara adyAvadhi prApta darzanoM kA yathAsambhava nAmollekha yahA~ isa rUpa meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| sAMkhya, yoga, pAzupata, lokAyata, pAMcarAtra, nyAya, vaizeSika, vedAnta (advaita, viziSTAdvaita, dvaita, dvaitAdvaita, acintyAdvaita Adi) mImAMsA, bauddha (vaibhASika, sautrAntika, yogAcAra aura mAdhyamika) jaina, pANinIya (vyAkaraNa darzana) zaiva, rasezvara, prtybhivaaddrshn| inake atirikta Adhunika kAla meM bhI aravinda aura gA~dhI jaise mahAn vicArakoM kA janma huA, jinakI apanI dArzanika vicAradhArA hai aura jinhoMne Adhunika bhAratIya cintana ko bahuta prabhAvita kiyA hai| phira bhI, grantha kI apanI sImA ke kAraNa ise prAcIna darzanoM taka hI sImita rakhA gayA hai|" vargIkaraNa-bhAratIya darzana yadyapi mUla meM akhaNDa aura avibhAjya haiM, phira bhI usakA vikAsa aneka dhArAoM ke rUpa meM huA, jaisA ki hama dekha cuke haiN| ye sabhI darzana-dhArAe~ apane-apane dRSTikoNa se dRzya aura adRzya

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 37 jagat se sambaddha samasyAoM para vicAra karatI haiN| yadyapi inake vikAsa krama ko dekhane para inameM akhaNDatA hI dRSTigocara hotI hai, tathApi adhyayana kI suvidhA aura tanmatAvalambiyoM evaM pratipAdakoM ke bheda ke AdhAra para inakA vagIkaraNa kara lenA atyanta ucita hogaa| prAcIna vargIkaraNa-jaisA ki madhyakAla meM 'SaDdarzana' ke nAma se kucha darzana dhArAoM ko eka viziSTa varga meM rakhane kA prayatna kiyA gayA thA, kintu unameM kisa-kisa darzana ko rakhA jAye, isa sambandha meM koI nizcaya nahIM ho sakA thaa| isake sAtha hI darzanoM kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM bhI aikamatya nahIM thaa| AcArya kauTilya apane arthazAstra meM kevala sAMkhya, yoga aura lokAyata ina tIna darzanoM kI carcA karate haiN| 'zivamahimnaH stotra' meM sAMkhya, yoga, pAzupata aura vaiSNava darzanoM kA hI ullekha hai| ___ zaMkarAcArya ne 'sarvasiddhAnta saMgraha' meM nyAya, vezaiSika Adi ke atirikta Aheta (jaina) bauddha, cArvAka Adi dasa darzanoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| jayanta bhaTTa ne bauddha aura cArvAkoM ke sAtha kevala cAra-mImAMsA, nyAya, vaizeSika aura sAMkhya darzanoM kA hI ullekha kiyaa| bArahavIM sadI ke jainAcArya haribhadra sUri ne apane 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' meM bauddha, naiyAyika kapila (sAMkhya) jaina, vaizeSika tathA jaimini (mImAMsA)- ina SaDdarzanoM kA varNana kiyaa| ___ terahavIM sadI ke prasiddha jaina lekhaka jinadattasUri ne bhI apane 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' meM prasiddha SaDdarzanoM meM se kevala mImAMsA aura sAMkhya ko hI liyA aura zeSa cAra meM jaina, bauddha, zaiva aura cArvAka ko sammilita kiyaa| isake bAda likhe gae, mAdhavAcArya ke 'sarvadarzana saMgraha meM prasiddha darzanoM ke sAtha hI rAmAnujIya pUrNaprajJa (mAdhya) nakulIza (pAzupata) zaiva, pratyabhijJA (kAzmIra zaiva) rasezvara (AvadhUtika) aura pANinIya Adi kula 26 darzanoM kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| isa prakAra se kucha anya granthoM meM bhI bhinna-bhinna saMkhyA aura bhinna-bhinna nAma vAle darzanoM ko sthAna milA hai| ina bhAratIya darzanoM kA eka aura vargIkaraNa ho sakatA hai| hama jAnate haiM ki inameM se kucha AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra karate haiM, jabaki kucha kA usakI sattA meM vizvAsa nahIM hai| isa AdhAra para inake anAtmavAdI aura AtmavAdI ye do varga saralatA se bana jAte haiN| inameM se pahale varga meM cArvAka aura bauddha darzana AyeMge aura zeSa saba dUsare varga meN| isa prakAra eka viziSTa tattva kI mAnyatA aura amAnyatA ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA yaha vargIkaraNa sabhI ko mAnya ho sakatA hai|12

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38 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA Astika aura nAstika kA vargIkaraNa-kucha anya vidvAnoM ne inako Astika aura nAstika ke rUpa meM vargIkRta kiyA hai| inameM 'Astika' kA artha hai-'hai' isa prakAra kA vizvAsa karane vAlA aura nAstika kA artha hai-'nahIM hai' isa prakAra kA vizvAsa karane vaalaa| ina donoM hI zabdoM kI vyutpatti, pANinI ke 'asti nAsti diSTaM matiH' isa sUtra ke niyamAnusAra kramazaH 'asti iti matiH yasya saH aura 'nAsti iti matiH yasya saH' ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai| sUtra meM yaha spaSTa nahIM hai ki yaha astitva aura anastitva kisa vastu kA hai, kintu bAda meM AcAryoM ne paraloka zabda jor3akara abhISTa vAkya kI pUrti kI; isa prakAra unakI vyAkhyA ke anusAra paraloka kI sattA meM vizvAsa karane vAloM ko Astika (asti paralokaH iti matiryasya saH) aura paraloka kI sattA meM vizvAsa na karane vAle ko nAstika (nAsti paralokaH iti matiryasya saH) kahA gayA hai; parantu isa vargIkaraNa meM vargIkaraNa jaisA kucha nahIM hai, kyoMki sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM meM kevala cArvAka darzana hI aisA hai, jise ukta artha meM nAstika kahA jA sakatA hai| zeSa sabhI darzana paraloka meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM vizvAsa karane ke kAraNa Astika hI haiM aura koI bhI vargIkaraNa kevala eka ko to alaga karane ke lie ho nahIM sktaa| vastutaH isase acchA vargIkaraNa to bhautika-abhautika ke AdhAra para ho sakatA hai| parantu nAstika aura Astika zabdoM kA artha vyAkaraNika vyutpatti se na lekara yadi hama 'manusmRti ke anusAra leM arthAt veda kI nindA karane vAlA nAstika hai (nAstiko vedanindakaH) aura usako pramANa mAnane vAlA Astika hai to uparyukta vargIkaraNa ko bahuta ucita mAnA jA sakatA hai aura isa AdhAra para cArvAka, jaina aura bauddha darzanoM ko nAstika koTi meM rakhA jAtA hai, kyoMki ve vedoM ko pramANa nahIM mAnate haiM, isake viparIta vedoM ko kisI na kisI rUpa meM pramANa mAnane ke kAraNa vartamAna meM 'SaDdarzana' ke nAma se prasiddha-nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, yoga, mImAMsA aura vedAnta Adi darzana dhArAe~ Astika kI koTi meM samAviSTa hoNgii| ... upaniSadoM meM AtmajJAna ko bahuta mahattva diyA gayA hai| isa AtmajJAna kA hI dUsarA nAma AdhyAtmikatA hai| AdhyAtmikatA kA vikAsa aura unnayana darzana ke dvArA hI sambhava hai| viparIta jJAna evaM mithyAjJAna, jo

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 39 mAnava ko saMsAra meM Asakta karatA hai, kA niHzeSIkaraNa dArzanika tattva jJAna ke dvArA hI ho sakatA hai|13 bhAratIya darzanoM kA aitihAsika krama jaisA ki bhAratIya darzanoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai - Astika aura naastik| aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra karane para pratIta hotA. hai ki ina donoM ke siddhAnta yadyapi bahuta prAcIna haiM, kyoMki bhAratIya sAhitya ke prAcInatama grantha vedoM meM hameM donoM hI darzana sampradAyoM ke siddhAntoM kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu dArzanika sAhitya kA anuzIlana hameM batAtA hai. ki eka viziSTa darzana ke rUpa meM sAMkhya darzana kA udbhava sabase pahale huA, yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki ukta darzana ke nirUpaka grantha bahuta bAda meM milate haiN| yaha samaya nizcaya hI IsA se hajAroM varSa pUrva rahA hogaa| isake, bAda hI kucha zatAbdiyoM meM vaidika vicAradhArAoM se bhinnatA rakhane vAlI vicAra dhArAoM kA darzana hotA hai, jinake udAharaNa cArvAka aura AjIvaka darzana ke rUpa meM hameM Aja upalabdha haiN| yadyapi IsA pUrva prathama sahasrAbdI ke uttarArddha meM bhI hameM cArvAka jaise dArzanikoM kA svara sunAI par3atA hai, kintu pahale kI apekSA kucha manda rUpa meM, kintu isake sAtha hI kucha anya avaidika dhArAoM kA svara bhI sunAI par3ane lagA, jinakA pratinidhitva jaina aura bauddha karate the| inameM bhI kAlakrama kI dRSTi se jainadarzana kA sthAna bauddha darzana kI apekSA pahale kA hai| isake bAda sAMkhyetara vaidika darzanoM kA udaya kisa krama se huA isa sambandha meM bhAratIya darzana ke apratima vidvAna DaoN. Ara. ke. AcArya kI nimnalikhita paMktiyA~ draSTavya haiM - "vaidika paramparA kA cArvAka, jaina, bauddha Adi vaidikottaroM ke dvArA prabala virodha hone para IsA pUrva kI sahasrAbdI ke uttarArddha meM hI mUlataH vaidika: vicAradhArAoM se sambandha rakhanevAlI, kintu bAda meM svatantra rUpa se vikasita hone vAlI vicAradhArAoM ke samarthakoM ko apanI vicAradhArAoM ko nyAyasUtra aura vaizeSika sUtra Adi vibhinna darzana sUtroM ke rUpa meM vyavasthita kara diyA . aura apane siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana karate hue cArvAka, jaina aura bauddha Adi . virodhiyoM ke matoM kA yathAsambhava nirAkaraNa kiyA aura jaisA ki inake dvArA bhI mUla vaidika vicAradhArAoM kI rakSA nahIM ho pAtI thI, ataH vizuddha vaidika kSetra ke AcAryoM meM se, eka ora to AcArya jaiminI ne vaidika karmakANDa ko dArzanika AdhAra dene ke lie pUrva mImAMsA sUtroM kI racanA kI aura dUsarI

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40 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA ora AcArya bAdarAyaNa ne vaidika paramparA ke darzana-aupaniSada darzana ko eka suvyavasthita darzana-vedAntadarzana rUpa meM prastuta karane ke lie brahmasUtroM kI racanA kii| brahmasUtroM meM aupaniSada siddhAntoM ko pratipAdita karate hue sAMkhya, vaizeSika jaina evaM bauddha virodhI matoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| Adhunika kAla meM bhI sAmAnya rUpa se samasta bhAratIya darzanoM evaM viziSTa darzanoM ko lekara prAcya aura pAzcAtya bhASAoM meM eka vizAla sAhitya likhA gayA hai jinameM yadyapi maulikatA kA aMza to kama hai, kintu usane aitihAsika vikAsakrama ko darzAte hue unakA jo tulanAtmaka aura vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai, usake kAraNa usakA mahattva kama nahIM hai| vaidika paramparA vedamUlaka hai| vaidika-saMskRti ke vAhaka vedoM kI gaNanA vizva kI prAcInatama va uccatama koTi ke sAhitya meM hotI hai| vedoM se prAcInatama dharma, darzana, samAja va saMskRti kI vistRta jAnakArI prApta hotI hai - (ka) vedoM meM adhyAtma kA svarUpa :- cUMki veda kriyAkANDa meM vizvAsa karate haiN| ataH vedoM meM adhyAtma ko avakAza nahIM hai| vedoM meM atyalpa hI adhyAtma kA varNana hai| jaisA ki muNDakopaniSada meM kahA gayA hai - parA caivA'parA c||4|| munnddkopnissd| 101 || tatrA'parA Rgvedo yajurvedaH saamved'thrvvedH|| atha parA yayA tada kSara madhi gamyate / / 5 ||15 arthAt do vidyAyeM jAnanI cAhie-parA vidyA aura aparA vidyaa| Rgveda Adi cAroM veda tathA tatsambandhI anya sAhitya ve saba aparA vidyA arthAt sAMsArika vidyAyeM haiM tathA jisa vidyA ke dvArA yaha antarAtmA, pratyagAtmA, viviktAtmA jAnA jAtA hai, vaha parA vidyA hai| ' arthAt upaniSada Adi adhyAtma zAstroM ko parA vidyA kahate haiM jabaki nirUktakAra ke mata meM vedoM meM atyalpa mantra AdhyAtmika haiM aura upaniSadoM ke mata se vedoM meM adhyAtma jJAna hai hI nahIM athavA yadi hai bhI to vaha nahIM ke barAbara hai| isakI puSTi gItA meM kI gaI hai| yathA - vedavAdaratAH pArtha nAnyadastIti vaadinH|| 21 42 / /

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA zruti vipratipannA te yadA sthAsyati nizcalAH / / tathA traiguNyA viSayA vedAH / / 16 (kha) upaniSadoM meM adhyAtma kA svarUpa upaniSadakAroM ne adhyAtma ko isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai 41 athA'dhyAtmaM ya evAyaM mukhyaH prANaH / NiccamaNayado ducedaNA jassa athAdhyAtmamidameva mUrtaM yadanyatprANAcca / / 4 / / athAmUrtaM prANAzca / / 5 / / arthAt sthUla aura sUkSma ( bhAva prANa aura dravya prANa) prANoM ko adhyAtma kahate haiN| aise hI anya pramANa diye jA sakate haiM / abhiprAya yaha hai ki antarAtmA ke jJAna ko adhyAtmavidyA yA isI kA nAma parA vidyA bhI haiM 1 (1) upaniSadoM meM brahma sambandhI vicAra upaniSadoM ke anusAra brahma hI parama tattva hai / vaha hI ekamAtra sattA hai| vaha jagat kA sAra hai| vaha jagat kI AtmA hai / 'brahma zabda' 'bR' dhAtu se nikalA hai, jisakA artha hai bar3hanA yA vikasita honA / brahma ko vizva kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| isase vizva kI utpatti hotI hai aura anta meM vizva brahma meM vilIna ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra brahma vizva kA AdhAra hai| eka vizeSa upaniSad meM varuNa kA putra bhRgu apane pitA ke pAsa pahu~cakara prazna karatA hai ki mujhe usa yathArtha sattA ke svarUpa kA vivecana kIjiye, jisake andara se samasta vizva kA vikAsa hotA hai aura phira jisake andara samasta vizva samA jAtA hai / isa prazna ke uttara meM kahA gayA hai-vaha jisase ina saba bhUtoM kI utpatti huI aura janma hone ke pazcAt jisameM ye saba jIvana dhAraNa karate haiM aura vaha jisake andara mRtyu ke samaya ye vilIna ho jAte haiM, vahI brahma hai / upaniSadoM meM brahma ke do rUpa mAne gaye haiN| ve haiM- (1) parabrahma (2) aparabrahma / parabrahma asIma, nirguNa, nirvizeSa, niSprapaMca tathA aparabrahma sasIma, saguNa, savizeSa evaM saprapaMca hai / parabrahma amUrta hai, jabaki aparabrahma mUrta hai| parabrahma sthira hai, jabaki aparabrahma asthira hai / parabrahma nirguNa honeM ke phalasvarUpa upAsanA kA viSaya nahIM hai, jabaki apara brahma saguNa hone ke kAraNa upAsanA kA viSaya hai / parabrahma kI vyAkhyA 'neti neti' kahakara kI

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42 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA gaI hai, jabaki aparabrahma kI vyAkhyA 'iti iti' kahakara kI gaI hai| parabrahma ko brahma tathA aparabrahma ko Izvara kahA gayA hai| saca to yaha hai ki brahma aura aparabrahma donoM eka hI brahma ke do pakSa haiN| ___abhiprAya yaha hai ki jo vedavAda meM rata haiM, ve loga yajJAdika se Upara AtmikajJAna ko nahIM mAnate tathA na hI mokSa Adi ko mAnate haiN| isalie ye loga jaba taka adhyAtma jJAna se sthira buddhi nahIM hoMge, usa samaya taka inakA kalyANa nahIM hogaa| kyoMki ye veda to triguNarUpI rassI haiM, jisase jIvoM ko bA~dhA jAtA hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki sampUrNa AcAryoM kA tathA RSi AdikoM kA isa viSaya meM yahI mata thA ki vedoM meM adhyAtma vidyA nahIM ke barAbara hai| jo hai vaha yAjJika ADambara athavA devatAoM kI alaMkArika stutiyoM se tirobhUta hokara prabhAvahIna aura niHsAra-sI dIkha par3atI hai| brahma ke bAre meM "bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA" pustaka meM isa prakAra batAyA hai| upaniSadoM kA brahma eka aura advitIya hai| vaha dvaita se zUnya hai| usameM jJAtA aura jJeya kA bheda nahIM hai| eka hI satya hai| nAnAtva avidyA ke phalasvarUpa dIkhatA hai| isa prakAra upaniSadoM ke brahma kI vyAkhyA ekavAdI kahI jA sakatI hai| - brahma kAlAtIta hai| vaha nitya aura zAzvata hai| vaha kAla ke adhIna nahIM hai| yadyapi brahma kAlAtIta hai, phira bhI vaha kAla kA AdhAra hai| vaha atIta aura bhaviSya kA svAmI hone ke bAvajUda trikAla se pare mAnA gayA hai| . : .. brahma kAraNa se pare hai| isIlie va parivartanoM ke adhIna nahIM hai| vaha ajara, amara hai| parivartana mithyA hai| vaha kAraNa se zUnya hote hue bhI vyavahAra jagat kA AdhAra hai|" .. / . upaniSad meM brahma kI niSedhAtmaka vyAkhyA para jora diyA gayA hai| vRhadAraNyaka upaniSada meM 'neti-neti' ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| yAjJavalkya ne kahA hai- brahma na yaha aura na vaha hai (neti-neti)| hama sirpha yaha kaha sakate haiM ki brahma kyA nahIM hai, hama yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki vaha kyA hai| brahma kI vyAkhyA nakArAtmaka zabdoM meM vRhadAraNyaka upaniSada meM isa prakAra kI gaI hai- vaha sthUla nahIM hai, sUkSma nahIM hai, laghu nahIM hai, dIrgha nahIM hai, chAyAmaya nahIM hai, andhakAramaya nahIM hai| vaha rasa tathA gandha se vihIna hai| vaha netra tathA kAna se vihIna hai| usameM vANI nahIM hai, zvAsa nahIM hai| usameM na andara hai aura na baahr|

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 43 kaThopaniSad meM niSedhAtmaka vyAkhyA para bala dete hue kahA gayA hai ki brahma azabda, arUpa, asparza, arasa, agandha, anAdi aura ananta hai| taittarIya upaniSad meM brahma ko 'vANI' evaM 'mana' se pare batalAyA gayA hai| brahma ko na pAkara vANI aura mana lauTa Ate haiN| (yato vAco nivartante aprApya manasA saha) isa prakAra neti-neti siddhAnta ke dvArA brahma kI anirvacanIyatA kA bodha hotA hai| brahma kI anirvacanIyatA se yaha niSkarSa nikAlanA ki brahma asat hai bhrAmaka hogaa| ... brahma anantima hai| vaha sabhI prakAra kI sImAoM se zUnya hai, parantu isase yaha niSkarSa nikAlanA ki brahma ajJeya hai, sarvathA galata hogaa| upaniSad meM brahma ko jJAna kA AdhAra kahA gayA hai| vaha jJAna kA viSaya nahIM hai| ___brahmajJAna hI upaniSadoM kA lakSya hai| brahmajJAna ke binA koI bhI jJAna sambhava nahIM hai, use ajJeya kahanA bhrAmaka hai| yadyapi upaniSad meM brahma ko nirguNa kahA gayA hai, parantu isase yaha niSkarSa nikAlanA ki brahma guNoM se zUnya hai anucita hogaa| brahma ke tIna svarUpa lakSaNa batalAye gaye haiN| vaha vizuddha sat, vizuddha cit aura vizuddha Ananda haiN| jisa sat, cit aura Ananda ko hama vyAvahArika jagata meM pAte haiM; vaha brahma kA sat, cit aura Ananda nahIM hai| brahma kA sat sAMsArika sat se pare hai| usakA cit jJAtA aura jJeya ke bheda se pare hai| brahma svabhAvataH sat, cit aura Ananda hai| ataH upaniSad meM brahma ko 'saccidAnanda' kahA gayA hai| upaniSadoM meM jIva aura AtmA : * upaniSadoM meM AtmA ko carama tattva mAnA gayA hai, AtmA aura brahma vastutaH abhinna haiN| upaniSad meM AtmA aura brahma kI abhinnatA para jora diyA gayA hai| 'tattvamasi ahaM brahmAsmi' Adi vAkya AtmA aura brahma kI ekatA para bala dete haiN| zaMkara ne bhI AtmA aura brahma ke abheda para jora diyA hai| AtmA mUla caitanya hai| vaha jJAtA hai, jJeya nahIM hai| mUla cetanA ke AdhAra ko hI AtmA kahA gayA hai| vaha nitya aura sarvavyApI hai| AtmA-vicAra upaniSadoM kA kendra bindu hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki AtmA kI vizada vyAkhyA upaniSadoM meM nihita hai| prajApati aura indra ke vArtAlApa meM prajApati AtmA ke svarUpa kI carcA karate hue kahate haiM ki yaha zarIra nahIM hai| ise vaha bhI nahIM kahA jA

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44 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA sakatA, jisakI anubhUti svapna yA svapna rahita nidrA avasthA meM hotI hai| AtmA una saba meM rahane ke bAvajUda bhI usase pare hai| chAndogya upaniSad meM vivecita AtmA kI vibhinna avasthAoM kA vivaraNa apekSita hai| prajApati ne AtmA kI vizeSatAoM kA vivaraNa karate hue kahA hai-'AtmA jarA se mukta hai roga aura mRtyu se mukta hai| pApa se mukta hai| AtmA zoka, bhUkha, pyAsa se mukta hai|" prajApati ne yathArtha AtmA ko jAnane ke lie logoM ko prerita kiyaa| devatAoM ne apane pratinidhi ke rUpa meM indra ko tathA dAnavoM ne apane pratinidhi ke rUpa meM virocana ko AtmA kI jAnakArI ke lie bhejaa| prajApati ne una donoM ko battIsa varSa taka kaThina tapasyA ke uparAnta, AtmajJAna ke liye Ane kA Adeza diyaa| tapasyA kI avadhi samApta hone ke bAda donoM prajApati ke pAsa Aye, taba prajApati ne isa prakAra upadeza dete hue kahA-'jala meM jhA~kane para yA darpaNa meM dekhane para, jo puruSa dikhAI detA hai, vahI AtmA hai| virocana isa mata se santuSTa ho gaye aura dAnava-varga meM jAkara unhoMne pracAra kiyA ki jIvita zarIra hI AtmA hai, parantu indra ko yaha mata santoSajanaka nahIM lgaa| yadi AtmA zarIra kI chAyA mAtra hai; taba zarIra ke andhA, la~gar3A, lUlA hone para AtmA ko bhI andhA, la~gar3A, lUlA honA hogaa| zarIra ke anta ho jAne para AtmA kA bhI nAza hogaa| indra apanI zaMkA ke samAdhAna hetu prajApati ke pAsa phuNce| prajApati ne indra ko battIsa varSa tapasyA ke bAda Ane kA Adeza diyaa| tadanantara prajApati ne isa prakAra upadeza diyA-'svapna ke samaya jo puruSa svapna dekhatA hai, vahI AtmA hai| svapna-dRSTA arthAt jo puruSa svapna meM mukta vicaraNa karatA huA dikhAI detA hai, vahI AtmA hai|' indra ko punaH sandeha huaa| yadyapi svapna-puruSa zarIra ke doSoM se prabhAvita nahIM hotA phira bhI vaha bhayabhIta tathA rotA huA pratIta hotA hai| aisI AtmA kA jJAna . hitakara nahIM pratIta hotA hai| indra apanI zaMkA ke samAdhAna hetu punaH prajApati ke pAsa pahu~cate haiM jo unheM battIsa varSa aura tapa karane kA Adeza dete haiN| tapasyA ke uparAnta jaba indra prajApati ke pAsa pahu~cate haiM, taba prajApati isa prakAra upadeza dete hue kahate haiM- jo suSupti-puruSa svapna rahita pragAr3ha nidrA meM lipta rahatA hai,

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 45 vahI AtmA hai|' indra ko punaH zaMkA huii| suSupti puruSa ko kisI prakAra kI anubhUti nahIM hotI hai| ise sukha yA duHkha kA anubhava nahIM ho pAtA hai| yahA~ na jJAna hai aura na saMkalpa hai| isa avasthA meM AtmA zUnya ke tulya pratIta hotI hai| indra apanI zaMkA ke nivAraNa ke lie prajApati ke pAsa pahu~cate haiM jo unheM pA~ca varSa aura tapa karane kA Adeza dete haiN| tapasyA kI avadhi samApta hone ke pazcAt jaba indra prajApati ke pAsa pahu~cate haiM, taba prajApati santuSTa hokara unheM isa prakAra upadeza dete haiM-'vAstavika AtmA, Atmacaitanya, sAkSI, svaprakAza hai| yaha svataH siddha hai yaha prakAzoM kA prakAza hai| yaha AtmA tIna avasthAoM kA AdhAra hai| jo isa AtmA ko jAna letA hai usakI sArI icchAyeM pUrNa ho jAtI haiN| uparyukta vivecana meM hama AtmA kI cAra avasthAoM kA vivaraNa pAte haiM - 1. zArIrika AtmA 2. Anubhavika AtmA 3. vizvAtIta AtmA 4. nirapekSa AtmA upaniSadoM ke anusAra jIva aura AtmA meM bheda hai| jIva aura AtmA upaniSad ke anusAra eka hI zarIra meM andhakAra aura prakAza kI taraha nivAsa karate haiN| jIva karma ke phaloM ko bhogatA hai aura sukha-duHkha anubhava karatA hai| AtmA isake viparIta kUTastha hai, jIva ajJAnI hai| ajJAna ke phalasvarUpa use bandhana aura duHkha kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| AtmA jJAnI hai| AtmA kA jJAna ho jAne se jIva duHkha evaM bandhana se chuTakArA pA jAtA hai| jIvAtmA karma ke dvArA, puNya-pApa kA arjana karatA hai aura unake phala bhogatA hai, lekina AtmA karma aura pApa-puNya se pare hai| vaha jIvAtmA ke andara rahakara bhI usake kiye hue karmoM kA phala nahIM bhogatA / AtmA-jIvAtmA ke bhogoM kA udAsIna sAkSI hai| . ___ 'jIva aura AtmA donoM ko upaniSad meM nitya aura aja mAnA gayA hai| upaniSadoM meM jIvAtmA ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| vaha zarIra, indriya, mana, buddhi se alaga tathA inase pare hai| vaha jJAtA, kartA tathA bhoktA hai| usakA punarjanma karmoM ke anusAra niyamita hotA hai| jIvAtmA ananta jJAna se zUnya hai|'18 jIvAtmA kI cAra avasthAoM kA saMketa upaniSad meM hai|

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA ve haiM - (1) jAgRtAvasthA, (2) svapnAvasthA, ( 3 ) suSuptAvasthA aura (4) turIyAvasthA / 46 jAgRtAvasthA meM jIvAtmA 'vizva' kahalAtA hai| vaha bAhya indriyoM dvArA sAMsArika viSayoM kA bhoga karatA hai / svapnAvasthA meM jIvAtmA 'taijasa' kahalAtA hai / vaha Antarika sUkSma vastuoM ko jAnatA hai aura unakA bhoga karatA hai| suSupti kI avasthA meM jIvAtmA 'prajJA' kahalAtA hai, jo ki zuddha citta ke rUpa meM vidyamAna rahatA hai| isa avasthA meM vaha Antarika yA bAhya vastuoM ko nahIM dekhatA hai| turIyAvasthA meM jIvAtmA ko AtmA kahA jAtA hai / vaha zuddha caitanya hai / turIyAvasthA kI AtmA hI brahma hai / mANDUkya upaniSad meM AtmA kI ina avasthAoM kA ullekha huA hai / taittirIya upaniSad meM jIva ke pA~ca koSoM kA varNana hai - (1) annamaya koSa -sthUla zarIra ko annamaya koSa kahA gayA hai| yaha anna para Azrita hai| (2) prANamaya koSa - annamaya koSa ke andara prANamaya koSa hai / yaha zarIra meM gati dene vAlI prANa zaktiyoM se nirmita huA hai / yaha prANa para Azrita hai / (3) manomaya koSa - prANamaya koSa ke andara manomaya koSa hai| yaha mana para nirbhara hai| isameM svArthamaya icchAyeM haiM / (4) vijJAnamaya koSa - manomaya koSa ke andara 'vijJAnamaya koSa' hai / yaha buddhi para Azrita hai| isameM jJAtA aura jJeya kA bheda karane vAlA jJAna nihita hai / ( 5 ). Anandamaya koSa - vijJAnamaya koSa ke andara Anandamaya koSa hai / yaha jJAtA aura jJeya ke bheda se zUnya caitanya hai| isameM Ananda kA nivAsa hai / yaha pAramArthika aura pUrNa hai / yaha AtmA kA sAra hai, na ki koSa / yahI brahma hai / isa AtmA ke jJAna se jIvAtmA bandhana se chuTakArA pA jAtA hai| isa jJAna kA AdhAra aparokSa anubhUti hai / cU~ki AtmA kA vAstavika svarUpa Anandamaya hai, isalie AtmA ko saccidAnanda bhI kahA gayA hai| AtmA zuddha sat, citta aura Ananda kA sammizraNa hai| AtmA kI vibhinna avasthAoM ke vizleSaNa se yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki AtmA sat + cit + Ananda hai / upaniSadoM meM jagata sambandhI vicAra upaniSad darzana meM jaMgata ko satya mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki jagata brahma

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 47 kI abhivyakti hai| brahma hI jagata kI utpatti kA kAraNa hai| jagata brahma se utpanna hotA hai, usI se palatA hai aura anta meM usI meM samA jAtA hai| vRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM kahA gayA hai ki brahma sRSTi kI racanA karatA hai aura usI meM praviSTa ho jAtA hai| deza, kAla, prakRti Adi brahma kA AvaraNa haiM, kyoMki sabhI meM brahma vyApta hai| jisa prakAra namaka pAnI meM ghula kara sAre pAnI ko vyApta kara letA hai, usI prakAra brahma padArthoM ke andara vyApta ho jAtA hai| upaniSad meM kaI sthAnoM para jagata ko brahma kA vikAsa mAnA gayA hai| brahma se jagata ke vikAsa kA krama bhI upaniSadoM meM nihita hai| vikAsa kA krama yaha hai ki sarvaprathama brahma se AkAza kA vikAsa hotA hai| AkAza se vAyu kA, vAyu se agni kA vikAsa hotA hai| jagata ke vikAsa ke atirikta upaniSad meM jagata ke pA~ca staroM kA ullekha huA hai, jise 'paMcakoSa' kahA jAtA hai| annamaya, prANamaya, manomaya, vijJAnamaya aura Anandamaya ko paMcakoSa kahA gayA hai| bhautika padArtha ko annamaya kahA gayA hai| paudhe prANamaya haiM, pazu manomaya hai| manuSya ko vijJAnamaya tathA vizva ke vAstavika svarUpa ko Anandamaya kahA gayA hai| saSTi kI vyAkhyA upaniSadoM meM sAdRzyatA evaM upamAoM ke bala para kI gayI hai| jaise prajjvalita agni se cinagAriyA~ nikalatI haiM, sone se gahane bana jAte haiM, motI se camaka utpanna hotI hai, bA~surI se dhvani nikalatI hai; vaise hI brahma se sRSTi hotI hai| makar3I kI upamA se bhI jagata ke vikAsa kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| jisa prakAra makar3I ke andara se usake dvArA banAye gaye jala ke dhAge nikalate haiM, isI prakAra brahma se sRSTi hotI hai| sRSTi ko brahma kI lIlA bhI mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki yaha AnandadAyaka khela hai| niSkarSa rUpa meM hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki 'upaniSadoM meM kahIM bhI vizva ko eka bhramajAla nahIM kahA gayA hai| upaniSada ke RSigaNa prAkRtika jagat ke andara jIvana-yApana karate rahe aura unhoMne isa jagat se dUra bhAgane kA vicAra taka nahIM kiyaa| jagat ko kahIM bhI upaniSad meM nirjana evaM zUnya nahIM mAnA gayA hai| ataH upaniSad jagat se palAyana kI zikSA nahIM detA hai| 19 upaniSadoM meM mAyA aura avidyA sambandhI vicAra -.. upaniSadoM meM mAyA aura avidyA kA vicAra bhI pUrNataH vyApta hai|

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48 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA zaMkara ke mAyA evaM avidyA siddhAnta ke sambandha meM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki zaMkara ne inheM bauddha darzana se grahaNa kiyA hai| yadi yaha satya nahIM hai to mAyA sambandhI vicAra zaMkara ke mana kI upaja hai| donoM vicAra bhrAmaka pratIta hote haiN| zaMkara ne mAyA aura avidyA sambandhI dhAraNA ko upaniSad se grahaNa kiyA hai| pro. rAnA De ne apanI prasiddha pustaka | Constructive survey of Upanisadic Philosophy meM yaha dikhalAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki mAyA aura avidyA vicAra kA srota upaniSad haiN| upaniSadoM meM aneka sthAnoM para mAyA evaM avidyA kI carcA haI hai, jinameM se kucha nimnalikhita haiM - - zvetAzvetara upaniSad meM kahA gayA hai ki Izvara mAyAvina hai| mAyA Izvara kI zakti hai, jisake bala para vaha vizva kI sRSTi karatA hai| - chAndogya upaniSada meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmA eka carama tattva hai| zeSa sabhI vastue~ nAma rUpa mAtra haiN| - prazna upaniSad meM kahA gayA hai ki hama brahma ko taba taka prApta nahIM kara sakate, jaba taka ki hama bhrama kI avAstavikatA se mukta nahIM hote haiN| - vRhadAraNyaka upaniSada meM avAstavikatA kI tulanA asat evaM andhakAra se kI gaI hai| chAndogya upaniSad meM vidyA kI tulanA zakti se tathA avidyA kI tulanA azakti se huI hai| - zvetAzvetara upaniSada meM Izvara kI upAsanA ko mAyA kI nivRtti ke lie apekSita mAnA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai ki 'hama Izvara kI upAsanA ke dvArA mAyA se nivRtti pA sakate haiN|' - chAndogya upaniSad ke anusAra jagata ke asatyoM meM satya tathA anizcitatAoM meM nizcittatA nihita hai| mAyA satya para pardA DAla detI hai tathA vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko chipA detI hai| - vRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM asat se sat kI ora, andhakAra se prakAza kI ora, mRtyu se amaratA kI ora le calane kI prArthanA kI gaI hai| isase pramANita hotA hai ki avidyA ko asat, andhakAra tathA mRtyu ke tulya mAnA gayA hai| - muNDaka upaniSad meM avidyA ko granthi kahA gayA hai, jise kholane para hI AtmA kA darzana sambhava hai|

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 49 bandha aura mokSa anya bhAratIya darzanoM kI taraha upaniSad meM bandhana evaM mokSa kA vicAra nihita hai| mokSa ko jIvana kA carama lakSya mAnA gayA hai / avidyA bandhana kA kAraNa hai| avidyA ke kAraNa bandhana utpanna hotA hai / yaha ahaMkAra hI jIvoM ko bandhana - grasta kara detA hai / isake prabhAva meM jIva indriyA~, mana, buddhi athavA zarIra se tAdAtmya karane lagatA hai / bandhana kI avasthA meM jIvoM ko brahma, AtmA, jagat ke vAstavika svarUpa kA ajJAna rahatA hai| isa ajJAna ke phalasvarUpa vaha avAstavika evaM kSaNika padArtha ko vAstavika tathA yathArtha samajhane lagatA hai / bandhana ko upaniSada meM 'granthi' bhI kahA gayA hai / granthi kA artha hai- ba~dha jAnA vidyA se hI mokSa sambhava hai; kyoMki andhakAra kA chuTakArA vidyA se hI sambhava hai| vidyA ke vikAsa ke lie upaniSad meM naitika anuzAsana para bala diyA gayA hai| ina anuzAsanoM meM satya, ahiMsA, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha pramukha hai / mokSa kI avasthA meM jIva apane yathArtha svarUpa ko pahacAna letA hai tathA brahma ke sAtha tAdAtmyatA ho jAtI hai / jIva kA brahma se ekatra ho jAnA mokSa hai / jisa prakAra nadI samudra meM milakara eka ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra jIva brahma meM milakara eka ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra mukti aikya kA jJAna hai mokSa kI avasthA meM eka brahma kI anubhUti hotI hai tathA sabhI bhedoM kA anta ho jAtA hai / upaniSada meM mokSa ko Anandamaya avasthA mAnA gayA hai| mokSa kI avasthA meM jIva kA brahma se ekAkAra ho jAtA hai| brahma Anandamaya hai, isalie mokSAvasthA ko bhI Anandamaya mAnA gayA hai| upaniSad meM jIvana mukti aura videha mukti donoM avadhAraNA ko svIkArA gayA hai / kaTha upaniSada meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa samaya sampUrNa kAmanAe~ samApta ho jAtI haiM, usa samaya martya amara ho jAtA hai / vaha isI zarIra meM brahma ko prApta kara letA hai| jIvana mukta saMsAra meM rahatA hai, parantu saMsAra kI apUrNatAoM se prabhAvita nahIM ho pAtA hai / vaha karma-niyama kI adhInatA se mukta ho jAtA hai / jisa prakAra jala kamala ke pattoM para nahIM Thahara pAtA hai, usI prakAra karma 1

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50 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA jIva mukta para nahIM cipakate haiN| prArabdha karmoM ke kSaya ho jAne para jIvanamukta videhamukta ho jAtA hai| upaniSad meM krama-mukti yA kramazaH mukti kA vivaraNa milatA hai| mukti ekAeka nahIM prApta hotI hai, apitu kramazaH yA kramika rUpa se prApta hotI hai| upaniSad meM mukti ko aprAptasya prApti nahIM mAnA gayA hai; kyoMki yaha AtmA kA nijI guNa hai| isalie mukti ko 'prAptasya prApti' kahA gayA hai| isa prasaMga kI vyAkhyA ke lie vRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM eka rAjakumAra kA udAharaNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jisakA saMyogavaza lAlana-pAlana bacapana se hI eka zikArI ke ghara meM hotA hai; para jo bAda meM jAna letA hai ki vaha rAjakamAra hai| usI prakAra jJAna kI prApti ke uparAnta bandha-AtmA ko apanI vAstavika sthiti kA bhAna hotA hai| upaniSad meM mokSa kI prApti karma ke dvArA nahIM mAnI gaI hai| karma meM kartA aura kArya kA bheda nihita hai| isalie karma ke dvArA jIvAtmA kA brahma ke sAtha ekarUpatA kA jJAna sambhava nahIM hai| mokSa kI prApti, upaniSad ke anusAra jJAna arthAt vidyA ke dvArA hai| vRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM kahA gayA hai ki 'brahma vidbrahmaiva bhavati' arthAt jo brahma ko jAna letA hai, vaha svayaM brahma ho jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki naciketA yama ke dvArA diye gaye sAre pralobhanoM ko ThukarA detA hai; kyoMki ye Atma-jJAna kI prApti meM bAdhaka hoNge| jJAna kI prApti ke lie upaniSad meM eka paddhati kI carcA huI hai, jisake tIna caraNa haiM - (1) zravaNa-jo vyakti mokSa kI kAmanA rakhatA hai, use upaniSad ke siddhAntoM kA guru ke Azrama meM jAkara sunanA caahie| yaha kArya zraddhApUrvaka honA caahie| (2) manana-yaha dUsarI sIr3hI hai| manana kI avasthA meM guru se prApta upadezoM para cintana aura vicAra karanA apekSita hai| isa avasthA meM tArkika prakriyA ke dvArA upadezoM para vicAra karanA vAMchanIya hai| (3) nididhyAsana-nididhyAsana dhyAna kA paryAya hai| isa avasthA meM jo jJAna prApta ho cukA hai, use yogAbhyAsa ke dvArA puSTa banAne kI dizA meM prayatnazIla rahanA caahie| uparyukta prakriyAoM ke pAlana ke phalasvarUpa bandhana grasta AtmA mukta ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra bandhana grasta AtmA kI prArthanA 'mujhe asat se

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 51 sat kI ora le calo, andhakAra se prakAza kI ora le calo, mRtyu se amaratA kI ora le calo' kI pUrti ho jAtI hai| (ga) nyAya darzana meM adhyAtma nyAya-darzana IzvaravAdI darzana hai| nyAyadarzana ke paMcAvayava vAkya pramukhatama pratipAdya haiN| usakI isI pramukhatA ke kAraNa hI use paramanyAya kahA gayA hai| so'yaM paramo nyAyaH / 20 vaha Izvara kI sattA meM vizvAsa karatA hai| nyAyasUtra meM jisake racayitA gautama haiM, Izvara kA ullekha milatA hai| kaNAda ne Izvara ke sambandha meM spaSTa rUpa se kucha nahIM kahA hai| bAda ke vaizeSika ne Izvara ke svarUpa kI pUrNa carcA kI hai| isa prakAra nyAya-vaizeSika donoM darzanoM meM Izvara kI prAmANikatA milI hai, donoM meM antara kevala mAtrA kA hai| nyAya Izvara para atyadhika jora detA hai, jabaki vaizeSika meM usa para utanA jora nahIM diyA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki nyAya ke Izvara sambandhI vicAra bhAratIya darzana meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiN| pramANa-zAstra ke bAda nyAya-darzana kA mahattvapUrNa aMga Izvara vicAra hai| nyAya-Izvara ko prasthApita karane ke lie aneka tarka prastuta karatA hai| una tarkoM ko jAnane ke pUrva nyAya dvArA pratiSThApita Izvara kA svarUpa jAnanA apekSita hai| nyAya ne Izvara ko eka AtmA kahA hai, jo caitanya se yukta hai| nyAya ke matAnusAra AtmA do prakAra kI hotI hai - (1) jIvAtmA (2) paramAtmA / paramAtmA ko hI Izvara kahA jAtA hai| Izvara jIvAtmA se pUrNataH bhinna hai| Izvara kA jJAna nitya hai| vaha nitya jJAna ke dvArA sabhI viSayoM kA aparokSa jJAna rakhatA hai; parantu jIvAtmA kA jJAna anitya, AMzika aura sImita hai| Izvara sabhI prakAra kI pUrNatA se yukta hai, jabaki jIvAtmA apUrNa hai| Izvara na baddha hai aura na mukt| bandhana aura mokSa zabda kA prayoga Izvara para nahIM lAgU kiyA jA sktaa| jIvAtmA isake viparIta pahale bandhana meM rahatA hai aura bAda meM mukta hotA hai| Izvara jIvAtmA ke karmoM kA mUlyAMkana kara apane ko pitA ke tulya siddha karatA hai| Izvara jIvAtmA ke prati vahI vyavahAra rakhatA hai| jaisA vyavahAra eka pitA apane putra ke prati rakhatA hai| Izvara vizva kA sRSTA, pAlaka aura saMhAraka hai| Izvara vizva kI sRSTi zUnya se nahIM karatA hai| vaha vizva kI sRSTi pRthvI, jala, vAyu, agni ke paramANuoM tathA AkAza, dik, kAla, mana tathA AtmAoM ke dvArA karatA

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52 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA hai| yadyapi Izvara vizva kI sRSTi aneka dravyoM ke mAdhyama se karatA hai, phira bhI Izvara kI zakti sImita nahIM ho paatii| ye dravya Izvara kI zakti ko sImita nahIM karate, kyoMki Izvara aura ina dravyoM ke bIca AtmA aura zarIra kA sambandha hai| yadyapi sRSTi kA upAdAna kAraNa cAra prakAra ke paramANuoM ko hI ThaharAyA jA sakatA hai, phira bhI Izvara kA hAtha sRSTi meM anamola hai / paramANuoM ke saMyojana se sRSTi hotI hai parantu ye paramANu gatihIna mAne gaye haiN| paramANuoM meM gati kA saMcAlana Izvara ke dvArA hotA hai / ataH Izvara ke abhAva meM sRSTi kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| jagata kI vyavasthA aura ekatA kA kAraNa paramANuoM kA saMyoga nahIM kahA jA sakatA / sarvazaktimAna aura sarvajJa vyakti Izvara hai / isa prakAra vizva kI sRSTi Izvara ke sarvazaktimAna aura sarvatra hone kA pramANa hai | 22 Izvara vizva kA pAlanakartA bhI hai| vaha vizva kI vibhinna vastuoM ko sthira rakhane meM sahAyaka hotA hai / yadi Izvara vizva ko dhAraNa nahIM kare to samasta vizva kA anta ho jAe / vizva ko dhAraNa karane kI zakti sirpha Izvara meM hI hai| Izvara ko sampUrNa vizva kA jJAna hai| Izvara kI icchA ke binA vizva kA eka pattA bhI nahIM gira sakatA / udayanAcArya ne nyAyakusumAMjali meM Izvara kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai - Izvaro'yaM nirAdhAraH sarvajJaH sarvazaktimAn / anAdiravikArI cAnantaH sarvagato vibhuH / / saccidAnandarUpo'pi dayAlunyAyatatparaH / sarge sthito laye hetuH nityaM tRpto nirAzrayaH / / arthAt Izvara nirAkAra, sarvajJa, sarvazaktimAna, anAdi, ananta, sarvavyApaka, saccidAnandarUpa, dayAlu, nyAyakArI tathA sRSTi kI racanA, pAlana evaM saMhAra kA hetu hai| vaha sadA tRpta hai, kisI ke Azraya meM nahIM rahatA / saMkSepa meM Izvara ke viSaya meM nyAya kI yahI mAnyatA hai / nyAya darzana ke AtmA, bandhana evaM mokSa sambandhI vicAra Atma vicAra-nyAya ke matAnusAra AtmA eka dravya hai| sukha-duHkha, - dveSa, icchA, prayatna aura jJAna AtmA ke guNa haiM / dharma aura adharma bhI AtmA ke guNa haiM aura zubha, azubha karmoM se utpanna hote haiM / rAga

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 53 nyAya AtmA ko svarUpataH acetana mAnatA hai / AtmA meM cetanA kA saMcAra eka vizeSa paristhiti meM hotA hai, cetana kA udaya AtmA meM tabhI hotA hai |23 jaba AtmA kA samparka mana ke sAtha tathA mana kA indriyoM ke sAtha samparka hotA hai tathA indriyoM kA brAhya jagat ke sAtha samparka hotA hai / yadi AtmA kA aisA samparka na ho to AtmA meM caitanya kA AvirbhAva nahIM ho sakatA hai 1 isa prakAra caitanya AtmA kA Agantuka guNa hai / AtmA vaha dravya hai, jo svarUpataH cetana na hone ke bAvajUda bhI caitanya ko dhAraNa karane kI kSamatA rakhatI hai| AtmA kA svAbhAvika rUpa suSupti aura mokSa kI avasthA meM dikha par3atA hai| jaba vaha caitanya guNa se zUnya rahatI hai / jAgRta avasthAoM meM mana, indriyA~ tathA bAhya jagata meM samparka hone ke kAraNa AtmA meM caitanya kA udaya hotA hai / nyAya kA AtmavicAra jaina aura sAMkhya ke Atma-vicAra kA virodhI hai| jaina aura sAMkhya darzanoM meM AtmA ko svarUpataH cetana mAnA gayA hai| ina darzanoM meM caitanya ko AtmA kA guNa kahane ke bajAya svabhAva mAnA gayA hai / AtmA zarIra se bhinna hai / zarIra ko apanI cetanA nahIM hai / zarIra jar3a hai, parantu AtmA cetana hai AtmA zarIra ke adhIna hai| isalie zarIra AtmA ke binA kriyA nahIM kara sakatA hai| 24 AtmA bAhya indriyoM se bhinna hai; kyoMki kalpanA, vicAra Adi mAnasika vyApAra bAhya indriyoM ke kArya nahIM haiM / 25 AtmA mana se bhI bhinna hai| nyAya-darzana meM mana ko aNu mAnA gayA hai| aNu hone ke kAraNa mana apratyakSa hai| mana ko AtmA mAnane se sukha, duHkha bhI mana hI ke guNa hoMge tathA ve aNu kI taraha apratyakSa hoMge; parantu sukha, duHkha kI pratyakSa anubhUti hameM milatI hai, jo yaha pramANita karatA hai ki sukha, duHkha mana ke guNa nahIM haiM; ataH mana ko AtmA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| AtmA ko mana kA pravAha mAnanA bhI apramANa - saMgata hai| yadi hama AtmA ko vijJAna kA pravAha mAtra mAnate haiM to vaisI hAlata meM smRti kI vyAkhyA karanA asambhava ho jAtA hai, ataH bauddha darzana ne AtmA ko vijJAna kA pravAha mAnakara bhArI bhUla kI hai| AtmA ko zuddha caitanya mAnanA jaisA ki zaMkara ne mAnA hai bhI bhrAmaka hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki zuddha caitanya nAmaka koI padArtha nahIM hai| caitanya

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54 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA ko AtmA mAnane ke badale dravya ko AtmA mAnanA, jisakA guNa caitanya ho, nyAya ke matAnusAra mAnya hai / nyAya - darzana meM AtmA kI aneka vizeSatAe~ batalAI gaI haiM / AtmA eka jJAtA hai| jAnanA AtmA kA dharma hai, vaha jJAna kA viSaya nahIM hotA hai| AtmA bhoktA hai| vaha sukha - duHkha kA anubhava karatA hai AtmA kartA hai| nyAya bhASya meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmA sabakA dRSTA sukha - duHkha ko bhogane vAlA aura vastuoM ko jAnane vAlA hai| AtmA nitya hai / AtmA niravayava hai| sAvayava viSayoM kA nAza hotA hai| AtmA avayavahIna hone ke kAraNa avinAzI hai / Izvara bhI na AtmA ko paidA kara sakatA hai aura na use mAra hI sakatA hai / yadyapi AtmA nitya hai, phira bhI AtmA ke kucha anitya guNa haiN| icchA, dveSa, prayatna Adi AtmA ke anitya guNa haiM / 1 AtmA karma niyama ke adhIna hai| apane zubha aura azubha karmoM ke anusAra hI AtmA zarIra grahaNa karatI hai / atIta janma ke karmoM ke anusAra AtmA ke andara eka adRzya zakti paidA hotI hai / jo AtmA ke lie eka ucita zarIra kA cunAva karatI hai| nyAya ke matAnusAra AtmA kA pUrva janma evaM punarjanma mAnanA par3atA hai | 26 nyAya ne AtmA ko vibhu mAnA hai / yaha kAla aura dik ke dvArA sImita nahIM hotI hai| yadyapi yaha vibhu hai, phira bhI isakA anubhava kevala zarIra ke andara hI hotA hai| AtmAoM kI saMkhyA ananta hai / pratyeka zarIra meM eka bhinna AtmA kA nivAsa hai / bandhana kI avasthA meM yaha nirantara AtmA ke sAtha rahatA hai / nyAya - darzana jIvAtmA ko aneka mAnakara anekAtmavAda ke siddhAnta ko apanAtA hai| nyAya kA yaha vicAra jaina aura sAMkhya ke vicAra se milatA hai / nyAya kA anekAtmavAda zaMkara ke Atma-vicAra kA niSedha karatA hai / zaMkara ne AtmA ko eka mAnakara ekAtmavAda ke siddhAnta ko apanAyA hai| nyAya zaMkara ke ekAtmavAda kI AlocanA karate hue kahatA hai ki yadi AtmA eka hotI to eka vyakti ke anubhava se sabako anubhava ho jAtA tathA eka vyakti ke bandhana yA mokSa se sabakA bandhana yA mokSa ho jAtA, parantu aisA nahIM hotA

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 55 hai| isase pramANita hotA hai ki AtmA aneka haiN| AtmA ke astitva ke pramANa nyAya meM AtmA ke astitva ke kaI pramANa diye gaye haiM, jo nimna haiM - 1 icchA aura dveSa se AtmA kA astitva pramANita hotA hai| kisI vastu kI icchA kA kAraNa hai, bhUtakAla meM usa taraha kI vastu ko dekhakara jo sukha milatA thA, usakA smaraNa honaa| kisI vastu kI icchA honA yaha pramANita karatA hai ki jisa AtmA ne bhUtakAla meM kisI vastu ko dekhakara sukha kA anubhava kiyA thA, vaha Aja bhI usa taraha kI vastu ko dekhakara usase prApta sukha kA smaraNa karatA hai| isI prakAra kisI vastu ke prati dveSa honA bhI usa prakAra kI vastu se bhUtakAla meM jo duHkha milA thA, usake smaraNa para nirbhara hai| sthAyI AtmA ke binA icchA aura dveSa sambhava nahIM haiN| . 2 sukha aura duHkha bhI AtmA ke astitva ko pramANita karatA hai| jaba kisI vastu ko dekhane se AtmA ko sukha aura duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai to isakA artha yaha hai ki AtmA ko usa samaya yaha smaraNa ho jAtA hai ki bhUtakAla meM usa taraha kI vastu se use sukha yA duHkha milA thaa| 3 jJAna se bhI AtmA kI sattA pramANita hotI hai| hameM kisI cIja ko jAnane kI icchA hotI hai| isake bAda hameM saMzaya hotA hai ki sAmane vahI cIja hai athavA dUsarI, anta meM hameM usa cIja kA nizcayAtmaka jJAna hotA hai| jise icchA hotI hai, jo saMzaya karatA hai aura jo anta meM nizcayAtmaka jJAna prApta karatA hai, vaha eka hI AtmA hai| 4 cArvAka kA kahanA hai ki caitanya zarIra kA guNa hai| nyAya isa mata : kA khaNDana karatA hai, yadi caitanya zarIra kA Avazyaka guNa hotA to mRtyu ke bAda bhI usameM yaha guNa banA rahatA tathA jIvana kAla meM caitanya kA nAza nahIM hotA, parantu mRtyu aura mUrchA yaha pramANita karatA hai ki zarIra caitanyarahita ho jAtA hai| ataH caitanya ko zarIra kA Avazyaka guNa kahanA bhrAmaka hai| yadi caitanya ko zarIra kA Agantuka guNa mAnA jAe to usake udaya hone kA kAraNa zarIra se bhinna koI cIja honI caahie| isase pramANita hotA hai, caitanya zarIra kA guNa nahIM hai| 5 caitanya ko jJAnendriyoM kA guNa mAnanA bhrAmaka hai| jJAnendriyA~

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56 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA bhautika tattvoM se nirmita huI haiN| jisa prakAra zarIra caitanya se zUnya hai, usI prakAra jJAnendriyA~ bhI caitanya - guNa se yukta nahIM haiN| jJAnendriyA~ jJAna ke sAdhana haiM, AtmA jJAnendriyoM ke dvArA jJAna prApta karatI hai / jJAnendriyA~ jJAna nahIM haiM, jo jJAna nahIM hai, unakA guNa caitanya ko mAnanA bhrAntimUlaka hai| AtmA isake viparIta jJAtA hai| isase bhI pramANita hotA hai ki caitanya AtmA kA guNa hai| 6 smRti yA pratyabhijJA ko samajhAne ke lie AtmA ko mAnanA Avazyaka hai| yadi AtmA ko nahIM mAnA jAe to smRti aura pratyabhijJA sambhava nahIM ho sakate haiM / aba prazna uThatA hai ki AtmA kA jJAna kisa prakAra hotA hai? prAcIna naiyAyikoM ke matAnusAra AtmA kI pratyakSa anubhUti nahIM hotI hai| AtmA kA jJAna inake anusAra prApta vacanoM athavA anumAna se prApta hotA hai| navya - naiyAyikoM kA kahanA hai ki AtmA kA jJAna mAnasa - pratyakSa se hotA hai / maiM sukhI hU~, maiM duHkhI hU~ Adi rUpoM meM hI AtmA kA mAnasa - pratyakSa hotA hai / bandha evaM mokSa vicAra nyAya darzana meM anya bhAratIya darzanoM kI taraha jIvana kA carama lakSya mokSa kI prApti hai / mokSa ke svarUpa aura usake sAdhana kI carcA karane ke pUrva bandhana ke sambandha meM kucha jAnanA apekSita hogA / nyAya ke matAnusAra AtmA, zarIra, indriya aura mana se bhinna hai; parantu aMjJAna ke kAraNa AtmA, zarIra, indriya athavA mana se apanA pArthakya nahIM samajhatI / isake viparIta vaha zarIra, indriya aura mana ko apanA aMga samajhane lagatI hai| ina viSayoM ke sAtha vaha tAdAtmyatA hAsila karatI hai / ise hI bandhana kahate haiM / bandhana kI avasthA meM mAnava mana meM galata dhAraNAe~ nivAsa karane lagatI haiM / 27 inameM kucha galata dhAraNAe~ nimna haiM 1. anAtma tattva ko AtmA samajhanA / 2. kSaNika vastu ko sthAyI samajhanA / 3. dukha ko sukha samajhanA / 4. apriya vastu ko priya samajhanA / 5. karma evaM karma phala kA niSedha karanA / 6. apavarga ke sambandha meM sandeha karanA /

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 57 bandhana kI avasthA meM AtmA ko sAMsArika duHkhoM ke adhIna rahanA par3atA hai| bandhana kI avasthA meM AtmA ko nirantara janma grahaNa karanA par3atA hai| isa prakAra jIvana ke duHkhoM ko sahanA tathA punaH punaH janma grahaNa karanA hI bandhana hai, bandhana kA anta mokSa hai| naiyAyikoM ke anusAra mokSa duHkha ke pUrNa nirodha kI avasthA hai| mokSa ko apavarga kahate haiN| apavarga kA artha hai-zarIra aura indriyoM ke bandhana se AtmA kA mukta honA, jaba taka AtmA zarIra, indriya aura mana grasita rahatI hai taba taka use duHkha se pUrNa chuTakArA nahIM mila sakatA hai|28 gautama ne duHkha ke Atyantika uccheda ko mokSa kahA haiN| hameM pragAr3ha nidrA ke samaya, kisI roga se vimukta hone para duHkha se chuTakArA milatA hai, use mokSa nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki ina avasthAoM meM duHkha se chuTakArA kucha hI kAla taka ke lie milatA hai, punaH duHkha kI anubhUti hotI hai| mokSa isake viparIta duHkhoM se hamezA ke lie mukta ho jAne kA nAma hai| naiyAyikoM ke matAnusAra mokSa eka aisI avasthA hai, jisameM AtmA ke kevala duHkhoM kA hI anta nahIM hotA hai balki usake sukhoM kA bhI anta ho jAtA hai| mokSa kI avasthA ko AnandavihIna mAnA gayA hai| Ananda sarvadA duHkha se mile rahate haiN| duHkha ke abhAva meM Ananda kA bhI nAza ho jAtA haiN| kucha naiyAyikoM kA kahanA hai ki Ananda kI prApti zarIra ke mAdhyama se hotI hai| mokSa meM zarIra kA nAza ho jAne se Ananda kA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai| isase pramANita hotA hai ki mokSa meM AtmA apanI svAbhAvika avasthA meM A jAtI hai, vaha sukha-duHkha se zUnya hokara bilakula acetana ho jAtI hai| kisI prakAra kI anubhUti usameM zeSa nahIM raha jAtI hai| yaha AtmA kI carama avasthA hai| isakA varNana abhayam, ajaram, amRtyupadam Adi abhAvAtmaka rUpoM meM huA hai| aba prazna uThatA hai ki mokSa prApta karane ke upAya kyA haiM? naiyAyikoM ke anusAra sAMsArika duHkhoM yA bandhana kA mUla kAraNa ajJAna hai| ___ ajJAna kA nAza tattvajJAna ke dvArA hI sambhava hai| tattvajJAna hone para mithyAjJAna svayaM nivRtta ho jAtA hai| jaisA rajju ke jJAna se sarpa kA jJAna svayaM nivRtta ho jAtA hai| zarIra ko AtmA samajhanA mithyAjJAna hai| isa

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58 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA mithyAjJAna kA nAza tabhI ho sakatA hai, jaba AtmA apane ko indriyoM yA mana se bhinna smjhe| isalie tattvajJAna ko apanAnA Avazyaka hai| mokSa pAne ke lie nyAya darzana meM zravaNa, manana aura nididhyAsana para jora diyA gayA hai| zravaNa-mokSa pAne ke lie zAstroM kA vizeSa rUpa se unake AtmA viSayaka upadezoM ko sunanA caahie| manana-zAstroM se AtmA viSayaka jJAna para vicAra karanA cAhie tathA sudRr3ha banAnA caahie| nididhyAsana-manana ke bAda yoga ke batalAye gaye mArga ke anusAra AtmA kA nirantara dhyAna karanA apekSita hai; ise nididhyAsana kahate haiN| yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhyAna, dhAraNA aura samAdhi-ye yoga ke ATha aMga haiN| ... ina abhyAsoM kA phala yaha hotA hai ki manuSya AtmA ko zarIra se bhinna samajhane lagatA hai| manuSya ke isa mithyAjJAna 'maiM zarIra aura mana hU~' kA anta ho jAtA hai| use AtmajJAna hotA hai| AtmA ko jakar3ane vAle dharma aura adharma kA sarvaprathama nAza ho jAne se zarIra aura jJAnendriyoM kA nAza ho jAtA hai| AtmA kI vAsanAoM evaM prakRtiyoM para vijaya hotI hai| isa prakAra AtmA punarjanma evaM dukha se mukta ho jAtI hai| yahI apavarga hai| nyAya darzana meM sirpha videha mukti ko prAmANikatA milI hai| jIvana mukti jise bauddha, sAMkhya, zAMkara mAnate haiM, kintu naiyAyikoM ko mAnya nahIM hai| nyAya ke mokSa vicAra kI kAphI AlocanA huI hai| nyAya meM mokSa ko abhAvAtmaka avasthA kahA hai| isa avasthA kI prApti se sabhI prakAra ke jJAna sukha-duHkha, dharma-adharma kA nAza ho jAtA hai, isalie vedAntiyoM ne nyAya ke mokSa sambandhI vicAra kI AlocanA yaha kahakara kI hai ki yahA~ AtmA patthara ke samAna ho jAtI hai| mokSa kA Adarza isa prakAra utsAhavardhaka nahIM rahatA hai| aise mokSa ko apanAne ke lie prayatnazIla rahanA jisameM AtmA patthara ke samAna ho jAtI hai, buddhimattA nahIM hai| kucha AlocakoM ne isalie nyAya ke mokSa ko eka arthahIna zabda kahA haiN| eka vaiSNava vicAraka nyAya ke mokSa-vicAra kI AlocanA karate hue kahate haiM ki nyAya-darzana meM jisa prakAra kI mukti kI kalpanA kI gaI hai,

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA _ 59 use prApta karane se acchA to yaha hai ki hama siyAra banakara vRndAvana ke sundara jaMgala meM vicaraNa kreN| __ nyAya ne mokSa ko Ananda se zUnya mAnA hai, usakA kahanA hai ki Ananda duHkha se mizrita rahatA hai| duHkha ke abhAva meM Ananda kA bhI abhAva hotA hai, parantu naiyAyika yahA~ bhUla jAtA hai ki Ananda sukha se bhinna hai| mokSa meM jisa Ananda kI prApti hotI hai, vaha sAMsArika dukha aura sukha se pare hai, ataH mokSa ko Anandamaya mAnanA bhrAmaka nahIM hai| naiyAyikoM ko ina kaThinAiyoM se Age calakara avagata hotA hai ki navya-naiyAyikoM ne mokSa ko Anandamaya avasthA mAnA hai, parantu mokSa ko Anandamaya mAnanA nyAya ke AtmA sambandhI vicAra se asaMyata hai| ise mAnane ke lie AtmA ko svarUpataH cetana mAnanA Avazyaka hai| niSkarSataH nyAyadarzana ko adhyAtma vidyA yA mokSa kA zAstra nahIM mAnanA aura yaha kahanA ki nyAya, tattvajJAna aura mokSa ko chor3akara kevala vAda-vijJAna meM hI kauzala prApta karane kA hI usakA lakSya hai- nyAya saMgata nahIM hai| nyAyadarzana meM varNita mokSa kA svarUpa tathA usako prApta karane ke sAdhana evaM jIvanamukti kI carcA ke AdhAra para yaha adhikAra ke sAtha kahA jA sakatA hai ki nyAyadarzana bhI utanA hI AdhyAtmika darzana hai|29 (gha) vaizeSika darzana meM adhyAtma kA svarUpa bhAratIya dArzanika sampradAyoM ko Astika aura nAstika vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| vaizeSika darzana bhAratIya vicAradhArA meM Astika darzana kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki vaha anya Astika darzanoM kI taraha veda kI prAmANikatA meM vizvAsa karatA hai| isa darzana kA praNetA kaNAda ko ThaharAyA jAtA hai| unake viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai ki ve anna-kaNoM ko kheta se cunakara apanA jIvana nirvAha kiyA karate the, isIlie unakA nAma kaNAda par3A-aisA vidvAnoM ke dvArA batAyA jAtA hai| kaNAda kA asala nAma ulUka thA, isI kAraNa vaizeSika darzana ko kaNAda athavA aulUkya darzana kI bhI saMjJA dI jAtI hai|30 ___ vaizeSika darzana ko vaizeSika darzana kahalAne kA kAraNa yaha batalAyA jAtA hai ki isa darzana meM vizeSa nAmaka padArtha kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| vizeSa ko mAnane ke kAraNa hI ise 'vaizeSika' kahA jAtA hai |

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60 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA vaizeSika darzana kA vikAsa 300 I. pUrva huA mAnA jAtA hai| vaizeSika ke jJAna kA AdhAra vaizeSika sUtra' kahA jAtA hai, jisakA racayitA maharSi kaNAda ko kahA jAtA hai| prazastapAda ne vaizeSika sUtra para eka bhASya likhA, jise padArtha dharma-saMgraha kahA jAtA hai| vaizeSika darzana kA jJAna zrIdhara dvArA likhita padArtha dharma-saMgraha kI TIkA se bhI milatA hai| . . nyAya aura vaizeSika ko samAna-tantra kahalAne kA pradhAna kAraNa yaha hai ki donoM ne mokSa kI prApti ko jIvana kA carama lakSya kahA hai| mokSa duHkha vinAza kI avasthA hai| donoM ne mAnA hai ki bandhana kA kAraNa ajJAna hai| ataH tattvajJAna ke dvArA mokSa ko apanAyA jA sakatA hai| isa sAmAnya lakSya ko mAnane ke kAraNa donoM darzanoM meM paratantratA kA sambandha hai |32 . nyAya-darzana kA mUla uddezya pramANa-zAstra aura tarkazAstra kA pratipAdana karanA hai| pramANa-zAstra aura tarka zAstra ke kSetra meM nyAya kA yogadAna advitIya kahA jA sakatA hai| vaizeSika darzana kA uddezya isake viparIta tattvazAstra kA pratipAdana kahA jA sakatA hai| vaizeSika darzana meM Izvara kA svarUpa : . nyAya-darzana meM Izvara ke svarUpa kI vyAkhyA pUrNa rUpa se huI hai| Izvara ko prasthApita karane ke lie nyAya ne pramANa kA prayoga kiyA hai| vaizeSika darzana nyAya ke Izvara sambandhI vicAroM ko grahaNa karatA hai| Izvara ko siddha karane ke lie nyAya meM jitane pramANa diye gaye haiM, una saboM kI mAnyatA vaizeSika meM hai| nyAya kI taraha vaizeSika ne bhI Izvara ko vizva kA vyavasthApaka tathA adRSTa kA saMcAlaka mAnA hai, ataH nyAya kI taraha vaizeSika bhI IzvaravAda kA samarthaka hai| jahA~ taka Izvara-zAstra kA sambandha hai, donoM darzana eka-dUsare para AdhArita haiN| . "vaizeSika darzana meM AtmA kI carcA pUrNarUpa se nahIM huI hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki nyAya kA AtmavicAra vaizeSika ko pUrNataH mAnya hai| nyAya kI taraha vaizeSika ne bhI AtmA ko svabhAvataH acetana kahA hai| caitanya ko AtmA kA Agantuka dharma mAnA gayA hai|"33 uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hotA hai ki nyAya aura vaizeSika darzana eka-dUsare kA RNa svIkAra karate haiN| nyAya kI vyAkhyA vaizeSika ke binA adhUrI hai| vaizeSika kI vyAkhyA bhI nyAya ke binA adhUrI hai| donoM darzana milakara eka hI darzana ke doH avibhAjya aMga haiN| ataH donoM darzanoM ko

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA samAna tantra kahanA pUrNataH saMgata hai| vaizeSika darzana meM AtmA kA svarUpa - 61 vaizeSika darzana meM AtmA usa sattA ko kahA gayA hai, jo caitanya kA AdhAra hai| isalie kahA gayA hai ki AtmA vaha dravya hai, jo jJAna kA AdhAra hai| vastutaH vaizeSika ne do prakAra kI AtmAoM ko mAnA hai(1) jIvAtmA aura (2) paramAtmA / jIvAtmA kI cetanA sImita hai, jabaki paramAtmA kI cetanA asImita hai| jIvAtmA aneka haiM, jabaki paramAtmA eka hai| paramAtmA Izvara kA dUsarA hI nAma hai| Izvara kI vyAkhyA karane se pUrva hama jIvAtmA kI, jise sAdhAraNataH AtmA kahA jAtA hai, vyAkhyA kreNge| vaizeSika ke matAnusAra jJAna, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dharma, adharma Adi AtmA ke vizeSa guNa haiM / jIvAtmA aneka haiN| jitane zarIra haiM, utanI hI jIvAtmA hotI haiM / pratyeka jIvAtmA meM mana kA nivAsa hotA hai, jisake kAraNa inakI viziSTatA vidyamAna rahatI hai / AtmA kI anekatA ko vaizeSika ne jIvAtmAoM kI avasthAoM meM bhinnatA ke AdhAra para siddha kiyA hai| kucha jIvAtmA sukhI haiM, kucha duHkhI haiM, kucha dhanavAna haiM, kucha nirdhana haiN| ye vibhinna avasthAe~ aneka AtmAoM ko prastAvita karatI haiM / 34 vaizeSika ne AtmA ko amara mAnA hai / yaha anAdi aura ananta hai| AtmA kI sattA ko pramANita karane ke lie vaizeSika ne kucha yuktiyoM kA upayoga kiyA hai| ve ye haiM- (1) pratyeka guNa kA kucha na kucha AdhAra hotA hai / caitanya eka guNa hai| isa guNa kA Azraya zarIra, mana aura indriyA~ nahIM ho sktiiN| ataH isa guNa kA Azraya AtmA hai| caitanya AtmA kA svarUpa guNa nahIM hai, apitu yaha usakA Agantuka guNa | AtmA meM caitanya kA AvirbhAva taba hotA hai; jaba AtmA kA samparka zarIra, indriyoM aura mana se hotA hai| AtmA kI yaha vyAkhyA sAMkhya-yoga kI AtmA kI vyAkhyA se bhinna pratIta hotI hai| sAMkhya- yoga ke matAnusAra caitanya AtmA kA svarUpa lakSaNa hai| (2) jisa prakAra kulhAr3I kA vyavahAra karane ke lie eka vyakti kI AvazyakatA hotI hai; usI prakAra A~kha, kAna, nAka Adi vibhinna jJAnendriyoM kA upayoga karane vAlA bhI koI honA cAhie, vahI AtmA hai /

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62 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA - (3) pratyeka vyakti ko sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti hotI hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki sukha-duHkha kisI sattA ke vizeSa guNa haiN| sukha-duHkha, pRthvI, jala, kayu, agni, AkAza, mana, dika aura kAla ke guNa nahIM haiN| ataH sukha-duHkha AtmA hI ke vizeSa guNa haiN| (4) navajAta zizu janma ke sAtha-hI-sAtha ha~satA aura rotA hai| navajAta zizu kI ye anubhUtiyA~ siddha karatI haiM ki isa jIvana ke pUrva bhI usakA astitva thaa| isase AtmA kI sattA pramANita hotI hai| - paramAtmA ko Izvara kahA jAtA hai| Izvara kI cetanA asImita hai, jabaki jIva kI cetanA sImita hai| vaha pUrNa hai, vaha dayAvAna hai| Izvara ne vizva kI sRSTi kI hai, Izvara ne veda kI racanA kI hai| Izvara jIvAtmA ko unake karmoM ke anurUpa sukha-duHkha pradAna karatA hai, Izvara karma phaladAtA hai| Izvara ke astitva ko pramANita karane ke lie Izvara kI sthApanA huI hai| Izvara ke astitva ko adRSTa niyama kI vyAkhyA ke lie bhI mAnA gayA hai| Izvara adRSTa niyama kA saMcAlaka hai| vaizeSika zrRti ke AdhAra para Izvara ke astitva ko pramANita karatA hai| vaizeSika ke dravyoM kA vargIkaraNa bhautikavAdI nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha bhautika dravyoM ke atirikta AtmA kI sattA meM vizvAsa karatA hai| vaizeSika ke dravyoM kA vargIkaraNa adhyAtmavAdI bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki vaha bhautika dravyoM kI sattA svIkAra karatA hai| vaizeSika kA dravya-vicAra vastuvAdI hai| vastuvAda usa dArzanika siddhAnta ko kahA jAtA hai, jo vastuoM kA astitva jJAtA se svatantra mAnatA hai| vaizeSika kA dravya-vargIkaraNa vastuvAdI kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki vaha dravyoM kI sattA ko jJAtA se svatantra mAnatA hai| vaizeSika kA dravya-vicAra anekavAda kA samarthana karatA hai| vaizeSika dravyoM kI saMkhyA aneka mAnatA hai| dravya nau prakAra ke hote haiM -pRthvI, jala, vAyu, agni, AkAza, dik, kAla, AtmA aura mn|| isIlie vaizeSika ke dravya kA vargIkaraNa anekavAdI kahA jAtA hai| sArAMzataH nyAya aura vaizeSika meM AtmA ke viSaya meM koI ullekhanIya matabheda nahIM hai| (Ga) sAMkhya darzana meM adhyAtma nirUpaNA sAMkhya darzana bhArata kA atyadhika prAcIna darzana kahA jAtA hai| isakI prAcInatA ke aneka pramANa upalabdha haiN| sAMkhya ke vicAroM kA saMketa

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63 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA zvetAzvara, kaTha Adi upaniSadoM meM dekhane ko milatA hai / uparyukta upaniSadoM meM sAMkhya ke maulika pratyayoM, jaise triguNa, puruSa, prakRti, ahaMkAra, tanmAtrA Adi kI carcA huI hai| upaniSada ke atirikta bhagavadgItA meM prakRti aura tIna guNoM kA ullekha hai 135 mahAbhArata meM bhI prakRti aura puruSa ke bheda kA vistRta varNana hai / uparyukta kRtiyoM meM sAMkhya darzana kA ullekha usakI prAcInatA kA puSTa aura sabala pramANa hai / sAtha-hI-sAtha isa darzana ke maulika siddhAntoM kI samIkSA 'nyAyasUtra' antarbhUta hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki nyAyasUtra aura brahmasUtra ke nirmANa ke pUrva sAMkhya darzana kA pUrNa vikAsa ho cukA thA / sAMkhya-darzana prAcIna darzana hone ke sAtha hI sAtha mukhyadarzana bhI hai / yaha satya hai ki bhAratavarSa meM jitane dArzanika sampradAyoM kA vikAsa huA, unameM vedAnta sabase pradhAna hai; parantu vedAnta darzana ke bAda yadi yahA~ koI mahattvapUrNa darzana huA to vaha sAMkhya hI hai| prophesara maiksamUlara ne bhI vedAnta ke bAda sAMkhya ko hI mahattvapUrNa mAnA hai / yadi vedAnta ko pradhAna darzana kaheM to sAMkhya ko upa-pradhAna darzana kahane meM koI atizayokti nahIM hogI / sAMkhya darzana ke praNetA maharSi kapila mAne jAte haiN| inake sambandha meM prAmANika DhaMga se kucha kahanA kaThina pratIta hotA hai / kucha logoM ne kapila ko brahmA kA putra, kucha logoM ne viSNu kA avatAra tathA kucha logoM ne agni kA avatAra mAnA hai| ina vicAroM ko bhale hI hama kiMvadaMtiyA~ kahakara TAla deM, kintu yaha to hameM mAnanA hI par3egA ki kapila eka viziSTa aitihAsika vyakti the, jinhoMne sAMkhya darzana kA praNayana kiyaa| inakI viziSTatA kA jItA-jAgatA udAharaNa hameM vahA~ dekhane ko milatA hai, jahA~ kRSNa ne bhagavadgItA meM kapila ko apanI vibhUtiyoM meM ginAyA hai| 'siddhAnAM kapilo muniH arthAt maiM siddhoM meM kapila muni huuN| DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan ne kapila ko buddha se eka zatAbdI pUrva mAnA hai / sAMkhya darzana dvaitavAda kA samarthaka hai / carama sattAe~ do haiM, jinameM eka ko prakRti aura dUsarI ko puruSa kahA jAtA hai| puruSa aura prakRti eka-dUsare ke pratikUla haiM / dvaitavAdI darzana hone ke kAraNa sAMkhya nyAya ke anekavAda kA hI sirpha virodha nahIM karatA hai, apitu nyAya ke IzvaravAda aura

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64 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA sRSTivAda kA bhI khaNDana karatA hai| nyAya ke IzvaravAda kA virodha kara sAMkhya anIzvaravAda kA pratipAdana karatA hai| sRSTivAda kA virodha kara sAMkhya vikAsavAda kA samarthana karatA hai| bhAratIya darzana meM vikAsavAda kA akelA udAharaNa sAMkhya hI hai| sAMkhya darzana kA AdhAra kapila dvArA nirmita sAMkhya sUtra kahA jAtA hai| kucha logoM kA mata hai ki kapila ne 'sAMkhya pravacana sUtra' jo sAMkhya sUtra kA vistRta rUpa hai aura 'tattva samAsa' nAmaka do grantha likhe haiN| para durbhAgya kI bAta yaha hai ki kapila ke donoM grantha naSTa ho gae haiN| ina granthoM kA koI pramANa Aja taka prApta nahIM hai| uparyukta granthoM ke abhAva meM sAMkhya-darzana ke jJAna kA mUla AdhAra IzvarakRSNa dvArA likhita 'sAMkhyakArikA' hai |38... aisA kahA jAtA hai ki IzvarakRSNa asari ke ziSya evaM paMcazikha ke ziSya the| asuri ke sambandha meM kahA jAtA hai ki ve sAMkhya darzana ke janmadAtA kapila ke ziSya the| "sAMkhyakArikA' sAMkhya kA prAcIna aura prAmANika grantha hai| isa grantha meM sAMkhya darzana kI vyAkhyA 72 choTI-choTI "kArikAoM meM kI gayI hai, jo chanda meM hai| isa darzana kI vyAkhyA sAdhAraNataH "sAMkhyakArikA ko AdhAra mAnakara kI jAtI hai| "sAMkhyakArikA' para gauDapAda ne TikA likhI hai|7 "sAMkhyakArikA' para vAcaspati mizra ne bhI TIkA likhI hai, jo 'sAMkhya tattva kaumudI' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| 'sAMkhya pravacana sUtra ke sambandha meM kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki vaha caudahavIM zatAbdI meM likhA gayA hai| vijJAna bhikSu ne 'sAMkhya pravacana sUtra' para eka bhASya likhA hai, jo 'sAMkhya pravacana bhASya' ke nAma se vikhyAta hai, parantu isakI khyAti 'sAMkhya takta, kaumudI' kI apekSA kama hai|98 sAMkhya kA nAmakaraNa 'sAMkhya' kyoM huA-isa prazna ko lekara mata pracalita haiN| kucha vidvAnoM ne sAMkhya zabda kA vizleSaNa karate hue batalAyA hai ki sAMkhya zabda 'saM' aura 'khyA' ke saMyoga se banA hai| 'saM = samyak' aura 'khyA = jJAna hotA hai| isalie sAMkhya kA vAstavika artha huA 'samyagjJAna' / 'sAMkhya' zabda ke isa artha ko mAnanevAle vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki isa darzana meM samyagjJAna para jora diyA gayA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa sAMkhya ko 'sAMkhya' kahA jAtA hai| samyagjJAna kA artha hai puruSa aura prakRti ke bIca bhinnatA kA jJAna nahIM karane se hI baMdhana hotA hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki sAMkhya nAma 'saMkhyA' zabda se prApta huA

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 65 hai| sAMkhya darzana kA sambandha 'saMkhyA se hone ke kAraNa hI ise sAMkhya kahA . jAtA hai| sAMkhya darzana meM tattvoM kI saMkhyA paccIsa batalAyI gayI hai| 'bhagavadgItA' meM isa darzana ko tattva-gaNana yA tattva-saMkhyA kahA gayA hai| ina do vicAroM ke atirikta eka tIsarA vicAra hai, jisake anusAra sAMkhya ko sAMkhya kahe jAne kA kAraNa sAMkhya ke praNetA kA nAma. "saMkha' honA batalAyA jAtA hai; parantu yaha vicAra nirAdhAra pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki sAMkhya-darzana ke praNetA 'saMkha' kA koI pramANa nahIM hai| maharSi kapila ko chor3akara anya ko sAMkhya kA pravartaka kahanA bhrAntimUlaka hai| sAMkhya darzana meM AtmA kA svarUpa ___ sAMkhya darzana do tattvoM ko aMgIkAra karatA hai| prathama tattva prakRti tathA dvitIya puruSa / puruSa kA adhyayana karane ke pUrva prakRti aura puruSa kI bhinnatA kI ora dhyAna denA vAMchanIya hogaa| puruSa cetana hai, jabaki prakRti acetana hai| puruSa sattva, rajas aura tamasa se zUnya hai jabaki prakRti sattva, rajas aura tamas se alaMkRta hai, isalie puruSa ko triguNatIta aura prakRti ko triguNamayI kahA gayA hai| puruSa jJAtA hai, jabaki prakRti jJAna kA viSaya hai| puruSa niSkriya hai, jabaki prakRti sakriya hai| puruSa aneka haiM, jabaki prakRti eka hai| puruSa kArya-kAraNa se mukta hai, jabaki prakRti kAraNa hai| puruSa aparivartana zIla hai, jabaki prakRti parivartanazIla hai| puruSa vivekI hai, parantu prakRti avivekI hai| puruSa apariNAmI-nitya hai, parantu prakRti pariNAmI-nitya hai| jisa sattA ko adhikAMzataH bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne AtmA kahA hai, usI sattA ko sAMkhya ne puruSa kI saMjJA se vibhUSita kiyA hai| puruSa aura AtmA isa prakAra eka hI tattva ke vibhinna nAma haiN| puruSa kI sattA svayaM siddha hai| isa sattA kA khaNDana karanA asambhava hai| yadi puruSa kI sattA kA khaNDana kiyA jAe to usakI sattA khaNDana ke niSedha meM hI nihita hai, ataH puruSa kA astitva saMzaya. rahita hai| sAMkhya ne puruSa ko zuddha caitanya mAnA hai| caitanya AtmA meM sarvadA nivAsa karatA hai| AtmA ko jAgRta avasthA, svapnAvasthA yA suSuptAvasthA meM se kisI bhI avasthA meM mAnA jAe, usameM caitanya vartamAna rahatA hai|

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66 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA isalie caitanya ko AtmA kA guNa nahIM, balki svabhAva mAnA gayA hai| AtmA prakAzarUpa hai| vaha svayaM tathA saMsAra ke anya vastuoM ko prakAzita karatI hai| AtmA ko zarIra se bhinna mAnA gayA hai| zarIra bhautika hai, parantu AtmA abhautika arthAt AdhyAtmika hai| AtmA buddhi aura ahaMkAra se bhinna hai; kyoMki AtmA cetana hai, jabaki buddhi aura ahaMkAra acetana hai| AtmA indriyoM se bhinna hai; kyoMki indriyA~ anubhava ke sAdhana hai, jabaki puruSa anubhava se pare hai| puruSa ko sAMkhya ne niSkriya arthAta akartA mAnA hai| vaha saMsAra ke kAryoM meM hAtha nahIM ba~TAtA hai| AtmA ko isalie niSkriya mAnA gayA hai ki usameM icchA, saMkalpa aura dveSa kA abhAva hai| isa sthala para sAMkhya kA puruSa jaina darzana ke 'jIva se bhinna haiN| jaina darzana meM jIvoM ko kartA mAnA gayA hai, jIva saMsAra ke kAryoM meM saMlagna rahatA hai, parantu sAMkhya kA puruSa dRSTA hai| puruSa jJAtA hai, vaha jJAna kA viSaya nahIM ho sakatA hai| AtmA nistraiguNya hai; kyoMki usameM sattva, rajas aura tamas guNoM kA abhAva hai| isake viparIta prakRti ko triguNamayI mAnA jAtA hai; kyoMki sattva, rajas aura tamas isake AdhAra svarUpa haiN| AtmA zAzvata hai, yaha anAdi aura ananta hai| zarIra kA janma hotA hai aura mRtyu bhI; parantu AtmA avinAzI hai, vaha nirantara vidyamAna rahatI hai| ___AtmA kArya kAraNa kI zrRMkhalA se mukta hai| puruSa ko na kisI vastu kA kAraNa kahA jA sakatA hai aura na kaary| kAraNa aura kArya zabda kA prayoga yadi puruSa para kiyA jAye to vaha prayoga anucita hogaa|" puruSa aparivartanazIla hai, isake viparIta prakRti parivartanazIla hai, puruSa kAla aura dik kI sImA se bAhara hai| vaha kAla aura dik meM nahIM, kyoMki vaha nitya hai| __puruSa puNya-pApa se rahita hai pApa aura puNya usake guNa nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha nirguNa hai| sAMkhya kA Atma-sambandhI vicAra anya dArzanikoM se bhinna hai, nyAya-vaizeSika ne AtmA ko svataH acetana kahA hai| AtmA meM cetanA kA saMcAra taba hI hotA hai, jaba AtmA kA samparka mana, zarIra aura indriyoM se hotA hai| caitanya AtmA kA Agantuka lakSaNa hai, parantu sAMkhya caitanya ko AtmA kA svarUpa mAnatA hai| caitanya AtmA kA dharma na hokara

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 67 svabhAva hai| isake atirikta nyAya-vaizeSika AtmA ko icchA, dveSa, sukha, dukha, prayatna Adi kA AdhAra buddhi ko mAnatA hai| sAMkhya zaMkara ke AtmA-sambandhI vicAra se sahamata nahIM hai, zaMkara ne AtmA ko caitanya ke sAtha hI sAtha Anandamaya mAnA hai| AtmA sat+cit+Ananda-saccidAnaMda hai| sAMkhya AtmA ko Anandamaya nahIM mAnatA hai| Ananda aura caitanya virodhAtmaka guNa haiN| eka hI vastu meM Ananda aura caitanya kA nivAsa mAnanA bhrAntimUlaka hai| isake atirikta Ananda sattva kA phala hai, AtmA sattvaguNa se zUnya hai, kyoMki vaha triguNAtIta hai| isalie Ananda AtmA kA svarUpa nahIM ho sakatA hai, phira yadi AtmA ko Ananda se yukta mAnA jAe to AtmA kA svarUpa nahIM ho sakatA hai| phira yadi AtmA ko Ananda se yukta mAnA jAe to AtmA meM caitanya aura Ananda ke dvaita kA nirmANa hogaa| isa dvaita se mukta karane ke lie sAMkhya ne AtmA ko Anandamaya nahIM mAnA hai| sAMkhya aura zaMkara ke AtmA-sambandhI vicAra meM dUsarA antara yaha hai ki zaMkara ne AtmA ko eka mAnA hai, jabaki sAMkhya ne AtmA ko aneka mAnA hai| zaMkara ke anusAra AtmA kI anekatA ajJAna ke kAraNa upasthita hotI hai| jisake phalasvarUpa vaha ayathArtha hai, parantu sAMkhya anekatA ko satya mAnatA hai| sAMkhya kA puruSa-vicAra buddha ke AtmA-vicAra se bhinna hai| buddha ne AtmA ko vijJAna kA pravAha mAnA hai, parantu sAMkhya ne isake viparIta parivartanazIla AtmA ko mAnakara AtmA kI nityatA para jora diyA hai| sAMkhya ke 'AtmA' aura cArvAka ke 'AtmA' meM mUla bheda yaha hai ki sAMkhya AtmA ko abhautika mAnatA hai, jabaki cArvAka AtmA ko zarIra se abhinna arthAt bhautika mAnatA hai| sAMkhya ke bandhana aura mokSa sambandhI vicAra ___sAMkhya saMsAra ko dukhamaya mAnatA hai| jarA, mRtyu, roga, janma Adi sAMsArika duHkhoM kA pratinidhitva karate haiN| vizva duHkhoM se paripUrNa haiM, kyoMki samasta vizva guNoM ke adhIna hai| jahA~ guNa haiM, vahA~ dukha hai| saMsAra ko duHkhAtmaka mAnakara sAMkhya bhAratIya vicAradhArA kI paramparA kA pAlana karatA

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68 . kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA hai, kyoMki prAyaH bhArata ke sabhI darzanoM meM saMsAra kI dukhamayatA para jora diyA gayA hai| sAMkhya ke anusAra vizva meM tIna prakAra ke dukha pAye jAte haiN| tIna prakAra ke dukha ye haiM - AdhyAtmika duHkha-AdhyAtmika duHkha usa duHkha ko kahA jAtA hai, jo manuSya ke nijI zarIra aura mana se utpanna hote haiN| mAnasika aura zArIrika vyAdhiyA~ hI AdhyAtmika duHkha haiN| isa prakAra ke duHkha kA udAharaNa bhUkha, saradarda, krodha, bhaya, dveSa Adi haiN| Adhibhautika duHkha-Adhibhautika duHkha vaha hai, jo bAhya padArthoM ke prabhAva se utpanna hotA hai| yaha kA~Te kA gar3anA, tIra kA cubhanA aura pazuoM, pakSiyoM Adi se prApta hotA hai| / Adhidaivika duHkha-isa prakAra kA duHkha bAhya aura alaukika kAraNa se utpanna hotA hai| nakSatra, bhUta-pretAdi se prApta duHkha Adhidaivika duHkha kahA jAtA hai| sardI, garmI Adi se milane vAle duHkha bhI Adhidaivika duHkha haiN| mAnava svabhAvataH ina tIna prakAra ke duHkhoM se chuTakArA pAnA cAhatA hai| cikitsA vijJAna ina duHkhoM se asthAyI chuTakArA dilA sakatA hai; parantu mAnava ina duHkhoM se sadA ke lie chuTakArA pAnA cAhatA hai| vaha kevala vartamAna duHkha se hI nahIM bacanA cAhatA hai, apitu bhaviSya meM milane vAle / duHkhoM se bhI chuTakArA pAnA cAhatA hai| cikitsA vijJAna usakI isa icchA kI tRpti karane meM asamartha hai| duHkhoM kA pUrNa vinAza mokSa se hI sambhava hai| ____ mokSa kA artha trividha duHkha kA abhAva hai| mokSa hI parama apavarga yA puruSArtha hai| yahA~ para yaha kaha denA anAvazyaka na hogA ki dharma aura kAma ko parama puruSArtha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA; kyoMki ve nAzavAna haiM, isake viparIta mokSa nitya hai, ataH mokSa ko parama puruSArtha mAnanA pramANa saMgata hai| ____ sAMkhya ke matAnusAra puruSa nitya, avinAzI aura guNoM se zUnya hai| jaba puruSa mukta hai to vaha baMdhanagrasta kaise ho sakatA hai| saca pUchA jAe to puruSa bandhana meM nahIM par3atA haiM, balki use bandhana kA bhrama ho jAtA hai| vaha kAraNa-kArya zRMkhalA se rahita hai, vaha deza aura kAla kI sImA se pare hai| vahaM akartA hai, kyoMki vaha prakRti aura usake vyApAroM kA dRSTA mAtra hai|

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 69 caitanya usakA svabhAva hai, kyoMki caitanya ke abhAva meM puruSa kI kalpanA karanA asambhava hai| ina saba lakSaNoM ke atirikta puruSa kA eka mukhya lakSaNa hai aura vaha hai, usakA mukta honaa| puruSa aura prakRti ke Akasmika sambandha se bandhana kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| puruSa buddhi, ahaMkAra aura mana se bhinna hai, parantu ajJAna ke kAraNa vaha apane ko una vastuoM se pRthak nahIM samajha pAtA hai| isake viparIta vaha buddhi yA mana se apane ko abhinna samajhane lagatA hai| sukha aura dukha buddhi yA mana meM samAviSTa hotA hai| puruSa apane ko buddhi yA mana se abhinna samajhakara dukhoM kA anubhava karatA hai| isakI vyAkhyA eka upamA se kI jA sakatI hai| jisa prakAra sapheda sphaTika lAla phUla kI nikaTatA se lAla dikhAI detA hai, usIprakAra nitya aura muktapuruSa buddhi kI, duHkha kI chAyA grahaNa karane se bandhanagrasta pratIta hotA hai| buddhi ke sukha-duHkha ko AtmA nijI sukha-duHkha samajhane lagatI hai| isI sthiti meM puruSa apane ko zarIra, buddhi, ahaMkAra, mana tathA indriyoM se yukta samajhane lagatA hai tathA sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti svayaM karane lagatA hai| sAdhAraNataH yaha pAyA jAtA hai ki eka pitA putra kI saphalatA ko apanI saphalatA tathA usake apamAna ko apanA apamAna samajhatA hai| isa prakAra pitA-putra ke sukha-duHkha ke anukUla apane ko sukhI aura duHkhI samajhane lagatA hai| isa prakAra AtmA kA apane ko buddhi se jo anAtmA hai, abhinna samajhanA bandhana hai| __ AtmA aura prakRti athavA anAtmA ke bheda kA jJAna na rahanA hI bandhana hai| isakA kAraNa ajJAna arthAt aviveka hai| ajJAna kA anta jJAna se hI sambhava hai, aviveka kA nirAkaraNa viveka ke dvArA hI sambhava hai| jisa prakAra andhakAra kA anta prakAza se hotA hai; usI prakAra aviveka kA anta viveka se hotA hai, isalie sAMkhya ne jJAna ko mokSa kA sAdhana mAnA hai| jJAna ke dvArA hI AtmA aura anAtmA kA bheda vidita ho jAtA hai| sAMkhya kI taraha buddha ne nirvANa kI prApti ke lie jJAna ko atyanta Avazyaka mAnA hai, parantu donoM darzanoM meM jJAna kI vyAkhyA ko lekara bheda hai| buddha ke jJAna kA artha cAra Arya satyoM kA jJAna hai, parantu sAMkhya meM jJAna kA artha AtmA aura anAtmA ke bheda kA jJAna hai|

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70 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA mokSa kI prApti, sAMkhya ke anusAra karma se sambhava nahIM hai| karma dukhAtmaka hotA hai, ataH yadi mokSa ko karma ke dvArA prApta kiyA jAe to mokSa bhI dukhAtmaka hogaa| karma anitya hai| yadi mokSa ko karma se apanAyA jAye to mokSa bhI dukhAtmaka hogaa| karma yathArtha svapna kI taraha hotA hai, isalie karma se mokSa ko apanAne kA bhAva bhrAnti-mUlaka hai| isake viparIta jJAna jAgRta anubhava kI taraha yathArtha hotA hai, isalie samyagjJAna se jaisA Upara kahA gayA hai, mokSa prApti hotI hai| puruSa aura prakRti ke bheda ke jJAna ko samyagjJAna kahA jAtA hai; parantu isa jJAna ko kevala mana se samajha lenA hI paryApta nahIM hai, balki isa jJAna kI sAkSAt anubhUti bhI paramAvazyaka hai| isa jJAna se AtmA ko sAkSAt anubhUti honI cAhie ki vaha zarIra, indriyoM, buddhi aura mana se bhinna hai| jaba AtmA ko yaha anubhUti hotI hai ki maiM anAtmA nahIM hU~, merA kucha nahIM hai to AtmA mukta ho jAtI hai| jisa prakAra rassI meM sA~pa kA jo bhrama hotA hai| vaha tabhI dUra ho sakatA hai, jaba rassI kA pratyakSa jJAna ho jAe, usI prakAra AtmA kA yaha bhrama ki maiM zarIra, indriyA~ aura buddhi se mukta hU~, tabhI dUra ho sakatA hai, jaba AtmA ko isakI vibhinnatA kI sAkSAt anubhUti ho jaae| isa anubhUti ko pAne ke lie AtmA ko manana aura nididhyAsana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| sAMkhya ke kucha anuyAyiyoM ne isako pAne ke lie aSTAMga mArga kA pAlana karane kA Adeza yogadarzana meM diyA hai| ye mArga isaprakAra haiM-(1) yama (2) niyama (3) Asana (4) prANAyAma (5) pratyAhAra (6) dhAraNA (7) dhyAna (8) smaadhi| isake phalasvarUpa AtmA mokSa prApta karatI hai| mokSa kI avasthA meM AtmA ke naye guNa kA prAdurbhAva nahIM hotA hai| AtmA ko apane yathArtha svarUpa ko pahacAna lenA hI mokSa hai| mokSa kI avasthA meM AtmA kA zuddha caitanya nikhara AtA hai| AtmA una sabhI prakAra ke bhramoM se jo use bandhana grasta karate haiM, mukta ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra apUrNatA se pUrNatA kI prApti ko hI mokSa kahA jA sakatA hai| mokSa prApti ke sAtha hI sAtha prakRti ke sAre vikAsa ruka jAte haiN| prakRti ko sAMkhya ne eka nartakI ke rUpa meM dekhA hai| jisa prakAra nartakI darzakoM ke manoraMjana ke bAda nRtya se virakta ho jAtI hai; usI prakAra prakRti apane vibhinna rUpoM ko puruSa ke sAmane rakhakara tathA puruSa ko mukta karAkara

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71 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA svatantra sRSTi ke kArya se alaga ho jAtI hai / mokSa kI avasthA meM vividha dukha kA nAza ho jAtA hai| sabhI prakAra ke dukhoM kA vinAza hI mokSa hai| mokSa, ajJAna, icchA, dharma aura adharma - dukhoM ke kAraNa kA vinAza kara detA hai| isake phalasvarUpa dukhoM kA Apa se Apa anta ho jAtA hai| sAMkhya ke anusAra mokSa sukharUpa nahIM hai 1 yahA~ para sAMkhya kA mokSa sambandhI vicAra zaMkara ke mokSa - sambandhI" vicAra se bhinna haiN| zaMkara ne mokSa ko Anandamaya mAnA hai, parantu sAMkhya mokSa ko Anandamaya yA sukharUpa nahIM mAnatA hai| sukha-dukha sApekSa aura aviyojya hai / jahA~ sukha hogA, vahA~ dukha bhI avazya hogaa| mokSa ko sukha aura dukha se pare mAnA jAtA hai| isake atirikta mokSa ko Anandamaya nahIM mAnane kA dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki sukha athavA Ananda unhIM vastuoM meM hotA hai, jo .. sattva guNa ke adhIna haiM; kyoMki Ananda sattva guNa kA kArya hai| mokSa kI avasthA triguNAtIta hai| ataH mokSa ko Anandamaya mAnanA pramANa saMgata nahIM hai / sAMkhya do prakAra kI mukti ko mAnatA hai- (1) jIvana mukti (2) videha mukti | jIva ko jyoM hI tattvajJAna kA anubhava hotA hai, tyoM hI vaha mukta ho jAtA hai| yadyapi vaha mukta ho jAtA hai, phira bhI pUrva janmoM ke prabhAva ke kAraNa usakA zarIra vidyamAna rahatA hai, zarIra kA rahanA mukti prApti meM bAdhA nahIM DAlatA hai| pUrva janmoM ke karmoM kA phala jaba taka zeSa nahIM ho jAtA hai, zarIra jIvita rahatA hai| isakI vyAkhyA eka upamA se kI jAtI hai / jisa prakAra kumhAra ke DaNDe ko haTA lene ke bAvajUda pUrva vega ke kAraNa kumhAra kA cakkA kucha samaya taka ghUmatA rahatA hai, usI prakAra pUrva janma ke una karmoM ke kAraNa jinakA phala samApta nahIM huA hai, zarIra mukti ke bAda. bhI kucha samaya taka kAyama rahatA hai| isa prakAra kI mukti ko jIvana mukti, kahA jAtA hai / jIvana mukti kA artha hai - jIvanakAla meM mokSa kI prApti | isa mukti .. ko sandeha mukti bhI kahA jAtA hai; kyoMki isa mukti meM deha vidyamAna rahatA hai| jIvana mukta vyakti ke zarIra ke rahane para bhI zarIra se koI sambandha nahIM anubhava krtaa| vaha qarma karatA hai, parantu usake dvArA kiye gaye karma se phala kA saMcaya nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki karma kI zakti samApta ho jAtI hai, antima

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72 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA mukti jo mRtyu ke uparAnta prApta hotI hai, videha mukti kahI jAtI hai| isa mukti kI prApti taba hotI hai, jaba pUrva janma ke zeSa karmoM ke phala kA anta ho jAtA hai| isa mukti meM zarIra kA abhAva hotA hai| ___ sAMkhya do prakAra ke zarIra ko mAnatA hai-sthUla aura sUkSma shriir| sthUla zarIra kA nirmANa pA~ca mahAbhUtoM se hotA hai aura sUkSma zarIra kA nirmANa sUkSma-tanmAtrAoM, pA~coM indriyoM, pA~ca karmendriyoM aura buddhi, ahaMkAra tathA mana se hotA hai| mRtyu ke sAtha sthUla zarIra kA anta ho jAtA hai; parantu sUkSma zarIra kAyama rahatA hai| sUkSma zarIra hI mRtyu ke uparAnta sUkSma zarIra meM praveza karatA hai aura isa prakAra janma-janmAntara taka sUkSma zarIra kI sattA kAyama rahatI hai| videha mukti ke phalasvarUpa sUkSma aura sthUla donoM prakAra ke zarIroM kA nAza ho jAtA hai aura isa prakAra punarjanma kA krama samApta ho jAtA hai| videha mukti kI avasthA meM bAhya vastuoM kA jJAna nahIM rahatA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki buddhi kA jisake dvArA bAhya vastuoM kA jJAna hotA hai, nAza isa avasthA meM ho jAtA hai| - vijJAna-bhikSu sirpha videha mukti ko hI vAstavika mukti mAnate haiN| unake anusAra jaba taka zarIra meM AtmA vidyamAna rahatI hai, taba taka use zArIrika aura mAnasika vikAroM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai, sAMkhya ke anusAra bandhana aura mokSa donoM vyAvahArika haiN| puruSa svabhAvataH mukta hai| vaha na bandhana meM par3atA hai aura na mukta hotA hai| AtmA ko yaha pratIta hotA hai ki bandhana aura mokSa hotA hai, parantu yaha pratIti vAstavikatA kA rUpa nahIM le sakatI hai| ataH puruSa bandhana aura mokSa se pare hai| vijJAna bhikSu kA kahanA hai ki yadi puruSa vAstava meM bandhana grasta hotA to use sau janmoM ke bAda bhI mokSa kI anubhUti nahIM hotI, kyoMki vAstava meM bandhana kA nAza sambhava nahIM hai| saca pUchA jAe to bandhana aura mokSa prakRti kI anubhUtiyA~ haiN| prakRti hI bandhana meM par3atI hai aura mukta hotI hai| sAMkhyakArikA ke lekhaka Izvara kRSNa ne kahA hai ki puruSa na bandhana meM par3atA hai na mukta hotA hai aura na usakA punarjanma hI hotA hai| bandhana, mokSa aura punarjanma bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM prakRti kA hotA hai| prakRti svataH apane ko sAta rUpoM meM bA~dhatI hai| vAcaspati mizra ke anusAra puruSa kA bandhana meM par3anA aura mokSa ke lie prayatnazIla usake bhrama kA pratIka hai|

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 73 ataH puruSa kA na bandhana hotA hai aura na mokSa hotA hai, balki use bandhana aura mokSa kA bhrama ho jAtA hai / sAMkhya kI Izvara viSayaka samasyA Izvara ke astitva ke prazna ko lekara sAMkhya ke TIkAkAroM evaM samarthakoM meM matabheda hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki sAMkhya darzana anIzvaravAda kA samarthana karatA hai| isake viparIta kucha anuyAyiyoM kA mata hai ki sAMkhya darzana meM IzvaravAda kI mImAMsA kI gaI hai / isa mata ke mAnanevAle vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki sAMkhya nyAya kI taraha IzvaravAda kA samarthana karatA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki Izvara ke prazna ko lekara sAMkhya ke anuyAyiyoM ke do dala ho jAte haiN| aba hama eka-eka kara donoM daloM ke vidvAnoM ke mata kA adhyayana kareMge / jina vidvAnoM meM sAMkhya meM anIzvaravAda kI jhalaka pAyI jAtI hai / unameM vAcaspati mizra aura aniruddha mukhya haiN| ina logoM kA yaha mata hai ki sAMkhya meM IzvaravAda kA khaNDana huA hai / IzvaravAda kA khaNDana sAMkhya meM isa prakAra huA hai - Izvara ko pramANita karane ke lie IzvaravAdiyoM kA kathana hai kiM saMsAra kArya zrRMkhalA hai| ataH usake kAraNa ke rUpa meM Izvara ko mAnanA apekSita hai| sAMkhya, jahA~ taka vizva ko kArya zrRMkhalA mAnane kA prazna hai, . sahamata hai; parantu vaha Izvara ke isa kArya zrRMkhalA kA kAraNa mAnane meM virodha karatA hai / vizva kA kAraNa vahI ho sakatA hai, jo parivartanazIla evaM anitya ho / Izvara ko nitya tathA aparivartanazIla mAnA jAtA hai to Izvara kA rUpAntara vizva ke rUpa meM kaise ho sakatA hai? parantu Izvara ko vizva ke rUpa meM parivartita honA Avazyaka hai| ataH Izvara ko vizva kA kAraNa mAnanA bhrAntimUlaka hai| prakRti nitya tathA pariNAmI donoM haiM / isalie samasta vizva prakRti kA rUpAntarita rUpa kahA jA sakatA hai| mahat se lekara pA~ca sthUlabhUtoM taka saba cIjeM prakRti se nirmita hotI haiM / ataH vizva kA kAraNa. prakRti ko mAnanA pramANa-saMgata hai 4 I . yahA~ para AkSepa kiyA jA sakatA hai ki prakRti jar3a hai| ataH usakI gati ke saMcAlaka aura niyAmaka ke rUpa meM cetana sattA ko mAnanA Avazyaka hai| kyA vaha cetana sattA jIva hai? usa cetana sattA ko jIva nahIM:

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74 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA mAnA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki jIva kA jJAna sImita hai / isalie ananta buddhi se yukta Izvara ko prakRti kA saMcAlaka aura niyAmaka mAnanA samIcIna pratIta hotA hai; parantu isa yukti ke virodha meM AvAja uThAyI jA sakatI hai| IzvaravAdiyoM ne Izvara ko akarttA mAnA hai| yadi yaha ThIka hai to akartA Izvara prakRti kI kriyA kA saMcAlana kaise kara sakatA hai? yadi thor3I dera ke lie yaha mAna liyA jAe ki Izvara prakRti saMcAlana ke dvArA sRSTi racanA meM pravRtta hotA hai, to isase samasyA nahIM sulajha pAtI, balki isake viparIta aneka kaThinAiyA~ upasthita ho jAtI haiM / sRSTi ke saMcAlana meM Izvara kA kyA lakSya ho sakatA hai ? buddhimAna puruSa jaba bhI koI kArya karatA hai to vaha svArtha athavA kAruNya se prerita hotA hai| Izvara pUrNa hai, usakI koI bhI icchA apUrNa nahIM hai / ataH vizva kA nirmANa vaha svArtha kI bhAvanA se nahIM kara sktaa| isake atirikta dUsare kI pIr3A se prabhAvita hokara bhI vaha sRSTi nahIM kara sakatA; kyoMki sRSTi ke pUrva zarIra, indriyoM aura vastuoM kA jo dukha ke kAraNa haiM, abhAva rahatA hai / ataH sRSTi kA kAraNa kAruNya ko ThaharAnA bhUla hai / phira yadi Izvara karuNA ke vazIbhUta hokara sRSTi karatA to saMsAra ke samasta jIvoM ko sukhI banAtA, parantu vizva isake viparIta dukhoM se paripUrNa hai| vizva kA dukhamaya honA yaha pramANita karatA hai ki vizva isake viparIta dukhoM se paripUrNa hai| vizva kA dukhamaya honA yaha pramANita karatA hai ki vizva karuNAmaya Izvara kI sRSTi nahIM hai| isalie jagata kI racanA ke lie Izvara ko mAnanA kAlpanika hai 142 sAMkhya jIva kI amaratA aura sthiratA meM vizvAsa karatA hai| yadi Izvara meM vizvAsa kiyA jAe to jIva kI svatantratA tathA amaratA khaNDita ho jAtI hai| yadi jIva ko Izvara kA aMza mAnA jAe to jIvoM meM IzvarIya guNa kA samAveza honA cAhie, parantu yaha satya nahIM hai| Izvara ko sarvajJa tathA sarvazaktimAna mAnA jAtA hai, parantu jIva kA jJAna sImita tathA usakI zakti asIma hai| isalie jIva ko Izvara kA aMza mAnanA bhrAmaka hai / yadi Izvara ko jIva kA sRSTA mAnA jAe to jIva nazvara hoNge| isa prakAra Izvara kI sattA mAnane se jIva ke svarUpa kA khaNDana ho jAtA hai / ataH Izvara kA astitva anAvazyaka hai / 43

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 75 nyAya Izvara ko veda-sRSTA mAnatA hai, parantu sAMkhya isa kathana kA virodha karate hue kahatA hai ki veda apauruSeya haiN| jaba veda apauruSeya haiM to veda kA sRSTA Izvara ko ThaharAnA bhrAmaka hai, kyoMki Izvara vyaktipUrNa hai| saca pUchA jAe to veda ke racayitA RSi haiM, jinhoMne veda meM zAzvata satyoM ke bhaNDAra nihita kara diye haiN| Izvara kI sattA pratyakSa, anumAna aura vaidika zabda se asambhava hai| veda ke isa prakAra ke veda-vAkya mukta AtmAoM kI prazaMsA meM kahe gaye haiN| ataH veda ke racayitA ke rUpa meM Izvara ko siddha karanA samIcIna nahIM hai| sAMkhya ko anIzvaravAdI pramANita karane meM ye yuktiyA~ bala pradAna karatI haiN| inhIM yuktiyoM ke AdhAra para sAMkhya anIzvaravAdI kahA jAtA hai| vidvAnoM kA eka dUsarA dala hai, jo sAMkhya ko IzvaravAdI pramANita karane kA prayAsa karatA hai| isa dala ke samarthakoM meM vijJAnabhikSu kA nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| unake mata se sAMkhya anIzvaravAdI nahIM hai| sAMkhya ne kevala itanA hI kahA hai ki Izvara ke astitva ke lie koI pramANa nahIM hai| sAMkhya sUtra meM yaha kahA gayA hai 'IzvarAsiddheH' arthAt Izvara asiddha hai| isase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki sAMkhya anIzvaravAdI hai, amAnya pratIta hotA hai| yadi sAMkhya sUtra meM yaha kahA jAtA-'IzvarAbhAvAt' arthAt Izvara kA abhAva hai to sAMkhya ko anIzvaravAdI kahanA yuktiyukta hotA / yaha kahanA ki 'Izvara kA pramANa nahIM hai aura yaha kahanA ki 'Izvara kA astitva nahIM hai donoM do bAteM haiN| aise dArzanikoM ne sAMkhya meM Izvara kA niSedha kiyA hai, jo usa darzana meM Izvara kI AvazyakatA nahIM smjhte| vijJAnabhikSu kA kahanA hai ki yadyapi prakRti se samasta vastue~ vikasita hotI haiM, tathApi acetana prakRti ko gatizIla aura parivartita karane ke lie Izvara ke sAnnidhya kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| jisa prakAra cumbaka ke sAnnidhya mAtra se lohe meM gati A jAtI hai, usI prakAra Izvara ke sAnnidhya mAtra se prakRti kriyAzIla hotI hai aura mahat meM pariNata hotI hai| vijJAnabhikSu kA kathana hai ki yukti tathA zAstra donoM se hI aise Izvara kA pramANa milatA hai| pro. hiriyannA ne sAMkhya ko IzvaravAdI siddha karane ke prayAsa kI nindA kI hai; kyoMki IzvaravAda sAMkhyadarzana ke svarUpa ke viparIta hai|

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76 kavivara dhAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA unhoMne kahA hai-kucha prAcIna evaM navIna vidvAnoM ne yaha siddha karane kI ceSTA kI hai ki kapila ko Izvara kA astitva siddha karanA asambhava hai, lekina yaha darzana yugIna sAMkhya kI pravRtti ke viruddha pratIta hotA hai| . . yadyapi sAMkhya ke Izvara viSayaka vicAra vivAdagrasta haiM, phira bhI adhikAMzataH vidvAnoM ne sAMkhya ko anIzvaravAdI kahA hai| sAMkhya darzana kI IzvaravAdI vyAkhyA ko adhika mAnyatA nahIM milI hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki mUla sAMkhya IzvaravAdI thA; parantu jar3avAda, jaina aura bauddha darzanoM ke prabhAva meM Akara vaha anIzvaravAdI ho gyaa| kAraNa jo kucha bhI ho, sAMkhya ko anIzvaravAdI kahanA hI adhika pramANa saMgata pratIta hotA hai| . DaoN. dAsagupta ne sAMkhya ko nirIzvaravAdI citrita kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA hai -'sAMkhya aura yoga ke madhya mUla antara yaha hai ki sAMkhya IzvaravAda kA niSedha karatA hai, jabaki yoga IzvaravAda kI prasthApanA karatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki sAMkhya ko nirIzvara sAMkhya aura yoga ko sezvara sAMkhya kahakara vivecita kiyA jAtA hai| 45 isa prakAra sAMkhya darzana ke do tattva haiM, puruSa aura prkRti| ina do tattvoM ko mAnane ke kAraNa sAMkhya ko dvaitavAdI darzana kahA jAtA hai| donoM tattvoM ko dvaitavAda meM eka-dUsare se svatantra mAnA jAtA hai; parantu jaba hama sAMkhya ke dvaitavAda kA siMhAvalokana karate haiM, taba dvaitavAda truTipUrNa pratIta hotA hai| sAMkhya ke dvaitavAda ke viruddha aneka AkSepa prastAvita kiye jA sakate haiN| . sAMkhya ne puruSa ko AtmA aura prakRti ko anAtma kahA hai| puruSa dRSTA aura prakRti dRzya hai| puruSa jJAtA hai aura prakRti jJeya hai| isa prakAra tattvoM ko eka-dUsare se svatantra mAnA jAtA hai, parantu yadi puruSa ko AtmA aura prakRti ko anAtma mAnA jAe to donoM ko eka-dUsare kI apekSA hogii| yadi anAtma ko nahIM mAnA jAe, to AtmA jJAna kisakA prApta karegI? yadi jJAna prApta karanevAlA AtmA ko nahIM mAnA jAe, to anAtma jJAna kA viSaya nahIM ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra AtmA anAtma kA saMketa karatA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki puruSa aura prakRti eka hI parama tattva ke do rUpa haiN| ___ yadyapi sAMkhya puruSa aura prakRti ke bIca dvaita mAnatA hai, phira bhI samasta sAMkhya-darzana prakRti kI apekSA puruSa kI pradhAnatA para jora detA hai|

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 77 prakRti puruSa ke bhoga tathA mokSa ke lie samasta vastuoM kA nirmANa karatI hai| jaba taka sabhI puruSoM ko mokSa nahIM mila jAtA hai, taba taka vikAsa kI kriyA sthagita nahIM ho sakatI hai; sacamuca prakRti puruSa ke uddezya ko pramANita karatI hai| prakRti sAdhana aura puruSa sAdhya hai| isa prakAra jaba prakRti puruSa ke adhInastha aura puruSa-AMzrita hai, taba puruSa aura prakRti ko svatantra tattva mAnanA bhrAmaka hai| sAMkhya prakRti kI apekSA puruSa ko adhika mahattA dekara vijJAnavAda kI ora agrasara pratIta hotA hai| niSkarSataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki sAMkhya anIzvaravAdI darzana hai, phira bhI sAMkhyoM ne puruSa arthAt AtmA ke kalyANa se sambandhita carcA apane darzana meM bharapUra kI hai, ataH sAMkhya adhyAtmavAdI darzana hai| (ca) yogadarzana meM adhyAtma yogadarzana bhI adhyAtma ko bala detA hai| bhogoM dvArA citta bhUmiyA~, aSTAMga sAdhana adhyAtma ke hI pratipAda haiM, jisakA vistRta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai yogadarzana ke praNetA pataMjali mAne jAte haiN| inhIM ke nAma para isa darzana ko 'pAtaMjala darzana' bhI kahA jAtA hai| yoga ke matAnusAra mokSa kI prApti hI jIvana kA carama lakSya hai| mokSa kI prApti ke lie viveka (jJAna) ko hI paryApta nahIM mAnA gayA hai, balki yogAbhyAsa para bhI bala diyA gayA hai| yogAbhyAsa para jora denA isa darzana kI nijI viziSTatA hai| isa prakAra yogadarzana meM vyAvahArika pakSa atyadhika pradhAna hai| yogadarzana sAMkhya kI taraha dvaitavAdI hai| sAMkhya ke tattvazAstra ko vaha pUrNataH mAnatA hai| usameM yaha sirpha Izvara ko jor3a detA hai, isalie yoga ko 'sezvara sAMkhya' tathA sAMkhya ko 'nirIzvara sAMkhya' kahA jAtA hai| yogadarzana ke jJAna kA AdhAra pataMjali dvArA likhita 'yogasUtra' ko hI kahA jA sakatA hai| yogasUtra meM yoga ke svarUpa, lakSaNa aura uddezya kI pUrNa carcA kI gayI hai| yogasUtra para vyAsa ne eka bhASya likhA hai, jise 'yoga bhASya' kahA jAtA hai| yaha bhASya yogadarzana kA prAmANika grantha mAnA jAtA hai| vAcaspati mizra ne bhI yogasUtra para TIkA likhI hai, jo 'tattva vaizAradI' kahI jAtI hai| sAMkhya aura yogadarzana meM atyanta hI nikaTatA kA sambandha hai,

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78. kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA jisake kAraNa donoM darzanoM ko samAna tantra kahA jAtA hai| donoM darzanoM ke anusAra jIvana kA mUla uddezya mokSAnubhUti prApta karanA hai| sAMkhya kI taraha yoga bhI saMsAra ko tIna prakAra ke duHkhoM se paripUrNa mAnatA hai| ve tIna prakAra ke duHkha haiM - '" (1) AdhyAtmika duHkha (2) Adhibhautika duHkha aura (3) Adhidaivika duHkh| - mokSa kA artha ina tIna prakAra ke duHkhoM se chuTakArA pAnA hai| bandhana kA kAraNa aviveka hai, isalie mokSa ko apanAne ke lie tattvajJAna ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| vastuoM ke vAstavika svarUpa ko jAnakara hI mAnava mukta ho sakatA hai| sAMkhya ke matAnusAra mokSa kI prApti viveka jJAna se hI sambhava hai, parantu yogadarzana viveka-jJAna kI prApti ke lie yogAbhyAsa ko Avazyaka mAnatA hai| isa prakAra yoga-darzana meM saiddhAntika jJAna ke atirikta vyAvahArika pakSa para bhI jora diyA gayA hai| ...... sAMkhya aura yogadarzana ko samAna tantra kahe jAne kA kAraNa yaha hai ki yoga aura sAMkhya donoM ke tattva-zAstra eka haiM, yogadarzana sAMkhya ke tattva-vicAra ko apanAtA hai| sAMkhya ke anusAra tattvoM kI saMkhyA paccIsa hai| sAMkhya. ke paccIsa tattvoM dasa bAhya indriyA~, tIna Antarika indriyA~, paMca tanmAtrA, paMca mahAbhUta prakRti aura puruSa ko yoga bhI mAnatA hai| yoga ina tattvoM meM eka tattva Izvara jor3a detA hai, jo yogadarzana kA chabbIsavA~ tattva hai| . . .ataH yoga ke matAnusAra tattvoM kI saMkhyA chabbIsa hai| yoga ina tattvoM kI vyAkhyA sAMkhya se alaga hokara nahIM karatA hai, balki sAMkhya ke tattvavicAra ko jyoM kA tyoM sirpha Izvara ko jor3akara mAna letA hai| isa prakAra yoga-darzana tattva-vicAra ke mAmale meM sAMkhya-darzana para AdhArita hai| yogadarzana ke pramANa-zAstra ko bhI jyoM kA tyoM mAna letA hai| sAMkhya ke matAnusAra pramANa tIna haiN| vaha pratyakSa, anumAna aura zabda ko jJAna kA sAdhana mAnatA hai| - sAMkhya kA vikAsavAdI siddhAnta yoga ko bhI mAnya hai, yoga vizva ke nirmANa kI vyAkhyA prakRti se karatA hai| prakRti kA hI rUpAntara vizva kI vibhinna vastuoM meM hotA hai, ataH sAMkhya prakRti-pariNAmavAda ko mAnatA hai| samasta vizva acetana prakRti kA vAstavika rUpAntara hai| jahA~ taka kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta kA sambandha hai| yoga-darzana sAMkhya

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79 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA para AdhArita hai| sAMkhya kI taraha yoga bhI sat kAryavAda ko apanAtA hai, ataH sAMkhya aura yoga ko samAna tantra kahanA saMgata hai / yogadarzana eka vyAvahArika darzana hai, jabaki sAMkhya eka saiddhAntika darzana hai| sAMkhya ke saiddhAntika pakSa kA vyAvahArika prayoga hI yogadarzana kahalAtA hai, ataH yogadarzana yogAbhyAsa kI paddhati ko batalAkara sAMkhya-darzana ko saphala banAtA hai / sAMkhya darzana meM Izvara kI carcA nahIM huI hai| sAMkhya Izvara ke sambandha meM pUrNataH mauna hai| isameM kucha vidvAnoM ne sAMkhya ko anIzvaravAdI kahA hai, parantu sAMkhya kA darzana isa vicAra kA pUrNarUpa se khaNDana nahIM karatA hai sAMkhya meM kahA gayA hai 'IzvarAsiddheH' Izvara asiddha hai| sAMkhya meM 'IzvarAbhAvAt' Izvara kA abhAva hai, nahIM kahA gayA hai| yogadarzana meM Izvara ke svarUpa kI pUrNarUpa se carcA huI hai / Izvara ko prasthApita karane ke lie tarkoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| Izvara ko yoga-darzana meM yoga kA viSaya kahA gayA hai| cU~ki sAMkhya aura yoga samAna tantra haiM, isalie yoga kI taraha sAMkhya-darza meM bhI IzvaravAda kI carcA avazya huI hogI 150 yogadarzana meM yoga ke svarUpa, uddezya aura paddhati kI carcA huI hai / sAMkhya kI taraha yoga bhI mAnatA hai ki bandhana kA kAraNa aviveka hai / puruSa aura prakRti kI bhinnatA kA jJAna nahIM rahanA hI bandhana hai / bandhana kA nAza viveka jJAna se sambhava hai| viveka jJAna kA artha puruSa aura prakRti ke bheda kA jJAna kahA jA sakatA hai| jaba AtmA ko apane vAstavika svarUpa kA jJAna ho jAtA hai, jaba AtmA yaha jAna letI hai ki maiM mana, buddhi, ahaMkAra se bhinna . hU~, taba vaha mukta ho jAtI hai| yogadarzana meM isa Atma-jJAna ko apanAne ke lie yogAbhyAsa kI vyAkhyA huI hai / yogadarzana meM yoga kA artha hai - 'cittavRtti kA nirodha' mana, ahaMkAra aura buddhi ko citta kahA jAtA hai| ye atyanta hI caMcala haiM; ataH inakA nirodha paramAvazyaka hai / 51 citta bhUmiyA~ yogadarzana cittabhUmi arthAt mAnasika avasthA ke bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM vizvAsa karatA hai / vyAsa citta kI pA~ca avasthAoM arthAt pA~ca bhUmiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ve (1) kSipta, (2) mUr3ha, (3) vikSipta, (4) ekAgra, (5) niruddha /

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80 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA kSipta citta kI vaha avasthA hai, jisameM citta rajoguNa ke prabhAva meM rahatA hai| isa avasthA meM citta atyadhika caMcala evaM sakriya rahatA hai| usakA dhyAna kisI eka vastu para kendrita nahIM ho pAtA, apitu vaha eka vastu se dUsarI vastu kI ora daur3atA hai| yaha avasthA yoga ke anukUla nahIM hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki isa avasthA meM indriyoM aura mana para saMyama kA abhAva rahatA hai| mUr3ha citta kI avasthA hai, jisameM vaha tamoguNa ke prabhAva meM rahatA hai| isa avasthA meM indriyoM aura mana para saMyama kA abhAva rahatA hai| mUr3ha citta kI vaha avasthA hai, jisameM vaha tamoguNa ke prabhAva meM rahatA hai| isa avasthA meM nidrA, Alasya, Adi kI prabalatA rahatI hai| citta meM niSkriyatA kA udaya hotA hai| isa avasthA meM bhI citta yogAbhyAsa ke upayukta nahIM hai| vikSiptAvasthA citta kI tIsarI avasthA hai| isa avasthA meM citta kA dhyAna kucha samaya ke lie vastu para jAtA hai, parantu vaha sthira nahIM ho paataa| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki isa avasthA meM citta-sthiratA kA AMzika-abhAva rahatA hai| isa avasthA meM citta-vRttiyoM kA kucha nirodha hotA hai, parantu phira bhI yaha avasthA yoga meM sahAyaka nahIM hai| yaha avasthA kSipta aura mUr3ha kI madhya avasthA hai| ekAgracitta kI vaha avasthA hai, jo sattva guNa ke prabhAva meM rahatA hai, sattva guNa kI prabalatA ke kAraNa isa avasthA meM jJAna kA prakAza rahatA hai| citta apane viSaya para dera taka dhyAna lagAtA rahatA hai| yadyapi isa avasthA meM sampUrNa cittavRttiyoM kA nirodha nahIM hotA hai, phira bhI yaha avasthA yoga avasthA meM pUrNataH sahAyaka hotI hai| niruddhAvasthA citta kA pA~cavA~ rUpa hai| isameM sabhI viSayoM se citta haTAkara eka viSaya para dhyAnamagna kiyA jAtA hai| isa avasthA meM citta kI sampUrNa vRttiyoM kA nirodha ho jAtA hai| citta meM sthiratA kA prAdurbhAva pUrNarUpa se hotA hai| agala-bagala ke viSaya citta ko AkarSita karane meM asaphala rahate haiN| ekAgra aura niruddha avasthAoM ko yogAbhyAsa ke yogya mAnA jAtA

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 81 hai| kSipta, mUr3ha aura vikSipta citta kI sAdhAraNa avasthAe~ haiM, jabaki ekAgra 'aura niruddha citta kI asAdhAraNa avasthAe~ haiN| . . . . - yoga ke aSTAMga sAdhana - yogadarzana sAMkhya darzana kI taraha bandhana kA mUla kAraNa aviveka ko mAnatA hai| puruSa aura prakRti ke pArthakya kA jJAna nahIM rahane ke kAraNa hI AtmA bandhana-grasta ho jAtI hai| mokSa ko apanAne ke lie tattvajJAna para adhika bala diyA gayA hai| yoga ke matAnusAra tattvajJAna kI prApti taba taka nahIM ho sakatI hai, jaba taka manuSya kA citta vikAroM se paripUrNa haiN| ataH yogadarzana meM citta kI sthiratA ko prApta karane ke lie cittavRttiyoM kA nirodha karane kI bAta kI hai| gItA meM yoga kA artha AtmA kA paramAtmA se milana mAnA gayA hai, parantu yogadarzana meM yoga kA artha hai raajyog| yoga mArga kI 8 sIr3hiyA~ haiM, ise yoga ke aSTAMga sAdhana bhI kahA jAtA hai| yoga ke aSTAMga mArga isa prakAra haiM-yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura smaadhi| . inheM 'yogAMga' bhI kahA jAtA hai| aba hama eka-eka kara yoga ke ina aMgoM kI vyAkhyA kreNge| 1. yama-yama yoga kA prathama aMga hai| bAhya aura Abhyantara indriyoM ke saMyama kI kriyA ko 'yama' kahA jAtA hai| yama 5 prakAra ke hote haiM - : (1) ahiMsA, (2) satya, (3) asteya, (4) brahmacarya, (5) aprigrh| - ahiMsA kA artha hai-kisI samaya kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA nahIM karanA / ahiMsA kA artha bhI prANiyoM kI hiMsA kA parityAga karanA hI nahIM hai, balki inake prati krUra vyavahAra kA bhI parityAga karanA hai| yogadarzana meM hiMsA ko sabhI burAiyoM kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki isameM ahiMsA ke pAlana para atyadhika jora diyA gayA hai| satya kA artha hai-mithyAvacana kA prityaag| vyakti ko aise vacanoM kA prayoga karanA cAhie, jisameM sabhI prANiyoM kA hita ho| jisa vacana se kisI bhI prANI kA ahita ho, usakA parityAga paramAvazyaka hai| jaisA dekhA, sunA aura anumAna kiyA; usI prakAra mana kA niyantraNa karanA caahie| asteya tIsarA yama hai| dUsare ke dhana kA apaharaNa karane kI pravRtti

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82 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA kA tyAga hI 'asteya' hai| dUsare kI sampatti para anucita rUpa se adhikAra jamAnA 'steya' kahA jAtA hai| isa manovRtti kA parityAga hI asteya kA dUsarA nAma hai| - brahmacarya cauthA yama hai| brahmacarya kA artha hai-viSaya-vAsanA kI ora jhukAnevAlI pravRtti kA prityaag| brahmacarya ke dvArA aisI indriyoM ke saMyama kA Adeza diyA jAtA hai, jo kAmecchA se sambandhita haiN| aparigraha pA~cavA~ yama hai| lobhavaza anAvazyaka vastu ke grahaNa-tyAga ko hI aparigraha kahA jAtA hai| uparyukta pA~ca yamoM ke pAlana meM varNa, vyavasAya, dezakAla ke kAraNa kisI prakAra kA apavAda nahIM honA caahie| yoga-darzana meM mana ko sabala banAne ke lie ye 5 prakAra ke yama kA pAlana Avazyaka samajhA gayA hai| inake pAlana se mAnava burI pravRttiyoM ko vaza meM karane meM saphala hotA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa vaha yoga-mArga meM Age bar3hatA hai| (2) niyama-'niyama' yoga kA dUsarA aMga hai| niyama kA artha hai - sadAcAra ko. prazraya denaa| niyama bhI pA~ca mAne gaye haiM - (ka) zauca-zauca ke andara bAhya aura Antarika zuddhi samAviSTa hai| sthAna, pavitra, bhojana, svacchatA ke dvArA bAhya zuddhi tathA maitrI, karuNA, sahAnubhUti, prasannatA, kRtajJatA ke dvArA Antarika arthAt mAnasika zuddhi ko apanAnA caahie| (kha) santoSa-ucita prayAsa se jo kucha bhI prApta ho, usI se santuSTa rahanA santoSa kahA jAtA hai| zarIra-yAtrA ke lie jo nitAnta Avazyaka hai, usase bhinna alaga cIja kI icchA na karanA santoSa hai| (ga) tapasa-sardI-garmI sahane kI zakti lagAtAra baiThe rahanA aura khar3A rahanA, zArIrika kaThinAiyoM ko jhelanA, 'tapasa' kahalAtA hai| (gha) svAdhyAya-zAstroM kA adhyayana karanA tathA jJAnI puruSa ke kathanoM kA anuzIlana krnaa| (Ga) Izvara praNidhAna-Izvara ke prati zraddhA rakhanA paramAvazyaka hai| yoga-darzana meM Izvara ke dhyAna ko yoga kA sarvazreSTha viSaya mAnA jAtA hai| yama aura niyama meM antara yaha hai ki yama niSedhAtmaka sadguNa hai,

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___ kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 83 jabaki niyama bhAvAtmaka sadguNa hai| (3) Asana-Asana tIsarA yogAMga hai| Asana kA artha hai-zarIra ko vizeSa mudrA meM rakhanA / Asana kI avasthA meM zarIra kA hilanA aura mana kI caMcalatA Adi kA abhAva ho jAtA hai, tana-mana donoM ko sthira rakhanA par3atA hai| zarIra ko kaSTa se bacAne ke lie Asana ko apanAne kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| dhyAna kI avasthA meM yadi zarIra ko kaSTa kI anubhUti vidyamAna rahe to dhyAna meM bAdhA pahu~ca sakatI hai| isalie Asana para jora diyA gayA hai| Asana vibhinna prakAra ke hote haiN| Asana kI zikSA sAdhaka ko eka yogya guru ke dvArA grahaNa karanI caahie| Asana ke dvArA zarIra svastha ho jAtA hai tathA sAdhaka ko apane zarIra para adhikAra ho jAtA hai| yogAsana zarIra ko sabala tathA nIroga banAne ke lie Avazyaka hai| (4) prANAyAma-prANAyAma yoga kA cauthA aMga hai| zvAsa-prakriyA ko niyantrita karake, usameM eka krama lAnA prANAyAma kahA jAtA hai| jaba taka vyakti kI sA~sa calatI rahatI hai, taba taka usakA mana caMcala rahatA hai| zvAsa-vAyu ke sthagita hone se citta meM sthiratA kA udaya hotA hai| prANAyAma ke tIna bheda haiM-(1) pUraka (2) kumbhaka aura (3) reck| . pUraka-prANAyAma kA vaha aMga hai, jisameM gaharI zvAsa lI jAtI hai| kumbhaka meM zvAsa ko bhItara rokA jAtA hai| recaka meM zvAsa ko bAhara nikAlA jAtA hai| prANAyAma kA abhyAsa kisI guru ke nirdezAnusAra hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| zvAsa ke vyAyAma se hRdaya sabala ho jAtA hai| (5) pratyAhAra-yaha yoga kA pA~cavA~ aMga hai| pratyAhAra kA artha hai - indriyoM ke bAhya viSayoM se haTAnA tathA unheM mana ke vaza meM rkhnaa| indriyA~ svabhAvataH apane viSayoM kI ora daur3atI haiM 152 yogAbhyAsa ke lie dhyAna ko eka ora lagAnA hotA hai| ataH yaha Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki indriyoM kA apane viSayoM se saMsarga nahIM ho| pratyAhAra ke dvArA indriyA~ apane viSayoM ke pIche se na calakara mana ke adhIna ho jAtI haiN| pratyAhAra ko apanAnA atyanta kaThina hai| anavarata abhyAsa, dRr3ha saMkalpa aura indriya-nigraha ke dvArA hI pratyAhAra ko apanAyA jA sakatA hai|

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84 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA __(6) dhAraNA-dhAraNA kA artha hai-citta ko abhISTa viSaya para jmaanaa|' dhAraNA Antarika anuzAsana kI pahalI sIr3hI hai| dhAraNA meM citta kisI eka vastu para kendrita ho jAtA hai| isa yogAMga meM citta ko anya vastuoM se haTAkara eka vastu kA koI aMza athavA sUrya, candramA yA kisI devatA kI pratimA meM se koI bhI raha sakatI hai| isa avasthA kI prApti ke bAda sAdhaka dhyAna ke yogya ho jAtA hai| .... (7) dhyAna-dhyAna sAtavA~ yogAMga hai| dhyAna kA artha hai abhISTa viSaya kA nirantara anuzIlana | dhyAna kI vastu kA jJAna avicchinna rUpa se hotA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa viSaya kA spaSTa jJAna ho jAtA hai| pahale viSayoM ke aMzoM kA jJAna hotA hai, phira sampUrNa viSaya kI rUparekhA vidita hotI hai| (8) samAdhi-samAdhi antima yogAMga hai| isa avasthA meM dhyeya vastu kI hI cetanA rahatI hai| isa avasthA meM mana apane dhyeya viSaya meM pUrNataH lIna ho jAtA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa use apanA kucha bhI. jJAna nahIM rhtaa| dhyAna kI avasthA meM vastu kI dhyAna-kriyA aura AtmA kI cetanA rahatI hai, paranta samAdhi meM yaha cetanA lupta ho jAtI hai| isa avasthA ko prApta ho jAne se 'cittavRtti kA nirodha' ho jAtA hai| samAdhi ko yogadarzana meM sAdhana ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| samAdhi kI yaha mahattA isalie hai ki usase cittavRtti kA nirodha hotA hai| isa prakAra cittavRtti kA nirodha sAdhya huaa| dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi kA sAkSAt sambandha yoga se hai| pahale pA~ca arthAt yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma aura pratyAhAra kA yoga se sAkSAt sambandha nahIM hai| ye pA~ca yogAMga to eka prakAra se dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi ke lie taiyArI mAtra haiN| pahale pA~ca yogAMga ke bahiraMga sAdhana aura antima tIna ko antaraMga sAdhana kahA jAtA hai| aSTAMga yoga ke pAlana se citta kA vikAra naSTa ho jAtA hai| AtmA apane yathArtha svarUpa ko pahacAna pAtI hai, kyoMki tattvajJAna kI vRddhi hotI hai| AtmA ko prakRti, deha, mana, indriyoM se bhinna hone kA jJAna prApta ho jAtA hai| isaprakAra bhI mokSa kI prApti ho jAtI hai| samAdhi ke bheda yogadarzana meM samAdhi do prakAra kI mAnI gayI hai - (1) samprajJAta samAdhi (2) asamprajJAta samAdhi

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kavivara dhAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 85: samprajJAta samAdhi usa samAdhi ko kahate haiM, jisameM dhyeya viSaya kA spaSTa jJAna rahatA ho| samprajJAta samAdhi ko sabIja samAdhi kahate haiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki isa samAdhi meM citta eka vastu para kendrita rahatA hai, jisake sAtha usakI tAdAtmyatA rahatI hai| cUMki samAdhi ke dhyeya viSaya kI nirantara bhinnatA rahatI hai| isalie isa bhinnatA ke AdhAra para cAra prakAra kI samprajJAta samAdhi kI vyAkhyA huI hai| . (1) savitarka samAdhi-yaha samAdhi kA vaha rUpa hai, jisameM sthUla viSaya para dhyAna lagAyA jAtA hai| isa samAdhi kA udAharaNa mUrti para dhyAna jamAnA kahA jA sakatA hai| (2) savicAra samAdhi-yaha samAdhi kA vaha rUpa hai, jisameM sUkSma viSaya para dhyAna lagAyA jAtA hai| kabhI-kabhI tanmAtrA bhI dhyAna kA viSaya hotI hai| (3) sAnanda samAdhi-isa samAdhi meM dhyAna kA viSaya indriyA~ rahatI haiN| hamArI indriyA~ gyAraha haiM-pA~ca jJAnendriyA~ + pA~ca karmendriyA~ + mana / ina para dhyAna lagAyA jAtA hai| indriyoM kI anubhUti AnandadAyaka hone ke kAraNa isa samAdhi ko sAnanda samAdhi kahA jAtA hai| ... (4) sasmita samAdhi-samAdhi kI isa avasthA meM dhyAna kA viSaya ahaMkAra hai| ahaMkAra ko 'asmitA' kahA jAtA hai| samAdhi kA dUsarA rUpa asamprajJAta kahA jAtA hai| asamprajJAta samAdhi meM dhyAna kA viSaya hI lupta ho jAtA hai| isa avasthA meM AtmA apane yathArtha svarUpa ko pahacAna letI hai| isa avasthA kI prApti ke sAtha-hI-sAtha sabhI prakAra kI cittavRttiyoM kA nirodha ho jAtA hai| AtmA kA samparka vibhinna viSayoM se chUTa jAtA hai| isa samAdhi meM dhyAna kI cetanA kA pUrNataH abhAva rahatA hai| isalie isa samAdhi ko nirbIja samAdhi kahA jAtA hai| yahI AtmA ke mokSa kI avasthA hai| Izvara kA svarUpa yogadarzana sAMkhya ke tattvazAstra ko apanAkara usameM Izvara kA vicAra jor3a detA hai| isalie yogadarzana ko sezvara-sAMkhya kahA jAtA hai aura sAMkhya darzana ko nirIzvarasAMkhya kahA jAtA hai| yogadarzana Izvara kI sattA ko mAnakara IzvaravAdI darzana kahalAne kA dAvA karatA hai|

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86 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA : yogadarzana meM mUlataH Izvara kA vyAvahArika mahattva hai| yogadarzana kA mukhya uddezya cittavRttiyoM kA nirodha hai, jisakI prApti 'Izvara praNidhAna' se hI sambhava mAnI gayI hai| Izvara praNidhAna kA artha hai- Izvara kI bhkti| yahI kAraNa hai ki yoga darzana meM Izvara ko dhyAna kA sarvazreSTha viSaya mAnA gayA hai| yadyapi yogadarzana meM Izvara kA vyAvahArika mahattva hai; phira bhI isase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki yogadarzana meM Izvara ke saiddhAntika pakSa kI avahelanA kI gaI hai, sarvathA anucita hogA isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki yogadarzana meM Izvara ke svarUpa kI vyAkhyA saiddhAntika dRSTi se kI gaI hai tathA Izvara ko pramANita karane ke lie tarkoM kA prayoga huA hai| pataMjali ne svayaM Izvara ko eka vizeSa prakAra kA puruSa kahA hai, jo dukha-karma vipAka se achUtA rahatA hai| Izvara svabhAvataH pUrNa aura ananta hai| usakI zakti sImita nahIM hai| Izvara nitya hai, vaha anAdi aura ananta hai| vaha sarvavyApI, sarvazaktimAna aura sarvajJa hai| vaha triguNAtIta hai| Izvara jIvoM se bhinna hai| jIva, meM avidyA, rAga, dveSa Adi kA nivAsa hai; parantu Izvara ina sabhI se rahita hai| jIva karmaniyama ke adhIna hai, jabaki Izvara karmaniyama se svatantra hai| Izvara muktAtmA se bhI bhinna hai| muktAtmA pahale bandhana meM rahate haiM, phira bAda meM calakara mukta ho jAte haiN| isake viparIta Izvara nitya mukta hai| Izvara eka hai| yadi Izvara ko aneka mAnA jAe, taba do hI sambhAvanAyeM ho sakatI haiN| pahalI sambhAvanA yaha ho sakatI hai ki aneka Izvara eka-dUsare ko sImita karate haiM, jisake phalasvarUpa anIzvaravAda kA prAdurbhAva hogaa| ataH yoga ko ekezvaravAdI darzana kahA jAtA hai| yogadarzana meM Izvara ko vizva kA sRSTi kartA, pAlanakartA aura saMhArakartA nahIM mAnA gayA hai| vizva kI sRSTi prakRti ke vikAsa ke phalasvarUpa hI huI hai| yadyapi Izvara vizva kA sRSTA nahIM hai, phira bhI vaha vizva kI sRSTi meM sahAyaka hotA hai| vizva kI sRSTi puruSa aura prakRti ke saMyojana se hI Arambha hotI hai| puruSa aura prakRti donoM eka-dUsare se bhinna evaM viruddha koTi ke haiN| donoM ko saMyukta karane ke lie yogadarzana meM Izvara kI mImAMsA huI hai| ataH Izvara vizva kA nimitta kAraNa hai, jabaki prakRti

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87 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA' vizva kA upAdAna kAraNa hai| isa bAta ko vijJAnabhikSu aura vAcaspati mizra ne prAmANikatA dI hai / yogadarzana meM Izvara ko dayAlu, antaryAmI, vedoM kA praNetA, dharma, jJAna aura aizvarya kA svAmI mAnA gayA hai| Izvara ko RSiyoM kA guru mAMnA gayA hai| yogamArga meM jo rukAvaTeM AtI haiM, unheM Izvara dUra karatA hai / jo Izvara kI bhakti karate haiM, unheM Izvara sahAyatA pradAna karatA hai| 'om' Izvara kA pratIka hai / niSkarSa : yogadarzana kI anamola dena yoga ke aSTAMga mArga ko kahA jAtA hai| yU~ to bhArata kA pratyeka darzana kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM samAdhi kI AvazyakatA para bala detA hai, parantu yogadarzana meM samAdhi ko eka anuzAsana ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| kucha yoga kA artha jAdU-TonA samajhakara yoga-darzana ke kaTu Alocaka bana jAte haiN| yogadarzana meM yogAbhyAsa kI vyAkhyA mokSa ko apanAne ke uddezya se hI kI hai| ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki yogadarzana bhI adhyAtma ko hI mahattva detA hai / (cha) mImAMsA - darzana meM adhyAtma --- mImAMsA - darzana ko Astika darzana kahA jAtA hai| mImAMsA darzana sirpha veda kI prAmANikatA ko hI nahIM mAnatA, balki veda para pUrNataH AdhArita hai| veda ke do aMga haiM, ve haiM jJAnakANDa aura karmakANDa / veda ke jJAnakANDa kI mImAMsA vedAnta darzana meM huI hai, jabaki veda ke karmakANDa kI mImAMsA, mImAMsA darzana meM huI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mImAMsA aura vedAnta ko sAMkhya-darzana, nyAya-vaizeSika kI taraha samAna kahA jAtA hai / 2 jaiminI ko mImAMsA - darzana kA praNetA kahA jAtA hai tathA isake do sampradAya haiM - eka ke praNetA kumArilabhaTTa aura dUsare sampradAya ke praNetA prabhAkara mizra haiN| mImAMsA darzana ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai (1) pramANa vicAra, ( 2 ) tattva vicAra, (3) dharma vicAra | cU~ki adhyAtma se sambandhita dharma vicAra hai, ataH yahA~ para dharma vicAra kA adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai| dharma vicAra karmaphala siddhAnta - kucha mImAMsakoM ke matAnusAra svarga hI jIvana

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88 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA kA carama lakSya mAnA gayA hai| isa vicAra ke poSaka jaiminI aura zabada haiN| svarga ko duHkha se zUnya zuddha sukha kA sthAna kahA gayA hai| svarga kI prApti karma ke dvArA hI sambhava hai| jo svarga cAhate haiM, unheM karma karanA caahie| svarga kI prApti yajJa, bali Adi karmoM ke dvArA hI sambhava hai| mImAMsA ke anusAra unhIM karmoM kA pAlana Avazyaka hai jo 'dharma' ke anukUla haiN| mImAMsA vaidika karmakANDa ko hI dharma mAnatI hai| veda nitya jJAna ke bhaNDAra tathA apauruSeya haiN| yajJa, bali, havana Adi ke pAlana kA nirdeza veda meM nihita hai, jinake anuSThAna se hI vyakti dharma ko apanA sakatA hai| ataH dharma kA artha veda-nihita kartavya hai| aise karma jinake anuSThAna meM veda sahamata nahIM hai tathA jina karmoM kA veda meM niSedha kiyA gayA hai, unakA parityAga Avazyaka hai| bhImAMsA ke matAnusAra adharma kA artha veda ke niSiddha karmoM kA tyAga hai| isa prakAra kartavyatA aura akartavyatA kA AdhAra vaidika vAkya hai| uttama jIvana vaha hai, jisameM veda ke AdezoM kA pAlana hotA hai| mImAMsA darzana meM karma para atyadhika jora diyA gayA hai| karma para mImAMsakoM ne itanA mahattva diyA hai ki Izvara kA sthAna gauNa ho gayA hai| Izvara ke guNoM kA varNana mImAMsA meM aprApya hai| yadi mImAMsA Izvara kI sattA ko mAnatA hai to isalie ki unake nAma para homa kiyA jAtA hai| ____mImAMsakoM ke anusAra karma kA uddezya devatA ko santuSTa karanA nahIM hai, apitu AtmA kI zuddhi hai| yahA~ para mImAMsA vaidika yuga kI paramparA kA ullaMghana karatA hai| vaidika-yuga meM indra, varuNa, sUrya, agni Adi devatAoM ko santuSTa karane ke lie ye kiye jAte the| yajJa ke dvArA devatAoM ko prabhAvita karane kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA thA, tAki ve iSTa-sAdhana athavA' aniSTa nivAraNa kreN| mImAMsA isake viparIta yajJa ko veda kA Adeza mAnakara karane kI salAha detI hai| veda meM aneka prakAra ke karmoM kI carcA huI hai| veda kI mAnyatA ko svIkAra karate hue mImAMsA batalAtI hai ki kina-kina karmoM kA pAlana tathA kina-kina karmoM kA parityAga karanA caahie| (1) nitya karma-nitya karma ve karma haiM, jinheM pratyeka dina vyakti ko

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89 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA karanA hI par3atA hai| aise karmoM kA udAharaNa dhyAna, snAna, saMdhyA, pUjA Adi karma haiN| dainika prArthanA bhI nitya karma hai| pratyeka vyakti ko prAtaH kAla aura saMdhyA kAla prArthanA karanA anivArya hai| ina karmoM ke karane se puNya saMcaya nahIM hotA hai, parantu inake nahIM karane se pApa kA udaya hotA hai / - (2) naimittika karma - naimittika karma una karmoM ko kahA jAtA hai jo vizeSa avasaroM para kiye jAte haiM / candra-grahaNa athavA sUrya grahaNa ke samaya gaMgA meM snAna karanA naimittika karma kA udAharaNa hai| isake atirikta janma, mRtyu aura vivAha ke samaya kiye gaye karma bhI naimittika karma ke udAharaNa haiM / isa karma ke karane se vizeSa lAbha nahIM hotA hai, parantu yadi inheM nahIM kiyA jAe to pApa saMcaya hotA hai / ( 3 ) kAmya karma - aise karma nizcita phala kI prApti ke uddezya se kiye jAte haiM, kAmya karma kahalAte haiM / putra - prApti, dhana prApti, graha - zAnti Adi ke lie jo yajJa, havana, bali tathA anya karma kiye jAte haiM, kAmya karma ke udAharaNa haiM / prAcIna mImAMsakoM kA kathana hai svargakAmo yajeta / jo svarga cAhatA hai, vaha yajJa kare / svarga-prApti ke lie kiye jAnevAle karma kAmya karma meM samAviSTa haiM / aise karmoM ke karane se puNya saMcaya hotA hai.. inake nahIM karane se pApa kA udaya nahIM hotA hai| parantu - (4) prAyazcitta karma - yadi koI vyakti niSiddha karma ko karatA hai to usake azubha phala se bacane ke lie prAyazcitta hotA hai| aisI paristhiti meM bure phala ko rokane ke lie athavA kama karane ke lie jo karma kiyA jAtA hai / vaha prAyazcitta karma kahA jAtA hai / prAyazcitta ke lie aneka vidhiyoM kA varNana pUrNa rIti se kiyA jAtA hai Upara varNita karmoM meM kucha aise karma (nitya aura naimittika karma) haiM, jinakA pAlana veda' kA Adeza samajhakara karanA caahie| ina karmoM kA pAlana isalie karanA cAhie ki veda vaisA karane ke lie AjJA dete haiM / karttavya kA pAlana hameM isalie nahIM karanA cAhie ki unase upakAra hogA, balki isalie karanA cAhie ki hameM karttavya karanA hai / mImAMsA kI taraha kAnTa mAnatA hai ki karttavya, karttavya ke lie honA caahie| bhAvanAoM yA icchAoM ke lie nahIM / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki bhAvanAe~ manuSya ko karttavya ke patha se nIce le jAtI haiN| ukta samatA ke

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90 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA bAvajUda mImAMsA aura kAnTa ke karma - siddhAntoM meM kucha antara hai| mImAMsA aura kAnTa ke karma siddhAnta meM pahalA antara yaha hai ki mImAMsA phala ke vitaraNa ke lie 'apUrva siddhAnta ko aMgIkAra karatI hai, jabaki kAnTa phala ke vitaraNa ke lie Izvara kI mImAMsA karatI hai| mImAMsA aura kAnTa ke karma siddhAnta meM dUsarA antara yaha hai ki mImAMsA karttavyatA kA mUla srota ekamAtra veda - vAkya ko mAnatI hai, jabaki kAnTa karttavyatA kA mUla srota AtmA ke uccatararUpa ko mAnatA hai / mImAMsA kA karma siddhAnta gItA ke niSkAma karma se bhI milatA-julatA hai / eka vyakti ko karma ke lie prayatnazIla rahanA cAhie, parantu use karma ke phaloM kI cintA nahIM karanI cAhie / gItA kA kathana hai ki karma karanA hI tumhArA adhikAra hai, phala kI cintA mata karo 17 mImAMsA ke anusAra vizva kI sRSTi aisI hai ki karma karanevAlA usake phala se vaMcita nahIM ho sakatA / vaidika karma ko karane se svarga kI prApti hotI hai / pratyeka karma kA apanA phala hotA hai / jaba eka devatA ko bali dI jAtI hai to usake phalasvarUpa vizeSa puNya saMcaya hotA hai / ve sabhI phala mukhya lakSya svarga athavA mokSa ko apanAne meM sahAyaka haiN| aba, yaha prazna uThatA hai ki yaha kaise sambhava hai ki abhI ke kiye gaye karma kA phala bAda meM svarga meM milegA? karma kA phala karma ke pAlana ke bahuta bAda kaise mila sakatA hai| mImAMsA isa samasyA kA samAdhAna karane ke lie apUrva siddhAnta kA sahArA letI hai, apUrva kA zAbdika artha hai, vaha jo pahale nahIM thA / mImAMsA mAnatI hai ki isa loka meM kiye gaye karma eka adRzya zakti utpanna karate haiN| jise apUrva kahA jAtA hai / mRtyu ke bAda AtmA paraloka meM jAtI hai| jaba use apane karmoM kA phala bhoganA par3atA hai| 'apUrva' ke AdhAra para hI AtmA ko sukha - dukha bhogane par3ate haiN| kumArila ke anusAra 'apUrva' adRzya zakti hai, jo AtmA ke andara udita hotI hai| karma kI dRSTi se 'apUrva karma - siddhAnta kahA jAtA hai apUrva siddhAnta ke anusAra pratyeka kAraNa meM zakti nihita hai, jisase phala nikalatA hai| eka bIja meM zakti antarbhUta hai, jisake kAraNa hI vRkSa kA udaya hotA hai| kucha loga yahA~ para Apatti kara sakate haiM ki yadi bIja meM vRkSa utpanna karane kI zakti nihita hai to kyoM nahIM sarvadA bIja se vRkSa kA AvirbhAva hotA hai /

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 91 mImAMsA isakA kAraNa bAdhAoM kA upasthita honA batalAtI hai, jisake kAraNa zakti kA hAsa ho jAtA hai| sUrya meM pRthvI ko Alokita karane kI zakti hai, parantu yadi megha ke dvArA sUrya ko DhaMka liyA jAe to sUrya pRthvI ko Alokita nahIM kara sakatA hai| apUrva siddhAnta sArvabhauma niyama hai, jo mAnatA hai ki bAdhAoM ke haTa jAne se pratyeka vastu meM nihita zakti kucha-na-kucha phala avazya degii| 'apUrva' ko saMcAlita karane ke lie Izvara kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| yaha svasaMcAlita hai| 'apUrva kI sattA kA jJAna veda se prApta hotA hai| isake atirikta arthApatti bhI 'apUrva' kA jJAna detA hai| zaMkara ne 'apUrva' kI AlocanA yaha kahakara kI hai ki 'apUrva acetana hone ke kAraNa kisI AdhyAtmika sattA ke abhAva meM saMcAlita nahIM ho sakate, karma ke phaloM kI vyavasthA apUrva se karanA asaMgata hai| mokSa vicAra prAcIna mImAMsakoM ne svarga ko jIvana kA carama lakSya mAnA thA, parantu mImAMsA darzana ke vikAsa ke sAtha-hI-sAtha bAda ke samarthakoM ne mokSa ke mahattva para prakAza DAlA hai| unhoMne mokSa ke svarUpa aura sAdhanoM kA vicAra kiyA hai| aise mImAMsakoM meM prabhAkara aura kumArila kA nAma liyA jA sakatA hai| mImAMsA ke matAnusAra AtmA svabhAvataH acetana hai| AtmA meM cetanA kA saMcAra tabhI hotA hai, jaba AtmA kA saMyoga zarIra, indriya, mana Adi se hotA hai| mokSa kI avasthA meM AtmA kA samparka zarIra, indriya, mana se TUTa jAtA hai| isakA phala yaha hotA hai ki mokSa kI avasthA meM AtmA ke dharma aura adharma sarvadA ke lie naSTa ho jAte haiN| isake phalasvarUpa punarjanma kA anta ho jAtA hai, kyoMki dharma aura adharma ke kAraNa hI AtmA ko vibhinna zarIroM meM janma lenA par3atA hai| jaba dharma aura adharma kA kSaya ho jAtA hai to AtmA kA samparka zarIra se hamezA ke lie chUTa jAtA hai| __ mokSa dukha ke abhAva kI avasthA hai| mokSAvasthA meM sAMsArika duHkhoM kA Atyantika vinAza ho jAtA hai| mokSa ko mImAMsakoM ne Ananda kI avasthA nahIM mAnA hai| kumArilla kA kathana hai ki yadi mokSa ko AnandarUpa mAnA jAe to vaha svarga ke tulya hogA tathA nazvara hogaa| mokSa nitya hai, kyoMki vaha abhAvarUpa hai| ataH mokSa ko AnandadAyaka avasthA kahanA

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92 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA bhrAmaka hai| mImAMsA kA mokSa-vicAra nyAya-vaizeSika ke mokSa - vicAra se milatA-julatA hai| naiyAyikoM ne mokSa ko Ananda kI avasthA nahIM mAnA hai| naiyAyikoM ne mokSa ko AtmA ke jJAna, sukha, dukha se zUnya avasthA kahA hai| mImAMsA ke matAnusAra mokSa kI prApti jJAna aura karma se sambhava hai| prabhAkara ne kAmya aura niSiddha karmoM ko na karane tathA nitya karmoM ke anuSThAna evaM AtmajJAna ko mokSa kA upAya kahA hai| AtmajJAna mokSa ke lie Avazyaka hai, kyoMki Atma-jJAna hI dharmAdharma ke saMcaya ko rokakara zarIra ke Atyantika uccheda kA kAraNa ho jAtA hai| ataH mokSa kI prApti ke lie jJAna aura karma donoM Avazyaka haiN| kumArilla ne bhI kahA hai ki jo zarIra ke bandhana se chuTakArA pAnA cAhatA hai, use kAmya aura niSiddha karma nahIM karanA cAhie; lekina nitya aura naimittika karmoM kA use tyAga nahIM karanA caahie| ina karmoM ko na karane se pApa hotA hai aura karate rahane se pApa nahIM hotA / kevala karma se mokSa nahIM prApta ho sakatA hai| kevala AtmajJAna ko hI mokSa kA sAdhana nahIM samajhanA caahieN| kumArilla ke matAnusAra mokSa karma aura jJAna ke sammilita prayAsa se sambhava hai| ataH prabhAkara tathA kumArilla ke mokSa vicAra meM atyadhika samatA hai / niSkarSataH mImAMsA ke darzana sambandhI vicAra aura vivecana para eka AlocanAtmaka dRSTi DAlane se yaha spaSTa hai ki cintana bahuta gambhIra nahIM hai / unake dArzanika siddhAntoM meM adhika gaharAI nahIM hai / phira bhI mImAMsA hI vaha zAstra hai, jisake niyamoM kA sahArA lekara dharmazAstroM kI bahuta-sI jalatI huI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai| mokSa ko prApta karane meM AtmA kI ahama bhUmikA batAte hue kumArila bhaTTa kahate haiM ki mokSAvasthA meM jaba mana aura indriyA~ bhI nahIM hotIM, AtmA apane zuddha svarUpa arthAt jJAna zaktirUpa meM rahatI hai| mokSAvasthA meM AtmA eka jJAnazakti sattA mAtra hai / aisA mAnakara bhI ve AtmA kI sthiti ko arthAt adhyAtma ko svIkAra karate haiN| 3. adhyAtma vibhinna manISiyoM kI dRSTi meM bhAratIya darzana kI mukhya vizeSatA vyAvahArikatA hai| bhArata meM jIvana kI samasyAoM ko hala karane ke lie darzana kA sRjana huA hai| jaba mAnava ne apane ko duHkhoM ke AvaraNa se ghirA huA pAyA, taba usane pIr3A aura kleza se chuTakArA pAne kI kAmanA kI / isa prakAra duHkhoM se nivRtti ke lie

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 93 usane darzana ko apnaayaa| isIlie pro. hiriyAnA ne kahA hai-'pAzcAtya darzana kI bhA~ti bhAratIya darzana kA Arambha Azcarya evaM utsukatA se na hokara jIvana kI naitika evaM bhautika burAiyoM ke zamana ke nimitta huA thaa| dArzanika prayatnoM kA mUla uddezya thA, jIvana ke duHkhoM kA anta DhU~DhanA aura tAttvika praznoM kA prAdurbhAva isI silasile meM huaa| Upara ke vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bhArata meM jJAna kI carcA jJAna ke lie na hokara mokSAnubhUti ke lie huI hai| ataH bhArata meM darzana kA anuzIlana mokSa ke lie hI kiyA gayA hai| mokSa kA artha hai-duHkha se nivRtti / yaha eka aisI avasthA hai, jisameM samasta duHkhoM kA abhAva hotA hai| duHkhAbhAva arthAt mokSa ko parama lakSya mAnane ke phalasvarUpa bhAratIya darzana ko mokSadarzana kahA jAtA hai| mokSa kI prApti AtmA ke dvArA mAnI gayI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki cArvAka ko chor3akara sabhI darzanoM meM AtmA kA anuzIlana huA hai| AtmA ke svarUpa kI vyAkhyA bhAratIya darzana ke adhyAtmavAda kA sabUta hai| bhAratIya darzana ko AtmA kI parama mahattA pradAna karane ke kAraNa kabhI-kabhI AtmavidyA bhI kahA jAtA hai| ataH vyAvahArikatA aura AdhyAtmikatA bhAratIya darzana kI vizeSatAyeM haiN| isa adhyAya meM vibhinna vidvAnoM dvArA AtmA ke viSaya meM kI gaI TippaNiyoM, carcAoM evaM paribhASAoM para adhyayana kiyA jaayegaa| (1) vyAsa ke anusAra AtmA kA svarUpa mahAkavi vyAsa ne gItA kI racanA kI hai| unhoMne gItA meM jIvAtmA ko Izvara kA aMza kahA hai| bhagavAna ne kahA hai ki 'jIva merA hI aMza hai'59 isa prakAra jIvAtmA ko gItA meM gauravapUrNa sthAna pradAna kiyA gayA hai| jIvAtmA eka kartA hai, vaha zarIradhArI AtmA hai| manuSya jIvAtmA hai| gItA meM AtmA ko amara mAnA gayA hai| AtmA kI amaratA kA ullekha karate hue vyAsa ne likhA hai-'yaha AtmA kisI kAla meM na janmatA hai aura na maratA hai| yaha ajanmA, nitya, zAzvata aura purAtana hai| isa AtmA ko zastra kATa nahIM sakate haiM aura isako Aga jalA nahIM sakatI hai, isako pAnI bhigA yA galA nahIM sakatA aura vAyu sukhA bhI nahIM sakatI hai| yaha AtmA nitya, sarvavyApI, sthira, acala aura sanAtana arthAt cirantana hai| cUMki AtmA amara hai, isalie AtmA kA punarjanma hotA hai| amaratA kI dhAraNA punarjanma kI dhAraNA ko bala detI hai| jIvAtmA kA nayA zarIra dhAraNa karanA manuSya ke naye vastra dhAraNa karane ke samAna hai| 2 gItA

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94 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA meM mokSa kI prApti ke lie jIvAtmA ko indriyoM para niyantraNa karane kA Adeza diyA gayA hai| (2) cArvAka ke AtmA sambandhI vicAra.. cArvAka caitanya ko AtmA kA guNa nahIM mAnatA hai| caitanya zarIra kA guNa hai| zarIra meM hI cetanA kA astitva rahatA hai| cArvAka AtmA ko zarIra se abhinna svIkAra karatA hai| AtmA aura deha ke bIca abhedaM mAnane ke phalasvarUpa cArvAka ke AtmA sambandhI vicAroM ko dehAtmavAda kahA jAtA hai| bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne AtmA amara hai-isa bAta kA khaNDana karate hue cArvAka AtmA ko nAzavAna mAnate haiN| zarIra ke nAza ke sAtha hI AtmA kI sthiti kA bhI anta ho jAtA hai| vartamAna jIvana ke atirikta koI dUsarA jIvana nahIM hai| AtmA eka zarIra ke bAda dUsare zarIra ko nahIM dhAraNa karatI hai| jisa prakAra zarIra mRtyu ke uparAnta bhUta meM mila jAtA hai, ThIka usI prakAra AtmA bhI bhUta meM vilIna ho jAtI hai| cArvAka ne kahA bhI hai-zarIra ke bhasma hone ke uparAnta AtmA kahA~ se AyegI?63 (3) gautama buddha ke AtmA sambandhI vicAra - buddha ne zAzvata AtmA meM vizvAsa usI prakAra hAsyAspada kahA hai, jisa prakAra kalpita sundara nArI ke prati anurAga rakhanA hAsyAspada hai| buddha ke matAnusAra AtmA anitya hai| yaha asthAyI zarIra aura mana kA saMkalana mAtra hai| viliyama jemsa kI taraha buddha ne bhI AtmA ko vijJAna kA pravAha mAnA hai| buddha ke AtmA-sambandhI vicAra upaniSad ke AtmA-vicAra ke pratikUla haiN| upaniSad darzana meM zAzvata AtmA ko satya mAnA gayA hai, parantu buddha ne isake viparIta anitya AtmA kI satyatA pramANita kI hai| isake atirikta buddha ne dRzyajIva kI satyatA svIkAra kI hai, jabaki upaniSada meM dRzyAtIta AtmA ko satya mAnA gayA hai| hyUma ke AtmA sambandhI vicAra meM buddha ke AtmA-vicAra kI pratidhvani sunAI par3atI hai| hyUma ne kahA hai - "jahA~ taka merA sambandha hai, maiM to jaba apanI isa AtmA ko dekhane ke lie isakA gaharA vizleSaNa karatA hU~, taba kisI na kisI vizeSa saMvedanA yA vijJAna se hI TakarAkara raha jAtA hU~ jo saMvedanA yA vijJAna, garmI yA sardI, prakAza yA chAyA, prema yA ghRNA, duHkha yA sukha Adi ke hote haiN| kisI bhI samaya mujhe kisI saMvedanA se bhinna AtmA kI prApti nahIM hotI aura na kabhI maiM saMvedanA ke atirikta kucha aura dekha pAtA huuN|'

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 95 (4) kundakunda ke anusAra AtmA kA svarUpa jisa sattA ko anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM sAdhAraNatayA AtmA kahA gayA hai, usI ko kundakunda ne 'jIva' kI saMjJA dI hai| vastutaH jIva aura AtmA eka hI sattA ke do bhinna-bhinna nAma haiN| cetanA jIva kA lakSaNa hai| samasta sukha-duHkha kI pratIti isI cetanA se hotI hai| AcArya kundakunda ne jIva ke sarvAMgINa svarUpa ko isa prakAra likhA hai - . jIvotti havadi cedA uvaoga visesidA pahU kttaa| bhottA ya deha bhettI Nahi bhutto kamma sNjtto|165 jIva caitanya svarUpa hai, vaha jAnane-dekhanerUpa upayogavAlA hai, prabhu hai, kartA hai, bhoktA hai, apane zarIra ke barAbara hai tathA yaha mUrtika nahIM hai, phira bhI karma saMyukta hai| (5) pUjya kAnajI svAmI ke anusAra AtmA kA svarUpa pUjya kAnajI svAmI ne jagata kI samasta AtmAoM ko bhagavAna kA darjA dekara,svabhAva se sabhI jIvoM ko bhagavAna AtmA kahA hai| unake anusAra jo jIva apanI AtmA ke svarUpa ko nahIM jAnate ve jIva svabhAva se to bhagavAna haiM kintu prApta paryAya meM tanmayatA ke kAraNa apane jJAyaka svarUpa se anabhijJa hai| kAnajI svAmI apane pravacanoM meM aise jIvoM ko 'bhUlelA bhagavAna' kahakara sambodhita karate the| kAnajI svAmI ke anusAra AtmA sarvazakti sampanna, prabhU, nitya, ajanmA,eka evaM anAdi tattva hai| (6) maharSi gautama ke AtmA sambandhI vicAra gautama ke matAnusAra AtmA eka dravya hai| sukha-duHkha, rAga-dveSa, icchA, prayatna aura jJAna AtmA ke guNa haiN| dharma aura adharma bhI AtmA ke guNa haiM aura zubha-azubha karmoM se utpanna hote haiN| gautama AtmA ko acetana svIkArate haiN| AtmA meM cetanA kA saMcAra eka vizeSa paristhiti meM hotA hai| cetanA kA udaya AtmA meM tabhI hotA hai, jaba AtmA kA samparka mana ke sAtha tathA mana kA indriyoM ke sAtha samparka hotA hai tathA indriyoM kA bAhya jagata ke sAtha samparka hotA hai| yadi AtmA kA aisA samparka na ho to AtmA meM caitanya kA AvirbhAva nahIM ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra caitanya. AtmA kA Agantuka guNa hai| (7) kaNAda ke AtmA sambandhI vicAra . kaNAda ne AtmA usa sattA ko kahA hai, jo caitanya kA AdhAra hai| isIlie kahA gayA hai ki AtmA vaha dravya hai, jo jJAna kA AdhAra hai|

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96 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA vastutaH kaNAda ne do AtmAoM ko mAnA hai - jIvAtmA evaM paramAtmA jIvAtmA kI cetanA sImita hai, jabaki paramAtmA kI cetanA asImita hai| jIvAtmA aneka haiM, jabaki paramAtmA eka hai| kaNAda ne AtmA ko amara mAnA hai| yaha anAdi aura ananta hai| (8) maharSi kapila ke anusAra AtmA maharSi kapila ne puruSa ko AtmA aura prakRti ko anAtmA mAnA hai| AtmA ko dRSTA aura prakRti dRzya evaM AtmA ko jJAtA aura prakRti ko jJeya mAnA hai| unhoMne AtmA ko sattva, rajas, tamas se zUnya mAnA hai| jabaki prakRti ko sattva, rajas aura tamas se alaMkRta mAnA hai| isalie puruSa ko triguNAtIta aura prakRti ko triguNamayI kahA gayA hai| - kapila ne puruSa ko zuddha caitanya mAnA hai| caitanya AtmA meM sarvadA nivAsa karatA hai| AtmA ko jAgRta avasthA, svapnAvasthA yA suSuptAvasthA meM se kisI bhI avasthA meM mAnA jAe, usameM caitanya vartamAna rahatA hai| isalie caitanya ko AtmA kA guNa nahIM, balki svabhAva mAnA gayA hai| AtmA prakAzarUpa hai, vaha svayaM tathA saMsAra ke anya vastuoM ko prakAzita karatI hai| (7) zaMkara ke anusAra AtmA zaMkara AtmA ko brahma kahate haiN| AtmA hI ekamAtra satya hai| AtmA kI satyatA pAramArthika hai| zeSa sabhI vastue~ vyAvahArika satyatA kA hI dAvA kara sakatI haiN| caitanya AtmA kA svarUpa mAnA gayA hai| zaMkara ne AtmA ko nitya, zuddha aura nirAkAra mAnA hai| AtmA yathArthataH bhoktA aura kartA nahIM hai| vaha upAdhiyoM ke kAraNa hI bhoktA aura kartA dikhAI par3atA hai| zuddha caitanya hone ke kAraNa AtmA kA svarUpa jJAnAtmaka hai| vaha svayaM prakAza hai tathA vibhinna viSayoM ko prakAzita karatA hai| zaMkara AtmA aura brahma ke aikya ko 'tattvamasi' se puSTi karate haiN| (10) rAmAnuja ke AtmA sambandhI vicAra rAmAnuja ke darzana meM jIvAtmA brahma kA aMga hai| brahma meM tIna cIjeM nihita haiM - cita, acita aura Izvara / brahma meM nihita cita hI jIvAtmA hai| jIvAtmA zarIra 'mana' indriyoM se bhinna hai| jIvAtmA Izvara para Azrita hai| Izvara jIvAtmA kA saMcAlaka hai| jIvAtmA saMsAra ke bhinna-bhinna viSayoM kA jJAna prApta karatA hai, isalie vaha jJAtA hai| jIvAtmA rAmAnuja ke matAnusAra tIna prakAra ke hote haiM..- (1) baddhajIva (2) mukta jIva aura (3) nitya jiiv| aise jIva jinakA sAMsArika jIvana abhI samApta nahIM huA hai, baddha jIva

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 97 kahA jAtA hai| ye jIva mokSa ke lie prayatnazIla rahate haiM / aise jIva jo saba lokoM meM apanI icchAnusAra vicaraNa karate haiM, mukta jIva kahalAte haiM / nitya jIva ve haiM, jo saMsAra meM kabhI nahIM Ate haiM, inakA jJAna kabhI kSINa nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra uparyukta sabhI vidvAnoM ne apane-apane darzanoM ke anusAra AtmA ko svIkAra kara AtmA ko paribhASita kiyA hai| nizcaya hI binA AtmA kI svIkRti ke mokSa honA sambhava nahIM, ataH zAzvata sukha kI icchA rakhanevAle jIva ko, AtmA ko jAnakara mana ko vaza meM karanA cAhie, tabhI mokSa - - sukha ko prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| 4. adhyAtma kA mahattva AtmA kA traikAlika svabhAva jJAnAnanda hai / usa jJAnAnanda svabhAva ko jAnane, mAnane aura anubhava karane kA nAma hI dharma hai| isase hI saccA sukha yA nirAkulatArUpa sukha prApta hotA hai| saMsAra - bhramaNa se chuTakArA tabhI milatA hai, jaba jIva AtmA kA jJAna, zraddhAna aura AcaraNa karatA hai / AcArya samantabhadra bhI pratijJA karate hue kahate haiM ki dezayAmi samIcInaM dharmaM karmanivarhaNam / saMsAraduHkhataH sattvAn yo dharatyuttame sukhe / / -- -- arthAt eka dharma hI hai, jo hameM saMsAra ke duHkhoM se chur3Akara uttama sukha meM sthApita karatA hai| vartamAna meM jahA~ sampUrNa vizva viSaya-vAsanAoM se AkrAnta hai, hara jagaha azAnti kA bolabAlA hai / ApasI vaimanasya kI bar3hatI cingArI meM eka adhyAtma hI logoM ko zAnti dilA sakatA hai| adhyAtma kA mahattva yahI hai ki sabhI jIva saMsAra mArga se haTakara mokSamArga meM lage sabhI apane svatattva ko pahacAna kara atIndriya sukha ko prApta kareM / viparIta jJAna evaM mithyAjJAna, jo mAnava ko saMsAra meM Asakta karatA hai, kA niHzeSIkaraNa AdhyAtmika tattvajJAna ke dvArA hI ho sakatA hai| isake atirikta adhyAtma zAstra AtmajJAna kI jyoti prajvalita kara, ajJAna ke gAr3ha andhakAra meM mAnava kA patha pradarzana karate haiM 'kiM karma kimakarmeti kavayo'pyatra mohitAH' isa gItokti ke anusAra jaba vidvAna bhI karma aura akarma ke sahI svarUpa ko nahIM jAna pAte, taba adhyAtma zAstroM ke adhyayana manana se utpanna honevAlA viveka hI hameM hamAre karaNIya kA upadeza detA hai| anya sAMsArika upAyoM kI upayogitA kA sambandha kevala dharma, artha

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98- kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA aura kAma se hai arthAt inameM se kisI ke dvArA kevala dharma, artha yA kAma kI prApti ho sakatI hai| aisA bhI ho sakatA hai ki kisI mahAna laukika upAya ke dvArA ina tInoM kI prApti ho jAe; parantu parama puruSArtharUpa caturtha varga arthAt mokSa kI prApti kevala AdhyAtmika tattvajJAna se hI ho sakatI hai - Rte jJAnAnna muktiH / vAstava meM, manuSya ke antaHkapATa ko udghATita karake hRdaya meM Atmatattva ke darzana karAnevAlI vidyA adhyAtma vidyA hI hai, kintu isa prayojana kI siddhi kevala kisI dhArmika grantha ko par3ha lene yA raTa lene mAtra se hI nahIM ho sktii| isake lie sAdhaka ko atyanta kar3I sAdhanA karanI hotI hai| pro. harendra prasAda sinhA ne likhA hai ki 'jaba hama bhAratIya darzana kI ora dRSTipAta karate haiM, taba use adhyAtmavAda ke raMga meM raMgA pAte haiN| bhAratIya darzana meM AdhyAtmika jJAna ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai| yahA~ kA dArzanika satya ke saiddhAntika vivecana se hI santuSTa nahIM hotA, balki vaha satya kI anubhUti para jora detA hai| AdhyAtmika jJAna tArkika jJAna se ucca hai| tArkika jJAna meM jJAtA aura jJeya kA dvaita vidyamAna rahatA hai, jabaki AdhyAtmika jJAna meM vaha dvaita miTa jAtA hai| AdhyAtmika jJAna nizcita evaM saMzayahIna hai|' niSkarSataH mokSa kI prApti AtmA ke dvArA mAnI gayI hai| prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ne AtmA kA anuzIlana kiyA hai aura AtmA ke svarUpa kI vyAkhyA inake adhyAtmavAda kA sabUta hai| bhAratIya darzana ko AtmA kI parama mahattA pradAna karane ke kAraNa hI adhyAtma vidyA bhI kahA jAtA hai| (guru stuti) __ dhani dhani te muni giri vnvaasii| kaur3I lAla pAsa nahiM jAke,jina chedI aasaapaasii| Atama-Atama, para-ghara jAnai, dvAdaza tIna prakRti naasii|| jA duHkha dekha duHkhI saba jagadai, so duHkha lakha sukha vai taasii| jAkoM saba jaga sukha mAnata hai, so sukha jAnyo duHkhraasii|| vAhaja bheSa kahata antara guNa, satya madhura hitamita bhaasii| dyAnata te zivapaMtha pathika haiM, pAMva parata pAtaka jaasii|

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 99 (kha) dyAnatarAya ke kAvya meM adhyAtma dyAnatarAya AdhyAtmika koTi ke sukavi the| unhoMne jinadeva, jinaguru, jinazAstra aura jinadharma se prabhAvita hokara kAvya kI racanA kii| kavivara dyAnatarAya ne apane sAhitya meM dArzanika, dhArmika evaM naitika vicAroM ko abhivyakta kiyA hai| mUlataH dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM jainadharma kA svara pratidhvanita hotA . hai| yadyapi unakA sAhitya dhArmikatA se otaprota hai, phira bhI usameM sAhityika sauSThava darzanIya hai| vaise bhI kisI dhArmika racanA kA sAhitya hone ke sAtha virodha nahIM hai; isalie AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedIjI jaise manISI vidvAna samasta dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika sAhitya ko kAvya kI sImA meM svIkAra karate hue nirdeza dete haiM - dhArmika preraNA yA AdhyAtmika upadeza honA kAvyatva kA bAdhaka nahIM samajhA jAnA cAhie / dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM jainadharmAnuprANita vicAra nimna haiM - (1) dyAnatarAya ke AtmA-paramAtmA para vicAra- saMsAra ke dharmoM meM dharma kI vyAkhyA apane-apane dRSTikoNa se kI gaI hai, kintu jainadharma meM kahA hai - 'vatthu sahAvo dhammo' arthAt vastu kA svabhAva hI dharma hai| jaise agni kA svabhAva jalAnA, pAnI kA svabhAva zItalatA, AkAza dravya. kA svabhAva avagAhanA denA, dharma dravya kA calane meM va adharma dravya kA Thaharane meM nimitta honA, kAla dravya kA vartanA meM nimitta honA aura pudagala dravya kA svabhAva sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa hai| isI prakAra Atmadravya kA svabhAva jAnanA aura dekhanA hai| isa AtmA ke bAre meM prAyaH vizva ke sabhI dharmoM ne jyAdA kucha nahIM khaa| adhikatara dharma to isakI vyAkhyA ke bAre meM mauna haiN| ve Izvara kI eka kRti ko hI AtmA kahate haiN| kacha vastuoM ke saMyoga se eka cetanA zakti utpanna ho jAtI hai, usI ko AtmA kahate haiM, jo kucha samaya bAda naSTa ho jAtI hai| kucha adRzya sarvazaktimAna AtmA hai, use Izvara kahate haiN| vahI jagata kA kartA-dhartA hai va sabhI AtmAoM (prANiyoM) meM usI kI sattA svIkAra karate haiM aura jaba prANI mara jAtA hai to vaha AtmA usI meM vilIna ho jAtA hai|

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100 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA dyAnatarAya ne AtmA ko aneka upamAnoM se darzAyA hai| jaisA ki unhoMne eka pada meM kahA hai - Atama rUpa anupama hai ghaTa mAhiM viraajai| jAke sumarana jApa so, bhava-bhava duHkha bhAjai ho|| AtmA ko jAnane meM hI sAra kI bAta kahate hue dyAnatarAya kahate haiM ki binA AtmA ke jAne duHkha kA abhAva nahIM hogA aura jaba taka rAga-dveSa vibhAva bhAvoM kA abhAva nahIM hogA, taba taka sukha kI prApti sambhava nahIM hai| __ ve apane AdhyAtmika padoM ke mAdhyama se saMsArIjanoM ko sambodhita karate hue kahate haiM - Atama anubhava karanA re bhaaii|| (Teka) jaba lauM bheda jJAna nahiM upajai, janama marana duHkha bharanA re|| bhaaii|| Atama par3ha nava tattva bakhAne, vrata tapa saMjama dharanA re| Atama-jJAna binA nahiM kAraja, jotI-saMkaTa paranA re|| sakala grantha dIpaka haiM bhAI, mithyA tamake haranA re| kahA karaiM te aMdha puruSa ko, jinheM upajanA maranA re| dyAnata je bhavi sukha cAhata haiM, tinako yaha anusaranA re| so'haM ye do akSara japakai, bhava jala pAra utaranA re|| 68 AtmA ke svarUpa ke bAre meM batAte hue dyAnatarAyajI kahate haiM ki - aba hama Atama ko pahacAnA jii|| ttek||| jaisA siddhakSetra meM rAjata, taisA ghaTa meM jAnA jii| dehAdika paradravya na mere, merA cetana bAnA jii| dyAnata jo jAnai so syAnA, nahiM jAne so divAnA jI / / .. AtmajJAna nahIM karane vAloM ko evaM bAhyADambaroM meM pha~sane vAle paNDitoM, vidvAnoM ko phaTakArate hue kavivara dyAnatarAya kahate haiM ki - jo teM Atama hita nahIM kiinaa|| rAmA rAmA dhana dhana kAjai nara bhava phala nahIM liinaa|| jo|| japa tapa kari kai loka rijhAye prabhutA ke rasa bhiinaa| aMtaragati paranamana (na) sodhe ekau garaja sriinaa|| baiThi sabhA meM bahu upadeze Apa bhae paravInA /

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 101 , mamatA DorI torI nAhIM uttama tai bhae hiinaa|| dyAnata mana vaca kAya lagAkai jina anubhau citdiinaa| anubhau dhArA dhyAna vicArA maMdara kalasa navInA / / kavivara dyAnatarAya ne jainokta matAnusAra hI AtmA ko vyakta kiyA hai| jaisA ki vRhada dravyasaMgraha meM AtmA kA svarUpa isa prakAra batAyA hai| tikkAle cadupANA iMdiyabalamAuANapANo y| vavahArA so jIvo NicchayaNayado du cedaNA jss|| 3 / / " bhAvArtha - tIna kAla meM indriya, bala, Ayu aura AnapAna ina cAroM prANoM ko jo dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha vyavahAra naya se jIva hai| nizcayanaya se jisake cetanA hai, vahI jIva hai|| 3 / / dyAnatarAya ne bhI eka savaiye meM yahI kahA hai| cetanA sahita jIva tihu~kAla rAjata hai| gyAna darasana bhAva sadA jasa lhie| rUpa rasa gaMdha phAsa pudgala kau vilAsa / mUratIka rUpI vinAsIka jar3a kahiye / / yAhI anusAra paradarva ko mamatta ddaari| apano sabhAva dhAri Apa mAhiM rahiekarie yahI ilAja jAteM hota Apa kaaj| rAga doSa moha bhAvako samAna dhie||2 _jaina matAnusAra AtmA ko siddha ke samAna zuddha svIkArA gayA hai arthAt jisa prakAra kA AtmA arahanta aura siddhoM meM sthita hai, usI prakAra kA AtmA saMsArI prANiyoM meM hai; kintu bheda karmoM kI upasthiti kA par3a jAtA hai| jaisA ki kahA gayA hai bina deha avinAzI, atIndriya, zuddha nirmala siddha jyoN| lokAgra meM jaise virAjeM, jIva haiM bhavalIna tyoN|| artha-jisa prakAra lokAgra meM siddha bhagavanta azarIrI, avinAzI, atIndriya, nirmala aura vizuddha AtmA haiM, usI prakAra saMsAra meM saba jIva jaannaa| usI prakAra samayasAra kI gAthA 49 meM bhI kahA hai - vyavahAra naya se haiM kahe saba jIva ke hI bhAva ye| haiM zuddha naya se jIva saba bhavalIna siddha svabhAva se / /

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102 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA arthAt jIva ke jo bhAva kahe gaye haiM- ve vyavahAranaya kA Azraya karake saMsArI jIvoM meM vidyamAna kahe gaye haiN| zuddhanaya se saMsAra meM rahanevAle sarva jIva siddha svabhAvI haiN| tattvasAra bhASA meM AtmA ke bAre meM dyAnatarAya ne isaprakAra kahA hai - Atama tattva kahyau gaNadhAra, svapara bhedateM doi prkaar| apanau jIva svatattva bakhAni, para arahaMta Adi jiya jaani|| 3113 arthAt AtmA do prakAra kA hai - (1) svatattva aura (2) paratattva / (1) svatattva arthAt sva kA aatmaa| (2) paratattva arthAt arahaMta Adi kA aatmaa| dyAnatarAya ke paramAtmA sambandhI vicAra- jaina matAnusAra AtmA ke tIna bheda haiM - (1) bahirAtmA (2) antarAtmA aura (3) prmaatmaa| jaisA ki paNDita daulatarAmajI kahate haiM - bahirAtama, antara Atama. paramAtama, jIva tridhA hai; deha jIva ko eka gine bahirAtama tattvamudhA hai| uttama madhyama jaghana trividha ke antara AtamajJAnI, dvividha saMga bina zudha upayogI muni uttama nijdhyaanii| (1) bahirAtmA- jo zarIra aura AtmA ko eka mAnate haiM, unheM bahirAtmA kahate haiN| (2) antarAtmA- jo zarIra aura AtmA ko apane bhedavijJAna se bhinna-bhinna mAnate haiM, ve antarAtmA arthAt samyagdRSTi haiN| usa antarAtmA ke tIna bheda haiM - uttama, madhyama aura jaghanya / unameM antaraMga tathA bahiraMga donoM prakAra ke parigraha se rahita sAtaveM se lekara bArahaveM guNasthAna taka vartate hue zuddha upayogI AtmadhyAnI digambara muni uttama antarAtmA kahalAte haiN| madhyama, jaghanya antarAtmA tathA sakala paramAtmA kA svarUpa madhyama antara-Atama haiM jo dezavratI angaarii| jaghana kahe avirata samadRSTi tInoM zivamaga caarii| sakala nikala paramAtama dvaividha tina meM ghAti nivaarii| zrI arihanta sakala paramAtama lokAloka nihaarii|| 5 115

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 103 jo nizcaya samyagdarzanAdi sahita haiM; tIna kaSAyarahita, zuddhopayogarUpa munidharma ko aMgIkAra karake antaraMga meM to usa zuddhopayoga dvArA svayaM apanA anubhava karate haiM, kisI ko iSTa-aniSTa mAnakara rAga-dveSa nahIM karate, hiMsAdirUpa azubhopayoga kA to astittva hI jinake nahIM rahA hai- aisI antaraMgadazA sahita bAhya digambara saumya mudrAdhArI hue haiM aura chaThaveM pramattasaMyata guNasthAna ke samaya aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM kA akhaNDarUpa se pAlana karate haiN| ve tathA jo anantAnubandhI evaM apratyAkhyAnIya aise do kaSAya ke abhAva sahita samyagdRSTi zrAvaka haiM, ve madhyama antarAtmA haiM arthAta chaThaveM aura pA~caveM guNasthAnavI jIva madhyama antarAtmA haiM aura vratarahita samyagdRSTi jIva jaghanya antarAtmA kahalAte haiN| paramAtmA kA svarUpa- jo paramapada meM sthita haiM, ve paramAtmA haiN| ye paramAtmA sakala aura nikala ke bheda se do prakAra ke hote haiN| (1) sakala. paramAtmA- cAra ghAti karmoM ko nAza karane vAle loka tathA aloka ko jAnane-dekhane vAle arahanta parameSThI zarIra sahita sakala paramAtmA kahalAte haiN| (2) nikala paramAtmA- jo ATha karmoM se rahita lokAgra meM sthita haiM tathA jinake parama audArika zarIra kA bhI abhAva ho gayA hai, ve siddha parameSThI zarIra rahita hone se nikala paramAtmA haiN| jaisA ki daulatarAma jI ne likhA hai - jJAnazarIrI trividha karmarUpa varjita siddha mhntaa| . te haiM nikala amala paramAtama bhogaiM zarma anntaa|178 isa prakAra jaina matAnusAra dyAnatarAya ne paramAtmA ke donoM hI rUpoM sakala aura nikala paramAtmA kA varNana kiyA hai| dyAnatarAya ne paramAtmA ko antaryAmI, tIna loka ke jJAtA, tIna loka kA svAmI Adi mAnA hai| jaisA ki devapUjA meM unhoMne likhA hai - bahu tRSA satAyo, ati duHkha pAyo, tuma pai Ayo jala laayo| uttama gaMgAjala, zuci ati zItala, prAsuka nirmala guna gaayo| prabhu antarajAmI, tribhuvananAmI, sabake svAmI, doSa hro| yA araja sunIjai DhIla na kIjai, nyAya karIjai dayA kro|" . usI prakAra deva kA svarUpa batAte hue dyAnatarAya devapUjA kI jayamAlA meM isa prakAra likhate haiM -

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104 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA guNa ananta ko kaha sake, chiyAlIsa jinraay| - pragaTa suguna ginatI kahU~, tuma hI hohu shaay|| . . eka jJAna kevala jina svAmI, do Agama adhyAtama naamii| tIna kAla vidhi paragaTa jAnI, cAra ananta catuSTaya jnyaanii|| paMca parAvartana parakAsI, chahoM daraba guna parajaya bhaasii| saptabhaMga vAnI parakAzaka, AThoM karma mahAripu nAzaka / / isI prakAra deva-zAstra-guru pUjana kI jayamAlA meM arahaMta evaM siddha kA svarUpa isa prakAra likhA hai - cau karma su vesaTha prakRti nAzi, jIte aSTAdaza dossraashi| je parama suguNa haiM ananta dhIra, kahivata ke chayAlisa guNa gaMbhIra / / zubha samavazaraNa zobhA apAra, zata indra namata kara sIsa dhaar| . devAdhideva arahanta deva, vandauM mana-vaca-tana kara susev|| isa prakAra dyAnatarAya ne apane kAvya meM arahanta paramAtmA ke aThAraha doSoM kA varNana kiyA hai, jo nimna haiM - (1) kSudhA, (2) tRSA, (3) vRddhapanA, (4) AtaMka arthAt zarIra sambandhI vyAdhi, (5) janma arthAt karma ke vaza se caturgati meM utpatti, (6) antaka arthAt mRtyu, (7) bhaya arthAt ihaloka kA bhaya, paraloka bhaya, maraNabhaya, vedanAbhaya, arakSAbhaya, aguptibhaya, akasmAtbhaya-aise sAta prakAra ke bhaya, (8) smaya arthAt garva, (7) rAga, (10) dveSa, (11) moha, (12) zabda se cintA, (13) rati, (14) nidrA, (15) vismaya arthAt Azcarya, (16) viSAda arthAt zoka, (17) sveda arthAt pasInA, (18) kheda arthAt vyaakultaa| . dyAnatarAya ne apane kAvya meM paramAtmA ko vItarAgI, sarvajJa evaM hitopadezI mAnakara varNana kiyA hai| unhoMne arahanta paramAtmA ke svarUpa meM kahA hai ki arahanta cAra ghAtikarmoM se rahita haiN| aThAraha doSoM se rahita haiM tathA chayAlIsa guNoM se sahita haiN| samavasaraNa kI zobhA se sahita haiM tathA jinakI dhvani oMkAramayI hai| (2) dyAnatarAya ke jagata sambandhI vicAra - vizva, loka, jagata - ye tInoM jagata ke paryAya zabda haiN| vibhinna darzanoM meM jagata ke vibhinna svarUpa batAye gaye haiN| jainadarzana meM chaha dravyoM ke samUha ko vizva kahA gayA

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA . 105 hai| ve chaha dravya jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza evaM kAla haiN| ina chahoM dravyoM kA saMyoga hI vizva kahalAtA hai| carAcara jagata ina chahoM dravyoM kA hI pratirUpa hai| isa jagata kI banAvaTa U~cAI, lambAI Adi kA karaNAnuyoga garbhita adhyayana kavi dyAnatarAyajI kI 'caracAzataka' meM milatA hai| kavi dyAnatarAya ne Urdhva, madhya, adholoka ke prakAra se tIna loka batAye haiM evaM tInoM lokoM ko hI jagata yA saMsAra kahate haiN| tIna loka kA svarUpa batAte hae ve likhate haiM - pUraba pazcima sAta narka talai rAjU sAta, Agai dharA madhyaloka rAjU eka rahA hai, U~caiM bar3hi gayA brahmaloka rAjU pA~ca bhayA, Agai ghaTA aMta eka rAjU saradahA hai| dacchina uttara Adi madhya aMta rAjU sAta U~cA caudaha rAjU SaT dravya bharA lahA hai| . asaMkhyAta paradeza mUratIka kiyo. bhesa, karai dharai harai kauna svayaM siddha kahA hai||70 ... arthAt sAtaveM naraka ke nIce (jahA~ ki trasa jIva nahIM haiM - nigodiyA jIva bhare haiM) isa loka kI caur3AI pUrva se pazcima taka sAta rAjU hai| usase Upara krama se ghaTatA gayA hai, so madhyaloka meM sudarzana meru kI jar3a meM kevala eka rAjU caur3A raha gayA hai| Age phira vistAra ho gayA hai, so brahma svarga ke anta meM pA~ca rAjU hokara phira ghaTane lagA hai aura anta meM siddhAlaya ke Upara phira eka rAjU raha gayA hai| yaha jagata kI pUrva se lekara pazcima taka caur3AI batalAI gaI hai| aba uttara-dakSiNa kI moTAI batalAte haiN| Adi, madhya aura anta meM saba jagaha arthAt mUla se lekara loka zikhara ke anta taka sarvatra sAta rAjU moTAI hai aura U~cAI Adi se anta taka kI caudaha rAjU hai| isa loka meM jIva, ajIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ye chahoM dravya bhare hue haiN| usake asaMkhyAta pradeza haiN| isako na koI banAtA hai, na koI dhAraNa karatA hai aura na koI saMhAra karatA hai| (ka) saMsAra kI asAratA- kavi dyAnatarAya ne bhI kabIra, sUradAsa Adi bhakta kaviyoM kI taraha saMsAra ko kSaNabhaMgura evaM asAra batAyA hai| . jaisA ki unhoMne eka pada meM likhA hai -

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106 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA prAnI ye saMsAra asAra hai, garva na kara mana mAhiM / / Teka // / je je upaje bhUmi pai, jama so chUTe nAhiM | | prAnI || indra mahAjodhA balI, jItyo rAvaNa rAya / lakSmaNa ne rAvaNa hatyo, jama gayo lakSmaNa khAya / / prAnI / / kaMsa jarAsindha sUramA, mAre kRSNa gupAla / tAko jarahakumAra ne, mAryo so UkAla / / prAnI / / 1 isI taraha eka pada meM saMsAra ke jhUThepana kA varNana karate hue dyAnatarAya ne puNya-pApa donoM ko saMsAra kA kAraNa batAyA hai aura saMsAra se virakti kI bhAvanA ko vyakta kiyA hai - hama na kisI ke koI na hamArA, jhUThA hai jaga kA vyavahArA / / Teka / / tana sambandhI saba parivArA, so tana hamane jAnA nyArA / / puNya udaya sukha kA bar3havArA, pApa udaya dukha hota apaaraa| puNya-pApa doU saMsArA, maiM saba dekhana jAnanahArA / / maiM tihu~ jaga tihu~ kAla akelA, parasaMyoga bhayA bahumelA / thiti pUrI kara khira - khira jAhIM, mere harSa - zoka kachu nAhIM / rAgabhAva te sajjana mAne, dveSabhAva te durjana jAne / rAga-dveSa doU mama nAhIM dyAnata maiM cetana pada mAhIM / / 82 * isI prakAra ke bhAva nimna pada meM bhI dyAnatarAya ne vyakta kiye haiMmithyA yaha saMsAra hai re, jhUThA yaha saMsAra hai re / / jo dehI vaha rasa sauM poSai, so nahiM saMga calai re, aurana kauM tohi kauna bharosau nAhaka moha karai re / / mithyA / / sukha kI bAtaiM bUjhai nAhiM, dukha kauM sukha lekhai re / mUDhau mAhIM mAtA Dolai, sAdhau nAla Darai re / / mithyA / / jhUTha kamAtA jhUThI khAtA, jhUThI jApa japai re / saccA sA~IM sUjhai nAhiM, kyau kara pAra lagai re / / mithyA / / jama sauM DaratA phUlA phiratA karatA maiM maiM maire / dyAnata syAnA soI jAnA, jo japa dhyAna dharai re / / mithyA / | 3 duniyA ko matalabI batAte hue dyAnatarAya likhate haiM duniyA matalaba kI garajI aba mohe jAna pdd'ii| harA, vRkSa pe paMchI baiThA raTatA nAma harI / -

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 107 prAta bhaye paMchI ur3a cale jaga kI rIti khrii|| 1 / / jaba laga baila vahe baniyA ko taba laga cAha dhnii| thakaiM baila ko koI na pUchai phiratA glii-glii||2|| satta bA~dha satI uTha cAlI moha ke phaMda pdd'ii| dyAnata kahe prabhU nahIM sumo murdA saMga jlii|| 3 / / " saMsAra ko jhUThA batAte hue kahate haiM - jhUThA supanA yaha sNsaar| dIsata hai vinasata hI hau vaar|| merA ghara saba taiM sirdaar| rahai na sakai pala eka mNjhaar|| jhuutthaa|| . mere dhana sampatti atisAra / chA~Di calai lAgai na avaar|| jhuutthaa|| indrI viSai diSai phala dhaar| mIThe lagaiM aMta khykaar|| jhuutthaa|| merI deha kAma unhaar| so tana bhayau chinaka meM chaar|| jhUThA / / jananI tAta bhrAtA suta naari| svAratha vinA karata hai dhaar|| jhuutthaa|| bhAI satru hauhiM anivaar| satru bhai bhAI bahu pyAra || jhuutthaa|| dyAnata sumarana bhajana adhAra | Agi lage kachu lehu nikAra / / jhuutthaa||85 (3) dyAnatarAya ke karma siddhAnta sambandhI vicAra - ___jaina siddhAnta meM karma ATha prakAra ke mAne gaye haiM, jinake uttara bheda 148 haiM, jo nimna prakAra haiM -(1) jJAnAvaraNa karma (2) darzanAvaraNa karma (3) vedanIya karma (4) mohanIya karma (5) Ayukarma (6) nAmakarma (7) gotrakarma tathA (8) antarAya karma / kula jor3a uttara bhedoM kA yoga 148 nimna hai - (1) jJAnAvaraNa karma 5 prakAra ke hote haiM, jo nimna prakAra haiM - 1. matijJAnAvaraNa - jisake dvArA matijJAna DhakA jaave| 2. zrutajJAnAvaraNa - jisake dvArA zrutajJAna DhakA jAve / 3. avadhijJAnAvaraNa - jo avadhijJAna ko Dhake (AvaraNa kre)| 4. manaHparyayajJAnAvaraNa - jo manaHparyayajJAna kA AvaraNa kre| 5. kevalajJAnAvaraNa - jo kevalajJAna ko AvaraNa kre| (2) darzanAvaraNa - yaha 9 prakAra kA hai, jo jIva ke darzana ko AvaraNa karatA hai - 1. cakSudarzanAvaraNa- yaha cakSuoM se darzana nahIM hone detaa| 2. acakSudarzanAvaraNa- jo cakSu ke alAvA anya indriyoM se darzana nahIM hone detaa|

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108 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 3. avadhiM darzanAvaraNa- avadhidarzana dvArA darzana nahIM hone detaa| 4: kevala darzanAvaraNa- jo kevaladarzana kA AvaraNa kre| 5. styAnagRddhidarzanAvaraNa- jo nidrA meM apanA prakAza kare arthAt jisake udaya hone para yaha jIva nIMda meM hI bahuta parAkrama kA kArya kare, parantu bhAna nahIM rahe ki kyA kiyaa| _-_6. nidrA-nidrA darzanAvaraNa karma- jisake dvArA nidrA kI punaH punaH pravRtti ho arthAt jisase A~khoM kI palaka bhI nahIM ughAr3a ske| 7. pracalA-pracalA darzanAvaraNa karma- jo karma ke udaya se jIva ko bAra-bAra sulaave| 8. pracalA darzanAvaraNa- jisa nidrA meM kucha kArya kare, jisako yAda bhI kre| . 9. nidrA darzanAvaraNa- jisake udaya meM mada-kheda Adi dUra karane ke lie kevala sonA ho| (3) vedanIya karma- iSTAniSTa bAhya viSayoM kA yA bhogoM kA saMyoga-viyoga karanevAlA vedanIya karma hai| yaha do prakAra kA hai - . 1. sAtAvedanIya karma- jo udaya meM Akara jIva ko devagati Adi meM zArIrika va mAnasika sukhoM kA anubhava karAve, sAtA kA bhoga kraave| 2. asAtAvedanIya karma- jisake udaya kA phala aneka prakAra ke narakAdika gati janya duHkhoM ke bhoga kA anubhava hai| (4) mohanIya karma- ye do prakAra ke hote haiM - 1. darzana mohanIya- jo darzana dvArA mohita kre-tthge| 2. cAritra mohanIya- jo cAritra ko mohita kre-tthge| ... (5) Ayu karma- Ayu karma cAra prakAra kA haiM - 1. tiryaMca Ayu- jo AtmA ko tiryaMca zarIra meM prApta kare yA roke| 2. manuSya Ayu- jo AtmA ko manuSya zarIra meM prApta kare yA roke| 3. deva Ayu- jo AtmA ko deva Ayu ke zarIra meM prApta kare yA roke| 4. naraka Ayu- jo AtmA ko nArakI zarIra meM prApta kare yA roke| .... (6) nAmakarma- nAmakarma ke 93 bheda haiM, jo nimnalikhita haiM 1. gati nAmakarma - 4

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 109 narakagati nAmakarma, tiryaMcagati nAmakarma, manuSyagati nAmakarma, devagati nAmakarma 2. jAti nAmakarma - 5 ekendriyajAti nAmakarma, do indriyajAti nAmakarma, tIna indriyajAti nAmakarma, caturendriyajAti nAmakarma, paMcendriyajAti nAmakarma 3. zarIra nAmakarma - 5 audArika zarIra nAmakarma, vaikriyika zarIra nAmakarma, AhAraka zarIra nAmakarma, taijasa zarIra nAmakarma, kArmANa zarIraM nAmakarma 4. bandhana nAmakarma - 5 audArika zarIra bandhana nAmakarma, vaikriyika zarIra bandhana nAmakarma, AhAraka zarIra bandhana nAmakarma, taijasa zarIra bandhana nAmakarma, kArmANa zarIra bandhana nAmakarma 5. saMghAta nAmakarma - 5 audArika saMghAta nAmakarma, vaikriyika saMghAta nAmakarma, AhAraka saMghAta nAmakarma, taijasa saMghAta nAmakarma, kArmANa saMghAta nAmakarma 6. saMsthAna nAmakarma - 6 samacaturasra saMsthAna, nyagrodhaparimaNDala saMsthAna, svAti saMsthAna, kubjaka saMsthAna, bAmana saMsthAna, huMDaka saMsthAna 7. AMgopAMga nAmakarma - 3 audArika AMgopAMga, vaikriyika AMgopAMga, AhAraka AMgopAMga 8. saMhanana nAmakarma - 6 vajavRSabhanArAca saMhanana, vajanArAca saMhanana, nArAca saMhanana ardhanArAca saMhanana, kIlita saMhanana, asaMprAptA sRpATikA saMhanana 9. varNa nAmakarma - 5 kRSNavarNa nAmakarma, nIlavarNa nAmakarma, pItavarNa nAmakarma, raktavarNa nAmakarma, zvetavarNa nAmakarma 10. gandha nAmakarma - 2 1. surabhigandha nAmakarma 2. asurabhigaMdha nAmakarma

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110 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 11. rasa nAmakarma - 5 1. nAmakarma 2. kaDuvA nAmakarma 3. kasailA nAmakarma 4. Amla nAmakarma 5. madhura nAmakarma 12. sparza nAmakarma - 8 1 karkaza sparza nAmakarma 2 mRdu sparza nAmakarma 3 guru sparza nAmakarma 4 laghu sparza nAmakarma 5 zIta sparza nAmakarma 6 uSNa sparza nAmakarma 7 snigdha sparza nAmakarma 8 rUkSa sparza nAmakarma 13. AnupUrvI nAmakarma - 4 1 narakagati prAyogyAnupUrvI nAmakarma 2 tiryaMcagati prAyogyAnupUrvI nAmakarma 3 manuSyagati prAyogyAnupUrvI nAmakarma 4 devagati prAyogyAnupUrvI nAmakarma zeSaagurulaghu nAmakarma, upaghAta nAmakarma, ucchavAsa nAmakarma, Atapa nAmakarma, ughota nAmakarma, vihAyogati nAmakarma, trasa nAmakarma, bAdara nAmakarma, paryApti nAmakarma, pratyeka zarIra nAmakarma, sthira nAmakarma, zubha nAmakarma, subhaga nAmakarma, susvara nAmakarma, tIrthaMkara nAmakarma, sthAvara nAmakarma, sUkSma nAmakarma, aparyApti nAmakarma, sAdhAraNa nAmakarma, asthira nAmakarma, azubha nAmakarma, durbhaga nAmakarma, duHsvara nAmakarma, anAdeya nAmakarma, ayazaHkIrti nAmakarma / (7) gotra nAmakarma - 2 1. uccagotra- jisake udaya se pUjita (mAnya) kula meM janma ho| 2. nIcagotra-jisake udaya se loka nindita kula meM janma ho| (8) antarAya karma- yaha pA~ca prakAra kA hai - 1. dAnAMtarAya- jisake udaya se dAna denA cAhe, kintu de nahIM ske| 2. lAbhAMtarAya- jisake udaya se lAbha kI icchA kare, para lAbha na ho| 3. bhogAMtarAya- jisake udaya se puSpAdika yA annAdika bhoga kI vastue~ bhoganA cAhe, kintu bhoga na ske| ___4. upabhogAMtarAya- jisake udaya se strI vagairaha upabhogya vastu kA upabhoga na ho ske| 5. vIryAntarAya- jisake udaya se apanI zakti (bala) prakaTa karanA cAhe, kintu pragaTa na ho ske| antarAya karma kA varNana karate hue dyAnatarAyajI likhate haiM ki - deva pai parayau hai para rUpako na gyAna hoya, jaise darabAna bhU-dekhanau nivArai hai|

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 111 sahata lapeTI asidhArA sukhdukhkaar| madirA jyau jIvana kau mohinI bidhArai hai| kAThamai diyau hai pA~va karai ghiti kau subhAva citrakAra nAnA nAma cItakai samArai hai| cakrI U~ca nIca dharai, bhUpa dIyau manai karai eI ATha karma harai soI hamaiM tArai hai|| artha-deva kI mUrti para yadi kapar3A par3A huA ho to jisa taraha usakA jJAna nahIM hotA hai-usakA rUpa nahIM dikhatA hai, usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNI karma kA paradA par3ane se AtmA kA jJAna guNa DhaMka jAtA hai| jisa taraha. darabAna arthAt paharedAra rAjA kA darzana nahIM karane detA hai, usI prakAra darzanAvaraNI karma AtmA ke darzanagaNa kA darzana nahIM hone detA hai| jisa taraha zahada meM lipaTI huI talavAra kI dhAra cATane se mIThI lagatI hai aura sAtha hI jIbha ko kATa DAlatI hai, usI prakAra se vedanIya karma AtmA ko sukhI, duHkhI karatA hai| yaha karma AtmA ke avyAbAdha guNa kA ghAta karatA hai| jisa taraha zarAba jIvoM para mohanIya kA arthAt behozI kA (bAbalepana kA) vistAra karatI hai, usI prakAra se mohanIyakarma AtmA ko mohita kara DAlatA hai| isa karma ke saMyoga se jIva para padArthoM meM iSTa tathA aniSTa kI kalpanA karatA hai aura tadrUpa AcaraNa karatA hai arthAt isase jIva ko samyaktva aura cAritraguNa kA ghAta hotA hai| jisa taraha cora kA paira kATha meM dene se vaha kATha usakI sthiti karatA hai-usako kahIM hilane-calane nahIM detA, usI prakAra se Ayukarma jIva kI bhava-bhava meM sthiti karatA hai| ___ jaba taka eka zarIra kI Ayu pUrI nahIM ho jAtI hai, taba taka jIva dUsare zarIra meM nahIM jA sakatA hai| isase avagAha guNa kA ghAta hotA hai| jisa prakAra citrakAra nAnA prakAra ke citra banAkara unake judA-judA nAma rakhatA hai, usI prakAra se nAmakarma ekendriyAdi nAmavAle zarIra banAtA hai| yaha karma AtmA ke sUkSmatva guNa kA ghAta karatA hai| jisa prakAra kumhAra U~ce-nIce arthAt choTe-bar3e bartana banAtA hai, usI prakAra se gotra karma U~ce-nIce kula meM jIva ko utpanna karatA hai aura jisa prakAra bhaNDArI rAjA ko dAna karane se rokatA hai, usI prakAra antarAyakarma dAna, lAbha, bhoga

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112 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA aura upabhoga meM rukAvaTa karatA hai| ina AThoM karmoM kA jinhoMne haraNa kiyA hai, ve hI hamako tArane meM samartha haiN| uparyukta 148 karma prakRtiyoM kA varNana kavi dyAnatarAya ne isa prakAra kiyA hai - gyAnAvaranI pA~ca, darsanAvaranI nau vidh| doya vedanI jAna, mohinI ATha bIsa nidh|| Ava cAra parakAra, nAma kI prakRti tirAnau / tathA eka sau tIna, gota do bheda pramAnau / / kahi antarAya kI pA~ca saba, sau ar3atAlisa jaanie| imi ATha karama ar3atAlisauM, bhinna rUpa nija maanie|| 88 karmoM kI 148 prakRtiyA~ kauna-kauna se guNasthAna meM kSaya (naSTa) hotI haiM, usake bAre meM kavi dyAnatarAya likhate haiM - sAta prakRti kau ghAta, ThIka sAtama gunnthaanai| ... tIni Ava nahiM hoya, navama chattIsauM bhAnai / / dasamaiM lobha vidAra, bArahaiM sola mittaavai| caudahamaiM ke anta, bahattara tera khipAvai / / imi tora karama ar3atAla sau, mukati mAhiM sukha karata haiN| prabhu hamahiM bulAvau Apa DhiMga, hamai pA~yani parata haiN| artha- yaha jIva anantAnubandhI krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha aura mithyAtva, mizramithyAtva aura samyakprakRti - ina sAta prakRtiyoM kA kSaya cauthe se sAtaveM apragata guNasthAna taka karatA hai arthAt kSAyika samyagdRSTi jIva ke ina sAta prakRtiyoM kI sattA sAtaveM guNasthAna se Age nahIM rhtii| apramatta guNasthAna ke do bheda hote haiM - eka svasthAna apramatta aura dUsarA sAtizaya apramatta / sAtizaya apramatta vaha kahalAtA hai, jo zreNI car3hane ke sanmukha hotA hai| isa mokSagAmI jIva ke narakAyu, tiryaMcAyu aura devAyu kI sattA nahIM hotI hai| navaveM guNasthAna meM 36 prakRtiyoM kA kSaya karatA hai, dasaveM meM sUkSmalobha ko naSTa karatA hai, bArahaveM guNasthAna meM jJAnAvaraNI kI 5, darzanAvaraNI kI 6 aura antarAya kI 5-isa taraha saba milAkara 16 prakRtiyoM kA kSaya karatA hai| caudahaveM guNasthAna ke anta meM jaba do samaya raha jAte haiM taba pahale samaya meM 72 aura dUsare samaya meM 13 prakRtiyoM ko khipAtA hai| isa

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 113 taraha saba milAkara 148 karmoM ke jAla ko tor3akara jIva mukta ho jAtA hai aura vahA~ ananta sukhoM ko bhogatA hai| ' he prabhu! maiM Apake pairoM meM par3atA hU~, Apa mujhe apane samIpa bulA leveM arthAt apane samAna mujhe bhI karmoM se rahita kara deveN| ___ AThoM karmoM kA nAza kara paramapada siddhapada pAne ke lie kavi dyAnatarAya apane eka pada meM likhate haiM - maiM nija Atama kaba dhyaauuNgaa|| ttek|| rAgAdika parinAma tyAgakai, samatAsau lau lAU~gA / / maiM / / mana-vaca-kAya joga thira karakai, jJAna samAdhi lgaauuNgaa| kaba hau kSipaka zreNi car3hi dhyAU~, cArita moha nshaauuNgaa|| maiM / / cAroM karama ghAtiyA khana kari, paramAtma pada paauuNgaa| jJAna daraza sukha bala bhaNDArA, cAra aghAti nshaauuNgaa|| maiM / / parama niraMjana siddha zuddhapada paramAnaMda khaauuNgaa| 'dyAnata' yaha sampatti jaba pAU~, bahuri na jaga meM jaauuNgaa|| maiM / 188 ... isa prakAra dyAnatarAyajI ne jainokta karma evaM karma prakRtiyoM kA varNana rocaka DhaMga se kiyA hai| yadyapi karma evaM karma prakRtiyoM kA viSaya kaThina haiM, kintu unakI padya racanA se karmoM kA svarUpa sarala aura sugama ho gayA hai| (4) dyAnatarAya ke mokSa sambandhI vicAra - mokSa ke svarUpa ke bAre meM AcArya umAsvAmI likhate haiM - . 'bandhahetvabhAva-nirjarAbhyAM kRtsnakarma vipramokSo mokSaH / arthAt AtmA kA karmabandhana se pUrNataH mukta ho jAnA hI mokSa hai| yaha bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai- dravyamokSa aura bhAva mokSa / AtmA ke jo zuddhabhAva karmabandhana se mukta hone meM hetu hote haiM, ve bhAva hI bhAvamokSa hai aura AtmA kA dravyakarmoM se mukta ho jAnA dravyamokSa hai aura AtmA kA siddhAlaya meM jAkara siddha dazA pAnA hI mokSa hai| vaha mokSa ananta Ananda svarUpa evaM nirAkula sukharUpa hai, jise indriyoM se anubhava nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| usa atIndriya Ananda ke bAre meM paNDita ToDaramalajI likhate haiM - 'svarga viSai sukha hai, tini" ananta guNA~ mokSa virSe sukha hai| so isa

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114 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA guNakAra viSai svarga-mokSa-sukha kI eka jAti jAne hai| tahA~ svarga viSai to viSayAdi sAmagrIjanita sukha ho, tAki jAti yAkauM bhAse hai, ara mokSa viSai-viSayAdi sAmagrI hai nAhIM, so vahA~ kA sukha kI jAti yAkauM bhAsai tau nAhIM, parantu svarga taiM bhI mokSa kauM uttama, mahApuruSa kahai haiM, tAtaiM yahu bhI uttama hI mAnai hai| jaise koU gAna kA svarUpa na pahicAnai, parantu sarva sabhA kai sarAhaiM, tAtaiM Apa bhI sarAha hai / taise yahu mokSa kauM uttama mAne hai | kavivara banArasIdAsajI likhate haiM ki - * 91 thiti pUrana kari jo karama, khirai baMdhapada bhAni / hasa asa ujjvala ko, mokSa tattva so jAni / / mokSasukha ko batAte hue kavi dyAnatarAya likhate haiM ki karai karama kI nirajarA, bhava pIMjarA vinAzi | ajara amara pada ko lahai, dyAnata sukha kI rAzi / / 92 --- arthAt jo vyakti karmoM kI nirjarA kara bhavarUpI piMjar3e kA nAza karatA hai, vaha ajara-amara pada ko arthAt mokSa sukha ko prApta karatA hai / dyAnatarAya bhI anya bhAratIya darzanoM kI taraha mokSa ko jIvana kA carama lakSya mAnate haiN| mokSa bandhana kA pratiloma hai; jIva aura pudgala kA saMyoga bandha hai; isalie isake viparIta jIva kA pudgala se viyoga hI mokSa hai / dyAnatarAya ke anusAra mokSAvasthA meM jIva kA pudgala se pRthakkaraNa ho jAtA hai| ve kahate haiM ki bandhana kA kAraNa pudgala ke kaNoM kA jIva kI ora pravAhita honA hai| isalie mokSa kI prApti taba taka nahIM ho sakatI, jaba taka naye pudgala ke kaNoM ko AtmA kI ora pravAhita hone se rokA na jAe; parantu sirpha naye pudgala ke kaNoM ko AtmA kI ora pravAhita hone se rokanA hI mokSa ke lie paryApta nahIM hai / jIva meM kucha pudgala ke kaNa apanA ghara banA cuke haiN| ataH aise pudgala ke kaNoM kA unmUlana bhI paramAvazyaka hai / naye pudgala ke kaNoM ko jIva kI ora pravAhita hone se rokanA saMvara kahA jAtA hai| purAne pudgala ke kaNoM kA kSaya 'nirjarA' kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra AgAmI pudgala ke kaNoM ko rokakara tathA sacitta pudgala ke kaNoM ko naSTa kara jIva karma - pudgala se chuTakArA pA jAtA hai| karma pudgala se mukta ho jAne para jIva vastutaH mukta ho jAtA hai /

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 115 dyAnatarAya kahate haiM ki jo uparyukta vidhipUrvaka karmoM kA nAza karake siddha bana jAtA hai, vaha punaH saMsAra meM nahIM AtA hai| jaisA ki - parama niraMjana siddha zuddha pada, paramAnanda khaauuNgaa| dyAnata yaha sampatti jaba pAU~, bahuri na jaga meM aauuNgaa||93 dyAnatarAya ke anusAra bandhana kA mUla kAraNa krodha, mAna, lobha aura mAyA hai| ina kupravRttiyoM kA kAraNa ajJAna hai| ajJAna kA nAza jJAna se hI sambhava hai| isalie jainadarzana meM mokSa ke liye samyagjJAna ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| samyagjJAna kI prApti patha-pradarzaka guru ke prati zraddhA aura vizvAsa se hI sambhava hai| samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna ko apanAne se hI mokSa kI prApti nahIM ho sktii| isake lie mAnava ko apanI vAsanA, indriya aura mana ko saMyata karanA paramAvazyaka hai| isI ko samyagcAritra kahate haiN| samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra kA varNana karate hue ve likhate haiM ki - samyak darazana jJAna vrata, ziva-maga-tInoM myii| pAra utArana yAna, dyAnata pUjo vrata sahita / / 94 arthAt mokSAnubhUti ke lie samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra tInoM ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| mokSa kI prApti na sirpha samyagjJAna se sambhava hai aura na sirpha samyagdarzana se sambhava hai aura na hI sirpha samyakcAritra hI mokSa ke lie paryApta hai| mokSa kI prApti tInoM ke sammilita sahayoga se hI sambhava hai| AcArya umAsvAmI ke ye kathana isake pramANa haiM - samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritrANi mokSamArgaH 195 samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra ko triratna ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA jAtA hai| yahI mokSa kA mArga hai| bhArata ke adhikAMza darzanoM meM mokSa ke lie ina tIna mArgoM meM se kisI eka ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| kucha darzanoM meM mokSa ke lie sirpha samyagjJAna ko paryApta mAnA gayA hai| kucha anya darzanoM meM mokSa ke lie sirpha samyagdarzana ko hI mAnA gayA hai| bhArata meM kucha aise bhI darzana haiM, jahA~ mokSamArga ke rUpa meM samyakcAritra ko apanAyA gayA hai| jainadarzana kI yaha khUbI rahI hai ki usane tInoM ekAMkI mArgoM kA samanvaya kiyA hai| isa dRSTikoNa se jainamata kA mokSamArga advitIya kahA jA sakatA hai| sAdhAraNataH trimArga kI mahattA ko pramANita

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116 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA karane ke lie rogagrasta vyakti kI upamA kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai| eka roga grasta vyakti ko jo roga se mukta honA cAhatA hai, cikitsaka ke prati AsthA rakhanI cAhie, usake dvArA dI gayI davAoM kA jJAna honA cAhie aura cikitsaka ke matAnusAra AcaraNa bhI karanA caahie| isa prakAra saphalatA (mokSa) ke lie samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kA sammilita prayoga Avazyaka hai| aba, tInoM kI vyAkhyA eka-eka kara apekSita hai - (1) samyagdarzana- sAta tattvoM ke prati zraddhA kI bhAvanA ko rakhanA 'samyagdarzana' kahA jAtA hai| jaisA ki dyAnatarAya ne likhA hai - . Apa Apa nihacai lakhai, tattva prIti vyohAra / rahita doSa paccIsa haiM, sahita aSTa guna sAra / / 96 (2) samyagjJAna- tattvoM kA yathArthajJAna samyagjJAna kahalAtA hai| jIva aura ajIva ke antara ko na samajhane ke phalasvarUpa bandhana kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai, jise rokane ke lie jJAna Avazyaka hai| samyagjJAna ke svarUpa ko batAte hue dyAnatarAya likhate haiM ki - paMca bheda jAke pragaTa, zeya-prakAzanamAna / moha-tapana-hara-candramA, soI samyagjJAna / / " (3) samyakcAritra- samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAnapUrvaka kiyA jAnevAlA sadAcaraNa samyakcAritra kahalAtA hai| dyAnatarAya samyakcAritra kI mahimA gAte hue kahate haiM ki - samyakcAritra ratana sa~bhAlau, pA~ca pApa taji ke vrata paalau| paMca samiti traya gupati gahIjai, nara bhava saphala karahu tana chIjai / / 88 isa prakAra dyAnatarAyajI ne apane kAvya ke mAdhyama se samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kI ekatA ko mokSamArga batalAkara kahA ki mokSa ke lie ina tInoM kI parama AvazyakatA hai| (5) dyAnatarAya ke kAvya meM manuSya janma kI durlabhatA para vicAra - manuSya bhava ko sabhI darzanoM ne durlabha batAyA hai| daulatarAmajI ne manuSya janma kI durlabhatA para apane vicAra isa prakAra die haiM - durlabha lahi jyoM ciMtAmaNi, tyo paryAya lahI trstnnii| laTa pipIla ali Adi zarIra, dhara-dhara-maryo sahI bahu pIra /

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 117 arthAt jisa prakAra cintAmaNi ratna bar3I kaThinAI se prApta hotA hai, usI prakAra isa jIva ne trasa kI paryAya bar3I kaThinatA se prApta kI; usa trasa paryAya meM bhI laTa (illI) Adi do indriya jIva, cIMTI Adi tIna indriya jIva aura bha~varA Adi cAra indriya jIva ke zarIra dhAraNa karake marA aura aneka duHkha sahana kiye| isI taraha ke vicAra daulatarAmajI ne tIsarI DhAla meM bhI vyakta kiye haiMdaula 'samajha' suna ceta sayAne, kAla vRthA mata khovai| yaha narabhava phira milana kaThina hai, jo samyak nahiM hovai||100 manuSyabhava ko durlabha batAte hue dharmadhAraNa karane ko prerita karate hue kavi dyAnatarAya kahate haiM ki - re jiya narabhava pAyA, kula jAti vimala tU aayaa| jo jainadharma nahiM dhArA, saba lAbha viSayasaMga haaraa|| lakhi bAta hRdaya gaha lIje, jinakathita dharma nita kiije| bhava duHkha sAgara ko tariye, sukha se nava kA jyoM briye| le sudhi na viSaya rasa bhariyA, bhrama moha ne mohita kriyaa|| vidhi ne jaba daI ghumariyA, taba naraka bhUmi te priyaa| aba nara kara dharma agAU, jaba loM dhana yauvana cAU / / jaba lo nahiM roga satAvai, tohi kAla na Avana na pAvai / 101 ___ uparyukta pada meM dyAnatarAya jI kahate haiM ki manuSya bhava cintAmaNi ratna ke samAna durlabha hai| jisa prakAra andhe ke hAtha baTera laga jAye, kintu vaha use vyartha hI ga~vA detA hai| kabhI yaha jIva narakagati meM to kabhI tiryaMca gati meM, to kabhI svarga meM jAtA hai| isa saMsAra meM ghUmatA huA durlabhatA se narabhava pAtA hai| manuSya bhava prApta kara vyartha ga~vAnA usI prakAra hai, jaise amRta milane para use pA~va dhone meM prayoga krnaa| dyAnatarAyajI anta meM upadeza dete haiM ki yadi tuma bhavasAgara se pAra honA cAhate ho to viSaya-kaSAya ko chor3a do| isI se sambandhita bhAvoM ko nimna pada meM bhI darzAyA hai| rAga-soraTha gyAna binA sukha pAyA re bhaaii| bhau dasa AThau zvAsa sAsa maiM, sAdhArana lapaTAyA re|| bhaaii|| kAla ananta yahA~ tohi bIte, jaba bhaI maMda kaSAyA re|| "

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118 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA taba tU nikasi nigoda siMdhu taiM, thAvara hoya na sArA re / / bhAI / / krama krama nikasi bhayau vikalatrai, jo dukha jAta na gAyA re / / bhUkha pyAsa paravasa sahI pazugati bAra aneka vikAyA re / / bhAI / / naraka mAhi chedana bhedana bahu putarI agani jalAyA re sIta tapata duragadha roga duHkha jAnai zrI jinarAyA re || bhAI || bhramata bhramata saMsAra mahAvana kabahu~ deva kahAyA re / / lakhi para vibhava, sahayau dukha bhArI, marana samai vilalAyA re / / bhAI || pApa naraka pazu puNya suraga vasi, kAla ananta gamAyA re / / pApa puNya jaba bhae barAbara taba kahu~ nara bhau jAyA re / / bhAI / / nIca bhayau phiri garabha paDyau, phiri janamata kAla satAyA re / / taruna panau tU dharama na cetau tana dhana suta lau lAyA re || bhAI / / daraba liMga dhari-dhari mari-mari tU phiri phira jaga bhaja AyA re / dyAnata saradhA ju gahi munivrata amara hoya taji kAyA re / / bhAI / / 102 manuSya janma hone ke samaya ke duHkhoM kA varNana karate hue dyAnatarAyajI likhate haiM. - kahA dekhi garavAnA re bhAI / / gahi ananta bhavataiM dukha pAyo, so nahi jAta bakhAnA re || bhAI || mAtA rudhira pitA ko vIraja, tAtai tU upajAnA re / / garabhavAsa nau mAsa sahe dukha, tala sira pAu ucAnA re / / bhAI / / mAsa AhAra vigala mukha nigalyau so tU asana gahAnA re / / jatI tAra sunAra nikAlai, so dukha janama sahAnA re || bhAI || ATha pahara tana - mala-bhala dhauyau, pokhyauM raiMna vihAnA re / / so zarIra tere saMga calyau nahiM, khina maiM khAka samAnA re || bhAI || janamata nArI bAMTata jovana samaratha darava nasAnA re / / so suta tU apanau kari jAnai, anta jalAvai prANa re || bhAI || dekhata citta gilAya haraiM dhana maithuna prANa palAnA re / / so nArI terI hai kaise mUye preta pravAnAM re || bhAI / / pA~ca cora tere andara baiThe / tai pAnA mitrAnA re / / khAi jIva dhana gyAna laTakai, doSa tere sira ThAnA re / / bhAI / /

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 119 deva dharama guru ratana amolaka kara antara saradhAnA re|| dyAnata brahma jJAna anubhau kari, jo cAhai kalyAnA re|| bhaaii|| 103 jinendra kA nAma smaraNa nahIM karane va viSaya kaSAyoM meM lage rahane para saMsArI jIva ko phaTakAra lagAte hue dyAnatarAya kahate haiM - rAga soraThA jina nAma samuri mana bAvare, kahA dUta uta bhttke| viSaya pragaTa viSa bela hai inameM mata attke| duralabha narabhava pAya ke nagaso mata bhaTakai / phira pIche pachatAegA, avasara jaba saTakai / / nija / / * eka ghar3I hai saphala jau prabhu guNa rasa gttke| koTi varaSa jIvo vRthA jo thothA phaTakai / / nija / / dyAnata uttama bhajana hai kIjai mana raTakai / bhava-bhava ke pAtaka sabai jaihe to kttke|| nija / |104 isa prakAra dyAnatarAyajI ne apane AdhyAtmika padoM ke dvArA saMsArI prANiyoM ko manuSya bhava kI mahattA batAkara yena-kena prakAreNa apanI AtmA ko jAnakara rAga-dveSa-moha bhAvoM kA abhAva para nara se nArAyaNa banane kA mArga batAyA hai| 6. dyAnatarAya ke rAga-dveSa-moha tathA kaSAya kI bAdhakatA para vicAra - tInoM loka ke jIva rAga-dveSa-moha bhAvoM ke kAraNa hI vibhAva bhAvarUpa pariNamana kara duHkhI rahate haiN| rAga-dveSa-moha bhAva jIva ke zuddhasvarUpa ke nikaTa nahIM Ane dete| ye rAga-dveSa-moha pariNAma bhAva duHkhadAyI haiM, duHkhasvarUpa haiN| jaisA ki kahA hai ki - AtmA ko rAga-dveSa aura madAdi jo kucha vikAra haiM, vibhAva pariNamana haiM, ve saba meghajanya sUrya ke vikAroM kI taraha karmajanita haiM / 105 * dyAnatarAya ne bhI rAga-dveSa-moha bhAvoM para apane vicAra isa prakAra prakaTa kiye haiM - rAga-vihAgaDI jAnata kyoM nahiM re, he nara Atama jnyaanii| rAga dveSa pudgala kI saMgati, nihacai zuddha nishaanii|| jaant|| jAya naraka pazu nara sura gati meM, ye parajAya viraanii|| / siddha svarUpa sadA avinAzI, jAnata viralA praanii|| jaant||

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120. kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA kiyo na kAhU harai na koI, guru zikha kauna khaanii|| janama-marana mala rahita amala hai, kIca binA jyoM paanii|| jaant|| sAra padAratha hai tihu~ jaga meM, nahiM krodhI nahiM maanii|| dyAnata sau ghaTa mAhiM virAjai, lakha dUjai shivthaanii|| jaant| 108 rAga-dveSa ko jagata meM bandha karAne vAlA batAte hue dyAnatarAyajI likhate haiM ki - aba hama amara bhaye na mreNge|| ttek|| tana kArana mithyAta diyo taja, kyoM kari deha dhreNge| upajai marai kAla te prAnI, tAteM kAla hreNge| . rAga dveSa jagabandha karata haiM, inako nAza kreNge| deha vinAzI maiM avinAzI bhedajJAna ka haiNge| nAsI jAsI hama thira vAsI, cokhe ho nikhreNge|| mare anantabAra bina samajhe, aba sukha dukha visreNge| dyAnata nipaTa nikaTa ho akSara, bina sumare sumreNge|| 107 rAga-dveSa donoM ko jIva ke svabhAva se pRthak batAte hue ve likhate haiM ki. rAga bhAva te sajjana mAne, dveSabhAva teM durjana jaane| rAgadveSa doU mama nAhIM, dyAnata maiM cetana pada maahiiN| tattvasAra meM ziSya dvArA pUche jAne para ki yaha jIva para samayarata hotA huA kyA-kyA karatA hai? isa prazna ke uttara svarUpa nimna pada likhate haiM - dekha so cetana nahIM, cetana dekhau naahiN| . rAga doSa kihisauM karau, hauM maiM smtaamaahiN|| 36 || 108 arthAt mUr3ha bahirAtmA ajJAnI puruSa nitya sarvakAla rAta-dina kisI aniSTa pratIta honevAle paradravya meM ruSTa hotA hai arthAt dveSa karatA hai aura kisI iSTa pratIta honevAle paradravya meM santuSTa hotA hai arthAt prasanna hokara rAga karatA hai| ___ dyAnatarAyajI ne rAga-dveSa ko pudgala kA batAkara use cetana se bhinna batAyA hai| jaisA ki ve likhate haiM - jAnata kyoM nahiM re, he nara aatmjnyaanii||ttek|| rAgadvoSa pudgala kI saMgAta, nihacai shuddhnishaanii|| jaant||

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 121 jAya naraga pazu nara sura gati meM, ye parajAya viraanii| siddha-svarUpa sadA avinAzI, jAnata viralA praanii| kiyo na kAhU harai na koI, guru zikha kauna khaanii| janama-marana-malarahita amala hai, kIca binA jyoM paanii|| sAra padAratha hai tihu~ jagameM, nahiM krodhI nahiM maanii| dyAnata so ghaTamAhiM virAjai, lakha dUjai shivdhaanii|| jAnata / / 100 jaba nizcaya zuddha AtmA ke darzana ho jAte haiM to rAga-dveSa-moha bhAva naSTa ho jAte haiN| usa samaya akhaNDa Atmajyoti kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| phalasvarUpa atIndriya Ananda kI dhArA pravAhita ho jAtI hai| indrI bhAvoM ko dyAnatarAyajI ne isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai| aba hama Atama ko phicaanyau|| ttek|| . . jaba hI setI moha subhaTa bala, chinaka eka meM maanyau|| aba / / . rAga virodha vibhAva bhaje jhara, mamatA bhava plaanyau| darasana jJAna carana meM, cetana bheda rahita prvaanyau|| aba / / jihi dekhai hama aura na dekhyo, dekhyo so srdhaanyau| tAkau kaho kahaiM kaisai kari, jA jAne jima jaanyau|| aba / / pUraba bhAva supanavat dekhe, apano anubhava taanyau| / dyAnata tA anubhava svAdata hI, janama saphala kari maanyau|| aba / |10 zuddhabhAva kA Azraya lekara apane nija prabhu paramAtmA ko prApta karane ko prerita karate hue ve likhate haiM ki - zuddha AtamA nihAri rAga-doSa moha ttaari| krodha mAna baMka gAri lobha bhAva bhaanre| pApapunya kau vihAri, saddhabhAva ko sNbhaari| marmabhAva kauM visAri, parmabhAva Anure / / ... carmadRSTi tAhi jAri suddhaddaSTikauM psaari| .:. de hane ha kauM nivAri setadhyAna ThAnu re / . . . jAgi jAgi saina chAri bhavya mokha kauM vihAra, .. eka vArake kahe hajAra vAra jAnu re / 1111 ..... zuddhAtmA ke anubhava meM rAga-dveSa-moha ke sAtha-sAtha kaSAyeM bhI bAdhaka haiN| kaSAya arthAt jo AtmA ko kase arthAt duHkha de, use kaSAya kahate haiN|

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122 . . kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA kaSAya ke cAra bheda haiM - (1) krodha, (2) mAna (3) mAyA (4) lobha / isake avAntara bheda 25 haiM, jo nimna haiM - (1) anantAnubandhI krodha (2) apratyAkhyAna krodha (3) pratyAkhyAna krodha (4) saMjvalana krodha (5) anantAnubandhI mAna (6) apratyAkhyAna mAna (7) pratyAkhyAna mAna (8) saMjvalana mAna (9) anantAnubandhI mAyA (10) apratyAkhyAna mAyA (11) pratyAkhyAna mAyA (12) saMjvalana mAyA (13) anantAnubandhI lobha (14) apratyAkhyAna lobha (15) pratyAkhyAna lobha (16) saMjvalana lobha (17) hAsya (18) rati (19) arati (20) zoka (21) bhaya (22) jugupsA (23) strIveda (24) puruSaveda (25) napuMsakaveda uparyukta kaSAya bhAvoM se hI jIva apane zuddhAtmA ko prApta nahIM kara pAtA hai| inhIM kaSAyoM ko AtmAnubhava meM bAdhaka batAte hue dyAnatarAyajI likhate haiM - tU to samajha samajha re bhaaii| nizadina viSaya bhoga lipaTAtA dharama vacana nA suhaaii| kara manakA le Asana mAMDyo bAhira loka rijhaaii| kahA bhayo vaka dhyAna dhare taiM jo mana thira nA rhaaii|| mAsa mAsa upavAsa kiye tai kAyA bahuta sukhaaii| krodha mAna chala lobha na jItyo kAraja kauna sraaii| mana vaca kAya joga thira karake tyAgo viSaya kssaaii| dyAnata svarga mokSa sukhadAI sat guru sIkha btaaii||112 dyAnatarAya AtmA ko krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha se pRthak batAte hue likhate haiM - krodha mAna mAyA nahiM lobha, lesyA salya jahA~ nahiM sobha / - janma jarA mRtudhau nahiM lesa, so maiM suddha niraMjana bhes|| 1911/13 arthAt jisake na krodha hai, na mAna hai, na mAyA hai, na lobha hai, na zalya hai na koI lezyA hai aura na janma, na jarA aura maraNa bhI hai; vahI niraMjana maiM kahA gayA huuN| . subodhapaMcAsikA meM krodha kaSAya ko tyAgane kI bAta batAte hue kahate haiM ki -

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 123 krodha lobha viSayana tajo, suna bhAI re| .. koTi kaTe adhajAla, cetana suna bhAI re|1114 kaSAyabhAvoM ke abhAvapUrvaka hI sukha kI prApti hotI hai| isako batAte hue kahate haiM ki - rAga roSa saMkalpa hai, naya ke bheda viklp| roSa bhAva miTa jAya jaba, taba sukha hoya analpa / / 28 ||115 (7) dyAnatarAya ke ajJAna ke abhAva ke viSaya meM vicAra . jainadarzana meM jJAna ko samyak vizeSaNa se vibhUSita kara paribhASita kiyA hai ki jo vastusvarUpa ko paripUrNa jAnatA hai, kama nahIM jAnatA hai, adhika nahIM jaantaa| jaisA vastu kA yathArtha satyasvarUpa hai, vaisA hI jAnatA hai, viparItatA rahita jAnatA hai, saMzaya rahita jAnatA hai, use samyagjJAna kahate haiM tathA jo vastusvarUpa ko yathAvat nahIM jAnatA, use ajJAna kahA gayA hai| usa ajJAna ko jainadarzana meM mithyAjJAna kahA gayA hai| usa mithyAjJAna ko mithyAtva bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha jIva anAdikAla se hI mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna aura mithyAcAritra ke kAraNa dukhI hai| ina tInoM ke kAraNa cAra gati, caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karate hue janma-maraNa kA duHkha bhoga rahA hai| mithyAdarzanAdi vikArI bhAvoM ke kAraNa vividha saMyogoM ke bIca meM rahate hue bhI ise Aja taka sukha prApta nahIM huaa| ye ajJAna bhAva anAdikAla se cale A rahe hone ke kAraNa agrahIta mithyAtva kahalAte haiN| _inake atirikta inhIM ko puSTa karanevAle anekAneka bAhya kAraNoM meM apanI ajJAnatA se svayaM ulajhakara yA anya ke mAdhyama se ulajhakara yaha jIva ananta duHkha bhoga rahA hai| inheM nayA grahaNa karane ke kAraNa ye gRhIta mithyAtva kahalAte haiN| isa jIva ke ananta duHkhoM ke ekamAtra kAraNabhUta ina vikArIbhAvoM ke sambandha meM chahaDhAlAkAra dUsarI DhAla meM isa prakAra likhate haiM - aise mithyAdRga-jJAna-carNa vaza, bhramata bharata duHkha jnmmrnn| tAtaiM inako tajie sujAna, suna tina saMkSepa kahU~ bakhAna / / 110 - isa prakAra yaha jIva apane hI ajJAna bhAva-mithyAdarzana -jJAna-cAritrarUpa ajJAnatA ke kAraNa duHkhI hai tathA isa ajJAnatA ko

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124 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA samUla naSTa kara samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritrarUpa niraparAdhI dazA pragaTakara sukhI ho sakatA hai| . . sacce deva-zAstra-guru kA vAstavika svarUpa samajhakara unheM hI yathArtha deva-zAstra-guru mAnane se tathA anya rAgAdi sahita rAgAdipoSaka kinhIM ko bhI sacce deva-zAstra-guru nahIM mAnane se gRhIta mithyAdarzana naSTa hotA hai| isI satya zraddhAnapUrvaka rAgAdipoSaka zAstroM ko sat zAstra nahIM jAnane, rAgAdi sampanna deva-guru ko saccA deva-guru nahIM jAnane se gRhIta mithyAjJAna naSTa hotA hai tathA prazaMsA Adi ke lobha se, pUjA-pratiSThA Adi prApta karane kI bhAvanA se mUr3hatAmaya bAhyAcaraNa kA pAlana nahIM karane se evaM AtmA-anAtmA kA viveka jAgRta kara samyak AcaraNa karane se ajJAna naSTa ho jAtA hai| jIvAdi prayojanabhUta tattvoM kA yathArtha jJAna zraddhAna kara AtmAnubhava karane se agRhIta mithyAdarzana-jJAnacAritrarUpa ajJAna naSTa ho jAtA hai| ajJAnatA kA kAraNa mithyAtva dyAnatarAyajI ne apane padoM meM jagaha-jagaha ajJAna kA abhAva kara zuddhatattva dekhane kA upadeza diyA hai aura unhoMne ajJAna ke kAraNa jIva kI mAnyatA kA varNana upadezazataka meM isa prakAra kiyA hai - . . mithyAdRSTI jIva, ApakauM rAgI maane| mithyAdRSTI jIva, ApakauM doSI jaanai|| mithyAdRSTI jIva, ApakauM rogI dekhai| mithyAdRSTI jIva, Apakau bhogI pekhai / / jo mithyAdRSTI jIva, so zuddhAtama nAhIM lhaiN| soI jJAtA jo ApakauM, jaisA kA taisA ghaiN|| 106 || ajJAna ke kAraNa jIva kI avasthAoM kA varNana kara zuddhAtmA ko aMgIkAra karane kI preraNA dete hue kahA hai ki - bahirAtama ke bhAva taji, aMtara Atama hoy| paramAtama dhyAvai sadA, paramAtama so hoya / / 117 arthAt bahirAtmA ke bhAva ko chor3akara antarAtmA banane kI koziza karanA cAhie aura paramAtmA ko dhyAne se hI paramAtmA bana sakate haiN| ajJAna kA abhAva kara jJAna prApti karanA hI zreyaskara hai, jJAna prApti se samasta duHkhoM kA abhAva hokara jIva pUrNa sukhI banatA hai| dyAnatarAyajI ne bhI ajJAna ko miTAkara jJAna prakaTAne kA mArgadarzana diyA hai|

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 125 Atama anubhava karanA re bhaaii|| ttek|| jaba loM bhedajJAna nahiM upaje, janama marana dukha bharanA re|... Agama par3ha nava pada tattva bakhAna, vrata tapa saMjama dharanA re| Atama-jJAna binA nahiM kAraja, jonI-saMkaTa paranA re|| sakala graMtha dIpaka hai bhAI mithyA tamako haranA re|' kahA kareM te andha puruSa ko, jinheM upajanA maranA re| dyAnata je bhavi sukha cAhata haiM, tinako yaha anusaranA re| 'so'haM ye do akSara japake, bhava-jala pAra utaranA re|| 118 jJAnI aura ajJAnI kA svarUpa batAte hue dyAnatarAyajI tattvasAra bhASA meM likhate haiM - bhavya karai cirakAla tapa, lahaiM na siva vina gyaan| gyAnavAna tatakAla hI, pAvai pada niravAna / / deha Adi paradavya maiM, mamatA karai ga~vAra | bhayau parasamai lIna so, bA~dhai karma apAra / / iMdrIviSai magana rahai, rAga doSa ghttmaahiN| krodha mAna kaluSita kuchI, gyAnI aisau nAhiM / / 117 arthAta jaba taka mana paradravyoM meM vyApta hai, taba taka ugra tapa ko bhI karatA huA bhavya jIva mokSa ko nahIM pAtA hai, kintu zuddhabhAva meM lIna hone para zIghra hI pA letA hai tathA jo dehAdika paradravya haiM aura jaba taka unake Upara mamatva bhAva karatA hai, taba taka vaha para samaya meM rata hai, ataeva nAnA prakAra ke karmoM se ba~dhatA hai| yaha saba jIva ke ajJAna bhAva ke kAraNa hI hotA hai| aba ve jJAnI ajJAnI ke svarUpa ke bAre meM batAte haiM - jo indriyoM ke viSayoM meM Asakta mUr3ha kaSAya-yukta ajJAnI puruSa nitya kisI meM ruSTa hotA hai aura kisI meM santuSTa hotA hai, kintu jJAnI puruSa isase viparIta svabhAva vAlA hotA hai| ajJAnatA ke kAraNa yaha jIva kisa prakAra rAga-dveSa ajJAnabhAvoM meM pariNamita hotA hai| isakA varNana tattvasAra bhASA kI TIkA meM isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai - mUr3ha bahirAtmA ajJAnI puruSa nitya sarvakAla rAta-dina kisI aniSTa pratIta honevAle paradravya meM ruSTa hotA hai arthAt dveSa karatA hai aura kisI iSTa pratIta honevAle paradravya meM santuSTa hotA hai arthAt prasanna hokara rAga karatA hai|

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126 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA prazna-kaisA hotA huA vaha kisI meM dveSa aura kisI meM rAga karatA hai? uttara-nirviSayarUpa paramAtmA se viparIta jo pA~coM indriyoM ke viSaya haiM, unake vaza meM gayA huA yaha indriya-viSayAsakta jIva kisI vastu meM dveSa aura kisI vastu meM rAga karatA hai| prazna-aura yaha indriya-viSayAsakta jIva kaisA hotA hai? uttara-sakaSAya aura ajJAnI hotA hai| anantAnubandhI krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobharUpa kaSAyoM ke sAtha jo rahatA hai, sakaSAya kahalAtA hai tathA ajJAna jisake pAyA jAye, vaha ajJAnI kahalAtA hai| indriya-viSayAsakta jIva sakaSAya bhI hai aura AtmajJAna se rahita hone ke kAraNa ajJAnI bhI hai| isa ajJAnI aura sakaSAya jIva se jJAnI viparIta hotA hai| prazna-jJAnI kauna kahalAtA hai? uttara-jo sva-samaya-rata antarAtmA hai, vaha jJAnI kahalAtA hai| aisA jAnakara ajJAna, para-samayatva, kaSAya, indriyAdi doSoM se vilakSaNa, vItarAga, sarvajJa zAsana kA mUla jo svasaMvedana jJAna hai aura jo sampUrNa vimala kevalajJAna kA kAraNabhUta hai, vahI vItarAga vijJAna sarvaprakAra se upAdeya hai|120 dyAnatarAyajI bhI vItarAga-vijJAna svarUpa kevalajJAna kA mahattva batAte hue likhate haiM - dekhau bhAI Atama rAma viraajai| chaha daraba nava tatva geya haiM, Apasu gyAyaka chAjai / / dekho bhaaii|| arihaMta siddha sUri guru munivara, pA~cau pada jiha maahiN| darasana gyAna carana tapa jisa maiM paTatara koU naahiiN|| dekho bhaaii|| gyAna cetana kahiyai jAkI, bAkI pudgala kerii| kevala gyAna vibhUti jA sakai, Atama vibhrama cerii|| dekho bhaaii|| ekeMdrI paMcendrI pudgala, jIva atiMdI gyaataa| dyAnata gahI suddha daraba kau, jAna pano sukha daataa|| dekho bhaaii||21 arthAt yaha AtamarAma virAjamAna hai| yaha AtmA jJAyaka svabhAvI hai tathA chaha dravya, navatattva jJeya hai| arihaMta, siddha, guru ye darzana, jJAna va cAritra tapa jinameM vidyamAna hai, cetana ko jJAnasvarUpa kahakara bAkI saba ko pudgala kI upamA hai tathA jo zuddha dravya ko jAnatA hai, vahI sukha ko prApta karatA hai|

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 127 (8) sadguru kA mahattva jinavANI ke sampUrNa rahasya ko jAnakara jo AtmA meM sthira rahate haiN| Atmasthira nahIM raha pAne para AtmasthiratA meM kAraNabhUta svAdhyAyAdi rUpa jJAna meM pravRtta hote haiN| sabhI prakAra ke Arambha aura parigraha se sarvathA rahita hote haiN| jinakA jIvana raMcamAtra bhI viSaya-bhogoM kI lAlasA ke adhIna nahIM hotA hai arthAt jo unakI lAlasA se pUrNatayA rahita hai| jo samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra, samyakratnatraya se sahita hai jinakA bAhya AcaraNa bhI Agama ke anukUla hai| aise AtmajJAnI-dhyAnI nagna digambara munirAja sacce guru haiN| vidyAguru hamAre jJAna meM kAraNa hone se, hamAre pUrNatayA vyaktigata kArya meM nimitta hone ke kAraNa, bhUmikAnusAra AdaraNIya, sammAnanIya hai, parantu sacce guruoM kI gurutA nirapekSa gurutA hai| kisI ke jJAna meM nimitta hone yA nahIM hone se unakI pUjyatA meM koI antara nahIM AtA hai| ve vAstava meM apanI vItarAgatA ke kAraNa pUjya haiN| isIlie digambara munirAja hI sacce guru kahalAte haiM; kyoMki ve kisI ke prati rAga-dveSa ke bhAva nahIM rkhte| jaisA ki kahA gayA hai - NipvANasAdhae joge sadA jujati saadhvo.| samA savvesu bhUdesu tamhA te savvasAdhavo / / 122 arthAt mokSa kI prApti karAnevAle mUlaguNAdi tapazcaraNoM ko jo sAdhu sarvakAla apane AtmA se jor3ate haiM aura sarva jIvoM meM samabhAva ko prApta hote haiM, isalie ve sadguru kahalAte haiN| isI prakAra sadguru (sAdhu parameSThI) kA svarUpa dravyasaMgraha meM bhI batAyA hai - daMsaNaNANasamaggaM maggaM mokkhassa jo hu cAritaM / sAdhayadi NiccasuddhaM sAhU so muNI Namo tassa / / 123 arthAt jo darzana aura jJAna se pUrNa, mokSa ke mArgabhUta, sadA zuddha cAritra ko prakaTarUpa se sAdhate haiM, ve muni sAdhu parameSThI kahalAte haiN| nATaka samayasAra meM paNDita banArasIdAsajI likhate haiM - gyAna ko ujAgara, sahaja-sukhasAgara suguna-ratanAgara, virAga-rasa bharau . hai| sarana kI rIti harai, marana kauna bhai karai karana sauM pIThi de, carana anusaryo hai||

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128 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA dharama kau maMDana, bharama ko vihaMDana hai parama narama hai kai, karama sauM larayau hai| aisau munirAja, bhuviloka maiM virAjamAna nirakhi banArasI, namaskAra karyo hai|| 5 / / 124 arthAta jo jJAna ke prakAzaka haiM, sAhasika Atmasukha ke samadra haiM, samyaktvAdi guNaratnoM kI khAna haiM, vairAgya-rasa se paripUrNa haiM, kisI kA Azraya nahIM cAhate, mRtyu se nahIM Darate, indriya-viSayoM se virakta hokara cAritra pAlana karate haiM, jinase dharma kI zobhA hai, jo mithyAtva kA nAza karane vAle haiM, jo karmoM ke sAtha atyanta zAntipUrvaka lar3ate haiM - aise sAdhu mahAtmA jo pRthvItala para zobhAyamAna haiM, unake darzana karake paNDita banArasIdAsajI namaskAra karate haiN| niyamasAra, gAthA 75 meM sadguru kA svarUpa isa prakAra batAyA hai'samasta ArambhAdi bAhya vyApAra se vimukta, caturvidha ArAdhanA meM sadA rata, nirgrantha aura nirmohI-aise sAdhu hote haiN|' nirantara akhaNDita parama tapazcaraNa meM nirata-aise sarva sAdhuoM kA svarUpa nimna prakAra hai (1) ve paramasaMyamI mahApuruSa hone se trikAla-nirAvaraNa, niraMjana parama paMcamabhAva kI bhAvanA meM pariNamita hone ke kAraNa hI samasta bAhya vyApAra se vimukta haiN| (2) ve jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura paramatapa nAma kI caturvidha ArAdhanA meM sadA anurakta haiN| (3) ve bAhya-Abhyantara samasta parigraha se rahita hone ke kAraNa nirgrantha haiM tathA (4) ve sadA niraMjana nija kAraNa samayasAra ke caraNa ke samyak zraddhAna, samyak parijJAna aura samyak AcaraNa se pratipakSI - aise mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna aura mithyAcAritra kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa nirmohI haiN| AcArya kundakundadeva pravacanasAra, gAthA 201 meM kahate haiM ki 'paDivajjadu sAmaNNaM jadi icchadi dukkha parimokkhaM arthAt yadi duHkhoM se parimukta hone kI icchA hai to zrAmaNya (munidazA) ko aMgIkAra kro| tAtparya yaha hai ki saMsAra duHkhoM ke abhAva ke lie aura mukti-sukha kI upalabdhi ke lie munipane ko grahaNa karanA caahie| zramaNa kA svarUpa pratipAdita karate hue pravacanasAra ke racanAkAra likhate haiM ki - .

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- kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 129 samasattubaMdhuvaggo samasuddadukkho psNsnniNdsmo| samalohakaMcaNo puNa jIvidamaraNe samo samaNo / / 125 arthAt jise zatru aura bandhuvarga samAna hai, sukha-duHkha samAna hai, prazaMsA aura nindA samAna hai, miTTI kA DhelA aura suvarNa samAna hai tathA jIvana maraNa ke prati bhI jisako samatA hai, vaha zramaNa hai| vAvAravippamukkA cuvvihaaraahnnaasyaastaa| NiggathA NimmohA sAhU ederisA hoti / / 128 . arthAt samasta bAhya vyApAra se vimukta, caturvidha ArAdhanA meM sadA rakta, nirgrantha aura nirmoha-aise sAdhu hote haiN| Nissago NirArammo mikkhAcariyAe suddhabhAvo y| . egAgI jhANaraho savvaNagur3a Dho have samaNo / / 127 arthAt jo niSparigrahI va nirArambha hai, bhikSAcaryA meM zuddhabhAva rakhatA hai, ekAkI dhyAna meM lIna hotA hai aura saba guNoM se paripUrNa hotA hai, vaha zramaNa hai| anantajJAnAdizuddhAtmasvarUpaM sAdhayantIti sAdhavaH 128 arthAt jo ananta jJAnAdisvarUpa zuddhAtmA kI sAdhanA karate hai, unheM sAdhu kahate haiN| aNataNANadasaNavIriyaviraikhaiyasammattAdINaM sAdhyA sAhUNAm / / 129 arthAt jo anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantavIrya aura kSAyika samyaktvAdi guNoM ke sAdhaka haiM, ve sAdhu kahalAte haiN| isa prakAra jainazAstroM meM sadguru kA svarUpa nimnAnusAra batAyA hai - (1) jo virAgI hokara, samasta parigraha chor3akara, zuddhopayogarUpa munidharma aMgIkAra karake antaraMga meM usa zuddhopayoga dvArA svayaM apanA anubhava karate haiN|130 (2) paradravya meM ahaMbuddhi nahIM rkhte| (3) apane jJAnAdika svabhAvoM ko hI apanA mAnate haiN| (4) parabhAvoM meM mamatva nahIM krte| (5) paradravya tathA unake svabhAva jJAna meM paribhASita hote haiM, unheM jAnate to avazya haiM, kintu iSTa-aniSTa mAnakara unameM rAga-dveSa nahIM krte| .

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130 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA (6) zarIra kI aneka avasthAe~ hotI haiM, bAhya meM aneka prakAra ke nimitta Ate haiM, kintu ve guru vahA~ kucha bhI sukha-duHkha nahIM maante| (7) apane yogya bAhya kriyA jaisI hotI hai, vaisI hotI hai, kintu use khIMca-tAnakara nahIM krte| (8) ve apane upayoga ko bahuta nahIM bhramAte, kintu udAsIna hokara nizcala vRtti ko dhAraNa karate haiN| (7) kadAcit mandarAga ke udaya se zubhopayoga bhI hotA hai, jisake dvArA ve zuddhopayoga ke bAhya sAdhanoM meM anurAga karate haiM parantu usa rAgabhAva ko bhI heya jAnakara dUra karane kI icchA karate haiN| (10) tIvra kaSAya ke udaya ke abhAva se hiMsAdikarUpa azubhopayoga pariNati kA to astitva hI unake nahIM rahA hai| (11) sarva muniyoM ko aisI antaraMga dazA hone se bAhya digambara saumya mudrAdhArI hote haiN| (12) jo zarIra saMskArAdi vikriyA se rahita hote haiN| munidharma kA mUla samyagdarzana "., guruoM kA mAhAtmya isalie hai; kyoMki ve AtmA ke jJAnapUrvaka vairAgya hone se, samasta parigraha chor3akara antara meM zuddhopayoga dvArA tIna kaSAyoM kA abhAva hone para munidazA pragaTa karate haiN| munidharma zuddhopayogarUpa hai| usa dharma kA mUla samyagdarzana hai arthAt muni honevAle ko samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna to pahale ho cukA hai, isalie samyagdarzana-jJAnapUrvaka hI samyakcAritra dazA hotI hai| ___ samyagdarzana ke binA to cauthA yA pA~cavA~ guNasthAna bhI nahIM hotA, taba phira munidazA kA chaThavA~-sAtavA~ guNasthAna to hogA hI kahA~ se? pahale mani hokara vyavahAra-cAritra kA pAlana karo aura phira bhagavAna ke nikaTa jAkara samyagdarzana prApta kareMge-aisA jo mAnate haiM, unheM na to munidazA kI khabara hai aura na samyagdarzana kI khabara hai|131 . __ zuddhopayogarUpa gurupanA samyagdarzanapUrvaka vairAgya hone se, vastrAdi samasta parigraha chor3akara antara svabhAva ke avalambana se zuddhopayogI cAritra pragaTa huA, usakA nAma

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 131 munidazA hai! jaina muni aise hote haiM ki ve zuddhopayoga dvArA svayaM apanA anubhava karate haiN| zuddhopayogarUpa vItarAgI cAritra hI saccA gurupanA hai| isake sivAya zubharAga meM yA zarIra kI digambara dazA meM munitva nahIM hai| maniyoM ke paMca mahAvrata, aTThAIsa mUlaguNa Adi hote haiN| vaha zubhopayoga munidazA nahIM hai| muni vAstava meM usa zubhopayoga ko nahIM Adarate, kintu antara meM zuddhopayoga kA hI anubhava karate haiN| paradravya yA parabhAva meM mamatva kA abhAva - sadguru apane jJAnAdi svabhAva ko hI apanA mAnate haiM, isake sivAya kisI bhI paradravya meM ahaMbuddhi nahIM karate aura na rAgAdi parabhAvoM meM mamatva karate haiM; apane jJAnAdi svabhAva ko hI apanA svarUpa mAnate haiM aura paradravya, rAga yA parabhAva meM mamatva nahIM rkhte| para ko iSTa-aniSTa mAnane kA abhAva - paradravya meM ahaMbuddhi na hone para bhI, paradravya tathA usake svabhAva jJAna meM svayaM pratibhAsita hote haiM, use muni jAnate avazya haiM, kintu use iSTa-aniSTa mAnakara rAga-dveSa nahIM krte| samyaktvI ko bhI para meM iSTa-aniSTapane kI buddhi to nahIM hai, kintu abhI rAga-dveSa hotA hai aura munidazA meM to mahAna vItarAgatA pragaTa ho gayI hai| muni paravastu ko jAnate hI nahIM-aisA nahIM hai| AkulatApUrvaka para ko jAnate nahIM, kintu paradravya sahaja hI jJAna meM jJAta hotA hai, use jAnate haiM, parantu usameM kahIM bhI mamatva nahIM karate aura na kahIM iSTa aniSTapanA mAna rAga-dveSa karate haiN| para se sukha-duHkha mAnane kA abhAva - zarIra kI aneka avasthAe~ hotI haiM, rogAdi hote haiM aura bAhya meM aneka prakAra ke nimitta Ate haiM, kintu ve unameM kiMcit sukha-duHkha nahIM maante| para meM iSTa-aniSTapanA mAnakara rAga-dveSa nahIM karate aura na sukha-duHkha mAnate haiM-aisI muni kI dazA hotI hai| indra Akara pUjA kareM yA siMha-cIte Akara zarIra ko phAr3a khAyeM, usameM muni sukha-duHkha nahIM maante| yadyapi samyaktvI bhI para se sukha-duHkha nahIM mAnate, kintu muni ko to taduparAnta svarUpa kI sthiratA hone se mahAna vItarAgatA ho gayI hai, isalie harSa-zoka nahIM hote| bAhya kriyA khIMca-tAnakara nahIM karate - apanI munidazA ke yogya bAhya kriyA jaisI hotI hai, vaisI hotI hai,

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132 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA kintu use khIMca-tAnakara nahIM karate / udAsInarUpa se sahaja hI bAhya kriyA hotI hai| itane samaya meM mujhe amuka sthAna taka vihAra karanA hI par3egA, amuka prasaMga para mujhe bolanA hI par3egA - aisA bAhya kriyA kA haThAgraha muni ke nahIM hotA / yahA~ munidazA ke yogya ho aisI bAhya kriyA kI bAta hai, jo munidazA meM yogya na ho - aisI bAhya kriyA muni ke hotI hI nahIM, aisA hI mela hai / upayoga ko bahuta nahIM bhramAte muni apane upayoga ko bahuta bhaTakAte nahIM haiM, kintu udAsIna hokara nizcala vRtti ko dhAraNa karate haiN| tIna kaSAyoM kA nAza hone se mahAna vItarAgI sthiratA pragaTa huI hai; isalie upayoga ko bahuta nahIM bhaTakAte / bAhara kI yaha bAta jAna lU~, vaha bAta jAna lU~, itanI pustakeM par3ha lU~ - isa prakAra jahA~-tahA~ upayoga ko nahIM le jAte / yadyapi abhI svarUpa meM upayoga I pUrNatayA sthira nahIM huA hai, isalie bAhya meM bhI jAtA hai, kintu use adhika nahIM ghumAte; mukhyatayA to zuddhopayoga kI hI sAdhanA karate haiM / muniyoM ke zuddhopayoga kI pradhAnatA hai aura zubhopayoga gauNa hai / antaraMgadazA pUrvaka bAhya digambara saumyamudrA - - isa prakAra muni kI antaraMgadazA kA svarUpa btaayaa| vaisI antaraMgadazA pUrvaka bAhya meM kaisI dazA hotI hai? usako jAnanA Avazyaka hai / uparyukta antaraMga dazA hone para bAhya meM muni digambara saumya mudrAdhArI hote haiM / muni kI bAhya mudrA bhI upazAnta sthira saumya hotI hai| zarIra ke samasta aMga-vikArarahita upazAnta ho gaye haiM / muni ko zarIra para vastrAdi nahIM hote aura zarIra - saMskArAdi vikriyA bhI unake nahIM hotI / --- antara meM tIna kaSAyoM kA nAza hokara zuddhopayogarUpa vItarAgI munidazA pragaTa ho, vahA~ bAhya meM zarIra kI digambara saumya mudrA na ho - aisA nahIM ho sakatA tathA antaraMga meM zuddhopayogarUpa munidazA pragaTa hue binA, mAtra bAhya meM digambara ho to use munidazA nahIM kahA jaataa| isalie antaraMga aura bAhya dazA kA jaisA mela hai, vaisA jAnanA cAhie / mithyAdRSTi dravyaliMgI to saMsAratattva - sacce guruoM ke to antaraMga kI zuddhopayogadazA pUrvaka bAhya meM

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 133 digambara dravyaliMga hotA hai| antaradazA ko jAne binA akele. bAhya ke dravyaliMga se hI jo apane ko munitva mAnatA hai, vaha to saMsAratattva hI hai| mithyAdRSTi jIva dravyaliMgI ho jAye, tathApi usane saMsAra kiMcit bhI nahIM chor3A hai, kyoMki vaha udayabhAva meM hI avasthita hai, isalie saMsAra meM hI par3A hai aura samyaktvI dharmAtmA gRhasthapane meM ho, tathApi use samyagdarzanAdirUpa jo upazama, kSayopazama yA kSAyikabhAva pragaTa huA hai, usake utanA saMsAra chUTa gayA hai| mithyAtvAdi chUTane para ananta saMsAraM to usake chUTa gayA hai, isalie mithyAdRSTi muni kI apekSA samyagdRSTi gRhastha ko zreSTha kahA hai| mithyAdRSTi muni to saMsAramArgI hai aura samyagdRSTi gRhastha mokSamArgI hai| yahA~ to sacce bhAvaliMgI muniyoM (sadguruoM) kI bAta hai| jahA~ antaraMga dazApUrvaka bAhya digambara dazA na ho, vahA~ munitva nahIM hotaa| aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM kA akhaNDa pAlana - muni aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM kA akhaNDa pAlana karate haiN| pA~ca mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti, pA~ca indriyanirodha, chaha Avazyaka, kezaloMca, snAnarahitatA, TH EATRITI SANILAM nagnatA, adanta-dhovana, bhUmizayana, sthiti-bhojana aura eka bAra AhAra grahaNa- isa prakAra aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM meM muni viparItatA nahIM Ane dete| bAIsa parISahoM kA pAlana - ___muni bAIsa parISaha sahana karate haiN| mArga se acyutapane ke lie tathA nirjarA ke hetu parISaha sahana karanA kahA hai arthAt jisake antara meM samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritrarUpa mArga pragaTa huA ho, usake usa mArga se acyutirUpa parISahajaya hotA hai, kintu jisake abhI mArga hI pragaTa nahIM huA - aise mithyAdRSTi ke parISaha nahIM hotaa| parISaha kahIM duHkha nahIM hai| bhUkha-pyAsa, sardI-garmI Adi ke duHkha sahana karane ko ajJAnI loka parISahajaya kahate haiM, kintu vaha bAta satya nahIM hai| jisameM duHkha mAlUma ho yA antaraMga meM rAga-dveSa ho, vahI parISaha nahIM hai| rAga-dveSa kI utpatti hone para use jItanA hI parISahajaya hai-aisA koI kahe to vaha bhI satya nahIM hai| (kyoMki jaba rAga-dveSa kI utpatti ho hI gayI to use jItanA kaise sambhava hai|) isa prakAra antara meM jo zuddhopayogI vItarAgI cAritra hai, vahI munitva hai, Upara antaraMga aura bahiraMga svarUpa sadguruoM kA svarUpa pratipAdita

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134 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA kiyaa| isase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki jo rAga-dveSa rahita hai, apane Atma svarUpa meM lIna rahane kA nirantara abhyAsa karate haiM aura sarva parigraha se rahita haiM, ve sacce guru kahalAte haiN| jaisA ki banArasIdAsajI ne bhI eka pada meM kahA hai - aise munivara dekhe vana meM, jAke rAgadveSa nahiM mana meN|| Teka / / viraktabhAva vakSa ke nIce, ba~da saheM vaha tana meN|| jhAr3I jaMgala nadI kinAre, dhyAna dhareM vo mana meN| girivara maruta zikhara ke Upara, dhyAna dhareM grISama meN| aise munivara dekha 'banArasI' namana karata caraNana meN|| aise||132 kavivara dyAnatarAya ne bhI sadguru kA svarUpa batAkara unakA mAhAtmya batAyA hai| eka pada meM sadaguru kA mahattva isa prakAra batAyA hai - hama to kabahU~ na nija ghara aaye| para ghara phirata bahuta dina biite| nAva aneka dhraaye|| hm.|| para pada nija pada mAni magana hai, para pariNati lpttaaye| zuddha buddha sukha kanda manohara Atama guNa nahiM gaaye|| hm.|| para pazu devana kau nija mAnyo, parajai buddhi khaaye| . amUla akhaMDa atula avinaasii| cetana bhAva na bhaaye|| hm.|| hita anahita kachu samajhayo naahiiN| mRga jala budha jyauM dhaae|| dyAnata aba nija-nija para hai satguru baina sunaaye|| hm.||133 dyAnatarAyajI kahate haiM ki maiM kabhI bhI apane svarUpa ke nikaTa nahIM AyA, paradravya ko apanA mAna kara bahuta dina bitA die| paradravya ko nijadravya mAnakara maiM magna ho rahA thA, lekina abhI bhI zuddha, buddha, sukha kI khAna AtmA ko nahIM jAnA aura manuSya, tiryaMca evaM deva ko apanA svarUpa mAnakara apane cetanabhAva ko maiMne bhulA diyA, kintu jaba sadguru kA samAgama milA to unakI vANI se merI ajJAnatA dUra hokara sadbuddhi mila gyii| guru jJAna kI dhArA barasAne vAle evaM mithyAtva ke nAzaka batAte hue ve likhate haiM - parama guru barasata jJAna jhrii| haraSi haraSi bahu garaji garaji kai mithyAtapana hrii|| prm.|| . saradhA bhUmi suhAvana lAgai, saMzaya beli hrii|

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 135 bhavijana mana sara. vara bhari umar3e samujhi pavana siyrii|| prm|| syAdvAda bijalI camakai, para-mata zikhara prii| . cAtaka mora sAdhu zrAvaka ke hRdaya subhakti bhrii|| prm.|| japa tapa paramAnanda baDhyo hai susamaya nIva dhrii| dyAnata pAvana pAvasa Ayo thiratA zuddha krii|| parama. ||134 guru apanI jJAna kI varSA se mithyAtva kA haraNa karate haiM, unakI zraddhA se saMzaya kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| unakI vANI meM syAdvAda rUpI bijalI camakatI hai, unakI vANI ne zrAvakoM ke hRdaya meM bhakti kA saMcAra kara diyaa| japa, tapa karake parama Ananda kI prApti ho gii| dyAnatarAya kahate haiM ki amRta varSA kA pAvana dina A gayA, jisase AtmA meM sthiratA ho gaI hai| guru ko jagata se pAra karanevAlA jahAja kI upamA dete hue dyAnatarAyajI likhate haiM - guru samAna dAtA nahiM koI / / ttek|| bhAnu prakAza na nAzata jAko, so a~dhiyArA ThArai khoii| megha samAna sabana pai barasai, kachu icchA jAkai nahiM hoii|.. naraka pazugati Aga mAhitai, suraga mukata sukha thApai soii|| tIna loka madira meM jAno, dIpaka mama parakAza kloii| dIpa tale a~dhiyAra bharyo hai aMtara bahira vimala hai joii|| .. .. " tArana tarana jihAja suguru hai, saba kuTumba Dovai jaga toii| dyAnata nizidina niramala mana meM rAkho gurupada paMkaja doii|| 135, guruoM ko rAga-dveSa se rahita batAte hue ve likhate haiM - dhani te sAdhu rahata vana maaNhii|| ttek|| zatru mitra sukha dukha sama jAne, darasana dekhata pApa plaahii|| aTThAisa mUla guNa dhArai, mana vaca kAya capalatA naahiiN| grISma zaila zikhara hima tarinI, pAvasa varakhA adhika shaahii|| krodha mAna chala lobha na jAnai rAga doSa nAhIM unpaahiiN| amala akhaNDita ciduNa maMDita brahmajJAna meM lIna rhaahiiN|| teI sAdhu lahai kevala pada, ATha-ATha daha zivapura j'aahiiN| 'dyAnata' bhavi tinake guNa gAvaiM pAvai zivasukha dukha nsaahii|| 138

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136 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA sadguru ko vanavAsI, parigraha rahita evaM tapasvI kI upamA dete hue ve likhate haiM - dhani dhani te muni girivana vaasii|| ttek|| . mAra mAra jaga jAra jArate dvAdasa vrata tapa abhyaasii|| kaur3I lAla pAsa nahiM jAke jina chedI AsA paasii| Atama Atama para-para jAnai, dvAdasa tIna prakRti naasii|| jA dukha dekha dukhI saba jaga hai so dukha lakha sukha hai taasii| jAko saba jaga sukha mAnata hai so sukha jAnyo dukhraasii|| bAhya bheSa kahata aMtara guNa, satya madhura hitamita bhaasii| dyAnata te ziva pathika hai pA~va parata pAtaka jaasii||137 niSkarSataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki dyAnatarAyajI ne digambara bhAvaliMgI munirAjoM ko hI sadguru svIkAra kiyA hai aura unhIM kA samAgama karane kI preraNA dI hai| (7) sAdhaka kI anivAryatA sambandhI vicAra - dyAnatarIya bhakta kavi haiN| unhoMne apane kAvya meM arahaMta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya, guru, jinadharma, jinavANI kI stuti kI hai| stuti meM do vastuoM kI AvazyakatA rahatI hai| eka sAdhya dUsarA sAdhaka, stuti sAdhya ko prApta karane ke uddezya se sAdhaka karatA hai| ataH dyAnatarAyajI ne sAdhaka kI anivAryatA sambandhI vicAra jagaha-jagaha pragaTa kiye haiN| unhoMne kahA hai ki jo jinarAja kI sAdhanA karatA hai, vaha eka pala meM zivarAja arthAt mokSa ko prApta karatA hai|138 sAdhaka ke kAryoM ko ginAte hue dyAnatarAyajI likhate haiM ki saccA sAdhaka jar3a cetana meM bhedavijJAna kara letA hai aura parama tattva ko prApta kara letA hai|139 saccA sAdhaka tatkAla hI mokSa sukha prApta kara letA hai, jabaki ajJAnI bahuta tapa karane para bhI sukha prApta nahIM kara pAtA hai|140 isa prakAra dyAnatarAyajI ne mokSa prApti meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra ko mokSa kA sAdhana batAte hue samyagdRSTi ko saccA sAdhaka kahA hai| (10) Asrava nirodha kI carcA tathA saMvara, nirjarA kI carcA - dyAnatarAyajI ne karmoM ke Ane ko Asrava kahA hai tathA Asrava ke nirodha ko hI saMvara mAnA hai| 142 jaise mAlI Adi ke mAdhyama se jalAzayoM meM jala praviSTa hotA hai, vaise hI AtmA meM karma-pravAha Asrava dvAra se praveza karatA hai| Asrava karma-pravAha ko bhItara praveza denevAlA dvAra hai| jainadarzana

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 137 ke anusAra yaha loka pudgala vargaNAoM se ThasAThasa bharA hai| unameM se kucha aisI pudgala vargaNAe~ haiM, jo karmarUpa pariNata hone kI kSamatA rakhatI haiN| ina vargaNAoM ko karma vargaNA kahate haiN| jIva kI mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika pravRttiyoM ke nimitta se ye kArmANa vargaNAe~ jIva kI ora AkRSTa ho karmarUpa meM pariNata ho jAtI haiM aura jIva ke sAtha unakA sambandha ho jAtA hai| karma vargaNAoM kA karmarUpa meM pariNata ho jAnA hI Asrava hai|143 dyAnatarAyajI ne karmoM ke Ane ko rokane ke lie bhedavijJAna kA sahArA liyA hai| unake padoM evaM bhajanoM meM Asrava nirodha kI carcA bahuta AtI hai| udAharaNasvarUpa - jJAnAvaranAdika jamarUpI, jinauM bhinna nihAra | rAgAdika pariNati lakha nyArI, nyAro subudha vicAra ||ghaTa / / 144 usI prakAra karmoM kA AnA ruka jAnA hI saMvara hai| saMvara kA mokSamArga meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| saMvarapUrvaka hone vAlI nirjarA hI mokSa kA kAraNa hai| dyAnatarAyajI ne bhI jaina AgamAnusAra hI saMvara ko paribhASita kiyA hai|145 unhoMne saMvara ko nirvikalparUpa evaM Asrava ko savikalpa kahA hai| Atamatattvatane dvai bheda, niravikalpa savikalapa nirveda / niravikalapa saMvara kau mUla, vikalapa Asrava yaha jiya bhUla ||146 isa prakAra dyAnatarAya ne Asrava nirodha kI carcA kara zuddhAtmA ko pahacAnakara nirvikalpa rUpa saMvara ko prApta karane kI preraNA dI hai|147 karmoM ke AMzikarUpa se jhar3ane ko nirjarA kahate haiN| nirjarA vahI jIva kara sakatA hai, jo apane zuddha Atmatattva ko prApta karatA hai| binA AtmA ke pahacAne karmoM kI saMvara, nirjarA sambhava nahIM hai arthAt saMvara, nirjarA AtmajJAnI jIva ke hI sambhava hai| dyAnatarAya ne bhI karmoM ko naSTa karane ke lie AtmajJAna ko zreSTha mAnA hai148- nirjarA karanevAle jIva ko mokSa sukha milatA hai| vaha saMsAra duHkha ko chor3akara anantakAla taka mokSa sukha ko prApta karatA hai| karai karama kI nirajarA, bhava pIjarA vinaashi| ajara amara pada ko lahaiM, dyAnata sukha kI raashi||149 dyAnatarAya AdhyAtmika kavi the, ataH unhoMne karmoM ko duHkharUpa, duHkhadAyaka tathA saMsArabhramaNa ke kAraNa batAkara unase mukta hone kI preraNA dI hai| unakA sampUrNa kAvya zuddhAtmA kI pahacAna, jJAna va usameM lInatA ke gItoM se bharA huA hai|

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138 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA sandarbha sUcI 1. tAtparyavRtti TIkA, pRSTha-525 2. paMcAstikAya, tAtparyavRtti TIkA, pRSTha-255 3. vRhadravya saMgraha, pRSTha-268 4. niyamasAra, tAtparyavRtti TIkA, pRSTha-35 5. dravyasaMgraha TIkA 56/238 6. DaoN. zrIkAnta pANDeya racita bhAratIya darzana kA itihAsa, pR.7 7. Charvaka Shasti, Page 18 8. daulatarAmajI kRta chahaDhAlA, pahalI DhAla, pada-1 9. dyAnata vilAsa, pada-35 10. vRhad dravyasaMgraha, pRSTha-267 11. DaoN. zrIkAnta pANDeya racita bhAratIya darzana kA itihAsa, pRSTha-14 12. vahI, pRSTha-16 13. vahI, pRSTha-17 14. DaoN. rAmakRSNa AcArya racita bhAratIya darzana, pRSTha-6-5 15. Izvara mImAMsA, pRSTha-71 16. vahIM 17. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA - pro. harendraprasAda sinhA, pRSTha-57 18. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pRSTha-59 19. vahI, pRSTha-63 20. nyAyasAra, pRSTha-328 21. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pRSTha-192 22. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pRSTha-193 23. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pRSTha-198 24. zarIrasya na caitanyaM mRteSu vyabhicArAt, nyAyasiddhAnta muktAvalI 25. na viSayavyavasthAnAt / tad vyavasthAnAdevAtmasad bhAvAdapratiSedhaH, nyAyasUtraH 3-1-2-3 26. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pRSTha-199 27. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pRSTha-200 28. nyAyasUtra, 4-2-42 29. bhAratIya darzana kA itihAsa, pRSTha-176 30. da hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana philAsaphI, prathama bhAga, 90, 305 - 31. yogasUtra, 1/49, para vyAsabhASya 32. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pRSTha-202 33. vahI, pRSTha-204

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 139 34. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pRSTha-208 35. bhAratIya darzana kA itihAsa, pRSTha-265 36. bhAratIya darzana kA itihAsa, pRSTha-228 37. vahI, pRSTha-289 38. vahI, pRSTha-229 39. amarakoza meM 'saMkhyA' zabda kA artha vicAraNA yA jJAna mAnA gayA hai| carcA-saMkhyA vicAraNA vahIM para vidvAna vyakti ke lie saMkhyAvAna zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai - 'saMkhyAvAn paNDitaH kaviH' jisakA mUlabhUta zabda 'saMkhyA nizcaya hI jJAnArthaka hai| 40. sAMkhyakArikA, 55, 56, 57 41. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pRSTha-242 42. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pRSTha-261 43. vahI, pRSTha-262 44. Out lines of Indian Philosophy, Page 282 45. vahI, Vol. I, Page 253 46. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pRSTha-270 47. bhAratIya darzana kA itihAsa, pRSTha-291 48. vahI 49. vahI 50. bhAratIya darzanoM kI rUparekhA, pRSTha-271 51. yogazcittavRteH nirodhaH, 1-21 52. cittavanniruddhAnIndriyANi netarendriyajaya vdupaayaantrmpekssnte| yathA madhukara rAjAnaM makSikA utpatannamanutpatanti, nivizamAnamanuvizanti tathendriyANi cittanirodhe niruddhAnItyeSaH pratyAhAraH, vyAsa bhASya 53. dhAraNA tu ca yogyatA manasaH, yogasUtra, 2-53 54. tatra pratyekatAnatA dhyAnam, yogasUtra-3-21 55. samAdhirdhyAnamevadhyeyAkAra nirmAsaM pratyayAtmake svarUpeNa zUnyamiva yadA bhavati / yeyasvabhAvAvezA tadA samAdhirityucyate, yogasUtra-3, vyAsabhASya 56. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pRSTha-274 57. karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana, gItA 58. gItA, 15/7, 59. gItA, 2/20, 60. gItA, 2/13, 61.gItA, 2/20, 62. gItA, 2/22 63. bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya punarAgamanaM kutaH, baMtaAM japae chama 18 64. A Treatise of Human Nature By Hume, Book-I, Part IV, Section-6 65. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 26 66. hajArIprasAda dvivedI kRta hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, pRSTha-11 67. hindI pada saMgraha, pRSTha-137 68. adhyAtma pATha saMgraha, sampAdaka - zreyAMsakumAra zAstrI, pRSTha-331

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140 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA . 69. hindI pada saMgraha, pRSTha-113 70. vahI, pRSTha-135 71. vRhad dravyasaMgraha, gAthA-3 72. AdhyAtmika pada saMgraha, pRSTha-340 73. tattvasAra bhASA, gAthA-3 74. chahaDhAlA, DhAla-3, chanda-4 75. chahaDhAlA, DhAla-3, chanda-4 76. chahaDhAlA, DhAla-3, chanda-6 77. dyAnatarAya kRta devapUjA, jala kA chanda 78. dyAnatarAya kRta devapUjA 79. dyAnatarAya kRta deva-zAstra-guru pUjana 80. dyAnatarAya kRta carcA zataka 81. adhyAtmapada saMgraha, pRSTha-32 82. adhyAtmapada saMgraha, pRSTha-36 83. hindI pada saMgraha, pada-157, pRSTha - 130 84. vahI, pada-160, pRSTha - 132 85. vahI 86. dyAnatarAya kRta carcAzataka, pRSTha-67, pada-58 87. vahI, pRSTha-30, pada-24 88. dyAnaMtarAya vilAsa, pada-69 89. mokSazAstra, adhyAya-10, sUtra-prathama 90. mokSamArga prakAzaka-342 91. samayasAra nATaka, pRSTha-29 92. dyAnatarAya kRta dazalakSaNa pUjana, jayamAlA 93. hindI pada saMgraha, pRSTha-110 94. ratnatraya pUjana, pUrNArghya pada 95. tattvArthasUtra-2-3 96. samyagdarzana pUjA-jayamAlA 97. samyagjJAna pUjA-mukhya pada 98. samyakcAritra pUjA-jayamAlA 99. chahaDhAlA, pahalI DhAla, pada-6 100. dyAnatarAya kRta chahaDhAlA, dUsarI DhAla 101. hindI pada saMgraha, pRSTha-122 102. vahI, pRSTha-136 103. vahI, pada-168 pRSTha-139 104. hindI pada saMgraha, pada-139, pRSTha-115

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 105. zrI amitagati AcArya: yogasAra prAbhRta, adhikAra - 2, gAthA - 46 106. adhyAtma pada saMgraha, prathama bhAga, pRSTha-34 107. dyAnatarAya : tattvasAra bhASA 108. AdhyAtmika pATha saMgraha, pRSTha-330 109. vahI, pRSTha-332 110. vahI, pRSTha - 342 111. dyAnatavilAsa, pada- 36, pRSTha-16 112. dyAnatavilAsa dyAnatarAyajI - 113. tattvasAra bhASA - 19 114. subodha paMcAsikA - dyAnatarAyajI, chanda-26 115. dyAnatarAya : adhyAtma paMcAsikA, pada- 28 116. daulatarAma : chahaDhAlA, dUsarI DhAla 117. dyAnatarAya : adhyAtma paMcAsikA, pada- 46 118. dyAnatarAya : adhyAtma pada saMgraha, pRSTha-31 119. dyAnatarAya : tattvasAra bhASA, gAthA - 33 120. devasenAcArya : tattvasAra, gAthA - 35 121. dyAnatavilAsa 122. mUlAcAra - 512 123. dravyasaMgraha, 54/221 124. banArasIdAsa : nATaka samayasAra 125. pravacanasAra, gAthA - 241 126. niyamasAra, gAthA - 75 127. mUlAcAra, gAthA - 1002 128. dhavalA pustaka, 1/1,1,1/52/1 129. dhavalA pustaka, 8/3, 41 /87/4 130. maMgalAyatana patrikA, aMka-45, maI 2005 131. maMgalAyatana patrikA, aMka - 45, maI 2005, pRSTha - 43 132. adhyAtma pada saMgraha : sampAdaka mohanalAla zAstrI, jabalapura 133. hindI pada saMgraha, pada- 129, pRSTha - 109 134. dyAnatavilAsa, pada- 26, pRSTha-12 135. adhyAtmapada pArijAta, pRSTha-66 136. adhyAtmapada pArijAta, pRSTha-67 137. vahI 138. upadeza zataka, pada- 6 139. tattvasAra bhASA, pada- 26 140. tattvasAra bhASA, 34 141. dyAnata vilAsa pada 41 142. upadeza zataka, 102 144. dyAnatavilAsa, pada-2 146. tattvasAra bhASA, pRSTha-6 148. gahai nahIM para tajai na Apa, karai nirantara AtamajApa / 147. tattvasAra bhASA, pada-8, 9 tAkaiM saMvara nirjara hoya, Asrava baMdha binAsai soca / / 149. dyAnatarAya kRta dazalakSaNa pUjana / 143. jaina tattvavidyA, pRSTha-318 145. upadeza zataka, 102 141

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caturtha adhyAya dyAnatarAya kI adhyAtma nirUpaNA yadyapi jaina sAhitya meM adhyAtma nIMbU meM khaTAsa, mizrI meM miThAsa kI taraha vyApta hai| pUrva AcAryoM kundakunda, amRtacandra, pUjyapAda akalaMkadeva Adi kaI AcAryoM evaM vidvAnoM ne adhyAtma kA rahasyodghATana kiyA hai, tathApi ukta rahasyodghATana sarvajanagrAhya nahIM ho sakA / sAhitya ke kSetra meM yaha eka bahuta bar3I kamI thI / kavivara dyAnatarAyajI ne isa kamI kA anubhava kara saMsArI jIvoM ke kalyANArtha adhyAtma rasa se sarAbora, pada, bhaktiyA~, pUjaneM evaM zataka kAvyoM kI racanA kI / jahA~ kalikAla ke prabhAva se ajJAnamayI mAnyatAoM ke meghoM se AcchAdita sAhitya- AkAza meM adhyAtma ke upadeSTA khadyotavat TimaTimAte the 'vahA~ kavivara dyAnatarAyajI apane ujjvala vyaktitva ke sAtha AvirbhUta hue tathA unhoMne apanI kRtiyoM dvArA adhyAtma kI zItala zAntidAyinI cA~danI bikherakara pathabhraSTa pathikoM ko parama kalyANa kA patha pradarzita kiyA / dyAnatarAyajI ne jahA~ apane kAvya meM dravyAnuyoga garbhita jaina siddhAntoM kA varNana kiyA, vahIM unhoMne caraNAnuyoga ko achUtA nahIM chor3A | cAritra sambandhI carcA unake kAvya meM yatra-tatra dekhI jA sakatI hai / (ka) cAritragata - nirUpaNA : (1) indriya saMyama kI AvazyakatA- jo saMyama ko prApta karane ke bAda use chor3a detA hai, bigAr3a detA hai; usako anantakAla taka nigoda meM paribhramaNa, trasa-sthAvaroM meM bhramaNa karanA par3atA hai, sugati nahIM milatI hai| saMyama prApta karake use bigAr3ane ke samAna bar3A anartha dUsarA nahIM hai / viSayoM kA lobhI hokara jo saMyama ko bigAr3atA hai, vaha eka kaur3I meM cintAmaNi ratna beca denevAle va IMdhana ke liye kalpavRkSa ko kATanevAle ke samAna hai| 2 viSayoM kA sukha to sukha hI nahIM hai, vaha to sukhAbhAsa hai, kSaNabhaMgura hai, narakoM ke ghora duHkhoM kI prApti kA kAraNa hai; jaisA ki pAka phala jihnA ke sparzamAtra se hI mIThA lagatA hai, pazcAt ghora duHkha, mahAdAha, santApa dekara maraNa ko prApta karAtA hai; usI prakAra bhoga bhI kiMcitkAla mAtra hI ajJAnI jIvoM ko bhrama se sukha jaisA lagatA hai, pazcAt to anantakAla taka

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 143 ananta bhavoM taka duHkha dene vAlA hai, isIlie zAstroM meM pA~ca indriya ke viSaya-bhogoM se virakti kI bAta kahI gayI hai; kyoMki ye pA~ca indriya ke viSaya hI jIva ko duHkhI karate haiN| anAdikAla se jIva ina pA~ca indriya ke bhogoM ko prApta kara svayaM ko sukhI mAnatA haiM, kintu mRgatRSNA kI bhA~ti ina pA~ca indriya ke viSayoM meM kahIM bhI jIva ko sukha nahIM milatA hai| isI uddezya ko lekara AcAryoM ne saMyama kI carcA meM saMyama ko do prakAra se vibhAjita kiyA hai - . (1) prANI saMyama (2) indriya saMyama chahakAya ke jIvoM ke ghAta evaM ghAta ke bhAvoM ke tyAga ko prANI saMyama kahate haiM aura paMcendriyoM tathA mana ke viSayoM ke tyAga ko indriya saMyama kahate haiN| indriya sukha ke bAre meM dharma ke dazalakSaNa pustaka meM DaoN0 hukamacanda bhArilla ne isa prakAra vicAra vyakta kiye haiM - "indriya sukha aura indriya jJAna meM idriyA~ nimitta hotI haiM, tathApi indriya sukha, sukha hai hI nhiiN| vaha sukhAbhAsa hai, sukha-sA pratIta hotA hai, para vastutaH sukha nahIM, duHkha hI hai, pApabandha kA kAraNa hone se AgAmI duHkha kA kAraNa hai, isI prakAra indriyA~ rUpa-rasa-gandha-sparza aura zabda kI grAhya hone se mAtra jar3a ko jAnane meM hI nimitta haiM, AtmA ko jAnane meM ve sAkSAt nimitta bhI nahIM haiN|" viSayoM meM ulajhAne meM nimitta hone se indriyA~ saMyama meM bAdhaka hI haiM, sAdhaka nhiiN| paMcendriyoM ko jItane ke prasaMga meM bhI sAmAnyajanoM kA dhyAna indriyoM ke bhogapakSa kI ora hI jAtA hai, jJAnapakSa kI ora koI dhyAna hI nahIM detaa| indriyasukha ko tyAgane kI bAta to sabhI karate haiM, para indriyajJAna heya hai| Atmahita ke lie arthAt atIndriya sukha ke lie indriyajJAna se bhI virAma lenA hogaa| indriyA~ AtmajJAna meM avarodhaka hone se grAhya nahIM haiM, isIlie AcAryoM ne indriya saMyama kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa kii| indriyoM ko vaza meM karake hI jIva Atmonmukha ho pAtA hai| pravacanasAra meM AcArya kundakunda likhate haiM - atthi amutta muttaM adidiya iMdiyaM ca atthesu / NANaM ca tahA sokkhaM jaM tesu paraM ca taM NeyaM / /

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144 . kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA jisa prakAra jJAna mUrta, amUrta, indriya-atIndriya hotA hai, usI prakAra sukha bhI mUrta-amUrta aura indriya-atIndriya hotA hai| inameM indriyajJAna aura indriyasukha heya haiM aura atIndriyajJAna aura atIndriyasukha upAdeya hai| AcArya amRtacandra bhI likhate haiM ki - athendriyasaukhyasAdhanIbhUtamindriyajJAnaM heyaM praNindati / ___ arthAt indriyasukha kA sAdhanabhUta indriyajJAna heya hai| isa prakAra indriyajJAna kI nindA kara AcArya indriyoM meM saMyama karane kI preraNA dete haiN| - kavivara dyAnatarAyajI ne bhI uparyukta kathanoM kA samarthana karate hue apane kAvya meM indriya sukha ko heya batAkara indriya saMyama kI bAta jagaha-jagaha kahIM hai - tU to samajha samajha re bhaaii|| ttek|| nizidina viSayabhoga lapaTAnA, dharama vacana na suhaaii|| Teka / / paMca-indriyoM se mana ko haTAne kI bAta karate hue ve kahate haiM - paMca parAvartana lakhi liijai| pA~cau indrI kauM na patIjai / / dyAnata pA~cauM lakhi lhiijai| paMca paramaguru sarana ghiijai|| indriyoM ko caMcala batAte hue ve likhate haiM ki - indrI paMcasu viSayani daurai, mAnai kahyA na koii| sAdhArana cirakAla vasyau maiM, dharama binA phira soii|| indriya viSayoM ko viSaphala batAte hue likhate haiM - indrI viSai viSai phldhaar| mIThe lageM aMta khayakAra / / viSaya-bhogoM meM lage rahane se jIva AtmakalyANa nahIM kara pAtA hai| isakI puSTi karate hue subodhapaMcAsikA meM likhate haiM - jarApane jo dukha sahe, suna bhAI re| so kyoM bhUle tohi, ceta suna bhAI re|| jo tU viSayoM se lagA, suna bhAI re| __ Atama sudhi nahiM tohi, ceta suna bhAI re|| 21 || isa prakAra dyAnatarAyajI ne AtmakalyANa ke lie indriya saMyama kI

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 145 AvazyakatA para jora diyA hai kyoMki indriyoM ke viSayoM meM sukha nahIM, sukhAbhAsa hai| (2) mana saMyama kI AvazyakatA-mana ko bahuta hI caMcala batAyA gayA hai, mana ko jo rucikara lagatA haiM, vaha udhara hI calA jAtA hai| mana kI pavitratA kI bAta prAyaH sabhI darzanoM, dharmoM ne kahI hai| mana ko vaza meM karake hI hama AtmakalyANa kara pAte haiN| jo mana ko saMyamita kara letA hai, vaha hI AtmA ko prApta kara pAtA hai| . uttama kSamAdharma ke arghya meM dyAnatarAyajI likhate haiM ki - gAlI suni mana kheda na Ano, guna ko auguna kahai ayaano|' arthAt mana itanA pavitra honA cAhie ki yadi koI gAlI de, apane guNoM ko avaguNa batAye to bhI usake prati dveSabhAva nahIM AveM, vahI mana kA saMyama hai| Arjava dharma ke arghya meM bhI ve likhate haiM - mana meM hoya so vacana ucariye, ___ vacana hoya so tana sau kariye / / 10 __ arthAt mana itanA pavitra honA cAhie ki jo hamAre mana meM ho, use vacanoM se kahanA cAhie aura jo vacana se kaha rahe haiM use tana se karanA caahie| mana ko jaba taka sthira nahIM kareMge, taba taka AtmadhyAna kI avasthA nahIM A sakatI hai| ataH AtmadhyAna ke lie mana ko sthira karanA arthAta saMyamita karanA Avazyaka hai| jaisA ki dyAnatarAyajI likhate haiM - mana vaca kAya joga thira karakai, jJAna samAdhi lgaauuNgaa| kaba hauM kSapaka zreNi caDhi dhyAUM, cArita moha nshaauuNgaa|" arthAt jaba taka manAyoga, vacanayoga aura kAyayoga ko sthira nahIM kiyA jAyegA, taba taka jJAna samAdhi arthAta AtmAnubhava nahIM ho sktaa| mana kI caMcalatA ke viSaya meM ve likhate haiM ki kahive ko mana sUramA, karave ko kaacaa| viSaya chur3Avai aura pai, Apana ati maacaa|| 1 / / 12 mana ko saMyamita rakhane kI preraNA dete hue dyAnatarAyajI likhate haiM - jina nAma sumari mana bAbare, kahA ita uta bhttke| viSaya pragaTa viSa bela hai, inameM mata aTake / / duralabha narabhava pAya ke nagaso mata pttkaiN|

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA phira pIche pachatAyagA, avasara jaba saTakaiM / / eka ghar3I hai saphala jau prabhu-guNa rasa gaTakeM / koTi varaNa jIvo vRthA jo thothA phaTakaiM / / dyAnata uttama bhajana hai kIjaiM mana raTakai / bhava mana ke pAtaka sabai jaihai to kaTakaiM / / nija / / isa prakAra dyAnatarAyajI ne Izvara ArAdhanA, Atma-anubhava ke lie mana saMyama ko Avazyaka mAnA hai / 13 (3) prANI rakSA kI bAta - jainadarzana meM jIvoM ko do prakAra se vibhAjita kiyA hai (1) saMsArI tathA (2) mukt| 14 unameM saMsArI jIvoM ke do bheda kiye hai (1) trasa, (2) sthAvara jaisA ki tattvArthasUtra ke dvitIya adhyAya meM likhA hai. - 146 saMsAriNastrasa sthAvarAH / / 12 / / unameM do indriya se lekara pA~ca indriya taka ke jIva trasa jIva kahalAte haiN| 5 eka indriya jIva jaise ki 'pRthivyaptejovAyuvanaspatayaH sthAvarAH ' arthAt pRthvIkAyika, agnikAyika, vAyukAyika, jalakAyika, vanaspatikAyika ye sthAvara jIva kahalAte haiM / trasa saMsArI do indriya se pA~ca indriya taka jIva sthAvara pRthvIkAyika, jalakAyika, agnikAyika vAyukAyika, vanaspatikAyika dyAnatarAyajI ne uparyukta donoM trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM kI rakSA kI bAta jagaha-jagaha para kI hai| jaisA ki -- mukta doja dubheda siddha saMsAra, saMsArI trasa thAvara dhAra / supara dayA donoM mana dharau, rAga-doSa taji samatA karau || 2 || 16 (4) antaraMga evaM bAhyazuddhi kA varNana dyAnatarAyajI AtmAnubhava ke lie jahA~ antaraMga zuddhi (pavitratA) ke pakSadhara the, vahIM vyavahAra dharma ke bhI pakSadhara the| unake anusAra bAhya meM jaina dharmAnukUla AcaraNa mokSArthI -

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147 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA (mumukSu) ke lie parama Avazyaka hai| kyoMki bAhya meM deva - guru-dharma ke prati zraddhA nahIM hogI, unakI stuti - vandanA nahIM hogI to antaraMga zuddhi sambhava nahIM hai / antaraMga zuddhi kA varNana karate hue ve likhate haiM - Atama anubhava karanA re bhAI / / jaba lau bheda - jJAna nahiM upajai, janama - maraNa dukha bharanA re / / 1 / / Agama par3ha nava tattva bakhAne, vrata tapa saMjama dharanA re / Atama jJAna binA nahiM kAraja, jonI saMkaTa paranA re / / 2 / / sakala grantha dIpaka hai bhAI, mithyA tama ko haranA re / kahA karaiM te andha puruSa ko, jinheM upajanA maranA re / / dyAnata je bhavi sukha cAhata haiM, tinako yaha anusaranA re / 'so'haM' ye do akSara japakai, bhava - jala pAra utaranA re / / 17 dyAnatarAya jI antaraMga meM utpanna honevAle rAga-dveSa bhAvoM ko bhI AtmA se pRthak mAnate haiM aura AtmA ko rAga-dveSa vibhAva bhAvoM se rahita zuddhatattva svIkAra karate hue likhate hai - aba hama amara bhaye na mareMge / / Teka || tana kArana mithyAta diyo taja, kyoM kari deha dhreNge| aba / upajai marai kAla taiM prAnI, tAtaiM kAla hareMge / rAga-dveSa jaga bandha karata haiM, inako nAza kareMge / / deha vinAzI maiM avinAzI, bheda - jJAna pakaraiMge / nAsI jAsI hama thira vAsI, cokhe ho nikharaiMge / / mare anantabAra bina samajhe, aba sukha dukha bisareMge / 'dyAnata' nipaTa nikaTa do akSara, bina sumareM sumareMge / / 18 bAhyazuddhi kA varNana dyAnatarAyajI ne bAhyazuddhi ke antargata jIva kI deva-guru-dharma ke prati zraddhA evaM zrAvaka dharma kA anupAlana tathA muni dharma kI carcA kI hai| jaisA ki ve likhate haiM -- - re jiya! janama lAho leha / / Teka || carana te jina bhavana pahu~ce, dAna dai kara jeha / / re jiya / / ura soI jAmaiM dayA hai, aru rudhira ko geha | re jiya / / jIbha so jina nAma gAvaiM, sA~ca sau karai naiha / / A~kha te jinarAja dekha, aura A~kha kheha |

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA zravana te jina vacana suni, zubha tapa tapai so deha / / re jiya / / saphala tara iha bhA~ti hai hai, aura bhA~ti na keha | dvai sukhI mana rAma dhyAvo, kahaiM sadguru yeha / / re jiya / / 18 dyAnatarAyajI ne zarIra ko azuci batAkara paramAtmA ko zreyaskara batAyA hai. -- deha | neha || ghaTa / / ghaTa meM paramAtama dhyAive ho, parama dharama dhana heta / mamatA buddhi nivAriye ho, TAriye bharama niketa || ghaTa / / prathamahi azuci nihAriye ho, sAta dhAtumaya kAla ananta sAhrai dukha jAnai, takkau tajo aba jJAnAvaraNAdika jamarUpI, jinataiM bhinna rAgAdika paranati lakha nyArI, nyAro subudha tahA~ zuddha Atama nira vikalpa hai, kari tisako dhyAna / / alapa kAla meM ghAti nasata haiM, upajata kevalajJAna || ghaTa / / cAra aghAti nAzi ziva pahu~ce, vilasata sukha ju ananta / samyak darazana kI yaha mahimA, 'dyAnata' laha bhava anta / / ghaTa / / nihAra / vicAra / 20 148 tapa kA mahattva batAte hue ve samAdhi dhAraNa karane kI preraNA dete haiM aiso sumarana kara more bhAI, pavana thamai mana kitahu~ na jAI / / Teka / / paramesura so sA~ca rahI je loka raMjanA bhaya tapa dIjai / / aiso / / japa aru nema dou vidhi dhArai, Asana prANAyAma saMmApe / pratyAhAra dhAranA kIjai, dhyAna samAdhi mahArasa pIjai / / aiso. / / so tapa tapo bahuri nahi tapanA, jo japa japo bahuri nahiM japanA | so vratadharo bahuri nahiM dharanA, aiso maro bahuri nahiM maranA / / aiso / / paMca parAvartana lakhi lIjai, pA~coM indrI kI na patIjai / dyAnata pA~coM lacchi lahIjai, paMca parama guru zarana gahIjai / / aiso / / 21 - isa prakAra dyAnatarAyajI ne apane kAvya meM antaraMga evaM bAhyazuddhi kA varNana kiyA hai| (5) dazadharma kA varNana - AtmA krodhAdi kaSAyarUpa pariNamita na ho aura apane svabhAva meM sthira rahe, yahI uttama kSamAdirUpa dharma hai / isa prakAra uttamakSamAdirUpa dharma kahane se bhI zuddhacetanA ke pariNAmarUpa dharma hI siddha

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 149 hotA hai; kyoMki usameM cetanA ke pariNAmoM ko puNya-pApa se chur3Akara jJAnasvabhAva meM hI sthira karanA kahA hai| maiM jJAnasvarUpa jJAtA hU~, mere jJAna meM koI paradravya iSTa-aniSTa nahIM hai| dharma kA svarUpa dazalakSaNa rUpa hai| ina daza cihnoM ke dvArA aMtaraMga dharma jAnA jAtA hai| uttamakSamA, uttamamArdava, uttamaArjava, uttamasatya, uttamazauca, uttamasaMyama, uttamatapa, uttamatyAga, uttamaAkiMcanya, uttamabrahmacarya-ye daza dharma ke lakSaNa haiN| dharma to vastu kA svabhAva hai, svabhAva ko hI dharma kahate haiN| loka meM jitane padArtha haiM, ve saba apane-apane svabhAva ko kabhI nahIM chor3ate haiN| yadi svabhAva kA nAza ho jAye to vastu kA abhAva ho jAye, kintu aisA nahIM hotA hai| ___ AtmA eka padArtha hai, usakA svabhAva kSamAdi rUpa hai| krodhAdi karmajanita upAdhi hai, AvaraNa hai| krodha nAma kI karma kI upAdhi kA abhAva hone para kSamA nAma kA AtmA kA svabhAva svayaM hI prakaTa ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra mAna ke abhAva se mArdava guNa, mAyA ke abhAva se Arjava guNa, lobha ke abhAva se zauca guNa ityAdi jo AtmA ke guNa haiM, ve karma ke abhAva se svayameva prakaTa hote haiN| jo ye uttama kSamAdi AtmA ke svabhAva haiM; ve mohanIya karma ke bheda krodhAdi kaSAyoM dvArA anAdikAla se AcchAdita ho rahe haiN| kaSAyoM ke abhAva se kSamAdi AtmA ke svAbhAvika guNa prakaTa ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna pUrvaka krodhAdi kA nahIM honA hI uttama kSamAdi dharma hai| uparyukta dazadharmoM kA varNana dyAnatarAya ne isa prakAra kiyA hai - (1) uttama kSamA dharma - krodha bairI kA jItanA vahIM uttama kSamA dharma hai| kSamAsvabhAvI AtmA ke Azraya se AtmA meM jo krodha ke abhAvarUpa zAnti-svarUpa paryAya prakaTa hotI hai, use bhI kSamA kahate haiN| arthAt AtmA meM krodha kaSAya ke abhAvarUpa jo paryAya pragaTa hotI hai, vahI uttama kSamA dharma kahalAtA hai| dyAnatarAyajI ne bhI apane kAvya meM uttama kSamA dharma kA varNana isI prakAra kiyA hai - pIDai duSTa aneka, bA~dha mAra bahuvidhi kreN| dhariye chimA viveka, kopa na kIjai pItamA / / uttama chimA gaho re bhAI, iha-bhava jasa para bhava sukhdaaii| gAlI suni mana kheda na Ano, guna ko auguna kahai ayaano||

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150 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA kahi hai ayAno vastu chInai, bA~dha mAra bahuvidhi krai| ghara nai nikArai tana vidArai, vaira jo na tahA~ dhrai|| te karama paraba kiye khoTe, sahai kyoM nahiM jiiyraa| ati krodha-agani bujhAya prAnI, sAmya-jala le siiyraa|| 24 (2) uttama mArdava dharma - 'mRdo vaH mArdavam' mRdutA komalatA kA nAma mArdava hai arthAt AtmA aura mAna kaSAya ke bheda ko anubhava karake mAna ko chor3anA usakA nAma mArdava guNa hai| mArdava dharma meM mAna kaSAya ko burA batAte hue kavivara likhate haiM - mAna mahAviSarUpa, karahi nIca-gati jagata meN| komala sudhA anUpa, sukha pAvai prAnI sdaa||| uttama mArdava guna mana mAnA, mAna karana kau kauna tthikaanaa| basyo nigoda mAhiM taiM AyA, damarI rUMkana bhAga bikaayaa|| rUMkana bikAyA bhAga vazatai, deva ika-indrI bhyaa| uttama muA caNDAla hUvA, bhUpa kIr3oM meM gyaa|| jItavya jovana dhana gumAna, kahA karaiM jala budbudaa| kari vinaya bahu guna bar3e jana kI, jJAna kA pAvai udaa|| 25 (3) uttama Arjava dharma - 'RjarbhAvaH Arjavam' RjutA arthAt saralatA kA nAma Arjava hai arthAt mana-vacana-kAya kI kuTilatA kA abhAva vaha Arjava hai| Arjava dharma pApa kA khaNDana karanevAlA hai tathA sukha utpanna karanevAlA hai| dyAnatarAya bhI uparyukta kA samarthana karate hue likhate haiM - kapaTa na kIjai koya, corana ke pura nA basai / sarala subhAvI hoya tAke ghara bahu smpdaa|| uttama Arjava rIti bakhAnI, raMcaka dagA bahuta dukhdaanii| mana meM hoya so vacana ucariye, vacana hoya so tana sauM kriye|| kariye sarala tihu~ joga apane dekha niramala aarsii| mukha karai jaisA lakhai taisA, kapaTa-prIti aNgaar-sii|| nahiM lahai lachamI adhika chala kari, karama-bandha vishesstaa| bhaya tyAgi dUdha bilAva pIvai, ApadA nahiM dekhatA / / 28 (4) uttama zauca dharma-'zucerbhAvaH zaucam' zucitA arthAt pavitratA kA nAma zauca hai| zauca ke sAtha lagA 'uttama' zabda samyagdarzana kI sattA kA

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151 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA sUcaka hai| paramAgama kA anubhava karake aMtaraMga mithyAtva kaSAyAdi mala kA dhonA, vaha zauca dharma hai / - zucitA arthAt pavitratA kI bAta karate hue kavi dyAnatarAya likhate haiM - dhari hiradai santoSa, karahu tapasyA deha soM / zauca sadA nirdoSa, dharama bar3o saMsAra meM / / uttama zauca sarva jaga jAnA, lobha pApa ko bApa bakhAnA / AzA - pAsa mahA duHkhadAnI, sukha pAvai santoSI prAnI / / prAnI sadA zuci zIla japa tapa, jJAna dhyAna prabhAvateM / nita gaMga jamuna samudra nhAye, azuci - doSa svabhAvataiM / / Upara amala mala bharyo bhItara, kauna vidhi ghaTa zuci kahai / bahu deha mailI suguna thailI, zauca-guna sAdhu lahai / / 27 (5) uttama satya dharma - uttama satya arthAt samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna sahita vItarAga bhAva hai| satya vacana kI vizeSatA batAte hue kavivara dyAnatarAya likhate haiM ki -- kaThina vacana mati bola, para- nindA aru jhUTha taja / sA~ca javAhara khola, satavAdI jaga meM sukhI / / uttama satya barata pAlIjai, para vizvAsaghAta nahiM kIjai / sA~ce-jhUThe mAnuSa dekhoM, Apana pUta svapAsa na pekho / paMkho tihAyata puruSa sA~ce ko, daraba saba dIjiye / munirAja - zrAvaka kI pratiSThA, sA~ca guNa lakha lIjiye / / U~ce siMhAsana baiThi vasu nRpa, dharama kA bhUpati bhayA / vaca jhUTha setI naraka pahu~cA, suraMga meM nArada gayA / | 28 ( 6 ) uttama saMyama dharma-saMyamanaM saMyamaH' athavA vrata samiti-kaSAya-daNDendriyANAM dhAraNAnupAlananigrahatyAgajayAH sNymH| pA~ca samitiyoM kA pAlana, krodha - mana- mAyA - lobha ina cAra kaSAyoM kA nigraha karanA, mana-vacana-kAya kI azubha pravRtti - ye tIna daNDa haiN| ina daNDoM kA tyAga karanA tathA viSayoM meM daur3ane vAlI pA~ca indriyoM ko vaza meM karanA - jItanA vaha saMyama hai / - kavivara dyAnatarAya ne saMyama kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai - kAya chahoM pratipAla, paMcendriya mana vaza karo / saMjama - ratana sa~bhAla, viSaya-cora bahu phirata haiM / /

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.152. kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA. uttama saMjama gahu mana mere, bhava-bhava ke bhAje agha tere / suraga-naraka pazugati meM nAhiM, Alasa-harana karana sukha tthaahiiN|| . ThAhIM pRthI jala Aga mAruta, rUkha trasa karunA dhro| saparasana rasanA ghAna nainA, kAna mana saba vaza kro|| jisa binA nahIM jinarAja sIjhe, tU rulyo jaga kIca meN| ika gharI mata visaro karo nita, Ava jama-mukha bIca meM ||30 (7) uttama tapa dharma- icchA kA nirodha karanA vaha tapa hai|" tapa cAra ArAdhanAoM meM pradhAna hai| jaise svarNa ko tapAne se solaha bAra pUrNa uSNatA dene para vaha samasta maila chor3akara zuddha ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra AtmA bhI bAraha prakAra ke tapoM ke prabhAva se karmamala rahita hokara zuddha ho jAtA hai|32 .. samasta rAgAdi parabhAvoM kI icchA ke tyAga dvArA sva svarUpa meM 'pratapana karanA-vijayana karanA tapa hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki samasta rAgAdi bhAvoM ke tyAgapUrvaka AtmasvarUpa meM - apane meM lIna honA arthAt AtmalInatA ' dvArA vikAroM para vijaya prApta karanA tapa hai| kavi-dyAnatarAya ne tapa dharma kA svarUpa isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai - ....... tapa cAhaiM surarAya, karama-zikhara ko vaja hai| " dvAdazavidhi sukhadAya, kyoM na karai nija sakati sm|| .. - uttama tapa saba mAhiM bakhAnA, karama zaila ko vaja smaanaa| basyo anAdi nigoda na~jhArA, bhU vikalatraya pazu tana dhaaraa|| dhArA manuSa tana mahAdurlabha, sukula Ayu nirogtaa| zrI jainavAnI tattvajJAnI, bhaI vissy-pyogtaa|| . . ati mahA duralabha tyAga viSaya, kaSAya jo tapa aadreN| ... nara-bhava anUpama kanaka ghara para, maNimayI kalasA dhrai||* ....... (8) uttama tyAga dharma - nija zuddhAtma ke grahaNa pUrvaka bAhya aura . Abhyantara parigraha se nivRtti tyAga dharma hai| jaisA ki kahA hai - ... nijazuddhAtmaparigrahaM kRtvA bAhyAbhyantaraparigrahanivRttistyAgaH 135 - .. isI bAta ko bArasa-aNuvekkhA (dvAdazAnuprekSA) meM isa prakAra kahA gayA hai - .. NitvegatiyaM bhavAi yohaM caiUNa savva dvvesu| ... jo tassa haveccAgo idi bhaNidaM jiNavaridehiM / / 78 11:

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 153 arthAta jinendra bhagavAna ne kahA hai ki jo jIva sampUrNa paradravyoM se moha chor3akara saMsAra, deha aura bhogoM se udAsInarUpa pariNAma rakhatA hai, usake tyAgadharma hotA hai| ... kavi dyAnatarAya ne nizcaya aura vyavahAra tyAga dharma kA svarUpa isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai - dAna cAra parakAra, cAra saMgha ko diijie| dhana bijulI unahAra, nara-bhava lAho liijie|| uttama tyAga kahyo jaga sArA, auSadha zAstra abhaya aahaaraa| . .: nihacai rAga-dvaiSa niravArai, jJAtA donoM dAna sa~bhArai / / __ donoM sa~bhAre kUpa-jala sama, daraba ghara meM prinyaa| nija hAtha dIje sAtha lIje, khAya khoyA baha gyaa|| . . . dhani sAdhu zAstra abhaya divaiyA, tyAga rAga virodha ko| / bina dAna zrAvaka sAdhu donoM, lahaiM nAhIM bodha ko|| 36 7) AkiMcanya dharma-jJAnAnandasvabhAvI AtmA ko chor3akara kiMcitmAtra bhI parapadArtha tathA para ke lakSya se AtmA meM utpanna honevAle moha-rAga-dveSa ke bhAva AtmA ke nahIM haiM - aisA jAnanA, mAnanA aura jJAnAnandasvabhAvI AtmA ke Azraya se unase virata honA, unheM chor3anA hI uttama AkiMcanya dharma hai| " ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM AkiMcanya dharma ko isa prakAra pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| - apane jJAna darzanamaya svarUpa ke binA anya kiMcitmAtra bhI merA nahIM haiM, maiM kisI anya dravya kA nahIM hU~- aise anubhava ko AkiMcanyaM dharma kahate haiN| dyAnatarAya ne AkiMcanya dharma kA svarUpa isa prakAra batAyA haiparigraha caubisa bheda, tyAga kareM muniraajjii| tisanA bhAva ucheda, ghaTatI jAna ghttaaie|| uttama AkiMcana guNa jAno, parigraha cintA dukha hI maano| . phA~sa tanaka-sI tana meM sAlai, cAha la~goTI kI dukha bhaale|| bhAlai na samatA sukha kabhI nara, binA muni mudrA dhraiH|' dhani nagana tana para nagana ThAr3e, sura-asura pAyani pareM / / gharamAhiM tisanA jo ghaTAvai, ruci nahIM saMsAra sauN| bahu dhana burA hU bhalA kahiye, lIna para-upagAra sauN|| 38

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA (10) uttama brahmacarya dharma - brahma arthAt nijazuddhAtmA meM caranA-ramanA hI brahmacarya hai / jaisA ki 'anagAra dharmAmRta' meM kahA hai yA brahmaNi svAtmani zuddhabuddhe caryA paradravyamucapravRttiH / tad brahmacarya vratasArvabhaumaM ye pAnti te yAnti paraM pramodam / / 8/60 / / brahmacarya kA svarUpa padmanandi paMcaviMzatikA' meM isa prakAra diyA hai. - AtmA brahma viviktabodhanilayo yattatra caryAM para - 154 -- svAMgasaMga-- vivarjitaikamanasastadbrahmacaryaM muneH / / yahA~ brahma zabda kA artha nirmala jJAnasvarUpa AtmA kahA gayA hai| usa AtmA meM lIna hone kA nAma brahmacarya hai / jisa muni kA mana apane zarIra se nirmamatva ho gayA, usI ke vAstavika brahmacarya hotA hai / - - dyAnatarAya ne bhI brahmabhAva ko antara meM dekhane kI bAta kahI hai: zIla- bAr3ha nau rAkha, brahma-bhAva antara lakho / kari donoM abhilAkha, karahu saphala nara-bhava sadA / / uttama brahmacarya mana Anau, mAtA bahina sutA pahicAnau / na naina-bAna lakhi kUre / / kAma - rogI rati kreN| kAga jyoM sadhaiM dAne-daraSA bahu sUre, Tikai kare tiyA ke azuci tana meM bahu mRtaka sar3ahi masAna mAhIM, coMceM bharaiM / / saMsAra meM viSa- bela nArI taji gaye jogIzvarA / dyAnata dharama daza pair3i car3hi kaiM, ziva - mahala meM paga dharA / / 39 4 - dazalakSaNa pUjana kI jayamAlA meM dyAnatarAya ne bar3e hI rocaka DhaMga se dazoM dharmoM kA varNana saMkSipta, lekina sAragarbhitarUpa se kiyA hai| unakI isI vizeSatA ke kAraNa unakI dazalakSaNa pUjana jaina samAja meM vizeSa rUpa se lokapriya hai / - dazalakSaNa jayamAlA daza lacchana vandauM sadA, manavAMchita phaladAya / kahIM AratI bhAratI, hama para hohu sahAya / / uttama chimA jahA~ mana hoI, antara - bAhira zatru na koI / uttama mArdava vinaya prakAsai, nAnAbheda jJAna saba bhAsai / / uttama Arjava kapaTa miTAvai, duragati tyAgi sugati upajAvai / uttama satya - vacana mukha bolai, so prAnI saMsAra na Dolai / / -

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 155 uttama zauca lobha-parihArI, santoSI guNa-ratana bhnnddaarii| uttama saMyama pAlai jJAtA, nara bhava saphala karai le saataa|| uttama tapa niravAMchita pAlai, so nara karama-zatru ko ttaalai| uttama tyAga karai jo koI, bhogabhUmi-sura-zivasukha hoii|| uttama AkiMcana vrata dhArai, parama samAdhi dazA vistaare| uttama brahmacarya mana lAvai, nara-sura sahita mukti-phl-paavai|| . (dohA) karai karama kI nirajarA, bhava pIjarA vinaashi| ajara amara pada ko lahaiM, dhAnata sukha kI raashi|| (6) satsaMga kI carcA - dyAnatarAyajI deva-zAstra-guru kI saMgati kI hI vAMchA rakhate the; kyoMki ye hI sacce sukha ko prApta karane ke sAdhana haiN| ve sAdhujana kI saMgati ke lie icchA rakhate hue likhate haiM - - maiM sAdhujana ko saMga cAhU~, prIti tinahIM soM karauM / ' arthAt maiM sirpha sAdhuoM kI hI saMgati cAhatA hU~ aura unhIM se prIti karatA huuN| . isI prakAra deva kI saMgati kI cAha meM ve likhate haiM - maiM deva nita. arahaMta cAhU~, siddha kA sumirana karauM / maiM sUra guru muni tIna pada ye, sAdhu pada hiradaya dharauM / / maiM dharma karuNAmayI cAhU~, jahA~ hiMsA raMca naa| ..maiM zAstra jJAna virAga cAhU~, jAsu meM parapaMca naa|| 1 - arthAt maiM devoM meM arahaMta ko hamezA cAhatA hU~ tathA siddhoM kA smaraNa karatA hU~, maiM guruoM meM AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM sAdhu ko hRdaya meM dhAraNa karatA hU~, maiM karuNAmayI dharma kI icchA rakhatA hU~, jahA~ raMca bhI hiMsA nahIM hai| maiM vItarAgI zAstroM kI kAmanA karatA hU~, jinameM ki kisI prakAra kA bhrama nahIM hai| ve guru ke samAna upakArI kisI ko bhI svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| ataH ve hamezA guru kA sAnnidhya prApta karane kI vAMchA rakhate hue likhate haiM guru samAna dAtA nahiM koii|| ttek|| . bhAnu prakAza na nAzata jAko, so a~dhiyArA DArai khoii| megha samAna sabana pai barasai, kachu icchA jAkai nahiM hoii|| .

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156. kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA naraka pazUgati Aga mAhitai, suraga mukata sukha thApai soii| . tIna loka maMdira meM jAno, dIpaka sama parakAzaka loii|| dIpa talaiM a~dhiyAra bharyo hai aMtara bahira vimala hai joii| tArana tarana jihAja suguru hai, saba kuTumba Dovai jgtoii|| dyAnata nizidina niramala mana meM rAkho gurupada paMkaja doii||4112 cU~ki dyAnatarAyajI zailI se jur3e hue the, jahA~ unheM deva-guru-dharama kI pahacAna huI aura zailI ke saMgata se hI dharma meM ruci lgii| isalie hI unhoMne likhA hai - sailI jayavaMtI yaha huujo|| ttek|| zivamAraga ko rAha batAvai aura na koI duujo|| sailii|| deva dharama guru sAMcai jAnai jhUTho mAraga tyaago| * sailI ke parasAda hamAro, jina caranana citta laagyo|| . dukha cirakAla sahyau ati bhArI, so aba sahaja bilaayo| durita tarana dukha herana mazehara, dharama padAratha paayo|| "dyAnata' kahai sakala santana ko, nita prati pramuguna gaayo| .. jaina dharama paradhAna dhyAna sauM, sabahI zivasukha paavau|| sailii|| zailI kI mahimA gAte hue ve likhate haiM ki - . . jJAnavAna * jainI sabai, basai Agare maahiN| .. 'sAdharmI saMgati mile, koI mUrakha naahiN|| bhavasAgara ko pAra karane meM satsaMgati kI AvazyakatA para ve likhate haiM ki - vaha guru hoM mama saMyamI, deva jaina ho saar| sAdharmI saMgati milo, jaba lo ho bhava paar|| ....... .. isa prakAra dyAnatarAya ne dharma kI prApti meM sAdhaka guru, mitra, zAstra; deva Adi kI saMgati ko hI satsaMgati kahA hai, jo viSaya-kaSAya meM lagAye, vaha saMgati ke yogya nahIM hai| (7) bAhyADambara virodha- dyAnatarAyajI AtmonmukhI kavi the, jisake kAraNa unheM AtmA kI carcA hI rucatI thii| unake anusAra AtmA ko prApta karane kA ekamAtra sAdhana AtmA kI Antarika pravRtti hI kAma AtI hai| vahA~

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 157 kriyAkANDa evaM ADambara kA kahIM bhI sthAna nahIM hai| ataH unhoMne apane kAvya meM bAhya ADambara kA virodha kiyaa| jaisA ki unhoMne likhA hai ki - tU to samajha samajha re bhaaii|| ttek|| nizidina viSayabhoga lapaTAnA, dharama vacana na suhaaii|| kara manakA le Asana mAryo, bAhija loka rijhaaii| kahA bhayo baka dhyAna dhare tai, jo mana thira na rhaaii|| mAsa mAsa upavAsa kiye tai, kAyA bahuta sukhaaii| krodha mAna chala lobha na jItyA, kAraja kauna sraaii|| mana vaca kAya joga thira karake, tyAgo viSaya kssaaii| 'dyAnata' suraga mokSa sukhadAI, sataguru sIkha batAI / / 45 uparyukta pada meM dyAnatarAyajI ne ADambarI jIva ko phaTakAra lagAte hue kahA hai ki he jIva! tU pratidina viSayabhoga meM masta rahakara dharma ke vacana / ko nahIM sunatA hai, hAtha meM bhAlA kA manakA pherakara logoM ko rijhAyA hai| bagule kI taraha dhyAna lagAne se kyA phAyadA, yadi mana ko sthira nahIM kiyA to aura kyA phAyadA mahinoM upavAsa kara zarIra ko sukhAne se, yadi krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ko nahIM jItA to saba vyartha hai| isalie mana-vacana-kAya ko sthira kara viSayoM ko tyAgakara mokSasukha ko prApta kro| . isI taraha Antarika zuddhi na kara bAhya kriyA-kalApoM meM masta rahanevAle jIvoM ko ina zabdoM meM upadeza diyA hai| jiyA taiM Atamahita nahiM kiinaa|| rAmA rAmA dhana dhana kInA, narabhava phala nahiM liinaa| japa tapa karake loka rijhAye, prabhutA ke rasa bhiinaa|| antargata paranAma na sodhe, ekau garaja sarau naa| baiThi sabhA meM bahu upadeze, Apa bhaye prviinaa|| mamatA DorI torI nAhI, uttama tai bhaye hiinaa| dyAnata mana vaca kAya lAyake, nija anubhava citdiinaa| anubhava dhArA dhyAna vicArA, maMdara kalaza nviinaa|| uparyukta pada meM dyAnatarAyajI kahate haiM ki he jIva! tUne AtmakalyANa to kiyA nahIM aura rAma-rAma, dhana-dhana karake manuSyabhava ko vyartha ga~vAyA, japa tapa karake logoM ko rijhAkara, svAmitva meM rasa liyaa| antaraMga pariNAma

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158. kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA to nahIM sambhAle aura na hI eka bhI kAma kiyA, sabhA meM baiThakara upadeza bahuta diye, kintu svayaM meM parivartana nahIM AyA, paradravyoM meM mamatva karake uttama se hIna ho gaye, anta meM dyAnatarAya kahate haiM ki mana-vaca-kAya ko sthira kara Atama anubhava karanA hI zreyaskara hai| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki dyAnatarAyajI ko bAhya ADambara pasanda nahIM thA, ve to adhyAtma ko hI AtmakalyANa kA sAdhaka mAnate the| (8) vyavahAra sAdhanA mArga - sAdhanA mArga ko do taraha se vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai - (1) vyavahAra sAdhanA mArga aura (2) nizcaya sAdhanA maarg| vyavahAra sAdhanA mArga ke antargata vrata, zIla, saMyama, deva-zAstra-guru ke prati bhaktibhAva ityAdi Ate haiN| dyAnatarAyajI ne vyavahAra sAdhanA mArga ke antargata deva-zAstra-guru ke prati bhakti evaM vrata, zIla, saMyama kA varNana jagaha-jagaha kiyA hai| dyAnatarAyajI kI prasiddha pUjane vyavahAra sAdhanA mArga kA hI udAharaNa haiN| ... . deva kI ArAdhanA karate hue ve likhate haiM - pUjA parama jinarAja. cAhU~, aura deva nahIM kdaa| tihu~kAla kI maiM jApa cAhU~, pApa nahiM lAge kdaa|| . isI prakAra tapa, vrata kA varNana karate hue likhate haiM - . bhAvanA bAraha ju bhAU~, bhAva niramala hota haiN| maiM vrata ju bAraha sadA cAhU~, tyAga bhAva udyota haiN|| pratimA digambara sadA cAhU~, dhyAna Asana sohnaa| vasukarma taiM maiM chuTA cAhU~, ziva lahU~ jaha~ moha naa|| . maiM sAdhujana ko saMga cAhU~, prIti tinahIM soM krauN| maiM parva ke upavAsa cAhU~, Arambha maiM saba pariharauM / / " deva-zAstra-guru ke prati bhaktibhAva vyakta karate hue ve likhate haiM - prathama deva arahaMta suzruta siddhAnta jU / . guru niragraMtha mahaMta mukatipura-paMtha juu|| tIna ratana jagamAhiM su ye bhavi dhyaaiye| tinakI bhakti-prasAda parama pada paaiye||48 caubIsa tIrthaMkara ko mokSadAtA batAte hue ve likhate haiM - bhukti mukti dAtAra, caubIsoM jinraajvr| tina pada mana-vaca dhAra, jo pUjai so ziva lhai||49

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 159: bAhya meM parigraha ke tyAga kI bAta batAte hue ve likhate haiM ki - parigraha caubisa bheda, tyAga kareM muniraajjii| - tisanA bhAva ucheda, ghaTatI jAna ghttaaie|| isI prakAra zIla dhAraNa karane kI preraNA dete hue ve likhate haiM -- zIla-bAr3ha nau rAkha, brahma-bhAva antara lkho| kari donoM abhilAkha, karahu saphala nara-bhava sdaa|| tapa ko dhAraNa karane kI bAta batAte hue ve likhate haiM - tapa cAhaiM surarAya, karama, zikhara ko vaja hai| dvAdazavidhi sukhadAya, kyoM na karai nija sakati sm|| : paramAtmA kA nAma japane se hI sAre pApa kSINa ho jAte haiN| paramAtmA kA nAma smaraNa karane se hI asIma sukha kI anubhUti hotI hai| isakA varNana karate hue ve likhate haiM - re mana bhaja bhaja dIna dyaal| jAke nAma leta ika khina meM, kaTa koTi agha jaal|| re mn.|| . pAra brahma paramezvara svAmI, dekhata hota nihaal| ---- ....sumaraNa karata parama sukha pAvata sevata bhAjai kAla / / re mn.|| indra phaNiMdra cakradhara gAvaiM jAko nAma rsaalN| jAke nAma jJAna prkaalai| nAsai mithyA caal|aare mn.|| jAke nAma samAna nahIM kachu Uradha madhya ptaal| . soI nAma japauM nita dhAnata, chAMDi viSai vikarAla / / re mana.. (9) nizcaya sAdhanA kA mArga - nizcaya sAdhanA mArga ke antargata zuddhAtmA kI carcA AtI hai| dyAnatarAyajI AdhyAtmika kavi haiM, ataH unhoMne apane kAvya meM nizcaya sAdhanA ko vizeSa sthAna diyA hai| jaisA ki - mohi kaba aisA dina Aya hai|| ttek|| sakala vibhAva abhAva hoMhige, vikalapatA miTa jAya hai| yaha paramAtama yaha mama Atama, bheda buddhi na rahAya hai|| aurana kI kyA bAta calAvai, bhedavijJAna palAya hai| jAneM Apa Apa meM ApA, so vyavahAra vilAya hai|| naya pramANa nikSepana mAhIM, eka na ausara pAya hai|

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160 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA darzana jJAna carana ke vikalapa, kaho kahA~ ThaharAya hai| dyAnata cetana cetana hai hai, pudgala pudgala thAya hai| rAga-dveSa pariNAmoM ko pudgala kI santAna batAte hue nizcaya zuddhAtmA ko grahaNa karanA caahie| isa prakAra kI bAta batAte hue likhate haiN| jAnata kyoM nahiM re, he nara aatmjnyaanii|| ttek|| rAgadoSa pudgala kI saMgAta, nihacai zuddha nishaanii| jAya naraka pazu nara sura gati meM, ye parajAya viraanii| siddha-svarUpa sadA avinAzI, jAnata viralA praanii|| kiyo na kAhU harai na koI, guru zikha kauna khaanii| janama-marana-malarahita amala hai, kIca binA jyoM paanii| sAra padAratha hai tihuM jagameM, nahiM krodhI nahiM maanii| dyAnata so ghaTamAhiM virAjai, lakha hajai shivdhaanii||55 .. nizcaya se zuddhAtmA ko jAnakara sAre bheda vikalpa miTAne ke lie ve likhate haiM - : magana rahu re! zuddhAtama meM magana rahu re|| ttek|| rAga doSa para ko utapAta, nihacai zuddha caitanA jAta / / mgn|| vidhi niSedha ko kheda nivAri, Apa Apa meM Apa nihaari| baMdha mokSa vikalapa kari dUra, AnaMdakaMda cidAtama suur|| darasana jJAna carana samudAya, dyAnata ye hI mokSa upAya || magana / / sukha dukha ke viSaya meM isa jIva kI mithyA bhrAnti kA nivAraNa nizcayanaya se batAte hue ve likhate haiM - bhAI! aba maiM aisA jaanaa| pudgala daraba aceta bhinna haiM, merA cetana baanaa| kalapa ananta sahata dukha bIte, dukhako sukha kara maanaa|| sukha dukha doU karma avasthA, maiM karmana" aanaa| jahA~ bhora thA tahA~ bhaI nizi, nizi kI Thaura bihaanaa| bhUla miTI jinapada pahicAnA, paramAnanda nidhaanaa|| gUMge kA gur3a khAMya kahai kimi, yadyapi svAda pichaanaa| dyAnata jina dekhyA te jAne, meMDaka haMsa prvaanaa|| bhaaii||

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 161 nizcaya sAdhanA kI bAta ko svIkAra karane kI bAta karate hue ve likhate haiM - suddha AtamA nihAri rAga doSa TAri, krodha mAna baMka gAri lobha bhAva bhAnure / pApapunyakau vidAri suddhabhAva kauM sNbhaari| marmabhAva kauM visAri parmabhAva Anure / carmadRSTi tAhi jAri suddhadRSTi kauM psaari| deha-neha kauM nivAri seta dhyAna tthaanure| jAgi jAgi saina chAri bhavya-mokhako vihaar| eka vArake kahai hajAra vAra jAnu re / / 58 isa prakAra nizcaya sAdhanA mArga ke antargata dyAnatarAya ne rAga-dveSa kA niSedha evaM zuddhAtmA ke hI darzana, manana va cintana kI bAta kI hai| (10) sayoga kevalI tathA jIvana mukta kI sthiti kA varNana - dyAnatarAyajI ke ArAdhya arahaMta aura siddha paramAtmA haiM, unhoMne bhI deva kI saccI parIkSA karake unake prati asIma zraddhA evaM bhakti darzAyI hai| pUrNa vItarAgI sarvajJa ho jAne para bhI jo paramAtmA abhI zarIra se sahita haiM, cAra ghAtikarmoM kA abhAva ho jAne se ananta catuSTaya pragaTa ho jAne para bhI, cAra aghAtikarma vidyamAna hone se jinakA agurulaghutva, avyAbAdhatva Adi rUpa sampUrNa Atmavaibhava abhI prakaTa nahIM huA hai; ve terahaveM-caudahaveM guNasthAnavartI arahanta bhagavAna, sakala paramAtmA sayoga kevalI kahalAte haiN| inhIM ko hI jIvanmukta yA bhavamukta paramAtmA bhI kahate haiN| inheM jIvanmukta isalie kahate haiM, kyoMki ye paramaudArika zarIra sahita hote haiM aura manuSyaloka (DhAI dvIpa) meM rahate haiM, isalie. jIvanmukta saMsArI kahalAte haiN| ... arahanta ke guNa evaM svarUpa kI carcA kavi ne isaprakAra kI hai - eka jJAna kevala jina svAmI, do Agama adhyAtama naamii| tIna kAla vidhi paragaTa jAnI, cAra ananta catuSTaya jnyaanii|| paMca parAvartana parakAsI, chahoM daraba guna parajaya bhaasii| saptabhaMgavAnI parakAzaka, AThoM karma mahAripu nAzaka / / nava tattvana ke bhAkhana hAre, daza lacchana soM bhavijana taare|

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162 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA gyAraha pratimA ke upadezI bArahu sabhA sukhI akalezI / / teraha vidhi cArita ke dAtA, caudaha mAraganA ke jJAtA | pandraha bheda pramAda nivArI, solaha bhAvana phala avikArI / 150 jainadarzana ke anusAra vyakti apane karmoM kA vinAza karake svayaM paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| usa paramAtmA kI do avasthAyeM hotI haiM- eka zarIrasahita jIvanamukta avasthA aura dUsarI zarIra rahita dehamukta avasthA / prathama zarIrasahita jIvanamukta avasthA hI sayoga kevalI guNasthAna kahalAtA hai / isa avasthA meM jIva yadyapi paramAtma saMjJA ko prApta kara lete haiM, parantu phira bhI ve tInoM yogoM sahita hote haiM, isalie unheM sayogI kahate haiM / jJAna tathA darzana ke samasta AvaraNoM se rahita hote haiM, isI kAraNa kevalI kahalAte haiN| 1 isa prakAra jo yoga sahita hote hue kevalI haiM, unheM sayoga kevalI kahate haiM, paMcAstikAya kI TIkA meM kahA gayA hai --- 62 "bhAvamokSakevalajJAnotpattijIvanmukto'rhatpadamitye kArtha "2 arthAt bhAvamokSa, kevalajJAnotpatti, jIvanamukti aura arahantapada ye saba ekArthabhAvI haiM / jIva ke guNoM kA ghAta karanevAle jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya ina cAra ghAtiyA karmoM se mukta ho jAne ke kAraNa bhAvamokSa kahA jAtA hai| ina karmoM se mukta hote hI kevalajJAna kI utpatti hotI hai, jisake phalasvarUpa ve AtmA ko, AtmA se AtmA meM anubhava karane lagate haiM / - mana, vacana aura kAya sahita hote hue bhI mukta yA paramAtmA hone ke kAraNa unheM jIvanamukta kahA jAtA hai| mohAdi karmarUpI zatruoM kA aura janma-maraNa kA hanana kara dene ke kAraNa arahanta kahA jAtA hai| niyamasAra meM kevalI ko 'abandhaka' kahA gayA hai, kyoMki ve jAnate aura dekhate hue bhI icchA vartana nahIM karate | 3 bandha ke pA~ca kAraNoM (mithyAtva, avirati, premAda, kaSAya aura yoga) meM se isa guNasthAna meM kevala antima kAraNa yoga raha jAtA hai| yogajanya kriyAyeM bhI bandha kA kAraNa nahIM hotIM, kyoMki bandha kI kAraNabhUta rAga-dveSa janita pravRtti, una kriyAoM meM nahIM pAyI jAtI / yogajanita ina kriyAoM

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163 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA ko IryApatha karma kahA jAtA hai| ye kriyAe~ yadyapi gRhIta hotI haiM, parantu saMsAra phala ko utpanna karane kI zakti unameM nahIM hotI, isI kAraNa unheM agRhIta hI kahA jAtA hai / ina kriyAoM se yadyapi bandha hotA hai, parantu yaha bandha dUsare samaya meM hI naSTa ho jAtA hai, isI kAraNa inheM baddha hote hue bhI abaddha mAnA jAtA hai / samasta AsaktiyoM se rahita hone ke kAraNa inheM, spRSTa hote hue bhI aspRSTa kahA jAtA hai / kevalajJAna rUpI agni meM samasta icchA - saMkalpa Adi dagdha ho jAte haiM; isI kAraNa ye samasta kriyAe~, dagdha bIja ke samAna nirbIja bhAva ko prApta ho jAtI haiM arthAt punaH phalonmukha hone kI zakti unameM nahIM rahatI / 84 yahI kAraNa hai ki IyApatha karma hote hue bhI saMyogakevalI paramAtmA kahe jAte haiN| jaina matAnusAra aise jIvanamukta yogiyoM meM kevala cAra prANa hote haiM vacanabala, kAyabala, Ayu aura zvAsocchavAsa / pA~ca indriyA~ aura manobala nahIM hotaa| isa guNasthAna meM samudghAta ke antima samaya meM yoganirodha ke . kAraNa, vacana bala aura zvAsocchavAsa kA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai, kevala do prANa hI zeSa raha jAte haiM | 35 anya darzanoM meM jIvanamukti (1) upaniSadoM meM jIvanamukti vRhadAraNyaka upaniSada meM kahA gayA hai ki zarIra kA aura brahmajJAna kA niSedha nahIM hai, zarIra meM rahate hue bhI use jAnA jA sakatA hai / " muNDakopaniSad meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo brahma ko jAna letA hai, vaha svayaM brahma ho jAtA hai, vaha zoka se tara jAtA hai, pApa ko pAra kara letA hai aura hRdaya granthiyoM se vimukha hokara amaratva prApta kara letA hai| 7 (2) gItA darzana meM jIvanamukti - gItA meM jIvanamukta ke lie sthitaprajJa zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai; jo AtmA meM, AtmA se santuSTa, duHkhoM meM anudvigna sukhoM se nispRha aura rAga, dveSa, bhaya, krodha Adi se dUra hotA hai / (3) bauddhadarzana meM jIvanamukti - bauddha darzana meM jIvana mukti ke lie 'upAdhizeSa nirvANa' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| isa avasthA meM rAga, dveSa, -

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164 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA moha Adi kA kSaya hote hue bhI indriyoM tathA zarIra kI sImAoM meM hI vyakti pUrNa zAnti kA jIvana bitAtA hai| 69 (4) nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM jIvanamukti - saiddhAntikarUpa se jIvanamukti ke Adarza ko svIkAra na karane para bhI nyAya-vaizeSikoM ne eka aisI avasthA ko mAnA hai, jahA~ tattvajJAna ko prApta kara lene para saMcita karma naSTa ho jAte haiM, parantu prArabdha karmoM ko bhogane ke lie zarIra kI AvazyakatA rahatI hai| isa avasthA meM saMsAra ke prati dRSTikoNa pUrNataH badala jAtA hai| (5) sAMkhya darzana meM jIvanamukti- sAMkhya bhI vedAnta kI taraha donoM muktiyoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| jisa prakAra kumbhakAra dvArA cakra roka dene para bhI vaha cakra pUrva saMskAravaza kucha samaya taka ghUmatA rahatA hai, usI prakAra jIvanamukta puruSa prArabdha karmoM ko samApta karane ke lie, kucha samaya taka sazarIra sthira rahatA hai; parantu usa samaya zarIra dvArA kiye karma, usake karma bandha kA kAraNa nahIM hote haiN|" ...... (6) vedAnta darzana meM jIvanamukti- AtmajJAna ho jAne para anya kisI bhI jJAna kI apekSA nahIM rahatI aura na hI ajJAna rahatA hai, jisakA nAza karanA zeSa ho| AtmajJAna ke hote hI dehAbhimAnAdi svayaM naSTa ho jAte haiM, jisase jIvitAvasthA meM hI AtmavijJa ko azarIratva kI prApti ho jAtI hai| zarIra kI sthiti kevala prArabdha bhoga ke lie hI hotI hai, AgAmI baMdha ke lie nhiiN| jaise bhunA huA anna-kaNa bhoga ke lie to ucita hotA hai, parantu use bhUmi meM DAlakara phala prApta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jaina mata meM AtmajJAna kI isa sthiti ko kevalajJAna kahA jAtA hai| kevalajJAna ke 'pazcAt jaba taka zarIra rahatA hai, taba taka usa avasthA ko sayoga kevalI kahA jAtA hai, jo jIvanamukta kA hI paryAya hai| jIvanamukta avasthA meM jIva apane lakSya ke sAtha ekAkAra ho jAtA ' hai, parantu phira bhI dehapAta usI samaya nahIM hotaa| samUla ukhar3e hue vRkSa kA pUrNa nAza jisa prakAra sUkha jAne para hI hotA hai, AtmavettA ke zarIra kA kSaya bhI usI prakAra prArabdha (udaya) karmoM ke nivRta ho jAne para hI hotA hai| dyAnatarAya ne bhI jIvanamukta ko inhIM vAkyoM meM paribhASita kiyA hai - akhaya anantI sampati bilasai, bhava tana bhoga magana naa| dyAnata tA Upara balihArI, soI jIvana mukata bhnaa||

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA (kha) sAdhanAgata nirUpaNA 165 isa adhyAya ke antargata dyAnatarAyajI ke sAdhanAgata nirUpaNA kA adhyayana kiyA jAegA, jisameM AtmAnubhavarUpa sAdhanA ke lie Avazyaka sAta tattvoM kA jJAna, chaha dravyoM kA varNana, ratnatraya, mithyAbhAva, navapadArtha kA varNana kara anta meM AtmAnubhava kI avasthA kA adhyayana kiyA jaaegaa| (1) sAta tattvoM kA nirUpaNa - tattva kA artha hai - sArabhUta padArtha / vastu bhAva yA svabhAva ko tattva kahate haiM / tattva zabda tat aura tva ke yoga se banA hai / 'tat' kA artha hai 'vaha' aura 'tva' kA artha bhAva yA panA / arthAt vastu kA bhAva yA panA hI tattva hai| jaise agni kA agnitva, svarNa kA svarNatva, manuSya kA manuSyatva Adi / pratyeka darzana kA dhyeya duHkha se nivRtti hai| duHkha nivRtti ke lie duHkha aura duHkha ke kAraNa tathA duHkha - nivRtti aura usake sAdhana kA samyak parijJAna Avazyaka hai| jaina darzana meM sAta tattvoM ke mAdhyama se inhIM bAtoM kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| pratyeka satyAnveSI sAdhaka ko inakA samyak parijJAna `Avazyaka hai| tattva sAta haiM- jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa | sAtoM tattvoM ke lakSaNa jaina tattvavidyA meM isaprakAra diye haiM(1) jIva - jisameM cetanA ho, sukha-duHkha Adi ke anubhavana kI kSamatA ho / (2) ajIva - cetanA rahita padArtha / (3) Asrava - karma Agamana kA dvAra / (4) baMdha - jIva aura karma kA dUdha meM jala kI taraha ekameka ho jAnA / (5) saMvara - Asrava kA nirodha / (6) nirjarA - karmoM kA AMzikarUpa se jhar3anA / (7) mokSa-karmoM kA Atyantika kSaya / pUrNarUpa se jhar3anA / ina sAta tattvoM kA jJAna duHkha - nivRtti ke lie anivArya hai| jIva kA mUla lakSya duHkhoM se chuTakArA prApta kara zAzvata sukha - mokSa kI upalabdhi hai| mokSopalabdhi ke lie jina tathyoM kI jAnakArI apekSita hai, ve tathya hI tattva kahalAte haiM / jisa prakAra svatantratA kI prApti ke lie ina sAta tattvoM para vicAra karanA anivArya hai, usI prakAra mokSopalabdhi ke lie saMsAra aura saMsAra ke kAraNa kA jJAna anivArya hai /

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166 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA ina sAta tattvoM meM jIva aura ajIva kA mela hI saMsAra hai, Asrava aura bandha saMsAra ke hetu haiM, mokSa jIva kI zuddha avasthA hai tathA saMvara aura nirjarA usake sAdhana haiN| . jainadarzana kA sAra ukta sAta tattvoM meM samAhita hai| jainadarzana meM anya bAtoM kA jJAna bhale hI ho yA na ho, kintu ukta sAta tattvoM kA zraddhAna-jJAna anivArya batAyA gayA hai| isake abhAva meM bhale hI sampUrNa vAGmaya kA jJAna kyoM na ho, vaha mukti ko prApta nahIM kara sktaa| .. dyAnatarAya ne bhI sAta tattvoM ko uparyukta prakAra se pratipAdita kiyA hai| jIva ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM ve likhate haiM - jo jAnai so jIva hai, jo mAnai so jiiv| jo dekhai so jIva hai, jIvai jIva sadIva / / .. jIvai jIva sadIva, pIva anubhaurasa praanii| . Anandakanda subanda, caMda pUrana sukhdaanii|| .. jo jo dIsai sarva, sarva chinabhaMgura so so| . ... ......... sukha kahi sake na koha, hoi jAkauM jAnai jo||. .... isa cetanA lakSaNa jIva ko vibhinna upamAnoM se sambodhita karate hue, ve likhate haiM - ... gyAnakUpa, * cidrUpa, bhUpa sivarUpa anUpama / . riddha siddha nija vRddha, sahaja samRddha siddha sm|| amala acala avikalpa, ajalpa, analpa, sukhaakr| suddha buddha aviruddha, sugn-gn-mni-rtnaakr|| . utapAta-nAsa-dhruva sAdha sata, sattA daraba su eka hii| . dyAnata AnaMda anubhaudasA, bAta karana kI hai nhiiN||5. ..... (2) ajIva tattva kA nirUpaNa-dyAnatarAyajI ne bhI ajIva tattva ko cetanA lakSaNa se zUnya svIkArA hai| jisameM jJAna-darzana nahIM hai, vahI ajIva tattva hai| jaisA ki. ve likhate haiM - bhAI! aba maiM aisA jaanaa|| ttek|| ... pudgala daraba aceta bhinna hai, merA cetana baanaa|| bhAI / / (3) Amrava tattva kA nirUpaNa- karmoM ke Ane ko Asrava kahA jAtA hai arthAt mohanIya Adi pUrvabaddha karma ke udaya meM utpanna honevAle moha, rAga, dveSAdi vikArIbhAvoM kA nimitta pAkara jJAnAvaraNAdi kArmANa-vargaNAoM

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 167 kA karmarUpa meM AnA Asrava hai| dyAnatarAya ne karmoM ke udaya Adi kI carcA isa prakAra kI hai - karma subhAsubha jo udayAgata, Avata haiM jaba jAnata jnyaataa| pUrava bhrAmaka bhAva kiye bahu, so phala mohi bhayau duHkhdaataa|| so jar3arUpa svarUpa nahIM mama, maiM nija suddha subhAvahi daataa| nAsa karauM pala maiM sabakauM aba, jAya basauM sivakheta vikhyaataa|" (4) baMdha kA nirUpaNa-ba~dhane, aTakane ko baMdha kahate haiM, arthAt moha-rAga-dveSa Adi ke vikArIbhAvoM kA nimitta pAkara jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kA jIva ke pradezoM ke sAtha eka kSetrAvagAhI viziSTa sambandha ho jAnA baMdha kahalAtA hai| - karmoM ke ba~dhane ko duHkhadAyaka batAte hue dyAnatarAyajI likhate haiM - kara-kara Atamahita re praanii| jina pariNAmani baMdha hota, so paranati taja dukhdaanii|| 1 || ___isI prakAra eka anya pada meM ve baMdha kA nAza karane kI bAta karate hue likhate haiM - aba hama amara bhae na mreNge| ... tana kArana mithyAta diyo taji, kyauM kari deha dhreNge|| ...upajai marai kAla taiM prAnI, tAtai kAla hreNge| * rAga doSa jaga baMdha karata hai, inako nAsa kreNge|| 2113 (5) saMvara tattva kA nirUpaNa- Asrava ke nirodha ko saMvara kahate haiM arthAt jJAnAnaMda svabhAvI apane AtmA ko apanatva rUpa se jAnakarapahacAnakara, usameM hI sthiratA ke bala para moha-rAga-dveSAdi azuddhi utpanna na hone, ruka jAne tathA vItarAgatA utpanna ho jAne se navIna karmoM kA AnA ruka jAnA, saMvara kahalAtA hai| ___ saMvara kI carcA karate hue dyAnatarAyajI likhate haiM - mohi kaba aisA dina Aya hai|| ttek|| sakala vibhAva abhAva hohiMge, vikalAtA miTa jAya hai| yaha paramAtama yaha mama Atama, bheda buddhi na rahAya hai| aurana kI kA bAta calAvai, bheda vijJAna palAya hai| jAneM Apa Apa maiM ApA, so vyavahAra vilAya hai|

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168 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA naya paramAna niravepana mAMhI, eka na ausara pAya hai| darasana-jJAna-carana ke vikalapa kaho kahA~ ThaharAya hai| 'dyAnata' cetana cetana hai, pudgala pudgala thAya hai|| mohi||80 (6) nirjarA tattva kA nirUpaNa- khiranA, jhar3anA, krama-krama se naSTa honA nirjarA hai arthAt apane jJAnAnanda svabhAvI AtmA meM vizeSa sthiratA kI kramazaH vRddhi se evaM mohAdi vikAroM kI kramazaH hAni se pUrvabaddha jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kA kramazaH khiranA, jhar3anA, nirjarA kahalAtI hai| karmoM ke khirane kI bAta dyAnatarAya ne bhI yatra-tatra kI hai| jaise ki unhoMne ratnatraya pUjana kI jayamAlA meM nirjarA-tattva kA varNana kiyA hai - jApai dhyAna sudhira bana Avai, tAke karamabandha kaTa jaavai| tAsauM ziva-tiya prIti bar3hAvai, jo samyak ratnatraya dhyAvai / / 91 isI prakAra dazalakSaNa pUjana kI jayamAlA meM bhI nirjarA tattva kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai - karai karama kI nirajarA, bhava pIjarA vinaashi| / ajara-amara pada ko lahai, 'dyAnata' sukha kI rAzi / / 82 (7) mokSatattva kA nirUpaNa - chUTane ko, mukta hone ko mokSa kahate haiM arthAt apane jJAnAnanda svabhAvI AtmA meM pUrNa sthiratA hone se sampUrNa azuddhi kA nAza tathA paripUrNa zuddhi kI pragaTatA kA nimitta pAkara jJAnAvaraNAdi samasta karmoM kA chUTa jAnA, naSTa ho jAnA, akarmarUpa ho jAnA mokSa kahalAtA hai| dyAnatarAya ne cAra ghAtiyA aura cAra aghAtiyA arthAt jJAnAvaraNAdi ATha karmoM ke abhAva kI bAta isa prakAra kI hai| maiM nija Atama kaba dhyaauuNgaa|| rAgAdika parinAma tyAgakai, samatAsau lau laauuNgaa| mana-vaca-kAya joga thira karake, jJAna samAdhi lgaauuNgaa| . kaMbahauM kSapaka zreNi car3hi dhyAU~, cArita moha nshaauuNgaa|| cAroM karama ghAtiyA khana kari paramAtama pada. paauuNgaa|' jJAna daraza sukha bala bhaMDArA, cAra aghAti bhaauuNgaa|| parama niraMjana siddha zuddha pada, paramAnaMda khaauuNgaa| dyAnata yaha sampati jaba pAU~, bahuri na jaga meM aauuNgaa|| maiM ||183

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA:169 isa prakAra dyAnatarAya ne sAtoM tattvoM kA varNana kara heya jJeya va upAdeya tattva batAkara mokSa sukha prApta karane kI preraNA dI hai| ... (2) chaha dravyoM kA nirUpaNa-sat dravya kA : lakSaNa. hai| sat astitva kA vAcI hai| loka meM jitane bhI astitvavAna padArtha haiM, saba sat haiN| sat utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya se yukta rahatA hai| utpAda-utpanna honA, vyaya-vinAza honA, dhrauvya-sthAyitva honA-ye tInoM bAteM pratyeka sat meM yugapat ghaTita hotI haiN| loka meM jitane bhI padArtha haiM, saba pariNamanazIla haiN| unameM prati samaya nayI-nayI avasthAoM kI utpatti hotI rahatI hai, nayI-nayI avasthAoM kI utpatti ke sAtha hI pUrva-pUrva. kI avasthAoM kA vinAza bhI hotA hai, yaha usakA utpAda-vyaya hai| pUrvAvasthA ke vinAza aura nayI avasthA kI utpatti ke bAda bhI padArtha meM sthAyitva banA rahatA hai, yaha avasthiti hI dhrauvya hai| dUdha se dahI banA, dUdha kA vinAza huA, dahI kA utpAda huA tathA gorasa dhrauvya rhaa| ___ utpAda aura vyaya donoM kSaNa-kSayI haiM, vinAzIka haiM tathA dhrauvya sthiratA kA dyotaka hai, ataH utpAda aura vyaya paryAya hai, dhrauvya guNa hai| isa prakAra dravya ko utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya lakSaNavAlA kahanA athavA guNa aura paryAya vAlA kahanA eka hI bAta hai| dravya chaha prakAra ke haiM- jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza, kaal| dyAnatarAya ne chaha dravyoM ke nAma ginAte hue pratyeka dravya meM vidyamAna guNoM kA varNana kiyA hai 15 chahoM dravyoM kI loka meM sattA kA varNana karate hue unhoMne likhA hai ki chahoM dravya tInoM lokoM meM bhare hue haiN|88 . . .:. (3) Atmatattva kA varNana-dyAnatarAyajI ne AtmA kI mahimA gAte hue use kisI bhI prakAra se prApta karane kI bAta kahI hai| ve AtmA ko jAnane ko prerita karate hue likhate haiM - Atama jAno re bhaaii|| jaisI ujjvala ArasI re, taisI Atama jota / kAyA karamana sauM judI re; sabako karai udot|| . zayana dazA jAgRta dazA re, donoM vikalapa ruup| nira-vikalapa zuddhAtamA re, cidAnanda cidruup|| tana baca setI: bhinna kara re, mana sauM nija lvlaay| ... Apa Apa jaba anubhavai re, tahA na mana vckaay||

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170 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA chahauM dravya nava tattva te re, nyAro Atama raam| dyAnata ne anubhava kareM re, te pAvai ziva dhAma / / 87 __ AtmA ko siddhakSetra meM virAjamAna siddha ke samAna batAte hue ve likhate AtmA ko siddha aba hama Atama ko phicaanaa| jaisA siddha kSetra meM rAjai, taisA ghaTa meM jaanaa|| dehAdika paradavya na mere, merA cetana baanaa| dyAnata jo jAnai so sayAnA, nahiM jAnai so ayaanaa|| 2 1188 AtmA kI mahimA gAte hue ve likhate haiM - Atama rUpa anupama hai ghaTa mAhiM viraajai| jAke sumarana jApa sauM, bhava bhava dukha bhAjai ho|| Atama.|| kevala darazana jJAna maiM, thiratA pada chAjai ho| upamA ko tihu~ loka meM, kou vastu na rAjai ho|| sahai. parISaha bhAra jo, ju mahAvrata sAjai ho| jJAna binA ziva nA lahai, bahu karma upAjai ho|| tihu~ loka tihu~ kAla meM, nahi aura ilAjai hoN| dyAnata tAko jAniye, nija svAratha kAjai ho||89 AtmA ke bhAvoM kI carcA karate hue ve likhate haiM ki - cetana ke bhAva doya gyAna au agyAna joya, eka nijabhAva dUjau para utapAta hai| tAte eka bhAva gahau dUjau bhAva mUla dahau, jAtai sivapada lahau yahI ThIka bAta hai| bhAvakau dukhAyau jIva bhAvahI sauM sukhI hoya, bhAvahI kau pheri phe re mokhapura jAta hai| yaha tau nIko prasaMga loka kahaiM sara, AgahIko dAghau aMga Aga hI sirAta hai| isa prakAra dyAnatarAya ne AtmA kI mahimA gAkara use prApta kara mokSa sukha ko prApta karane kI bAta kahI hai; kyoMki AtmA ko jAnane se hI paramparA se mokSa sukha kI prApti hotI hai| (4) ratnatraya kA pratipAdana - samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra ko ratnatraya kaho jAtA hai| mukti kI sAdhanA ke lie ye tInoM Avazyaka haiN|

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___ kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 171 samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, smykcaaritr| ina tInoM kI samanvita ArAdhanA karane para hI mokSa prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| isalie hI AcArya bhagavantoM ne ise triratna arthAt ratnatraya kahA hai| (1) samyagdarzana-tattvArtha zraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam / 92 arthAt sAta tattvoM kA yathArtha zraddhAna hI samyagdarzana hai, ise hI samyaktva bhI kahA jAtA hai| ise viveka dRSTi bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| mithyAtva se abhibhUta jIva sAdhAraNataH satya ko mithyA evaM mithyA ko satya mAnatA hai, kintu isake viparIta satya ko satya evaM mithyA ko mithyA samajhanA, satya para zraddhA rakhanA hI samyagdarzana yA samyaktva hai| samyaktva ke udaya hone para hI jIva kA AdhyAtmika jIvana prArambha hotA hai| phalataH vaha jJeya ko tAttvikarUpa meM jAnakara heya kA parityAga kara upAdeya ko svIkAra karane kI abhiruci yA manobhAvoM se sampanna hokara kramazaH AdhyAtmika mArga meM agrasara hotA rahatA hai| yaha avasthA hI samyagdarzana kI avasthA hai| dyAnatarAya bhI uparyukta prakAra se varNana karate hue likhate haiM ki - basi. saMsAra meM pAyo duHkha apAra / / ttek|| mithyAbhAva hiye dharayo, nahiM jAno samyakacAra / / kAla anAdihi hau rulyoM ho, naraka nigoda mNjhdhaar| suranara pada bahuta dhare pada pada prati Atama dhAra / / jinako phala dukha puMja hai ho, te jAne sukhakAra / bhramapada pAya vikala bhayau, nahiM gahyo satya vyohaar|| jinavAnI jAnI nahIM ho, kugati vinAzanahAra / dyAnata aba saradhA karo, dukha meTi lahyo sukhsaar|| 41193 samyagdarzana ko prApta karane ke lie bhedavijJAna arthAt sva para kA jJAna Avazyaka hai, isako vyakta karate hue dyAnatarAya likhate haiM - aba hama amara bhaye na mreNge||| tana kArana mithyAta diyo taja, kyoM kari deha dhreNge|| upajai mare kAlatai prAnI, tAtai kAla hreNge| rAga doSa jaga baMdha karata haiM inako nAza kreNge|| deha vinAzI maiM avinAzI bhedajJAna pkreNge| nAsI jAsI hama thiravAsI, cokha ho nikhreNge|

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172 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA ... mare anantabAra bina samajheM, aba saba dukha visreNge| .... 'dyAnata' nipaTa nikaTa do Akhara, bani sumarai sumreNge| samyagdarzana ko pAne se pragaTa honevAle ATha guNoM evaM paccIsa doSoM kI bAta karate hue dyAnatarAyajI saMsArI jIvoM ko samyagdarzana pragaTAne hetu prerita karate hue likhate haiM ki - . - Apa Apa nihacai lakhau, tattva prIti vyohAra / . rahita doSa paccIsa haiM, sahita aSTa guna sAra / / samyak darzana-ratana gahIje, jina vaca meM sandeha na kiijai| . iha-bhava vibhava-cAha duHkhadAnI, para bhava bhoga cahai mata praanii|| prAnI gilAna na kari azuci lakhi, dharama guru prabhu prkhiye| para doSa Dhakiye dharama Digate, ko sudhira kara hrkhiye|| : cahu~ saMgha ko vAtsalya kIjai, dharama kI prbhaavnaa| . guna AThasoM guna ATha lahikai ihA~ phera na AvanA / / 95. ... samyagdRSTi ko sukhI batAte hue ve likhate haiM - .. dekhe sukhI smykvaan| ... sukha dukha ko dukharUpa vicArai, dhArai anubhava jnyaan| naraka sAta meM ke dukha bhogaiM, indra lakheM tina maan|| bhIkha mA~gakai udara bharai na kareM cakrI ko dhyAna / tIrthakara pada ko nahiM cAveM, japi udaya aprmaan|| kuSTa Adi bahu vyAdhi dahata na, cahata makaradhvaja thaan| Aghi vyAdhi nirabAdha anAkula, cetanajoti pumAna / dyAnata magana sadA tihiMmAhIM, nAhIM kheda nidAna / / dekheM / 196 __ samyakdarzana se lAbha kI bAta batAte hue dyAnatarAya kahate haiM ki - jagata meM samyak uttama bhaaii|| ttek|| samyakasahita pradhAna naraka meM, dhika zaTha suragati paaii|| zrAvakavrata munivrata je pAlaiM, mamatA buddhi adhikaaii| tinateM adhika asaMjamacArI, jina Atama lava laaii|| paMca parAvartana tai kInai, bahuta bAra dukhdaaii| lakha caurAsi svAMga dhari nAcyau, jJAnakalA nahiM aaii|| samyaka bina tihu~ jaga dukhadAI, jaha~ bhAvai taha~ jaaii| dyAnata samyaka Atama anubhava, sadguru sIkha btaaii|| tIrthakaroga udarakha bhoge,

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 173 (2) samyagjJAna- jJAna to hara jIva meM kisI na kisI prakAra se rahatA hI hai, para jaba taka samyagdarzana prApta nahIM hotA, taba taka vaha jJAna bhI ajJAna yA mithyAjJAna hI rahatA hai| samyagdarzana hone ke pazcAt hI vaha jJAna samyagjJAna hotA hai| jJAna pA~ca prakAra ke hote hai; matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyayajJAna aura kevalajJAna / jo jJAna cakSu Adi indriyoM evaM mana ke sahayoga se hotA hai, use matijJAna kahate haiN| jisameM zabda evaM artha kI paryAlocanA rahatI hai, use zrutajJAna kahate haiN| jisa jJAna meM mana aura indriyoM ke sahayoga kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI, jisake dvArA eka nirdiSTa sImA ke madhya sthita rUpI padArthoM ko jAnA jA sakatA hai, use avadhijJAna kahate haiN| yaha Atmika-jJAna hai tathA jisa jJAna se binA mana aura indriyoM kI sahAyatA ke nirdiSTa sImA ke madhya sthita prANiyoM ke manobhAvoM ko jAnA jAtA hai, use manaHparyayajJAna kahate haiN| yaha bhI Atmika-jJAna hai| jisa jJAna se mAtra AtmA ke dvArA hI sampUrNa loka aura aloka ke bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAnakAla ke rUpI aura arUpI samasta padArthoM ko sampUrNa rUpa se guNa aura paryAya sahita jAnA jAtA hai, vaha kevalajJAna hai| isI bAta ko dyAnatarAyajI bhI kahate haiM ki - paMca bheda jAke pragaTa, jJeya prakAzanabhAna . moha-tapana-hara-candramA, soI samyagjJAna / / 98 samyagjJAna kI mahimA gAte hue dyAnatarAyajI likhate haiM - Apa Apa jAnaiM niyata, grantha-paThana vyohaar| saMzaya-vibhrama-moha bina, aSTa aMga gunakAra / / samyagjJAna-ratana mana 'bhAyA, Agama tIjA naina btaayaa| acchara zuddha artha pahicAno, acchara aratha ubhaya saMga jaano|| jAno sukAla-paThana jinAgama, nAma guru na chipaaie| tapa rIti gahi bahu mAna dekaiM, vinaya-guna cita laaie|| ye ATha bheda karama uche daka, jJAna-darpaNa dekhnaa| isa jJAna hI soM bharata rIjhA, aura saba paTa pekhnaa|| 90 ... samyagjJAna ko jJAna sarovara kI upamA dete hue ve likhate haiM ki - jJAna sarovara soI ho bhvijn|| ttek|| bhUmi chimA karunA marajAdA, sama rasa jala jaha hoii|| parahita lahara harakha jalacara bahu, naya pakati prkaarii|

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174 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA samyak kamala aSTadala guNa haiM, sumana bha~vara adhikArI / saMjama zIla Adi pallava haiM kamalA sumati nivAsI / sujasa suvAsa, kamala paricaya taiM parasata bhrama tama nAsI / / bhava mala jAta nhAta bhavijana kA hota parama sukha jJAtA / 'dyAnata' yaha sara aura na jAnaiM, jAneM viralA jJAtA || 4 || 100 samyagjJAna se hI cAritra samyakcAritra nAma pAtA hai, binA samyagjJAna ke sAre vrata, tapa, saMyama Adi vyartha haiM / zAstroM meM use bAlatapa bhI kahA hai| dyAnatarAya bhI samyagjJAna ko samyakcAritra kA Avazyaka kAraNa batAte hue likhate haiM -- tetI / / * vetI / kArajaM eka brahma hI setI Teka / / aMga saMga nahi bahira bhUta saba dhana dArA sAmagrI sola suraga navagraivika meM dukha sukhita sAta meM tatakA jA ziva kArana munigana dhyAvaiM so tere ghara Ananda khetI / / dAna zIla japa tapa vrata pUjA aphala jJAna bina kiriyA ketI / paMca dakha tote nita nyAre nyArI rAga dveSa vidhi jetI / / tU adinAzI jaga para kAsI 'dyAnata' bhAsI sukalA veti / te jau lAla mana ke vikalapa saba anubhava magana suvidyA etI / / 101 isa prakAra dyAnatarAyajI ne samyagjJAna kI mahimA gAkara samyagjJAna ko saMzaya, viparyaya, anadhyavasAya se pRthak batAkara sarvazreSTha jJAna batAyA hai| isako hI samyakcAritra kA sahacArI kahA hai / (3) samyakcAritra - samyagjJAna ko AcaraNa meM lAnA hI samyakcAritra hai| saMyama, tyAga, indriya nigraha aura zuddha AcaraNa cAritra kahalAtA hai / sAdhuoM ke pA~ca mahAvrata, daza yatidharma, satraha prakAra kA saMyama aura zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata samyakcAritra ke hI antargata hai / cAritra do prakAra kA hotA hai, sarvatyAga aura AMzika yA dezatyAga / sAdhuoM kA tyAga sarvatyAga evaM gRhasthoM kA tyAga AMzika yA deza tyAga kahA jAtA hai| hiMsA, asatya, caurya, abrahmacarya aura parigraha - ina pA~ca AsravoM kA tyAga, zabda, rUpa, rasa, gandha evaM sparza indriyoM ke ina pA~coM prakAroM meM Asakta na honA, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ina cAroM kaSAyoM kA damana yA kSaya karanA evaM mana, vacana aura kAyA kI azubha pravRttiyoM kA nivAraNa karanA, yahI satraha prakAra kA cAritra hai /

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 175 samyagdarzana, jJAna aura cAritra paraspara sApekSa hai arthAt darzana zuddha na hone para jJAna zuddha nahIM ho sktaa| binA jJAna zuddhi ke cAritra zuddha nahIM hotaa| samyagdarzana aura jJAna utpanna hone para bhI samyakcAritra ke binA mukti nahIM hotii| ataH ina tInoM kA paripUrNa vikAsa hone para hI mokSa saMbhava hai| viSaya-kapAyoM ke kAraNa cAritra prApta karanA atyanta kaThina ho jAtA hai| isalie jaina zAstra meM AcaraNa kI vizuddhatA para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| samyakcAritra pUjana meM samyakcAritra ko isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai - Apa-Apa thira niyata naya, tapa saMyama vyohaar| sva para-dayA donoM liye, teraha vidha duHkhahAra / / samyakcArita vacana sa~bhAlau, pA~ca pApa taji ke vrata paalau| paMca samiti traya gupati gahIjai, narabhava saphala karahu tana chiijai|| chIjai sadA tana ko jatana yaha, eka saMjama paalie| bahu rulyo naraka-nigoda mAhIM, viSa-kaSAyani ttaalie|| zubha karama joga sughATa Ayo, pAra ho dina jAta hai| dyAnata dharama kI nAva baiTho, ziva purI kuzalAta hai / / 102 __ isa prakAra dyAnatarAya ne samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ko mukti kA sAkSAt kAraNa batAyA hai| mukti prApta karane ke lie ratnatraya ko pragaTAnA Avazyaka hai| yadi inameM se eka bhI nahIM hai to mukti sambhava nahIM hai| ratnatraya ke mahattva ko batAte hue ve likhate haiM ki - samyak darazana-jJAna-vrata, ina bina mukti na hoya / andha paMgu aru AlasI, jude jalai dava loya / / jApai dhyAna suthira bana Avai, tAke karamabandha kaTa jAvai / tAsoM ziva-tiya prIti bar3hAvai, jo samyakratnatraya dhyAvai / / tAko cahu~gati ke duHkha nAhoM, so na pare bhavasAgara maahiiN| " janama-jarA-mRta doSa miTAvai, jo samyak ratnatraya dhyAvai / / 103 ___arthAt samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra ke binA mukti nahIM hotI hai, usI prakAra jaise andhA vyakti, la~gar3A vyakti evaM AlasI vyakti alaga-alaga rahane para jaMgala meM jalI Aga meM jalakara mara jAte haiM, kintu yadi tInoM milakara sUjha-bUjha se kAma leM to tInoM baca sakate haiN| usI prakAra jo mana ko sthira kara dhyAna karatA hai, usake karmabandhana kaTa jAte haiM

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176 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA tathA ratnatraya ko dhyAnevAlA cAra gati ke duHkha nahIM sahatA hai aura vaha janma, jarA evaM mRtyu ke doSa ko miTA detA hai| (5) mithyAdarzana-jJAna-cAritra kA varNana - yaha jIva anAdikAla se mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna aura mithyAcAritra ke kAraNa duHkhI hai| ina tInoM ke kAraNa cAra gati, caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karate hue janma-maraNa kA duHkha bhoga rahA hai| mithyAdarzanAdi vikArI bhAvoM ke kAraNa vividha saMyogoM ke bIca meM rahate hue bhI ise Aja taka sukha prApta nahIM huaa| binA sIkhe, binA sikhAe hI ye mithyAdarzanAdi anAdikAla se cale A rahe hone ke kAraNa agRhIta mithyAtva kahalAte haiN| inake atirikta inhIM ko puSTa karanevAle anekAneka bAhya kAraNoM meM apanI ajJAnatA se svayaM ulajhakara yA anya ke mAdhyama se ulajhakara yaha jIva ananta duHkha bhoga rahA hai| inheM nayA grahaNa karane ke kAraNa se gRhIta mithyAtva kahalAte haiN| dyAnatarAya ne bhI apane padoM meM gRhIta aura agRhIta mithyAtva kA varNana jagaha-jagaha kiyA hai| (6) navapadArtha kA varNana-jainadharma kA pradhAna lakSya hai AtmA kA vikAsa kara mukti prApta karanA, parantu usake lie yaha jAnanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki AtmA kyA hai? usakA guNa kyA hai? kisa prakAra AtmA saMsArabaddha hokara saMsAra-cakra meM Avartita hote hue duHkha (kaSTa) ko sahana karatA hai aura kisa prakAra isa saMsAra-bhramaNa se mukta huA jA sakatA hai? aura yaha bhI satya hai ki ina saba bAtoM ko jAne binA AtmavikAsa sambhava nahIM hotaa| ataH isa jJAna ke sAdhanarUpa meM jainadarzana ne navatattva (navapadArtha) svIkAra kiye haiN| ve haiM-jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, puNya, pApa, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa / jIva aura ajIva ina do tattvoM meM saMsAra ke samasta padArtha samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| anya sAta tattva yaha vivRta karate haiM ki jIva yA cetana AtmA kisa prakAra ajIva yA jar3a dravya se baddha ho jAtI hai evaM kisa prakAra unase mukta ho sakatI hai| ina nava tattvoM meM sAta tattvoM kA varNana pUrva meM kara Aye haiN| ataH yahA~ puNya evaM pApa kA adhyayana kiyA jA rahA hai| dyAMnatarAya ne puNya evaM . pApa donoM ko nikRSTa batAyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki puNya ho yA pApa donoM hI jIva ko karmabandha ke kAraNa haiM, ataH AtmakalyANa meM bAdhaka haiN| ve likhate haiM ki -

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 177 hama na kisI ke koI na hamArA, jhUThA hai jaga kA vyvhaaraa| tana sambandhI saba parivArA, so tana hamane jAnA nyArA / / puNya * udaya sukha bar3havArA, pApa udaya dukha hota apaaraa| puNya-pApa doU saMsArA, maiM saba dekhana jaannhaaraa|| maiM tihu~ jaga tihu~ kAla akelA, para saMyoga bhayA bahuH melaa| thiti pUrI kara khira khira jAhIM, mere harSa zoka kachu naahiiN|| rAga bhAva te sajjana mAne, dveSabhAva te durjana jaane| rAga-dveSa doU mama nAhIM, 'dyAnata' maiM cetana pada maahiN| 1104 isI prakAra puNya aura pApa ke bheda ko chor3akara donoM ko eka hI mAnakara donoM ko chor3akara mokSa ko pAne kI bAta karate hue ve likhate haiM - mithyAbhAva mithyA lakhau gyAnabhAva gyAna lakhau, kAmabhoga bhAvanasau kAma jorajArikai / parakau milApa tajo Apanapau Apa bhajau, pApa-puNya bheda cheda ekatA vicaarikai|| Atama akAja karai Atama sukAja karai, pAvai bhavapAra mokSa evau bheda dhaarik| bhAtai hU~ kahata hera cetana cetau savera, mere mIta ho nicIta etau kAma saarikai||105 .... isa prakAra puNya ho yA pApa dyAnatarAya donoM ko heya mAnate hai, kyoMki donoM hI saMsAra ko bar3hAnevAle haiM saMsAra meM bhaTakAne vAle haiM, atIndriya sukha ke kAraNa nahIM hai| ataH puNya-pApa donoM heya haiN| pApa puNya donauM baseM, daraba mAMhi bhrama naahiN| dyAnata kIne pApa hai puNya amAnata maahiN| 1108 (7) svAnubhava kA varNana-svAnubhava arthAt samyagdarzana kI prApti ke lie dyAnatarAya ne deva-zAstra-guru ke zraddhAna tathA sAta tattvoM ke zraddhAna ke sAtha-sAtha bhedavijJAna evaM AtmAnubhava ko bhI Avazyaka mAnA hai| AtmAnubhava kI mahimA batAte hue kavi dyAnatarAya preraNA dete haiM - Atama anubhava karanA re bhaaii|| ttek|| jaba lauM bheda jJAna nahiM upajai, janama marana dukha bharanA re|| Atama par3ha nava tattva bakhAne, vrata tapa saMjama dharanA re| Atama jJAna binA nahiM kAraja, jonI-saMkaTa paranA re||

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178 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA sakala grantha dIpaka haiM bhAI, mithyA tamake haranA re| kahA ka% te aMdha puruSa ko, jinheM upajanA maranA re|| dyAnata je bhavi sukha cAhata haiM, tinako yaha anusaranA re| so'haM ye do akSara japakai, bhava-jala pAra utaranA re||17 isa prakAra dyAnatarAyajI kahate haiM ki sampUrNa dvAdazAMgarUpa jinavANI kA mUla jo AtmA kA anubhava hai, tuma use hI prApta kara lo| yaha AtmAnubhava apUrva kalA hai, saMsArarUpI tApa ko zAnta karane ke lie candana kI zalAkA hai| ataH isa jIvana meM ekamAtra AtmAnubhavarUpa apUrvakalA ko hI sIkha lo, kyoMki jaba taka bhedajJAna nahIM hotA, taba taka jIvana-maraNa karanA par3egA, mithyAtvarUpI andhakAra ko harane ke lie sAre grantha dIpaka ke samAna haiN| dyAnatarAyajI kahate haiM ki jo jIva sukha cAhate haiM, unheM so'haM arthAt maiM hI hU~, vaha aisA jJAna-zraddhAna karake bhavasAgara pAra karanA caahie| dyAnatarAyajI bAra-bAra yahI prArthanA karate haiM ki vaha dina kaba AyegA, jaba maiM sAre vibhAva bhAva ko chor3akara bhedavijJAna pUrvaka AtmAnubhava kruuNgaa| ve likhate haiM ki - mohi kaba aisA dina Aye hai|| Teka / / sakala vibhAva abhAva hohiMge, vikalapatA miTa jAya hai| . yaha paramAtama yaha mama Atama, bheda buddhi na rahAya hai|| aurana kI kA bAta calAvai, bheda vijJAna palAya hai| jAnai Apa Apa maiM ApA, so vyavahAra vilAya hai| naya-paramAna nikhepana mAhIM, eka na ausara pAya hai|| darasana jJAna carana ke vikalapa, kaho kahA~ ThaharAya hai| dyAnata cetana cetana dvai hai, pudgala pudgala thAya hai||mohi||108 usI prakAra jaba svAnubhava hotA hai to kyA-kyA hotA hai, usako . vyakta karate hue ve likhate haiM ki - aba hama Atama ko phicaanyau|| ttek|| jaba hI setI moha subhaTa bala, khinaka eka meM maanyo| rAga virodha vibhAva bhaje jhara, mamatA bhAva palAnyau / / darasana jJAna carana meM cetana, bheda rahita paravAnyau / sihi dekheM hama avara na dekhyo, dekhyo so srdhaanyo|

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 179 tAko kaho kaha kaise kari, jA jAnai jima jAnyau / pUravabhAva supanavata dekho, apano anubhava tAnyo / dyAnata so anubhava svAdata hI, janama saphala kari mAnyau / / 109 isI prakAra ve likhate haiM - Atama anubhava kIjai ho|| ttek|| janama jarA aru marana nAzakai, anaMta kAla lauM jIje ho| deva dharama guru kI saradhAkari, kuguru Adi taji diijaiho|| chahoM daraba navatattva parakhakai, cetana sAra gahIjai ho| daraba karama no karama bhinna kari sUkSma dRSTi dharIjai ho|| bhAva karamate bhinna jAnikai buddhi, vilAsa na marIjai ho| Apa Apa jAnai so anubhava, dyAnata ziva kA dIjai ho| aura upAya vanyo nahiM bani hai karai so dakSa karIjai ho|| Atama / / 10 , isa prakAra kavi dyAnatarAya janama-maraNa ke nAza karane meM svAnubhava ko paramAvazyaka mAnate haiN| ve mAnate haiM ki jaba taka dravyakarma, nokarma evaM bhAvakarma se bhinna buddhi nahIM hogii| taba taka svAnubhava nahIM ho sktaa| ataH svAnubhava ke lie svayaM ko dravyakarma, nokarma, bhAvakarma se rahita mAnakara svayaM ko jAnanA hI svAnubhava hai| sandarbha sUcI 1. paNDita AzAdhara kRta sAgara dharmAmRta, adhyAya-1, pada-7 2. paNDita sadAsukha granthamAlA, ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, pRSTha-305 3. AcArya kundakunda kRta pravacanasAra 4. adhyAtma pada saMgraha, prathama bhAga, pRSTha-30, bhajana-53 5. hindI pada saMgraha, pRSTha-119 6. hindI pada saMgraha, bhajana-153, pRSTha-128 7. hindI pada saMgraha, bhajana-162, pRSTha-134 8. dyAnatarAya kRta, chahaDhAlA, caturtha DhAla 9. dyAnatarAya kRta dazalakSaNa pUjana 10. dyAnatarAya kRta dazalakSaNa pUjana 11. dyAnatavilAsa, pRSTha-30, pada-69 12. adhyAtma pada pArijAta, bhajana-584, pRSTha-220 13. hindI pada saMgraha, pRSTha-136

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180 . kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 14. tattvArthasUtra, dvitIya adhyAya, saMsAriNo muktAMzca / 15. tattvArthasUtra, dvIndriyAdayastrasAH / 16. tithi SoDazI, paMda-2 17. hindI pada saMgraha, pRSTha-111, bhajana-132 18. adhyAtma pada saMgraha, prathama bhAga, pRSTha-33, pada-61 19. adhyAtma pada pArijAta, pRSTha-107 20. vahI, pRSTha-108, 21. adhyAtma pada pArijAta, pRSTha-109 22. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, pRSTha-288, 23. vahI, pRSTha-289 24. paNDita hukamacanda bhArilla kRta dharma ke dazalakSaNa, pRSTha-17 25. dyAnatarAya kRta dazalakSaNa pUjana 26. vahI, 27. vahI, 28: vahI, . . . . . . . 29. dhavalA. pustaka-1, khaNDa-1, bhAga-1, sUtra-4, pRSTha-144 30. dyAnatarAya kRta dazalakSaNa pUjana " * 31. dhavalA pustaka-13, khaNDa-5, bhAga-4, sUtra-26, pRSTha-54 32. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, pRSTha-306 33. DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla kRta dharma ke dazalakSaNa; pRSTha-98 34. dyAnatarAya kRta dazalakSaNa pUjana 35. pravacanasAra, tAtparyavRtti TIkA, gAthA-239 . 36. dyAnatarAya kRta dazalakSaNa pUjana-tyAga dharma 37. DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla kRta dharma ke dazalakSaNa 38. dyAnatarAya kRta dazalakSaNa pUjana, 39. vahI 40. dyAnatarAya kRta ArAdhanA pATha, 41. vahI . 42. adhyAtma pada pArijAta, pRSTha-66, 43. vahI, pRSTha-668 44. dyAnatarAya kRta chahaDhAMlA, chaThI DhAla 45. adhyAtma pada saMgraha, prathama bhAga, pRSTha-30, 46. vahI, pRSTha-33 47. dyAnatarAya kRta ArAdhanA pATha 48. dyAnatarAya kRta deva-zAstra-guru pUjana 49. dyAnatarAya kRta zrI vartamAna caubIsI pUjana 50. dyAnatarAya kRta uttama AkiMcanya dharma kA arghya 51. dyAnatarAya kRta uttama brahmacarya dharma kA arghya 52. dyAnatarAya kRta dazalakSaNa pUjana 53. hindI pada saMgraha, pRSTha-126 --- 54. adhyAtma pada saMgraha, prathama bhAga, pRSTha-31 . pUjana

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181 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 55. hindI pada saMgraha, pRSTha-331 56. AdhyAtmika pATha saMgraha, pRSTha-334 57. vahI, pRSTha-336, 58. vahI, pRSTha-342 59. bRhajjinavANI saMgraha - deva pUjA, jayamAlA, pRSTha-228 60. SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka-1, bhAga-1, sUtra-23.pRSTha-191 61. sarvArthasiddhi, adhyAya 6, sUtra-13, pRSTha-331 62. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 150, pRSTha-216 63. kundakundAcArya, niyamasAra, gAthA-172 64. SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 13, sUtra-24, pRSTha-51 65. vahI, pustaka 2, bhAga 1, pRSTha-446 66. vRhadAraNyakopaniSada - 4,14,14 67. muNDakopaniSada - 3,2,9 68. bhagavadgItA - 2-55,56 69. hiriyannA ema., bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pRSTha-154 70. vahI, pRSTha-15 71. sAMkhyakArikA, 67 72. brahmasUtra, zAMkara bhASya, 1, 1, 21, naiSkarmya siddhi 4,5,8 73. dyAnata pada saMgraha, pada-13 74. AdhyAtmika pATha saMgraha, chanda-9, pRSTha-340 75. vahI, chanda-3, pRSTha-341 76. adhyAtma pada pArijAta, chanda-407, pRSTha-145 77. adhyAtma pATha saMgraha, chanda-65, pRSTha-142 78. hindI pada saMgraha, chanda-134, pRSTha-112 79. vahI, chanda-137, pRSTha-114 80. adhyAtma pada pArijAta, chanda-319, pRSTha-142 81. dyAnatarAya kRta ratnatraya pUjana 82. dyAnatarAya kRta dazalakSaNa pUjana 83. AdhyAtika pada saMgraha, pada-69, pRSTha-338 84. sat dravyalakSaNam, tattvArthasUtra, a. sU. 85. dravyAdi caubola-pacIsI, pada-23 86. dravyAdi caubola-pacIsI, pada-20 87. hindI pada saMgraha, pada-133, pRSTha-111 88. vahI, pada-136, pRSTha-113 89. vahI, pada-166, pRSTha-136

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182 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 90. upadeza zataka, pada-107 91. gaNeza lalavAnI racita, jainadharma va darzana, pRSTha-127 92. umAsvAmI kRta tattvArthasUtra, sUtra-2, adhyAya prathama 93. adhyAtma pada pArijAta, pRSTha-76 94. vahI 95. dyAnatarAya kRta ratnatraya pUjana 96. AdhyAtmika pada saMgraha, pada-81, pRSTha-338 97. hindI pada saMgraha, dyAnatarAya ke pada 98. dyAnatarAya kRta ratnatraya pUjana 99. vahI 100. adhyAtma pada pArijAta, pRSTha-84 101. vahI, pRSTha-85 102. dyAnatarAya kRta samyakcAritra pUjana 103. dyAnatarAya kRta ratnatraya pUjana 104. adhyAtma pada saMgraha, pRSTha-36 105. AdhyAtmika pATha saMgraha, pRSTha-342 106. zikSA paMcAsikA, pada-45 107. adhyAtma pada pArijAta, pRSTha-143 108. vahI, pRSTha-142, 109. vahI, pRSTha-143, 110. vahI, pRSTha-146 (AdinAtha arahanta Adi guru) bhramyojI bhramyo, saMsAra mahAvana, sukha to kabahuM na paayojii| pudgala jIva eka kari jAnyo, bheda jJAna na suhAyo jii|| mana-vaca-kAya jIva saMhAro, jhUTho vacana banAyo jii| corI karake haraSa bar3hAyo, viSaya bhoga grbaayojii|| narakamAhiM chedana-bhedana bahu, sAdhAraNa basi Ayo jii| garabha janama narabhava duHkha dekhe, deva marata bilalAyo jii|| dyAnata aba jinavacana sunai maiM, bhavamala pApa bhaayojii| AdinAtha arahanta Adi guru, caranakamala citlaayojii||

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paMcama adhyAya dyAnatarAya ke kAvya meM abhivyakta kalApakSa 'rasAtmakaM vAkyaM kAvyam' arthAt rasAtmaka vAkya ko kAvya kahA jAtA hai aura zAstra zabda se tAtparya hai-Adeza, dharma, darzana, vijJAna, sAhitya, kalA Adi sambandhI grnth| jinake dvArA mAnava samAja tathA jIvana ke vibhinna kSetroM kI sthiti aura rakSA kI pratyakSa athavA parokSa rUpa se zikSA milatI hai| zAstrIya zabda kA abhiprAya hai-zAstrasammata shaastraanumodit| kAvyazAstra vastutaH pAribhASika zabda ke rUpa meM vyavahRta hai| saMskRta paramparA meM sampUrNa vAGmaya ko zAstra tathA kAvya ke do svatantra prakAroM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| kAvyazAstrIya AcArya rAjazekhara ne kAvyavidhA ko pandrahavA~ sthAna diyA hai| cAra-veda, chaha-vedAMga, cAra-zAstra arthAt caudaha-vidhAoM kA ekamAtra AdhAra kAvyavidhA ko mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra kAvyazAstrIya zabdayugma se abhiprAya hai-kAvyatattvoM-aMgoM se sambandhita muulymaan| inameM bhAva aura kalA do pramukha pakSa mAne gaye haiN| bhAvapakSa meM viSayabodha, rasa nirUpaNa tathA prakRti-citraNa sammilita hai; jabaki kalApakSa meM alaMkAra, chanda, bhASA-zailI Adi ve sabhI tattva samAviSTa haiM, jinake sahayoga se bhAvoM meM utkarSa utpanna hotA hai| ina sabakA kramAnusAra vivecana nimnAMkita hai (1) bhASA-kavi dyAnatarAya ne apane lekhana meM prayukta bhASA ko kisI vizeSa nAma se sambodhita na karake mAtra 'bhASA' zabda se abhihita kiyA hai| isa sambandha meM unake kathana daSTavya haiM - * * akSara jJAna na mohi, chanda bheda samajhU nhiiN| .." mati thor3I kima hoya, bhASA akSara baabnii|| kavi ne tatkAlIna bhASA meM sAhitya kI racanA isalie kI, tAki jo loga buddhi kI hInatA se saMskRta bhASA meM likhe gaye granthoM ko nahIM par3ha sakate haiM, ve dezabhASA meM unheM par3ha skeN| isI kAraNa dyAnatarAya ne dezabhASA meM kAvya kI racanA kii| yaha spaSTa hai ki kavi ne dharma bhAvanA ke kAraNa dezabhASA meM apane granthoM kI racanA kI hai| ina racanAoM meM dezabhASA unakI hai tathA viSayavastu . paramparAgata hai| dezabhASA se kavi kA Azaya tatkAlIna loka pracalita vikAsazIla

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184 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA bhASA se hai| jahA~ eka ora yaha bhASA bolacAla kI bhASA thI, vahIM dUsarI ora sAhitya kI bhI bhASA thii| isa bhASA ko alpabuddhi bhI par3ha sakate haiN| - isa prakAra kavi dvArA prayukta bhASA vastutaH AgarA, gvAliyara Adi vizAla hindI bhASI pradeza kI lokabhASA va sAhityika bhASA 'brajabhASA' hI hai; kyoMki usa samaya loka evaM sAhitya kI pracalita bhASA brajabhASA hI thii| yadyapi kavi dvArA prayukta bhASA brajabhASA hI hai, phira bhI usameM aneka videzI bhASAoM ke zabda dikhAyI dete haiN| sAtha hI kahIM-kahIM sthAnIya bhASA ke zabda (dezI zabda) tathA khar3I bolI kI samIpatA bhI dRSTigata hotI hai| yadyapi mUlataH kavi kRta racanAoM kI bhASA zuddha sAhityika brajabhASA hai, tathApi vaha bhASA sabhI racanAoM meM eka jaisI nahIM hai| usameM uttarottara vikAsa ke darzana hote haiN| unakI bhASA meM bahutAyata se dezI-videzI bhASAoM ke aneka zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| zabdoM kA yaha prayoga kahIM to apanI prakRti ke anusAra jyoM kA tyoM kiyA gayA hai to kahIM hindI bhASA kI prakRti ke anusAra yatheccha parivartana karake kiyA gayA hai| kavi kI bhASA kA pUrNa vikasita aura parimArjita praur3harUpa caracAzataka evaM dyAnatavilAsa kRtiyoM meM milatA hai| dyAnatarAya ke samaya meM brajabhASA eka vizAla bhUbhAga kI bhASA bana cukI thii| usakA sAhitya meM paryApta prayoga hone lagA thaa| sAtha hI rAjadarabAroM meM bhI ucita sammAna diyA jAne lagA thaa| vaha deza kI samasta bhASAoM meM lokabhASA ke rUpa meM zIrSa sthAna para pratiSThita hone kI adhikAriNI bana gayI thii| isalie dyAnatarAya ne apane sAhitya kI racanA brajabhASA meM hI kii| dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya kI bhASA sarala brajabhASA hai| yaha brajabhASA kI una saba vizeSatAoM se yukta hai, jo brajabhASA meM pAyI jAtI haiN| dyAnatarAya dvArA prayukta brajabhASA kI katipaya viSezatAyeM nimnalikhita haiM - (1) AkArAnta ke sthAna para. okArAnta yA aukArAnta kA prayoga dikhAyI detA hai| yathA Ayo, bar3o, bhalo aadi| (2) e ke sthAna para ai kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| jaise- lahai, sunai, jAne, dharai aadi| . (3) saMyukta vargoM ko svara vibhakti ke dvArA alaga karane kI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai| yathA-paravIna, niradhAra, sat saMgati, kalpita, visatAra, zabada, parasiddha, pArasa, janama, padAratha Adi /

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 185 (4) saMyukta varNoM ko saMyukta aura pRthak donoM rUpoM meM likhA gayA haibharama aura bhrama, padAratha aura padArtha, paramAna aura pramAna, vikalapa aura vikalpa aadi| (5) mukha-sukha yA uccAraNa suvidhA ke kAraNa saMyukta vargoM meM se eka kA lopa kara diyA hai| stuti ko thuti, cetya ko caita, sthAna ko thAna, dyuti kA duti, sthiti ko thiti, svarUpa ko sarUpa, stambha ko thaMbha, duSTa ko duTha, sthiratA ko thiratA aadi| (6) prAyaH saMyukta varNoM kA saralIkaraNa karane ke lie Adhe varNa ko pUrA karake rakhA gayA hai, jisameM uccAraNa sambandhI suvidhA huI hai| yathA - mAraga, saravAratha, zukala, saradhAna, sumarana, vighana, alapa aadi| __cUMki dyAnatarAya kI bhASA brajabhASA hai, isalie unhoMne dUsarI bhASA ke zabdoM ko grahaNa karate samaya unakI dhvaniyoM ko apanI prakRti ke anusAra DhAla liyA hai| dhvaniyoM kA yaha parivartana dRSTavya hai-Sa ko sa meM bdlnaa| jaise-vilAsa, sIsa, sasi, sunna, nirAsa, sArada, sara aadi| Nako na meM parivartita karanA - prAna, tArana, guna, tuna, carana, saMrana, purAna, puNya, prAnI, vAnI, dazalAchanI aadi| kSa ke sthAna para cha ko prayoga karanA - paMchI, chIna, china, lachamI, parataccha, chobha, lacchana ityaadi| . kahIM-kahIM 'va' varNa kA kArya 'o' aura 'u' kI mAtrA se nikAlA gayA hai| jaise-vibhau (vaibhava) bhauna (bhavana) pauna (pavana) parabhau (parabhava) gauna (gavana) dhujA (dhvajA) dhuni (dhvani) suraga (svarga) Adi / badale varNoM vAle zabdoM kA dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM bahulatA se prayoga huA hai| yathA-jama (yama) parajAya (paryAya) jovana, (yauvana) lacchana (lakSaNa) lacchamI (lakSmI) upagArI (upakArI) kArimA (kAlimA) loyana (locana) lAha (lAbha) riSabha (RSabha) ityaadi| dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM mAtrA bar3e hue zabda bhI pAye jAte haiN| yathA - jihAna (jahAna), dinA (dina) lAge (lage) nIsatAre (nisatare) china (kSaNa) pichatAyA (pachatAyA) ityaadi| 1. pUjana sAhitya kI bhASA-dyAnatarAya kRta pUjanoM kI bhASA sarala evaM prabhAvAtmaka hai| madhuratA aura sarasatA usameM sarvatra vidyamAna hai| prasAdaguNa usakI mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA hai| vaha komalakAnta padAvalI samanvita hai| zabdoM

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186 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA kA prayoga sArthaka, subodha evaM svAbhAvika rUpa meM huA hai| sugaThita zabda yojanA, bhASAgata dhvanyAtmakatA evaM lAkSaNikatA sarvatra darzanIya hai| zabda samUha-zabdoM ke srota ke rUpa meM dyAnatarAya kRta pUjanoM meM tatsama, tadbhava, dezaja, videzI Adi sabhI prakAra ke zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| tatsama-mahimA, maMgala, vigata, pUjA, udyama, kamala, anupama, dhyAna, bhakti, zakti, kathA, zoka, bhramara, samudra, upamA, udyAna, nadI, parvata, giri, nagara, zAstra, nirgrantha, zikhara, darpaNa, gRha, brahmacarya, tRSNA aadi| tadbhava-parajAya, sumirana, parIzaha, uchAva, sAMjha, bhAkhA, joga, visana, AcAraja, baranata, acchara, thAra, ma~jhAra, viraci, nirakhi, thuti, niThura, duti, paravIra, saradhA, agani aadi| dezI-lADU, heTha, paThAyau, paiDa, tisAye, bAr3ha, buhArI, risa, araka, sAMcA, putalA, caukhuTa aadi| videzI-pIra, jarA, gumAna, parahA ityaadi| (2) caracA zataka kI bhASA-dyAnatarAya dvArA racita caracA zataka kI bhASA sApha sutharI aura sAhityika brajabhASA hai| usameM saMskRta ke zabdoM kA prayoga isa prakAra huA hai - tadbhava zabda-caracAzataka meM kavi dyAnatarAya dvArA prayukta tadabhava zabda nimnalikhita haiM-saravagya, daraba, sasi, kirora cyAri, AcAraja uvajhAya, pacchima, dacchina, jojana, guNadhAna, suraga pharasa, parakAra, sUcchama, kAramAna, gyaan| prAkRtAbhAsa zabda-caracA zataka meM katipaya prAkRtAbhAsa zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai; jo ki nimna haiM - chaThe, igyArai guNathAna, mokha, cakkhU acakkhU / dezaja zabda-caracA zataka meM prAdezika yA kSetrIya zabdAvalI ke rUpa meM dezaja zabdoM kA prayoga aneka sthAnoM para huA hai| yathA-bhoMdU, DhIla, DorI, patAsA, khorI, kharI aadi| videzI zabda-dyAnatarAya ne caracAzataka meM arabI, phArasI Adi videzI bhASAoM ke zabdoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| jaise-salAha, mAphika, khAtira, khalAsa, ilAja, nizAnI, najara, nAhaka Adi / zataka, bAvanI evaM aSTaka sAhitya kI bhASA kavi dvArA racita jakar3I, AratI, vinatI Adi se sambandhita prakIrNa

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 187 pada yA phuTakara racanAoM meM pUrva racanAoM kI taraha bhASA kA vaiziSTya dikhAyI detA hai| inameM bhI tatsama, tadbhava evaM videzI zabda upalabdha hote haiM, jinakA vivaraNa nimnAMkita hai tatsama zabda- trikAla, praNamAmi, akSata, ghoza, prohita, nispRha, sUtra, pallava, prekSaNIya, kimapi aadi| tadbhava-zabda- dullabha-durlabha, pohapa-puSpa, kIrA-kITa, bIjurI-vidyuta, sIrI-zIta, cahu~gati-cartugati, pAsa-pArzva, kor3ha-kuSTa, viMtara-vyaMtara, Adi / dezaja zabda- dukhiyA-dukhI, bigAra-hAni, peMTha-choTA aura thor3e samaya kA bAjAra, Dhiga-pAsa meM, goTa-jhur3a, aghorI-ghinaune kAma karane vAlA, okhara-upakaraNa, burajI-gumbada, Ache-accha, jivAye-bhojana karAyA, bATa-patha, paur3hanA-sonA, leTanA, bega-zIghra, aradAsa-prArthanA, thAlI-pAtra vizaSa, silagai-prajvalita honA ityaadi| . videzI zabda- badaboI (badabU phArasI viSezaNa) khumArI (arabI, phArasI viSezaNa) Akhira (arabI, phArasI vizeSaNa) divAnA (phArasI saMjJA pulliMga) amala (arabI saMjJA, pulliMga) araja (arja, arabI saMjJA strIliMga) gAphila (arabI saMjJA, pulliMga) naphA (phArasI saMjJA pulliMga) khayAla (khyAla, arabI saMjJA pulliNg)| guNavyaMjaka padAvalI-sAhityakAroM ne rasAtmaka kAvya ke tIna guNa mAne haiM-mAdhurya, oja aura prasAda / mAdhurya guNa ke abhivyaMjaka varNa T, Th, D, da ko choDakara antyavargoM se saMyukta ka se ma paryanta 21 varNa haiN| oja guNa ke vyaMjaka varNa ka, ca, Ta, ta, pa, ga, ja, Da, da, ba, varNa apane varga ke prathama varNa ke antya varNa gha, jha, Dha, dha, bha, ke saMyoga se nirmita pada haiM arthAt oja guNa meM varga ke pahale va dUsare varNoM tathA tIsare va cauthe vargoM kA yoga hotA hai| arthAt prasAda guNa ke abhivyaMjaka ve varNa haiM, jinakA arthajJAna zravaNa mAtra se ho jAtA hai| prasAda guNa meM vargoM kA koI niyama nahIM hai| (1) mAdhurya guNa-zRMgAra, zAnta, bhakti evaM vAtsalya rasAtmaka sthaloM para mAdhurya guNa kA saundarya abhivyakta huA hai| yathA - jaisI ujjvala ArasI re, taisI asama jota / kAyA karamana sau judI re, sabako karai udot| zayana dazA jAgRta dazA re, donoM vikalapa ruup| nira vikalapa zuddhAtmA re, cidAnanda cidup||'

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188 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA ( 2 ) oja guNa - vIra, vIbhatsa, bhayAnaka aura raudra rasAtmaka sthaloM para ojaguNa prakaTa huA hai| tajata aMga aradhaMga, karata thira aMga paMga mana / lakhi umaMga saravaMga, tajata vacanani taraMga mana / / jita anaMga thiti saila siMga, gahi bhAvaliMga vara / tapa turaMga car3hi samara raMga raci, kAma jaMga kari / / ari jhaTTa jhaTTa mada haTTa kari, saTTa saTTaM caupaTTa kiya / kari aTTha na bhava kaTTa dahi, saTTa saTTa siva saTTa liya / / (3) prasAda guNa - samAsa, saMyuktAkSara aura tatsama zabdoM se rahita sarala evaM subodha zabdAvalI meM prasAda guNa dikhalAI detA hai / yathA 'mauna rahaiM vanavAsa gahaiM, vara kAma dahaiM ju sahaiM dukhabhArI / pApa haraiM sumarIti karaiM, jinavaina dharaiM hirade sukhakArI / / deha tapaiM bahu jApa japaiM, na vi Apa japa mamatA visatArI / te muni mUr3ha karaiM jagarUTha, lahai nijageha na cetana dhArI / / * zabda zaktiyA~ - dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM vAcaka, lakSaka aura vyaMjaka zabdoM dvArA vAcyArtha, lakSyArtha aura vyaMgyArtha ko prakaTa karane vAlI kramazaH abhidhA, lakSaNA, vyaMjanA- tInoM zaktiyA~ dRSTigocara hotI hai / (ka) abhidhA zakti - siddhAnta kathano meM, zAnta aura bhaktirasa ke prasagoM meM abhidhAzakti sarvAdhika prayukta huI hai / yathA maiM deva nita arahaMta cAhU~, siddha kA sumirana karU~ / maiM sUra guru muni tIna pada ye, sAdhu pada hiradaya dharU~ / / maiM dharma karuNAmayI cAhU~, jahA~ hiMsA racaM nA / maiM zAstra jJAna virAga cAhU~, jAsu meM parapaMca nA / / " (kha) lakSaNA zakti dyAnatarAya ne jahA~ eka ora pRthak rUpa se lakSyArtha ko prakaTa karane ke lie lakSaNAzakti kA prayoga kiyA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora kathAnaka, siddhAntakathana Adi ke bIca-bIca meM prayukta muhAvare evaM lokoktiyoM ke mAdhyama se bhI lakSaNAzakti kA vyavahAra kiyA hai| cU~ki lokoktiyA~ aura muhAvare vAcyArtha se bhinna lakSyArtha ko hI prakaTa karate haiM, isalie unakA nirUpaNa lakSaNAzakti ke antargata hI AtA hai| yadyapi

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 189 dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM prayukta muhAvare aura lokoktiyoM kA vistRta vivecana pRthakpa se kiyA gayA hai, tathApi bAnagI ke rUpa meM udAharaNa dRSTavya hai. pAya cintAmana ratana zaTha, chipata udadhi ma~jhAra / aMdha hAtha baTera AI, tajata tAhi ga~vAra / / (ga) vyaMjanAzakti - dyAnatarAya ne vyaMgyArtha ko prakaTa karane ke lie vyaMjanAzakti kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| udAharaNasvarUpa unake eka bhajana meM dRSTavya hai - re mana bhaja - bhaja dIna dayAla, jAke nAma leta ika khina meM, kaTai koTi agha jAla / / re mana / / ' zabda yojanA zabdoM kA ucita aura saTIka prayoga bhASA ko sundara, sazakta aura prabhaviSNu banAtA hai| dyAnatasAhitya meM zabdoM kI yojanA bhAva evaM prasaMga ke anusAra hI kI gaI hai| udAharaNArtha - - dhAma tajata dhana tajata, tajata gaja vara turaMga ratha / nAri tajata nara tajata, tajata bhuvapati pramAdapatha / / Apa bhajata agha bhajata, bhajata saba doSa bhayaMkara / moha tajata mana tajata, sajata dala kama satru para / / saMjJA - dyAnatarAya dvArA racita vibhinna racanAoM meM prayukta tatsama, tadbhava, dezaja aura videzI zabdoM kA vivaraNa dete hue aneka saMjJA zabdoM kA ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai| sarvanAma - dyAnatarAya sAhitya meM prayukta sarvanAmoM kA svarUpa prAyaH brajabhASA kA hai, kintu katipaya sarvanAma zabdoM kA svarUpa Adhunika khar3I bolI kA bhI vyavahRta huA hai| udAharaNArtha karma va sampradAna meM braja ke 'mohi, muhi, tohi, tuhi' Adi rUpoM ke sAtha khar3I bolI ke 'mujhako, mokUM tokUM' Adi rUpa prApta hote haiN| kahIM-kahIM vizeSakara padya meM 'tAhi bhI dikhAI par3a jAtA hai / 'jinheM, tinheM, kinheM ke sthAna para jinako, tinako, kinako prayoga meM lAye gaye haiM, jo brajabhASA kI apekSA khar3I bolI ke adhika nikaTa haiM /

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA dyAnatarAya dvArA prayukta sarvanAma nimnAMkita haiM - 1. uttamapuruSa ekavacana - meM, hoM, mohi, mo, mere, mujhako, moMko, mero, mokUM, merA, merI, mero, merA, merayo, hamAre, hamAra, hamArA / 190 2. uttamapuruSa bahuvacana - hama, nija, apane, hamako, hamakoM, hamArA, hamAre hamAro / 3. madhyamapuruSa ekavacana - tU tU, taiM, tUne, tuma, tA, tokU~, tohi, tero, terA, tere / 4. madhyamapuruSa bahuvacana- tuma, tumako, tumakoM, tumakU~, tumhArA, tumAre, tumako, tumakauM / 5. anya puruSa ekavacana - so, vA, vaha, tA, tisa, jA, je, jisa, isa, yA, yahi, yahu, yaha, jo, jihi, kou, koU, tAko, tAkoM, tAhi, jAko, jAko, jAkA, yAkoM, tAkU~, tAkA, tAke, tAkI, tAkai, jAkA, jAkai, jAkI, jAkeM, yAkA, yAke, yAkI, yAkai, vAkai / 6. anya puruSa bahuvacana - tai, teI, tina, tini, jai, ve ina, una, e, keI, sarva, saba, tinhe, tyoM, tinako, bA, bina, unahI, ye, ina iha, yehI, yAte, ihu, yahaiM, ete, jinako jinakau, tinako, tinakau, inako, sabanikU~ sabakU~, tinakA, tinikA, tinikai, jinakA, jinake, jinakai, inakA inakai, unakA, unakI, unakai, sabakA, sabanikA Adi / (1) kAraka evaM vibhaktiyA~ hindI vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se mImAMsA karane vAle granthoM meM kAraka aura vibhaktiyoM ke sambandha meM bahuta bhrama hai| kAraka aura vibhakti do alaga-alaga cIjeM haiN| kArakoM kA sambandha kriyA se hai| vAkya meM prayukta vibhinna padoM kA kriyA se jo sambandha hai, use kAraka kahate haiN| ina prayukta padoM kA ApasI sambandha bhI kriyA ke mAdhyama se hotA hai / unakA kriyA se nirapekSa svatantra sambandha nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra vAkyaM racanA kI prakriyA meM kAraka eka pada kA dUsare pada se sambandha tattva kA bodhaka hai arthAt vaha yaha batAtA hai ki vAkya meM eka pada kA dUsare pada se kyA sambandha hai / bhASA meM isa sambandha ko batAnevAlI vyavasthA vibhakti kahalAtI hai arthAt jina pratyayoM yA zabda se isa sambandha kI pahacAna hotI hai, use vibhakti kahate haiM / isa prakAra vibhakti aura kAraka chaha mAne haiN| isameM eka-eka kAraka ke lie eka-eka vibhaktiyA~ sunizcita kara dI gayI haiM / yathA - kartA-prathamA, karma - dvitIyA, karaNa - tRtIyA, sampradAna-caturthI, apAdAna - paMcamI, adhikaraNa- saptamI / SaSThI

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 191 ke sambandha meM unakA spaSTa nirdeza hai- 'zeSe SaSThI' / sambandha ko batAne ke atirikta dUsare kArakoM ko batAne ke lie bhI SaSThI kA prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| 'zeSe SaSThI kA abhiprAya yahI hai, parantu hindI ke vyAkaraNa meM sambandha ko kAraka mAna liyA gayA hai aura usake lie SaSThI vibhakti sunizcita kara dI gayI hai / isI prakAra sambodhana ko bhI eka vibhakti dI jAtI hai; jo ki vAstava meM galata hai| jahA~ taka kArakoM ke aitihAsika vikAsa kA sambandha hai, kArakoM kI sthiti pratyeka bhASA meM aparivartanazIla hai; kyoMki unakA sambandha vAkyoM meM prayukta padoM kI vivakSA se hai| hA~, isa vivakSA ko batAne vAlI bhASAyI vyavasthA meM vinimaya yA parivartana sambhava hai| udAharaNa ke lie jaba hama kahate haiM ki saMskRta ke bAda prAkRta meM- apabhraMza meM kartA, karma aura sambandha kI vibhaktiyoM kA lopa ho gayA to isakA artha yaha nahIM ki ina kArakoM kA lopa ho gayA hai| kAraka to jyoM ke tyoM haiN| hA~, unakI sUcaka vibhaktiyoM ke pratyayoM kA lopa ho gayA arthAt binA bhASA sambandhI pratyayoM ke unake kAraka tattva kA pratyaya jJAna ho jAtA hai| 1. kartAkAraka - dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM kartAkAraka kA prayoga 'ne' cihna ke lopa ke rUpa meM milatA hai / yathA dyAnata kIjyo ziva kheta bhUmi samarapatu hoM / dyAnata lInoM nAma yahI bhagati ziva sukha karai / 110 2. karma kAraka karma kAraka ke prayoga meM kahIM-kahIM - ko, kau, pai, kai, so pratyayoM kA prayoga milatA hai / yathA- puruSa ko, Atama ko, ko, debana kau, caraNa kau, mana kau, prema kau, jiya kau Adi / saba pratimA 3. karaNa kAraka-karaNa kAraka ke prayoga 'sau' pratyaya se yukta pAye jAte haiM tathA isa niyama ke yatra-tatra apavAda bhI dRSTavya haiM / yathA jinasauM milanA phera bicharanA tinasau kesI yArI / 11 4. sampradAna kAraka sampradAna kAraka meM kauM, sau, kauM Adi cihnoM kA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai / yathA yA jaga mAhiM tujhe tArana ko, kArana nAva bakhAnI / dyAnata so gahiye nihacai saiM, huje jyoM zivathAnI || 12 5. apAdAna kAraka apAdAna kAraka meM soM, teM cihna pAye jAte haiM / jina pariNAmani bandha hota soM pariNati taja dukhadAyI / 13 6. sambandha kAraka isa kAraka ke cihna kA, kI, ke, kai, kau haiM, yathA -- - -- - - _

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192 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA jinakA kavi dvArA sarvatra hI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yathA - dIpaka kI jyoti prakAza, tuma tana mAhiM lasa / / 7. adhikaraNa kAraka - adhikaraNa kAraka ke cihna mAhiM, meM, maiM, pai, para dyAnata sAhitya meM sarvatra hI prApta hote haiN| kabhI-kabhI saptamI vibhakti ke prayoga meM zabda para e, ai kI mAtrA lagI huI milatI hai| yathA - eka ika zIza para eka jinmndirN| U~ce pA~ca zataka para bhAkhai, cAroM nandana vana abhilAkhai / / 15 8. sambodhana kAraka - sambodhana kAraka ke lie dyAnata sAhitya meM hai, rai, are, vIra, vIrA, he, rI bhAI - ityAdi zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| isa prakAra ke sambodhana meM nItiparaka evaM bhaktipUrNa carcA huI hai| yathA - dekhau bhAI Atama rAma viraajai| kara kara Atamahita re praannii||7 kriyApada - dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM prayukta kriyApada nimnalikhita haiM - (1) vartamAna kAlika kriyA - ThAr3e haiM, vandauM, kaho, praNamAni, kare haiN| .. (2) bhUtakAlika kriyA - dInI, kInI, lInI, khoyo, royo, diyo, gayo, bhaI, huA, AyI, AyA, pAI, pAyA, bhaye, dekhyA, pekhyA, hasyo, bhajyo, milyaa| __(8) bhaviSyat kAlika kriyA - milegA, pAvegA, pUchate haiM, heMge, leMge, hoyegI Adi haiN| (4) AjJArthaka kriyAe~ - taja, bhaja, hAla, jora, chora, kIje, lIje, vicArauM, sidhArauM, bisArauM, dIjie, suneM, sunhuuN| saMskRta ke ktvA pratyaya se bane hue rUpoM ko kavi dvArA i, ya lagAkara banAyA gayA hai| jaise - Ai, Aya, dhari, mAnI, jaanii| dyAnata sAhitya meM vyavahRta kriyAoM kA rUpa brajabhASA, khar3I bolI tathA kannaujI se milatA huA pAyA jAtA hai, tathApi vizleSaNa kI dRSTi se dekhane para prAyaH brajabhASA kA prabhAva padoM meM tathA khar3I bolI kriyAoM kA prabhAva nIti sambandhI kavitta, savaiyA, dohA nAmaka chandoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| saMskRta ke vibhakti yukta rUpa bhI katipaya kriyAoM meM parilakSita hote haiN| yathA - narendraM phaNIndraM surendra adhIsaM, zatendraM su pUjai bhajai nAya shiishN|" dyAnata sAhitya meM saMyukta kriyAoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai| isa prakAra kavi kA.bhASA vyavahAra prAcInatA aura navInatA kA samanvaya karane vAlA tathA vividha rUpa vAlA rahA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM dyAnatarAya ne hindI bhASA ke samagra

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 193 rUpoM ke sAtha-sAtha saMskRta, apabhraMza, arabI, phArasI, urdU Adi ke zabdoM evaM tatsambandhI kriyAoM kA vyAkaraNa saMgata prayoga saphalatA pUrvaka kiyA hai| kula milAkara mahAkavi dyAnatarAya kI bhASA viSaya ke anukUla hokara bhAva pravaNatA va manoraMjakatA se yukta hai| usameM sarasatA, komalatA, madhuratA, subodhatA, sArthakatA Adi guNa pAye jAte haiN| sAtha hI viSayAnukUla prasAda, oja va mAdhurya guNa kA samAveza hai| nAdasaundarya ke sAdhana, chanda, tuka, gati, yati, laya Adi kA sundara tathA muhAvare aura lokoktiyoM kA saphala prayoga pAThaka ko mantramugdha kara detA hai| isa prakAra dyAnatarAya kI bhASA sarvatra bhAva evaM viSaya ke anukUla hokara prabhAvakArI bana par3I hai| (2) chanda vidhAna chanda kA artha aura paribhASA -::. . veda samasta vidhAoM kA mUla hai| veda ke chaha aMgoM meM chanda ko veda kA eka aMga svIkAra lenA hI usake mahattva kA paricAyaka hai| chanda zabda chad dhAtu se banA hai| isakA artha hai- bA~dhanA yA AcchAdana krnaa| jo ba~dhA huA ho, niyamita ho aura AhlAdita kare, vaha chanda kahA jA sakatA hai| chanda ke bAre meM chanda prabhAkara meM isa prakAra kahA gayA hai - matta varaNa gati yati niyama, anta hI samatA bnd| jA pada racanA meM mile, bhAnu bhanata suicchanda / / . bhAnu bhanata prati chanda. meM, caraNa hota haiM caar| ghaTa bar3ha vizamani chanda meM, kavijana leta vicAra / / 18 varNoM yA mAtrAoM kI saMkhyA va krama tathA gati-yati aura caraNAnta ke niyamoM ke anusAra hone vAlI racanA ko chanda kahate haiN| chanda meM varNa, mAtrA, gaNa, yati, gati Adi ko isa prakAra bA~dhakara rakhA jAtA hai ki use par3hakara .yA sunakara mana AhlAdita ho uThatA hai| AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne chanda ko isa prakAra paribhASita kiyA hai - . . . . 'chanda.vAstava meM ba~dhI huI laya ke bhinna-bhinna DhA~coM kA yoga hai, jo nirdiSTa lambAI kA hotA hai| isa prakAra gadya kA niyAmaka vyAkaraNa hai to kavitta kA chanda shaastr| chanda zAstra vaha zAstra yA vijJAna hai, jisameM chandoM kI racanA vidhi yA usake bheda-prabhedoM Adi kA zAstrIya vivecana hotA hai| chanda zAstra ko piMgala zAstra bhI kahate haiM; kyoMki isake pradhAna pravartaka AcArya zrI piMgalAcArya the|

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194 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA kavitA meM chandoM kA upayoga aura mahattva - Ajakala kavitA meM chanda bandhana ko bhAvoM kI svatantra abhivyakti meM bAdhaka mAnakara use anivArya nahIM mAnA jAtA hai, phira bhI kavitA meM chandoM ke mahattva aura upayoga ko nakArA nahIM jA sakatA hai; kyoMki - 1) chanda bhAvoM kI abhivyakti ko spaSTataH aura tIvratara rUpa meM prastuta karate haiN| 2) chanda bhAvoM ko bikharane se rokate haiM aura unameM eka samatA sthApita karate haiN| 3) chanda se kavitA meM sajIvatA, ramaNIyatA, saundarya tathA prabhAva kI pratiSThA hotI hai| 4) chanda kavitA meM prezaNIyatA lAkara rasa niSpatti meM yogadAna dete haiN| 5) chandabaddha racanA zIghra yAda ho jAtI hai aura cirakAla taka smRti meM banI rahatI hai| . 6) vedoM kA svarUpa chandabaddha hone se hI akSuNNa rahA hai| chanda do prakAra ke hote haiM - vArNika evaM mAtrika / madhyakAlIna kaviyoM ne donoM prakAra ke chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| dyAnatarAya ne vArNika evaM mAtrika donoM prakAra ke chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| vArNika chandoM meM cAmara, mattagayanda, savaiyA, durmila savaiyA evaM manahara kavitta - ina cAra chandoM kA tathA mAtrika chandoM meM dohA, caupAI, soraThA, aDilla, paddhari, chappaya, kuNDaliyA, AryA, ghattA, tribhaMgI, halAla, harigItikA aura rolA ina teraha chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| kAvya meM antarnihita bhAvoM kI abhivyakti ke lie svara ke Aroha va avaroha kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| bhASA kI sajIva abhivyakti ke lie nAdasaundarya ko ucca, namra, samatala, vistRta aura sarasa banAne ke lie anubhUtiyoM va cintana ko prabhAvI banAne ke lie bhASA kI lAkSaNikatA banAne hetu evaM Atmavibhora karane yA hone ke lie chanda yojanA Avazyaka hai| prabhAvapUrNa layAtmaka abhivyakti jo varNa, mAtrA, gati aura tuka ke niyamoM se paricAlita ho, chanda kahalAtI hai| bAhya jIvana aura jagata kI bahuta-sI ghaTanAyeM hamArI AtmA ko prabhAvita karatI haiM, jisakI pratikriyA svarUpa layAtmaka abhivyakti utpanna hotI hai| yahI layAtmaka abhivyakti chanda kA rUpa hai| laya kavi kI abhivyakti aura anubhUti donoM para

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 195 AcchAdita hotI hai| ataH chanda kavi kI AtmA kI layAtmaka abhivyakti hai| vIragAthA kAla meM prAkRta bhASA meM dohA, paddhariyA aura DillA Adi chandoM kA pracalana rhaa| isake atirikta rAsoM meM rolA aura chaha pada kA bhI prayoga huaa| bhaktikAlIna jJAnamArgI kaviyoM ne sAmAnyarUpa se dohA, sabada aura ramainI chandoM meM apane bhAva vyakta kiye / premamArgI kaviyoM ne caupAI aura dohA ko apane prabandha kAvyoM kA mAdhyama bnaayaa| caupAI meM prabandha pravAha aura laya parivartana huaa| saguNa bhakti kAvya meM harigItikA soraThA, rolA, chappaya aura savaiye kA prayoga huaa| tulasIdAsa ne chanda vidhAna kI. sabhI pracalita paddhatiyoM ko apanAkara chandoM kA rUpa pariSkRta kiyaa| sUradAsa ne bhI caupAI, chappaya, soraThA, dohA, daNDaka paddhari ko apanAkara chandoM kA rUpa pariSkRta kiyA hai| rItikAla meM bhI ve hI chanda pracalita hue, jo AdikAla aura bhaktikAla meM pracalita the| hindI ke bhakti kAvya meM padoM kA bar3A hI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| vaise padoM ke pradhAna racayitAoM meM kabIra, sUradAsa, mIrA, tulasIdAsa Adi ucca koTi ke kavi mAne gaye haiN| mahAkavi sUradAsa ke padoM ko dekhakara AcArya rAmacandra Sukla ne inakA sambandha kisI prAcIna paramparA se hone kA anumAna kiyA hai| DaoNkTara hajArI prasAda dvivedI ne inakA upagama bauddha siddhoM ke gAne se mAnA hai| padoM kA mUla rUpa kucha bhI ho, kintu bhakti aura adhyAtma ke kSetra meM jaina kaviyoM ne bhI padoM kA khulakara prayoga kiyA hai| jaina kaviyoM ne apanI kavitAoM meM mAtrika aura vArNika donoM hI prakAra ke chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, kintu mAtrika chandoM kI pradhAnatA hai; lekina jaina kaviyoM ne padabandhoM ke sAtha-sAtha dohA, caupAI, soraThA, kavitta, kuNDaliyA, savaiyA, chappaya Adi chandoM kA vizeSa prayoga kiyA hai| inameM saMgItamayatA se AdhyAtmika rasa barasA hai| jaina kaviyoM kI chanda yojanA vaividhyapUrNa to hai hI, usameM eka ananta saMgIta kI gUMja bhI hai, jo vibhinna prakAra kI DhAloM, rAginiyoM Adi dvArA hRdaya ke tAra jhaMkRta kara detI hai| isa prakAra jaina kaviyoM ne apanI komala pada racanA meM laya, chanda va rAga-rAginiyoM kA sanniveSa kara anubhUti ko adhika AhlAdamaya banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| apane padoM meM rAgAtmaka anubhUti kI layAtmaka abhivyakti ke lie dyAnatarAya ne bihAr3A, sAraMga, vilAvala, kevArI, sauraTha, gaur3I,

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196. kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA rAmakalI, jAMsavarI, dhanAkSarI, lalita bhairava, malhAra, basanta Adi rAga-rAganiyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / dyAnatarAya dvArA prayukta chandoM kA vivecana kramazaH nimnalikhita hai(1) dohA - yaha mAtrika arddhasama chanda hotA hai, jisameM kula 48 mAtrAyeM hotI haiN| isake pahale evaM tIsare arthAt viSama caraNoM meM pratyeka meM 13-13 mAtrAyeM tathA dUsare aura cauthe arthAt sama caraNoM meM 11-11 mAtrAyeM hotI haiM aura anta meM tuka milatI hai| isake pahale aura tIsare caraNoM ke anta meM guru-laghu na hoN| sama caraNoM ke anta meM guru-laghu hoM / saMskRta meM zloka aura prAkRta meM gAthA ke samAna apabhraMza meM dohA hotA hai / dohA apabhraMza kA apanA chanda hai, jise Arambha meM 'dehA' kahA gayA hai| hindI taka Ate-Ate yaha chanda 'dohA' Adi rUpoM meM vyavahRta huA hai| hindI sAhitya meM prabandha evaM muktaka donoM hI prakAra kI racanAoM meM dohA chanda kA prayoga huA hai dyAnatarAya ne bhI isa chanda kA prayoga apane sAhitya meM khUba kiyA hai / dyAnatarAya ne sabhI pUjanoM meM sthApanA va jayamAlA ke anta meM dohA chanda kA prayoga kiyA hai / . yathA ( pUjana ke prArambha meM dohA chanda kA prayoga ) janama jarA mRtu chaya karai, harai kunaya jar3arIti / bhavasAgara sauM le tirai, pUjaiM jina vaca prIti / / " ( jayamAlA ke anta meM dohe chanda kA prayoga) - jA vANI ke jJAna taiM, sUjhe loka - aloka / 'dyAnata' jaga jayavanta ho, sadA deta hoM dhoka | 120 dyAnata sAhitya meM dohA chanda kA prayoga hindI kI paramparA ke anusAra hI huA hai / dyAnatarAya ne dohe kA prayoga bhakti, upadeza, adhyAtma, darzana Adi ke varNana meM kiyA hai| (2) caupAI - yaha mAtrika samaM chanda hai / isake pratyeka caraNa meM solaha mAtrAyeM hotI haiM / anta meM jagaNa yA tagaNa nahIM hotA tathA kama se kama do caraNoM kI tuka milatI hai| isakA vikAsa prAkRta evaM apabhraMza ke solaha mAtrA vAle varNAtmaka chanda se huA hai / hindI sAhitya meM prAcIna kAla se hI caupAI chanda kA prayoga

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 197 upalabdha hai| dyAnatarAya ne caupAI chanda kA prayoga apane sAhitya meM paryApta rUpa se kiyA hai| dyAnatarAya ne vidyamAna bIsa tIrthaMkara pUjana kI jayamAlA caupAI chanda meM hI likhI hai| yathA - sImandhara sImandhara svAmI, jugamandhara jugamandhara naamii| bAhu bAhu jina jaga jana tAre, karama subAhu bAhubala daare| jAta sujAtaM kevalajJAnaM, svayaMprabhu prabhu svayaM prdhaanN| .. RSabhAnana RSibhAnana dozaM, ananta vIraja vIraja kosaM / / isI prakAra dazalakSaNa pUjana kI jayamAlA bhI caupAI chanda meM likhI gayI hai; jo ki jaina samAja meM atyadhika prasiddha va pracalita hai| yathA - uttama chimA jahA~ mana hoI, antara bAhara zatru na koii| . uttama mArdava vinaya prakAse, nAnA bhedajJAna saba bhaase|| ... uttama Arjava kapaTa miTAve, durgati tyAga sugati upjaave|| uttama satya vacana mukha bole, so prANI saMsAra na Dole / / dyAnatarAya ne solaha kAraNa pUjana meM caupAI A~calIbaddha kA prayoga kiyA hai evaM jayamAlA meM caupAI chanda kA prayoga kiyA hai| ... (3) soraThA- dohA kI bhA~ti soraThA bhI mAtrika arddhasama chanda hai| racanA kI dRSTi se soraThA, dohA chanda kA ulaTA hotA hai| isake prathama va tRtIya caraNa meM gyAraha-gyAraha tathA dvitIya va caturtha caraNa meM teraha-teraha mAtrAyeM hotI haiN| 'prAkRta peMgalam' meM soraThA ko apabhraMza soraThA kahA gayA hai| hindI sAhitya meM soraThA chanda kA vyavahAra prabandha evaM muktaka donoM kAvya rUpoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| dhAnatarAya ne apanI pUjanoM meM soraThA chanda kA prayoga kiyA hai| (4) chappaya- chappaya saMyukta mAtrika viSama chanda hai| isameM chaha pada tathA eka sau ar3atAlIsa mAtrAyeM hotI haiN| prAyaH isakA prayoga vIra rasa meM hotA hai, parantu dyAnatarAya ne isakA prayoga anya rasoM meM bhI viSayAnusAra kiyA hai| isakA prayoga carcAzataka meM, pUjanoM meM evaM dharma vilAsa meM dekhane ko milatA hai| (5) aDilla- aDilla mAtrika sama chanda hai| aDilla chanda kA prayoga sAmAnya itivRttAtmaka prakaraNoM meM huA hai| dyAnatarAya ne muktaka prakIrNa sAhitya carcAzataka evaM dharmavilAsa meM isakA prayoga kiyA hai| kavi

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198 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA ne aDilla chanda kA prayoga naraka varNana, sapta vyasana tyAga varNana Adi varNanAtmaka sthaloM para kiyA hai| ..(6) paddhar3I- yaha mAtrika sama chanda hai| apabhraMza sAhitya meM sAmAnya varNana meM usakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| hindI meM cAraNa kaviyoM ne sAmAnya varNana kI paramparA ko gauNa rakhakara yuddhavarNana evaM vIrarasa ke varNana ke lie isakA prayoga kiyA hai| kavi ne isake prayoga meM hindI kI paramparA kA nirvAha na karate hue apabhraMza kI sAmAnya paramparA kA pAlana kiyA hai|25 (1) kuNDaliyA - yaha eka mAtrika chanda hai| yaha chanda apabhraMza se lekara Aja taka hindI meM vyavahRta hotA rahA hai| hindI sAhitya ke rItikAla meM bhakta evaM nItivettA kaviyoM dvArA kuNDaliyA chanda kA sarvAdhika vyavahAra huA hai| dyAnatarAya ke prakIrNa sAhitya meM, upadeza zataka, dAna bAvanI, jJAnadazaka Adi meM isakA prayoga kiyA hai| (8) savaiyA- savaiyA vArNika chanda hotA hai aura isake pratyeka caraNa meM 22 se lekara 26 taka varNa hote haiM, jinameM gaNoM kA nizcita krama rahatA hai| isa prakAra 22 se lekara 26 varNoM taka ke caraNa rakhanevAle chanda ko savaiyA kahate haiN| dyAnatarAya ne bhagaNa se bananevAle madirA savaiyA evaM mattagayanda savaiyoM kA prayoga upadeza zataka meM kiyA hai| (9) kavitta- yaha laya-pradhAna agaNAtmaka aura yatyAtmaka vArNika chanda hotA hai| solaha aura pandraha vargoM para virAma ke sAtha yati, cArutA ke lie anta meM guru varNa rakhate hue isameM 31 varNa hote haiN| ise 'manaharaNa' yA 'ghanAkSarI' bhI karate haiN| isameM gati para vizeSa dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai, jo do prakAra kI hotI hai| prathama hai satvara gati aura dUsarI hai manthara gti| satvara gati vAle kavitta ko ghanAkSarI aura manthara gati vAle ko manaharaNa kahate haiN| dyAnatarAya ne apane kAvya meM donoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| isake atirikta dyAnatasAhitya meM aise chandoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai, jo tatkAlIna pracalita rAga aura chandoM ke mizrita rUpa kahe jA sakate haiN| ye chanda haiM- cAla", puSpamaMjarI", DhAla, gaurI rAga, motIdAma, bhujaMgaprayAta evaM mallikAmAlA' aadi| kavi dyAnatarAya kI racanAoM meM vibhinna chandoM kA prayoga isa prakAra hai - (1) upadeza zataka - chappaya, savaiyA ikatIsA, karalA, kuNDaliyA,

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199 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA kavitta, aDilla, mandAkrAntA, mattagayanda savaiyA, azoka, puSpamaMjarI, zArdUlavikrIDita / (2) subodha paMcAsikA (3) dAna bAbanI 1 soraThA, caupAI aura dohA / -- 1 (4) tattvasAra bhASA (5) dharma paccIsI chappaya / (6) darzana dazaka (7) jJAnadazaka kuNDaliyA / (8) dravyAdi caubIsa paccIsI - soraThA, savaiyA aura kavitta | (9) vyasana tyAga zoDaSa - savaiyA, kavitta, aDilla aura chappaya / w -- soraThA, cAla, DhAla aura dohA / chappaya, savaiyA, kuNDaliyA, kavitta, aDilla, (10) saradhA cAlIsI dohA aura caupAI | dohA aura caupAI | ( 11 ) sukha battIsI - (12) viveka bIsI (13) bhakti dazaka (14) dharma rahasya bAvanI savaiyA teIsA / (15) cAra sau chaha jIva samAsa - dohA, caupAI, aDilla aura soraThA / ( 16 ) daza sthAna caubIsI (17) vyavahAra paccIsI chappaya / savaiyA / (18) AratI dazaka gaurI rAga / (19) daza bola paccIsI chappada / (20) jinaguNa mAla saptamI - azoka, puSpamaMjarI aura savaiyA / / (21) samAdhimaraNa jogIrAsA / caupAI | (22) AlocanA pATha ( 23 ) ekIbhAva stotra - caupAI aura dohA / ( 24 ) svayaMbhU stotra - caupAI aura dohA | (25) pArzvanAtha stavana (26) tithi SoDazI ( 27 ) stuti bArasI - (28) yati bhAvanA aSTaka - -- dohA, caupAI aura soraThA / dohA aura caupAI | - - - chappaya / savaiyA / - - 1 - bhujaMgaprayAta aura soraThA / dohA aura caupAI | dohA / - savaiyA aura dohA /

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200 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA savaiyA / ( 29 ) sajjana guNa dazaka (30) vartamAna caubIsI dazaka ( 31 ) adhyAtma paMcAsikA dohA / ( 32 ) neminAtha bahattara - aDilla, soraThA, motIdAma aura caupAI | - - - - ---- ( 33 ) vajradanta kathA ( 34 ) ATha gaNa chanda ( 35 ) dharma cAha gIta ( 36 ) AdinAtha stuti rekhatA / / - ( 37 ) zikSA paMcAzikA dohA, soraThA aura caupAI | ( 38 ) yugala AratI - dohA, caupaI, soraThA aura caupAI | (39) vairAgya chattIsI - dohA, caupAI aura soraThA / ( 40 ) vANI saMkhyA - dohA, caupAI aura soraThA / (41) palla paccIsI dohA, caupAI, savaiyA aura soraThA / (42) SaDguNa hAnivRddhi bIsI dohA aura savaiyA / vibhinna racanAoM meM vibhinna chandoM ke prayoga se spaSTa hai ki dyAnatarAya chanda zAstra ke acche jJAtA the| padoM ke atirikta kavi ke adhika priya chanda dohA, caupAI, soraThA, kavitta aura savaiyA rahe; kintu mahAkavi kezava ke samAna dyAnatarAya ne motIdAma, azoka, puSpamaMjarI, sundarI jaise apracalita evaM kaThina chandoM meM bhI apanI kAvyAbhivyakti kI / - caupAI | dohA aura soraThA / caupAI | - - kavitta, savaiyA aura dohA / - (3) alaMkAra vidhAna alaMkAra kA abhiprAya saundarya sAdhana se hai / kAvya ke zarIra ko sajAne ke lie jo AbhUSaNa kAma meM lAye jAte haiM, unako alaMkAra kahate haiN| kisI ne kahA bhI hai- 'kAvyazobhAkarAnalaMkarAn pracakSate arthAt kAvya kI zobhA karane vAle dharmoM ko alaMkAra kahate haiM | 38 alaMkAra zabda kA artha hai - vaha vastu jo sundara banAye yA sundara banAne kA sAdhana ho / alaMkaroti iti alaMkAraH / athavA alaMkriyate anena iti alaMkAraH / sAdhAraNa bolacAla meM alaMkAra gahane ko kahate haiM / gahane pahanane se manuSya kI zobhA bar3hatI hai, usI prakAra kAvya meM alaMkAroM se kAvya kI zobhA bar3hatI hai| alaMkAroM kA kAvya meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / alaMkAroM kI sahAyatA se

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201 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA kAvya meM rocakatA bar3ha jAtI hai / vaha AkarSaka aura sAtha hI prabhAvazAlI ho jAtA hai| alaMkAroM se varNya viSaya ko spaSTa aura subodha banAne meM bhI sahAyatA milatI hai| isa prakAra alaMkAroM kI upAdeyatA asaMdigdha hai| kAvya meM unakA prayoga vAMchanIya hai / prasiddha jaina vidvAna DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI kAvya meM alaMkAroM kI bar3I upayogitA mAnate haiN| ve kahate haiM- 'alaMkAra anubhUti ko sarasa aura sundara banAte haiM / kavitA meM bhAva pravaNatA tabhI A sakatI hai, jaba rUpa yojanA ke lie alaMkRta aura sa~vAre hue padoM kA upayoga kiyA jAye / 40 1 sundara bhAvoM kI sarasa abhivyakti ke lie zreSTha alaMkAroM kI yojanA Avazyaka hai / "vyAvahArika dharAtala para alaMkAroM ke dvArA apane kathana ko kavi yA lekhaka zrotA yA pAThaka ke mana meM bhItara taka baiThAne kA prayatna karatA hai / bAta ko bar3hA-car3hAkara usake mana kA vistAra karatA hai / bAhya vaiSamya Adi kA niyojana kara Azcarya kI udbhAvanA karatA hai tathA bAta ko ghumA-phirAkara vakratA ke sAtha kahakara pAThaka kI jijJAsA ko uddIpta karatA hai 41 dyAnatarAya ne balAt alaMkAroM ko lAne kA prayAsa nahIM kiyA, apitu unakI racanAoM meM alaMkAra svabhAvataH A gaye haiM / dyAnatarAya sahita prAyaH, sabhI jaina kaviyoM ne bhAvagata saundarya ko akSuNNa rakhate hue svAbhAvikarUpa se alaMkAroM kA prayoga kiyA hai| isa sambandha meM zrI nemicanda jyotiSAcArya likhate haiM ki hindI jaina kaviyoM kI kavitA kAminI anAr3I rAjakulAMganA ke samAna na to adhika alaMkAroM ke bojha se dabI hai aura na grAmyabAlA ke samAna nirAbharaNA hI hai| isameM nAgarika ramaNiyoM ke samAna sundara upayukta alaMkAroM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai | 12 dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM prayukta alaMkAra nimna haiM (1) anuprAsa - anuprAsa meM varNa yA varNasamUha aneka (do yA adhika) bAra AtA hai, kabhI varNa kI jagaha zabda yA zabdAMza bhI AtA hai / dyAnatarAya ke kAvya meM anuprAsa ke aneka udAharaNa haiM - tAta bhAta bhrAta nAta, sAta ghAta jAta gAja / hama sau nirAla sadA, citta kyoM sumAya hai / / 43 inda o phaninda vada jaccha jo nariMda viMda |

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202 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA tIna kAla. tAsa vandi hota maukha bhupa / / " namata mana vacana tana, sakala. mada maya harana / / +5 jina jinarAya jinanda jagatapati, jaga tArana jgmaan| paramAtama paramesa paramaguru, paramAnanda pradhAna / / (2) punarukti prakAza-jaba zabda kI AvRtti ho, pratyeka bAra artha abhinna ho aura anvaya bhI pratyeka bAra abhinna ho| vahA~ punarukti prakAza alaMkAra hotA hai| kavi ke kAvya meM punarukti prakAza alaMkAra kaI sthAnoM para milatA hai - jai jai svAmI AdinAtha, devoM ke devaa| jai jai svAmI AdinAtha, maiM kInI sevaa||8 vItarAga ko dharma, sarva jIvana ko tArana / vItarAga ko dharma, karma ko kaTai nivArana / / vItarAga ko dharma, pragaTa krodhAdika naasai| vItarAga ko dharma, gyAna kevala paragAsai / / (3) yamake-jaba koI zabda aneka (do yA do se adhika) bAra Aye aura artha pratyeka bAra bhinna ho| kabhI-kabhI pUrA zabda dubArA na Akara usa zabda kA kucha aMza dubArA AtA hai, usa avasthA meM bhI yamaka hotA hai| dyAnatarAya ke kAvya meM yamaka alaMkAra kA udAharaNa dRSTavya hai - mahAvIra mahAvIra, dhIra para pIra nivArana / bar3e puSpa saMsAra, sAra saMpati sukha kArana / / Apa bhajata agha bhajata bhajata saba dauSa bhayaMkara / / " paMcana ko pIche cale, paMca vahI siradAra / / 52 (4) zleSa-jaba vAkya meM eka se adhika arthavAle zabda yA zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA jAya aura isa prakAra eka se adhika arthoM kA bodha karAyA jaaye| dyAnatarAya ke kAvya meM yaha alaMkAra avalokanIya hai. kara bhAjana kUA nikaTa, guna vina lahai na niir| sau guna kyoM nahi dhAriye, jo budhi hoya shriir|| (5) upamA-upamA meM kisI vastu ko dUsarI vastu ke samAna batAyA jAtA hai| donoM vastuoM meM koI sAdhAraNa dharma arthAt aisA guNa hotA hai, jo donoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| usa sAdhAraNa dharma ke kAraNa donoM meM samAnatA batAyI jAtI hai| upamA meM upameya, upamAna, dharma aura vAcaka zabda cAra tattva

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA hote haiN|* dyAnatarAya ke kAvya meM isake kaI udAharaNa prastuta haiM isa khAravAra saMsAra meM, kalpavRkSa tuma darasa hai 55 aise mahArAja jinarAja haiM jihAja sama / / 58 yaha saMsAra asAra hai, kadalI vRkSa samAna | yAmai sArapano lahai, so mUrakha paradhAna / / so mUrakha paradhAna, mAni kusumani nama dekhe / salila mathe dhRta vahai, zrRMga sundara khara paile / 17 (6) mAlopamA - jaba upamA meM eka upameya ke aneka upamAna hoM, mAlopamA eka prakAra kA upamA alaMkAra hI hai / antara itanA hI hai ki upamA ke upamAna eka hI hotA hai, mAlopamA meM upamAna aneka hote haiN| dyAnatarAya ke kAvya meM mAlopamA ke kaI udAharaNa haiM / jaise " palalai kalapa taru beli jyoM, vaMchita sura nara rAja / ciMtA mani jyoM deta hai, ciMtita artha samAja / / svAmI terI bhagati sau bhakta puNya tIna aratha sukha bhoga ke tInoM jaga ke suraja sama tana mAsa kai sasi sama vacana meya samAna sujI re, surataru sama guNa rAsa - hoM / 180 canda binA nisi gaja vinadata, jaise taruNa nAri vina kaMta / dharma binA tyoM mAnuSa deha, tAtaiM kariyai dharma saneha / / " guNa anaMta bhagavaMta aMta nahiM sasi kapUra hima pIra / * dyAta ekahu guNa hama pAvai, dUri karai bhava bhIra / / 2 -- upajAya / rAya / / 59 prakAsa ho / 203 (7) rUpaka - jaba eka vastu para dUsarI vastu kA Aropa kiyA jAye arthAt jaba eka vastu ko dUsarI vastu kA rUpa diyA jAye arthAt jaba eka vastu ko dUsarI vastu banA diyA jAye, vahA~ rUpaka alaMkAra hotA hai| dyAnatarAya ke kAvya meM rUpaka alaMkAra kA prayoga paryApta hai| maiM kahe cahU~ gati gamana ko, dayA visana lInoM pakara / tava karama sAha ke hukama tai, car3hayau mukati gar3ha gvAliyara / / 63 bhavi pUjo mana vaca zrI jinanda, citacaura sukha karana iMda / kumati kumudinI harana sUra, viSana saghana vana dahana bhUra / / pApa DaraMga prabhu nAma mora, moha mahA tana dalana mora / dukha dAridra hara anaya rena, dyAnata prabhu de parama caina /

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204 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA (8) udAharaNa - alaMkAra - nItiparaka carcAoM meM kavi dvArA udAharaNa alaMkAra kA prayoga huA hai / yaha prayoga paramparAgata hote hue bhI yatra-tatra navInatA ke sAtha abhivyakta huA hai| udAharaNa alaMkAra ko alaMkAra pArijAta meM isa prakAra paribhASita kiyA hai - jaba eka bAta kahakara usake udAharaNa ke rUpa meM eka dUsarI bAta kahI jAya aura donoM ko jaise, jyoM, jimi Adi kisI upamA vAcaka zabda se jor3a diyA jAye, to vahA~ udAharaNa alaMkAra hotA hai| jaise aba hama Ama ko phicaanaa| jaisA siddha kSetra meM rAjai, vaisA ghaTa meM jAnA / / 1 / / bhaktikAlIna nirguNa aura saguNa bhakta kaviyoM kI taraha dyAnatarAya meM bhI alaMkAroM ke prati Agraha kI bAta nahIM dikhtii| unhoMne apanI naitika, dhArmika, janopayogI Adi carcAoM meM sahajarUpa se alaMkAroM kA prayoga kiyA hai| ina prayogoM meM kavi ne prastuta se aprastuta evaM bAhya se aMtas ko jor3A hai| pUrva pracalita hindI jaina kaviyoM kI paramparA meM bhI kavi dvArA alaMkAroM kA paryApta prayoga kiyA gayA hai| (4) pratIka yojanA pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se bhASA ko bhAvapravaNa banAne ke sAtha-sAtha bhAvoM kI yathArtha abhivyaMjanA kI jAtI hai| isalie pratyeka bhAvuka kavi tIvra rasAnubhUti ke lie pratIka yojanA kA avalambana letA hai| zrI nemicanda jaina 'jyotiSAcArya' pratIka ko paribhASita karate hue kahate haiM varNya viSaya ke guNa yA bhAva sAmya rakhanevAle bAhya cihnoM ko pratIka kahate haiM / mAnava hRdaya ke guhyatama antarbhAvoM kI abhivyakti ke lie prAkRtika pratIkoM ko mAdhyama banAyA jAtA hai| ye pratIka amUrta bhAvanAoM kI pratIti karAne meM sahAyaka siddha hote haiN| mAnava hRdaya ke amUrta bhAvoM kA sAkSAtkAra indriyoM ke dvArA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / ve amUrta bhAvanAe~ pratIka yojanA ke Azraya se hRdaya para sarvAdhika gambhIra prabhAva DAlatI hai 15 ---- --- pratIka yojanA amUrta ko mUrtarUpa dekara atyanta sUkSma bhAvanAoM kA sAkSAtkAra karAne meM samartha hotI hai / vividha saMskRtiyoM ke anusAra kAvya meM rasodreka ke lie sAhityakAra bhinna-bhinna pratIkoM kA prayoga karate haiM / sabhyatA, ziSTAcAra, AcAra, vyavahAra tathA Atmadarzana ke anurUpa pratyeka

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205 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA sAhityakAra apanI kAvyakalA meM pratIkoM kI udbhAvanA karatA hai| hindI jaina sAhitya meM upamAna ke rUpa meM pratIkoM kA prayoga adhika huA hai / vidvAnoM ne pratIkoM ke do bheda kiye haiM . 1. bhAvotpAdaka tathA 2. vicArotpAdaka / hindI jaina sAhitya meM ina donoM bhedoM ke zuddha udAharaNa nahIM milate haiM / suvidhA ke lie jaina sAhitya meM prayukta pratIkoM ko cAra bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai / 1. guNa va sukhabodhaka pratIka 2. vikAra evaM duHkha bodhaka pratIka 3. zarIra - bodhaka pratIka 4. Atmabodhaka pratIka hindI ke jaina kaviyoM dvArA prayukta pratIkoM kA vargIkaraNa karate hue DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI bhI prakArAntara se aise hI vargIkaraNa ko sthira karate haiM / bhAva, svarUpa tathA sAmagrI ke AdhAra para samagra dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM vyavahRta pratIkoM ko hama nimnalikhita cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM. 1. sukhabodhaka pratIka 2. duHkhabodhaka pratIka 3. zarIrabodhaka pratIka tathA 4. Atmabodhaka pratIka | inakA vistRta vivecana nimnAMkita hai-- 1. sukhabodhaka pratIka - yadyapi sukha kI anubhUti evaM prApti AtmA ke Azraya evaM avalambana se hI hotI hai, tathApi saMsArI jIva indriya viSayoM evaM bhogoM meM sukha kI mithyA kalpanA kara sukha kI anubhUti kara letA hai / kavi dyAnatarAya ne apane samagra sAhitya meM mukuTa bhUSana, miThAI, mevA, mRdaMga, gulAla, picakArI, puNya udaya ko sukha kA pratIka svIkAra kiyA hai / 2. duHkhabodhaka pratIkna - samasta pratikUlatAe~ evaM indriyajanita asantuSTiyA~ duHkha kA kAraNa huA karatI haiN| vAstava meM to duHkha kA kAraNa jIva kA mithyAjJAna, moha-rAga-dveSa hai, jisake kAraNa hI saMsAra duHkharUpa ho jAtA hai / dyAnatarAya ne saMsAra ko duHkha kA kAraNa mAnakara jaladhi evaM unake paryAyavAcI zabda saravara, udadhi, bhava-sAgara Adi ko saMsAra kA pratIka evaM paMchI, prAnI" ko saMsArIjana kA pratIka batAyA hai| 3. zarIrabodhaka pratIka - sukha - duHkha kI taraha zarIra kA bodha karAnevAle aneka pratIkAtmaka zabdoM kA vyavahAra bhI dyAnatarAya ne apane sAhitya meM kiyA hai| carakhA, piMjarA, koMpala, tAlAba, gAgare, kAntAre Adi / isake atirikta kavi dvArA jinendradeva kI pratimA evaM tIrthaMkara kI saMjJA kA

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206 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA bodha karAne ke lie vividha cihnoM kA vyavahAra bhI kiyA gayA hai| 4. Atmabodhaka pratIka-nirAkAra ko AkAra dene ke lie dyAnatarAya ne Atmabodhaka zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| jo nimnAMkita haiM-AtmA-haMsa, mn-suuvaa| . mahAkavi dyAnatarAya kI pratIka yojanA ke sAdhana upamA, rUpaka, atizayokti, sAropA, sAdhyAvasAnA lakSaNA rahe haiN| anya hindI jaina kaviyoM kI paramparA kI bhA~ti dyAnatarAya ne bhI pratIkoM kA prayoga adhikatara rUpaka alaMkAra ke rUpa meM kiyA hai; parantu kahIM-kahIM pratIkoM kA prayoga apane sahajarUpa meM milatA hai| kavi ke pratIka jaina paramparAnumodita to haiM hI, sAtha hI loka jIvana se bhI liye gaye haiN| kavi kI pratIka yojanA meM svAbhAvika bodhagamyatA dikhAI detI hai| bodhagamya pratIkoM ke kAraNa bhAvoM evaM sUkSma manovRttiyoM ke udbodhana meM kavi ko pUrNa saphalatA milI hai| isI prakAra aprastuta bhAvoM kI abhivyakti ke lie prayukta pratIkoM dvArA rasodvodhana evaM bhAvodvodhana meM bhI saphalatA dRSTigata hotI hai| isaprakAra dyAnatasAhitya meM jaina paramparAnumodita sukhabodhaka, duHkhabodhaka, zarIrabodhaka aura Atmabodhaka pratIkoM kA prAyaH rUpaka alaMkAra kI bhA~ti prayoga kiyA gayA hai| (5) dyAnatasAhitya meM muhAvare aura kahAvateM mahAkavi dyAnatarAya ne apane bhAvoM evaM anubhUtiyoM kI vizeSa prabhAvapUrNa abhivyakti ke lie apanI bhASA meM muhAvare evaM kahAvatoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| muhAvare aura kahAvatoM kI apanI-apanI vibhinna vizeSatAe~ haiN| ina vizeSatAoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa dyAnatasAhitya anUThA bana par3A hai| dyAnatarAya ne muhAvaroM evaM lokoktiyoM dvArA bar3I se bar3I bAta ko ati prabhAvazIla DhaMga se sUkSma pariveza meM vyakta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| . dyAnatarAya ne apane sAhitya meM nimnalikhita muhAvaroM evaM kahAvatoM kA prayoga kiyA hai - kramAMka mUlarUpa kAvya meM prayukta rUpa kRti kA nAma 1. AkAza ke phUla kusumani nabha dekhai, upadeza zataka-30 2. aMjuli pAnI honA Ava ghaTai jima aMjuli pAnI upadeza zataka-26

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA tahA~ pichatAta sira dhunai yauM hI upadeza zataka-24 4. aMdhe ke hAtha baTera laganA jima chAMData aMdha baTera gahiko 3. sira dhunanA upadeza zataka-29 5. kathanI aura karanI meM aMtara koTi janama kathanI kathai karanI bina dukhiyA | adhyAtma pada saMgraha, bhajana - 52, pR. - 30 kahA bhayo baka dhyAna dharai tai, adhyAtma pada saMgraha, bhajana - 43, pR. - 30 mRga jala budha jyau dhAe, hindI pada saMgraha, bhajana - 129,pR. 109 pAya amRta pA~va dhove hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 116 pApa udaya lakhi rovata bhoMdU dyAnatavilAsa, 48 viSaya pragaTa viSa bela hai, inameM jina aTakai dyAnatavilAsa, 5 jaise binA ekar3e bindI, dyAnatavilAsa, 38 gU~ge kA gur3a khAya kahaiM kimi, vahI, 60 A~kha kI palaka mAna sAtA tau tahA~ na 6. bagulA dhyAna dharanA 7. mRga- jala 8. amRta se pA~va dhonA 9. bhoMdU honA 10. viSa kI bela honA 11. binA ekaDeM kI bindI 12. gUMge kA gur3a khAnA 13. palaka jhapakanA 207 jAna, upadezazataka, 51 14. A~kheM mU~danA tinheM suci mAnai A~kha mU~dI upadezazataka, 60 15. kUpa maMDUka honA jAnai nAhiM gyAna sara kUpakai se bheka hai upadezazataka, 109 muhAvaroM kI bhA~ti lekhaka ne apane kAvya meM kahAvatoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / dyAnata sAhitya meM vyavahRta kahAvateM nimnalikhita haiM 1) phira pachatAya hoya kyA, jaba cir3iyA cuga gaIM kheta / bahate pAnI hAtha na dhovai, phiri pachitAya hoya kA sAra / / dAna bAvanI, 19

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208 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 2) boyA per3a babUla kA, Ama kahA~ se khAya / khAyA cAhai AMba gaMDerI, bovai Aka dhature jii| akSara bAvanI, pada-6 3) eka paMtha do kaaj| duHkha nivArana sukhakarana, eka paMtha do kAja / - zikSA paMcAsikA, pada-33 4) bahate pAnI meM hAtha dhonaa| bahate pAnI hAtha na dhauve, phiri pachitAya hoya kA saar|| . dAna bAvanI, 19 isa prakAra dyAnatasAhitya meM vibhinna muhAvaroM evaM kahAvatoM kA prayoga zabdazaH huA hai| dyAnatarAya ne ina kahAvatoM evaM muhAvaroM kA prayoga binA kisI prayAsa ke svAbhAvikarUpa se kiyA hai| unakI abhivyakti kI saralatA meM jo kahAvata yA muhAvarA sarvathA upayukta ThaharatA hai, usakA unhoMne upayoga kiyA hai| - ina muhAvaroM kA prayoga bhAvAbhivyakti kI sampannatA evaM alaMkaraNa saundarya ke lie hI huA hai| isase artha vyaMjanA ke sAtha-sAtha bhASA para unake asAdhAraNa adhikAra kA paricaya milatA hai| unake muhAvaroM meM subodhatA evaM akRtrimatA sarvatra virAjatI hai| vAstava meM muhAvare evaM kahAvatoM ke samyak prayoga se bhASA meM prabhAvazIlatA paidA huI hai tathA bhAvasaundarya meM abhivRddhi huI hai| (mana! mere rAga bhAva nivAra) mana! mere rAga bhAva nivAra || mana rAga cikkanauM lAgata hai, karmadhUli apAra / |mn... rAga Asrava mUla hai, vairAgya saMvara dhaar| jina na jAnyo bheda yaha, vaha gayo narabhava haar| mana... dAna pUjA zIla japa tapa, vividha prakAra | rAga bina ziva sukha karata hai, rAga" sesAra ||mn... vItarAga kahA kiyo, yaha bAta pragaTa nihaar| soI kara sukha heta 'dyAnata' zuddha anubhava saar||mn...

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 209 sandarbha sUcI 1. dyAnatarAya kRta subodha paMcAsikA, prathama adhyAya, dvitIya pada 2. hindI pada saMgraha, zrI mahAvIra granthamAlA, pRSTha-112 3. vahI, dyAnatarAya ke pada, pRSTha-129 4. AdhyAtmika pATha saMgraha, pRSTha-343 5. dyAnatarAya kRta ArAdhanA pATha 6. hindI pada saMgraha, bhajana-140, pRSTha-116, 7. hindI pada saMgraha, bhajana-151, pRSTha-125 8. dyAnatarAya kRta upadeza zataka, pada-67 9. prastuta zodha prabandha, tRtIya adhyAya 10. dyAnatarAya kRta nandIzvara pUjana 11. hindI pada saMgraha, pRSTha-137 12. dyAnatavilAsa, pada-37 13. vahI, chanda-134, pRSTha-112 14. nandIzvaradvIpa pUjana, jinendra arcanA, pRSTha-146 15. paMcameru pUjana, jinendra arcanA, pRSTha-144 16. hindI padya saMgraha, pada-135, pRSTha-113 17. pArzvanAtha stotra, jinendra arcanA, pRSTha-275 18. chanda prabhAkara, maMgalAcaraNa, pRSTha-4 19. dyAnatarAya kRta sarasvatI pUjana . 20. vahI 21. ,dyAnatarAya kRta vidyamAna bIsa tIrthaMkara pUjana 22. dyAnatarAya kRta dazalakSaNa pUjana 23. prAkRta pegalam, 1:70, sampAdaka DaoN. bholAzaMkara vyAsa, bhAga-1, san 1959 24. hindI vizvakoza - sampAdaka DaoN. nagendra, pRSTha-170 25. jagannAtha prasAda bhAnu kRta chanda prabhAkara, pRSTha-95 26. dyAnatarAya kRta upadeza zataka, pada-30 27. kAvya evaM kAvyAMga paricaya, pRSTha-14 28. dyAnatarAya kRta upadeza zataka, pada-61 29. dyAnatarAya kRta upadeza zataka, pada-6 30. dyAnatarAya kRta upadeza zataka, pada-31 31. subodha paMcAsikA, pada-9, 10 32. upadeza zataka, pada-79 33. subodha paMcAsikA, pada-25 se 40 34. dyAnatarAya kRta AratI dazaka 35. neminAtha bahattarI, pada-21 se 30 36. pArzvanAtha stavana

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210 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 37. upadeza zataka, pada-7 38. alaMkAra pArijAta, pRSTha-2 39. alaMkAra pArijAta, pRSTha-1 40. bhAratIya saMskRti ke vikAsa meM jaina vAGmaya kA avadAna, prathama khaNDa, pRSTha-93 41. hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana, zrI nemicanda jyotiSAcArya, pRSTha-237 42. vahI, pRSTha-163 43. vyavahAra paccIsI pada - 22 44. upadeza zataka, pada-2 45. upadeza zataka, pada-21 46. jaina pada saMgraha, caturtha bhAga, pada- 293 47. alaMkAra pArijAta, pRSTha-11 48. upadeza zataka, pada- 17 49. upadeza zataka, pada-58 50. dazasthAna caubIsI pada - 27 51. upadeza zataka, pada-67 52. zikSA paMcAsikA, pada- 36 53. zikSA paMcAsikA, pada- 34 54. alaMkAra pArijAta, pRSTha-24 55. darzana dazaka, pada-6 56. upadeza zataka, pada- 4 57. upadeza zataka, pada- 30 58. alaMkAra pArijAta, pRSTha-28 59. stuti bArasI, pada-2, 3 60. neminAtha bahattarI, pada-57 61. dharma paccIsI, pada- 11 62. jaina pada saMgraha, caturtha bhAga - pada, saMkhyA-87 63. viveka bIsI, pada-4 64. jaina pada saMgraha, caturtha bhAga, pada-64 65. hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana, bhAga - 2, nemicandra jaina, pRSTha-143 66. adhyAtma pada pArijAta, pRSTha-777 pada - 482 67. vahI, pRSTha-199, pada-513-514 68. hindI pada saMgraha, pRSTha-116 69. hare vRkSa pai paMchI baiThA, raTatA nAma hari, adhyAtma pada saMgraha, pRSTha-31 70. adhyAtma pada saMgraha, pRSTha-32 71. acchI hindI, rAmacandra varmA, pRSTha-198 72. rAjasthAnI kahAvateM : eka adhyayana, DaoN. kanhaiyAlAla, pRSTha - 20 73. hindI sAhitya koza bhAga-1, pro. dhIrendra varmA, pRSTha - 954

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upasaMhAra madhyakAlIna hindI bhaktikAvya apanI vipulatA, kAvya-garimA, bhakti-vaibhava evaM sAMskRtika dena ke kAraNa bhAratIya itihAsa meM viziSTatA pAe hue hai| nae anveSaNoM ke pazcAt yaha svIkAra kiyA jAne lagA hai ki isakI mUla dhArAe~ santa aura vaiSNava kAvya dhArAe~ hI nahIM, apitu tIsarI jaina bhakti kAvyadhArA bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| AdikAla se hI jaina sAhitya ne loka-kalyANa aura Atma-kalyANa kI zikSA dI hai| jaina sAhityakAroM ne prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, hindI evaM anya prAdezika bhASAoM meM sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA hai| ___puSpadanta, bhUtabali, kundakunda, guNabhadra, umAsvAmI, svayaMbhU, samantabhadra jaise samartha zramaNa santoM evaM banArasIdAsa, bhagavatIdAsa, bhUdharadAsa, daulatarAma, dyAnatarAya, bhAgacanda, budhajana jaise utkRSTa vidvAnoM kA nAma unakI amara kAvya-racanAoM ke kAraNa yugoM-yugoM taka liyA jaaegaa| hara kAlakhaNDa meM jaina sAhityakAroM ne apanA varcasva banAe rakhA hai, isalie nahIM ki ve buddhijIvI the, varan mukhyataH isalie ki jainadarzana ke mUla siddhAntoM meM jIva mAtra ke AtmavizvAsa evaM Atmonnayana kI pUrNa-sAmarthya vidyamAna hai; kyoMki yaha jIvana kI anubhUtiyoM evaM sukha-duHkha kI samasyAoM kI traikAlika AdhArabhUmi para khar3A hai| jaina sAhityakAroM kI zrRMkhalA meM kavi dyAnatarAya ne kAvya-sRjana * kara hindI sAhitya ke vikAsa meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyA hai| unakI adyatana pUjA-sAhitya, bhASA-sAhitya, saMgraha-sAhitya, vilAsa-zataka, evaM bAvanI-sAhitya, subodha paMcAsikA evaM stotra-sAhitya para saMbhavataH cAra darjana se adhika starIya kRtiyA~ hindI meM upalabdha haiN| yaha sahI hai ki ve 'upekSita, acarcita bhI nahIM rhe| unhoMne apane mahattvapUrNa sAhitya-sRjana se, apane rasamaya bhakti gItoM-bhajanoM se apane samaya aura samakAlIna sAhitya ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| kavivara ne vipula sAhitya kA sRjana kara avazya hI prAptavya kI prApti kI hai| kavivara dyAnatarAya ke kAvya sRjana kA ekamAtra uddezya adhyAtma kA nirUpaNa kara pAralaukika sukha prApta karanA rahA hai| kavivara dyAnatarAya kA kAvya-sRjana apane samaya-sandarbho aura sthitiyoM meM eka kAragara kadama hai| unake kAvya meM mAtra bhakti kA puTa hI

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212 kavivara dhAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA nahIM, apitu unakA kAvya adhyAtma rasa se sarAbora hai| unake kAvya ke AsvAda se adhyAtma kI anubhUti hotI hai aura antazcetanA UrvonmukhatA ko prApta hotI hai| unake kAvya meM kisI eka hI pratibaddha-pakSadharatA kI jida, eka hI ekAMgI ekarasa, jIvana dRSTi kA kIrtigAna nahIM hai| unake kAvya meM cAroM hI anuyogoM kA pramukhatA se varNana milatA hai| unakA kAvya bhakti evaM adhyAtma kI pracuratA ke kAraNa hI jana-jana ke kaNTha meM basA huA hai| AtmA kI rasamaya-sambodhimaya samagratA se kavivara dyAnatarAya 'janmanA kavi' haiN| unakI sAhityika asmitA aura pahacAna kA mUlatattva unakA 'kRtikavi' hI hai aura rhegaa| jabaki sAhityajagata aura samaya ne unakI avajJA nahIM kI hai, aura na unheM acartita hI chor3a rakhA hai; phira bhI prAyaH aisA hotA hai ki samAlocakoM dvArA lekhaka yA kAvyakAra kA usakI sampUrNa pratibhA evaM vyaktitva ko sameTate hue ucita va sahI samAkalana nahIM hotaa| jaba koI lekhaka yA kAvyakAra varSoM taka ekaniSTha hokara racanA ke kaI kSetroM meM kAma karatA hai to saMbhAvanA rahatI hai ki usake koI pahalU aura AyAma achUte na rahe jaaeN| kavivara dyAnatarAyajI ke bahuAyAmI sRjana ke sAtha isa prakAra ke pramAda aura zithilatA kI saMbhAvanA raha sakatI hai| ataH kavivara dyAnatarAyajI ke jIvana evaM sAhitya-sAdhanA para zodha karane kA mAnasa bnaayaa| ____ kavivara dyAnatarAya ke kRtitva para dRSTipAta karate haiM to unakI aneka prakAzita evaM aprakAzita racanAe~ hindI bhASA meM upalabdha haiM, kintu abhI taka ina para koI zodhakArya nahIM huA hai, jabaki unake vipula sAhitya ko dekheM to unake sAhitya para aneka vyakti zodha kArya kara sakate haiN| isI ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue unake sAhitya meM samAhita adhyAtmacetanA para zodha kArya kiyA gyaa| dyAnatarAya kA yogadAna kavi dyAnatarAya AdhyAtmika kavi the, isalie unakA hRdaya sAMsArika jIvana aura vyavasthA ke prati anAsakta thA, ve pUrNataH naitika evaM dhArmika vyaktitva ke dhanI the| unhoMne tatkAlIna vilAsitA ke viruddha indriyoM ko jItane kI preraNA dii| dharma ke nAma para honevAle bAhyADambaroM ke viruddha mana,

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kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA 213 vacana, karma meM sAmaMjasya evaM mana kI pavitratA para bala diyaa| sAtha hI saMsAra, zarIra evaM bhogoM kI nazvaratA, azaraNatA, duHkharUpatA Adi ke dvArA bhautika sukha samRddhi, mAna-pratiSThA Adi ko asAra batalAte hue mokSa prApti hetu preraNA pradAna kI evaM dhArmika aura naitika sAhitya kI racanA karake samAja kA ucita mArgadarzana kiyaa| dyAnatarAyajI ne sAMsArika moha-mAyA evaM indriya-viSayoM se apane mana ko haTAkara deva-zAstra-guru evaM zuddhAtmatattva meM lagAne tathA sampUrNa vizva ko kalyANa ke mArga para agrasita karane kA mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyaa| isa uddezya kI prApti hetu unhoMne apane sAhitya meM dArzanika, dhArmika evaM naitika vicAroM kA pratipAdana kiyA / AtmA ko jAnakara, pahacAna kara usameM hI lIna hone kI bAta kara jIvana meM satya, dayA, kSamA, prema Adi jo apanAne kI preraNA dii| Atmazuddhi ke lie rAga-dveSa-moha bhAvoM ko tyAgane kA upadeza diyaa| usa samaya vyApta sAmAjika jIvana meM madyapAna, corI, juA, AkheTa, vezyAsevana, parastrIgamana, mAMsabhakSaNa Adi vyasanoM ke doSa batalAkara unakI kaTu AlocanA kara unheM AtmakalyANa ke lie bAdhaka batAyA evaM unheM chor3ane kI preraNA dii| unhoMne dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika AcaraNa hetu devapUjA, guru kI upAsanA, svAdhyAya, saMyama, tapa aura dAna ina chaha Avazyaka karmoM kA mahattva pratipAdita kiyA tathA paMca mahAvratoM ko AcaraNa meM lAne kI preraNA dii| dyAnatarAya ne apane upadezoM dvArA hamArI saMskRti kI rakSA kI, mAnavIya mUlyoM ko puSTa kiyA, jAti-pA~ti kA bheda miTAyA, svAvalambana kA bhAva jagAkara puruSArtha karane kI preraNA dI tathA vyakti, samAja, rASTra va vizva kI samasta samasyAoM kA samAdhAna prastuta kiyaa| isa dRSTi se dyAnatarAyajI kA avadAna sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai| dyAnatarAyajI ne dharma kA jo svarUpa prastuta kiyA, vaha mAtra saiddhAntika hI nahIM, vyAvahArika bhI hai| isako kisI bhI jAti, varga evaM dharma kA vyakti apanA kara apanA kalyANa kara sakatA hai| cUMki kavi ne kisI vizeSa vyakti, dharma, sampradAya ke lakSya se sAhitya kA nirmANa nahIM kiyA hai; ataH dyAnatasAhitya ko kisI bhI jAti, dharma evaM sampradAya apanA sakatA hai| dyAnatasAhitya na sirpha AtmakalyANa kI bAta karatA hai, balki usameM

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214 kavivara dyAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita adhyAtma cetanA vizvakalyANa kI bhAvanA bhI sarAbora hai / dyAnatarAya ne sAhitya meM mAnavatAvAda, samAjavAda aura adhyAtmavAda kI pratiSThA kara vizva meM vyApta samasta vaira - virodha, kRtrima bhedopabheda evaM viSamatAoM ko naSTa kara maitrI, bhAIcArA, vAtsalya bhAva, rakhane kI bAta kahI hai| kavi ne kurItiyoM evaM bAhyADambaroM kA virodha kara mAnavamAtra ke kalyANa ke lie sAhitya kI racanA kI aura adhyAtmapradhAna bhAratIya saMskRti ke vikAsa meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyA / 1 dyAnatarAya ne deva-guru-dharma kA poSaNa kiyA hai / deva - guru-dharma ko AtmakalyANa ke lie hitakArI batAkara unakI upAsanA kA mArga prazasta kiyaa| sAtha hI ahiMsA ko apanAkara hiMsA evaM sapta vyasanoM ko tyAgane kI bAta khii| cU~ki AtmA binA kisI sAdhanAparaka pUrva abhyAsa ke nirAkAra para dhyAna kendrita nahIM kara sakatA hai| isIlie use dhyAna kI ekAgratA hetu kisI mUrta AdhAra kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / isI dRSTi ko dhyAna meM rakhakara dyAnatarAya ne pratimA pUjana kA samarthana kiyaa| sAtha hI use bhAvoM kI zuddhatA kA kAraNa bhI batAyA hai| pratimA pUjana ke viSaya meM tatkAlIna samAja meM vyApta rUr3hiyoM bAhyADambaroM kA samAdhAna prastuta kara kavi ne samAja kA bar3A upakAra kiyA hai| vastutaH dyAnata sAhitya kI AsthA usa dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika unnati yA vikAsa meM hai; jahA~ AtmA atIndriya Ananda yA nirAkula sukha ko prApta karatA hai| nirAkula sukha aura adhyAtma kI prApti ke lie dyAnatarAyajI ke sAhitya kI upayogitA Aja bhI hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI rahegI / isa prakAra niSkarSataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki dyAnatarAyajI ne ajJAnarUpI andhakAra meM bhaTakate jIvoM ko adhyAtma kI preraNA dekara jagatajanoM kA dizA-nirdeza kara jJAna - Aloka pradAna kara nara se nArAyaNa evaM pAmara se tIna loka kA adhipati banakara anantakAla taka nirAkula sukhI rahane kA mArga prazasta kiyA /

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lekhaka paricaya - DaoN. niteza zAha mUlata: bAMsavAr3A jile ke rahavAsI haiN| inakI prArambhika zikSA gRha jile meM hI huii| pazcAt inhoMne paNDita ToDaramala digambara jaina siddhAnta mahAvidyAlaya, jayapura meM jainadarzana evaM saMskRta se zAstrI parIkSA prathama zreNI se uttIrNa kI, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya se ema. e. (hindI) parIkSA meM bhI Apa prathama rhe| Apane rASTrIya saMskRta saMsthAna,naI dillI se bI.eDa.kI upAdhi prApta kii| rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya ke jaina anuzIlana kendra se Apane pIeca.DI. kI upAdhi nidezaka DaoN.pI.sI.jaina ke nirdezana meM prApta kii| Apa jaina sAhitya evaM darzana ke acche jJAtA haiN| samaya-samaya para Apa kakSAoM evaM vyAkhyAnoM se jainasamAja ko sahayoga dete rahate haiN| ApakI ruci lekhana evaM paThana-pAThana meM hai, Apake lekha dhArmika evaM sAmAjika patra-patrikAoM meM chapate rahate haiN| vartamAna meM Apa dillI pablika skUla, jayapura meM hindI-saMskRta ke adhyApaka pada para kAryarata haiN| ___Apane aneka seminAroM meM jaina darzana evaM hindI sAhitya para apane patroM kA vAcana bhI kiyA hai|